cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linking Knowledge Networks Web Panel Data with External Data

Unsurprisingly, given the small extent to which the field of survey methodology has engaged the issue of linking datasets, there hasn’t been a ton of work done trying to assess exactly what we end up with when we merge together these big datasets and survey data and start looking at data quality. What I’m going to discuss in this chapter is an initial cut at assessing accuracy and bias in the relations between consumer file marketing data and what we end up getting from individuals recruited from the GfK KnowledgePanel. But first I want to review a couple of the challenges and opportunities I think we’re dealing with as a field because they’re a good context in which to consider how new data sources might help us move forward.
Role of Methyl-2-nitrophenol Photolysis as a Potential Source of OH Radicals in the Polluted Atmosphere: Implications from Laboratory Investigation.

Methyl-substituted 2-nitrophenols are important components of “brown carbon” from biomass burning. Photolysis is their major gas-phase degradation pathway. To determine the extent of light absorptions by 4-methyl-2-nitrophenol and 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol, we obtained their absorption cross sections in the 295–400 nm region by using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Cross-section values for 4-methyl-2-nitrophenol were (1.01 ± 0.07) × 10–18, (5.72 ± 0.39) × 10–18, and (1.80 ± 0.17) × 10–20 cm2/molecule at 295, 345, and 400 nm, where errors quoted represent 1σ measurement uncertainty. Cross-section values for 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol were (9.04 ± 0.77) × 10–19, (5.89 ± 0.54) × 10–18, and (2.81 ± 0.14) × 10–20 cm2/molecule at 295, 345, and 400 nm. The HONO, NO2, and OH formation channels following 308 and 351 nm photolysis of methyl-2-nitrophenols were investigated. The OH quantum yields at 308 and 351 nm were obtained as the ratio of the OH concentration generated in pump/probe laser overlap region to the photon d...
Non-tender recurrent scrotal cellulitis

A 45-year-old man with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, dilated cardiomyopathy and obstructive sleep apnoea was hospitalised with recurrent scrotal cellulitis. He had been hospitalised twice within the past 3 months with scrotal oedema and cellulitis, which were managed with antibiotics and diuretics. The physical exam on the current admission was notable for an erythematous, non-tender, warm, indurated skin of the scrotum with a ‘peau d’orange’ appearance (figure 1A) and umbilicated skin …
Ectopic erythema migrans in an adolescent with a skin disorder.

Red and white circular lesions of the buccal and labial mucosa were observed in an adolescent. Periodically, these nontender patches would resolve and move to other oral sites. Detection of ectopic erythema migrans aided in the diagnosis of a bothersome skin condition. (Pediatr Dent 22:63-64, 2000.) Case history D uring a routine oral examination, multiple red and white patches were observed on the buccal and labial mucosa in a healthy 16 year-old African-American female. Review of her medical history was positive for environmental allergies, chronic sinusitis, and eczema. Hypoallergenic soaps and lotions, loratadine, naproxen and oral contraceptives were the medications used by this teenager. Intraoral examination revealed oval to circinate red patches with slightly raised white margins on the mandibular labial mucosa (figure 1) and bilateral, coalescing, red patches of the anterior buccal mucosa (figures 2 a, b). The patient was aware of increased surface roughness at these sites, but denied having any oral tenderness. These recurrent oral lesions would resolve in a couple weeks and then reappear at different mucosal sites. Except for localized gingivitis and a coated tongue, no other intraoral soft tissue abnormalities were observed. Mildly pruritic, hyperpigmented papules and plaques with scaly surfaces were noted around the hairline, hands and elbows. Clinical impression
Why a peer intervention program for Mexican-American women failed to modify the secular trend in cancer screening.

Introduction We evaluated an intervention program for Mexican-American women to increase Pap smear and mammography screening. Methods The three-year intervention included the presentation of role models in the media and reinforcement by peer volunteers. We used a two-community (intervention and comparison) pre-post test design. Activities were targeted to a mainly Spanish-speaking, poverty-level, immigrant population. Pre- and postintervention screening rates were based on independent random samples of Mexican-American women 40 years and older. Results Women reported a 6% absolute increase in Pap smear use similar to the 7% increase in the comparison community. Both communities experienced large but similar increases in recent mammography use (17% and 19%). Adjusting for differences in demographic factors, intervention and comparison changes remained identical. Conclusions Our peer intervention failed to accelerate the secular trend in cancer screening low-income Mexican-American women. Likely, promotional activities were too diffuse and the comparison community was contaminated with similar interventions. Strong social and market forces make it difficult to measure the effect of a specialized intervention on cancer screening rates.
WEAK CONTINUITY AND COMPACTNESS OF NONLINEAR OPERATORS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes weak continuity and compactness of nonlinear operators. It is known that the properties of weak continuity and compactness of a nonlinear operator F: X → Y, where X and Y are Banach spaces, play a central role in the study of nonlinear equations. Relations between these properties and the behavior of the derivative, F′, of F have been investigated for some time. The chapter introduces a topology on B(X, Y) which is much weaker than the norm topology. The chapter establishes relations between the mapping F′: X → B(X, Y), where F′ is the (linear) Gateaux derivative, and the properties of compactness and weak sequential continuity of F.
Validity of Performance and Outcome Measures for Heart Failure.

Background Numerous quality metrics for heart failure (HF) care now exist based on process and outcome. What remains unclear, however, is if the correct quality metrics are being emphasized. To det...
Algal biofuel the future of green jet fuel in air transportation

The aviation industry is one of the major contributors for the greenhouse gases As air travel has become inevitable in this modern era and fossil fuel usage is not sustainable it is essential to produce renewable fuel and commercialize it to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions In order to produce an alternate aviation biofuel a lot of industrial and academic collaborations have been developed worldwide nbsp The main concern of this collaborative research is to produce aviation biofuel from renewable resources with low environmental impacts and which is sustainable at an economically viable price This mini review briefly discusses the biotechnological approaches adapted to improve renewable fuel production the current achievement with regard to algal biotechnology and whether these biotechnological and bioengineering achievements can be commercialized today in the aviation industry
Amplification of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in contracting human skeletal muscle: role of K IR channels

KEY POINTS In humans, the vasodilatory response to skeletal muscle contraction is mediated in part by activation of inwardly rectifying potassium (KIR ) channels. Evidence from animal models suggest that KIR channels serve as electrical amplifiers of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). We found that skeletal muscle contraction amplifies vasodilatation to the endothelium-dependent agonist ACh, whereas there was no change in the vasodilatory response to sodium nitroprusside, an endothelium-independent nitric oxide donor. Blockade of KIR channels reduced the exercise-induced amplification of ACh-mediated vasodilatation. Conversely, pharmacological activation of KIR channels in quiescent muscle via intra-arterial infusion of KCl independently amplified the vasodilatory response to ACh. This study is the first in humans to demonstrate that specific endothelium-dependent vasodilatory signalling is amplified in the vasculature of contracting skeletal muscle and that KIR channels may serve as amplifiers of EDH-like vasodilatory signalling in humans. ABSTRACT The local vasodilatory response to muscle contraction is due in part to the activation of inwardly rectifying potassium (KIR ) channels. Evidence from animal models suggest that KIR channels function as 'amplifiers' of endothelium-dependent vasodilators. We tested the hypothesis that contracting muscle selectively amplifies endothelium-dependent vasodilatation via activation of KIR channels. We measured forearm blood flow (Doppler ultrasound) and calculated changes in vascular conductance (FVC) to local intra-arterial infusion of ACh (endothelium-dependent dilator) during resting conditions, handgrip exercise (5% maximum voluntary contraction) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; endothelium-independent dilator) which served as a high-flow control condition (n = 7, young healthy men and women). Trials were performed before and after blockade of KIR channels via infusion of barium chloride. Exercise augmented peak ACh-mediated vasodilatation (ΔFVC saline: 117 ± 14; exercise: 236 ± 21 ml min-1 (100 mmHg)-1 ; P < 0.05), whereas SNP did not impact ACh-mediated vasodilatation. Blockade of KIR channels attenuated the exercise-induced augmentation of ACh. In eight additional subjects, SNP was administered as the experimental dilator. In contrast to ACh, exercise did not alter SNP-mediated vasodilatation (ΔFVC saline: 158 ± 35; exercise: 121 ± 22 ml min-1 (100 mmHg)-1 ; n.s.). Finally, in a subset of six subjects, direct pharmacological activation of KIR channels in quiescent muscle via infusion of KCl amplified peak ACh-mediated vasodilatation (ΔFVC saline: 97 ± 15, KCl: 142 ± 16 ml min-1 (100 mmHg)-1 ; respectively; P < 0.05). These findings indicate that skeletal muscle contractions selectively amplify endothelium-dependent vasodilatory signalling via activation of KIR channels, and this may be an important mechanism contributing to the normal vasodilatory response to exercise in humans.
Outward orientation and exchange rate policy in developing countries : the Turkish experience

This paper places the economic policies applied in Turkey in an international context, with a view to furthering the understanding of the changes that have occurred since January 1980. The paper also considers possible future reform measures in Turkey, with attention given to short-term as well as to long-term objectives. The first section of the paper examines the principal characteristics of inward-oriented policies and their economic effects; it describes the policy content of reform efforts made by developing countries; and it indicates the impact of outward-oriented policies on exports and economic growth. The second section reviews the Turkish experience with inward orientation; it briefly describes the 1980-81 reforms; and it analyzes the economic effects of these reforms. In the third part, possible future reform measures for pursuing short-term and long-term objectives are briefly discussed.
RESPONSE: DIALOGIC LISTENING AS ATTENTIVENESS TO PLACE AND SPACE

This response examines the preceding seven essays in this issue of the International Journal of Listening through the lens provided by the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer, illumina...
Time-stamping and counting of single photons using fast camera

I will discuss fast optical cameras based on the back-illuminated silicon sensor and Timepix3 ASIC. The sensor has high quantum efficiency, and the chip provides nanosecond scale time resolution and data-driven readout with 80Mpix/sec bandwidth. The intensified version of the camera is single photon sensitive and since recently has been used for registration of single photons in a variety of quantum information science and quantum imaging experiments as well as for other applications. We briefly review the camera and describe recent experiments with a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer to characterize its photon counting capabilities.
The Effect of Moral and Fear Appeals on Park Visitors’ Beliefs about Feeding Wildlife:

This study tested the effectiveness of two written messages compared to a control condition in changing campers’ beliefs about feeding deer at Shenandoah National Park. Drawing on the Elaboration L...
Dynamics and determinants of cortisol and alpha-amylase responses to repeated stressors in recent interpersonal trauma survivors.

Abstract Background Alterations in major stress response systems are present during the immediate aftermath of trauma and may play a role in determining risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the dynamics and determinants of stress responses during this acute recovery phase, and their relevance for longitudinal clinical course and prognosis, have yet to be fully examined. The objectives of the present study were to characterize stress response and habituation patterns to repeated social stressors in women who recently experienced interpersonal trauma and to determine the extent to which these stress responses were associated with PTSD during prospective follow-up. Method This longitudinal study examined salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase and heart rate (HR) responses to repeated stressors in 98 young women (ages 18–30). Participants included women who had experienced an incident of interpersonal trauma (i.e., physical and/or sexual assault) in the three months prior to their baseline assessment (n = 58) and a comparison group of healthy, non-traumatized women (n = 40). Women completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), clinical interviews to evaluate posttraumatic stress symptom severity at the baseline assessment and again at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Results Multilevel models revealed a pattern of robust initial cortisol TSST responses and habituation across successive TSSTs; alpha-amylase and HR responses showed no evidence of habituation across TSSTs. Among interpersonal trauma survivors, current PTSD status was associated with more pronounced cortisol responses to the first TSST. Survivors exhibited similarly blunted cortisol responses across follow-up TSSTs regardless of PTSD status, suggesting habituation of cortisol responses among survivors who developed PTSD. PTSD re-experiencing symptoms were uniquely associated with blunting of cortisol TSST responses. Conclusion Findings suggest that PTSD as a diagnostic entity is meaningfully associated with cortisol responses to repeated social stressors. Social-evaluative threat is a salient form of danger for interpersonal trauma survivors. Identifying the determinants of cortisol (non)habituation to repeated social-evaluative threat among interpersonal trauma survivors could inform the development of early interventions for PTSD.
An Integrative Study Using Spatial Statistics and Racial/Ethnic Composition to Measure Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation at Varying Scales

Using a single index to measure racial/ethnic residential segregation is limited in disentangling the complexity of segregation because the intensity of segregation changes over space and time at various scales. This paper examined residential segregation among four racial/ethnic groups – non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, African American, and Asian in the intraurban area of Houston at different spatial scales – 1200 m, 2400 m, and 3600 m, through the combination of spatial statistics (Local Getis-Ord Gi* and Local Moran’s I) and the racial/ethnic composition. Findings of this study include: (1) Scale matters in measuring racial ethnic residential segregation; and (2) The comparison between Getis-Ord Gi* and Local Moran’s I revealed not only their inherent differences – measuring association from different perspectives, but also their similarity that Local Moran’s I serves as a refinement of Getis-Ord Gi* through identifying clusters with higher intensity from Getis-Ord Gi*. Through integrating racial/ethnic composition and local spatial statistics at different scales, the paper revealed the effectiveness of both Getis-Ord Gi* and Local Moran’ I in segregation study.
Effects of wearing of metacarpal gloves on hand dexterity, function, and perceived comfort: A pilot study.

Abstract Metacarpal gloves are commonly used in heavy-duty industries such as mining and are typically thicker and bulkier than manufacturing or assembly industrial gloves. This pilot study investigates the impact of wearing metacarpal gloves on hand dexterity, functional capabilities, and perceived comfort. Four types of commercially available metacarpal gloves were selected for evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Evaluations included turning and placing tests, also grip, pinch, and screwdriver tests, and rating of the perceived level of effort. Dexterity test results showed that metacarpal gloves significantly reduced the ability to perform motor tasks requiring coordination compared to bare hands. Hand functions such as gripping, pinching, and forearm rotations were not significantly affected. However, the perceived level of effort needed to complete those hand functions increased as the metacarpal glove's bulkiness increased. High levels of mechanical protection typically offered by metacarpal gloves can inversely affect hand dexterity and hand exertion.
The formation of a neurohaemal organ during insect embryogenesis

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the embryonic development of a simple neuroendocrine effector organ—the transverse nerve—in abdominal segments of Manduca. Each abdominal ganglion of the ventral nerve cord of larval Manduca consists of approximately 700 neurons. Within these segments, three nerves emanate from each ganglion to supply muscles and organs and to receive sensory information. The dorsal and ventral nerves are bilaterally paired. The third nerve is unpaired and is called the “transverse nerve” (TN); it originates from the small median nerve that lies between the longitudinal connectives. Under laboratory conditions (25°C), Manduca embryogenesis is completed within approximately 100 hours. The external morphology of developing embryos can be used to accurately stage animals to within 3 hours. The chapter uses the convention adopted by Tyrer and Bentley in staging grasshopper embryogenesis and refers to Manduca embryonic development in terms of percentages, where 100% is a fully completed embryo at the hatching stage. Conveniently, 1% of developmental time is equal to an hour of real time. The results suggest a pattern of stereotyped neuronal differentiation that includes specific cell interactions between developing neuroendocrine neurons and glial precursors. Numerous features of the TN trajectory and position appear to be “prefigured” by the prior arrival and assemblage of non-neuronal cells into cellular pathways that are later taken by the growing axons of the TN neurons.
Evan Gottlieb and Juliet Shields, eds., Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830 and Jennifer Phegley, John Cyril Barton, and Kristin N. Huston, eds., Transatlantic Sensations

Review by Jessie Reeder (Rice University) of Evan Gottlieb and Juliet Shields, eds., Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830 . Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013. Pp. 221. £60. ISBN 9781409419303 and Jennifer Phegley, John Cyril Barton, and Kristin N. Huston, eds., Preface by David S. Reynolds, Transatlantic Sensations . Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2012. Pp. 278. £70. ISBN 9781409427155.
The DNA-compacting protein DCP68 from soybean chloroplasts is ferredoxin:sulfite reductase and co-localizes with the organellar nucleoid

The multiple copies of the chloroplast genome (plastome) are condensed and organized into nucleoids by a set of proteins. One of these, the DNA-binding protein DCP68 from soybean, has previously been shown to compact DNA and to inhibit DNA synthesis in vitro. N-terminal amino acid analysis and the absorption spectrum of the purified protein suggest that DCP68 is the siroheme protein sulfite reductase, a ferredoxin-dependent enzyme that participates in sulfur assimilation for cysteine and methionine biosynthesis. The in vivoassociation of this protein with chloroplast nucleoids was confirmed by immuno-colocalization with antibodies against sulfite reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana. These results suggest that DCP68 is a bifunctional chloroplast protein that participates in reductive sulfur assimilation and plays a role in organellar nucleoid organization. The fact that dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase affects the binding of purified DCP68 to DNA in vitro might be indicative of the way the interaction of the protein with the nucleoid is regulated in vivo.
The stingray AUV: A small and cost-effective solution for ecological monitoring

Underwater vehicles have recently become more useful in ecological monitoring, largely in part to advanced processing capabilities enabled by modern computers. Most underwater vehicles are torpedo shaped and non-holonomically controlled, which makes them efficient, but they lack precise maneuverability. Some cube-shaped vehicles are used when more exact navigation is necessary; however they cannot take advantage of gliding motions and hydrodynamic lift as their vehicles have a large amount of drag. The Stingray Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is a compact, lightweight AUV with a unique design implementation. The hull of the Stingray is a carbon fiber shell with a biomimetic design reminiscent of its ocean-dwelling namesake. This streamlined profile provides very low drag and allows the vehicle to glide through the water. The Stingray also uses a unique propulsion system, combining three vertical thrusters on the wings and tail for roll and pitch with two Voith-Schneider propellers mounted underneath for yaw and surge. In addition, these two propellers provide the ability to strafe, allowing the vehicle to move with six degrees of freedom. This enables the Stingray to easily maneuver at slow speeds and hover in a similar fashion to a helicopter, while also being able to take advantage of the lift generated by its wings to glide like a fixed-wing aircraft.
Opposing Roles of the Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Regulators, Agr and Sar, in Triton X-100- and Penicillin-Induced Autolysis

The regulation of murein hydrolases is a critical aspect of peptidoglycan growth and metabolism. In the present study, we demonstrate that mutations within the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor regulatory genes, agr and sar, affect autolysis, resulting in decreased and increased autolysis rates, respectively. Zymographic analyses of these mutant strains suggest that agr and sar exert their effects on autolysis, in part, by modulating murein hydrolase expression and/or activity.
Approximations for Multi-Class Departure Processes

The exact analysis of a network of queues with multiple products is, in general, prohibited because of the non-renewal structure of the arrival and departure processes. Two-moment approximations (decomposition methods, Whitt [9] ) have been successfully used to study these systems. The performance of these methods, however, strongly depends on the quality of the approximations used to compute the squared coefficient variation (CV) of the different streams of products. In this paper, an approximation method for computing the squared coefficient of variation of the departure stream from a multi-class queueing system is presented. In particular, we generalize the results of Bitran and Tirupati [3] and Whitt [11] related to the interference effect.
Emerging drugs for preeclampsia – the endothelium as a target

Preeclampsia, the development of new onset hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy, affects ∼ 3 - 8% of all pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the potentially devastating effects of this disease on the mother and the baby and the recent advances in understanding some of the pathological mechanisms responsible for the progression of preeclampsia, there are still few therapies available to manage the disease. The maternal syndrome of preeclampsia is characterized by systemic endothelial dysfunction; therefore, agents that improve endothelial function may hold promise to alleviate the symptoms of preeclampsia, delay the necessity for preterm delivery and improve neonatal outcomes. This brief review will focus on two therapies that are already approved for use in the US for other indications: PDE-5 inhibition to preserve nitric oxide - cGMP signaling to promote vasodilation and inhibition of the endothelin type A receptor to reduce vascular contraction.
The mammalian twisted gastrulation gene functions in foregut and craniofacial development.

Abstract Extracellular modulators of cell–cell signaling control numerous aspects of organismal development. The Twisted gastrulation (Twsg1) gene product is a small, secreted cysteine-rich protein that has the unusual property of being able to either enhance or inhibit signaling by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) subfamily of TGF-β type factors in a context-dependent manner. In this report, we characterize the early embryonic and skeletal phenotypes associated with loss of Twsg1 function in mice. All Twsg1 mutant mice, irrespective of genetic background, exhibit deletions of neural arches in the cervical vertebrae. In a C57BL/6 background, we also observe pronounced forebrain defects including rostral truncations, holoprosencephaly, cyclopia, as well as alterations in the first branchial arch (BA1) leading to lack of jaw (agnathia). Characterization of marker expression suggests that these defects are attributable to loss of signaling from forebrain-organizing centers including Fgf8 from the anterior neural ridge (ANR) and Shh from the prechordal plate (PrCP). In addition, we find defects in the foregut endoderm and a reduction in Hex expression, which may contribute to both the forebrain and BA1 defects.
Culture control in crop fields: A habitat management technique

Cultural factors, including vegetational backgrounds adjacent to and/or within the crop, harvest procedures, crop rotation patterns, planting dates, and plant density/spacing patterns provide a major portion of the ecological context in which arthropod populations in crop fields exist These cropping practices can often be manipulated to help favorably manage arthropod populations Some research highlights involving various types of cultural control are presented, including a discussion of several problems faced by researchers investigating cultural control of arthropods in field crop agroecosystems. In order to understand the complexities involved in cultural factor effects on arthropod populations, investigators must perform carefully designed research. Also, the most appropriate and meaningful way(s) to express arthropod population levels in such studies must be critically determined
Photoinduced Defects in Chalcogenide Glasses

Prolonged exposure to strongly absorbed light induces a large density of metastable defects in chalcogenide glasses. Observed properties of the new defects include light-in-duced ESR, extrinsic absorption below the band-gap energy and nonradiative recombination. The defect creation apparently underlies the well-known reversible photostructural change, and our data support a recent model of optically induced defect pairs.
Death Be Not Profane: Mortality Salience and Euphemism Use

Terror management theorists have documented the impact of mortality salience on socioemotional outcomes but not communication behavior. The reported research explored the influence of mortality salience on language used to describe bodily processes. Consistent with findings that humans cope with death anxiety through psychological distancing from their vulnerable bodies, participants for whom mortality was made salient were more likely than control participants to describe bodily processes using euphemisms. Rate of euphemism use for eliminatory functions exceeded that for copulation overall, suggesting stronger creaturely associations with elimination. Our findings indicate that psychological distancing evoked by mortality salience is manifested in communication behavior.
Gated spect polar map pattern quantification recognizes post operative septal wall motion

Abstract Background: Abnormal septal motion after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is a common finding. With Gated SPECT, assessment of cardiac function by assessing wall motion (WM) and wall thickness (WT) is made easy. Septal WM after CABG has been reported to impair. WT may be an alternative approach to functional assessment after CABG. We hypothesize that a recognizable pattern exists in polar map (PM) for postCABG septum (PCS) vs normal septum (NS). Aim of this study was to quantify septal WM and WT in relation to lateral wall using PM. Methods: Quantitative post stress gated SPECT (Autoquant -QGS®) functional raw data for motion (mm) and thickening (%) were analyzed in a four region PM in 30 postCABG patients. The endocardial WM from end diastole to end systole by the brightest color scale was equal to a 10 mm change. Similarly, WT change was expressed in percentage (%) (twice the end diastolic thickness at end systole =100%). Control group included 23 patients with normal myocardial perfusion. A ratio of septal and lateral WM and WT (SLWM & SLWT) was compared between the two groups. Results: Mean Age 58 ± 10 years, 66% males. The results comparing QGS (SLWM & SLWT) in both groups are shown below. There was a significant difference (p- Conclusions: SLWM ratio in QGS can identify PCS. A value of 0.5 for SLWM is considered as a cut-off for PCS vs NS. This difference in retrospect corresponds to the color scale on the PM in QGS and demonstrates a recognizable pattern. SPECT Variables CABG (n = 30) Control (n = 23) p-value WM (mm) Septum 2.51 ± 1.96 6.54 ± 1.65 WM Lateral 9.3 ± 2.45 9 ± 1.6 0.31 WM Ratio of S/L 0.3 ± 0.28 0.73 ± 0.15 WT (%) Septum 33.53 ± 10.7 42.7 ± 11 WT (%) Lateral 31.6 ± 13.4 41.6 ± 12 WT Ratio of S/L 1.32 ± 0.94 1.05 ± 0.21 0.09
Evidence for linelike vortex liquid phase in Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 8 probed by the Josephson plasma resonance

We measured the Josephson plasma resonance (JPR) in optimally doped Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} thin films using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in transmission. The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the JPR frequency shows that the c-axis correlations of pancake vortices remain intact at the transition from the vortex solid to the liquid phase. In this respect Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} films, with anisotropy parameter {gamma}{approx}150, are similar to the less anisotropic YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} ({gamma}{approx}8) rather than to the most anisotropic Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} single crystals ({gamma}{approx}500).
Like life itself: blurring the distinction between fiction and reality in the Four Broken Hearts transmedia storyworld

Transgressing the boundaries of the real and the virtual, the temporal and the spatial and the personal and the political, Four Broken Hearts (FBH) is a hybrid storyworld encompassing film, live performance, location-based experiences and social media. The project is scheduled for launch early next year and is currently a work-in-progress undergoing initial user testing. The story of FBH is being told by taking each of the classic elements of fiction – character, setting, exposition, climax and denouement – and bringing them ‘to life’ in the medium that conveys them to the highest degree of mimesis: characters are built and explored through social media, setting is experienced through location-based storytelling, the backstory is fleshed out using film and the climax is performed as an immersive drama. By taking advantage of what each medium does best while complementing the other mediums, FBH is presented in the form of a rich transmedia experience that allows audiences to explore the storyworld across m...
In Poetic Association: Acts of Architecture in the Realm of Landscape Ecology

This paper describes metaphorical engagement of ecology as a strategy for designing human inhabitation catalyzed by and supportive of healthy urban ecosystems. A case is made for the importance and timliness of collaboration and conceptual association between architects and landscape ecologists. Next, the Australian architect Richard Leplastrier's notion of architecture as "furnishing with particular purpose this larger room we are in" - suggestive of both the architect's role and the context of an architectural undertaking - is examined as a prototype for approaching problems of design in an environmentally sensitive manner. A pilot studio attempt to engage ecological issues through metaphor is described, and building from this experiment and Lepastrier's statement, a palette of "human act/environment" case study metaphors is offered for use in design. Lastly I offer a methodology for testing these metaphors in advanced architectural design studios and evaluating their influence on students' design thinking and the environmental responsiveness of projects that result.
THE EFFECT OF TOPICAL DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE ON CLOTTING ACTIVITY IN THE SPRAGUE‐DAWLEY RAT

Abstract : In 1964 the first report describing the clinical use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) appeared, soon followed by similar clinical studies. Studies on toxicological effects of dimethyl sulfoxide soon appeared. But few evaluated potential hepatic toxicity. Dimethyl sulfoxide was reported to act as a possible carrier of hepatic carcinogens and cause an occasional increase in liver enzymes, and also acted as a very mild potentiator of hepatic lesions in the rat. As some of the clotting proteins are synthesized in the hepatic cell, this study was undertaken to see what, if any, changes in coagulation parameters might result following topical dimethyl sulfoxide treatment of the Sprague-Dawley rat. There was no significant alterations in body weight in either male or female Sprague-Dawley rats following one week of topical DMSO. Clotting time following treatment can be seen in TABLE 1.
Rare decays of the Z0 and searches for new particles

Abstract A summary is presented of the extensive number of particle searches performed in the last few months by the experiments at LEP and SLC. The measurements of (and limits obtained from) two-photon production are also reviewed.
Bacterial signal peptide recognizes HeLa cell mitochondrial import receptors and functions as a mitochondrial leader sequence.

Phage display was used to identify new components of the mammalian mitochondrial receptor complex using Tom20 as a binding partner. Two peptides were identified. One had partial identity (SMLTVMA) with a bacterial signal peptide from Toho-1, a periplasmic protein. The other had partial identity with a mitochondrial inner membrane glutamate carrier. The bacterial signal peptide could carry a protein into mitochondria both in vivo and in vitro. The first six residues of the sequence, SMLTVM, were necessary for import but the two adjacent arginine residues in the 30-amino-acid leader were not critical for import. The signal peptides of Escherichia coli β-lactamase and Bacillsus subtilis lipase could not carry proteins into mitochondria. Presumably, the Toho-1 leader can adopt a structure compatible for recognition by the import apparatus.
Newer anti-epileptic drugs.

During the past few years, a number of drugs have been added to the anti-epileptic arsenal. This review focusses on five of these drugs which have undergone extensive trials: Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine, Gabapentin, Felbamate and Oxcarbazepine. Some of these antiepileptic drugs appear to be helpful for treatment of catastrophic childhood epilepsies. Vigabatrin appears promising in children with infantile spasms who do not respond to ACTH or Prednisolone. Children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome may respond to treatment with lamotrigine or Vigabatrin. Gabapentin and vigabatrin have proved to be effective in refractory partial seizures. Oxcarbazepine, a ketoderivative of carbamazepine, is as effective as Carbamazepine but has a better safety profile. Lesser neurotoxicity and fewer drug interactions is another advantage with these drugs. However monitoring is required to determine the long term safety with their usage. These drugs have a definite role in childhood epilepsies refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs.
hreat simulation, dreams, and domain-specificity

According to Revonsuo, dreams are the output of a evolved “threat simulation mechanism.” The author marshals a diverse and comprehensive array of empirical and theoretical support for this hypothesis. We propose that the hypothesized threat simulation mechanism might be more domain-specific in design than the author implies. To illustrate, we discuss the possible sex-differentiated design of the hypothesized threat simulation mechanism.
Full-band simulation of indirect phonon assisted tunneling in a silicon tunnel diode with delta-doped contacts

Full-band simulations of indirect, phonon assisted, interband tunneling are used to calculate the current–voltage response of a low-temperature molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown silicon tunnel diode with delta-doped contacts. Electron confinement in the contacts results in weak structure in the current–voltage characteristic. The structure is lost when finite lifetime effects are included. The approach uses the nonequilibrium Green function formalism in a second-neighbor sp3s* planar orbital basis.
Some Speculations Concerning High-Energy Large Momentum Transfer Processes

It is speculated that the sharp decrease with increasing energy of differential cross sections at large angles is due to a mechanism independent of the method of excitation. Some consequences of such a possibility are discussed.
Urban cultivation in Accra: an examination of the nature, practices, problems, potentials and urban planning implications

Abstract The literature on urban farming in Sub-Saharan African cities reveals that most studies have been conducted in Eastern, Southern and Central African cities. A few have focused on West Africa, including Sierra Leone, Guinea Bissau, and Cameroon. In Ghana there is a paucity of information on urban farming. The purpose of this paper is to examine the status of urban cultivation in Accra, Ghana's capital, reviewing existing research, and to present new empirical findings on urban cultivation emphasizing on its history, nature, practices, problems, potentials and urban planning implications.
Use of Hydration, Germination, and α‐Galactosidase Treatments to Reduce Oligosaccharides in Dry Beans

N. J. M N. J. M N. J. M N. J. M ABSTRACT: r r resulted in 51% ± 3.0%, 30% ± 1.9%, and 46% ± 1.9% r esulted in 51% ± 3.0%, 30% ± 1.9%, and 46% ± 1.9% r esulted in 51% ± 3.0%, 30% ± 1.9%, and 46% ± 1.9% r esulted in 51% ± 3.0%, 30% ± 1.9%, and 46% ± 1.9% r esulted in 51% ± 3.0%, 30% ± 1.9%, and 46% ± 1.9% reduction in total r eduction in total r eduction in total r eduction in total r eduction in total raffinose and stachy affinose and stachy affinose and stachy affinose and stachy affinose and stachyose for black beans ose for black beans ose for black beans ose for black beans ose for black beans, red beans beans beans beans, and navy beans , and navy beans , and navy beans , and navy beans , and navy beans, respectively. Ger er er er ermination tr mination tr mination tr mination tr mination treatment r eatment r eatment r eatment r eatment resulted in 61% ± 12%, 61% ± 1.9%, and 70% ± 2.8% esulted in 61% ± 12%, 61% ± 1.9%, and 70% ± 2.8% esulted in 61% ± 12%, 61% ± 1.9%, and 70% ± 2.8% esulted in 61% ± 12%, 61% ± 1.9%, and 70% ± 2.8% esulted in 61% ± 12%, 61% ± 1.9%, and 70% ± 2.8% r r r reduction in total r eduction in total r eduction in total r eduction in total r eduction in total raffinose and stachy affinose and stachy affinose and stachy affinose and stachy affinose and stachyose for black beans ose for black beans ose for black beans ose for black beans ose for black beans, red beans
Modal response of a computational vocal fold model with a substrate layer of adipose tissue

This study demonstrates the effect of a substrate layer of adipose tissue on the modal response of the vocal folds, and hence, on the mechanics of voice production. Modal analysis is performed on the vocal fold structure with a lateral layer of adipose tissue. A finite element model is employed, and the first six mode shapes and modal frequencies are studied. The results show significant changes in modal frequencies and substantial variation in mode shapes depending on the strain rate of the adipose tissue. These findings highlight the importance of considering adipose tissue in computational vocal fold modeling.
The EEZ/CSA: Consistent with International Custom

The proposed Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf Act ("EEZ/CSA") is a vehicle through which Congress may implement both President Truman's 1945 Proclamation and President Reagan's Exclusive Economic Zone Proclamation in conformity with customary international law as it has most recently been codified in the Law of the Sea Treaty ("Treaty").1/ The EEZ/CSA is such a vehicle because it incorporates many of the same customary usages that are found in the Treaty.2/ The EEZ/CSA, however, has its own independent basis in custom. To demonstrate this, this paper will undertake a brief historical analysis. It will show that the two main provisions of the EEZ/CSA are consistent with customs that arose to complement the traditional law of the sea.
Object storage semantics for replicated concurrent-writer file systems

High-performance I/O is a key requirement for many of today's critical computational science applications, and parallel file systems are being driven to progressively larger scales to keep pace with demand. One cost-effective way to meet this demand is through the deployment of commodity storage hardware in conjunction with file systems that provide software resiliency. This requires a re-evaluation of the core components of parallel file system architecture, however. In addition to interacting with resilient protocols, parallel file systems must also take into account unique HPC workloads that include bursty, highly concurrent access to large shared files. Such workloads are traditionally a challenge for software replication algorithms, in part because the underlying storage does not provide convenient semantic building blocks. In this work we isolate a common component of many parallel file systems, the object storage abstraction layer, and propose the introduction of semantic properties that will enable it to better serve as the building block for resilient HPC storage architectures. The properties that we have identified are atomicity, explicit versioning, and commutativity. We outline how these properties can be used to simplify software replication protocols for highly concurrent workloads. We also demonstrate that these properties can be implemented portably while still maintaining high performance on both commodity and enterprise-class storage platforms.
Thermal recovery well test design and interpretation

Presentation d'un nouveau concept et d'equations d'interpretation issus de l'etude de la courbe de pression derivee sur un puits dans un reservoir composite. Le rayon interne de la zone exterieure du reservoir (Rayon de front) est un parametre-cle pour l'analyse du phenomene. Des courbes de type derivees, applicables pour tous les rayons de front, avec des rapports de mobilite et de stockage comme parametres sont presentees. L'application aux cas d'injection de fluides, de combustion in situ et de reservoirs geothermiques est interessante
Impact of haplotypes of TNF in the natural course of infective endocarditis

Based on previous findings for the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNF for the predisposition for bloodstream infections, this study investigates the role of these SNPs at the promoter positions -376, -308, -238 in infective endocarditis (IE). In a case-control study, 83 patients with IE and 83 controls were enrolled. Blood genotyping for the presence of G or A alleles of the three SNPs was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Haplotypes were calculated. Patients were mostly infected by Staphylococcus aureus (32.5%) and by species of enterococci (14.3%) and streptococci (14.3%). Carriage of the minor frequency A alleles at -238 of the promoter region of TNF was greater than in controls (8.4% versus 1.2%, p 0.003). The presence of any of the three GGA/GAA/AGA haplotypes was more frequent in patients with IE (OR 8.22, 95CI% 1.8-37.4, p 0.001). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that the only factor related to fatal outcome was carriage of the wild-type GGG haplotype (OR, 3.29, 95CI%, 1.05-10.29, p 0.04). GGA, AGA and GAA haplotypes were more frequent in patients with IE than in controls, suggesting a predisposition for IE and a potential protective role against fatal outcome, as the wild-type GGG haplotype was independently related with death.
Starch-sugar interconversion in Solanum tuberosum

Abstract The changes in starch, sugars, and respiration of both immature and mature potato tubers (variety King Edward) caused by transfer from +10° to +2° and back to +10°, were followed throughout. At each storage temperature the tubers were allowed to reach a steady state before transfer to another temperature. In potatoes transferred from +10° to +2°, the sugar at first rose rapidly and then reached a constant value after 30 days. The respiration showed a characteristic pattern, for the first 5–8 days being below the initial value, then rising to a maximum at 14 days and finally returning to the initial value at 28 days. In potatoes transferred from +2° to +10° the sugar declined steadily, the respiration reaching a maximum after 10 days and then slowly falling to a value slightly above the initial value. Quantitative analysis of the results showed that the sum of starch + sugar + CO 2 expressed in equivalent anhydrohexose units did not change throughout the various changes in temperature. This work provided a quantitative experimental basis for what had hitherto been an assumption. Starch was the only polysaccharide involved in these carbohydrate changes. No change in the amylose/amylopectin ratio was detected either during the breakdown of starch (temperature change +10° to +2°) or during its synthesis (+2° to + 10°). The increased respiration which accompanied any change in temperature was related quantitatively to the formation of sucrose from starch (+10° to +2°) and starch from sugar (+2° to + 10°). The ATP equivalent of the extra CO 2 output was of the same order as that predicted on the basis of known biochemical pathways linking starch and sugar.
Interactions of Natural Colloidal Material and Phenanthrene in the Aquatic Environment

Resuspension of contaminated aquatic sediments by natural and anthropogenic activities (i.e., dredging, boat activities, fish, wildlife, storms, runoff) increases the flux of natural colloidal material and colloidally bound contaminants into the overlying water column. Colloidal material extracted from lower Fox River sediments was analyzed for various physical and chemical characteristics and subjected to batch aggregation studies under controlled conditions of pH (∼3–8) and colloid concentrations (5 and 9 mg L−1 as TOC equivalents) in the presence of dissolved phenanthrene in solution. Under water chemistry conditions where pH and K+ concentration are typical of most natural waters (10−2 M K+ and pH∼8), the presence of phenanthrene in solution (average [phen] = 0.2–0.4 mg/L) prevents particle aggregation and decreases the settling rate of these particles. Ultimately, this increases the total concentration of colloidally bound contaminants in the water column. Dredging is the most popular remediation technique for removing contaminated sediments from the aquatic environment. However, this laboratory study suggests that for typical waters, dredging may potentially elevate the concentrations of contaminants found in the water column. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.