cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Problems and progress in volcanology

Summary Volcanoes are, and always have been, concentrated chiefly along continental edges and within ocean basins. Volcanism is most nearly continuous in orogenic belts, other than those of Alpine-Himalayan type, and in the oceans; it is intermittent and short-lived adjoining orogenic belts and ceases for vey long periods only in continetal nuclei. More information is needed concerning the shapes and depths of volcanic reservoirs. Wedging, stoping and fluxing rather than explosive churning are the chief means by which vents are opened. The source and maintenance of heat are largely unsolved problems, but much of the requisite thermal energy probably comes from ascending juvenile gases. Among the factors that control volcanic behaviour one of the chief is the rate of vesiculation; magma composition, degree of crystallization, retrograde boiling and depth of magma chambers appear to be relatively unimportant. The origin of the water vapour given off by volcanoes remains in dispute, but in certain kinds of eruptions groundwater plays an important part. Many calderas and volcano-tectonic depressions owe their formation chiefly to large-scale subterranean migration of magma. methods of prediction are being improved; seismic and tilt measurements now offer the most reliable information, but magnetic and electric methods merit further trial.
Parallel Implementations of a Scalable Consistent Labeling Technique on Distributed Memory Multi-Processor Systems

An efficient implementation of a consistent labeling technique can lead to a fast solution in solving all kinds of tree search problems by reducing the search space from a potentially exponential size to a much smaller size. In this paper a scalable parallel algorithm is presented in achieving labeling consistency. This algorithm is optimal in execution time as well as in processor-time product. It is suitable for implementation on most distributed memory multiprocessor system.
Heat-shock protein peptide complex–96 vaccination for recurrent glioblastoma: a phase II, single-arm trial

Background Outcomes for patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are poor and may be improved by immunotherapy. We investigated the safety and efficacy of an autologous heat-shock protein peptide complex–96 (HSPPC-96) vaccine for patients with recurrent GBM.
RESEARCH ETHICS IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE

A framework for the ethical conduct of research is constructed within this article. The historical developments and current state of ethical principles and regulations guiding ethical conduct of research are reviewed, while situations unique to emergency medicine research are highlighted. Also discussed are the related issues of scientific misconduct, conflict of interest, authorship guidelines, and publication ethics.
Movement Time Modulates Spatial Assimilation Effects in Rapid Bimanual Movements

(2004). Movement Time Modulates Spatial Assimilation Effects in Rapid Bimanual Movements. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 203-208.
Competency restoration: an examination of the differences between defendants predicted restorable and not restorable to competency.

According to the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Jackson v. Indiana (1972), examiners must determine if a defendant has “substantial” probability of regaining competency through treatment “in the foreseeable future.” Previous research has indicated that, given the low base rate of defendants unable to be restored to competency, examiners are relatively poor at predicting which defendants will regain competency. Determining the characteristics of not restorable incompetent defendants and restorable incompetent defendants is a necessary first step toward improving examiners' ability to predict a defendant's likelihood of regaining competency. This study examined the competency evaluation reports of 468 defendants evaluated for competency to stand trial. Incompetent defendants significantly differed from competent defendants with regard to age, employment status, ethnicity, criminal charges, and psychiatric diagnosis. Few significant differences existed between defendants predicted restorable and those predicted not restorable by mental health examiners—the differences that did exist were related mainly to nonpsychiatric variables.
Arbitrary-Moment Internally Mixed Dynamic Equation

Although aerosol models usually endeavor to predict the number or mass distribution of particles, many applications require other constant moments, moments that vary with particle size, or multiple moments. Here we derive the equations governing multi-component condensation/evaporation for a general distribution function that may present an arbitrary moment (either integer or non-integer) or an arbitrary combination of such moments. We used analytical solution of the evolution equation instead of a commonly used operator splitting. A variant of Bott's positive definite advection scheme was employed to simulate advection processes. Several variants of this general distribution function were tested: sum of the mass (3rd moment) and number (0th moment) distributions; an intermediate (1.5th moment) distribution; and the sum of these mass, number and intermediate distributions. These functions were tested using different evolution scenarios (condensation or evaporation) and different size grid resolutions (fin...
Predator and Prey Models with Flexible Individual Behavior and Imperfect Information

abstract: To begin identifying what behavioral details might be needed to characterize community dynamics and stability, we examined the effect of prey behavioral responses to predation risk on community dynamics and stability. We considered the case of prey altering their foraging effort to trade off energy gain and predation risk. We used state‐dependent dynamic optimization to calculate the optimal trade‐off for four models of prey behaviorally responding to predation risk. We consider a fixed behavior model in which prey use constant levels of foraging effort and three flexible behavior models in which prey change their foraging effort according to their physiological state and their perceived level of predation risk. Flexible behavior was destabilizing at the community level as evidenced by higher predator‐prey oscillations and lower community persistence times. The mechanisms by which prey estimated predation risk also affected community stability. We found that community dynamics resulting from pre...
Prototyping a Dedicated Photovoltaic System Datalogger

Solar power is a renewable energy seen as one of the primary sources for electricity production in order to meet our daily needs. The conversion operation is sensitive and non-fault tolerant that can occur during operation of the system that affects its overall performance. We propose in this present paper a compact, low power and low-cost datalogger for the control and the monitoring based on a survey measures of five important physical parameters in the management and monitoring of the functioning of an electric system based on solar panels. These measures will be carried out at regular intervals, configurable through a PIC18F4520 microcontroller and stored in a large capacity memory type SD card. Full Text: PDF DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v16i3.9421
The local ill-posedness of the modified KdV equation

Abstract We find a new method for proving the local ill-posedness of the Cauchy problem for non-linear partial differential equations. The method is used to prove that the Cauchy problem for the Modified KdV equation is ill-posed in Sobolev spaces H s ( R ), s
Constitutional Rights for Nonresident Aliens: A Doctrinal and Normative Argument

The decision in Boumediene v Bush, 553 U.S. 723 (2008), held that nonresident aliens (NRAs) detained for years in Guantanamo have a constitutional right to bring a habeas petition to challenge their detention. But the larger issue of constitutional rights for NRAs remains unresolved. Do NRAs outside of Guantanamo have constitutional rights? If so, do they enjoy more substantial protections, such as those under the Fourth and Fifth Amendments? I argue here that the doctrine remains unclear, the text is likewise unclear, originalist arguments should carry little force, but the normative argument is clear. As a condition of the legitimacy of U.S. law, NRAs must enjoy a range of constitutional rights that protect them from unjust harm at the hands of the United States. This argument is the general part of a pair of articles; the other part argues specifically that NRAs enjoy Fourth Amendment rights not to be subject to unreasonable searches and seizures — see Alec Walen, Fourth Amendment Rights for Nonresident Aliens, German Law Journal, Forthcoming.
Ichneumon promissorius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Development on North American Hosts

Ichneumon (= Pterocormus ) promissorius (Erichson) is native to Australia where it has been collected from Helicoverpa spp. This pupal parasitoid searches the soil surface for host pupation sites, burrows into the pupal gallery, and oviposits into the host pupa. I. promissorius developed successfully on several indigenous lepidopteran species, including Helicoverpa, Heliothis , and Spodoptera spp. Rearing I. promissorius in the laboratory was accomplished by exposing uncovered host pupae to female wasps for 24-48 h. Eggs hatched about ≍36 h after oviposition, and larvae molted to the pupal stage ≍8 d after oviposition. I. promissorius has four larval instars. The developmental time of I. promissorius varied with the host species and the age of the host pupa at the time of oviposition. Data from this study should be useful in developing laboratory rearing techniques for I. promissorius and in predicting the possible establishment of I. promissorius on indigenous noctuid pests.
Apparent serological variation within a strain of influenza virus.

SummaryEvidence is presented that an-tigenic variation took place in a line of the PR8 strain of influenza virus propagated through continuous passage in tissue culture and eggs as compared with a line of the same strain maintained in mice.
Stylistic and Chemical Investigation of Turquoise-Blue Glass Artifacts from the Contact Era of Wisconsin

AbstractTypologically and visually similar glass trade beads, found on many archaeological sites of Native and French interaction in Wisconsin dating to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, often vary in chemical composition. These chemical differences likely indicate both fluctuating technological processes in European glass "recipes" and changes related to suppliers of trade goods to North America. To investigate regional differences among bead compositions, 87 turquoise-blue glass beads and 2 remelted glass pendants from five different seventeenth-century and early-to-mid-eighteenth-century sites in present-day Wisconsin were analyzed nondestructively using Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The different glass recipes can be divided into chemical subgroups that reflect both the chronological period assigned to the archaeological site and the geographic proximity of sites. The analysis reveals details about the exchange of trade goods and the dynamic populatio...
The Antigenic Relationship of Shigella Alkalescens (Type I, De Assis) to Other Aerobic, Gram-Negative Bacilli

Shigella alkalescens from Shigella paradysenteriae Flexner is of practical importance since both microorganisms differ in their pathogenic significance; thus far, there is no conclusive evidence that Shigella alkalescens is the cause of epidemic or endemic outbreaks of dysentery in man, although this microorganism may be pathogenic and e.g. cause infections of the urinary system. In regard to its antigenic structure, Shigella alkalescens is related to Shigella paradysenteriae Flexner; antiShigella alkalescens serum agglutinates certain strains of Shigella paradysenteriae Flexner and certain anti-Shigella paradysenteriae Flexner serums agglutinate Shigella alkalescens. On the other hand, absorption experiments revealed that Shigella alkalescens possesses an antigenic component that is not shared by Shigella paradysenteriae Flexner, and that apparently is characteristic of this species. The antigenic relationship of Shigella alkalescens to other aerobic, gram-negative bacilli was studied and is presented in the following report.
Parsons, Thomas E. The Work of Giants: The Campaign and Battle of Tupelo/Harrisburg, Mississippi, June-July 1864

On the surface, there is no shortage of books, scholarly or otherwise, on the Civil War. It is by far the most written about and argued over military conflict in American history. By now, one could...
The Primary Current Magnification Techniques in the Current Transformer Basic Error Site Verification

The accuracy and reliability of HV electric energy metering are tightly associated with the huge economic interests of power plants,power system and customers,which are concerned by all. According to national measurement verification regulations,the primary current magnification techniques are the key and difficult points in the current transformer basic error site verification. This paper summarized several techniques to solve this problem.
Alternate methods of first-trimester diagnosis.

SUMMARY Fetal medicine is a new discipline that emerged out of the expansion of modern technology. Evaluation of the fetus heretofore was not possible except by indirect methods. Pregnancy management focused primarily on the care of the mother with the expectation that the fetus would be an indirect beneficiary. Our present-day approach to pregnancy and prenatal evaluation has been altered by the introduction of new techniques such as ultrasound, amniocentesis, and CVS, which have made the fetus and its intrauterine environment accessible. Improvements in ultrasonographic equipment have allowed for better visualization of the fetus, earlier detection of structural anomalies, and facilitation of the performance of invasive procedures. The recent introduction of CVS represents a major step toward achieving the goal of early diagnosis. Prevailing experience has demonstrated that it is a relatively safe and reliable procedure with a low complication rate. Early amniocentesis may be considered as an alternative to CVS when the latter is not advisable, although future studies are needed to accurately estimate the procedure-related risks (Table 5). Transcervical endoscopy allows a more detailed appreciation of fetal anatomy, although its role in clinical practice remains to be defined. Biochemical markers such as alpha fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, and hCG, alone and in combination, have been studied regarding their potential to predict chromosomal abnormalities. Today there is a changing trend in prenatal diagnosis with women requesting more information about their unborn child and expecting such information earlier in gestation. The goal of prenatal diagnosis has been directed toward earlier detection to reduce the anxiety of waiting and permit the safer option of first-trimester termination of pregnancy.
Development of a computer simulation for laboratory planning.

OBJECTIVE This study presents a description of a laboratory simulation model and how it can be used to aid in making management decisions for meeting laboratory personnel and instrumentation needs to provide the quality of health care desired. DESIGN Observations were made and data recorded about resources from the appropriate areas in the laboratory. The computer model was developed using a simulation application program. The simulation was then run in three different configurations to obtain data on how changes in the laboratory may affect resource usage. SETTING A 600-bed hospital laboratory was used as the model to collect initial data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measurements were obtained for the effects of three different employee/instrument mixes to determine the effects of instrument utilization, employee workload, and specimen turn around time. RESULTS The outcomes measured showed varying degrees of resource utilization versus processing times of specimens. CONCLUSION Simulation can be an effective means of providing information to aid the laboratory manager in making decisions about resource needs in the clinical laboratory.
Abstract 1547: Circulating tumor cells from a syngeneic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma demonstrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition, decreased MHC I expression, and increased CCR7 expression

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients, worldwide. A better understanding of how cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, escape from immunosurveillance while in circulation, and successfully colonize distant parts of the body, is needed. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are excellent tools to study this process. Using a syngeneic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, we were able to isolate cancer cells from the primary tumor and CTCs from the blood and establish novel primary tumor-derived cell lines and novel CTC lines. Wound healing assays revealed that CTCs have greater migratory capacity than the cancer cells from the primary tumors. However, MTT assays revealed that CTCs had less proliferative capacity than the cancer cells from the primary tumors. Furthermore, molecular characterization of the cancer cells from primary tumors and CTCs using Western blotting showed a decreased expression of E-cadherin and an increased expression of fibronectin by CTCs, suggesting that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) takes place in CTCs in comparison to cancer cells from primary tumors. To address the question of how CTCs may evade immunosurveillance, we investigated the profile of expression of two cell surface proteins involved in immune system function: the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI)- required for cytotoxic T cell activation and subsequent cancer cell killing, and chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7)- exploited by cancer cells for immune evasion. Our analysis revealed that there is decreased cell surface expression of MHCI and increased expression of CCR7 in the CTCs in comparison to the cancer cells from primary tumors. These findings indicate that although CTCs are not more proliferative, they have acquired significantly increased migratory capacity than cancer cells in primary tumors. This may be explained by their demonstration of EMT. Furthermore, their loss of MHC I expression and their gain of CCR7 expression may help with evasion of killing by cytotoxic T cells and result in enhanced metastasis. Citation Format: Jeannette A. Huaman, Ubayed Muhith, Dibash K. Das, Michelle Naidoo, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi. Circulating tumor cells from a syngeneic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma demonstrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition, decreased MHC I expression, and increased CCR7 expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1547.
The Athlete-Student Dilemma: Exploring the Experiences of Specially Admitted Student–Athletes at a Division III University

In higher education, it is the responsibility of institutional leaders to ensure the success of all students (Tinto, 1993), even those who failed to meet general admission requirements. This case study explored the challenges associated with enrolling student–athletes at a Division III institution with less than desirable admission standards (Stake, 1995). This study examined 199 specially admitted student–athletes that enrolled at Rowan University between 2007 and 2011 and found that a lack of support and proper programming has placed this population in a disadvantageous position. This coupled with student engagement that was found to further isolate student–athletes from the rest of campus, have contributed to a lack of academic success from many in this population. To better serve the needs of this population, Rowan University could implement a support program to assist this group as it navigates its educational pathways. This support program would include hiring professionals to track and mentor this population as it transitions from high school to college-level academics. Additionally, the institution could increase communication between the athletic department and advising center to better serve the academic needs of this population.
Channel-transporter complexes: an emerging theme in cell signaling.

In a recent edition of Biochemical Journal , Mistry and colleagues described the discovery of a novel protein complex, formed from the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) [Biochem. J. (2016) Hoover, S.R]. The importance of these two proteins in the regulation of salt balance and blood pressure has long been known, as has their overlapping expression in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. The new study by Mistry et al. now demonstrates their physical interaction in the kidney and when heterologously co-expressed. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate some degree of functional co-dependence between ENaC and NCC, with pharmacological inhibition of the latter diminishing activity of the former when the two are co-assembled. This novel and potentially important interaction adds to a growing number of recently identified channel–transporter (‘chansporter’) complexes, which together constitute an emerging theme in cell signaling.
The Eclipse and Rebirth of American Philosophical Pluralism: a History Lesson about His-tory

The 1950s and `60s saw a struggle in American academic philosophy between a philosophical tradition that maintained a central role for the history of philosophy along with an openness to diverse philosophical methods and an ascendant analytic approach that marginalized its own history and restricted the scope of philosophy to self-generated philosophical problems. Columbia University in this period, while marked by these tensions, still provided a fertile ground for generating teacher-philosophers whose pedagogy reflected a deep and serious respect for history and philosophical pluralism. John Herman Randall Jr. and Justus Buchler were two of the central figures who fostered such an environment in Columbia’s Philosophy Department. Joseph P. Fell was a product of this environment and brought these traits to his classroom at Bucknell University. Playing off of Hegel’s insights into history, this essay will reflect upon the philosophies of Randall and Buchler with an eye toward pedagogy, especially as recalled in classes taught by Fell. The subtext of these reflections will provide a commentary on trends within academic philosophy in America over the last 40 years.
Catalytic Anti-Markovnikov Hydroallylation of Terminal and Functionalized Internal Alkynes: Synthesis of Skipped Dienes and Trisubstituted Alkenes.

We have developed catalytic anti-Markovnikov hydroallylation of terminal and functionalized internal alkynes. In this article, we describe the development of the reaction, exploration of the substrate scope, and a study of the reaction mechanism. Synthesis of skipped dienes through the hydroallylation of terminal alkyl and aryl alkynes with simple allyl phosphates and 2-substituted allyl phosphates is described. The hydroallylation of functionalized internal alkynes leads to the formation of skipped dienes containing trisubstituted alkenes. We demonstrate that the hydroallylation of internal alkynes can be used in the regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of complex trisubstituted alkenes. A mechanism of the hydroallylation reaction is proposed, and experimental evidence is provided for the key steps of the catalytic cycle. Stoichiometric experiments demonstrate an unexpected role of lithium alkoxide in the carbon–carbon bond-forming step of the reaction. A study of the hydrocupration of internal alkyne...
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: What Have We Learned Over the Past Decade?

Background and objectives In this manuscript, we update the literature over the last decade in addressing several new content areas that have emerged in the grandfamilies literature, along with issues that are still important to understanding grandparents raising their grandchildren today. Research design and methods The social science and gerontological literature since 2004 was accessed, reviewed, organized topically, and integrated, based upon an exhaustive PsychINFO literature search. Results Our review indicates an ongoing and/or growing emphasis on (a) the strengths of grandparent raising grandchildren, (b) diversity among grandfamilies along a number of parameters, (c) the social-interpersonal, cultural, and policy-related contexts of grandfamilies, (d) process-focused research, (e) parenting, parenting skills, and family relationships, (f) grandparent psychological distress, (g) targets for and the efficacy of interventions with grandfamilies, and (h) methodological issues relevant to the study of grandfamilies. Implications We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of more completely understanding grandfamilies along a number of parameters, as well as presenting specific recommendations for future research and practice.
Interference-Free Transmission for X channels

In this chapter, we investigate how to send space-time codes with full diversity and low decoding complexity for X channels using precoders. First, we assume that we have 2 transmitters and 2 receivers. Each transmitter sends different codewords to each receiver at the same time. We propose an orthogonal transmission scheme that combines space-time codes and array processing to achieve low-complexity decoding and full diversity for transmitted signals. To our best knowledge, this is the first scheme which can achieve low-complexity decoding and full diversity for any transmitted codeword in X channel when all the users transmit at the same time. Finally, we show that under certain conditions, our proposed scheme can be extended to a general case with any number of transmitters and receivers each with any number of antennas. Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis.
Link Between Parkinson Disease and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder With Dream Enactment: Possible Implications for Early Rehabilitation

The purpose of this article is 2-fold: first, to inform readers of the link between the loss of motor inhibition during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreaming, diagnosed as REM sleep behavior disorder, and the future onset of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies; it has been reported that motor disinhibition during REM sleep often precedes the onset of these disorders by years or even decades; second, to consider that the identification of REM sleep behavior disorder and the early involvement of rehabilitation and/or development of home exercise plans may aid in prolonging and even increasing function, independence, and quality of life, should such neurodegenerative disorders develop later in life.
Adenosine and Coronary Vascular Pharmacology

It is generally accepted that adenosine plays an important role in the regulation of coronary blood flow by producing vasorelaxation. This effect has been proposed to be mediated predominantly by extracellular A2 adenosine receptors which are coupled to various effector systems via G-proteins (1). In the vascular smooth muscle, activation of the A2 adenosine receptors has been shown to induce augmentation of cAMP production, hyperpolarization of cell membrane, and inhibition of calcium fluxes and phosphoinositide metabolism. However, recent evidence indicate that the coronary adenosine receptors are more complex and may involve the participation of various other factors. There are reports indicating that A2 adenosine receptors may also be located on the coronary endothelium, mediating endothelium-dependent responses, and the smooth muscle may also contain other types of adenosine receptors, including A1 adenosine receptors which are coupled to adenylate cyclase and PKC-mediated responses (2,3). In this chapter, we review the status of the coronary smooth muscle and endothelial adenosine receptors mediating relaxation, and the regulation of PKC in coronary artery by adenosine agonists, based on our recent data.
The Diversity of Layered Halide Perovskites

The two-dimensional congeners of the well-known three-dimensional perovskites display new properties enabled by their reduced dimensionality. Here, organic molecules separate inorganic sheets, affording the properties of both discrete molecules and extended solids in single, well-defined materials. The choice of organic and inorganic components engenders a large range of structural motifs, which yield diverse properties such as electroluminescence, white-light emission, photoconductivity, porosity, and reactivity. Layered halide perovskites have been known for decades. Their recent resurgence compels us to understand the fundamental studies that set the stage for their current technological relevance. We are not providing a comprehensive review of this vast and rapidly growing field. Instead, we highlight some of the discoveries that have directed current research in this field. We hope to introduce new researchers to layered halide perovskites to bring fresh perspectives to study this venerable family of...
A Case of Cephalic Tetanus in an Elderly Patient with Trismus

We report a case of a 77-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Room with a three-day history of oral lesions and jaw tightness. Her physical examination was remarkable for the presence of trismus and white ulcers on the visible portion of the tongue. CT head and neck was unremarkable, and she was discharged with empiric treatment for oral candidiasis. She returned two days later with worsening symptoms and subsequently developed tonic-clonic seizures. MRI of the brain and temporomandibular joints were noncontributory. Psychiatry was consulted, and the patient was prescribed olanzapine and mirtazapine for suspected depression with somatization symptoms. She continued to deteriorate despite therapy and developed right lid ptosis and ophthalmoparesis, which led to a presumptive diagnosis of cephalic tetanus. On the 14th day of illness, tetanus immune globulin, metronidazole, and tetanus toxoid vaccine were administered. Despite treatment, the patient died after 24 days of hospitalization. This case illustrates the importance of early recognition of tetanus since successful treatment depends on timely administration of immune globulin.
Human Performance Enhancement

Thus far, we have been demonstrating the applications of Anxiety Management Training to different types of human disorders. In each case maladaptive behaviors are implicitly assumed to be characteristic of the help-seeker. In this chapter, no such assumption is made. Instead we are working with persons who have proven themselves to be extremely talented but whose life setting confronts them with stresses not usually faced by others with less talent. We are referring to athletes, musicians, theatre and dance performers.
Dynamic student modelling in an intelligent tutor for LISP programming

We describe an intelligent tutor for LISP programming. This tutor achieves a set of pedagogical objectives derived from Anderson's (1983) learning theory provide instruction in the context of problem-solving, have the student generate as much of each solution as possible, provide immediate feedback on errors, and represent the goal structure of the problem-solving. The tutorial interface facilitates communication and prevents distracting low-level errors Field tests of the tutor in college classes demonstrate that it is more effective than conventional classroom instruction.
Using ships of opportunity for array element localization and relative channel impulse response estimation

The uncertainty of estimating relative channel impulse responses (CIRs) obtained using the radiated signature from a ship of opportunity is investigated. The ship observations were taken during a 1.4 km (11 min) transect during the Noise Correlation 2009 (NC09) experiment. Beamforming on the angle associated with the direct ray-path yields an estimate of the ship signature, subsequently used as a matched filter. Relative CIRs are estimated every 2.5 s independently at three vertical line arrays (VLAs) for a total of 270 observations per VLA. The estimated relative arrival-time uncertainty is inversely proportional to source bandwidth and CIR signal-to-noise ratio, and reached a minimum standard deviation of 5 μs (approximately 1 cm). The direct-path relative arrival-times are used to construct time series for each VLA element across the 11 min observation interval. The overall structure of these time series compares favorably with that predicted from an array element localization (AEL) model that exhibits sensitivity on the order of centimeters. The short-term standard deviations calculated on direct-path (7 μs) and bottom-reflected-path (17 μs) time series are in agreement with the estimated arrival-time accuracies. The implication of these observed arrival-time accuracies in the context of making sound speed perturbation and bottom-depth estimates is discussed.The uncertainty of estimating relative channel impulse responses (CIRs) obtained using the radiated signature from a ship of opportunity is investigated. The ship observations were taken during a 1.4 km (11 min) transect during the Noise Correlation 2009 (NC09) experiment. Beamforming on the angle associated with the direct ray-path yields an estimate of the ship signature, subsequently used as a matched filter. Relative CIRs are estimated every 2.5 s independently at three vertical line arrays (VLAs) for a total of 270 observations per VLA. The estimated relative arrival-time uncertainty is inversely proportional to source bandwidth and CIR signal-to-noise ratio, and reached a minimum standard deviation of 5 μs (approximately 1 cm). The direct-path relative arrival-times are used to construct time series for each VLA element across the 11 min observation interval. The overall structure of these time series compares favorably with that predicted from an array element localization (AEL) model that exhibits...
Lund Human Mesencephalic (LUHMES) Neuronal Cell Line Supports Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Latency In Vitro.

Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cells are human embryonic neuronal precursor cells that can be maintained as proliferating cells due to the expression of a tetracycline-regulatable (Tet-off) v-myc transgene. They can be differentiated to postmitotic neurons by the addition of tetracycline, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and dibutyryl cAMP. We demonstrate that these cells can be infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3 with the majority of cells surviving. By 6 days postinfection, there is a loss of lytic gene transcription and an increase in the numbers of neurons that express the latency-associated transcripts (LATs). Importantly, the virus can then be reactivated by the addition of a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, which has previously been shown to reactivate HSV-1 in rat neuron cultures. While rodent primary culture neuron systems have been described, these are limited by their lack of scalability, as it is difficult to obtain more than 500,000 neurons to employ for a given experiment. Several recent papers have described a human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron culture model and human induced pleuripotent stem cell (iPSC) neuron culture models that are scalable, but they require that the presence of an antiviral suppression be maintained following HSV-1 infection. The human LUHMES cell model of HSV-1 infection described here may be especially useful for studying HSV-1 latency and reactivation on account of its scalability, its amenability to maintenance of latency without the continual use of antiviral inhibitors, and its latent gene expression profile which mirrors many properties observed in vivo, importantly, the heterogeneity of cells expressing the LATs.IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is responsible for significant morbidity in humans due to its ability to cause oral and genital lesions, ocular disease, and encephalitis. While antivirals can attenuate the severity and frequency of disease, there is no vaccine or cure. Understanding the molecular details of HSV latency and reactivation is key to the development of new therapies. One of the difficulties in studying HSV latency has been the need to rely on establishment of latent infections in animal models. While rodent primary neuron culture models have shown promise, they yield relatively small numbers of latently infected neurons for biochemical and molecular analyses. Here we present the use of a human central nervous system (CNS)-derived conditionally proliferating cell line that can be differentiated into mature neurons and latently infected with HSV-1. This model shows promise as a scalable tool to study molecular and biochemical aspects of HSV-1 latency and reactivation in human neurons.
Transnational homespun, citizen-art and Hindu-Muslim Gandhi ashrams: A working note on, against, and toward spirituality

ABSTRACTThis essay grows out of ongoing conversations between Timothy Dobe, a scholar of South Asian religions and Gandhian studies, and Aaron Sinift, the ‘citizen-artist’ at the heart of the khadi...
Molecular markers for myoblast transplantation in GRMD.

Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) has been proposed to be an animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (Kornegay et al., 1989). We have been studying GRMD to determine the underlying defect in this model using methodology and cDNA probes developed for the study of DMD (Koenig et al., 1987). Observed molecular differences between normal and affected animals may be useful for monitoring myoblast transfer in this model similar to what Ron Worton proposed as a means of defining tissue-specific markers for myoblast transplantation in DMD families (Worton reference this book). To illustrate the potential use of these markers of transplantation, an example of a human pedigree with a restriction fragment polymorphism which differs between individuals is illustrated in Figure 1. In this particular pedigree, there are two patients with deletions. Two potential markers would be useful for testing persistence of donor myoblasts after transplantation. The molecular markers in this case would be the presence of the deleted portion of the gene found in normal donor myoblasts, and if the donor was a non-carrier female, a gene dosage analysis which discriminates between the relative dosage of the X and Y-specific sequences would identify the donor cells.
Multiculturalism and Diversity in Urban Revitalization

This article examines the uses of “diversity” in the revitalization of two public housing projects in Toronto, Canada: Regent Park and Lawrence Heights. Both revitalization plans emphasize a diversity of use, diversity of income, and diversity of culture. I argue the diversity of diversity serves as a legitimizing tool for the revitalization projects and that the use of the term is productively ambiguous and draws from the cachet of Canadian multiculturalism, without explicitly naming race and racial inequality. My analysis sheds light on tensions between the types of diversity, challenging the potential for the framework to address structural inequality via revitalization. While both diversity and mix (mixed income or diversity of incomes, for example) are generally taken-for-granted terms in planning discourse, promoting more equitable planning practices requires analyzing them more closely in context.
Recategorized WISC-R Scores for Non-Handicapped, Learning Disabled, Educationally Disadvantaged and Regular Classroom Navajo Children

WISC-R Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ's and Bannatyne recategorized scores were compared for groups of non-handicapped, educationally disadvantaged, learning disabled, and regular classroom...
Cold Tolerance and Population Dynamics of Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae).

In California’s San Joaquin Valley, feeding by the coreid pest, Leptoglossus zonatus, can cause considerable economic loss on almond and pistachio. This research was conducted to improve understanding of how winter temperatures affect mortality of overwintering adult L. zonatus and to develop a better understanding of the role pomegranate plays in the species’ life-history. We exposed 7410 field-collected adult L. zonatus to temperatures between −2 and −10 °C for a period of three, four, or six hours using insect incubators. At six hours of exposure, the, LD50 and LD95 occur at −5.8 and −9.7 °C, respectively. We classified L. zonatus as chill-intolerant. Temperatures cold enough to affect substantial mortality of overwintering L. zonatus rarely occur in the San Joaquin Valley. Whole aggregation destructive sampling from a pomegranate hedgerow in Fresno County was conducted to determine population dynamics. At late summer to early fall, aggregations consisted of >90% immature stages. By early to mid-winter, mean aggregation size decreased, consisting of only three to 12 late-instars and adults. During years one and two of the experiment, L. zonatus produced a generation on pomegranate, mostly between September and mid-November. Overwintering did not occur on pomegranate, rather the majority of adults emigrated to other overwintering locations by mid-winter.
Scaffolding and Assessing Teachers’ Examination of Games for Teaching and Learning

This chapter is situated in an 11-week doctoral study (April–June 2013) that applied the Game Network Analysis (GaNA) framework to scaffold and assess 14 pre-service teachers’ knowledge and skills for game-based learning (GBL) around 3 focal areas, namely, game analysis, game integration, and ecological conditions. The chapter illustrates how formative and summative assessments were created using the GaNA framework (a) to support participating pre-service teachers to examine games as a form of curriculum and (b) to afford the researcher to qualitatively and quantitatively capture the change in teachers’ game literacy and the extent to which it was integrated with teachers’ design of game-based lesson plans. The chapter presents group findings and an illustrative case study of Max, a male pre-service English/language arts teacher learning (a) to examine the situated affordances and constraints of games through direct and vicarious ways, (b) to document their findings about a game, and (c) to reflect on the possibilities of repurposing a game for curricular use. The chapter concludes with implications for researchers and teacher educators interested in supporting teachers to adopt technological and pedagogical innovations where learning is mediated through play.
Arab Threat and Social Control: An Exploration of the Relationship Between Ethnic Attitudes and Punitiveness Among Israeli Jews.

Numerous studies in the United States, as well as a smaller number of studies in other Westernized countries, have linked racial and ethnic attitudes to support for more punitive forms of crime con...
Introduction of Social Influence Analysis

With the emergence and rapid proliferation of social applications and media, such as instant messaging (e.g., WhatsApp, Viber, WeChat, Snapchat, Line, Facebook Messenger, and Google Hangouts), sharing sites (e.g., Flickr, YouTube, and Yelp), blogs (e.g., WordPress and LiveJournal), wikis (e.g., Wikipedia and PBWiki), microblogs (e.g., Twitter and Weibo), social networks (e.g., Facebook), and collaboration networks (e.g., DBLP), there is little doubt that social influence is becoming a prevalent, complex, and subtle force that governs the dynamics of all social networks. Therefore, social influence study has started to attract intense attention due to many important applications.
Unsupervised Learning for Online Abnormality Detection in Smart Meter Data

The analysis of abnormalities in smart meter data has applications in load forecasting, cyber security, fault detection, electricity theft detection, demand response, etc. Abnormality is broadly defined in this paper as any unusual electricity consumption instance or trend that falls outside of the normal usage patterns for each load, whether in terms of magnitude, time of usage, etc. Unusual electricity consumption can have different signatures and different duration of time. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of four unsupervised machine learning methods for abnormality detection on real-world smart meter data, namely prediction-based regression, prediction-based neural network, clustered-based, and projection-based methods. Different types of features, such as load-based, contextual, and environmental, are investigated to construct the data-driven models. It is shown that different abnormality detection methods have different ability for detecting different types of abnormalities; and their performance depends on the set of features used for training the method. Accordingly, different types of features are scrutinized for each abnormality detection method.
Abstract B29: Intraoperative identification of critical vascular landmarks of the lateral oropharynx and tongue base using transoral robotic ultrasound (TORUS)

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an expanding domain of minimally invasive surgery, which has been employed since 2009 in the United States primarily for the management of upper aerodigestive tract tumors (1). Tongue base reduction is an emergent application of TORS in obstructive sleep apnea (2). The technique uses the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) to deliver a camera and instruments on three robotic arms. Identification of large-caliber blood vessels emanating from the external carotid artery is a critical step in TORS for tongue base and lateral oropharynx disease. Specifically, control of the lingual artery and facial artery branches is necessary for safe surgical dissection (3). Previously, the use of ultrasound has been described in TORS for the intraoperative localization of retropharyngeal lymph nodes (4-6). One case series in the literature has described the use of a handheld ultrasound probe in TORS for pharyngeal and base of tongue tumors (7). We describe the use of a novel miniaturized ultrasound probe (Mindray North America, San Jose, CA, USA) capable of being manipulated by the da Vinci arm to allow intraoperative transoral robotic ultrasonography (TORUS). The ergonomics of this system was evaluated in human cadavers, followed by an efficacy trial in a porcine model. Two surgeons, one experienced (FCH) and one novice (VV), performed ultrasound-guided identification of the lingual and buccal arteries. Time to identification was measured. Mean time in seconds for the localization of the buccal artery was 53.0 for the experienced robotic surgeon versus 27.5 for the novice surgeon (p=0.10), and 55.0 versus 268.0, respectively, for the lingual arteries (p=0.003). Herein, we show the feasibility of TORUS to identify the large-caliber blood vessels of the oral cavity and oropharynx during TORS. This platform may allow for safer dissection, without a significant increase in operative time or need to interrupt the robotic setup. Future directions include human clinical trials, measurement of tumor volume, depth of invasion, and identification of additional surgical landmarks. Citation Format: Wen P. Liu, F. Chris Holsinger, Varun Vendra. Intraoperative identification of critical vascular landmarks of the lateral oropharynx and tongue base using transoral robotic ultrasound (TORUS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; 2019 Apr 29-30; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_2):Abstract nr B29.