cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Legal and Economic Critique of President Trump's China Trade Policies

The administration of President Donald J. Trump has warned that it supports an aggressive across the board tariff of 45% on all imports from China to neutralize the effects of China’s currency manipulation. However, such a tariff cannot withstand an economic and legal analysis. Fundamental economic principles indicate that China’s alleged currency devaluation cannot create a real long-term trade advantage and that the effects of currency devaluation have no real effect on the U.S.-China trade balance. Not only is currency manipulation not a cause of the U.S. trade deficit with China but the proposed remedy of a draconian 45% tariff will only create a grievous self-inflicted wound on the U.S. and global economy. From a legal perspective, a 45% tariff cannot be justified under the legal regime of the World Trade Organization as such a tariff runs afoul of the tightly regulated regime of authorized trade sanctions. As the proposed tariff cannot be justified from a legal or economic perspective it is not an advisable or appropriate response to China’s trade practices.
Mild Hydrothermal Synthesis of the Complex Hafnium-Containing Fluorides Cs2[M(H2O)6][Hf2F12] (M = Ni, Co, Zn), CuHfF6(H2O)4, and Cs2Hf3Mn3F20 Based on HfF7 and HfF6 Coordination Polyhedra.

A series of new Hf(IV)-containing fluorides with three different compositions, Cs2[M(H2O)6][Hf2F12] (M = Ni, Co, Zn), CuHfF6(H2O)4, and Cs2Hf3Mn3F20, were synthesized as high-quality single crystal...
Robots in the Home: A Novel Suite of Interactive Devices for Assisting with Disease Prevention and Meal Preparation

We describe the design, prototyping and testing of five robotic elements for in-home use. The robots are designed to be inexpensive and relatively simple. The set of elements is comprised of a robotic mosquito net system, an adaptive gripper, and several elements to assist in food preparation. Collectively, the elements form part of a wider home+ system being developed to aid people in everyday tasks within their own homes. Results from initial testing with prototypes of the robot elements are discussed.
Histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor: a report of two cases and a review of the differential diagnoses

Histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor is a recently described skeletal muscle neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, characterized by slow growth, a fibrous capsule containing peripheral lymphoid aggregates, spindle-to-epithelioid cells with a rhabdomyoblastic immunophenotype, and a dense histiocytic infiltrate. It most commonly arises within the muscles of the lower legs and trunk in young-to-middle-aged men, and initial reports suggest indolent behavior. In this paper, we present two additional cases of histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor with similar clinicopathologic features and discuss the differential diagnosis including its overlap with inflammatory leiomyosarcoma.
Drone Delivery of an Automated External Defibrillator

Drone Delivery of an Automated External Defibrillator Delivery of an AED by drone was compared with on-the-ground retrieval of a fixed-location AED for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in s...
Viral crosslinking and solid-phase purification enables discovery of ribonucleoprotein complexes on incoming RNA virus genomes

The initial interactions between incoming, pre-replicated virion RNA and host protein factors are important in infection and immunity. Yet currently there are no methods to study these crucial events. We established VIR-CLASP (VIRal Cross-Linking And Solid-phase Purification) to identify the primary viral RNA-host protein interactions. First, host cells are infected with 4-thiouridine (4SU)-labeled RNA viruses and irradiated with 365 nm light to crosslink 4SU-labeled viral genomes and interacting proteins from host or virus. The crosslinked RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are purified by solid-phase reversible immobilization (SPRI) beads with protein-denaturing buffers, and then identified by proteomics. With VIR-CLASP, only the incoming virion RNAs are labeled with 4SU, so crosslinking events specifically occur between proteins and pre-replicated virion RNA. Since solid-phase purification under protein-denaturing conditions, rather than sequence-specific nucleic acid purification, is used to pull-down total RNA and crosslinked RBPs, this method facilitates investigation of potentially all RNA viruses, regardless of RNA sequence. Preparation of 4SU-labeled virus takes ∼7 days and VIR-CLASP takes 1 day.
Macroscopic Entanglement Between YIG Samples Without Using Intrinsic Nonlinearities

We present a novel scheme to generate an entangled pair of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) samples in a cavity system which does not involve any nonlinearities. The generated macroscopic entanglement can survive up to 500mK.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Vaccination Rates in Alabama.

• COVID-19 has caused a drastic shift in healthcare delivery, including vaccination. • Pediatric vaccination rates in Alabama decreased between 50.8% and 59.2% in 2020. • Pediatric vaccination is vital to sustained public health. • Alternative ways to increase pediatric vaccination rates must be considered. • Routine vaccination cannot be deprioritized throughout the battle against COVID-19.
Beyond the Nuts and Bolts: Tele-Critical Care Patients, Workflows, and Activity Patterns.

Background: Tele-critical care (TCC) adoption has been slow since its emergence in the early 2000s. The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in telemedicine and may spur expansion or development of new TCC programs. This narrative addresses the Cleveland Clinic TCC service, (eHospital) to promote exchange of ideas to continually optimize the practice for current and future users. Methods: A descriptive narrative methodology is used in this report. Results: Cleveland Clinic's eHospital was established in 2014 to support nighttime critical care across system hospitals. It encompasses a tiered system of two-way audiovisual communication, telemetry, software platform that integrates the electronic health record, and a proprietary risk stratification algorithm for targeted electronic surveillance. The TCC team includes intensivists, advanced care providers, and registered nurses. Three coverage models evolved depending on onsite clinician availability. More than 133,000 patients have been served by eHospital to date, and span the typical spectrum of critical illness. Along with universal monitoring, ∼18% of patients received active interventions, the most common of which are categorized. Patterns of activity, typical workflows, and adaptations of bedside best practices are also described. Bookending the work shift are sign outs focused on pending critical issues, unstable patients, and those who can be triaged out of the intensive care unit. In between, TCC teams round periodically and interact with bedside teams. Conclusions: TCC adoption has proceeded slowly. Some acceleration is anticipated in a post-COVID-19 pandemic world. Our experience highlights operational practices that can facilitate successful TCC practice.
One Practice Week at a Glance

This feature encapsulates a week in the practice of one nurse. Stories of pain and fear, recovery and contentment reflected through the eyes of a nurse. Nursing Forum invites nurses in all settings to share their week with its readers.
The risks of polytetrafluoroethylene pledget use in tracheopexy.

Abstract Posterior tracheopexy, performed most often for intrinsic tracheomalacia, is a procedure that is gaining in popularity and application. In this procedure, pledgeted sutures are placed between the trachea and a more fixed structure, in order to provide the airway with greater patency. Polytetrafluoroethylene pledgets are readily available but risk migration into adjacent structures over time. We present a case of a pledget migrating in to the airway and presenting as an obstructing lesion that has required multiple repeat interventions. Given that bioabsorbable materials are available, surgeons should consider alternative pledgets for these patients.
On solving quantified bit-vector constraints using invertibility conditions

We present a novel approach for solving quantified bit-vector constraints in Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) based on computing symbolic inverses of bit-vector operators. We derive conditions that precisely characterize when bit-vector constraints are invertible for a representative set of bit-vector operators commonly supported by SMT solvers. We utilize syntax-guided synthesis techniques to aid in establishing these conditions and verify them independently by using several SMT solvers. We show that invertibility conditions can be embedded into quantifier instantiations using Hilbert choice expressions and give experimental evidence that a counterexample-guided approach for quantifier instantiation utilizing these techniques leads to performance improvements with respect to state-of-the-art solvers for quantified bit-vector constraints.
Acceptance of Implicit and Explicit eWOM: a Factor Based Study of Social Networking Sites

Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) has gained an inescapable attention among both practitioners and academia. Its importance lies in its simplicity yet profound impact on customers’ attitude toward specific brands or goods, and consequently affecting important concepts such as customer loyalty and intention to purchase. Recently Social Networking Sites (SNS) have emerged as platforms to spread eWOM; however, less attention has been paid towards the persuasiveness of eWOM in SNS. Therefore, using the theoretical lens of Elaboration Likelihood Model, this study tries to identify factors that affect acceptance of implicit and explicit eWOM. It contributes to the existing literature on eWOM by suggesting two distinct types of eWOMimplicit and explicit, and by identifying central and peripheral routes of ELM that would have impacts on their acceptance.
What is minimal monitoring

The definition of what constitutes minimal monitoring rests not so much on a scientific analysis of physiologic variables and their specificity, sensitivity, and predictiveness, but more on a usage pattern in a given community or country. In the United States, the minimal monitoring standards accepted in the majority of institutions and used for routine anesthesia care of patients not classified as high risk include (1) the alert anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist observer, (2) an electrocardiogram, (3) a blood pressure measuring device, and (4) an oxygen analyzer in the breathing circuit. To this basic cluster of monitors can be added a finger plethysmograph, a neuromuscular junction monitor, a temperature probe, and an esophageal/precordial stethoscope which are used in many communities. In the near future we expect to see a capnograph and a pulse oximeter added to this list, and later on the automated anesthesia record.
Isolation, Cultural Maintenance, and Taxonomy of a Sheath-Forming Strain of Leptothrix discophora and Characterization of Manganese-Oxidizing Activity Associated with the Sheath.

Leptothrix discophora SP-6 was isolated from the outflow reservoir of an artificial iron seep. Its sheathforming phenotype was maintained by slow growth in a mineral salts-vitamin-pyruvate medium under minimal aeration at 20 to 25°C. A sheathless variant, SP-6(sl), was isolated from smooth colonies that appeared on spread plates after rapid growth of SP-6 in well-aerated cultures. SP-6 and SP-6(sl) are closely related but not identical to the previously studied sheathless strain SS-1 (ATCC 43182). Increasing Mn2+ concentrations in the growth medium of SP-6 increased the phase density of the sheath, indicating increased Mn oxide deposition in the sheath. Electron microscopy of cultures grown without added Mn2+ revealed that the sheath consisted of a well-defined inner layer, 30 to 100 nm thick, and a diffuse outer capsular layer of variable thickness. Mn oxides were identified in the sheath by their characteristic ultrastructure, electron density, and X-ray-dispersive energy spectra. In heavily encrusted sheaths, the Mn oxides were evenly distributed in both layers of the sheath. Sheathed cells retained more Mn-oxidizing activity than did sheathless cells after washing with distilled, deionized water; the sheath retained some of its activity after an EDTA-lysozyme-detergent treatment which removed the cells. An ultrafiltration-dialysis procedure significantly increased the recovery of activity from spent media of SP-6 over that reported previously for SS-1 (L.F. Adams and W.C. Ghiorse, J. Bacteriol. 169:1279-1285, 1987). A 108-kDa Mn-oxidizing protein was identified in concentrated spent media of SP-6 and SP-6(sl), and the activity of the concentrates showed stability in detergents comparable to that of SS-1 and patterns of heat inactivation and chemical inhibition similar to those of SS-1.
Science, Fashion, Knowledge and Imagination: Shopfront Natural History in 19th-Century Sydney

Natural history dealers' shops offered colour, interest and occasional sensation to the people of mid-nineteenth century Sydney. This essay examines the nature of shop-front natural history enterprise in this period, and its significance in the history of the city and the wider colony. It begins by discussing dealers and their businesses, going on to argue for the role both played in the ongoing process of colonisation. In particular, it highlights the contribution made to those aspects of territorial appropriation which were taking place in the imaginations of Sydney's inhabitants.
A study of entropy sources in cloud computers: random number generation on cloud hosts

Cloud computing hosts require a good source of cryptographically strong random numbers. Most of the standard security practices are based on assumptions that hold true for physical machines, but don't translate immediately into the domain of virtualized machines. It is imperative to reconsider the well accepted security practices that were built around physical machines, and whether blind application of such practices results in the possibility of a data breach, machine control, or other vulnerabilities. Because of Cloud computers reliance on virtualization, access to the hardware based random number generator is restricted, and virtualization can have unforeseen effects on the operating system based random number generator. In this paper, the entropy pool poisoning attack is introduced and studied and a Cloud Entropy Management System is proposed. Extensive experimental study verified that there are measurable problems with entropy in Cloud instances, and the management system effectively solves them.
Fourth Amendment Satisfaction -- The 'Reasonableness' of Digital Searches

The Fourth Amendment regulates – at least in part – the search and seizure of such evidence. This article discusses the Supreme Court’s only major decision in this area, Riley v. California, 134 S. Ct. 2473 (2014), and its impact on the evolution of the judicial treatment of Fourth Amendment satisfaction issues regarding governmental efforts to obtain digital evidence. Prior to Riley, the Supreme Court provided virtually no guidance and there was a fundamental split in the lower courts on how to treat governmental acquisition of digital evidence. Two principal approaches emerged. One view asserts that a computer – or any digital device – is a form of a container and that the data in electronic storage in that device are mere forms of documents. A second view maintains that searches for data require a "special approach," which supports new Fourth Amendment rules to regulate searches and seizures of digital evidence. Underlying that approach, in large part, is a concern for broad searches akin to general searches and unfettered application of the plain view doctrine. In my view, the proper view is that data searches are governed by the same Fourth Amendment rules regulating containers and document searches. However, what the prevalence of the acquisition of digital evidence teaches us is that some of those traditional rules need to be rethought and modified – yet, they still regulate all searches and seizures. The Court’s decision in Riley is here used to illustrate that view within the context of searches incident to arrest.
Experiments in machine learning using artificial neural networks for control and image compression

This article presents two computer projects which can be incorporated in an undergraduate course in artificial neural networks. These projects allow students to explore both the exciting possibilities and practical limitations of machine learning using the popular back-prop algorithm. In the first project, a neural net is trained in real-time to control a ball balanced on a beam by observing the actions of a human operator. In the second project, a bottle-neck-type neural net is trained for the task of image compression. Once completed, both these projects can be used to visually demonstrate both the process and power of machine learning to a nontechnical audience, including, for example, non-engineering undergraduate students, and even high-school students.
Principles and Strategies for Reforming the Core Curriculum at a Catholic College or University.

The core curriculum is essential for the flourishing of a Catholic college or university, as it is one of the most visible ways in which a distinctive vision becomes incarnate. Catholic colleges tend to offer some mission-centered majors and minors, but the core is what is present for all students. The core is not only significant, but also complex, for the process of developing, revising, implementing, and overseeing the core brings together what is not always in harmony: the college’s vision, administrative structures, departmental interests and priorities, faculty capacities, and student needs and preferences. Most colleges revisit their core on a regular basis. What principles and strategies might guide those discussions? What might the vision look like, and what might be realizable? This paper examines those questions and, above all, explores the meta-issues of reforming and fostering a curriculum, beginning with the question of leadership and ending with practical questions of faculty development. I give less attention to the question of which courses Catholic liberal arts colleges should require, though I do explore options, including a modifi cation of the widespread tendency to delegate all mission courses to philosophy and theology.
Preparation and properties of plasma-deposited films with surface energies varying over a wide range

Polymer surfaces have been modified by chemical reaction or thin film deposition using a capacitatively coupled plasma RF-discharge system. This has allowed the production of a graded, reproducible series of surfaces with surface energies ranging from low to high. Three gases, hexafluoroethane (C2F6), perfluoropropane (C3F8), and hexafluoropropene (CF3CFCF2), were used to prepare the low-energy surfaces. Ethylene oxide (C2H4O) was used to prepare the higher energy surfaces. Intermediate values of surface energy were obtained by using gas mixtures of perfluoropropane and ethylene oxide. The plasma-deposited films were characterized by ESCA and contact-angle studies. In the low-energy range, the critical surface tension (γc) values of the films prepared were found to be lower than those for Teflon. For the higher energy surfaces, values up to about 45 dyn/cm were obtained. Addition of oxygen to the plasma permitted the production of films with still higher γc values. ESCA studies indicate that, under the reaction conditions used, C3F8 and CF3CFCF2 form a fluoropolymer deposit on glass that is at least 100 A thick. For the same reaction parameters, C2F6 resulted in more etching and deposition of a much thinner film.
The vector string descriptor as a tool in the analysis of cellular automata systems

Abstract A major impediment in the application of cellular spaces to the modeling of biological phenomena and other physical processes has been the lack of tools which relate global to local behavior. In this paper, the vector string descriptor is introduced as a tool for the analysis of cellular spaces similar to those studied by S. Ulam. With such a tool, it is quite straightforward to show the existence of global properties which would otherwise be very difficult to prove. For example, a conjecture by Ulam concerning the density of cells in a “growth” pattern is shown to be true. We also show that a self-reproduction process occurs which allows regeneration of specific patterns from “cuttings” of those patterns.
The Nursing Shortage: Not Just a Problem for Nursing

Various factors can be cited that contribute to the current nursing shortage. In this article, the authors present reasons for the shortage that have less to do with the numbers of nurses and patients and more to do with the structures and processes imbedded in health care delivery today. Factors that are discussed include the business model of health care and entrenched interests within the health care system. The authors recommend that health care professionals, nurses, and physicians unite to promote change within the healer-patient relationship that forms the moral foundation for care providers.
Selecting Aluminum Alloys to Resist Failure by Fracture Mechanisms

Abstract Useful information and guidelines are presented for engineers who wish to minimize fracture problems in aluminum engineering structures through better application of materials knowledge and optimum alloy choice. Consideration is given to methods and examples of characterizing fracture resistance of aluminum alloys including interpretations of data addressing basic design approaches. Specific attention is given to trade-offs among properties of strength, fracture toughness, corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and fatigue in structural aluminum materials.
Understanding internet recruitment via signaling theory and the elaboration likelihood model

Abstract A detailed model specifying the linkages between Internet recruitment websites and organizational attraction was examined. Participants (N = 581) viewed Fortune 500 company websites and responded to questions about the content and design of these websites and their resulting attitudes, fit perceptions, and organizational attraction. Results showed that recruitment website content and design influence attitudes toward the recruitment websites, organizational attitudes, and subsequently organizational attraction. The moderating effects of person-organization (P-O) and person-job (P-J) fit were examined. Two sets of hypotheses based on signaling theory ( Spence, 1973 , Spence, 1974 ) and the elaboration likelihood model ( Petty & Cacioppo, 1981 ) were largely supported. Consistent with signaling theory, the amount of job and organizational information on a recruitment website interacted with website usability, such that when less job information was presented, website usability played a greater role in predicting favorable attitudes towards the organization. Consistent with the elaboration likelihood model, when P-J fit was high, website aesthetics were less important in predicting attitudes towards the organization.
Absence of Mycobacterium bovis in Feral Swine (Sus scrofa) from the Southern Texas Border Region

Free-ranging wildlife, such as feral swine (Sus scrofa), harbor a variety of diseases that are transmissible to livestock and could negatively impact agricultural production. In- formation is needed regarding the exposure and infection rates of Mycobacterium bovis and many other diseases and parasites in feral swine occurring in the Texas border region. Our main objective was to determine exposure rates and possible infection rates of M. bovis in feral swine by opportunistically sampling animals from the Texas border region. From June to September 2010, we obtained samples from 396 feral swine and tested 98 samples for M. bovis by histopathology and mycobacteriologic culture. We found no evidence of M. bovis infection. We believe that it is important to periodically and strategically sample feral swine for M. bovis in high-risk areas of the United States because they are capable of becoming reservoirs of the disease.
Probing the gravitational scale via running gauge couplings

According to a recent paper by Robinson and Wilczek, the leading gravitational corrections to the running of gauge couplings tend to reduce the values of the couplings at energies below the gravitational scale, defined to be the energy above which gravity becomes strongly interacting. If the physical gravitational scale is sufficiently low, as conjectured in certain extra-dimension models, this behavior of the gauge couplings can be measured in future high energy experiments, providing a way to determine where the gravitational scale lies. We estimate that measurements of the fine structure constant at the Large Hadron Collider and the proposed International Linear Collider energies can probe the gravitational scale up to several hundred TeV, which will be the most stringent test that can be obtained in the conceivable future.
In vitro determination of bacterial sensitivity to aureomycin.

Summary1. Gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli were tested turbidimetrically for aureomycin sensitivity. The inhibitory levels were .02 to .05 μg per ml for S. aureus, 0.1 μg per ml for enterococcus, and 0.5 μg per ml for Sal. Panama and E. coli.2. Aureomycin was not inhibited by the presence of blood or serum in the medium.3. Increased length of incubation and addition of serum or blood to the medium resulted in higher levels of inhibition, particularly with the plate method. An explanation of this effect is offered.4. Tryptone glucose extract agar was used for a plate method, Values were higher and less consistent than with the turbidimetric technic
Large Wavelength Convection Rolls in Low Prandtl Number Fluids

By extending the parameter range of the previous numerical stability analysis of convection rolls (Clever and Busse, 1974) a new instability has been found. In low Prandtl number fluids this instability, called the skewed varicose instability, causes an increase of the wavelength of convection rolls with increasing Rayleigh number. A comparison between theoretical results and experimental observations shows good agreement.
Inpatient rehabilitation approach for a young woman with conversion hemiparesis and sensory deficits

In the treatment of conversion disorder, the inpatient rehabilitation setting supports interdisciplinary functional goals and a structured approach consistent with encouraging psychological well-being. This case presentation illustrates 1 approach to the rehabilitation of hemiparesis secondary to conversion disorder that includes a behavioral management plan, as well as protocols for "learning to walk" and "learning to use your arm." We provide a practical starting point for advancing function in patients with conversion disorder when functional loss is present in both upper and lower extremities.
Witness-Based Detection of Forwarding Misbehaviors in Wireless Networks

We consider the problem of identifying a node that incorrectly forwards packets in a static wireless ad hoc network. We propose a detection scheme that identifies a misbehaving node based on observations made by neighboring nodes (witnesses) near the forwarding node. Without longterm or cumulative observation, the proposed scheme makes an instantaneous decision about whether a node is correctly forwarding a packet. Through extensive analysis under various threat scenarios, we show that our scheme can unambiguously identify a misbehaving node when there is no collusion. We analyze our scheme's detection accuracy accounting for the lossy nature of wireless links, finding that our scheme can achieve high detection accuracy while incurring low communication overhead.
New, male-specific microsatellite markers from the human Y chromosome

Seven novel microsatellite markers have been developed from a new cosmid library constructed from flow-sorted human Y chromosomes. These microsatellites are tetranucleotide GATA repeats and are polymorphic among unrelated individuals. Five of the seven markers are male-specific, with no PCR product being generated from female DNA. One marker produces male-specific, polymorphic PCR products but occasionally produces a much larger, invariant product from female DNA. The remaining marker is polymorphic in both males and females with many shared alleles between the sexes. This report of six new, male-specific markers doubles the number of tetranucleotide markers that are currently available for the human Y chromosome. These new markers will be valuable where nonrecombining, gender-specific DNA markers are desired, including forensic investigations as well as studies of populations and their evolutionary histories.
Pallidotomy and bradykinesia Implications for basal ganglia function

Background and Objective: The scientific rationale for pallidotomy as a treatment for PD is that the lesion will reduce excessive tonic inhibition of the thalamus, thereby allowing movement to proceed more normally. If true, then PD patients who move slowly while on medication should increase movement speed following pallidotomy. To test this we used a simple motor task to determine if pallidotomy leads to an improvement in "on" motor performance when those movements are impaired before surgery. Methods: Nine patients with PD performed elbow flexion movements "as fast as possible" while they were "on" before and 1 month after pallidotomy. Patients with mild PD and healthy control subjects were also tested. Results: The clinical effects of pallidotomy were typical of those found in other studies. "Off" Unified Parkinson9s Disease Rating Scale scores improved and dyskinesias were reduced. Although before surgery the patients were far slower while they were "on" than the groups of mild PD patients and healthy control subjects, there was no change in mean peak velocity while they were"on" after pallidotomy. There was no change in other mean "on" motor performance measures such as peak acceleration, peak deceleration, initiation time, and symmetry. There was a decrease in the variability of peak acceleration, symmetry, and initiation time. Conclusion: Despite the clinical efficacy of pallidotomy while patients were "off", bradykinesia of elbow flexion movements while patients were "on" is not affected by pallidotomy. Therefore, we conclude that the bradykinesia observed in this experiment is due to a mechanism other than excessive tonic inhibition of the motor thalamus. Our results are consistent with the idea that pallidotomy reduces the noise from the abnormally functioning basal ganglia.
Efecto de una pauta de beta-bloqueantes en la regulación de la frecuencia cardíaca perioperatoria y resultados clínicos en cirugía vascular: comparación aleatorizada

No esta bien definida la estrategia posologica optima de los beta-bloqueantes durante el perioperatorio para alcanzar de forma segura el objetivo de frecuencia cardiaca (FC) que recomiendan las directrices actuales. Se evaluo una pauta posologica perioperatoria de un beta-bloqueante ajustada para la FC frente a una pauta con dosis fija en funcion de los resultados clinicos, la FC postoperatoria, y las complicaciones relacionadas con el beta-bloqueante. Los pacientes (n = 64) citados para someterse a una cirugia vascular de riesgo moderado o alto y sin contraindicaciones para el beta-bloqueo fueron distribuidos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos, uno en el que se administro una dosis fija de beta-bloqueante y otro en el que se administro una dosis ajustada a la FC. El seguimiento de los resultados clinicos y de las FC se realizo desde el preoperatorio inmediato hasta las 24 h del postoperatorio. Se detecto una diferencia significativa en la FC media entre ambos grupos posologicos durante el postoperatorio inmediato (70,1 frente a 58,2 latidos por minuto [lpm] para los grupos de dosis fija y ajustado a la FC, respectivamente; p = 0,012) pero en ningun otro momento del estudio. Sin embargo, la estrategia ajustada a la FC provoco una reduccion significativa en el porcentaje de determinaciones de FC > 80 lpm (34,5 frente a 16,1%, p
Ethanol Inhibition of Granulocyte Adherence

ABSTRACT Ethanol inhibits granulocyte adherence (GA) in whole blood. To determine the mechanism, GA was measured by the nylon fiber assay. In vitro addition of 300 mg/dl ethanol to whole blood caused a 28.1% decrease of GA compared with the control value (p
A new thrombolytic regimen for acute myocardial infarction using combination half dose tissue-type plasminogen activator with full dose streptokinase: a pilot study

Because a previous study utilizing a combination of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and urokinase demonstrated reduced reocclusion rates compared with rates obtained with rt-PA alone, this study was conducted to determine whether the combination of rt-PA and streptokinase might achieve similar results at reduced cost. Forty patients with acute myocardial infarction were treated with a 1 h infusion of rt-PA (50 mg) and streptokinase (1.5 million U) administered within 6 h (mean 3.6 +/- 1.2) of symptom onset. Emergency coronary arteriography revealed patency of the infarct-related artery in 30 (75%) of 40 patients. With the addition of coronary angioplasty in those who had unsuccessful thrombolytic reperfusion, the early patency rate was increased to 98%. In-hospital mortality rate (2.5%) and the incidence of significant bleeding requiring transfusion (15%) were low. Angiographically documented reocclusion of the infarct vessel occurred in 3 (8%) of 37 patients by day 7. Regional wall motion of the infarct zone improved by 0.9 +/- 0.9 SD/chord (p less than 0.0005), and ejection fraction increased 3.6 +/- 8% units (p less than 0.05) between immediate and day 7 studies. In contrast to the price of full dose rt-PA ($2,300) or rt-PA with urokinase ($3,500), the cost of this regimen was $1,230. This pilot study demonstrates that at half the cost, a combination of half dose rt-PA with full dose streptokinase offers high infarct vessel patency, recovery of ventricular function, a low rate of reocclusion and few bleeding complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Projections on spaces of holomorphic functions on certain domains in C 2

(1992). Projections on spaces of holomorphic functions on certain domains in C 2. Complex Variables, Theory and Application: An International Journal: Vol. 17, No. 3-4, pp. 223-233.
REGGE POLES AND INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HIGH ENERGIES

The Regge pole hypothesis is applied to some inelastic processes at high energies. Particular attention is given to production of pion-nucleon resonances N* in the reaction N+N→N+N*. Data on production of the I=1/2 resonances are interpreted in terms of exchange of the "Pomeranchuk" Regge pole which is believed to be responsible for the diffraction peaks in elastic reactions, and production of the 3-3 resonance is interpreted in terms of exchange of the pion Regge pole. The prediction is obtained that production and decay of the I=1/2 resonances provides secondary pions and neutrons with energies that rise proportionally to the incident proton energy—a result of interest in connection with the secondary beams in future accelerators.
Regularized Kernel Regression for Image Deblurring

The framework of kernel regression [1], a non- parametric estimation method, has been widely used in different guises for solving a variety of image processing problems including denoising and interpolation [2]. In this paper, we extend the use of kernel regression for deblurring applications. Furthermore, we show that many of the popular image reconstruction techniques are special cases of the proposed framework. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
The excitation function for the 89Y(n, 2n)88Y reaction

Abstract Activation cross sections for the 89 Y(n, 2n) 88 Y reaction at neutron energies between 12.6 and 17.8 MeV have been measured by using the mixed-powder method and γ-ray detection by a Ge(Li) spectrometer. Using the 27 Al(n, α) 24 Na reaction for monitoring the neutron flux, the measured cross-section values for the 89 Y(n, 2n) 88 Y reaction were found to be 331±32 mb, 603±58 mb, 820±79 mb, 1040±100 mb, 1072±103 mb, 1172±112 mb, 1221±117 mb and 1218±117 mb at the respective incident neutron energies of 12.6±0.1 MeV, 13.3±0.1 MeV, 14.0±0.4 MeV, 14.9±0.3 MeV, 15.1±0.3 MeV, 16.0±0.4 MeV, 16.7±0.5 MeV and 17.8±0.7 MeV. The measured values are compared with the experimental values of others and with the theoretical values obtained from calculations based on the statistical model for the formation of a compound nucleus and its subsequent emission of neutrons.
Cardiac Anatomy Viewed Systematically with Two Dimensional Echocardiography

The details of three-dimensional cardiac anatomy are complex, and structure recognition is difficult in tomograms produced with recently developed two-dimensional ultrasonic sector scanners. This article presents a method we have found useful for systematic inclusion of most cardiac structures during such echocardiographic examinations. Orthogonal planes, aligned parallel and perpendicular to the long or major left ventricular axis, are obtained from each of three transducer positions on the body surface. Moving this X-Y image plane through the heart perpendicular to the plane (Z axis) allows the viewer to integrate the images into a mental picture of the whole structure. The illustrations are oriented as they are displayed by ultrasonic sector scanners so they aid rapid recognition of cardiac structures.
Molecular basis and fitness implications of the interplay between light and the regulation of iron homeostasis in photosynthetic organisms

Photosynthetic organisms respond to changes in the external environment, including responses to changes in light color, light intensity and nutrient availability. Iron is one of the nutrients that is critical for the function of photosynthetic organisms, primarily due to the high demand for iron in the photosynthetic photosystems, electron transport chains of plastids and mitochondria, and the structural and functional roles for iron in many critical proteins. Given the connection between iron demands and light-dependent processes such as photosynthesis, as well as the interplay between light and iron, there is a need for finely tuned co-regulation of light and iron acclimation responses to optimize photosynthesis and minimize potential dangerous interactions between iron and light. Such regulation is critical for balancing light and nutrient availability in the coordination of light-dependent aspects of organismal fitness. To accomplish this regulation, there is molecular crosstalk and/or common effectors in light signaling and iron acclimation control. We explore known paradigms that are central to light–iron interactions and the associated regulation of fitness in photosynthetic organisms.
Doppler for growth restriction: the association between the cerebroplacental ratio and a reduced interval to delivery.

Doppler for growth restriction: the association between the cerebroplacental ratio and a reduced interval to delivery
Reinforcing communication skills while registered nurses simultaneously learn course content: a response to learning needs

Abstract This article describes the implementation and evaluation of Integrated Skills Reinforcement (ISR) in a baccalaureate nursing course entitled “Principles of Health Assessment” for 15 registered nurse students. ISR is a comprehensive teaching-learning approach that simultaneously reinforces student writing, reading, speaking, and listening skills while they learn course content. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of ISR on writing skills and student satisfaction. A learner's guide and teacher's guide, created in advance by the teacher, described specific language activities and assignments that were implemented throughout the ISR course. During each class, the teacher promoted discussion, collaboration, and coinquiry among students, using course content as the vehicle of exchange. Writing was assessed at the beginning and end of the course. The influence of ISR on the content, organization, sentence structure, tone, and strength of position of student writing was analyzed. Writing samples were scored by an independent evaluator trained in methods of holistic scoring. Ninety-three per cent (14 of 15 students) achieved writing growth from .5 to 1.5 points on a scale of 6 points. Student response to both the ISR approach and specific ISR activities was assessed by teacher-created surveys administered at the middle-end of the course. One hundred per cent of the students at the end of this project agreed that the ISR activities, specifically the writing and reading activities, helped them better understand the course content. These responses differed from evaluations written by the same students at the middle of the course. The ISR approach fostered analysis and communication through active collaboration, behaviors cited as critical for effective participation of nurses in today's complex health care environment.
Deliberation to Enhance Awareness of and Prioritize Socioeconomic Interventions for Health

Health disparities are, to a large extent, the result of socio-economic factors that cannot be entirely mitigated through the health care system. While an array of social services are thought to be necessary to address the social determinants of health, budget constraints, particularly in difficult economic times, limit the availability of such services. It is therefore necessary to prioritize interventions through some fair process. While it might be appropriate to engage in public deliberation to set priorities, doing so requires that the public accept such a deliberative process and appreciate the social determinants of health. We therefore analyzed the results of a study in which groups deliberated to prioritize socio-economic interventions to examine whether these two requirements can possibly be met and to explore the basis for their priorities. A total of 431 residents of Washington, D.C. with incomes under 200% of the federal poverty threshold participated in 43 groups to engage in a hypothetical exercise to prioritize interventions designed to ameliorate the social determinants of health within the constraints of a limited budget. Findings from pre- and post-exercise questionnaires demonstrate that the priority setting exercise was perceived as a fair deliberative process, and that following the deliberation, participants became more likely to agree that a broad number of determinants contribute to their health. Qualitative analysis of the group discussions indicate that participants prioritized interventions that would provide for basic necessities and improve community conditions, while at the same time addressing more macro-structural factors such as homelessness and unemployment. We conclude that engaging small groups in deliberation about ways to address the social determinants of health can both change participant attitudes and yield informed priorities that might guide public policy aimed at most affordably reducing health disparities.
Impact of surgical margin status on long-term cancer control after radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether previously described technical modifications that significantly decreased the positive surgical margin (PSM) rate have translated into improved long-term cancer control, as SM status is generally recognized as an independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence (BR) after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), and is the only factor that can be modified by surgical technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between March 1994 and December 2004, 996 consecutive patients had RRP as the sole treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer. The surgery was done by one surgeon (C.B.B.) and the data were prospectively reviewed. RESULTS The overall PSM rate was 8.8%; the PSM rate by pathological stage was 1.7%, 24.2% and 27.1% for men with pT2, pT3a and pT3b disease, respectively (P < 0.001). In all, 968 of 996 (97.2%) patients were available for the follow-up (mean 6.4 years); 69 of 883 (7.8%) with negative SMs (NSMs) developed BR, vs 29 of 85 (34%) with PSMs (P < 0.001). The actuarial 5- and 10-year biochemical disease-free survival was 92.1% and 89.6%, and 70.6% and 59.9%, for patients with NSM and PSM, respectively (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, PSM, pathological stage and Gleason grade were the strongest predictors of BR (P < 0.001). The preoperative prostate-specific antigen level, and clinical stage T1c and T2a disease were not associated with recurrence. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for BR in patients with PSMs was 3.27 (2.1–5.1). CONCLUSIONS RRP including the previously described surgical modifications not only decreased the PSM rate but also resulted in excellent long-term cancer control. The importance of meticulous surgical technique in RRP cannot be overemphasised.
Efficient sampling designs for microbial processes: a case study

Abstract We describe a method for determining optimal sampling designs for experiments involving subsampling in stages. An optimal sampling design either maximizes the precision of the results for a given amount of experimental effort (time, money) or minimizes the effort required to achieve a specified level of precision. The optimization method utilizes information on (i) the cost of obtaining a sample at each stage and (ii) the variability of the data attributable to each sampling stage. To illustrate the method, we use effluent suspended cell data from a packed-bed bioreactor. The sample design involved three stages. First, three primary samples were collected from the reactor. Second, each reactor sample was subsampled in triplicate and a specified volume of each subsample was passed through a filter. Third, the bacteria of the filter were counted in each of ten microscopic fields, each field representing the same proportion of the filter area. The optimization analysis, applied to the mean of the log-transformed bacterial counts, showed that the precision of the sample mean could be substantially improved by expending more sampling effort on the first stage and less on the second and thir stages. We also show how the optimization analysis can be applied to other response measurements (e.g., total organic carbon, soluble organic carbon and glucose concentration) and sampling designs involving other numbers of subsampling stages.
Pronase digestion of amino-acid binding components on the surface of Bacillus subtilis cells and minicells

Abstract The addition of 250 μg/ml pronase to either cells or minicells of Bacillus subtilis does not interfere with growth, macromolecular synthesis or maintenance of cell integrity. Radioactive amino acids such as proline or isoleucine taken up by cells or minicells are bound to surface components which prevent their release by washing. Pronase treatment causes the release of a significant percentage of these bound amino acids. In cells and minicells exposed to pronase before the addition of labeled amino acids, initial binding capacities are greatly reduced. These data suggest a new approach to the investigation of amino acid binding components on the surface of Bacillus subtilis .
Icodextrin Simplifies PD Therapy by Equalizing UF and Sodium Removal Among Patient Transport Types During Long Dwells: A Modeling Study.

♦ BackgroundIn recent years, results from clinical studies have changed the focus of peritoneal dialysis (PD) adequacy from small solute clearance to volume control, resulting in continued efforts ...