cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The place of psychotherapy and counselling in a healthy European social order: A commentary on Tantam and Van Deurzen

Abstract This commentary on Tantam and van Deurzen's vision for psychotherapy in Europe (this issue, pp. 228-235) interrogates their seeming modernity-driven, rights-obsessed convictions. Specifically, their uncritical advocacy of control-fixated political intrusions into the cultural-spiritual sphere is challenged; and critical reflections are offered on institutional professionalization; the authors' profession-centred, grandiose discourse; and therapy's alleged scientificity. Some dangers associated with individualised therapy's becoming a fetishized, institutionally sanctioned ‘regime of truth’ are voiced — one practicable antidote to which is the deliberate cultivation of an ongoingly deconstructive, ‘New Paradigm’ approach to therapy which, not least, mistrusts therapy's tendency towards delusory, self-interested exaggeration of its own cultural indispensability.
Atherothrombosis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention

ABSTRACT Objectives To review the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis (atherosclerosis with superimposed platelet-rich thrombus formation) and the measures that can be taken to prevent its clinical sequelae through lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy, with emphasis on the role of antiplatelet agents. Data Sources Recent (1995–2003) published scientific literature, as identified by the authors through Medline searches using the terms atherothrombosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention, and reviews on treatment . Study Selection Recent systematic English-language review articles were screened for relevant material. Data Synthesis Atherothrombosis is a generalized and diffuse progressive process affecting multiple vascular beds; its clinical consequences, including acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death), ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease, are unpredictable in their time course and potentially life-threatening. Atherothrombosis rather than arterial stenosis appears to account for most of the acute ischemic manifestations of the atherosclerotic process. Interventions that can favorably influence atherosclerotic progression include lifestyle modifications (dietary control, exercise, and smoking cessation) and pharmacotherapy (lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, antiglycemic, and antiplatelet drugs). The pivotal role played by the platelet in thrombus formation provides the rationale for employing antiplatelet drugs with complementary modes of action (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel) to prevent atherothrombosis. Conclusion Ischemic cerebrovascular, coronary, and peripheral arterial disease can be regarded as diverse manifestations of a common underlying systemic pathology, namely atherothrombosis. Secondary prevention of an ischemic event in an affected arterial bed confers the added benefit of primary prevention against potential ischemic events in other arterial beds.
Visual cycle impairment in cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) knockout mice results in delayed dark adaptation.

Abstract Mutations in the human CRALBP gene cause retinal pathology and delayed dark adaptation. Biochemical studies have not identified the primary physiological function of CRALBP. To resolve this, we generated and characterized mice with a non-functional CRALBP gene ( Rlbp1 −/− mice). The photosensitivity of Rlbp1 −/− mice is normal but rhodopsin regeneration, 11- cis -retinal production, and dark adaptation after illumination are delayed by >10-fold. All- trans -retinyl esters accumulate during the delay indicating that isomerization of all- trans - to 11- cis -retinol is impaired. No evidence of photoreceptor degeneration was observed in animals raised in cyclic light/dark conditions for up to 1 year. Albino Rlbp −/− mice are protected from light damage relative to the wild type. These findings support a role for CRALBP as an acceptor of 11- cis -retinol in the isomerization reaction of the visual cycle.
Psychological Maltreatment as a Moderator for Physical Abuse and Adolescent Maladjustment: Implications for Treatment and Intervention

Previous research has documented the negative impact of parental physical abuse on adolescent maladjustment. Many studies have demonstrated the negative impact of psychological maltreatment on adolescent maladjustment, even after controlling for the effects of parental physical abuse. The current study examined whether knowing that a child has been both physically abused and received higher levels of parental psychological maltreatment increases the prediction of adolescent maladjustment. Findings suggest that knowing the level of psychological maltreatment alone was necessary in predicting adolescent maladjustment, regardless of whether a child was physically abused. Implications for intervention and treatment of physically abused adolescents are discussed. An argument is made for the use of Metalization-based Treatment (MBT) in the treatment of physically abused adolescents.
Human L1 Retrotransposition Is Associated with Genetic Instability In Vivo

Retrotransposons have shaped eukaryotic genomes for millions of years. To analyze the consequences of human L1 retrotransposition, we developed a genetic system to recover many new L1 insertions in somatic cells. Forty-two de novo integrants were recovered that faithfully mimic many aspects of L1s that accumulated since the primate radiation. Their structures experimentally demonstrate an association between L1 retrotransposition and various forms of genetic instability. Numerous L1 element inversions, extra nucleotide insertions, exon deletions, a chromosomal inversion, and flanking sequence comobilization (called 5' transduction) were identified. In a striking number of integrants, short identical sequences were shared between the donor and the target site's 3' end, suggesting a mechanistic model that helps explain the structure of L1 insertions.
Difficult denture birds--new sightings.

A unique insight into characteristics, motivation, and behavior of problem complete denture patients is colorfully presented.
China and the Korean peninsula: Playing for the long term

Halting North Korea's nuclear program is not the ultimate end that China hopes to achieve. China's calculations, interests, and goals are more long term and complicated, comprising a hierarchy of these six objectives.
Beyond the family : The influence of premigration group status on the educational expectations of immigrants' children

Understanding how immigrants' children form educational expectations may yield insights into the causes of eventual ethnic disparities in socioeconomic attainments. This article examines how the average relative premigration educational status of the immigrant group and the immigrant group's average postmigration SES shape the educational expectations of immigrants' children. It analyzes a unique data set that was compiled from published international data and U.S. census data on 30 immigrant groups, combined with data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey. The findings reveal that higher group premigration educational status facilitates higher perceived parental aspirations, which shape the educational expectations of second-generation youths. Furthermore, as an immigrant group's premigration educational status increases, youths' educational expectations also increase. The results highlight the interaction between group and individual-level factors in that the effect of parents' socioeconom...
Ascorbic acid inhibits covalent binding of enzymatically generated 2-acetyl-aminofluorene-N-sulfate to DNA under conditions in which it increases mutagenesis in salmonella TA-1538

Abstract 14 C(Acetyl) N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NOH-2AAF) became covalently bound to DNA during the generation of the reactive N-sulfate ester. Elution of DNA digests from Sephadex LH-20 columns yielded two peaks of radioactivity (Fractions A and B). Fraction B appears to represent a NOH-2AAF-nucleoside adduct, while Fraction A seems to be more clearly related to protein covalent binding. Ascorbic acid decreased NOH-2AAF covalent binding to DNA by approximately 80%, whether total binding or Fraction B is considered. Since ascorbic acid addition increased mutagenesis twelve fold under these conditions, the role of free radicals in the noncovalent ascorbate-dependent increase in mutagenesis is considered.
Operant control of a brain potential evoked by a behavior

Abstract Cats were trained to execute a reaching behavior which evoked a potential in somatic sensory cortex. Correlation analysis was performed on variables of movement describing reaching trajectories and brain potential segments so as to reveal a movement-segment/wave-segment pair showing a high degree of relationship. Finally the animals were trained to increase and decrease the amplitude of the discovered evoked potential segment. The movement variable segments changed as predicted from the signs of the correlation coefficients relating them to wave amplitude segments, and were therefore suggested as mediating the operant controlled neural event.
New epoxidation reagents derived from alumina and silicon

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide or tert butyl hydroperoxide in contact with basic alumina will epoxidize olefins. Triphenylsilyl hydroperoxide behaves similarly to peracids toward olefins, ketones and allylic alcohols.
Quantitative pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of bacterial cell walls.

A systematic approach using quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to determine the origin of acetamide and propionamide in microbial pyrograms. Using model compounds, acetamide was shown to be a pyrolysis product of N-acetyl groups on the glycan backbone in cell wall peptidoglycan, and propionamide was shown to be produced from pyrolysis of the lactyl-peptide bridge portion of peptidoglycan. Levels of acetamide and propionamide in the pyrograms of microorganisms and cell wall preparations correlate with the relative amounts of peptidoglycan in these samples, with gram-positive clearly differentiated from gram-negative bacteria.
Interacting band analysis of the high-resolution spectrum of the 3ν3 manifold of SF6

The two infrared-active vibrational bands of the 3 nu/sub 3/ manifold of SF/sub 6/ have been recorded at T = 160 K with near Doppler-limited resolution using a tunable laser difference-frequency spectrometer. Most of the principal structure has been identified, and over 700 lines with J less than or equal to 33 have been fitted with a model Hamiltonian which allows the l - 1 and l = 3 subbands to interact. The analysis yields the values of ten spectroscopic constants. When earlier results for the nu/sub 3/ band are considered, the values of eight additional constants are derived. The effective harmonic frequency, ..omega../sup 0//sub 3/, and the three anharmonic coefficients X/sub 33/, G/sub 33/, and T/sub 33/, have been determined with high precision, so that the vibrational levels in the n nu/sub 3/ ladder can be predicted accurately for several values of n. The Cartesian basis (n/sub 3x/, n/sub 3y/, n/sub 3z/) is found to be the best representation for the vibrational sublevels. Analysis of the rovibrational line strengths reveals that the weak (2, 1, 0) band of 3 nu/sub 3/ has a very small intrinsic dipole transition moment, so that this band derives most of its intensity bymore » borrowing from the strong (3, 0, 0) band.« less
BEACH CHANGES ON THE OUTER BANKS OF NORTH CAROLINA

ABSTRACT Relationships between surf-zone processes and subaerial beach changes are considered as they occur on Bodie Island, North Carolina. The processes include: wave height, wave period, wave direction, and still-water level. Measurements of beach change include: beach thickness, width, and slope, as well as the size and sorting of the beach-face sediment. Analysis reveals that changes in these beach characteristics are predictable using only two of the process factors considered: wave height and still-water level. Large waves with high water levels cause rapid reductions in beach thickness, width, and slope. Small waves with low water levels are associated with thicker, wider, and steeper beaches. Sediment size and sorting show little association with the processes or beach configuration.
Economic costs of urinary incontinence in 1995

Urinary incontinence imposes a significant financial burden on individuals, their families, and healthcare organizations. For individuals 65 years of age and older these costs are substantial, increasing from $8.2 billion (1984 dollars) to $16.4 billion (1993 dollars). Both of these cost-of-illness estimates, however, relied on data and factors that have changed over time. This study updates these cost estimates. The 1995 societal cost of incontinence for individuals aged 65 years and older was $26.3 billion, or $3565 per individual with urinary incontinence. Limitations, implications, and directions for future research are also discussed.
Differential impact of two types of metacognitive prompting provided during simulation-based training

The purpose of the current study was to test the differential impact of two forms of metacognitive prompts on knowledge acquisition and application during simulation-based training. Participants in the experimental conditions were prompted to construct sentences by connecting declarative words (Words Group) or conceptual phrases (Phrases Group) related to the training material from two columns. Performance was then compared across conditions during an assessment scenario that did not include prompting. Overall, results provide support for the effectiveness of metacognitive prompting generally, when compared to the Control Group that did not receive prompting. Further, some support was found for providing word-based prompts over more conceptual phrase-based prompts, suggesting that the phrases may have distracted or overloaded learners. Implications for further investigation into the effects of different types of metacognitive support are discussed.
Coinage, debasements, and Gresham's laws

This paper formulates a model of commodity money that circulates by tale, and applies it to a variety of situations, some of which seem to confirm, and others to contradict, `Gresham's Law'. We analyze how debasements could prompt decisions of citizens voluntarily to participate in recoinages that subjected them to seigniorage taxes.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Precision global measurements of London penetration depth in FeTe 0.58 Se 0.42 ’”

We reply to the Comment by Klein, Rodi\`ere, and Marcenat [Phys. Rev. B 86, 066501 (2012)] on our paper [Phys. Rev. B 84, 174502 (2011)]. Our work was motivated by Klein et al. [Phys. Rev. B 82, 184506 (2010)]. In their paper, Klein et al. have attributed a factor of 5 difference in the value of the London penetration depth obtained from their tunnel diode resonator (TDR) measurements and calculated from the ``field of first penetration''to the surface roughness, although they have not verified it experimentally. In our paper, we have studied the effects of deliberately introduced surface roughness and found that its effects are minor and cannot be responsible for the difference of such magnitude. Instead, we suggest that the value of the field of first penetration measured with Hall arrays cannot be used to extract a true lower critical field due to several reasons outlined in our Reply. We emphasize that the accuracy of the calibration procedure of the TDR technique has been carefully verified in several prior studies and our work on FeTe${}_{0.58}$Se${}_{0.42}$ further confirms it. We show that in their Comment, Klein et al. use wrong arguments of the universal behavior of the superfluid density in the gapless limit, because it is inapplicable for the multiband superconductors. We also discuss the applicability of the clean-limit $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ model and the influence of the disorder on the obtained results.
Water markets, market reform and the urban poor: Results from Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract Roughly 20% of the eight million persons in Jakarta receive water from municipal water connections to their homes. Remaining supplies are essentially private and include street vendors, standpipes, and wells—the last of these an inexpensive but increasingly contaminated source in many areas. An expansion of the network of in-house connections is in progress, but will take several decades to complete. In the interim, various strategies have been advanced to deal with persistent problems of access to good water by the poor. This study examines the impacts of one such plan put to action, the April 1990 deregulation measure permitting private homes with water connections to resell municipal water. We present preliminary evidence that the primary social benefits of deregulation are the money savings and increased consumption by former vendor and standpipe customers. In most respects the aggregate effect is equivalent to a costless expansion in the standpipe system, with the difference on the supply side that significant transfers from vendors and standpipe operators to household resellers may occur.
Oxynitride surface layers on sodium and lithium metaphosphate glasses

Abstract Oxynitride layers can be created on the surface of NaPO 3 and LiPO 3 glasses by heat treating these glasses in dry ammonia near the glass transformation temperature. The chemical durability of these glasses increased several times with the formation of oxynitride surface layers, but the improvement was less than that for bulk nitrided glasses because of the small thickness of the oxynitride surface layer and the presence of the non-cross-linking NH and NH 2 species. When a glass is heated in flowing ammonia, an oxynitride surface layer forms by the dissolution and diffusion of NH 3 . The maximum nitrogen content depends on the solubility of ammonia in the glass and the nitriding temperature. The bridging oxygen/non-bridging oxygen ratio in the oxynitride surface layer, as determined from the deconvoluted O1s and N1s spectra, is consistent with the mechanism proposed for the nitridation of bulk alkali metaphosphate glasses.
A Review of Quantum Monte Carlo Methods and Results for Coulombic Systems

The various Monte Carlo methods for calculating ground state energies are briefly reviewed. Then a summary of the charged systems that have been studied with Monte Carlo is given. These include the electron gas, small molecules, a metal slab and many-body hydrogen.
Investigation of circular jets in shallow water

The combined influence of the free surface and the bed on the flow characteristics of circular turbulent jets issued at mid-plane into shallow, stagnant ambient fluid is investigated using a physic...
Analysis of the Carbon Dioxide Inhibition by Means of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Controlled Culture

The concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in the liquid phase was in proportion to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the gas phase, and that of bicarbonate ions was in proportion to the dissolved carbon dioxide tension and pH of the liquid. Although the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was maintained at the same level, the bicarbonate ion concentration varied depending upon the difference in pH values. Thus, the influence of the carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate ion concentration on the product formation was investigated independently by a dissolved carbon dioxide controlled culture at a constant pH level.The production of inosine was highly affected by the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The yield of inosine, however, was shown to be independent of the bicarbonate ion concentration in the culturing liquid.
Research collaboration in the discovery, development, and delivery networks of a statewide cancer coalition

This study examines and evaluates collaborative network involvement among 18 organizations within the Arizona Cancer Coalition. All were involved in one or more of three types of research activity: discovery, development, and delivery, consistent with the 3D continuum developed by the National Cancer Institute. Data were collected in 2007 using surveys of key informants in each organization. Using network analysis methods, we examined the structure of each type of network as well as the relationship between network position and the importance of cancer research to each organization's mission. Findings indicated that while both the discovery and delivery networks were comparably densely connected, their centrality structures were quite different. In contrast, the structures of both these networks were similar to the development network. Centrality in the discovery and development networks was positively related to the importance of cancer research to the organization, but not in the delivery network. Implications of the findings for future research, policy, and planning are discussed.
Malabsorption syndromes in the postgastrectomy patient.

In summary, operations for duodenal ulcer may result in rather distressing postoperative weight loss which may be so severe as to prove incapacitating. One must certainly anticipate an undesirable influence on intestinal absorption. This factor, combined with a limited food intake, regardless of cause, plays a major role in the nutritional problems seen following gastric resection. Furthermore, these effects may be minimized by a lesser resection, restoration of normal bowel continuity by using a gastroduodenostomy, and possibly by construction of a smaller stomal opening.
Quantification of ventricular remodeling in the tight-skin mouse cardiomyopathy with acoustic microscopy

To determine the role of ultrasonic tissue characterization for the detection of changes in myocardial architecture associated with cardiomyopathy, acoustic microscopy was performed on the hearts of 4- to 6-month-old tight-skin mice [TSK/+, C57-B10.D2 (58B)/SN strain], a model of cardiomyopathy characterized by diffuse interstitial fibrosis. Ultrasonic backscatter was measured from excised segments of left ventricular free walls of five TSK mice and five sex- and age-matched normal controls with a 50 MHz broad band focused piezoelectric transducer operated in a saline-filled water tank at room temperature. Forty-nine radio frequency (RF) lines were digitized from each specimen at 2 ns/sample. Power spectral analysis of RF data was performed and mean integrated backscatter (IB) computed. The TSK group demonstrated greater IB (−53.6 ± 0.6 dB, n = 5) than did the control group (−56.6 ± 0.7 dB, n = 5; p < 0.02). Myocardial collagen content determined by hydroxyproline assay increased by 11% in the TSK group (2.54 ± 0.08 μg/mg dry wt, n = 5) over that in controls (2.28 ± 0.07 μg/mg dry wt, n = 5; p < 0.05). A significant linear relationship was observed between myocardial hydroxyproline concentration and IB (r = 0.74; p < 0.02). Thus, ultrasonic tissue characterization permits sensitive detection of modest changes in the extent of interstitial fibrosis that accompany tissue remodeling in the early stages of cardiomyopathy.
Clinical course of psoriasis during pregnancy.

Background Since the landmark study on rheumatoid arthritis, many reports have suggested that physiological changes during pregnancy often induce remission of systemic and cutaneous inflammatory diseases. In this study we investigated the clinical course of psoriasis during pregnancy. Objective In this retrospective study information was collected from Psoriasis Life History Questionnaires. The data obtained from 736 questionnaires were entered into a computerized database. Information relevant to the clinical course of psoriasis during pregnancy was evaluated in respect to improvement/worsening, number of pregnancies, severity of the disease, and certain other clinical parameters. Results In a majority of the patients psoriasis improved during pregnancy. Data available from 91 pregnancies revealed: psoriasis improved in 51 (56%), worsened in 24 (26.4%), and remained unchanged in 16 (17.6%). Also, appearance of psoriasis new lesions was found to be frequent during the early postpartum period. Patients who improved in the first pregnancy were found to have a similar response in the following pregnancies. Conclusion Research on immuno-endocrine interactions during pregnancy is a relatively new field. Proinflammatory Th-1 cytokines are up-regulated in psoriasis and play a key role in the inflammatory cascades of psoriasis. It is likely that during pregnancy the Th-2 cytokine-mediated down-regulation of the immune response by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antagonizing effects on the Th-1 cytokines improves psoriasis.
Radiation-Induced Buoyancy-Driven Flow in Rectangular Enclosures: Experiment and Analysis

Experiments have been performed to study the rate of internal radiative heating on the natural convective motion in a vertical rectangular enclosure irradiated for the side. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer has been used to determine the temperature field, and a fluorescing dye injection technique was employed to illustrate the flow structure with water as the working fluid. A theoretical model is developed for predicting the absorption of thermal radiation and the subsequent buoyancy-driven flow. Predictions based on spectral calculations for the radiation flux divergence agree well with the experimental data.
Site-isolated, intermolecularly photocrosslinkable and patternable dendritic quinacridones

Quinacridone-cored dendrimers with photocrosslinkable cinnamate moieties on the periphery can be patterned down to 5 micron features while retaining luminescence.
D autoionization states of He and H

Burke (1967) observed a number of resonances in He and H(-) below the threshold of H(+) and H. Bhatia et al. (1969, 1967) showed that Feshbach's Q-operator formalism can be used to calculate the positions and widths of the S and P autoionization states. These calculations are extended to the D autoionization states in He and H(-) observed below the n = 2 threshold of the respective targets. The shifts of the states are found to be positive for all the states computed.
A Novel Domain in Translational GTPase BipA Mediates Interaction with the 70S Ribosome and Influences GTP Hydrolysis

BipA is a universally conserved prokaryotic GTPase that exhibits differential ribosome association in response to stress-related events. It is a member of the translation factor family of GTPases along with EF-G and LepA. BipA has five domains. The N-terminal region of the protein, consisting of GTPase and β-barrel domains, is common to all translational GTPases. BipA domains III and V have structural counterparts in EF-G and LepA. However, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the protein is unique to the BipA family. To investigate how the individual domains of BipA contribute to the biological properties of the protein, deletion constructs were designed and their GTP hydrolysis and ribosome binding properties assessed. Data presented show that removal of the CTD abolishes the ability of BipA to bind to the ribosome and that ribosome complex formation requires the surface provided by domains III and V and the CTD. Additional mutational analysis was used to outline the BipA−70S interaction surface extending acr...
Total pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: An update

From 1951 through December, 1985, a total of 89 patients underwent total pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma. Of the 89 patients, 54 were male and 35 were female; their average age was 60.0 years. Histologic grading (Broders') demonstrated that 56% of the patients had a grade 2 tumor and 38%, a grade 3 tumor. None of the patients had grade 4 tumors. Peripancreatic lymph nodes were positive in 47% of the patients at the time of resection. Multicentricity was noted in 32.5% of patients. The operative mortality was 10.1%; however, for the patients who had surgery after January, 1980, the operative mortality was 6.2%. At the completion of the study, 78 patients had died and 11 were alive. The principal cause of death was recurrent malignancy. The median duration of survival, including the duration of survival in patients who had operative deaths, was 1.03 years. The influence of sex, tumor grade and size, multicentricity, and nodal status was evaluated multivariately with Cox's proportional hazard model.
Improved integrated structural control design using covariance control parameterization

This paper investigates multiobjective integrated control/structure design using covariance control to parameterize the controller. An advantage of this approach is that the control objectives can be specified as a set of competing analytical goals or constraints instead of a single scalar cost function. From this formulation, a multiobjective numerical optimization problem is formulated to execute the integrated control-structure design. The performance of this approach is investigated on a simple disturbance rejection problem in which the control objectives and the structural design objectives conflict. The integrated design optimization both increases control performance and decreases the structural mass with a counterintuitive design. In addition, these results add to previous work that demonstrates the protential of integrated design optimization of structures and controllers. It then appears that when the structure and controller are considered simultaneously, the resulting combination is an improved design. However, the extent of the design improvement is apparently problem dependent.
The nature of coping in treatment for marijuana dependence: latent structure and validation of the Coping Strategies Scale

The Coping Strategies Scale (CSS) was designed to assess adaptive changes in substance-use specific coping that result from treatment. This study sought to examine the latent structure of the CSS in the hope that it might shed light on the coping processes of drug users and guide the development of a brief version of the CSS. Respondents on the CSS were 751 men and women treated in 3 clinical trials for marijuana dependence. Posttreatment CSS data were analyzed to determine the nature of coping responses in patients who have been trained to use specific strategies to deal with substance use disorders. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 2 factors, categorized as problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, but confirmatory factor analysis did not support this structure. When infrequently endorsed items were removed, however, confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit to the data. Contrary to expectations, practical strategies that often form the basis for coping skills training, such as avoiding those who smoke, were not frequently endorsed. Problem-focused items reflected cognitive commitments to change. Emotion-focused items included cognitive reinterpretations of emotions to help manage emotional reactions. Brief versions of the CSS based on these factors showed good convergent and discriminant validity. The CSS, and the brief versions of the CSS, may prove useful in future treatment trials to evaluate effects of treatment on coping skills acquisition and utilization in substance dependent individuals.
Nifedipine prevents etoposide-induced caspase-3 activation, prenyl transferase degradation and loss in cell viability in pancreatic β-cells

Emerging evidence implicates novel roles for post-translational prenylation (i.e., farnesylation and geranylgeranylation) of various signaling proteins in a variety of cellular functions including hormone secretion, survival and apoptosis. In the context of cellular apoptosis, it has been shown previously that caspase-3 activation, a hallmark of mitochondrial dysregulation, promotes hydrolysis of several key cellular proteins. We report herein that exposure of insulin-secreting INS 832/13 cells or normal rat islets to etoposide leads to significant activation of caspase-3 and subsequent degradation of the common α-subunit of farnesyl/geranylgeranyl transferases (FTase/GGTase). Furthermore, the above stated signaling steps were prevented by Z-DEVD-FMK, a known inhibitor of caspase-3. In addition, treatment of cell lysates with recombinant caspase-3 also caused FTase/GGTase α-subunit degradation. Moreover, nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, markedly attenuated etoposide-induced caspase-3 activation, FTase/GGTase α-subunit degradation in INS 832/13 cells and normal rat islets. Further, nifedipine significantly restored etoposide-induced loss in metabolic cell viability in INS 832/13 cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that etoposide induces loss in cell viability by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase-3 activation and degradation of FTase/GGTase α-subunit. Potential significance of these findings in the context of protein prenylation and β-cell survival are discussed.
How Does Ambiguity Influence IPO Underpricing? The Role of the Signalling Environment

We explore the relationship between ambiguity, or low information clarity, in the IPO prospectus of newly public firms and their underpricing. Consistent with signalling theory, we find that IPO underpricing is low when the prospectus contains less ambiguous information that creates a more reliable signal conveying the quality of the IPO firm. However, the positive association between ambiguity and IPO underpricing is less pronounced when IPO firms display low strategic conformity with other firms in the industry, operate in industries with high valuation heterogeneity, or are medium-sized. Using a sample of 398 IPOs between 1998 and 2007, our results support these predictions. This study shows the importance of the signalling environment influencing boundedly rational signal recipients interpreting ambiguous signals.
Observations of structured optical emissions and particle precipitation equatorward of the traditional auroral oval

[1] High-sensitivity all-sky images from south-central Alaska show the common occurrence of slow-moving, faint optical emissions at 557.7 and 427.8 nm well equatorward of the discrete aurora. These emissions appear over a continuum of forms ranging from homogenous longitudinal bands to bands with irregular structure on their poleward edge to widely distributed arrays of vortex-like curls and widely spaced spots on the order of 10 km in diameter. These forms appear to correspond to various stages in the temporal evolution of nearly corotating precipitation regions populated by particles injected from more distant areas of the magnetosphere and may exhibit morphological control by an instability operating on cold plasma near the plasmapause. Although these phenomena are most common in the evening hours and typically persist for hours at a time, one case demonstrates that the features can remain throughout the night on occasion. These faint optical features appear to be colocated with regions of enhanced background counts in DMSP particle measurements and to be associated with the ring current/outer radiation belt region equatorward of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS). The features can occur in conjunction with HF and MF radio frequency absorption, at levels which are often too low to show up on routine absorption instruments such as the riometer. This has practical implications on the operation and interpretation of ionospheric interaction experiments carried out in the subauroral region.
Advanced Presentation of Lung Cancer in Asian Immigrants: A Case-Control Study

Study objectives To determine if Asian immigrants to the United States present with more advanced lung cancer compared to non-Asians. Design A 5-year retrospective case-control study (January 1, 1992, to December 31, 1996) of patients with lung cancer identified using the New England Medical Center cancer center database. A 2-year follow up was obtained in all subjects. Setting A tertiary level care hospital providing all levels of medical care to the local Asian population in the Boston area. Patients Forty-two Asian immigrants with lung cancer diagnosed over the study period were matched for age and sex with 42 non-Asian control subjects. Results Asians presented more frequently with advanced stage (stage III or IV) and less frequently with early stage (stage I or II) lung cancer compared with the non-Asian control group (p Conclusions Asian immigrants with lung cancer appear to present with more advanced stage of disease, have more prolonged symptomatology, and have reduced survival compared with non-Asians. These data suggest that ethnicity may play a role in the presentation and outcome of lung cancer in the Asian immigrant population.
Interepithelial lymphocytes in experimental gingivitis in young and elderly individuals.

Experimental gingivitis was induced and monitored in young and elderly subjects. After 9 days of oral hygiene abstention, a gingival biopsy was obtained from the labial surface of the lower right cuspid. The distribution of lymphocytes within the crevicular epithelium was assessed, and the ultrastructural morphology of the lymphocytes was studied. From day 0 to day 9 the increase in gingival inflammation (Gingival Index) was greater in elderly than in young subjects. The number of lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells was greater within the crevicular epithelium of elderly subjects. However, this difference was not statistically significant. The ratio of lymphocytes was significantly higher in the coronal than in the apical portion of the epithelium in both age groups. On an ultrastructural level two types of interepithelial lymphocytes, inactive and intermediate, were recognized. The intermediate cell types displayed morphological characteristics typical of cells responding to antigen stimulation.
13C NMR chemical shifts of polyisobutylene end groups and related model compounds

The detailed end-structures of CH3-,-Cl, exo-olefin, endoolefin, and-OH ended polyisobutylenes (PIB) have been characterized by high resolution13C NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, the13C chemical shifts characteristic of the various carbons in the following structures have been determined: ≈CH2C(CH3)2-CH2C(CH3)3, ≈CH2C(CH3)2CH2C(CH3)2Cl, ≈CH2C(CH3)2CH2C(CH3)=CH2, ≈CH2C(CH3)2CH=C(CH3)2, and ≈CH2C(CH3)2CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH. The structure analysis of model compounds was of utmost help in these investigations. The above information is of great value for the identification of terminally functional PIBs and analysis of reaction mixtures.
Perceived Urgency and Annoyance of Auditory Alerts in a Driving Context

Complex in-vehicle technology and safety systems are finding their way into many cars on the road today. These systems require alerts and warnings that appropriately convey multiple levels of urgency, but if these are deemed excessively annoying, then their implementation may be of little consequence. In this study we used a well-documented psychophysical approach to identify the relationship between specific auditory parameters, perceived urgency and perceived annoyance. In agreement with existing literature, increases in all parameters led to increases in both urgency and annoyance - although differentially. Of the parameters investigated, only pulse rate exhibited a stronger psychophysical relationship with urgency than annoyance. The tradeoff between urgency and annoyance is of practical concern and results from this study provide a potential guideline to determine the viability of future in vehicle alerts based on this relationship. Language: en
Recovery of low-temperature flow stress in zone-refined aluminum single crystals

Abstract The recovery of flow stress in zone-refined aluminum single crystals, deformed at −196 °C in uniaxial tension along the 〈1 1 1〉 direction, has been measured at temperatures between 0 and 200 °C after straining to flow stresses ranging from 7 to 30 ksi (48–207 MPa). The corresponding strains ranged from 1.2 × 10 −2 to 13.1 × 10 −2 . The effects of pre-stress and recovery temperature on structure and flow stress after recovery were systematically evaluated. The measured activation energy for recovery was found to increase linearly with the extent of recovery. The flow stress after recovery is found to be proportional to the reciprocal of the square root of the cell diameter. These results are used to provide, in a self-consistent manner, a new model for the recovery process.
How much does the time lag between wildlife field-data collection and LiDAR-data acquisition matter for studies of animal distributions? A case study using bird communities

Vegetation structure quantified by light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can improve understanding of wildlife occupancy and species-richness patterns. However, there is often a time lag between the collection of LiDAR data and wildlife data. We investigated whether a time lag between the LiDAR acquisition and field-data acquisition affected mapped wildlife distributions ranging from an individual species distribution to total avian species richness in a conifer forest. We collected bird and LiDAR data in 2009 across a 20,000 ha forest in northern Idaho. Using the 2009 LiDAR data, we modelled the probability of occurrence for the brown creeper (Certhia americana). Using the same 2009 LiDAR data, we additionally modelled total avian species richness and richness of three different bird nesting guilds (ground/understory, mid/ upper canopy and cavity). We mapped brown creeper occupancy probability and species richness using the 2009 models, and then compared these maps with maps based on the same models applied to a 2003-LiDAR dataset. A prior study identified areas harvested between 2003 and 2009. There was on average a 5% absolute decrease in mapped probabilities of brown creeper occurrence in non-harvest areas between 2003 and 2009. Species richness changed by less than one species in all cases within non-harvest areas between the 2003 and 2009 maps. Although these comparisons were statistically significant at the p < 0.0001 level, it is likely that the high number of map cells (~480,000) influenced this result. Similar patterns between our 2003 and 2009 maps in non-harvest areas for this suite of avian responses suggests that a 6-year difference between field-data collection and LiDAR-data collection has a minimal effect on mapped avian patterns in an undisturbed coniferous forest. However, because this is one case study in one ecosystem, additional work examining the effect of temporal lags between LiDAR and field-data collection on mapping wildlife distributions is warranted in additional ecosystems.
Endoscopic gastrocnemius tenotomy

"Tips, Quips, and Pearls" is a special section in The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery which is devoted to the sharing of ideas to make the practice of foot and ankle surgery easier. We invite our readers to share ideas with us in the form of special tips regarding diagnostic or surgical procedures, new devices or modifications of devices for making a surgical procedure a little bit easier, or virtually any other "pearl" that the reader believes will assist the foot and ankle surgeon in providing better care. Please address your tips to: John M. Schuberth, DPM, Editor, The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery, American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, 515 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, lL 60068-3150; Fax: 847-292-2022; E-mail: JFASeditor@aol.com
Regenerative medicine technology applied to gastroenterology: Current status and future perspectives

This special issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology has been conceived to illustrate to gastroenterology operators the role that regenerative medicine (RM) will have in the progress of gastrointestinal (GI) medicine. RM is a multidisciplinary field aiming to replace, regenerate or repair diseased tissues or organs. The past decade has been marked by numerous ground-breaking achievements that led experts in the field to manufacture functional substitutes of relatively simple organs. This progress is paving the ground for investigations that aims to the bioengineering and regeneration of more complex organs like livers, pancreas and intestine. In this special issue, the reader will be introduced, hand-in-hand, to explore the field of RM and will be educated on the progress, pitfalls and promise of RM technologies as applied to GI medicine.
Increasing Internationalization in Social Work Programs Healy’s Continuum As a Strategic Planning Guide

The article outlines the process whereby a graduate school of social work made its program comprehensively international, using Healy's criteria. The four goals were: raising awareness and making connections; student recruitment, support and advising; curriculum development; and international eld placements. The work of the Local Inter-National Konnections Committee is described, in particular the development of the Emphasis in International Social Work course.
Question Wording as an Independent Variable in Survey Analysis

This paper renews the line of research into the effects of changes in survey question wording and form which occupied researchers during the 1940s. We suggest two reasons for the cessation of such research: the idiosyncratic nature of many of the items experimented with and the near exclusive focus on single-variable distributions. In the present study, the experiments are based on decisions that face all survey investigators: whether to use agree-disagree statements or forced choice items; whether to ask open or closed questions; whether and how to balance alternatives offered; whether to include a middle alternative; and whether or not to filterfor no opinion. Furthermore, we examine the consequences of these decisions not only for univariate distributions but also for an item's relationship to education. The results from SRC national probability samples suggest thatfor thefirst two types, as well as for items involving variations in tone of word, the decisions may affect inferences about correlations w...
Computer-Aided Teaching of Probabilistic Modeling for Biological Phenomena

Abstract College students majoring in science and engineering need to learn how to model key features of the driving mechanisms of natural, scientific, and engineering phenomena. A rigorous treatment of these topics requires a thorough understanding of advanced mathematical concepts and probability theory. However, we believe that carefully designed computer simulation software offers a means of conveying fundamental ideas of probabilistic modeling, while minimizing the need for underlying mathematical analyses. Based on this premise we have initiated the development of a software system that will be incorporated into a novel, introductory course in probabilistic modeling for undergraduate students in the biological and environmental sciences. In this paper we describe the preliminary version of our system that implements simulation, real-time animation, and calculations of dynamic statistical summaries for several prototypical stochastic models for a variety of biological systems.