cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Sensitivity of an Intermediate Model of the Midlatitude Troposphere's Equilibrium to Changes in Radiative Forcing*

The sensitivity of the equilibrated state of a dry high-resolution quasigeostrophic b-plane channel model, coupled to both a simplified model of the atmospheric boundary layer and an interactive static stability, to changes in forcings is investigated. An earlier study with the same model found that with standard parameter values, the potential vorticity in the center of the channel just above the atmospheric boundary layer was homogenized. The new experiments show that this result is robust does not vary strongly with variations in forcing over a wide range of forcing parameters. This is so even though the meridional temperature gradients and static stability are generally sensitive to the forcing; that is, the changes in these cooperate to keep the meridional potential vorticity gradient zero. The potential vorticity gradients at higher levels are also robust although nonzero. The homogenization in the lower troposphere does disappear if the differential diabatic heating is decreased sufficiently or if the tropopause level is lowered sufficiently. The model results are also used to assess proposed parameterizations of eddy effects. Stone’s parameterization of the meridional eddy heat flux is most successful at reproducing the model’s results for most of the experiments. However, no parameterizations of the eddy heat flux captured the results of the experiments in which the diabatic heating timescale was varied. In these experiments, changes in the eddy heat fluxes kept the tropospheric temperature structure essentially unchanged even though the timescale changed from 5 to 80 days.
Therapeutic Hypothermia After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Critique

More than 210,000 in-hospital cardiac arrests occur annually in the United States. Use of moderate therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in comatose survivors after return of spontaneous circulation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA) caused by ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia is recommended strongly by many professional organizations and societies. The use of TH after cardiac arrest associated with nonshockable rhythms and after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IH-CA) is recommended to be considered by these same organizations and is being applied widely. The use in these latter circumstances is based on an extrapolation of the data supporting its use after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with shockable rhythms. The purpose of this article is to review the limitations of existing data supporting these extended application of TH after cardiac arrest and to suggest approaches to this dilemma. The data supporting its use for OOH-CA appear to this author, and to some others, to be rather weak, and the data supporting the use of TH for IH-CA appear to be even weaker and to include no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or supportive observational studies. The many reasons why TH might be expected to be less effective following IH-CA are reviewed. The degree of neurologic injury may be more severe in many of these cases and, thus, may not be responsive to TH as currently practiced following OOH-CA. The potential adverse consequences of the routine use of TH for IH-CA are listed and include complications associated with TH, interference with diagnostic and interventional therapy, and use of scarce personnel and financial resources. Most importantly, it inhibits the ability of researchers to conduct needed RCTs. The author believes that the proper method of providing TH in these cases needs to be better defined. Based on this analysis the author concludes that TH should not be used indiscriminantly following most cases of IH-CA, and instead clinicians should concentrate their efforts in conducting high-quality large RCTs or large-scale, well-designed prospective observation studies to determine its benefits and identify appropriate candidates.
Client Perjury: The Kutak Commission and the Association of Trial lawyers on lawyers, lying Clients, and the Adversary System

Attorney involvement in client perjury is a restive issue that does not admit of easy resolution. Many other issues are addressed by the Kutak Commission, in its proposed revision of the American Bar Association's recommended rules of attorney conduct.2 But few have raised such a spirited professional3 and public' debate as the Commission's broad proposal for required disclosure of client dishonesty. Whistle blowing by counsel is mandated in some instances,5 permitted in the attorney's discretion in others.' Counsel for parties in negotiation are
Validation of surrogate endpoint biomarkers in prostate cancer chemoprevention trials

Phase 2 cancer chemoprevention trials are designed to provide estimates of the efficacy of an agent at a specified dose, and the expected size of the risk reduction that may be achieved in a subsequent phase 3 randomized trial. To allow these trials to be rapid and efficient, the study outcome is modulation of a surrogate endpoint biomarker (SEB), that is, a molecular event assumed to be on the causal pathway between the chemopreventive agent and the desired reduction in cancer incidence. However, SEBs commonly used in prostate cancer chemoprevention studies, such as prostate-specific antigen, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, proliferation, and apoptosis, have not been validated by documenting that changes in the SEBs ultimately translate to decreased prostate cancer risk. Because of uncertainty in the pathway from SEBs to cancer, additional considerations are necessary to permit valid inferences from phase 2 trial data. This article considers the framework underlying validation and use of SEBs in specific chemoprevention models and methodologic issues in quantifying the effect of an agent. In particular, inferences depend on whether a single pathway involving the SEBs is assumed to mediate the effect of the agent on cancer incidence. If there are competing pathways of equal or greater importance than the one involving the candidate SEB, then the estimate of chemopreventive efficacy will be biased and may greatly underestimate the magnitude of the achievable risk reduction. Strategies for validating biomarkers and minimizing the degree of bias in the risk reduction estimate are discussed. Finally, problems associated with phase 2 study designs commonly used for prostate cancer chemoprevention are discussed, along with possible solutions.
Proton MRS of the unilateral substantia nigra in the human brain at 4 tesla: Detection of high GABA concentrations

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), the cause of which is unknown. Characterization of early SN pathology could prove beneficial in the treatment and diagnosis of PD. The present study shows that with the use of short-echo (5 ms) Stimulated-Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) spectroscopy and LCModel, a neurochemical profile consisting of 10 metabolites, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), and glutathione (GSH), can be measured from the unilateral SN at 4 tesla. The neurochemical profile of the SN is unique and characterized by a fourfold higher GABA/Glu ratio compared to the cortex, in excellent agreement with established neurochemistry. The presence of elevated GABA levels in SN was validated with the use of editing, suggesting that partial volume effects were greatly reduced. These findings establish the feasibility of obtaining a neurochemical profile of the unilateral human SN by single-voxel spectroscopy in small volumes.
OVERVIEW OF OTTO-JOACHIM GRUSSER'S WORK

usser for his unique ability to balance the complexities of his career with the simpler and more enjoyable aspects of life. He often reminded us that the defining criterion for selecting a research project is that it should be both adventurous and speculative. Even his insistence on maintaining an upper hand was done with a sense of humor. Days of exhausting experiments, typically ending at 4 in the morning, would end with an invitation to Gr¨ usser’s house for South German bread and wine. Laborious research was always recognized by an annual party hosted by him and his wife where students and colleagues would enjoy the finest German food and music. In the field of science, O.-J. Gr ¨ usser will likely be best re
Analysis of Human Cell Heterokaryons Demonstrates that Target Cell Restriction of Cyclosporine-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutants Is Genetically Dominant

The host cell protein cyclophilin A (CypA) binds to CA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and promotes HIV-1 infection of target cells. Disruption of the CypA-CA interaction, either by mutation of the CA residue at G89 or P90 or with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CsA), reduces HIV-1 infection. Two CA mutants, A92E and G94D, previously were identified by selection for growth of wild-type HIV-1 in cultures of CD4 + HeLa cell cultures containing CsA. Interestingly, infection of some cell lines by these mutants is enhanced in the presence of CsA, while in other cell lines these mutants are minimally affected by the drug. Little is known about this cell-dependent phenotype of the A92E and G94D mutants, except that it is not dependent on expression of the host factor TRIM5α. Here, we show that infection by the A92E and G94D mutants is restricted at an early postentry stage of the HIV-1 life cycle. Analysis of heterokaryons between CsA-dependent HeLa-P4 cells and CsA-independent 293T cells indicated that the CsA-dependent infection by A92E and G94D mutants is due to a dominant cellular restriction. We also show that addition of CsA to target cells inhibits infection by wild-type HIV-1 prior to reverse transcription. Collectively, these results support the existence of a cell-specific human cellular factor capable of restricting HIV-1 at an early postentry step by a CypA-dependent mechanism.
Single beam effects due to errors in crab compensation

Errors in a crab compensation scheme such as betatron phase advance errors will lead to shape and orientation changes of a bunch. These changes can be computed in a systematic manner. >
Estimation Methods for Quality Factors of Inductors Fabricated in Silicon Integrated Circuit Process Technologies

By examining uses of quality ( ) factors for in- ductors in silicon integrated circuit design, new methods for estimating quality factors are proposed. These methods extract factors by numerically adding a capacitor in parallel to measured data of an inductor, and by computing the fre- quency stability factor and 3-dB bandwidth at the resonant frequency of the resulting network. These parameters are then converted to effective quality factors using relationships for simple parallel RLC circuits. By sweeping the numerically added capacitance value, effective quality factors at varying frequen- cies are computed. These new techniques, in addition to being more relevant for circuit design, provide physically reasonable estimates all the way up to the self-resonant frequencies of inductors. At moderate to high frequencies, the commonly used definition can significantly underestimate and can even give unreasonable results. Data obtained using the new methods suggest that quality factors remain high and integrated inductors remain useful all the way up to their self- resonant frequencies, contrary to the behavior obtained using . These indicate that the commonly used technique can lead to improper use and optimization of integrated inductors.
Stimulated-emission pumping spectroscopy of jet-cooled C 3 : antisymmetric stretch–bend levels

We present a study of jet-cooled C3 in which stimulated-emission pumping spectroscopy is used to probe rovibrational levels at energies up to 8930 cm−1 in the ground state. Stimulated-emission pumping spectra are reported for pump bands in the A˜1Πu−X˜1Σg+ system and for dump transitions that terminate in the bending progressions of states with two and four quanta of antisymmetric stretch. These spectra are used to determine the rovibrational term energies over the range J = 2 to J = 12 for the antisymmetric stretch–bend levels, 0υ2 (υ = 0 to υ = 8) and 0υ4 (υ = 0 to υ = 14). These data clearly illustrate that the effective bending potentials in the 002 and the 004 states have substantial barriers to linearity.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in multiple myeloma and other hematopoietic malignancies.

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic peptide with biologic effects that include regulation of hematopoietic stem cell development, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammatory cytokine generation. The importance of angiogenic factors such as VEGF, while clearly established in solid tumors, has not been fully elucidated in human hematopoietic neoplasms. Human hematopoietic tumor cell lines, representing multiple lineages and diseases, produce and secrete VEGF and express at least one of its two receptors. Exposure of human vascular endothelial cells to VEGF increased the expression of several hematopoietic growth factors known to be involved in myeloma including interleukin-6 (IL-6). Bone marrow samples from patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma were examined for expression of VEGF and its receptors. VEGF protein production was detected in malignant plasma cells from 78% of the myeloma patients studied. While expression of the Flt-I and KDR receptors was not observed in the malignant plasma cells, both were markedly elevated in the normal marrow myeloid and monocytic cells surrounding the tumor. In bone marrow clot sections from normal allogeneic donors, low-intensity cytoplasmic VEGF expression was detected infrequently in isolated myelocytes, macrophages, and megakaryocytes. In vitro colony-forming assays using patient-derived material revealed that antibody neutralization of VEGF resulted in an inhibition of colony growth, whereas the addition of recombinant human VEGF stimulated colony formation. Neutralization of VEGF activity also suppressed the generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-I β (IL-I β) from bone marrow mononuclear cells. These data raise the possibility that VEGF may play a role in the growth of hematopoietic neoplasms such as multiple myeloma through paracrine and perhaps autocrine mechanisms.
Proof of a tiling conjecture of Komlós

A conjecture of Komlos states that for every graph H, there is a constant K such that if G is any n-vertex graph of minimum degree at least (1 (1/ cr(H)))n, where cr(H) denotes the critical chromatic number of H, then G contains an H-matching that covers all but at most K vertices of G. In this paper we prove that the conjecture holds for all sufficiently large values of n.
Polyimide structure–property relationships. I. Polymers from fluorene-derived diamines†

A series of fluorene and fluorenone diamines were polymerized with two aromatic dianhydrides, and the resulting polyamic acids were cyclodehydrated to aromatic polyimides. A study of the mechanical properties of the polyimide films disclosed they are among the stiffest reported to date, with an excellent retention of rigidity at elevated temperatures. Comparisons of the tensile properties and glass transition temperatures of the fluorene-derived polymer films with those from the corresponding open-chain polyimide films established that the unusual rigidity, especially at elevated temperatures, was in large part due to the contribution of the bulky, tricyclic fluorene (one) moieties in the polymer structures.
A note on CFT dual of RS model with gauge fields in bulk

It has been conjectured that the (weakly coupled) Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with gauge fields in the bulk is dual to a (strongly coupled) 4D conformal field theory (CFT) with an UV cut-off and in which global symmetries of the CFT are gauged. We elucidate features of this dual CFT which are crucial for a complete understanding of the proposed duality. We argue that the limit of no (or small) brane-localized kinetic term for bulk gauge field on the RS side (often studied in the literature) is dual to no bare kinetic term for the gauge field which is coupled to the CFT global current. In this limit, the kinetic term for this gauge field in the dual CFT is ``induced'' by CFT loops. Then, this CFT loop contribution to the gauge field 1PI two-point function is dual (on the RS side) to the full gauge propagator (i.e., including the contribution of Kaluza-Klein and zero-modes) with both external points on the Planck brane. We also emphasize that loop corrections to the gauge coupling on the RS side are dual to sub-leading effects in a large-N expansion on the CFT side: these sub-leading corrections to the gauge coupling in the dual CFT are (in general) sensitive to the strong dynamics of the CFT.
Ultra low-power phase-locked loops

This paper presents the design of an ultra low power phase-locked loop (PLL) targeted for a frequency range of 16 kHz-120 kHz. The PLL forms a critical component of a low power, tunable, narrow-band sonar receiver system intended to track small aquatic animals. The system is a versatile data logger capable of sensing and storing a variety of biologically interesting data such as geographic position, ambient temperature, pressure, salinity, etc. To reduce power dissipation, the PLL has been designed using CMOS logic, and all active analog components are operated in the sub-threshold region. The PLL circuit has been prototyped on a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS test chip. The PLL is powered by a 3V supply voltage and dissipates around 5 /spl mu/W of power.
The Efficacy of Alternative Instruction Modes in Economics

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of campus, online, and hybrid instruction. The sample consists of graduate students enrolled in economic courses at a regional university. Assessment of enrollment, attrition, grade distribution, faculty evaluation, and course evaluation across the various instruction modes is presented. The online mode is shown to have the highest enrollment rate but performs below average on three of the six assessment criteria. Holding constant ability, effort, and demographic considerations, students enrolled in the online course scored over eight percent lower on a comprehensive final exam than campus students and five percent lower than hybrid students. Student performance on the final exam is not statistically different when the campus and hybrid modes are compared.
Do Habitat and Geographic Distribution Influence Decreased Seed Viability in Remnant Populations of a Keystone Bunchgrass

Wiregrass ( Aristida stricta ) is an important species for restoration of imperiled pine-grassland ecosystems. However, in situ and ex situ seedling establishment is problematic due to highly variable germination. I assessed seed lot quality with respect to the production of viable and non-viable seeds from seven remnant wiregrass populations occurring in xeric or mesic habitats throughout Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Additionally, I investigated the incidence of contamination and germination following surface sterilization. Approximately 55 to 90% of seeds were non-viable due to lack of seed fill and fungal contamination. The number of empty seeds always outweighed that of infected seeds. Populations were similar for seed lot quality when grouped by habitat. Alternatively, populations were heterogeneous for seed lot quality when grouped by geographic region. Seeds from all populations were infected with Curvularia and most were infected with Sorosporium . Surface sterilization with up to a 10% bleach solution did not eliminate pathogens on otherwise viable, healthy seeds suggesting that internal seed tissues may have harbored infection. The high level of non-viable seeds implies that large quantities of seeds are required in order to meet restoration objectives and that caution should be exercised if inter-population seed movement is needed.
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Reduces Mucus and Intermicrovillar Bridges in Human Stem Cell-Derived Colonoids

Background & Aims Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) causes over 70,000 episodes of foodborne diarrhea annually in the United States. The early sequence of events that precede life-threatening hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome is not fully understood due to the initial asymptomatic phase of the disease and the lack of a suitable animal model. We determined the initial molecular events in the interaction between EHEC and human colonic epithelium. Methods Human colonoids derived from adult proximal colonic stem cells were developed into monolayers to study EHEC-epithelial interactions. Monolayer confluency and differentiation were monitored by transepithelial electrical resistance measurements. The monolayers were apically infected with EHEC, and the progression of epithelial damage over time was assessed using biochemical and imaging approaches. Results Human colonoid cultures recapitulate the differential protein expression patterns characteristic of the crypt and surface colonocytes. Mucus-producing differentiated colonoid monolayers are preferentially colonized by EHEC. Upon colonization, EHEC forms characteristic attaching and effacing lesions on the apical surface of colonoid monolayers. Mucin 2, a main component of colonic mucus, and protocadherin 24 (PCDH24), a microvillar resident protein, are targeted by EHEC at early stages of infection. The EHEC-secreted serine protease EspP initiates brush border damage through PCDH24 reduction. Conclusions Human colonoid monolayers are a relevant pathophysiologic model that allow the study of early molecular events during enteric infections. Colonoid monolayers provide access to both apical and basolateral surfaces, thus providing an advantage over three-dimensional cultures to study host–pathogen interactions in a controllable and tractable manner. EHEC reduces colonic mucus and affects the brush border cytoskeleton in the absence of commensal bacteria.
The Art and Science of Learning, Teaching, and Delivering Feedback in Psychosomatic Medicine.

Background The teaching and learning of psychosomatic medicine has evolved with the better understanding of effective teaching methods and feedback delivery in medicine and psychiatry. Objectives We sought to review the variety of teaching methods used in psychosomatic medicine, to present principles of adult learning (and how these theories can be applied to students of psychosomatic medicine), and to discuss the role of effective feedback delivery in the process of teaching and learning psychosomatic medicine. Methods In addition to drawing on the clinical and teaching experiences of the authors of the paper, we reviewed the literature on teaching methods, adult learning theories, and effective feedback delivery methods in medicine to draw parallels for psychosomatic medicine education. Results We provide a review of teaching methods that have been employed to teach psychosomatic medicine over the past few decades. We outline examples of educational methods using the affective, behavioral, and cognitive domains. We provide examples of learning styles together with the principles of adult learning theory and how they can be applied to psychosomatic medicine learners. We discuss barriers to feedback delivery and offer suggestions as to how to give feedback to trainees on a psychosomatic medicine service. Conclusions The art of teaching psychosomatic medicine is dynamic and will continue to evolve with advances in the field. Psychosomatic medicine educators must familiarize themselves with learning domains, learning styles, and principles of adult learning in order to be impactful. Effective feedback delivery methods are critical to fostering a robust learning environment for psychosomatic medicine.
Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy for Non-Dilated Esophageal Achalasia in Children with Intraoperative Stepped Dilation Under Image Guidance: Attempting Complete Myotomy

Abstract This study presents a modified surgical approach to laparoscopic myotomy for achalasia using stepped dilation with a Rigiflex balloon and contrast medium under image guidance. A 10-year-old boy with persistent dysphagia and vomiting had ingested only liquids for 3 months, losing >10 kg in body weight. Barium swallow and esophageal manometry diagnosed esophageal achalasia with mild esophageal dilatation. After failed pneumatic dilatation, laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication was performed. Prior to surgery, a Rigiflex balloon dilator was placed within the esophagus near the diaphragmatic hiatus. A four-port technique was used, and mobilization of the esophagus was limited to the anterior aspect. A 5-cm Heller myotomy was performed, extending another 2 cm onto the anterior gastric wall. During myotomy, the Rigiflex balloon was serially dilated from 30 to 50 mL, and filled with contrast medium under fluoroscopic image guidance in order to maintain appropriate tension on the esophagus ...
On the Interplay Between Individuals’ Evolving Interaction Patterns and Traits in Dynamic Multiplex Social Networks

The interplay between individuals’ social interactions and traits has been studied extensively but traditionally from static or homogeneous social network perspectives. The recent availability of dynamic and heterogeneous (multiplex) network data has introduced a variety of new challenges. Critically, novel computational models are needed that can cope with data dynamics and heterogeneity. In this paper, we introduce a computational framework that is broadly applicable to a variety of dynamic, multiplex domains, which focuses on: 1) measuring changes in node interaction patterns with time, 2) clustering nodes with similar evolving patterns, and 3) linking the clusters with trait similarities. We apply the framework to study the interplay between evolving topology and traits in an 18-month social network dataset encompassing both digital communications and co-location instances. Notably, we demonstrate how our framework captures results that would otherwise be missed by a simpler approach such as static network analysis alone. In addition, we uncover network-trait interplays that have not been studied to date and could lead to novel insights by domain scientists.
Current and future treatment options for managing hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is associated with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and increased mortality. Hyperkalemia is most often observed in patients with chronic kidney disease and/or in those with congestive heart failure being treated with drugs that limit renal potassium excretion, especially drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Treatment of hyperkalemia may be either acute, as needed during rapid changes in serum potassium, which are associated with cardiac arrhythmia, or chronic, which stabilizes serum potassium levels and limits the development of life-threatening arrhythmias. There are a number of both acute and chronic treatments available for the treatment of hyperkalemia, but some are limited by complex administration requirements and/or serious side effects. Hyperkalemia remains a vexing problem for clinicians, particularly in the care of patients with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
Low Volume Applications to Citrus Trees: Effectiveness in Control of Citrus Red Mite and California Red Scale with Petroleum Oils and Pesticides

Low volume sprays (LV = 50–100 gal/acre total spray) of petroleum oil and pesticides were applied to citrus trees to determine their effect on populations of citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), and California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell). Selection of LV equipment and its rate of travel, operating pressure, and the size of the nozzle orifices as well as their placement on the equipment was based on spray distribution studies. LV applications of most evaluated acaricides and the petroleum oil fractions effectively controlled citrus red mite. California red scale was not effectively controlled by LV applications of petroleum oils, malathion, azinphosmethyl, and carbaryl, but this scale was effectively controlled by the LV applications of parathion and by certain combinations of oil and malathion, oil and azinphosmethyl, or oil and carbaryl.
A Discourse on the Discordant State of Collecting Domestic Digital Duties

Current statutes taxing inter-state e-commerce are facially unconstitutional because they violate the Commerce Clause by creating serious burdens on interstate commerce through requiring foreign corporations to collect sales taxes on e-commerce regardless of whether they have a substantial nexus within the taxing states and violate Federal Legislation. State and Federal courts across the country have come to different conclusions regarding this topic. Congress has not yet resolved this public policy issue in part because technology has been moving faster than legislation has been enacted. As a result of the recent economic downturn and states’ fiscal duress, this matter's significance is increasing as more states enact legislation that tax inter-state e-commerce. An equitable remedy is warranted for all unconstitutional duties that harm taxpayers and litigation including class action suits by consumers and merchants may be used as a strategy to resolve and obtain redress in the future. Should states be required to refund duties paid by businesses or taxpayers, these governments must adhere to the doctrines of prospective retroactivity. In the event that states are deemed liable to refund these unconstitutional state taxes, the liabilities will further exacerbate some states’ fiscal condition.
Design of Telemetry Network for Large Hydrologic Data Acquisition System of Cascade Hydropower Stations

Taking the hydrologic data acquisition system of cascade hydropower stations on the downstream of the Jinshajiang River for example,the telemetry requirement of a large hydrologic data acquisition system of cascade hydropower stations is introduced. The characteristics of and difficulties in the system design are also analyzed. The corresponding solutions for the difficulties in telemetry networking,design of scheduling,receiving of ack and compression format of data packet are put forward. This paper provides experience for the construction of similar systems.
BUILDING CAPACITY IN REFLECTIVE PRACTICE: A TIERED MODEL OF STATEWIDE SUPPORTS FOR LOCAL HOME-VISITING PROGRAMS.

This preliminary study examines an initiative to further develop capacity in reflective practice among public health home visitors and their supervisors. A Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Expansion Grant to the Minnesota Department of Health funded the development of a tiered structure to support reflective practice within county public health agencies throughout the state. Study data revealed a general consensus among individuals at all levels of the county programs that state supports were adequate to implement reflective practice. Although there were no significant changes in home-visitor and supervisor scores on a standardized measure linked to reflective functioning and reflective practice, a majority of home visitors and supervisors perceived that their knowledge and skills in reflective practice had increased during the evaluation period. A standardized measure of employee burnout did not reveal significant changes in either “depersonalization” (indicating burnout) or “personal accomplishment” (a mitigating factor in burnout) subscales; however, home visitor “emotional exhaustion” subscale scores did increase over the evaluation period. In contrast to the subscale results, home visitors reported a sense of accomplishment in their reflective work and that they value “releasing” emotions in a safe environment during reflective supervision.
TRIPS: Fifteen Years Later

Fifteen years ago trade negotiators signed off on the most comprehensive multilateral intellectual property agreement in history. It was both sweeping in scope and legally binding. Hailed as a major change to international market regulation at the time, in retrospect it looks like a relatively timid and permissive agreement. In the years since, advocates for ever-higher standards of property protection aggressively pushed their agendas through bilateral (Bilateral Trade Agreements, Bilateral Investment Agreements, and European Partnership Agreements), regional (Free Trade Agreements), and plurilateral negotiations (Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership).I begin by discussing forum-shifting and regime complexity. I then show how that “5%” that TRIPS advocates did not get in the Uruguay Round routinely has been inserted into regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements. I will discuss top-down vertical forum shifting in greater detail, as this has been intellectual property rationers’ preferred strategy in the face of multilateral stalemate. Instances of extreme vertical forum shifting - what I call “going granular” - will highlight the pervasiveness of this technique. Finally the paper will conclude by discussing some domestic innovations in India and China that have the potential to have a broader impact on the intellectual property policymaking arena.
Current Developments in Nutrition: A New Journal Designed for the Open-Access Era.

![Figure][1] Dear members and friends of ASN: I am delighted to introduce you to Current Developments in Nutrition ( CDN )[3][2], the most recent addition to the ASN family of journals serving the worldwide nutrition community. I am Jack Odle, Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry in the
CRISPR Knockout of the HuR Gene Causes a Xenograft Lethal Phenotype

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, whereas colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer. The RNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) supports a pro-oncogenic network in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer cells through enhanced HuR expression. Using a publically available database, HuR expression levels were determined to be increased in primary PDA and colorectal cancer tumor cohorts as compared with normal pancreas and colon tissues, respectively. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was successfully used to delete the HuR gene in both PDA (MIA PaCa-2 and Hs 766T) and colorectal cancer (HCT116) cell lines. HuR deficiency has a mild phenotype, in vitro, as HuR-deficient MIA PaCa-2 (MIA.HuR-KO(-/-)) cells had increased apoptosis when compared with isogenic wild-type (MIA.HuR-WT(+/+)) cells. Using this isogenic system, mRNAs were identified that specifically bound to HuR and were required for transforming a two-dimensional culture into three dimensional (i.e., organoids). Importantly, HuR-deficient MIA PaCa-2 and Hs 766T cells were unable to engraft tumors in vivo compared with control HuR-proficient cells, demonstrating a unique xenograft lethal phenotype. Although not as a dramatic phenotype, CRISPR knockout HuR HCT116 colon cancer cells (HCT.HuR-KO(-/-)) showed significantly reduced in vivo tumor growth compared with controls (HCT.HuR-WT(+/+)). Finally, HuR deletion affects KRAS activity and controls a subset of pro-oncogenic genes.Implications: The work reported here supports the notion that targeting HuR is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat GI malignancies. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 696-707. ©2017 AACR.
Detecting alternatively spliced transcript isoforms from single‐molecule long‐read sequences without a reference genome

Alternative splicing (AS) is a major source of transcript and proteome diversity, but examining AS in species without well-annotated reference genomes remains difficult. Research on both human and mouse has demonstrated the advantages of using Iso-Seq™ data for isoform-level transcriptome analysis, including the study of AS and gene fusion. We applied Iso-Seq™ to investigate AS in Amborella trichopoda, a phylogenetically pivotal species that is sister to all other living angiosperms. Our data show that, compared with RNA-Seq data, the Iso-Seq™ platform provides better recovery on large transcripts, new gene locus identification and gene model correction. Reference-based AS detection with Iso-Seq™ data identifies AS within a higher fraction of multi-exonic genes than observed for published RNA-Seq analysis (45.8% vs. 37.5%). These data demonstrate that the Iso-Seq™ approach is useful for detecting AS events. Using the Iso-Seq-defined transcript collection in Amborella as a reference, we further describe a pipeline for detection of AS isoforms from PacBio Iso-Seq™ without using a reference sequence (de novo). Results using this pipeline show a 66%-76% overall success rate in identifying AS events. This de novoAS detection pipeline provides a method to accurately characterize and identify bona fide alternatively spliced transcripts in any nonmodel system that lacks a reference genome sequence. Hence, our pipeline has huge potential applications and benefits to the broader biology community.
Imperatives for Teacher Education: Findings from Studies of Effective Teaching for English Language Learners

The teacher is the key actor in addressing the learning needs of students who are acquiring English as an additional language in school. This chapter examines the role of the teacher in addressing these needs and the imperatives for teacher education in fulfilling that role.
Blockade of the 5-HT transporter contributes to the behavioural, neuronal and molecular effects of cocaine.

Background and Purpose The psychostimulant cocaine induces complex molecular, cellular and behavioral responses as a consequence of inhibiting presynaptic dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin (5-HT) transporters. To elucidate 5-HT transporter (SERT)-specific contributions to cocaine action, we evaluated cocaine effects in the SERT Met172 knock-in mouse, which expresses a SERT coding substitution that eliminates high-affinity cocaine recognition. Experimental Approach We validated the impact of SERT Met172 on cocaine antagonism of 5-HT re-uptake using ex vivo synaptosome preparations and in vivo microdialysis. We assessed SERT-dependence of cocaine actions behaviorally through acute and chronic locomotor activation, sensitization, conditioned place preference (CPP), and oral cocaine consumption. We implemented c-Fos, quantitative RT-PCR, and RNA sequencing approaches for insights into cellular and molecular networks supporting SERT-dependent cocaine actions. Key Results SERT Met172 mice demonstrated functional insensitivity for cocaine at SERT. Though they displayed wildtype levels of acute cocaine-induced hyperactivity or chronic sensitization, the pattern of acute motor activation was distinct, with a bias toward thigmotaxis. CPP was increased, and a time-dependent elevation in oral cocaine consumption was observed. SERT Met172 mice displayed relatively higher levels of neuronal activation in the hippocampus, piriform cortex and prelimbic cortex (PrL), accompanied by region-dependent changes in immediate early gene (IEG) expression. Distinct SERT-dependent gene expression networks triggered by acute and chronic cocaine administration were identified, including PrL Akt and nucleus accumbens ERK1/2 signaling. Conclusion and Implications Our studies reveal distinct SERT contributions to cocaine action, reinforcing the possibility of targeting specific aspects of cocaine addiction by modulation of 5-HT signaling.
Preventability of early vs. late readmissions in an academic medical center

Background It is unclear if the 30-day unplanned hospital readmission rate is a plausible accountability metric. Objective Compare preventability of hospital readmissions, between an early period [0–7 days post-discharge] and a late period [8–30 days post-discharge]. Compare causes of readmission, and frequency of markers of clinical instability 24h prior to discharge between early and late readmissions. Design, setting, patients 120 patient readmissions in an academic medical center between 1/1/2009-12/31/2010 Measures Sum-score based on a standard algorithm that assesses preventability of each readmission based on blinded hospitalist review; average causation score for seven types of adverse events; rates of markers of clinical instability within 24h prior to discharge. Results Readmissions were significantly more preventable in the early compared to the late period [median preventability sum score 8.5 vs. 8.0, p = 0.03]. There were significantly more management errors as causative events for the readmission in the early compared to the late period [mean causation score [scale 1–6, 6 most causal] 2.0 vs. 1.5, p = 0.04], and these errors were significantly more preventable in the early compared to the late period [mean preventability score 1.9 vs 1.5, p = 0.03]. Patients readmitted in the early period were significantly more likely to have mental status changes documented 24h prior to hospital discharge than patients readmitted in the late period [12% vs. 0%, p = 0.01]. Conclusions Readmissions occurring in the early period were significantly more preventable. Early readmissions were associated with more management errors, and mental status changes 24h prior to discharge. Seven-day readmissions may be a better accountability measure.
Uncertainty Quantification Study of CTF for the OECD/NEA LWR Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling Benchmark

This work describes the results of a quantitative uncertainty analysis of the thermal-hydraulic subchannel code for nuclear engineering applications, Coolant Boiling in Rod Arrays-Three Field (COBR...
Phacoemulsification outcomes in Boston terriers as compared to non‐Boston terriers: a retrospective study (2002–2015)

OBJECTIVES To compare visual outcome and cause of blindness between two groups of dogs undergoing phacoemulsification. ANIMALS STUDIED Study population consisted of 35 Boston terriers (BT; 70 eyes) and 77 non-Boston terriers (NBT; 154 eyes) that underwent bilateral phacoemulsification surgery. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to determine visual outcome, complications leading to blindness and follow-up. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate surgical success at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS Eleven of 35 BT developed known vision loss, with 12 of 70 (17.1%) eyes becoming blind within one year of surgery, and 17 of 77 NBT developed known vision loss, with 19 of 154 (12.3%) eyes becoming blind within 1 year of surgery. No further vision loss was reported among those BT with a 2-year follow-up. In the NBT group, seven additional dogs, a total of 24 of 77 NBT developed vision loss, with a known total of 31 of 154 (20.1%) eyes becoming blind within two years of surgery. These results were not significantly different. The overall surgical success in both groups based on individual eyes was estimated to be between 80 and 90% at 1 year postsurgery and between 65 and 80% at 2 years postsurgery. Glaucoma was the leading cause of vision loss in both groups. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in visual outcomes between a group of BT and a group of NBT undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification at the University of Tennessee between 2002 and 2015. Glaucoma was the leading cause of vision loss in both groups.
Family Issues and Assistive Technology Needs: A Sampling of State Practices

In part as a result of federal legislation in the 1980s and 1990s, preschoolers with disabilities and their families increasingly have access to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) dev...
Vitamin D adequacy: a possible relationship to breast cancer.

(1) Low levels of dietary calcium and vitamin D, biochemically interrelated, increase the promoting action of high dietary fat on chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in animal studies. (2) High dietary fat increases mammary epithelial cell proliferation, particularly the “hor-monally driven” hyperproliferation during breast growth and development in young animals. Increased dietary calcium (and probably vitamin D) lessens the increase of proliferation induced by high fat. These data, although limited, suggest that the maximum effect of diet (high fat increase, as well as calcium and vitamin D modulation) on eventual breast cancer may be during puberty, and adolescence, when the mammary gland is actively growing and developing. (3) An inverse epidemiological correlation has been developed between sunlight availability as a source of vitamin D and the risk of breast cancer in the U.S. and Canada. (4) Current vitamin D and calcium dietary intake in the U.S. is far below the RDA in all female age groups, particularly for the elderly. (5) Reduction of breast cancer risk, and simultaneously osteoporosis, might be achieved by increasing dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D to RDA levels. This may be particularly applicable to females during puberty and adolescence.
Theoretical Contributions from Developmental Psychology

Like psychology at large, developmental psychology does not offer an explicit theory about family structure or functioning. Nevertheless, it has much to say about family relationships, especially about parent-child relationships. The focus on parent-child relationships is hardly surprising because the development of young children cannot be understood without considering those who nurture and socialize them. Hence, students of human development have, from the beginning, acknowledged the basic importance of the family environment for the growing child. Fewer have acknowledged the influence of children on the development of their parents. In this chapter, I will first summarize ideas about parent-child relations that emerged from developmental theories prevalent during the first half of this century. I will then show how many of these ideas were further elaborated within two developmental theories that build on the earlier work. I will then consider the contributions these developmental theories can make to the further development of family theories.
Generalized Power Modeling for Deep Learning

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained prominence with image classification and other related tasks, often outperforming humans. However, many CNNs require significant power to function. Power modeling tells how much power a particular CNN consumes on a particular hardware platform. This can be particularly helpful for deciding which CNN to deploy on a mobile platform where the power budgets is limited. Many existing power models are hardware specific and function at a fine grained level. That is, they describe the power consumption of basic kernel operations. Using these models to gauge the power consumption of a CNN, which uses more complicated kernel computations, is not straight forward. Also, comparing one CNN power consumption requires running multiple architecture specific models. Therefore it is beneficial to have one model that is hardware agnostic. This paper presents a statistics based approach to developing hardware agnostic general purpose power estimator for CNNs. In this paper, the model is validated for the Movidius Neural Compute Stick (MNCS) [1] to predict the power usage for a variety of CNNs. The model shows over 90% accuracy with predicting the power consumption of several popular CNNs.
Influences of health care access on resilience building among transgender and gender non-binary individuals.

AbstractBackground: Health care disparities between transgender/gender non-binary individuals and the general population are well-documented and related to both interpersonal and institutional disc...