cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary production, sinking fluxes and the microbial food web

Abstract The size distribution of pelagic producers and the size and trophic position of consumers determine the composition and magnitude of sinking fluxes from the surface communities in a simple model of oceanic food webs. Picoplankton, the dominant producers in the model, contribute little to the sinking material, due primarily to the large number of trophic steps between picoplankton and the consumers that produce the sinking particles. Net phytoplankton are important contributors to the sinking materials, despite accounting for a small fraction of the total primary production. These net phytoplankton, especially those capable of nitrogen fixation, also dominate the fraction of the new production that is exported on its first pass through the food chain. The sinking flux is strongly determined by the community structure of the consumers and varies by an order of magnitude for different food webs. The model indicates that generalist grazers, zooplankton that consume a broad size spectrum of prey (including pico-and nanoplankton), play a critical role in exporting particles. The role of generalists that occasionally form swarms, such as thaliaceans (salps and doliolids), can be particularly difficult to assess. Short-term studies probably miss the relatively infrequent population blooms of these grazers, events that could control the average, long-term exports from surface oceanic communities.
Structural analysis, identification, and design of calcium-binding sites in proteins.

Assigning proteins with functions based on the 3-D structure requires high-speed techniques to make a systematic survey of protein structures. Calcium regulates many biological systems by binding numerous proteins in different biological environments. Despite the great diversity in the composition of ligand residues and bond angles and lengths of calcium-binding sites, our structural analysis of 11 calcium-binding sites in different classes of proteins has shown that common local structural parameters can be used to identify and design calcium-binding proteins. Natural calcium-binding sites in both EF-hand proteins and non-EF-hand proteins can be described with the smallest deviation from the geometry of an ideal pentagonal bipyramid. Further, two different magnesium-binding sites in parvalbumin and calbindin(D9K) can also be identified using an octahedral geometry. Using the established method, we have designed de novo calcium-binding sites into the scaffold of non-calcium-binding proteins CD2 and Rop. Our results suggest that it is possible to identify calcium- and magnesium-binding sites in proteins and design de novo metal-binding sites.
Molecular rearrangements and morphology in thyroid cancer.

Tumor development within the human thyroid gland provides an attractive experimental model with which to consider the pathogenesis of carcinoma, the most common and clinically significant cancer. Thyroid tumors are readily accessible to morphological and molecular study because their primary treatment is surgical. Investigations of thyroid cancer have expanded our knowledge of carcinoma biology. Thyroid carcinoma is the only adult epithelial malignancy in which specific chromosomal rearrangements have been identified. 1-3 RET and PPARγ rearrangements in thyroid carcinoma create fusion proteins that are hypothesized to play fundamental roles in thyroid oncogenesis. 3,4 The fusion protein pathways are prime targets for new strategies directed at improving thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment. 5-7
Detecting three-dimensional location and shape of noisy distorted three-dimensional objects with ladar trained optimum nonlinear filters

We propose a filtering technique that uses laser radar (ladar) data to detect a target's three-dimensional (3D) coordinates and shape within an input scene. A two-dimensional ladar range image is converted into 3D space, and then the 3D optimum nonlinear filtering technique is used to detect the 3D coordinates of targets (including the target's distance from the sensor). The 3D optimum nonlinear filter is designed to detect distorted targets (i.e., out-of-plane and in-plane rotations and scale changes) and to be noise robust. The nonlinear filter is derived to minimize the mean of the output energy in response to the input scene in the presence of disjoint background noise and additive noise and to maintain a fixed output peak for the members of the true-class target training set. The system is tested with real ladar imagery in the presence of background clutter. The background clutter used in the system evaluation includes false objects that are similar to the true targets. The correlation output of ladar images shows a dominant peak at the target's 3D coordinates.
{\rm E} - A Generic Event Model for Event-Centric Multimedia Data Management in eChronicle Applications

eChronicle applications are inherently event-centric, enabling users to find and explore important events in an application domain and providing unified access to any media that document them. Todays multimedia data management components such as multimedia databases, however, are largely media-centric, considering events - if at all - just as one of many pieces of media metadata. Obfuscating event exploration and event-driven access to media, they are only of limited use for the implementation of eChronicle applications. Using a concrete eChronicle application in the defense domain, this paper motivates the need for event-centric multimedia data management components. As a foundation, the paper proposes the multimedia event model and discusses essential design considerations for the development of that model. {\rm E}s genericity and profound adaptability to varying application needs make the model a suitable foundation for reusable multimedia data management components that are useful not only for eChronicle applications, but for any multimedia application where event-driven access to content is of interest.
DISCIPLINE AND METHOD: THE MAKING OF THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE

Despite the oft-noted move toward multi-disciplinarity, it remains the case that scholars tend to defend their own methodological turf. This can be unfortunate; no particular discipline or methodology is inherently worthy. The methodological questions regarding any given piece of scholarship should be (a) whether the project is talking an unanswered question of some importance; (b) whether the tools utilized are reliable, i.e., apt to teach us something about that question; and (c) whether the conclusions are sound. I address these questions in response to a symposium held concerning my book, The Will of the People: How Public Opinion Has Influenced the Supreme Court and Shaped the Meaning of the Constitution. They symposium, at Michigan State University School of Law, brought together scholars from history, politics and law. In this piece I explain the intellectual journey that led to The Will of the People, and respond to critics, on both substantive and methodological grounds. The focus, however, is on the issue that leads this abstract: what are the “right” tools in a multi-disciplinary world?
Near-source contributions to teleseismic P waves and P-wave coda for underground explosions

Characterization of near-source crustal properties for underground nuclear explosions using distant seismic observations can potentially improve nuclear test monitoring capabilities. Previous analyses of the relative spectral content of direct P waves and P-wave coda have suggested that important physical parameters such as source overburden velocity and shot point velocity can be inferred from teleseismic signals. Such observations have the potential to both improve yield estimation (by indicating coupling conditions) and to shed light on the basic mechanisms of coda excitation. Reliable isolation of any near-source influences requires thorough suppression of propagation and near-receiver effects on the signals, which are shown herein to be significant for comparisons of P and P coda. A spectral factoring procedure is used to determine eventaveraged source spectra from which propagation and receiver terms have been removed for both direct P signals and early P coda. A large short-period waveform data set (2457 signals) for 71 events at the Nevada and Novaya Zemlya test sites is analyzed with the event-averaging procedure. Spectral ratios and slopes of spectral ratios for the event-averaged P and P-coda source terms are examined for dependence on event magnitude, burial depth, overburden velocity, and other known source characteristics. The slopes of P I P-coda ratios over the frequency band 0.3 to 2.5-Hz for NTS events show only weak dependence on near-source properties for the event-averaged spectra, while individual stations sometimes show strong systematic trends, as discovered by Gupta and Blandford (1987). The tendency is for larger, deeper events (with higher average overburden velocities) to have relative enrichment of high frequency P-wave energy compared to the coda. Single-frequency PIP-coda spectral amplitude ratios increase with increasing magnitude, depth, and overburden velocity for frequencies less than 0.5 Hz, with these trends being reversed near 0.8 Hz. For Novaya Zemlya, the slope of P/P-coda shows a strong variation with magnitude, but P waves from larger events have relatively depleted high-frequency content. Differences in magnitude-depth scaling may contribute to this difference between test sites. Single-frequency PIP-coda spectral ratios at frequencies less than 1.0 Hz increase with magnitude for Novaya Zemlya similarly to the NTS events, possibly as a result of enhanced coda excitation for shallower events combined with low-frequency pP interference. These variations are not yet quantitatively understood but may ultimately provide empirical procedures for characterizing the near-source environment of isolated events or additional test site explosions.
Structure of {sup 26}Na from the {sup 14}C({sup 14}C, d) reaction

The {sup 14}C({sup 14}C, d) reaction at 22 MeV was used to study T{sub z}=2 {sup 26}Na. Charged particles were detected with a Si detector telescope at 0 deg., and {gamma} transitions in coincidence were detected with an array of three Compton-suppressed 'clover' detectors and seven Compton-suppressed single Ge crystals. The Deuteron-{gamma} and d-{gamma}-{gamma} coincidence data were analyzed to study the structure of {sup 26}Na. New levels were found, and precise energies and {gamma}-decay patterns were determined for many states previously observed in charge-exchange reactions. Candidates were observed for the 1{sup +} state missing in {beta} decay. Mixing ratios were determined for some {gamma} transitions from angular distribution information. There is reasonable agreement with the model based on the universal s-d shell (USD) interaction.
Proactive Demand Participation of Smart Buildings in Smart Grid

Buildings account for nearly 40 percent of the total energy consumption in the United States. As a critical step toward smart cities, it is essential to intelligently manage and coordinate the building operations to improve the efficiency and reliability of overall energy system. With the advent of smart meters and two-way communication systems, various energy consumptions from smart buildings can now be coordinated across the smart grid together with other energy loads and power plants. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework to integrate the operations of smart buildings into the energy scheduling of bulk power system through proactive building demand participation . This new scheme enables buildings to proactively express and communicate their energy consumption preferences to smart grid operators rather than passively receive and react to market signals and instructions such as time varying electricity prices. The proposed scheme is implemented in a simulation environment. The experiment results show that the proactive demand response scheme can achieve up to 10 percent system generation cost reduction and 20 percent building operation cost reduction compared with passive demand response scheme. The results also demonstrate that the system cost savings increase significantly with more flexible load installed and higher percentage of proactive customers participation level in the power network.
Unsettling Sikh and Muslim conflict: mistaken identities, forced conversions, and postcolonial formations

In Unsettling Sikh and Muslim Conflict, Katy P. Sian explores Sikh–Muslim antagonism as an expression of diasporic identity formation in Britain during the late-twentieth and early-twenty-first cen...
Stability Analysis of Columns with Imperfection

In this paper, geometrically exact fully intrinsic equations and variational asymptotic beam sections are used to study the buckling and postbuckling of a column under self-weight. Initial curvature effects both generalized one-dimensional beam equations and the cross-sectional stiffness properties. The effects of initial curvature have been studied on buckling and postbuckling in this paper. This problem is a valuable test case for the utility of the fully intrinsic equations and variational asymptotic beam sections.
Measurement and modeling of radio propagation from a primary tunnel to cross junctions

In this paper, we propose a new model for predicting around-corner coupling loss associated with radio signals propagating from a primary tunnel to cross junctions. The proposed model is based on the classic modal method that has been widely used for predicting power distribution in straight tunnels. The uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) is applied to calculate mode coupling coefficients. Simulation results based on the proposed model are compared to measurement results taken in a concrete tunnel and show good agreement.
Electronic Properties of Wide Bandgap Materials

Secondary electron emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the generation and transport of impact-ionized electrons in wide bandgap material. Secondary electron yield and energy distribution measurements from C(100) and CVD diamond samples are analyzed to obtain information about the internal gain and electron energy distribution following impact ionization, as well as the effects of the transport process on the internal electron distribution. By studying the emission from surfaces having a negative electron affinity (NEA), the total transmitted intensity and the full energy spectrum of the internal electrons are revealed in the measurements. Energy spectra measured from the diamond samples contain a low-energy peak whose energy position and width are independent of incident beam energy. This suggests that the peak represents the electron distribution produced by impact-ionization events. A large percentage of the total emitted electrons lie within this peak, indicating that the impact-ionization process is very efficient at generating low-energy electrons. Very high yields are measured from both samples, establishing the presence of high internal gain and efficient electron transport in the material. From the linear slope of the yield curves, the escape depth of the low-energy electrons is deduced to be much larger than ∼ 0.1 μm in both diamond samples.
The Urological Manifestations of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Between 1984 and March 1987, 120 patients with either the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or its related complex seen at our hospital were studied retrospectively for urological signs and/or symptoms. Autopsy findings also were reviewed. Of the patients 84 per cent had no complaints referable to the urinary system, 2 per cent had gross hematuria (all with a negative diagnostic evaluation) and 14 per cent had urinary infections. We conclude that only a small percentage of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suffer from significant urological manifestations and that a full urological evaluation of such patients generally is not warranted. If the patient presents with gross hematuria excretory urography should be performed if there is no infectious etiology, and cytoscopy should be performed only if the hematuria is life-threatening or prolonged and possibly to confirm significant urographic findings.
Philosophy of Law in Medieval Judaism and Islam

Properly speaking, there is no philosophy of law in medieval Judaism and Islam. In its place is jurisprudence, that is, the art or science that seeks to explain what the revealed law of either tradition means with respect to one particular situation or another and how it is to be applied. Similarly, jurisprudence entails moving from what is explicitly spoken of by the particular revealed law to what is not—extending that law to new phenomena or new applications. But philosophy of law understood as “philosophical reflections upon the general foundation of law […] derived from an existing philosophical position” or leading “to such a position” (Friedrich 1958, 3) is not to be found in either one of these traditions; nor is it desired. The reason is quite simple: Law in medieval (and contemporary) Judaism and Islam is Law with a capital “L.” It is divine law handed down to a particular religious community by a divinely inspired lawgiver, a prophet or a messenger of the Almighty.
Technology development and design of a hybrid Mars ascent vehicle concept

Hybrid propulsion has been investigated as an enhancing technology for a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) concept as part of potential Mars Sample Return (MSR) because of its high specific impulse, restartability, and the ability to operate and survive at extremely low temperatures. A new wax-based hybrid fuel formulation has been developed that could withstand the harsh and variable Mars environment protected solely by a minimal layer of passive insulation. This formulation could provide substantial energy savings for a notional lander and is critical for rover mobility. Preliminary thermal cycle testing has determined that the formulation can survive the expected temperature extremes and lifetime thermal testing is currently underway. A complete preliminary design using this new fuel formulation combined with a low temperature oxidizer such as Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON30) is presented. Several key features associated with a complete hybrid MAV concept are investigated to determine their mission suitability (e.g. Thrust Vector Control and restartable ignition options). Potential challenges along a path towards developing such a system are outlined and future work is suggested as a means of technology maturation. The hybrid design presented here was the lowest Gross Lift Off Mass (GLOM) result of a 2015 Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) led MAV concept study [1].
Video Game-Related Seizures

The manifestations of video game-related seizures (VGRS) in 10 patients aged 1-22 years examined and 25 case-reports reviewed are reported from the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
Implementing Total Quality Management in the Classroom by Means of Student Satisfaction Guarantees

Universities are increasingly turning to the principles of total quality management (TQM) in an attempt to improve quality and gain competitive advantage. Recent survey data, however, indicates that while many universities have been successfully applying TQM in support and administrative functions, TQM has not migrated into the classroom to any significant extent at many of these institutions. For TQM to have the desired impact, it must be extended to the core learning processes and be implemented in the classroom. This paper describes how student satisfaction guarantees can serve as a tool for implementing TQM principles in the classroom. The paper begins with a review of classroom-based applications of TQM. From this review, five basic elements are identified as comprising a classroom-based model of TQM. The paper then describes a student satisfaction guarantee used at one university and how this guarantee facilitates the introduction of the five core TQM elements in the classroom. Surveys and focus gro...
Unraveling the Molecular Weight Dependence of Interfacial Interactions in Poly(2-vinylpyridine)/Silica Nanocomposites

The structure and polymer–nanoparticle interactions among physically adsorbed poly(2-vinylpyridine) chains on the surface of silica nanoparticles (NPs) were systematically studied as a function of molecular weight (MW) by sum frequency generation (SFG) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. Analysis of XPS data identified hydrogen bonds between the polymer and NPs, while SFG evaluated the change in the number of free OH sites on the NP’s surface. Our data revealed that the hydrogen bonds and amount of the free −OH sites have a significant dependence on the polymer’s MW. These results provide clear experimental evidence that the interaction of physically adsorbed chains with nanoparticles is strongly MW dependent and aids in unraveling the microscopic mechanism responsible for the strong MW dependence of dynamics of the interfacial layer in polymer nanocomposites.
Low cross-polarisation high-isolation frequency scanning aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna array with matched dual-polarisation radiation patterns

A method of beam matching between two linear polarised radiation patterns of a dual-polarised frequency scanning antenna is proposed, implemented, and tested. A meticulous phase match process between the outputs of both individual cells and the whole corresponding horizontal and vertical feed lines is carried out. To verify the simulation results and to take the coupling effect into account, the radiation patterns of an isolated column, as well as those of three columns, are measured. In agreement with the design and with the simulation results, horizontal and vertical polarisation beams with a pointing angle mismatch of less than ±0.2° within the resonant frequency band-width of 2.75-2.95 GHz are achieved.
State-frequency memory recurrent neural networks

Modeling temporal sequences plays a fundamental role in various modern applications and has drawn more and more attentions in the machine learning community. Among those efforts on improving the capability to represent temporal data, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has achieved great success in many areas. Although the LSTM can capture long-range dependency in the time domain, it does not explicitly model the pattern occurrences in the frequency domain that plays an important role in tracking and predicting data points over various time cycles. We propose the State-Frequency Memory (SFM), a novel recurrent architecture that allows to separate dynamic patterns across different frequency components and their impacts on modeling the temporal contexts of input sequences. By jointly decomposing memorized dynamics into state-frequency components, the SFM is able to offer a fine-grained analysis of temporal sequences by capturing the dependency of uncovered patterns in both time and frequency domains. Evaluations on several temporal modeling tasks demonstrate the SFM can yield competitive performances, in particular as compared with the state-of-the-art LSTM models.
Preliminary Validation of the Teacher-Rated DESSA in a Low-Income, Kindergarten Sample:

This study investigated the measurement of social emotional competence in low-income youth by assessing the validity of responses derived from the widely used, teacher-rated Devereux Student Streng...
Lidar Profiling In the lower Troposphere: experience from PECAN

Results from the PECAN (Plains Elevated Convection at Night) campaign are discussed. In particular, the utility of simple backscatter lidars/ceilometers in quantifying atmospheric dynamics parameters and variables as well as evolution of the lower tropospheric dynamics are made. Cases of bore wave dynamics and the potential of these events in lofting of low level, moist, airmass and its consequence in thunderstorm initiation are made. A suite of thermodynamic profiling instruments are combined and compared to describe and visualize lower tropospheric dynamic evolution.
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN ESTUARIES

Abstract Studies of several invertebrate and vertebrate species argue for the common occurrence of genetic divergence of estuarine populations from conspecific populations in open coastal marine waters. Estuarine differentiation raises many unresolved questions: (1) Does this common divergence indicate the isolation of estuarine populations from open marine populations?; (2) Is natural selection of sufficient intensity to cause divergence, despite constant influxes and exports of propagules to and from the estuary?; (3) What are the most significant agents of natural selection? Differences among estuaries of differing salinity and temperature regimes may also promote extensive genetic differentiation. Pollutants are a potentially potent among-estuary source of natural selection. Polluted estuaries may harbor populations of animals and plants with evolved tolerance to pollution. This could be easily verified through a broad study of species' tolerances and the genetic basis of the tolerance. The consequences of such adaptations to the establishment of environmental monitoring programs and to the study of the transfer of pollutants up estuarine food chains deserves some reconsideration in the light of these conclusions.
Immunohistochemical staining for programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in malignant thymoma and thymic carcinoma.

e20003Background: Recent development of anti-PD-1/L1 antibodies has demonstrated activity in various neoplasms. Thymic malignancies (TMS) are rare and treatment in advanced disease is limited. To e...
IgE-Mediated Food Allergy

Food allergies are defined as adverse immune responses to food proteins that result in typical clinical symptoms involving the dermatologic, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and/or neurologic systems. IgE-mediated food-allergic disease differs from non-IgE-mediated disease because the pathophysiology results from activation of the immune system, causing a T helper 2 response which results in IgE binding to Fce receptors on effector cells like mast cells and basophils. The activation of these cells causes release of histamine and other preformed mediators, and rapid symptom onset, in contrast with non-IgE-mediated food allergy which is more delayed in onset. The diagnosis of IgE-mediated food allergy requires a history of classic clinical symptoms and evidence of food-specific IgE by either skin-prick or serum-specific IgE testing. Symptoms of IgE-mediated food allergies range from mild to severe. The severity of symptoms is not predicted by the level of specific IgE or skin test wheal size, but the likelihood of symptom onset is directly related. Diagnosis is excluded when a patient can ingest the suspected food without clinical symptoms and may require an in-office oral food challenge if testing for food-specific IgE by serum or skin testing is negative or low. Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of the clinical manifestation of IgE-mediated food allergy, and injectable epinephrine is the first-line treatment. Management of food allergies requires strict avoidance measures, counseling of the family about constant vigilance, and prompt treatment of allergic reactions with emergency medications. Guidelines have changed recently to include early introduction of peanuts at 4–6 months of life. Early introduction is recommended to prevent the development of peanut allergy. Future treatments for IgE-mediated food allergy evaluated in clinical trials include epicutaneous, sublingual, and oral immunotherapy.
D-dimer: Common Assay, Challenges Abound, Caution Advised.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE)2 is both a common and serious disease (1, 2). There is no single diagnostic test or criterion for this disorder, and thus, VTE remains a diagnosis based on combined clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data. Validated criteria to aid in pretest probability assessment and choice of initial diagnostic tests can support physicians in evaluating patients for VTE, particularly pulmonary embolism (PE) (3, 4). The review article by Parakh and Sabath in this issue of The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine highlights current guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of VTE, with consideration of the clinical laboratory's role (5). Although there is not a single laboratory test that can confirm a diagnosis of VTE, the clinical laboratory has an important role to play in providing D-dimer testing. The excellent negative predictive value of quantitative D-dimer assays makes them useful for excluding VTE in patients with low pretest probability (3, 6). If a diagnosis of VTE can be excluded with clinical observations and a D-dimer test alone, then the need for imaging studies is eliminated, which can save time, reduce radiation exposure, eliminate the need for contrast administration (of particular importance in patients with impaired renal function), and save costs for patients (2). The positive predictive value of …
Letting Girls Learn, Letting Girls Rise: Commodifying Girlhoods in Humanitarian Campaigns

This chapter illustrates how girlhoods from the Global South are commodified by the affective regimes of humanitarian government that animate the Let Girls Learn and Girl Rising campaigns. I illustrate how urgency around girls’ education within the Let Girls Learn campaign is anchored in moral sentiments which are attached to former U.S. First Lady Michelle Obama as she conveys the successes of her own ‘bootstraps narrative’ and epitomizes the anticipated guarantees of neoliberal girlhood. Ordinary U.S. citizens are affected by the feelings of concern and possibility generated by Michelle Obama, as well as by campaign promotional videos, and become positioned as “everyday activists.” The construction of everyday activists as global humanitarians who “let girls learn” and “let girls rise” occurs through the commodification of poor, racialized girls.
Religious Privilege to Discriminate as Religious Freedom: From Charitable Choice to Faith Based Initiatives to RFRA and FADA

When the Supreme Court decided that same sex couples had a right to marry, many people in the U.S. felt that the LGBTQ rights movement had achieved equality. But almost immediately, some groups pushed back against the Supreme Court's decision, arguing that they had a right to avoid complying with its implications because of their religious views. The push and pull between LGBTQ rights and religious rights has long been playing out in the workplace. This essay traces the roots of that struggle through the mid-1990s to the present.
Planning for the Effects of Climate Change on Natural Resources

This article, published in the Environmental Law Reporter, examines how the federal agencies that manage natural resources and public lands can account for the current and future impacts of climate change in their management activities. It finds that the federal agencies responsible for managing these resources have generally recognized that considerations pertaining to climate change adaptation should be incorporated into existing planning processes, yet this topic is still treated as an afterthought in many planning documents. Only a few federal agencies have published guidance on how managers should consider climate change impacts and their management implications. This Article explains why these agencies are legally required to consider climate-related risks in planning processes, and presents recommendations and a model protocol for conducting this analysis.
Larval Psephenidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) of Thailand:Annotated List and Illustrated Key to Genera

Thailand has been extensively surveyed for aquatic insects in the last two decades. However, other than descriptions of adults, the family Psephenidae have gone unexamined. Previously, 13 genera and 26 species of adult psephenids were known from Thailand. In our survey for larval psephenids, we found all genera of Eubrianacinae previously known from Thailand plus Mubrianax Lee, Sato, and Yang, a new country record, and one undescribed larva. In Eubriinae, we found larvae of three of the five genera known from Thailand, plus Homoeogenus Waterhouse, a new country record. In Psepheninae, we collected larvae of Mataeopsephus Waterhouse, a new country record. In Psephenoidinae, we were able to identify only Sinopsephenoides Yang, although we have numerous records of unidentified larvae in the subfamily. New locality information is provided plus a key to the subfamilies and genera for all known psephenid larvae from Thailand.
Factors Influencing a Medical Student’s Decision to Pursue Surgery as a Career

Recent match trends from the National Resident Matching Program suggest that the number of allopathic medical students (MD) pursuing general surgery is declining. This decline may have profound consequences given the surgeon shortage predicted by the Association of American Medical Colleges. Early exposure to surgery opportunities may increase a student’s desire to pursue the specialty as a career. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect surgical activities have on promoting student interest in surgery. Medical students (years 1–3) at the University of Illinois at Rockford completed a two-component activity: a questionnaire and laparoscopic box activity. Differences in lifestyle factors, psychomotor aptitude, and future career interests were compared. A total of 64 medical students completed the activity. 45.3% of students reported that the activity positively influenced their decision to pursue a career in surgery. Rating of the importance of living in a rural versus urban community was an important lifestyle factor (p = 0.01) for students without rather than with an interest in surgery, 3.95 and 3.19, respectively. No differences were observed in other lifestyle factors. Early exposure to surgical activities may foster interest in students who lacked previous intention to pursue the specialty.
Impact of Multi-Drug-Resistant Pneumonia on Outcomes of Critically Ill Trauma Patients.

Background: Rates of infections with multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are increasing among critically ill patients. Among non-surgical patients, MDROs increase directly the risk of adverse secondary events including death. However, similar effects do not appear to occur among surgical patients. Specifically, among critically injured trauma patients, it is unknown whether degree of injury versus the presence of an MDRO increases the risk of death. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of admitted adult trauma patients. Data included demographics, medical comorbidities, injury severity score, infections, occurrence of pneumonia including microbiology sensitivity profile, hospital course, and outcomes. Results: Patients requiring adminission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were more severely injured with greater degree of thoracic and head trauma and had a greater burden of pre-trauma medical comorbidities. Among those admitted to the ICU, 93 patients developed pneumonia. Patients who developed pneumonia were younger and more severely injured, with higher rates of thoracic and head injuries and higher rates of smoking. Development of pneumonia was associated with worse outcomes. However, among patients with pneumonia, comparing MDRO to pan-sensitive (PanSens) infections, PanSens infection occurred earlier and were more likely associated with pre-trauma smoking status. There was no difference in injury patterns, medical comorbidities, or outcomes. Conclusion: The development of pneumonia among trauma patients reflects degree of injury and underlying medical status. However, development of MDRO versus PanSens pneumonia did not affect trauma-related outcomes further. This information will guide family discussions and critical care decisions better among vulnerable trauma patients.
Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis Successfully Treated with Acitretin in a Patient with Glucose-6-Phoshate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis. SPD most commonly presents as a serpiginous pattern of pustules on the trunk or intertriginous areas of middle-aged females. It tends to have a chronic disease course and patients may experience relapses. Dapsone currently remains the treatment of choice for SPD. However, in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, alternative therapies are required. We report a case of subcorneal pustular dermatosis in a G6PD deficient patient successfully treated with acitretin.
Polarity- and Intensity-Independent Modulation of Timing During Delay Eyeblink Conditioning Using Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC) is widely used to assess cerebellar-dependent associative motor learning, including precise timing processes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), noninvasive brain stimulation used to indirectly excite and inhibit select brain regions, may be a promising tool for understanding how functional integrity of the cerebellum influences dEBC behavior. The aim of this study was to assess whether tDCS-induced inhibition (cathodal) and excitation (anodal) of the cerebellum differentially impact timing of dEBC. A standard 10-block dEBC paradigm was administered to 102 healthy participants. Participants were randomized to stimulation conditions in a double-blind, between-subjects sham-controlled design. Participants received 20-min active (anodal or cathodal) stimulation at 1.5 mA (n = 20 anodal, n = 22 cathodal) or 2 mA (n = 19 anodal, n = 21 cathodal) or sham stimulation (n = 20) concurrently with dEBC training. Stimulation intensity and polarity effects on percent conditioned responses (CRs) and CR peak and onset latency were examined using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Acquisition of CRs increased over time at a similar rate across sham and all active stimulation groups. CR peak and onset latencies were later, i.e., closer to air puff onset, in all active stimulation groups compared to the sham group. Thus, tDCS facilitated cerebellar-dependent timing of dEBC, irrespective of stimulation intensity and polarity. These findings highlight the feasibility of using tDCS to modify cerebellar-dependent functions and provide further support for cerebellar contributions to human eyeblink conditioning and for exploring therapeutic tDCS interventions for cerebellar dysfunction.
Zinc Microrocket Pills: Fabrication and Characterization toward Active Oral Delivery

Here the fabrication of a zinc (Zn) microrocket pill is reported, and its unique features toward active and enhanced oral delivery application are demonstrated. By loading Zn-based tubular microrockets into an orally administrable pill formulation, the resulting Zn microrocket pill can rapidly dissolve in the stomach, releasing numerous encapsulated Zn microrockets that are instantaneously activated and then propel in the gastric fluid. The released Zn microrockets display efficient propulsion without being affected by the presence of the inactive excipient materials of the pill. An in vivo retention study performed in mice clearly shows that the active pill dissolution and powerful acid-driven Zn microrocket propulsion greatly enhance the microrocket retention within the gastric tissue without causing toxic effects. By combining the active delivery feature of Zn microrockets with the oral administration of a pill, the Zn microrocket pill holds considerable potential for active oral delivery of various therapeutics for diverse medical applications.
Quantifying the Role of Lysine in Prion Replication by Nano-LC Mass Spectrometry and Bioassay.

Prions propagate by a template driven process, inducing the normal cellular isoform (PrPC) to adopt the prion (PrPSc) conformation. In PrPC, the positions of lysines are highly conserved and strongly influence prion propagation. In this study, covalent modification was used to quantitate the role of lysines in the PrPSc template that drives prion replication. The e-amino group of lysines in the PrPSc (hamster-adapted scrapie Sc237) template was acetylated by either acetic anhydride (Ac2O) or the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of acetic acid (Ac-NHS). The extent of lysine acetylation in PrPSc was quantitated by mass spectrometry or Western blot-based analysis. Identical samples were bioassayed to quantitate the loss of infectivity associated with lysine acetylation. The reduction of infectivity at the highest reagent concentration was approximately 90% (∼10-fold). Ten of the eleven prion lysines were acetylated to a greater extent (25-400-fold) than the observed loss of infectivity. Only one lysine, at position 220 (K220), had a reactivity that is consistent with the loss of infectivity. Although lysines are highly conserved and play a crucial role in converting PrPC into the PrPSc conformation, once that conformation is adopted, the lysines present in the PrPSc template play only a limited role in prion replication. In principle, this approach could be used to clarify the role of other amino acids in the replication of prions and other prion-like protein misfolding diseases.
Spiritual Activism as a Means for Social Transformation: Womanist and Chicana Feminist Possibilities

In the wake of Trump’s presidency, children of color have been increasingly subjected to overt racism in and outside of educational settings. After seeing “In light of the Trump effect” or the anxi...
Ethics of Field Experiments

Political scientists are increasingly conducting field experiments that raise ethical issues that standard review criteria and processes are ill equipped to address. Field experiments can answer im...
Dual chamber pacing using a hybrid transvenous and leadless pacing approach

An elderly gentleman with a dual-chamber pacemaker presented to our institution with symptoms of symptomatic bradycardia and high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block. Device interrogation revealed failure to capture in the right ventricle (RV) lead with bipolar pacing, high RV pacing threshold with unipolar pacing, and high impedance suggesting lead fracture. The atrial lead function was normal. Given his advanced age, gait instability, and dementia, the decision was made to proceed with Micra AV pacemaker implantation, while programming his dual-chamber pacemaker to AAIR mode, thus maintaining AV synchrony by tracking paced atrial impulses and providing ventricular pacing.
A Taxonomy of Management Theories

Deming, Drucker, Maslow, McGregor, Schein, Senge, Taylor, Weber … This precis references influential management theories in the last hundred years: in each instance, the taxonomy flags the historical foundation, highlights basic theory and application, lists principally cited publications, and passes comment on how the theory is viewed today.
Are ESG Funds More Transparent

I explore whether managers of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) funds differ in their disclosure behavior vis-a-vis conventional fund managers. Consistent with ESG fund investors having longer investment horizons, I find that ESG portfolio managers engage in less opportunistic disclosure activities than their conventional fund managers counterparts. Interestingly, managers of ESG and conventional funds have similar portfolio turnovers, despite the conventional wisdom that ESG investors are more long-term oriented. Notably, I find no evidence that investment management firms endogenously assign portfolio managers to ESG and conventional funds based on managers’ characteristics. Overall, my results suggest that the preferences of ESG investors affect ESG managers' willingness to engage in opportunistic trading without significantly affecting their real portfolio decisions.
Smoking shifts human small airway epithelium club cells toward a lesser differentiated population.

The club cell, a small airway epithelial (SAE) cell, plays a central role in human lung host defense. We hypothesized that subpopulations of club cells with distinct functions may exist. The SAE of healthy nonsmokers and healthy cigarette smokers were evaluated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and unsupervised clustering revealed subpopulations of SCGCB1A1+KRT5loMUC5AC− club cells. Club cell heterogeneity was supported by evaluations of SAE tissue sections, brushed SAE cells, and in vitro air–liquid interface cultures. Three subpopulations included: (1) progenitor; (2) proliferating; and (3) effector club cells. The progenitor club cell population expressed high levels of mitochondrial, ribosomal proteins, and KRT5 relative to other club cell populations and included a differentiation branch point leading to mucous cell production. The small proliferating population expressed high levels of cyclins and proliferation markers. The effector club cell cluster expressed genes related to host defense, xenobiotic metabolism, and barrier functions associated with club cell function. Comparison of smokers vs. nonsmokers demonstrated that smoking limited the extent of differentiation of all three subclusters and altered SAM pointed domain-containing Ets transcription factor (SPDEF)-regulated transcription in the effector cell population leading to a change in the location of the branch point for mucous cell production, a potential explanation for the concomitant reduction in effector club cells and increase in mucous cells in smokers. These observations provide insights into both the makeup of human SAE club cell subpopulations and the smoking-induced changes in club cell biology.
A National Survey Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Arab Americans.

Arab Americans’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic have been largely undocumented. Disparities in vaccine hesitancy between non-Hispanic Whites and minoritized groups have been observed, warranting exploration into the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Arab Americans. Data from the Survey of Arab Health in America (SAHA) (n = 638), collected between May 2020 and September 2020, were analyzed to determine predictors for vaccine intention among Arab Americans. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models were performed to determine the relationship between sociodemographic, immigration, acculturation, and COVID-19 risk variables and vaccine intention. More than half (56.7%) of respondents reported an intention to be vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine, 35.7% reported uncertainty, and 7.5% reported being unlikely to receive a vaccine. Of those unlikely to receive the vaccine, 72.9% were women and 85.4% reported moderate to high religiosity (p < 0.01). Arab American women had higher odds of being uncertain of their vaccine intention (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.57) or being unlikely to receive the vaccine (OR = 5.00; 95% CI: 1.95, 12.83) than men in this sample. Factors such as high religiosity and gender were positively associated with being unlikely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Future studies should qualitatively assess the beliefs that undergird vaccine intention among Arab Americans.
Rape Myth Acceptance Buffers the Association Between Sexual Assault and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among College Students.

Rape myths are cultural beliefs that invalidate, blame, and stigmatize rape survivors, thereby perpetuating sexual violence. Few studies have explored associations between rape myth acceptance (RMA...
A selective molecularly imprinted polymer-carbon nanotube sensor for cotinine sensing.

Conductive composite films comprised of single-walled carbon nanotubes coated with molecularly imprinted poly-4-vinylphenol are produced and characterized using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopies, confirming the successful molecular imprinting of the film with cotinine. The electrical resistance of the imprinted film changes significantly upon binding cotinine, by more than 30 kΩ, while the unimprinted film in comparison elicits little response. Additionally, once the cotinine template desorbs from the film, the resistance of the imprinted film returns to a value close to the pre-adsorption baseline. Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the morphology of the film compared with the unimprinted control, and gas chromatography quantitatively confirms that the imprinted film selectively detects cotinine while discriminating against the structurally similar alkaloid, nicotine.