cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding desisting and persisting forms of delinquency: the unique contributions of disruptive behavior disorders and interpersonal callousness

Background: While associations between conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and interpersonal callousness (IC) symptoms and delinquency onset are well established, less is known about whether these characteristics differentiate desisting and persisting delinquency. The current study examined whether childhood and adolescent CD, ODD, ADHD, and IC symptoms uniquely distinguished boys who exhibited persisting versus desisting delinquency from adolescence into adulthood. Methods: Participants were 503 boys (57% African American) repeatedly assessed from ages 7 to 25. Associations between childhood and adolescent CD, ODD, ADHD, and IC symptoms and desisting and persisting delinquency were examined independently and after controlling for their co-occurrence and multiple covariates. Results: Conduct disorder and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence were higher among boys whose delinquency persisted into adulthood relative to those boys whose delinquency desisted across time. After controlling for the overlap between symptoms of ADHD, ODD, CD and IC, only adolescent CD and IC symptoms emerged as unique predictors of the differentiation between persisters and desisters. Moreover, adolescent CD and IC symptoms continued to contribute unique variance even after childhood levels of these characteristics were accounted for. Conclusions: Boys with elevated levels of CD and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence are at risk for exhibiting a pattern of delinquency that persists from adolescence into adulthood. Intervention efforts designed to prevent chronic delinquency should target youth with co-occurring CD and IC symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Language: en
Designing equally fault-tolerant configurations for kinematically redundant manipulators

In this article, the authors examine the problem of designing nominal manipulator Jacobians that are optimally fault-tolerant to multiple joint failures. In this work, optimality is defined in terms of the worst case relative manipulability index. Building on previous work, it is shown that for a robot manipulator working in three-dimensional workspace to be equally fault-tolerant to any two simultaneous joint failures, the manipulator must have precisely six degrees of freedom. A corresponding family of Jacobians with this property is identified. It is also shown that the two-dimensional workspace problem has no such solution.
Techniques for implementing support middleware for the PSTR scheme for real-time object replication

The primary-shadow TMO replication (PSTR) scheme is an active real-time object replication scheme formulated by the first author several years ago. PSTR is a powerful scheme in that it facilitates real-time forward recovery while prolonging the life-time of real-time application systems and it is applicable to a broad range of real-time distributed computing application systems. A middleware subsystem supporting the PSTR scheme has been designed as a part of the middleware architecture that is named ROAFTS and has been evolving since several years ago. ROAFTS is a middleware system which is layered above a commercial-off-the-shelf operating system kernel and functions as the core of a reliable execution engine for fault-tolerant distributed real-time applications. The applications supported by ROAFTS are structured as networks of real-time objects, named time-triggered message-triggered objects (TMOs). The techniques for middleware-based implementation of the PSTR scheme have been improved in recent years. The ROAFTS middleware structure is reviewed first and then the improved implementation techniques are discussed. An analysis of the recovery time bounds achievable with the middleware prototype has also been conducted and some core results are presented
Minimizing network complexity through integrated top-down design

The network design process today remains ad-hoc and largely complexity agnostic, often resulting in suboptimal networks characterized by excessive amounts of dependencies and commands in device configurations. The unnecessarily high configuration complexity can lead to a huge increase in both the amount of manual intervention required for managing the network and the likelihood of configuration errors, and thus must be avoided. In this paper we present an integrated top-down design approach and show how it can minimize the unnecessary configuration complexity in realizing user reachability control, a key network design objective that involves designing three distinct network elements: VLAN, IP address, and packet filter. Capitalizing on newly-developed abstractions, our approach integrates the design of the three elements into a unified framework by systematically modeling how the design of one element may impact the complexity of other elements. Our approach goes substantially beyond the current "divide-and-conquer" approach that designs each element in complete isolation, and enables minimizing the combined complexity of all elements. Specifically, two new optimization problems are formulated, and novel algorithms and heuristics are developed to solve the formulated problems. Evaluation on a large campus network shows that our approach can effectively reduce the packet filter complexity and VLAN trunking complexity by more than 85% and 70%, respectively, when compared to the ad-hoc approach currently used by the operators.
Iterative resolution estimation in least‐squares Kirchhoff migration

We apply iterative resolution estimation to least-squares Kirchhoff migration. Reviewing the theory of iterative optimization uncovers the common origin of different optimization methods. This allows us to reformulate the pseudo-inverse, model resolution and data resolution operators in terms of effective iterative estimates. When applied to Kirchhoff migration, plots of the diagonal of the model resolution matrix reveal low illumination areas on seismic images and provide information about image uncertainties. Synthetic and real data examples illustrate the proposed technique and confirm the theoretical expectations.
Pre-sampling as an approach for exploiting temporal uncertainty

In this paper we describe an approach to exploit temporal uncertainty in parallel and distributed simulation by utilizing time intervals rather than precise time stamps. Unlike previously published work that propose new message ordering semantics, our approach is based on conservative, time stamp order execution and enhancing the lookahead of the simulation by pre-drawing random numbers from a distribution that models temporal uncertainty. The advantages of this approach are that it allows time intervals to be exploited using a conventional Time Stamp Order (TSO) delivery mechanism, and it offers the modeler greater statistical control over the assigned time stamps. An implementation of this approach is described and initial performance measurements are presented.
Recent Clinical Advances in Lung Cancer Management

Progress in lung cancer therapy has been slow but steady and has accelerated due to improvements in scientific basis for the disease and to technologic advances in diagnosis and therapy. The elusive goal of reduced mortality rates can be achieved in the next 50 years through continued interdisciplinary research efforts.
Questions About Forensic Science: Response

The essential message of our review was that forensic individualization/identification science is on course for a “paradigm shift” in which its future will be more scientifically grounded than its past. Harmon and Budowle take issue with the simple point that traditional forensic science assumes that markings produced by different people and objects are observably different. The notion of uniqueness is widespread in forensic science writing, thinking, and practice. We added the qualifier “discernible” to the uniqueness assumption to indicate that criminalists do not refer to uniqueness in the abstract or as a metaphysical property. They mean that conclusions about object uniqueness are attainable in practice.
Computing Near-Optimal Policies in Generalized Joint Replenishment

We provide a practical methodology for solving the generalized joint replenishment (GJR) problem, based on a mathematical programming approach to approximate dynamic programming. We show how to automatically generate a value function approximation basis built upon piecewise-linear ridge functions by developing and exploiting a theoretical connection with the problem of finding optimal cyclic schedules. We provide a variant of the algorithm that is effective in practice, and we exploit the special structure of the GJR problem to provide a coherent, implementable framework.
Alternative medicine in modern France.

La France est le pays le plus grand producteur et consommateur de remedes non conventionnels en Europe. L'A. decrit le developpement de cette medecine alternative ainsi que ses concepts et sa terminologie
Superexchange and electron transfer in the photosynthetic reaction center

Abstract The relative magnitude of the sequential and superexchange electron transfer mechanisms in the primary electron transfer event in a reaction center is a controversial issue. One complication in resolving this problem is that the conventional superexchange theory is valid only when the intermediate energy level is sufficiently high. The precise position of this level in the reaction center is not known, and it is not clear whether this condition is met. We present a novel expression for the superexchange rate in a three-level system, which holds for arbitrary values of the system free energies and reorganization energies. Implications as to the relative contribution of the superexchange and sequential mechanisms are discussed.
Allelic variations in angiogenic pathway genes are associated with preeclampsia.

Objective This study investigates the association of allelic variation in angiogenic pathway genes and preeclampsia. Study Design Data for cases with preeclampsia and term control subjects were collected prospectively. Maternal DNA was extracted, and 124 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in 6 genes (vascular endothelial growth factor A, B, and C; fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and 4; endoglin) were genotyped. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms and preeclampsia; data were controlled for age. All models were evaluated in black women and white women separately. Haplotype analyses were performed. Results We analyzed data from 606 women (489 black women [184 cases] and 117 white women [32 cases]). In black women, the fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 rs12584067 (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.36; P = .05) and rs7335588 (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.06–2.43; P = .01) and the vascular endothelial growth factor C rs1485766 (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.05–2.30; P = .03) and rs6838834 (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.05–2.45; P = .03) single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with preeclampsia. In white women, the fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 rs722503 (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.07–4.19; P = .03), fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 rs307826 (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.18–7.91; P = .01), and vascular endothelial growth factor C rs7664413 (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 0.99–4.17; P = .04) single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with preeclampsia. Conclusion Allelic variations in the fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor C genes are associated with preeclampsia in both ethnic groups.
Nanomedicine in cancer treatment.

Fig. 1. Nanoscale. Nanotechnology is the development and engineering of useful devices, systems, and materials so small that they are measured on a molecular scale (Figure 1). Nanoscale devices are 100 to 10,000 times smaller than human cells but are similar in size to large biomolecules such as enzymes and receptors. Nanoscale devices smaller than 50 nm can easily enter most cells, and those smaller than 20 nm can move out of blood vessels as they circulate through the body. Nanodevices are suitable to serve as customized, targeted drug delivery vehicles to carry large doses of chemotherapeutic agents or therapeutic genes into malignant cells while sparing healthy cells. Nanodevices can be constructed by the molding or etching, top-down approach, or by assembling structures atom by atom or molecule by molecule, bottom-up approach. Nanomedicine—the use of nanometer-sized particles and systems to detect and treat diseases at the molecular level— plays an essential role in achieving the federal governmentTs stated goal of eliminating suffering and death from cancer, the second leading cause of death in the United States, by 2015 [1]. One of the ultimate goals of nanomedicine is to create medically useful nanodevices that can function inside the body. It is envisioned that nanodevices will be hybrids of biologic molecules and synthetic polymers, as reported by Xie and Gao [2] in the current issue of the Journal, that can enter cells and the organelles to interact directly with DNA and proteins. Additionally, nanomedicine will have an impact on the key challenges in cancer therapy: localized drug delivery and specific targeting. Among the newly developed nanomedicine and nanodevices such as quantum dots, nanowires, nanotubes, nanocantilevers, and nanopores, nanoshells and nanoparticles are the most promising applications for various cancer treatments. The gold nanoshell-antibody complex can be used to ablate breast cancer cells. Nanoshells [3] have a core of
The implementation of a fast and accurate QM/MM potential method in Amber.

Version 9 of the Amber simulation programs includes a new semi-empirical hybrid QM/MM functionality. This includes support for implicit solvent (generalized Born) and for periodic explicit solvent simulations using a newly developed QM/MM implementation of the particle mesh Ewald (PME) method. The code provides sufficiently accurate gradients to run constant energy QM/MM MD simulations for many nanoseconds. The link atom approach used for treating the QM/MM boundary shows improved performance, and the user interface has been rewritten to bring the format into line with classical MD simulations. Support is provided for the PM3, PDDG/PM3, PM3CARB1, AM1, MNDO, and PDDG/MNDO semi-empirical Hamiltonians as well as the self-consistent charge density functional tight binding (SCC-DFTB) method. Performance has been improved to the point where using QM/MM, for a QM system of 71 atoms within an explicitly solvated protein using periodic boundaries and PME requires less than twice the cpu time of the corresponding classical simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
The Mu Transposase Interwraps Distant DNA Sites within a Functional Transpososome in the Absence of DNA Supercoiling

A Mu transpososome assembled on negatively supercoiled DNA traps five supercoils by intertwining the left (L) and right (R) ends of Mu with an enhancer element (E). To investigate the contribution of DNA supercoiling to this elaborate synapse in which E and L cross once, E and R twice, and L and R twice, we have analyzed DNA crossings in a transpososome assembled on nicked substrates under conditions that bypass the supercoiling requirement for transposition. We find that the transposase MuA can recreate an essentially similar topology on nicked substrates, interwrapping both E-R and L-R twice but being unable to generate the single E-L crossing. In addition, we deduce that the functional MuA tetramer must contribute to three of the four observed crossings and, thus, to restraining the enhancer within the complex. We discuss the contribution of both MuA and DNA supercoiling to the 5-noded Mu synapse built at the 3-way junction.
Comparisons of molting diets on skeletal quality and eggshell parameters in hens at the end of the second egg-laying cycle

A study was conducted to evaluate skeletal quality and eggshell parameters of molted hens at the end of the second laying cycle. Sixty Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used for this study. There were 2 controls and 4 molting treatments: full-fed control 1 (82 wk old; FF1), full-fed control 2 (122 wk old; FF2), feed withdrawal (FW), 100% alfalfa (A100), 90% alfalfa/10% layer ration (A90), and 70% alfalfa/30% layer ration (A70). At the end of the second laying cycle (approximately 122 wk of age), hens were euthanized by CO2. Tibia and femur were collected. There were no differences in bone parameters between FF1 and FF2 (P > 0.05) hens. There were no differences in bone parameters among the different molting dietary treatments (P > 0.05). In the eggshell parameters, the FF2 hens exhibited heavier egg weights than the FF1 (P < 0.05), whereas the percentage shell and egg production of the FF1 birds were significantly higher than those of the FF2 birds. Shell weights of the FW and A90 birds were significantly heavier than that of the A100. The correlation analysis showed that overall bone parameters were negatively correlated with eggshell parameters. Bone parameters were highly correlated with each other. Shell weight, percentage shell, and shell thickness were positively correlated with each other, whereas egg weight was negatively correlated with percentage shell. These results suggest that age of hens and molting dietary treatments influence egg parameters, and eggshell formation is closely related to bone metabolism in laying hens.
Complimentary nature of wind and solar energy at a continental mid‐latitude station

Daily values of solar and wind energy have been used (i) to study renewable energy availability at various times of year, (ii) to test the level of persistence for inferences about the practicality of energy storage and (iii) to examine the complementary behaviour of these two daily time series on both seasonal and daily bases. Results for the station studied (central Iowa) show a bimodal distribution for winter solar energy, whereas non-winter solar and wind (all seasons) show unimodal distributions. Wind and solar energy were observed to be highly complementary on an annual basis, but only slightly complementary on a daily basis.
Diabetes Problem-Solving Scale Development in an Adult, African American Sample

PURPOSE The purpose of this pilot study was to examine psychometric properties of the Diabetes Problem-Solving Scale (DPSS), which was designed to assess how adults with type 2 diabetes approach and manage problems encountered in diabetes self-management. METHODS Participants were 64 African American adults with type 2 diabetes. The 30-item DPSS and measures of social problem solving, diabetes self-management, and depressive symptoms were administered. Blood samples were collected to measure hemoglobin A1C level. RESULTS Cronbach alpha for the DPSS total scale was .77 and ranged from .72 to .78 for subscales. Correlations of the DPSS total score and subscale scores with a standardized social problem-solving scale ranged from 0.30 to 0.46 (all P < .01). Higher DPSS total scores, indicating better self-reported diabetes problem solving, were associated with higher medication adherence, more frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose, and lower hemoglobin A1C level. Of the DPSS subscales, Impulsive Style, Negative Transfer of Past Experience/Learning, and Negative Motivation were differentially associated with reduced self-management and disease control. CONCLUSION The DPSS demonstrated acceptable total scale and subscale internal consistency, construct validity, and predictive validity in this pilot sample. The scale may have utility both in identifying associations between diabetes-related problem solving and self-management and in guiding problem solving interventions to improve self-management and control.
Planetary science: The Moon's tilt for gold.

The Moon's current orbit is at odds with theories predicting that its early orbit was in Earth's equatorial plane. Simulations now suggest that its orbit was tilted by gravitational interactions with a few large bodies. See Letter p.492
Developmental Guidelines for Children with Myelodysplasia

A new inventory of 166 milestones and developmental tasks was designed and given to parents of 173 children with myelodysplasia to use over a 2½-year period to record their children's development. The inventory included items in the categories of self-help (including independent toileting), personal-social development, and gross motor development. The children were placed in one of four subgroups according to their level of paralysis. For each motor-level group, the percentage of those performing each item at various ages was calculated. The ages of routine performance of selected self-help and personal-social items are reported for 20, 50, and 80 percent achievement for the children for whom the data were known. There was a tendency for the less paralyzed children to learn skills more quickly than their more paralyzed peers. However, the wide age ranges within groups for learning individual skills indicate that factors other than the level of paralysis affect the rate of development, and these factors need to be identified. The data provided represent a reasonable estimate of when children with varying degrees of paralysis can first be expected to perform developmental tasks. The tables can be used to establish learning objectives and programs so that more children with myelodysplasia can learn independence at an earlier age.
OPEN SOURCE PARADIGM: BEYOND THE SOLUTION TO THE SOFTWARE PATENTABILITY DEBATE

Around 300 BCE, a Greek mathematician, Euclid discovered a theorem on which modern geometry and a fundamental algorithm is based. Euclid’s theorem represents a method for calculating the greatest common divisors between two integers. Since 300 BCE, both Euclid’s Theorem and algorithm have been applied in many fields, including algebra and geometry. But what would have happened if Euclid’s Theorem had been patented? The issue is not whether we can continue to use Euclid’s Theorem without paying royalties, but if software and algorithms underlying the software are patentable. Although software is based on algorithms similar to the algorithm discovered by Euclid, in the United States software is generally patented. Open source paradigm, explored here, could resolve the software patentability issue, in addition to representing the best economic/social paradigm to apply in the technology industry. Android, Google’s open source operating system, for example, is installed in more than eighty percent of worldwide smartphones, showing that open source strategy is workable. The Web, developed by Tim Berners-Lee, is another of these examples. If the Web had been patented, innovation and the development of technology would inevitably have been compromised. Instead of patent protection, the United States legislature could guarantee software an adequate legal protection through copyrights.
The Effect of Vibrational Non-Equilibrium on the Decay of Grid Generated Turbulence

The effect of vibrational non-equilibrium on the decay of grid generated turbulence was experimentally studied. Varying degrees of vibrational non-equilibrium were introduced via radio frequency plasmas. The turbulence was quantified using particle image velocimetry. The results, though preliminary, demonstrated a clear coupling between thermal nonequilibrium and turbulence transport. The trends observed in the experiment agree with those expected based on an analysis of the Reynolds shear stress transport equation, which provides confidence in transport equation based modeling.
Orbital Lymphomas and Pseudolymphomas: A Clinicopathologic Study of Eleven Cases

Kelly, Arthur G., Rosas-Uribe, Arturo, and Kraus, Stephen T.: Orbital lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. A clinicopathologic study of eleven cases. Biopsy specimens from six patients with malignant lymphomas and five with pseudolymphomas of the orbit and periorbital tissues were studied. Of the six malignant lymphomas, three were histiocytic; one, lymphocytic well-differentiated; another, mixed lymphocytic–histiocytic, and the sixth, Burkitt’s type. Five specimens showed the morphologic characteristics of pseudolymphomas. A case of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) was also included for comparison. The age range of the patients was 7 to 74 years. Seven were male and five, female. An average radiotherapy dose of 3,500 rads was given to the patients with lymphomas, except for one who received 1,500 rads. The patients who had pseudolymphomas were treated surgically, and two of them also recevied an average of 3,200 rads. Three patients with malignant lymphomas died, one accidentally, without evidence of the disease, and one with widespread lymphoma at four months. Two patients, one with histiocytic lymphoma and another with Burkitt’s lymphoma, had no evidence of disease at five years. The patient with the well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma is disease-free at eight months. The patients with pseudolymphoma are free of disease, having had one single and one double recurrence, from one month to five years. Histochemistry was used in all cases and electron microscopy in one to verify the precise nature of the malignant cells, as light microscopy revealed a malignant round cell tumor difficult to classify. The histologic features that differentiated lymphomas from pseudolymphomas of the orbit are reviewed in detail.
Partners HealthCare. Creating and managing an integrated delivery system.

Supporting the "integration" of an integrated delivery system is an exceptionally complex and difficult challenge. Lack of organizational clarity about integration strategies and value, political challenges in effecting integration, the idiosyncratic and evolutionary nature of integration, and the technical challenges of integrating heterogeneous technologies all contribute to the scale of the challenge. Information systems integration strategies and tactics should be guided by overall concepts that frame the organization's understanding of the nature of integration. Effort must be directed to working with IDS leadership to define the approach to specific classes of integration, e.g., clinical integration. And, as always, one should learn from the experiences of others. While it may be difficult to fully define the value of integration in an IDS, the IDS seems to be a permanent feature of the healthcare landscape. And the integration of the IDS has value, value that is often nuanced, intangible, and complicated. Hence, the efficient and effective application of information systems to further integration is a critical organizational undertaking.
Genetic (co)variances among birth weight, 200-day weight, and postweaning gain in composites and parental breeds of beef cattle.

Genetic and environmental (co)variances for birth weight, adjusted 200-d weight, and postweaning gain were estimated in nine parental and three composite populations of beef cattle. The parental breeds were Angus (A), Braunvieh (B), Charolais (C), Gelbvieh (G), Hereford (H), Limousin (L), Pinzgauer (P), Red Poll (R), and Simmental (S). The composites were MARC I (1/4 B, 1/4 C, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A), MARC II (1/4 G, 1/4 S, 1/4 H, 1/4 A), and MARC III (1/4 R, 1/4 P, 1/4 H, 1/4 A). Heritabilities of additive direct genetic effects for birth weight (.50) and postweaning gain (.49) were greater than for 200-d weight (.32). Heritabilities of additive maternal effects of .09 for birth weight and .10 for 200-d weight were much smaller than direct effect heritabilities. Heritabilities were larger in composites than in parental breeds for additive direct effects of all three traits but smaller for maternal 200-d weight. Correlations were high and positive for direct genetic effects of the three weight traits and higher in composites than in the parental breeds. Correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects for both birth weight and 200-d weight were near zero. Some differences in variances among populations were correlated with differences in weight and milk yield. Heavier populations had larger variances, supporting the use of logarithmic transformation of weights to stabilize variances among genetic groups. Increased average milk yield was correlated with decreased phenotypic variance of 200-d weight. Average milk yield was also implicated in the expression of direct and maternal genetic effects for 200-d weight and their covariance. Comparison of univariate and multivariate estimates of genetic variances suggested that it is important to include birth weight in multivariate analyses of all weight traits to account for increased preweaning mortality of calves with extremely heavy or light birth weights. Based on heritability estimates, within-herd selection in composites should be at least as effective as in purebreds. Some differences among populations in genetic parameters were indicated, especially maternal 200-d weight and its correlations with other traits.
Surgery for unruptured aneurysms.

OBJECT Repair of unruptured aneurysms is a reasonable course of action if their expected natural history is worse than the predicted risks of treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the presenting symptoms of unruptured aneurysms and to test the hypothesis that unruptured intracranial aneurysms can be repaired without significant functional worsening. A second hypothesis was also examined-that is, that the experience of the surgeon, the aneurysm size, and the patient age can be used to predict functional outcome. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent repair of an onruptured intracranial aneurysm at a single institution between 1980 and 1998 were studied. Clinical and radiographic data were collected in all patients. Their modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was determined before treatment (baseline), at 6 weeks, and at 6 months. The primary endpoint for analysis was the mRS score. Four hundred forty-nine aneurysms were repaired in 366 patients by 10 surgeons. The mean size of the primary lesion repaired was 14.6 +/- 10.4 mm and 27% were judged to be symptomatic. Aneurysm treatment involved either microsurgical clipping (78%), wrapping (4%), trapping with or without bypass (5%), hunterian ligation with or without bypass (9%), or other methods (4%). The mRS scores at 6 weeks were worse than at baseline (p < 0.0001), but there was no significant difference between the baseline and 6-month mRS score. At 6 months, 94% of patients showed no significant functional worsening as a result of treatment. The number of aneurysms treated by a specific surgeon was a strong predictor of better functional outcome (r = 0.99, p = 0.05). Increasing patient age (r = 0.16, p = 0.003) and increasing aneurysm size (r = 0.15, p = 0.004) were predictors of worsened functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS Many unruptured aneurysms produce symptoms. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms can be treated without significant permanent functional worsening. The surgeon's experience, aneurysm size, and patient age are predictors of functional outcome.
Abstract CT035: A dose escalation trial of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775, gemcitabine, and concurrent radiation in locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Background: Gemcitabine based chemoradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is safe and effective, although most patients remain unresectable and freedom from local progression is not ensured. Targeting cell cycle checkpoints may enhance the efficacy of chemoradiation. Tumor cells commonly have an abnormal G1 checkpoint due to mutations in p53 or its pathway making them reliant on the G2 checkpoint to arrest and repair DNA damage after radiation. In our preclinical studies, WEE1 inhibition with AZD1775 abrogates the G2 checkpoint and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cell lines and xenografts to gemcitabine and radiation. Additionally, AZD1775 attenuates homologous recombination and promotes replication stress in cancer cells. Given these preclinical findings, we designed a phase I dose escalation study of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 in combination with gemcitabine and radiation in patients with LAPC (NCT02037230). Methods: The primary objective of this phase I study is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of AZD1775 combined with gemcitabine and radiation in patients with LAPC. Secondary objectives include estimation of the efficacy of this regimen at the target dose and to determine if WEE1 is inhibited by AZD1775 at or below its target dose in surrogate tissues. Protocol therapy consists of the administration of AZD1775 and gemcitabine at an assigned dose level in accordance with a Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method (TITE-CRM). Study treatment consists of four 21 day cycles. Gemcitabine is given on day 1 and day 8, and AZD1775 on days 1, 2 and 8, 9 of each cycle. Cycles 2 and 3 are administered with concurrent radiation, 52.5 Gy in 25 daily fractions to gross disease using volumetric modulated arc therapy to spare normal tissues. Following cycle 3, subjects have a 3 week break prior to cycle 4. The MTD will be determined by the development of dose limiting toxicities within the first 105 days of therapy with a target dose limiting toxicity rate of 25%. Tumor assessment using CT or MRI is performed at baseline, 1 month after radiation, and approximately every 3 months afterwards, with response characterized per RECIST. Blood samples obtained at baseline and after cycles 1, 2, and 4 will be used for correlative studies on circulating tumor cells and tumor derived exosomes. Target accrual is 36 patients; to date, 16 patients have been enrolled. Citation Format: Kyle C. Cuneo, Meredith Morgan, Matthew J. Schipper, Jonathan Maybaum, Mary U. Feng, Mahmoud Al-Hawary, Diane M. Simeone, Leah D. Olson, Vaibhav Sahai, Mark Zalupski, Theodore S. Lawrence. A dose escalation trial of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775, gemcitabine, and concurrent radiation in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr CT035.
Dimers of Nineteen-Electron Sandwich Compounds: An Electrochemical Study of the Kinetics of Their Formation

Rate constants for the dimerization of FeCp*C6H6, RuCp*mes, RhCp2, RhCp*Cp, and IrCp*Cp (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; mes = 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene; Cp = cyclopentadienyl) have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Rates increased in the order FeCp*C6H6 ≪ RhCp*Cp ∼ RhCp2 < RuCp*mes and IrCp*Cp. The difference in rates between the Rh compounds and the Ru and Ir species is consistent with the thermodynamic driving forces for dimerization estimated from DFT calculations. However, the sluggish dimerization of FeCp*C6H6 cannot be rationalized with purely thermodynamic considerations and may be attributable to the very different spin-density distribution in this species. On the basis of the activation parameters for dimerization, determined by variable temperature cyclic voltammetry, and those previously determined for dissociation of the corresponding dimer, the free energy of dimerization for the RhCp*Cp monomer was estimated to be −43 kJ mol–1, and the effective redox potential for the RhCp*Cp+/ 0.5(...
The optical design of the G-CLEF Spectrograph: the first light instrument for the GMT

The GMT-Consortium Large Earth Finder (G-CLEF), the first major light instrument for the GMT, is a fiber-fed, high-resolution echelle spectrograph. In the following paper, we present the optical design of G-CLEF. We emphasize the unique solutions derived for the spectrograph fiber-feed: the Mangin mirror that corrects the cylindrical field curvature, the implementation of VPH grisms as cross dispersers, and our novel solution for a multi-colored exposure meter. We describe the spectrograph blue and red cameras comprised of 7 and 8 elements respectively, with one aspheric surface in each camera, and present the expected echellogram imaged on the instrument focal planes. Finally, we present ghost analysis and mitigation strategy that takes into account both single reflection and double reflection back scattering from various elements in the optical train.
Exploring prediction techniques for compression of EEG signals

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) is a recording of the brain's electric activities. Since its discovery by Burger [1], many research activities have centered on how to automatically extract useful information about the brain's conditions based on the distinct characteristics of EEG signals.
PRECISE MEASUREMENT OF THE 2$sup 3$P$sub 0$--2$sup 3$P$sub 1$ FINE- STRUCTURE INTERVAL OF HELIUM.

The $2^{3}P_{0}\ensuremath{-}2^{3}P_{1}$ fine-structure interval ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{01}$ of helium has been measured by the atomicbeam optical-microwave magnetic-resonance method. The result is ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{01}=29616.864(36)$ MHz (1.2 ppm), in which the error is 1 standard deviation. This precision is more than a factor of 10 better than that obtained by any other method. Comparison with the present theoretical value of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{01}$ is given, and the possibility of obtaining a value for the fine-structure constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ accurate to better than 1 ppm from our experimental result is emphasized.
Competitive Growth of Chicken Skin Microflora and Clostridium botulinum Type E after an Irradiation Dose of 0.3 Mrad.

Chicken skins with chicken exudate were used as a model system to determine if low dose irradiation might cause a health hazard by eliminating the natural flora and allowing Clostridium botulinum type E spores, if present, to produce toxin in the absence of typical spoilage. Irradiation (0.3 Mrad, 5°C) reduced the natural flora from 104 to 106 to 10 to 500 cells/7 cm2, whereas C. botulinum type E (Beluga) spores were reduced only by one log10. At 10°C, the irradiation survivors of the natural flora were able to multiply and produce spoilage odors within 8 d, whereas the C. botulinum survivors could not produce toxin within 14 d. At an abuse temperature of 30°C, the natural survivors grew fas-than C. botulinum spores and produced an off-odor before the sample was toxic.
High-Speed Graphene Field Effect Transistors on Microbial Cellulose Biomembrane

For the goal of developing biocompatible sensors and electronics for in vivo applications, we report the first graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) fabricated on microbial cellulose (MBC), a biointegrative and ultraflexible biopolymer membrane. GFETs on MBC are fabricated in a wafer-scale using a transferred CVD graphene with a mobility of ${\rm{> 1700\,cm}}^{2}{\rm{/ Vs}}$ . With an excellent ohmic contact resistance of below ${\rm{0.1\,\Omega \,mm}}$ , and a high transconductance of ${\rm{G}}_{{\rm{m}}}\sim 260$ mS/mm with ${\rm{I}}_{{\rm{ds}}}\sim 380$ mA/mm at ${\rm{V}}_{{\rm{ds}}}\,= \,{\rm{1\,V}}$ , very promising RF performance was demonstrated. With a gate length of $2\,\mathrm{\mu} {\rm{m}}$ , a cut-off frequency of ${\rm{f}}_{{\rm{T}}}\sim 2.5$ GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency of ${\rm{f}}_{{\rm{max}}}\sim 7.2$ GHz were obtained without de-embedding. This corresponds to an extrinsic ${\rm{f}}_{{\rm{T}}}{\rm{\cdot L}}_{{\rm{g}}}$ of ${\rm{5\,GHz\cdot }}\mu {\rm{m}}$ , comparable to those reported for GFETs on other well-known flexible substrates. RF GFETs on the biointegrative MBC therefore show great promise for high-sensitivity and high-speed in vivo sensors and electronics applications.
Engineering and socio-economic aspects of sustainable energy

The key concepts in this paper are that there is plenty of fossil fuels for hundreds of years. The urgency of sustainable energy is from global warming, and equitable access to energy for all humanity. The way forward is to help the developing world (the 90% that dominates the future emissions) with "clean" energy rather than making the developed world clean (10% solution). This has to be done consistent with appropriate technologies, sound business plan, and market economy. There are several examples of technologies resulting from this methodology. The most difficult sustainable energy application is in transportation.
Analysis of thin films exhibiting large plastic deformation during nanoindentation: A modified Winkler approach

A novel method for the analysis of the mechanical properties of thin films is presented and uses a modified Winkler (bed of springs) approach to estimate indentation hardness and reduced modulus using nanoindentation data. This method is especially useful in situations where significant plastic deformation occurs in the thin film resulting in pileup of material and a divergence from accepted tip area calculations. The model has been adapted into a MATLAB® script and its derivation is presented. A proof of concept study was completed using Au thin films over a range of thickness and deposition methods. Results are compared with traditional nanoindentation analysis methods and validated against the Hall–Petch relationship. It can be seen that this modified Winkler approach accurately predicts material pile-up as well as contact area for films up to 500 nm in thickness.
Using Enzyme-based Biosensors to Measure Tonic and Phasic Glutamate in Alzheimer's Mouse Models

Neurotransmitter disruption is often a key component of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), playing a role in the pathology underlying Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. Traditionally, microdialysis has been the most common (lauded) technique to examine neurotransmitter changes that occur in these disorders. But because microdialysis has the ability to measure slow 1-20 minute changes across large areas of tissue, it has the disadvantage of invasiveness, potentially destroying intrinsic connections within the brain and a slow sampling capability. A relatively newer technique, the microelectrode array (MEA), has numerous advantages for measuring specific neurotransmitter changes within discrete brain regions as they occur, making for a spatially and temporally precise approach. In addition, using MEAs is minimally invasive, allowing for measurement of neurotransmitter alterations in vivo. In our laboratory, we have been specifically interested in changes in the neurotransmitter, glutamate, related to Alzheimer's disease pathology. As such, the method described here has been used to assess potential hippocampal disruptions in glutamate in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Briefly, the method used involves coating a multi-site microelectrode with an enzyme very selective for the neurotransmitter of interest and using self-referencing sites to subtract out background noise and interferents. After plating and calibration, the MEA can be constructed with a micropipette and lowered into the brain region of interest using a stereotaxic device. Here, the method described involves anesthetizing rTg(TauP301L)4510 mice and using a stereotaxic device to precisely target sub-regions (DG, CA1, and CA3) of the hippocampus.
A comprehensive performance comparison of RFI mitigation techniques for UWB radar signals

This paper presents a comprehensive benchmark comparison in objective as well as subjective performances of radio-frequency interference (RFI) suppression/extraction techniques for ultra-wideband (UWB) signals in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging applications. In this study, we employ two sets of UWB SAR signals: one simulated from a step-frequency radar setup, whereas the other is collected on the testing field in a real-world setup from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. Similarly, our RFI experiments involve two RFI data sets: one is simulated from a collection of randomly generated frequency bands and the other is the RFI data collected in a real-world environment with the radar receiving antenna pointing toward Washington DC. These SAR and RFI data sets represent four diverse experimental setups where we can carefully benchmark the denoising performance of several popular RFI-mitigation techniques in the current literature based on notch-filtering, principal component analysis (PCA), model-based sparse recovery, and simultaneous low-rank and sparse recovery or robust PCA (RPCA). We validate that RPCA and model-based sparse recovery consistently yields the best overall RFI separation performance on a wide range of settings in all data sets.
Coarse-Grained Model of the Dynamics of Electrolyte Solutions

Ion-specific solvation has fundamental implications in biochemistry, and the thermodynamics and dynamics of aqueous salt solutions have correspondingly been investigated intensively. Nonetheless, there are fundamental unresolved issues in modeling the dynamics of aqueous salt solutions and the related problem of polymers dissolved in these solutions. In particular, experiments show that the self-diffusion coefficient, D, of water molecules in electrolyte solutions can be either enhanced or suppressed by particular salts having the same valence where the observed changes correlate with the Hofmeister series governing the relative solubility of proteins and water-soluble polymers in the same salt solutions. Recent studies have demonstrated that common atomistic models of aqueous electrolyte solutions completely fail to reproduce this basic phenomenon. Drawing on similar trends observed in the field of polymer nanocomposites, we propose a coarse-grained model of aqueous electrolyte solutions that captures th...
The role of mentorship in a remote sensing research program for undergraduate minority students

The many applications of remote sensing techniques to unearth understanding of the environment has not only increased by leaps and bounds over the past two or so decades, but they have also now become indispensable to routine and comprehensive geophysical studies. Today, all geophysical disciplines utilize remote sensing applications in some form or another, and the trend in such usage is certainly expected to be positive going forward. It is, therefore, critical that the next generation of remote sensing tool developers and users be adequately attracted, recruited, retained, and trained to meet current 21st century environmental challenges and those challenges that lie ahead. It is also equally important (for a plethora of reasons) that this prospective new cohort of remote sensing developers and users be both ethnically diverse and highly skilled. To this end, the New York City College of Technology (City Tech) of the City University of New York has used a National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (NSF REU) grant to develop and implement an intrusive remote sensing research mentoring program that targets minority students. Programmatic results indicate that the remote sensing mentoring program has been highly successful in increasing the mentees' remote sensing knowledge and research skills, their communication of remote sensing concepts and ideas, and their research creativity, autonomy, and intellect.
Abstract 20228: Functional Contribution of the Fast Transient Outward Potassium Current to Repolarization in Non-Failing Human Ventricular Myocytes; A Dynamic Clamp Study

The Ca2+-independent transient outward potassium current (Ito) contributes to the early phase of action potential repolarization in many species, but the functional contribution of the current to r...
Gitelman syndrome: A case report of hypokalemic seizures in an adolescent male

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive tubular disorder with an incidence of 1 in 40,000. It is characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, with secondary hyperreninemia, which can easily be managed with a potassium (K+) sparing diuretic if correctly recognized, and with an understanding of the pathophysiology. A 17-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department after an episode of tonic-clonic seizure activity and subsequent loss of consciousness. Diagnosis of GS was made following persistent hypokalemia despite adequate repletion and further laboratory analysis. The patient was placed on a K+-sparing diuretic and had no further seizure activity. This case illustrates the importance of proper clinical and diagnostic evaluation of electrolyte abnormalities in all patients, especially in younger patients in whom early diagnosis can be crucial in preventing future complications. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Patient care.