cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anchoring an extended HTLV-1 Rex peptide within an RNA major groove containing junctional base triples

Abstract Background: The Rex protein of the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) belongs to a family of proteins that use arginine-rich motifs (ARMs) to recognize their RNA targets. Previously, an in vitro selected RNA aptamer sequence was identified that mediates mRNA transport in vivo when placed in the primary binding site on stem-loop IID of the Rex response element. We present the solution structure of the HTLV-1 arginine-rich Rex peptide bound to its RNA aptamer target determined by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Results: The Rex peptide in a predominantly extended conformation threads through a channel formed by the shallow and widened RNA major groove and a looped out guanine. The RNA aptamer contains three stems separated by a pair of two-base bulges, and adopts an unanticipated fold in which both junctional sites are anchored through base triple formation. Binding specificity is associated with intermolecular hydrogen bonding between guanidinium groups of three non-adjacent arginines and the guanine base edges of three adjacent G•C pairs. Conclusions: The extended S-shaped conformation of the Rex peptide, together with previous demonstrations of a β -hairpin conformation for the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) Tat peptide and an α -helical conformation for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Rev peptide in complex with their respective RNA targets, expands our understanding of the strategies employed by ARMs for adaptive recognition and highlights the importance of RNA tertiary structure in accommodating minimalist elements of protein secondary structure.
Symptoms Experienced by Family Members of Patients in Intensive Care Units

Concern for the family members of patients who are at high risk of dying in intensive care units is both a necessary and integral part of providing holistic nursing care. When patients are at high risk of dying, their families experience burdens such as decision making and treatment choices that can cause the families psychological and physical symptoms, most commonly stress, anxiety, and depression. These symptoms in turn can affect family members' general well-being. Since the late 1990s, several quantitative and qualitative studies have been done to assess symptoms in such family members. In this review of the literature, the current state of the science on symptoms experienced by family members of patients in the intensive care unit is reviewed and critiqued. Risk factors associated with an increase in symptoms experienced are discussed. Overall, surveys that use self-report measures were the most common study design. Limitations of the studies include convenience sampling, small sample sizes, and a lack of description of patients' characteristics, all of which make comparison and use of findings difficult. Recommendations to address gaps in the literature are highlighted, and future research goals are discussed.
Symbol rate detectability of filtered OQPSK by a delay and multiply receiver

The detectability of the symbol rate of an offset quadrature-modulated signal by a delay and multiply receiver is investigated. Signal pulses considered are filtered rectangular pulses. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver output is used as the measure of detectability. The effects of timing error, amplitude balance and filter order are studied. Also, analytical results are compared with results from computer simulation. It is observed that filtered rectangular pulses with offset quadrature modulation can give very low rate line SNR. >
Factors in Normal Human Serum that Promote Bacterial Phagocytosis

Heat-stable and heat-labile factors of normal human serum involved in opsonophagocytosis and intracellular killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were investigated. Specific natural IgG antibodies, properdin, and a heat-labile factor (presumably C3 proactivator) were all required for phagocytosis and bactericidal activity. This finding suggested that an alternate pathway of the complement system was activated. Addition of immune IgG antibodies to the system eliminated the requirement for properdin and the heat-labile factor. Thus, two different mechanisms of complement activation can participate in the opsonophagocytosis of P. aeruginosa.
Fluorodimethoxyborane Diethyl Etherate

[367-46-4] C6H16BFO3 (MW 166.03) InChI = 1S/C4H10O.C2H6BFO2/c1-3-5-4-2;1-5-3(4)6-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3;1-2H3 InChIKey = GQWKDAZAOCAZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (electrophilic borylating agent, precursor of allylboronic esters) Physical Data: bp 46–48 °C/760 mmHg.1 Solubility: sol common organic solvents (THF, Et2O, toluene, CH2Cl2, etc.). The title compound is moisture sensitive and will hydrolyze when exposed to water. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H (δ 3.62 (br m, 4H), 3.51 (br s, 6H), 1.23 (6 H, t, J = 7.2 Hz)) or 11B NMR. Preparative Method: by the disproportionation reaction of two moles Trimethyl Borate and one mole of Boron Trifluoride Etherate. Distillation of the reaction mixture produces the title reagent as the diethyl etherate (76%).1 Purification: distillation. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: reagent reacts with moisture and other protic solvents. It should be handled under an inert atmosphere in a well-ventilated hood. Contact with the eyes and skin should be avoided.
Carcinoembryonic antigen binding proteins on elicited peritoneal macrophages

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, is recognized by a specific 80-kd receptor on Kupffer cells and alveolar macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from male Sprague-Dawley rats 72 h after intraperitoneal injection with thioglycolate broth and from unstimulated animals. The elicited peritoneal macrophages had a much greater capacity to endocytosed CEA than the cells isolated from unstimulated animals. They took up CEA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Cellular uptake was temperature and colchicine sensitive indicating internalization of CEA. The process was saturable and could be specifically inhibited by CEA and nonspecific crossreacting antigen (NCA), a member of the CEA supergene family. Two binding proteins of approximately 35 and 80 kd were isolated from the surface of the peritoneal macrophages by affinity chromatography on a CEA-Sepharose column. Using CEA coupled to sulfo-succininidyl-2-[p-azidosalicyl amide]-1,3'-dithiopropionate (SASD), a photoactivatable crosslinker, two binding proteins of 55 and 80 kd were identified on the surface of live peritoneal macrophages. The specificity of CEA endocytosis and binding proteins exhibited by the elicited peritoneal cells are similar to that previously reported for Kupffer cells and alveolar macrophages.
Technological Growth and L2 Construct Definition: Will Applied Linguistics Keep Pace with Language Users?

Chapelle (2003) coined the phrase “tunnel of efficiency” to describe what she considers a truncation of vision on the part of applied linguists who have studied technological innovations in L2 assessment. This nearsightedness, she argues, has led to an overemphasis of research that serves immediate practical considerations, i.e., faster, more efficient delivery and scoring of traditional tests. Underemphasized is the question of how the rapidly advancing availability and widespread use of new technology can or should change L2 constructs. To maintain the relevance of our field and coherently evaluate the validity of L2 assessment use arguments, we must pay attention to these questions.
An information value based approach to design procedure capture

Capturing engineering knowledge and managing it effectively is important for enterprises to stay competitive in today's global market. In our research, we focus on specific engineering knowledge, called design procedures, and attempt to develop effective ways to capture this operational knowledge from the design events monitored during design process. We proposed a novel method called Information Value based Mining for Sequential Pattern, or VMSP for short. VMSP does not require any predefined design-task-specific rules for classification of design events. The basic idea of VMSP is to treat any list of monitored design events as a sequential pattern and search for most frequent and informative sequential patterns. VMSP automatically generates candidate templates of sequential patterns, and then identify valuable patterns as design operations based on the interestingness we set. The interestingness is a synthesized index of the two evaluation criteria: One is intrinsic value representing how many design events constitute the template; and the other is extrinsic value indicating how often the sequence appears in the design process. We have evaluated VMSP through two case studies using real CAD operation data recorded through gear design and automotive door design processes, respectively. A case study using synthetic data was also carried out to test the scalability of the proposed algorithm.
Hypothesis theory and the PREE

A recent expansion of hypothesis theory has resulted in a new interpretation of the partial-reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). According to this interpretation, the classical 100%-reinforcement and 50%-reinforcement groups receive different solution-experiences on Problem 1. This, in turn, produces different expectations about the solution on Problem 2. Three experiments, using a nonreversal shift paradigm, were performed to test this view. The results were that, as hypothesized, a nonreversal shift was learned faster than a shift from a random-reinforcement condition.
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) puts us in our place

Thomas Huxley was one of the 19th century's most active defenders of Darwin's idea that life has evolved through natural processes. An anatomist and paleontologist, he extended his energies to science and education policy, the democratization of science, and the broad societal implications of evolution. Since his time the fossil record has greatly improved and the genetic ‘revolution’ has occurred, deepening our understanding of primate and human evolution in ways that would please Huxley: improved systematics relies heavily on genetic data, and molecular technologies are opening our understanding of the genetic basis of complex traits of traditional anthropological interest—but in ways that are thoroughly dependent on the fact of evolution. A more unified biological synthesis is forming that unites genes, developmental process, structure, and inheritance. But the tempo and mode of evolution remain unresolved. Huxley was one of many who have had trouble accepting Darwin's gradual natural selection as the central evolutionary mechanism, and views spanning the antipodes of gradualism and saltation find advocates even in our genetic era. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 302B:196–206, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of an e-Prescribing interface redesign on rates of generic drug prescribing: exploiting default options.

Objective Increasing the use of generic medications could help control medical costs. However, educational interventions have limited impact on prescriber behavior, and e-prescribing alerts are associated with high override rates and alert fatigue. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a less intrusive intervention, a redesign of an e-prescribing interface that provides default options intended to “nudge” prescribers towards prescribing generic drugs. Methods This retrospective cohort study in an academic ambulatory multispecialty practice assessed the effects of customizing an e-prescribing interface to substitute generic equivalents for brand-name medications during order entry and allow a one-click override to order the brand-name medication. Results Among drugs with generic equivalents, the proportion of generic drugs prescribed more than doubled after the interface redesign, rising abruptly from 39.7% to 95.9% (a 56.2% increase; 95% confidence interval, 56.0–56.4%; P < .001). Before the redesign, generic drug prescribing rates varied by therapeutic class, with rates as low as 8.6% for genitourinary products and 15.7% for neuromuscular drugs. After the redesign, generic drug prescribing rates for all but four therapeutic classes were above 90%: endocrine drugs, neuromuscular drugs, nutritional products, and miscellaneous products. Discussion Changing the default option in an e-prescribing interface in an ambulatory care setting was followed by large and sustained increases in the proportion of generic drugs prescribed at the practice. Conclusions Default options in health information technology exert a powerful effect on user behavior, an effect that can be leveraged to optimize decision making.
Insurance, Managed Care

At the time of this writing the system of healthcare insurance in the United States is undergoing major changes. This changing scenario will likely last for years and will not be pleasant to understand or deal with. You must become at least superficially knowledgeable with the system as it will affect your day to day practice even as a resident or fellow.
Scattering of Photons by Atomic Systems

We shall next use our interaction between the atomic system and the radiation field to study the scattering of photons from atoms or molecules. We shall study both elastic scattering processes and inelastic scattering processes. In the low frequency limit, the elastic scattering is known as Rayleigh scattering; at high frequency, it is known as Thomson scattering. The inelasic scattering process goes by the name of Raman scattering.
The Study of Science and Technology Innovation on Supply Chain Management

It is great practical significance that colleges and universities for the promotion of scientific and technological innovation and the rapid transfer of knowledge and results of industrialization through introducing supply chain management philosophy and management approach.So,based on analyzing the concept of supply chain and related to general existing problems in university ST innovation,the paper discussed some principles and ideas of promoting university innovation through introducing the theories and methods of supply chain.
Celebrity endorsements: Influence of a product-endorser match on Millennials attitudes and purchase intentions

Abstract The buying power of millennial consumers is ever growing. They are social consumers, sharing all aspects of their experiences on social media. One advertising technique that may sway millennial consumers is using a celebrity endorser. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the presence of a congruent product-endorser match helped influence purchase intent of millennial consumers and aide in favourable attitudes toward the advertisement. Millennials evaluated an unfamiliar celebrity endorsement where they indicated they had little intent to purchase the product endorsed by the unfamiliar celebrity, but the unfamiliar celebrity did lead to favourable evaluations of the advertisement.
Sequential resource allocation in communication networks: guessing games, strategies, and online algorithms

Emerging wireless communication technologies have posed numerous challenges in the efficient and robust design of wireless networks, in particular the efficient use of scarce resources, e.g. bandwidth, energy, time. This dissertation considers two resource allocation problems that are motivated by these challenges. In the first problem, an individual needs to accomplish a task by repeatedly investing a sufficient level of effort or input. The higher the investment, the more likely the task is to be completed but more resources are consumed. Motivating applications include selecting time-to-live (TTL) values for controlled flooding search in a communication network and determining the power level for wireless transmission. The objective is to complete the task with minimal resources subject to a delay constraint. When the individual knows the distribution of minimum effort required, we present a dynamic programming formulation which computes the optimal strategy with low computational complexity. When the individual does not have knowledge on this distribution, we formulate a constrained optimization problem by adopting worst-case cost and delay measures. We derive a class of optimal strategies, shown to be randomized, and obtain their performance as a function of the constraint. The second problem considers opportunistic spectrum access policies for a transmitter in a multi-channel wireless system, where a channel can be in one of multiple states. In such systems, the transmitter has limited knowledge on channel states but can obtain information by probing individual channels at the expense of consuming valuable resources, e.g. energy and time. The objective is to determine which channels to probe and which channel to use for transmission. When the transmitter has knowledge of the distribution of channel states, we derive key structural properties of the optimal strategy and propose an efficient algorithm that is optimal for a number of special cases. When the individual does not have knowledge on this distribution, we formulate a worst-case performance measure and derive optimal strategies with respect to this measure. The performances of these algorithms are examined under a class of practical channel models via numerical studies.
A regression-based approach to estimating retrofit savings using the Building Performance Database

Retrofitting building systems is known to provide cost-effective energy savings. However, prioritizing retrofits and computing their expected energy savings and cost/benefits can be a complicated, costly, and an uncertain effort. Prioritizing retrofits for a portfolio of buildings can be even more difficult if the owner must determine different investment strategies for each of the buildings. Meanwhile, we are seeing greater availability of data on building energy use, characteristics, and equipment. These data provide opportunities for the development of algorithms that link building characteristics and retrofits empirically. In this paper we explore the potential of using such data for predicting the expected energy savings from equipment retrofits for a large number of buildings. We show that building data with statistical algorithms can provide savings estimates when detailed energy audits and physics-based simulations are not cost- or time-feasible. We develop a multivariate linear regression model with numerical predictors (e.g., operating hours, occupant density) and categorical indicator variables (e.g., climate zone, heating system type) to predict energy use intensity. The model quantifies the contribution of building characteristics and systems to energy use, and we use it to infer the expected savings when modifying particular equipment. We verify the model using residual analysis and cross-validation. We demonstrate the retrofit analysis by providing a probabilistic estimate of energy savings for several hypothetical building retrofits. We discuss the ways understanding the risk associated with retrofit investments can inform decision making. The contributions of this work are the development of a statistical model for estimating energy savings, its application to a large empirical building dataset, and a discussion of its use in informing building retrofit decisions.
WISPCam: An RF-Powered Smart Camera for Machine Vision Applications

Sustained exponential improvements in the energy efficiency of microelectronics has recently enabled us to build battery-free camera systems that are powered entirely by propagating radio waves. This paper describes primitive machine vision applications built using this highly constrained, battery-free camera system. After describing the WISPCam system and its constraints, we show how to leverage onboard computation capabilities to compress data transmit as much as possible. Then we demonstrate application of WISPCam for face detection/recognition. To that end, we use WISPCam to capture (relatively) high resolution images of faces, without ever capturing a full frame at high resolution. This example application illustrates the issues that arise in partitioning a demanding vision application across mobile hardware that is highly constrained in power, storage, computation, and communication.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic Acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, alters multiple signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines

Abstract Introduction Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has preclinical efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), despite an unclear molecular mechanism. We sought to further investigate the effects of SAHA on HCC. We hypothesize SAHA will inhibit HCC cellular proliferation through apoptosis and aid in further profiling SAHA's effect on HCC oncogenic pathways. Methods HCC cell lines were treated with various concentrations of SAHA. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT and colonogenic assays. Cell lysates were analyzed via Western blotting for apoptotic and oncogenic pathway markers. Caspase glo-3/7 was used to assess apoptosis. Results SAHA treatment demonstrated significant ( Conclusions SAHA inhibits Notch, AKT, and Raf-1 pathways but not the STAT3 pathway. We believe that STAT3 may lead to cancer cell progression, reducing SAHA efficacy in HCC. Therefore, combination of SAHA and STAT or Notch inhibition may be a strategy for HCC treatment.
IS CONTINUOUS OUTPATIENT MILRINONE THERAPY APPROPRIATE IN STAGE D HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH UNDERLYING VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Background: Continuous outpatient milrinone infusion is a proposed therapy for patients (pts) with NYHA-IV stage D HF, yet it is associated with an increase in ventricular dysrhythmias. As such, guidelines advise caution using milrinone in pts with a history of ventricular tachycardia (VT). As
Temporal bone computed tomography findings associated with feasibility of endoscopic ear surgery.

Abstract Purpose There are no formal radiologic criteria to stratify patients for transcanal (TEES) or transmastoid endoscopic ear surgery for resection of cholesteatoma. We aim to determine 1) whether standard preoperative computed tomography (CT) findings are associated with the need for conversion to a transmastoid approach and 2) the amount of time added for conversion from TEES to transmastoid techniques. Materials and methods Retrospective chart review of consecutive pediatric and adult cases of TEES for primary cholesteatoma from 2013 through 2015 (n = 52). TEES cases were defined as endoscope-only procedures that did not require a transmastoid approach (n = 33). Conversion cases were defined as procedures that began as TEES however, required conversion to a transmastoid approach due to the inability to complete cholesteatoma removal (n = 19). Preoperative CT findings and total operating room (OR) times of TEES and conversion cases were compared. Results Preoperative CT scan characteristics that were associated with conversion included tegmen erosion (p = 0.026), malleus erosion (p Conclusions Preoperative CT findings, notably extension of soft tissue in the aditus ad antrum, antrum and mastoid, are associated with need for conversion to transmastoid technique to achieve removal of cholesteatoma. Endoscope-only cases were significantly faster than cases that required conversion to a transmastoid approach.
Image-domain non-uniformity correction for cone-beam CT

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is been increasingly used in radiation therapy for patient setup, dose verification and adaptive planning. However, the non-uniformity artifacts on CBCT images mainly caused by x-ray scatter contamination are considered as one of the fundamental limitations that prevents CBCT from widespread clinical practice. In this study, we propose an image-domain non-uniformity correction algorithm on CBCT images. The algorithm is based on the assumption that the non-uniformity of voxel values of one material is spatially continuous and is dominated by low-frequency components in the image domain. We first estimate a map of non-uniformity from the segmented material images. A compensation mask is then calculated from the estimated non-uniformity with low-pass filtering and is added back to the original image to obtain the corrected image. On 5 pelvis patient datasets, we demonstrate that our method successfully reduces the spatial non-uniformity on CBCT images by 72% on average.
Leadership models and community resilience to climate change events: A case study of an Alaskan bush village

! Climate change in the Arctic is happening at twice the rate of the rest of the world. Arctic communities are struggling to survive as the effects of these changes threaten the very fabric of their communities. Resilience to these climate change events is determined by many factors. Communities must be able to act collectively, use local knowledge, have access to financial resources, and participate in the decision making processes. All of these factors are determined by the effectiveness of the leadership models employed to reach specific community goals. ! Climate change events and leadership both occur at the local level. Studying the results produced by different leadership models employed in one Alaskan, Inupiaq village yields important insight into climate change and community resilience. The case study village uses three concurrent leadership styles to build community resilience for three different climate change events. The Native leadership model is being used for emergency preparedness and response to the increasing severity of fall storms and flooding. The rational bureaucratic leadership model is being used to build a protective sea wall to preserve and stabilize the eroding shoreline. The adaptive co-management model is being used to manage failing moose populations. Understanding the key role leadership has played in this community will provide pertinent insights for communities throughout the world suffering the effects of climate change.
Statins and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease.

Background The relationship between statins and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood. Objectives Analyses were performed to determine associations between statin use and cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive performance in PD. Methods Neuropsychological tests, medication logs, and ratings of functional abilities were collected from 313 PD participants longitudinally. Results At baseline, statin users (SU; N = 129) were older, more likely male, and had shorter PD duration than non-statin users (NSU; N = 184). In Cross-sectional analysis, SU performed better on global cognition, Trails B, semantic fluency, and phonemic fluency tasks. Rate of long-term global cognitive (Dementia Rating Scale-2 and MoCA) decline was significantly less in SU.
On the Relation Between Visualized Space and Perceived Space

In this paper, I will examine the question of the space of visual imagery. I will ask whether in visually imagining an object or a scene, we also thereby imagine that object or scene as being in a space unrelated to the space we’re simultaneously perceiving or whether it is the case that the space of visual imagination is experienced as connected to the space of perceptual experience. I will argue that the there is no distinction between the spatial content of visualization and the spatial content of visual perception. I will base my conclusion on two uncontroversial, empirically confirmed aspects of imagery: (a) the perspectival character of imagery, and (b) the possibility of superimposing an imagined object upon the perceived scene.
Good ramps, bad ramps: Centralized design standards and disability access in urban Russian infrastructure

Accessible design seeks to reconfigure the social by restructuring the material. As the idea moves globally, it becomes entwined in local logics of moral obligations between citizens and the state. Wheelchair users in the city of Petrozavodsk, in northwestern Russia, talk about inaccessible infrastructure as being embedded in moral relationships. In their stories, hierarchies of expertise diffuse responsibility for outcomes and devalue user knowledge. When accessible design elements are installed to meet minimum standards, they are “just for the check mark” and often do not “work.” Wheelchair ramps produce value for businesses or governments by representing an idea of access that circulates as a commodity. Failed accessible design draws attention to a moral field governing the responsibilities of actors to produce a “good” built environment, imbricated in teleologies of progress. [disability, design, infrastructure, access, ramps, postsocialism, Russia] Смысл идеи создания «доступной среды» заключается не просто в реконструкции материальных объектов и создании нового удобного дизайна, но, главным образом, в перестройке паттернов мышления и социальных отношений. Глобальное продвижение данной идеи в отдельных странах и культурах сопровождается столкновением новых смыслов с уже существующими местными представлениями о моральных обязательствах между государством и его гражданами. Так, жители северо-запада России, города Петрозаводска, использующие инвалидные коляски (инвалиды колясочники) рассказывают о недоступности местной инфраструктуры, которая существует именно из-за устоявшихся моральных порядков. В своих интервью инвалиды колясочники объясняют, что внедрение новых стандартов «доступной среды» происходит централизовано, без обращения к опыту самих людей с инвалидностью, что в итоге приводит к рассеиванию ответственности за конечные результаты. Зачастую элементы доступной среды устанавливают только «для галочки» — ради соблюдения стандартных требований, делая их при этом совершенно непригодными для использования. Таким образом, установка пандусов для маломобильных групп населения, символизируя собой идею «доступности», становится товаром и используется власть имущие (бизнес и государство) лишь с целью формирования собственной положительной репутации. Подобные неудачные примеры реализации идеи «доступной среды» сосредоточивают наше внимание на «неписаных» моральных правилах, которые регулируют деятельность лиц, ответственных за создание «хороший дизайн» городской среды, при этом всегда тесно переплетаются с существующими в конкретном обществе приоритетами развития. [инвалидность, дизайн, инфраструктура, доступность, пандус, постсоциализм, Россия]
COMPARISON OF MONITORED ANESTHESIA CARE AND GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (TAVR)

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) can be performed under general anesthesia (GA), during monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with an anesthesiologist present, or using the “minimalist approach” with no anesthesiologist present. This study compared the outcomes of performing TAVR using
Reconsidering the Instructional Design and Technology Timeline Through a Lens of Social Justice

A combined timeline project of major events in the field of instructional design and technology (IDT) and concurrent events in the broader social context was engaged as part of an effort to understand why social justice issues seem to be perceived as irrelevant to and disconnected from professional work in IDT. A brief review of IDT is presented, including an example reinforcing tendencies toward mechanistic thinking, and key moments when the field shifted in response to attention being called to areas previously neglected. Several interesting juxtapositions found in the combined timeline are then presented. Our lack of critical attention to the social, historical, and cultural contexts in which our field has developed and continues to evolve contributes to perpetuation of a culture of ignorance regarding systemic injustice and related issues, which therefore may be overlooked and reinforced in our work. This tendency will continue unless we make a needed shift to the field.
Safety at Schools: Identifying the Costs Associated with the Necessary Safeguards for Arming Educators

Editors’ note: The Rural Educator publishes a policy brief each issue, intended to explore topics pertinent to rural education policy and advocacy. The issue of school safety is particularly timely, especially for rural schools. We believe this essay, based on surveys of school leaders in Colorado, takes a unique perspective by examining the financial costs that might be associated with policies to place guns in schools.
Postcards from Waterloo: Tom Verlaine’s Historical Constellations

“Postcards from Waterloo: Tom Verlaine’s Historical Constellations” sees Tom Verlaine as a Romantic rather than situating him among the avant-garde. Drawing on those Romantics who, like Keats, do not write with immediate reference to their historical context, Verlaine constructs songs that constellate past eras in relation to the present. In particular, his song “Postcards from Waterloo” draws a parallel between the creation of punk as a cultural category and the early nineteenth century’s retrospective construction of Romanticism. The chapter argues that Verlaine’s vein of Romanticism changes from his early work with Television to his later solo work, especially Words from the Front (1982), an argument supplemented by a comparison of Verlaine’s strain of Romanticism to Patti Smith’s. It concludes that however useful historical contextualization may be, an interpretation of Verlaine’s music also needs to recognize his untimeliness, as he creates his own context with reference to the Romantic era.
CODA: On Location—Is Titanic a Mexican Movie?

The concluding chapter looks at the impact of runaway productions on filmmaking in Latin America by studying one of the more noteworthy examples of it: the filming of the blockbuster Titanic (1997) in Fox Baja Studios located in Rosarito, Mexico—just 60 miles south of the US border. I study the case of Titanic in order to question the connection between the location of filmmaking and a film’s perceived cultural identity. If anything, Titanic helped launch Mexican filmmaking in the global era. As we consider the development of “national” cinemas during the era of millennial globalization, ending with an assessment of runaway productions allows me to look at the other side of the story. After analyzing the role of Titanic and runaway productions in the region generally, the concluding coda closes by returning to the major arguments in the book and reiterating my thesis that millennial globalization demands new critical paradigms through which to assess the cultural impact of neoliberal capitalism.
The potential for using entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi in the management of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop that is cultivated globally. In storage, maize is infested by the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky). In sub-Saharan Africa where maize is an important staple crop, infestation by S. zeamais is severe. Chemical pesticides have been the key pest management tools for this pest but these practices come with consequences such as insect resistance to pesticides, food and environmental contamination, and depletion of non-target species. These challenges associated with use of chemical pesticides may be overcome by controlling this pest with natural enemies such as entomopathogens. In the laboratory, this study evaluated the pathogenicity of six entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) – Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Lewiston, and Oswego strains); H. indica Poinar, Karunakar, and David (Homl strain), H. georgiana (K22), Steinernema feltiae (SN), and S. carpocapsae (All), and two fungi namely, Beauveria bassiana (GHA) and Metarhizium brunneum (F52) to adult weevils (S. zeamais). All nematodes used in the study were pathogenic to adult weevils. However, S. carpocapsae was the most virulent to the adult weevils. High doses (1 × 109 conidia/mL) of the fungi application caused significant weevil mortality compared to the control. Subsequently, in a novel approach, this study established the basis for effective storage of maize by treating storage bags (jute bags) with wettable powder of B. bassiana (2.13 × 107 conidia/mm2) and then exposing adult weevils to the treated jute bags. The results showed that adult weevils that walked for 30 min on the treated jute bags recorded 100% mortality at 14 days post-inoculation. Thus, there is the potential for using a wettable powder of B. bassiana to protect maize from S. zeamais during storage in jute bags.
Paradigms and Perceptual Spaces

We have looked at the scientific method and research techniques, communities of scientists, application of science, and organization of innovation. Now, we turn to the idea of the content of science and how content differs among the scientific communities.
The Physiatric Approach to Upper Limb Pain Syndromes

Training in disorders of the musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems enables the physiatrist to have a unique perspective on diseases that produce upper limb pain. This article outlines several cases showing ways in which this uniquely integrated, multisystem training allows for accurate diagnosis and development of appropriate management strategies. In addition, 22 pearls that may assist in diagnosing upper limb pain syndromes are presented.
Usual Susceptibility Patterns of Common Yeasts

The in vitro susceptibility patterns of some of the common yeast such as Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Trichosporon spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described in this chapter. Isolates such as C. albicans and C. parapsilosis are fairly predictable; others such as C. glabrata may demonstrate less predictable patterns that require that susceptibility be performed for each isolate of significance. In this chapter, we describe the most common susceptibility patterns as found in the published literature, including some geographic differences throughout various parts of the world where results have been reported. Table 5.1 provides a summary of the expected susceptibility patterns for the most common yeast isolates described in this chapter. Table 5.1 Common in vitro susceptibility patterns for yeasts Ampho-B 5-FC Flucon Voricon Posacon Caspo Micafun Anidulafun Should isolate be tested C. albicans S S S S S S S S Routinely not; only upon request C. glabrata S S NS S-usually S S S S Yes C. parapsilosis Sa S S S S Sa Sa Sa With failures C. tropicalis Sa Sb S S S S S S With failures C. krusei S R R S S S S S No; report as Fluconazole R C. lusitaniae Sc S S S S S S S Not usually C. guilliermondii S S NS S NA S NA NA Yes C. rugosa NA NS NA NA NA NA NA Yes Crypto. neoformans S S S S S R R R Not usually Other Cryptococcus S S May be NS May be NS May be NS R R R Yes, if clinically significant Rhodotorula S S NS NS NS NS NS NS Yes, if clinically significant Trichosporon NS NS NS S-usually NA NS NS NS Yes, if clinically significant Saccharomyces spp. S S Usually NS S NA S NA S Yes, if clinically significant S susceptible, NS non-susceptible, R resistant, NA not available aRare resistance reported in some studies bOften has higher MICs than C. albicans or C. parapsilosis cNot usually non-susceptible initially, but isolates may develop decreased susceptibility with treatment
Amantadine-associated corneal edema potentially irreversible even after cessation of the medication.

Purpose To describe the clinical features of 3 patients with amantadine-associated corneal edema, including the histopathologic findings from 1 patient who underwent corneal transplantation for irreversible corneal edema. Design Interventional case series. Participants Three patients who sought treatment at the authors' institution with abrupt-onset, bilateral, diffuse corneal edema associated with systemic amantadine use. Methods Retrospective chart review. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity, corneal thickness, slit-lamp observations, and histopathologic findings. Results The duration of use of amantadine ranged from 2 months to 6 years before onset of corneal edema. Discontinuation of amantadine resulted in resolution of corneal edema in both eyes of 2 patients. A third patient underwent a full-thickness corneal transplantation, and subsequently, edema developed in the grafted cornea. Cessation of amantadine therapy in this patient resulted in resolution of corneal edema in both eyes, but the ungrafted corneal eventually decompensated and became edematous, requiring corneal transplantation. Histopathologic analysis of the cornea buttons showed significant loss of endothelial cells. Conclusions Amantadine can cause corneal edema that begins a few months to several years after institution of therapy, and the edema can occur even in a corneal graft. Prolonged corneal edema in the setting of amantadine use can be irreversible. In cases of corneal edema without an obvious causative disease, the systemic medication list of the patient must be reviewed, and amantadine must be considered as a possible cause. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Physical Behavior of Aerosol Particles

In this chapter we want to discuss the physical behavior of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Except where noted otherwise, this discussion pertains to aerosols in general, whether radioactive or not. Foremost is the subject of the motion of aerosol particles relative to a surrounding air mass. How does an aerosol particle get from one position to another? What are the laws that control this movement? This discussion will involve two important classes of motion, which we call uniform motion and diffusive motion. There is a third major process by which aerosol particles get transported about the earth’s surface: this is by motion of the air mass itself (wind, turbulence, convective air currents, fan-induced circulation, etc.). However, motion of air masses is really a separate subject since it is not directly dependent on their aerosol content. The effect of such motion on aerosol transport will be left for discussion in later chapters.
Continuous Recording of Areal Wind Speeds

Methods of determining, and of recording continuously, the average wind speed over a large area, by means of a multiplicity of contacting anemometers electrically couple dto a modified Grinnell condenser-discharge recorder, are here outlined, with an empirical discussion of the attainable accuracy.
Benefits of high strength reduced modulus (HSRM) concrete railroad ties under center binding support conditions

Abstract Concrete ties, also referred to as sleepers or crossties, have become a promising alternative to timber ties for freight lines in demanding territories with high curvature, high grade, and high axle loads. Concrete ties have also become popular in rail transit systems. High strength (HS) concrete is the material of choice in the fabrication of prestressed concrete railroad ties. The higher strength of the concrete is directly related to higher values of the elastic modulus, thus increasing the rigidity of the material. The combination of increased strength, rigidity, and the material brittleness may lead to premature cracking and deterioration which has raised major concerns within the rail industry. With experience in frontier concrete material research, researchers at the University of South Carolina (USC) have developed a High Strength Reduced Modulus (HSRM) concrete by introducing weathered granite aggregates into concrete mix designs. A comprehensive study has been conducted at USC to quantify the benefits of using HSRM concrete in railroad ties. Both laboratory experiments and computer simulations at the material, component, and structural levels were performed. HSRM can improve the cracking resistance and fatigue performance and extend the service life of the concrete ties. This paper presents the details of the computer simulations used to quantify the benefits of using the HSRM material in ties subjected to center binding conditions. Three-dimensional nonlinear Finite Element (FE) models have been developed for the HSRM and the “Standard” concrete ties. Nonlinear material models based on concrete damaged plasticity are implemented. The concrete-steel bond interface is also modeled. The numerical models are first validated through comparisons with laboratory testing results of prestressed concrete prisms and commercial prestressed ties, which showed excellent agreement. Results from a parametric study simulating the center binding conditions in a tangent track have shown that the HSRM concrete tie outperforms the Standard concrete tie by: (i) showing smoother stress distribution, (ii) delaying the initiation of cracks, and (iii) failing at higher ultimate loads.
An Approximate Power Flow Method to Deal with the Non-convergence Problem of Power Flow Calculation

A new concept of approximate power flow (APF) is proposed in this paper, aiming to help deal with the non-convergence problem of power flow calculation. In the approximate power flow model, active and reactive power decoupling strategy is adopted, and a branch model with virtual midpoint is the key foundation of the whole research. Based on the branch model, the approximate power flow equation is constructed and its iterative solving method with good characteristics of convergence is also introduced. Active and reactive power automatic adjustment measures are also used to improve the algorithm robustness. The effectiveness and feasibility of this approximate power flow model is proved by the error and robustness analysis for practical examples. The APF program has been developed based on the proposed method, and can be applied to the actual large-scale power grid.
A Framework for Robot Grasp Transferring with Non-rigid Transformation

Grasp planning is essential for robots to execute dexterous tasks. Solving the optimal grasps for various objects online, however, is challenging due to the heavy computation load during exhaustive sampling, and the difficulties to consider task requirements. This paper proposes a framework to combine analytic approach with learning for efficient grasp generation. The example grasps are taught by human demonstration and mapped to similar objects by a non-rigid transformation. The mapped grasps are evaluated analytically and refined by an orientation search to improve the grasp robustness and robot reachability. The proposed approach is able to plan high-quality grasps, avoid collision, satisfy task requirements, and achieve efficient online planning. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a series of experiments.
Queerly remembered: Rhetorics for representing the GLBTQ past

Thomas R. Dunn’s Queerly Remembered posits a timely intervention into rhetorical studies at the intersection of memory, materiality, and queer theory. Dunn makes his purview clear from the outset, ...
Booms, Busts, and Household Enterprise: Evidence from Coffee Farmers in Tanzania

Smallholder agricultural commodity suppliers in developing countries are often vulnerable to global commodity price fluctuations. Using panel data on farmers from an area of Tanzania where most far...
Automated imaging cytometry reveals dysplastic indices of colonic serrated adenomas

Aim: Left-sided colonic serrated adenomas (L-SAs) were evaluated for aneuploidy using automated imaging cytometry to quantify DNA content and compared with normal colonic tissues (NCT), tubular ade...
Conceptualizing Fixed-Interval Praise Delivery:

This article provides a conceptual framework for using fixed-interval praise delivery in the educational setting. Fixed-interval praise delivery can be conceptualized as an antecedent-based strateg...