cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myelin basic protein mRNA localization and polypeptide targeting

Myelin basic proteins (MBPs), the major peripheral membrane proteins of central nervous system (CNS) myelin, are encoded by mRNAs that are selectively segregated to the myelinating processes of oligodendrocy tes. In order to test whether the intracellular mechanisms responsible for MBP mRNA translocation are oligodendrocyte-specific, or alternatively, are present in other cell types and may therefore be more general, we have studied the localization of the 14 kD MBP mRNA and its encoded polypeptide (MBP14) in transiently transfected HeLa cells (a cervical carcinoma cell line) and in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. Unlike the situation in oligodendrocytes in situ, where MBP mRNAs are translocated and become “centrifugally” distributed, in both of the non-glial cells MBP mRNA was primarily detected in the perinuclear region. The MBP14 polypeptide was found associated with intracellular membranes, and not exclusively with the plasma membrane. Our results indicate that the inability of HeLa and PC12 cells to correctly target MBP mRNAs to the cell periphery leads to a failure to incorporate MBP polypeptides directly into the plasma membrane. Further, the data lend credence to the concept that MBP mRNA segregation appears to be a specific feature of myelin-forming cells which is required for the precise delivery of the encoded polypeptides to the forming myelin membrane. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Short-Term Hurricane Impacts on a Neotropical Community of Marked Birds and Implications for Early-Stage Community Resilience

Populations in fragmented ecosystems risk extirpation through natural disasters, which must be endured rather than avoided. Managing communities for resilience is thus critical, but details are sketchy about the capacity for resilience and its associated properties in vertebrate communities. We studied short-term resilience in a community of individually marked birds, following this community through the catastrophic destruction of its forest habitat by Hurricane Iris in Belize, Central America. We sampled for 58 d immediately before the storm, 28 d beginning 11 d after Hurricane Iris, and for 69 d approximately one year later. Our data showed that the initial capacity for resilience was strong. Many banded individuals remained after the storm, although lower post-hurricane recapture rates revealed increased turnover among individuals. Changes occurred in community dynamics and in abundances among species and guilds. Survivors and immigrants both were critical components of resilience, but in a heterogeneous, species-specific manner. Delayed effects, including higher fat storage and increased species losses, were evident one year later.
Effect of Geothermal Pore-Pressure Conditions and Natural Gas Composition on In Situ Natural Gas Hydrate Occurrences, North Slope, Alaska: ABSTRACT

The factors controlling the distribution of natural gas hydrates (solid compounds composed of natural gas and water) in the earth include mean annual ground temperatures, geothermal gradients, subsurface pressure conditions, gas composition, and pore-fluid salinity. A thorough analysis of the effect of these parameters on thickness and depth of hydrate stability zones has been conducted. A thermodynamic model has been used to compute depth and thickness of zones of stability of gas hydrates in 34 representative wells on the North Slope. Several well logs in these depth ranges have been analyzed to determine hydrate zone thickness, porosity, and hydrate saturation. In well log analysis, the hydrate presence has been indicated by the following evidence: increase in acoustic velocity, strong resistivity deflection, small spontaneous potential deflection, gas shown on mud log, oversized caliper increase in the neutron porosity, separation of long normal from short normal, and decrease in drilling rate. In several of these wells, multiple zones of hydrates have been detected. In the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk fields, hydrates are expected to occur primarily in six stratigraphic horizons, mostly in an unconsolidated unit characterized by a poorly sorted sandstone and conglomeratic lithology. Detailed examination of the neutron porosity and sonic velocity responses within one hydrate horizon in six wells in Kuparuk field indicates an average porosity of 44% and hydrate saturation of 93%. Such information is extremely relevant to quantification of gas hydrate deposits. End_of_Article - Last_Page 665------------
ROC performance evaluation of multilayer perceptrons in the detection of one of M orthogonal signals

A neural network detector is compared to an optimal algorithm from signal detection theory for the problem of one of M orthogonal signals in a Gaussian noise environment. A receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis is used. The neural detector is a multilayer perceptron trained with the backpropagation algorithm, while the optimal detector operates based on a likelihood ratio test. It was observed that for the signal-known-exactly case (M=1) the performance of the neural detector converges to the performance of the ideal Bayesian decision processor; however, for a higher degree of uncertainty (i.e., for a larger M) the performance of the multilayer perceptron is obviously inferior to that of the optimal detector. In addition, it was concluded that noise information in the training stage affects only slightly the performance of the neural detector. However, the knowledge of the noise distribution proved to be vital for the detection theory processor. >
A partial scan cost estimation method at the system level

Recent progress of data path synthesis has manifested the need to consider design for testability during, not after, the synthesis process. Motivated by the above requirement, the paper describes a partial scan cost estimation scheme for random testing using module level primitives. Starting from interpreting testability at the register transfer level, a model is developed for estimating the required partial scan configuration under a user specified testing time. A mixed integer programming formulation is then presented to derive the location and amount of scan needed. Experimental results have shown the same level of fault coverage as that of the full scan path under the given test time constraint. >
Carpooling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: the Case of Multiple-Target Route Discovery

Carpooling is an efficient transportation option in real life because it reduces traffic and cost. We apply this idea to MANETs and propose multiple-target route discovery (MTRD) for on-demand routing protocols. MTRD aggregates multiple route requests into one RREQ message and discovers multiple targets simultaneously. When a node has to find a route to a destination, instead of immediately injecting a new RREQ message into the network, the node tries to discover a route by attaching its request to in-transit RREQ packets that it relays for other nodes. MTRD improves routing performance by reducing the number of regular route discoveries. The results of an extensive simulation study show that MTRD improves the routing performance significantly. Moreover, several important properties of MTRD are analyzed.
‘Underhand Dealings with the Papal Authorities’: Disraeli and the Liberal Conspiracy to Disestablish the Irish Church

During the parliamentary election of 1868, Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli sent a �gentleman spy� to Ireland to seek evidence showing that William Gladstone had agreed to disestablish the Church of Ireland in return for the Vatican's promise of Irish catholic votes. Proof of this conspiracy, Disraeli hoped, would prompt an anti-catholic backlash and tip the election to the Conservatives. Disraeli's spy spent four weeks interviewing various Liberal politicians and Irish catholic prelates and claimed to have discovered not only a secret agreement between Gladstone and the bishops, but also a vast Vatican conspiracy to use Irish nationalist agitation to undermine the English constitution. Unfortunately, he never found written proof of any either scheme. The Liberals won the election by a large margin and soon passed an act disestablishing the Church of Ireland. Although out of office, Disraeli remained in contact with his secret agent, using him for further missions in England and on the continent. Despite its failure, the spy's mission offers fresh insight into Disraeli's character and policies. Disraeli combined opportunistic political scheming with a weakness for conspiracy theories. His agent's mission to Ireland was certainly an intrigue meant to turn the political tables on the Liberals but was based on Disraeli's belief that Rome actually had conspired with Gladstone. Recognition of Disraeli's faith in the existence of papal conspiracies helps to make his public statements about disestablishment more comprehensible and suggests a new explanation for his ongoing inflexibility in regard to Irish grievances and reforms.
Symptomatic pericardial cyst: a case series

Pericardial cysts are most commonly located at the cardiophrenic angle or, rarely, in the posterior or anterior superior mediastinum. The majority of pericardial cysts are asymptomatic and are found incidentally. Symptomatic pericardial cysts present with dyspnoea, chest pain, or persistent cough. We describe four patients with symptomatic pericardial cysts who were treated with either echocardiographically guided percutaneous aspiration or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, or both; thoracotomy; or conservative therapy.
The agrarian vision: sustainability and environmental ethics

The agrarian vision: sustainability and environmental ethics, by Paul B. Thompson, Lexington, The University Press of Kentucky, 2010, xi + 323 pp., US$40, ISBN 978-0-8131-2587-9 Thompson's aim in t...
A DSP-Based Switching Motor Controller

This paper describes a novel methodology for development of real-time control design and implementation of switching control law with particular emphasis on laboratory environment. The switching controller is formulated and implemented in real-time, using the position control of a brushless DC motor drive system as a testbed. The design, analysis, and implementation stages are carried out entirely using a dSPACE DS1104 digital signal processor (DSP)-based real-time data acquisition control (DAC) system, and MATLAB/Simulink environment. Experimental results show that the proposed switching controller produces adequate control performance, particularly in handling nonlinearities and external disturbances. The paper also presents a hardware platform used during the implementation stage.
Model Diagnosis of Nighttime Minimum Temperature Warming during Summer due to Irrigation in the California Central Valley

Abstract This study examines the mechanisms of nighttime minimum temperature warming in the California Central Valley during summer due to irrigation. The Scripps Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) was used to simulate climate under two land surface characteristics: potential natural vegetation and modern land use that includes irrigation and urbanization. In irrigated cropland, soil moisture was prescribed in three different ways: 1) field capacity, 2) half of field capacity, and 3) no addition of water. In the most realistic case of half-field capacity, the July daily minimum temperature in the California Central Valley increased by 3.5°C, in agreement with station observation trends over the past century in the same area. It was found that ground heat flux efficiently keeps the surface warm during nighttime due to increased thermal conductivity of wet soil.
Julian K Quattlebaum, MD: American pioneer of hepatic surgery.

s o w s a o c t s o w p i i i d S he first anatomic resection of the liver (right lobectomy) as performed by Lortat-Jacob in 1952. From that single ase report, a new surgical field developed as more and ore authors contributed reports about the feasibility of ajor hepatic resections. In the years immediately after ortat-Jacob’s report, most hepatic resections were done ither by Pack and collaborators at Memorial Hospital in ew York City or by Julian Quattlebaum in Savannah, A. Most likely unaware of Lortat-Jacob’s work, Dr uattlebaum (Fig. 1, online only) reported on three masive hepatic resections, the first being an anatomic major obectomy. The similarity between the work of a single urgeon in a small town and the work of three seasoned urgeons in a major metropolis at one of the premier medcal centers in the world is astounding. Under such circumtances, one can think only that the small town surgeon ompensated for the lack of technologic support with a remendous dose of effort, decisiveness, and ingenious reativity.
Recurrent kidney stone: a 25-year follow-up study in persons with spinal cord injury

Abstract Objectives. To document the recurrence rate of kidney stones in patients with spinal cord injury and to assess the potential contributing factors and long-term renal function outcome. Methods. A consecutive sample of 77 patients with initial kidney stones followed up on a yearly basis between 1973 and 1999 was used to estimate stone recurrence, stratified by demographic and clinical characteristics. Longitudinal data analyses were performed to assess the change in renal function over time among various post-treatment outcomes. Results. During an average of 7 years (range 1 to 21) of follow-up after the initial stone episode, 19 patients with recurrence, 15 with residual stones, and 43 who were stone free were documented. It was estimated that approximately 34% of the patients with an initial stone would develop a second stone episode within 5 years. This figure did not significantly change during the past 25 years ( P = 0.18). Stone recurrence was two or more times greater for men than for women, for whites than for blacks, and for tetraplegics than for paraplegics, but the differences were not statistically significant ( P >0.05). Renal function did not significantly decline over time for any of the post-treatment outcomes of the initial stones. Conclusions. Despite marked improvement in urologic rehabilitation, little progress has been made during the past 25 years in reducing stone recurrence in persons with spinal cord injury. Future studies are required to determine the critical components of the causal pathway to stone formation, which may lead to the establishment of effective prophylactic interventions.
Potential of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for Biological Control of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Solanaceous Crops

We assessed the ability of Trichogramma ostriniae (Peng & Chen) to locate and parasitize Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) eggs in crops other than corn, and we evaluated the efficacy of inundative releases of the parasitoid in two solanaceous crops, pepper and potato. Despite a greater plant surface area to search, parasitism of O. nubilalis eggs was consistently higher in sweet corn than dicotyledonous crops such as pepper, snap bean, broccoli, potato, and melon, in choice and no-choice experiments. Nonetheless, in 2002 and 2003, we made four to five separate inundative releases of ≈30,000–50,000 T. ostriniae per 0.02 ha in nine pepper fields in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts and compared O. nubilalis egg parasitization and fruit damage in those plots with spatially isolated nonrelease plots. Egg parasitization averaged 48.7% in T. ostriniae release plots, which was significantly higher than in nonrelease plots (1.9%). Also, cumulative pepper fruit damage averaged 8.7% in release plots, which was significantly less than in nonrelease plots (27.3%). In potatoes in 2002 and 2003, we made two releases of ≈75,000 T. ostriniae per 0.2 ha in nine fields in Maine and Virginia and compared O. nubilalis damage in those plots with that in nonrelease plots. T. ostriniae releases significantly reduced the number of tunnel holes and number of O. nubilalis larvae in potato stems. We conclude that this parasitoid has great potential as a biocontrol agent for O. nubilalis in solanaceous crops.
Miller and noise effects in a synchronizing flip-flop

The effects of Miller coupling and thermal noise on a synchronizing flip-flop are described. Data on the metastability characteristics of the flip-flop are gathered and analyzed. True metastability is distinguished from the deterministic region. A worst case mean-time-between-failure bound is established. A simple and accurate test method is presented. A simple jamb latch was used with driving circuits of two different strengths to determine the role of input strength on T/sub m/ and /spl tau/. The flip-flop was fabricated on a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process.
Transesophageal echocardiography in patients with ischemic stroke accurately detects significant coronary artery stenosis and often changes management.

Abstract Objectives TEE is performed in many patients with ischemic stroke, and it is possible to examine the proximal coronaries by TEE in these patients. Our purpose was to (1) determine the accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the diagnosis of proximal coronary stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke and (2) show that TEE detection of proximal coronary stenosis changed management in a substantial number of patients. Methods Thirty-two patients with ischemic stroke undergoing TEE, in whom the proximal coronaries were examined and who had angiographic results available, were studied. Results Proximal coronaries were visualized as follows: left main (LM) in 31 (97%), left anterior descending (LAD) in 32 (100%), left circumflex (LCx) in 30 (94%) and right coronary artery (RCA) in 21 (66%). The sensitivity and specificity of TEE in diagnosing significant coronary stenosis in visualized vessels were as follows: LM 100% and 100%, LAD 100% and 95%, LCx 100% and 96%, and RCA 100% and 100%, respectively. When visualized and nonvisualized segments were considered, TEE detected significant stenosis as follows: 4 of 5 in the LM (80%), 13 of 13 in the LAD (100%), 2 of 3 in the LCx (66%), and 2 of 8 in the RCA (25%). Of the 32 patients, TEE results changed management in 17 patients (53%). Angiographic findings resulted in 10 of the 17 patients (59%) undergoing revascularization. Conclusions TEE was very accurate in diagnosing significant coexisting coronary artery disease in patients with ischemic stroke. TEE diagnosis of these lesions prompted coronary angiography and subsequent revascularization in a substantial number of patients. (Am Heart J 2001;142:916-22.)
Buoyant disruption of magnetic arcades with self‐induced shearing

[1] We present the results of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the nonlinear development of instabilities of magnetically sheared arcades and show how they relate to plasmoid ejections and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). To model the arcade disruptions, we capitalize on a family of analytical solutions for initial states; these describe magnetic arcades in uniform gravity that are characterized by magnetic shear. Two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5-D) time-dependent simulations were performed with the ZEUS-2D code to show the response of the arcades to small velocity perturbations. The model arcades respond by rising and expanding, and most significantly, we find shearing motions naturally arise in conjunction with the instability. This field line shearing is in response to the Lorentz force, which drives large-amplitude Alfven waves, which in turn transport magnetic shear from the lower to the upper extremities of the arcades. The self-induced shear Alfven waves, coupled with magnetic buoyancy, provide a feedback mechanism that drives the arcades to a loss of equilibrium and disruption following a long period of slow rise and expansion. These simulations of arcade disruptions may be relevant with regard to CME initiation for three major reasons. First, the arcade disruptions are the result of undriven magnetic buoyancy instabilities. Second, magnetic field line shearing is an intrinsic aspect of the instability that occurs spontaneously and is driven only by the magnetic tension force. (No imposed shear motions are specified.) Third, the arcade disruption process has been found to repeat without prompting.
The evolution of allochthonous salt along a megaregional profile across the northern Gulf of Mexico basin

Sequential restorations of a north-south megaregional cross section across the north-central Gulf of Mexico Basin from east-central Louisiana to the abyssal plain define a dynamic, complex history of sedimentation, salt flowage, and salt evacuation. Proprietary composite seismic profiles (590 km), 33 wells, and published depth-to-basement maps were used to constrain the section in depth. Thirteen sequential structural restorations, incorporating both decompaction and isostatic subsidence (thermal and tectonic), were then constructed from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene. The restorations highlight and constrain a protracted history of deformation that is primarily controlled by gravity and the progradation of Cenozoic sediments over salt. Early stages of the tectonic history of the northern Gulf of Mexico Basin were related to differential thermal subsidence resulting from Early-Middle Jurassic rifting. During the Cenozoic, the evolution of the basin was dominated by the influx of large clastic depocenters, which caused the basinward evacuation of autochthonous Jurassic salt. Salt extrusion from the autochthonous layer was accomplished by inclined salt bodies, which flowed into salt glaciers or sheets near the sea floor. Evacuation of allochthonous salt layers provided significant sediment accommodation, and unusually thick sedimentary sections were deposited, such as the Terrebonne Trough of southern Louisiana (3-7 km of Miocene strata). Salt sheet formation and evacuation occurred progressively basinward through time in response to basinward shifts of major Cenozoic sedimentary depocenters. As a salt sheet neared complete evacuation, the underlying autochthonous salt layer would begin to evacuate, providing additional sediment accommodation that caused autochthonous salt flowage basinward, and the formation of the next allochthonous salt sheet basinward of the depocenter. The area of autochthonous salt progressively decreased through time and currently represents at most 45% of its maximum along this transect. The total area of salt through time was more stable, with variations of only 30% from its maximum. This relationship is a function of lateral salt flow into and out of the plane of section, and possible salt dissolution. The restorations indicate that very little translation or extension (1.46%) occurred at the autochthonous salt level during the evolution of the basin. The majority of translation or extension occurred above allochthonous salt sheets (25%) and was compensated laterally by salt flow. Displacements above allochthonous salt sheets were driven by gravitational instabilities caused by the slope gradient.
Passive Inhalation of Cocaine

Six healthy male volunteers were exposed to the vapor of 100 and 200 mg freebase cocaine heated to a temperature of 200 degrees C in an unventilated room (12,600-L volume) for a period of 1 h. No pharmacological effects were detected as a result of the exposure. Blood specimens collected immediately following exposure were negative for cocaine and metabolites. Urine specimens analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry contained peak concentrations of benzoylecgonine that ranged from 22 to 123 ng/mL. The peak excretion time for benzoylecgonine following passive exposure was approximately 5 h. The amount of cocaine inhaled by the subjects during passive exposure was estimated from room air measurements of cocaine to be approximately 0.25 mg. The total amount of cocaine (cocaine plus metabolites) excreted in urine by the six subjects ranged from 0.04 to 0.21 mg. For comparison, the six subjects also received an intravenous injection of 1 mg cocaine hydrochloride. Four of six subjects screened positive (300-ng/mL cutoff concentration) following the injection, indicating that the minimum amount of cocaine in these subjects necessary to produce positive results was approximately 1 mg. A second passive inhalation study was undertaken in which specimens were collected from research staff who assisted in a series of experimental studies with "crack" (freebase cocaine) smokers. The research staff remained in close vicinity while the crack smokers smoked three doses of freebase cocaine (12.5, 25, and 50 mg) over a period of 4 h. As a result, staff members were passively exposed to sidestream smoke from crack pipes and to breath exhalation from the crack smokers. Urine specimens from the staff members contained a maximum of 6 ng/mL benzoylecgonine. Only traces (less than 1 ng/mL) of cocaine were detected in any specimen. Overall, these studies demonstrated that individuals exposed to cocaine smoke under naturalistic or artificial conditions absorbed small amounts of cocaine that were insufficient to produce positive urine specimens at standard Department of Health and Human Services cutoffs. However, passive exposure conditions that would result in absorption of cocaine in amounts exceeding 1 mg could result in the production of cocaine-positive urine specimens.
Low-Band-Gap Platinum Acetylide Polymers as Active Materials for Organic Solar Cells

We report on two pairs of platinum acetylide based polymers and model oligomers utilizing a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) acceptor moiety flanked on either side by either 2,5-thienyl donor units (Pt2BTD-Th and p-PtBTD-Th) or (3,4-ethylenedioxy)-2,5-thienyl donors (Pt2BTD-EDOT and p-PtBTD-EDOT). Both oligomer/polymer pairs absorb strongly throughout the visible region; however, because the (ethylenedioxy)thiophene moiety is a stronger donor than thiophene, the latter oligomer/polymer pair has a correspondingly lower band gap and, therefore, harvests light more efficiently at longer wavelengths. p-PtBTD-Th exhibits a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution with a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 22 kDa, while p-PtBTD-EDOT exhibits a comparable Mn of 33 kDa but has a high polydispersity index likely due to aggregation. We provide a complete report of the photophysical and electrochemical characterization of the two oligomer/polymer pairs. The photophysical studies reveal that the materials unde...
Prompting Clinicians about Preventive Care Measures: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Preventive care measures remain underutilized despite recommendations to increase their use. The objective of this review was to examine the characteristics, types, and effects of paper- and computer-based interventions for preventive care measures. The study provides an update to a previous systematic review. We included randomized controlled trials that implemented a physician reminder and measured the effects on the frequency of providing preventive care. Of the 1,535 articles identified, 28 met inclusion criteria and were combined with the 33 studies from the previous review. The studies involved 264 preventive care interventions, 4,638 clinicians and 144,605 patients. Implementation strategies included combined paper-based with computer generated reminders in 34 studies (56%), paper-based reminders in 19 studies (31%), and fully computerized reminders in 8 studies (13%). The average increase for the three strategies in delivering preventive care measures ranged between 12% and 14%. Cardiac care and smoking cessation reminders were most effective. Computer-generated prompts were the most commonly implemented reminders. Clinician reminders are a successful approach for increasing the rates of delivering preventive care; however, their effectiveness remains modest. Despite increased implementation of electronic health records, randomized controlled trials evaluating computerized reminder systems are infrequent.
Enhanced dissolution of nitrogen during gas tungsten arc welding of steels

AbstractAlthough nitrogen concentrations at levels much higher than Sieverts' Law predictions during the arc welding of iron and steel are well established, there is currently no commonly accepted methodology to determine this concentration quantitatively. The nature and concentrations of various species in the plasma phase above the weld pool surface are therefore investigated in the present work using both theoretical and experimental techniques. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the nitrogen containing plasma phase of a gas tungsten welding arc shows that ionised species dominate close to the electrode, whereas neutral monatomic and diatomic nitrogen are the primary species near the metal surface at plasma temperatures as low as 5000 K. When oxygen is added to a nitrogen containing plasma, the resulting nitrogen concentration in the weld metal is further enhanced. Definitive proof is provided for a mechanism in which nitrogen and oxygen species interact in the plasma phase at temperatures below...
Energy-Efficient Nonvolatile Flip-Flop With Subnanosecond Data Backup Time for Fine-Grain Power Gating

A nonvolatile flip-flop (NVFF) is proposed, where magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are incorporated into a CMOS flip-flop (FF) to enable nonvolatility. The voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect is utilized to back up the latched data into MTJs before the power supply is turned off. Switching an MTJ through the VCMA effect does not require a dedicated write circuit for data backup, resulting in reduced area as compared with NVFFs exploiting the spin transfer torque (STT) switching mechanism. In a VCMA-based NVFF, the MTJs are coherently switched, enabling ultra-energy efficient data backup with subnanosecond backup time. Simulation results exhibit more than a 342 $\times$ (33.7 $\times$ ) improvement in data backup energy per bit, and more than 35.5 $\times$ (7.7 $\times$ ) improvement in data backup delay per bit as compared with the most efficient STT-based NVFFs (spin Hall effect-based NVFF). The energy efficiency of the VCMA-based NVFF results in sufficiently short breakeven times, enabling effective fine-grain power gating.
Market Confidence and Monetary Policy

We study the ability of monetary policy announcements to influence interest rates at all maturities as well as asset prices more broadly. Using a novel methodology, we discover two distinct monetary policy shocks. The primary factor is a long rate factor which we find is related to aggregate uncertainty; the second factor is a traditional Fed funds short-rate shock. We show that the two factors have disparate effects on risky asset returns, with the long rate factor affecting the aggregate risk premium, and the Fed funds shock lowering inflation expectations and increasing the value premium. Our results highlight that monetary policy announcements influence market confidence even when there is no change in the stance of monetary policy.
A Tentative Analysis of Malaria Epidemic in Baoshan City from 2003 to 2008

Objective This project intends to find more effective control measures on the infection of malaria in Baoshan through a tentative analysis of the malaria infections in Baoshan.Method The malaria infection reporting cases from 2003 to 2008 and the control measures are analyzed.Results From 2003 to 2008,there were 15 762 reporting cases of malaria infection in Baoshan,with an incidence rate of 108.63/100 000,accounting for 36.95% of the total reporting cases of infectious diseases,ranking first in the reporting of infectious diseases.There were 31 deaths,with mortality rate of 0.21/100 000,and case fatality rate of 1.97%.The reporting cases of malaria consist of 11 128 cases of vivax malaria,accounting for 70.60% of the total infection.3 675 cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria,accounting for 23.32%,mixed infection in 93 cases,accounting for 0.59%,and 866 unlabeled cases,accounting for 5.49%.The outdoor environmental infection,accounting for 94.87%.There were 9 021 cases of malaria infection in Tengchong County,with the highest incidence,accounting for 57.23% of all incidence.There were 37 cases of malaria infection in Changning County,with the lowest incidence,accounting for 0.23% of all incidence.The largest quantity of outbreak of malaria in Baoshan is 3 940 cases in 2005,accounting for 44.58% in the total infection.Through the compeletion of "The Global Fund Malaria Project" and "the central government transfer payments Malaria Project",malaria was remarkably under control.Incidence dropped from 2 585 cases in 2003 to 1 116 cases in 2008,with a reduction of 56.83%.Conclusion The malaria cases were graduatly decreases from 2003 to 2008,except the slightly increase in 2005.Indicating that the control measures were effective and could prevent and control through using blood tests,treating patients,complete treatment,mobile population management,active case detection,dealing with endogenous epidemic site,focus on distribution of preventive medicine to the population and conduct health education and publicity,to further reduce the incidence of malaria level and provide better health services.
Reduction in the antithrombogenicity of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene caused by radiation-induced oxidation

ポリマーの抗血栓性に及ぼす放射線酸化の影響を調べるため, ポリテトラフルオロエチレン (PTFE) 及び低密度ポリエチレン (PE) チューブ (内径1及び3mm) のr線照射を行い, 50℃で水処理後, 表面のキャラクタリゼーションと抗血栓性評価とを行った. PTFEへは主にアルゴン中, 0.14～0.47MRを, PEへは空気または水中で0.44～8MRを照射した. ESCA及びゼータ電位のデータは, 照射表面への酸素含有基の導入を示し (照射PEで約10mol%), PTFE及びPE表面の接触角は線量とともにそれぞれ98°及び80°まで低下した. 犬末梢静脈内での相対開存時間は, 線量とともに著しく低下した. 生体外試験ではすべての試料で補体と接触相の活性化はみられなかったが. 生体内試験では照射試料で血小板粘着の増加がみられた. ゆえに, 照射表面の抗血栓性の低下は, 表面の疎水性の低下に由来する血小板系活性化の亢進によるものと推定される.
The Joy of Access to the Zone of Inhibition: Republic of Argentina v. Weltover, Inc. and the Commercial Activity Exception under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976

In Republic of Argentina v. Weltover the United States Supreme Court granted unprecedented access to U.S. courts for persons seeking to file suit against a sovereign state. In particular, the Court held that the commercial activity exception under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (FSIA) permitted the Court to exercise jurisdiction over the Republic of Argentina for refusing to repay its bonds. In a broader sense, the Court's interpretation of the FSIA may spur additional litigation by significantly restricting when sovereign states can assert a defense of sovereign immunity. Under the Court's interpretation of the FSIA and the commercial activity exception, a sovereign state cannot assert sovereign immunity when it acts as a market participant, and its actions directly affect the United States. A foreign government can only assert sovereign immunity when it engages in acts peculiar to sovereigns, such as the regulation of capital markets. Implicit in Republic of Argentina is the conclusion that if a sovereign state participates in private capital markets, its actions are not peculiar to sovereigns, and thus it cannot claim sovereign immunity.First, this article identifies the issues presented in Republic of Argentina. Second, this article examines the historical development and definition of the foreign sovereign immunity doctrine. Third, this article discusses the disparate approaches of the circuit courts in defining the commercial activity exception prior to Republic of Argentina. It explains why the Second Circuit came closest to Congress' intentions, in light of the legislative history of the FSIA. Fourth, this article contends that in Republic of Argentina the Court failed to clearly and satisfactorily define "commercial activity" in a manner certain to resolve the circuit conflict. As a result, what constitutes "commercial activity" is still in a state of evolution. This article concludes that the failure to more clearly define "commercial activity" will cause more sovereign states to be brought before American courts, particularly developing sovereign states, because of their greater need to intervene in their domestic economies.
Privatization in Developing Countries and the Marketing Imperative

Privatization is a world wide trend with significant implications for developing countries. Most of the literature on this topic has focused on the financial aspects of privatization with little regard to the marketing aspects. Concern of privatization can be accomplished through the use of carefully constructed programs, particularly those which aim at gaining the cooperation of various participants in the transition phase of the privatization process.
Lawrence’s Caravan of Gypsy Identities

On the ship back to England from the United States in September 1925, Lawrence wrote to his mother-in-law that he was ‘quite glad to be out of that America for a time: it’s so tough and wearing.. .. I don’t feel myself very American: no, I am still a European’ (5L 304). As it turns out, he never did return during his lifetime. Howard J. Booth, writing of Lawrence’s ‘theory of the “other” and its collapse’, in an essay of that name, posits that certain works written between 1927 and 1930 - he names Sketches of Etruscan Places, The Escaped Cock (The Man Who Died), and Apocalypse — show that Lawrence had retained his belief in the past and in the other as enablers of renewal, but now his search was in a more familiar framework.11 would add to Booth’s list another work created only a few months after Lawrence landed back on English shores: as he wrote to Martin Seeker in mid-January 1926, ‘I had a good whack at my gipsy story tonight, and. .. on the short slope to the end’ (SL 380). Lawrence may well have decided to feature a Gypsy in his next work of fiction because the Gypsy was a racial other in an English context. Disoriented by and disillusioned with the Ceylonese native, the Australian aborigine, and even the American Indian (as Booth con- vincingly argues), Lawrence could look to exotic peoples within his own familiar geographical terrain.
The Flow Strength Anomaly in Metals and Intermetallic Compounds

In most materials, the flow strength due to plastic deformation decreases monotonically as a function of increasing temperature due to the influence of thermal activation on dislocation motion. However, there are a number of interesting and technologically-important exceptions to this general trend. For instance, berylium, a hexagonal close packed metal, exhibits an increase in the yield strength with temperature when single crystals are oriented for activation of prism slip. A large number of intermetallic compounds also exhibit an anomalous temperature-dependence of the flow strength, including most notably the cubic phases Ni3Al, CuZn, Cu3Au, FeAl, and the tetragonal phase TiAl. In these intermetallic compounds, the flow strength anomaly is exhibited even for polycrystalline microstructures. In most of these cases, the anomalous temperature dependence for yielding has been linked to non-planar dislocation core structure or dissociation which make simple glide of dislocations difficult. This paper is intended as a summary of the modeling and supporting microstructural observations which have been forwarded to explain these behaviors.
CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: Libraries as gateways to an enlightened world: The 65th IFLA Conference

Compte-rendu du congres de l'IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations), tenu a Bangkok, 20-28 aout 1999 et plus precisement des sessions consacrees aux bibliotheques universitaires et de recherche
The ties that bind: Internet communication technologies, networked authoritarianism, and ‘voice’ in the Syrian diaspora

Internet communication technologies (ICTs) enable diasporas to act transnationally by facilitating ties to their places of origin and providing low-cost ways to mobilize against home-country regime...
Using Theory and Measurement to Sharpen Conceptualizations of Mathematics Teaching in the Common Core Era

We argue that large-scale, standards-based improvements in the teaching and learning of mathematics necessitate advances in our theories regarding how teaching affects student learning and progress...
Why RNA and DNA Have Different Structures

In the early years of molecular biology—over 50 years ago—we were faced with many unknowns. A significant one at the time was the relationship between DNA and RNA, both in terms of structure and function. Function is often a reflection of structure. Here I outline some of the early research in this area, especially for RNA structure, which was completely unknown when we started.
The α,α′-dialkylation of cyclic amines. The synthesis of solenopsis ant venoms.

Abstract A trans -α,α′ -dialkylation of cyclic amines has been investigated through the use of nitrone methodology. This procedure has been utilized in the synthesis of Solenopsis ant venoms.
Relative Validities of Water Wave Theories

The engineer confronted with an offshore design problem can select one of a rather large number of wave theories; at present, there is an insufficient basis to indicate which of the available theories is best for a particular set of wave conditions. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the relative validity of eight wave theories, including seven analytical theories and the fifth-order stream function (numerical) wave theory. Relative validity is based on the fit provided, by the various theories, to the governing equations in the boundary value problem formulation. The wave conditions included in the evaluation encompass a wide range of relative water depths, and wave steepnesses from one-quarter of breaking up to the conventional breaking limit. It is found that, of the theories tested, the best fit in deep water is provided by the fifth-order stream function wave theory; in intermediate and shallow water depths, the Airy and first-order Cnoidal wave theories provide the best fits to the governing equations.
Decisional Procrastination: Assessing Characterological and Contextual Variables around Indecision

University students (n = 75; M age = 21.4 years old) and community adults (n = 55: M age = 36.6 years old) completed self-reported measures of decisional procrastination (indecision), character (life satisfaction, meaningful life, and need for cognition), context (place attachment, sense of community, and psychological home) and “cross-over” factors relating character and context (self-identity with possessions, people/thing orientation, and clutter), to provide an ecological understanding of persons who claim indecision. Controlling for social desirability tendencies, indecision was negatively related to all character but none of the context variables. Indecision also was related to both person and thing orientation and clutter. Multiple regression analysis indicated that only need for cognition significantly predicted (negatively) indecision among character, context, and cross-over variable sets. Subjective well-being also predicted indecision with low need for cognition among cross-over variables. Taken together, decisional procrastinators reported too much clutter (stuff), interfering with a positive quality of life and related to character over context and cross-over, ecological variables.
Unusual scattering features of bound states in the continuum in open structures (Conference Presentation)

We discuss the unusual scattering features enabled by confining electromagnetic energy and enhancing the interactions of light and matter in nanostructures, based on the concept of embedded eigenstates within the radiation continuum. We discuss how metasurfaces and metamaterials may be able to trap light in plain sight, and how lossless structures may be able to store energy in the transient by engaging complex zeros in the scattering response of the system. We also shed light on the role that reciprocity plays in the response of these systems, and how non-reciprocal or non-linear systems may enable unusual functionalities, playing a pivotal role in low-energy nanophotonic opto-electronic and bio-sensing devices.
Variations on a Theme of Schubert Calculus

In this tutorial, we provide an overview of many of the established combinatorial and algebraic tools of Schubert calculus, the modern area of enumerative geometry that encapsulates a wide variety of topics involving intersections of linear spaces. It is intended as a guide for readers with a combinatorial bent to understand and appreciate the geometric and topological aspects of Schubert calculus, and conversely for geometric-minded readers to gain familiarity with the relevant combinatorial tools in this area. We lead the reader through a tour of three variations on a theme: Grassmannians, flag varieties, and orthogonal Grassmannians. The orthogonal Grassmannian, unlike the ordinary Grassmannian and the flag variety, has not yet been addressed very often in textbooks, so this presentation may be helpful as an introduction to type B Schubert calculus. This work is adapted from the author’s lecture notes for a graduate workshop during the Equivariant Combinatorics Workshop at the Center for Mathematics Research, Montreal, June 12–16, 2017.
Isolation of highly selective phage-displayed oligopeptide probes for detection of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food

Listeria monocytogenes is the major etiologic agent for foodborne Listeriosis in humans from consumption of readyto- eat (RTE) food. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 1,600 people contract Listeriosis each year with approximately 260 deaths. This high rate of mortality has alerted the Food Safety Inspection and Services to release the Notice 23-99, Instructions for Verifying the L. monocytogenes Reassessment, on August 3, 1999 for their inspectors. According to the FDA’s Bacterial Analysis Manual Chapter 10, L. monocytogenes in RTE food samples is detected via microbiological culture-based tests, qPCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and other alternative methods. Unfortunately, these methods are time consuming (48-72 hours) and require dedicated laboratory facility. Thus, to develop a real-time L. monocytogenes biosensor, we isolated L. monocytogenes specific oligopeptides displayed on bacteriophages using modified biopanning procedures. In order to account for major temperature dependent morphological alterations of L. monocytogenes at 4°C versus 37°C, we used bacterial cells adapted to either temperature as the target in our biopanning. To date, we have isolated several candidate probes that can recognize either cold-adapted, warm-adapted L. monocytogenes cells, or both types of bacterial cells. Our isolated probes will be used on the magnetoelastic biosensor platforms for real-time detection of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods stored at 4°C or in samples/fluids for bacterium adapted to human body temperature.
Problematic alcohol use as a risk factor for cyber aggression within romantic relationships.

Background and objectives Cyber aggression has emerged as a modern form of intimate partner violence which has yet to undergo sufficient research necessary to identify risk factors that may increase the likelihood or severity of cyber aggressive behavior toward a relationship partner. Prior research offers contradictory findings pertaining to the relationship between problematic alcohol use and cyber aggression. Methods We recruited 100 (40 female) adult participants through online crowdsourcing to complete a series of questionnaires assessing traditional partner violence, cyber aggression, and problematic alcohol use. Results Forty-two percent of the sample reported perpetrating cyber relational aggression and 35% reported perpetrating cyber privacy invasion during the year prior to study participation. Traditional partner violence was associated with both forms of cyber aggression. Problematic alcohol use was only associated with privacy invasion after accounting for demographic factors and traditional partner violence. Discussion and conclusions Cyber aggression was prevalent among the current adult sample. Results suggest that problematic alcohol use is a risk factor for cyber privacy invasion but not cyber relational aggression. Scientific significance Findings add to and clarify the nascent, conflicting results that have emerged from prior research on alcohol-related cyber aggression. (Am J Addict 2018;XX:1-7).