cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marker Systems for the Phenotypic Recognition of Maternally Derived Trisomics in Maize

Marker systems are described for selected B-A translocations in maize that will permit the phenotypic recognition of different doses of the respective chromosome arm transmitted through the female parent. These markers are transposable elements that exhibit dosage effects on the rate or timing of transposition of a nonautonomous responder in a reporter anthocyanin pigment gene. The crossing protocol to produce and recognize segregating kernels with different doses of the respective chromosomal segments is outlined. The ability to distinguish different doses inherited from the female parent will facilitate tests of parental gene imprinting, dosage interaction of different genomic regions, as well as standard gene localization and dosage studies.
The Preparation of Ammonolysis and Aminolysis Products of Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium Dichloride

Abstract Methods of preparation are given for the amides (π-C5H5)2Ti (NH2)C1·NH4C1, (π-C5H5)2Ti[N(CH3)2]C1, (π-C5H5)2Ti(NHC2H5)C1 and (π-C5H5)2Ti(C5H10N)C1 which avoid cleavage of the π-C5H5-Ti bond and produce more nearly stoichiometric amides.
Strained InGaAs quantum well lasers grown on (111)=B GaAs

The growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs strained quantum well lasers on GaAs
ACTIVE-EYES: an adaptive pixel-by-pixel image-segmentation sensor architecture for high-dynamic-range hyperspectral imaging

The ACTIVE-EYES (adaptive control for thermal imagers via electro-optic elements to yield an enhanced sensor) architecture, an adaptive image-segmentation and processing architecture, based on digital micromirror (DMD) array technology, is described. The concept provides efficient front-end processing of multispectral image data by adaptively segmenting and routing portions of the scene data concurrently to an imager and a spectrometer. The goal is to provide a large reduction in the amount of data required to be sensed in a multispectral imager by means of preprocessing the data to extract the most useful spatial and spectral information during detection. The DMD array provides the flexibility to perform a wide range of spatial and spectral analyses on the scene data. The spatial and spectral processing for different portions of the input scene can be tailored in real time to achieve a variety of preprocessing functions. Since the detected intensity of individual pixels may be controlled, the spatial image can be analyzed with gain varied on a pixel-by-pixel basis to enhance dynamic range. Coarse or fine spectral resolution can be achieved in the spectrometer by use of dynamically controllable or addressable dispersion elements. An experimental prototype, which demonstrated the segmentation between an imager and a grating spectrometer, was demonstrated and shown to achieve programmable pixelated intensity control. An information theoretic analysis of the dynamic-range control aspect was conducted to predict the performance enhancements that might be achieved with this architecture. The results indicate that, with a properly configured algorithm, the concept achieves the greatest relative information recovery from a detected image when the scene is made up of a relatively large area of moderate-dynamic-range pixels and a relatively smaller area of strong pixels that would tend to saturate a conventional sensor.
On the mean free path of medium-energy nucleons in nuclear matter☆

Abstract We show that the “experimental” value of the mean free path of nucleons in nuclear matter deduced from elastic nucleon—nucleus scattering is ambiguous and depends critically on the parametrization chosen for the radial shape of the optical potentials. We find that a realistic choice of radial potential shapes, based on recent theoretical advances in nucleon optical models, leads to derived values for the mean free path at medium energies which are compatible with a simple microscopic expectation.
Sustaining High Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Knowledge and the Structure of the Economy

This paper discusses the role of knowledge and the structure of the economy in sustaining high economic growth, with an emphasis on SubSaharan Africa. A model of growth, involving learning from different activities, is proposed. Within the context of that model, a discussion is provided on some of the recent issues and debates around structural change of economies, and in particular on the measures for measuring the change. Special attention is placed on the recent measures such as Hausmann et al.’s (2007) EXPY and Lall’s (1998) technology measures and the popular Herfindahl and Revealed Comparative Advantage measures used for analysing the change in export mixes.
SAR Images of Rooms and Buildings Based on FDTD Computer Models

This paper presents synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of rooms and buildings based on numerical simulations, with application to sensing through the wall (STTW) scenarios. We use the finite-difference time-domain modeling technique to compute the radar return from configurations of increasing complexity, where humans and furniture objects are placed in a room. We apply SAR image formation techniques and analyze the images obtained for various wall materials, aspect angles, and radar parameters. We investigate the multipath propagation issues relevant to STTW imaging radar and discuss the radar parameter tradeoff based on image quality. We also look at images obtained in cross-polarization, demonstrating how this radar operational mode can achieve significant clutter rejection. The phenomenological results obtained in this paper can be used as guidance by radar engineers in order to optimize the performance of STTW SAR imaging systems.
Clinical Genetic Aspects of ASD Spectrum Disorders

Early presumptions opined that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was related to the rearing of these children by emotionally-distant mothers. Advances in the 1960s and 1970s clearly demonstrated the biologic basis of autism with a high heritability. Recent advances have demonstrated that specific etiologic factors in autism spectrum disorders can be identified in 30%–40% of cases. Based on early reports newer, emerging genomic technologies are likely to increase this diagnostic yield to over 50%. To date these investigations have focused on etiologic factors that are largely mono-factorial. The currently undiagnosed causes of ASDs will likely be found to have causes that are more complex. Epigenetic, multiple interacting loci, and four dimensional causes (with timing as a variable) are likely to be associated with the currently unidentifiable cases. Today, the “Why” is more important than ever. Understanding the causes of ASDs help inform families of important issues such as recurrence risk, prognosis, natural history, and predicting associated co-morbid medical conditions. In the current era of emerging efforts in “personalized medicine”, identifying an etiology will be critical in identifying endo-phenotypic groups and individual variations that will allow for tailored treatment for persons with ASD.
Refracture of adolescent femoral shaft fractures: a complication of external fixation. A report of two cases.

Malunion is often a problem in adolescent femoral shaft fractures treated with traction and subsequent casting. We used external fixation as an alternative treatment method to control alingment and allow early mobilization. After fracture healing and fixator removal, two patients experienced refracture. This unusual complication is the basis of our report. Prolonged rigid or static fixation appears to be detrimental to sufficient callus formation and healing
Coronary artery bypass. The physiological basis for differences in flow with internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts.

Thirty-nine saphenous veins (SV’s) and nine internal mammary arteries (IMA’s) were obtained from patients at operation. The vessels were mounted in a tissue bath and pressurized while diameter and length were measured. Measurements of wall volume were obtained radiologically. IMA’s increased gradually in diameter up to 200 mm. Hg; SV’s increased sharply in diameter up to 50 mm. Hg and then exhibited constant diameter. At 100 mm. Hg, IMA diameter was 2.7 ± 0.2 mm. and SV diameter was 4.7 ± 0.2 mm. Mean wall thicknesses of IMA’s and SV’s were 0.26 and 0.39 mm., respectively. Based on these data, at any volume flow, flow velocities in IMA’s were computed to be three times those in SV’s. Reynolds numbers computed for IMA and SV diameters indicated that flow in bypass grafts probably is nonturbulent. At 100 mm. Hg, activation of the vascular muscle elicited a 15 percent decrease in diameter of IMA’s, but only a 3 percent decrease in diameter of SV’s. In related studies, steel tubes 0.84 to 4.39 mm. inner diameter were perfused with human blood to measure the pressure drop with flow. For flows up to 200 c.c. per minute, pressure drop was minimal with decreasing diameter until 2 to 3 mm. was encountered. At this diameter, pressure loss increased sharply. Integration of flow-pressure loss data for IMA and SV diameters showed that the cumulative pressure loss along the course of IMA’s results in decreased exit pressure to perfuse native coronary vessels. This provides a quantitative physiological explanation for the lower coronary flows obtained clinically with IMA’s as compared with SV’s.
Women’s Lyric, 1880–1920

Most accounts of the period from 1880 to 1920 assume a seismic shift in literary trends during these years. This assumption applies to lyric as a genre as well as to women’s writing. How can women’s lyrics shift from the deceptively simple ‘songs’ of Christina Rossetti (1830–1894) to the stark imagism of H.D. (1886–1961) without rupture and repudiation? In the volume that follows this one, Jane Dowson continues to tell a story of disruption between the Victorian and the Modernist periods, distinguishing the women poets of 1920–1945 from the ‘sentimental subject matter’ and ‘cliched language associated with the denigrated “poetess” of their predecessors’. Yet how can a poet whose modernism arises from inspiration by Swinburne, as Cassandra Laity argues of H.D., reject Swinburne’s own admiration of Christina Rossetti’s formal innovations? Christina Rossetti, often thought of as a mid-Victorian poet, reaches a high point in her long career in the 1880s, while H.D. was publishing her first volume in the last decade covered here. Their works bookend the dynamism of these decades, in which the poems of a Victorian’s maturity and a modernist’s youth share techniques of repetition and simplicity that are “cryptic” and “devastating” in both cases. The simplicity and impersonality that dominated women’s lyric poetry in these years contribute to a modernist avant-garde, culminating in the crystalline imagism of H.D’s early poems. The imagism of H.D.’s Sea Garden continues a line of questioning present in late Victorian women’s poetry about what the lyric is, how and whether it ‘speaks’, and how it might model relational dynamics, reframing how the ‘I’ and ‘thou’ interact in a poem. Women poets of the turn of the century experimented with condensed poetic styles in order to transform the absent presence of lyric from a contradiction in terms to a way of understanding the difficult negotiations between self and other and to accommodate the difference and even discordance of otherness.
Digital Notch Filters-A Number Theoretic Approach

Intentional and unintentional narrowband jamming is a continuing problem in the fields of communication, instrumentation, control, and others. A mitigating agent is a digital narrowband incision, or notch filter. Unfortunately, achieving high-speed along with programmability, frequency selectivity, low-complexity, at a low cost is a goal that is difficult to achieve. This paper presents a new number theoretic enabled design paradigm for creating high-performance notch filters. The design strategy leads to a linear-phase Type I incision filter solution that can be implemented without need of a single multiplication. As a result the developed notch filters can meet the most elevated speed, packaging, and power requirements found in mobile wireless and similar application domains.
728. Tissue-Directed Transgene Engineering for AAV and Lentivector Gene Therapy Approaches

Clinical gene therapy frequently is encumbered by low transgene product biosynthesis at predictably safe vector doses. It has been hypothesized that the presence of rare codons may regulate transgene product expression through depletion of the available cognate tRNA pool. Codon optimization is the prominent strategy utilized to overcome this hypothesized limitation and involves replacing rare, presumably translation rate-limiting, codons with the most frequent ones. Typical algorithms attempt to match the codon usage frequency of the transgene coding sequence to that of target organism's total mRNA pool, which has been shown to approximate the overall available tRNA concentrations. Upon closer examination, it appears that both codon frequency and tRNA content vary between tissue types. Therefore, we hypothesize that codon-optimization can be improved by tailoring to the codon-frequency of the most highly expressed genes present in target cell types. Our tissue-directed codon optimization algorithm utilizes novel codon usage indices generated from target cell gene expression data. As proof of concept, we developed tissue-codon optimized variants of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) to be utilized in lenti- and adeno-associated viral (LV and AAV, respectively) vectors. These two vectors are the leading platforms for clinical gene therapy of hemophilia A. LV is utilized to target autologous hematopoietic cell types ex vivo while AAV is delivered intravenously to genetically-modify hepatocytes. However to date, development-stage LV and AAV gene therapy products for hemophilia A have been characterized by low-level FVIII transgene product biosynthesis. Initially, we designed human hepatocyte-, monocyte- and standard overall human-optimized FVIII constructs (LCO, MCO and HCO, respectively) to be compared to wild-type FVIII. Upon initial examination, expression of LCO-FVIII was shown to be 3-fold greater than either MCO- or wild-type FVIII from the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, following transient transfection. In contrast, LCO-FVIII and MCO-FVIII expression was diminished 12 and 4-fold, respectively, compared to wild-type in the ‘neutral’ human embryonic kidney 293T cell line. Furthermore, following hydrodynamic injection of naked plasmid DNA into hemophilia A mice, LCO-FVIII exhibited a sustained 10-fold increase in FVIII expression relative to the HCO-FVIII comparator. In attempt to generate a lead candidate for clinical translation, we utilized several of our most promising vector components to construct a liver-optimized AAV8 vector consisting of LCO-ET3, our previously described high-expression bioengineered FVIII variant, transcriptionally driven by a novel 146bp liver-directed promoter and adjacent MVM intron. Following intravenous delivery into hemophilia A mice, vector doses of 1e12 and 1e11 vector genomes per kg achieved sustained, predictable curative plasma FVIII levels of 200% and 20% of normal human levels, respectively. These initial results support the utility of our novel approach of clinical tissue-directed transgene optimization.
Pain Reduction Using Vibration in Aesthetic Injections and in Eye and Facial Plastic Surgery

For patients undergoing almost all injections in all procedures, adjacent vibration provides anesthesia and reduces pain at the injection site, particularly in sensitive areas. It has no major side effects. It can be used alone or in combination with topical anesthestic, or cryoanesthesia for additional pain reduction.
Consistency vs. Cognition in Manner of Death Classification: “But That's how I Was Trained!”:

In the process of certification of manner of death, consistency and cognition can sometimes be seen to be at war. There are a number of reasons for the prevalence of practical conventions for certi...
Creative Resonance and Misalignment Stance: Achieving Distance in One Hebrew Interaction

This paper elaborates on one element of the theory of Dialogic Syntax, Du Bois’ main tool for stance-taking, namely creative resonance. The examples are taken from a recording of a car ride which was part of data collected for the analysis of Hebrew. The focus in the analysis is on misalignment, when participants use stance acts to distance themselves from each other. The main claim of this paper is that whenever a stance act takes place, the relations between the participants are at stake. I show how creative, and to a lesser extent pre-existing, resonance can be used for creating and enhancing distance in misalignment. The discussion connects resonance and Dialogic Syntax with other frameworks for the study of language and interactions.
New Mathematical Model for Wireless Signal Path Loss inside Buildings

Mobile communications have evolved in a very rapid manner along with other fast-growing communication technologies. The widespread use of this technology has turned mobile communications into a life style. Thus the necessity for high quality and high capacity networks with thorough coverage has become one of the major demands. Many models have been proposed to cover the signal strength measurements and estimations, which make it easy to provide an efficient and reliable coverage area. One such model is the Okumura model, an accepted standard. In this paper we propose a new mathematical model for calculating the path loss inside buildings especially in elevators which are considered a very critical metropolitan feature where signal drops occur. In our work, radio wave propagation and frequency measurements were taken inside various buildings at the University of Bridgeport campus in Bridgeport CT, USA. These measurements were incorporated into the Okumura model to derive a new path loss model utilizing power measurements inside buildings. The experimental work shows very accurate and improved results for our model with respect to path loss detection inside elevators as compared to the Okumura model.
eSports venues: a new sport business opportunity.

Typically played via the Internet, eSports (organized competitive video gaming) is becoming a global phenomenon. The popularity of video games and the desire to spectate online and in-person gaming has amplified as Internet-based gaming has improved. eSports competitions are hosted all around the world, but particularly in the United States, Europe, and Asia. While eSports-specific venues are increasingly being built, many venues that host eSports competitions were constructed primarily for other professional sports or entertainment. These entertainment facilities must attract popular financially beneficial events in order to survive. eSports events have great potential to fit this mold. This paper briefly describes the development of eSports as well as discusses the current trends in eSports spectator consumption. Moreover, current and future eSports venues are described, highlighting potential licensing, equipment, and personnel requirements needed for hosting eSports events. Open systems theory is utilized to capture and explain the draw of hosting eSports events and how facilities must adapt to their changing environment.Subscribe to JASM
Evaluation of the comatose patient.

SUMMARY This article has emphasized a basic approach to coma. First, the patient must have airway, breathing, and circulation protected. If the etiology of coma is in doubt, a broad metabollic screen is necessary. Table 5 demonstrates the major differences between structural and metabolic coma. Usually, history alone is sufficient to make an accurate diagnosis. If history or neurologic examination suggests a structural cause for the coma, then a cranial CT scan is mandatory. An electroencephalogram is often helpful, particularly in metabolic coma, and at times may even show structural abnormalities not demonstrated by CT scan. Rapid assessment and treatment is critical because coma is the clinical manifestation of brain failure, and often irreversible injury will occur if treatment is slow or incorrect.
Validation of minute-to-minute scoring for sleep and wake periods in a consumer wearable device compared to an actigraphy device

Actigraphs are widely used portable wrist-worn devices that record tri-axial accelerometry data. These data can be used to approximate amount and timing of sleep and wake. Their clinical utility is limited, however, by their expense. Tri-axial accelerometer-based consumer wearable devices (so-called fitness monitors) have gained popularity and could represent cost-effective research alternatives to more expensive devices. Lack of independent validation of minute-to-minute accelerometer data for consumer devices has hindered their utility and acceptance. We studied a consumer-grade wearable device, Arc (Huami Inc., Mountain View CA), for which minute-to-minute accelerometer data (vector magnitude) could be obtained. Twelve healthy participants and 19 sleep clinic patients wore on their non-dominant wrist, both an Arc and a research-grade actigraph (Actiwatch Spectrum, Philips, Bend OR) continuously over a period of 48 h in free-living conditions. Time-stamped data from each participant were aligned and the Cole-Kripke algorithm was used to assign a state of “sleep” or “wake” for each minute-long epoch recorded by the Arc. The auto and low scoring settings on the Actiwatch software (Actiware) were used to determine sleep and wake from the Actiwatch data and were used as the comparators. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to optimize the relationship between the devices. Minute-by-minute Arc and Actiwatch data were highly correlated (r = 0.94, Spearman correlation) over the 48-h study period. Treating the Actiwatch auto scoring as the gold standard for determination of sleep and wake, Arc has an overall accuracy of 99.0% ± 0.17% (SEM), a sensitivity of 99.4% ± 0.19%, and a specificity of 84.5% ± 1.9% for the determination of sleep. As compared to the Actiwatch low scoring, Arc has an overall accuracy of 95.2% ± 0.36%, a sensitivity of 95.7% ± 0.47%, and a specificity of 91.7% ± 0.60% for the determination of sleep. The Arc, a consumer wearable device in which minute-by-minute activity data could be collected and compared, yielded fundamentally similar sleep scoring metrics as compared to a commonly used clinical-grade actigraph (Actiwatch). We found high degrees of agreement in minute-to-minute data scoring for sleep and wake periods between the two devices.
Early Infectious Disease Outpatient Follow-up of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Patients Reduces 30-Day Readmission

We conducted a case-control study to examine the association between outpatient infectious disease (ID) follow-up and risk of 30-day readmission in 384 patients receiving outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. ID outpatient follow-up within 2 weeks was associated with lower risk of all-cause 30-day readmission (adjusted odds ratio, 0.33; P = .0001).
Obesity: transition from adolescence to adulthood and feedback partial gmm logistic model with time-dependent covariates

Background : The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of certain covariates on obesity. More importantly, we seek to determine the feedback of obesity on depression, and physical activity as they transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods : Using 15 years of nationally representative data from 6560 adolescents (Add health data), we estimate feedback and associations between depression, and activity scale on obesity while we adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status through a GMM logistic regression model with time-dependent covariates. Results : Activity (p<0.001) and depression (p<0.001) have significant impact on Obesity. In early years, alcohol had no impact (p=0.895 and p=0.476) on obesity but in later years it did (p<0.001). In the early years, television hours had an impact but as they got older, it did not. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that public health researchers can target obesity simultaneously with depression, and activity scale. These findings contribute new insights into the feedback of obesity on depression, and activity. This unique model allows segments of associations to be addressed rather than assuming all associations remain the same over 15 years.
International Petroleum Transactions and the Development of Gas-to-Power Markets in West Africa OGEL I (2019)

This article develops on the premise that - as the emergence of low-carbon and transitional energy markets gain traction globally, the viability and security of gas supply markets are becoming as essential as the need to decarbonise and curb unsustainable practices such as flaring and methane leakages along the value chain. In the Sub-Saharan African context, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of supplies from upstream petroleum production sources as well as promote commercially secure institutional and investment climate of the domestic downstream energy sectors. The paper notes that energy demand in Africa is projected to grow at 3.5% per annum (p.a.) over the next couple of decades, while gas production is expected to increase by 110%. By examining relevant developments in Nigeria and Ghana such as the Offshore Cape Three Points (OCTP) area projects, the Nigerian LNG Project and the West African Gas Pipeline (WAGP) project, this paper discusses the spectrum of international petroleum transactions, legal, policy, and risk assessment issues that underpin gas utilisation and commercialisation in sub-region. It contends that projects designed to support production and supplies must be bankable, thus requiring applicable legal, regulatory and contractual frameworks which are designed to enhance timely investment decisions and effectively mitigate post and pre-completion risks.
Predoctoral Curricular Revision for Dental Radiographic Interpretation Competence Based on OSCE Results

Teaching radiographic interpretation skills to predoctoral dental students is challenging. The results of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at one U.S. dental school failed to yield expected outcomes for students' radiographic interpretation skills. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of the radiology OSCE and subsequent curricular revisions based on the outcomes. Examples of curricular changes are a series of self-assessed radiographic interpretation cases using the university learning management system. Each case contains a set of four intraoral radiographs and a series of questions. In year 4, an OSCE and final radiographic interpretation competency exam are administered; students are required to pass both exams. OSCE outcomes over a period of six years were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the curricular revisions. A questionnaire developed to capture student perceptions of the curricular changes was administered. The pilot OSCE of 2.9% first attempt pass rates initiated curricular revision. The strongest results to date occurred in 2018 with a 73.3% first attempt pass rate. Results from the questionnaire showed that students reported greater confidence in their interpretation skills when it came to recognizing radiographic errors, dental caries, and periodontal disease/pathologies (65%, 64%, and 57%, respectively). The use of the OSCE for programmatic assessment revealed the need for curricular revision in radiology. Students' participation in the newly revised radiology curriculum resulted in improved student performance and outcomes. This article emphasizes the importance of global and programmatic assessment for assessing student competence along with analysis of how assessment and accompanying data can inform curricular decisions.
A Global Review on Locusts (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Their Interactions With Livestock Grazing Practices

Connections between locusts and people date back millennia and locusts remain a major food security challenge today throughout the world. Locust biology is often linked to abiotic conditions like temperature and/or precipitation, fueling the perception that aside from active control, humans are not a key player in the interaction locusts have with their environment. However, several studies have shown that land management practices like grazing heavily influences locust-human linkages. In this review we synthesize published research and reports on connections between locust outbreaks and ranching. For this, we conducted an extensive literature search using Google Scholar on the 19 species of grasshoppers that are currently considered to be locusts or non-model locusts. Species were sorted according to their feeding guilds: 1) forb- and/or tree-feeding locusts; 2) mix-feeding locusts (grasses, forbs, and/or trees); 3) grass-feeding locusts. We reviewed their pest status, ecology, and relationship with grazing. We then discussed the overall data and draw general patterns on how locusts and locust control affect livestock grazing through various mechanisms (competition, nutritional preferences, pesticide use, nutrient cycling). We draw attention to “telecoupling” a process in which land management practices like grazing have ecological feedbacks on locust populations, which in turn affects food security in distant regions due to the migratory capacity of locusts. Finally, we present new perspectives for sustainable management practices that integrate understanding of land management.
The Quantum Spaces of Certain Graded Algebras Related to ( 2 , ) $\mathfrak {sl}(2,\Bbbk )$

Inspired by the work of Le Bruyn and Smith in (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 118(3): 725–730, 1993) and the work of Shelton and Vancliff in (Comm. Alg. 30(5): 2535-2552, 2002), we analyze certain graded algebras related to the Lie algebra $\mathfrak {sl}(2,\Bbbk)$ using geometric techniques in the spirit of Artin, Tate and Van den Bergh. In particular, we discuss the point schemes and line schemes of certain quadratic quantum $\mathbb {P}^{3}$ s associated to the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak {sl}(1|1)$ , to a quantized enveloping algebra, $\mathcal {U}_q(\mathfrak {sl}(2,\Bbbk))$ , of $\mathfrak {sl}(2,\Bbbk)$ , and to a color Lie algebra $\mathfrak {sl}_k(2,\Bbbk)$ , respectively. The geometry we consider identifies certain normal elements in the universal enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak {sl}(1|1)$ and in $\mathcal {U}_q(\mathfrak {sl}(2,\Bbbk))$ .
Suppressor activity of bone marrow cells and localization of fluorescent-labeled bone marrow cells within ovine endometrial tissue.

Numbers of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bone marrow (BM) cells of donor lambs were quantified within endometrial cell suspensions following their administration to ovariectomized (OVX; control-and estradiol-17beta-treated) and intact (estrus, d-14 cyclic and pregnant) ewes. The numbers of fluorescent BM cells were greater (P < .05) for the estrous and d-14 cyclic ewes than for both groups of OVX ewes. Fractionation of the endometrial cells with Percoll revealed that the majority of fluorescent cells were low-density (1.002 to 1.056 g/mL) cells. In coculture experiments, low-density cells from lamb BM not only suppressed the incorporation of thymidine into phytohemagglutinin-treated peripheral blood lymphocytes, but the cells also released suppressor factor into the culture medium. Suppressor activity tended to be reversed (P < .1) by a pan-specific neutralization antibody to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta); however, the activity was unaffected by a neutralization antibody to TGF-beta2. These findings suggest that ovine endometrial suppressor cells may represent a population of low-density BM-derived natural suppressor cells, and their trafficking and localization patterns may depend on an ovarian factor(s). Further, suppressor activity does not seem to be mediated by TGF-beta2.
Calling child protectives services is a form of community policing that should be used appropriately: Time to engage mandatory reporters as to the harmful effects of unnecessary reports

Abstract This essay proposes to view unnecessary child separation as a form of child abuse in itself. In order to end child abuse, we must end unnecessary coercive intervention into the family lives of poor and cultural minority families. This essay reviews the history of mandatory reporting and the creation of a system which encourages reporting, while offering little material assistance to struggling families. Misuse and misunderstanding of mandatory reporting requirements creates an unnecessary burden on families and the child welfare system, and perpetuates cultural and racial disparities. The essay suggests viewing unnecessary reporting as a form of community policing, and suggests that it is necessary to affirmatively act to reduce unnecessary, low quality reports. This will improve the welfare of American children, both by allowing the child welfare system to focus on children at risk of imminent harm, and by preventing the detrimental effects of unnecessary coercive intervention, including the removal of a child from their home and community.
Being Happy and Becoming Happier as Independent Predictors of Physical Health and Mortality.

OBJECTIVE The present study tested preregistered predictions regarding the prospective associations between level and change in subjective well-being (SWB) and physical health. METHODS In two large longitudinal panel studies conducted in the United States (N = 3294) and Japan (N = 657), we used multilevel growth curve models to estimate level and change in components of SWB (i.e., life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). Next, we used random intercepts and slopes to predict subsequent self-reported general health and number of chronic health conditions (in the United States and Japan) and mortality risk (in the United States). RESULTS Greater life satisfaction, higher positive affect, and lower negative affect were associated with better health (0.22 < |β values| < 0.46) and longer survival. Above and beyond SWB level, longitudinal increases in life satisfaction and positive affect and longitudinal decreases in negative affect were associated with better health (0.06 < |β values| < 0.20). Moreover, all three SWB components independently predicted health, and life satisfaction and negative affect independently predicted survival. The preregistration and analysis scripts are available at osf.io/mz9gy. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that being happy and becoming happier across time are independently associated with better physical health in the United States and Japan.
Diagnostic value of fluorine‑18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in sublingual and submandibular salivary gland tumors

The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) with that of conventional imaging studies (CIS), such as CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the clinical diagnosis and staging of submandibular and sublingual salivary gland tumors. In addition, the data obtained were used to evaluate the significance of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in diagnosing benign or malignant lesions. For the present study, 18 patients with submandibular or sublingual neoplasms underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging with accompanying CT or MRI. The diagnostic values from 43 F-18 FDG PET/CT scans and 28 CIS of the 18 patients were compared to the gold standard histopathological and/or cytopathological diagnosis. The results demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy for predicting primary tumors was similar between F-18 FDG PET/CT and CIS. By contrast, PET/CT imaging was more accurate in detecting lymph node metastasis compared with CT or MRI (95.4 vs. 66.7%). F-18 FDG PET/CT had a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 97.1%, whereas CT or MRI had a sensitivity of 54.5% and a specificity of 75.0%. F-18 FDG PET/CT also enabled screening for distant metastasis, as observed in 10 cases in the present study. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in SUVmax between benign or malignant salivary gland lesions, as high glucose metabolism was also observed in benign tumors. In conclusion, F-18 FDG PET/CT provides more accurate diagnostic information for the evaluation of submandibular and sublingual salivary gland tumors as compared with CIS in terms of lymph node and distant metastasis.
Applying Experiential Learning to Career Development Training for Biomedical Graduate Students and Postdocs: Perspectives on Program Development and Design

Experiential learning is an effective educational tool across many academic disciplines, including career development. Nine different institutions bridged by the National Institutes of Health Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training Consortium compared their experiments in rethinking and expanding training of predoctoral graduate students and postdoctoral scholars in the biomedical sciences to include experiential learning opportunities. In this article, we provide an overview of the four types of experiential learning approaches our institutions offer and compare the learning objectives and evaluation strategies employed for each type. We also discuss key factors for shaping experiential learning activities on an institutional level. The framework we provide can help organizations determine which form of experiential learning for career training might best suit their institutions and goals and aid in the successful design and delivery of such training.
Expansion and accelerated evolution of 9-exon odorant receptors in Polistes paper wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Independent origins of sociality in bees and ants are associated with independent expansions of the odorant receptor (OR) gene family. In ants, one clade within the OR gene family, the 9-exon subfamily, has dramatically expanded. These receptors detect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), key social signaling molecules in insects. It is unclear to what extent 9-exon OR subfamily expansion is associated with the independent evolution of sociality across Hymenoptera, warranting studies of taxa with independently derived social behavior. Here we describe OR gene family evolution in the northern paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus, and compare it to four additional paper wasp species spanning ~40 million years of divergence. We find 200 functional OR genes in P. fuscatus matching predictions from neuroanatomy, and more than half of these are in the 9-exon subfamily. Lineage-specific expansions of 9-exon subfamily ORs are tandemly arrayed in Polistes genomes and exhibit a breakdown in microsynteny relative to tandem arrays in other OR subfamilies. There is evidence of episodic positive diversifying selection shaping ORs in expanded subfamilies, including 9-exon, E, H, and L, but 9-exon ORs do not stand out as selectively diversified among Polistes species. Accelerated evolution has resulted in lower amino acid similarity and higher dN/dS among 9-exon ORs compared to other OR subfamilies. Patterns of OR evolution within Polistes are consistent with 9-exon OR function in CHC perception by combinatorial coding, with both selection and drift contributing to interspecies differences in copy number and sequence.
Synchronizing pile formation of black soldier fly larvae

When confined to containers, black soldier fly larvae aggregate together, piling up in corners. How do these piles form, and what causes them to eventually break apart? In this combined experimental and numerical study, we confine 300 larvae to flat vertical containers and measure their activity using both time-lapse film and particle image velocimetry. Within a pile, the majority of the larvae are unable to move because their bodies are jammed. Larvae enter the pile by crawling along the less jammed floor of the container and accumulating at the wall. Using PIV analysis, we observe events that are correlated with the breakup of a pile. We hypothesize that the pile disperses if there is a downward traveling larva that frees a path in the jammed pile. We test this hypothesis with both a horizontal and vertical intruder that enters the pile. We find that a vertical intruder can synchronize the creation and disassembly of the pile, reducing its disassembly time from 60 min to 20 min. The surprising ability of foreign objects to break up a swarm may provide utility in other systems from bird flocks to fish.
Myocardial perfusion PET imaging to evaluate coronary microvascular dysfunction in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy.

211Background: Strategies to inform cardiovascular (CV) risk are needed for prostate cancer patients initiating androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Reduced myocardial blood flow reserve (MBFR) and ...
The Role of Theory in Empirical Second Language Acquisition Research: An Introduction

Theory plays a central role in the development of human knowledge. In essence, theory solves puzzles, or questions about observable phenomena that need to be answered, (Kuhn, 1996). Theorizing about solutions to these puzzles requires working at the edge of uncertainty, making bold postulations, and engaging in what renowned philosopher of science Karl Popper terms critical rationalism; it is through the development of theories that are falsifiable and the subsequent empirical testing of those theories that our knowledge about the world (i.e., of natural phenomena) will progress (Popper, 1968).
Normativa educativa y su impacto en los actores involucrados en la formación escolar: Normativa educativa y su impacto en la formación escolar

Abstract This research was conducted with teachers and legal representatives of the city of Portoviejo-Manabi-Ecuador. The main objective was to identify the impact that the regulations caused in education and whose problems were focused on methods that meet all the needs and expectations and in turn influence the motivation of cognition in the educational community. In the process of this work, an empirical methodology was developed, based on the experiences of the participants, whose mechanisms were organized under the planning of research events of a technical-scientific nature, in order to validate the study variables such as educational regulations and its impact on school education, through observation. For this, a survey was handled as an instrument for data collection, which was applied to legal representatives and teachers in which it was evidenced, ignorance about the regulations. This application in turn had a descriptive, observational, qualitative and quantitative approach, which allowed to achieve the immersed objectives. The intention of endorsing and developing constitutional rights and obligations in the pedagogical field allowed the issuance of the Organic Law of Intercultural Education of Ecuador, the current educational regulations. The results obtained in the research, allowed the elaboration and execution of an awareness proposal, based on the deficiencies exposed by the actors of the educational community that consisted of engaging them, through participatory workshops, that help increase their knowledge about the legal framework, achieving the objectives proposed in the Regulations.
Rebecca Tolley. A Trauma-Informed Approach to Library Services. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2020. 192p. Paperback, $59.00 (ISBN 978-0838919811).

As a deadly pandemic grips the world, this book couldn’t have come at a better time as we deal with a collective ongoing traumatic event. The trauma-informed approach (TIA) changes how we view ourselves, our organizations, and our patrons through centering empathy, compassion, and education about trauma along with its multitude of impacts on psychological, physical, and emotional well-being. TIA acknowledges that there are many contributing factors (known and unknown, micro to macro, historical to current, visible and invisible) that affect individuals, how they navigate and interact in the world, and how they engage in the services provided.
Learning-Oriented Assessment: An Introduction

Traditionally, second or foreign (L2) language assessment has been mainly viewed as the product of large-scale proficiency exams or end-of-term summative tests intended to provide external measures of L2 ability (Turner & Purpura, 2015). To anyone who has taken an L2 test, it often appears that summative assessments “serve to catch learners out and to emphasize their weaknesses, rather than to ensure that every learner has the best set of opportunities to demonstrate their abilities” (Lyons & Tavares, 2011, p. 32). It is no wonder then that stemming in part from the social constructivist theories popularized in the 1970s, the notion of formative assessment (FA) has steadily gained traction for L2 testers, teachers, and researchers who recognize that assessment can and should play a role in learning so that every learner will be able to best demonstrate their abilities.
"The new influencers," by Paul Gillin

Review of Paul Gillin. The new influencers: A marketer's guide to the new social media. Sanger, CA: Quill Driver Books, 2007. $25.00 (236p) ISBN 978-1-88495-665-2.
Female maturity, reproductive potential, relative distribution, and growth compared between arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and Kamchatka flounder (A. evermanni) indicating concerns for management

Summary Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) and Kamchatka flounder (A. evermanni), major piscivorous predators in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, are morphologically similar. Consequently the two species have been managed together as a species complex using the length- and age-at-maturity derived from Gulf of Alaska arrowtooth flounder, which had been the only available maturity estimates. However, there could be serious management consequences if the two species matured at significantly different ages and fork lengths. Therefore, this study was conducted during 2007 and 2008 to determine if there were significant differences in maturation between the two species. Significant differences in size and age of female maturation and growth were found. The age and length of 50% maturity (A50,L50, respectively) for arrowtooth flounder females is 7.6 years of age and 480 mm in body length. In comparison, A50,L50 of Kamchatka flounder females is 10.1 years of age and 550 mm, meaning that Kamchatka flounder has a significantly lower reproductive potential than arrowtooth flounder. The large difference in reproductive potential indicates that managing the two species together as a species complex using the reproductive characteristics of arrowtooth flounder, was not conservative for Kamchatka flounder. This study also determined that arrowtooth flounder maturation was consistent between the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea populations.
C11H12 Hydrocarbons—II

Abstract A stereoselective 6-step synthesis of the C 11 H 12 hydrocarbon cis,anti,cis -tricyclo[5.4.0.0 2,5 ]undeca-3,8,10-triene ( 2a ) is described. The dichloro compound 3c was prepared by the selective reduction of 3a with chromous perchlorate-ethylenediamine complex, a general reagent for this type of transformation. Irradiation of 3c produced 6a and 7a in ∼ 7:1 ratio. Reduction of the mixture with sodium produced ketal mixture 6b and 7b . The ketals were hydrolyzed to ketones 6c and 7c and the ketones decarbonylated to 2a and an isomeric hydrocarbon tentatively assigned as homobasketene 2b ′. Hydrocarbon 2a was readily obtained pure by a silver nitrate extraction procedure and 2b ′ by preparative VPC. It was shown that pure 6c gives only 2a and therefore, 7c is the source of 2b ′. The stereochemical assignments, based on both spectral and chemical evidence, are discussed.