cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Sexual Assault History and Relationship Context on Appraisal of and Responses to Acquaintance Sexual Assault Risk

Although a major predictor of sexual victimization is previous victimization, the mechanism underlying this effect is not well understood. Sexual assault history's impact on appraisal of and responses to sexual assault risk was examined in an experimental analog study. Intimacy with perpetrator was also examined as a potential contributor to appraisal and responses. Young women varying in sexual assault history were randomly assigned to receive a scenario in which type of perpetrator was manipulated (someone just met, friend, date, boyfriend). Respondents appraised the man's actions as sexual interest or assault and indicated intentions to respond (resistance and nonresistance). Sexual assault history did not directly influence appraisal or intended responses but had modest indirect effects on resistance via sexual assertiveness. The primary influence on appraisal and responses was perpetrator intimacy. Women facing advances within a more intimate relationship were less likely to appraise those advances as threatening and less likely to resist.
Cerros sagrados olmecas. Montañas en la cosmovisión mesoamericana

Uno de los mas importantes rasgos de la cosmovision mesoamericana fue considerar como entes vivos los elementos del paisaje: cuevas, barrancas, manantiales, arboles y montanas, por estar habitados por importantes espiritus. De todos los accidentes geograficos, las montanas son las mas grandes e imponentes: son el vinculo fisico entre el cielo y el mundo superior con la superficie de la Tierra y el inframundo. En el sistema de creencias de Mesoamerica, las montanas son lugares miticos originarios, donde habitan los ancestros y residen los espiritus asociados a la tierra, la fertilidad o la lluvia
Toward a unified view of diversity partitioning

Brudvig, L. A. 2009. Woody encroachment removal from midwestern oak savannas alters understory diversity across space and time. Restoration Ecology 18:78-84. Crist, T. O., J. A. Veech, J. C. Gering, and K. S. Summerville. 2003. Partitioning species diversity across landscapes and regions: a hierarchical analysis of a, p, and y diversity. American Naturalist 162:7'34?743. Hendrickx, F., et al. 2007. How landscape structure, land-use intensity and habitat diversity affect components of total arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology 44:340-351. Hill, M. O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54:427-432. Jost, L. 2007. Partitioning diversity into independent alpha and beta components. Ecology 88:2427-2439. Lande, R. 1996. Statistics and partitioning of species diversity, and similarity among multiple communities. Oikos 76:5-13. Legendre, P., D. Bocard, and D. R. Peres-Neto. 2005. Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data. Ecological Monographs 75: 435-440. Martin, L. M., K. A. Moloney, and B. J. Wilsey. 2005. An assessment of grassland restoration success using species diversity components. Journal of Applied Ecology 42:327 336. Olszewski, T. D. 2004. A unified mathematical framework for the measurement of richness and evenness within and among multiple communities. Oikos 104:377-387. Polley, H. W., B. J. Wilsey, and J. D. Derner. 2005. Patterns of plant species diversity in remnant and restored tallgrass prairies. Restoration Ecology 13:480-487. Ricotta, C. 2007. Computing additive p-diversity from presence and absence scores: a critique and alternative parameters. Theoretical Population Biology 73:244-249. Veech, J. A., K. S. Summerville, T. O. Crist, and J. C. Gering. 2002. The additive partitioning of species diversity: recent revival of an old idea. Oikos 99:3-9. Veech, J. A., and T. O. Crist. 2010. Diversity partitioning without statistical independence of alpha and beta. Ecology 91:1964-1969. Whittaker, R. H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs 30:279-338. Whittaker, R. 1972. Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon 21:213-215. Wilsey, B. J., L. M. Martin, and H. W. Polley. 2005. Predicting plant extinction based on species-area curves in prairie fragments with high beta richness. Conservation Biology 19: 1835-1841.
Allograft-prosthesis composite for revision of catastrophic failure of total elbow arthroplasty.

Background: Revision of a failed total elbow arthroplasty is a challenging procedure, often associated with bone de- ficiency. The purpose of this investigation was to review our experience with a composite allograft-implant reconstruc- tion for patients with a failed total elbow arthroplasty. Methods: Thirteen patients (thirteen elbows) in whom a total elbow arthroplasty had failed, primarily as a result of loosening of the humeral or ulnar component, were operated on with use of an allograft-prosthesis composite; the composite was placed on the humeral side in four of these patients and on the ulnar side in nine. The delay between the last total elbow arthroplasty and the allograft-prosthesis-composite procedure averaged eight years. Results: At an average of forty-two months after the revision, the Mayo Elbow Performance Score was excellent for four elbows, good for three, fair for one, and poor for five. Nine of the thirteen patients had no or only slight pain in the elbow. The mean arc of flexion was 97°, with an average of 28°(range, 0° to 60°) of extension to 125° (range, 100° to 140°) of flexion. There were seven complications affecting seven elbows, and five of the seven required a re- vision procedure. Deep infection developed in four elbows, and the allograft-prosthesis composite had to be removed from three. Two nonunions occurred at the allograft-humeral junction. Conclusions: An allograft-prosthesis composite can be a valuable option in selected patients with a failed total el- bow arthroplasty with massive bone loss. The union and implant survival rates are high. Deep infection remains the main complication. Hence, we recommend the pursuit of other revision options, such as strut graft reconstruction, whenever possible before resorting to the use of an allograft-prosthesis composite in the surgical treatment of a failed total elbow arthroplasty with massive bone loss. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series (no, or historical, control group)). See Instructions to Au- thors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Strategic Human Resource Management And Global Expansion Lessons From The Euro Disney Challenges In France

The strategic role of human resource (HR) management should be seen as an integral element of a company’s overall success in accomplishing its mission and business strategy. The paper will demonstrate how the decisions of a company’s HR department are essential for a company’s long-term success. In other words, strategic planning will not be presented solely as a company’s objective, but a human resource imperative as demonstrated through the Euro Disney case. In the case of Euro Disney, strategic HR management was simply missing, which caused the company’s initial strategy not to be successful in Europe. While analyzing the case and what the situation could have been with the exercise of HR’s strategic role, emphasis is placed on the importance of cultural awareness. For the purpose of further clarifying the importance of cultural awareness, a comparison is drawn between the United States and France as some of the most important lessons both for Disney and other multinational enterprises are outlined.
Thigmomorphogenesis: the relationship of mechanical perturbation to elicitor-like activity and ethylene production

An extracellular solution obtained from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Resistant Cherokee Wax) stems induced phytoalexin-like substance and ethylene production in a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Wayne] cotyledon bioassay. The elicitor-like activity for phytoalexin formation and ethylene production was increased by mechanical perturbation of bean stems. Moreover, the application of extracted or known elicitors to bean plants mimicked the effect of mechanical perturbation (i.e., inhibition of stem elongation and enhancement of radial growth). The effects of extract when applied exogenously, on elicitor-like activity in the bioassay as well as stem thickening were decreased by aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. These results suggest that elicitor-like substances which are formed in response to mechanical perturbation contribute to the thigmomorphogenesis.
Proteomics of filamentous fungi

Proteomic analysis, defined here as the global assessment of cellular proteins expressed in a particular biological state, is a powerful tool that can provide a systematic understanding of events at the molecular level. Proteomic studies of filamentous fungi have only recently begun to appear in the literature, despite the prevalence of these organisms in the biotechnology industry, and their importance as both human and plant pathogens. Here, we review recent publications that have used a proteomic approach to develop a better understanding of filamentous fungi, highlighting sample preparation methods and whole-cell cytoplasmic proteomics, as well as subproteomics of cell envelope, mitochondrial and secreted proteins.
Effect of Image Polarity on VDT Task Performance

Three experiments were conducted in which positive and negative contrast on visual display terminals were directly compared. Operator tasks included visual search and reading, with accuracy and timeliness of response measured. In all cases where significant differences exist, better performance was obtained with negative contrast (dark characters or symbols on a lighter background). The increases in performance range from a low of 2.0 percent to a high of 31.6 percent. Based on the above results, we believe that there are significant advantages in visual task performance obtained from the selection of negative contrast displays.Current standards that require negative contrast appear to be justified, while future revisions of ANSI/HFS 100-1988 and other standards should seriously consider incorporating negative contrast as a recommendation or requirement.
A comparison of isolation methods for determining the incidence of Fomes annosus in living loblolly pine

Several methods were utilized to determine the disease incidence of Fomes annosus (Fr.) Karst. in selected 0.02 hectare plots established in five thinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. A total of 79 trees were sampled. Infection as determined by the presence of conks was 2.5 percent. Increment borer samples (two/tree) removed from the root collar zone revealed 10.1 percent infection. Root chip isolations from two, 45 cm long roots per tree indicated 31.6 percent infection. In a random sampling of 10 trees in each of the five plantations, 18 percent infection was found using the two root method. These results indicate that F. annosus may be more prevalent than previously reported.
On-line Gauss-Newton-based learning for fully recurrent neural networks

In this paper we propose a novel, Gauss–Newton-based variant of the Real Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) algorithm by Williams and Zipser (Neural Comput. 1 (1989) 270–280) for on-line training of Fully Recurrent Neural Networks. The new approach stands as a robust and effective compromise between the original, gradient-based RTRL (low computational complexity, slow convergence) and Newton-based variants of RTRL (high computational complexity, fast convergence). By gathering information over time in order to form Gauss–Newton search vectors, the new learning algorithm, GN–RTRL, is capable of converging faster to a better quality solution than the original algorithm. Experimental results reflect these qualities of GN–RTRL, as well as the fact that GN–RTRL may have in practice lower computational cost in comparison, again, to the original RTRL. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Channel estimation improvement for multi-carrier DS-CDMA

A multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC/DS-CDMA) signal is usually demodulated in parallel by several independent single-carrier receivers, each consisting of a complete set of algorithmic functions and tuned to its respective sub-carrier frequency. We study a channel estimation scheme that exploits the fact that the pilot signals transmitted for channel estimation in the multiple carriers form a composite pilot signal with wider bandwidth and higher power and can therefore be used to improve the overall receiver performance.
Transient Thermal Imaging Using Thermoreflectance

Lock-in thermoreflectance imaging has proven effective in obtaining thermal images of active electronic and optoelectronic devices with submicron spatial resolution and 10- 50 mK temperature resolution. Thermoreflectance systems that use a lock-in method capture the steady state thermal signal but provide limited information about the thermal transient. We present a simple time series thermoreflectance method based on pulsed box-car averaging and a novel differencing technique to obtain transient thermal images with millisecond and microsecond time resolution and submicron spatial resolution. The technique relies on precise adjustment of the phase between the pulsed thermal excitation of the device and the illumination pulse used to measure the thermoreflectance change on the device. The full thermal transient pattern is reconstructed and captured in a charge coupled device (CCD) camera in a matter of minutes. Images are presented of the time evolution of the thermal signals on 40times40, and 100times100 micron square gold heaters.
EFFECTS OF EFFORT ON RESPONSE RATE1

Pigeons were trained to peck for food reinforcement, and the minimum effective force for a peck was varied. In a single-key situation, the response rate was unaffected up to a certain force value, beyond which increments caused a proportional decrement in response rate. Transient enhancement and suppression effects were observed following a change in the force requirement. A change from a high force requirement to a low force requirement resulted in a temporary enhancement of response rate above the stable performance level, whereas a change from a low to a high requirement produced a temporary suppression of the rate below the stable rate. In a two-key situation, the response rate on a key with a given force remained unaffected by the force requirement on the other key. When the rate of response was plotted against the required force, the resultant function was remarkably similar to that obtained from the single-key experiment. When the rates of reinforcement on the two keys differed, the decrement in response rate produced by an increase in the force requirement was proportionally greater on the key with the lower rate of reinforcement.
Cluster utility: a new metric for clustering biological sequences

We propose cluster utility (CU), a metric that is based on consideration of similarity within a cluster and difference between clusters without metric space assumption. CU showed a very high correlation with the quality index. CU scales very well with data size and its strong correlation with quality index was nearly invariable regardless of data size change. CU can be used in two ways: to guide sequence clustering algorithms and to evaluate clustering results.
Shortcuts in Arthroscopic Knot Tying Do They Affect Knot and Loop Security

Background:Shortcuts for throwing 3 alternating reversed half-hitches on alternating posts (RHAPs), in which the post is switched by alternating strand tension to “flip” the knot, have been advocated but never validated in a biomechanical study.Hypothesis:Shortcut tying techniques will affect knot security or loop security.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:A single surgeon tied 90 knots using No. 2 FiberWire through an arthroscopic cannula. Half had a static “surgeon’s base,” and half had a Tennessee slider base. Three techniques were used to create 3 RHAPs: (1) rethreading, (2) knot “flipping” where half-hitches were tensioned by past-pointing, and (3) knot “flipping” where half-hitches were tensioned by alternating past-pointing and over-pointing. Each knot was subjected to a preload of 5 N, followed by 1000 cycles of 5 N to 45 N at 1 Hz, and a single load to failure.Results:When compared with Tennessee knots, surgeon’s knots had a lower incidence of knot slippage and catastrophic failure...
Factors Affecting Business Process Management in an Organization

The changing economic environment has raised the challenges to the organizational competitiveness, therefore to the organizational existence (Porter, 1993; McCormack et al, 2009; Ranganathan & Dhaliwal, 2001). Organizational leadership (OL), being the decision makers, is at the forefront to bear the pressures exerted by the changing economic environment (Cameron and Green, 2009). OL deploys various management tools, techniques, and tactics to ensure the survival of their organization through the environmental turmoil. The discourse on organization and the mutual fit of its different components and aspects like strategy, structure, culture, process, and technology, as well the leadership and environment is a classic as well as a contemporary topic (Trkman, 2010). De Wit and Meyer (2010) propose that the organizational structure, processes, and culture are the core areas prone to change management implementation. Through the theoretical framework of Chandler (1990), one can view the change as a function which initiates at strategic level and affecting the structure of an organization. Any change in the organizational objectives that effect either of organizational structure, processes, or culture will ultimately affect the whole organization, therefore other two entities as well.
Interactions between Private and Public Resource Governance: Key Insights from the Fisheries Case

Growing in presence and visibility, eco-labels and other forms of green certification are the more visible signs of a broader social and policy phenomenon: the rise of private regulation and nonstate, market-based governance of industry environmental and resource practices. The growth of private regulatory initiatives, especially initiatives led by NGOs and other civil society actors, is increasingly accompanied by concerns over their potential to detract from public, government regulation.This paper offers some important insights on the nature and consequences of interaction between more traditional forms of public, government regulation and the growing realm of market-based regulation by nonstate actors. It does so by focusing on the burgeoning field of private, market-based fisheries regulation to examine the public policy and regulatory implications of growing NGO use of market-based regulation. My observations and analysis suggest important potential for positive synergies between the private, market-based regulatory efforts of NGOs and their broader endeavors for public regulatory reform.
Fast-Neutron Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections from 2.3 to 3.0 MeV for the Actinide Nuclei 232Th and 238U

Experimental and theoretical (CN + DI) excitation functions to 3.5 MeV and angular distributions at En = 2.4 and 2.8 MeV are presented for inelastic neutron scattering on 232Th and 238U to individual or grouped rotational/vibrational levels up to E* ≅ 1.000 keV.
A Critical Review of Published Competency-to-Confess Measures

The development of standardized assessments for competency-to-confess evaluations has remained largely neglected for the last several decades. Groundbreaking research was conducted on Miranda waivers during the late 1970s, but researchers have failed to sustain programmatic research. This critical review focuses on four published Miranda measures (Comprehension of Miranda Rights, Comprehension of Miranda Rights-Recognition, Comprehension of Miranda Vocabulary, and Function of Rights in Interrogation). When evaluated by contemporary standards, the validation of these measures is very limited. Major improvements are needed for interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.
Studies on the Isolation and Growth of Plant Rusts in Host Tissue Cultures and Upon Synthetic Media. II. Uromyces Ari-Triphylli

Callus cultures from corms of Arisaema triphyllum systemically infected with Uromyces ari-triphylli were maintained for several years by subdivision and transfer. The rust has produced aecia upon t...
Rational Chebyshev approximation on the unit disk

In a recent paper we showed that error curves in polynomial Chebyshev approximation of analytic functions on the unit disk tend to approximate perfect circles about the origin. Making use of a theorem of Caratheodory and Fejer, we derived in the process a method for calculating near-best approximations rapidly by finding the principal singular value and corresponding singular vector of a complex Hankel matrix. This paper extends these developments to the problem of Chebyshev approximation by rational functions, where non-principal singular values and vectors of the same matrix turn out to be required. The theory is based on certain extensions of the Caratheodory-Fejer result which are also currently finding application in the fields of digital signal processing and linear systems theory. It is shown among other things that if f($\epsilon z$) is approximated by a rational function of type (m,n) for $\epsilon$ < 0, then under weak assumptions the corresponding error curves deviate from perfect circles of winding number M + N + 1 by a relative magnitude O(${\epsilon}^{m+n+2}$) as $\epsilon\ \rightarrow\ 0$. The "CF approximation" that our method computes approximates the true best approximation to the same high relative order. A numerical procedure for computing such approximations is described and shown to give results that confirm the asymptotic theory. Approximation of $e^z$ on the unit disk is taken as a central computational example.
A Comparison of Two Methods for Estimating Forage Destruction by Grasshoppers

Forage destruction indices were developed by a direct method (by measurement of relative destruction of barley seedlings in peat pellets) and by an indirect method (by estimation of average longevity per grasshopper). The indices were almost identical but the indirect method seemed the most practical.
Design and evaluation of a geovisual analytics system for uncovering patterns in spatio-temporal event data

ABSTRACTIt remains difficult to develop a clear understanding of geo-located events and their relationships to one another, particularly when it comes to identifying patterns of events in less-structured textual sources, such as news feeds and social media streams. Here we present a geovisualization tool that can leverage computational methods, such as T-pattern analysis, for extracting patterns of interest from event data streams. Our system, STempo, includes coordinated-view geovisualization components designed to support visual exploration and analysis of event data, and patterns extracted from those data, in terms of time, geography, and content. Through a user evaluation, we explore the usability and utility of STempo for understanding patterns of recent political, social, economic, and military events in Syria.
Psychological-mindedness: a conceptual model.

Definitions of psychological-mindedness are reviewed and critiqued, and a new model presented. Though the construct has broad applications for psychotherapy issues, definitions appearing in the lit...
Farm Families: Gendered Perceptions of Youth Safety and Injury Vulnerability

Farming is a male-dominated occupation, with gendered responsibilities evident on the family farm. The gendered construction of agricultural work roles carries over into parenting. Farm mothers have primary childcare responsibilities, but fathers usually oversee the most dangerous youth farm work, namely work around large equipment. This study examined mothers’ and fathers’ work and family roles on family commodity farms, as well as risk-taking propensity, safety perceptions, and perceptions of youth injury vulnerability. Participants were 248 farm parents (124 married couples) with a youth aged 9–19 yrs. Mothers were less likely than fathers to operate tractors, less confident and self-efficacious related to keeping their youth safe, and less knowledgeable about farm safety. Off-farm employment of mothers had little effect on their home or farm responsibilities. Fathers, but not mothers, believed boys could safely operate equipment at younger ages than girls. Unexpectedly, mothers perceived less injury vulnerability to youth than did fathers. For mothers and fathers, younger youth age, lower risk-taking, lower safety self-efficacy, and greater knowledge about farm safety predicted higher perceptions of youth injury vulnerability. For mothers, experience operating tractors predicted lower perceptions of youth vulnerability. Mothers often deferred to fathers when making decisions related to youth use of farm equipment. Mothers’ gendered roles and limited opportunity to gain farm safety knowledge may compromise their ability to work jointly with their husbands to keep youth safe on the farm. There is a need for communities to provide farm safety education to women who jointly farm with their husbands.
Overcoming the Digital Divide

We all know that technology has become a dominant force in today’s society for people of all ages. However, certain elements of society have less access to technology than others. In the literature, discussions and research on these discrepancies tend to focus on factors such as gender, sex, socioeconomic status, race, education, and employment. Occasionally, age is taken into consideration. In reviewing online articles related to the digital divide, it appears that there are many more articles, reports, and projects that focus on factors other than age. Few looked at the impact of the digital divide on senior citizens. One article, “The Internet and Older Adults” (U.S. Administration on Aging, 2004), reports that:
Confiscating Flight Control System by Stealthy Output Injection Attack

The problem of designing a false-data injection attack on a model predictive controlled system is considered with 1) limited knowledge of the plant, constraints, and controller characteristics; and...
Behavior of juvenile sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas), in a thermal gradient: Balancing food and temperature requirements

Abstract The vertical distribution of early juvenile sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas), and their behavioral responses to changing food and temperature conditions were examined in laboratory experiments. Although field collections have suggested that juveniles are obligate residents of the neuston, laboratory experiments on diel movements indicated the potential for downward movement during the day, when activity levels were high and active foraging would be likely. The relationship of downward movement to fish size (small vs. large juveniles), prior feeding success (high vs. low rations) and thermal structure of the water column (isothermal vs. varying intensities of thermal stratification) were tested. Thermal stratification inhibited downward movement, with sablefish displaying clear avoidance of cold water even when the thermal gradient was moderate (12 °C top layer and 8 °C bottom layer). However, sablefish could be induced to swim downward into cold water if food was introduced beneath the thermocline. Across all temperature treatments, occurrence in cold water significantly increased when food was present. Increasing the sharpness of the thermal gradient (top layer=12 °C, bottom layer=8, 6, 4 or 2 °C) did not affect the percentage of time spent in cold water, but did shorten the maximum time an individual would spend beneath the thermocline. Movement into cold water constituted a potentially lethal risk for juvenile sablefish; dives beneath the thermocline that exceeded 60 s resulted in loss of equilibrium and immediate death for small fish moving from 12 to 2 °C water. Thus, sablefish displayed behavioral trade-offs between food acquisition and the physiological risk of cold temperatures, similar to previous studies documenting balancing of foraging behavior and predation risk. Behavioral responses to thermal stratification were modified by fish size and hunger level, with larger juveniles and those held on low rations spending more time in cold water. These behavioral responses correspond with the high feeding requirements necessary to maintain the naturally rapid growth rates of this species and the transitions in habitat associated with different life history stages.
Berkeley Screen: a set of 96 solutions for general macromolecular crystallization

Using statistical analysis of the Biological Macromolecular Crystallization Database, combined with previous knowledge about crystallization reagents, a crystallization screen called the Berkeley Screen has been created. Correlating crystallization conditions and high-resolution protein structures, it is possible to better understand the influence that a particular solution has on protein crystal formation. Ions and small molecules such as buffers and precipitants used in crystallization experiments were identified in electron density maps, highlighting the role of these chemicals in protein crystal packing. The Berkeley Screen has been extensively used to crystallize target proteins from the Joint BioEnergy Institute and the Collaborative Crystallography program at the Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, contributing to several Protein Data Bank entries and related publications. The Berkeley Screen provides the crystallographic community with an efficient set of solutions for general macromolecular crystallization trials, offering a valuable alternative to the existing commercially available screens.
Patterns of Upper Airway Obstruction on Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy in Patients with Sleep-Disordered Breathing with AHI <5.

ObjectiveTo describe the patterns of upper airway obstruction in patients with sleep-disordered breathing with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) <5 using drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).Study DesignRe...
NastyBugs: A simple method for extracting antimicrobial resistance information from metagenomes

Multidrug resistant bacteria are becoming a major threat to global public health. While there are many possible causes for this, there have so far been few adequate solutions to this problem. One of the major causes is a lack of clinical tools for efficient selection of an antibiotic in a reliable way. NastyBugs is a new program that can identify what type of antimicrobial resistance is most likely present in a metagenomic sample, which will allow for both smarter drug selection by clinicians and faster research in an academic environment.
Cost-Effectiveness of Postoperative Ketamine in Chiari Decompression.

Introduction In Chiari I patients, postoperative pain and discomfort frequently slow the transition back to the home setting. Objective We sought to determine the effect of standardized ketamine infusion protocols on hospital length of stay (LOS). Methods This retrospective cohort study reviewed 100 consecutive adult patients undergoing Chiari I decompression. Fifty-nine patients were placed on a 2–3 mg/hr ketamine drip until postoperative day 1. This group was compared with a group who received 2–3 mg/hr of ketamine until postoperative day 2 (19 patients) and patients who did not receive ketamine at all (22 patients). Clinical characteristics, opioid use, LOS, and relative hospitalization costs were assessed. All narcotic amounts were converted into milligram equivalents of morphine. Results LOS of the short-ketamine group was 46.5 hours when compared with the long-ketamine group (66.8 hours) and no-ketamine group (56.9 hours). There was a statistically significant difference when comparing the short-ketamine group with the long-ketamine group and no-ketamine group together ( P P = 0.001 and 0.004). The mean cost of hospitalization was 20% less when a short-ketamine protocol was used ( P P = 0.65). No adverse events from ketamine were noted. Conclusions Ketamine at subanesthetic levels may be an effective tool to facilitate early return home postoperatively and may significantly reduce medical costs.
Sézary syndrome-clinical and histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and treatment.

Sezary syndrome (SS) is a rare subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma marked by erythroderma, circulating neoplastic T cells, and poor prognosis. Its low incidence has made the study of its etiology, immunologic/molecular pathways, and effective treatments difficult. Because histopathology may be nonspecific in SS, microscopic findings must be correlated with the clinical presentation and the results of blood evaluation in order to make the diagnosis. Treatments that preserve, rather than compromise, the immune system are preferred.
Multi-criteria decision support system with negotiation process for vehicle technology selection

Abstract Decision Makers (DMs) in vehicle technology transportation planning, seek to understand the impact of a given technology on energy use and GHG emissions. There are decision making processes to evaluate technology solutions to meet policy maker requirements, others that evaluate technologies to satisfy consumer requirements, and others that evaluate technologies that provide the automaker with a profit. However, there does not appear to be a decision making process that incorporates all such evaluations into one model. The ideal process should incorporate economic evaluation, market diffusion and government regulations. The aim of this paper is to try and help get closer to such an ideal process, by developing an interactive Decision Support System (DSS), that incorporates as much pertinent information and modeling results published in the available literature as possible. The DSS will have all DM inputs incorporated and generate a ranking of technologies and/or scenario alternatives. The generated results will initiate a negotiation process that will help DMs understand the tradeoffs between different key parameters. Thus, the tool will enable a qualitative and quantitative comparison that provides important information to DMs, to systematically define preferred vehicle design and/or technology scenario to meet the requirements of policy, society, industry and consumers.
Psychometric Assessment of the Job Embeddedness Instrument: A Rasch Perspective:

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the job embeddedness instrument (JEI) using a Rasch perspective in a sample of Registered Nurses (RNs). A secondary analysis of data was conducted from a previous study examining the job embeddedness of rural and urban RNs. A Rasch analysis supported the six underlying dimensions: organizational fit, community fit, organizational links, community links, organizational sacrifice, and community sacrifice. The results of this study also demonstrate additional evidence of the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the JEI inferences with a sample of RNs. In total, 38 of 39 items of the original JEI were retained in the model. The psychometric evaluation attained through this multidimensional Rasch analysis provided support for using the JEI to assess the level of job embeddedness for RNs.
A Legal Aid Centre in Marrakesh: Civil Society Activists and the Court in 2007

The Moroccan Muslim family law (the Moudawana) was codified and has been reformed under the aegis of the semi-authoritarian monarchy. In 2004, the current King Mohammed VI overcame popular resistance to radical state legal reform and increased spouses’ access to judicial divorce (on the grounds of discord, or shiqāq). This reform has had a profound impact on both husbands’ and wives’ divorce practice and has expanded the scope for debates about marital gender dynamics. This chapter follows the work of a legal aid centre (centre d’ecoute) in Marrakesh in 2007, as it supported wives into the legal process and analyses court rulings issued from 2004 to 2007. Legal reform has hugely increased women’s ability to divorce as courts accept variety of gender-based claims. This has changed men’s legal strategies.
Trattamento chirurgico delle masse ovariche nelle “teenager”

La presentazione di masse ovariche nella popolazione “teenager” varia ampiamente. I piu comuni sintomi di presentazione sono dolore addominale (59–70%), massa palpabile addominale (2–35%) e sanguinamento mestruale irregolare (8–18%). Con l’uso delle modalita di “imaging” innovative per traumi e altre indicazioni, masse ovariche accidentali vengono diagnosticate con piu frequenza.
A topical/local classifier for word sense identification

TLC is a supervised training (S) system that uses a Bayesian statistical model and features of a word's context to identify word sense. We describe the classifier's operation and how it can be configured to use only topical context cues, only local cues, or a combination of both. Our results on Senseval's final run are presented along with a comparison to the performance of the best S system and the average for S systems. We discuss ways to improve TLC by enriching its feature set and by substituting other decision procedures for the Bayesian model. Future development of supervised training classifiers will depend on the availability of tagged training data. TLC can assist in the hand-tagging effort by helping human taggers locate infrequent senses of polysemous words.
Parallel Stochastic Successive Convex Approximation Method for Large-Scale Dictionary Learning

We consider the problem of dictionary learning over training sets whose sample size and parameter dimension are large-scale, which is formulated as a non-convex stochastic program where the objective decomposes into a smooth non-convex part and a convex sparsity-promoting penalty. We propose a Doubly Stochastic Successive Convex approximation scheme (DSSC) as a new numerical tool to address this task which operates by decomposing the dictionary and sparse codes into blocks and operates on random subsets of blocks at each step. The algorithm belongs to the family of successive convex approximation methods since we replace the original non-convex stochastic objective by a strongly convex sample surrogate function, and solve the resulting convex program, for each randomly selected block in parallel. The method operates on subsets of features (block coordinate methods) and training examples (stochas-tic approximation) at each step. In contrast to many training schemes for dictionary learning, DSSC attains almost sure convergence to a stationary solution of the problem. We observe the practical benefits of this approach for stable learning and computational speedup when applied to streaming visual data gathered by a field robot.
Measuring labor and delivery unit culture and clinicians' attitudes toward birth: Revision and validation of the Labor Culture Survey.

Background Cesarean delivery rates in the United States vary widely between hospitals, which cannot be fully explained by hospital or patient factors. Cultural factors are hypothesized to play a role in cesarean overuse, yet tools to measure labor culture are lacking. The aim of this study was to revise and validate a survey tool to measure hospital culture specific to cesarean overuse. Methods A panel of clinicians and researchers compiled an item bank from validated surveys, added newly created items, and performed four rounds of iterative revision and consolidation. Obstetricians, family physicians, midwives, anesthesiologists, and labor nurses were recruited from 79 hospitals in California. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the number of survey items and identify latent constructs to form the basis of subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis examined reliability in 31 additional hospitals. Poisson regression assessed associations between hospitals' mean score on each individual item and cesarean rates. Results A total of 1718 individuals from 70 hospitals were included in the exploratory factor analysis. The final Labor Culture Survey (LCS) consisted of 29 items and six subscales: "Best Practices to Reduce Cesarean Overuse," "Fear of Vaginal Birth," "Unit Microculture," "Physician Oversight," "Maternal Agency," and "Cesarean Safety." Conclusions The revised LCS is a valid and reliable tool to measure constructs shown to be associated with cesarean rates. These findings support prior research that has shown that hospital culture is measurable, and that clinician attitudes are predictive of clinician behaviors. Unique to our survey is the construct of labor and delivery unit microculture.
Vitamin D3 Regulates Follicular Development and Intrafollicular Vitamin D Biosynthesis and Signaling in the Primate Ovary.

There is an increasing recognition that vitamin D plays important roles in female reproduction. Recent studies demonstrated that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), the biologically active form of vitamin D, improved ovarian follicle survival and growth in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the direct effects of VD3 at the specific preantral and antral stages of follicular development, and tested the hypothesis that vitamin D receptor (VDR) and enzymes critical for vitamin D biosynthesis are expressed in the primate ovary. Fourteen adult rhesus macaques provided ovarian tissue. Secondary and antral follicles were isolated for PCR analysis on VDR, vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase. VDR protein localization was determined by immunohistochemistry on ovarian sections. Isolated secondary follicles were cultured under conditions of control and VD3 supplementation during the preantral or antral stage. Follicle survival, growth, steroid and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) production, as well as oocyte maturation were evaluated. In vivo- and in vitro-developed follicles were also assessed for genes that are critical for vitamin D biosynthesis and signaling, gonadotropin signaling, steroid and paracrine factor production, and oocyte quality. The mRNA encoding VDR, 25-hydroxylase, and 1α-hydroxylase was detectable in in vivo- and in vitro-developed preantral and antral follicles. The 25-hydroxylase was elevated in cultured follicles relative to in vivo-developed follicles, which further increased following VD3 exposure. VD3 treatment increased 1α-hydroxylase in in vitro-developed antral follicles. The absence of VD3 during culture decreased VDR expression in in vitro-developed antral follicles, which was restored to levels comparable to those of in vivo-developed antral follicles by VD3 supplementation. Positive immunostaining for VDR was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of granulosa cells and oocytes. While only survival was improved in preantral follicles treated with VD3, VD3 supplementation promoted both survival and growth of antral follicles with increased estradiol and AMH production, as well as oocyte maturation. Thus, Vitamin D biosynthesis and signaling systems are expressed in primate ovarian follicles. Our findings support a role for VD3 in regulating follicular development in a stage-dependent manner, as well as the intrafollicular vitamin D biosynthesis and signaling, directly in the ovary.
Reference Point Based NSGA-III for Preferred Solutions

The recent advances in evolutionary many-objective optimization (EMOs) have allowed for efficient ways of finding a number of diverse trade-off solutions in three to 15-objective problems. However, there are at least two reasons why the users are, in some occasions, interested in finding a part, instead of the entire Pareto-optimal front. First, after analyzing the obtained trade-off solutions by an EMO algorithm, the user may be interested in concentrating in a specific preferred region of the Pareto-optimal front, either to obtain additional solutions in the region of interest or to investigate the nature of solutions in the preferred region. Second, the user may already have a well-articulated preference among objectives and is straightaway interested in finding preferred solutions. In this paper, we suggest a reference point based evolutionary many-objective optimization procedure for achieving both of these purposes. Additionally, we suggest an extended version of a previously proposed reference-point based evolutionary multi-objective optimization method. Our proposed procedures are capable of handling more than one reference point simultaneously. We demonstrate the working of our proposed procedures on a number of test and real-world problems. The results are encouraging and suggest the use of the concept to other evolutionary many-objective optimization algorithms for further study.
Accuracy of PurePulse photoplethysmography technology of Fitbit Charge 2 for assessment of heart rate during sleep.

Elevated asleep heart rate (HR) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other-cause morbidity and mortality. We assessed the accuracy of Fitbit Inc. PurePulse® photoplethysmography with ref...
Fission fragment isomers populated via 6Li + 232Th

Short-lived isomers in fission fragments following bombardment of 45-MeV {sup 6}Li on {sup 232}Th were examined. Isomers in the A{approx}95, 122, and 132 mass regions were observed. New isomeric decays were observed in {sup 121}In[T{sub 1/2}=17(2) mus], {sup 123}In (T{sub 1/2}> or approx.100 mus), and {sup 125}Sb[T{sub 1/2}=25(4) mus]. These isomers are suggested to arise from nu(h{sub 11/2} x d{sub 3/2})7{sup -} and nu(h{sub 11/2} x s{sub 1/2})5{sup -} neutron core excitations coupling with the valence proton.
SCGid: a consensus approach to contig filtering and genome prediction from single-cell sequencing libraries of uncultured eukaryotes.

Motivation Whole-genome sequencing of uncultured eukaryotic genomes is complicated by difficulties in acquiring sufficient amounts of tissue. Single-cell genomics (SCG) by multiple displacement amplification provides a technical workaround, yielding whole-genome libraries which can be assembled de novo. Downsides of multiple displacement amplification include coverage biases and exacerbation of contamination. These factors affect assembly continuity and fidelity, complicating discrimination of genomes from contamination and noise by available tools. Uncultured eukaryotes and their relatives are often underrepresented in large sequence data repositories, further impairing identification and separation. Results We compare the ability of filtering approaches to remove contamination and resolve eukaryotic draft genomes from SCG metagenomes, finding significant variation in outcomes. To address these inconsistencies, we introduce a consensus approach that is codified in the SCGid software package. SCGid parallelly filters assemblies using different approaches, yielding three intermediate drafts from which consensus is drawn. Using genuine and mock SCG metagenomes, we show that our approach corrects for variation among draft genomes predicted by individual approaches and outperforms them in recapitulating published drafts in a fast and repeatable way, providing a useful alternative to available methods and manual curation. Availability and implementation The SCGid package is implemented in python and R. Source code is available at http://www.github.com/amsesk/SCGid under the GNU GPL 3.0 license. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
2 – Microstructure Function

This chapter introduces the foundational concept of microstructure function as a spatially resolved probability distribution over the local state space. After introducing the central concept, this chapter explores key ideas on spectral representation of this function. The main advantages of discrete Fourier transform representations for the functional dependence on the spatial variable are discussed in great detail. Likewise, the advantages of employing suitable Fourier representations for the functional dependencies on the local state descriptors are discussed with several examples. It is also demonstrated that the concept is broadly applicable to a variety of material systems at different length/structure scales.