cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibrational Control of an Exothermic CSTR

Vibrational control is an open-loop control strategy implemented by fast zero-average oscillations in the input variables of a system. Vibrational control of an exothermic reaction in a CSTR modifies the dynamic behavior of the reactor and enables stabilized operation of the reactor in the unstable steady state region. The amplitude and frequency of forced periodic operation as well as the input variable selected for forced periodic operation affect the behavior of the system.
Automatic Identification of Closed-Loop Wind Turbine Dynamics via Genetic Programming

Wind turbines are nonlinear systems that operate in turbulent environments. As such, their behavior is difficult to characterize accurately across a wide range of operating conditions by physically meaningful models. Customarily, data-based models of wind turbines are defined in ‘black box’ format, lacking in both conciseness and physical intelligibility. To address this deficiency, we identify models of a modern horizontal-axis wind turbine in symbolic form using a recently developed symbolic regression method. The method used relies on evolutionary multi-objective optimization to produce succinct dynamic models from operational data without ‘a priori’ knowledge of the system. We compare the produced models with models derived by other methods for their estimation capacity and evaluate the tradeoff between model intelligibility and accuracy. Several succinct models are found that predict wind turbine behavior as well as or better than more complex alternatives derived by other methods.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The 1967 Arab–Israeli war: Soviet policy by other means?

ABSTRACTThis paper considers two aspects of historiography about the 1967 Arab–Israeli war – American and Soviet foreign policy in the region – to better appreciate the Soviet role in the outbreak of hostilities, as well as how the war concretized the USA–Israel ‘special relationship’ and weakened American–Arab relations. Relying especially on research from the Lyndon Johnson Presidential Library and Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS), this paper argues that Soviet officials had little interest in pursuing measures to prevent war during the prewar crisis because the situation promised to undermine American interests in the region.
Victorian Blockbuster Bodies and the Freakish Pleasure of Looking

Let us think together about pleasure. Is everything that we enjoy pleasurable, and can there be pleasure in that which we do not enjoy? And, poignantly, when and why do we feel the need to apologiz...
Effects of modifying urea hydrolysis in acute nephrectomy on survival, ammonia in cecal contents and blood metabolites.

SummaryAmmonia concentrations were increased in portal blood and in cecal contents of nephrectomized compared to sham-operated control rats at 24 hr after surgery. Portal blood urea was increased 7- to 8-fold in both male and female nephrectomized rats compared to sham-operated controls. Portal concentrations of trans-aconitate, isocitrate and glucose were increased in male nephrectomized rats at 24 hr after surgery while in female rats, cis- and trans-aconitate, citrate and isocitrate were elevated in portal blood at 24 hr after surgery. The increase in citrate in female rats was quite marked at 24 hr while in male rats citrate was lower than control. Oral treatment of nephrectomized rats with caprylohydroxamic acid did not affect the survival time following nephrectomy, while treatment with neomycin in the drinking water for 3 days prior to nephrectomy significantly prolonged survival following nephrectomy.Supported in part by NIH Gastroenterology Training Grant No. IT 01 AM05684-02 in the form of a pos...
Number of Repetitions Required to Retain Single-Digit Multiplication Math Facts for Elementary Students.

Computational fluency is an important aspect of math proficiency. Despite widely held beliefs about the differential difficulty of single-digit multiplication math facts, little empirical work has examined this issue. The current study analyzed the number of repetitions needed to master multiplication math facts. Data from 15,402 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders were analyzed using a national database. Results suggested that (a) students with lower math skills required significantly (p < .001) more repetitions than more skilled students; (b) across all students, single-digit multiplication facts with 4s, 5s, 6s, and 7s required significantly (p < .001) more repetition than did 2s and 3s; and (c) the number of practice sessions needed to attain mastery significantly (p < .001) decreased with increase in grade level. Implications for instructional planning and implementation are discussed.
Unsupervised Feature Learning Classification With Radial Basis Function Extreme Learning Machine Using Graphic Processors

Ever-increasing size and complexity of data sets create challenges and potential tradeoffs of accuracy and speed in learning algorithms. This paper offers progress on both fronts. It presents a mechanism to train the unsupervised learning features learned from only one layer to improve performance in both speed and accuracy. The features are learned by an unsupervised feature learning (UFL) algorithm. Then, those features are trained by a fast radial basis function (RBF) extreme learning machine (ELM). By exploiting the massive parallel computing attribute of modern graphics processing unit, a customized compute unified device architecture (CUDA) kernel is developed to further speed up the computing of the RBF kernel in the ELM. Results tested on Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology data sets confirm the UFL RBF ELM achieves high accuracy, and the CUDA implementation is up to 20 times faster than CPU and the naive parallel approach.
Japan's Policy on Oilseeds and Its Inspiration to China

Japan sees a shortage in its agricultural resources and large quantity of its produce depends on import.To support the domestic edible oil industry,the government offers the farmers subsidies.In recent years,soybean yields have grown in Japan in response to the incentive aroused by the relevant policy.The paper holds that Japan's practice is significantly referential for Chinese government to encourage its edible oil industry.
Clinical outcomes of children with abnormal newborn screening results for Krabbe disease in New York State

Early infantile Krabbe disease is rapidly fatal, but hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may improve outcomes if performed soon after birth. New York State began screening all newborns for Krabbe disease in 2006. Infants with abnormal newborn screen results for Krabbe disease were referred to specialty-care centers. Newborns found to be at high risk for Krabbe disease underwent a neurodiagnostic battery to determine the need for emergent HSCT. Almost 2 million infants were screened. Five infants were diagnosed with early infantile Krabbe disease. Three died, two from HSCT-related complications and one from untreated disease. Two children who received HSCT have moderate to severe developmental delays. Forty-six currently asymptomatic children are considered to be at moderate or high risk for development of later-onset Krabbe disease. These results show significant HSCT-associated morbidity and mortality in early infantile Krabbe disease and raise questions about its efficacy when performed in newborns diagnosed through newborn screening. The unanticipated identification of “at risk” children introduces unique ethical and medicolegal issues. New York’s experience raises questions about the risks, benefits, and practicality of screening newborns for Krabbe disease. It is imperative that objective assessments be made on an ongoing basis as additional states begin screening for this disorder. Genet Med 18 12, 1235–1243.
Minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy.

The advent of radioguided parathyroidectomy has allowed an entirely new approach to primary hyperparathyroidism. The emphasis can now be placed on the cellular activity of parathyroid glands to determine their location and makeup. These techniques allow nearly 90% of all parathyroid operations to be completed within 30 minutes under local anesthesia in a true outpatient setting. Moreover, frozen sections and the need for intraoperative hormone assays are eliminated.
Identification of Novel N-Glycosylation Sites at Noncanonical Protein Consensus Motifs

N-glycosylation of proteins is well known to occur at asparagine residues that fall within the canonical consensus sequence N-X-S/T but has also been identified at a small number of asparagine residues within N-X-C motifs, including the N491 residue of human serotransferrin. Here we report novel glycosylation sites within noncanonical consensus motifs, in the conformation N-X-C, based on mass spectrometry analysis of partially deglycosylated glycopeptide targets. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1AG) and serotransferrin (Tf) were observed for the first time to be N-glycosylated on asparagine residues within a total of six unique noncanonical motifs. N-glycosylation was initially predicted in silico based on the evolutionary conservation of the N-X-C motif among related mammalian species and demonstrated experimentally in A1AG from porcine, canine, and feline sources and in human serotransferrin. High-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to collect fragmentation data of predicted GlcNAcylated peptides and to assign modification sites within N-X-C motifs. A combination of targeted analytical techniques that includes complementary mass spectrometry platforms, enzymatic digestions, and partial-deglycosylation procedures was developed to confirm the novel observations. Additionally, we found that A1AG in porcine and canine sources is highly N-glycosylated at a noncanonical motif (N-Q-C) based on semiquantitative multiple reaction monitoring analysis-the first report of an N-X-C motif exhibiting substantial N-glycosylation. Although reports of N-X-C motif N-glycosylation are relatively uncommon in the literature, this work adds to a growing list of glycoproteins reported with glycosylation at various forms of noncanonical motifs.
Treatment of Human Metastatic Malignant Melanoma with High Dose Oral Melatonin

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) is the most rapidly increasing cancer in Caucasians throughout the world(1,2). The cause of the current epidemic is increasing exposure to ultraviolet light in the form of sunshine that has occurred over the past 50 years from changes in clothing habits and lifestyle (3,4). Most MM develop in pre-existing nevi, primarily in sun exposed sites, in fair skinned, blue eyed, brown haired, upper middle class Caucasians who work indoors but spend large amounts of time outdoors in leisure time activities (5,6). Unlike cancers beginning in the epithelial skin, which usually remain localized, MM spreads rapidly from the primary site to other parts of the body via the blood and lymphatic systems. Early surgical excision may be curative but once the disease has spread beyond regional lymph nodes no form of therapy has been shown to be of consistent and long lasting benefit. Based on current figures 20 to 30% of all persons currently diagnosed with MM will develop metastatic disease, and most if not all, will die as a direct consequence. Numerous forms of therapy have, or are, being tried including chemo and immunotherapy, vaccines and recently gene therapy (7,8,9). All have some limited effect but most patients eventually develop brain metastases and no therapy has been shown to significantly prolong life when this occurs (10). With this background we have begun to seek new and novel agents for the treatment of metastatic MM. Melatonin has been previously examined as a possible anti-neoplastic agent by a number of investigators, including ourselves (11,12,13). In-vitro melatonin has been shown to suppress the growth of cancer cells, including MM (12). Likewise in animal models of MM, administration of melatonin has been shown to delay disease progression and death (13). Melatonin, both alone and with other agents, has been used to treat a variety of human cancers with variable results, but generally low response rates (11,14). We previously reported on a phase 1, dose escalation trial of oral melatonin in patients with metastatic cutaneous and ocular MM(11). In this initial trial there was little toxicity, even at very high daily doses of oral melatonin, and occasional patients appeared to have minor responses with partial regression of metastatic disease. No dose response curve was noted in this study. Patients receiving very high doses (700mg per M2) were no more likely to respond than those receiving much lower doses. We therefore elected to carry out a further study using a fixed dose of oral melatonin (200mg orally per day) in a larger group of patients with metastatic MM to determine more precisely the possible therapeutic benefit and toxicity. The results of this study are reported here.
A Probability Model for a Modified Turbulent Cell Spectrum

Abstract: Turbulent cell spectral models ignore inner and outer scales or use formulations that are difficult analytically. We present a spectral model and PDF that account for scales and whose statistics have closed-form solutions.
Leveraging Mechanisms Governing Pancreatic Tumorigenesis To Reduce Pancreatic Cancer Mortality

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a devastating malignancy with limited and modest clinical treatments. High-throughput technologies and accurate disease models now provide a comprehensive picture of the diverse molecular signaling pathways and cellular processes governing PDA tumorigenesis. Central among these is oncogenic KRAS, a mediator of cellular plasticity, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammatory and paracrine signaling required for tumor development and maintenance. Biological aggressiveness is further conferred by a highly fibrotic and immunosuppressive PDA microenvironment that also acts as a barrier to effective drug delivery. The regulation of these mechanisms and their implications for early cancer detection, chemoprevention and therapy are discussed.
Standing in the need: culture, comfort, and coming home after Katrina

Standing in the Need: Culture, Comfort, and Coming Home is a captivating ethnography examining the complex role culture plays in shaping the recovery experience of one African-American family that ...
Erzählungen im Feld der Politik, Politik durch Erzählungen. Überlegungen zur Rolle der Narrationen in den politischen Wissenschaften

Der Mensch war und ist ein Geschichten erzahlendes, rezipierendes und interpretierendes Wesen! Erzahlungen sind diesbezuglich als ein „Metacode“ zu verstehen, vermittels dessen wir – kulturell wie transkulturell – erlebte Realitaten auf unterschiedliche Weise „(re-)konstruieren“ und deutend verarbeiten, indem wir sie mit Strukturen menschlicher Zeit versehen, und sie vor allem uberhaupt erst einmal kommunikabel machen, also gewissermasen erzahlend zur „Sprache“ bringen. In der Regel schopfen Menschen in Akten des Erzahlens – auf mehr oder weniger kreative Weise – aus dem Vorrat (inter-)kulturell verfugbarer Geschichten sei es, um gelebte Erfahrung im Narrativ zum Ausdruck zu bringen oder mogliche Welten in Fiktionsgeschichten zu entwerfen, sei es, um zu sagen, wer wir als Kollektiv oder Individuum sind bzw. waren, sein konnten oder sollten – die Geschichte der (kollektiven) (Selbst-)Gefahrdungen inbegriffen.
Predicting the effects of automation reliability rates on human-automation team performance

This study investigates the effects of reduced automation reliability rates on human-automation team performance. Specifically, System Modeling Language (SysML) activity diagrams and Improved Performance Research Integrated Tool (IMPRINT) models are developed for a tablet-based game which includes an automated teammate. The baseline model uses previously collected data from human-in-the-loop experiments where the automated teammate performs with 100% reliability. It is expected that team performance and user trust in automation will be affected if the automation is less reliable. The baseline model is modified to create alternate models that incorporate degraded automation reliability rates from 50% to 90%. This study finds that when automation reliability was 100% the automation was an effective teammate and enabled the human-automation team to achieve statistically improved performance over human-only scenarios. However, at reliability rates of 90% and less, the presence of the automated agent degraded system performance to levels less than achieved in human-only scenarios.
Abstract B14: TP53 synthetic lethal targets in colon cancer

We have performed a genome-wide screen for pathways that are synthetic lethal with TP53 mutations in colon cancer. RKO colon cancer cells are wild type for TP53, and display robust p53-dependent growth arrest and apoptosis. We utilized an isogenic pair of RKO cells differing only in TP53 gene status (wild type vs homozygous null derivative) to screen a genome-wide GeCKO CRISPR library. After infection of these cells with the library and culturing for one week in vitro, we performed deep amplicon sequencing to identify CRISPR guide RNAs that were underrepresented in TP53 knockout cells. Multiple CRISPR guide RNAs targeting the CHEK1 and SHH genes were underrepresented in TP53 knockout cells. To validate these targets, we used CRISPR genome engineering to create an independent panel of six RKO clones with biallelic disruption of TP53, and tested small molecule inhibitors of CHEK1 (UCN01) and the SHH receptor SMO (Cyclopamine). TP53 null cells were tenfold more sensitive to UCN01, and 100-fold more sensitive to Cyclopamine, compared to TP53 wild type cells. Finally, the relevance of these findings to human colon cancers was confirmed by the establishment and treatment of colon cancer organoid avatars with either wild type or mutant TP53. Normal colon organoids, and tumor organoids with wild type TP53 were unaffected by either drug, whereas TP53 mutant organoids were significantly growth inhibited. Future studies will focus on testing these and additional targets, alone and in combination, against primary colon tumor and normal avatars and other preclinical models of TP53-mutant colon cancer. Citation Format: Charles C. Weige, Changlong Liu, Erin L. Anderson, Carolyn E. Banister, Joseph Richardson, Carlo Contreras, Phillip J. Buckhaults. TP53 synthetic lethal targets in colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B14.
Multiechelon Lot Sizing with Intermediate Demands and Production Capacity

We study a multiechelon supply chain model that consists of a production level and several transportation levels, where the demands can exist in the production echelon as well as any transportation echelons. With the presence of stationary production capacity and general cost functions, our model integrates production, inventory and transportation decisions and generalizes existing literature on many multiechelon lot-sizing models. We first prove that the multiechelon lot sizing with intermediate demands (MLS) is NP-hard, which can also be seen as a single source network flow problem in a two-dimensional grid. For uncapacitated cases, we propose an algorithm to solve the MLS with general concave costs. The algorithm is of polynomial time when the number of echelons with demands is fixed, regardless of at which echelon the demands occur. With fixed-charge costs, an innovative algorithm is developed, which outperforms known algorithms for different variants of MLS and gives a tight, compact extended formulation with much less variables and constraints. For cases with stationary production capacity, we propose efficient dynamic programming based algorithms to solve the problem with general concave costs as well as the fixed-charge transportation costs without speculative motives. More importantly, our algorithms improve the computational complexities of many lot-sizing models with demand occurring at final echelon only, which are the special cases of our MLS model.
Finding Common Ground: A Communitarian Alternative to American Litigiouseness and Individual rights

Communitarianism is a relatively new political philosophy committed to bringing community to the center of political discourse. Communitariansim challenges Liberalism because it posits that individual rights are not singularly supreme, but that they need to be balanced by responsibilities to the larger community. Communitarians have noted a decline in community in modern America. To many communitarians, the discourse of litigation and legalism has cut against communitarian ideals and contributed to the decline of community in America. In this paper, the central question asked is what effect does litigation have on the ability of Americans to formulate stronger communities? I argue that although the rights-based discourse of litigation negatively affects community, there is some hope of accommodating legal dispute resolution with communitarian ideals. By using community mediation, community boards, and even the process of litigation itself, communitarians hope to reconcile the conflict between rugged individualism and strong community.
Plenary speaker - Professor Ram Narayanan

Over the past two decades, improvements in component technologies have resurrected the field of stochastic imaging in general, and noise radar technology in particular. Many of these advances have benefitted from enhancements in waveform implementation and high-speed sampling, as well as the introduction of novel signal processing approaches. This talk will briefly review the latest advances in noise radar and provide some promising ideas for further investigations.
ClpXP-Dependent RpoS Degradation Enables Full Activation of Type III Secretion System, Amylovoran Production, and Motility in Erwinia amylovora

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease of apple and pear, employs intracellular proteases, including Lon and ClpXP, for posttranslational regulation of various cellular proteins. It has been shown that Lon plays a critical role in E. amylovora virulence by directly targeting type III secretion system (T3SS) proteins and the Rcs phosphorelay system. In this study, we genetically examined the role of ClpXP and its potential interaction with Lon in E. amylovora. Mutation in clpXP diminished the expression of the T3SS, reduced exopolysaccharide amylovoran production and motility, and resulted in delayed disease progress. Western blot analyses showed highly accumulated RpoS proteins in the clpXP mutant. Moreover, mutation of rpoS in the clpXP mutant background rescued the expression of the T3SS and amylovoran production, suggesting that ClpXP-dependent RpoS degradation positively affects virulence traits. Interestingly, lack of both ClpXP and Lon resulted in significantly reduced virulence but increased expression of the T3SS and amylovoran production. However, this phenomenon was independent of RpoS accumulation, suggesting that ClpXP and Lon are indispensable for full virulence in E. amylovora.
Stresses in a pressurized cylindrical shell with two unequal diametrically opposite reinforced circular holes

This paper deals with an experimental determination of the stress distribution in a cylindrical shell with two diametrically opposite reinforced circular holes of different diameters. The shell is subjected to internal pressure. Both brittle coating and three-dimensional photoelasticity were used in the analysis. The results obtained are compared with those corresponding to a non-reinforced hole in a cylindrical shell with and without ribs.
First-Line Osimertinib in Patients with Treatment-Naive Somatic or Germline EGFR T790M–Mutant Metastatic NSCLC

Abstract In rare cases, patients present with baseline (somatic or germline) Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Thr790Met (T790M) mutations prior to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. This mutation confers resistance to first and second generation TKIs. Osimertinib is a third generation TKI that is FDA approved for use in patients with the EGFR T790M mutation and who have progressed on TKI treatment. To date, the only presented but unpublished experience with first-line osimertinib treatment in 5 patients with baseline T790M mutations who received osimertinib on an expansion cohort of the phase 1 AURA trial. The proper management of these patients is unclear. The EGFR T790M mutation and concurrent EGFR TKI sensitizing mutations were detected using next generation sequencing of tumor samples as part of standard of care testing. Response to treatment with osimertinib was monitored with CT imaging. When germline mutation evaluation was undertaken, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were sequenced for EGFR mutations. Three patients with recently diagnosed treatment naive metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and either somatic or germline EGFR T790M mutations were treated with osimertinib. All three patients had reduction in tumor burden on CT scan with treatment. This report is the first published description of osimertinib treatment in the first-line metastatic setting for patients with somatic or germline EGFR T790M mutations. Patients had good response, with improvement in symptoms and decreased tumor burden on CT scans. This study suggests osimertinib treatment should be considered for patients with baseline EGFR T790 mutations in the first-line setting.
Effect of ground plane size on a rectangular microstrip patch antenna based on te modes supported by perfect magnetic conducting surface

The effects of varying the size of the ground plane of a rectangular microstrip antenna, which can excite TE modes, are investigated in this paper. The magnetic conducting patch and ground planes replace the electric conducting patch and ground plane. The antenna is designed following the conventional design steps by applying duality theorem to it in order to excite the TE modes. An L-probe feed excites the patch antenna. Antenna characteristics such as impedance bandwidth and radiation beamwidths are investigated by varying the ground plane size.
Design of a High-Q Resonant Raman Amplifier

We analyze silicon-based resonant Raman amplifiers. We provide an initial design study based on nanopatterned c-Si films. By spectral and angular tuning, two resonant lines exhibit the proper spectral Raman separation for silicon.
Theory of Mind Deficits and Reactive Aggression in Child Psychiatric Inpatients: Indirect Effects Through Emotion Dysregulation

Nationwide, there is a pressing need to develop more efficacious treatment regimens for reactively aggressive youth receiving inpatient psychiatric services. Identifying the relevant clinical characteristics of youth with reactive aggression is an important first step in this process. Past research findings and theoretical formulations have suggested that deficits in both social skills and emotional regulation abilities are significantly associated with the development of reactive aggression in children. Utilizing a highly aggressive child inpatient sample (65 males and 36 females) receiving crisis-stabilization services, we tested the hypothesis that emotion dysregulation statistically mediated the relationship between theory of mind deficits and reactive aggression. As hypothesized, results of bootstrapped mediational analyses indicated that theory of mind deficits were associated with higher levels of reactive aggression via the indirect influence of dysregulated affect. These findings suggest that intervention programs for reactively aggressive children should promote both theory of mind skills and emotion regulation abilities. Children that develop more thoughtful styles of perspective taking coupled with an enhanced ability to modulate their emotions may develop a greater ability to employ the rational conflict resolution skills that underlie peaceful social relationships.
Space Charge Effects in Dielectric Liquids

Insulating liquid dielectrics used in power apparatus, such as transformers and cables, and in pulse power technology, such as Marx generators and pulse forming lines, have their performance affected by injected space charge. The space charge distorts the electric field distribution and introduces the charge migration time between electrodes as an additional time constant over the usual dielectric relaxation and fluid transport times. Pipe flows and a Couette flow system of coaxial cylinders where the inner cylinder can rotate are described which measure the streaming current for flow electrification where the mobile part of the electrical double layer is entrained in the flow. Charge injection from high voltage stressed electrodes is measured by this Couette apparatus as well as by Kerr electrooptic field and charge mapping measurements. Such optical measurements are described between parallel plate and coaxial cylindrical electrodes for nitrobenzene, ethylene carbonate, highly purified water, water/ethylene glycol mixtures, transformer oil, liquid and gaseous SF6, and high voltage stressed and electron beam irradiated polymethylmethacrylate. Specific attention is directed to highly purified water because Kerr electrooptic measurements, voltage-current terminal measurements, and electrical breakdown tests have shown that the magnitude and polarity of injected charge and the electrical breakdown strength depend strongly on electrode material combinations and voltage polarity.
The relationship between acoustical and perceptual measures of vocal effort.

Excessive vocal effort is a common clinical voice symptom, yet the acoustical manifestation of vocal effort and how that is perceived by speakers and listeners has not been fully elucidated. Here, 26 vocally healthy adults increased vocal effort during the production of the utterance /ifi/, followed by self-ratings of effort on a 100 mm visual analog scale. Twenty inexperienced listeners assessed the speakers' vocal effort using the visual sort-and-rate method. Previously proposed acoustical correlates of vocal effort were calculated, including: mean sound pressure level (SPL), mean fundamental frequency (fo), relative fundamental frequency (RFF) offset cycle 10 and onset cycle 1, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), cepstral peak prominence and its standard deviation (SD), and low-to-high (L/H) spectral ratio and its SD. Two separate mixed-effects regression models yielded mean SPL, L/H ratio, and HNR as significant predictors of both speaker and listener ratings of vocal effort. RFF offset cycle 10 and mean fo were significant predictors of listener ratings only. Therefore, speakers and listeners attended to similar acoustical cues when making judgments of vocal effort, but listeners also used additional time-based information. Further work is needed to determine how vocal effort manifests in the speech signal in speakers with voice disorders.
Concluding Chapter: Theories of Justice and International Trade Law

Why does a textbook on trade law end with a chapter on justice? By justice I mean that branch of political theory (going back to Aristotle) that concerns itself with the allocative fairness of social institutions, i.e. how rights, resources, privileges and opportunities are divided among those participating in the social enterprise. Why, indeed, has the relationship between justice and international economic law become an increasingly urgent subject of academic and policy debate? First, it has been increasingly recognized that international economic law and its institutions are powerful engines of resource allocation, establishing patterns of distribution for market access, subsidies, IP, investment capital, rights of establishment, dispute resolution between states and within states, and among various groups, entities, firms and individuals. So, we must then ask ourselves, “What kind of distributive pattern is international economic law making, and what do we think of it?” The stark figures on global poverty and political instability around the world, with an undeniable (but contentious) connection to the structure of economic relations between and within countries, have highlighted the stakes involved in this relationship. So too have the globalization debates, putting the distributive effects of international economic law and its institutions at the centre of global justice.
Immunomodulatory T cell death associated gene-8 (TDAG8) receptor in depression-associated behaviors

Converging evidence supports neuroimmune factors in depression psychopathology. We previously reported reduced depression-like behavior in immunomodulatory G-protein-coupled receptor, T cell death-associated gene-8 (TDAG8) deficient mice. Here, we expand on those findings by investigating depression- and anxiety-associated behaviors, and cytokine profiles in TDAG8-deficient mice. TDAG8-deficiency reduced depression- and anxiety-associated behaviors in the forced swim test (FST), open-field test and elevated zero maze. Interestingly, cytokine expression, particularly IL-6, was attenuated within hippocampus and spleen in TDAG8-deficient mice following the FST. There were no differences in immune-cell frequencies. Collectively, these data suggest a contributory role of TDAG8 in neuroimmune regulation and depression-associated physiology.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging as a prognostic biomarker in treatment-naïve pulmonary hypertension

Abstract Purpose Targeted treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), diagnosed via right heart catheterization (RHC), has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality. Identifying characteristics that predict clinical worsening has been challenging. We sought to evaluate the role of cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) as a predictor of clinical worsening in a cohort of treatment-naive pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients. Methods We performed a retrospective single center analysis of all adults with newly diagnosed treatment-naive PH between January 1st 2013 and January 1st 2019. Patients with World Health Organization (WHO)-Group I PAH or WHO-Group II/III PH disease, who underwent both CMR (Signa Horizon 1.5 T, General Electric, Milwaukee, WI and Siemens Espree 1.5 T, Munich, Germany) and RHC testing prior to targeted PAH treatment, were included for analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed. Results A total of 38 patients, of which 12 (32 %) experienced the primary outcome of clinical worsening. were included in the final analysis, Patients with clinical worsening were significantly more likely to have RV dysfunction by CMR (including lower RV ejection fraction (HR 0.93, p = 0.007) and more RV dilation (HR 1.02, p = 0.005-0.021)) and RHC (including worse pulmonary vascular resistance (HR 1.32, p Conclusions In treatment-naive PH patients, including those with WHO-Group II/III disease, both CMR and RHC measures independently and significantly predicted clinical worsening, even after adjustment for disease severity.
Impact of a 4-hour Introductory eFAST Training Intervention Among Ultrasound-Naïve U.S. Military Medics.

Introduction Advances in the portability of ultrasound have allowed it to be increasingly employed at the point of care in austere settings. Battlefield constraints often limit the availability of medical officers throughout the operational environment, leading to increased interest in whether highly portable ultrasound devices can be employed by military medics to enhance their provision of combat casualty care. Data evaluating optimal training for effective medic employment of ultrasound is limited however. This prospective observational cohort study's primary objective was to assess the impact of a 4-hour introductory training intervention on ultrasound-naive military medic participants' knowledge/performance of the eFAST application. Materials and methods Conventional U.S. Army Medics, all naive to ultrasound, were recruited from across JBLM. Volunteer participants underwent baseline eFAST knowledge assessment via a 50-question multiple-choice exam. Participants were then randomized to receive either conventional, expert-led classroom didactic training or didactic training via an online, asynchronously available platform. All participants then underwent expert-led, small group hands-on training and practice. Participants' eFAST performance was then assessed with both live and phantom models, followed by a post-course knowledge exam. Concurrently, emergency medicine (EM) resident physician volunteers, serving as standard criterion for trained personnel, underwent the same OSCE assessments, followed by a written exam to assess their baseline eFAST knowledge. Primary outcome measures included (1) post-course knowledge improvement, (2) eFAST exam technical adequacy, and (3) eFAST exam OSCE score. Secondary outcome measures were time to exam completion and diagnostic accuracy rate for hemoperitoneum and hemopericardium. These outcome measures were then compared across medic cohorts and to those of the EM resident physician cohort. Results A total of 34 medics completed the study. After 4 hours of ultrasound training, overall eFAST knowledge among the 34 medics improved from a baseline mean of 27% on the pretest to 83% post-test. For eFAST exam performance, the medics scored an average of 20.8 out of a maximum of 22 points on the OSCE. There were no statistically significant differences between the medics who received asynchronous learning versus traditional classroom-based learning, and the medics demonstrated comparable performance to previously trained EM resident physicians. Conclusions A 4-hour introductory eFAST training intervention can effectively train conventional military medics to perform the eFAST exam. Online, asynchronously available platforms may effectively mitigate some of the resource requirement burden associated with point-of-care ultrasound training. Future studies evaluating medic eFAST performance on real-world battlefield trauma patients are needed. Skill and knowledge retention must also be assessed for this degradable skill to determine frequency of refresher training when not regularly performed.
High dimensional model representation of log-likelihood ratio: binary classification with expression data

Binary classification rules based on a small-sample of high-dimensional data (for instance, gene expression data) are ubiquitous in modern bioinformatics. Constructing such classifiers is challenging due to (a) the complex nature of underlying biological traits, such as gene interactions, and (b) the need for highly interpretable glass-box models. We use the theory of high dimensional model representation (HDMR) to build interpretable low dimensional approximations of the log-likelihood ratio accounting for the effects of each individual gene as well as gene-gene interactions. We propose two algorithms approximating the second order HDMR expansion, and a hypothesis test based on the HDMR formulation to identify significantly dysregulated pairwise interactions. The theory is seen as flexible and requiring only a mild set of assumptions. We apply our approach to gene expression data from both synthetic and real (breast and lung cancer) datasets comparing it also against several popular state-of-the-art methods. The analyses suggest the proposed algorithms can be used to obtain interpretable prediction rules with high prediction accuracies and to successfully extract significantly dysregulated gene-gene interactions from the data. They also compare favorably against their competitors across multiple synthetic data scenarios. The proposed HDMR-based approach appears to produce a reliable classifier that additionally allows one to describe how individual genes or gene-gene interactions affect classification decisions. Both real and synthetic data analyses suggest that our methods can be used to identify gene networks with dysregulated pairwise interactions, and are therefore appropriate for differential networks analysis.
Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood in Those Without a Comorbid Intellectual Disability

Transitioning from adolescence to adulthood is a difficult journey for all adolescents, and it can be especially challenging for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder without a comorbid intellectual disability. Navigating the features associated with mastering daily living skills, understanding puberty and sexuality, transitioning from pediatric health care to adult health care, seeking out postsecondary education and vocational opportunities, and dealing with mental health issues can be challenging. It is important for parents, professionals, and school personnel to have an extensive understanding of the issues that may affect these adolescents in order to help them access resources and facilitate a successful adult outcome. This chapter highlights the challenges faced by adolescents in these areas, presents a case study, and provides resources and strategies that may aid adolescents in achieving independence and autonomy.
Effects of tourniquet use in paediatric lower leg surgery.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of the tourniquet and its effect on post-operative pain in the paediatric population following lower leg procedures. Methods A r...
The emergency department care for hemodialysis patient during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to patients with end-stage kidney disease who receive treatment in outpatient dialysis centers. These patients represent a fragile population that is at higher risk for both infection and transmission. At the start of the pandemic, many suspected COVID-19 dialysis patients were diverted to the emergency department (ED) for testing/treatment, placing a tremendous burden on the ED and inpatient dialysis units. Several recommendations and guidelines have been established to optimize patient care while also decreasing the burden on the ED and inpatient dialysis units and maximizing the ability to perform outpatient hemodialysis. As the pandemic continues, dialysis facilities will have an increasing burden to provide safe and accessible dialysis, while also being able to direct patients to the ED for either emergent dialysis or COVID-19 treatment/testing. We reviewed opinions, recommendations and guidelines developed by professional organizations and dialysis facilities for the management of "patients under investigation" (PUIs) and COVID-19 positive patients that depend on whether the suspicion occurs while the patient is at home vs. at the dialysis center.
Functional Autonomy Challenges in Sampling for an Europa Lander Mission

We present a baseline approach to Functional Autonomy for the purpose of conducting excavation and sampling behaviors in a proposed Europa Lander mission. Aspects of the problems of site selection, excavation progress tracking, and fault identification are related; with particular emphasis on parameters peculiar to an icy moon environment. First pass approaches to addressing these challenges are presented in isolation, while motivating the current development goal of producing a general Functional Autonomy architecture that allows state estimation, fault detection, isolation, & recovery (FDIR), and adaptive behaviors to be formulated in concert.
Music Then and Now

A new textbook called Music Then and Now reflects the author’s teaching experience in a course called First Nights. The new book emphasizes deep study of a small number of pieces, and focuses the attention of students on performance as a collaborative activity.
Fish and Wildlife

In the adjoining column, "equalizing reservoirs" are classified as "reservoirs within the areas served and delivering finished water ready for consumption to the distribution system." Such water is going directly into the system without further treatment. The next stop is the kitchen tap. But "terminal reservoirs" are classified as "areas providing end storage of water prior to treatment." The water still goes through a filtration process or other purification procedure before arriving at the kitchen tap. Prohibiting fishing in those reservoirs doesn't make
Comparing Self-Reported Infant Safe Sleep From Community- and Health Care-Based Settings.

Objective: To compare self-reported safe sleep data from a community social service agency and primary care centers. Design, Settings, and Participants: Cross-sectional Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)–based survey data from a community social service agency and survey data from primary care centers were compared using descriptive statistics. There were 166 community survey respondents, average age of 25 years (SD = 5.4 years), and 79 primary care center respondents, average age of 24 years (SD = 5.4 years). Two binary logistic regressions were performed to examine the association between demographic differences and safe sleep position/bed sharing. Results: Safe sleep position responses did not differ significantly between the community-based (n = 126, 85%) and primary care center–based (n = 62, 79%) samples, χ2(1) = 0.79, P = .372. Reported bed sharing was significantly higher in the community sample (n = 54, 36%) than the health care center sample (n = 4, 5%), Fisher’s exact test, P< ...
Performance of Finishing Steers Fed Modified Wet Distillers Grains

Preconditioned steer calves weighing 690 lbs were fed diets containing on a dry basis 0, 24.9 and 47.0 percent modified wet distillers grains (DGS) for 186 days. Wet DGS replaced a portion of corn and supplement in a diet containing dry rolled corn, corn silage, tub-ground corn stalks and supplement. Steers were implanted initially with Component E-S and terminally with Component TE-S. Daily gains were not statistically different among diets. Steers fed 47% DGS consumed less feed and tended to be more efficient. There were no statistically significant differences in carcass weight, backfat, ribeye area, marbling score or yield grade, however feeding 47% DGS decreased the percent of carcasses grading USDA Choice from 83 to 72 and the percent of carcasses meeting Certified Angus Beef standards from 19 to 12. Establishing the value of each carcass using a grid pricing structure indicated the average carcass values of steers fed 24.9% or 47% DGS were respectively $7 more than or $38 less than the carcasses from the control steers. With price of DGS at 1.0, 0.75 and 0.50 times the cost of corn on a dry basis feed costs ($/steer) were 181, 165 & 151 (corn, $2/bu) and 246, 237 & 218 (corn $3/bu) for 0, 24.9 and 47.0% DGS, respectively with DGS priced equal to corn; 181, 155 & 134 and 246, 222 & 192 with DGS priced 0.75 times the price of corn and 181, 146 & 117 and 246, 208 & 166 with DGS priced 0.50 times the price of corn. This analysis indicated that high levels of wet DGS should not be fed when DGS is priced equal to corn, but the high levels can be fed at all prices of corn when the DGS is priced at 75% or less than the price of corn.