cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Human Mutant Tau Prion Formation in the Brains of 2 Transgenic Mouse Lines.

Importance:Accumulation of the protein tau is a defining characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases. Thorough assessment of transgenic (Tg) mouse lines that replicate this process is critical for establishing the models used for testing anti-tau therapeutics in vivo. Objective:To define a consistent mouse model of disease for use in future compound efficacy studies. Design, Setting, and Participants:In this time course study, cohorts of Tg and control mice were euthanized at defined intervals. Collected brains were bisected down the midline. One half was frozen and used to measure the tau prion content, while the other half was fixed for immunostaining with anti-tau antibodies. All mice were maintained at the Hunters Point Animal Facility at the University of California, San Francisco, and all experiments were performed at the Mission Bay Campus of the University of California, San Francisco. Study animals were PS19, homozygous and hemizygous Tg(MAPT*P301S), and B6/J mice. The study dates were August 9, 2010, to October 3, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures:Tau prions were measured using a cell-based assay. Neuropathology was measured by determining the percentage area positive for immunostaining in defined brain regions. A separate cohort of mice was aged until each mouse developed neurological signs as determined by trained animal technicians to assess mortality. Results:A total of 1035 mice were used in this time course study. These included PS19 mice (51.2% [126 of 246] male and 48.8% [120 of 246] female), Tg(MAPT*P301S+/+) mice (52.3% [216 of 413] male, 43.8% [181 of 413] female, and 3.9% [16 of 413] undetermined), Tg(MAPT*P301S+/-) mice (51.8% [101 of 195] male and 48.2% [94 of 195] female), and B6/J mice (49.7% [90 of 181] male and 50.3% [91 of 181] female). While considerable interanimal variability in neuropathology, disease onset, and tau prion formation in the PS19 mice was observed, all 3 measures of disease were more uniform in the Tg(MAPT*P301S+/+) mice. Comparing tau prion formation in Tg(MAPT*P301S+/+) mice with B6/J controls, the 95% CIs for the 2 mouse lines diverged before age 5 weeks, and significant (P < .05) neuropathology in the hindbrain of 24-week-old mice was quantifiable. Conclusions and Relevance:The assessment of disease progression using 3 criteria showed that disease onset in PS19 mice is too variable to obtain reliable measurements for drug discovery research. However, the reproducibility of tau prion formation in young Tg(MAPT*P301S+/+) mice establishes a rapid assay for compound efficacy in vivo.
MYOCARDIAL BRIDGE MUSCLE INDEX (MMI): A MARKER OF DISEASE SEVERITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND SYMPTOMATIC OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA AND A HEMODYNAMICALLY SIGNIFICANT MYOCARDIAL BRIDGE

Myocardial bridge (MB) muscle index (MMI), the product of MB depth x length, is suggestive of severity of an MB. MBs are also associated with endothelial dysfunction. We studied the relationship of MMI with endothelial function, and its effect on symptomatic outcome in patients undergoing surgical
Validity of self-reported periodontal measures, demographic characteristics, and systemic medical conditions.

BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to assess self-reported periodontal screening questions, demographic characteristics, systemic medical conditions, and tobacco use for predicting periodontal disease among individuals seeking dental therapy in a university dental clinic. METHODS In this retrospective study, a total of 4,890 randomly selected dental charts were evaluated from among patients who had attended the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry clinics for treatment. Radiographic bone loss measurements were used to assess the severity of periodontal disease. Demographic characteristics as well as medical history of the patients were also recorded. Five self-reported periodontal screening questions were included, with answers limited to Yes/No. Generalized logit models were used to assess the association between bone loss and the predictors. RESULTS The sample's mean age was 54.1 years and included 52.6% males and 14.9% smokers, with a mean of 3.5 missing teeth. Self-reported tooth mobility, history of "gum treatment," and the importance of retaining teeth as well as age, tobacco use, and cancer were statistically significant predictors (P < 0.05) of a radiographic diagnosis of moderate and severe periodontal disease. With respect to severe periodontal disease, significant associations (P < 0.05) were also found with "bleeding while brushing," gender, diabetes, anxiety, and arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported periodontal screening questions as well as demographic characteristics, smoking, and systemic medical conditions were significant predictors of periodontal disease, and they could be used as valid, economic, and practical measures.
Consequences of Hedonic Well-Being, Life Satisfaction, and Eudaimonia

An impressive body of work shows that happy people function better in life than less happy people; they are more productive and socially engaged, and they have higher incomes. Happy people are healthier than unhappy people. Much of this work is summarized in several literature reviews (e.g., Diener, 2000; Judge, Thoreson, Bono, & Patton, 2000; Kesebir & Diener, 2009; Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005; Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, & Schakade, 2005). This chapter summarizes much of this evidence and addresses the adaptive significance of happiness using evolutionary psychology.
Muscarinic receptor antagonists: effects on pulmonary function

In healthy lungs, muscarinic receptors control smooth muscle tone, mucus secretion, vasodilation, and inflammation. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, cholinergic mechanisms contribute to increased bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion that limit airflow. This chapter reviews neuronal and nonneuronal sources of acetylcholine in the lung and the expression and role of M1, M2, and M3 muscarinic receptor subtypes in lung physiology. It also discusses the evidence for and against the role of parasympathetic nerves in asthma, and the current use and therapeutic potential of muscarinic receptor antagonists in COPD and asthma.
Theoretical estimation of silo design parameters for fractionated loblolly pine grinds – Moisture content and particle size effects

Abstract Bulk material handling operations are key operations in process industries such as biorefineries, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. To ensure a successful production operation, a consistent and reliable flow of the materials from storage vessels without dust generation and flow obstruction are required. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of particle size and moisture content on the theoretical estimation of silo design parameters for fractionated loblolly pine grinds. Loblolly pine grinds were fractionated into sizes using screen apertures: 1.40, 1.00, 0.71, 0.50, 0.25 mm and pan. The fractionated loblolly pine grinds were adjusted to the moisture level of 4.78%, 8.68%, 16.53%, 22.21% and 25.53% (w.b). There was a reduction in the hopper half angle with increase in moisture content and reduction in the fraction size. The hopper half angle also decreased with increase in angle of wall friction. The adjusted hopper outlet sizes varied between 1.20 and 28.56 mm. The wall normal and vertical pressure acting on the cylindrical section of the silo increased from 9.35 to 45.42 kPa and 15.34 to 48.91 kPa, respectively, with increase in fraction size and decrease in moisture content. The initial fill and flow induced pressures acting on the hopper section of the silo increased from 15.34 to 48.91 kPa and 24.71 to 78.79 kPa, respectively, with increase in fraction size and decrease in moisture content. Results of this study will be helpful in designing effective storage vessels and understanding the pressures exerted by stored biomass in the storage vessel.
Hideous Characters and Beautiful Pagans: Performing Jew ish Identity on the Antebellum American Stage by Heather S. Nathans (review)

Based on an astonishing amount of primary research, Heather Nathans’s Hideous Characters and Beautiful Pagans is the first book to bring to light the interplay between onstage and offstage represen...
Imaging in Patellofemoral Instability

Imaging in the setting of patellofemoral (PF) instability should begin with an adequate radiographic series including frontal, lateral, and axial projections. Potential predisposing factors such as trochlear or patellar dysplasias and patellar position should be assessed. Further evaluation with cross-sectional imaging by CT and MRI is helpful in providing measurements such as the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance and for soft tissue evaluation. MRI also allows for evaluation of sequela of recent or prior translational events of the PF joint, e.g., bone marrow contusions, location of disruption of the medial retinaculum and medial PF ligament (MPFL), extent of fractures, and the presence of osteochondral injury and fragments. The normal postoperative appearance after PF procedures requires knowledge of the normal pre-procedure anatomy and the surgical techniques performed on a particular patient. Proximal soft tissue realignment procedures include medial capsular plication, MPFL repair and reconstruction, lateral release, and trochleoplasty. Distal realignment procedures include a tibial tubercle osteotomy. Lastly, in the setting of chondral injury, various procedures may be performed for cartilage restoration, including pinning, chondral regeneration (e.g., autologous cartilage implantation), or osteochondral plugs.
AGEIST POLICIES - DISCRIMINATION AGAINST OLDER ADULTS: Session 303

Abstract In today's society, we are often confronted with many “isms,” but one of the few discussed is Ageism. Unknown to most people, there are many institutional policies and governmental regulations that are based on ageist assumptions that cognitive function necessarily declines with age such that older adults are considered to be less capable than younger adults. For example, when many people are living healthy lives for a longer period of time, does it still make sense to impose mandatory retirement based on age? This symposium will bring to light some of the existing ageist policies related to physicians, pilots and judges in order to educate those of us who care about advocating for older adults.
Autopsy of a reservoir: Facies architecture in a multidam system, Elwha River, Washington, USA

The 2011–2014 removal of two large dams on the Elwha River, Washington State, the largest dam removal yet completed globally, created extensive cutbank exposures of reservoir sediments, allowing the first characterization of the facies architecture of sediments through direct observation in reservoirs worldwide and providing an unparalleled opportunity to assess the relationship between environmental influences, such as changes in sediment supply, and their expression in the stratigraphic record. Using a combination of facies description from observation of 49 measured sections and >100 exposures and analysis of digital elevation models and historic aerial photographs, we delineated the characteristic depositional zones of each reservoir and mapped the evolution of the subaerial delta over the life span of the reservoir. Former Lake Mills, the younger, upstream reservoir, was characterized by a tripartite, subaerial Gilbert-style delta that prograded >1 km into the main reservoir from 1927 to 2011. Sediments were composed of coarse-grained topset beds, steeply dipping foreset beds, and a fine-grained, gently dipping prodelta. While individual event horizons were discernible in fine-grained sediments of former Lake Mills, their number and spacing did not correspond to known drawdown or flood events. Former Lake Aldwell, impounded from 1913 to 2011, was initially defined by the rapid progradation of a Gilbert-style, subaerial delta prior to the upstream completion of Glines Canyon Dam. However, the 1927 closure of Glines Canyon Dam upstream caused the delta to evolve to a fine-grained, mouth-bar–type delta indicative of low, finer-grained sediment. This evolution, combined with a previously unrecognized landslide deposit into the upper delta plain, suggests that understanding the exogenic influences on reservoir sedimentation is critical to interpretation and prediction of the sedimentation within individual systems.
Translanguaging for varying discourse functions in sociodramatic play: an exploratory multiple case study of young emergent bilinguals

This exploratory multiple case study investigated how preschool-age, Spanish-English emergent bilingual (EB) children with diverse language profiles leverage their discursive resources to engage wi...
GeoAI for Topographic Mapping Feature Extraction to Knowledge Graph

Abstract. The U.S Geological Survey is exploring the use of machine learning and geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) for topographic mapping tasks. These automated tasks include extracting topographic features such as hydrography, transportation, vegetation canopy, urban 3D structures, and others from raw data including lidar point clouds, color and near infrared images, historic topographic maps, and Web sources of existing geospatial resources. Current (2020) work includes extracting hydrography from elevation data, and geomorphic features with geographic names from historical topographical maps using Deep Learning. Extracted features are included in a geographic information system (GIS), supporting topographic mapping and modeling activities, and as semantic entities in a graph data model, building a knowledge graph for topographic data. These GIS datasets and topographic knowledge graphs can be used in automated topographic mapping processes and artificial intelligence routines that develop data for hydrologic, biologic, and geologic models that form part of the USGS EarthMap vision.
The Greatest Gift

John 3:16 stands at the heart of the Christian faith through God’s making the greatest gift — eternal life. This Article offers a legal analysis of the greatest gift in John 3:16 in the context of the law of gifts in property law. To constitute a gratuitous transfer of property rights, gift law requires three elements — donative intent, delivery, and acceptance. All first-year property law students know this law. Building on gift-law principles, this Article conducts a thought-provoking analysis of God’s donative intent and delivery of the greatest gift, satisfying the first two elements. The Article does not analyze the third element for a completed gift of eternal life. Instead, the Article leaves the analysis of acceptance to each individual reader.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF ORAL LICHENOID LESIONS

SUMMARY With the recognition of the marked degree of overlap of both the gross and microscopic appearances of the myriad lichenoid disorders, it is clear that presumptive clinical diagnoses (of LP) may often be imprecise and based on a mere facade that may be neither reliable nor adequate. Diagnoses predicated solely on clinical features are best rendered only in limited circumstances: that is, if biopsy is either impractical or proscribed or when classic bilateral lacelike lichenoid lesions are present and confined to buccal mucosa and adjacent, non-cancer-prone tissue sites. Distributional asymmetry or the presence of lesions on acknowledged sites of cancer predilection relegates the lesion in question to a more diagnostically tentative realm and hence necessitates biopsy. On histopathologic review, should observed findings fail to satisfy rigorous criteria for LP, that diagnosis is essentially eliminated and others must be considered.
Signals of primordial black holes at gravitational wave interferometers

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can form as a result of primordial scalar perturbations at small scales. This PBH formation scenario has associated gravitational wave (GW) signatures from second-order GWs induced by the primordial curvature perturbation, and from GWs produced during an early PBH dominated era. We investigate the ability of next generation GW experiments, including BBO, LISA, and CE, to probe this PBH formation scenario in a wide mass range (10 - 1e27 g). Measuring the stochastic GW background with GW observatories can constrain the allowed parameter space of PBHs including a previously unconstrained region where light PBHs (< 1e9 g) temporarily dominate the energy density of the universe before evaporating. We also show how PBH formation impacts the reach of GW observatories to the primordial power spectrum and provide constraints implied by existing PBH bounds.
Enzyme function is regulated by its localization

Display Omitted MurG membrane localization is determined by an amphipathic helix.Cardiolipin also plays a role in MurG localization to the membrane.Membrane localization correlates with MurG function in cells during sporulation. To better understand how enzyme localization affects enzyme activity we studied the cellular localization of the glycosyltransferase MurG, an enzyme necessary for cell wall synthesis at the spore during sporulation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. During sporulation MurG was gradually enriched to the membrane at the forespore and point mutations in a MurG helical domain disrupting its localization to the membrane caused severe sporulation defects, but did not affect localization nor caused detectable defects during exponential growth. We found that this localization is dependent on the phospholipid cardiolipin, as in strains where the cardiolipin-synthesizing genes were deleted, MurG levels were diminished at the forespore. Furthermore, in this cardiolipin-less strain, MurG localization during sporulation was rescued by external addition of purified cardiolipin. These results support localization as a critical factor in the regulation of proper enzyme function and catalysis.
Managers' Use of 'Pro Forma' Adjustments to Meet Strategic Earnings Benchmarks

The practice of reporting manager-adjusted 'pro forma' earnings numbers in quarterly earnings press releases has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Prior research suggests that while some managers report these adjusted numbers to better reflect core earnings, others may use these earnings adjustments to meet strategic earnings benchmarks on a pro forma basis when they fall short based on GAAP reporting standards. The difficulty lies in distinguishing the 'good guys' from the 'bad guys.' Using hand-collected pro forma earnings data, we investigate the extent to which different types of earnings adjustments affect the spread between pro forma earnings and GAAP earnings from continuing operations. Moreover, we investigate which types of adjustments managers use to meet strategic earnings benchmarks. In addition to the exclusion of one-time items like restructuring charges, the results indicate that managers often exclude recurring expenses such as research and development, depreciation, and stock-based compensation to meet these strategic benchmarks. The exclusion of recurring items is especially indicative of manager opportunism in pro forma reporting.
Subclinical ultrasonographic abnormalities of the suspensory ligament branch of the athletic horse: A survey of 60 Thoroughbred racehorses

Summary Reasons for performing study: Ultrasonographic (US) abnormalities of the suspensory ligament branch (SLB) have been poorly investigated but can have considerable impact on market value and career path when encountered in athletic horses. There is a need for determination of the prevalence and relationship to clinical injury of these US abnormalities in the Thoroughbred (TB) racehorse. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of, and the repeatability of an US grading system for, subclinical US abnormalities of the forelimb SLB in a population of UK TB flat racehorses. Methods: Ultrasonographic assessment of the forelimb SLBs of 60 TB racehorses free from history and clinical indication of SLB desmopathy in a single UK training yard was performed. Images were viewed independently by 2 blinded observers and graded for US abnormality. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Prevalence of horses with subclinical US abnormality of the forelimb SLB of moderate severity was 6.7%. Medial branches were overrepresented. Inter observer agreement was substantial for US grade (kappa = 0.743; 95% CI 0.652–0.834) and almost perfect for appearance of sesamoid bone at ligament insertion (kappa = 0.817; 95% CI 0.66–0.98). Conclusions: The study reveals that a proportion of TB racehorses in flat training free from history or clinical signs of SLB injury have US abnormalities that could negatively impact on market value and career path. Potential relevance: Clinicians should be aware that US abnormalities of the SLB may not always be related to clinical desmopathy. Further longitudinal studies are required to determine whether such findings are predictive for future injury.
Functional analysis of human tumor response to signal transduction inhibitors:Ex vivoanalysis of programmed cell death (EVA-PCD) in 1° culture microspheroids

Advances in cancer therapy increasingly reflect the application of genomics and proteomics to target tumor-specific phenomena. Several insights have accelerated this process including the primacy cell survival signals in carcinogenesis and drug resistance and the growing appreciation of tumor biology as contextual. Ex vivo analysis of programmed cell death (EVA/PCD™) addresses both issues by measuring metabolic and morphologic features of drug induced cell death (apoptotic and non-apoptotic) using native state 1° cultures isolated from surgical specimens and cytologically (+) fluids. The predictive validity of the EVA/PCD™ established for cytotoxics, e.g,. 2CDA in hairy cell leukemia; purine-alkylator synergy in NHL (Nagourney et al, B.J. Cancer, ‘93) and platin-gemcitabine activity/synergy in breast and gynecologic cancers (Nagourney et al, Deoxynucleoside analogs in cancer therapy, Humana Press, 2006) has led to this platforms current focus on signal transduction with a growing emphasis on NSCLC. A recent report in NSCLC provided an ORR of 62%, med TTP of 9.5 mos and med OS of 22.3 mos, including the identification of durable responders to EGFr-TKIs (Nagourney RA Proc ASCO, 2010). An EVA/PCD™ exploration of “vertical” and “horizontal” signal inhibition (Nagourney et al Proc AACR, 2010) favored “horizontal” strategies in NSCLC providing very durable clinical responses with dual EGFr/VEGFr and clinical response for dual EGFr/mTOR salvage following single agent EGFr-TKI failure. By expanding beyond current FDA-approved drugs into the new agents that target PI3K, AKT, TORC1&2, MEK/ERK and c-MET, the EVA/PCD™ can facilitate developmental therapeutics. Analyses are now examining the activity and synergy of EGFr-TKIs with VEGF, mTOR, MEK/ERK, PI3K, AKT and c-MET inhibitors in NSCLC and other diseases as will be reported. Supported in part by a research grant from Biophysica, Ltd, the Vanguard Cancer Foundation and The Nagourney Institute.
Mesosomes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract The use of a combination fixative-staining procedure has allowed a detailed observation of mesosomes in thin sections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Regional groundwater flow in an area mapped as continuous permafrost, NE Alaska (USA)

Fundamental knowledge of groundwater systems in areas of permafrost is often lacking. The likelihood of finding good quality groundwater resources of acceptable quantities generally decreases as the areal coverage of permafrost increases. In areas of continuous permafrost, the probability of finding areas of groundwater recharge and discharge are minimal. Still, in northeastern Alaska (USA), the presence of numerous springs and associated downstream aufeis formations clearly indicates that there has to be a groundwater system with the required complementary areas of groundwater recharge and transmission. Recharge zones and transmission pathways in this area of extensive permafrost, however, are essentially unknown. This study shows that the recharge occurs on the south side of the Brooks Range in northeastern Alaska, where extensive limestone outcrops are found. The transmission zone is beneath the permafrost, with discharge occurring through the springs via taliks through the permafrost (where faults are present) and also likely at the northern edge of the permafrost along the Beaufort Sea coast.
An Improved Autoregressive Spectral Estimation Method Using the Kalman Filter System Identification Technique

This paper presents an improved multichannel autoregressive spectral estimation method by smoothing the autoregressive (AR) model obtained by the least-squares technique. The smoothing is based on the relationship between a state-space model and an AR model of a stochastic sigal. The method starts with the classical least-squares estimation of an AR model of the signal, and then uses the Kalman filter system identification method to obtain a state-space model and the corresponding Kalman filter gain. The model and filter gain are in turn used to reconstruct a smoothed AR model, which is used to produce an improved spectral estimation. A numerical example is included to illustrate the feasibility of the method.
A Hierarchical Design Optimization Approach for Meeting Building Performance Targets

Abstract This paper builds on the premise that numerical optimization techniques can improve the decision-making process and structure the use of analysis tools in simulation-based building design. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the use of the numerical optimization paradigm for supporting consistency between multiple decisionmaking tasks in simulation-based design scenarios. As an outcome, a set of interrelated design-analysis tasks are posed in a multi-level, multidisciplinary, hierarchical design optimization framework called Analytic Target Cascading (ATC). This paper discusses how ATC functions through the thermal and HVAC design of one floor in a healthcare facility. This thermal and HVAC design problem is based on a survey of an existing healthcare unit and is therefore a realistic representation of a design consulting task. It includes zones that have varying functional requirements and different thermal conditions, and is sufficiently complex for demonstrating both the merits and l...
Planar tetracoordinate carbon strips in edge decorated graphene nanoribbon.

We predicted highly stable Cu-decorated zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) containing planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) strip(s). The computed electronic band structures suggest that the Cu-decorated ZGNRs are semiconducting. The Hirshfeld spin analysis suggests significant spin distribution at the edge ptC atoms. The two ptC strips are antiferromagnetically coupled, even though the edge Cu atoms do not exhibit significant magnetism. The stability of the multicenter ptC strip stems from both the highly delocalized π orbital of ZGNRs and nearly perfect match between Cu−Cu bonding geometries and carbon atoms at the ZGNR edges.
Interplanetary optical navigation - Voyager Uranus encounter

Optical observations were necessary during the Voyager II Uranus approach and encounter in order to meet mission navigational requirements. In this paper, the overall optical navigation system and operation at Uranus are outlined. The formulation of the optical observables are presented, as well as their subsequent integration into the overall orbit determination products. Optical data analysis and some resulting orbit determination results from Uranus are shown. Certain scientifically important results were natural outcomes of the optical data analysis, and these are also reviewed. Finally, certain optical navigation related problems are anticipated at the forthcoming Neptune encounter in 1989; these are briefly discussed as are plans to deal with them.
The Variation of Isometric Energy Rates With Muscle Length: A Distribution-Moment Model Analysis

The Distribution-Moment Model of skeletal muscle, which has been enhanced recently to make possible the calculation of chemical energy release (E) and heat production (H) rates [1], is applied to isometric muscle. Under steady-state isometric conditions the model predicts a simple relation between the energy rates and the muscle length, namely (E/Emax) = (H/Hmax) = [1 + B alpha(symbol see text)]/[1 + B], where (symbol see text) is the ratio of muscle length to the "optimal" length at which maximal isometric tension is produced, and alpha (symbol see text) is a function numerically equal to the ratio of the tetanic isometric force to its maximum value. The single dimensionless constant in this relation, B, can be calculated from model parameters characterizing muscle dynamics at the optimum length, and has a value near unity for frog sartorius at 0 degrees C. The predicted behavior is shown to agree reasonably well with experimental measurements of heat production and phosphocreatine (PCr) hydrolysis. The model relates the isometric energy rates to PCr hydrolysis in (1) cross-bridge interactions, and (2) calcium pumping into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Exploratory study of premenstrual symptoms and serotonin variability

Premenstrual symptoms can pose significant problems for a large number of women; this small exploratory study was designed to investigate biological markers that may provide etiological clues. Using an algorithm based on daily symptom charting for two months, 15 participants were assigned to one of three study groups: non-symptomatic (n = 9), probable PMS (n = 3) and probable PMDD (n = 3). During two overnight admissions, one prior to and one following the onset of menses, participants had blood drawn to assess the level of available serotonin via one of its metabolites, 5-HIAA. The three groups exhibited potentially significant differences in several biological markers. This study‘s results are consistent with a hypothesis implicating serotonin in the generation of premenstrual symptomology.
Two-dimensional electrophoresis of soybean root plasma membrane proteins solubilized by SDS and other detergents

Abstract Proteins solubilized from enriched soybean root plasma membrane with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and selected non-denaturing detergents (octyl-β- d -glucopyranoside, Zwittergent 312, Zwittergent 314, Zonyl FSK, and Nonidet P-40) were electrophoresed in two-dimensions by standard procedures. The basic electrophoretogram ‘fingerprint’ was similar for all detergents tested. However, differences in the total number of polypeptides resolved and the presence or absence of certain polypeptides on specific two-dimensional gels indicated some selectivity. Of all detergents tested, SDS solubilized the most polypeptides ( ca 95) and provided the best resolution. The other detergents solubilized 50–80 polypeptides with varying resolution. Of those tested, octyl-β- d -glucopyranoside consistently provided the best balance between the number of polypeptides resolved ( ca 70) and the level of resolution. The results suggest that selected detergents may prove useful in plant plasma membrane studies which require non-denaturing conditions.
The long-term effects of repeated amphetamine treatment in vivo on amphetamine, KCl and electrical stimulation evoked striatal dopamine release in vitro

Abstract Exposure to amphetamine (AMPH) in vivo produces an enduring enhancement (‘sensitization’) in AMPH-stimulated striatal DA release in vitro. Experiments were conducted to determine whether striatal DA release evoked by neuronal depolarization is altered by AMPH pretreatment in a similar manner. It was found that AMPH pretreatment produced a long-lasting (at least one week) enhancement in striatal DA release evoked by AMPH, KCl or electrical field stimulation. In contrast, the basal rate of DA efflux was not altered by pretreatment condition. A mechanism by which a single change in the intracellular distribution of DA could enhance both AMPH- and depolarization-induced DA release is proposed.
Tasquinimod: A Novel Angiogenesis Inhibitor–Development in Prostate Cancer

Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment has been revolutionized over the past few years by the approval of novel therapies including cabazitaxel, sipuleucel-T, abiraterone and enzalutamide. Though androgen deprivation and chemotherapy remain the main therapeutic approaches for this disease, a series of targeted agents is also in development for the treatment of CRPC. Tasquinimod is a quinolone-3-carboxamide with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in preclinical models of prostate cancer. A recent Phase II trial with this agent has demonstrated a significant clinical activity in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, chemotherapy-naive, CRPC patients. A confirmatory Phase III trial of tasquinimod in prostate cancer is underway. Because of its antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties tasquinimod represents a novel targeted therapy with a unique mechanism of action.
The steady state performance, magneto-acoustical response, and stability of flow in a hall MHD generator

Abstract The steady state performance, magneto-acoustical response, and temporal stability of a ring electrode Hall MHD generator of constant cross-sectional area and zero electrode ring slant angle are investigated numerically by means of a digital computer. The generator is shown to be stable under “stiff load” terminal conditions. The magneto-acoustical response is found to be relatively insensitive to changes in the steady state terminal current near open circuit conditions.
Controllability and optimization of neutral systems

A description of basic controllability results for control systems of linear differential-difference equations is given. Applications of these results to optimization theory are illustrated by a discussion of a quadratic optimal (minimum L2-norm) control problem, and an optimal time problem.
An experimental method for determining heat of physical adsorption

Abstract A new experimental method is presented for the measurement of the heat of physical adsorption of gases. The method involves thermal desorption of a gas from the solid sample in continuous flow sorptometer. The theoretical development postulates a dynamic equilibrium between adsorbed and free gas at all times during the thermal desorption, allowing calculation of heat of adsorption for a wide range of experimental conditions. The heat of adsorption is calculated from a single experimental run, and is therefore a simpler and quicker way of finding the heat of adsorption than traditional experimental methods. The heat of adsorption for a number of gas-solid systems has been determined, using simple Langmuir kinetics in the dynamic equilibrium model. The functional dependence of heat of adsorption on surface coverage has also been found from the experiments. The results show good agreement with the calorimetrically determined literature values.
Advances in bovine tuberculosis diagnosis and pathogenesis: What policy makers need to know

The mainstay of tuberculosis diagnosis in cattle and deer has been the tuberculin skin test. Recent advances have allowed the incorporation of blood based assays to the diagnostic arsenal for both cattle and deer. Use of defined and specific antigens has allowed for improved specificity of cell mediated assays in both cattle and deer and advances in antibody tests for tuberculosis have potential for use in free-ranging and captive cervid populations. Combined use of blood-based assays with skin testing will require further understanding of the effect of skin testing on the accuracy of blood based assays. Models of experimental infection of cattle have allowed for increased understanding of natural disease pathogenesis. Differences likely exist; however, between cattle and deer in both disease distribution and primary route of inoculation in naturally infected animals.
Liver transplantation in Taiwan: the Chang Gung experience

Between March 1984 and February 1991, six orthotopic liver transplantations were performed at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. The indications for transplantation were Wilson's disease (5 patients) and biliary atresia (1 patient). Donors and recipients were matched only for size and ABO blood group compatibility, and the recipient operations were performed without the use of a venovenous bypass. Arterial reconstruction was carried out by end-to-end hepatic artery anastomosis (4), thoracic aortic conduit (1), or interposition of an iliac artery graft (1), whereas biliary reconstruction was accomplished by a choledochocholedochostomy using a T-tube stent (4) or a choledochocholedochostomy using an external cholecystostomy without stenting (2). Biliary complications occurred in three patients, and all required additional surgery. The average duration of donor-liver cold ischemia, operating time, and blood loss during surgery were 7 h and 50 min (range, 4.5–9 h), 13.5 h (range, 11.8–17h), and 4,385 ml (range, 750–12,000 ml) respectively. The immunosuppressive regimens included a cyclosporinsteroid combination (n=2) and a triple-drug combination (n=4). All except one of the surviving patients experienced at least one rejection episode that was reversed by a methyl-prednisolone bolus and/or recycle. One patient developed a primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection that responded well to Ganciclovir treatment. Two of the patients died, one of injuries sustained in a traffic accident 3 years after transplantation, and the other of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The overall survival value at 3 months was 83%, and the follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 7 years. All of the survivors have achieved complete rehabilitation and currently enjoy an excellent quality of life with normal liver function. Althought the present study involved a small number of cases, our results indicate that liver transplantation can be successfully achieved in a high proportion of patients with acceptable morbidity, mortality, and cost in an Asian setting. The extreme shortage of donor organs is currently the most important obstacle limiting the application of liver transplantation in Taiwan.
Structure of peptides associated with MHC class I molecules

Recent progress in understanding the structures of MHC class I molecules and the peptides that they bind has led to a generalized model for peptide binding, and an understanding of allelic specificity. Prediction on the basis of motifs and new techniques for peptide analysis have recently resulted in the identification of several peptides that comprise epitopes for antigen-specific T cells.
Hypertension in Pregnancy Is a Risk Factor for Microalbuminuria Later in Life

The authors aimed to compare renal function by estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in 3 groups of women: nulliparous women, women with a history of normotensive pregnancies, and women with a history of at least one hypertensive pregnancy. Women who participated in the second Family Blood Pressure Program Study visit (2000–2004) and had serum creatinine and urine albumin measurements (n=3015) were categorized as having had no pregnancy lasting >6 months (n=341), having had only normotensive pregnancies (n=2199), or having had at least 1 pregnancy with hypertension (n=475) based on a standardized questionnaire. Women who reported having had at least one pregnancy with hypertension were significantly more likely to be hypertensive (75.6% vs 59.4%, P 25 mg/g) in those who reported at least one pregnancy with hypertension (odds ratio, 1.37; confidence interval, 1.02–1.85; P=.04) than in those with normotensive pregnancies, after adjusting for risk factors for chronic kidney and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of future microalbuminuria.
Interferometrically Controlled Ruling of Ten-Inch Diffraction Gratings*

Seven plane gratings of high quality having ruled widths of more than 10 in. have now been produced on the M.I.T. servo controlled ruling engine, monitored with interference fringes. Resolving powers closely approaching the theoretical 900 000 in the 12th order green, and above 1 200 000 in the 26th order of 2537 A, have been obtained with several gratings in a 40-ft spectrograph having 10-in. concave mirrors. The wave fronts produced by the gratings, ruled with 7442 grooves per in. in some cases and 300 grooves per mm in others, have been studied with a large Michelson-Twyman interferometer at angles of incidence and reflection having sums up to 150°, in accordance with the method described by Stroke. Ghost and satellite intensities in all orders, as well as the blaze properties of the gratings, have been measured on a 5-m Littrow spectrograph with 8-in. lens. Rowland ghosts in several cases are found to be well below 0.1% in the 12th order green, and below one part in 100 000 at the angles at which ghost intensities are usually measured for purposes of comparison. In the better gratings satellite intensities total less than 1%, with no single satellite stronger than 0.3%. The stronger satellites reported in our previous 8-in. gratings were found to originate from tilting of the interferometer mirrors and the grating blank arising from variations along the ways. Since the gratings have 50 sq in. of ruled area and are well blazed they are extremely fast, 20 sec being adequate to give a satisfactory exposure to ordinary sources at dispersion of 12 mm per A. The blaze angle was varied from one grating to the next. Some of the gratings concentrate more than 50% of the incident green light in a single high order.
Biological markers for evaluation of root resorption.

Background External apical root resorption is a pathologic consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. Cementum and dentin are removed from the root surface while active force is present.
Operational uses of the GOES energetic particle detectors

A central mission of the GOES space environment monitor program is to provide continuous, real-time monitoring of the near-Earth space environment. The GOES energetic particle sensor (EPS) and high energy proton and alpha detector (HEPAD) obtain measurements of the energetic electron, proton, and alpha particle fluxes at geosynchronous orbit. These measurements serve as the basis for a variety of services that are provided to numerous government and private organizations, including the forecasting of adverse conditions, providing a characterization of the current conditions in the Earth's environment, and providing the necessary measurements to allow comprehensive post-event analyses. Numerous products are derived from the GEOS EPS measurements and made available to industry, government agencies, and research institutions throughout the world. The particle fluxes in the Earth's environment are comprised of three main components: 1) particles trapped within the geomagnetic field, 2) particles of a more direct solar origin, and 3) a cosmic ray background. These particle fluxes are quite dynamic, varying on times-scales ranging from seconds to decades. In this paper, we describe the GOES-8 and GOES-9 EPS and HEPAD instruments and the operational uses of the energetic particle measurements made at geosynchronous orbit.
Predictors of Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among a Diverse Cohort of Adolescents With HIV

Abstract Purpose To compare prevalence and describe predictors of antiretroviral treatment adherence among adolescents with HIV acquired perinatally (PIY) or through risk behaviors (BIY). Methods Data were obtained from the baseline assessment of Adolescent Impact, an intervention for HIV-infected adolescents receiving care in three U.S. cities. Patients self-reported missed medication doses as well as medication factors, HIV knowledge, disclosure, substance use, mental health, and social support through face-to-face or computer-assisted interviews. Results Of 104 participants, 68 (65.4%) reported full adherence. Compared with BIY, PIY were younger, had greater HIV disease severity, and had more structural supports. Adjusting for transmission mode (PIY vs. BIY), nonadherence by self-report was associated with higher viral load (VL) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.5, confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 2.18). Nonadherent adolescents were significantly likely to have had AIDS, discussed HIV disease with providers, reported difficulty with medication routine, experienced internalizing behavior problems, and used drugs. In multivariate analyses, independent predictors of nonadherence included acquiring HIV behaviorally (AOR = 4.378, CI=1.055, 18.165), ever having AIDS (AOR = 4.78, CI=1.31, 17.49), perceiving difficult medication routine (AOR = 1.84, CI=1.07, 3.16), discussing disease indicators with provider (AOR = 4.57, CI=1.74, 11.98), and missing doses because of forgetting (AOR = 2.53, CI=1.29, 4.96). Adjusting for transmission mode, detectable VL was associated with lower recent CD4 + lymphocyte counts, discussing disease indicators with providers, and missing doses because of forgetting or being depressed. Low recent CD4 + lymphocyte counts (AOR = .988, p = .024) but fewer HIV symptoms (AOR = .466, p = .032) and missing doses because of forgetting (AOR = 1.76, p = .05) were independently associated with detectable VL in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Despite differences between groups, nonadherence was associated with severity of illness, difficult medication routine, and forgetfulness. Beyond individual needs, both groups of adolescents had suboptimal adherence and would benefit from simplified medication routines and organizational skills.
Glucose transport by rat small intestine after extensive small-bowel resection.

In rats 50 cm of proximal or distal small intestine were resected, preserving duodenum and terminal ileum. Glucose transport was studied 5–6 weeks later, using everted gut sacs from duodenum, ileum, and also from a midgut segment consisting of intestine located preresection at mid-small intestine. Sham-operated animals served as controls: The inner (serosal) fluid medium in sacs from duodenum and midgut gained glucose; ileal sac serosal medium lost glucose. Proximal resection resulted in significant growth of duodenal and midgut mucosa. Duodenal transport specific activity (transport per gram dry mucosa) decreased from control values, but mucosal growth compensated so sac transport capacity (transport per centimeter sac length) remained unchanged. Midgut transport specific activity remained unchanged, thus sac transport capacity directly mirrored increased mucosal mass. Ileal sac serosal medium now accumulated glucose; there was no mucosal growth. Transport specific activity and sac transport capacity of ileum increased in parallel. After distal resection there was no alteration of either duodenal and midgut mucosal masses or transport specific activities, hence sac transport capacities remained unchanged. Ileal sac serosal medium also accumulated glucose, but now both transport specific activity and mucosal mass increased. The resultant increased sac transport capacity was identical to that of ileum after proximal resection. In all sacs from control and resected animals uphill [14C]glucose concentration differences developed between medium and mucosa. Activity of the mucosal uptake process, assessed in terms of a ratio of mucosal intracellular fluid radioactivity to mucosal medium radioactivity, usually mirrored altered transport specific activity. This indicates that the increased undercoats tissue mass that accompanied increased mucosal mass did not critically affect transport. The most striking findings were: (1) decreased duodenal transport specific activity after proximal resection with mucosal growth compensating; and (2) identical adaptations of ileal segment transport capacities after either proximal or distal small-bowel resections, although mechanisms differed. The present study provides a base for further examinations of carrier-mediated hexose transport after extensive loss of small intestine.