cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translocation breakpoint mapping and sequence analysis in three monosomy 1p36 subjects with der(1)t(1;1)(p36;q44) suggest mechanisms for telomere capture in stabilizing de novo terminal rearrangements.

Monosomy 1p36 results from a variety of chromosome rearrangements, including terminal deletions, interstitial deletions, derivative chromosomes, and complex rearrangements. Our previous molecular studies on a large cohort of monosomy 1p36 subjects suggest that a significant percentage of terminal deletions of 1p36 are stabilized by the acquisition of telomeric sequences from other chromosome ends, forming derivative chromosomes (i.e., “telomere capture”). However, the molecular mechanism(s) that results in and/or stabilizes terminal deletions of 1p36 by telomere capture is poorly understood. In this report, we have mapped the translocation breakpoints in three subjects with der(1)t(1;1)(p36;q44) chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These results indicate that the breakpoint locations are variable in all three subjects, with no common 1p deletion or 1q translocation breakpoints. In addition, sequence analysis of the 1p and 1q breakpoint-containing clones did not identify homologous sequences or low-copy repeats in the breakpoint regions, suggesting that nonallelic homologous recombination did not play a role in mediating these rearrangements. Microsatellite marker analysis indicates that two of the three derivative chromosomes were formed by intra-chromosomal rearrangements. These data are consistent with a number of recent reports in other model organisms that suggest break-induced replication at the site of a double-strand break may act as a mechanism of telomere capture by generating nonreciprocal translocations from terminally deleted chromosomes. Alternative models are also discussed.
A quantitative study on the relationship of salivary blood group substances to periodontal disease.

Saliva samples were studied to determine if salivary Blood Group Substances are related to periodontal disease. Forty patients were studied,, and at each visit Oral Hygiene and Ramfjord Periodontal indices were tabulated. Hemagglutination inhibition tests were used to determine the A-B-H titer and Lewis blood groups. No correlation of the above indices to Blood Group Secretor status was established.
Backscatter sensitivity to the directionality and power parameter of a two-dimensional scattering model

The authors derive and examine the dependence of the nadir backscatter on the fundamental parameters of a model of the ocean surface. These dependences indicate how accurate the estimates of the surface state can be. While the surface roughness provides the dominant effect in determining the scattering coherency, the choice of modeling the surface as uni-directional or isotropic (or somewhere in between) is critical, as is the value of the power parameter of the k/sup -p/ power-law spectrum. These sensitivities are found using physical optics; geometrical optics does not reveal them.
Vicarious Grieving and the Media

This article addresses the question, “How has media growth and influence impacted the way we grieve in the United States?” The media has grown dramatically in recent years in variety, speed and intensity of information. Thus, the media’s coverage of both real and fictional death and trauma has increased the incidence of vicarious grieving and vicarious traumatization by the viewing public. Accessing the human innate capacity to empathize, the media invites us to share in the sorrow of others and to bind together in times of collective tragedy. At the same time, the intensity and scope of the public’s exposure to unnatural death might be creating a generation that is actually less sensitive to the needs of others.
Thermal Contact Resistance of a Silicon Nanowire on a Substrate

Increased interest in determining the thermal contact resistance encountered in various nanoscale devices derives from its role as a critical bottleneck to thermal transport at submicron scales. In the present work, the contact resistance of one such configuration — a silicon nanowire on a Si substrate — has been studied. A model based on the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) in the solid and Fourier conduction in the surrounding gas is used, in conjunction with a previously published finite volume method. This approach enables the accurate computation and examination of the relative magnitudes of constriction resistance, air thermal resistances, and the bulk resistance of the wire on transverse heat transport. The results confirm that the effective resistance is dominated by constriction resistance even for low and moderate wire acoustic thicknesses and that the constriction resistance is well represented by ballistic-limit models. In the mesoscale regime when the constriction is partially diffusive, a simple addition of diffusive and ballistic resistances is shown to work reasonably well, in agreement with previously published estimates. For higher wire acoustic thicknesses, the effects of bulk scattering in the wire cannot be ignored and a simple additive formula is inadequate. The fluid surrounding the wire can act as a complementary parallel pathway for thermal transport; however, in the high gas-phase Knudsen regime, the constriction resistance remains the controlling factor for overall thermal conductance.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Small study finds 27.7% prevalence of pressure ulcers in paediatric hospitals in Switzerland, with many cases caused by external medical devices

Commentary on: AB Schluer, E Cignacco, M Muller, et al.. The prevalence of pressure ulcers in four paediatric institutions. J Clin Nurs2009;18:3244–52.
Two Nonlinear Applications

This chapter will illustrate that the BOXES methodology can be adapted to provide control assistance in two rather esoteric application areas; the first relates to improving a time forecasting algorithm prevalent in database disc file access, and the second to reducing oscillations in a chaotic system. While the original BOXES algorithm must be modified the overarching principles remain intact. Adaptive BOXES is an intelligent accessing methodology that is transparent to the user and provides measurable performance upgrade using the familiar signature table in novel ways. To illustrate the possible control of a chaotic system, the BOXES method is adapted to modify the coefficients in the well-known Lorentz equations with some startling results.
Early use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-receptor inhibitors in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndromes.

The early use of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa-receptor inhibitors in patients with non-ST-segment-elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) is discussed. Unstable angina and NSTE myocardial infarction, collectively known as NSTE ACSs, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Updated guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association for the management of NSTE ACSs strongly recommend that patients with intermediate- to high-risk features (e.g., ST-segment depression, elevated cardiac markers, and recurrent ischemia) be managed with an early invasive or other aggressive strategy (diagnostic angiography within 48 hours and, if warranted, percutaneous or surgical revascularization) and immediate treatment with a GP IIb/IIIa-receptor inhibitor. In low-risk patients, either an early invasive or an early conservative strategy (diagnostic angiography only for recurrent or refractory ischemia or a positive stress test result) is appropriate. For patients managed with an early conservative approach, the guidelines recommend GP IIb/IIIa-receptor inhibitor therapy with eptifibatide or tirofiban hydrochloride, especially in high-risk patients. Abciximab should not be used in patients in whom percutaneous coronary intervention is not planned. Greater implementation of the recommendations concerning the early use of GP IIb/IIIa-receptor inhibitors may result in reduced mortality rates. A large body of clinical evidence supports the updated ACC and AHA recommendations for managing patients with NSTE ACSs.
Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Emergence per Exit Hole in Ponderosa Pine Thinning Slash

In field population studies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), emergence densities are commonly estimated from numbers of exit holes in the bark surface. Adjustment of these numbers is necessary for accurate assessment of emergence because some new adults exit through holes made by earlier developing beetles of the same brood (Struble and Hall 1955, Miller and Keen 1960). A correction factor for Ips pini (Say) exit hole numbers in slash felled in precommercial thinnings of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws., was obtained by caging infested bolts and subsequently comparing numbers of emerged beetles and exit holes.
Integrated regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor phosphorylation in the striatum by dopamine and acetylcholine.

Abstract Dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) signals converge onto protein kinase A (PKA) in medium spiny neurons of the striatum to control cellular and synaptic activities of these neurons, although underlying molecular mechanisms are less clear. Here we measured phosphorylation of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) at a PKA site (S845) as an indicator of AMPAR responses in adult rat brains in vivo to explore how DA and ACh interact to modulate AMPARs. We found that subtype-selective activation of DA D1 receptors (D1Rs), D2 receptors (D2Rs), or muscarinic M4 receptors (M4Rs) induced specific patterns of GluA1 S845 responses in the striatum. These defined patterns support a local multitransmitter interaction model in which D2Rs inhibited an intrinsic inhibitory element mediated by M4Rs to enhance the D1R efficacy in modulating AMPARs. Consistent with this, selective enhancement of M4R activity by a positive allosteric modulator resumed the cholinergic inhibition of D1Rs. In addition, D1R and D2R coactivation recruited GluA1 and PKA preferentially to extrasynaptic sites. In sum, our in vivo data support an existence of a dynamic DA-ACh balance in the striatum which actively modulates GluA1 AMPAR phosphorylation and trafficking. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘Ionotropic glutamate receptors’.
The bone marrow stromal microenvironment influences myeloma therapeutic response in vitro

The bone marrow microenvironment supports growth and differentiation of normal hematopoietic cells and can contribute to malignant growth. Since myeloma cells localize and accumulate in bone marrow, it is important to understand the influence of the bone marrow microenvironment not only on the growth of the malignant cells, but also on the therapeutic response of myeloma cells. Growth factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by bone marrow stromal cells can protect myeloma cells from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. We examined the effect of myeloma cells-bone marrow stromal cells interaction in vitro on several therapeutic treatments. An interleukin-6-dependent myeloma cell line ANBL6 was used and treated with dexamethasone, doxorubicin, and melphalan in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. Stromal cells were able to protect ANBL6 from dexamethasone, but significantly enhanced the effect of doxorubicin and melphalan. IL-6-induced bcl-XL and cyclin D2 expression in ANBL6 cells, but dexamethasone was able to suppress both bcl-XL and cyclin D2 expression in ANBL6. Doxorubicin and melphalan were able to suppress bcl-XL expression only in the presence of IL-6. We also looked at the effect of activating mutations of N-ras in myeloma cells interacting with stromal cells on therapeutic responses. Surprisingly, ANBL6 N-ras shows significant resistance to all drugs used. Notably, the presence of stromal cells did not alter ANBL6 Nras cells' drug resistance. These results suggest both the bone marrow microenvironment and genetic alterations of myeloma cells can independently impact on therapeutic responses.
Geometric and Electronic Structure Contributions to Function in Non-heme Iron Enzymes

Mononuclear non-heme Fe (NHFe) enzymes play key roles in DNA repair, the biosynthesis of antibiotics, the response to hypoxia, cancer therapy, and many other biological processes. These enzymes catalyze a diverse range of oxidation reactions, including hydroxylation, halogenation, ring closure, desaturation, and electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS). Most of these enzymes use an FeII site to activate dioxygen, but traditional spectroscopic methods have not allowed researchers to insightfully probe these ferrous active sites. We have developed a methodology that provides detailed geometric and electronic structure insights into these NHFeII active sites. Using these data, we have defined a general mechanistic strategy that many of these enzymes use: they control O2 activation (and limit autoxidation and self-hydroxylation) by allowing FeII coordination unsaturation only in the presence of cosubstrates. Depending on the type of enzyme, O2 activation either involves a 2e– reduced FeIII–OOH intermediate o...
Selective Primary Health Care: Strategies for Control of Disease in the Developing World. XVIII. Pertussis and Diphtheria

Pertussis and diphtheria, bacterial infections responsible for significant childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world, are potentially controllable by mass immunization. The incidence of pertussis has been dramatically reduced in many areas of the world over the past 25 years by the use of pertussis vaccine. The massive increase in incidence of clinical pertussis in Great Britain and other European nations occurring after publicity about vaccine reactogenicity precipitated a marked decrease in vaccine acceptance has documented the efficacy of the vaccine and the necessity of continued immunization. The issue of potential toxicity is, nevertheless, being addressed with the development of a cell-free, component pertussis vaccine. The use of diphtheria toxoid, directed at protecting recipients against the systemic effects of diphtheria toxin, has resulted in excellent control of the disease in the United States and elsewhere. Certainly the use of these two vaccines on a mass scale is the preferred approach to worldwide control, if not eradication, of these infectious diseases.
Studies of primary central nervous system lymphoma with fluorine-18- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography

Primary CNS lymphoma is a rare and highly malignant primary brain tumor. Ten patients with biopsy-proven primary CNS lymphoma were studied with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) to demonstrate the findings in patients with this tumor. The accumulation of FDG in primary CNS lymphoma is similar to that seen in anaplastic gliomas and is significantly more prominent than in low grade astrocytomas (p = 0.001). Steroid therapy substantially reduced the amount of FDG uptake in the one case studied both before and after its administration. The difference in FDG uptake between steroid-treated and untreated cases of primary CNS lymphoma, however, did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.40). Primary CNS lymphoma, like gliomas, suppresses the metabolism of both contiguous and distant but functionally linked areas of the brain. This study thus shows that the metabolic behavior of primary CNS lymphoma, as monitored by FDG-PET, resembles that of malignant glial tumors.
Systematic Acquired Resistance(SAR) of Plant and its Signal Regulation

Systematic Acquired Resistance(SAR) of plant is one kind of Induced Acquired Disease Resistance,a new resistance which built in plant after being infected.Salicylic acid(SA) is an important signal molecule of SAR and transcription factor "NPR1" is activated through the signal transduction by SA.On the other hand,NPR1 is also a negative feedback regulation factor of the SA synthesis.NPR1 interacts with down-stream transcription factor "WRKY" and "TGA".Pathogenesis-related proteins are induced and expressed by the regulation of "WRKY" and "TGA",and SAR is built in plant finally.There are complicated positive regulation(negative regulation) balance relations among SA,ABA and JA,so the success activation of SAR will be interfered by these interactions.
MP10: ANALYTICAL STYLE PREDICTS RELIGIOUS AND TELEOLOGICAL BELIEF

Purpose of Study Shenhav et al. (2011) found that individual analytical style (reflective vs. intuitive) predicts belief in God or a higher power. Although intuitive thinkers are more likely to have strengthened religious beliefs since childhood, there is no correlation between analytical style and familial religiosity during childhood. This study examines the hypothesis that the link between intuitive thinking and religious belief is part of a broader preference for teleological explanations. We also test a possible mechanism responsible for teleological endorsement: intuitive thinkers may endorse teleological explanations because they confuse causal directionality. Methods Used A questionnaire comprised of a randomized series of stimuli was administered via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Stimuli included the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT; Frederick, 2005) to determine analytical style, questions on conditional probability to judge causal reasoning (Kahneman & Tversky, 1977), and a series of true or false questions on various teleological statements (Kelemen et al., 2013). Participants were then asked to rank on a scale from 1–7 the extent to which they believe in the existence of God or a higher power, and the extent to which they believe such a higher power influences events in the world (agency). Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman correlation. Summary of Results As expected, teleological endorsement levels positively predicted belief in agency of a higher power (R=0.28, p Conclusions Our results replicate previous findings that show a relationship between intuitive thinking and religious beliefs and suggest that this may reflect a general preference for teleological explanations. However, the reasons why intuitive thinkers endorse teleological explanations are still unclear.
Molecular Modelling of Micellar Solutions

We review a recently developed molecular-thermodynamic approach which consists of blending a molecular model of micellization with a thermodynamic theory of phase behavior and phase separation of isotropic micellar solutions. The molecular model incorporates the effects of surfactant molecular architecture and solvent properties on the physical factors which control micelle formation and growth. The approach can predict whether the micelles that form are spheroidal, cylindrical, or disc-like in shape. The approach is also capable of predicting micellar solution properties as a function of surfactant concentration and temperature. These properties include (i) critical micellar concentration, (ii) micellar size distribution and its characteristics, (iii) critical surfactant concentration for the onset of phase separation, and (iv) other thermodynamic properties such as the osmotic compressibility. The molecular- thermodynamic approach provides an accurate description of a wide range of experimental findings in aqueous micellar solutions of nonionic surfactants belonging to the polyoxyethylene glycol monoether family.
Safety of Secretin Administration in Children.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic parameters from the anesthesia records of children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]) with and without secretin pancreatic function tests (sPFTs). Methods The hemodynamic parameters were retrieved from an electronic anesthesia database. The secretin group consisted of 186 children, and the age- and sex-matched control group included 136 patients who did not have sPFTs. Results There was no difference in the demographic parameters (age and sex) between the 2 groups. The secretin group had a lower height and body mass index. The sPFT resulted in an average 3-minute extension of the endoscopic procedure. The heart rate increased during the EGD in both groups and was higher (averaged 7 beats per minute) in the secretin group than the EGD-only group. There were mild elevations on the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. None of these changes were clinically significant. There were no complications reported during the anesthesia and procedures in the 2 groups. Conclusions Secretin PFT is a safe procedure. It only slightly prolongs the total procedure and anesthesia time. There were no clinically significant changes in the vital parameters in the secretin group, and there were no adverse effects recorded.
Antiviral Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes and Vaccines

A characteristic of antigen recognition by T lymphocytes is restriction by the gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Benacerraf, 1981; Zinkernagel and Doherty, 1979). Until 1983, class I MHC molecules (H-2K, D, and L in the mouse and HLA-A, B, and C in man) were considered as the sole restriction elements for virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) (Biddison, 1982; McMichael, 1980), but recently class II MHC molecules (Ia in the mouse and HLA-D and DR in man) were shown to restrict the recognition of antigen by some antiviral CTL (Jacobson and Biddison, 1986). The significance of class II MHC restricted CTL, however, remains unknown and, with the exception of measles virus (Jacobson et al. 1984, 1985), the majority of antiviral CTL appears to be restricted by class I MHC gene products. Therefore, our comments in this review will concentrate on class I MHC restricted CTL and, in addition, will emphasize responses against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).
High pressure studies of potassium perchlorate

Abstract Two experiments are reported on KClO4 at extreme conditions. A static high pressure Raman study was first conducted to 18.9 GPa. Evidence for at least two new phases was observed: one between 2.4 and 7.7 GPa (possibly sluggish), and the second near 11.7 GPa. Then, the X-ray induced decomposition rate of potassium perchlorate KClO 4 → h ν KCl + 2 O 2 was studied up to 15.2 GPa. The time-dependent growth of KCl and O2 was monitored. The decomposition rate slowed at higher pressures. We present the first direct evidence for O2 crystallization at higher pressures, demonstrating that O2 molecules aggregate at high pressure.
Endogenous Oncogenic Nras Mutation Initiates T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma In a Dose-Dependent Manner

Abstract Abstract 4183 The oncogenic NRAS mutations are frequently identified in myeloid diseases but rare in lymphoid diseases. They occur in 4% of acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) patients and 22% of human T-ALL cell lines. Its differential roles in myeloid versus lymphoid disease development remain unclear. Here we examine the tumorigenic potential of oncogenic Nras in T-cells using two conditional Nras G12D murine knock-in models that either hypomorphically (NrasG12D Hypo) or normally (NrasG12D Norm) expresses oncogenic Nras G12D from its endogenous locus. Mice expressing monoallelic or biallelic NrasG12D Hypo develop normally and are tumor free. However, NrasG12D Norm leads to acute T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (TAL/L) in a bone marrow transplantation model, with a low incidence (∼8%) when expressing one allele (TAL/L-het) and a complete penetrance when expressing two alleles (TAL/L-homo). TAL/L-het tumors are associated with spontaneous up-regulation of oncogenic Nras in ∼67% of animals, and tumor cells are TdT positive, suggesting that they are transformed at an immature stage. In contrast, TAL/L-homo tumors express comparable levels of Nras to control thymocytes, and tumor cells are TdT negative, suggesting that they are transformed at a more mature stage. Both TAL/L-het and TAL/L-homo tumors are oligoclonal or polyclonal. Above 70% of these tumors contain clonal Notch1 mutations and are sensitive to gamma-secretase inhibitor. These data indicate that Notch1 mutations are acquired at an early stage and play an important role in the development of TAL/L-het and TAL/L-homo tumors. Together, our results show that engdogenous oncogenic Nras mutation leads to TAL/L in a dose-dependent manner, and thus explain the low incidence of oncogenic NRAS mutations in human T-cell diseases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Induction and Quantification of NETosis

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are web-like structures composed of nuclear material and neutrophil granular proteins that are released to the extracellular space after specific microbial or sterile inflammatory stimuli. NETosis is a specific type of cell death that ensues when neutrophils extrude NETs. It is important to develop validated standards to induce and quantify NETs in order to accurately compare results between laboratories and advance the understanding of this biological process and its implications in health and disease. This unit presents methods for isolating human neutrophils from peripheral blood and inducing NETs through various types of stimulation that rely on the production of reactive oxygen species from NADPH oxidase or mitochondria. Alternative methods are also described for low- and high-throughput quantification of NETs. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human Microbiome and Aging

Abstract The past decade has seen an increasing interest in the role of the microbiome on human health. Advances in molecular biology have shed light on trillions of microorganisms living in a stable and mutually beneficial relationship with the human host. In addition, there has been increasing evidence that the gut microbiome has an impact on the host immune system. The structure of the gut microbiome appears to be altered by the aging process with an associated increased inflammatory status known as inflammaging that may be predictive of disease. This article discusses recent evidence related to the microbiome, its role in some common age-related disorders and diseases, along with microbially based strategies for possible treatment and prevention of diseases in the elderly.
Antenna-coupled TES bolometers for CMB polarimetry

We have developed a completely lithographic antenna-coupled bolometer for CMB polarimetry. The necessary components of a millimeter wave radiometer - a beam forming element, a band defining filter, and the TES detectors - are fabricated on a silicon chip with photolithography. The densely populated antennas allow a very efficient use of the focal plane area. We have fabricated and characterized a series of prototype devices. We find that their properties, including the frequency and angular responses, are in good agreement with the theoretical expectations. The devices are undergoing optimization for upcoming CMB experiments.
Evaluation of family history in newly diagnosed children with cancer.

1546 Background: The collection of cancer family history (FH) is a key component for risk assessment in adult cancer patients, but is not routine in pediatric oncology. We collected FH on all newly diagnosed pediatric cancer (PC) patients presenting at Primary Children’s Hospital to determine the feasibility of routine FH collection and risk prevalence for hereditary cancer syndromes. Methods: Parents of newly diagnosed children (age 0 to 20) were approached for enrollment and given a FH questionnaire to complete and return by mail assessing FH in first- and second-degree relatives. A genetic counselor contacted all participants by phone to review the reported history or to obtain a FH from those who did not return the form. Criteria for genetics referral were based on NCCN or peer-reviewed criteria. Results: Of the 91 families that completed a FH, 24 (26%) were considered eligible for further genetic risk evaluation. 16 (17%) warranted referral based on the child’s tumor type or personal/ FH criteria, 8 ...
Dosing immunotherapy combinations: Analysis of 3,526 patients for toxicity and response patterns.

ABSTRACTImmunotherapy combinations are used to improve outcomes in metastatic cancer, but evidence-based knowledge of appropriate starting doses for novel combinations is lacking. Phase I-III adult combination clinical trials (≥ 1 drug was immunotherapy; anti-PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4) were reviewed (PubMed Jan 1, 2010 to Sep 1, 2016; ASCO 2014–2016, ASH/ESMO 2014–2015 abstracts). The safe dose for each drug used in each combination was divided by the single-agent recommended dose to calculate dose percentage. Additive dose percentage was the sum of each dose percentage. Overall, 84 studies (N = 3,526 patients, 59 combinations) were analyzed. In 50% of studies, all drugs could be administered at full dose; 63%, in the presence of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and 36% with anti-CTLA-4. The lowest safe starting dose for a doublet combination including a second immunotherapy was 50% of each drug; 60%, for a targeted agent. Most doublet/triplets combining anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with cytotoxics were tolerable at full doses. Response ...
Chapter 17 – Adoptive T-cell Therapy: Engineering T-cell Receptors

Adoptive cell therapy for cancer using tumor antigen-reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes or with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes has been shown to be a potent therapy for metastatic cancer. The generation of tumor-reactive T cells is not always possible in all of the patients. To overcome this limitation, investigators can now insert highly avid T-cell receptors (TCR) into T cells that can recognize tumor antigens. Genetic engineering of TCR genes into normal T cells is a powerful new strategy to generate large numbers of defined antigen-specific cells for therapeutic application. This approach has evolved beyond experimental stage into a clinical reality. The feasibility of TCR engineered T cells has been shown to be an effective clinical strategy resulting in the regression of established tumors in recent clinical trials. In this chapter, the progress and prospects of TCR engineered T cells as a therapeutic strategy for treating patients with cancer are discussed.
Predictive routing for dynamic UAV networks

The emerging Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs) provide efficient infrastructure solutions for a wide range of military and commercial applications. These networks are typically composed of high-speed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and form dynamic network topologies. As such, conventional routing algorithms do not efficiently accommodate these continued topology changes and exhibit poor delay performances. In this paper, we introduce an optimal routing algorithm for UAV networks with queued communication systems based on Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm as a primary step towards developing a fully predictive communication platform. The core idea is to incorporate the anticipated locations of intermediate nodes during a transmission session into the path selection criterion. We further evaluate the impact of measurement uncertainties on choosing the optimal path and on the resulting end-to-end delay. The simulation results confirm the superior delay performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the conventional routing algorithms. The enhancement is more significant, when the network size is larger, the relative node velocities are higher, and the average waiting times in transmit buffers are longer.
Integrating bioelectrochemical systems for sustainable wastewater treatment

Current wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge process and other aeration technologies are resource-consuming and are unsustainable. Novel and integrated processes are crucial to the development of sustainable wastewater treatment systems. In this context, anaerobic treatment technologies provide numerous opportunities for minimization of energy and resource consumption and maximization of beneficial products. Further, integration of anaerobic digestion augmented by co-digestion, fermentation, dark fermentation or photo-fermentation and other bioelectrochemical systems may result in resource-efficient waste management and environmental protection. This mini-review discusses various possibilities and highlights recent developments of integrated aerobic and anaerobic technologies with bioelectrochemical systems for sustainable wastewater treatment.
Double-Helix Stenting in 1 Superficial Femoral Artery.

A 77-year-old man presented with intermittent severe claudication (Rutherford grade 3) in his left leg for months. The left lower extremity ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured at 0.69. He underwent initial endovascular treatment (EVT) in 2004, with 4 WALLSTENTs placed in retrograde fashion from
Looking Inward: Philosophical and Methodological Perspectives on Phenomenological Self-Reflection:

Engaging in early and ongoing self-reflection during interpretive phenomenological research is critical for ensuring trustworthiness or rigor. However, the lack of guidelines and clarity about the role of self-reflection in this methodology creates both theoretical and procedural confusion. The purpose of this article is to describe key philosophical underpinnings, characteristics, and hallmarks of the process of self-reflection in interpretive phenomenological investigation and to provide a list of guidelines that facilitate this process. Excerpts from an interpretive phenomenological study are used to illustrate characteristics of quality self-reflection. The guidelines are intended to be particularly beneficial for novice researchers who may find self-reflective writing to be daunting and unclear. Facilitating use of self-reflection may strengthen both the interpretive phenomenological body of work as well as that of all qualitative research.
Preparing Antiracist School Leaders in a School Choice Context

Aspiring school leaders must be equipped with skill sets to facilitate the critical examination of district policies that reproduce inequities. Policies such as school choice, which have racial and...
Conclusion: Green Cities of Europe as Compelling Models

There is a reason that Americans covet and anticipate trips to European cities like London, Paris, and Venice. They are beautiful cities that provide unparalleled urban and natural qualities, that permit us to relax, stroll, and eat outside, that allow us to get around easily by bicycle, foot, or train. Because we know and enjoy these places, hold them in high esteem, read books about them, and have such close historical and cultural connections, it is only natural that we would want to learn from and emulate them. At least for American cities, there is no more logical place in the world to look for useful and applicable ideas and innovations for making our own cities greener and more sustainable.
Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Risk Factors for Thrombosis After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease.

Objectives Thrombosis is a cause of morbidity in 4-15% of children who undergo pediatric cardiac surgery. Data on how to prevent this complication are sorely needed. We aimed to identify risk factors for thrombosis following pediatric cardiac surgery and determine if use of low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis is associated with a reduction in thrombosis risk. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary pediatric cardiovascular ICU. Patients Patients who underwent cardiac surgery between June 2014 and December 2015. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Data from patients with venous or arterial thrombosis confirmed by radiologic studies were matched two-to-one to controls based on age, Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery mortality category, and gender. Thrombosis was detected in 33 patients (6.2%): 25 patients (76%) had venous thromboses, five patients (15%) had arterial thromboses, and three patients (9%) had both. Median time to thrombosis detection was 13 days (25-75%; 7-31 d). On multivariate analysis, which included adjustment for postoperative disease severity, fresh frozen plasma exposure was independently associated with thrombosis (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.4-9.4). Twenty-eight patients (85%) had central venous catheter-related thromboses. Low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis use in this subset of patients was not statistically different from controls (50% vs 45%, respectively; p = 0.47). On multivariable analysis, fresh frozen plasma exposure was also independently associated with central venous catheter-related thrombosis (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2-10.6). Conclusions The occurrence of thrombosis after pediatric cardiac surgery at our institution was 6.2%, similar to what has been reported in other studies, despite frequent use of low molecular weight heparin. Further study is needed to determine the role of low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis and the relationship between fresh frozen plasma and thrombosis risk in children who undergo cardiac surgery.
Racial Disparity and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in African-American Women: A Multifaceted Affair between Obesity, Biology, and Socioeconomic Determinants.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease whose incidence is disproportionately higher in African American (AA) women compared to European American (EA) women. Earlier onset, more advanced stage at diagnosis, and aggressive tumor phenotype are some of the characteristic features of TNBC in women with African ethnicity in comparison to EA women, denoting one of the most significant examples of racial disparity in oncology. It is still contentious whether health disparities result in aggressive behavior of TNBC in AA women or it is indeed a molecularly distinct disease. Given the “gaps-in-knowledge” surrounding racial disparity in TNBC, this review discusses various socioeconomic factors and the genetic predispositions contributing to poor prognosis of TNBC in AA women. While socioeconomic factors may contribute to poorer survival, multiple preclinical and clinical studies suggest inherent genetic risk factors and aberrant activation of oncogenic pathways in AA TNBC. Additionally, AA women are more likely to be obese and obesity is known to drive a molecular circuitry resulting in aggressive tumor progression indicating a potential obesity-TNBC axis at work in AA women. Given the multifactorial nature of AA TNBC, a transdisciplinary approach may help bridge the disparity that exists between AA and EA TNBC.
Low-Dose Aspirin May Prevent Trophoblast Dysfunction in Women With Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection

Objective: Previously, we demonstrated that live Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) impaired extravillous trophoblast (EVT) viability and invasion and that Cp DNA was detected in placentas from cases with preeclampsia. We sought to elucidate whether (1) inactive forms of Cp also affect EVT function; (2) potential therapeutic interventions protect against the effects of Cp; and (3) anti-Cp antibodies are associated with preeclampsia. Methods: Human first-trimester EVTs were infected with ultraviolet light-inactivated Cp. Subgroups of EVTs were pretreated with low-dose acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA), dexamethasone, heparin, and indomethacin. We conducted functional assays after infection with inactivated Cp and measured interleukin 8 (IL8), C-reactive protein (CRP), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in culture media. We measured anti-Cp IgG serum levels from women who developed preeclampsia (N = 105) and controls (N = 121). Results: Inactivated Cp reduced EVT invasion when compared to noninfected cells (P <.00001) without adversely affecting cell viability. Increased levels of IL8, CRP, HSP60, and TNFα were detected in EVTs infected with inactivated Cp compared to noninfected cells (P <.0001). Only pre-treatment with low-dose ASA prevented reduced EVT invasion and decreased release of inflammatory mediators (P <.01). Elevated anti-Cp IgG antibodies were more prevalent in serum from cases with preeclampsia compared to controls (67/105 vs 53/121; adjusted P =.013); elevated IgG correlated significantly with elevated serum CRP and elevated soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1–placental growth factor ratio. Conclusion: Inactivated Cp induces decreased EVT invasion and a proinflammatory response; these effects were abrogated by pretreatment with low-dose ASA. Our results suggest an association between Cp infection, trophoblast dysfunction, and preeclampsia.
A Novel Unsupervised Approach for Precise Temporal Slot Filling from Incomplete and Noisy Temporal Contexts

The task of temporal slot filling (TSF) is to extract the values (or called facts) of specific attributes for a given entity from text data and find the time points when the values were valid. It is challenging to find precise time points with incomplete and noisy temporal contexts in the text. In this work, we propose an unsupervised approach of two modules that mutually enhance each other: one is a reliability estimator on fact extractors conditionally to the temporal contexts; the other is a fact trustworthiness estimator based on the extractor's reliability. The iterative learning process reduces the noise of the extractions. Experiments demonstrate that our approach, with the novel design, can accurately and efficiently extract precise temporal facts from newspaper corpora.
Abstract WMP99: In-Hospital Delirium and Long-Term Cognitive Outcomes Among Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Population-Based Cohort Analysis

Introduction: Little is known regarding the association between acute in-hospital exposures such as delirium and long-term cognitive outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. We sought t...
Extreme heat events and the vulnerability of endemic montane fishes to climate change

Identifying how close species live to their physiological thermal maxima is essential to understand historical warm‐edge elevational limits of montane faunas and forecast upslope shifts caused by future climate change. We used laboratory experiments to quantify the thermal tolerance and acclimation potential of four fishes (Notropis leuciodus, N. rubricroceus, Etheostoma rufilineatum, E. chlorobranchium) that are endemic to the southern Appalachian Mountains (USA), exhibit different historical elevational limits, and represent the two most species‐rich families in the region. All‐subsets selection of linear regression models using AICc indicated that species, acclimation temperature, collection location and month, and the interaction between species and acclimation temperature were important predictors of thermal maxima (Tₘₐₓ), which ranged from 28.5 to 37.2°C. Next, we implemented water temperature models and stochastic weather generation to characterize the magnitude and frequency of extreme heat events (Tₑₓₜᵣₑₘₑ) under historical and future climate scenarios across 25 379 stream reaches in the upper Tennessee River system. Lastly, we used environmental niche models to compare warming tolerances (acclimation‐corrected Tₘₐₓ minus Tₑₓₜᵣₑₘₑ) between historically occupied versus unoccupied reaches. Historical warming tolerances, ranging from +2.2 to +10.9°C, increased from low to high elevation and were positive for all species, suggesting that Tₘₐₓ does not drive warm‐edge (low elevation) range limits. Future warming tolerances were lower (−1.2 to +9.3°C) but remained positive for all species under the direst warming scenario except for a small proportion of reaches historically occupied by E. rufilineatum, indicating that Tₘₐₓ and acclimation potentials of southern Appalachian minnows and darters are adequate to survive future heat waves. We caution concluding that these species are invulnerable to 21st century warming because sublethal thermal physiology remains poorly understood. Integrating physiological sensitivity and warming exposure demonstrates a general and fine‐grained approach to assess climate change vulnerability for freshwater organisms across physiographically diverse riverscapes.
What’s the Future? Managing Organizations as Crowds Enabled by Super-Connectivity and Big Data

The ability for anyone anywhere to connect, and the access to data that this provides gives people the power of knowledge: to offer what they know about any wicked problem they are interested in, and join whichever flash crowd that suits their fancy. This has huge implications for research and management practice about organizations of the future. Managers will increasingly be expected to have a new skill: solving problems not with teams, but with crowds of anonymous, unrelated actors contributing only two posts. Researchers will need to reconsider the role of social interaction in how organizations function since social interaction is no longer as essential as it has been in the past. Strategists will need to think through which questions are best solved by different types of crowds (e.g., internal-only, external-only, hybrids, etc.) based not only on intellectual property issues, but on the ability of the organization to support the crowd’s capacity to innovate. Those organizations better able to build such a capacity in flash crowds will be more agile and effective in solving the wicked problems we face today and into the future.
Impact of an automated hand hygiene monitoring system combined with a performance improvement intervention on hospital-acquired infections.

Objective:Hand hygiene adherence has been associated with reductions in nosocomial infection. We assessed the effect of improvements in electronically measured hand hygiene adherence on the incidence of hospital-acquired infections.Methods:This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a 555-bed urban safety-net level I trauma center. The preintervention period was January 2015 through June 2016. Baseline electronic hand hygiene data collection took place from April through June 2016. The intervention period was July 2016 through December 2017. An electronic hand hygiene system was installed in 4 locations in our hospital. Performance improvement strategies were implemented that included education, troubleshooting, data dissemination, and feedback. Adherence rates were tracked over time. Rates of hospital-acquired infections were evaluated in the intervention units and in control units selected for comparison. The intervention period was subdivided into the initial and subsequent 9-month periods and were compared to the baseline period.Results:Electronically measured hand hygiene rates improved significantly from baseline to intervention, from 47% 77% adherence. Rates >70% continued to be measured 18 months after the intervention. Interrupted time series analysis indicated a significant effect of hand hygiene on healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection rates during the first 9 months of the intervention. This trend continued during the final 9 months of the intervention but was nonsignificant. No effects were observed for other hospital-acquired infection rates.Conclusions:Implementation of electronic hand hygiene monitoring and performance improvement interventions resulted in reductions in hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection rates.
‘Most Potent and Irresistible Moral Influence’: Public Opinion, Rhetorical Coercion, and the Hague Conferences

International relations scholars debate whether the current liberal order can adapt to power shifts among the great powers. Yet historically, contestation among the great powers has often revolved around the question of whether the international system should be organized along liberal and institutional lines in the first place. In this paper, I examine great power negotiation strategies at the 1899 and 1907 Hague conferences, an often overlooked yet critical episode of liberal order‐building. As rising powers shuffled the great power ranks, many hoped that the Hague conferences would prevent arms racing, reduce the barbarity of war, and promote peaceful solutions to international crises. Champions of liberal rules and institutions used principled persuasion, appealing to shared norms and collective identities. They also engaged in rhetorical coercion, seeking at times to shame potential obstructionists. Yet the conferences revealed the profound limitations of these soft‐power based negotiation strategies. For a brief moment in 1899, circumstances allowed champions of the Hague system to persuade states to sign on to the laws of war and to embarrass states into accepting arbitration. Yet by 1907, conditions had changed and obstructionists were able to mobilize broad coalitions to block significant change. The Hague conferences highlight the importance of interstate coalitional networks in institutional adaptation.