cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GFP tagging of budding yeast chromosomes reveals that protein–protein interactions can mediate sister chromatid cohesion

Abstract Background Precise control of sister chromatid separation is essential for the accurate transmission of genetic information. Sister chromatids must remain linked to each other from the time of DNA replication until the onset of chromosome segregation, when the linkage must be promptly dissolved. Recent studies suggest that the machinery that is responsible for the destruction of mitotic cyclins also degrades proteins that play a role in maintaining sister chromatid linkage, and that this machinery is regulated by the spindle-assembly checkpoint. Studies on these problems in budding yeast are hampered by the inability to resolve its chromosomes by light or electron microscopy. Results We have developed a novel method for visualizing specific DNA sequences in fixed and living budding yeast cells. A tandem array of 256 copies of the Lac operator is integrated at the desired site in the genome and detected by the binding of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)–Lac repressor fusion expressed from the HIS3 promoter. Using this method, we show that sister chromatid segregation precedes the destruction of cyclin B. In mad or bub cells, which lack the spindle-assembly checkpoint, sister chromatid separation can occur in the absence of microtubules. The expression of a tetramerizing form of the GFP–Lac repressor, which can bind Lac operators on two different DNA molecules, can hold sister chromatids together under conditions in which they would normally separate. Conclusions We conclude that sister chromatid separation in budding yeast can occur in the absence of microtubule-dependent forces, and that protein complexes that can bind two different DNA molecules are capable of holding sister chromatids together.
The Role of Source Confusion in Cultivation Effects May Depend on Processing Strategy A Comment on Mares (1996)

Mares (1996) presented evidence that source confusions play a role in the cultivation effect. In doing so, she suggested that these findings are at odds with assertions made by Shrum and O'Guinn (1993) concerning the lack of attention that people pay to source characteristics when constructing their social reality judgments. The purpose of this comment is to clarify some of the findings of Mares (1996) that have implications for the heuristic model of cultivation effects (Shrum, 1995) and to show that Mares's findings are, in fact, fully compatible with, and can be integrated into, the heuristic processing model. Implications of Mares's findings for refining and extending Ms model are also discussed.
Is neighborhood policing related to informal social control

Purpose – The present study aims to examine the relationship between public and informal social control by investigating whether perceptions of neighborhood policing exhibit a positive or negative relationship to informal control. The influence of police‐resident coproduction (police attendance at community meetings, police accessibility, police‐resident problem solving) on informal control is contrasted with general perceptions of police effectiveness and legitimacy.Design/methodology/approach – Survey data from 81 neighborhood leaders representing 81 Portland, OR neighborhoods (i.e. unit of analysis), along with crime and census data is used. Analysis involves multivariate OLS regression and correlations.Findings – A frequency of police attendance at community meetings was negatively related to informal social control, controlling for neighborhood demographics, crime, and social cohesion. Results indicate a community style of policing may not be enough to overcome deeply entrenched attitudes toward the ...
The politics of reproductive hazards in the workplace: class, gender, and the history of occupational lead exposure.

Over the past two decades, several U.S. companies have sought to bar women from jobs that expose them to potential reproductive hazards, justifying these exclusionary policies by their professed concerns for the well-being of unborn children and potential liability. Although recent court cases have stimulated academic interest in this issue, a historical review of the public health and medical literature reveals that this debate is not new. To understand the logic behind the emergence of "fetal protection" policies, one must examine the scientific history of occupational teratogens and the socio-political and economic forces that have driven scientific research in this field. Using lead as an example, the author argues that research on the reproductive hazards of employment has historically emphasized the risks to women and downplayed the risks to men. This results in environmental health policies that do not uphold the ultimate goal of occupational safety for all workers, but rather reinforce the systemic segregation of men and women in the workplace. Although the political struggle over exclusionary policies has a feminist orientation, it also has important class dimensions and ultimately must be viewed within the broader context of American capitalist production.
Case history of using entity-level simulation as imperfect experimental data for informing and calibrating simpler analytical models for interdiction

We have used detailed, entity-level models to simulate the effects of long-range precision fires employed against an invader. Results show that these fires are much less effective against dispersed formations marching through mixed terrain than against dense formations in open terrain. We expected some loss of effectiveness, but not as much as observed. So we built a low resolution model (PEM, or PGM Effectiveness Model) and calibrated it to the results of the detailed simulation. PEM explains analytically how various situational and tactical factors, which are usually treated only in complex models, can influence the effectiveness of these fires. The variables we consider are characteristics of the C4ISR system (e.g., time of last update), missile and weapon characteristics (e.g., footprint), maneuver pattern of the advancing column (e.g., vehicle spacing), and aggregate terrain features (e.g., open versus mixed terrain).
Isolation of Herpesvirus hominum from the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with bacterial meningitis and gingivostomatitis

An 18-month-old female was admitted to the hospital with gingivostomatitis and meningitis. Hemophilus influenzae Type B was recovered from her cerebrospinal fluid on admission. Herpesvirus hominum was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid obtained on the following day. Isolation of the virus was accomplished in human fetal renal fibroblast tissue culture (HFRF) but not in suckling mice. Of the host systems compared, HFRF was found to be the most sensitive for the isolation of this strain of herpesvirus. It is suggested that with the use of HFRF, herpesvirus might be found more frequently in the cerebrospinal fluid in neurologic syndromes associated with herpesvirus infection.
Computer assisted tracing of text evolution

Many situations exist in which convenient access to the detailed evolutionary information associated with a text's development is desirable:(1) The principal author of a paper edited by a number of people, perhaps within the context of a group project, might desire to see who made what changes and comments.(2) Many periodicals retain the entire evolutionary development of each article, so that all of the changes leading to the development of a final version can be identified in case, for example, a resulting article is legally challenged.(3) There are many instances when an author would like to be able to determine the exact nature of his editing changes. One example is that of an author who wants to study how his thoughts on a particular issue have evolved and matured over a period of time or who wants to determine how an error has crept into his writing. Another example is the case of an individual who has written a computer program (a particular kind of text) for use on one computer system and who must then convert the program to run it on another system. If he later improved this new edition and then discovered he had to run the improved program under the old system, some manner of noting all the individual changes made to the original would be important in order to separate the conversion changes from the improvement changes.
On AR(1) models with periodic and almost periodic coefficients

Abstract This paper is concerned with the existence of bounded solutions to the system of equations X n = a n X n −1 + ξ n , n ∈ Z , where ξ n are uncorrelated constant variance zero mean random variables. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for boundedness in the general case and then specifically for periodic and almost periodic ( a n ). This provides the first step in extending the periodic autoregressive models, for which boundedness is equivalent to the stationarity of the blocked vector sequence X k =(X kT ,X kT+1 ,…,X (k+1)T−1 ), to the almost periodic case.
Party Size, Ideology, and Executive‐Level Representation in Advanced Parliamentary Democracies

How do party size and ideology matter for executive-level representation in parliamentary systems? This paper attempts to answer this question by providing and analyzing comparative data on 105 parties across 16 advanced parliamentary democracies. The electoral performance of each party is assessed, alongside the extent of each party's legislative and executive representation over time, from roughly 1945 to 1995. Two main conclusions are derived from the analysis. First, concerning party size, larger parties tend to be overrepresented in government-level institutions while for smaller parties the evidence is mixed, since almost half of the smaller parties in the data set have never achieved executive-level representation. Second, concerning party ideology, center parties have been largely overrepresented in executive institutions while left-wing parties have been the most systematically underrepresented in the 16 countries. ?Que tanto importan el tamano del partido y su ideologia para la representacion a nivel ejecutivo en los sistemas parlamentarios? Este articulo trata de responder esta pregunta al proveer y analizar informacion comparativa de 105 partidos a traves de 16 democracias parlamentarias avanzadas. La actuacion de cada partido es evaluada junto al grado de la representacion legislativa y ejecutiva a traves del tiempo, aproximadamente desde 1945 hasta 1995. Dos conclusiones principales se derivan del analisis. Primero, en relacion al tamano del partido, los partidos grandes tienden a ser sobre-representados en las instituciones al nivel del gobierno mientras que para partidos mas pequenos la evidencia es mixta, ya que casi la mitad de los pequenos partidos en el conjunto de datos nunca han logrado representacion a nivel ejecutivo. Segundo, en relacion a la ideologia, los partidos de centro han sido mayormente sobre-representados en las instituciones del ejecutivo mientras que los partidos de izquierda han sido los mas sistematicamente sub-representados en los 16 paises.
The separation of human and animal hemoglobins by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel.

Abstract A small-scale technique for isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels was used to separate hemoglobins in human and animal hemolysates. Chromatographically purified hemoglobins were used as standards to identify components in human hemolysates. Our results indicate that this technique offers a significant advance for high resolution separations of hemoglobins and a means for characterizing hemoglobin variants. The technique is suitable for routine analysis of multiple samples and may also be adapted for small-scale preparative purposes.
Hallucinogenic drugs in psychiatric research and treatment. Perspectives and prospects.

Clinical research with hallucinogens has resumed after a generation's hiatus. To place these new studies in context, this article reviews the history of hallucinogens' use and abuse, discusses their pharmacological properties, and highlights previous human studies. Research with lysergic acid diethy
A note on asymptotic properties of the quadratic assignment problem

We sharpen and simplify previous work of Frenk, Van Houweninge and Rinnooy Kan on the stochastic version of the quadratic assignment problem.
Effects of phosphate on growth and skeletal density in the scleractinian coral Acropora muricata: A controlled experimental approach

Abstract Phosphate contamination can negatively affect corals, modifying growth rates, skeletal density, reproduction, mortality, and zooxanthellae. We determined the effects of elevated phosphate on coral growth and density. Genetically distinct colonies of Acropora muricata were sub-divided and distributed among three 110-L aquaria, and exposed to phosphate levels of 0.09, 0.20, and 0.50 mg L− 1 for four months. Total skeletal length, living tissue length, weight, branch production, and polyp extension were measured. Linear extension and tissue growth increased under all conditions. Growth rates were highest at a phosphate concentration of 0.50 mg L− 1. Weight increased through time, graded from low to high with phosphate concentration. Density decreased through time, and was significantly lowest in the high phosphate treatment. Phosphate concentration produced no visible effects of stress on the corals, as indicated by polyp extension and lack of mortality. It is suggested that the phosphate enhanced growth was due to increased zooxanthellar populations and photosynthetic production within the coral. Skeletal density reduction may be due to phosphate binding at the calcifying surface and the creation of a porous and structurally weaker calcium carbonate/calcium phosphate skeleton. Increased phosphate concentrations, often characteristic of eutrophic conditions, caused increased coral growth but also a more brittle skeleton. The latter is likely more susceptible to breakage and damage from other destructive forces (e.g., bioerosion) and makes increased coral growth a poor indicator of reef health.
Estimating sexual dimorphism and size differences in the fossil record: a test of methods.

Investigations of size variation in fossil and archaeological skeletal assemblages may be complicated by incomplete skeletons, biased representation of sexes, and the lack of morphological features that identify sex. In order to refine our ability to evaluate size variation, we test the accuracy of three methods that are currently used to estimate size differences in unsexed (pooled) samples: the means method, the median method, and a newly applied technique, the method of moments. Using body mass data from 42 primate species, we calculated actual levels of sexual dimorphism for each species and compared these values to estimates produced by each method. Multivariate regression was used to examine the effects of sample distribution characteristics, including sample size, kurtosis, skewness, sample variance, sex ratio, and intrasexual variance on the performance of the methods. None of the methods appears to be especially accurate. However, one of the simplest methods, the means method, performs relatively well. Factors that lead to inaccuracies in estimation are not readily evident based on multiple regression analysis. We urge caution in the utilization of these techniques, and advocate further analysis of simulated data. Am J Phys Anthropol 110: 95-104, 1999.
Intratumoral Delivery of Paclitaxel in Solid Tumor from Biodegradable Hyaluronan Nanoparticle Formulations

In the current study, novel paclitaxel-loaded cross-linked hyaluronan nanoparticles were engineered for the local delivery of paclitaxel as a prototype drug for cancer therapy. The nanoparticles were prepared using a desolvation method with polymer cross-linking. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that less than 75% of the MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells were viable after 2-day exposure to paclitaxel-loaded hyaluronan nanoparticles or free paclitaxel, regardless of the dose. These results suggest that hyaluronan nanoparticles maintain the pharmacological activity of paclitaxel and efficiently deliver it to the cells. Furthermore, in vivo administration of the drug-loaded nanoparticles via direct intratumoral injection to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor in female rats was studied. The paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles treated group showed effective inhibition of tumor growth in all treated rats. Interestingly, there was one case of complete remission of tumor nodule and two cases of persistent reduction of tumor size that was observed on subsequent days. In the case of free paclitaxel-treated group, the mean tumor volume increased almost linearly (R(2) = 0.93) with time to a size that was 4.9-fold larger than the baseline volume at 57 days post-drug administration. Intratumoral administration of paclitaxel-loaded hyaluronan nanoparticles could be a promising treatment modality for solid mammary tumors.
Spark-Source Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Analysis of Lanthanide and Actinide Elements in Microgram and Sub-Microgram Transuranium Samples

Abstract Lanthanide and actinide impurities in a total sample of 1 to 10 μg of transuranic matrix can be determined by employing the spark-source mass spectrograph and solution technique. A special source glove box permits safe manipulation of transuranium elements with α-emitting radioactivity up to 1012 dpm. The minimum detection limit is about 1012 atoms per electrode system and an exposure of 10−8 coulomb. Relative sensitivity values for the lanthanides and actinides were established with respect to erbium, the internal standard.
Consequences of ongoing retrotransposition in mammalian genomes

Retrotransposons can have significant influences on gene expression and genome stability through their ability to integrate reverse-transcript copies of their sequences at new genomic locations by retrotransposition. These elements have been long known to retrotranspose in mammalian germ cells to give rise to inherited insertion alleles, but more recent work has also shown that retrotransposition can occur in mammalian somatic cells, particularly in brain tissue and tumors. Retrotransposition makes appreciable contributions to spontaneous disease- causing alleles in humans and a more significant contribution to spontaneous mutations in mice. Genome-wide studies have found high levels of polymorphic retrotransposon insertions in human populations that are consistent with ongoing retrotransposition. Many insertions do not disrupt exons, but insertions into introns or flanking genes can alter gene expression patterns, generate truncated or antisense gene transcripts, alter splicing patterns, or result in premature polyadenylation of gene transcripts. Furthermore, the very high genomic copy numbers of these elements can lead to nonallelic homologous recombination events that produce gene deletions/ duplications and genome rearrangements, and can also lead to evolution of particular insertions or types of elements to have cellular functions through exaptation. Mobility of these elements occurs despite multiple epigenetic mechanisms to restrict their expression. While the potential for retrotransposons to significantly influence mammalian health and cellular functions is clear, substantial research efforts will be needed to fully elucidate the actual contributions of natural levels of mobility of endogenous elements to the health and development of humans and other
Highly polarized ruthenium alkynyls with nitrothienyl substituents

Me3SiC/CC4H2S-5-NO2 was synthesized in good yield by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of ethynyltrimethylsilane and 2bromo-5-nitrothiophene or 2-iodo-5-nitrothiophene. Reactions of Me3SiC/C(C4H2S)NO2 with a series of ruthenium chloride complexes [RuClLL?(Cp?)] gave the alkynyls [Ru(2-C/CC4H2S-5-NO2)LL?(Cp?)] (L, L ?� /CO, PMe2Ph or PPh3 ;C p ?� /C5H5 or C5Me5). These metal complexes, each with a strongly electron-donating metal center at one end and an electron-accepting organic substituent at the other end of a p-conjugated chain, are strongly polarized and are expected to demonstrate non-linear optical activity. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
UNRRA: An Experiment in International Welfare Planning

The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, UNRRA, is the first general international organization resulting from the Second World War. Founded by the forty-four united and associated nations, it is based on their Agreement of November 9, 1943,1 which was implemented at the second general international conference of this war,2 held at Atlantic City from November 10 until December 1, 1943.3 UNRRA is noteworthy4 both as the
New Solid Acids in the Triple-Layer Dion-Jacobson Layered Perovskite Family

Research highlights: {yields} New triple-layer Dion-Jacobson layered perovskite solid solutions synthesized. {yields} New series of Ta-doped layered perovskite solid acids, HCa{sub 2}Nb{sub 3-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 10}. {yields} New series of Sr-doped layered perovskite solid acids, HCa{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}Nb{sub 3}O{sub 10}. {yields} Layered perovskites with highest Ta content are weaker solid acids than HCa{sub 2}Nb{sub 3}O{sub 10}. -- Abstract: Dion-Jacobson type layered perovskites such as A'Ca{sub 2}Nb{sub 3}O{sub 10} (A' = K, Rb, H) have continued to be of great interest due to their compositional variability, rich interlayer chemistry, and wide range of physical properties. In this study, we investigated the range and effects of substitutional doping of Ta{sup 5+} for Nb{sup 5+} and of Sr{sup 2+} for Ca{sup 2+} in A'Ca{sub 2}Nb{sub 3}O{sub 10}. We have prepared and characterized three new solid solutions: KCa{sub 2}Nb{sub 3-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 10}, RbCa{sub 2}Nb{sub 3-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 10}, and RbCa{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}Nb{sub 3}O{sub 10}. These materials all readily undergo proton exchange to form two new series of hydrated solid acid phases, which in most cases can be dehydrated to form stable HCa{sub 2}Nb{sub 3-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 10} and HCa{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}Nb{sub 3}O{sub 10} compounds. Intercalation studies with n-hexylamine and pyridine were carried out to gauge the relativemore » Bronsted acidities across the HCa{sub 2}Nb{sub 3-x}Ta{sub x}O{sub 10} series, and we determined that materials with the highest tantalum contents are weaker acids than the parent compound HCa{sub 2}Nb{sub 3}O{sub 10}. Preliminary intercalation studies with pyridine for the HCa{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}Nb{sub 3}O{sub 10}.yH{sub 2}O solid acids, however, showed no significant difference in acidity with varying strontium content.« less
Determination of Optimal Row Spacing for a Staggered Cross-Pin Array in a Turbine Blade Cooling Passage

Crosspin configurations are of interest in turbine blade design due to the enhanced cooling they provide. In addition, crosspins which extend from the walls of hollow blades provide structural integrity and stiffness to the blade itself. Numerous crosspin shapes and arrangements are possible, but only certain combinations offer high heat transfer capability while maintaining low overall total pressure loss. This study presents results from 2-D numerical simulations of coolant airflow through a turbine blade internal cooling passage. The simulations model viscous flow and heat transfer over circular pins in a staggered arrangement of varying pin spacing. Preliminary analysis over a wide range of Reynolds numbers indicates existence of an optimal spacing for which maximum heat transfer and minimum total pressure drop occurs. Pareto plots, which graphically identify the optimum data points with multiple optimization parameters, were obtained for a range of Reynolds numbers and streamwise soarings in a staggered crosspin arrangement. There is a steady increase in crosspin heat transfer up to a certain number of rows, then a gradual decrease in heat transfer in subsequent rows. Knowledge obtained from such findings can be used to determine the number of crosspins used, as well as the ultimate pin arrangement.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
Toward a theoretical model for mindfulness-based pain management.

Abstract Mindfulness, as both a process and a practice, has received substantial research attention across a range of health conditions, including chronic pain. Previously proposed mechanisms underlying the potential health-related benefits of mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are based on a strong theoretical background. However, to date, an empirically grounded, integrated theoretical model of the mechanisms of MBIs within the context of chronic pain has yet to be proposed. This is a surprising gap in the literature given the exponential growth of studies reporting on the benefits of MBIs for heterogeneous chronic pain conditions. Moreover, given the importance of determining how, and for whom, psychological interventions for pain management are effective, it is imperative that this gap in the literature be addressed. The overarching aim of the current theoretical paper was to propose an initial integrated, theoretically driven, and empirically based model of the mechanisms of MBIs for chronic pain management. Theoretical and research implications of the model are discussed. The theoretical considerations proposed herein can be used to help organize and guide future research that will identify the mechanisms underlying the benefits of mindfulness-based treatments, and perhaps psychosocial treatments more broadly, for chronic pain management. Perspective This focus article presents an initial framework for an empirically based, theoretical model of the mechanisms of MBIs for chronic pain management. Implications of the framework for refining theory and for future research are addressed.
Raman characterization of epitaxial Cu–In–Se thin films

Abstract We have fabricated epitaxial chalcopyrite alloys with varying compositions and thicknesses on GaAs (001) substrates using a simple physical vapor deposition method. Growth of the films was characterized with Raman spectroscopy as well as by other analytical techniques. We identified both CuInSe 2 (001) and CuIn 3 Se 5 (001). All of the spectra were dominated by the A 1 (Γ 1 (1) [W 1 ]) non-polar optical mode at 172 cm −1 for CuInSe 2 and 152 cm −1 for the CuIn 3 Se 5 phase. In addition, Raman spectra for the thinner layers indicated that these films are under compressive stress due to the lattice mismatch between the films and the substrate.
Worker engagement in the health and safety regulatory arena under changing models of worker representation

This paper examines the efforts of a labor-community-university partnership in Southern California to confront violations of workplace health and safety standards by employers of nonunion workers in low-wage jobs. A worker engagement model has opened avenues for workers and worker advocates to participate in the regulatory arena absent union representation. This approach has achieved notable successes to date, including groundbreaking Cal/OSHA citations and nascent collaboration with agency officials to target enforcement of health and safety standards. We argue this model constitutes the foundation needed to support a potentially viable form of tripartism that allows nonunion workers a voice, albeit limited, in the health and safety regulatory process. Language: en
Effects of cardiac transplantation on ventilatory response to exercise.

Patients with heart failure frequently exhibit an excessive ventilatory response to exercise, which is acutely unaltered by therapeutic interventions. To investigate whether these ventilatory responses resolve after cardiac transplantation, 15 ambulatory patients with severe heart failure underwent exercise testing with measurement of respiratory gases before and 1.4 ± 0.6 months after transplantation. Ventilatory response was also measured in 7 age-matched, sedentary control subjects. Left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and hemodynamic measurements were obtained before and after transplantation in all patients. After transplantation, ejection fraction at rest increased from 16 ± 6 to 56 ± 10%, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure declined from 26 ± 8 to 12 ± 5 mm Hg, and cardiac index increased from 1.7 ± 0.5 to 2.8 ± 0.5 liters/min/m2 (all p < 0.001). Peak oxygen consumption increased from 11.8 ± 1.9 to 19.2 ± 3.1 ml/kg/min (p < 0.001), but remained significantly lower than that in control subjects (33.4 ± 6.9 ml/kg/min; p < 0.01). Minute ventilation (VE) was significantly reduced after transplantation, but excessive compared with normal values. Ventilation at a carbon dioxide production of 1 liter/min decreased significantly after cardiac transplantation (52.1 ± 7.9 to 38.8 ± 3.8 liters; p < 0.01), but remained elevated when contrasted to that in control subjects (31.4 ± 3.4 liters; p < 0.05). Ventilatory response to exercise is significantly improved after cardiac transplantation; however, VE remains excessive. This may reflect an attenuated cardiac output response to exercise, abnormal intrapulmonary pressures or persistent deconditioning.
Capturing affect via the experience sampling method: Prospects for accounting information systems researchers

A growing body of literature spanning the social, psychological, and neurological sciences is studying the influence of affect (emotions, feelings and moods) within a variety of decision-making contexts. Accounting Information Systems (AIS) researchers interested in capturing affect within such contexts ought to consider methods that are designed to capture affect close to its realization. One such approach is the experience sampling method (ESM), developed as a way to collect individuals' subjective perceptions of their cognitions, motivations and affect as they become manifest. In short, ESM involves capturing brief responses from individuals throughout the day over the course of weeks or even months. By doing so, researchers can strengthen internal validity weaknesses associated with surveys and interviews, and increase ecological validity beyond laboratory experiments. ESM data is rich with possibilities for within- and between-participant comparisons. However, conducting an ESM study is much more intense and time-consuming than a one-time survey. In this paper, we discuss the concept of ESM, explain how and it can be used for studying affect, explore various theoretical considerations, and mention some key implementation issues. Our objective is to highlight the ESM and offer directions for AIS researchers interested in evaluating the suitability of the ESM method for their research programs.
Structure of Charged Argon Clusters Formed in a Free Jet Expansion

We describe measurements of the mass spectrum of charged argon clusters generated in a low-temperature free jet expansion. It contains detailed intensity variations which can be understood in terms of a simplified competing-lattice model of charged-cluster structure.
Commitment as a Predictor of Participation in Premarital Education

The efficacy of premarital education programs has been well established; yet few studies have attempted to identify factors that may lead to increased participation. The current study examined ques...
Turbulent Structure Dynamics of Buoyant and Non-Buoyant Pulsed Jet Diffusion Flames

The flame structure dynamics of strongly pulsed, turbulent diffusion flames were examined experimentally in a co-flow combustor. High-speed visual imaging and thermocouple measurements were performed to determine celerity, defined as as being the bulk velocity of a given flame puff structure in the large-scale, turbulent flame structures. Tests were conducted in normal gravity and microgravity with a fixed fuel injection velocity with a Reynolds number of 5,000 and also with a constant fueling rate where the Reynolds number ranged from 5,000 to 12,500. The celerity of strongly interacting flame puffs is as much as two times greater than for the case of isolated flame puffs. The amount of decrease in celerity at the visible flame tip due to the removal of buoyancy ranges from 7% to 11% in most cases, to as much as 36% for both fixed jet injection velocity and constant fueling rate. At the same time, the flame length is modestly affected by the removal of positive buoyancy, amounting to a decrease of as muc...
Enhanced performance of crumb rubber filtration for ballast water treatment.

Waste-tire-derived crumb rubber was utilized as filter media to develop an efficient filter for ballast water treatment. In this study, the effects of coagulation, pressure filtration and dual-media (gravity) filtration on the performance of the crumb rubber filtration were investigated. The removal efficiencies of turbidity, phytoplankton and zooplankton, and head loss development were monitored during the filtration process. The addition of a coagulant enhanced the removal efficiencies of all targeted matter, but resulted in substantial increase of head loss. Pressure filtration increased filtration rates to 220 m3 h−1 m−2 for 8-h operation and improved the zooplankton removal. Dual-media (crumb rubber/sand) gravity filtration also improved the removal efficiencies of phytoplankton and zooplankton over mono-media gravity crumb rubber filtration. However, these filtration techniques alone did not meet the criteria for removing indigenous organisms from ballast water. A combination of filtration and disinfection is suggested for future studies.
Intelligent mobility for robotic vehicles in the army after next

The TARDEC Intelligent Mobility program addresses several essential technologies necessary to support the army after next (AAN) concept. Ground forces in the AAN time frame will deploy robotic unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in high-risk missions to avoid exposing soldiers to both friendly and unfriendly fire. Prospective robotic systems will include RSTA/scout vehicles, combat engineering/mine clearing vehicles, indirect fire artillery and missile launch platforms. The AAN concept requires high on-road and off-road mobility, survivability, transportability/deployability and low logistics burden. TARDEC is developing a robotic vehicle systems integration laboratory (SIL) to evaluate technologies and their integration into future UGV systems. Example technologies include the following: in-hub electric drive, omni-directional wheel and steering configurations, off-road tires, adaptive tire inflation, articulated vehicles, active suspension, mine blast protection, detection avoidance and evasive maneuver. This paper will describe current developments in these areas relative to the TARDEC intelligent mobility program.
Synthesis of Silica Aerosol Gels via Controlled Detonation

Silica (SiO2) aerosol gels were formed via Brownian aggregation of silica nanoparticles in a closed reaction chamber. A sudden and quick detonation reaction of pyrophoric silane (SiH4) with either oxygen or nitrous oxide created silica nanoparticles with diameters ranging from ∼22 to 90 nm in the presence of an inert background gas with a volume fraction of ca. 10−4, conditions necessary for gelation. The background gas was necessary for quick thermal quenching of freshly formed silica molecules and molten nanoparticles and some control of the particle size could be achieved by variation of the gas. The silica aerosol gels were found to have very low densities in the range 4–15 mg/cm3 and high specific surface areas of 300–500 m2/g. Wide angle X-ray diffraction showed that the nanoparticles were amorphous silica. Neutron scattering showed that they were arranged in networks with a fractal dimension of 1.75 between 10 and 1000 nm length scales. Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research
1-J laser for a 16-fiber injection system

A 1-J laser was designed to launch light down 16, multi-mode fibers (400-μm-core dia.). A diffractive-optic splitter was designed in collaboration with Digital Optics Corporation1 (DOC), and was delivered by DOC. Using this splitter, the energy injected into each fiber varied <1%. The spatial profile out of each fiber was such that there were no "hot spots," a flyer could successfully be launched and a PETN pellet could be initiated. Preliminary designs of the system were driven by system efficiency where a pristine TEM00 laser beam would be required. The laser is a master oscillator, power amplifier (MOPA) consisting of a 4-mm-dia. Nd:YLF rod in the stable, q-switched oscillator and a 9.5-mm-dia. Nd:YLF rod in the double-passed amplifier. Using a TEM00 oscillator beam resulted in excellent transmission efficiencies through the fibers at lower energies but proved to be quite unreliable at higher energies, causing premature fiber damage, flyer plate rupture, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Upon further investigation, it was found that both temporal and spatial beam formatting of the laser were required to successfully initiate the PETN. Results from the single-mode experiments, including fiber damage, SRS and SBS losses, will be presented. In addition, results showing the improvement that can be obtained by proper laser beam formatting will also be presented.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Prostaglandin E2 stimulates preosteoblast replication: an autoradiographic study in cultured fetal rat calvariae.

Abstract To determine the mechanism for the anabolic effect of prostaglandins (PGs) on bone, [ 3 H]thymidine(TdR) autoradiography was performed to localize the cells that replicate and to determine the fate of these labeled cells over time in cultured 20-day fetal rat calvariae. Treatment of bone organ cultures for 24 or 96 h with cortisol significantly decreased the number of [ 3 H]TdR-labeled osteoblasts and periosteal cells. Treatment of bones with 0.1 or 1 μ M PGE 2 alone had no effect on [ 3 H]TdR labeling of the osteoblast layer but doubled the number of labeled periosteal cells compared to control bones at 24 h. However, when both cortisol and PGE 2 were added together, the number of labeled osteoblasts and periosteal cells increased. This effect was dependent on the concentration of PGE 2 . In bones treated with 0.1 μ M PGE 2 and 0.1 μ M cortisol for 24 h, [ 3 H]TdR labeling of periosteal cells was 5.5 times the labeling in bones treated with cortisol alone and osteoblast labeling increased 4.1-fold. Similar results in [ 3 H]TdR labeling of osteoblasts and periosteal cells were found with 6-day neonatal mouse calvarin treated with PGE 2 and cortisol. These data demonstrate that PGE 2 in the presence of cortisol increases periosteal cell replication, which leads to an increased number of osteoblasts and increased bone formation.
Second-order factors

Second-order factors are defined and illustrated in terms of a literal notation, a physical example, a diagrammatic representation, a geometrical example, and the matrix equations relating the first-order and second-order domains. Both kinds of factors are discussed as parameters which may be not only descriptive of the individual objects in a statistical population but also descriptive of the restrictive conditions under which the objects were generated or selected. Second-order factors may be of significance in reconciling the several theories of intelligence. This paper is concerned with test configurations that show simple structure. If such a structure is not revealed, then the second-order domain is indeterminate.
Thermophoretic deposition including an application to the outside vapor deposition process

A study has been made of the flow, heat and mass transfer with chemical reactions and thermophoretic deposition with application to the outside vapor deposition (OVD) process. The system includes a flow that is emerging from a burner containing methane, oxygen, nitrogen and silicon tetrachloride and impinges on a cylindrical target. Silica soot particles are formed by the oxidation of silicon tetrachloride and the motion of the particles is determined from the combined effects of thermophoresis, buoyancy and the forced flow. The governing equations which include the effects of buoyancy, variable properties, chemical reactions and thermophoretic transport have been solved numerically for a slot burner and a long cylinder in a two-dimensional configuration. The effects of the separation distance between the burner and the target, the diameter and the rotational speed of the target and the eccentricity of the burner have been studied. The particle deposition flux and the deposition efficiency are investigated over a range of values of the parameters.
WE‐G‐108‐05: A Technique to Detect Dosimetric Errors as Low as 0.5% Arising From MLC Leaf Shifts in Rapid Arc

Purpose: RapidArc is a more complicated technique than fixed field IMRT both in terms of treatment planning and delivery. Due to its speedy delivery, RapidArc (RA) is becoming popular in the clinics. Previous work has shown that the detectors used to perform patient specific IMRT QA cannot detect MLC leaf position error induced dosimetric differences even large as 5.6%. We present a patient specific QA technique with the ability to detect MLC leaf error induced dosimetric errors as small as 0.5%. Methods: Dual arc RA plans were made for treatment of head and neck, gastrointestinal and spine cancers of 10 patients on a Trilogy unit. For each patient, four plans were created: i) clinically acceptable RA plan ii) RA plan with a single MLC leaf shifted for only three consecutive control points iii) delivered original plan recreated using linac log file measurements iv) delivered shifted plan recreated using linac log file measurements. Delivered plans were recreated using only MLC positional errors from linac log file measurements. The results were analyzed by comparing voxel by voxel 3D dose differences. To quantify the actual dose difference errors due to intentional MLC shifts, a comparison was performed between the shifted dose map and the original dose map. Results: Simulated MLC shifts gave rise to a trajectory of dose differences with maximum percentage dose differences mean (range) of 0.52 (0.31 – 0.80)%, while measurements from linac log files show a maximum percentage dose differences mean (range) of 0.56 (0.31 – 0.81)%. Maximum background percentage dose differences mean (range) were 0.19 (0.05 – 0.35)%. Measurement related 3D dose map had an average signal to noise ratio of 3.89 for the set of patients analyzed. Conclusion: Linac log file measurements provide the means to detect MLC shift induced dosimetric deviations as small as 0.5% from the prescription dose. UVA Radiation Oncology George Amarino Grants ‐ 2011
Jean-Paul Sartre – By Andrew Leak

Writing a short biographical introduction to Sartre is no easy feat, and it would be difficult to top this author's effort. After all, Sartre was one of the most prolific intellectuals of the twent...
Origin of 1,4-Regiochemistry in the Dicouplings of Ketones with 6,6-Dimethylcyclohexadienyl Complexes of Titanium and Zirconium: A Mechanism Arising from Five-Electron Donation by Alkoxide Ligands

In an earlier study of the coupling reactions of Ti(C5H5)(6,6-dmch)(PMe3) (dmch = dimethylcyclohexadienyl) with ketones, the initially formed metal complex could not be isolated, but after hydrolysis an unprecedented 1,4-dicoupling product was isolated. To gain further insight into the origin of this regiochemistry, the reaction of a zirconium analogue, Zr(C5H5)(6,6-dmch)(PMe3)2, with acetone was investigated. A solid dimeric product could be isolated and structurally characterized, which revealed that both acetones had coupled, with the unusual 1,4-regiochemistry. This then necessitated the proposal of a new mechanism for these reactions, in which an alkoxide ligand, generated from a coupling of the initially incorporated ketone, serves as a formal five-electron donor, thereby altering the mode of coordination of the diene fragment. This proposal has been supported by the characterization of a mono(benzophenone) coupling product of Ti(C5H5)(6,6-dmch)(PMe3). This coupling product possessed both a large Ti...
Subjective correlates of clinically manifested anxiety and depression.

Relationships between clinical ratings of psychiatric symptomatology and subjective patient responses to 166 selected MMPI items are examined. The 20 MMPI items found to correlate most highly with clinical ratings of anxiety, depressive mood and other depression-related variables are considered in detail. Subjective correlates of clinical ratings of anxiety concern effects of the anxiety on the individual and not the subjective experience of anxiety per se. Subjective correlates of depressive mood concern perceptions of that mood. Clinical motor retardation is subjectively associated with emotional withdrawal and denial of personal awareness more than with the physical and motor manifestations of retardation.
Regulation of DNA repair fidelity by molecular checkpoints : Gates in DNA polymerase β's substrate selection

With an increasing number of structural, kinetic, and modeling studies of diverse DNA polymerases in various contexts, a complex dynamical view of how atomic motions might define molecular “gates” or checkpoints that contribute to polymerase specificity and efficiency is emerging. Such atomic-level information can offer insights into rate-limiting conformational and chemical steps to help piece together mechanistic views of polymerases in action. With recent advances, modeling and dynamics simulations, subject to the well-appreciated limitations, can access transition states and transient intermediates along a reaction pathway, both conformational and chemical, and such information can help bridge the gap between experimentally determined equilibrium structures and mechanistic enzymology data. Focusing on DNA polymerase β (pol β), we present an emerging view of the geometric, energetic, and dynamic selection criteria governing insertion rate and fidelity mechanisms of DNA polymerases, as gleaned from vari...
A Synthetic Trivalent Hapten that Aggregates Anti-2,4-DNP IgG into Bicyclic Trimers

This paper describes the synthesis of the trivalent hapten molecule 1, containing three 2,4-dinitrophenyl (2,4-DNP) groups, and the use of this molecule to aggregate three molecules of anti-2,4-DNP IgG into a complex with 3:2 stoichiometry (IgG312). The equilibrium product IgG312 was generated in ∼90% yield upon mixing IgG and 1; during incubation, thermodynamically unstable, high-molecular-weight aggregates (>104 nm in diameter) form first and convert subsequently to IgG312. The thermodynamics and the kinetics of the formation of aggregates were studied using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). An analytical model based on multiple species in equilibrium was developed and used to interpret the SE-HPLC data. The aggregate IgG312 was more stable thermodynamically and kinetically than monomeric aggregates of this IgG with monomeric derivatives of 2,4-DNP; this stability suggests potential applications of t...
Ashkenazic Rationalism and Midrashic Natural History: Responses to the New Science in the Works of Rabbi Yom Tov Lipmann Heller (1578–1654)

Between 1550 and 1650, the intellectual elite of Ashkenazic (German-and Yiddish-speaking) Jews, including rabbis such as Yom Tov Lipmann Heller (1578–1654), showed a marked interest in astronomy, and to a lesser degree in the natural sciences generally. This is one aspect of the assimilation of medieval Jewish rationalism by that group. Passages from Heller‘s writings show his familiarity with medieval and early modern Hebrew astronomical texts, and his belief that astronomy should be studied by all Jewish schoolboys. Heller‘s astronomical views were then influenced by the discoveries and debates of his period. Between 1614 and the 1630‘s, Heller moved from an Aristotelian to a Tychonic view of the nature of the celestial bodies. Inspired, furthermore, by the notion of a natural order subject to change, and basing himself on the exegesis of ancient rabbinic texts, Heller offered what we have termed” midrashic natural histories”: namely, a hypothesis concerning the development of a certain type of animal, and another concerning the dimming of the moon and its movement into a lower orbit.