cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Restored Stream Buffers on Water Quality in Non-tidal Streams in the Choptank River Basin

Restoration of riparian buffers is an important component of nutrient reduction strategies in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In 1998, Maryland adopted a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), which provides financial incentives to take agricultural land out of production to plant streamside vegetation. Between 1998 and 2005, 1–30% of streamside vegetation (average = 11%), was restored to forest or managed grass in 15 agriculturally dominated sub-basins in the Choptank River basin, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay. Pre-existing forested buffers represented 10–48% of the streamside (average = 33%), for a total of 12–61% buffered streamsides (average = 44%). Using multi-year water quality data collected before and after CREP implementation (1986, 2003–2006), we were unable to detect significant effects of CREP on baseflow nutrient concentrations based on the area of restored buffer, the percentage of restored streamside, or the percentage of total riparian buffer in the sub-basins (p > 0.05). Although CREP increased the average buffered streamside from 33% in the 1990s to 44% by 2005, N and P concentrations have not changed or have increased in some streams over the last 20 years. Reductions may not have occurred for the following reasons: (1) buffer age, width, and connectivity (gaps) between buffers are also important to nutrient reductions; (2) agricultural nutrient inputs may have increased during this period; and (3) riparian buffer restoration was not extensive enough by 2005 to have measurable affects on the stream water quality in these sub-basins. Significant effects of CREP may yet be resolved as the current CREP buffers mature; however, water quality data through 2006 in the Choptank basin do not yet show any significant effects.
Oblivious enforcement of hidden information release policies

In a computing system, sensitive data must be protected by release policies that determine which principals are authorized to access that data. In some cases, such a release policy could refer to information about the requesting principal that is unavailable to the information provider. Furthermore, the release policy itself may contain sensitive information about the resource that it protects. In this paper we describe a scheme for enforcing information release policies whose satisfaction cannot be verified by the entity holding the protected information, but only by the entity requesting this information. Not only does our scheme prevent the information provider from learning whether the policy was satisfied, but it also hides the information release policy being enforced from the requesting principal. Unlike previous approaches, our construction requires no guesswork or wasted computation on the part of the information requester. The information release policies that we consider can contain third-party assertions that themselves have release conditions that must be satisfied; we show that our system functions correctly even when these dependencies form cycles.
The young diagrams of a pair of irreducible characters of Sn with the same zero set on Snɛ

In studying the pairs of irreducible characters of the symmetric group Sn with the same zero set on An or Sn ∖ An (as well as the pairs of irreducible characters with the same zero set on the alternating group An), the results are important on the connection between the Young diagrams of the characters of these pairs. We prove a theorem that considerably generalizes two previous results of frequent use in this direction.
Histocompatibility Antigens and Gold Toxicity: A Preliminary Report

To investigate the possibility that genetic factors are involved in the outcome of gold salt therapy for arthritis, histocompatibility antigens (HLA) were determined for 32 patients treated with gold salts. A comparison of patients who achieved remission following gold therapy with those who did not failed to demonstrate any difference in HLA antigens. Patients who had experienced adverse reactions during gold therapy were found to have an increased frequency of the HLA-B12 antigen. Gold toxicity occurred in 69.2 per cent (9/13) of patients with the B12 antigen, compared with 26.3 per cent (5/19) of patients without the antigen (P = 0.035).
Dose Ratio of X-rays to Fast Neutrons in producing Dominant Lethals in Flour Beetles, Tribolium castaneum

GENETIC effects of radiations of varying relative biological effectiveness on germ cells in different stages of development and differentiation have been examined in mice1,2 and Drosophila3,4. The authors found similar relative biological effectiveness values on the basis of radiation-induced dominant lethals (50 per cent) or recessive lethals. Earlier work5 showed that the frequencies of fast neutron-induced chromosome aberrations (a measure of relative biological effectiveness) were similar for Drosophila and Tradescantia.
Solution-processed zinc-tin oxide thin-film transistors with high performance and improved uniformity

Amorphous metal-oxide semiconductors have attracted a significant amount of attention in the past few years because of their high mobility, stability in ambient air and potential to be processed by solution approaches. Performance uniformity throughout a sample is very important for all kinds of solution processes, including spin coating, inkjet printing and drop casting. Thickness variation [1] and annealing process are two main sources of performance fluctuation. In this study, we combined solution-processed zinc tin oxide (ZTO) and solution-processed high-k dielectric, ZrO 2 [2], to study the effect of pre-bake before the ZTO annealing on the device performance and performance uniformity. A top contact structure (Fig. 1) is employed while the substrate and the gate electrode are glass and AuPd, respectively.
Non-resonant multiphoton ionization and fragmentation patterns of selected low-mass hydrocarbons: acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, isobutylene and cis-2-butene

Abstract We report the investigation of the non-resonant multiphoton ionization (MPI) fragmentation patterns of acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, isobutylene and cis-2-butene at 532 and 355 nm over a range of laser pulse energies. The results for acetylene at both wavelengths show that MPI of this neutral species may be important in the consideration of possible precursors of the ions C+ , CH+, C+ 2, C2H+ and C2H+ 2 commonly observed in MPI spectra of larger systems. Near-constant dependences of ionic fragmentation ratios on laser pulse energy for these systems approach the class C behavior defined previously.
Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Metal-Metal Bonded Ruthenium Porphyrin Dimer Cation.

The crystal structure, ESR, and solution magnetic susceptibility of a cationic porphyrin dimer, [Ru(TPP)]2PF6 (TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato dianion) are reported. The structure exhibits an Ru−Ru bond length of 2.293(2) A, which is characteristic of Ru25+ centers. ESR (g⊥ = 1.993, g∥ = 1.953) and solution magnetic moment (μeff = 1.85 BM) measurements are consistent with a molecular orbital diagram, σ2π4δ2δ*2π*1, which differs from that observed for isoelectronic Ru25+ systems with bridging ligands.
A prospective study of leukocyte telomere length and risk of renal cell carcinoma.

Background: It has been hypothesized that genomic instability related to telomere dysfunction may contribute to carcinogenesis. There is some evidence from case–control studies suggesting that short leukocyte telomere length may be associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, this association has not been investigated prospectively. Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study (209 cases, 410 controls) of RCC risk in relation to prediagnostic leukocyte telomere length in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results: Leukocyte telomere length was not significantly associated with future risk of RCC (highest quartile vs. lowest: OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5–1.5; P trend = 0.6). Analyses stratified by sex, age, and time from blood collection to RCC diagnosis were similarly null. Conclusions: The results of this study, to our knowledge the first prospective investigation of its kind, do not support an association between prediagnostic leukocyte telomere length and risk of RCC. Impact: In contrast to some earlier reports, our findings add to the evidence that leukocyte telomere length is not a biomarker of risk related to the etiology of RCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 1–4. ©2013 AACR .
The Medicare World From Both Sides: A Conversation With Tom Scully

Tom Scully, administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the nation’s largest health insurer, discusses the Medicare program with Princeton University economist Uwe Reinhardt. Scully’s previous appointments in both the public and private sectors have given him a diverse set of experiences from which to draw in his current position. He praises the agency’s staff for devising innovations to cope with a changing health care environment, praises the program for continuing to meet most seniors’ needs, and staunchly defends the Bush administration’s focus on the private sector as the way forward for Medicare.
Switching-Converter-Only Multiphase Envelope Modulator With Slew Rate Enhancer for LTE Power Amplifier Applications

With ever-growing energy crisis in wireless communication, effective envelope tracking solutions are in high demand for efficient operation of power amplifiers. Conventionally, a linear regulator is utilized to assist a switching converter to achieve fast tracking performance, but is highly inefficient. To overcome such an efficiency limitation, a dual-phase switching-converter-only topology is proposed in this paper. Synchronized adaptive voltage tracking control is introduced, which enables both clock synchronization and fast response for high-speed envelope tracking. To mitigate the inductor current slew rate limit of the switching converter, a push–pull slew rate enhancer (SRE) is designed. The SRE only operates when the switching converter reaches its inductor current slew rate limit, thereby maximizing the efficiency. The proposed envelope modulator is fabricated with a 0.18-μm CMOS process, achieving 85.8% peak efficiency at 1.5 W, tracking a 10-MHz LTE envelope.
The Effects of Special Education Labels on Teachers' Behavioral Observations, Checklist Scores, and Grading of Academic Work.

Abstract This study addressed the question: Do special education labels bias teachers' evaluations of children? Thirty primary level teachers were given different labels for the same child: learning disabled, educable mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, normal, or no label. Teachers made behavioral observations from the same video-tape, completed a checklist, and graded the same academic work purportedly completed by the target child. Teachers' behavioral observations and grading of the academic work were not influenced by the special education labels, but the checklist scores were. Implications for the philosophical debate about the effects of labeling and for methods of classroom data collection by teachers are discussed.
Field effects in the CNS play functional roles.

An endogenous electrical field effect, i.e. ephaptic transmission, occurs when an electric field associated with activity occurring in one neuron polarizes the membrane of another neuron. It is well established that field effects occur during pathological conditions, such as epilepsy, but less clear if they play a functional role in the healthy brain. Here, we describe the principles of field effect interactions, discuss identified field effects in diverse brain structures from the teleost Mauthner cell to the mammalian cortex, and speculate on the function of these interactions. Recent evidence supports that relatively weak endogenous and exogenous field effects in laminar structures reach significance because they are amplified by network interactions. Such interactions may be important in rhythmogenesis for the cortical slow wave and hippocampal sharp wave-ripple, and also during transcranial stimulation.
Epigenetic regulation of human embryonic stem cells.

Recently, there has been tremendous progress in characterizing the transcriptional network regulating hESCs (MacArthur et al., 2009; Loh et al., 2011), including those signaling events mediated by Oct4, Nanog and Sox2. There is growing interest in the epigenetic machinery involved in hESC self-renewal and differentiation. In general, epigenetic regulation includeschromatin reorganization, DNA modification and histone modification, which are not directly related to alterations in DNA sequences. Various protein complexes, includingPolycomb, trithorax, NuRD, SWI/SNF andOct4, have been shown to play critical roles in epigenetic control of hESC maintenance and differentiation. Hence, we will formally review recent advances in unraveling the multifaceted role of epigenetic regulation in hESC self-renewal and induced differentiation, particularly with respect to chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation events. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance/differentiation of hESCs and reprogramming of somatic cells will greatly strengthen our capacity to generate various types of cells to treat human diseases.
Identification of a sequence element immediately upstream of the polypurine tract that is essential for replication of simian immunodeficiency virus

A short stretch of T-rich sequences immediately upstream of the polypurine tract (PPT) is highly conserved in the proviral genomes of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV). To investigate whether this ‘U-box’ influences SIVmac239 replication, we analyzed the properties of mutants with changes in this region of the viral genome. All mutants were either retarded in their growth (up to one month delay) or did not replicate detectably in CEMx174 cells. When U-box mutants did replicate detectably, compensatory changes were consistently observed in the viral genome. The most common compensatory change was the acquisition of thymidines immediately upstream of the PPT, but marked expansion in the length of the PPT was also observed. U-box mutants produced transiently by transfection were severely impaired in their ability to produce reverse transcripts in infectivity assays. Analysis of transiently produced mutant virus revealed no defect in RNA packaging or virus assembly. These results identify a new structural element important for an early step in the viral life cycle that includes reverse transcription.
Kinetics of constant gravitropic stimulus responses in Arabidopsis roots using a feedback system

The study of gravitropism is hindered by the fact that as a root responds, the gravitational stimulus changes. Using a feedback system to connect a rotating stage platform to a video digitizer system, we were able to maintain a constant angle of gravistimulation to Arabidopsis roots for long time periods. The rate of curvature approximated the sine rule for angles of stimulation between 20 degrees and 120 degrees. For a given angle of stimulation, the rate of curvature also remained constant, with no observed diminishment of the response. Although previous reports of Arabidopsis root gravitropism suggest latent periods of approximately 30 min, using a smooth mechanical stage to reorient the root, we observed a mean time lag of approximately 10 min. This more rapid onset of curvature can, in part, be explained by reduced mechanical perturbation during the process of gravistimulation. This suggests that mechanical stimulation associated with rapid root re-orientation may confound investigations of early gravitropic events.
STAMP: a web tool for exploring DNA-binding motif similarities

STAMP is a newly developed web server that is designed to support the study of DNA-binding motifs. STAMP may be used to query motifs against databases of known motifs; the software aligns input motifs against the chosen database (or alternatively against a user-provided dataset), and lists of the highest-scoring matches are returned. Such similarity-search functionality is expected to facilitate the identification of transcription factors that potentially interact with newly discovered motifs. STAMP also automatically builds multiple alignments, familial binding profiles and similarity trees when more than one motif is inputted. These functions are expected to enable evolutionary studies on sets of related motifs and fixed-order regulatory modules, as well as illustrating similarities and redundancies within the input motif collection. STAMP is a highly flexible alignment platform, allowing users to ‘mix-and-match’ between various implemented comparison metrics, alignment methods (local or global, gapped or ungapped), multiple alignment strategies and tree-building methods. Motifs may be inputted as frequency matrices (in many of the commonly used formats), consensus sequences, or alignments of known binding sites. STAMP also directly accepts the output files from 12 supported motif-finders, enabling quick interpretation of motif-discovery analyses. STAMP is available at http://www.benoslab.pitt.edu/stamp
Oxidized Cholesterol in the Diet Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor– and Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Abstract—The aim of the current study was to determine whether oxidized cholesterol in the diet accelerates atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor– (LDLR) and apolipoprotein E– (apo E) deficient mice. Mice were fed either a control diet or a diet containing oxidized cholesterol. For LDLR-deficient mice, the control diet consisted of regular mouse chow to which 1.0% cholesterol was added. The oxidized diet was identical to the control diet except that 5% of the added cholesterol was oxidized. In apo E–deficient mice, the control diet contained 0.15% cholesterol, whereas in the oxidized diet, 5% of the added cholesterol was oxidized. LDLR-deficient and apo E–deficient mice were fed the experimental diets for 7 and 4 months, respectively. In mice fed the oxidized-cholesterol diets, the levels of oxidized cholesterol in sera were increased. At the end of the experiment, aortas were removed and atherosclerosis was assessed. We found that in LDLR-deficient mice, feeding of an oxidized-cholesterol d...
MECHANISM OF SIRTUIN INHIBITION BY NICOTINAMIDE: ALTERING THE NAD+ COSUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY OF A SIR2 ENZYME

Sir2 enzymes form a unique class of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases required for diverse biological processes, including transcriptional silencing, regulation of apoptosis, fat mobilization, and lifespan regulation. Sir2 activity is regulated by nicotinamide, a noncompetitive inhibitor that promotes a base-exchange reaction at the expense of deacetylation. To elucidate the mechanism of nicotinamide inhibition, we determined ternary complex structures of Sir2 enzymes containing nicotinamide. The structures show that free nicotinamide binds in a conserved pocket that participates in NAD(+) binding and catalysis. Based on our structures, we engineered a mutant that deacetylates peptides by using nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) as a cosubstrate and is inhibited by nicotinic acid. The characteristics of the altered specificity enzyme establish that Sir2 enzymes contain a single site that participates in catalysis and nicotinamide regulation and provides additional insights into the Sir2 catalytic mechanism.
Two-Year Trajectory of Stimulant Use in 18- to 21-Year-Old Rural African Americans

ABSTRACT Little is known about stimulant use trajectories of rural African American youth. The purpose of the present study is to explore substance use over 24 months in 98 African Americans, ages 18 to 21, who used cocaine or methamphetamine 30 days prior to baseline. The majority was male, unemployed, and had not graduated from high school. At baseline, almost half of the participants met criteria for abuse/dependence of cocaine—the primary stimulant used—which decreased to 25% by the final follow-up. Similar decreases were noted in rates of alcohol and marijuana abuse/dependence, although monthly use remained high. Participants reported minimal utilization of mental health or substance abuse services, but demonstrated significant improvements on physical and mental health measures. In summary, cocaine use declined, but other substances were used at high rates, suggesting a significant need for intervention services that address multisubstance use in rural areas.
First-trimester prediction of pre-eclampsia: external validity of algorithms in a prospectively enrolled cohort

Objective To evaluate the performance of published first-trimester prediction algorithms for pre-eclampsia (PE) in a prospectively enrolled cohort of women. Method A MEDLINE search identified first-trimester screening-prediction algorithms for early-onset (requiring delivery < 34 weeks) and late-onset (requiring delivery ≥ 34 weeks) PE. Maternal variables, ultrasound parameters and biomarkers were determined prospectively in singleton pregnancies enrolled between 9 and 14 weeks. Prediction algorithms were applied to this population to calculate predicted probabilities for PE. The performance of the prediction algorithms was compared with that in the original publication and evaluated for factors explaining differences in prediction. Results Six early and two late PE prediction algorithms were applicable to 871–2962 women, depending on the variables required. The prevalence of early PE was 1.0–1.2% and of late PE was 4.1–5.0% in these patient subsets. One early PE prediction algorithm performed better than in the original publication (80% detection rate (DR) of early PE for 10% false-positive rate (FPR)); the remaining five prediction algorithms underperformed (29–53% DR). Prediction algorithms for late PE also underperformed (18–31% DR, 10% FPR). Applying the screening cut-offs based on the highest Youden index probability scores correctly detected 40–80% of women developing early PE and 71–82% who developed late PE. Exclusion of patients on first-trimester aspirin resulted in DRs of 40–83% and 65–82% for early and late PE, respectively. Conclusion First-trimester prediction algorithms for PE share a high negative predictive value if applied to an external population but underperform in their ability to correctly identify women who develop PE. Further research is required to determine the factors responsible for the suboptimal external validity. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Passe-Partout: A General Collection Methodology for Android Devices

Like computers, mobile devices are both used to commit and are the subject of crimes. Digital forensics collection and analysis techniques need to adapt to cope with the unique characteristics of mobile devices. Fortunately, the rapid adoption of such devices has also resulted in a relatively homogeneous set of software platforms. In this paper, we describe a general methodology for performing digital forensic data collection on Android-based devices. By re-purposing a special Android boot mode, comprehensive extraction of evidence, with minimal potential for data corruption or omission, is possible.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia—pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia comprises a unique group of human neoplastic diseases that derive from fetal trophoblastic tissues and represent semiallografts in patients. This group is composed of choriocarcinoma, placental-site trophoblastic tumour, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour, and many forms are derived from the precursor lesions, hydatidiform moles. Although most patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia are cured by chemotherapy and tumour resection, some patients suffer from metastatic diseases that are refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, new therapeutic regimens are needed to reduce the toxic effects associated with current chemotherapy and to salvage the occasional non-operable patients with recurrent and chemoresistant disease. Until the fundamental biology of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia becomes more clearly understood, development of a new treatment will remain empirical. This review will briefly summarise the recent advances in understanding the molecular aetiology of this group of diseases and highlight the molecules that can be potentially used for therapeutic targets to treat metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
Microsatellite primers in the white proteas (Protea section Exsertae, Proteaceae), a rapidly radiating lineage.

 Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed in the South African sclerophyllous shrub Protea punctata to investigate the degree of population differentiation within and between P. punctata and closely related species.  Methods and Results: 10 primer pairs were identifi ed from three individuals of Protea punctata. The primers amplifi ed di- and tri-nucleotide repeats. Across all P. punctata samples, the loci have 8 – 49 alleles. All primers also amplifi ed in Protea section Exsertae ( P. aurea, P. aurea subsp. potbergensis, P. mundii, P. venusta, P. lacticolor, and P. subvestita ). The loci had 14 – 69 alleles across the subgenus.  Conclusions: These results show the broad utility of microsatellite loci for future studies of population genetics in the white proteas and their potential utility across the entire genus.
Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma: Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Observations

Five canine cutaneous histiocytomas were studied by electron microscopy and esterase cytochemistry. The tumor cells contained irregular nuclei, characteristic lysosomal granules, and perinuclear microfilaments. The cells showed activity with alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase stains. These characteristics are evidence that this tumor originates from the mononuclear phagocyte system.
Who Is Watching and Who Is Playing: Parental Engagement with Children at a Hands-On Science Center

ABSTRACT Family interactions are common phenomenon at visits to science centers and natural history museums. Through interactions the family can support each other as the members individually and collectively learn from their visits. Interaction is particularly important between child(ren) and parent, which may be facilitated by media provided to parents. The author's research focused on the value added of print resources or video resources designed to support parent interactions with their child(ren) during a visit to a science center. What the author found was a variety of need and expectations for the support media that limited the usefulness of what was provided to the visitors. During the research the author also observed some variations in how parents interacted with their child(ren) based on the configurations of the families. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.
Effect of intravenous amino acids on glutamine and protein kinetics in low-birth-weight preterm infants during the immediate neonatal period

Glutamine may be a conditionally essential amino acid in low-birth-weight (LBW) preterm neonates. Exogenously administered amino acids, by providing anaplerotic carbon into the tricarboxylic acid c...
Regeneration in Planaria

Inmetazoans,regenerationoflostbodypartsrequiringtheformationofablastemaisknownasepimorphicregenera-tion. A blastema is composed primarily of two cellpopulations:anoutercelllayerorectoderm,derivedfromtheepidermisthatcoversthewoundsurfaceafteramputa-tion/ﬁssion; andmesenchymal cells thatproliferate andaccumulate beneath this wound epidermis, eventuallydiﬀerentiating into the lost body parts (
An Architecture to Simplify Communicating Applications

This paper presents an overview of an architecture to facilitate the creation of communicating applications for handheld computers. We briefly introduce the overall goals of the project, the application model, and then describe the key features that support communicating application programs. Finally we walk through the execution of a communicating application to observe the application model in use. This paper only discusses hardware and operating system issues as they relate to applications. Communications issues, such as modem dialing or wreless considerations are not covered, as they are hidden from most application programs"
Late Quaternary Stratigraphic Evolution of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Margin, SEPM Special Publication No. 79

John B. Anderson and Richard H. Fillon (Eds.), 2004, SEPM, Tulsa, USA, 314 p. (Hardcover, US $135.00 non-members, US $97.00 members, US $68.00 student members) ISBN 1-56576-088-3. Sequence stratigraphy has advanced significantly over the past few decades. It is not that the fundamental concepts have changed— namely that periodic variations in the ratio of accommodation to sediment supply over time shift sedimentation basinward or landward, producing systematic facies trends between regional stratigraphic discontinuities. Rather, it is that our understanding of how depositional systems respond to larger-scale controls has become more sophisticated. Two-dimensional models of sequence development may be a good introduction for those starting out, but they fail to capture the importance of spatial shifts in the locus of deposition and erosion and the evolution of depositional environments that really control stratal geometries and the distribution of facies within the stratigraphic record. Within stratigraphic successions, there generally is a complex hierarchy of depositional variations produced by a variety of autocyclic and allocyclic controls. Stratigraphy reflects not just the regression and transgression of shorelines, but also changes in depositional processes and patterns of facies preservation within systems tracts, development of a range of discontinuities formed in areas of both local and regional sediment bypass or starvation, and the expansion of deposition during progradation onto shelves or confinement of deposition and sediment transport pathways by surface topography, spatially varying subsidence rates, or development of shoreline embayments during shoreline retreat. It is increasingly recognized that most vertical successions of strata record only brief fragments of geologic history; to read the entire record, one must understand how to follow the history of deposition spatially across the system. The authors who contributed to this SEPM special publication set an ambitious agenda: to document and interpret controlling processes of sequence architecture and internal facies across the …
The OPUS Effect: An Investigation of how Magnum OPUS may Influence Athletic Performance

The goal of this study was to investigate the Magnum OPUS supplement in terms of its ability to enhance athletic performance and possess a tolerable safety profile. Two groups (placebo and experimental) performed a series of exercises (pushups, dips, squats, lunges) with each repetition being recorded and compared to the baseline. Upon completion of four sessions by all twenty participants, the results were scored and significant differences were noted (t(18)= -5.41, p < 0.001, 95% CI [-24.25, -10.68]). In addition, participants recorded all adverse effects experienced with the use of the supplement. It was concluded that the participants taking OPUS had a significant increase in athletic performance when compared against the placebo group. OPUS was shown to be a reasonably safe supplement that may help athletes with their training and other athletic activities.
SSC Dipole Magnet Manufacturing Facility Implementation

General Dynamics has been selected to complete the design, develop the manufacturing systems, and begin production of the dipole magnets for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) in its facility in Hammond, Louisiana. The purpose of this article is to document recent development in the manufacturing facilities plan for SSC dipole magnets (CDM). These achievements are the result of the concurrent engineering effort in the SSC Program on the design and manufacturing of the magnet systems.
Ecological Inferences from Mandibular Morphology of Peromyscus maniculatus

Discriminant function analysis of mandibles of Peromyscus maniculatus from New Mexico and Arizona reveals that animals living in different habitats—woodlands and grasslands—have different mandibular morphologies. Mandibles from individuals trapped in woodland habitats are slightly longer, with a greater depth of the ramus below the first molar and a larger diastemal region, than mandibles from individuals trapped in grassland (open) habitats. A similar range of morphology occurs in samples of prehistoric (600–900 years old) specimens from the study areas, but the woodland morphotype constitutes a larger proportion of the prehistoric samples. Mandibular morphology of rodents may be influenced by diet, especially during the period of growth between weaning and early adulthood. Dietary differences between animals in woodland versus grassland habitats may account for the observed morphological patterns.
Evaluating geothermal and hydrogeologic controls on regional groundwater temperature distribution

Author(s): Burns, ER; Ingebritsen, SE; Manga, M; Williams, CF | Abstract: A one-dimensional (1-D) analytic solution is developed for heat transport through an aquifer system where the vertical temperature profile in the aquifer is nearly uniform. The general anisotropic form of the viscous heat generation term is developed for use in groundwater flow simulations. The 1-D solution is extended to more complex geometries by solving the equation for piece-wise linear or uniform properties and boundary conditions. A moderately complex example, the Eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP), is analyzed to demonstrate the use of the analytic solution for identifying important physical processes. For example, it is shown that viscous heating is variably important and that heat conduction to the land surface is a primary control on the distribution of aquifer and spring temperatures. Use of published values for all aquifer and thermal properties results in a reasonable match between simulated and measured groundwater temperatures over most of the 300 km length of the ESRP, except for geothermal heat flow into the base of the aquifer within 20 km of the Yellowstone hotspot. Previous basal heat flow measurements (110 mW/m2) made beneath the ESRP aquifer were collected at distances of g50 km from the Yellowstone Plateau, but a higher basal heat flow of 150 mW/m2 is required to match groundwater temperatures near the Plateau. The ESRP example demonstrates how the new tool can be used during preliminary analysis of a groundwater system, allowing efficient identification of the important physical processes that must be represented during more-complex 2-D and 3-D simulations of combined groundwater and heat flow.
Determination of Gatifloxacin and Moxifloxacin in Whole Blood by HPLC Coupled with Fluorescence Detection

OBJECTIVE To develop a sensitive and accurate method for the determination of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection(HPLC-FLD).METHODS After gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in whole blood were extracted by phosphate buffer,the sample was cleaned with solid-phase extraction(SPE) using Oasis MAX cartridges.The separation was performed on Cloversil -C18 column(3.0 mm ×150 mm,5 μm)using the mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid(15:15:70).Detection was carried out on a fluorescence detection at λex 288 nm and λem 493 nm.RESULTS Calibration curves were linear within the range of 15.0-240.0 μg·L-1,and the extraction recoveries were from 97.7% to 101.3%,the RSDs were less than 6.0%.The limits of quantification were found to be 15.0 μg·L-1.CONCLUSION This method is found to be simple,sensitive,little interferential and good specificity for the determination of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in whole blood.
Future of Critical Care Medicine

This chapter reviews progress in various current medical research areas and emphasizes the possibility of a future translating them to the real practice in critical care setting. Variation in human genomics can be used in many aspects such as disease prediction, outcome prognostication, and choosing the right treatment for patients. Gut microbiome has gained increasing acceptance in its ability to maintain body homeostasis and control general health of humans. Promising outcomes of cell-based therapy predict the future that more diseases will rely on the treatment with stem cells and that physicians will encounter more patients with organ transplant. New therapeutic strategies of sepsis and ARDS are discussed together with multimodality approaches to neuroprotection. Finally, advances in technology are mentioned in terms of the development of more reliable monitoring devices, more sophisticated operating systems, and novel medications.
Approaches and Challenges to Managing Nosema (Microspora: Nosematidae) Parasites in Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies

The microsporidia Nosema apis (Zander) and Nosema ceranae (Fries) are common intestinal parasites in honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) colonies. Though globally prevalent, there are mixed reports of Nosema infection costs, with some regions reporting high parasite virulence and colony losses, while others report high Nosema prevalence but few costs. Basic and applied studies are urgently needed to help beekeepers effectively manage Nosema spp., ideally through an integrated pest management approach that allows beekeepers to deploy multiple strategies to control Nosema when Nosema is likely to cause damage to the colonies, rather than using prophylactic treatments. Beekeepers need practical and affordable technologies that facilitate disease diagnosis and science-backed guidelines that recommend when, if at all, to treat infections. In addition, new treatment methods are needed, as there are several problems associated with the chemical use of fumagillin (the only currently extensively studied, but not globally available treatment) to control Nosema parasites. Though selective breeding of Nosema -resistant or tolerant bees may offer a long-term, sustainable solution to Nosema management, other treatments are needed in the interim. Furthermore, the validation of alternative treatment efficacy in field settings is needed along with toxicology assays to ensure that treatments do not have unintended, adverse effects on honey bees or humans. Finally, given variation in Nosema virulence, development of regional management guidelines, rather than universal guidelines, may provide optimal and cost-effective Nosema management, though more research is needed before regional plans can be developed.
The State of Robust Optimization

This survey presents a broad overview of the developments in robust optimization over the past 5 years, i.e., between 2011 and 2015. We highlight the advancement of knowledge both with respect to the theory of robust optimization and application areas. From a theoretical standpoint, we describe novel findings in static and multi-stage decision making, the connection with stochastic optimization, distributional robustness and robust nonlinear optimization. In terms of application areas, we consider inventory and logistics, finance, revenue management and health care. We conclude with guidelines for researchers interested in immunizing their problem against uncertainty.
Plotting Transfer Functions

This appendix gives several simple MATLAB scripts to interactively plot the transfer function for CTEM and STEM. This is a simple and relatively easy to use approach to investigate the transfer function.
Changes in Epidermal Lipids and Sebum Secretion with Aging

Publisher Summary Regarding human skin, there is general agreement that the water barrier of the skin actually improves with age as judged by transepidermal water loss measurements, or by measurement of permeability to tritiated water. However, after damage, recovery of barrier function is impaired. In aged skin, the lipid content of the stratum corneum is decreased compared to young skin. Nevertheless, the permeability of aged skin to water is superior due to the increased size of the corneocytes. It is yet to be determined if aged skin also has a superior barrier to compounds other than water. Aged skin recovers from damage more slowly than young skin. Human sebaceous lipids consist of squalene, wax esters, cholesterol esters, and triglycerides. At the skin surface, some of the triglycerides are hydrolyzed to release fatty acids, some of which are antimicrobial. Sebaceous glands are highly active in utero under the influence of maternal hormones, and sebaceous lipids contribute significantly to the vernix caseosa sebum secretion rates peak in the teen years and gradually decline thereafter. People over the age of about sixty-five years have very low sebum secretion rates. The decrease in sebum production with the concomitant reduction in antimicrobial fatty acid at the skin surface contributes to the increased occurrence of skin infections in the elderly.
The Aging Brain and Changes in Daily Function

Examining high functioning cohorts of older people can help identify changes in daily function typical of normal aging. “High functioning” includes people who do not meet criteria for cognitive impairment and ADL disability. Even among high functioning cohorts, older adults at greater ages and with subtle cognitive impairment show greater deficits in daily function. However, these deficits are not uniform. In many domains, function is preserved. This pattern of selective decline with preserved function overall reflects compensatory processes, which in turn suggest an adaptive brain. Brain aging is characterized by continual functional reorganization and repair as the brain responds to one particular set of neural insults, that is, aging. Efforts to blunt the effects of brain aging on daily function (through volunteering, physical activity, cognitive training, and improved sleep health) have so far shown only small to moderate effects. The safest conclusion at this point is a need to support cognition across the lifespan through investment of resources for better early and mid-life educational, occupational, and neighborhood environments, as well as opportunities for continued cognitive engagement in late life.
PeerAppear: A Location-Aware Framework for Extensible Image Annotation and Peer-to-Peer Discovery

This paper addresses the problem of building and maintaining image repositories which form the basis for world-scale visual models. The availability of these models enable capabilities such as visual localization, persistent surveillance, and structure from motion. We approach this problem through the creation of PeerAppear, a location-aware framework for extensible image annotation and peer-to-peer dissemination. Due to the dynamic nature of the world, solutions to this problem generally require significant effort to be spent on mapping. PeerAppear enables a decentralized solution through the implementation of a peer-to-peer middleware framework which automates the indexing and sharing of visual information extracted from images in a user's collection. The PeerAppear network achieves scale through a Bittorrent style overlay network, which indexes the locations of user's image collections using a hierarchical geographic segmentation scheme in a distributed hash table. By enabling a distributed and collaborative solution, network participants are able to provide for frequent remapping and a search capability which leverages efficient and effective visual representations. The framework was implemented in Python and evaluated using Raspberry Pi computers for data collection and a workstation computer to simulate network participants. This evaluation showed that the framework was able to provide an effective image search capability and shows promise for large-scale operations.
PCA-Based Process Diagnosis in the Presence of Control

Abstract In PCA-based fault diagnosis, additive faults have directional signatures in the residual space. Ideally, these are determined by the eigenvectors spanning this space. If the PCA model is obtained in the presence of linear control constraints, this relationship may be spoiled. However, by simply varying the control gains or setpoints, the open-loop fault isolation properties are retained.
Microsurgical Clipping of an Unruptured Carotid Cave Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

Most aneurysms originating from the clinoidal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are nowadays managed conservatively, treated endovascularly with coiling (with or without stenting) or flow diverters. However, microsurgical clip occlusion remains an alternative. This video demonstrates clip occlusion of an unruptured right carotid cave aneurysm measuring 7 mm in a 39-year-old woman. The patient opted for surgery because of concerns about prolonged antiplatelet use associated with endovascular therapy. After patient consent, a standard pterional craniotomy was performed followed by extradural anterior clinoidectomy. After dural opening and sylvian fissure split, a clinoidal flap was opened to enter the extradural space around the clinoidal segment. The dural ring was dissected circumferentially, freeing the medial wall of the ICA down to the sellar region and mobilizing the ICA out of its canal of the clinoidal segment. With the aneurysm neck in view, the aneurysm was clipped with a 45° angled fenestrated clip over the ICA. Indocyanine green angiography confirmed no further filling of the aneurysm and patency of the ICA. Complete aneurysm occlusion was confirmed with postoperative angiography, and the patient had no neurologic deficits ( Video 1 ). This case demonstrates the importance of anterior clinoidectomy and thorough distal dural ring dissection for effective clipping of carotid cave aneurysms. Control of venous bleeding from the cavernous sinus with fibrin glue injection simplifies the dissection, which should minimize manipulation of the optic nerve. Knowledge of this anatomy and proficiency with these techniques is important in an era of declining open aneurysm cases.
Anxiety as a Tool for Critical Disability Studies Fieldwork

In this article, I draw on an incident where I was called a “fake deafie” by informants and a follow up interview transcript about this episode to consider the role of emotional response and anxiety in fieldwork. I use emotions and particularly the tracking of anxiety as a tool to productively explore the subjective, intersubjective and intrasubjective dynamics that give shape to encounters in fieldwork. This focus on affect in fieldwork allows me to productively attend to the ethical and methodological dilemmas that materialized as a bicultural, or an in-betweener, ethnographer (Author, 2011, 2014a, in review). Importantly, attending to affect in fieldwork also allows me to draw attention to an integral component of conducting critical disability studies fieldwork, that is, the affective dimensions. I conclude by arguing for the need for researchers in critical disability studies to have a theory of anxiety. This theory of anxiety needs to be a part of the critical disability studies researcher’s reflexivity toolkit.