cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rail-to-rail multiple-input min/max circuit

The author presents a multiple-input min/max circuit technique that reduces the errors associated with previous analog implementations by combining a common-source voltage-mode configuration with a current-mode "winner takes all" circuit. The overall architecture exhibits linear complexity with the number of inputs. Both minimum and maximum two-input prototypes have been designed and built in a 2-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The active area for each circuit is 650/spl times/100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, and the total power dissipation is 0.8 mW from a single 5-V supply. Experimental results confirm rail-to-rail operation and sharp transition regions.
Synthesis and characterization of maleinized-silylated low molecular weight guayule rubber (MASiGR)

Maleinization followed by silylation of low molecular weight guayule rubber was accomplished for the first time via a two-step process. Maleinization was first effected by grafting maleic anhydride onto guayule rubber under the influence of benzoyl peroxide catalyst to give maleinized guayule rubber (MAGR). The maleinized rubber was then further derivatized via hydrosilylation with dichloromethyl silane and chloroplatinic acid (Speier's catalyst) to give maleinized-silylated guayule rubber (MASiGR). The silylated polymer (MASiGR) was further functionalized by reaction with ethanol or aqueous ammonia to produce ethoxysilane and silanol moieties, respectively. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H-, 13C-, and 29Si- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 754–761, 2001
Tensile testing of elastomers at ultra-high strain rates

A tensile and compressive test apparatus actuated by smokeless powder with a test speed capability in the 105 in./min. range is described. Preliminary tensile property data for cast polyurethan elastomer is discussed.
Say cheese! Experiences with a robot photographer

We have developed an autonomous robot system that takes well-composed photographs of people at social events, such as weddings and conference receptions. The robot, Lewis, navigates through the environment, opportunistically taking photographs of people. In this article, we outline the overall architecture of the system and describe how the various components interrelate. We also describe our experiences deploying the robot photographer at a number of real-world events.
Patterns for Competing Populations with Species Specific Nonlocal Coupling

We study a reaction-diffusion population model for two competing species, u and v , which also includes nonlocal integral terms that represent competition for resources. The integral terms have the form of a convolution of a given kernel function and the solution. They manifest the fact that consumption of resources by the species at a spatial location x depends not just on the populations at point x but rather on weighted averages of the populations in an interval about x . The kernel functions that we employ are characterized by two parameters, δ , which gives a spatial scale of the nonlocality, with δ = 0 corresponding to the local case, and α , a parameter associated with the extent of the asymmetry of the kernel, where α = 0 corresponds to a symmetric kernel, i.e., to a kernel that is an even function of its argument. We consider the parameter regime where for δ = 0 the system admits a stable coexistence equilibrium, which is destabilized for sufficiently large δ . Deeply in the instability region, the ensuing patterns involve arrays of islands, regions of nonzero population, separated by deadzones where the populations are essentially extinct. These structures are stationary if α = 0 and propagate if α ≠ 0. Unlike previous work, we study the patterns when the kernel parameters are different for the two species, focusing first on different δ with α = 0 and then on different α with the same δ . In the first case we numerically find stationary patterns consisting of (i) plateau regions for the more local species (v ), where the plateau value is essentially the v −component of the unstable equilibrium point, (ii) oscillatory patterns, where oscillations appear along the plateau and along the u −island and (iii) split patterns, where instead of an island, there is an island cluster of two or more neighbors separated by deadzones or near deadzones. In the second case we consider weakly coupled systems and show that there are two kinds of patterns, (i) bound waves, when each species propagates with the same speed and (ii) unbound patterns where each species propagates with its own speed, interacting with the other species when they intersect, i.e., when the two species occupy the same or closely spaced regions. We show that whether the patterns are bound or unbound depends on the stability of the decoupled system, i.e., the system when the coupling parameters are zero. When one of the species for the decoupled system is stable, then the ensuing patterns for weak coupling is bound, while if both species are unstable for the uncoupled systems, the resulting patterns are unbound for weak coupling.
Transitional Economies Of Europe And The Development Of Financial Reporting Standards: A Look At The Correlation Between A Successful Economic Transition And The Development Of Financial Reporting Standards And Laws

During the late 1980s to early 1990s, countries around the world, such as Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Poland, and Russia, began transitioning their economies from planned socialism, more specifically, Communism, to free market capitalism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze these economies of Europe and Asia and their adoption of appropriate financial reporting. With Poland and the Czech Republic, there is a positive correlation between a successful transition and the number of financial reporting standards implemented. However, deviations from this correlation can arise, such as in the cases of Lithuania and Russia, where the promulgation of accounting standards is delayed or there is no organization to regulate the implementation of the accounting standards.
Socio-Economic Barriers to Maternal Health in Bangladeshi Women

Objective: To outline the specific socio-economic barriers to maternal health faced by Bangladeshi women.Background: Bangladesh is a country with over one third of the population living in poverty and another one third living just above poverty level. The World Health Organization (2010) indicates that Bangladesh has poor prenatal and postpartum care, nutritional deficiencies, high incidence of non-skilled birth attendant utilization, and the second highest maternal mortality and morbidity rates next to sub-Saharan Africa. Women living in Bangladesh are at high risk for maternal mortality and morbidity in the postpartum period directly related to socio-economic status. Conclusion: The need for socio-economic relief for women living in rural Bangladesh remains an issue that needs to be addressed to fully address maternal health and maternal morbidities in the postpartum period.
Imaging of Nephrolithiasis, Urinary Tract Infections, and Their Complications

Non–contrast-enhanced helical computed tomography (CT) with 5-mm slice thickness is the test of choice for the patient with a suspected obstructing ureteral stone. In the absence of an available CT scanner, intravenous urography (IVU) or a combination of plain film and ultrasonography (US) should be performed (moderate evidence). Plain film should be used to follow the descent of stones along the ureter (moderate evidence). For the pregnant patient with a suspected renal stone, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether IVU or CT is the appropriate test when US is not diagnostic (insufficient evidence). Issues
A nonlinear systems approach of characterizing AMPA and NMDA receptor dynamics

The nonlinear properties of evoked glutamatergic intracellular dentate granule cell EPSPs were characterized via the Laguerre expansions of the kernels of a Volterra power series. Using pharmacological manipulations in the context of a nonlinear systems approach, we decomposed the glutamatergic EPSP dynamics into its AMPA and NMDA-receptor mediated components. A model that involved simple summation of the AMPA and NMDA kernels power spectra could not recreate the global nonlinear behavior of the intact system. However, a model that included “proportional-plus- first-derivative-plus-second-derivative” positive feedback of the intracellular membrane potential onto the NMDA subsystem was able to do so precisely. The decomposed feedback transfer function, which was found to resemble the mathematical “triplet,” represents the nonlinear interaction between the two receptor subtypes.
The Conservative Aims of Militant Rhetoric: Black Protest during World War II

D URING World War II the black press and most black leaders called for a "Double V,' victory at home over discrimination as well as victory over the Axis. This slogan and the continuing wartime protest against racial proscriptions have led many historians to conclude that the war years were seminal ones in the development of the modern black protest movement, laying the groundwork for the black revolt of the 1960s.1 There is ample evidence that the black masses were becoming receptive to a more militant approach. However, black newspapers and black leaders, most of whom wrote articles or regular columns in the black press, usually followed a conservative approach to the solution of racial problems. They sought to gain concessions from a reluctant administration, while trying to restrain the more militant elements within the black masses. With the notable exception of A. Philip Randolph, they usually opposed direct action by the masses and any exclusively black civil rights groups. Those scholars who view the war years as a turning point in the development of a militant black movement usually contrast the "Double V" to the "Close Ranks" slogan of World War I which stemmed from an article written in Crisis by W. E. B. Du Bois calling on blacks to close ranks
High power coupled midinfrared free-electron-laser oscillator scheme as a driver for up-frequency conversion processes in the x-ray region

In this paper we present a high-gain free-electron-laser (FEL) oscillator scheme composed of two oscillators that are ideally coupled unidirectionally, with the coupled signal power flowing from the master to the amplifier oscillator. Electron bunches driving the oscillators are in perfect synchronization with the optical pulses building up within the respective cavities. The scheme is applied to a 100 MeV range superconducting energy recovery linac FEL. The computed mJ level, ultrashort pulse ($l10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{cycles}$) output in the midinfrared region indicates the potential of the proposed FEL oscillator scheme in driving up-frequency conversion processes in the x-ray region, enabling tunable, high average brightness, attosecond scale coherent soft/hard x-ray sources.
Systemic Bacillus Species Infection Mimicking Listeriosis of Pregnancy

Bacillus species are increasingly recognized as agents of infection in humans. These organisms are ubiquitous in nature and can cause clinical illness ranging from transient bacteremia to serious systemic infection. We describe a pregnant intravenous drug abuser with fever, constitutional symptoms, and premature labor. Her blood cultures yielded gram-positive bacilli, and her clinical course was consistent with systemic listeriosis of pregnancy. Pathological examination of the placenta revealed acute villitis, and Bacillus species grew from cultures of both placenta and blood. Through biochemical testing the isolate was identified as Bacillus pumilis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of premature labor induced by Bacillus species infection.
INACCURACIES IN PHYSICIANS' PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR PATIENTS

Objective.The objective was to assess primary care physicians' awareness of their patients' rated emotions, satisfaction, and opinion of the quality of their communication.Design.Diabetic patients (n = 261) and their primary care physicians (n = 44) each filled in a questionnaire following a routine
Based on Analysis of the Divergence of Analog Image Signal Feature Selection

In the simulation image signal in the process of feature selection,don't and prone to all kinds of modeling of the relationship between the characteristics of image signal,insufficient in traditional simulation based on optimization ant colony algorithm,the image signal feature selection methods,because only in the Angle of the whole class labels on feature selection,cannot effectively choose analog image signal characteristics,puts forward a simulation image signal selection method based on the divergence analysis,establish the mathematics model of feature selection problems,according to the classification of the Fisher criterion,the divergence difference as the simulation image signal feature selection criterion,a divergence difference based on the simulation of image signal feature classification method,the weighted matrix differential divergence trace as projective identification rules,by getting a group of optimal projection direction,making various kinds of original vector after the projection can be separated to a great extent,to the analog image signal eigenvalue corresponding eigenvector for orthonormalization operation,so as to realize the feature selection of simulated image signal. The simulation results show that the proposed method has high accuracy.
The “Current” Bamboo Annals and the Date of the Zhou Conquest of Shang

Having demonstrated in a previous article entitled “On the Authenticity of the Bamboo Annals” that the “Current” Bamboo Annals can be a surprisingly reliable source for the history of early China and particularly for the Western Zhou period, in this article the author again examines a brief series of entries from this text, in this case dealing with the death of King Wen and the succession of King Wu. The analysis is divided into three sections, historical, philological, and chronological, all of which show that although this section of the “Current” Bamboo Annals has been revised, apparently just after the text's exhumation in the late-third century, and is no longer accurate per se, it is still possible to use it to reconstruct the original tomb text, which can be shown to be historically reliable. In addition to demonstrating once again the reliability of the Bamboo Annals, the discussion also verifies that the date of the Zhou conquest of Shang was 1045 B.C.
Emotional Ups and Downs

Caring for grandchildren with disabilities can be both rewarding and taxing. It may generate very positive, and very negative, emotional impacts. Often simultaneously. For some grandparents, care work is almost entirely positive, in part because they so enjoy spending time with their grandchildren and in part because they know they are providing much needed care and their adult children appreciate it profoundly. Providing care gives some grandparents abundant joy that, in some cases, relieves their poor health and sadness and gives new purpose and meaning to their lives. They tend to have enough resources to provide the amount of care needed. These families tend to have close emotional bonds and clear channels of communication, even if they also face health and financial challenges. For other grandparents, caring for grandchildren with disabilities creates emotional distress. Some are reluctant to accept the diagnoses and to let go of the visions they had of grandparenting. Some are concerned about the impact on their own health, their marriages, and their adult children’s wellbeing. Some do not have sufficiently good health or deep enough pockets to provide the amount of care and support needed. Some are overwhelmed by becoming custodial grandparents and providing so much unexpected care at such a late age. And some feel tremendous frustration and disappointment that their adult children are taking advantage of them and failing to express appreciation.
Intramedullary cavernous malformations of the spinal cord.

Cavernous malformations of the spinal cord are extremely rare lesions. The 58 reported cases in the English literature and 9 of the authors’ own cases are reviewed. The clinical presentation, patient characteristics, radiographic appearance, and histopathologic features are reviewed. The optimal surgical management and outcomes of treatment for intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations are discussed in detail.
Model-based CMP (Chemical-Mechanical Polishing) proximity correction for mitigating systematic process variations

In this paper we have proposed a way of a model-based CMP proximity correction in sub-28nm SoC (system-on-a-chip) designs. Just like OPC (optical proximity correction) process against lithography variations, the proposed approach can be added at the mask synthesis stage in addition to the conventional metal fill approach and highly reduces the systematic process variation due to CMP.
Detection of fatigue cracking in steel bridge girders: A support vector machine approach

Abstract This study presents an artificial intelligence approach for the detection of distortion-induced fatigue cracking of steel bridge girders based on the data provided by self-powered wireless sensors. The sensors have a series of memory gates that can cumulatively record the duration of the applied strain. The gates are activated as soon as the electrical charge generated by piezoelectric strain transducer exceeds pre-defined thresholds. In the present study, the distribution of the sensor output has been characterized by a Gaussian cumulative density function. For the analysis, extensive finite element simulations were carried out to obtain the structural response of an existing highway steel bridge girder (I-96/M-52) in Webberville, Michigan. Different damage states were defined by extending the lengths of the crack at the web gaps from 10 mm to 100 mm. Damage indicator features were extracted for different data acquisition nodes based on the sensor output distribution. Subsequently, support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were developed to fuse the clustered features and identify multiple damage states. The results indicate that the models have acceptable detection performance, specifically for cracks larger than 10 mm. The best classification performance was obtained using the information from a group of sensors located near the damage zone.
The Role of a Hospital Ethics Consultation Service in Decision-Making for Unrepresented Patients

Despite increased calls for hospital ethics committees to serve as default decision-makers about life-sustaining treatment (LST) for unrepresented patients who lack decision-making capacity or a surrogate decision-maker and whose wishes regarding medical care are not known, little is known about how committees currently function in these cases. This was a retrospective cohort study of all ethics committee consultations involving decision-making about LST for unrepresented patients at a large academic hospital from 2007 to 2013. There were 310 ethics committee consultations, twenty-five (8.1 per cent) of which involved unrepresented patients. In thirteen (52.0 per cent) cases, the ethics consultants evaluated a possible substitute decision-maker identified by social workers and/or case managers. In the remaining cases, the ethics consultants worked with the medical team to contact previous healthcare professionals to provide substituted judgement, found prior advance care planning documents, or identified the patient's best interest as the decision-making standard. In the majority of cases, the final decision was to limit or withdraw LST (72 per cent) or to change code status to Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not Intubate (12 per cent). Substitute decision-makers who had been evaluated through the ethics consultation process and who made the final decision alone were more likely to continue LST than cases in which physicians made the final decision (50 per cent vs 6.3 per cent, p = 0.04). In our centre, the primary role of ethics consultants in decision-making for unrepresented patients is to identify appropriate decision-making standards. In the absence of other data suggesting that ethics committees, as currently constituted, are ready to serve as substitute decision-makers for unrepresented patients, caution is necessary before designating these committees as default decision-makers.
“Talk inside the Soul” with Robert Browning’s “Saviour of Society”

The fourth chapter explores soul-talk in the later Browning with Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau: Saviour of Society (1871)—a thinly disguised dramatization of Louis Napoleon. Here, retrospectively, Browning takes up the ethico-political assessment of the leader begun by EBB in “Napoleon III in Italy” as the prince, talking freely from his soul imagines an array of colorful analogies, hybrid voices, and personae, through which to explain his political motivations over decades of statesmanship. Obliquely revealed truths allow reader-listeners to witness the ease with which the powerful may manipulate inferential meaning to self-serving purposes. Yet the structured sounds, silences, and tonal shifts of voice also expose more of the leader’s motivating inclinations than he intentionally articulates. Lack of lyricism within the prince’s musings implies a soul too corroded by cynicism to voice such musical thinking as the poet himself performs in lyrics such as “Amphibian,” when he speaks of and to the soul of his own soul, EBB.
Demand for New Instrumentation for Well Logging and Natural Formations Monitoring

Oil well logging is a powerful approach for high-precision evaluation and prediction of earth formation parameters. As a result, this approach has found wide-spread application in the characterization of oil fields. Here we describe several methods on a base of scintillation detectors allowing reliable characterization of the formation around wells. Demand for new scintillation materials to operate in an environment of deep wells is discussed.
Managing Insomnia in Special Populations

In general, patients with insomnia respond well to treatment, with approximately 70 % benefitting from behavioral and cognitive therapy (showing 50–60 % improvement in sleep, on average) [1, 2].
Possible erythrocyte contributions to and exacerbation of the post-thrombolytic no-reflow phenomenon.

BACKGROUND Reperfusion injury often occurs with therapeutic intervention addressing the arterial occlusions causing acute myocardial infarction and stroke. The no-reflow phenomenon has been ascribed to leukocyte plugging and blood vessel constriction in the microcirculation. OBJECTIVE To assess possible red cell contributions to post-thrombolytic no-reflow phenomenon. METHODS Blood clots were formed by recalcifying 1 ml of citrated fresh human venous blood and then lysed by adding 1,000 units of streptokinase (SK) at several intervals within 1 hour. Red cell deformability was tested by both a microscopic photometric and a filtration technique, viscosity by a cone and plate viscometer, and erythrocyte aggregation by an optical aggregometer. RESULTS Two sampling methods were devised for the microscopic photometric test, both of which indicated increases of erythrocyte stiffness after being lysed from the clot by SK. In accompanying experiments, the viscosity, aggregation and filterability of the post-lytic erythrocytes were assessed. Results indicated increased viscosity in Ringer's, decreased aggregation index and filterability through a 5 μm pore size Nuclepore membrane. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrated that post-lytic changes in red cell deformability do occur which could contribute to the no-reflow phenomenon.
Discussion of “Turbulence over cube-mounted rough bed using spatiotemporal averaging approach”1

This discussion provides highlights of data acquisition strategies for rough surface flow and limitations of space-averaging analysis applied to the isolated-roughness flow problem. It is demonstrated that the compound effects of relative submergence and relative pitch should be accounted for to quantify the behaviour of surface roughness.
NOISE IN SILVER β″ ALUMINA CERAMICS

Voltage fluctuations at ohmic electrodes to silver β″ alumina ceramic samples are observed both at contacts and in the bulk over the frequency interval 10- 3 to 10 4 Hz. Contact noise power in the absence of current varies as f −2 at low frequencies and is dominated by Nyquist noise of the sample at frequencies greater than 100 Hz. Bulk current noise measured at transverse contacts has a f −3/2 power spectrum and increases with the square of the current. Low-frequency contact noise, sample Nyquist noise and bulk current noise are all thermally activated with activation energies of -0.96, 0.18 and 0.47 eV, respectively. These experimental results are very similar to those previously reported for sodium β″ alumina ceramics.
An Analysis of Conflict in Northern Ireland

In this study, we model the Northern Ireland conflict using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Our model is an update of earlier analyses carried out in 1976, 1977, and 1982 in which it was shown that the outcome which would most satisfy the aspirations of all parties would be legislative independence for Northern Ireland. The current analysis takes into account important changes that have taken place since the earlier work was performed. We show that the most satisfactory outcome is still one of legislative independence.
Post-launch radiometric validation of the GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

The GOES-16 satellite was launched on 19 Nov 2016, and it became operational as the GOES-East satellite on 18 Dec 2017. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is one of six instruments onboard GOES-16. It has 16 spectral bands, a spatial resolution of 0.5–2.0 km, and five times the temporal coverage of the previous GOES Imager. ABI has onboard radiometric calibration capabilities that were not available on the previous Imager instrument. The Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS) is an automated facility composed of ground-based instruments that measure the surface reflectance and atmosphere throughout the day. It was developed by the Remote Sensing Group (RSG) of the College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona, and it is currently used to monitor such low-Earth orbit (LEO) sensors as Landsat-8 OLI, Terra and Aqua MODIS, Sentinel-2A and -2B MSI, SNPP VIIRS, and others. The successful launch of GOES-16, coupled with the improved spectral, spatial, and temporal characteristics of ABI, provide a unique opportunity to intercompare results obtained from a geosynchronous sensor to those obtained from typical LEO sensors. This work describes the recent efforts of RSG to validate the radiometric calibration of ABI, and compare the results with LEO sensors using RadCaTS.
Policing Education: An Empirical Review of the Challenges and Impact of the Work of School Police Officers.

Public concerns regarding school safety and zero-tolerance education policies have contributed to the growth of a workforce of school police, or frontline school safety professionals who are typically placed in schools with the authority to arrest students (Brown, 2006). Thus, school police represent a workforce positioned at the nexus of multiple systems, including education and juvenile justice, and whose work likely brings them into contact with underserved youth and families. Despite national representation of this growing workforce (e.g., National Association of School Resource Officers), little is known about the responsibilities, roles, training, and influence of school police. This manuscript aims to (a) advance understanding of the school police workforce, including in relation to school police training, needs, roles, and influence, through a systematic review of scholarship in the social sciences, with a focus on peer-reviewed research in education, psychology, social work, criminology, and juvenile justice; and (b) generate empirically supported recommendations integrating key conclusions that pertain specifically to targeting the challenges faced by the school police workforce and identifying the best strategies to enhance safety-related goals while mitigating disproportionate legal and educational consequences for underserved youth and families.
Navigating Campus Controversies: Seeking Truth, Respecting Speech, and Cultivating Intellectual Fairness in Higher Education

In this essay, Rebecca M. Taylor and Ashley Floyd Kuntz explore the higher education aims of advancing truth, respecting speech, and fostering inclusive learning environments in the context of cont...
The Governance of International Migration: Mechanisms, Processes, and Institutions

This article explains how the global governance of international migration has evolved as a policy issue on the international agenda over the past decade while noting that there is still no consensus on whether global governance is really required, what type of global governance would be appropriate, and how it should develop. The article reviews a series of policy options that have been proposed to fill the governance gap in international migration; namely, to create a new agency, to designate a lead agency, to bring the International Organization for Migration into the UN system, a coordination model, a leadership model, a World Trade Organization model, and an evolutionary model.
Transit neighborhoods, commercial gentrification, and traffic crashes: Exploring the linkages in Los Angeles and the Bay Area

Abstract Gentrification impacts commercial areas in various ways, bringing new businesses and displacing old ones. Recent studies have found links between gentrification and transit-oriented development (TOD) around stations. But little is known about how gentrification affects pedestrian and cyclist safety. This study analyzes collision patterns around 81 rail stations in Los Angeles County and 132 rail stations in the San Francisco Bay Area between 1997 and 2015, examining if such patterns are different between gentrified and non-gentrified commercial stations. We find that in both regions, the mean number of annual collisions at commercial stations that have experienced gentrification is over two times higher than at commercial stations that have not experienced gentrification. We construct multivariate regression models of automobile-pedestrian and automobile-bicycle collisions based on population, urban form, and gentrification data within a half-mile area around the stations, and find that pedestrians and cyclists are at a higher risk of collision around commercially gentrified stations relative to non-gentrified ones in Los Angeles County, but not in the Bay Area. Our final models explain from 55% to 77% of the variation in station area collisions. These findings have significant implications for cities that wish to concentrate development around stations.
Repeating Jameson (Full Monograph)

I invite you to dive into these analyses to discern for yourself how Žižek repeats Jameson and Jameson encounters Žižek. Now, the editorial superego exclaims, Enjoy!
Targeted muscle reinnervation in oncologic amputees: Early experience of a novel institutional protocol

Background We describe a multidisciplinary approach for comprehensive care of amputees with concurrent targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) at the time of amputation. Methods Our TMR cohort was compared to a cross-sectional sample of unselected oncologic amputees not treated at our institution (N = 58). Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (NRS, PROMIS) were used to assess postamputation pain. Results Thirty-one patients underwent amputation with concurrent TMR during the study; 27 patients completed pain surveys; 15 had greater than 1 year follow-up (mean follow-up 14.7 months). Neuroma symptoms occurred significantly less frequently and with less intensity among the TMR cohort. Mean differences for PROMIS pain intensity, behavior, and interference for phantom limb pain (PLP) were 5.855 (95%CI 1.159-10.55; P = .015), 5.896 (95%CI 0.492-11.30; P = .033), and 7.435 (95%CI 1.797-13.07; P = .011) respectively, with lower scores for TMR cohort. For residual limb pain, PROMIS pain intensity, behavior, and interference mean differences were 5.477 (95%CI 0.528-10.42; P = .031), 6.195 (95%CI 0.705-11.69; P = .028), and 6.816 (95%CI 1.438-12.2; P = .014), respectively. Fifty-six percent took opioids before amputation compared to 22% at 1 year postoperatively. Conclusions Multidisciplinary care of amputees including concurrent amputation and TMR, multimodal postoperative pain management, amputee-centered rehabilitation, and peer support demonstrates reduced incidence and severity of neuroma and PLP.
The Effect of the Medical Marijuana Legalization on Pharmaceutical Payments to Physicians

Although cannabis is federally prohibited, a majority of U.S. states have implemented medical cannabis laws (MCLs). As more individuals consider the drug for medical treatment, they potentially substitute away from prescription drugs. Therefore, an MCL signals competitor entry. This paper exploits geographic and temporal variation in MCLs to examine the strategic response in direct-to-physician marketing by pharmaceutical firms as cannabis enters the market. We use office detailing records from 2014-2018 aggregated to the county level and find detailing increases by 7% in the quarter an MCL is proposed. The increase is temporary, however, and attenuates after MCL approval. We then incorporate physician-level cannabis recommendation data from Florida and find opioid detailing to cannabis-friendly doctors declines following MCL enactment. Although we find weak evidence of a similar decline in our primary analysis, the effects are muted at the aggregate level by the small percent of doctors that recommend cannabis.
Asymmetry of Non-traditional Gendered Decisions: Gender Beliefs and High School Curriculum Track Decisions in Taiwan

In Taiwan, the persistent sex segregation in high school curriculum track has been documented since 1982. This study focuses on the gender beliefs held by adolescents, their parents, and their math teachers, examining to what degree the egalitarian gender beliefs affect the high school curriculum track decisions in Taiwan by using the Taiwan Education Panel Survey. Results show that when adolescents’ parents hold egalitarian gender beliefs, both girls and boys have higher odds of choosing non-traditional gender paths. However, the adolescents’ own egalitarian gender beliefs only matter for female adolescents, not for male adolescents. This research explores the mechanisms of egalitarian gender beliefs held by multiple socialization agents on non-traditional gendered education decisions. It advocates on the programs that foster egalitarian gender attitudes, which may narrow the sex segregation in high school curriculum tracks.
Perceptions of service learning in pharmacy education: A systematic review

Abstract Background Pharmacy services have evolved to include direct patient care and a greater role within the community. Service learning (SL) is a specific pedagogy that can provide pharmacy students with live patient interaction and foster community engagement. Although SL is recommended by educational standards, it is not clearly known if students or patients recognize the benefits of these activities. The objectives of this review are to assess student and patient perceptions of SL in the literature, evaluate the different approaches to SL, and describe interprofessional education (IPE) within SL. Methods A literature search was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Cochrane Review, Academic Search Complete, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases. Search terms included “service learning” AND “pharmacy education OR learning” AND “perceptions.” Studies were included if they described perceptions of SL in pharmacy education. No timeline restrictions were made. Results Fourteen studies were included with SL occurring in didactic, co-curricular, and experiential pharmacy education. Student perceptions were consistently positive and expressed improvements in confidence, knowledge, and abilities. Patient perceptions, when evaluated, were also positive. SL provided a strong and trusting learning environment for IPE. Implications SL is a beneficial component in all aspects of pharmacy education. Student and patient perceptions suggest that SL can enhance knowledge and improve overall health outcomes. Incorporating IPE into SL offers benefits to all healthcare professional students.
Culture and Pretend Play

From a global perspective, the particular social pretend play analyzed and interpreted in the two previous chapters reflects the unique cultural context of the late 20th-century middle-class United States. This fact alone does not invalidate conclusions concerning children’s general pretense competencies as long as no rigid age norms or qualitative criteria are proposed. Nevertheless, two points would seem highly culture-specific in today’s American pretend play. First, a majority of U.S. middle-class children get together daily in adult-supervised preschool settings where pretend plays are regular activities for which space, props, and audience are provided. Moreover, well beyond infancy, pretend activity is actively and regularly encouraged at home, not merely in the sense that parents provide toys and they themselves play pretense with their children, but also that many parents are an accommodating audience in front of whom children may play arbitrary pretend roles. In the following paragraph I quote a few authorities to indicate how profoundly different and relatively rare the USA child situation is.
Placental thickness correlates with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder in women with placenta previa

To evaluate the association of placental thickness with placenta accreta spectrum disorder in placenta previa. In this IRB-approved, retrospective study, ultrasound (US) reports were retrospectively queried for keyword previa. US performed closest to mid-gestation were included. Three measurements were performed at the thickest portion of the placenta on longitudinal transabdominal images. Operative reports and surgical pathology were used as the reference standard. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired T-tests and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. Sixty-five patients with placenta previa were included: 38 with PAS disorder and 27 without PAS disorder, clinically or pathologically. 38/38 (100%) patients of PAS group and 16/27 (59.3%) patients of non-PAS group had history of prior cesarean section. The average placental thickness was 4.3 cm (range 1.8 cm to 7.8 cm) for PAS group and 3.0 cm (range 0.6 cm to 5.3 cm) for non-PAS group (p < 0.001). Placental thickness in patients without PAS disorder and history of prior cesarean section was 3.1 (± 1.1) cm. This was statistically different from patients who had history of prior cesarean section with PAS diagnosis (4.3 cm, P<0.01). Using ROC analysis, a threshold measurement of 4.5 cm leads to sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 96%. Our results demonstrate that among women with placenta previa, increased placental thickness at lower uterine segment correlates with placenta accreta spectrum disorder. A threshold of 4.5 cm can be useful for screening patients with placenta previa and risks factors for PAS.
The Multiple Benefits of Urban Agriculture: Contexts and Contributions of a Modern Food Movement

Urban agriculture has emerged as a solution to food insecurity and other issues faced by underserved communities in urban areas. This study compares four urban food initiatives to highlight differences in implementation and success across different agricultural practices. The study also examines the varying levels of support for these initiatives in the United States and Cuba. The comparison shows that different initiatives within the urban food movement meet a unique intersection of multifaceted societal needs beyond the main goal of hunger alleviation. The main intersecting social needs that urban food initiatives can address are food accessibility, public health, and sustainable development. Moreover, different forms of governmental or non- governmental support for these initiatives influence their success and the scope of their outreach. Broader implications of this study include the importance of utilizing urban food not only as a remedy to hunger and food insecurity problems but also as a way to address public health and sustainable development goals in cities. The main findings imply a necessity for local governments to include urban agriculture initiatives in sustainability and food security plans for cities to encourage sustainable development, health, and increased food access for city residents.
Astro-Archaeology—The Unwritten Evidence

(1973). Astro-Archaeology—The Unwritten Evidence. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 58-64.
A generalized interval caching policy for mixed interactive and long video workloads

In a video server environment, some video objects (e.g., movies) are very large and are read sequentially. Hence it is not economical to cache the entire object. However, caching random fractions of a multimedia object is not beneficial. Therefore, traditional cache management policies such as LRU are not effective. The sequential access of pages can be exploited by caching only the intervals between two successive streams on the same object, i.e., by retaining the pages brought in by a stream for reuse by a closely following stream and subsequently discarding them. In contrast to the movie-on-demand workload, an interactive workload is composed of many short video clips (e.g., shopping). Hence, concurrent access to the same video chip will be infrequent and interval caching policy will not be effective. In this paper, we propose a Generalized Interval Caching policy that caches both short video objects as well as intervals or fractions of large video objects. To study the efficacy of the GIC policy, we also propose a model for mixed short interactive and long video workloads. The proposed policy is shown to effectively reduce disk overload and hence to increase the capacity of the video server.
A FAMILY SET METHOD FOR ESTIMATING HEREDITY AND STRESS-I A PILOT SURVEY OF BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG NEGROES IN HIGH AND LOW STRESS AREAS, DETROIT, 1966-1967

A pilot survey designed to test the feasibility of measuring genetic and stress variables as they relate to blood pressure levels was carried out among Negroes residing in high and low stress census tracts in Detroit, 1966–1967. Fifty-six “family sets” or 280 persons were interviewed and blood pressure recordings were taken by trained nurses. Each family set was composed of an index, a spouse, a sibling and a first cousin of index, and an unrelated person in the census tract matched to index. The method and findings of obtaining such family sets is discussed and found to be encouraging enough to initiate a larger study. It was also found that proportions of persons with hypertensive levels were significantly greater in the high stress tract (32 per cent; N = 102) than in the low stress tract (19 per cent; N = 113).
Replacements of lysine 32 in yeast cytochrome c. Effects on the binding and reactivity with physiological partners.

Abstract Lysine 32 has been previously implicated by chemical modification and modeling studies as a key component of the domain which controls recognition and binding of cytochrome c to its physiological partners, e.g. cytochrome b2, cytochrome c peroxidase, and cytochrome oxidase. In order to quantitate the importance of this residue, we have investigated the role of Lys-32 in the reactivity of cytochrome c in redox reactions in vitro and in vivo with protein partners by using a series of altered forms of iso-1-cytochrome c from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which Lys-32 is replaced by Leu-32, Gln-32, Trp-32, and Tyr-32. Leu-32 and Gln-32 represent substitutions which change charge without seriously affecting the steric bulk of the side chain or the stability of the protein. For the Leu-32- and Gln-32-altered proteins, steady state kinetic studies with cytochrome c peroxidase, cytochrome b2, and cytochrome oxidase showed that neither of the steady state kinetic parameters, Km nor Vmax, were substantially modified by mutation. Studies of single turnover kinetics with a small molecule (ascorbate) or within bound complexes with either cytochrome b5 or cytochrome c peroxidase demonstrated that redox kinetics are only slightly affected by these substitutions. NMR experiments demonstrated that the Gln-32-altered protein can still bind strongly to a physiological partner, cytochrome c peroxidase. Growth in lactate medium demonstrated that the activity in vivo compared with the normal value was reduced to only 85% with the Gln-32- and Leu-32-altered proteins and to 65% with the Trp-32- and Tyr-32-altered proteins. These findings suggest that the evolutionary invariance of Lys-32 reflects only small quantitative changes in the binding and reactivity of cytochrome c.
Opioid Education and Nasal Naloxone Rescue Kits in the Emergency Department

Introduction: Emergency departments (EDs) may be high-yield venues to address opioid deaths with education on both overdose prevention and appropriate actions in a witnessed overdose. In addition, the ED has the potential to equip patients with nasal naloxone kits as part of this effort. We evaluated the feasibility of an ED-based overdose prevention program and described the overdose risk knowledge, opioid use, overdoses, and overdose responses among participants who received overdose education and naloxone rescue kits (OEN) and participants who received overdose education only (OE). Methods: Program participants were surveyed by telephone after their ED visit about their substance use, overdose risk knowledge, history of witnessed and personal overdoses, and actions in a witnessed overdose including use of naloxone. Results: A total of 415 ED patients received OE or OEN between January 1, 2011 and February 28, 2012. Among those, 51 (12%) completed the survey; 37 (73%) of those received a naloxone kit, and 14 (27%) received OE only. Past 30-day opioid use was reported by 35% OEN and 36% OE, and an overdose was reported by 19% OEN and 29% OE. Among 53% (27/51) of participants who witnessed another individual experiencing an overdose, 95% OEN and 88% OE stayed with victim, 74% OEN and 38% OE called 911, 26% OEN and 25% OE performed rescue breathing, and 32% OEN (n=6) used a naloxone kit to reverse the overdose. We did not detect statistically significant differences between OEN and OE-only groups in opioid use, overdose or response to a witnessed overdose. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of ED-based opioid overdose prevention education and naloxone distribution to trained laypersons, patients and their social network. The program reached a high-risk population that commonly witnessed overdoses and that called for help and used naloxone, when available, to rescue people. While the study was retrospective with a low response rate, it provides preliminary data for larger, prospective studies of ED-based overdose prevention programs. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(3):381–384.]