cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing, analyzing and predicting the comfort properties of textiles

Abstract: The multiplicity and complexity of factors influencing the comfort phenomenon has resulted in numerous studies dealing with different comfort-related aspects. This chapter provides an overview of the different approaches used for characterizing thermophysiological and neurophysiological comfort attributes. The chapter also highlights a recently developed design-oriented comfort model that integrates comfort related factors into a single index.
Combinations of Chronic Conditions, Functional Limitations, and Geriatric Syndromes that Predict Health Outcomes.

The strategic framework on multiple chronic conditions released by the US Department of Health and Human Services calls for identifying homogeneous subgroups of older adults to effectively target interventions aimed at improving their health. We aimed to identify combinations of chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes that predict poor health outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data from the 2010–2012 Health and Retirement Study provided a representative sample of U.S. adults 50 years of age or older (n = 16,640). Outcomes were: Self-reported fair/poor health, self-rated worse health at 2 years, and 2-year mortality. The main independent variables included self-reported chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes. We conducted tree-based classification and regression analysis to identify the most salient combinations of variables to predict outcomes. Twenty-nine percent and 23 % of respondents reported fair/poor health and self-rated worse health at 2 years, respectively, and 5 % died in 2 years. The top combinations of conditions identified through our tree analysis for the three different outcome measures (and percent respondents with the outcome) were: a) for fair/poor health status: difficulty walking several blocks, depressive symptoms, and severe pain (> 80 %); b) for self-rated worse health at 2 years: 68.5 years of age or older, difficulty walking several blocks and being in fair/poor health (60 %); and c) for 2-year mortality: 80.5 years of age or older, and presenting with limitations in both ADLs and IADLs (> 40 %). Rather than chronic conditions, functional limitations and/or geriatric syndromes were the most prominent conditions in predicting health outcomes. These findings imply that accounting for chronic conditions alone may be less informative than also accounting for the co-occurrence of functional limitations and geriatric syndromes, as the latter conditions appear to drive health outcomes in older individuals.
Computing Protein–Protein Association Affinity with Hybrid Steered Molecular Dynamics

Computing protein-protein association affinities is one of the fundamental challenges in computational biophysics/biochemistry. The overwhelming amount of statistics in the phase space of very high dimensions cannot be sufficiently sampled even with today's high-performance computing power. In this article, we extend a potential of mean force (PMF)-based approach, the hybrid steered molecular dynamics (hSMD) approach we developed for ligand-protein binding, to protein-protein association problems. For a protein complex consisting of two protomers, P1 and P2, we choose m (≥3) segments of P1 whose m centers of mass are to be steered in a chosen direction and n (≥3) segments of P2 whose n centers of mass are to be steered in the opposite direction. The coordinates of these m + n centers constitute a phase space of 3(m + n) dimensions (3(m + n)D). All other degrees of freedom of the proteins, ligands, solvents, and solutes are freely subject to the stochastic dynamics of the all-atom model system. Conducting SMD along a line in this phase space, we obtain the 3(m + n)D PMF difference between two chosen states: one single state in the associated state ensemble and one single state in the dissociated state ensemble. This PMF difference is the first of four contributors to the protein-protein association energy. The second contributor is the 3(m + n - 1)D partial partition in the associated state accounting for the rotations and fluctuations of the (m + n - 1) centers while fixing one of the m + n centers of the P1-P2 complex. The two other contributors are the 3(m - 1)D partial partition of P1 and the 3(n - 1)D partial partition of P2 accounting for the rotations and fluctuations of their m - 1 or n - 1 centers while fixing one of the m/n centers of P1/P2 in the dissociated state. Each of these three partial partitions can be factored exactly into a 6D partial partition in multiplication with a remaining factor accounting for the small fluctuations while fixing three of the centers of P1, P2, or the P1-P2 complex, respectively. These small fluctuations can be well-approximated as Gaussian, and every 6D partition can be reduced in an exact manner to three problems of 1D sampling, counting the rotations and fluctuations around one of the centers as being fixed. We implement this hSMD approach to the Ras-RalGDS complex, choosing three centers on RalGDS and three on Ras (m = n = 3). At a computing cost of about 71.6 wall-clock hours using 400 computing cores in parallel, we obtained the association energy, -9.2 ± 1.9 kcal/mol on the basis of CHARMM 36 parameters, which well agrees with the experimental data, -8.4 ± 0.2 kcal/mol.
Analyzing multiple outcomes in clinical research using multivariate multilevel models.

Objective Multilevel models have become a standard data analysis approach in intervention research. Although the vast majority of intervention studies involve multiple outcome measures, few studies use multivariate analysis methods. The authors discuss multivariate extensions to the multilevel model that can be used by psychotherapy researchers.
An Optimization-Based Sample Day Selection Algorithm for Future Schedule Generation

Future flight Schedules are generated using air traffic growth forecasts along with a set of baseline schedules. The baseline schedules are usually selected by sampling historical operational data for a fiscal year and choosing representative days that best reflect seasonality in terms of a given set of performance metrics. Larger sample sizes capture more accurate trends in the NAS at the expense of the computer processing time of other important elements of the model process. This trade-off is evaluated each year based on known information on computer run-time and other performance requirements of the modeling community. To maximize accuracy with a minimal sample, we propose an optimization based method for solving the sample day selection problem, which is formulated as a Mixed Integer Program (MIP). The objective of the MIP is to minimize the weighted difference between the true population and the sample to be selected in terms of the defined metrics subject to a set of constraints including the sample size limit, coverage requirements and other desired properties. This paper presents two solution algorithms which have been implemented using the CPLEX MIP solver. A standard MIP formulation is first presented followed by a decomposition formulation which partitions the problem into smaller parts in order to reduce the computation time required for larger day selection exercises.
A Review of the Peruvian Species of Vampyrops (Chiroptera: Phyllostomatidae)

The taxonomic identities of Peruvian bats assigned to the genus Vampyrops are discussed. Peruvian species of Vampyrops include vittatus, infuscus (synonyms, fumosus and intermedius ), dorsalis (synonyms, umhratus and oratus ), nigellus, hellen , and brachycephalus . A neotype is designated for V. infuscus .
La Documentation de l’Afrique portugaise

Parce que l’Angola et le Portugal se trouvent constamment dans la presse ces jours-ci, nous avons pense qu’une etude de sources, archives, et mouvements sur les Portugais en Afrique serait precieuse pour les lecteurs. Des documents pour l’etude de l’Afrique portugaise sont eparpilles un peu partout (et ils ne constituent qu’une source fragmentaire); les endroits ou cette documentation existe ne sont generalement pas connus. Nous avons done essaye de constituer une liste partielle d’instituts, bibliotheques, et des sources sous forme de periodiques ou de livres ayant trait a ce sujet. Nous voulohs aussi fournir un guide des groupes politiques luttant pour la domination de 1’empire portugais en Afrique.
Effect of Lactobacillus casei Eluate Fraction on Reproduction in the Domestic Fowl

SummaryEvidence is presented to show that the Lactobacillus casei c eluate fraction is essential for normal development of the chicken embryo.
Ectopic pregnancy: Selective data from sixty-five cases

Abstract 1. 1. Sixty-five cases with the pathologic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are reviewed. For this report some general considerations are omitted in favor of the more pertinent and timely aspect of the problem. 2. 2. The impression that previous operations, abortions, and pelvic infection contribute to the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is supported by our findings. 3. 3. Hematology and blood pressure observations support generally accepted conclusions. Our experience with transfusion parallels that of most other observers. Autohemoclysis, as an emergency measure, has been used with consistent benefit, where more suitable blood is not available. 4. 4. In 28 cases surgery other than removal of the ectopic pregnancy was performed but not in the presence of infection or free bleeding. These patients did exactly as well as the rest of the group. It is thought that this surgical attention may account for the fact that no second ectopics are recorded (28 per cent sterilized). Other reported incidence is 3.6 to 22 per cent. 5. 5. Our mortality rate is 3 per cent. Diagnosis was 80 per cent correct. The routine use of the Friedman test has improved our percentage of correct diagnoses. 6. 6. Seventeen endometriums were available for pathologic examination. Had these tissues been obtained by curettage, diagnosis would have been assisted in only 6 out of the 17 and definitely confused in the remainder. 7. 7. Microscopic examination of the tubes and other tissues indicates some further basis for the hypothesis of ectopic placentation in areas of ectopic endometrium or decidua. 8. 8. Cul-de-sac puncture has been harmless and exceedingly valuable in diagnosis. The peritoneoscope has been used. Its status is discussed. 9. 9. Three unusual cases are reported and illustrated.
Signal correction using molecular species to improve biodiesel analysis by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry

Abstract Microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) and a simple dilute-and-shoot sample preparation procedure with 1-propanol are used to determine Ca, K, Mg and Na in biodiesel fuel. MIP naturally occurring molecular species are used to probe plasma condition variations during sample introduction, and then correct analytical signals to improve accuracies. The electronic transitions for N 2 + (0–0, B 2 ∑ + u → X 2 ∑ + g ) and OH (0–0, A 2 ∑ + → X 2 π i ) are used as molecular probes. A biodiesel standard reference sample is analyzed and the results for the molecular probe signal correction method are compared with values obtained with a traditional external standard calibration (EC). Improved accuracies were observed for Ca using the N 2 + probe, and for K, Mg and Na using OH. Recoveries were in the 82–104% range for all analytes (60–130% for EC). The limits of detection (LODs) for Ca, K, Mg and Na are 70, 7, 9 and 8 μg/L, respectively (2 mg/kg for Ca, and 0.2 mg/kg for all the other analytes). The method was applied to three biodiesel fuel samples and the concentrations ranges for Ca, K and Na were 9.0–16.0, 10.6–142.1, and 7.8–52.7 mg/kg, respectively. Magnesium values were lower than the LOD in all cases. Analytical signal correction using plasma naturally occurring molecular species has the potential to significantly improve accuracy and sample throughput. It allows for effective determinations without the need for time-consuming calibration methods such as standard additions.
Data retrieval for client projects: Matching data onto an ontology map to produce a relevance assessment

Discerning relevant data is becoming more difficult, time consuming, and costly as the amount of data available dramatically increases. Currently, consulting firms strive to use data to support client's business decisions with evidence. To be effective at this, consultants must consider the applicability of both internal and external data libraries to their clients' requirements. Frequently, evaluating the applicability of data sets is a manual process, which can be costly to the firm and the client. This paper describes a technical approach to automate this process. Specifically, it details the structure of a software application, named UVa Open Miner, capable of assessing the applicability of data sources to client projects. This UVa Open Miner aims to maximize the scale and diversity of candidate data sets, increase the relevance of data found, and maintain manageable computational complexity. UVa Open Miner consists of two segments: mapping and matching. The mapping component text mines web pages to identify an ontology of keywords describing the business requirement. This enables users to handle diverse business requirements from various industry verticals. The matching component scores data sets based on a relevance factor obtained from the ontology map. To validate the application, subject matter experts provided business requirements for a problem in their domain, and validated the application's results. Professionals in environment science, political science and policy-making fields found the application to be useful. Therefore, the application, along with the framework used, can be refactored into a reusable solution for consulting firms to use for their clients.
Computation of scattered fields from inhomogeneous objects by volume integral equation methods

The volume integral equation (VIE) formulations have been very accurate and efficient methods in modeling of inhomogeneous objects in electromagnetic areas. Over the years, various volume integral equation formations have been developed. In these formulations, the dielectric object is discretized into small sub-domains, such as tetrahedrons. Then basis functions are defined in each sub-domain and the electric field or current is represented by unknown coefficient multiplied by the basis function. Among the basis sets used in 3D VIE formulations, the divergence-conforming tetrahedral basis defined by Schaubert, Wilton and Glisson is one of the most widely used. This basis is used for modeling the electric current or electric flux in a dielectric object. Another basis function that has been applied to the VIE method is curl-conforming edge basis, which is used to model the electric field in the VIE formulations and it keeps the tangential continuity of electric field. Other basis functions such as pulse bases, hexahedral bases and high-order basis functions have also been used in the literature. In this paper, we apply the curl-conforming VIE formulations to compute the scattered fields from inhomogeneous objects. Given the application of inhomogeneous objects in different application areas, such as biomedical imaging and geophysical exploration, it is of great importance to develop accurate and efficient modeling methods. This VIE method allows us to compute the scattered fields of these objects accurately and efficiently. Our simulation results show this method provides very accurate solutions.
Mono Lake: Plankton Dynamics over Three Decades of Meromixis or Monomixis

Mono Lake (38°N, 119°W; 1943 m asl; 160 km2) is hypersaline with sodium the major cation and carbonate, chloride, and sulfate the major anions, high soluble reactive phosphorus, and variable inorganic nitrogen levels. Most of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of microbes are in five major lineages: α- and γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, high G+C Gram positive (Actinobacteria), and low G+C Gram positive (Bacillus/Clostridium). The phytoplankton have large seasonal variations in abundance with maxima in early spring, low values from late spring to late summer as a result of grazing by Artemia monica , and increased abundances in autumn and winter. The brine shrimp (Artemia monica) is the dominant and often sole species of zooplankton. Artemia hatch in late winter and spring from cysts produced in previous years; a second, summer generation is produced ovoviviparously. In autumn, Artemia population declines, because of predation by migratory grebes, decreasing water temperature and senescence. In nearshore habitats, the alkali fly ( Ephydra hians ) is abundant seasonally. The brine shrimp and alkali fly larvae provide food for large numbers of birds including an important breeding colony of the California gull (Larus californicus) and migratory eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) , Wilson’s phalaropes (Phalaropus tricolor), and red-necked phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus); no fish occur in the lake. Mono Lake alternates between being meromictic and monomictic depending on the quantity of freshwater introduced during snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada and the proportion diverted to the City of Los Angeles. Between 1979 and 2013, three episodes of meromixis occurred. Multiyear episodes of meromixis have marked inter-year variation in standing algal biomass, with low values that contrast with periods of monomixis in which winter periods of complete mixing occur and spring chlorophyll levels are high. Seasonally averaged adult brine shrimp abundances have less inter-year variation than phytoplankton.
Photoproduction of ρ 0 and ρ − mesons at 3 GeV

The photoproduction of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons has been studied at 3 GeV in the reactions $\ensuremath{\gamma}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{p}_{s}n{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{p}_{s}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$. For ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ production in these reactions we present the total and differential cross sections, the decay angular distributions, and the spin density matrix elements. The photoproduction of the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ is found to be consistent with $s$-channel helicity conservation and is dominated by natural-parity exchange. The ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ meson production has approximately equal natural- and unnatural-parity-exchange contributions. The unnatural-parity-exchange contribution is consistent with one-pion exchange and is used to estimate the value of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma}}$.
Gauging (3+1)-dimensional topological phases: An approach from surface theories

We discuss several bosonic topological phases in (3+1) dimensions enriched by a global ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ symmetry, and gauging the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ symmetry. More specifically, following the spirit of the bulk-boundary correspondence, expected to hold in topological phases of matter in general, we consider boundary (surface) field theories and their orbifold. From the surface partition functions, we extract the modular $\mathcal{S}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ matrices and compare them with $(2+1)$-dimensional toplogical phase after dimensional reduction. As a specific example, we discuss topologically ordered phases in $(3+1)$ dimensions described by the BF topological quantum field theories, with abelian exchange statistics between pointlike and looplike quasiparticles. Once the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ charge conjugation symmetry is gauged, the ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ flux becomes non-Abelian excitation. The gauged topological phases we are considering here belong to the quantum double model with non-Abelian group in $(3+1)$ dimensions.
Dynamic analysis of a geared rotor-bearing system with translational motion due to shaft deformation under residual shaft bow effect

In this paper, the dynamic response of a spur geared rotor-bearing system has been studied when the gear set has translational motion due to shaft deformation and residual shaft bow effect. A new dynamic model for the geared rotor-bearing system, considering translational motion and residual shaft bow effect, is proposed, in which the distance between the centers of two gears varies with time. Therefore, the proposed model regards gear pressure angle and contact ratio as time-varying variables, while the previous model regards them as constant. A finite element model of the geared rotor-bearing system developed, the equations of motion are obtained by applying Lagrange’s equation. After deriving nonlinear equations of motion for the geared rotor-bearing system, the dynamic responses are computed by applying the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method. The dynamic response including lateral response of two gears, gear pressure angle and contact ratio with different phase angle between two residual shafts are investigated. The results show that the magnitude of the residual shaft bow, the phase angle between two residual shafts will significantly affect gear pressure angle and contact ratio. This new model produces more accurate dynamic responses in comparison to those of the previous model.
Creating, Implementing, and Maintaining Successful Classroom Design

In the course of 3 years, Library and Academic Technology (LAT) at Washington College (WC) managed to create successful academic learning environments that benefit both teachers and learners. Our existing classroom audio/visual (A/V) systems were old, convoluted and unreliable. Additionally, the furniture was designed for utility and cost efficiency as opposed to student creativity and collaboration.The Center for Teaching and Learning at WC funded a pilot updated classroom designed with modern, reliable A/V and student collaboration as the focus. This update included bring-your-own-device (BYOD) capabilities, updated projection equipment, and a simple-to-use control interface. We also removed the old armchairs which had small flip-up writing surfaces and replaced them with Node Chairs which have larger writing surfaces in addition to a wheeled base and a storage area for bags or books. The room redesign was an overwhelming success.Following the pilot, the new classroom design was adopted as the standard and implemented campus wide. Classroom installations were completed during breaks in the academic year, so as to not to disrupt instruction. Performing most technology installations in-house helped keep labor costs to a minimum. Furniture updates in learning spaces are moving more slowly due to budget constraints and coordination difficulties with other campus departments. Over 80% of the 53 learning spaces on campus have been updated. Five spaces have received a furniture redesign with a focus on active learning. Future updates and plans for this series of projects includes incorporating wireless presentation capabilities as well as working with the finance office to establish a replacement cycle for classroom furniture and technologies.
Case - Temporary chemical castration in the management of recurrent priapism.

Stuttering priapism entails repeated, distinct episodes of persistent penile erection despite interval periods of detumescence. While individual episodes are acutely treated, overall management of the patient with recurrent priapism focuses on prevention of future incidents. According to American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines, systemic therapy may be used for prevention of priapism — including hormonal agents, baclofen, digoxin, and terbutaline. Other methods of management include selfinjection of sympathomimetic agents and surgical intervention with placement of a penile prosthesis. 1 This case report describes long-term use of hormonal therapy in the management of stuttering priapism in a young male.
The Effect of Smartphones on Anxiety: An Attachment Issue or Fear of Missing Out?

The overuse of smartphones has been linked to anxiety in university students, with two proposed explanations—attachment and fear of missing out (FoMO). The present study examined the contributions ...
Effect of Transcutaneous Electrode Temperature on Accuracy and Precision of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Measurements in the Preterm Infants

BACKGROUND: High electrode temperature during transcutaneous monitoring is associated with skin burns in extremely premature infants. We evaluated the accuracy and precision of CO2 and O2 measurements using lower transcutaneous electrode temperatures below 42°C. METHODS: We enrolled 20 neonates. Two transcutaneous monitors were placed simultaneously on each neonate, with one electrode maintained at 42°C and the other randomized to temperatures of 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42°C. Arterial blood was collected twice at each temperature. RESULTS: At the time of arterial blood sampling, values for transcutaneously measured partial pressure of CO2 (PtcCO2) were not significantly different among test temperatures. There was no evidence of skin burning at any temperature. For PtcCO2, Bland-Altman analyses of all test temperatures versus 42°C showed good precision and low bias. Transcutaneously measured partial pressure of O2 (PtcO2) values trended arterial values but had large negative bias. CONCLUSION: Transcutaneous electrode temperatures as low as 38°C allow an assessment of PtcCO2 as accurate as that with electrodes at 42°C.
The Impact of Social Environment on Willingness to Pay for Online Content

Charging subscription fees for content distributed through the Internet has emerged as a commonly adopted business model. This has drawn the attention of academics seeking to understand which facto...
A review of Nohora García’s “understanding Mattessich and Ijiri: a study of accounting thought”

In her well-researched book, Professor Nohora Garcia offers a refreshing and in-depth look into the glorious past of accounting theorists and their search for answers to above questions posed by the esteemed elders. The book “ Understanding Mattessich and Ijiri: A Study of Accounting Thought ” represents the 21 st entry of the Studies of Development of Accounting Thought Series, edited by Professor Gary Previts of the Case Western Reserve University and is published by Emerald Publishing, Bingley, UK in the year 2018. Even within the accounting history domain, Professor Garcia’s book takes on an unusual intellectual journey, let alone in the broader accounting scholarly arena. Her work is unusual in at least two dimensions. First, the book’s choice of Mattessich and Ijiri as the two accounting scholars to study poses a formidable challenge because the denseness of these two scholars’ work both in terms of their shared tendencies toward abstraction and their scientific-philosophical orientation. Second, her work singles out one book each from the vast libraries of these two prolific scholars.
Third-Party Culpability Evidence; Holmes v. South Carolina, 547 U.S. 319 (2006) and More

Justice Alito, speaking for a unanimous United States Supreme Court in Holmes v. South Carolina, - U.S.-, 126 S.Ct. 1727, 164 L. Ed.2d 503 (2006), held that a criminal defendant's constitutional rights to have a meaningful opportunity to present a complete defense are violated by an evidence rule addressing the admissibility of evidence of third-party guilty under which the defendant may not introduce evidence of third-party guilt if the prosecution has introduced forensic evidence that, if believed, strongly supports a guilty verdict. Ultimately, each and every situation where evidence of third-party culpability is offered is unique. The only constant is that as set forth herein, the constitution as eluded to in Holmes as well as the rules of evidence properly construed require admission of evidence of third-party culpability if, and only if, the probative value of such evidence, everything considered, i.e. its legitmate tendency, is sufficient to raise a reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the criminal defendant on trial for the commission of the crime. Finally,was Justice Alito wise in Holmes in preserving the current state of the law with respect to the admissibility of evidence of third-party culpability offered by the criminal defendant? Yes. While certainly not as transparent as one would like, the current state of the generally accepted common law with respect to third-party culpability is not only constitutional but probably as specific and useful as possible in governing the admissibility of evidence of third-party guilt. In this context the job of transparency belongs best in the hands of lower court judges and commentators.
“Abortion is part of the irish experience, it is part of what we are”

Abstract Ireland's abortion policy remains the most restrictive in the European Union, and thousands of Irish women annually travel abroad, mainly to England, to obtain abortion services. This article contributes to feminist analyses of abortion politics by examining how two publicized Irish abortion cases in the 1990s and the Irish government's deliberation over abortion law constitute a complex, shifting Irish social-political context which increasingly has invited public attention to the reality of abortion in Irish women's lives and urged policy-makers to address this reality. A discourse analysis approach provides insight into the interplay between the relatively recent acknowledgment in Irish public discourses that abortion is a social—not simply an individual—issue and the Irish social policy-making process.
Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Axial Patterning: Mechanistic Insights into Generation of Axes in the Developing Eye

All multicellular organisms require axial patterning to transform a single-layer organ primordium to a three-dimensional organ. It involves delineation of anteroposterior (AP), dorsoventral (DV), and proximodistal (PD) axes. Any deviation in this fundamental process results in patterning and growth defects during organogenesis. The Drosophila eye is an excellent model to study axial patterning. In the Drosophila eye, DV lineage is the first axis to be determined, which is followed by generation of the AP axis. The default state of the Drosophila early eye primordium is ventral, and the dorsal fate is established by onset of expression of dorsal eye fate selector pannier (pnr)in a group of cells on the dorsal eye margin. The boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments is the site for activation of Notch (N) signaling and is referred to as the equator. Activation of N signaling is crucial for initiating the cell proliferation and differentiation in the developing Drosophila eye imaginal disc. This chapter will focus on (a) how axial patterning occurs in the developing Drosophila eye, (b) how the developing eye field gets divided into dorsal and ventral cell populations, and (c) how DV patterning genes contribute toward the growth and patterning of the fly retina.
Low-Density, Polyurea-Based Composites: Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Pressure Effect

In this study, we explore the fabrication, characterization and modeling of low-density polymeric composites to understand their acoustic responses. Polyurea is chosen as the matrix of the composites due to its excellent properties and advantages, i.e. blast mitigation, easy casting, corrosion protection, abrasion resistance, and various uses in current military and civilian technology. Two low-mass-density filler materials of interest are phenolic and glass microballoons. They have significant differences in their mechanical properties and chemical interactions with the matrix. Ultrasonic tests are conducted on samples with different volume fractions of fillers and variable pressure. Computational models based on the methods of dilute randomly distributed and periodically distributed inclusions are created to improve our understanding of low-density polymer-based composites and serve as tools for estimating the dynamic mechanical properties of similar composite material systems. The experimental and computational results are compared. The results are expected to facilitate the design of new elastomeric composites with desirable densities and acoustic impedances. These new composites will be useful in developing layered metamaterial structures. Furthermore, we seek to find out whether such inclusions may substantially affect the time-dependent response of the composite by introducing new resonant modes.
Is Electron Transfer Mediated by Random Diffusion Alone

In the past few years several research groups have measured the diffusion coefficients of components of the respiratory chain in mitochondrial inner membranes (Kawato et al., 1980, 1982; Hochman et al., 1982, 1985; Sowers and Hackenbrock, 1981; Hackenbrock et al., 1986; Vanderkooi et al., 1985; Lenaz and Fato, 1986; Fato et al., 1986). The objective has been to gain insight into the mechanics of electron transfer and the mobility characteristics of this membrane-associated system that may be important in determining the rates and regulation of electron and energy transfer. A major issue is whether this somewhat unusual membrane can best be described as a homogeneous system with randomly diffusing components, or whether it is necessary to invoke a more complex, non-random organization.
The synthesis of [1,2,3]-triazole-based bent core liquid crystals via microwave-mediated ‘Click Reaction’ and their mesomorphic behaviour

ABSTRACTA series of [1,2,3]-triazole-based liquid crystal compounds were synthesised via a fast and efficient microwave-mediated ‘Click Reaction’ and their phase behaviour is presented. Most of the 1,4-diaryl-[1,2,3]-triazole compounds exhibited a nematic phase with broad temperature ranges and relatively low transition temperatures compared to previously examined materials. Structural variations, involving regio-isomers and lateral halogenation, gave rise to different phase behaviour of the two families of triazole-based compounds.
Pyrene-Linked Formylated Bis(dipyrromethane): A Fluorescent Probe for Dihydrogen Phosphate.

Anion receptor 1, a pyrene-functionalized tetrakis-(1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde), binds tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate in chloroform with high affinity over other test salts. Fluorescence quenching is seen upon the addition of H2PO4– to 1. The limit of detection (LOD) is ca. 46 nM. Anion binding in the solid state was confirmed via X-ray diffraction analysis, which revealed a sandwich-type complex, [1·3TBAH2PO4]2, wherein two separate molecules of 1 are linked via six dihydrogen phosphate anions bound in an S-like fashion.
Crickets and Seagulls

I revisit the allegory of the “Miracle of the Seagulls,” in which in 1848 settlers of the Salt Lake valley battled crickets destroying their crops. The myth suggests that they were rescued in their futile and exhausted efforts by seagulls. I direct the readers’ view to the landscape of a teaching experience in which a student and I negotiated ultimately what might have consumed us in a way that was accompanied by a seagull-like working alliance.
Using Sweeping Jets to Trim and Control a Tailless Aircraft Model

Active flow control (AFC) was incorporated into the Stability And Control CONfiguration model (SACCON) in order to trim it in pitch. The combination of AFC and traditional control surfaces enables ...
Identifying Mg II narrow absorption lines with deep learning

Metal absorption line systems in distant quasar spectra probe of the history of gas content in the universe. The MgII $\lambda \lambda$ 2796, 2803 doublet is one of the most important absorption lines since it is a proxy of the star formation rate and a tracer of the cold gas associated with high redshift galaxies. Machine learning algorithms have been used to detect absorption lines systems in large sky surveys, such as Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Gaussian Process (GP) and decision trees. A very powerful algorithm in the field of machine learning called deep neural networks, or '' deep learning'' is a new structure of neural network that automatically extracts semantic features from raw data and represents them at a high level. In this paper, we apply a deep convolutional neural network for absorption line detection. We use the previously published DR7 MgII catalog (Zhu et al. 2013) as the training and validation sample and the DR12 MgII catalog as the test set. Our deep learning algorithm is capable of detecting MgII absorption lines with an accuracy of $\sim$94% . It takes only $\sim 9$ seconds to analyze $\sim$ 50000 quasar spectra with our deep neural network, which is ten thousand times faster than traditional methods, while preserving high accuracy with little human interference. Our study shows that Mg II absorption line detection accuracy of a deep neutral network model strongly depends on the filter size in the filter layer of the neural network, and the best results are obtained when the filter size closely matches the absorption feature size.
Nut and Peanut Butter Consumption and Mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (P18-001-19)

Although previous studies have shown inverse associations between nut consumption and mortality, the associations between nut consumption and less common causes of mortality have not been studied. Additionally, approximately 50% of peanut consumption in the United States is through peanut butter, but the association between peanut butter consumption and mortality has not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between nut and peanut butter consumption and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study recruited 566,398 individuals aged 50–71 at baseline in 1995–1996. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate nut and peanut butter consumption. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for mortality using the non-consumers as reference groups. After excluding subjects with chronic diseases at baseline, there were 64,464 deaths with a median follow-up time of 15.5 years. We observed a significant inverse association between nut consumption and overall mortality (HR C₄ ᵥₛ C₁ = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.76, 0.81). Nut consumption was significantly associated with reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious, renal and liver disease mortality, but not with diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease mortality. We observed no significant associations between peanut butter consumption and all-cause (HR C₄ ᵥₛ C₁ = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.04) and cause-specific mortality. In a middle-aged US population, nut intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and certain types of cause-specific mortality. However, peanut butter consumption was not associated with differential mortality. This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, NIH.
Genetic variation in male sexual behaviour in a population of white-footed mice in relation to photoperiod

In natural populations, genetic variation in seasonal male sexual behaviour could affect behavioural ecology and evolution. In a wild-source population of white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, from Virginia, U.S.A., males experiencing short photoperiod show high levels of genetic variation in reproductive organ mass and neuroendocrine traits related to fertility. We tested whether males from two divergent selection lines, one that strongly suppresses fertility under short photoperiod (responder) and one that weakly suppresses fertility under short photoperiod (nonresponder), also differ in photoperiod-dependent sexual behaviour and responses to female olfactory cues. Under short, but not long, photoperiod, there were significant differences between responder and nonresponder males in sexual behaviour and likelihood of inseminating a female. Males that were severely oligospermic or azoospermic under short photoperiod failed to display sexual behaviour in response to an ovariectomized and hormonally primed receptive female. However, on the day following testing, females were positive for spermatozoa only when paired with a male having a sperm count in the normal range for males under long photoperiod. Males from the nonresponder line showed accelerated reproductive development under short photoperiod in response to urine-soiled bedding from females, but males from the responder line did not. The results indicate genetic variation in sexual behaviour that is expressed under short, but not long, photoperiod, and indicate a potential link between heritable neuroendocrine variation and male sexual behaviour. In winter in a natural population, this heritable behavioural variation could affect fitness, seasonal life history trade-offs and population growth.
A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic.

Following over 3 decades of gradual but uneven increases in sea ice coverage, the yearly average Antarctic sea ice extents reached a record high of 12.8 × 106 km2 in 2014, followed by a decline so precipitous that they reached their lowest value in the 40-y 1979–2018 satellite multichannel passive-microwave record, 10.7 × 106 km2, in 2017. In contrast, it took the Arctic sea ice cover a full 3 decades to register a loss that great in yearly average ice extents. Still, when considering the 40-y record as a whole, the Antarctic sea ice continues to have a positive overall trend in yearly average ice extents, although at 11,300 ± 5,300 km2⋅y−1, this trend is only 50% of the trend for 1979–2014, before the precipitous decline. Four of the 5 sectors into which the Antarctic sea ice cover is divided all also have 40-y positive trends that are well reduced from their 2014–2017 values. The one anomalous sector in this regard, the Bellingshausen/Amundsen Seas, has a 40-y negative trend, with the yearly average ice extents decreasing overall in the first 3 decades, reaching a minimum in 2007, and exhibiting an overall upward trend since 2007 (i.e., reflecting a reversal in the opposite direction from the other 4 sectors and the Antarctic sea ice cover as a whole).
CD8 infiltration is associated with disease control and tobacco exposure in intermediate-risk oropharyngeal cancer

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence is increasing at a nearly epidemic rate, largely driven by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite the generally favorable clinical outcomes of patients with HPV driven (HPV+) OPSCC, a significant subset of HPV tumors associated with tobacco exposure have diminished treatment response and worse survival. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been shown to be a critical driver of treatment response and oncologic outcomes in OPSCC generally and HPV+ OPSCC more specifically. However, the impact of tobacco exposure on the TIME in OPSCC patients remains unclear. We analyzed the relationship between TIME, tobacco exposure and clinical outcomes in OPSCC patients (n = 143) with extensive tobacco exposure (median pack-years = 40). P16 overexpression, a surrogate marker of HPV association, was a strong predictor of relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively) regardless of tobacco exposure and associated strongly with differential infiltration of the tumor by both CD3 and CD8 lymphocytes measured via immunohistochemistry (p < 001, p < 0.001 respectively). CD3 and CD8 infiltration was a strong predictor of RFS and OS and associated strongly with disease stage (AJCC 8th Edition Staging Manual). Tobacco exposure correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with decreased CD8 infiltration in p16+ OPSCC tumors. Our findings demonstrate that the HPV+ OPSCC clinical outcomes are strongly correlated with the TIME, which is potentially modulated by tobacco exposure. Immunomodulatory strategies targeting this disease in smokers must take into consideration the potential modifying effects of tobacco exposure on treatment effectiveness and clinical outcomes.
On Leaf BRDF Estimates and Their Fit to Microfacet Models

Remote sensing provides high accuracy/precision for quantifying forest biophysical parameters needed for ecological management. Although the significant impact of bidirectional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) on remote sensing of vegetation is well known, current forest metrics derived from sensor data seldom take leaf BSDF into account, and despite the importance of BSDF effects, leaf directional scattering measurements are almost nonexistent. Previous studies have been limited in the spectral coverage and resolution of observed electromagnetic radiation and lacked models to interpolate all source-sensor angles beyond measurements. This study captured deciduous broadleaf bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) from the visible through shortwave infrared spectral regions (350–2500 nm) and accurately modeled the BRDF for extension to any illumination angle, viewing zenith, or azimuthal angle. We measured biconical directional reflectance factor of leaves from three species of large trees, Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ), American sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua ), and northern red oak ( Quercus rubra ). We then fit the data through nonlinear regression to physical, microfacet BRDF models, resulting in normalized root-mean-square errors of less than 8%, averaged across all wavelengths (excluding low signal-to-noise spectral regions). We extracted leaf physical parameters, including the index of refraction and a relative physical roughness from the microfacet models delineating the three species. The implications for forestry remote sensing are important, as rigorous models to represent leaves allow for the creation of more accurate forest scenes for radiative transfer modeling. Such accuracy enables higher fidelity sensor evaluations and data processing algorithms.
Addendum to "Theory of a He 3 Atom in Liquid He 4 at T=0"

An improved estimate of the interaction matrix element $〈\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, {\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}|H\ensuremath{-}〈\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}|H|\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}〉|\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}〉$ is generated by a new approximation for the three-particle distribution function. Revised numerical results are presented for binding energy, effective mass, and differential volume coefficient of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ atom in solution.
Technology Adoption, Household Uncertainty and Wealth Inequality

This article examines the portfolio choice of workers that face differential exposure to technology-driven displacement. Using an exogenous policy shock that incentivized the firms to invest in technology, we show that the routine workers respond to heightened displacement risk by reducing the share of liquid wealth invested in equities. This effect is independent of the well-documented wealth effect and is weaker in presence of self or government-sponsored insurance. We show that the conservative portfolio choice of routine households lowers their return on liquid wealth and our simulations show that, ceteris paribus, the reported changes in portfolio composition can lead to a return-on-wealth differential of 30% over a 10-year period.