cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An approach for quasi-continuous time-lapse seismic monitoring with sparse data

An approach for quasi-continuous, geophysical time-lapse monitoring with sparse seismic data is proposed. This approach takes advantage of the small changes in the seismic property of a geological reservoir that are expected to occur in a small time interval. The goal of this approach is to obtain high temporal and spatial resolution in reconstructed, time-lapse geophysical images using comparable resources that would have provided high spatial but low temporal resolution images with conventional approaches. This is done by acquiring spatially sparse data at small time intervals. In this case, a spatially sparse dataset refers to that dataset which is a small fraction (as little as 5%) of what would be acquired to reconstruct a high spatial resolution tomographic image of the subsurface. The high spatial resolution obtained by the proposed approach occurs because unrecorded data are predicted from future and past data. With high temporal and spatial resolution, early detection of important reservoir changes is more likely to occur.
Detection and characterization of products from photodissociation of XCH2CH2ONO (X = F, Cl, Br, OH).

Alkyl nitrites have been used previously to produce alkoxy radicals, which are important intermediates in the oxidation of alkanes in atmospheric and combustion processes. Substituted alkoxy radicals, particulary hydroxyalkoxy radicals, are also important intermediates in the atmospheric oxidation of alkenes and combustion of alcohols. In order to produce substituted alkoxy radicals we have photolyzed at 351 nm substituted alkyl nitrites, XCH2CH2ONO (X = F, Cl, Br, OH). Using laser-induced fluorescence only in the case of X = F do we observe the spectrum of substituted alkoxy radical, XCH2CH2O; but we always observe the electronic transitions of formaldehyde, HCHO, and vinoxy radical, CH2CHO. HCHO can be formed by the dissociation of XCH2CH2O in its ground state as the barrier to C–C bond dissociation is less than the photon energy remaining after O–NO bond breakage. However, the barrier along the reaction path directly leading from XCH2CH2O to CH2CHO + HX is much higher than the available energy remainin...
Determining the progenitors of merging black-hole binaries

We investigate a possible method for determining the progenitors of black hole (BH) mergers observed via their gravitational wave (GW) signal. We argue that measurements of the cross-correlation of the GW events with overlapping galaxy catalogs may provide an additional tool in determining if BH mergers trace the stellar mass of the Universe, as would be expected from mergers of the endpoints of stellar evolution. If on the other hand the BHs are of primordial origin, as has been recently suggested, their merging would be preferentially hosted by lower biased objects, and thus have a lower cross-correlation with luminous galaxies. Here we forecast the expected precision of the cross-correlation measurement for current and future GW detectors such as LIGO and the Einstein Telescope. We then predict how well these instruments can distinguish the model that identifies high-mass BH-BH mergers as the merger of primordial black holes that constitute the dark matter in the Universe from more traditional astrophysical sources.
Fathers’ and mothers’ home learning environments and children’s early academic outcomes

The home learning environment (HLE) that children experience early on is highly predictive of their later academic competencies; however, the bulk of this work is operationalized from mothers’ perspectives. This study investigates the HLE provided by both mothers and fathers to their preschoolers (n = 767), with consideration for how parents’ practices relate to one another as well as how these practices predict children’s early academic outcomes. Using an SEM framework, results indicate that while, overall, mothers provide HLE activities more frequently than fathers do, both mothers (β = .18, p < .05) and fathers (β = .22, p < .05) make unique contributions to their preschooler’s early academic skills, but only for families where mother has less than a bachelor’s degree. For families where mother has a bachelor’s degree or higher, the effect of father’s HLE practices is not a significant predictor of children’s academics when considering mother’s HLE. For all families, fathers are providing a variety of HLE activities to their young children; and, although these may occur less frequently than mothers’ practices, they are particularly important for the academic development of children whose mothers have less than a bachelor’s degree. Practical implications are discussed.
Manual of Instructions for Identifying and Analyzing Referential Interactions II

A set of procedures, based on J. R. Kantor’s analysis of referential linguistic interactions as a class of adjustive behavior, is presented for guiding raters in the analysis of videotapes showing two people talking to one another. The rater’s first task is to identify each interaction that involves a speaker’s initiation of a referent and a listener’s relevant reaction to it. To assist the rater, 14 guidelines, together with correct and incorrect examples and explanatory comments, are provided. The second task is to analyze some or all of the identified interactions in terms of their frequency of occurrence during a session, average duration, topography (verbal-vocal and gestural), and concurrent behaviors, plus the listener’s responses which are classified as narrative, mediative, or both. The rater also categorizes the time frame, reality dimension, persons, animals, objects and activities, and any associated feeling reactions. In addition, the rater surveys the speaker’s interactions in terms of their secondary linguistic function (secondary to the communicative function of language), as for example, to amuse, teach, persuade, and so on. Finally, the rater classifies the setting conditions prevailing during the sessions. Procedures are also provided for a complete two-way analysis of linguistic interactions, that is, when the listener also takes the role of the speaker by initiating a referent, and the speaker also responds as a listener. The basic recording forms used in making both a one-way and two-way analysis of linguistic referential interactions are included.
Inferring Sources of Dementia Progression with Network Diffusion Model

Pinpointing the sources of dementia is crucial to the effective treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we model the dementia progression by a diffusive model over the brain network with sparse impulsive stimulations. By solving inverse problems, we localize the possible origins of Alzheimer’s disease based on a large set of repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in ADNI. The distribution of the sources averaged over the sample population is evaluated. We find that the dementia sources have different concentrations in the brain lobes for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, indicating possible switch of the dementia driving mechanism. Our model provides a quantitative way to perform explanatory analysis of the dynamics of dementia.
What is running economy? A clinician's guide to key concepts, applications and myths.

Running economy is one of the key physiological predictors of distance running performance1 and articles about running economy are abundant in the scientific and lay communities. Clinicians regularly encounter coaches and athletes aiming to improve performance and may also recommend injury-related interventions which influence running economy, and therefore should have a firm understanding of running economy. However, running economy is often misunderstood and measured in an inconsistent or unjustified manner. As such, it can be difficult to make sense of the literature regarding how demographics, biomechanics (eg, stride rate, footstrike) and interventions (eg, footwear, orthoses, biomechanical alterations, training programmes) influence running economy, thus performance. Here, I address five critical questions about running economy so that existing research can be interpreted appropriately and clinicians can accurately advise athletes. Additionally, the online supplementary appendix provides further relevant concepts and examples to demonstrate these points. ### Supplementary appendix [bjsports-2016-096159supp_Appendix.pdf] Running economy is defined as the aerobic demands of running, or the relationship between oxygen consumption (VO2: expressed in units of L O2/min or mL O2/kg/min) and running speed.2 In trained runners with similar maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), those with superior running economy (lower VO2 per unit distance: mL O2/kg/km) achieve faster racing times2 due to reduced metabolic demand at submaximal intensities. Likewise, excellent running economy may compensate for VO2max limitations, even at the elite level1 where athletes may have reached their individual physiological boundaries. Running economy is typically measured using a motorised treadmill, using a protocol that allows individuals to run at progressively faster speeds, while steady-state VO2 is measured using a metabolic cart. Running economy may also be measured on a running track …
The Many Monies of King Cotton: Domestic and Foreign Currencies in New Orleans, 1856–1860

This case study illustrates how a diverse array of domestic and foreign currencies satisfied the money demands of the many interregional and international trade circuits articulated around New Orleans (the most important Southern port of trade) right before the American Civil War. It also explores how the plurality of currencies provided liquidity when it was the most needed, especially during and after the panic of 1857, through adjustments of currency exchange rates. Discounts and premiums of state banknotes provide information about the patterns of spatial division of labor and the imbalanced regional specialization of the American economy right before the Civil War. The nominal exchange rates of foreign currencies in New Orleans such as the British sterling pound, the French franc, the Austrian thaler, the Mexican peso, the Spanish and the Spanish American “patriot” doubloons inform our understanding of the integration of the American slaveholding, staple-exporting South to the world economy of the long nineteenth century.
Statistically Guided Development of Laser-Assisted Cold Spray for Microstructural Control of Ti-6Al-4V

Laser-assisted cold spray (LACS) was used to deposit Ti-6Al-4V powders onto Ti-6Al-4V substrates using nitrogen as a carrier gas. An L25 orthogonal array was created with three parameters independent of particle velocity considered thus to be the independent thermal parameters (ITPs) of LACS: powder feed rate, raster speed, and laser power. A signal-to-noise analysis of the influence of the ITPs on porosity, microhardness, and expected thickness was performed revealing that optimum parameter selection is highly dependent on the targeted property, with the ITPs having the largest influence on porosity. Additional bulk trials (>2.5 mm thick) were deposited using parameters of interest from the orthogonal study. These scaled trials demonstrate that it is possible to produce deposits of Ti-6Al-4V via LACS using nitrogen as a carrier gas with porosity less than 1 pct, which is comparable with values described in literature for more expensive helium-based cold spray of Ti-6Al-4V. Additionally, variation of the ITPs indicates that secondary phases and morphologies can be produced and controlled through the thermomechanical treatment caused in situ to LACS.
Characterization of Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Mixtures with Minimum Strain Rate, LVECD Program, and Triaxial Stress Sweep Test

The rutting resistance of asphalt concrete is typically assessed by using flow number tests in the lab in accordance with AASHTO TP 79. However, the flow number represents the rutting resistance of the material with regard to ranking for only a specific test condition. A significant amount of testing effort is needed to evaluate rutting resistance by using the flow number test under various loading conditions and temperatures. Therefore, researchers have developed alternative test methods to reduce the testing effort. For example, the incremental repeated-load permanent deformation test and the triaxial stress sweep (TSS) test are two promising protocols that can predict the permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures efficiently and accurately. This study compares the minimum strain rates (MSRs) obtained from incremental repeated-load permanent deformation and TSS tests to examine the ability of the TSS test to analyze the MSRs of asphalt mixtures. In addition, the viscoplastic shift model calibrated from ...
Ubiquitinated proteins promote the association of proteasomes with the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp14 and the ubiquitin ligase Ube3c.

In mammalian cells, the 26S proteasomes vary in composition. In addition to the standard 28 subunits in the 20S core particle and 19 subunits in each 19S regulatory particle, a small fraction (about 10–20% in our preparations) also contains the deubiquitinating enzyme Usp14/Ubp6, which regulates proteasome activity, and the ubiquitin ligase, Ube3c/Hul5, which enhances proteasomal processivity. When degradation of ubiquitinated proteins in cells was inhibited, levels of Usp14 and Ube3c on proteasomes increased within minutes. Conversely, when protein ubiquitination was prevented, or when purified proteasomes hydrolyzed the associated ubiquitin conjugates, Usp14 and Ube3c dissociated rapidly (unlike other 26S subunits), but the inhibitor ubiquitin aldehyde slowed their dissociation. Recombinant Usp14 associated with purified proteasomes preferentially if they contained ubiquitin conjugates. In cells or extracts, adding Usp14 inhibitors (IU-1 or ubiquitin aldehyde) enhanced Usp14 and Ube3c binding further. Thus, in the substrate- or the inhibitor-bound conformations, Usp14 showed higher affinity for proteasomes and surprisingly enhanced Ube3c binding. Moreover, adding ubiquitinated proteins to cell extracts stimulated proteasome binding of both enzymes. Thus, Usp14 and Ube3c cycle together on and off proteasomes, and the presence of ubiquitinated substrates promotes their association. This mechanism enables proteasome activity to adapt to the supply of substrates.
BT-gate: a Subject Gateway of Biotechnology

The major task involved in the operations of subject gateways is providing access to the quality information on the Internet. Subject experts and information specialists must be employed in developing the subject gateways, since locating the relevant and most appropriate information resources over the WWW is not at all an easy job. This paper discusses brief background of subject gateways and development of BT-Gate. In further, it focuses on online electronic resources like e-books, e-journals, databases and glossaries available in the filed of biotechnology covered in BT-Gate and their subject-wise distribution. These electronic resources are compiled and linked in URL: http://biotechnologygateway.googlepages.com/index.html
Regional ecologies of entrepreneurship

Why do some regions produce more entrepreneurs than others? An ecological lens provides insight into this question: The demography of organizations in a region—particularly the proportion of small and young employers—shapes many aspects of the environment for would-be entrepreneurs: (i) beliefs about the desirability of founding a firm, (ii) opportunities to learn about entrepreneurship and to build the abilities needed to succeed and (iii) the ease of acquiring critical resources. Births of new industries and the demise of mature ones can therefore catalyze rapid changes in the rates of entrepreneurship that become self-reinforcing.
THU0654 The influence of risk presentation format on willingness to start a medication

Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently refuse to escalate care because they overweight the probability of adverse events. Effectively communicating risk information to patients is difficult. Several approaches have been developed to facilitate comparative risks; however, recent data suggest that current approaches have a limited impact on risk perceptions and willingness to take medication. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine whether an icon array (IA), an illustration of the gist of how medications regulate the immune system (a series of balance beams), or both influence willingness to start a medication. Methods Patients with a rheumatic disease were mailed a survey in which they were asked to imagine that their symptoms had worsened and that their physician was recommending a new medication. We varied the probability of an adverse event (pneumonia requiring hospitalization): 2% or 0.2%, and the risk presentation format: numbers, numbers + IA, numbers + balance beams (BB), or numbers + both. Route of administration, benefit, and cost were held constant. Each subject responded to a single, randomly-assigned scenario. We controlled for socioeconomic status (SES), using a variable including both difficulty paying for medications as well as education, in a full-factorial model testing willingness to take the medication (measured on a 5-point scale). Results Of 1453 surveys, 465 patients completed the survey. Overall, the mean (SD) age was 59.0 (14.8); 79.7% were female; 83.2% White and 39.1% were classified as having low SES. There were no statistical differences in patient characteristics across the risk presentation formats. Willingness to start the medication was predicted by the interaction between the risk presentation format and SES (F =2.9, p=0.03). Willingness by SES status is described in the Figure 1. Among low SES subjects, addition of an IA did not affect willingness compared to the numbers-only format. In contrast, addition of BB (mean difference =0.47, p=0.07), or both IA and BB increased willingness (mean difference =0.48, p=0.04). Among high SES subjects, addition of an IA or BB or both did not influence willingness compared to the numbers only format. However, both formats including an IA increased willingness compared to the BB format among high SES subjects (mean difference IA vs BB = 0.53, p=0.01; mean difference IA vs IA + BB = 0.48, p=0.02). Conclusions SES affects how subjects respond to risk presentation formats. IA marginally increases willingness in high SES subjects, while BB increases willingness in low SES subjects; when both IA and BB are present, SES differences disappear. BB, when not accompanied by an IA, may decrease willingness in high SES subjects. These results demonstrate the differential effects of risk presentation formats, and highlight the need to identify mechanisms underlying their effects when implementing decision-support tools. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Teaching Empathy: the Implementation of a Video Game into a Psychiatry Clerkship Curriculum.

Empathy plays an important role for physicians, but the literature demonstrates that it often deteriorates during medical school. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of the interactive video game “That Dragon, Cancer” as a tool to teach empathy to third-year medical students. The authors gave a modified, Jefferson Scales of Physician Empathy (JSPE) to 84 third-year medical students in their psychiatry clerkship before and after they played and completed “That Dragon, Cancer” during the 2016–2017 academic calendar year. The average level of empathy in the students as measured by least squares means of the answers to the truncated JSPE improved after playing through “That Dragon, Cancer” (5.7738 vs 6.2322, p < 0.0001). The majority of students agreed that learning empathy through video games was preferable and more effective than traditional didactics. Interactive video games such as “That Dragon, Cancer” may be useful as part of innovative curricula to improve empathy among third-year medical students.
Dipole Radiation and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves

In this chapter we consider scattering of an electromagnetic wave on a free charged particle — a process often referred to as Thomson scattering. This interaction induces a damping force on the charged particle called the radiation reaction force, which maintains the energy balance. Additionally, the radiation exerts another force in the direction of propagation called the light pressure, which is responsible for conserving the combined momentum of the particles and fields. We also briefly discuss inverse Compton scattering off a point charge moving with a relativistic velocity.
Trauma Informed Practice and Care: Implications for Field Instruction

This article summarizes the evolution in thinking about trauma and its impact on those who have experienced it. The nature of trauma-informed (TI) practice and care and implications for field instruction are then explained. This discussion is based upon the assumption that skills of social work field instruction that already have an evidence base lay the foundation for TI field instruction. Composite case examples drawn from the author’s experiences as a field liaison, a practitioner who works with trauma survivors, and an instructor in the generalist practice curriculum illustrate methods and skills of field instruction from a trauma informed perspective.
Treatment of Parasomnias

This article focuses on the treatment modalities of childhood and adult parasomnias. The prevalence, clinical course, and diagnostic evaluations relevant to parasomnias are described in detail in other sections. This article, instead, first highlights common treatment considerations applicable to most parasomnias, and then describes additional considerations for specific parasomnias. While the focus of this article is on evidence-based treatments for parasomnias in adults, typically the same general therapeutic approaches may be modified and applied as age- and developmentally appropriate treatments in children, as few therapeutic trials exist for childhood parasomnias. Treatment options are reviewed for disorders of arousal from nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, parasomnias usually associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and other parasomnias as outlined by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders , second edition (ICSD-2). The American Academy of Sleep Medicine designates committees to review treatments for sleep disorders and publish their findings as guidelines for clinicians. A selection of the available evidence-based reviews and practice parameters can be accessed at http://www.aasmnet.org/PracticeParameters.aspx . Specific to this article, Best Practice Guides are available for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults and treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder.
Mechanisms and Regulation of Normal and Pathologic Demineralization

Organisms use mineralization for structure and storage. Physiologic demineralization may occur because the stored minerals are needed to serve as buffers, to supply soft tissues, or to remodel the structure. These processes are largely carried out by cells which are under the control of systemic hormones or local factors. Pathologic demineralization can occur as the consequence of excess of such hormones or factors, abnormal demands on mineral stores, as in calcium or phosphate deficiency or acidosis, proliferation of abnormal demineralizing cells or exogenous agents such as bacteria. Mineralized tissues also contain an organic matrix, and this may have to be removed to provide access to the mineral. Although many factors which affect demineralization have been identified, and the cells involved have been described in detail, the precise biochemical mechanisms are largely unknown.
“I felt like there would be a vast sky out there” The leaving home decisions of Chinese migrant women workers.

This study examined how migration decisions are made in the context of development during emerging adulthood. Thirty-two Chinese migrant women workers aged 18–29 years were individually interviewed...
Activist in (teacher) training: Educator training programs need to do their part:

In Trump’s America, the profession of education is under attack. The privatization of public schools and the deprofessionalization of professional teachers has become even more dire than in the pas...
Multiple sources of Shh are critical for the generation and scaling of ventral spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursor populations

Abstract Graded Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling emanating from notochord and floorplate patterns the early neural tube. Soon thereafter, Shh signaling strength within the ventricular zone becomes dis-contiguous and discontinuous along the ventral to dorsal axis suggesting a distribution of Shh that cannot be achieved by diffusion alone. Here we discover that sequential activation of Shh expression by ventricular zone derivatives is critical for counteracting a precocious exhaustion of the Olig2 precursor cell population of the pMN domain at the end of motor neuron genesis and during the subsequent phase of ventral oligodendrocyte precursor production. Selective expression of Shh by motor neurons of the lateral motor column at the beginning of oligodendrogenesis ensures a more yielding pMN domain at limb levels compared to thoracic levels. Thus, patterned expression of Shh by ventricular zone derivatives including earlier born neurons contributes to the scaling of the spinal cord along the anterior - posterior axis by regulating the activity of a select ventricular zone precursor domain at later stages of development.
On Submodularity of Quadratic Observation Selection in Constrained Networked Sensing Systems

We study the problem of observation selection in a resource-constrained networked sensing system, where the objective is to select a small subset of observations from a large network to perform a state estimation task. When the measurements are gathered using nonlinear systems, majority of prior work resort to approximation techniques such as linearization of the measurement model to utilize the methods developed for linear models, e.g., (weak) submodular objectives and greedy selection schemes. In contrast, when the measurement model is quadratic, e.g., the range measurements in a radar system, by exploiting a connection to the classical Van Trees' inequality, we derive new optimality criteria without distorting the relational structure of the measurement model. We further show that under certain conditions these optimality criteria are monotone and (weak) submodular set functions. These results enable us to develop an efficient greedy observation selection algorithm uniquely tailored for constrained networked sensing systems following quadratic models and provide theoretical bounds on its achievable utility. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate efficacy of the proposed framework.
Genetic stability of a Newcastle disease virus vectored infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine after serial passages in chicken embryos.

Abstract Previously, we have demonstrated that the recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) glycoprotein D (gD) conferred protection against both virulent NDV and ILTV challenges in chickens. In this study, we evaluated the genetic stability of the recombinant vaccine after eight serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). The vaccine master seed virus at the original egg-passage level 3 (EP3) was diluted and passaged in three separate repetitions (A, B and C) in ECE eight times (EP4 to EP11). RT-PCR analysis of the vaccine seed and egg-passaged virus stocks showed that there was no detectable insertion/deletion in the ILTV gD insert region. Next-generation sequencing analysis of the EP3 and EP11 virus stocks confirmed their genome integrity and revealed a total of thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, none of these SNPs were located in the ILTV gD insert or any of the known critical biological determinant positions. Virological and immunofluorescent assays provided additional evidence that the EP11 virus stocks retained their growth kinetics, low pathogenicity, and robust level of gD expression comparable to that of the vaccine master seed virus. This indicated that the SNPs were non-detrimental sporadic mutations. These results demonstrated that the insertion of ILTV gD gene into the NDV LaSota backbone did not significantly affect the genetic stability of the recombinant virus and that the rLS/ILTV-gD virus is a safe and genetically stable vaccine candidate after at least eight serial passages in ECE.
The Mortality of Periviable and Extremely Premature Infants and Their Impact on the Overall Neonatal Mortality Rate.

To investigate mortality in periviable neonates ≤23 weeks gestational age and calculate its impact on overall neonatal mortality rate over a 12-year period (1998–2009). Verify if periviable mortality decreased in the period (2010–2015). Retrospective review. Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births was 11.4. Three hundred forty-nine live birth infants weighed ≤500 g and 336 died. Their proportion to the total neonatal mortality rate was 48.6%; out of 298 periviables 146 (43%) were ≤20 weeks gestational age. In 269 (80%) we could not determine the cause of death. Two hundred ninety-seven neonates (88.3%) died in the delivery room. Sixteen (5%) had an autopsy. Neonatal mortality rate from periviability was 96.2% and constituted half of the overall rate in the period (1998–2009). There was not significant reduction of periviable mortality between 2010 and 2015. Current live birth definition and a reporting system that considers a 100 g periviable live birth infant as a neonatal death has placed Ohio and the United States at a significant disadvantage compared to other countries using different reporting systems.
Exploring the coronavirus pandemic with the WashU Virus Genome Browser.

The WashU Virus Genome Browser is a web-based portal for efficient visualization of viral ‘omics’ data in the context of a variety of annotation tracks and host infection responses. The browser features both a phylogenetic-tree-based view and a genomic-coordinate, track-based view in which users can analyze the sequence features of viral genomes, sequence diversity among viral strains, genomic sites of diagnostic tests, predicted immunogenic epitopes and a continuously updated repository of publicly available genomic datasets.
Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of dislocation mechanism in dual mobility total hip arthroplasty constructs.

Dual mobility (DM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with reduced dislocation rates; however, the kinematic mechanism of dislocation in DM THA constructs is still not well understood. This study hypothesizes that the difference in kinematics between DM THA and conventional THA designs contributes to reduced dislocation rates of DM THA. In addition, this study aims to quantify and compare those kinematic parameters between DM THA and conventional THA using a validated dual fluoroscopy imaging system (DFIS) and finite element (FE) modelling. Fresh frozen cadavers were measured to compare the impingement-free range of motion and provocative subluxation kinematics among three THA constructs: (1) DM, (2) constrained liner (CS), and (3) 36 mm head diameter neutral liner (NL). The DFIS was used to measure the in vitro kinematics of the hip. Subject-specific FE models were developed to assess the horizontal dislocation distance and resistive torque at dislocation. The DM construct head exhibited increased provocative anterior and posterior subluxation range of motion before dislocation when compared to CS constructs (p = .05; p = .03), as well as NL constructs (p = .05). The DM THA showed a significantly larger posterior horizontal dislocation distance, as well as smaller resistive torque at dislocation, when compared to NL (p = .05; p = .03) and CS constructs (p = .04; p = .01). Our findings demonstrate there was increased provocative subluxation range of motion as well as normalized jump distance for the DM constructs compared to the NL and CS constructs, suggesting the DM THA may provide increased stability hip during at-risk functional hip positions.
Fundamental relations for anomalous thermoelectric transport coefficients in the nonlinear regime

The authors predict the nonlinear anomalous thermal Hall effect for time-reversal symmetry invariant but inversion broken systems.
In vivo intervertebral disc deformation: intratissue strain patterns within adjacent discs during flexion-extension

The biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a critical indicator of tissue health and pathology. The mechanical responses (displacements, strain) of the IVD to physiologic movement can be spatially complex and depend on tissue architecture, consisting of distinct compositional regions and integrity; however, IVD biomechanics are predominately uncharacterized in vivo. Here, we measured voxel-level displacement and strain patterns in adjacent IVDs in vivo by coupling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with cyclic motion of the cervical spine. Across adjacent disc segments, cervical flexion-extension of 10° resulted in first principal and maximum shear strains approaching 10%. Intratissue spatial analysis of the cervical IVDs, not possible with conventional techniques, revealed elevated maximum shear strains located in the posterior disc (nucleus pulposus) regions. IVD structure, based on relaxometric patterns of T2 and T1ρ images, did not correlate spatially with functional metrics of strain. Our approach enables a comprehensive IVD biomechanical analysis of voxel-level, intratissue strain patterns in adjacent discs in vivo, which are largely independent of MRI relaxometry. The spatial mapping of IVD biomechanics in vivo provides a functional assessment of adjacent IVDs in subjects, and provides foundational biomarkers for elastography, differentiation of disease state, and evaluation of treatment efficacy.
RIP-seq reveals LINE-1 ORF1p association with p-body enriched mRNAs.

Long INterspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) is an autonomous retroelement able to “copy-and-paste” itself into new loci of the host genome through a process called retrotransposition. The LINE-1 bicistronic mRNA codes for two proteins, ORF1p, a nucleic acid chaperone, and ORF2p, a protein with endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activity. Both proteins bind LINE-1 mRNA in cis and are necessary for retrotransposition. While LINE-1 transcription is usually repressed in most healthy somatic cells through a plethora of mechanisms, ORF1p expression has been observed in nearly 50% of tumors, and new LINE-1 insertions have been documented in a similar fraction of tumors, including prostate cancer. Here, we utilized RNA ImmunoPrecipitation (RIP) and the L1EM analysis software to identify ORF1p bound RNA in prostate cancer cells. We identified LINE-1 loci that were expressed in parental androgen sensitive and androgen independent clonal derivatives. In all androgen independent cells, we found higher levels of LINE-1 RNA, as well as unique expression patterns of LINE-1 loci. Interestingly, we observed that ORF1p bound many non-LINE-1 mRNA in all prostate cancer cell lines evaluated, and polyA RNA, and RNA localized in p-bodies were especially enriched. Furthermore, the expression levels of RNAs identified in our ORF1p RIP correlated with RNAs expressed in LINE-1 positive tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our results show a significant remodeling of LINE-1 loci expression in androgen independent cell lines when compared to parental androgen dependent cells. Additionally, we found that ORF1p bound a significant amount of non-LINE-1 mRNA, and that the enriched ORF1p bound mRNAs are also amplified in LINE-1 expressing TCGA prostate tumors, indicating the biological relevance of our findings to prostate cancer.
A new pycnodont specimen (Actinopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA, confirming the bony fish genus Macropycnodon as a junior synonym of Acrotemnus

Abstract Pycnodonts are an extinct group of bony fishes with crushing dentitions suited to feed on shelled macroinvertebrates. In this paper, we describe a partial skeleton of a large pycnodont collected from the middle Turonian portion of the Boquillas Formation within Big Bend National Park in Brewster County, Texas, USA. The specimen that includes the vomerine and both prearticular tooth plates was determined to taxonomically belong to the genus Macropycnodon, or possibly conspecific with M. streckeri (Hibbard) that is previously known only from a vomerine tooth plate. The complete set of dentition allowed us to support a previous study suggesting that the genus Macropycnodon is a junior synonym of Acrotemnus Agassiz, where the genus is now known from at least four species confined to the Turonian: 1) A. faba (UK); 2) A. streckeri (USA); 3) A. megafrendodon (USA); and 4) an unnamed species of Acrotemnus (Nigeria). The new specimen from Texas is here conservatively referred to as Acrotemnus cf. A. streckeri, and based on the size of the left cleithrum preserved in the specimen, the individual is estimated to be about 1.3 m in total length. Acrotemnus spp. collectively represent a group of large pycnodont fishes that inhabited the seas directly connected to the Tethys Ocean during the Turonian.
A Supply and Demand Exposition of a Constitutional Tax Loophole: The Case of Tariff Symmetry

The U.S. Constitution permits import tariffs but bans export duties. Yet import taxes are de facto export taxes, just as export taxes are de facto import taxes. Access to this symmetry proposition has been limited by its illustration being in daunting analytics largely restricted to international economics. This is unfortunate. Tariff symmetry exposes a tax loophole of constitutional proportions, a case where economics “trumps” the intentions of America's Founding Fathers. Moreover, tariff revenue was the U.S. government's pivotal revenue source from 1789 until the 1913 constitutional sanctioning of the income tax. Because U.S. exports were heavily agricultural, tariff symmetry implies that federal taxation had an export dimension with disparate economic and regional consequences. By making tariff symmetry more accessible, this paper lowers the “cost” of examining important issues.
4/spl times/4 reconfigurable optical interconnection network using beam-steering vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Summary form only given. In conclusion, a monolithically integrated 4/spl times/4 reconfigurable optical interconnection network has been demonstrated using arrays of beam-steering vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). This approach eliminates the need of bulk optical components and critical alignment, and can greatly reduce the volume of optical interconnect for massively parallel processors.
A 3 omega method to measure an arbitrary anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor

Previous use of the 3 omega method has been limited to materials with thermal conductivity tensors that are either isotropic or have their principal axes aligned with the natural cartesian coordinate system defined by the heater line and sample surface. Here, we consider the more general case of an anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor with finite off-diagonal terms in this coordinate system. An exact closed form solution for surface temperature has been found for the case of an ideal 3 omega heater line of finite width and infinite length, and verified numerically. We find that the common slope method of data processing yields the determinant of the thermal conductivity tensor, which is invariant upon rotation about the heater line’s axis. Following this analytic result, an experimental scheme is proposed to isolate the thermal conductivity tensor elements. Using two heater lines and a known volumetric heat capacity, the arbitrary 2-dimensional anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor can be measured with a low frequency sweep. Four heater lines would be required to extend this method to measure all 6 unknown tensor elements in 3 dimensions. Experiments with anisotropic layered mica are carried out to demonstrate the analytical results.
Stable isotope ratios of tap water in the contiguous United States

[1] Understanding links between water consumers and climatological (precipitation) sources is essential for developing strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of water supplies. In pursing this understanding a need exists for tools to study and monitor complex human-hydrological systems that involve high levels of spatial connectivity and supply problems that are regional, rather than local, in nature. Here we report the first national-level survey of stable isotope ratios in tap water, including spatially and temporally explicit samples from a large number of cities and towns across the contiguous United States. We show that intra-annual ranges of tap water isotope ratios are relatively small (e.g., <10‰ for δ2H) at most sites. In contrast, spatial variation in tap water isotope ratios is very large, spanning ranges of 163‰ for δ2H and 23.6‰ for δ18O. The spatial distribution of tap water isotope ratios at the national level is similar to that of stable isotope ratios of precipitation. At the regional level, however, pervasive differences between tap water and precipitation isotope ratios can be attributed to hydrological factors in the water source to consumer chain. These patterns highlight the potential for monitoring of tap water isotope ratios to contribute to the study of regional water supply stability and provide warning signals for impending water resource changes. We present the first published maps of predicted tap water isotope ratios for the contiguous United States, which will be useful in guiding future research on human-hydrological systems and as a tool for applied forensics and traceability studies.
Soy-Based Diet Exacerbates Seizures in Mouse Models of Neurological Disease

Seizures are a common phenotype in many neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, and fragile X syndrome. Mouse models of these disorders overexpress amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and amyloid-β (Aβ) and are highly susceptible to audiogenic-induced seizures (AGS). We observed decreased AGS in these mice fed a casein-based, purified diet (D07030301) as opposed to a standard soy protein-containing, non-purified diet (Purina 5015). Our objective in this manuscript was to determine if soy protein, and in particular soy isoflavones, in the Purina 5015 were contributing to the seizure phenotype. Wild running, AGS, and death rates were assessed in juvenile mice fed Purina 5015, D07030301, D07030301 containing soy protein, or D07030301 supplemented with individual isoflavones (750 mg/kg daidzein or genistein). A short treatment (3 days) with Purina 5015 induced wild running and AGS in Alzheimer's disease mice. A 3-day treatment with daidzein-supplemented diet, but not genistein, induced wild running in wild type mice. To understand the mechanism underlying daidzein activity, we assessed dendritic AβPP expression in primary, cultured, wild type neurons treated with daidzein or genistein. In vitro, daidzein significantly increased dendritic AβPP. Thus, the soy isoflavone daidzein recapitulated seizure induction in vivo and altered AβPP expression in vitro. These results have important implications for individuals on soy-based diets as well as for rodent model research.
Mutations Enhancing Amino Acid Catabolism Confer a Growth Advantage in Stationary Phase

Starved cultures of Escherichia coli undergo successive rounds of population takeovers by mutants of increasing fitness. These mutants express the growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenotype. Previous work identified the rpoS819 allele as a GASP mutation allowing cells to take over stationary-phase cultures after growth in rich media (M. M. Zambrano, D. A. Siegele, M. A. Almiron, A. Tormo, and R. Kolter, Science 259:1757-1760, 1993). Here we have identified three new GASP loci from an aged rpoS819 strain: sgaA, sgaB, and sgaC. Each locus is capable of conferring GASP on the rpoS819 parent, and they can provide successively higher fitnesses for the bacteria in the starved cultures. All four GASP mutations isolated thus far allow for faster growth on both individual and mixtures of amino acids. Each mutation confers a growth advantage on a different subset of amino acids, and these mutations act in concert to increase the overall catabolic capacity of the cell. We present a model whereby this enhanced ability to catabolize amino acids is responsible for the fitness gain during carbon starvation, as it may allow GASP mutants to outcompete the parental cells when growing on the amino acids released by dying cells.
Screen printing: a technology for partitioning integrated microsensor processing

Potentiometric chemical sensors are presented as a case study in the use of screen printing for process partitioning. After CMOS processing, the authors print silver epoxy over the openings in the overglass layer to the aluminum input pads; the silver forms a stable chemical interface to the membranes, and the epoxy forms a strong physical bond to them. The screen-printed silver epoxy allows the use of conventional aluminum metallization in the microelectronic circuits. The polymeric membranes are applied and patterned with screen printing. Membranes of different compositions can be deposited on the various sites of a multisensor chip by simply repositioning the mask and repeating the screen print/cure cycle. There is no cross-contamination of membranes. >
Imagining a Future in PreK: How Professional Identity Shapes Notions of Early Mathematics.

This article describes how early childhood teachers engaged in a public preK professional development program. We examine how developing teacher identities mediated engagement with the discourses of developmentally appropriate practice, early mathematics, and funds of knowledge and how they connected present practice to an imagined future. We found that helping them to connect practice experience and new mathematical content knowledge through play allowed them to envision a meaningful place for math with young children.
Embryogenesis of the inferior olivary nucleus in the rat: a radioautographic study and a re-evaluation of the rhombic lip.

Interkinetic nuclear migrations studied by redioautography in the medullar neuroepithelium of the 14-day rat embryo are similar to those in other areas of the neuraxis in other species. The cell cycle lasts approximately 12 hours. Olivary neurons are produced along the length of the alar plate on embryonic days 14 and 15, mostly on day 14. Between 36 and 48 hours after injection of thymidine- H3, labeled cells migrate into the mantle layer and are more concentrated in the alar lamina than in the basal lamina. The olivary primordium appears in the ventromedial medulla on day 17 and is almost mature by day 21. Labeled neurons in the alar lamina migrate to the primordium in two bands, the marginal and the submarginal migration strands. From these strands, labeled cells move into the ventrolateral and ventromedial portions of the olivary complex, Newly arrived neurons push the existing cells dorsally. By embryonic day 21, as proliferation of cells in the neuroepithelium ceases, the migration strands disappear, and the olive in fully formed. In the series injected on day 14, heavily labeled neurons become located dorsally in the medial accessory, dorsal accessory and principal nucleus; lightly labeled cells are found in the ventral half of the complex. In the series injected on day 15, labeled cells are found only in the ventral portions of the olive, in the medial accessory nucleus. His described 2 rhombic lips. The first may be an artifact. The second is not seen in the medulla of the rat. If the term is used for any species, it is best viewed as the lateral part of the alar plate.