cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of alcohol-related problems among depressed and non-depressed women.

Abstract Background Depression and alcohol-related problems are often comorbid in women, but not all depressed women have comorbid alcohol-related problems. The current study investigated intrapersonal (drinking expectancies), interpersonal (interpersonal pressure to drink), and familial (mother's and father's drinking history) predictors of alcohol-related problems among women with and without a major depressive episode in the past year. Method Participants were 853 women ages 21–90 from a U.S. national probability sample. Depression diagnosis was determined via interviewer administration of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) depression module. Participants completed self-report measures of alcohol-related problems and intrapersonal, interpersonal, and familial predictors of drinking. Results Regression analyses indicated that an episode of depression in the past year, more positive drinking expectancies, greater interpersonal pressure to drink, and higher levels of maternal (but not paternal) drinking predicted alcohol-related problems; moreover, the relationships between alcohol-related problems and maternal drinking, paternal drinking, and interpersonal pressure to drink were significantly stronger among women with an episode of major depression in the past year than among women without an episode. Limitations Study data was cross-sectional and obtained through self-report, thus limiting causal explanations of results. Conclusions Findings suggest that depression may enhance the impact of interpersonal and familial risk factors on women's alcohol misuse. Implications of findings for transdiagnostic models of psychopathology and for prevention and treatment of alcohol-related problems in women presenting with depressive symptoms are discussed.
Determination of the constitutive coefficients for a mixture of two solids

Abstract Using a theory of mixtures allowing different temperatures for each constituent, we first discuss nonlinear constitutive equations for a mixture of two elastic solids. Then, upon specialization, we determine relations between certain of the material constants related to each constituent and the corresponding constants related to the mixture. We linearize the constitutive equations by assuming that all displacements from the undeformed state, and all subsequent temperature changes, are small and we further show how to evaluate the constants appearing in the linearized constitutive equations, under certain assumptions which are shown to be thermodynamically consistent.
Conventionalization, civic engagement, and the sustainability of organic agriculture

Abstract It is often assumed that organic farming is synonymous with sustainable agriculture. The broad goals of sustainable agriculture include economic profitability, environmental stewardship, and community vitality. However, the “question of sustainability” ( Ikerd, 2008 ) can be asked of any type of farming, including organic production. One way to assess sustainability is to consider farmers’ perceptions of the sustainability of their operations. I draw on data from a survey of certified organic producers in Washington State to broaden our understanding of the sustainability of organic agriculture. Specifically, I consider certified organic producers’ perceptions of the degree to which their operations contribute to broad sustainable agriculture goals. Moreover, I use multiple regression to investigate how these perceived contributions are influenced by farm conventionalization variables (e.g., organic acreage, non-organic sales, and specialization) and civic engagement variables (e.g., direct marketing, community group membership, and participation in sustainable/organic agriculture organizations) while controlling for farmer demographics and farm location. Farm conventionalization appears to have a significant negative effect on perceived contributions to environmental and social sustainability, but a significant positive effect on perceived contribution to economic sustainability. Civic engagement appears to have a significant positive effect on perceived contributions to environmental and social sustainability, but no effect on perceived contribution to economic sustainability.
What is slow axonal transport

While the phenomenon of slow axonal transport is widely agreed upon, its underlying mechanism has been controversial for decades. There is now persuasive evidence that several different mechanisms could contribute to slow axonal transport. Yet proponents of different theories have been hesitant to explicitly integrate what were, at least initially, opposing models. We suggest that slow transport is a multivariate phenomenon that arises through mechanisms that minimally include: molecular motor-based transport of polymers and soluble proteins as multi-protein complexes; diffusion; and en bloc transport of the axonal framework by low velocity transport and towed growth (due to increases in body size). In addition to integrating previously described mechanisms of transport, we further suggest that only a subset of transport modes operate in a given neuron depending on the region, length, species, cell type, and developmental stage. We believe that this multivariate approach to slow axonal transport better explains its complex phenomenology: including its bi-directionality; the differing velocities of transport depending on cargo, as well differing velocities due to anatomy, cell type and developmental stage.
Using Computational Patients to Evaluate Illness Mechanisms in Schizophrenia

Background Various malfunctions involving working memory, semantics, prediction error, and dopamine neuromodulation have been hypothesized to cause disorganized speech and delusions in schizophrenia. Computational models may provide insights into why some mechanisms are unlikely, suggest alternative mechanisms, and tie together explanations of seemingly disparate symptoms and experimental findings. Methods Eight corresponding illness mechanisms were simulated in DISCERN, an artificial neural network model of narrative understanding and recall. For this study, DISCERN learned sets of autobiographical and impersonal crime stories with associated emotion coding. In addition, 20 healthy control subjects and 37 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder matched for age, gender, and parental education were studied using a delayed story recall task. A goodness-of-fit analysis was performed to determine the mechanism best reproducing narrative breakdown profiles generated by healthy control subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Evidence of delusion-like narratives was sought in simulations best matching the narrative breakdown profile of patients. Results All mechanisms were equivalent in matching the narrative breakdown profile of healthy control subjects. However, exaggerated prediction-error signaling during consolidation of episodic memories, termed hyperlearning, was statistically superior to other mechanisms in matching the narrative breakdown profile of patients. These simulations also systematically confused autobiographical agents with impersonal crime story agents to model fixed, self-referential delusions. Conclusions Findings suggest that exaggerated prediction-error signaling in schizophrenia intermingles and corrupts narrative memories when incorporated into long-term storage, thereby disrupting narrative language and producing fixed delusional narratives. If further validated by clinical studies, these computational patients could provide a platform for developing and testing novel treatments.
What Are Elements and Compounds

The definitions of elements and compounds have changed very little in the past 200 years, but chemistry itself has changed a great deal over time. Any form of an element has been considered as the element itself and a compound had to have an exact atomic composition that included two or more different elements. This commentary suggests that only the atomic form of each element should be considered as the element and most other forms should be called elementary substances. A publication of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has stated that compounds can be formed by a single element. The author agrees that in terms of modern chemical bonding both heteronuclear and homonuclear molecules can be considered as compounds.
Investigation of Microporous Coatings and Mesoscale Evaporator Enhancements for Two-Phase Cooling of Electronic Components

An empirical study of pool nucleate boiling enhanced with a microporous coating was conducted within the context of microprocessor cooling. A thermal test vehicle (TTV) emulated the heat load from a general purpose microprocessor and delivered a moderately nonuniform heat flux density distribution at the boiling surface that would be typical of mainstream microprocessors. The TTV was affixed to a copper test coupon that formed the bottom surface of a sealed boiling chamber containing FC-72 at atmospheric pressure. A design of experiments was conducted on multiple test coupons to identify how the microporous coating, the base thickness of the coupon, and the height of small pin fins affect the combined conduction and boiling heat transfer from the test coupon. The data revealed that the presence of the microporous coating was the most significant factor of the three tested and indicates that the presence of fins as short as 0.5 mm may play a role in reducing hysteresis in the boiling curve.
Backcalculated and Laboratory-Measured Resilient Modulus Values

The resilient modulus (MR) of roadbed soils is a necessary parameter in pavement design. The MR of roadbed soils is dependent on the soil type, water content, dry density, particle gradation, Atterberg limits, and stress states. Several procedures can be used for the determination of the MR: laboratory testing, backcalculation with nondestructive deflection testing (NDT) data, and correlations to other soil parameters such as the California bearing ratio, density, and water content. The first procedure is time-consuming and expensive and requires substantial resources to cover the various roadbed soils under the road network. The second is relatively inexpensive and fast and can be designed to cover representative soils under the pavement network. The third procedure is approximate and may be used for the Level 2 design of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) sponsored a research project for the development of a systematic procedure to determine...
Some Perceptions on the Writing of African History, 1948-1992

African history was really born on a specific date and its parent was Prof. Phillips, then heading the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), in London. It began when the learned Collins and Asquith commissions advocated the upgrading of schools in four different parts of the continent (Nigeria, Ghana, Sudan and Uganda) to University College status whereupon the Colonial Office looked for a university in Great Britain to guarantee programming and quality and passed that job unto the University of London which in turn promptly passed much of the burden unto SOAS. Although no funds were attached to this Phillips accepted and eventually did get funding from the Rockefeller Foundation, to the greater glory of SOAS. Meanwhile however he had visited East Africa and he had been struck there in 1947 by the absence of ‘native histories’ such as one finds so thickly on the ground in his usual playing ground India. He decided to hire an historian of Africa who would both supervise the development of history departments in the new colleges and work to remedy this lack of local history.
Changing Masks: Identity Maintenance and the Role of Marijuana among a Small Circle of Marijuana Growers

Utilizing ethnographic field observations as well as face-to-face interviews, this article explores nuances of identity management among a small, intimate group of indoor marijuana growers. Findings suggest that some who are involved in marijuana cultivation may have multiple, distinct deviant identities or “masks.” These “masks” are called on depending on the audience and situation that each participant is presented with. Further, we show that these growers have three deviant identities that must constantly be managed including, (a) marijuana user, (b) marijuana seller, and (c) marijuana grower. Finally, we present data demonstrating the importance of marijuana in the everyday lives of the participants.
Velocity fluctuation intensities in a hypersonic turbulent boundary layer.

Density and velocity fluctuations in hypersonic turbulent boundary layer based on Wallace data
Fundamental Optical Absorption, Electrical Conductivity, and Thermoelectric Power of Calcium Oxide

The opacities of thin backed films of CaO were measured at room temperature over the energy range 5.5 to 11.3 eV. At energies below 6 eV the opacity was low. A sharp peak, attributed to the formation of excitons, was observed at about 7.0 eV. A second strong peak was observed at 8.3 eV. This peak appears to have a doublet splitting of about 0.2 eV and probably should also be ascribed to excitons. Other peaks were observed at higher energies but were less reproducible. The width of the forbidden band was estimated to be near 7.7 eV. The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of sprayed aggregates of CaO were measured, as a function of temperature, for several states of activation and were found to exhibit the characteristics of a pore conductor. Using these data and the theory for pore conduction, the electron affinity for CaO was estimated to be 0.7 eV.
The two faces of Bacillus thuringiensis: insecticidal proteins and post-exponential survival.

Summary Post-exponential Bacillus thuringiensis cells produce both an endospore and a variety of intracellular inclusions. The latter are comprised of protoxins, each being specific for the larvae of certain species from at least three orders of insects. Following ingestion of spores and inclusions, toxicity results in the spores gaining access to haemolymph, a source of nutrients suitable for germination and growth. Most B. thuringiensis subspecies contain multiple, plasmid-encoded protoxin genes, often with several on the same plasmid. These genes have been manipulated in order to understand the basis of toxicity and specificity, information which is important to the use of these toxins as biological control agents. Some protoxin genes are in operons, and others are in close proximity, perhaps to enhance the chances of recombination, and some are on unstable plasmids. The arrangement of these genes is probably important for flexibility in the variety of protoxins packaged into inclusions by a particular subspecies and thus the capacity to adapt to changing populations of insects. Protoxins accumulate over a prolonged period during sporulation because of the sequential transcription from two promoters, each being dependent upon a specific sporulation sigma factor, the relative stability of the messenger RNA, and the synthesis of proteins which stabilize protoxins and perhaps facilitate inclusion assembly. During the post-exponential phase, spore and inclusion formation must be balanced so as to ensure that both are available to contribute to the survival of these bacilli.
Aqueous Chemical Route to Ferromagnetic 3-D Arrays of Iron Nanorods

The fabrication of very large arrays of oriented ferromagnetic iron nanorods by aqueous chemical growth without template, surfactant, or applied electric or magnetic field is reported. The method involves the direct growth of β iron oxyhydroxide nanorods from an aqueous ferric chloride solution onto single or polycrystalline substrates, followed by reduction in hydrogen atmosphere at mild temperatures.
Possible models for some transient X-ray sources

A TRANSIENT X-ray source flared up in Centaurus during December 1974 and was observed by the satellite Ariel V in the energy interval 3–30 keV (refs 1 and 2) Within a few days the source increased in intensity to a peak of 0.02 photons cm−2 s−1 keV−1. After reaching a maximum, the intensity decayed with an e-folding time of about 7 d. About one month after the first detection the intensity had fallen by a factor ≳5. No further observations have yet been reported.
Eligibility and classification decisions in educational settings: Issuing “Passports” in a state of confusion

Abstract Eligibility and classification decisions have become an integral part of the American educational system, but the process of making these decisions remains poorly understood. Subjects for this investigation of this decision-making process were 223 educational professionals. Each was given referral and assessment information reflecting average performance for a hypothetical student and asked to make decisions about that student. In their decisions, 51% declared the student eligible for special services; 61% indicated the presence of mental retardation, learning disabilities, and/or emotional disturbance. Several subjects indicated eligibility for services, but did not classify, or indicated ineligibility for services, but classified the student. Learning disabilities was the most popular classification. Student characteristics and the subjects' professional roles and knowledge of assessment/ measurement principles affected decisions made; however, greater training and knowledge did not lead to significantly better decisions. It is apparent that more care must be taken by decision makers in the use and interpretation of assessment information.
Three-Dimensional Hard Dumbbell Solid Free Energy Calculation Via the Fluctuating Cell Model

Determination of the solid–liquid phase transition point of a molecular substance requires calculation of the free energy in both phases. Progress has been made on this problem by modeling molecules as fused hard spheres and adding attraction and electric multipole moments perturbatively. The solid free energy of hard heteronuclear dumbbells of bond length L*, used to model diatomic molecules, can in principle be calculated exactly via the Frenkel–Ladd method, but this is computationally intensive. Use of Lennard Jones–Devonshire fixed cells to calculate free energy is much simpler computationally but is an approximation. The fluctuating cell model is investigated as an alternative intermediate method which is still computationally simpler than the Frenkel–Ladd method. As was found earlier in two dimensions, for small L* the simple cell model is in better agreement with Frenkel–Ladd than the fluctuating cell model, but for larger L* the fluctuating cell model is in better agreement. The probability distributions of free volumes are also analyzed and show different functional behavior for near-zero bond length and appreciable bond length.
Effects of Temperature on Feeding Activity of the White River Crayfish Procambarus acutus acutus

Abstract Feed consumption by white river crayfish Procambarus acutus in a 56-d laboratory study increased at a linear rate with water temperature over a range of 5 to 25 C. Feed consumption changed as water temperatures were cycled from 20-8-20 C (0.5 C/d) over a 68-d period and was the highest at the initial 20 C level and the lowest at 8 C. As water temperature increased, feed consumption rate increased; however, consumption never reached the initial rate at 20 C. Crayfish fed 3% and 6% of body weight were significantly larger than animals fed at 1% of body weight after 8 wk. Feed conversion ratios increased significantly with feeding rate. Based on this laboratory study, white river crayfish feed most effectively when water temperature is 2 15 C and the feeding rate is 3% of body weight/d. Aquaculture research with crayfish in the United States has focused on the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii because of its successful culture in Louisiana and other areas of the southeastern USA (Huner 1994). As crayfish aquaculture has expand- ed to the temperate regions of the United States, interest in the culture of other spe- cies, better suited to lower temperatures, has increased. The white river crayfish P.
Research Progress of Detection Method of Sulfur in Iron-Base Alloys

The paper summarizes the research progress of analytical method of sulfur element in iron-base alloys as of 2012. Major analytical methods for sulfur element in iron-base alloys include infrared absorption, photoelectric direct reading spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ion chromatography method, mass-spectrography, and electrochemical method. The paper also predicts the future trend of the analytical methods for sulfur element in iron-base alloys.
Effect of host sex and sex hormones on muscle-derived stem cell-mediated bone formation and defect healing

Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism, by donor sex, of osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic differentiation potential in vitro. Moreover, host sex differences in the myogenic capacity of MDSCs in vivo are also observed. This study investigated the role of host sex and host sex hormones in MDSC-mediated bone formation and healing. Using unaltered male, castrated male, unaltered female, and ovariectomized female mice, both MDSC-mediated ectopic bone formation and cranial defect healing were examined. Male hosts, whether unaltered or castrated, form significantly larger volumes of MDSC-mediated ectopic bone than female hosts (either unaltered or ovariectomized), and no differences in ectopic bone volume were found between hosts of the same sex. In a cranial defect healing model, similar results were found-unaltered and castrated male hosts display larger volumes of bone formed when compared with unaltered and ovariectomized female hosts. However, in this healing model, some volume differences were found between hosts of the same sex. In both models, these differences were attributed to varying rates of endochondral bone formation in male and female hosts.
Integrative retail logistics: An exploratory study

Grocery retail companies have gone through a transformational change in the past by heavily investing in distribution centers of their own and by expanding their logistics activities. As a result, many retailers are now in the process of better adjusting their logistics operations to their specific requirements against the backdrop of raising pressure in a highly competitive environment. In this light, we provide an exploratory study based on semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 28 leading European grocery retailers. First we examine the current strategic designs of grocery retailers’ internal logistics networks. Next, we shift our focus to the resulting interdependencies in tactical supply chain planning between instore operations and upstream logistics processes. We have identified five interdependent planning issues: order packaging unit, store delivery pattern, store replenishment lead time, store delivery arrival times and arrival time windows, as well as roll-cage sequencing and loading carriers. Each of these mid-term planning interdependencies is evaluated with regard to implications in the stores, in transportation and in the distribution centers. The mid-term operations planning issues in the grocery retail industry considered in this paper have remained practically unexplored up to now. The outcome of this empirical research study therefore has substantial relevance for future retail research and practice.
1,13 and 1,14 asymmetric induction: Remote control

Abstract Treatment of the acyclic sulfones 6 (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4) with n -BuLI/THF/−100°C followed by PhCHO gave only two diastereomeric β-hydroxysulfones 7 . The selection of two out of a possible four diastereomers is observed even though the chiral inducing entity is 10, 11, 12 and 13 atoms from the reaction locus. These results represent the illustration of long range asymmetric induction (LAI) controlled by supramolecular interactions.
A model for glucose metabolism in energy-sufficient bacterial cultures

A model for uncoupled glucose uptake under energy-sufficient conditions is presented. The model is derived from glucose catabolic pathways. The resulting model predicts specific glucose uptake rate as a function of both growth rate and extracellular glucose concentration. This prediction is consistent with reported literature data.
Increased Inter Dimeric Interaction of Oxy Hemoglobin is Necessary for Attenuation of Redutive Pegylation Promoted Dissociation of Tetramer

The propensity of site-specific carboxymethylation and propylation of Val-1(α) of Hb to attenuate the reductive hexaPEGylation-induced dissociation of tetramers has been investigated. Only reductive propylation of Val-1(α), which increases the stability of oxy Hb, attenuates the reductive hexaPEGylation-induced dissociation. Increasing the stability of the oxy conformation of Hb by chemical or genetic approaches is a strategy to generate PEGylated Hbs with native-like tetramer stability using direct PEGylation platforms. This new approach and EAF-PEGylation are the only two alternate PEGylation strategies available to design stable second-generation vasoinactive uncrosslinked PEGylated Hbs with native-like tetramer stability.
Chronic ethanol exposure in rats affects rabs-dependent hepatic trafficking of apolipoprotein E and transferrin.

Abstract Because of the important roles of rabs in protein trafficking, we tested whether chronic ethanol exposure affected the trafficking of newly synthesized apolipoprotein E (apoE) or transferrin ( O -glycosylated and N -glycosylated proteins, respectively) attached to acylated or prenylated rabs. The in vivo 30-min incorporation ratios of [ 3 H]palmitate:[ 35 S]methionine or [ 3 H]mevalonate:[ 35 S]methionine (relative ratios of rabs acylation or prenylation to total protein or to immunoisolated apoE or transferrin) were measured in various hepatic subcellular organelles of 8 week-ethanol-fed (E) and pair-fed control (C) Wistar–Furth rats. With respect to total protein trafficking, ethanol increased rabs acylation ratio by 136% ( P . 01), 69% ( P P P P P O - and N -glycosylated proteins occurs primarily in ER and Golgi and is due to altered lipidation of rabs, possibly rabs 1, 2, or 6 or combinations of these three rabs.
Distributed Power System State Estimation Using Factor Graphs

We propose a distributed and a dynamic algorithm for a power system state estimation. We model the dependencies among the state vectors of neighboring areas and among the state vectors at different times using a factor graph. We then derive message update rules and use these rules to implement a sum-product message passing algorithm on the graph. In message passing, neighboring areas exchange messages which represent their beliefs about the unknown state vectors based on all the related measurements. These beliefs are then used to compute the posterior distribution of the power system state. In our paper, we represent the messages using a particle based approximation. Such a particle-based representation provides a simple and a computationally feasible method to update the messages in each iteration. Further, it allows us to model the nonlinearities present in the power system, and hence leads to a better performance accuracy compared with the traditional methods that use linear models. We show the accuracy of the proposed method via numerical simulations using the IEEE 14 and 118 bus systems as examples.
Constrained accelerated-feedback control for robot motion

Sensing, modeling, control and manufacturing uncertainties make it generally impossible to guarantee the success of high-precision robot tasks. The paper analyzes the relationships among these uncertainty parameters and derives constraints which govern the success of a new form of control strategy: the constrained accelerated-feedback (CAF) control strategy. The CAF control strategy is suitable for high-level control accommodating the use of multiple sensing modalities, and aims at guaranteeing the success of robot motion in spite of uncertainties.
Sensitive wave-mixing detectors for capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography

A sensitive absorbance measurement method based on multi- wave mixing optical method is demonstrated as an effective detector for capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography. The use of a single focusing lens to focus and mix the two input beams both simplifies the optical setup and utilizes the laser power very efficiently inside a small probe volume. Hence, inexpensive low-power (mW level) lasers can be used in this nonlinear multi-photon detection method, including low-power argon ion lasers, He-Ne lasers and laser diodes. The resulting small (pL range) probe volume (laser beam overlap zone) allows convenient interfacing of this detector to capillary-based electrophoresis or chromatography separation systems. Excellent signal collection efficiency (virtually 100%) for the collimated coherent signal beam, allows detection sensitivity levels similar to those of fluorescence-based methods, and yet wave-mixing detectors are applicable for both fluorescing and non-fluorescing flowing analytes. The coherent signal beam is generated by thermally-induced refractive-index spatial gratings formed by the two input beams, and hence, the signal strength also depends on some solvent properties. The wave-mixing detector is demonstrated to be effective for trace analysis, offering advantages such as detection in very small sample volumes, remote and in situ analysis, and convenient as well as efficient alignment enhancements obtained by the introduction of optical fibers into the detector optical setup.
“Non-Josephson” radiation from Josephson tunnel junctions

Abstract Josephson tunnel junctions are observed to emit microwave radiation which does not obey the generalized Josephson frequency-voltage relation v = 2 eV/nh.
Isolation of microsatellite loci from Rhamnuspirifolia

Rhamnus pirifolia Greene (Rhamnaceae), the island redberry, is a small evergreen tree endemic to the California Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the taxon and were screened for variability in populations from three California Channel Islands. Moderate levels of variability were observed, with mean numbers of alleles per locus ranging from 1.3 to 4.7. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.01 to 0.53 and 0.01 to 0.56, respectively. These new loci will be useful in conservation genetic and evolutionary studies within Rhamnus.
An Evaluation of Alternative Theories of Matrilocal Versus Patrilocal Residence

This paper evaluates two alteniative theories of the conditions favoring matrilocality-one proposed by M. Ember and C. R. Ember and the other by Dicale. New cross-cultural evidence relating type of warfare to societal size suggests that warfare is more likely to play a role in determining residence than vice versa, contrary to Dicale's theory. A new model, taking Divale's findings into account, is presented.
Video podcasting is not as hard or as expensive as you think

A quick surf around the Internet reveals much in the way of video podcasts these days. The iTunes Store alone lists nearly 150 of these visual snippets with subjects that run the gamut from comedy to marketing, politics to the arts. But video podcasting in academia can seem like a leap of faith or at least suspension of better judgment. Most of us haven't aspired to be actors or movie directors, lighting technicians or audio engineers. Making an instructional or informational video is something the A/V folks do in their mega-dollar studios, is it not? Our premise is that creating a video podcast to augment or enhance curriculum or IT support efforts can be as useful and usual as authoring a web page or creating a PowerPoint presentation. As a matter of fact, video podcasting is an evolutionary progression from those two tasks specifically, presenting your material in ways that prior methods cannot accomplish as directly or succinctly.
A 14-Electron Ruthenium(II) Hydride, [RuH(CO)(PtBu2Me)2]BAr‘4 (Ar‘ = 3,5-(C6H3)(CF3)2): Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity toward Alkenes and Oxygen Ligands

Triflate in RuH(OTf)(CO)L2 (L = PtBu2Me) can be abstracted by NaBAr‘4 (Ar‘ = C6H3(CF3)2) in C6H5F to give 14-electron RuH(CO)L2+, which has agostic donation by one tBu methyl group from each phosphine. This cation binds CH2Cl2 in an η2 fashion, and it binds OEt2 and H2O in the site trans to CO. It binds ethylene trans to hydride, and additional ethylene is catalytically dimerized to cis- and trans-but-2-ene at −30 °C in C6H5F/toluene; this dimerization is slower in CH2Cl2 solvent. Propylene and H2CCHF also bind to RuH(CO)L2+ trans to hydride, and the latter is converted to ethylene and Ru/F products. Vinyl ethers seem to bind η1 via ether oxygen more than η2 via the CC bond, and trans to CO, and this species then isomerizes to the RuL2(CO)(η2-CH2CH2OR) insertion product at −60 °C. In contrast, 2,3-dihydrofuran gives a cyclic oxygen-stabilized carbene complex. A discussion of the results based on DFT (B3PW91) calculations is presented in the following paper.
Vertebral sarcoidosis with paravertebral ossification

A young black male with sarcoidosis developed quadriplegia after a fall. Roentgenograms of the spine revealed extensive lytic and scierotic changes with paravertebral bony bridges simulating ankylosing spondylitis. He recovered on corticosteroid therapy after laminectomy and cervical fusion. Review of the literature suggests that this case of vertebral sarcoidosis is the most severe yet reported and the first with paravertebral ossification.
Mortality transition among the Wends of Serbin, Texas, 1854-1884: changes in pattern of death from parochial records.

This article investigates causes of death between 1854 and 1884 among the Wends of Serbin Texas a nineteenth-century European immigrant community. The goal is: (1) to show that data pertaining to individual cause of death extracted from parochial records can contribute to knowledge about historical mortality patterns at the community level (2) to determine if an epidemiological transition occurred in this population and (3) to identify changes in disease patterns over time. Changes in the pattern of disease for the entire population as well as for the subpopulation under one year of age are analyzed. (EXCERPT)
Clofarabine Acts as Radiosensitizer In Vitro and In Vivo by Interfering With DNA Damage Response

Purpose Combination treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy has emerged as the dominant form of cancer adjuvant regimens in recent years. Clofarabine, a newly approved drug for pediatric leukemia, is a second-generation purine nucleoside analogue that can block DNA synthesis and inhibit DNA repair. Therefore, we hypothesized that clofarabine could work synergistically with radiotherapy to increase the tumor cell response. Methods and Materials The effects of clofarabine on radiosensitivity have been established in several tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo using colony-forming assays and tumor xenografts. The effect of clofarabine on the DNA damage response was also studied in vitro by measuring γ-H2AX focus formation. Results Clonogenic survival was significantly reduced in irradiated cells treated with clofarabine, demonstrating the strong radiosensitizing effect of clofarabine. Furthermore, clofarabine displayed a radiosensitizing effect that was greater than gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil. We also found that low doses of clofarabine can prolong the presence of radiation-induced γ-H2AX nuclear focus formation, and high doses of clofarabine can induce DNA double-strand breaks, suggesting that clofarabine can interfere with DNA damage response pathways. In addition, clofarabine-induced radiosensitization was also established in vivo using a colorectal cancer model, DLD-1, in athymic nude mice. When combined with fractionated radiotherapy, a moderate dose of clofarabine led to a significant increase in tumor growth inhibition. Conclusion Clofarabine acts as a powerful radiosensitizer both in vitro and in vivo by interfering with the DNA damage response.
Optimal demand response based on utility maximization in power networks

Demand side management will be a key component of future smart grid that can help reduce peak load and adapt elastic demand to fluctuating generations. In this paper, we consider households that operate different appliances including PHEVs and batteries and propose a demand response approach based on utility maximization. Each appliance provides a certain benefit depending on the pattern or volume of power it consumes. Each household wishes to optimally schedule its power consumption so as to maximize its individual net benefit subject to various consumption and power flow constraints. We show that there exist time-varying prices that can align individual optimality with social optimality, i.e., under such prices, when the households selfishly optimize their own benefits, they automatically also maximize the social welfare. The utility company can thus use dynamic pricing to coordinate demand responses to the benefit of the overall system. We propose a distributed algorithm for the utility company and the customers to jointly compute this optimal prices and demand schedules. Finally, we present simulation results that illustrate several interesting properties of the proposed scheme.
Rationality of the generalized binomial coefficients for a multiplicity free action

Let V be a finite dimensional Hermitian vector space and K be a compact Lie subgroup of U(V) for which th representation of K on C[V] is multiplicity free. One obtains a canonical basis {pα} for the space C [VR]k of K-invariant polynomials on VR and also a basis {q's. The polynomial pα's yields the homogeneous component of highest degree in qα. The coefficient that express the qα's in terms of the pβ's are the generalized binomial coeffficients of Yan. The main result in this paper shows tht these numbers are rational.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial of duloxetine in the treatment of general fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Methods A 12-week, randomized, double-blind study was designed to compare duloxetine 60–120mg/d ( n = 30) with placebo ( n = 30) for efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. The primary outcome measure was the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory general fatigue subscale (range: 4–20, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue). Secondary measures were the remaining Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory subscales, Brief Pain Inventory, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptom Inventory, Patient Global Impression of Improvement, and Clinical Global Impression of Severity. The primary analysis of efficacy for continuous variables was a longitudinal analysis of the intent-to-treat sample, with treatment-by-time interaction as the measure of effect. Results The improvement in the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory general fatigue scores for the duloxetine group was not significantly greater than for the placebo group ( P = 0.23; estimated difference between groups at week 12=−1.0 [95% CI: −2.8, 0.7]). The duloxetine group was significantly superior to the placebo group on the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory mental fatigue score, Brief Pain Inventory average pain severity and interference scores, Short Form-36 bodily pain domain, and Clinical Global Impression of Severity score. Duloxetine was generally well tolerated. Conclusion The primary efficacy measure of general fatigue did not significantly improve with duloxetine when compared with placebo. Significant improvement in secondary measures of mental fatigue, pain, and global measure of severity suggests that duloxetine may be efficacious for some chronic fatigue syndrome symptom domains, but larger controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
An Investigation of Ethical Perceptions of Public Sector MIS Professionals

Management information system (MIS) professionals have a central role in technology development, determining how technology is used in organizations, and the effects it has on clients and society. MIS stakeholders have expressed concern regarding MIS professional's role in computer crime, and security of electronically stored information. It is recognized that MIS professionals must make decisions based on their professional ethics. The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Data Processing Management Association (DPMA) have developed codes of ethics to help guide practitioners with ethical professional decision making. In this study, a model was developed from the combined ACM and DPMA codes of ethics and used in the construction of a survey instrument. The survey was conducted using public sector MIS professionals, and findings relative to the influences that codes of ethics, ethical enforcement systems, and membership in professional organizations has on ethical perception were studied. In addition, the influence that ethical obligation to particular constituencies had on respondents' ethical attitudes was also investigated. The study indicated that ethical obligation of public sector MIS professionals is stronger for management and employers than for peers, society, or clients.
Fast electrochromic polymers based on new poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene) derivatives

Abstract A series of new poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)s were electrosynthesized using 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene derivative monomers where either the size of the alkylenedioxy ring, or the nature of the pendant group, was varied. Optoelectrochemical experiments revealed that electronic band gaps for all polymers are approximately 1.7 eV(730 nm). These cathodically coloring polymers switch from a relatively transmissive light green in the oxidized form to an opaque dark blue in the reduced form. Multiple switching studies, monitoring the electrochromic contrast, showed that ca. 300 nm thick polymer films could be fully switched between their reduced and oxidized forms in 0.8–2.2 s with Δ%T of 44-63%. In situ conductivity studies carried out on relatively thick polymer films (2.7–9.5 μm) deposited between large gap (200 mm) lateral growth electrodes demonstrated the low potential turn on for these materials and relative maximum conductivities of 0.2–12.1 S/cm were attained.
Strength in Numbers: The Durban Student Wages Commission, Dockworkers and the Poverty Datum Line, 1971–1973*

In the early 1970s, white university students helped change debate about low wages in South Africa by convincing workers to base their claims for higher pay on the Poverty Datum Line (PDL), an academic measure of the cost of living for average urban households. Founding members of the Student Wages Commission reached out to workers through propaganda, overcame workers' initial suspicions, avoided infiltration by police spies and eventually convinced dockworkers to attend meetings of the Department of Labour's Wage Board. Through a complex process of translation, statistics became a means of speaking back to the state. By winning media support and persuading workers to appropriate the PDL, the Wages Commissions created a less predictable and more fluid dynamic between employers and employees in the months leading up to the landmark 1973 Durban strikes.
Parallel search algorithms in global optimization

A number of parallel search algorithms are proposed and analyzed for constrained global optimization problems. Algorithms for such problems involve a large number of iterations and function evaluations and a large number of independent local searches. Concurrent function evaluations are well suited for multiprocessing. Similarly, concurrent iterations used for local minimizers can be implemented using multiprocessors. In this paper we consider the global minimization of nonconvex quadratic problems. The proposed algorithms are based on the used of linear programming and local search techniques. Specifically we solve multiple-cost-row linear programs and closely related nonlinear programs (local searches). In this approach, because the constraint set is unchanged and only the objective function changes, the subproblems can be solved independently of each other. Multitasking and vectorization techniques can be used effectively to exploit the parallelism inherent in these problems.
Polarons in Anisotropic Energy Bands

The polaron weak-coupling approximation has been applied to the problem of an electron on a spheroidal energy surface interacting with longitudinal optical phonons. The binding energy and effective masses are calculated. For SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, where the observed masses are ${{m}_{l}}^{*}{m}_{0}=6.0$ and $\frac{{{m}_{t}}^{*}}{{m}_{0}}=1.5$, the calculated bare masses are 4.7 and 0.96, respectively, and the binding energy is 0.26 eV. It is also shown how the polaron properties may be calculated when the band edge is of the degenerate type.
Nonequilibrium facilitated diffusion of oxygen through membranes of aqueous cobaltodihistidine

Abstract 1. 1. The reversible reaction of oxygen wit colbatodihistidine to from oxy-bis-(cobaltodihistidine) in aqueous solutions was used as a model system to study the characteristics of facilitated diffusion in membranes. The cobaltodihistidine molecule served as the model carrier species, and the unequal diffusivities of the two carrier forms as well as a two-step reaction mechanism added a degree of complexity not treated in previous studies. 2. 2. Facilitation of the oxygen flux through the membrane increased with oxygen gradients but also showed saturation effects at high oxygen partial pressures. Facilitation was proportional to (membrane thickness) −0.92 in the range of 50–280 μ, adn to total carrier concentration up to 0.030 M cobaltohistidine. There was no further increase in facilitation at higher carrier concentration because of the solubility limit for cobaltohistidine. Facilitation increased with temperature and showed an apparent activation energy of 4.44 kcal/mole. Maximum facilitation was found in a pH region near neutrality. 3. 3. The facilitated fluxes were about one-third of the magnitude predicted by a simple model which assumes chemical equilibrium throughout the film but could be accurately predicted by a complete model which allows for a finite reaction rate within the membrane. The correct equations and boundary conditions for both the equilibrium and nonequilibrium models are delineated, as well as numerical techniques for obtaining solutions. The total carrier concentration, free plus complexed, is not necessarily uniform throughout each position in the membrane, but the integrated carrier concentration profile across the membrane is a constant.
The Measurement and Impact of Corruption Victimization: Survey Evidence from Latin America

Summary Does democracy suffer when corruption is high? Unfortunately, most studies of corruption have been descriptive, making it difficult to develop a well-supported answer to this question. There are, of course, quantitative corruption measures, but the most popularly used of them are measures of corruption perception aggregated at the national level, rather than corruption experience at the individual level. It is difficult to draw firm conclusions about the impact of corruption from such data. This paper proposes a corruption–victimization measure based on a survey research approach to the measurement problem, and discusses (in a non-technical fashion) its strengths and limitations. The paper then presents data from studies conducted by the Vanderbilt University Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), and demonstrates the impact of corruption victimization on belief in the legitimacy of the political system, a critical element in democratic political stability.