cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of nonsurgical septal reduction therapy in symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and provocable gradients.

The hemodynamic burden caused by left ventricular obstruction along with impaired systolic and diastolic function explains the disabling symptoms of heart failure that are common in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). 1 Relief of the outflow obstruction is the cornerstone of the successful treatment of this disease. 2 Medical therapy with negative inotropic medications like b blockers, calcium antagonists, and disopyramide are the first line of treatment. 3,4 Many patients, however, continue to experience symptoms despite optimal medical therapy. These patients are left with 3 options: myotomymyomectomy, 5‐7 dual-chamber pacing, 8 ‐12 or nonsurgical septal reduction. 13‐20 In this report, we share our experience with nonsurgical septal reduction in symptomatic patients with low resting gradients (,30 mm Hg), and significant (.60 mm Hg) provocable gradients after the infusion of low-dose dobutamine. ••• All patients were evaluated before the procedure by 1 of the primary investigators to verify their symptoms and diagnosis. Only patients with severe, drugresistant symptoms of dyspnea (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV), angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III or IV), or syncope were accepted for therapy. All patients underwent echocardiographic evaluation with Doppler studies. All enrolled patients had a septal to posterior wall thickness wall ratio of $1.3. Patients with symptoms and a low resting gradient were provoked with a mean dose of 10.0 mg/kg/min of dobutamine; the same dose was used at follow-up. Patients were considered candidates for this treatment if their dobutamine-provoked gradient was .60 mm Hg. Informed consent, as approved by the Institutional
The Action of Halo thane on Spontaneous Contractile Waves and Stimulated Contractions in Isolated Rat and Dog Heart Cells

The cell length of single, isolated rat and dog heart cells was monitored during exposure to halothane-containing solution to define the cellular mechanism of halothane's negative inotropic effect. Spontaneous contractile waves, which reflect spontaneous Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in resting rat heart cells, exhibited a significant increase in frequency and a decrease in amplitude in the presence of halothane 0.27 mM (0.9 vol%) and 0.55 mM (1.7 vol%). Electrically stimulated dog and rat heart cells abruptly exposed to halothane (0.47-0.55 mM or 1.5-1.7 vol%) revealed a transient increase in twitch amplitude (significantly different from control). Twitch amplitude then declined to values significantly below control as halothane exposure continued. This decrease in twitch reached 42 +/- 13% (mean +/- SD) of control in rat cells and 50 +/- 14% in dog cells beating at 60 beats per min. In dog cells the magnitude of the transient increase in twitch amplitude was greater at faster beating rates compared with lower rates in the same cells (P less than 0.01) and the transient increase was insensitive to verapamil. Halothane 0.55 mM (1.7 vol%) also significantly accelerated the rate of decline in the twitch amplitude of successive beats in rat cells stimulated after a rest interval (negative staircase). The findings regarding spontaneous contractile waves indicate a direct effect of halothane at the SR in resting cells, occurring independently of any changes in the slow inward current. The halothane-induced changes in beating cells can be explained by an enhancement of Ca release from the SR with an eventual reduction of SR Ca stores.
The broad autism phenotype predicts relationship outcomes in newly formed college roommates

Although previous studies have reported that the broad autism phenotype is associated with reduced relationship quality within established relationships, understanding how this association emerges requires assessment prior to relationship development. In the present longitudinal study, college roommates with minimal familiarity prior to cohabitation (N = 162) completed the broad autism phenotype questionnaire and intermittently reported on their relationship quality and interpersonal behaviors toward their roommate over their first 10 weeks of living together. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models demonstrated that roommates mismatched on aloofness (one high and one low) had lower relationship satisfaction than those matched on it, with the interpersonal behavior of warmth mediating this association. Because relationship satisfaction remained high when both roommates were aloof, satisfaction does not appear predicated upon the presence of aloofness generally but rather reflects a product of dissimilarity i...
Preventive effects of bexarotene and budesonide in a genetically engineered mouse model of small cell lung cancer.

In the present study, we examined the effect of bexarotene (Targretin) and budesonide in the chemoprevention of small cell lung carcinoma using a lung-specific knockout model of Rb1 and p53. Upon treatment with bexarotene, tumor incidence, number, and load were significantly reduced (P 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining indicated that bexarotene treatment decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in tumors. The Rb1/p53 gene-targeted mouse seems to be a valuable model for chemopreventive studies on human small cell lung cancer. Our results indicate that the retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene may be a potent chemopreventive agent in this cancer type.
Creating VR scenes using fully automatic derivation of motion vectors

We propose a new method to create smooth VR scenes using a limited number of images and the motion vectors among them. We will discuss two specific components to simulate a majority of VR scenes: MV VR Object and MV VR Panorama. They provide similar functions to QuickTime VR Object, and QuickTime VR Panorama (Chen and Williams, 1993). However, our method can interpolate between the existing images, and therefore, smooth movement of viewpoints is achieved. When we look at a primitive from arbitrary viewpoints, the images of an object associated with the primitive is transformed according to the motion vectors and to the location of the viewpoint.
Teacher preparation: one key to unlocking the gate to STEM literacy.

Abstracts of NSF awards may be found by searching the NSF web-site (http://nsf.gov/awardsearch/) using the project number, whichbegins with the last two digits of the year of the award. Francisco Exploratorium to provide experiences for preser-vice and in-service teachers and their students at this state-of-the-art physics research facility (Meyinsee, 0917543). Andmany directorates support teachers conducting laboratory orﬁeld research with NSF-funded scientists in Research Experi-ences for Teachers. Table 1 summarizes the results of a searchoftheNSFdatabasesforprojectsinvolvingteachereducation.Clearly, such projects are funded throughout the foundation,notonlyinEHR.InterestedreadersmayﬁndsupportfortheirideastostrengthenteacherpreparationinSTEMﬁeldswithina number of programs at NSF.With increased attention to teacher preparation and in-sistence on strong content mastery, we predict that studentlearning will improve and the pathway for students to STEMliteracy and participation in the STEM workforce will becleared. The combination of deep understanding of scien-tiﬁc content, high expectations for student performance, andengaging pedagogy, as epitomized by graduates of NoyceScholar programs, is the gold standard for teacher prepara-tion. The need is great, however, so widespread efforts on allfronts are needed to achieve the desired results. The NSF iseager to partner with you in this endeavor.
An operational analysis of a remote console system

The Computation Center of The University of Texas at Austin provides remote console access to a CDC 6600 computer through a system called RESPOND. RESPOND was written by Control Data Corporation and has been in operation at The University for more than two years.
Geospace effects of high-speed solar wind streams

Geospace can be defined as the region of near-Earth space dominated by the Earth’s, rather than the Sun’s, magnetic field. The terrestrial magnetosphere forms a cavity in the interplanetary medium that partially shields our planet from cosmic rays, solar energetic protons and numerous other
Digital Art/Public Art: Governance and Agency in the Networked Commons

Digital art has expanded, challenged, and even redefined notions of public art and supported the concept of a networked commons. The nature of agency within online, networked “systems” and “communities” is crucial to these developments. Electronic networks enable exchange and collectivist strategies that can question existing structures of power and governance. Networks are public spaces that offer enhanced possibilities of interventions into the social world and of archiving and filtering these interventions over time in an ongoing process. Networked activism and tactical response as well as artistic practice that merges physical and virtual space and augments physical sites and existing architectures are among the practices that are important to the impact of digital public art on governance.
Species boundaries and global biogeography of the Alexandrium tamarense complex (Dinophyceae).

Alexandrium catenella (Whedon et Kof.) Balech, A. tamarense (M. Lebour) Balech, and A. fundyense Balech comprise the A. tamarense complex, dinoflagellates responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning worldwide. The relationships among these morphologically defined species are poorly understood, as are the reasons for increases in range and bloom occurrence observed over several decades. This study combines existing data with new ribosomal DNA sequences from strains originating from the six temperate continents to reconstruct the biogeography of the complex and explore the origins of new populations. The morphospecies are examined under the criteria of phylogenetic, biological, and morphological species concepts and do not to satisfy the requirements of any definition. It is recommended that use of the morphospecies appellations within this complex be discontinued as they imply erroneous relationships among morphological variants. Instead, five groups (probably cryptic species) are identified within the complex that are supported on the basis of large genetic distances, 100% bootstrap values, toxicity, and mating compatibility. Every isolate of three of the groups that has been tested is nontoxic, whereas every isolate of the remaining two groups is toxic. These phylogenetic groups were previously identified within the A. tamarense complex and given geographic designations that reflected the origins of known isolates. For at least two groups, the geographically based names are not indicative of the range occupied by members of each group. Therefore, we recommend a simple group-numbering scheme for use until the taxonomy of this group is reevaluated and new species are proposed.
A vision system for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle

We present the design and implementation of a real-time computer vision system for a rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle to land onto a known landing target. This vision system consists of customized software and off-the-shelf hardware which perform image processing, segmentation, feature point extraction, camera pan/tilt control, and motion estimation. We introduce the design of a landing target which significantly simplifies the computer vision tasks such as corner detection and correspondence matching. Customized algorithms are developed to allow for realtime computation at a frame rate of 30 Hz. Such algorithms include certain linear and nonlinear optimization schemes for model-based camera pose estimation. We present results from an actual flight test which show the vision-based state estimates are accurate to within 5 cm in each axis of translation, and 5 degrees in each axis of rotation, making vision a viable sensor to be placed in the control loop of a hierarchical flight management system.
The effects of increased extracellular deformation, pressure, and integrin phosphorylation on fibroblast migration.

Wound healing requires fibroblast migration. Increased pressure slows migration and ulcer healing. Pressure also induces β 1 integrin phosphorylation. We hypothesized that β 1 phosphorylation influences cell adhesion and migration. We compared the effects of increased pressure on the adhesion and motility of GD25 β 1-integrin null fibroblasts transfected with wild-type β 1A-integrin, S785A or TT788/9AA (phosphorylation-deficient), or T788D (constitutively phosphomimetic) mutants. GD25 β 1 null cells adhered less than wild type β 1A cells, suggesting adherence by non-integrin mechanisms. Preventing Ser-785 or Thr 788/789 phosphorylation reduced adhesion, suggesting that phosphorylation regulates adhesiveness. Substituting Asp for Thr788 stimulated adhesion on both substrates. Pressure decreased migration in all lines and on all matrixes, the most in wild type β 1A integrin cells and only slightly in β 1A TT788/9AA cells. In comparison, another physical force, repetitive deformation, increased migration in the β 1A integrin T788D, S785A, and wild type cells on fibronectin, and decreased migration on collagen. Deformation did not affect the migration of GD25 β 1-integrin null or TT788/9AA cells. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) blockade neither altered basal migration nor prevented pressure inhibition, while the cellular deformation response on fibronectin was altered. β 1-Integrin phosphorylation regulates cellular adhesion and the deformation effects on motility. The pressure-induced motility response is independently regulated.
Identifying sexual differentiation genes that affect Drosophila life span

Background Sexual differentiation often has significant effects on life span and aging phenotypes. For example, males and females of several species have different life spans, and genetic and environmental manipulations that affect life span often have different magnitude of effect in males versus females. Moreover, the presence of a differentiated germ-line has been shown to affect life span in several species, including Drosophila and C. elegans.
Site‐Specific Protein Bioconjugation via a Pyridoxal 5′‐Phosphate‐Mediated N‐Terminal Transamination Reaction

The covalent attachment of chemical groups to proteins is a critically important tool for the study of protein function and the creation of protein-based materials. Methods of site-specific protein modification are necessary for the generation of well defined bioconjugates possessing a new functional group in a single position in the amino acid sequence. This article describes a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-mediated transamination reaction that is specific for the N-terminus of a protein. The reaction oxidizes the N-terminal amine to a ketone or an aldehyde, which can form a stable oxime linkage with an alkoxyamine reagent of choice. Screening studies have identified the most reactive N-terminal residues, facilitating the use of site-directed mutagenesis to achieve high levels of conversion. Additionally, this reaction has been shown to be effective for a number of targets that are not easily accessed through heterologous expression, such as monoclonal antibodies. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 2:125-134 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tricuspid valve regurgitation as a complication of pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty or transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in children ≤4 years of age

1. Cowan CJ, Yusoff K, Moore M, Amos PA, Gold AE, Bourke JP, Tansuphaswadikul S, Campbell RWF. Impottance of lead selection in QT interval measurement. Am J Cardiol 1986;61:83-87. 2. Day CP, McComb JM, Campbell RWF. QT dispersion: an indication of arrhythmia risk in patients with long QT intervals. Br Heart J 1990;63:342-344. 3. Day CP, McComb JM, Matthews J, Campbell RWP. Reduction in QT dispersion by sotalol following myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1991;12:423+27. 4. Day CP, McComb JM, Campbell RWF. QT dispersion in sinus beats and ventricular extmsystoles in normal hem. Br Heart J 1992;67:39-41. 5. Hii JTY, Wyse G, Gillis AM, Duff HJ, Solylo MA, Mitchell B. Precordial QT dispersion as a marker of torsade de pointes. Disparate effects of class Ia antiarrhythmic drugs and amiodarone. Circulation 1992;86:1376-1382. 6. Dritsas A, Gilligan D, Nioyannopoulos P, Oakley CM. Amiodarone reduces QT dispersion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Znf J Cardiol 1992; 36345-349. 7. De Ambroggi L, Negroni MS, Monza E, Bertooi T, Schwarz PJ. Dispersion of ventricular repoltization in the long QT syndrome. Am J Carl68:614620. 6. Linker NJ, Colorma P, Kekwick CA, Till J, Camm JA, Ward DE. Assessment of QT dispersion in symptomatic patients with congenital long QT syndromes. Am J Cml69:634638. 6. Mirvis DM. Spatial variation of QT intervals in normal persons and patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Co/l Cm502 1985;5:625-631. 10. Vassallo JA, Cassidy DM, Kindwall KE, Marchlinski FE, Josephson ME. Nonuniform recovery of excitability in the left ventricle. Circularion 1988;78: 1365-1372. 11. Maron BJ, Savage DD, Wolfson JK, Epstein SE. Prognostic significance of 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a prospective study. Am J Carl48:252-257. 12. McKeona WJ, England D, Doi YL, Deanfield JE, Oakley CM, Goodwin JP. Arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: influence on prognosis. Br Heart J 1981;46:168-172. 13. Nicod P, Polikar R, Peterson KL. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden death. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1255-1257. 14. Engler RL, Smith P, Lewinter M, Gosiok B, Johnson A. The electrocardiogram in asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Chest 1979;75:167-173. 15. Dritsas A, Sbxouni E, Gilligan D, Nihoyannopoulos P, Oakley CM. QT-interval abnormalities in hypeztrophic cardiomyopathy. Clin Carl15:739-742.
Locally excitable Cdc42 signals steer cells during chemotaxis

Neutrophils and other amoeboid cells chemotax by steering their front ends towards chemoattractant. Although Ras, Rac, Cdc42 and RhoA small GTPases all regulate chemotaxis, it has been unclear how they spatiotemporally control polarization and steering. Using fluorescence biosensors in neutrophil-like PLB-985 cells and photorelease of chemoattractant, we show that local Cdc42 signals, but not those of Rac, RhoA or Ras, precede cell turning during chemotaxis. Furthermore, pre-existing local Cdc42 signals in morphologically unpolarized cells predict the future direction of movement on uniform stimulation. Moreover, inhibition of actin polymerization uncovers recurring local Cdc42 activity pulses, suggesting that Cdc42 has the excitable characteristic of the compass activity proposed in models of chemotaxis. Globally, Cdc42 antagonizes RhoA, and maintains a steep spatial activity gradient during migration, whereas Ras and Rac form shallow gradients. Thus, chemotactic steering and de novo polarization are both directed by locally excitable Cdc42 signals.
Biosynthesis of galactan by a particulate enzyme preparation from Phaseolus aureus seedlings

A particulate cell-free enzyme system was prepared from Phaseolus aureus shoots. This preparation was able to incorporate [14C]galactose from UDP-[14C]galactose into a water-soluble polysaccharide, which has a probable molecular weight of at least 4600. The only labelled component detectable in the polymer was shown to be [14C]galactose; two labelled oligosaccharides containing only [14C]galactose were isolated by partial hydrolysis. The galactan-synthesizing activity of this particulate preparation is maximal at 30° and pH7·1 in the presence of 5·0mm-magnesium chloride and 0·2m-sucrose. Although 3-day-old seedlings were used as a source of enzyme, it appears that 4- or 5-day-old beans contain greater synthetase activity. The enzyme system has an apparent Michaelis constant of 5·8×10−6m, and will catalyse the polymerization of galactose residues at the rate of 7·5mμmoles/mg. of protein/min. at a substrate concentration of 9·6mm.
Scavenging Measurements in a Direct-Injection Two-Stroke Engine

The scavenging process in a direct-injection two-stroke research engine was examined by using an electromagnetically controlled poppet valve to sample the trapped charge. A physical model was developed to characterize thescavenging based solely on the measured trapped gas composition. This method obviates the need to measure the post-combustion composition of the trapped charge, which significantly eases the sampling valve requirements. The valve that was developed proved to be very robust and was able to sample over 30% of the trapped mass at 3000 rpm. The measured scavenging efficiency was found to agree well with the non-isothermal two-zone perfect mixing limit of scavenging. The scavenging efficiency was found to increase with delivery ratio, and was nearly independent of speed. The scavenging efficiency was found to decrease with increasing air-fuel ratio at a constant delivery ratio, but the effect was found to be the result of the exhaust gas temperature reduction more than the increase in the blowdown pressure.
Reverse Genetics of Influenza Virus

Reverse genetics is the creation of a virus from a full-length cDNA copy of the viral genome, referred to as an "infectious clone," and is one of the most powerful genetic tools in modern virology. Since its development in 1999, plasmid-based reverse genetics has been effectively applied to numerous aspects of influenza studies which include revolutionizing the production of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine seed strains. Although continual improvement in reverse genetics system is being made in different laboratories for the efficient rescue of the influenza virus, the basic concept of synthesizing viral RNA using RNA polymerase I remains the same. Coupled with in vitro mutagenesis, reverse genetics can be applied widely to accelerate progress in understanding the influenza virus life cycle, the generation of customized vaccine seed strains, development of live-attenuated vaccines, and the use of influenza virus as vaccine and gene delivery vectors.
Family Functioning and Readiness in Family Recovery From Addiction

ABSTRACTUnhealthy family dynamics often develop in families where addiction is present and negatively impact individual and family health. Family members becoming ready to make personal changes might positively impact family functioning and improve family support. More research is needed to examine this relationship in family recovery. Using structural equation modeling, family member readiness to change and family functioning over time were examined. Readiness and family functioning were positively and reciprocally associated with each other across 2 assessment points. Gender was associated with initial readiness to change and family functioning. Individual readiness to change may enhance family functioning and promote recovery-oriented changes for each family member.
Erasing quantum distinguishability via single-mode filtering

Erasing quantum-mechanical distinguishability is of fundamental interest and also of practical importance, particularly in subject areas related to quantum information processing. We demonstrate a method applicable to optical systems in which single-mode filtering is used with only linear optical instruments to achieve quantum indistinguishability. Through ``heralded'' Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiments we measure and quantify the improvement of indistinguishability between single photons generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing in optical fibers. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with predictions of a quantum-multimode theory we develop for such systems, without the need for any fitting parameter.
FEASIBILITY OF USING AERATION TO CONTROL INSECT PESTS OF CORN STORED IN SOUTHEAST GEORGIA : SIMULATED FIELD TEST

Temperatures in aerated and unaerated corn stored in 2,545.45-kg (100-bushel) bins from 15 October 1992 to 3 June 1993 in Savannah, GA, were monitored at seven different sites within each bin. The corn was infested periodically with adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, adult red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and eggs of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), at selected intervals during storage. Bins were sampled each month using pitfall traps, cardboard traps, and a grain trier. Average daily temperatures in aerated bins were 11.49-15.49°C compared with 15.27-18.70°C in unaerated bins. Average temperatures at six of the seven sample positions were significantly greater in unaerated than in aerated bins. Total degree accumulations ranged from 2,654 to 3,527°C in aerated bins and 3,740 to 4,320°C in unaerated bins. Trap samples and trier samples were taken monthly at the approximate position of the temperature probes (seven positions, seven monthly samples); moth counts from cardboard traps were combined as one value per bin. During the sampling period, the average numbers of trapped maize weevils and red flour beetles were significantly greater in unaerated bins than in aerated bins for eight and 13 position comparisons, respectively (seven positions × seven monthly samples = 49 possible comparisons). The average numbers of Indianmeal moths and almond moths were significantly greater in unaerated than in aerated bins for two of seven and one of seven monthly samples, respectively. Moisture content was significantly greater in unaerated than in aerated corn for 43 of 49 sample comparisons for the entire study.
Inhalational interleukin-2 liposomes for pulmonary metastases: a phase I clinical trial.

The lung is a common site of both metastases and primary neoplasia. This phase I study was designed to test the feasibility and toxicity of administering interleukin (IL)-2 liposomes by aerosol to patients with pulmonary metastases. The goal was to test whether IL-2 liposomes could be given by aeros
Thermopower of β-Phase PdHy

Thermopower data can provide confirming tests for the separation of electrical resistivity into acoustic and optical phonon contributions. Two tests are applied and are found to be inconsistent with the present separation. Possible sources of the inconsistency are noted.
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections--Turning the Tide.

In the wake of an otherwise successful first phase of the National Action Plan to Prevent Health Care–Associated Infections, the reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) has been elusive.1 Increasing rates of infection by 2012 signaled an inability to contain this common infection, even if some of the rise was attributable to broader definitions of catheter-associated UTI instituted earlier that year. A study of the On the CUSP: Stop CAUTI program, reported by Saint et al.2 in this issue of the Journal, showed a significant reduction in catheter-associated UTIs in inpatient units that were not intensive care units (non-ICUs), . . .
Get out of fines free: Recruiting student usability testers via fine waivers

AbstractSt. John Fisher College's Lavery Library's Access Services and Systems departments began a pilot project in which students with overdue fines tested usability of library Web sites in exchange for fine waivers. Circulation staff promoted the program and redeemed fine waiver vouchers at the Checkout Desk, while Systems staff administered testing and provided vouchers to participants. Staff evaluated the pilot to be a success, as qualitative data were collected to enable iterative changes to library Web sites, and users had a positive customer service experience. The piloted method may be applied in the future to assess other programs and services.
Hypocretin Neurotransmission Within the Central Amygdala Mediates Escalated Cocaine Self-administration and Stress-Induced Reinstatement in Rats.

Abstract Background Cocaine addiction is characterized by patterns of compulsive drug-taking, including preoccupation with obtaining cocaine and loss of control over drug intake. The lateral hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) system has been implicated in drug-taking and the reinstatement of drug-seeking. Evidence suggests that HCRT may drive drug-seeking through activation of specific brain regions implicated in stress system dysfunction, including the central amygdala (CeA). The role of HCRT in the persistence of compulsive-like cocaine-taking has yet to be fully elucidated. Methods Systemic and intra-CeA microinfusions of the HCRT-receptor 1 antagonist, SB-334867, were administered to rats allowed either short (1 hour; ShA) or long (6 hours; LgA) access to cocaine self-administration. Animals were tested for fixed and progressive ratio responding for cocaine and stress-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking. In addition, using electrophysiological techniques on in vitro slices, we investigated gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurotransmission in the medial CeA and the sensitivity of GABAergic synapses to modulation of the HCRT system in ShA or LgA rats. Results We found systemic administration of SB-334867 (0, 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg) dose dependently decreased cocaine intake specifically in LgA rats but not in ShA rats. Microinjections of SB-334867 (20 nmol) bilaterally into the CeA significantly reduced cocaine intake in LgA rats. We also observed a significant attenuation of yohimbine-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking after intra-CeA SB-334867 (10 nmol) administration. Finally, electrophysiological data indicated enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission within the medial CeA in LgA rats, which was blocked with SB-334867 (10 μmol/L). Conclusions These findings suggest that HCRT neurotransmission within the CeA is implicated in compulsive-like cocaine-seeking.
The upside-down biosphere: “Evidence for the partially oxygenated oceans during the Archean Eon”

This is a commentary on the preceding chapter by Ohmoto et al., in which it is suggested that oxygen concentrations have been high throughout Earth history. This is a contentious suggestion at odds with the prevailing view in the field, which contends that atmospheric oxygen concentrations rose from trace levels to a few percent of modern-day levels around 2.5 b.y. ago. This comment notes that many of the data sets cited by Ohmoto et al. as evidence for a relatively oxidized environment come from deep-ocean settings. This presents a possibility to reconcile some of these data and suggestions with the overwhelming evidence for an atmosphere free of oxygen at that time. Specifically, it is possible that deep-ocean waters were relatively oxidized with respect to certain redox pairs. These deep-ocean waters would have been more oxidized than surface waters, thus representing an "upside-down biosphere," as originally proposed 25 years ago by Jim Walker.
MO-C-BRB-03: Delivering Value Outside the Ivory Tower

With the profound changes currently occurring in medicine, the role of the medical physicist cannot stagnate, but must evolve to meet the challenges and opportunities that are presented. Medical physicists must understand these changes and establish themselves not only as relevant but as leaders in this new environment. We must increase our presence in clinical settings such as tumor boards, patient rounds, and the development of new diagnosis, imaging, and treatment techniques. By establishing ourselves as competent scientists, we can and must participate in the development of technologies through research, teaching, and clinical implementation. As medical physicists we must define our roles and value to our physician colleagues, patients, referring physicians, and senior administrators. We cannot afford to be viewed solely as quality assurance technologists, but need to move forward in step with medical and practice advances, becoming recognized as having a leadership role in providing quality research, technological development, and quality patient care. In this session, four leaders in medical research and healthcare will discuss their observations on how medical physicists have contributed to advancements in healthcare and opportunities to continue leadership in providing quality medicine through the applications of physics to research, education, and clinical practice. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the changes in the healthcare environment and how medical physicists can contribute to improving patient care. 2.Learn how medical physicists are currently leading research efforts to improve clinical imaging and diagnosis. 3.Understand the role of medical physicists in developing new technology and leading its translation into clinical care.
Tetrahydrobiopterin Supplementation Improves Phenylalanine Metabolism in a Murine Model of Severe Malaria.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for both phenylalanine hydroxylase and nitric oxide synthase. Patients with severe malaria have low urinary BH4, elevated plasma phenylalanine, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, suggesting that BH4 depletion may limit phenylalanine metabolism and nitric oxide synthesis. We infected C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA to characterize BH4 availability and to investigate the effects of BH4 supplementation. P. berghei ANKA infection lowered BH4 in plasma, erythrocytes, and brain tissue but raised it in aorta and liver tissue. The ratio of BH4 to 7,8-BH2 (the major product of BH4 oxidation) was decreased in plasma, erythrocytes, and brain tissue, suggesting that oxidation contributes to BH4 depletion. The continuous infusion of sepiapterin (a BH4 precursor) and citrulline (an arginine precursor) raised the concentrations of BH4 and arginine in both blood and tissue compartments. The restoration of systemic BH4 and arginine availability in ...
21.3 A sub-mm 3 wireless implantable intraocular pressure monitor microsystem

Glaucoma is an eye disease, where the elevated level of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the anterior chamber of the eye can damage the optic nerve causing irreversible blindness [1]. An IOP monitoring microsystem (IMM) implanted in the interior chamber of the eye is required to take frequent IOP measurements to account for its diurnal variation and dependency on the body posture, which is not possible with the widely used tonometric measurement [2–4].
Efficient Utilization of Rare Earth Permanent-Magnet Materials and Torque Ripple Reduction in Interior Permanent-Magnet Machines

This paper proposes a new interior permanent-magnet machine (IPMM) design in which the rotor consists of several rotor segments arranged in the axial direction, aiming to improve the utilization of rare earth permanent-magnet (PM) materials and reduce the torque ripple. The proposed design is optimized to feature a ${\text{21}}\%$ reduction of rare earth PM materials and a ${\text{50}}\%$ reduction of ripple torque ratio compared with the Camry 2007 design, which uses the conventional pole-shaping technique to suppress its torque ripple. Although the torque is reduced by ${\text{9}}\%$ , the torque per magnet weight is improved by ${\text{15}}\%$ , indicating the PMs are more efficiently used in the proposed design. The designs are verified by 3-D finite element. Despite the small torque reduction, the efficiency of the proposed design is still about the same as the Camry design.
Traumatic induction of an intraoral reinfection with herpes simplex virus. Report of a case.

Abstract Intraoral ulcers developed at a traumatized site in a patient with a positive history of herpes labialis. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from the lesions. It is postulated that the trauma precipitated this intraoral reinfection by mechanisms similar to those responsible for the recurrent labial lesions.
Reciprocity Dynamics Over Time in Organizational Justice and Social Exchange

Previous research has tended to take a static perspective regarding organizational justice, linking absolute, or average, justice levels to outcomes of interest. Integrating uncertainty management ...
Insider Threat Mitigation Using Moving Target Defense and Deception

The insider threat has been subject of extensive study and many approaches from technical perspective to behavioral perspective and psychological perspective have been proposed to detect or mitigate it. However, it still remains one of the most difficult security issues to combat. In this paper, we propose an ongoing effort on developing a systematic framework to address insider threat challenges by laying a scientific foundation for defensive deception,leveraging moving target defense (MTD), an emerging technique for providing proactive security measurements, and integrating deception and MTD into attribute-based access control (ABAC).
PHYSIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS AND FUNCTION IN ASTHMA

Asthma is a condition in which there is airway hyperresponsiveness, with the propensity for widespread, reversible airways narrowing on exposure to diverse inciting factors (triggers). Inhalation of nonspecific agents such as methacholine or histamine leads to bronchoconstriction in most cases, and in some, the bronchoconstriction follows exposure to specific agents such as antigen or occupational irritants. Chest tightness and cough, which are the most common symptoms of asthma, are probably the result of inflammation mucus plugs, edema, or smooth muscle constriction in the small peripheral airways. Because major obstruction of the peripheral airways can occur without recognizable increases of airway resistance or FEV1, the physiologic alterations in acute exacerbations are generally subtle in the early stages. Poorly ventilated alveoli subtending obstructed bronchioles continue to be perfused, and as a consequence, the P(A-a)O2 increases and the PaO2 decreases. At this stage, ventilation is generally increased, with excessive elimination of carbon dioxide and respiratory alkalemia. In the more severe exacerbation, lung volume is increased and the static volume-pressure curve is shifted up (lung volume is greater) and to the left (pressure is lower) while the shape of the curve is unaltered. The airway obstruction is reversible and there is generally improvement in air flow rates following administration of beta-agonists and anti-inflammatory agents. The changes in mechanical properties are also reversible, and therapeutic intervention usually results in a shift of the PV curve downward toward the normal position, for example, a decrease in TLC and an increase in the elastic recoil pressure at any particular lung volume. Failure to take these changes into account may underestimate the impact of therapy. The PaO2 decreases (and the P(A-a)O2 increases) as the work of breathing increases, and when it becomes excessive (and/or the FEV1 falls below 20% to 25%), the PaCO2 begins to increase. Therefore, in any patient with asthma, a decreasing PaO2 and an increasing PaCO2, even into the normal range, indicates severe airway obstruction that is leading to respiratory muscle fatigue and patient exhaustion.
The management problem

This chapter addresses what is known as ‘‘the agency problem,’’ recognizing that when an agent holds someone else's capital, the agent's objectives are often different from the owner's. A company offering property management services, like any firm, wishes to maximize net profit by increasing revenue and lowering costs. The rule adopted to accomplish this is called the firm's ‘‘production function.’’ To create this function one assumes that the firm generates revenue as management fees and incurs two broad classes of expenses: (1) these are in-house costs, consisting primarily of accounting services rendered to owners. For simplicity these are assumed to be fixed. (2) This involves dispatching an employee to visit and inspect the properties under management. The latter costs are variable and are generally referred to as ‘‘transaction costs'’ because each visit to a property involves a transaction that incurs some travel expense.
Enterotoxic clostridia: Clostridium perfringens enteric diseases

In humans and livestock, Clostridium perfringens is an important cause of intestinal infections that manifest as enteritis, enterocolitis, or enterotoxemia. This virulence is largely related to the toxin-producing ability of C. perfringens. This article primarily focuses on the C. perfringens type F strains that cause a very common type of human food poisoning and many cases of nonfoodborne human gastrointestinal diseases. The enteric virulence of type F strains is dependent on their ability to produce C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE). CPE has a unique amino acid sequence but belongs structurally to the aerolysin pore-forming toxin family. The action of CPE begins with binding of the toxin to claudin receptors, followed by oligomerization of the bound toxin into a prepore on the host membrane surface. Each CPE molecule in the prepore then extends a beta-hairpin to form, collectively, a beta-barrel membrane pore that kills cells by increasing calcium influx. The cpe gene is typically encoded on the chromosome of type F food poisoning strains but is encoded by conjugative plasmids in nonfoodborne human gastrointestinal disease type F strains. During disease, CPE is produced when C. perfringens sporulates in the intestines. Beyond type F strains, C. perfringens type C strains producing beta-toxin and type A strains producing a toxin named CPILE or BEC have been associated with human intestinal infections. C. perfringens is also an important cause of enteritis, enterocolitis, and enterotoxemia in livestock and poultry due to intestinal growth and toxin production.
Pulmonary transit time from contrast echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: Comparison between modalities and the impact of region of interest characteristics.

INTRODUCTION The degree of correlation of pulmonary transit time (PTT) between contrast echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across the spectrum of cardiac disease has not been quantified. In addition, the degree to which PTT estimates are affected by variation in location and size of regions of interest (ROI) is unknown. METHODS Pulmonary transit time was obtained using an inflection point technique from individuals that underwent contrast echocardiography and cardiac MRI. Right ventricular, left atrial, and left ventricular ROIs were evaluated, and two sizes for each ROI were used. The Spearman correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis were used for comparisons between modalities. Bland-Altman plots were also used to measure the impact of ROI size and location on transit times. RESULTS Fourteen participants (age: 27-64 years; LV ejection fraction: 30%-60%) underwent both studies a median of 1 week apart. The correlation between modalities was significant for PTT (r = 0.65; P = 0.01) and normalized PTT (r = 0.80; P = 0.001). Cardiac MRI yielded transit times consistently higher than contrast echocardiography (bias ~ 1.4 seconds), but the discordance was not dependent on transit time magnitude. Low bias was observed for comparisons of ROI size and location (<0.5 seconds). CONCLUSIONS Contrast echocardiography underestimates transit time measurements obtained by cardiac MRI, although the discrepancy was systematic and may have been contributed to by the interval between imaging studies. ROI location and size did not impact transit time values, suggesting that ROIs could be placed without intensive training, a step toward incorporation of real-time PTT measurement into echocardiographic laboratory workflow.
Cu SAPO 34 One Pot Hydrothermal Preparation Method for Particular Copper Configuration

Two different routes of synthesis were followed in order to compare the surface properties of two Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts. The direct copper incorporation during the hydrothermal synthesis, compared to the conventional impregnation method, allowed us to study the impact of active centers location on the catalytic activity during both the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 and the NH3 oxidation. X-ray diffraction, ex-situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were performed to know the copper location and its state for each catalysts. A unique location of the copper oxide at the surface of the synthesized catalyst was observed when the hydrothermal process was used. For similar Cu contents in the catalysts, different catalytic behaviors during the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 and during the NH3 oxidation were observed as a consequence of the specific activity of the copper clusters. Indeed, some cations in exchanged position were detected when the impregnation method was used, allowing high SCR performance at low temperature. On the other hand, the small copper clusters at the surface and the exchanged cations exhibited a certain NH3 oxidation at low temperature, hindering DeNOx activity. Catalyst with mainly large copper clusters and no appreciable occurrence of exchanged Cu2+ present in a range of temperatures, limited NH3 oxidation and high SCR performance.
Three-Dimensional Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability: Magnetic Field Amplification by a Turbulent Dynamo

Magnetic field strengths inferred for relativistic outflows including gamma-ray bursts (GRB) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) are larger than naively expected by orders of magnitude. We present three-dimensional relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations demonstrating amplification and saturation of magnetic field by a macroscopic turbulent dynamo triggered by the Kelv in-Helmholtz shear instability. We find rapid growth of electromagnetic energy due to the stretching and folding of field lines in the turbulent velocity field resulting from non-linear development of the instability. Using conditions relevant for GRB internal shocks and late phases of GRB afterglow, we obtain amplification of the e lectromagnetic energy fraction to ǫB ∼ 5 × 10 -3 . This value decays slowly after the shear is dissipated and appears to be largely independent of the initial field strength. The conditions required for operation of the dynamo are the presence of velocity shear and some seed magnetization both of which are expected to be commonplace. We also find that the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum for the case studied obeys Kolmogorov’s 5 /3 law and that the electromagnetic energy spectrum is essentially flat with the bulk of the electromagnetic energy at small scales. Subject headings: instabilities ‐ magnetic fields ‐ MHD ‐ methods: numerical ‐ r elativity ‐ turbulence ‐ gamma rays: bursts
Efficient GPU tree walks for effective distributed n-body simulations

N-body problems, such as simulating the motion of stars in a galaxy, are popularly solved using tree codes like Barnes-Hut. ChaNGa is a best-of-breed n-body platform that uses an asymptotically-efficient tree traversal strategy known as a dual-tree walk to quickly determine which bodies need to interact with each other to provide an accurate simulation result. However, this strategy does not work well on GPUs, due to the highly-irregular nature of the dual-tree algorithm. On GPUs, ChaNGa uses a hybrid strategy where the CPU performs the tree walk to determine which bodies interact while the GPU performs the force computation. In this paper, we show that a highly-optimized single-tree walk approach is able to achieve better GPU performance by significantly accelerating the tree walk and reducing CPU/GPU communication. Our experiments show that this new design can achieve a 8.25× speedup over baseline ChaNGa using a one node, one process per node configuration.