cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NeuroRighter: Closed-loop multielectrode stimulation and recording for freely moving animals and cell cultures

Closed-loop systems, where neural signals are used to control electrical stimulation, show promise as powerful experimental platforms and nuanced clinical therapies. To increase the availability, affordability, and usability of these devices, we have created a flexible open source system capable of simultaneous stimulation and recording from multiple electrodes. The system is versatile, functioning with both freely moving animals and in vitro preparations. Current- and voltage-controlled stimulation waveforms with 1 µs resolution can be delivered to any electrode of an array. Stimulation sequences can be preprogrammed or triggered by ongoing neural activity, such as action potentials (APs) or local field potentials (LFPs). Recovery from artifact is rapid, allowing the detection of APs within 1 ms of stimulus offset. Since the stimulation subsystem provides simultaneous current/voltage monitoring, electrode impedance spectra can be calculated in real time. A sample closed-loop experiment is presented wherein interictal spikes from epileptic animals are used to trigger microstimulation.
Impaired inner medullary production of prostaglandin E2 in the kidney of the myxedematous rat.

Renal cAMP concentration and renal prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGE2a production were determined in control rats and rats with surgically induced myxedema. Slices from the kidneys of each group were incubated in vitro. cAMP concentration of inner medullary slices from the kidneys of myxedematous rats was decreased in comparison to slices from control rats. There was no difference between the two groups when slices from outer medulla and cortex were compared for cAMP level. In myxedema, there was decreased inner medullary production of PGE2, but not PGE2a. The difference in PGE2 production between myxedema and control rat kidneys was not corrected by addition of either arachidonic acid (170 μM) or phospholipase A2 (5 μg/ml). Arachidonic acid, however, increased inner medullary cAMP concentration in myxedema kidneys to a value not measurably different from control. Thus, there appears to be a decreased PGE2 production in the renal inner medulla of rats with myxedema. In view of the fact that PGE2 has previousl...
A note on the laminar mixing of two uniform parallel semi-infinite streams

According to classical boundary-layer theory, when two uniform parallel streams are brought into contact at large Reynolds number (R) the location of the dividing streamline remains indeterminate to O(R−½) if both streams are subsonic and semi-infinite in extent. It is demonstrated here that this indeterminacy is a fundamental property of such a system which cannot be resolved, as Ting (1959) proposed, by balancing the pressure across the viscous mixing region to higher order in R.
A multi-element blind adaptive multiuser detector

Multiuser detection techniques provide attractive performance characteristics for CDMA systems. A previously proposed blind adaptive multiuser detector provides near-far resistance without requiring any more information than a conventional detector. An optimum and two suboptimum multi-element blind adaptive receivers are proposed. These receivers exploit the spatial distribution of the users in a multiple access environment. The steady state performance of these detectors is analyzed and their complexity and the level of information required by each of them is compared.
Orione, a web-based framework for NGS analysis in microbiology

Summary: End-to-end next-generation sequencing microbiology data analysis requires a diversity of tools covering bacterial resequencing, de novo assembly, scaffolding, bacterial RNA-Seq, gene annotation and metagenomics. However, the construction of computational pipelines that use different software packages is difficult owing to a lack of interoperability, reproducibility and transparency. To overcome these limitations we present Orione, a Galaxy-based framework consisting of publicly available research software and specifically designed pipelines to build complex, reproducible workflows for next-generation sequencing microbiology data analysis. Enabling microbiology researchers to conduct their own custom analysis and data manipulation without software installation or programming, Orione provides new opportunities for data-intensive computational analyses in microbiology and metagenomics. Availability and implementation: Orione is available online at http://orione.crs4.it. Contact: ti.4src@uruccuc.oruamnaig Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Total synthesis of (-)-dictyostatin: confirmation of relative and absolute configurations.

Will the real dictyostatin please stand up? There were five finalists as stereostructures for the potent anticancer agent dictyostatin; ten, if one were to include enantiomers. A total synthesis of (-)-dictyostatin (1) has ended the decade-old masquerade and identified the winner as a structure recently proposed by Paterson and Wright.
Mothers, Fathers, and “Mathers” Negotiating a Lesbian Co-parental Identity

This article argues that to gain a more complete understanding of how lesbian families experience parenthood outside of the heterosexual context, scholars must consider how co-parents negotiate a parental identity, rather than presuming that women parents want to mother. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 17 women in a state that denies them parental legal rights, this article asks how a non—biologically related and non—legally related woman parent determines a parental identity in a social system that continually reminds her of her liminal position. Interviewees divided roughly evenly into the self-identified categories of “mother” and “father” and a collectively generated category of “mather,” a hybrid of the two words. The word mather served to anchor co-parents in otherwise uncertain seas, but the other groups felt their parental identity was significantly constrained by ill-fitting role expectations based on gender. We conclude by addressing the possibility for alternative family forms to transform ...
Short Telomeres Induce a DNA Damage Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Telomerase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells show a progressive decrease in telomere length. When grown for several days in log phase, the tlc1Δ cells initially display wild-type growth kinetics with subsequent loss of growth potential after which survivors are generated via RAD52-dependent homologous recombination. We found that chromosome loss in these telomerase-deficient cells only increased after a significant decline in growth potential of the culture. At earlier stages of growth, as the telomerase-deficient cells began to show loss of growth potential, the cells arrested in G2/M and showed RNR3 induction and Rad53p phosphorylation. These responses were dependent on RAD24 and MEC1, suggesting that short telomeres are recognized as DNA damage and signal G2/M arrest.
Sensitivity of the Aerosol Indirect Effect to Subgrid Variability in the Cloud Parameterization of the GFDL Atmosphere General Circulation Model AM3

The recently developed GFDL Atmospheric Model version 3 (AM3), an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM), incorporates a prognostic treatment of cloud drop number to simulate the aerosol indirect effect. Since cloud drop activation depends on cloud-scale vertical velocities, which are not reproduced in present-day GCMs, additional assumptions on the subgrid variability are required to implement a local activation parameterization into a GCM. This paper describes the subgrid activation assumptions in AM3 and explores sensitivities by constructing alternate configurations. These alternate model configurations exhibit only small differences in their presentday climatology. However, the total anthropogenic radiative flux perturbation (RFP) between present-day and preindustrial conditions varies by 650% from the reference, because of a large difference in the magnitude of the aerosol indirect effect. The spread in RFP does not originate directly from the subgrid assumptions but indirectly through the cloud retuning necessary to maintain a realistic radiation balance. In particular, the paper shows a linear correlation between the choice of autoconversion threshold radius and the RFP. Climate sensitivity changes only minimally between the reference and alternate configurations. If implemented in a fully coupled model, these alternate configurations would therefore likely produce substantially different warming from preindustrial to present day.
Analysis of the slot heating of the coupled cavity linac cavity

CCL cavities are figures of revolution about the beam axis. An automated tuning program sets up the geometry for a symmetric accelerating cavity and runs SUPERFISH repetitively, varying the geometry to tune each cavity to the desired frequency for the electromagnetic fields. SUPERFISH solves Maxwell's equations in 2-D. A large portion of the RF power (60-80%) applied to accelerate protons is a waste heat deposited on the inside of the copper cavity. This waste heat is removed most efficiently with water circulating through cooling passages. The waste heat needs to be removed in order to minimize thermal deformations and with it control the resonance of the cavities. A slot between the main cavity and coupled cavity receives additional heating that is not captured in the 2-D analysis. This heating causes deformation of the region and with it frequency shift. This paper covers the estimation of the slot heating and three-dimensional thermal and structural analysis of the CCL cavity.
Torsional actuator based on mechanically amplified shear piezoelectric response

A torsional actuator, based on the concept of mechanical amplification of piezoelectric shear strain and capable of generating large angular displacement, was proposed and studied experimentally. The actuator is a tube consisting of an even number of the segments poled along the length, which are adhesively bonded together, and the joints act as electrodes to apply the driving voltage. The experimental data measured on the prototype actuators (i) prove the proposed concept of mechanical amplification of small piezoelectric shear strain to generate large torsional motion, (ii) show that the actuator functions well both without load and under the torque load and (iii) demonstrate that the actuator can operate continuously for a long period of time without drop in its performance. Also, the results demonstrated that the proposed torsional actuator is capable of producing both large torque and large angular displacement in a compact package, sufficient to meet many smart structures requirements, and can be tailored for a variety of application requirements. Finally, one of the obvious advantages of the present design of the actuator is its simplicity: the piezoelectric shear strain is transformed directly into the angular displacement, whereas in the previously reported actuators, the conversion mechanism into the torsional motion was rather complicated which thus required a sophisticated design of the whole system.
FREDERICK MARSHALL WIRT

Fred Wirt—a leading scholar of American politics for 30 years and a pillar of integrity in the University of Illinois' department of political science over that same span of time—died on August 21, 2009, in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, at the age of 85.
Scientific Theories and Their Domains

If we examine some relatively sophisticated area of science at a particular stage of its development, we find that a certain body of information is, at that stage, taken to be an object for investigation. On a general level, one need only think of the subject matters called “electricity,” “magnetism,” “light,” or “chemistry”; but both within and outside such standard fields, there are more specific examples, such as what are taken to be subfields of the preceding subjects. Further, those general subjects themselves are, in many cases, considered to be related in certain ways. I will refer to such bodies of related items as domains, though we will find that, in the sense in which this concept will prove helpful in understanding science, and in particular in understanding the concept of a scientific “theory,” more is involved than the mere relatedness of certain items.
Variations in the Release of LH in Response to Electrochemical Stimulation of Preoptic Area and of Medial Rasal Hypothalamus During the Estrous Cycle of the Rat1

Electrochemical stimulation was performed at various stages of the estrous cycle and the release of LH estimated by the increase in plasma LH which occurred as a result of the stimulation. Plasma LH was determined by radioimmunoassay. Electrochemical stimulation of either the medial preoptic area (MPOA) or median eminence-arcuate region (ME-ARC) at 11 AM on proestrus produced dramatic elevations of plasma LH. On the other hand, similar stimulations carried out after the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins at 2300 hr were ineffective. If the preovulatory discharge of gonadotropins was blocked by treatment of the animals with Nembutal, the responsiveness to stimulation was partially restored. Stimulations of the MPOA or MEARC on diestrus day 1 produced only a slight elevation in plasma LH, whereas on diestrus day 2, there was a slightly greater response which was still much less than that obtained on the morning of proestrus. The cyclic variations in responsiveness to hypothalamic stimulation may reflect no...
Building the Mass Storage System at Jefferson Lab Ian Bird, Bryan Hess, Andy Kowalski

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is a U.S. Department of Energy Facility [1] conducting Nuclear Physics experiments that currently have data collection rates of up to 20 MB/second. Future experiments, however, are expected to greatly exceed these rates. Post processing and data analysis produce similar amounts of data. Both the raw and processed data are stored on tape and need to be easily accessible. Between data collection and processing, the Mass Storage System at Jefferson Lab currently moves over 2 TB of data per day.
Differential learning and memory performance in OEF/OIF veterans for verbal and visual material.

Objective: Memory complaints are particularly salient among veterans who experience combat-related mild traumatic brain injuries and/or trauma exposure, and represent a primary barrier to successful societal reintegration and everyday functioning. Anecdotally within clinical practice, verbal learning and memory performance frequently appears differentially reduced versus visual learning and memory scores. We sought to empirically investigate the robustness of a verbal versus visual learning and memory discrepancy and to explore potential mechanisms for a verbal/visual performance split. Method: Participants consisted of 103 veterans with reported history of mild traumatic brain injuries returning home from U.S. military Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Results: Findings indicate that visual learning and memory abilities were largely intact while verbal learning and memory performance was significantly reduced in comparison, residing at approximately 1.1 SD below the mean for verbal learning and approximately 1.4 SD below the mean for verbal memory. This difference was not observed in verbal versus visual fluency performance, nor was it associated with estimated premorbid verbal abilities or traumatic brain injury history. In our sample, symptoms of depression, but not posttraumatic stress disorder, were significantly associated with reduced composite verbal learning and memory performance. Conclusions: Verbal learning and memory performance may benefit from targeted treatment of depressive symptomatology. Also, because visual learning and memory functions may remain intact, these might be emphasized when applying neurocognitive rehabilitation interventions to compensate for observed verbal learning and memory difficulties.
Mean and Variability of the WHOI Daily Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes at In Situ Flux Measurement Sites in the Atlantic Ocean

Abstract Daily latent and sensible heat fluxes for the Atlantic Ocean from 1988 to 1999 with 1° × 1° resolution have been recently developed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) by using a variational object analysis approach. The present study evaluated the degree of improvement made by the WHOI analysis using in situ buoy/ship measurements as verification data. The measurements were taken from the following field experiments: the five-buoy Subduction Experiment in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, three coastal field programs in the western Atlantic, two winter cruises by R/V Knorr from the Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment, and the Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). The differences between the observed and the WHOI-analyzed fluxes and surface meteorological variables were quantified. Comparisons with the outputs from two numerical weather prediction (NWP) models were also conducted. The mean and daily variability of the latent and sensible heat fluxes f...
Racial variations in immune function and hematological parameters: description of study design and objectives

This paper describes a population-based study conducted by the National Cancer Institute which included the collection of blood from healthy black and white adults in the Washington, DC area and their children. For logistical reasons the initial survey excluded interviews with black smokers.
'Unfair Acts': U.S. Pay Equity by Race and Gender

Case studies in Canada, Australia, and the U.S. have found that pay equity (or comparable worth) has reduced the gender-based wage gap substantially, and results of research on the gender composition of jobs have been used in guiding pay equity implementation. But, in general, the racial composition of jobs remains overlooked in the literature and in public policy. We extend previous work on eliminating the wage penalty of employment in female-dominated occupations to estimating the potential effect of adopting comparable worth to alleviate race- as well as gender-based wage discrimination. First we report the negative impact of racial-ethnic and female composition of jobs on pay in the U.S. Correcting for this form of wage discrimination, we find that implementing comparable worth would appreciably narrow the race- and gender-based wage gaps and significantly reduce the percent of workers earning poverty-level wages, especially among women of color. Close to 50 percent of women of color and 40 percent of white women currently earning less than the federal poverty threshold for a family of three would be lifted out of poverty. Second, we show that, in addition to the effects of occupational concentration, being a woman, an African-American, or a worker of Hispanic origin negatively and significantly affects pay. Not every type of wage discrimination is alleviated by a pay equity policy, which is why activists have also supported anti-discrimination and affirmative action policies for women and people of color.
Support Vector Machines for Land Cover Mapping from Remote Sensor Imagery

Land cover mapping is an important activity leading to the generation of various thematic products essential for numerous environmental monitoring and resources management applications at local, regional, and global levels. Over the years, various pattern recognition techniques have been developed to automate this process from remote sensor imagery. Support vector machines (SVM) as a group of relatively novel statistical learning algorithms have demonstrated their robustness in classifying homogeneous and heterogeneous land cover types. In this chapter, we review the status and potential challenges in the SVM implementation for land cover classification. The chapter is organized into two major parts. The first part reviews the research status of using SVM for land cover classification, focusing on some comparative studies that demonstrated the algorithm effectiveness over other conventional classifiers. We identify several areas for additional work, which are mostly related to appropriate treatments of some parametric and non-parametric factors in order to achieve improved mapping accuracies particularly for working over heterogeneous landscapes. Then, we implement the support vector machine technique to map various land cover types from a satellite image covering an urban area, and demonstrate the robustness of this pattern recognition technique for mapping heterogeneous landscapes.
Volatile organic compounds at two oil and natural gas production well pads in Colorado and Texas using passive samplers.

ABSTRACTA pilot study was conducted in application of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Methods 325A/B variant for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) near two oil and natural gas (ONG) production well pads in the Texas Barnett Shale formation and Colorado Denver–Julesburg Basin (DJB), along with a traffic-dominated site in downtown Denver, CO. As indicated in the EPA method, VOC concentrations were measured for 14-day sampling periods using passive-diffusive tube samplers with Carbopack X sorbent at fenceline perimeter and other locations. VOCs were significantly higher at the DJB well pad versus the Barnett well pad and were likely due to higher production levels at the DJB well pad during the study. Benzene and toluene were significantly higher at the DJB well pad versus downtown Denver. Except for perchloroethylene, VOCs measured at passive sampler locations (PSs) along the perimeter of the Barnett well pad were significantly higher than PSs farther away. At the DJB well pad, mos...
Structure and Stability of Hydrated β-MnO2 Surfaces

Hydration of the β-MnO2 (110), (100), and (101) surfaces is investigated using a combination of periodic density functional theory and ab initio thermodynamics. Fully hydrated surfaces are found to be significantly more stable than the stoichiometric ones up to temperatures in the range of 650 to 730 K at ambient oxygen and water partial pressures. A mixture of molecular and dissociative water adsorption is predicted to occur on the (110) and (101) surfaces, while the (100) surface does not dissociate water. Changes in surface reactivity upon water adsorption are explored via partial density of states analysis. Differences in surface relaxations and vibrational spectra are discussed and can be used to identify the type of adsorption mode.
Rare Earth/Organic Dye Nanocomiposites by the Sol-Gel Method

This paper describes the processing of rare-earth/organic dye composites fabricated via three different sol-gel routes. In the first approach, low hydroxyl ormosil matrices were fabricated via reaction of a methyl-modified silicon halide with tertiary alcohol and subsequently doped with erbium iodide and a near-infrared dye. In the second approach, gels were made from tetramethoxysilane and doped with erbium complexes and dyes. In the third approach, a hybrid siloxane method was used. No Er3+ luminescence at 1.55 mm was observed in any of the three cases, mainly due to the strong absorption of the matrices centered around 1.4 mm. Fluorescence of Er3+ in the visible was observed in the first matrice, but no dye luminescence was detected. Dye luminescence was observed in the second type matrix, along with some reabsorption of the dye luminescence by Er3+. In the third approach, neodymium exhibited optical activity in the near infrared, as well as the dye.
Programmer Productivity in a World of Mushy Interfaces: Challenges of the Post-ISA Reality

Since 1964, we had the notion that the instruction set architecture (ISA) is a useful and fairly opaque abstraction layer between hardware and software. Software rode hardware's performance wave while remaining gloriously oblivious to hardware's growing complexity. Unfortunately, the jig is up. We still have ISAs, but the abstraction no longer offers seamless portability---parallel software needs to be tuned for different core counts, and heterogeneous processing elements (CPUs, GPUs, accelerators) further complicate programmability. We are better at building large-scale heterogeneous processors than we are at programming them. Maintaining software across multiple current platforms is difficult and porting to future platforms is also difficult. There have been many technical responses: virtual ISAs (e.g., NVIDIA's PTX), higher-level programming interfaces (e.g., CUDA or OpenCL), and late-stage compilation and platform-specific tailoring (e.g., Android ART), etc. A team of opinionated experts, drawn from the three ASPLOS communities will examine the problem of programmer productivity in the post-ISA world, first from the perspective of their area of expertise and then noting the contributions from the other two communities. What research will save us and how? This wide-ranging debate will frame important research areas for future work while being grounded in frank discussion about what has succeeded in the past. Attendees can expect actionable insight into important research issues as well an entertaining discussion.
Sub-Micron Resolution of Localized Ion Beam Induced Charge Reduction in Silicon Detectors Damaged by Heavy Ions

Displacement damage reduces ion beam induced charge (IBIC) through Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. Closely spaced pulses of 200 keV Si + + ions focused in a 40 nm beam spot are used to create damage cascades within 0.25 μm 2 areas. Damaged areas are detected through contrast in IBIC signals generated with focused ion beams of 200 keV Si + + ions and 60 keV Li + ions. IBIC signal reduction can be resolved over sub-micron regions of a silicon detector damaged by as few as 1000 heavy ions.
Power Plant Man-Machine Modeling with Systems Dynamics

The modeling of complex man-machine systems above the task level historically has been hampered by the difficulty in integrating models of human performance with other models of the system. In particular, modeling the macro-dynamics of a nuclear power plant process and in conjunction with the features of the control room has not been attempted due to the complexity of both elements. If such a model could be developed, then the interactions between performance shaping factors and process parameters could be studied.
Safely accelerating past stop signs

Up to a third of inherited genetic diseases and cancers may be due to premature termination codons (PTCs), and in many cases the phenotype is more severe compared with other types of mutations as there is complete loss of protein function. Efforts to promote translation through a PTC and thereby
Effects of ore-coke mixed charging on softening-dripping behavior of vanadium-titanium magnetite composite burdens

Effects of ore-coke mixed charging on softening-dripping behavior of vanadium-titanium magnetite composite burdens and migration patterns of V and Cr elements in slag-iron were studied systemically and theoretically to improve the level of smelting vanadium-titanium magnetite in blast furnace. The proportion of sinter and pellet was constant. The results show that, ore-coke mixed charging ratio has significant effects on the softening and dripping parameters including softening zone, melting zone dripping ratio and permeability. With the increase of ore-coke mixed charging ratio, the softening range t40-t4 tends to be a little wider; the melting range tD-tSis greatly narrowed; the cohesive zone tends to narrow and its location is shaft down; softening-dripping characteristics tends to decrease significantly, gas permeability becomes better and the dripping ratio tends to increasing then decreasing; the recovery ratio of V and Cr in initial iron tends to increasing then decreasing. Thus, a certain ratio of ore-coke mixed charging is helpful to improve the softening-dripping behavior of vanadium- titanium magnetite composite burdens for smelting in blast furnace. The optimal ore- coke mixed charging ratio is 25%.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 33°N: the Hayes Fracture Zone

Abstract A geophysical study was conducted over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 32–39°N and 30–40°W. A particularly deep fracture was observed which offset the ridge crest 110 km in the vicinity of 33°N. A pole of relative motion between the North American and African plates was deduced from this fracture zone as being at 63.1°N, 17°W.
Beyond the Feeble Mind: Foregrounding the Personhood of Inmates with Significant Intellectual Disabilities in the Era of Institutionalization

This essay explores the experiences of persons with significant intellectual disabilities at the Vermont State School for Feebleminded Children (later Brandon Training School) in the period 1915-1960. We discuss the limits of existing histories of intellectual disability in accounting for the distinct experiences of significantly intellectually disabled people. This essay works to correct the tendency to define the nominal intellectual disability of "morons" and "borderline" cases—both in the past and in disability historiography of the past—against the abject, embodied difference of the "low-grade idiot" or "imbecile." The history we offer has implications for the present-day disability rights movement.
Challenges of implementation and implementation research: Learning from an intervention study designed to improve tumor registry reporting:

Objectives:Implementation of interventions designed to improve the quality of medical care often proceeds differently from what is planned. Improving existing conceptual models to better understand the sources of these differences can help future projects avoid these pitfalls and achieve desired effectiveness. To inform an adaptation of an existing theoretical model, we examined unanticipated changes that occurred in an intervention designed to improve reporting of adjuvant therapies for breast cancer patients at a large, urban academic medical center.Methods:Guided by the complex innovation implementation conceptual framework, our study team observed and evaluated the implementation of an intervention designed to improve reporting to a tumor registry. Findings were assessed against the conceptual framework to identify boundary conditions and modifications that could improve implementation effectiveness.Results:The intervention successfully increased identification of the managing medical oncologist and t...
Franco: The Biography of the Myth. By Antonio Cazorla‐Sánchez. (London, England: Routledge, 2014. Pp. viii, 271. $39.95.)

The author of this book undertakes to write the story of Francisco Franco. Antonio Cazorla‐Sanchez has achieved his goal, contributing to our understanding of how the Spanish dictator was viewed by...
High Energy Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Astronomy

There are at least three arguments why we need a new type of astronomy — high energy neutrino astronomy. Low energy (MeV) neutrino astronomy exists. It detected the neutrinos from SN 1987a and continuously monitors the emission of solar neutrinos in different energy ranges. Davis and Koshiba received the 2002 Nobel prize in physics for these observations.
Education of artistically talented students from selected socio-economic and culturally diverse backgrounds

The purpose of this study was to assess accommodations for gifted art students of culturally diverse backgrounds, to see how socio-economic class and culture influence identification and opportunities for gifted art students, and to identify similarities and differences among gifted art students. I conducted and analyzed interviews with five art teachers and five artistically talented students around Phoenix. Teacher interviews indicated all art teachers had experience teaching diverse students. Teachers define artistic talent a natural ability, and look at the student’s product. Teachers recommend students to community art classes. Teachers vary in support, some having more than enough resources, others saying they need smaller class sizes, or want to take students to artist studios. Results from student interviews reveal all students were self-motivated to do art everyday, some after a big life event, such as depression or family death. Students think of art as something relatable, defining art vaguely. All students have future plans with art in college or their free time. Participants had supportive/encouraging art teachers and parents and had art materials readily available. Because of the need to prepare for growing diversity, art teachers may benefit by gaining a better understanding of artistically talented students of diverse backgrounds.
Neoliberal Education for Work Versus Liberal Education for Leisure

My concern in this essay is not so much with the invisible work or hidden labor produced by neoliberalism, but rather with what Joseph Pieper describes as an emerging culture of “total work” (Pieper, p. 43). More than the sheer (and increasing) number of hours of work, Pieper diagnoses a transformation in the way we view work. Work (or the necessary tasks of production and consumption) has become the exclusive point of reference for how we see and define ourselves. We are, Pieper feared, increasingly incapable of seeing beyond the working self. The human being (or homo sapien) has become the human worker (or homo faber). Historically, the ideal of leisure offered a counter vision (and its practices a counterbalance) to this tendency. Michael Oakeshott notes that while human beings must attend to the necessities for survival, they are most especially distinguished (from other animals) by their capacity for leisure—by an ability to pursue questions, conversations, and explorations that transcend the realm of production and consumption (Oakeshott 1989). To overlook and exclude leisurely pursuits is to diminish our humanity.
TRAYECTOS E IMAGINARIOS URBANOS FINISECULARES EN LA POESÍA DE MUJERES EN EL CONOSUR

Este articulo situa al centro de su discusion la pregunta: ?que ciudad -o ciudades- son aquellas sobre las que las producciones poeticas de mujeres en el Conosur americano privilegian durante los dos ultimos decenios del siglo XX? Sin duda, es imposible dar respuestas exhaustivas a esta interrogante en un espacio escritural delimitado como este. Por lo tanto, se trata aqui de realizar una breve relacion descriptiva que -por ahora- de cuenta de un trayecto cartografico alrededor de diferentes representaciones del espacio especialmente urbano, en la poesia de mujeres conosurenas durante las dictaduras de los 80 y el periodo que abarca las primeras postdictaduras de la decada de los 90.
Inhibitor of ppGalNAc-T3-mediated O-glycosylation blocks cancer cell invasiveness and lowers FGF23 levels

Complex cascades of interactions between different molecules regulate every process in the body. Enzymes are critical for this, because they act as ‘catalysts’ to speed up chemical reactions in a cell. Each type of enzyme has a specific role. The enzyme ppGalNAc-T3, for example, attaches sugar molecules onto certain proteins via a process called glycosylation. This modification fine-tunes the activity of the proteins. The enzyme ppGalNAc-T3 is implicated in at least two medically important pathways. It increases the amount of the hormone FGF23, which regulates phosphate levels in the bloodstream. Hormones are messenger molecules that regulate most processes that are crucial for life, and too much or too little of a hormone can lead to diseases. High levels of FGF23, for example, can cause serious and often fatal problems in patients with chronic kidney disease. The enzyme ppGalNAc-T3 is also known to encourage and stimulate some cancer cells to spread from their original location to other parts of the body – a process known as metastasis – which ultimately leads to the vast majority of cancer deaths every year. Thus, a drug or molecule that blocks ppGalNAc-T3 could be used to lower FGF23 levels in patients with kidney disease and potentially prevent cancer cells from spreading. However, until now, it was unknown if such a molecule existed. To identify a compound that specifically regulates ppGalNAc-T3, Song and Linstedt engineered human cells grown in the laboratory to become fluorescent when ppGalNAc-T3 was blocked. Out of the over 20,000 compounds screened, one compound named T3Inh-1 selectively blocked ppGalNAc-T3. Further experiments showed that the T3Inh-1 compound reduced FGF23 hormone levels in both tissue cells grown in the laboratory and mice, without causing any toxic side effects. It also prevented breast cancer cells grown in the laboratory from spreading. The results demonstrated that T3Inh-1 is the first drug-like inhibitor that can target this kind of enzyme. An important next step will be to test the compound in animal models for chronic kidney disease and cancer metastasis.
On the Bias in Eigenvalues of Sample Covariance Matrix

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a multivariate statistical technique frequently employed in research in behavioral and social sciences, and the results of PCA are often used to approximate those of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) because the former is easier to implement. In practice, the needed number of components or factors is often determined by the size of the first few eigenvalues of the sample covariance/correlation matrix. Lawley (1956) showed that if eigenvalues of population covariance matrix are distinct, then each sample eigenvalue contains a bias of order 1/N, which is typically ignored in practice. This article further shows that, under some regulatory conditions, the order of the bias term is p/N. Thus, when p is large, the bias term is no longer negligible even when N is large.
Resource Management, Rural

Rural regions are usually dependent on natural resources, including agricultural resources (soil and water), forest resources, fisheries, minerals, and scenery. Some rural communities have recently begun utilizing their historical or cultural features as a basis for income, either supplementing or replacing their more traditional resource base. Resource management has varied through time, with changes based on a variety of factors, including markets, environmental understanding, technology, and recognition of different resource values. Decision making regarding resource management varies among individual landowners, corporate business enterprises, and government agencies. These owners value the goods provided by the resources differently, have different economic or environmental goals, have different understandings of the resources, and control resources at varying scales. A variety of management techniques are available for specific resources, ranging from actions that address fairly narrow concerns (like soil fertility) to those that take a very broad outlook. The latter include approaches that have been labeled agroecosystem management, holistic management, and ecosystem management. As in other realms of interest, sustainability and sustainable development concerns have also arisen as a focus of rural resource use.
Percutaneous Device Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With Presumed Cryptogenic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The Mayo Clinic Experience

Objectives We sought to determine safety, recurrence rates, and novel risk factors for recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) after patent foramen ovale closure. Background Patent foramen ovale closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke/TIA remains highly controversial. There are limited data on long-term recurrence rates and their predictors in these patients. Methods The records of all patients who underwent patent foramen ovale device closure between December 2001 and June 2006 were reviewed. Patients were seen for clinical follow-up at 3 months then followed annually via telephone. Primary end points were recurrent stroke/TIA. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate recurrent event rates. Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for recurrences. Results There were 352 patients with cryptogenic stroke (n = 225) or TIA (n = 118) with a mean age of 53.4 years. The procedural complication rate was 3.4%. Recurrent events occurred in 8 patients: 7 strokes and 2 TIA, 1 patient had 2 recurrent strokes. The recurrence rate was 0.6% and 2.1% for stroke and 0.3% and 0.7% for TIA at 1 and 4 years, respectively. The combined end point of recurrent stroke/TIA occurred at a rate of 0.9% and 2.8% at 1 and 4 years, respectively. Risk factors for recurrences were elevated pulmonary artery pressure (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, p = 0.009), elevated right ventricular pressure (HR: 1.09, p = 0.04), factor V Leiden mutation (HR: 7.42, p = 0.014), and protein S deficiency (HR: 12.2, p = 0.002). Residual shunt and atrial septal aneurysm were not associated with recurrences. Conclusions Patent foramen ovale device closure is safe and is associated with a low recurrence of stroke/TIA. Factors associated with recurrence are thrombophilia and elevated intracardiac pressures.
Place and Perception: Constructions of Community and Safety across Neighborhoods and Residents:

Residents of urban neighborhoods derive a sense of place and connection to their neighborhoods through their engagement with the neighborhood, including both the people in it and its amenities. In ...
RETHINKING CHILD RIGHTS THROUGH POST-CHILD ETHICS

Direitos infantis universais nao funcionam. Ha uma trajetoria clara de agendas baseadas em direitos, desde o Iluminismo, que deixam os jovens sem espaco e fora do lugar. Com este artigo, concentro-me explicitamente na vida precaria da juventude: sua situacao dentro de cenarios de transformacao politica e economica que enfraquecem as instituicoes sociais tradicionais de cuidado e cidadania. Como a vida dos jovens sao feitas ou desfeitas enquanto sofrimento e capacidade de suportar, por meio da despossessao e do apagamento? Empiricamente, eu discuto o cerceamento dos direitos dos jovens em face da transformacao do socialismo de Estado, em primeiro lugar, para um Estado neoliberal aparentemente livre e aberto no segundo. Que tipo de possibilidades politicas baseadas em direitos estao disponiveis para os jovens de hoje e como a cidadania emocional cotidiana medeia esses eventos? A nocao de cidadania emocional cotidiana e capaz de retrabalhar contextos de direitos e sujeitos? Sugiro uma possivel resposta a essa pergunta por meio do que Rosi Braidotti chama de etica sustentavel pos-humana
PD-L1 Expression with Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Circulating Tumor Cells Is Associated with Poor Survival in Curatively Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

In addition to the FDA-approved definition of a circulating tumor cell (CTC), various CTC phenotypes have been discovered. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells is directly linked to PD-L1 upregulation. The goal of the study was to investigate PD-L1 expression and EMT in CTCs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and perform an outcome analysis. Prospectively, 7.5 mL peripheral blood was collected from 30 NSCLC patients that underwent surgery and 15 healthy controls. CTCs were enriched by size-based microfilter and immunofluorescence stainings performed (cytokeratin (CK) 8/18/19, EpCAM, CD45, PD-L1, EMT markers vimentin, and N-Cadherin, DAPI). Patient-matched NSCLC tissues were also stained. CTC staining intensity was quantified with a software and correlated with patient-matched NSCLC tissues and survival. PD-L1 and EMT markers were expressed at significantly higher proportions in CTCs than patient-matched NSCLC tissues (p < 0.05); ≥3 PD-L1pos/EMTposCTCs were associated with significantly poorer survival after curative surgery (p < 0.05). No CTCs were detected in 15 healthy controls. This study shows that PD-L1 expression and EMT of CTCs is a negative survival predictor for NSCLC patients. The therapeutic role of the molecular linkage of PD-L1 and EMT will need to be further investigated, as linked pathways could be targeted to improve NSCLC outcome.
Noninvasive staging of pressure ulcers using photoacoustic imaging.

Ulcers including pressure ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers damage the skin and underlying tissue in people with compromised blood circulation. They are classified into four stages of severity and span from mild reddening of the skin to tissue damage and muscle/bone infections. Here, we used photoacoustic imaging as a noninvasive method for detecting early tissue damage that cannot be visually observed while also staging the disease using quantitative image analysis. We used a mouse model of pressure ulcers by implanting subdermal magnets in the dorsal flank and periodically applying an external magnet to the healed implant site. The magnet-induced pressure was applied in cycles, and the extent of ulceration was dictated by the number of cycles. We used both laser- and light-emitting diode (LED)-based photoacoustic imaging tools with 690 nm excitation to evaluate the change in photoacoustic signal and depth of injury. Using laser-based photoacoustic imaging system, we found a 4.4-fold increase in the photoacoustic intensity in stage I vs. baseline (no pressure). We also evaluated the depth of injury using photoacoustics. We measured a photoacoustic ulcer depth of 0.38 ± 0.09 mm, 0.74 ± 0.11 mm, 1.63 ± 0.4 mm, and 2.7 ± 0.31 mm (n = 4) for stages I-IV, respectively. The photoacoustic depth differences between each stage were significant (p < 0.05). We also used an LED-based photoacoustic imaging system to detect early stage (stage I) pressure ulcers and observed a 2.5-fold increase in photoacoustic signal. Importantly, we confirmed the capacity of this technique to detect dysregulated skin even before stage I ulcers have erupted. We also observed significant changes in photoacoustic intensity during healing suggesting that this approach can monitor therapy. These findings were confirmed with histology. These results suggest that this photoacoustic-based approach might have clinical value for monitoring skin diseases including pressure ulcers.
Use of Propofol Plus Dexmedetomidine in Patients Experiencing Severe Alcohol Withdrawal in the Intensive Care Unit

Alcohol abuse and alcohol withdrawal syndrome are major problems in the United States. This retrospective chart review assessed efficacy and safety of propofol plus dexmedetomidine used in combination as adjunctive therapy to benzodiazepines compared with either agent used alone in the treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit and experiencing severe alcohol withdrawal between September 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018 were assessed for eligibility. Primary end points were change in the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar) score and incidence of bradycardia and hypotension. The combination of propofol and dexmedetomidine was associated with a change in CIWA-Ar score of -10.4 (95%CI -13.5 to -7.3) points compared with -4.7 (95%CI -6.6 to -2.8) points with propofol and -4.4 (95%CI -7.4 to -1.4) with dexmedetomidine (P = .21). Bradycardia was experienced by 11.1% of patients receiving the combination, 15.4% of patients receiving propofol, and 28.6% of patients receiving dexmedetomidine (P = .40). Patients receiving dexmedetomidine experienced hypotension at a rate of 21.4% compared with 22.2% of patients receiving the combination and 38.5% of patients receiving propofol (P = .08). Patients in the combination group also had a shorter length of hospital and intensive care unit stay and shorter time to extubation when compared with the propofol and dexmedetomidine groups. Although no statistical significance was found, the combination was associated with better efficacy and safety outcomes than produced by either agent used alone.