cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practice patterns and outcomes for pediatric ANCA vasculitis transplant recipients in a national cohort.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis is a rare condition in pediatric patients. Little is known about practice patterns and outcomes of pediatric transplant patients. The purpose of our study was to examine differences in patient characteristics, immunosuppression, and long-term graft outcomes between ANCA and non-ANCA vasculitis recipients. We used the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients to evaluate pediatric ANCA vasculitis recipients between the ages of 1 and 22 years old from 1991 to 2017 and compared them to non-ANCA vasculitis patients during the same time cohort in the USA. A total of 26,431 transplant recipients were identified, of these, 337 with ANCA vasculitis. Mean 1-year eGFR was 62.46 and 64.92 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.002), and mean 5-year eGFR was 57.95 and 59.38 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.18) between the non-ANCA and ANCA groups, respectively. Five-year graft survival was similar in both groups (non-ANCA 75.5 vs. ANCA 78.6%; p = 0.19). Of those with graft loss within the ANCA group, only 0.6% was secondary to disease recurrence (p = 0.14). Kidney transplant is a safe treatment modality for children with ANCA-related kidney failure. ANCA patients have comparable graft survival when compared to the general transplant population with a low risk of recurrence. Thymoglobulin was used in a higher proportion within the ANCA group compared to the non-ANCA group. Tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid, and steroids were the predominant maintenance immunosuppression used in both groups. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Undergraduate Research: Bladerunner

In this project, students in the Electrical Engineering Technology Department at Kennesaw University worked under the guidance of advisory Professor Daren Wilcox and Mr. John Cohran, an automation engineer at Omni International Inc., to develop a prototype of the second generation of an automated liquid handling machine in current production called the Prep96. The prototype developed was called “Bladerunner.” The group researched the Prep96 program to study its operation and worked with Omni International and the Festo Corporation to develop a prototype code, schematic, and simulation using a FESTO PLC-HMI. Students established communication as well as provide autonomous and teleoperation control between devices. What follows is a summary of the current Prep96 industrial design, the Bladerunner prototype design, the components that are used in the Bladerunner design, a description of the software used, the prototype schematic, discovered results, and supported datasheets.
The Effect of COVID-19 on the Postdoctoral Experience: a comparison of pre-pandemic and pandemic surveys.

In the interest of advocating for the postdoctoral community in the United States, we present results from survey data collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic on the same population of postdocs. In 2019, 5,929 postdocs in the US completed a comprehensive survey, and in 2020, a subset completed a follow-up survey several months into the pandemic. The results show that the pandemic has substantially impacted postdocs mental health and wellness irrespective of gender, race, citizenship, or other identities. Postdocs also reported a significant impact on their career trajectories and progression, reduced confidence in achieving career goals, and negative perceptions of the job market compared to pre-COVID-19. International postdocs also reported experiencing distinct stressors due to the changes in immigration policy. Notably, having access to Postdoctoral Associations and Postdoctoral Offices positively impacted postdocs overall well-being and helped mitigate the personal and professional stresses and career uncertainties caused by the pandemic. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=137 SRC="FIGDIR/small/468693v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (55K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15c3ccborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9b6d91org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@367b1dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ccc49e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG Graphical Abstract of survey responses to: Why or how has your research been disrupted or not disrupted due to the pandemic? Overall, postdocs responded with feelings of loss of control as the pandemic was acting upon them and taking away their ability to complete their work. C_FIG
In Pursuit of Birkhoff's Chaotic Attractor

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of Birkhoff's chaotic attractor. There is a growing awareness of the gap between the theoretical and experimental concepts in chaotic dynamics. The bagel is unique among chaotic attractors in having a long history in theoretical as well as experimental dynamics. In 1932, Birkhoff described remarkable curves. These are curves only in the sense that they are closed subsets of the plane of measure zero, dividing the plane into two components. They originally arose as attractors in twist mappings of a plane annulus in 1916. Birkhoff showed they are not Jordan curves, so he called them remarkable curves. They are fractals. The suspension of a twist map provides a flow on a thickened torus, with a remarkable surface, or fractal torus as attractor. In this chapter, this is called a Birkhoff bagel. The chapter also discusses about Lienard's diffeomorphism. A discussion on acceleration bias is also presented in the chapter.
Typical NMR Spectra

The definition and uses of band width and band shape were introduced in Chapter 1, Section IIE, and were illustrated briefly. However, full use of these two characteristics requires a much more extensive acquaintance with actual spectra. It is necessary to have a mental picture of the appearance of the various kinds of multiplets under different ratios of J/∆,and it is desirable to have a picture of the overall appearance of the subspectra of various common structural groups. Such mental pictures lead to instant recognition of many structural features and save a great deal of time in interpreting spectra.
Introduction to Coding and Information Theory

This book is intended to introduce coding theory and information theory to undergraduate students of mathematics and computer science. It begins with a review of probablity theory as applied to finite sample spaces and a general introduction to the nature and types of codes. The two subsequent chapters discuss information theory: efficiency of codes, the entropy of information sources, and Shannon's Noiseless Coding Theorem. The remaining three chapters deal with coding theory: communication channels, decoding in the presence of errors, the general theory of linear codes, and such specific codes as Hamming codes, the simplex codes, and many others.
Modeling of the PTF1-L/Foxa2 Transcription Factor Complex Controlling Pancreatic Development

Students at Hillcrest High School in Dallas, Texas participate in a research program at the UT Southwestern Medical Center to study the structure of a transcription factor complex crucial to the embryonic development of the pancreas. Children without a functional Ptf1a transcription factor are born with a defective pancreas and are severely diabetic. The active form of Ptf1a is a trimeric complex composed of a common E-box binding protein (e.g., E12/47), Ptf1a and Rbpj or Rbpjl. The Rbpj form of the complex (PTF1-J) is required for the early stage of pancreatic development. Subsequently, the Rbpjl-form(PTF1-L) is required for the formation of acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. Recruitment of Foxa2 to PTF1-L bound sites of pancreatic genes occurs during the final maturation step of pancreas development. The Hillcrest SMART (Students Modeling A Research Topic) Team has manufactured a model for the PTF1-L/Foxa2 transcription factor complex using 3D printing technology. The students using Pymol, Jmol and ...
Macromolecules: From Star-Forming Regions to Comets to the Origins of Life

Summary. Molecules of increasing complexity are being found in comets. Comets played an important role in delivering water and other volatiles to the terrestrial planets in the early history after their formation. They also may have supplied essential prebiotic organics to the early Earth. Macromolecules with potential links to biological molecules have been identified in the gas phase in hot cores of massive star-forming regions. They are now also found in hot cores of star-forming clouds of low mass stars similar in size to the Sun. A close relationship between the list of cometary molecules and interstellar molecules suggests that macromolecules existed also in the solar nebula. These results strengthen the perception that molecules of biological interest may be found in comets. To pursue this argument successfully, we must link the relationship of ices in the interstellar medium with ices in comets and establish more firmly the production of complex molecules by laboratory simulations of interstellar conditions involving these ices. We discuss observational links between the interstellar sources of macromolecules and their reservoirs in comets via the solar nebula.
SFESA: a web server for pairwise alignment refinement by secondary structure shifts.

Protein sequence alignment is essential for a variety of tasks such as homology modeling and active site prediction. Alignment errors remain the main cause of low-quality structure models. A bioinformatics tool to refine alignments is needed to make protein alignments more accurate. We developed the SFESA web server to refine pairwise protein sequence alignments. Compared to the previous version of SFESA, which required a set of 3D coordinates for a protein, the new server will search a sequence database for the closest homolog with an available 3D structure to be used as a template. For each alignment block defined by secondary structure elements in the template, SFESA evaluates alignment variants generated by local shifts and selects the best-scoring alignment variant. A scoring function that combines the sequence score of profile-profile comparison and the structure score of template-derived contact energy is used for evaluation of alignments. PROMALS pairwise alignments refined by SFESA are more accurate than those produced by current advanced alignment methods such as HHpred and CNFpred. In addition, SFESA also improves alignments generated by other software. SFESA is a web-based tool for alignment refinement, designed for researchers to compute, refine, and evaluate pairwise alignments with a combined sequence and structure scoring of alignment blocks. To our knowledge, the SFESA web server is the only tool that refines alignments by evaluating local shifts of secondary structure elements. The SFESA web server is available at http://prodata.swmed.edu/sfesa .
Energy expenditure, energy intake, and weight loss in Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer disease is one of the leading causes of death among older individuals. Unexplained weight loss and cachexia are frequent clinical findings in patients with Alzheimer disease. Thus, it has been postulated that Alzheimer disease may be associated with dysfunction in body weight regulation. This brief review examines the interrelations among energy intake, energy expenditure, and body composition in Alzheimer disease. We explored whether abnormally high daily energy expenditures, low energy intakes, or both contribute to unexplained weight loss and a decline in nutritional status. Specifically, we considered studies that examined energy intake, body composition, and daily energy expenditure and its components. The application of doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry to understand the etiology of wasting has increased our knowledge regarding the relation among energy expenditure, physical activity levels, and body composition in Alzheimer disease patients. Although the number of studies are limited, results do not support the notion that a hypermetabolic state contributes to unexplained weight loss in Alzheimer disease, even in cachectic patients. Recent findings are presented suggesting an association between abnormally elevated levels of physical activity energy expenditure and elevated appendicular skeletal muscle mass and energy intake in Alzheimer disease patients. Clinical strategies aimed at developing lifestyle and dietary interventions to maintain adequate energy intake, restore energy balance, and maintain skeletal muscle mass should be a future area of investigation in Alzheimer disease research.
The conservative voice in radical rhetoric: A common response to division

The radical rhetoric that has marked the late 1960's and early 1970's has been and continues to be diverse. Much of this rhetoric, however, seems to be in response to clear divisions that carry with them orders of privilege. By appealing to well established values, some who have been exploited by the working of the system, have sought to reverse the scale of privilege. In so doing, ironically, they sound a quite conservative voice. This contention may be illustrated by drawing from the rhetoric of Gay Lib and Women's Lib, as well as from cries for Black freedom. But in no way does the argument contend that the conservative voice is the only one heard in radical rhetoric. It is an important tendency, but only one strain among many.
Race: The History of an Idea in America

When Tom Gossett's Race: The History of an Idea in America appeared more than a generation ago, it explored the impact of race theory on literature in a way that anticipated the entire current scholarly discourse on the subject. Though it has gone out of print, it has never been rendered obsolete. Its reprinting is a boon to younger scholars in particular who are unfamiliar with its rich presentation of fact and its clear, efficient analysis, from which so much later theorizing has developed. With a new afterword by and about the author, and an introduction by series editors Arnold Rampersad and Shelley Fisher Fishkin, this edition should find a wide readership among young scholars and students working in African-American, literary, and cultural studies.
SynFlo: an interactive installation introducing synthetic biology concepts

SynFlo is an interactive installation that utilizes tangible interaction to help illustrate core concepts of synthetic biology through outreach programs. This playful installation allows users to create useful virtual life forms from standardized genetic components, exploring common synthetic biology concepts and techniques. The installation consists of Sifteo cubes, which are used to modify virtual E. coli to serve as environmental biosensors. The modified bacteria can then be deployed into an environment repre-sented by a tabletop computer, where they detect environmental toxins. The goal of this research is to explore ways to develop effective interactive activities for out-reach in STEM and to communicate the excitement and constraints of cutting-edge research.
Seeing Is Believing: Weak Phonon Scattering from Nanostructures in Alkali Metal-Doped Lead Telluride

Alkali metal doped p-type PbTe is a canonical thermoelectric material studied extensively for heat-to-power generation at high temperature. Most reports have indirectly indicated alkali metals to be conventional with PbTe forming homogeneous solid solutions. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we show the presence of platelet-like nanostructures in these systems containing Na and/or K. By combining further TEM and semiclassical theoretical calculations based on a modified Debye model of the lattice thermal conductivity, we explain the lack of efficacy of these nanostructures for strong phonon scattering. These findings are important in the understanding of alkali metals as carriers in p-type lead chalcogenides. These results also underscore that not all nanostructures favorably scatter phonons in a matrix; an insight that may help in further improvements of the power factor and the overall figure of merit.
Population Aging and Economic Development: Anxieties and Policy Responses

Population aging worries many. Will population aging negatively affect economic output and lead to deflation? Can countries afford to cater for older populations? Can they prevent old-age poverty? Can they pay adequate pensions? Can they address the challenge of population aging by postponing the retirement age? Should they seek to counteract population aging through accelerated immigration and/ or should they focus on maintaining fertility rates above replacement levels? Although some answers to these questions are context-specific, this paper argues that the threat of population aging is overstated. It is hyped by media and too often based on partial analysis. A macroeconomic analysis provides a more adequate and less threatening picture of population aging than the household-focused analysis that underlies most studies on this subject matter. The developed economies that already have a large share of older persons are well positioned to shoulder the economic implications of further population aging, and rapidly developing economies, which see an accelerated rate of population aging, are too. Many countries have the economic conditions to address population aging, but many lack the necessary resolve to implement the required policies. Popular policy responses to population aging are building up to a major wave of income redistribution, following the globalization of finance and the current responses to the global economic crisis.
Reference Prices, Costs, and Nominal Rigidities

We assess the importance of nominal rigidities using a new weekly scanner dataset. We find that nominal rigidities take the form of inertia in reference prices and costst defined as the most common prices and costs within a given quarter. Reference prices are particularly inertial and have an average duration of roughly one year, even though weekly prices change roughly once every two weeks. We document the relation between prices and costs and find sharp evidence of state dependence in prices. We use a simple model to argue that reference prices and costs are useful statistics for macroeconomic
Electrical properties of titanium dioxide semiconductors

The electrical properties of titanium dioxide semiconductors have been under study for several years.1,2,3,4 In general, however, the previous studies were only of the electrical conductivity of ceramics so that little information about the properties of the rutile lattice is available. Recently, however, synthetic rutile crystals have been placed on the market∗, and an investigation of their electrical properties is of obvious Interest.
Expression of prostaglandin GH synthase (cyclooxygenase) during murine fetal thymic development

Abstract Fetal thymic lobes in organ culture have been shown to have the capacity to metabolize [14C]arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (PGs), including 6-ketoPGF1α, PGF2α, PGE2, and PGA2. Inhibition of AA metabolism results in inhibition of growth and Thy 1 expression during thymic organ culture. We report herein that freshly-isolated fetal thymic lobes also have the capacity to metabolize [14C]AA to PGs and HETEs at Days 14 and 16 of prenatal murine development. RNA encoding phospholipase A2, which liberates arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, and Cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin G H synthase), the first enzyme involved in the conversion of AA to PGs, are expressed during thymic development. We have localized the cyclooxygenase protein to stromal cells in the fetal and adult thymus. Exogenous AA or an analogue of PGI2 (iloprost) stimulated growth of fetal thymocytes in organ culture. These findings, together with our studies of the morphology of thymic lobes cultured with inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism, support the hypothesis that PGs are required for thymocyte proliferation during thymic development.
Atomistic full-band simulations of silicon nanowire transistors: Effects of electron-phonon scattering

An atomistic full-band quantum transport simulator has been developed to study three-dimensional Si nanowire field-effect transistors in the presence of electron-phonon scattering. The nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism is solved in a nearest-neighbor $s{p}^{3}{d}^{5}{s}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ tight-binding basis. The scattering self-energies are derived in the self-consistent Born approximation to inelastically couple the full electron and phonon energy spectra. The band dispersion and the eigenmodes of the confined phonons are calculated using a dynamical matrix that includes the bond and the angle deformations of the nanowires. The optimization of the numerical algorithms and the parallelization of the NEGF scheme enable the investigation of nanowire structures with diameters up to 3 nm and lengths over 40 nm. It is found that the reduction in the device drain current, caused by electron-phonon scattering, is more important in the ON state than in the OFF state of the transistor. Ballistic transport simulations considerably overestimate the device ON currents by artificially increasing the charge injection mechanism at the source contact.
Mastering Mathematica : Programming Methods and Applications

This text addresses the use of Mathematica as a symbolic manipulator, a programming language and a general tool for knowledge representation. Also included is coverage of functional programming, rule-based programming, procedural programming, object-oriented programming and graphics programming.
Ecological Species Coevolution

The concepts of evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) and neighborhood invader strategies (NIS) are used to examine the dynamics of coevolving species. When an ESS as well as its near neighbors are ecologically stable and phenotypic space is unconstrained, the strong NIS concept shows that each member of the ESS coalition can always be repelled by some coalition strategies that are sufficiently close to the ESS. Thus an ESS for coevolving species may not be attained by selection unless phenotypic constraints are imposed.
Absence of three-dimensional XY behavior in the magnetic penetration depth of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ films

We have studied the transition region of numerous superconducting ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ films through measurement of the magnetic penetration depth $\ensuremath{\lambda}(T).$ Contrary to published results on ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ crystals, $\ensuremath{\lambda}(T)$ does not display three-dimensional XY behavior to within 0.5 K of ${T}_{C}.$ Measurements are performed in negligible external magnetic fields on films made by sputtering, coevaporation, and pulsed-laser deposition. For the samples with the narrowest transitions, as determined from the width of the peak in the real conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}(T),$ the superfluid density is mean-field-like to within 0.2 K of ${T}_{C}.$
The embedding of CAP-subgroups in finite groups

This paper features new and unpublished results about the cover-avoidance property presented in the context of previously established ones. The goal of this work is to contribute to the breadth of the current body of knowledge and to fill in some gaps in the literature. On one hand, we summarize and investigate further the relationships between the cover-avoidance property and normal, conjugate, Sylow, and maximal subgroups. On the other hand, we define a subgroup U to be a subCAP-subgroup of the finite group G if there exists a chain of subgroups $${U = U_{0}\leq U_{1}\leq \dotsm \leq U_{r} = G}$$ such that U i-1 is a CAP-subgroup of U i for all $${i \in \{1, \dots, r\}}$$ , and show how this property can be used to characterize solvable groups.
Disparity Coding-An Approach For Stereo Reconstruction

As the possibility of stereo-controlled robots becomes a reality, the need to transmit the stereo pair of images to a ground station or space station for man-in-the-loop supervision will be a necessity. The complexity of transmitting stereo images by coding the preprocessed disparity is presently discussed. The approach demonstrates the quantization, modulation, and reconstruction of the stereo images. Results indicate the accuracy of reconstruction in terms of mean-square-error criterion as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. Key research issues of interpolation from sparse disparity maps and reconstruction of the stereo pairs in the presence of spatial noise are presented. It is concluded that stereo reconstruction is possible, and the noise constraints are given.
Digital ghosts in the history museum: the haunting of today's mediascape

In 2005, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum opened in Springfield, Illinois, offering a new-media-driven ghost show as its museological mission statement. Catalyzed by an innocent peek at the journal of a soldier in the 33rd Illinois Regiment, the show follows a researcher's quiet evening at the library as it turns into a phantasmagoric visitation by harrowing battlefield acoustics and ghosts of fallen soldiers. In a deft – and problematic – manipulation of the audience's assumptions about display technologies' capacities, the show puts digital media to the task of resuscitating the otherwise lifeless artefacts and positing history as a constructionist, adaptive pursuit. In this capacity, Ghosts of the Library helps us to address two interrelated issues critical to contemporary media studies: museology's debates about remediating historical artefacts via digital media and film theory's debates about the uncertain digitized future of cinema.
Stomatal Diffusion Resistance of Snap Beans. I. Influence of Leaf-Water Potential

Concurrent measurements of abaxial and adaxial stomatal resistance and leaf-water potentials of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field and growth chamber show that the stomata on the 2 surfaces of the leaflet react differently to water deficit. The stomata on the abaxial surface, which are about 7 times more numerous than on the adaxial surface, are not significantly affected at leaf-water potentials greater than —11 bars, but with further decrease in leaf-water potential, the resistance rapidly increases. On the other hand, the resistance of the adaxial stomata increases sharply at a leaf-water potential of about —8 bars and is constant at higher water potentials. The average stomatal resistance for both surfaces of the leaf, which is the major diffusive resistance to water vapor, to a first approximation acts as an on-off switch and helps prevent further decline in leaf-water potential. The relation between the leaf-water potential and the stomatal resistance links the soil-water potential to the transpiration stream as needed for soil-plant-atmosphere models.
Flight results from the gravity-gradient-controlled RAE-1 satellite

The in-orbit dynamics of a large, flexible spacecraft has been modeled with a computer simulation, which was used for designing the control system, developing a deployment and gravity-gradient capture procedure, predicting the steady-state behavior, and designing a series of dynamics experiments for the Radio Astronomy Explorer (RAE) satellite. This flexible body dynamics simulator permits three-dimensional, large-angle rotation of the total spacecraft and includes effects of orbit eccentricity, thermal bending, solar pressure, gravitational accelerations, and the damper system. Flight results are consistent with the simulator predictions and are presented for the deployment and capture phases, the steady-state mission, and the dynamics experiments.
Reassessing Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Environmental Justice Research

The number of studies examining racial and socioeconomic disparities in the geographic distribution of environmental hazards and locally unwanted land uses has grown considerably over the past decade. Most studies have found statistically significant racial and socioeconomic disparities associated with hazardous sites. However, there is considerable variation in the magnitude of racial and socioeconomic disparities found; indeed, some studies have found none. Uncertainties also exist about the underlying causes of the disparities. Many of these uncertainties can be attributed to the failure of the most widely used method for assessing environmental disparities to adequately account for proximity between the hazard under investigation and nearby residential populations. In this article, we identify the reasons for and consequences of this failure and demonstrate ways of overcoming these shortcomings by using alternate, distance-based methods. Through the application of such methods, we show how assessments about the magnitude and causes of racial and socioeconomic disparities in the distribution of hazardous sites are changed. In addition to research on environmental inequality, we discuss how distance-based methods can be usefully applied to other areas of demographic research that explore the effects of neighborhood context on a range of social outcomes.
One-step synthesis of dendritic gold nanoflowers with high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties

A facile method to synthesize flower-like gold nanostructures showing multiple tips with dendritic structures is developed through a one-step reduction of HAuCl4 with dopamine at room temperature. The gold nanoflowers clearly increase the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, demonstrate promising biocompatibility, and could be internalized by cancer cells, indicating their potential for biomedical applications.
Genetic analysis of NHLH2 and its putative role in bovine body weight control.

Summary The control of energy balance is fundamental to adult animals and is necessary for weight gain/loss, reproductive capacity and general health. In mice, targeted deletion of the neuronal transcription factor Nhlh2 results in adult-onset obesity because of reduced exercise and infertility because of reduced sexual behaviour. Nhlh2 (NHLH2 for humans) is expressed in the hypothalamus, particularly in neurons that have been shown to regulate energy balance. We have cloned the bovine Nhlh2 gene (bNHLH2) and we have shown that bNHLH2 is also expressed in the hypothalamus. Phylogenetic analysis of Nhlh2 reveals that it is very highly conserved in humans, mice, chimps and cattle, and found in organisms with simpler nervous systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. Using a cattle–human comparative map and online databases, we have evidence that bNHLH2 is located near a quantitative trait locus for marbling on bovine chromosome 3 between microsatellite markers BM723 and BMS963. Cloning of the bNHLH2 gene from Holstein cattle and a mixed breed individual and comparison with Hereford sequences shows that the gene is highly conserved among bovine breeds.
Motherhood as Contested Ideological Terrain: Essentialist and Queer Discourses of Motherhood at Play in Female–female Co-mothers' Talk

Framed by relational dialectics theory (Baxter), this investigation considered the meaning(s) of motherhood in female–female co-motherhood. Analysis identified two competing discourses: (1) discourse of essential motherhood (DEM) and (2) discourse of queer motherhood (DQM). Speakers' invocation of the DEM reinscribes the mainstream US cultural discourse that children can have only one authentic (i.e., biological) mother, whereas invocation of the DQM denaturalizes the DEM's presumptions of authentic motherhood as biological, interrupts monomaternalism, destabilizes the patriarch, and troubles the equation of biological with moral motherhood. Whereas interpenetrations of the DEM and DQM were typically sites of adversarial discursive struggle, in a few instances, the DEM and DQM rose above their antagonistic relationship, combining to create new meanings of motherhood.
First-principles modeling of high-k gate dielectric materials

Abstract Materials problems of alternative high-k dielectric oxides for future metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) gate oxide application are examined from first-principles modeling perspective. We have analyzed the relationship between local atomic structures and the corresponding ionic contributions to static dielectric constant for metal oxides, and the analysis shows the importance of stabilizing high oxygen coordination structures for metal atoms. Based on the local atomic structure analysis, metal silicates and aluminate are expected to provide a possible solution of continuously scaling dielectric constant well above the values of amorphous silica (e0=3.9) and alumina (e0=9).
Calculating the electromagnetic field on the earth due to an electrodynamic tethered system in the ionosphere

A method is presented for calculating the electromagnetic wave field on the earth's surface associated with the operation of an electrodynamic tethered satellite system of constant or slowly varying current in the upper ionosphere. The wave field at the ionospheric boundary and on the earth's surface is obtained by numerical integration. The results suggest that the ionospheric waves do not propagate into the atmosphere and that the image of the Alfven wings from a steady-current tether should be greatly broadened on the earth's surface.
Web Site References in Print Advertising: An Analysis of Calls to Action

This article investigates the cross-promotion of Web sites in print advertisements. The purpose of the study is to identify whether and how advertisers are using Web site references as calls to action to attract readers to online sites. To address the objectives of this study, 2,613 print ads from business and consumer magazines were content analyzed. The results show that while Web site references are often included in print ads, their presentation is rather poor and the content is unappealing or unique.
The Rotation Flap for Covering Denuded Root Surfaces—A Closed Wound Technique

A rotation flap for covering denuded single root surfaces with attached gingiva has been described and illustrated. This was performed utilizing a closed wound technique. The single flap provided attached gingiva coverage for a moderate area while a double flap provided coverage for a larger area. Although more attached gingiva is required from the donor site than for the laterally positioned or sliding flap, the technique may be performed where a moderate degree of attached gingiva is available.
Psychology Baccalaureates at Work: Major Area Subspecializations, Earnings, and Occupations:

A Census Bureau national survey identified baccalaureates aged up to 64 years having major area subspecializations labeled “psychology,” “industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology,” and “counseling psychology.” Median 2009 earnings of all such types of baccalaureate psychology alumni were well below the distribution mean of the153 fields in the survey-wide sample. Further, psychology subspecialization group earnings differed widely from one another. As terminal baccalaureates, those who presumably specialized in counseling psychology earned only 54.7% of the wages of counterparts who specialized in I/O psychology. Undergraduate specializations and psychology subspecializations were associated with patterns of obtained occupational categories. Future developments in subspecializations for psychology majors were discussed in terms of intradepartmental curricular tracks.
Overview of natural history, pathology, molecular genetics and management of HNPCC (Lynch syndrome)

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) pre-disposes to cancers of the colon, endometrium and several other extra-colonic sites in the absence of premonitory physical stigmata (Muir-Torre syndrome excepted). Discovery of the several DNA mismatch repair genes (hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1, hPMS2) holds the potential for determining the cancer destiny of patients, theoretically in utero. Pre-symptomatic DNA testing is now possible in patients from HNPCC families and will be clinically available once inexpensive and simple tests for these germ-line mutations have been effected. Genetic counseling will be mandatory, given the myriad socio-psychological, insurance, and potentially other personal issues which may impact this knowledge. New findings in the pathology of HNPCC, particularly an increased frequency of interval cancers and the likely accelerated rate of the adenoma to cancer sequence, indicate the need for more frequent colonoscopic surveillance with an option for prophylactic subtotal colectomy in germ-line-positive individuals. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The faithfulness of abstract protocol analysis: message authentication

Dolev and Yao initiated an approach to studying cryptographic protocols which abstracts from possible problems with the cryptography so as to focus on the structural aspects of the protocol. Recent work in this framework has developed easily applicable methods to determine many security properties of protocols. A separate line of work, initiated by Bellare and Rogaway, analyzes the way specific cryptographic primitives are used in protocols. It gives asymptotic bounds on the risk of failures of secrecy or authentication.In this paper we show how the Dolev-Yao model may be used for protocol analysis, while a further analysis gives a quantitative bound on the extent to which real cryptographic primitives may diverge from the idealized model. We develop this method where the cryptographic primitives are based on Carter-Wegman universal classes of hash functions. This choice allows us to give specific quantitative bounds rather than simply asymptotic bounds.
Supporting new school leaders: findings from a university‐based leadership coaching program for new administrators

Administrators need intense support in their early years in their jobs to master the demands of the position and to emerge as effective leaders for their schools. This article reports on a leadership coaching program offered by a university to support graduates as they transition to new school leadership roles. First year research results of the Program for New Principals indicate that all of the program participants felt that the coaching program was a positive addition to the induction experience for new administrators. New principals viewed coaching positively and emphasized that it is both a valuable and unique form of professional development. Both coaches and new principals cited personalized support as one of the coaching model's most significant assets. The results should inform the development of a model of leadership coaching for new administrators.
Enhanced cation-substituted p-type doping in GaP from dual surfactant effects

Abstract We report first principles calculations demonstrating a dual-surfactant effect of Sb and H on enhanced Zn, Mg, Be and Cd incorporation in organometallic vapor phase epitaxially grown GaP films. The combined effects of Sb and H lower significantly the film doping energy during the epitaxial growth of all the p-type dopants studied, while neither Sb nor H can work alone as effectively. The role of H is to satisfy the electron counting rule. The role of Sb is to serve as an electron reservoir to help electron redistribution. We also predict that due to the low electronegativity of Mg, Sb and H will enhance Mg doping the least among these dopants because Mg as an electron reservoir itself may negate the electron reservoir effect of Sb. Our findings provide an important general physical understanding for p-type doping in III—V thin films.
Methods to estimate the conformation of proteins and polypeptides from circular dichroism data.

Abstract Circular dichroism (CD) is an excellent method for analyzing the conformation of proteins and peptides in solution. This review compares various methods of obtaining structural information from CD data and the advantages and pitfalls of each technique are detailed. Among the topics discussed are how does the wavelength range of data acquisition affect the precision of the determination of protein conformation, how precisely must the protein concentration be determined for each method to give reliable answers, and what computer resources are necessary to use each method.
Single Event Effects Characterization of Texas Instruments ADC12D1600CCMLS, 12 Bit, 3.2 GSPS Analog-to-Digital Converter with Static and Dynamic Inputs

Texas Instruments' ADC12D1600CCMLS is a dual channel, 12b Analog-to-Digital Converter that can support conversion rates up to 1.6 gigasamples per second (GSPS). The two channels can be seamlessly interleaved for conversion rates up to 3.2 GSPS. The device was put through heavy ion testing and was monitored for Single Event Latch-up, Single Event Functional Interrupt and Single Event Upset (SEU). Testing was done at two different ion energies and the impact of ion energy on SEU response is evaluated. SEU testing was performed with both static and dynamic inputs and the SEU signatures of each are compared.
The missing voice of patients in drug-safety reporting.

A drug label's “Adverse Reactions” section is based almost entirely on clinicians' impressions of patients' symptoms. Dr. Ethan Basch argues for collecting data directly from patients about symptoms they have while taking a drug.
PARTIAL-WAVE DISPERSION RELATIONS FOR MESON-NUCLEON SCATTERING

Partial-wave dispersion relations were used to calculate the pion- rucleon scatering amplitude of possible resonance effects in the two-pion system. (C.J.G.)
Reply to ``Comment on `Comprehensive analysis of Si-doped Al x Ga 1-x As (x=0 to 1): Theory and experiments' ''

Comments on the approximations used in the calculation of donor binding energies in Si-doped ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As are presented. The relation of intervalley kinetic energy and the cutoff of point-charge potential in the intervalley effective-mass theory is discussed.
Longitudinal Adult Practical Problem-Solving: 1983, 1993, 2003

A 20-year longitudinal study was conducted to examine adult performance on practical problems. Effects of independent variables of age, education, and administration time were assessed on solutions generated and quality points earned. Younger adults generated more solutions than other adults in 1983, 1993, and 2003. Both younger and middle adults increased the number of solutions offered across the 2 decades, but older adults did not. Similar patterns were observed with number of quality points earned. Participants from all age groups and all education levels were aware of, and applied, some changes in technology over the 20-year period.
GUIs for real-time programs using universal pointers

Most GUI systems follow designs from the 1980's that use programmer effort (e.g., boilerplate code and duplicate state) to reduce rendering and event delivery time. This makes little sense today, when a GPU can render millions of polygons and a CPU can touch billions of variables in a second. Our system reverses the historical design: it reduces coding effort by leveraging fast processors. This produces easy-to-write, skinnable GUIs that render fast, yet still provide a desirable separation of program and UI state.Key to our design is a new data structure called the Universal Pointer. This eliminates most repetitive event-handlers, GUI-specific variables, and duplicate state in real-time programs. We then build an API under which it takes only seconds to write a GUI and there is little code to then maintain. This even makes it practical to throw together ad-hoc GUIs during debugging, a practice we've found to be a real advantage and have used for two years on all of our research papers and consulting roles.
The absolute configuration of physostigmine.

Abstract Physostigmine, the toxic alkaloid of the Calabar bean, has been degraded systematically to (+)-1,3-dimethyl-3-ethyloxindole (Chart 1), which contains only one of the original asymmetric centers. The enantiomorph of this oxindole was then synthesized from (R)-(−)-2-methyl-2-phenylbutyric add, a substance of known configuration, allowing the assignment of the (3aS:8aR) configuration to physostigmine.
Assessment of the antigenic relatedness among H3 hemagglutinins of type A influenza viruses by competition radioimmunoassay.

Abstract Competition radioimmunoprecipitation assays were used to assess the antigenic relatedness of the hemagglutinins of four of the major variants of type A influenza viruses of the H3N2 subtype. Purified whole virus preparations representative of A/Hong Kong/68 (A/HK/68), A/England/72 (A/Eng/72), A/Port Chalmers/73 (A/PC/73), and A/Victoria/75 strains were used as competing antigens. These antigens were used to inhibit the binding of iodinated preparations of purified HA obtained from each of the variants to their homologous antiserum. These analyses indicated that the degree of cross-reactivity of the three later variants with A/HK/68 was inversely related to the sequence of their isolation from human populations and that each of these variants differed antigenically from the immediately preceding and/or succeeding variants by approximately 50%. A fifth strain A/Scotland/74 (A/Scot/74) was also used as a competing antigen and it did not follow the chronological pattern observed with the four major variants. The major proportion of the cross-reactivity observed between these strains appears to be mediated through antibodies with lower avidity for heterologous HAs. However, heterologous competition assays identified two identical antigenic determinants; one was expressed on the A/HK/68, A/Eng/72, A/PC/73, and A/Scot/74 variants and the other was found on only the latter three.
Horgan on Sleeping Beauty

With the notable exception of David Lewis, most of those writing on the Sleeping Beauty problem have argued that 1/3 is the correct answer. Terence Horgan has provided the clearest account of why, contrary to Lewis, Beauty has evidence against the proposition that the coin comes up heads when she awakens on Monday. In this paper, I argue that Horgan's proposal fails because it neglects important facts about epistemic probability.
Ticarcillin Therapy of Infections

Ticarcillin was administered as initial therapy during 73 episodes of infections occurring in 69 adults with neoplastic diseases. During the first six infections, doses of 5 gm were dissolved in 200 ml of solvent and administered intravenously over a 2-h period every 6 h. Four of six infections responded to therapy. However, two of the five Pseudomonas infections failed to respond, whereas the organisms causing the infection were sensitive to ticarcillin in vitro. During the remaining 67 infections, doses of 3.5 g were similarly dissolved and administered intravenously over a 2-h period every 4 h. The overall response to ticarcillin in these 67 infections was 43%. However, 18 of 20 Pseudomonas infections, three Proteus spp. infections, and one infection caused by H. influenzae responded. Only 1 of 7 infections caused by mixed organisms and 5 of 13 infections in which the etiologic agent could not be identified responded. Ticarcillin was ineffective against the majority of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. infections, organisms which were resistant to ticarcillin in vitro. The majority of patients were neutropenic, but the response rate was not dependent on the number of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes. Superinfection occurred in seven patients. Erythematous skin rash occurred in two patients, which subsided after discontinuation of the drug. No liver or renal toxicity occurred that could be attributed to ticarcillin.