cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of prolactin on thyroxine-induced changes in hepatic and tail enzymes and nitrogen metabolism in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles.

SummaryThyroxine administered either alone or in conjunction with prolactin caused a decrease in hepatic protein concentration and an increase in hepatic glutamic dehydrogenase activity and specific activity in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Hepatic lactic dehydrogenase activity is decreased after thyroxine treatment, while prolactin alone caused an increase in the activity and specific activity of this enzyme, Tail lactic dehydrogenase activity, on the other hand, increased following thyroxine treatment. Thyroxine-treated animals were shown to have increased urea excretion which is prevented when prolactin is simultaneously administered, confirming the findings of Medda and Frieden (5). On the other hand, the pattern of ammonia excretion is identical in tadpoles treated with thyroxine or prolactin plus thyroxine.The possibility of a prolactin-thyroxine antagonism in mammals was examined in rats. It was found that prolactin, in the dose administered, had no antagonistic action on thyroxine-induced precocious ...
Synthesis and metabolism of labeled acetohydroxamic acid, a urease inhibitor.

Summary14C- and 3H-labeled acetohydroxamic acid were synthesized and purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography. When these compounds were given simultaneously to dogs, the 3H/14C ratio remained constant in urine, indicating that the 3H label was stable in vivo. In dogs, AHA was rapidly absorbed when given orally; when given by this route or intravenously, 80 to 90% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine in 24 hr, predominantly as unmetabolized AHA. AHA was given by mouth to patients with cirrhosis and encephalopathy: radioactivity appeared promptly in the blood and urine and decreased exponentially. Urinary excretion was slower than in dogs, probably because of concomitant impairment of renal function. Less than 10% of urinary radioactivity was present as acetamide in dogs or patients. AHA was not excreted in the feces during the duration of the experiment. Side-effects of AHA given to patients included gastrointestinal symptoms and transient decrease of the blood platelet count.
Genetically Encoded Tools: Bridging the Gap between Neuronal Identity and Function

Genetically encoded tools are positioned to serve a unique and critical role in bridging the gap between the genetic identity of neurons and their functional properties. However, the use of these tools is limited by our current understanding of cell-type identity. As we make technological advances that focus on capturing functional aspects of neurons such as connectivity, activity, and metabolic states, our understanding of neuronal identity will deepen and may enable the use of genetically encoded tools for modulating disease-specific circuits for therapeutic purposes.
Abstract 1727: Evidence that E2F1-mediated upregulation of Bim, a proapoptotic BH3-only protein, functions as a prosurvival molecule in cancer.

Proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim plays an important role in Bax/Bak-mediated cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Here we provide evidence for a novel prosurvival function of Bim in cancer cells. Bim was constitutively overexpressed in multiple prostate and breast cancer cells as well as in primary tumor cells. Quantitative real time PCR analysis showed that Bim was transcriptionally upregulated. We have identified eight endogenous E2F1-binding sites on the Bim promoter using in silico analysis. Luciferase assay demonstrated that Bim expression was E2F1-dependent as mutation of E2F1-binding sites on the Bim promoter inhibited luciferase activities. In support, E2F1 silencing led to the loss of Bim expression in cancer cells. Bim primarily localized to mitochondrial and cytoskeleton-associated fractions. Bim-silencing or microinjection of anti-Bim antibodies into the cell cytoplasm resulted in cell rounding, detachment, and subsequent apoptosis. We observed upregulation of prosurvival proteins Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, which sequester Bim in cancer cells. In addition, phosphorylated form of Bim was also elevated in cancer cells. These findings suggest that the constitutively overexpressed Bim may function as a prosurvival molecule in epithelial cancer cells, and phosphorylation and association with Bcl-xL/Mcl-1 block its proapoptotic functions. The prosurvival functions associated with multiple proapoptotic proteins raise the possibility that anticancer agents that only harness proapoptotic function of Bim or other BH3-only proteins may not be an efficient approach for the permeabilization of mitochondria. Our findings demonstrate that in order to induce efficient apoptosis, inhibition of prosurvival function of Bim may provide a new approach for efficient cancer therapy. Citation Format: Neelu Yadav, Raghu Gogada, Junwei Liu, Shaohua Tang, Dianmu Zhang, C Marcelo Aldaz, Dean Tang, Dhyan Chandra. Evidence that E2F1-mediated upregulation of Bim, a proapoptotic BH3-only protein, functions as a prosurvival molecule in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1727. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1727
On Functions of Several Split-Quaternionic Variables

Alesker studied a relation between the determinant of a quaternionic Hessian of a function and a specific complex volume form. In this note we show that similar relation holds for functions of several split-quaternionic variables and point to some relations with geometry.
Determination of 15 kinds of organochlorine pesticides in vegetables by GPC and GC-MS/MS

Objective To establish a method for determining 15 kinds of organochlorine pesticides( OCPs) in vegetables by optimizing gel permeation chromatography purification( GPC) and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry( GC- MS / MS) technology parameters. Methods The pesticide residues in the samples were extracted with acetonitrile,dried with nitrogen,and cleaned up by GPC,and then the purified sample was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC- MS / MS. We compared two GPC columns and different GPC flow rates in the clean- up efficiency. We also compared the separation effect with the two different capillary columns. According to the results,we took 20 mm × 400 mm gel column,flow rate of 3 ml / min for the GPC parameters,and medium polar capillary column TR- 1701 for analysis. Results The linear correlation coefficients( r) was above 0. 989 when the concentration of 15 OCPs was in the range of 0. 005 μg / ml- 0. 200 μg / ml. The limit of quantitation was in the rang of 0. 000 04 mg / kg- 0. 001 60 mg / kg. The relative standard deviations( RSD) were 2. 8%- 12. 0%,and the recovery rates were 72. 1%- 104. 1% when leek samples were performed for standard test with sample of 0. 005 mg / kg,0. 025 mg / kg,and 0. 100 mg / kg. Conclusion The method was widely used,highly sensitive,of reliable identification and accurate quantification,which is suitable for the analysis of pesticide residues in vegetables.
Symptom Improvement After Prolapse and Incontinence Graft Removal in a Case Series of 306 Patients.

OBJECTIVES We report our experience with removal of synthetic and biologic implants used in pelvic reconstruction in a tertiary referral center from 2005 to 2012. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients who underwent surgical implant removal for treatment of implant-related complications. Symptoms were determined by patient self-assessment including validated questionnaires. One hundred seventy-nine patients completed follow-up. RESULTS Three hundred six patients underwent removal for exposure or erosion (57%), pain (46%), and urinary symptoms or incontinence (54%). Ninety patients (29%) had previous revision. Eleven percent had pelvic organ prolapse (POP) implants, 48% had sling implants, and 41% had both implants. Mean time from removal to follow-up was 2 years (median, 2 years; range, <1-7).The majority of patients experienced symptom improvement after implant removal. Seventy-eight percent of those with pain reported pain improvement, 9% reported no change, and 14% experienced worsening. Symptom improvement was reported by 79% of those who underwent removal of a POP implant alone, 79% of those who underwent removal of POP and sling implants, and 83% of those who underwent removal of a sling alone. Quality of life was significantly improved after implant removal overall (P < 0.05) for those who underwent removal of POP and slings, and slings alone, but not for those with POP removal only. CONCLUSIONS Pain is among the most common symptoms reported in women referred to our institution for implant-related complications. In a series of 306 complex patients with a range of implants and symptoms, removal improved implant-related pain in the majority of patients.
COMPUTATION OF THE SEMANTIC RELATEDNESS BETWEEN WORDS USING CONCEPT CLOUDS

Determining the semantic relatedness between two words refers to computing a statistical measure of similarity between those words. Word similarity measures are useful in a wide range of applications such as natural language processing, query recommendation, relation extraction, spelling correction, document comparison and other information retrieval tasks. Although several methods that address this problem have been proposed in the past, effective computation of semantic relatedness still remains a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new technique for computing the relatedness between two words. In our approach, instead of computing the relatedness between the two words directly, we propose to first compute the relatedness between their generated concept clouds using web-based coefficients. Next, we use the obtained measure to determine the relatedness between the original words. Our approach heavily relies on a concept extraction algorithm that extracts concepts related to a given query and generates a concept cloud for the query concept. We perform an evaluation on the Miller-Charles benchmark dataset and obtain a correlation coefficient of 0.882, which is better than the correlation coefficients of all other existing state of art methods, hence providing evidence for the effectiveness of our method.
Heterogeneity of student perceptions of the classroom climate: a latent profile approach

Student perceptions are a pivotal point of measurement for understanding why classroom learning environments are effective. Yet there is some evidence that student perceptions cannot be reliably aggregated at the classroom level and, instead, could represent idiosyncratic experiences of students. The present study examines whether heterogeneity in student perceptions of the classroom climate has implications for student achievement. We use data from 1428 seventh grade students in 75 mathematics classrooms from the Michigan Study of Adolescent and Life Transitions. Three dimensions of student perceptions of the classroom were measured: emotional support, autonomy support and performance focus. To obtain a measure of heterogeneity, we first reduced the data using latent profile analysis to describe profiles of students’ perceptions of the classroom. Next, we quantified the heterogeneity of student perceptions within classrooms using Simpson’s D. Classroom-level heterogeneity (Simpson’s D) of students’ perceptions was negatively associated with students’ mathematics achievement, even after controlling for individual- and classroom-level previous achievement, student’s prior perceptions and other variables. Findings suggest that measures of heterogeneity in student perceptions might be important for understanding classroom- and teacher-level effects on student outcomes.
Influence of the tube surface on atomization behavior in a graphite tube furnace

Sensitivity is compared for a number of elements in tubes for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry made from pyrolytic graphite coated and uncoated polycrystalline electrographite and from glassy carbon. The best atomization efficiency is always obtained in a pyrolytic graphite coated tube, independent of the volatility of the element and the atomization mechanism involved. The pronounced sticking properties of metal atoms to active sites of uncoated polycrystalline electrographite and glassy carbon are believed to be responsible to this behavior. This theory is supported by the observed shifts in peak maxima, peak broadening, and the higher atomization temperatures that have to be applied in these tubes. For elements forming stable carbides, these effects can be enhanced by chemical reactions with the tube material.
Enteric Astroglia and Noradrenergic/Purinergic Signaling

Abstract Reflexive behavior of the intestine is under the direct control of the enteric nervous system, an extensive network of neurons and glial cells embedded in the gut wall. While the basic neuronal circuitry underlying local reflexes is firmly established, the active role of enteric glia, traditionally recognized as neuron supportive cells, in this process emerged only recently. Neuronal control of the gut function is an integrated system involving reflex loops at several different levels, including local/intrinsic enteric reflexes as well as those that involve an extrinsic input from sympathetic ganglia; the latter, abundantly and directly innervate both the enteric neurons and glia. We summarize the evidence for innervation of enteric glial cells and integrate current understanding of their associated roles in regulation of the gut motility in health and disease.
An update on high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in adults with recurrent embryonal tumors of the central nervous system.

2043 Background: Recurrent embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults are rare and have a poor prognosis. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (HDC...
Fournier's Gangrene Masking as Perineal and Scrotal Cellulitis

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a very serious and life threatening emergency. FG is a polymicrobial subset of necrotizing fasciitis affecting the genital region. Most cases have a perianal or colorectal focus; less often the gangrene originates from the urogenital tract or is preceded by trauma or a surgical procedure. FG is a surgical emergency that requires early intervention. Therefore, early recognition by emergency physicians is imperative. The diagnosis of FG during its early stages is often challenging and misdiagnosis is common. If FG is suspected, emergency department management should always include antimicrobial treatment with parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics, aggressive hemodynamic stabilization and surgical consultation. We report a case of FG in an elderly male with no major risk factors, who presented with right groin and perineal pain that was initially diagnosed as scrotal cellulitis. He was later diagnosed with FG and subsequently developed multi-organ failure, required multiple surgical debridements, and was later transferred to a long-term care facility with poor prognosis. This case is important because it calls attention to the challenges of diagnosing this potentially fatal disease. Emergency physicians must recognize the symptoms of FG because early diagnosis can improve outcomes.
Nanoscale Studies of the Chemistry of a Rene N6 Superalloy

Atom-probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM) is used to study partitioning of the alloying elements between the γ (FCC) and γ′ (L12) phases and their segregation behavior at γ/γ′ interfaces of a Rene N6 nickel-based superalloy. The atomic-scale resolution and real space reconstruction capability for elemental chemical mapping makes three-dimensional atom-probe microscopy especially suitable for subnanoscale investigations of complex multicomponent superalloys. Concentration profiles of this alloy, obtained from an atom probe analysis, reveal the partitioning behavior of the alloying elements in Rene N6. As anticipated, the matrix strengtheners, such as Mo and W, are partitioned to the γ (FCC) matrix, while Re segregates at the γ/γ′ interfaces; the Gibbsian interfacial excess of Re is determined by both one-dimensional (2.32 atoms nm−2) and three-dimensional atom-probe microscopies (3.92 atoms nm−2) and the values obtained are in reasonable agreement.
Principle of cold-adaptation in the derivation of live attenuated respiratory virus vaccines

Adaptation of selected human respiratory viruses to grow at suboptimal temperatures has provided a valuable tool for use in the development of live respiratory virus vaccines in man. The early report that live influenza virus vaccines can be made suitable for administration to children and young adults by passage at 25°C, stimulated our interest in deterring whether cold-adaptation can be used regularly to obtain attenuated vaccines that were well tolerated by and immunogenic for humans of all ages.1,2 This chapter describes the development, characterization and evaluation of the cold-adapted respiratory viruses in animals and also in limited testing in man.
Plasma codeine and morphine concentrations after therapeutic oral doses of codeine-containing analgesics

Plasma concentrations of codeine and morphine were determined by specific radioimmunoassays in healthy human subjects at various times following oral administration of analgesic preparations containing therapeutic doses of codeine phosphate. Following administration of codeine phosphate (60 mg) in combination with aspirin (650 mg) or acetaminophen (600 mg) to two separate groups, mean peak codeine plasma concentrations and beta-phase elimination half-lives were 159 ng/ml and 2.9 hr or 138 ng/ml and 2.4 hr, respectively. Mean maximum concentrations of metabolically produced morphine were 6.8 ng/ml (aspirin-codeine phosphate administration) and 7.4 ng/ml (acetaminophen-codeine phosphate). Following drug administration, the mean ratio of the areas under the respective plasma concentration-time curves for morphine and codeine was 0.095 for the aspirin-codeine phosphate study and 0.12 for the acetaminophen-codeine phosphate study. Thus, free morphine represented about 10% of the free codeine area in each case. These results support the hypothesis that metabolically produced morphine may influence or be responsible for the analgesic efficacy of codeine.
Introducing Computational Thinking Through Spreadsheets

The chapter includes a brief discussion of computational thinking as complementary and additional to the classical triad of reading, writing, and arithmetic (mathematics) for early childhood education. It visits the philosophical questions of “what is the purpose of education” and “what is computational thinking?” Numerous initiatives are currently in place that present computing technology in one form or another for young children. Most are pilot programs dealing with one form or another of learning computer code and often in a collaborative environment. Several of these approaches are considered. Learning to code is a clear asset. At least that is the consensus among computer scientists and computer engineers. The value of spreadsheets for logical construction and visibility of details is largely overlooked. The distinctive feature of this chapter is that it argues for early introduction of spreadsheets as an integral part of already existing approaches to arithmetic (mathematics), and science, but not to the exclusion of coding. Practical spreadsheet examples are included. These demonstrate problem visibility, ease of graphical results, and how easy it is to create extensions and innovations. Significant features inherent in problem-solving include identifying a mathematical model even for simple problems and delineating a state vector (problem parameters).
Reporting to the Sage: Military Monuments in the Imperial Academy in Qing China

This article presents a study of a unique kind of commemorative stele erected by Qing emperors in the Imperial Academy—the symbol of Confucian culture and civilian education—and also replicated in schools across China. Before the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Chinese rulers did not install military monuments at the academy. In this article, I argue that the Qing emperors erected war monuments in the Imperial Academy to justify and commemorate their wars of conquest. As the emperors required the stelae to be replicated at some of the local schools across China, they became widely accessible to the public. However, the Qing emperors, particularly the Qianlong emperor, were concerned that the stelae could become symbols of abusive warfare, thereby undermining their claims to rule in accordance with Confucian ideals. For this reason, they carefully selected the campaigns to commemorate and ensured that inscriptions on the stelae explained that they had no choice but to embark on war in these instances.
Atheism and Politics: The Charles Bradlaugh Imbroglio

Gladstone faced a significant political challenge when the avowed atheist Charles Bradlaugh was elected in 1880 to the House of Commons. He was removed and banned from Parliament when he attempted to affirm rather than swear an oath before God and Queen. Gladstone attempted unsuccessfully to solve the crisis with an Affirmation Bill in 1883 that would allow Bradlaugh to take his seat without swearing an oath. In the process, the statesman became a symbol for many Americans, Catholics excepted, of political and religious liberty. Most significantly, Peterson demonstrates how a unity of thought and purpose existed between Americans and Gladstone. There existed a shared social and religious conservatism sufficiently tempered by liberal democratic principles to afford civil rights to a person deemed outside the boundaries of respectable society.
The Evolution of Mammography Controversy in the News Media: A Content Analysis of Four Publicized Screening Recommendations, 2009 to 2016.

Abstract Background There is longstanding expert disagreement about the age at and frequency with which women should be screened for breast cancer. These debates are reflected in the conflicting recommendations about mammography issued by major professional organizations, such as the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the American Cancer Society. Previous research has shown that these recommendations garner substantial media attention—and therefore might affect women's screening perceptions and behaviors—but to date analyses of such media coverage have focused on single publicized announcements. Methods To assess whether media coverage of mammography screening recommendations has evolved, we conducted a content analysis of televised news from four discrete media events from 2009 to 2016, all of which focused on publicized screening recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and American Cancer Society (N = 364 stories). Results Media coverage of mammography screening recommendations has featured persistent messages of conflict and/or controversy over time. The evolution of controversy was also reflected in shifts in the relative attention given to mammography screening's risks and benefits, with consistent and, in some cases, heightened attention to screening's risks during more recent media events. Overall, the accuracy of media coverage improved over time. Conclusions Results underscore the continued prevalence of conflicting and/or controversial information about mammography screening in the public information environment. Cumulative exposure to such messages could influence women's decision making around screening and trust in cancer prevention recommendations. Strategies are needed to better equip all women (and particularly underserved women) to negotiate mammography controversy and weigh the benefits and risks of screening.
A Machine Learning Resistant Strong PUF using Subthreshold Voltage Divider Array in 65nm CMOS

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are extensively used in hardware security blocks as key-generators and light-weight authentication. With recent advances in machine learning (ML), most existing PUFs are shown to be vulnerable to modeling attacks based on ML algorithms. We present a novel silicon strong PUF architecture that cascades three strong PUFs to implement a single strong PUF that is resistant to ML based modeling attacks. Designed in 65nm CMOS technology, the proposed PUF with 260 challenge response pairs consume 0.43pJ/bit energy consumption from a power supply of 0.8V. The simulated inter-HD and intra-HD of the PUF are 0.5065 and 0.0696 respectively. When subjected to ML based modeling attacks, the prediction accuracy is 60% for logistic regression, artificial neural networking and support vector machine with nonlinear RBF kernel.
Musculoskeletal US in Pediatrics: Physics and Techniques

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) represents an imaging tool particularly suited in pediatrics due to several advantages over other imaging modalities. In the past decades, the developments in transducer technology and advances in the quality and presentation of MSUS images particularly favored knowledge and new insights in the appearance of joints at different developmental ages. The awareness on the underlying physics and the use of appropriate technique specific for the musculoskeletal assessment in children and adolescents are fundamental for the correct acquisition and interpretation on MSUS findings. The present chapter will present the basic physical concepts, techniques, and main pitfalls in the use of MSUS.
Interpersonal impressions of a social robot versus human in the context of performance evaluations

Extending previous research on the Computers Are Social Actors paradigm and the human-to-human interaction script, this study examines the interpersonal impressions of a social robot evaluator vers...
Factors that predict passengers willingness to fly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background Prior research has examined consumer willingness to fly in a variety of situations, including during disease outbreaks. However, to date, no study that we know of has identified what type of person is willing to fly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Six hundred and thirty-two participants from the United States were asked to complete a survey designed to capture demographics, personality measures, emotional states and travel purposes. The data were collected in two stages in order to both develop a descriptive regression equation and a predictive model. Results Regression equations were created for both business and pleasure travel, and the following predictors were significant for both scenarios: perceived threat from COVID-19, agreeableness, affect, and fear. These models accounted for 66–67% of the variance in willingness to fly. Conclusion Airlines and governments could use these findings to help control the message to potential passengers on actions being taken to provide a safe flying experience, such as mask wearing policies and aircraft disinfectant procedures.
An Evaluation of the Potential Efficacy and Feasibility of the Resilience Education Program: A Tier 2 Internalizing Intervention

This study examined the feasibility and potential efficacy of the Resilience Education Program (REP), a Tier 2 school-based internalizing intervention. REP represents a hybrid intervention approach, incorporating both small-group cognitive-behavioral instruction and a check-in/check-out reinforcement-based mentorship program. A randomized controlled trial research design was employed, in which students (grades 4–7) were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 21) or waitlist control (n = 17) groups. Given the early phase of REP research, the trial was underpowered but capable of generating unbiased effect size estimates that could inform subsequent fully powered efficacy trials. Outcomes of interest included student internalizing concerns (as reported by teacher and self-report measures) and the change mechanisms by which REP was theorized to influence internalizing concerns (i.e., emotional control and social support). Primary MANCOVA findings indicated that although non-statistically significant, between-group differences in youth self-reported and teacher-reported internalizing concerns corresponded to large effect sizes (ηp2 = .15–.19). A follow-up MANCOVA inclusive of change mechanism variables was also non-statistically significant, but representative of a large effect (ηp2 = .38). Following trial completion, REP implementers positively rated the acceptability of the REP intervention as a Tier 2 intervention for addressing internalizing concerns in the school setting.
The Implications of Rating Systems on Workforce Performance

Enhancing workforce performance is the key to success for professional firms. Firms often evaluate workers based on their performance compared with their peers or against an objective standard. Whi...
Lighthouse Engineering As Displayed At The Centennial Exhibition

As Chairman of Sub-committee on Lighthouses and Signals, organized for the object of aiding “in a proper representation of American engineering progress and practice at the Centennial Exposition, i...
Noam Chomsky and Cartesian Linguistics

Both Descartes and Chomsky share a magnificent set of talents, one of which is the capacity for strong statements of opinions counter to contemporary scientific and philosophical paradigms. The result is that both had a talent for being embroiled in controversies. Throughout his life Descartes was dogged with controversies (see Appendix) and thirteen years after his death the Congregation de l’Index (on November 20, 1663) condemned his Meditations. Similarly, Chomsky has a flair for polemics, and his Cartesian Linguistics has precipitated a mild controversy about the facts and interpretations of seventeenth-century philosophy, linguistics, and by implication, cognitive psychology in the general rationalistic and empiricistic traditions. The opening quotations indicate the basic Chomsky interpretation of Cartesian linguistics, a strong negative reaction by Hans Aarsleff, a moderating comment by Father John W. M. Verhaar, and my general evaluation of the issues involved.
《殖民主义与共产主义— 香港与澳门的文化大革命》 (‘Between Colonials and Communists: The Cultural Revolution in Macau and Hong Kong’

摘要：本文探讨了1966-1967年在香港和澳门发生的一系列反对当地殖民政府的示威游行、暴乱和联合抵制事件以及四十多年后这些事件亲历者对事件的评价。作者采用社会调查和口述历史的方法探索事件的亲历者，尤其是澳门事件的亲历者心中对这些事件的记忆。这些记忆拓现出当时的事件及其后的影响并非是简单的阶级、种族和政治派别的冲突，而是一个复杂的历史转折点，因为这些事件不仅导致了港澳两地殖民统治的改革，同时也是“香港和澳门居民当今的集体自我意识，包括香港与澳门居民彼此之间以及他们与中国大陆居民之间集体自我意识相当可观的差别”的来源。受访者不同的描述和所得到的意想不到的结论，以及受访者的沉默和欲言又止，都使我们平时所理解的殖民主义、主权、合法性和个人概念复杂化了。这些复杂化性不能被看作是权力的丧失，也不能看作是对外国特权的维护。他们可以让我们更好地理解人们对殖民统治和反殖民统治斗争经历的集体记忆是如何有力地导致中国人的不同，不仅是殖民地内中国人的不同，也包括不同殖民地之间中国人的不同。 关键词：香港 澳门 文化大革命 暴乱 殖民主义 主权 一二三事件
What’s up? Preservation of gravitational direction in the Larkman Nunatak 06299 LL impact melt breccia

Abstract– Larkman Nunatak (LAR) 06299 is a vesicular LL chondrite impact melt breccia that cooled rapidly (0.1–0.3 °C s−1) during crystallization. Ar-Ar data from the literature indicate that the impact event that formed this rock occurred approximately 1 Ga ago. About 30 vol% of the meteorite consists of a melt matrix containing faceted and intergrown mafic silicate grains (mainly 4–11 μm size olivine phenocrysts) partially to completely surrounded by 2–20 μm size patches of plagioclase. Suspended in the melt are 30–370 μm size ellipsoidal to spheroidal metal-sulfide nodules (several hundred per thin section), many connected to 8–600 μm size ellipsoidal to spheroidal vesicles. Most of the metal-sulfide nodules contain a large oblate metallic Fe-Ni bleb at one end of the nodule. For approximately 90% of the nodules, the metal blebs are aligned on the same side of the nodules; for approximately 80% of the nodules that are adjacent to vesicles, the vesicles are attached to the opposite end of the nodules from the oblate metal blebs. Most of the oblate metal blebs themselves are flattened in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of the nodule/vesicle. These features result from alignment in the gravitational field on the LL parent asteroid, making LAR 06299 the first known chondrite to indicate gravitational direction. Using reasonable estimates of the cooling rate, viscosity of the metal-sulfide melt, and asteroid density, as well as the observed sizes of constituent phases in LAR 06299, we obtain a lower limit of approximately 1.5 km for the radius of the LAR 06299 parent body. The body was probably substantially larger.
Privatization of U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps: A survey

Abstract Topographic mapping is a long-established government activity. Libraries have been receiving maps from the United States Geological Survey for over 90 years; recently this and other map depository arrangements with federal mapping agencies have been consolidated into the Government Printing Office's library depository program. This long relationship could be jeopardized by an Interior Department proposal to privatize the mapmaking activities of the U.S. Geological Survey. This proposal is consistent with the philosophy prevailing during the Reagan administration that government should not compete with the private sector in the provision of products and services, including the publication of government information. Just as the cutback in government publications has negatively affected depository libraries in general, so the transfer of topographic mapping to private concerns could lead to the end of the depository arrangement, higher prices, copyright restrictions on users, with spotty coverage of areas and uncertain revision of maps due to variable demand.
Remembrance of Things Past: A History of the Socratic Method in the United States

The Socratic method is a common touchstone in conversations about classroom pedagogy, widely believed to enhance student engagement and promote critical thinking. Understood as the historical inheritance of antiquity, the method is generally accepted by teachers, administrators, and scholars as a legitimate approach to instruction.As this article reveals, however, the Socratic method was not passed down from ancient Athens across continents and millennia. Instead, it was re‐created and reimagined by different groups of educators who were less concerned with establishing a consistent and specific meaning for the method than they were with using it to advance their own distinct agendas. Thus, while the Socratic method is commonly perceived as both identifiable and ancient, it is in reality a vaguely defined and relatively modern pedagogical concept—a fact that should give pause to educators presuming to employ it.
Cross‐Linguistic Lexical, Grammatical, and Discourse Performance on Oral Narrative Retells Among Young Spanish Speakers

This study investigated relations among microlevel and macrolevel domains of oral narrative retells within and across the languages of Spanish-speaking bilingual children. Fifty-six first and second graders (Mage = 7 years, 3 months) were assessed on a retell task in Spanish and English. Two statistical analyses were conducted: (a) correlations within and across microlevel lexical (number of different words) and grammatical (mean length of utterance-word and subordination index) domains and (b) hierarchical regression to determine the influence of microlevel domains on a macrolevel discourse score. Results highlighted a number of significant within- and cross-language correlations, and identified vocabulary as a significant predictor of macrolevel discourse scores within both languages, while grammar was a predictor within English only.
Tactus, Mensuration and Rhythm in Renaissance Music

Introduction Part I. Theory: 1. Sources of information 2. Principles of mensural notation 3. Definitions and descriptions of Tactus 4. Tactus and rhythm 5. Tactus and signs in fifteenth-century music theory 6. Tactus and signs in sixteenth-century music theory 7. Tactus and tempo Part II. Practice: 8. The songs of Du Fay 9. The L'homme arme masses of Ockeghem, Busnoys, and Josquin 10. The five- and six-voice motets of Josquin 11. The Choralis Constantinus of Isaac 12. The masses of Palestrina 13. The madrigals of Rore 14. Popular songs and dances Conclusion.
Targeted Human Development Programs: Investing in the Next Generation

Targeted Human Development Programs (THDPs) are integrated poverty reduction programs designed to increase the capacity of the poor to accumulate human capital. The programs are directed primarily to poor and vulnerable families with pre-school and school-age children. Their main long-term objective is to eradicate the structural causes of poverty by fostering investment in the next generation's human capital. A secondary objective is to alleviate poverty in the short term, mainly through monetary transfers. This report sets out the motivation for implementing THDPs and step-by-step instructions for design and implementation. It describes the implementation of impact evaluation mechanisms and results that can be expected and offers a list of appropriate country conditions for a THDP. A model logical framework for a THDP operation is presented in the Annex of this report.
The Uses and Gratifications of Media Migration: Investigating the Activities, Motivations, and Predictors of Migration Behaviors Originating in Entertainment Television

Increasingly, media consumers follow entertainment across media; migrating from one medium to the next seeking to fulfill different needs. Using survey methods (N = 444), this exploratory research examines the underlying elements of media migration by studying the uses and gratifications of migration behavior. Specifically, findings of this survey identify migration activities, motivations, and predictors of migration. Results suggest that several of the top migration activities are strongly tied to Internet use. Findings indicate that media migration is motivated by different needs, including entertainment, escape, enlightenment, and more content-congruent exposure. Finally, amidst various predictors, the need for content-congruent exposure emerged as a strong predictor of migration.
Sexual dimorphism and testosterone responsiveness in hypaxial muscles of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens

Abdominal hypaxial muscles of male anurans function in vocalization by causing forcible expulsion of pulmonary air through the larynx. The hypaxial muscles were studied in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, to test whether functions of these muscles in males are reflected in sexual dimorphism and in androgen responsiveness. The combined abdominal oblique muscles and the rectus abdominis showed significant sexual dimorphism in wet mass and dry mass. However, the abdominal oblique muscles were less concentrated in protein content in males than in females. In overwintering males, exogenous testosterone cypionate stimulated a significant increase in mass and protein content of the abdominal oblique and rectus abdominis muscles. Castration had no effect on muscle mass or on the response to androgen treatment.
Simulation and optimization of porous gas-diffusion electrodes used in hydrogen oxygen phosphoric acid fuel cells. II, Development of a detailed anode model

Abstract A detailed model has been formulated for porous gas-diffusion electrodes which are used as anodes in the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC). This model development parallels previous efforts in the fundamental modelling of the PAFC cathode. The resulting anode model incorporates the elementary steps and fundamental electrochemical rate processes which occur during the platinum catalyzed hydrogen oxidation in the presence of carbon monoxide and includes the various transport processes which arise in porous gas diffusion cathodes. The formulated anode model is presented as a system of equations which can be solved by numerical methods to allow simulation and correlation of fuel cell anode performance.
Concerning ionizing radiation-induced cancer from internally deposited radionuclides

Purpose: A comparative evaluation was conducted of ionizing radiation-induced cancer from internally deposited radionuclides.Materials and methods: Data were evaluated for humans for 226Ra, and for laboratory animal studies for alpha-emitters 228Ra, 226Ra, 224Ra, 238Pu, 239Pu, 228Th, 252Cf, 249Cf, and 241Am, and for beta-emitters 90Sr, 90Y, 91Y, and 144Ce. Intake routes included ingestion, inhalation, and injection.Results: Cancer risk associated with protracted ionizing radiation exposure is a non-linear function of lifetime average dose rate to the affected tissues. The lifetime effects are best described by three-dimensional average-dose-rate/time/response surfaces that compete with other causes of death during an individual's lifetime. At the higher average dose rates the principal deleterious effects are those associated with radiation-induced injury, while at intermediate average dose rates radiation-induced cancer predominates.Conclusions: The cumulative radiation dose is neither an accurate nor an...
Confidence in the Police: Where does Taiwan Rank in the World?

The study of public opinion toward the police in Taiwan has not, heretofore, included comparative research. The current study fills this void in the literature by analyzing the data from the World Values Surveys. It was found that Taiwanese confidence in the police was reasonably good for a society experiencing democratic transition. Although lower than many more mature democratic societies such as Finland and the USA, confidence in the police is among the top one-third of fifty countries and is significantly higher than those found in other Asian and European countries that also experienced democratic transition. Further regression analyses of data from the Philippines, South Korea and Taiwan indicated that the differences between those three countries are substantive and cannot be explained away after the demographic social and attitudinal variables have been controlled.
Fibrillin-1 protein in tight skin mice and scleroderma.

Scleroderma (SSc) is a complex and clinically heterogenous disease of unknown origin, in which both genetic and environmental factors appear to be implicated. In addition to skin, other internal organs, including lung, heart, intestine, and kidney, can be affected. Vascular injuries represent one of the earliest events in SSc, which is followed by proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive production of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) leading to fibrosis, the end point of disease. SSc is also associated with alteration of microfibrils in which fibrillin (Fbn-1) is a major component. The overproduction of ECM proteins is related to an increased expression of genes encoding ECM proteins such as collagen type I, III, V, VI, fibronectin fibrillin, tenascin, and osteonectin. The synthesis of glycoaminoglycans is also increased (1). SSc is associated with autoimmunity as illustrated by infiltration of afflicted organs with lymphocytes and macrophages in the early inflammatory phase, (2) increased levels of cytokines (3), and autoantibodies mainly specific for nuclear antigens (4). Experimental models of human diseases particularly genetic ones related to a single gene defect represented excellent biological tools to study the pathogenesis of human diseases. In the case of SSc, the tight skin (TSK) murine mutant strain represents the best animal model and has been the most extensively investigated. Mice develop a scleroderma-like syndrome, resembling human scleroderma (4) and congenital fascial dystrophy (5). Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology © Copyright 2000 by Humana Press Inc. 1080–0549/00/119–126 $12.00
Planetary dynamos: from equipartition to asymptopia

This review focuses on three topics relevant to naturally-occurring dynamos. The first considers how a common belief, that states of equipartition of magnetic and kinetic energy are preferred in nonrotating systems, is modified when Coriolis forces are influential, as in the Earth's core. The second reviews current difficulties faced by planetary and stellar dynamo theories, particularly in representing the sub-grid scales. The third discusses recent attempts to extract scaling laws from numerical integrations of the Boussinesq dynamo equations.
Relationship of solution and protein-bound structures of DNA duplexes with the major intrastrand cross-link lesions formed on cisplatin binding to DNA.

DNA bases in the three-base-pair (3bp) region of duplexes with the two major lesions of cisplatin (cis-PtCl2(NH3)2) with DNA, namely d(XG*G*) and d(XA*G*) (* = N7-platinated base), differ in their ...
Recreational Amenities, Rural Migration Patterns, and the Great Recession

Natural and recreational amenities have played an important role in drawing migrants to rural areas in the USA over the past 40 years. However, less is known about the independent role of desirable recreational amenities in recent migration patterns, whether these patterns vary by age, and how the most recent economic recession affected them. I find that counties with desirable recreational amenities experienced net in-migration from 2000 to 2010 regardless of other county-level attributes, although the direction and magnitude of the effect varied when taking the age group of migrants into account. The recreation status of a county was a predictor of out-migration among emerging adults and in-migration for all other age groups. The Great Recession had a significant impact on migration trends in rural areas, including reducing the effect of recreational amenities in migration. These findings highlight the importance of refining the definition of “amenities,” how broader economic trends impact growth patterns in rural places, and the age-specific nature of the amenity migration trend. Knowledge about the current drivers of population patterns in rural places can help stakeholders better plan for future population trends and accommodate new or existing residents in rural recreation destinations. This study builds on existing amenity growth literature by providing a more contextual analysis of this demographic trend.
Imaging challenges: a US perspective on controlling exposure to ionizing radiation in children with cancer.

Issues pertaining to control of radiation dose exposures in pediatric imaging are on the forefront of patient care worldwide. Certain factors contribute to appropriate-or inappropriate-use of ionizing radiation in pediatric medical imaging. Such issues include naivete regarding cancer risk and the role of medical imaging in its development, misinformation about exposure to ionizing radiation, resource availability, staffing, scheduling "snags," costs, limited evidence-based imaging practice information and shrinking funding. These issues will be introduced in this paper.
Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in GMSM-K, HSC-3 and H413 oral epithelial cells

Infection of oral epithelial cells with periodontopathogenic bacteria results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by oral epithelial cells after exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Non-tumor-derived, immortalized human GMSM-K cells, and human oral squamous cell carcinoma, HSC-3 and H413 cells, were co-cultured with live and heat-inactivated P. gingivalis 2561 (ATCC 33277) and W83 (ATCC BAA-308™). IL-6 and IL-8 were quantified in the culture supernatants after 6 and 24 h. The basal levels of both cytokines and the responses to P. gingivalis were strongly dependent on cell type. GMSM-K cells produced less IL-8 than HSC-3 and H413 cells. Live P. gingivalis induced significant IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in GMSM-K and HSC-3 cells, and heat-inactivation of bacteria enhanced greatly IL-6 and IL-8 stimulation in these cells. Uninfected H413 cells produced high levels of IL-6 and IL-8, but were not responsive to live P. gingivalis; heat-inactivated P. gingivalis up-regulated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in these cells. Since base-line secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, and responses to P. gingivalis depend on the cell type, conclusions on the responses to P. gingivalis should not be based on studies with a single cell type.