cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preclinical evaluation of anti-αvβ6 diabodies and anti-αvβ6 cys-diabodies for imaging αvβ6-positive tumors with positron emission tomography

271 Objectives The ability to rapidly image tumors with intact antibodies is often hindered by their sluggish pharmacokinetics. Antibody fragments circumvent this dilemma by maintaining affinity and specificity while exhibiting customized targeting and blood clearance profiles suitable for same-day PET imaging. Our overall goal is to engineer an anti-αvβ6 diabody and a covalently bound anti-αvβ6 cys-diabody and evaluate the utility of each fragment to rapidly image αvβ6-positive tumors in vivo with PET. Methods The anti-αvβ6 diabodies were expressed from 293F stable cells and purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Binding affinities were assessed using competitive ELISA and specificities were determined with flow cytometry on Dx3Puroβ6 (αvβ6+) and Dx3Puro (αvβ6-) cell lines. The diabodies were radiolabeled with N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB, 10 mins, 37○C, pH 8.7) and incubated with Dx3Puroβ6 and Dx3Puro cell lines to determine in vitro immunoreactivity. Results Potent antigen binding was observed for the diabody (IC50=0.8nM) and cys-diabody (IC50=0.6nM) towards immobilized αvβ6. [18F]SFB radiolabeling was rapidly accomplished in 10 mins with yields of 22.6±3.6% (diabody) and 8.0±1.7% (cys-diabody) and radiochemical purities >98%. Specificity and immunoreactivity were well preserved following radiolabeling with [18F]SFB (67.6±0.5% diabody, 87.1±1.6% cys-diabody), further demonstrating their utility as potential PET imaging agents. Conclusions We have engineered two novel anti-αvβ6 diabodies and demonstrated the potent and highly specific binding of these molecular imaging agents towards the αvβ6 integrin. Comprehensive small animal PET imaging, biodistribution, and immunohistochemical analyses are currently under investigation for each diabody. Research Support Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, DE-SC0008385.
Detective and Mystery Stories

Skvorecký has been a devoted admirer and practitioner of mystery writing for a quarter of a century. He has written original detective stories, translated Hammett and Chandler, and has also written several brief essays on the sub-genre. Elements of crime writing can be found in some of his major works as well, notably in Miracle and The Lion Cub. But while in these works this element plays a role which is subservient to social, political, psychological and other concerns, in four other works the focus is reversed. These works are The Mournful Demeanour of Lieutenant Borůvka (Smutek porucika Borůvky, 1966), The End of Lieutenant Borůvka (Konec porucika Borůvky, 1975), The Return of Lieutenant Borůvka (Navrat porucika Borůvky, 1980), and Sins for Father Knox (Hřichy pro patera Knoxe, 1973). While a detailed discussion of these works is beyond the scope of this book, they nonetheless deserve some attention, as their literary merit goes well beyond that of the run-of-the-mill crime novels.
HAVING YOUR CAKE AND EATING IT TOO? THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HR AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHCARE

This paper examines the relationship between human resource practices in 173 hospitals in the United Kingdom and four organizational outcome categories – clinical, financial, employee attitudes and perceptions, and patient attitudes and perceptions. The overarching proposition set forth and examined in this paper is that human resource management (HRM) practices and delivery of care practices have varied effects on each of these outcomes. More specifically, the authors set forth the proposition that specific practices will have positive effects on one outcome category while simultaneously having a negative effect on other performance outcomes, broadly defined. The paper introduces a broader stakeholder framework for assessing the HR–performance relationship in the healthcare setting. This multi-dimensional framework incorporates the effects of human resource practices on customers (patients), management, and frontline staff and can also be applied to other sectors such as manufacturing. This approach acknowledges the potential for incompatibilities between stakeholder performance objectives. In the healthcare industry specifically, our framework broadens the notion of performance. Overall, our results provide support for the proposition that different stakeholders will be affected differently by the use of managerial practices. We believe that the findings reported in this paper highlight the importance of examining multiple stakeholder outcomes associated with managerial practices and the need to identify the inherent trade-offs associated with their adoption.
Finding access control bugs in web applications with CanCheck

Access control bugs in web applications can have dire consequences since many web applications store private and sensitive data. In this paper we present an automated verification technique for access control in Ruby on Rails (Rails) applications. Our technique starts by automatically extracting a model that captures 1) the ways the data is accessed and modified by the application, 2) the access control policy of the application, and 3) the authorization checks used for access control policy enforcement. Then, it automatically translates this model to first order logic and uses automated theorem provers to check whether the declared access control policy is correctly enforced by the implementation. We implemented our technique in a tool called CanCheck. Using CanCheck on open source Rails applications, we found numerous previously unknown exploitable access control bugs as well as several deficiencies in access control policies.
The perils of medical tourism: NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli causing febrile neutropenia in a medical tourist

NDM-1 is a new metallo-beta-lactamase that readily hydrolyses carbapenems, penicillins and cephalosporins. Its rising incidence has been reported in many countries around the world, with many cases linked to a possible origin from the Indian subcontinent. Due to the lack of effective antibiotic regimes to treat these infections, the increased prevalence of NDM-1 is alarming. We describe a case of NDM-1 infection in an immunocompromised foreign patient, and discuss its implications.
Toxoplasmosis encephalitis with immune-reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an allogeneic stem cell transplant patient: a case report

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular parasite with an estimated seroprevalence of 22.5% in US residents aged 12 and older. Seroprevalence reaches 95% in some low-altitude countries with hot, humid climates.1 Although seroprevalence is relatively common, invasive toxoplasmosis involving the central nervous system (CNS), lung, liver and myocardium after stem cell transplantation (SCT), provoked by defective cellular immunity, is infrequent (0.2–7.6%), especially in the era of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) prophylaxis.2, 3, 4 In HIV-positive patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE), the T-cell response can lead to rare instances of an immune reconstitution inflammatory response (IRIS).5, 6 Here we describe the first documented case of IRIS in a SCT recipient.
Consensus-Based Distributed Estimation in Multi-Agent Systems with Time Delay

In this paper, we consider a widely studied consensus algorithm for processing sensor data of dynamic agents. A new algorithm to reach a consensus given time delay constraints is proposed. The algorithm performance was evaluated in a scenario where a swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) measure and estimate the location of a ground maneuvering target. Each UAV computes its state prediction and shares it with its neighbors only. However, the shared information arrives at each agent with varying time delays. The entire group of UAVs must reach a consensus on target's state. Different scenarios were also simulated to examine the effectiveness and performance in terms of overall estimation error, disagreement between delayed and non-delayed agents, and time to reach a consensus for each parameter.
How to operationalize a person

The notion of operationally defining a person is absurd, but no more so than other uses of “operationalization”. ‘Persons’ make that absurdity particularly clear because there is no sense in which persons can be directly observed, nor defined in terms of what might be observable, and thereby exposes the emptiness of the idea of operationalization more broadly. On the other hand, persons can be modeled, and their ontology investigated, within frameworks that can address the processes and organizations that actually constitute persons.
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy in Children

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is becoming the procedure of choice for the pediatric population with adrenal disease. With the exception of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal tumors are treated with surgical excision. Variances in left- and right-sided adrenal anatomy call for procedural differences based on tumor location. In addition, updated methods have surfaced to accommodate resection while incorporating new innovations in technology. The method of choice for resection is dependent on tumor size, location, previous surgeries, difficulty of dissection, and cosmesis. The most frequently described is the transabdominal approach, which utilizes three to four trocars and a lateral decubitus position to help expose anatomical structures. Alternative techniques include a prone retroperitoneal approach, single-site surgery, robotic and robotic-assisted resection, and cortical-sparing adrenalectomy. Regardless of the method chosen, evidence in the existing literature supports that minimally invasive surgery has formidable outcomes with complete resection, making the laparoscopic approach the standard of care for pediatric adrenalectomies.
Secure MAC Protocol for Periodic Smart Metering Data Communication with Compressive Sensing

The next generation power metering system, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), with the aid of \emph{two-way} Smart Metering Network (SMN), is expected to support multiple advanced functions, such as remote reading and control, power security and stability. The Power Factor measurement at customer premises is one of the most important required information for these advanced functions, which thus needs to be reported from Smart Meters to data aggregator periodically. Furthermore, one unique feature of this periodic data is that its measurement values are usually time- invariant. In addition, the security of this kind of data is also significantly valued, because it is strongly related to the power consumption behavior and privacy of the consumer. Therefore, the well-suited and secure Multiple Access Control (MAC) protocol specially designed for such periodic and time- invariant data communication is an emerging research area. However, because the number of Smart Meters (communication nodes) involved in the network is much larger than those in today's local area network, the traditional MAC protocol, such as Point Coordination Function (PCF) and Distributed Coordination Function (DCF), are unlikely to perform well. In order to solve this problem, we employ the time- invariant nature of power factor measurement and propose a MAC protocol by using compressive sensing, a well-known signal processing and recovery technique. This new protocol complies with the grouping idea adopted by IEEE 802.11ah Standardization Task Group and can be applied in the intra-group tier to reduce the transmission delay effectively. The simulation results show that this proposed method significantly outperforms the traditional MAC protocols in a densely populated network like SMN.
A Pyridine Alkoxide Chelate Ligand That Promotes Both Unusually High Oxidation States and Water-Oxidation Catalysis.

ConspectusWater-oxidation catalysis is a critical bottleneck in the direct generation of solar fuels by artificial photosynthesis. Catalytic oxidation of difficult substrates such as water requires harsh conditions, so the ligand must be designed both to stabilize high oxidation states of the metal center and to strenuously resist ligand degradation. Typical ligand choices either lack sufficient electron donor power or fail to stand up to the oxidizing conditions. Our research on Ir-based water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs) has led us to identify a ligand, 2-(2′-pyridyl)-2-propanoate or “pyalk”, that fulfills these requirements.Work with a family of Cp*Ir(chelate)Cl complexes had indicated that the pyalk-containing precursor gave the most robust WOC, which was still molecular in nature but lost the Cp* fragment by oxidative degradation. In trying to characterize the resulting active “blue solution” WOC, we were able to identify a diiridium(IV)-mono-μ-oxo core but were stymied by the extensive geometrical iso...
Biological determinants of health: Genes, microbes, and metabolism exemplars of nursing science.

Abstract Background Increasingly, nurse scientists are incorporating “omics” measures (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in studies of biologic determinants of health and behavior. The role of omics in nursing science can be conceptualized in several ways: (a) as a portfolio of biological measures (biomarkers) to monitor individual risk, (b) as a set of combined data elements that can generate new knowledge based on large and complex patient data sets, (c) as baseline information that promotes health education and potentially personalized interventions, and (d) as a platform to understand how environmental parameters (e.g., diet) interact with the individual’s physiology. Purpose In this article, we provide exemplars of nursing scientists who use omics to better understand specific health conditions. Methods We highlight various ongoing nursing research investigations incorporating omics technologies to study chronic pain vulnerability, risk for a pain-related condition, cardiometabolic complications associated with pregnancy, and as biomarkers of response to a dietary intervention. Discussion Omics technologies add an important dimension to nursing science across many foci of investigation. However, there are also challenges and opportunities for nurse scientists who consider using omics in their research. Conclusion The integration of omics holds promise for increasing the impact of nursing research and practice on population health outcomes.
The Police Officer Perception Project (POPP): An experimental evaluation of factors that impact perceptions of the police

To experimentally evaluate the effects of attire and patrol strategy esthetics on participants’ perceptions of police officers. Using a rigorously controlled experimental methodology, I present participants (N = 307) with images of police officers in different attire (i.e., uniform and civilian) and patrol strategies (i.e., on a bicycle, on foot, and in a vehicle) and measure their perceptions of these officers as aggressive, approachable, friendly, respectful, and accountable. Participants express relatively positive perceptions of the police; however, their perceptions vary as a function of sociodemographics, attire, and patrol strategy. Police officers are generally perceived more favorably when presented in police uniform than when presented in civilian clothing. Police officers are also generally perceived more favorably when presented on a bicycle and/or on foot than when presented in a vehicle. Merely observing police officers in different attire and patrol capacities produces substantial variation in perceptions of those officers. Given that most ‘police interaction’ occurs in relatively unceremonious settings without any exchange of formal dialogue between the public and the police (e.g., observing a police officer in passing), these findings are particularly fruitful for informing both research and practice. This is the first known study to use an experimental methodology to examine how esthetic factors of different patrol strategies can impact perceptions of the police.
Synthesis, structural characterization, spectroscopic, thermal, dielectric and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinium chloranilate

The new compound 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinium chloranilate (MPP.CA) was synthesized and studied by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Its structure was confirmed by infrared spectrosco...
Thermal Analysis of High-Power Flip-Chip-Bonded Photodiodes

The performance of high-power photodiodes flip-chip bonded on polycrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN), single-crystal AlN, and diamond submounts are compared. The thermal boundary conductance (inverse of the thermal boundary resistance) between submount/titanium interfaces was measured and found to be the primary impedance to heat dissipation. Thermal profiles of the flip-chip-bonded devices were simulated to project the power density at failure, which is found to be inversely proportional to the diameter of the photodiodes.
Abstract WP138: Effects of Intensive Medical Management (IMM) and Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) On VEGFA165a/b Ratios in Patients With Intracranial Atherosclerosis (ICASi

Objective: VEGFA isoforms 165a and 165b are pro and antiangiogenic, respectively. We aimed to evaluate the effects of IMM and EDAS in the VEGFA165a/b ratio in patients with ICAS. Methods: This is a...
Grading, Staging, and Morphologic Risk Stratification of Bladder Cancer

Histopathologic assessment of bladder tissue remains the gold standard for diagnosis of urothelial neoplasms. The histologic grade and stage that are assigned to a tumor not only dictate the patient’s treatment but also provide important prognostic information. As will be discussed in detail elsewhere in this book, the grade and morphologic appearance of a tumor are also frequently associated with important underlying molecular alterations that may indicate sensitivity or resistance to certain treatment regimens. This chapter will discuss the histopathologic features of urothelial neoplasia, including grade and stage, which are critical to understanding the clinical and molecular aspects of the disease.
An optical image stabilization using novel ultrasonic linear motor and fuzzy sliding-mode controller for portable digital camcorders

A sensor-shift optical image stabilization (OIS) using a novel ultrasonic linear motors (ULMs) and a fuzzy sliding-mode controller (FSMC) is presented in this paper. The proposed sensor-shift OIS compensates the optical path deviation that is caused by user’s hand-tremor for avoiding image blurring. An ULM module that is composed of two single-axis ULMs is utilized to carry the image sensor linearly and bi-directionally in two orthogonal axes. The slim ULM is power efficient, and needs no high magnetic fluxes and holding currents. Because of the nonlinearities of the ULM module and gravity, the FSMC is used to stabilize the sensor-shift OIS without an explicit mathematic model. The FSMC with 7 fuzzy rules is implemented in a general purpose microcontroller. A gyroscope and a calibrated Hall sensor are used to sense the hand-tremor and the position of the image sensor, respectively. A digital camcorder that is equipped with the sensor-shift OIS using the novel ULMs and is stabilized by the FSMC is demonstrated by experiments.
The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Short Term Risk of Clostridium Difficile Admissions.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is major health care concern with reports linking it to obesity. Our aim was to investigate the little known impact of the two most common bariatric surgeries, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), on risk of CDI admissions. This is a retrospective cohort study using the 2013 Nationwide Readmission Database. We examined inpatient CDI rates within 120 days after RYGB (n = 40,059) and VSG (n = 45,394). In a time to event analysis we also evaluated inpatient CDI rates up to 11 months post-surgery. We chose morbidly obese patients that underwent non-emergent ventral hernia repair (VHR) as additional surgical controls (n = 9673). CDI rates were higher after RYGB than VSG in the first 30 days (odds ratio [OR] = 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–4.20) with a similar but nonsignificant trend within 31–120 days. CDI rates were also higher after RYGB compared to VHR controls within 31–120 days after surgery (OR = 3.22, 95%CI: 1.31, 7.88, p = 0.01). In a time to event analysis with up to 11 months follow up, RYGB led to higher CDI compared to VSG (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.12–3.13) with a trend towards higher CDI compared to VHR (HR = 1.95; 95% CI, 0.94–4.06). Similar CDI rates occurred after VSG vs VHR. RYGB may increase the risk of CDI hospitalization when compared to VSG and VHR controls. This data suggest VSG may be a better bariatric choice when post-surgical CDI risk is a concern.
Use of porous membranes in tissue barrier and co-culture models

Porous membranes enable the partitioning of cellular microenvironments in vitro, while still allowing physical and biochemical crosstalk between cells, a feature that is often necessary for recapitulating physiological functions. This article provides an overview of the different membranes used in tissue barrier and cellular co-culture models with a focus on experimental design and control of these systems. Specifically, we discuss how the structural, mechanical, chemical, and even the optical and transport properties of different membranes bestow specific advantages and disadvantages through the context of physiological relevance. This review also explores how membrane pore properties affect perfusion and solute permeability by developing an analytical framework to guide the design and use of tissue barrier or co-culture models. Ultimately, this review offers insight into the important aspects one must consider when using porous membranes in tissue barrier and lab-on-a-chip applications.
The Macro Pedagogy Debate: Teaching DSGE to Undergraduates Symposium

There is an enormous and well-documented gap between the broadly “Keynesian” macroeconomics learned by a typical undergraduate economics major and the macroeconomics taught at the PhD level. There ...
Cyclic Nucleotides in the Central Nervous System

This chapter is intended to present perspectives on the role of cyclic nucleotides in central nervous system function and pathology. The coverage is representative rather than comprehensive and extends to July, 1980. The particular focus of the present chapter is on the cyclic nucleotides themselves. The synthesizing and degradative enzymes in the cyclic nucleotide systems and the protein kinases activated by the cyclic nucleotides in the central nervous system are the subjects of individual chapters of subsequent volumes of this series.
In vitro formation of axillary buds by immature shoots of Ponderosa pine

Axillary buds were induced from immature shoot explants taken from terminal buds of branches from 29- and 34-year old ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex Laws). The effect of collection time, position on the donor tree from which the explants were taken, and plant growth regulators on axillary bud formation was investigated. Explants from branches taken in late October formed axillary buds, whereas explants from branches collected in February 1988 produced a large amount of callus. The ability to form axillary buds was significantly greater for explants from the upper crown than from the lower portion of the tree. Explant elongation occurred and basal needle primordia swelled on Murashige & Skoog media (MS) containing 2.2 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 5.4 μM naphthalenacetic acid. When transferred to a MS medium containing 4.4 μM BA, 59% of explants formed axillary buds.
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer to a Molybdenum Ethylene Complex Yields a β-Agostic Ethyl: Structure, Dynamics and Mechanism

The interconversion of molybdenum ethylene and ethyl complexes by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is described, an unusual transformation in organometallic chemistry. The cationic molybdenum ethylene complex [(PhTpy)(PPh2Me)2Mo(C2H4)][BArF24] ([1-C2H4]+; PhTpy = 4′-Ph-2,2′,6′,2″-terpyridine, ArF24 = [C6H3-3,5-(CF3)2]4) was synthesized, structurally characterized, and its electronic structure established by a combination of spectroscopic and computational methods. The overall electronic structure is best described as a molybdenum(III) complex with a metallacyclopropane and a redox neutral terpyridine ligand. Addition of the nonclassical ammine complex [(PhTpy)(PPh2Me)2Mo(NH3)][BArF24] ([1-NH3]+) to [1-C2H4]+ resulted in a net C–H bond-forming PCET reaction to yield the molybdenum ethyl [(PhTpy)(PPh2Me)2Mo(CH2CH3)][BArF24] ([1-CH2CH3]+) and amido [(PhTpy)(PPh2Me)2Mo(NH2)][BArF24] ([1-NH2]+) compounds. The reaction was reversed by addition of 2,4,6-tritert-butylphenoxyl radical to [1-CH2CH3]+. The so...
Creating Effective Urban Greenways and Stepping-stones: Four Critical Gaps in Habitat Connectivity Planning Research:

Research in the field of ecology suggests that two main strategies, corridors and stepping-stones, can enhance urban habitat connectivity. While highly relevant to planning, no synthesis of this li...
Family Burden of Raising a Child with ADHD

The purpose of the study was to estimate the burden to families of raising a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data were drawn from a longitudinal sample recruited in western Pennsylvania. When participants were between 14 and 17 years old, parents completed a questionnaire assessing economic burden over the course of raising their children. Domains of economic burden to families included direct costs related to child’s behaviors (excluding treatment expenses) and indirect costs related to caregiver strain. On average, participants with ADHD incurred a total economic burden over the course of child development that was more than five times greater compared to youths without ADHD (ADHD = $15,036 per child, Control = $2,848 per child), and this difference remained significant after controlling for intellectual functioning, oppositional defiant symptoms, or conduct problems. Parents of participants with ADHD were more likely to have changed their job responsibilities or been fired and reported lower work efficiency. The current evaluation of economic burden to individual families extends previous estimates of annual societal cost of illness (COI) of ADHD. Our rough annual estimate of COI for ADHD in children and adolescents is $124.5 billion (2017 US Dollars). Findings underscore the need for interventions to reduce the costly dysfunctional outcomes in families of children with ADHD.
Bleeding Liver Masses: Imaging Features With Pathologic Correlation and Impact on Management

OBJECTIVE. The purposes of this article are to discuss a variety of liver masses that can present with hemorrhage, including their characteristic imaging features, and to propose a diagnostic appro...
Single-Particle Dynamic Light Scattering: Shapes of Individual Nanoparticles.

Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are prevalent in modern nanotechnologies due to their unique optical properties, chemical and photostability, and ease of manipulation. In particular, many recent adva...
Toward a “Beautiful Bangladesh”: the bleed-over effect of tourism advertising

This study explores the bleed-over effect of tourism advertising by measuring a sample of international respondents’ attitudes toward Bangladesh, its people, and its government before and after watching a television commercial. The commercial, “School of Life,” is part of the Bangladesh Tourism Board’s “Beautiful Bangladesh” campaign to promote the country as an international destination. Results indicate that this commercial did “bleed over” to create a more positive attitude among respondents in all three areas measured. It shows that a developing country like Bangladesh can successfully implement tourism advertising and destination branding as public diplomacy tools to better brand and promote itself among a variety of international stakeholders. These results support similar research that applied the bleed-over effect of tourism advertising among more developed and well-known countries.
Depth of field: Connecting library exhibition space to curriculum and programming:

This article focuses on an exhibition curated by library employees at the Pennsylvania State University. Their exhibition, Depth of Field, grew out of a common reading program collaboration. In cre...
Molecular Basis of Soybean Resistance to Soybean Aphids and Soybean Cyst Nematodes

Soybean aphid (SBA; Aphis glycines Matsumura) and soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichninohe) are major pests of the soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the genetic basis of limiting these pests in both model and non-model plant systems. Classical linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified major and minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in soybean. Studies on interactions of SBA and SCN effectors with host proteins have identified molecular cues in various signaling pathways, including those involved in plant disease resistance and phytohormone regulations. In this paper, we review the molecular basis of soybean resistance to SBA and SCN, and we provide a synthesis of recent studies of soybean QTLs/genes that could mitigate the effects of virulent SBA and SCN populations. We also review relevant studies of aphid–nematode interactions, particularly in the soybean–SBA–SCN system.
Measuring Cognitive Flexibility with the Flexible Item Selection Task: From fMRI Adaptation to Individual Connectome Mapping.

Cognitive flexibility, the ability to appropriately adjust behavior in a changing environment, has been challenging to operationalize and validate in cognitive neuroscience studies. Here, we invest...
Phonon Transport in Patterned Two-Dimensional Materials from First Principles

Phonon size effects induce ballistic transport in nanomaterials, challenging Fourier's law. Nondiffusive heat transport is captured by the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), commonly solved under the relaxation time approximation (RTA), which assumes diagonal scattering operator. Although the RTA is accurate for many relevant materials over a wide range of temperatures, such as silicon, it underpredicts thermal transport in most two-dimensional (2D) systems, notoriously graphene. Here we present a formalism, based on the BTE with the full collision matrix, for computing the effective thermal conductivity of arbitrarily patterned 2D materials. We apply our approach to porous graphene and find strong heat transport suppression in configurations with feature sizes of the order of micrometers; this result, which is rooted in the large generalized phonon MFPs in graphene, corroborates the possibility of strong thermal transport tunability by relatively coarse patterning. Lastly, we present a promising material configuration with low thermal conductivity. Our method enables the parameter-free design of 2D materials for thermoelectric and thermal routing applications.
Tumor Development and Angiogenesis in Adult Brain Tumor: Glioblastoma

Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillaries from the preexisting blood vessels. Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are highly vascularized tumors, and glioma growth depends on the formation of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is a complex process involving proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) under the stimulation of specific signals. It is controlled by the balance between its promoting and inhibiting factors. Various angiogenic factors and genes have been identified that stimulate glioma angiogenesis. Therefore, attention has been directed to anti-angiogenesis therapy in which glioma proliferation is inhibited by inhibiting the formation of new tumor vessels using angiogenesis inhibitory factors and drugs. Here, in this review, we highlight and summarize the various molecular mediators that regulate GBM angiogenesis with focus on recent clinical research on the potential of exploiting angiogenic pathways as a strategy in the treatment of GBM patients.
Rapid topographic reorganization in adult human primary visual cortex (V1) during noninvasive and reversible deprivation

Can the primary visual cortex (V1), once wired up in development, change in adulthood? Although numerous studies have demonstrated topographic reorganization in adult V1 following the loss of bottom-up input, others have challenged such findings, offering alternative explanations. Here we use a noninvasive and reversible deprivation paradigm and converging neural and behavioral approaches to address these alternatives in the experimental test case of short-term topographic reorganization in adult human V1. Specifically, we patched one eye in typical adults, thereby depriving the cortical representation of the other eye's blind spot (BS), and immediately tested for topographic reorganization using functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychophysics. Strikingly, within just minutes of eye-patching, the BS representation in V1 began responding to stimuli presented outside of the BS, and these same stimuli were perceived as elongated toward the BS. Thus, we provide converging neural and behavioral evidence of rapid topographic reorganization in adult human V1, and the strongest evidence yet that visual deprivation produces bona fide cortical change.
Too Small to Fail: The Role of Medicaid in Mitigating Pandemic-Related Fiscal Strain on Local Governments

Local governments across the U.S. have had a prominent role in financing the pandemic response during the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak and economic recession. Yet, such governments are increasingly facing budgetary strain as sources of tax revenue evaporate. If the financial burden on such governments can be eased, they may better address those aspects of pandemic response to which they are uniquely suited, such as coordinating resources and re-allocating space within their communities. This paper investigates the role of Medicaid, traditionally the default insurer of the unemployed, as a stabilizing force on local government budgets. Using panel data from county governments during the Great Recession (2006-2012), we estimate the effect of state Medicaid generosity on local government finances. We find that Medicaid mitigates the effect of unemployment shocks on county government expenditures, specifically safety net programs and debt. We apply these point estimates to extrapolate predictions based on contemporary state Medicaid generosity and local unemployment rates. In this way, we show that Medicaid continues to mitigate the financial strain on local government during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Electronic removal of lesions for more robust BPE scoring on breast DCE-MRI

During radiologists’ visual assessment of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MR images, presence of a tumor may erroneously inflate the BPE estimation due to angiogenesis within the tumor. With a dataset of 426 MRIs, we present an automated method to segment breasts, electronically remove the influence of lesion presence, and calculate scores to estimate BPE levels. A U-Net was trained for breast segmentation from maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. Next, fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering was used to segment the lesions from the breast DCE-MRIs, and the lesion volume was removed to create MIP images without the influence of the lesion. U-Net outputs were applied to create MIP images of both breasts, affected breasts, and unaffected breasts before and after lesion removal. On an independent test set, a statistically significant trend was found between the radiologist BPE ratings and the calculated BPE scores for all breast regions (Kendall correlation, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the predictive value of the computed scores from each breast region in the binary tasks of classifying Minimal vs. Marked and Low vs. High BPE relative to a radiologist rating. Scores from all breast regions performed significantly better than guessing (p < 0.025 from the z-test) with BPE scores of the affected breast after lesion removal performing the best (AUC = 0.87). Results demonstrate the potential for an automatic BPE prediction from breast DCE-MR without the influence of lesion enhancement.
Sangre Buena, Sangre Mala: a qualitative examination of familismo and aging –Mexican-American men’s heroin use

This study explored the impact of the Hispanic cultural value of familismo (a focus on, and passionate commitment to, one’s family) on the injection heroin use patterns of a cohort of aging Mexican...
Predicting Grocery Store Visits During the Early Outbreak of COVID-19 with Machine Learning

While non-essential travel was canceled during the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) pandemic, grocery shopping was essential. The objectives of this study were to: 1) examine how grocery s...
Human Behavior Theory and Social Work Practice

This new edition of Human Behavior Theory and Social Work Practice provides a broadly synthetic approach to selecting theoretical concepts crucial to one's activities in casework. Centered on the notion of the client as an individual and as a "person in the environment," Roberta Greene and the contributing authors examine the biological, psychological, and social aspects of development, and evaluate their utility for social work practice. Social work is characterized by a dynamic helping process and a diversity of roles and functions. The aims of social work-to improve societal conditions and to enhance social functioning among individuals, families, and groups-are put into action across all fi elds of practice and realized through a variety of methods in a range of settings. To work in the field, it is important to acquire conceptual frameworks that help one understand the complexities of contemporary practice. This volume is concerned with the application of knowledge about behavior in the social environment that serves as the theoretical underpinning for direct practice in social work. The chapters explore the ways in which specifi c theories have contributed to understanding the person in the environment construct and examine the idea that all clinical social work intervention is anchored in reshaping the context of the person in the environment configuration. The book explores the challenges and limitations of the various theories in use and addresses many relevant questions: What does the theory offer for understanding development across the lifecycle? What does each theory suggest about the interaction among biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors of human development and functioning? What does the theory suggest about healthy/functional and unhealthy/dysfunctional behaviors or wellness? Is theory universal in its application, and may it lend itself to cross-cultural social work practice? What role does theory propose for the social worker as an agent of change? Human Behavior Theory and Social Work Practice is an original contribution to social work theory, and will be mandatory reading for anyone pursuing a career in the field.
Bearing Estimation using Random Arrays

A sonobuoy field is a random two dimensional array if the signals from the sensors are coherently processed. The sensor position coordinates must be estimated to a fraction of a wavelength in order to coherently process the signals, which is a separate processing task since the field has a changing random pattern due to drifting of the buoys. This paper reviews the statistical properties of the maximum likelihood bearing estimator computed from coherent summation of output signals from randomly deployed sensors. It is shown that the approximate mean-square bearing error for a small random array favorably compares with that for a square array of equally spaced sensors with about one-half the aperture. The random array is not subject to the aliasing (grating lobes) problem of an equally spaced array, and a great deal of array gain can be achieved from a large array of randomly placed sensors. Serious consideration should be given to tracking the locations of drifting sonobuoys so as to coherently process them as an array.
Revisiting the Sexual Orientation Matrix for Supervision

Abstract This article addresses the use of the Sexual Orientation Matrix for Supervision (SOMS) in preparing supervisees to work with GLBTQ families. Originally published as a tool to assist supervisors and educators to help their supervisees work more effectively with gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) couples, the SOMS is founded on two core concepts: (1) degree of heterosexual bias; and (2) degree of acceptance of GLBTQ orientations and behavior. In this revision, we have expanded heterosexual bias to include sexual identities, sexual orientations, and gender identities. Supervisors can employ the Matrix to explore their own and their trainees' levels of comfort, knowledge, and experience. We also provide specific suggestions and tasks.
Funding Early College High School: Hold Harmless or Shared Commitment

Early college high schools are a promising but expensive pathway to college readiness. Most such schools are supported with state funds and/or grants. This descriptive case study presents an early college program, now in its fourth year in a traditional high school, in which the families, high school and community college shared the entire cost. Data from document analysis and interviews with administrators, parents and students clarified the funding plan and participant reactions. Joint ownership increased parental engagement, student academic commitment and administrator attention. The results suggest that learning to cope with the cost of college, which this program necessitated, is an important aspect of college readiness for both students and parents. The model of shared responsibility is contrasted with the “hold harmless” model of government/foundation support that relieves schools and families of the cost of early college programming. The findings and policy recommendations are applicable to LEA and SEA leaders, philanthropies and scholars in educational financial policy.
STABILITY OF A CYLINDRICAL SOLUTE-SOLVENT INTERFACE: EFFECT OF GEOMETRY, ELECTROSTATICS, AND HYDRODYNAMICS.

The solute-solvent interface that separates biological molecules from their surrounding aqueous solvent characterizes the conformation and dynamics of such molecules. In this work, we construct a solvent fluid dielectric boundary model for the solvation of charged molecules and apply it to study the stability of a model cylindrical solute-solvent interface. The motion of the solute-solvent interface is defined to be the same as that of solvent fluid at the interface. The solvent fluid is assumed to be incompressible and is described by the Stokes equation. The solute is modeled simply by the ideal-gas law. The viscous force, hydrostatic pressure, solute-solvent van der Waals interaction, surface tension, and electrostatic force are all balanced at the solute-solvent interface. We model the electrostatics by Poisson's equation in which the solute-solvent interface is treated as a dielectric boundary that separates the low-dielectric solute from the high-dielectric solvent. For a cylindrical geometry, we fi...
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND THE GROWTH OF INCOME

Development is not purely an economic phenomenon. Ultimately it must encompass more than the material and financial side of people's lives. Development should therefore be perceived as a multi-dimensional process involving the reorganization and reorientation of entire economic and social systems. [Michael P. Todaro]
The Long Range Reconnaissance and Observation System (LORROS) with the Kollsman, Inc. Model LH-40, Infrared (Erbium) Laser Rangefinder hazard analysis and safety assessment.

A laser hazard analysis and safety assessment was performed for the LH-40 IR Laser Rangefinder based on the 2000 version of the American National Standard Institute's Standard Z136.1, for the Safe Use of Lasers and Z136.6, for the Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors. The LH-40 IR Laser is central to the Long Range Reconnaissance and Observation System (LORROS). The LORROS is being evaluated by the Department 4149 Group to determine its capability as a long-range assessment tool. The manufacture lists the laser rangefinder as 'eye safe' (Class 1 laser classified under the CDRH Compliance Guide for Laser Products and 21 CFR 1040 Laser Product Performance Standard). It was necessary that SNL validate this prior to its use involving the general public. A formal laser hazard analysis is presented for the typical mode of operation.
The role of family cohesion in the psychological adjustment of non-Hispanic White and Hispanic mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract The current study utilizes a process-oriented approach to understand both personal and family factors influencing the development of depressive symptoms among non-Hispanic White and Hispanic mothers of children with ASD. Family cohesion was hypothesized to mediate the associations between the personal factors (optimism, benefit finding, social support) and depressive symptoms. Mothers of 117 children with ASD (Hispanic n = 73; non-Hispanic White n = 44) completed measures of depressive symptoms, family cohesion, social support, optimism, and benefit finding. Results from this study indicate that optimism, benefit finding, and social support are important predictors of positive maternal adjustment. Furthermore, these factors contribute to better family functioning, namely family cohesion. The mediation models containing optimism, benefit finding, partner and family support were significant for both Hispanic and non-Hispanic White mothers, suggesting a similar mediation process for both racial/ethnic groups. However, family cohesion was a significant mediator of the relationship between friend support and depressive symptoms for Hispanic mothers only. The results of this study complement and extend previous research examining family functioning among mothers of children with ASD and have implications for the development of interventions aimed at increasing maternal well-being.
Identification of Trait-Improving Quantitative Trait Loci Alleles From a Wild Rice Relative, Oryza rufipogon

Wild species are valued as a unique source of genetic variation, but they have rarely been used for the genetic improvement of quantitative traits. To identify trait-improving quantitative trait loci (QTL) alleles from exotic species, an accession of Oryza rufipogon, a relative of cultivated rice, was chosen on the basis of a genetic diversity study. An interspecific BC2 testcross population (V20A/O. rufipogon//V20B///V20B////Ce64) consisting of 300 families was evaluated for 12 agronomically important quantitative traits. The O. rufipogon accession was phenotypically inferior for all 12 traits. However, transgressive segregants that outperformed the original elite hybrid variety, V20A/Ce64, were observed for all traits examined. A set of 122 RFLP and microsatellite markers was used to identify QTL. A total of 68 significant QTL were identified, and of these, 35 (51%) had beneficial alleles derived from the phenotypically inferior O. rufipogon parent. Nineteen (54%) of these beneficial QTL alleles were free of deleterious effects on other characters. O. rufipogon alleles at two QTL on chromosomes 1 and 2 were associated with an 18 and 17% increase in grain yield per plant, respectively, without delaying maturity or increasing plant height. This discovery suggests that the innovative use of molecular maps and markers can alter the way geneticists utilize wild and exotic germplasm.