cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intelligent aggressiveness: Combining forecast multipliers with various unconstraining methods to increase revenue in a global network with four airlines

Airlines are always searching for ways to maximize revenues in the hyper-competitive environment that they exist in. This article uses the sophisticated Passenger Origin-Destination Simulator (PODS) simulator to examine the revenue impact of four levels of forecast multipliers (FM) in combination with three different methods of unconstraining – Expectation Maximization (EM), Projection Detruncation (PD) and Booking Curve (BC). Owing to the competitive nature of PODS (four airlines competing for customers) and its allowance for customer choice, we are able to assess all the implications of these FM levels in combination with unconstraining, including the impact of spill, upgrades and recapture. We find that in this fully/semi-restricted fare environment, under leg optimization and either EM or PD, the optimal level is generally FM of 1.1, independent of demand level, and that under BC unconstraining, the optimal level is FM equal to 1.2. When using realistic booking data from major global airlines to calibrate PODS’ largest global network (U1), we show that becoming more intelligently aggressive with FM can lead to revenue gains of 0.2–0.6 per cent under EM or PD unconstraining and gains of 0.3–1.2 per cent under BC unconstraining. Under network optimization, it is best not to use FM under any unconstraining method, independent of demand level.
Dap-SL: a new site-directed nitroxide spin labeling approach for determining structure and motions in synthesized peptides and proteins.

A new approach for site-directed placement of nitroxide spin labels in chemically synthesized peptides and proteins is described. The scheme takes advantage of a novel diaminopropionic acid scaffold to independently control backbone and side chain elongation. The result is a spin-labeled side chain, referred to as Dap-SL, in which an amide bond forms a linker between the nitroxide and the peptide backbone. The method was demonstrated in a series of helical peptides. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance showed that Dap-SL introduces only a minor perturbation in the helical structure. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the singly labeled species allowed for determination of the spin label rotational correlation time and suggests that the Dap-SL side chain is more flexible than the modified Cys side chain frequently used in site-directed spin label studies. Spectra of the doubly labeled peptides indicate a mixture of 310-helix and α-helix, which parallels findings from previous studies. The scheme demonstrated here offers a fundamentally new approach for introducing spin labels into proteins and promises to significantly extend biophysical investigations of large proteins and receptors. In addition, the technique is readily modified for incorporation of any biophysical probe.
Optical tweezers in cell biology.

The authors are at the Department of Cell Biology, Box 3709, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. The invention of the single-beam optical gradient trap I-3, known less formally as optical tweezers, has opened possibilities in cell biology that are only beginning to be re- alized. Prior to optical tweezers, fine and detailed manipulations of cells and subcellular components required hydraulic or piezoelectric microma- nipulators to move glass micropipettes and fibres. Such methods are in- vasive: entry or release of the probe often disrupts cellular integrity. At their best, optical tweezers allow exquisitely fine control of position (within -I0 nm) and of forces (-I0 -~ dyne resolution) on a wide range of particle sizes (25 nm to 25 l~m) in a noninvasive manner. The optical tweezers are the sim- plest geometry for generating laser- inducing optical forces and provide the smallest trap and finest control from illuminator condenser[.~ I ~ high NA objective ,I 1, beam expander and steering system sample
Origin of tropospheric ozone at remote high northern latitudes in summer

Author(s): Mauzerall, DL; Jacob, DJ; Fan, SM; Bradshaw, JD; Gregory, GL; Sachse, GW; Blake, DR | Abstract: We quantify the tropospheric ozone budget over remote high northern latitudes in summer using chemical and meteorological measurements between 0 and 6-km made during the summer of 1990 Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3B). We include all components of the ozone budget, both sinks (in situ photochemical loss and deposition); and sources (in situ photochemical production, advection of pollution ozone into the region, production in biomass wildfire plumes, and downwards transport from the upper troposphere/stratosphere). In situ production and loss of ozone are calculated with a photochemical model. The net influx of pollution ozone from North America and Eurasia is estimated from the average enhancement ratio of ΔO3/ΔC2Cl4 observed in pollution plumes and scaled by the net influx of C2Cl4. The contribution of ozone produced in biomass wildfire plumes is estimated from the average enhancement ratio of ΔO3/ΔCO in aged fire plumes. Regional photochemical production and loss in the 0-6 km column are found to be approximately equal; hence, net photochemical production is near zero. However, when ozone production and loss terms are separated, we find that dispersed in situ photochemical production driven by background NO levels (5-10 pptv) is the largest source term in the ozone budget (62%). Influx of stratospheric ozone is of secondary importance (27%), long-range transport of pollution ozone makes a small contribution (9%), and photochemical production of ozone within biomass wildfire plumes is a relatively negligible term (2%) in the budget. Biomass fires and transport of anthropogenic pollution into the region may however have a major effect on the ozone budget through enhancement of background NOx mixing ratios which increase dispersed photochemical production. Using a I-D time-dependent photochemical model between 0 and 6 km, we obtain good agreement between the observed and model-generated vertical ozone profiles. We find that in situ photochemistry within the 0-6 km column accounts for nearly 90% of the ozone mixing ratio within the boundary layer, while above 5 km it accounts for only about 40%. Although photochemical production of ozone within the 0-6 km column is larger than the other source terms combined, the 1-D model results indicate that influx from above is necessary to account for the observed increase in ozone mixing ratios with altitude. Copyright 1996 by the American Geophysical Union.
Cribra orbitalia: a non-human primate perspective

Cribra orbitalia, a porous lesion involving the orbital roofs, is one of the most-studied skeletal pathologies in bioarchaeology, and yet uncertainty still exists regarding its aetiology and significance. In contrast to the hundreds of reports of cribra orbitalia in human skeletal remains, little is known of this condition in non-human primates. Previously, cribra orbitalia has only been reported in catarrhines, with just two cases in cercopithecoids. To provide a broader, phylogenetic perspective on cribra orbitalia, a sample of primate skeletal material was examined to evaluate the occurrence of this condition. The taxonomically diverse sample consists of 380 non-hominoid (non-ape) modern primates from both wild and captive populations. Cribra orbitalia is present in 16 individuals, including cercopithecines, colobines, platyrrhines and a prosimian, substantially expanding the known taxonomic range of this condition. Modern primates—with their varied habitats, diets, levels of parasitism, etc.—provide a set of natural experiments regarding conditions and physiologies which may influence the aetiology and impact of cribra orbitalia. More generally, it is suggested here that studies of non-human primate skeletal pathologies have the potential for providing significant insight on human paleopathologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of lymph node metastases by contrast-enhanced MRI in an experimental model.

Lymph node size, the accumulation of a nodal lymphotrophic contrast agent (LCDIO), and MRI were compared as methods for detecting nodal metastases in an experimental murine model. Lymph node metastases (B16-F1 melanoma expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and C57BL/6 mice) were generated to obtain a wide spectrum of nodes, including normal nodes and nodes bearing micrometastases, small metastases, or large metastases. Nodal uptake of LCDIO was measured using (111)Indium-labeled LCDIO and was found to be lower in micrometastastic nodes (4.20 +/- 1.4%ID/gm) than in normal nodes (8.60 +/- 0.22% ID dose/gram, P < 0.005). Nodal tumor burden was quantified from the amount of GFP present in nodes measured using the Western blot method, and was found to correlate with the decrease of LCDIO uptake. By MRI, nodes bearing small and large metastases contained regions of high signal intensity (SI) that corresponded to the visual pattern of tumor in nodes. Micrometastatic nodes were distinguishable from normal nodes based on a diffuse pattern of inhomogeneous SI. The signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of normal nodes (0.0112 +/- 0.0061) was different from micrometastatic nodes (0.179 +/- 0.080, P < 0.00046) and nodes bearing small metastases (0.723 +/- 0.269, P < 0.00013), with high degrees of significance.
Effectiveness of Laminar Air Flow for Controlling Air-borne Contamination

Abstract Air samples were collected at various locations in the protected space of an experimental laminar air flow chamber. A continuous low velocity stream of filtered air was maintained through the protected space of the experimental chamber. The efficiency of filtration was 99.97% for 0.3- μ , particles. The effectiveness of the chamber has been determined against a measured concentration of air-borne Serratia marcescens in the surrounding atmosphere. The test aerosol was generated from liquid broth cultures and the concentration was determined by collecting air samples periodically throughout the experiments with a Casella slit air sampler. Air samples were collected continuously for 30min inside the protected space representing from 680 to 850 liters of air. Data were collected at three different air velocities of between 15 to 45 m/min. The effectiveness was determined at ten different locations within the protected space. In general, results revealed a high degree of effectiveness at all air velocities and locations withtin the protected space. A slight increase in effectiveness was noted as the air velocity increased. The influence of location on effectiveness was related primarily to distance from filter face.
A child and adam: A parable of the two ages.

begins to play with the dolls. The ensuing drama is predictable, as it has been enacted over and over in the same pattern. She prepares a meal for her babies, sets the table, and invites the therapist to join her. In the middle of the play-like meal, after a blessing has been earnestly voiced and while the little girl seems to be happily feeding her babies, there is a sudden disjuncture. The tea begins to get spilled, apparently quite by accident; the atmosphere is charged with excitement; the doll's head is thrust ruthlessly into a plate of food; a flood of rage breaks loose. Until the child can be physically restrained, she engages in a rampage of destruction. With a wide sweep of her arm, she knocks over the tea dishes and attempts to throw the play food all over the room, while kicking the table over. She also attempts to hit, bite, spit at, tear at, and curse the therapist, whom a few minutes earlier she had greeted as a friend. The therapist helps her back into control?for the time being?and that siege is past. In a quieter moment the little girl will say, ostensibly of her doll, though actually of herself, "She has a spell on her." Man at war. A Swiss Red Cross worker, on a day in April of 1948, arrived on the scene of the massacre of the village of Deir Yassin. He described the spectacle in his diary as follows:
Protein-polymer conjugates: synthetic approaches by controlled radical polymerizations and interesting applications.

Protein–polymer conjugates are of interest to researchers in diverse fields. Attachment of polymers to proteins results in improved pharmacokinetics, which is important in medicine. From an engineering standpoint, conjugates are exciting because they exhibit properties of both the biomolecules and synthetic polymers. This allows the activity of the protein to be altered or tuned, anchoring to surfaces, and supramolecular self-assembly. Thus, there is broad interest in straightforward synthetic methods to prepare protein–polymer conjugates. Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques have emerged as excellent strategies to make conjugates because the resulting polymers have narrow molecular weight distributions, targeted molecular weights, and attach to specific sites on proteins. Herein, recent advances in the synthesis and application of protein–polymer conjugates by CRP are highlighted.
Targeting High Density Lipoproteins in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Recent studies involving HDL-raising therapeutics have greatly changed our understanding of this field. Despite effectively raising HDL-C levels, niacin remains of uncertain clinical benefit. Synthetic niacin receptor agonists are unlikely to raise HDL-C or have other beneficial effects on plasma lipids. Despite the failure in phase 3 of 2 CETP inhibitors, 2 potent CETP inhibitors that raise HDL-C levels by >100 % (and reduce LDL-C substantially) are in late stage clinical development. Infusions of recombinant HDL containing ‘wild-type’ apoA-I or apoA-I Milano, as well as autologous delipidated HDL, all demonstrated promising early results, and remain in clinical development. A small molecule that causes upregulation of endogenous apoA-I production is also in clinical development. Finally, upregulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux pathways through agonism of liver X receptors or antagonism of miR-33 remains of substantial interest. The field of HDL therapeutics is poised to transition from the ‘HDL-cholesterol hypothesis’ to the ‘HDL flux hypothesis’ in which the impact on flux from macrophage to feces is deemed to be of greater therapeutic benefit than the increase in steady-state concentrations of HDL cholesterol.
Obesity, Personal Constructs, and Amount of Weight Loss:

Seven weight-relevant personal constructs were elicited from 12 obese subjects participating in a weight-reduction group. Construct ordination, or the degree to which a construct integrates various self-understandings into an interrelated system, was then studied in the context of weight reduction. It was found that the more ordinating the construct of “myself as overweight—myself as not overweight” at the beginning of the group, the less weight loss occurred during treatment. The amount of change successful weight loss implied for the subject's understanding of the self on the elicited constructs was also investigated. Subjects tended to lose more weight when losing weight implied more changes in the person's construction of self.
Use of wood-based materials in beef bedded manure packs: 1. Effect on ammonia, total reduced sulfide, and greenhouse gas concentrations.

facilities are increasing in popu-larity among cattle producers in the quad-state region of Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Nebraska. In these facilities, cattle are raised in complete confinement, sometimes on concrete floors, with bedding added once or twice weekly. Producers may maintain a bedded pack of manure and bedding through one or more groups of cattle, or they may remove the bedded pack on a weekly basis. Most producers use locally avail-able by-products of cereal grain production for bedding, such as corn stover, soybean stover, wheat straw, or corn cobs (Doran et al., 2010). Corn stover is the most common bedding material used in beef confinement facilities (Doran et al., 2010). As the number of local confinement facilities increases, the demand for corn stover may surpass local availability. Selection of an alterna-tive bedding material will likely be based on availability and price of the material and on animal comfort, with little consideration for the effects of bedding material on air quality of the confine-ment facility.Previous research has shown that bedding material can greatly influence the air quality of livestock facilities (Jeppsson, 2000; van Vliet et al., 2004; Misselbrook and Powell, 2005; Powell et al., 2008; Garlipp et al., 2011). The chemical and physical properties of chopped wheat straw, sand, kiln-dried pine wood shavings, chopped newspaper, chopped corn stover, and recycled manure solids were evaluated as bedding materials in dairy barns (Misselbrook and Powell, 2005). Ammonia (NH
Characterization of atmospheric pressure rf discharges with aqueous plasma facing surfaces

Plasma modification of liquids has opened a broad range of new applications ranging from wound treatment to water purification to agricultural fertigation and herbicide. Two of the primary challenges facing systems designed to modify liquid chemistry through plasma treatment have been throughput and efficient introduction of liquid species in the active plasma region. In this presentation, we present novel pathways for both source scale up and liquid incorporation that can make plasma treatment of liquids more economically viable.
COMPARISON OF 85KR AND 3H APPARENT GROUND-WATER AGES FOR SOURCE WATER VULNERABILITY IN THE COLLYER RIVER CATCHMENT, MAINE

Apparent ground-water ages as determined by the noble gas isotope 85 Kr and the water isotope 3 H are compared. Refined gas extraction methodology at the wellhead permits efficient collection of Kr for 85 Kr isotope enrichment. 85 Kr isochrones elucidate areas of much younger ground-water ages than 3 H. Declining 3 H activities in the catchment prevent its correlation with the youngest measured 85 Kr ages. Source water for most drinking water supplies in the Collyer River catchment is recharged within 40 years BP (2004). Mean-age (τ) transport modeling suggests uncertainty of ground-water ages is greatest in the central basin area.
Cyclotron resonance in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices

Abstract The cyclotron resonance of the GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice is studied by the generalized quantum Langevin equation approach to electronic transport. Divergences are eliminated from the conventional forms for the memory functions by inclusion of the effects of the fluctuation of the center of mass. In our theory there exists two resonance peaks in the CR absorption spectrum: the conventional magnetoplasmon absorption peak at the frequency ω ⩾ ω c , and another peak at ω ⩽ ω c due to the fluctuation effect. The positions, amplitudes, and the relative spacing of these two peaks depend mainly on the magnetic field, the electron density, the mobility of the sample and the temperature. Our results for the CR spectrum of a single layer GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction are consistent with the experiments of Schlesinger et al. and of Muro et al. In calculating the CR spectrum of an infinite layer GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice, we find that the peak shift becomes larger and the peak width is almost unchanged when the superlattice periodicity is reduced.
Low glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity level at the time of hemolysis in a male neonate with the African type of deficiency.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) levels are not usually drawn in the evaluation of black neonates with hyperbilirubinemia because of the oft-stated opinion that the levels may be normal at the time of hemolysis and thus will be misleading. In fact, this opinion is not applicable to newborns as many studies have shown that deficiency in the conjugating ability of the liver, not hemolysis, is the main cause of neonatal jaundice associated with G6PD deficiency. We present a case report of a neonate with brisk hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia in whom the G6PD level was abnormally low at the time of the hemolytic episode. DNA analysis showed him to have the A-(202A,376G) variant and, as well, the UGT1A1 promoter repeat polymorphism associated with Gilbert's disease. This case, as well as a review of the literature, indicates that enzyme levels are not normal in patients with G6PD A- who are undergoing hemolysis.
Stereotactic intracranial implantation and in vivo bioluminescent imaging of tumor xenografts in a mouse model system of glioblastoma multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade primary brain cancer with a median survival of only 14.6 months in humans despite standard tri-modality treatment consisting of surgical resection, post-operative radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy 1. New therapeutic approaches are clearly needed to improve patient survival and quality of life. The development of more effective treatment strategies would be aided by animal models of GBM that recapitulate human disease yet allow serial imaging to monitor tumor growth and treatment response. In this paper, we describe our technique for the precise stereotactic implantation of bio-imageable GBM cancer cells into the brains of nude mice resulting in tumor xenografts that recapitulate key clinical features of GBM 2. This method yields tumors that are reproducible and are located in precise anatomic locations while allowing in vivo bioluminescent imaging to serially monitor intracranial xenograft growth and response to treatments 3-5. This method is also well-tolerated by the animals with low perioperative morbidity and mortality.
Ontogeny of an endogenous, nonopioid and hormonally mediated analgesic system

Rats of different ages (10-day, 28-day, and 3-month-old) were exposed to cold-water stress in order to activate an endogenous analgesic system. The effects of naltrexone (7 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (.4 mg/kg) were also studied to examine the role of the opioid and hormonal systems in cold-water-induced analgesia. Following cold-water exposure, nociception was measured with the tail-flick procedure for 2 hr. Results revealed that cold water produced a significant level of analgesia in the 10-day, 28-day, and 3-month-old age groups with no differences between age groups. In addition, in each age group naltrexone did not block the analgesia while dexamethasone attenuated the analgesia produced by cold water. The effects of naltrexone and dexamethasone confirm that cold-water immersion activates a nonopioid, hormonally mediated analgesic system in each age group. Thus, this experiment found that the endogenous, nonopioid, and hormonally mediated analgesic system activated by cold water is functional early in the development of the rat. The early development of this hormonally mediated analgesic system is in contrast to the slower development of endogenous analgesia systems that are mediated by the central nervous system.
Remarks on the Method of Paired Comparisons: II. The Effect of an Aberrant Standard Deviation When Equal Standard Deviations and Equal Correlations Are Assumed

If customary methods of solution are used on the method of paired comparisons for Thurstone’s Case V (assuming equal standard deviations of sensations for each stimulus), when in fact one or more of the standard deviations is aberrant, all stimuli will be properly spaced except the one with the aberrant standard deviation. A formula is given to show the amount of error due to the aberrant stimulus.
A microfluidic device for performing pressure-driven separations

Microchannels in microfluidic devices are frequently chemically modified to introduce specific functional elements or operational modalities. In this work, we describe a miniaturized hydraulic pump created by coating selective channels in a glass microfluidic manifold with a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) that alters the surface charge of the substrate. Pressure-driven flow is generated due to a mismatch in the electroosmotic flow (EOF) rates induced upon the application of an electric field to a tee channel junction that has one arm coated with a positively charged PEM and the other arm left uncoated in its native state. In this design, the channels that generate the hydraulic pressure are interconnected via the third arm of the tee to a field-free analysis channel for performing pressure-driven separations. We have also shown that modifications in the cross-sectional area of the channels in the pumping unit can enhance the hydrodynamic flow through the separation section of the manifold. The integrated device has been demonstrated by separating Coumarin dyes in the field-free analysis channel using open-channel liquid chromatography under pressure-driven flow conditions.
Charge carrier dynamics in CdSe nanocrystals: implications for the use of quantum dots in novel photovoltaics

The dynamics of photo-generated electrons and holes in CdSe quantum dots have been studied using the femtosecond fluorescence upconversion technique, permitting an unambiguous examination of the excited state. The band edge emission shows an expected size dependence on the decay rate. We find that the deep trap emission is coupled to the band edge fluorescence, implicating surface states as important factors in the excited state lifetime of the hole. As a factor of the overall efficiency of solar cells, the rate of charge separation and the fate of the exciton are important considerations in the design of nanocrystal-based photovoltaic devices.
A Rapid PCR-based Method for the Identification of ob Mutant Mice

With increasing incidence of obesity, there is greater demand for suitable research and therapeutic models. The ob/ob mouse model develops obesity by 5 weeks of age. Previously, a method using DNA purification, PCR, and restriction digestion of products was devised to identify mice bearing the ob allele. Here, we describe a direct PCR method that requires no DNA purification. Wild-type and ob-specific primers are used under the same conditions in two separate and simultaneously run three-primer PCRs. Standard PCR using the wild-type primer mix produces 191 bp and 104 bp bands in +/+ and ob/+ and only the control 191 bp band in ob/ob animals. The ob-specific primer reaction produces 191 bp and 123 bp bands in ob/+ and ob/ob and only the control 191 bp band in +/+ animals. Phenotypic weight gain in offspring of heterozygous intercrosses was used to validate genotypes. This primer-specific PCR method allows simultaneous identification of +/+, ob/+, and ob/ob genotypes prior to breeding age to facilitate breeding and research studies in an important model of clinical obesity.
Homodyne dual-quadrature coherent receiver with injection-locked monolithically integrated local oscillator

We demonstrate a homodyne dual-quadrature coherent receiver using a monolithically integrated, injection-locked local oscillator. For BER of 10−3 and 10−5, the required OSNR is improved by 1.5dB and 5dB, respectively, compared to a free-running local oscillator.
Bolus location associated with videofluoroscopic and respirodeglutometric events.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the relation between specific events observed with simultaneous videofluoroscopy and respirodeglutometry. The order of occurrence was deter...
Oscillations in Blood Pressure associated with Phrenic Nerve Activity

WE have observed periodic oscillations in systemic blood pressure synchronous with bursts of phrenic nerve activity in dogs during apnoea. The phrenic nerve was isolated in the neck, and nerve impulses detected with bipolar platinum electrodes. The nervous activity was amplified and rectified, and the impulses integrated by a method described previously1. Catheters were placed in both femoral arteries to record the arterial blood pressure continuously as well as to sample arterial blood so as to measure the arterial carbon dioxide tension every minute. Spontaneous breathing was arrested by the intravenous administration of succinyl choline, and the dogs were ventilated artificially with 100 per cent oxygen for twenty minutes using a Harvard pump. Initial measurements of carbon dioxide tension and phrenic nerve activity were made at the end of this control period. Artificial ventilation was then stopped and the dog connected by its endotracheal tube to a spirometer containing 100 per cent oxygen. By this means arterial oxygen was maintained at normal tension during the ensuing period of apnoea, when carbon dioxide tension increased at the rate of 6.0 mm of mercury/min.
Automation and testing of character-graphic programs

SUMMARYThis paper describes a technique that allows automation and testing of character-graphic programs using existing public-domain tools. Specifically, Tcl, Tk, and Expect are augmented with a terminalemulator in order to build a screen representation in memory. This screen can be queried in ahigh-level way and the interaction can be further controlled based on the screen representation.One immediate use of this is to build a test suite for automating standards conformance of the interactive programs in POSIX 1003.2 (Interactive Shells and Utilities). This technique is portableand inexpensive. All the software described in this paper is free or in the public domain. 0 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY WORDS: conformance testing; Expect: interaction automation; POSIX 1003.2: regression testing: Tclmk INTRODUCTIONThis paper describes a general technique that allows automation and testing ofcharacter-graphic programs using portable and inexpensive tools. Specifically, Tcl, Tk, and Expect are augmented with a terminal emulator in order to build a screenrepresentation in memory. This screen can be queried in a high-level way and theinteraction can be further controlled based on the screen representation.One immediate use of this is to
Analytical design of seven joint spatial steering mechanisms

Abstract This paper deals with the development of the kinematic equations and a set of design charts that can be used in the synthesis of the seven joint spatial steering mechanism. The comparative charts demonstrate how the loci of the intersection of the front axes vary with the parametric changes of the steering mechanism. A design optimization search is facilitated by selecting curves closest to the axis of the rear axle. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is possible with the design charts which show how parametric errors may affect the performance of the steering mechanism.
The formation and reaction chemistry of (ν5-nzoylcyclopentadienyl)- and ν5- carbomethoxycyclopentadienyl)(ν4-tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt

Abstract (ν5-Benzoyylcyclopentadienyl)(ν4-tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt, which has been synthesized from (ν5-benzoylcyclopentadienyl)- di-carbonylcobalt and 2 equivalents of diphenylacetylene, undergoes typical organic reactions, including reduction with sodium borohydride, reduction with lithium aluminum hydride/aluminum chloride, as well as the Wittig reaction. (ν5-Carbomethoxycyclopentadienyl)(ν4- tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt has also been prepared from (ν5-carbomethoxycyclopentadienyl)dicarbondylcobalt and diphenylacetylene. The ester can be readily converted into the corresponding carboxylic acid, and sequentially into the acid chloride, amide, and cyano derivatives. The anhydride was prepared from the acid chloride. A Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of (ν5-chlorofomylcyclopentadienyl) (ν4-tetrapehylcyclobutadiene)cobalt, ferrocene and aluminum chloride in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane has afforded a hetero-bimetallic ketone, (ν5-ferrocenoyclcyclopentadienyl)(ν4-tetraphylycyclobutadiene)cobalt.
A Novel Static Traffic Grooming Algorithm Based on Steady Elimination Evolutionary and Gaming

In this paper, we propose a static traffic grooming method, where both wavelength layered graph and evaluation function are deployed with the objective of maximizing Quality of Service (QoS) satisfaction degree of user and minimizing comparative cost of IP over WDM optical networks, based on Steady Elimination Evolutionary Algorithm (SEEA) and gaming. Using proposed novel hybridization operation and evolutional strategy with the consideration of individual diversity in niche population, our method can eliminate the worst individual in the current niche population and generate optimized traffic grooming program. Our method has been analyzed and compared with the other traffic grooming schemes on the realistic network topologies in our simulations. Simulation results have demonstrated that our method outperforms state-of-the-art grooming schemes, which is highly feasible and effective.
Both Synchronous and Asynchronous Muscle Isoforms of Projectin (the Drosophila Bent Locus Product) Contain Functional Kinase Domains

In Drosophila, the large muscle protein, projectin, has very different localizations in synchronous and asynchronous muscles, suggesting that projectin has different functions in different muscle types. The multiple projectin isoforms are encoded by a single gene; however they differ significantly in size (as detected by gel mobility) and show differences in some peptide fragments, presumably indicating alternative splicing or termination. We now report additional sequence of the projectin gene, showing a kinase domain and flanking regions highly similar to equivalent regions of twitchin, including a possible autoinhibitory region. In spite of apparent differences in function, all isoforms of projectin have the kinase domain and all are capable of autophosphorylation in vitro. The projectin gene is in polytene region 102C/D where the bentD phenotype maps. The recessive lethality of bentD is associated with a breakpoint that removes sequence of the projectin kinase domain. We find that different alleles of the highly mutable recessive lethal complementation group, l(4)2, also have defects in different parts of the projectin sequence, both NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal to the bentD breakpoint. These alleles are therefore renamed as alleles of the bent locus. Adults heterozygous for projectin mutations show little, if any, effect of one defective gene copy, but homozygosity for any of the defects is lethal. The times of death can vary with allele. Some alleles kill the embryos, others are larval lethal. These molecular studies begin to explain why genetic studies suggested that l(4)2 was a complex (or pseudoallelic) locus.
Sensitivity coefficients for experimental estimation of interstitial properties during phase change in porous media

The sensitivity coefficients for analyzing the interstitial properties during phase change in porous media are presented. Computation of the sensitivity coefficients and estimation of parameters are the main objective of this study. Experimentally measured temperature data provide an estimate of the phase front locations used as the state variable for this study. The derivations are based on the assumption that the phase front, X, at a given time, t, is a function of interstitial properties τ t and τ q with all other parameters remaining constant. The properties τ t and τ q are the lag-time in temperature and heat flux, respectively. The study of the sensitivity coefficients using these two parameters is the objective of this study. The analysis includes two types of boundary conditions of the first kind: prescribed temperature of phase change materials and prescribed temperature for solid matrix. These boundary conditions are related to the conditions under which the experimental data used in this articl...
Inference for thinned point processes, with application to Cox processes☆

Abstract Given i.i.d. point processes N 1 , N 2 ,…, let the observations be p -thinnings N ′ 1 , N ′ 2 ,…, where p is a function from the underlying space E (a compact metric space) to [0, 1], whose interpretation is that a point of N i at x is retained with probability p ( x ) and deleted with probability 1− p ( x ). Strongly consistent estimators of the thinning function p and the Laplace functional L N ( f ) = E [ e − N ( f ) ] of the N i are constructed; associated “central limit” properties are given. Tests are presented, for the case when the N i and N ′ i are both observable, of the hypothesis that the N ′ i are p -thinnings of the N i . State estimation techniques are developed for the case where the N i are Cox processes directed by unobservable random measures M i ; these techniques yield minimum mean-squared error estimators, based on observation of only the thinned processes N ′ i of the N i and the directing measures M i . Limit theorems for empirical Laplace functionals of point processes are given.
Perturbative quantum-chromodynamic corrections to the hadronic decay width of the Higgs boson

Using the operator-product expansion it is shown that perturbative quantum-chromodynamic corrections to the hadronic decay width of the Higgs boson can be calculated without encountering mass singularities. The result is given in terms of the "running quark mass" of the renormalization group and calculable corrections in powers of $\frac{1}{\mathrm{ln}(\frac{{M}^{2}}{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{2}})}$. The next-to-leading-order correction amounts to about 35% for the Higgs-boson mass $M=50$ GeV.
On tractability of linear tensor product problems for ∞-variate classes of functions

We study tractability of linear tensor product problems defined on special Banach spaces of ~-variate functions. In these spaces, functions have a unique decomposition f=@?"uf"u with f"u@?H"u, where u are finite subsets of N"+ and H"u are Hilbert spaces of functions with variables listed in u. The norm of f is defined by the @?"q norm of {@c"u^-^1@?f"u@?"H"""u:u@?N}, where @c"u's are given weights and q@?[1,~]. We derive sufficient and necessary conditions for the problem to be tractable. These conditions are expressed in terms of the properties of the weights @c"u, the value of q, and the complexity of the corresponding problem for univariate functions. The previous results were obtained only for the Hilbert case of q=2 and dealt with weighted integration and weighted L"2-approximation.
Calculation of molecular electronic spectra by projected-unrestricted Hartree--Fock theory

A new application is made of projected-unrestricted Hartree-Fock theory, namely, the calculation of electronic spectra for symmetric molecules. The excited electronic state is represented by a single determinant whose unrestricted nature allows for orbital rearrangement relative to the self-consistent ground state. The self-consistent calculation must be followed by spin projection to obtain appropriate spin eigenstates. It was necessary to develop modified procedures for portions of the spin projection calculation because the method of constructing the wave functions produces degeneracies among the natural orbitals. Illustrative calculations using the all-valence-electron INDO approximations produced results which compared favorably with configuration-interaction treatments. The method described should be most useful, however, in conjunction with ab initio calculations using flexible basis sets.
Thermogenic effect of meltdown RTD™ energy drink in young healthy women: a double blind, cross-over design study

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the acute metabolic effects of a high-energy drink in healthy, physically-active women.
Identification of children with intra-abdominal injuries after blunt trauma.

Abstract Study Objective: We sought to determine the utility of laboratory testing after adjusting for physical examination findings in the identification of children with intra-abdominal injuries after blunt trauma. Methods: The study was a prospective observational series of children younger than 16 years old who sustained blunt trauma and were at risk for intra-abdominal injuries during a 2½-year period at an urban Level I trauma center. Patients were examined by faculty emergency physicians and underwent standardized laboratory testing. Clinical and laboratory findings were recorded on a standardized data sheet. Intra-abdominal injury was considered present if an injury was documented to the spleen, liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal glands, or gastrointestinal tract. We performed multiple logistic regression and binary recursive partitioning analyses to identify which physical examination findings and laboratory variables were independently associated with intra-abdominal injury. Results: Of 1,095 enrolled patients, 107 (10%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8% to 12%) had intra-abdominal injuries. The mean age was 8.4±4.8 years. From both analyses, we identified 6 findings associated with intra-abdominal injury: low systolic blood pressure (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 15.2), abdominal tenderness (adjusted OR 5.8; 95% CI 3.2 to 10.4), femur fracture (adjusted OR 1.3; 95% CI 0.5 to 3.7), serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration more than 200 U/L or serum alanine aminotransferase concentration more than 125 U/L (adjusted OR 17.4; 95% CI 9.4 to 32.1), urinalysis with more than 5 RBCs per high-powered field (adjusted OR 4.8; 95% CI 2.7 to 8.4), and an initial hematocrit of less than 30% (adjusted OR 2.6; 95% CI 0.9 to 7.5). Conclusion: After adjusting for physical examination findings, laboratory testing contributes significantly to the identification of children with intra-abdominal injuries after blunt trauma. [Holmes JF, Sokolove PE, Brant WE, Palchak MJ, Vance CW, Owings JT, Kuppermann N. Identification of children with intra-abdominal injuries after blunt trauma. Ann Emerg Med. May 2002;39:500-509.]
Characterization of the cephalic arch and location of stenosis.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to accurately characterize the cephalic arch segments into four domains and to enable more specific evaluation of cephalic arch stenosis (CAS) and determine the ...
Radiation patterns of slotted-elliptic cylinder antennas

An expression is developed for the radiation pattern of an array of thin axiaI slots arbitrarily disposed around the circumference of an elliptic cylinder. Calculated azimuthal patterns are presented for single slots on elliptic cylinders of vanishing thickness. The results can be applied to approximate the pattern of practical cylinders having very thin cross sections.
The chemical nature of hydrogen bonding in proteins via NMR: J-couplings, chemical shifts, and AIM theory

The trans hydrogen bond 3hJNC‘ coupling observed between peptide groups in proteins is shown to be mediated by a closed shell, noncovalent interaction between the donor hydrogen atom and the acceptor oxygen atom. The magnitude of 3hJNC‘ is shown to be an exponential function of the mutual penetration of the nonbonding van der Waals shells of the isolated donor and acceptor fragments. Our results also show that the magnitude of JFF, the through-space coupling between two nonbonded fluorine nuclei in organic molecules and in a protein, exhibits a similar exponential dependence upon penetration of nonbonding monomer charge densities. These results support the idea that the existence of electron-coupled nuclear spin−spin coupling requires neither a covalent bond nor an attractive electrostatic bond between the coupled nuclei. By relating the results of calculations using Bader's theory of Atoms in Molecules, (Bader, R. F. W. Atoms in Molecules−A Quantum Theory; Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1990) to these couplin...
Selecting reliable sensors via convex optimization

One of the key challenges in sensor networks is the extraction of trusted and relevant information by fusing data from a multitude of heterogeneous, distinct, but possibly unreliable or irrelevant sensors. Recovering the desirable view of the environment from the maximum number of dependable sensors while specifying the unreliable ones is an issue of paramount importance for active sensing and robust operation of the entire network. This problem of robust sensing is formulated here, and proved to be NP-hard. In the quest of sub-optimum but practically feasible solutions with quantifiable performance guarantees, two algorithms are developed for selecting reliable sensors via convex programming. The first relies on a convex relaxation of the original problem, while the second one is based on approximating the initial objective function by a concave one. Their performance is tested analytically, and through simulations.
Fast circuit topology based method to configure the scan chains in Illinois Scan architecture

High test data volume and long test application time are two major concerns for testing scan based circuits. The Illinois Scan (ILS) architecture has been shown to be effective in addressing both these issues. The ILS achieves a high degree of data compression thereby reducing both test data volume and test application time. However, the fault coverage achieved in the Broadcast Mode of the ILS architecture depends on the actual configuration of individual scan chains, i.e., the number of chains and the mapping of the individual flip-flops of the circuit to the respective scan chain positions. Current methods for constructing scan chains in the ILS are either ad-hoc or rely on test pattern information from an apriori ATPG run. In this paper, we present a novel low cost technique to construct ILS scan configuration for a given design. It efficiently utilizes the circuit topology and tries to optimize the flip-flop assignment to a scan chain location without compromising the fault coverage in the Broadcast Mode. Thus, it eliminates the need of an apriori ATPG run or any test set information. Experimental results on the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show that the proposed ILS configuration method can achieve on an average 5% more fault coverage in the Broadcast Mode and an average 15% more reduction in total test data volume and test application time than the existing methods.
Cooperative lattice coding and decoding in half-duplex channels

We propose novel lattice coding/decoding schemes for half-duplex outage-limited cooperative channels. These schemes are inspired by the cooperation protocols of Azarian et al. and enjoy an excellent performance-complexity tradeoff. More specifically, for the. relay channel, we first use our lattice coding framework to generalize Yang and Belfiore implementation of the non-orthogonal amplify and forward cooperation protocol. This generalization is shown to offer significant performance gains while keeping the decoding complexity manageable. We then devise a novel variant of the dynamic decode and forward protocol, along with a lattice-coded implementation, which enjoys a near-optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff with a low encoding/decoding complexity. Finally, for the cooperative multiple-access channel, we present a lattice-coded implementation of the non-orthogonal amplify and forward protocol and demonstrate its excellent performance-complexity tradeoff. Throughout the paper, we establish the performance gains of our proposed protocols via a comprehensive simulation study.
Acetylcholine receptors in small cell carcinomas.

: The presence of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (m- and nAChR, respectively) in small cell carcinomas (SCC) of the lung was assessed by measurement of specific binding of (—)[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) and 125I-α-bungarotoxin, respectively. Of five SCC studied, four were originally derived from patients with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, an autoimmune disease of neuromuscular transmission, and one was from a patient without evidence of neurological disease. There was no evidence of nAChR, but all tumors bound (-)[3H]QNB in a saturable and specific manner. Dissociation constants derived from saturation isotherms ranged between 0.13 and 0.3 nM and maximum binding capacities between 35.4 and 181.7 fmol/mg protein (mean values for the five SCC). Competition studies revealed a pharmacological profile consistent with previous descriptions of mAChR. Competition by pirenzepine revealed only one class of binding sites, that with a relatively low affinity for pirenzepine. In the presence of the guanine nucleotide analogue 5′-guanylyl imidodiphosphate, a decrease in affinity of the mAChR of SCC for oxotremorine was observed, with an increase in the pseudo-Hill coefficient, but there was no change in the binding of atropine. The expression on SCC of mAChR, apparently of the M2 subclass, represents yet another neural differentiation marker of SCC. It is noteworthy that the expression of this marker is not restricted to patients with an autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome involving cholinergic neurons.