cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Basis set effects and the choice of reference geometry in ab initio calculations of vibrational spectra

Tatewaki and Huzinaga's [J. Comput. Chem. 1, 205 (1980)] basis sets, constructed to minimize superposition error, were used to calculate infrared (IR) frequencies and intensities. They were found inferior to Pople bases such as 3–21G and 6–31G*. The question of whether a theoretical vibrational spectrum should be computed at experimental or theoretical bond lengths was also investigated. If the magnitude of the correlation energy increases with bond length, Hartree-Fock bond lengths are expected to be shorter than experimental, and frequencies computed there will be higher than those computed at experimental lengths. Conversely, if this magnitude decreases with R, computed lengths should be longer than experimental and should give lower computed frequencies.
Submarine valleys in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska: Characteristics and probable origin

Abstract The continental shelf of the northeastern Gulf of Alaska Between Prince William Sound and Cross Sound is cut by at least eight major valleys. From west to east, these are Hinchinbrook Seavalley, Egg Island Trough, Kayak Trough, Bering Trough, Pamplona Troughs, Yakutat Valley, Alsek Valley and Yakobi Valley. Evidence common to most of these troughs or valleys indicating that the present morphology is due to glacial processes includes: (1) a pre-Holocene subbottom erosional surface incised into the underlying lithified strata of the shelf; (2) U-shaped cross sections, both at the sea floor and at the pre-Holocene erosional surface; (3) concave longitudinal sections, commonly shoaling at the seaward end; (4) till-like sediments collected from the walls or outer shelf adjacent to the troughs; and (5) seismic stratigraphy that can be correlated with bottom samples indicative of glacially derived strata. Depressions with tens of meters of relief are present on the pre-Holocene subbottom erosional surface beneath most of these valleys. These depressions have been partially filled by a seaward-thinning wedge of Holocene glacial flour (clayey silt) that is filling the valleys and blanketing the inner shelf at rates as high as 15 mm/yr (based on 210 Pb measurements). Although glaciation played a dominant role in the modern morphology of these sea valleys, structural features, including structurally controlled topographic highs on the shelf (e.g. Tarr Bank, Kayak Island, Pamplona Spur and Fairweather Ground) influenced the flow directions of the glacial lobes.
Association between Sexual Behaviors, Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation in a National Sample of High School Students: Implications of a Sexual Double Standard

PURPOSE: The sexual double standard is the notion that women are more harshly judged for their sexual behaviors than men. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the sexual double standard could explain gender differences in bullying victimization among adolescents and the extent to which that relationship correlated with depression and suicidal ideation. METHODS: Analyses were conducted using a sample of high school students (n = 13,065) from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional and national school-based survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were assessed using multiple logistic regression, gender-stratified analyses, and interaction terms. FINDINGS: Students who engaged in sexual intercourse (sexually active) had higher odds of being bullied. When this association was stratified by gender, odds of being bullying increased for girls (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.58-2.13) and decreased for boys (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77-1.16). Sexually active students who were bullied also displayed more than five times (OR, 5.65; 95% CI, 4.71-6.78) the adjusted odds of depression and three times (adjusted OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.65-4.32) the adjusted odds of suicidal ideation compared with students who reported neither of those behavioral characteristics. When stratified by gender, girls had slightly higher odds of depression and suicidal ideation but overall, the odds remained strong for both genders. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide some evidence that a sexual double standard exists and may play a prominent role in bullying victimization among girls. Therefore, addressing the sexual double may be important to consider when tailoring school bullying intervention programs. Language: en
Current Trends in Robot-Assisted Upper-Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: Promoting Patient Engagement in Therapy

Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability today; therefore, many research efforts are focused on designing maximally effective and efficient treatment methods. In particular, robotic stroke rehabilitation has received significant attention for upper-limb therapy due to its ability to provide high-intensity repetitive movement therapy with less effort than would be required for traditional methods. Recent research has focused on increasing patient engagement in therapy, which has been shown to be important for inducing neural plasticity to facilitate recovery. Robotic therapy devices enable unique methods for promoting patient engagement by providing assistance only as needed and by detecting patient movement intent to drive to the device. Use of these methods has demonstrated improvements in functional outcomes, but careful comparisons between methods remain to be done. Future work should include controlled clinical trials and comparisons of effectiveness of different methods for patients with different abilities and needs in order to inform future development of patient-specific therapeutic protocols.
Student‐written Case Studies: The Benefits to the Internal Audit Curriculum

Examines the usefulness of the case study method in the college classroom. Advocates the preparation of these cases from real‐life situations and their subsequent discussion. Suggests that this approach capitalizes on the strengths of analysing internal audit cases, and reveals some of the drawbacks of case studies. Analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the case study method. Concludes that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
A simple construction of virtually free Abelian triangles of finite groups

Abstract A virtually torsion free, non-positively curved polygon of finite groups has virtual cohomological dimension two. In this paper, the assumption of non-positive curvature is dropped, and a simple construction is used to obtain a triangle of finite groups which is virtually Z k ,2 .
Lipid Research Picks Up Speed on the Slopes of Taos

The 2002 Keystone Symposium on "Regulation of Cellular Responses by Lipid Mediators" provided a lively and active forum to discuss research in lipid signaling. This meeting review can provide only a glimpse into the diversity of research presented. Here we have chosen to highlight a group of exciting presentations describing novel features of the temporal and spatial regulation of phosphoinositides and their downstream targets.
Global account management: a supply-side managerial view

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a theory-based explanation for the adaptive variations in a supply manager's role within a global account management (GAM) relationship. The variations in a supply-side manager's role are explained using a combined knowledge-based view and relational contracting theoretical perspective. The demands of the global customer, which constrain the supply managers' role adaptation, present a unique set of challenges to organizations supplying in global accounts. The new managerial competencies, required for effective global account supply management under global customer's constraints, are described. In conclusion, specific managerial actions are recommended for effective global account supply management, which are intended to engender the development of trust and social capital in the global customer–supplier relationship.
Embodied cognition and health persuasion: Facilitating intention–behavior consistency via motor manipulations

Abstract The present research examines health persuasion from an embodied cognition perspective by proposing that engaging the motor system during health persuasion will lead individuals to engage in healthier behavior and have greater consistency between their intentions and behavior. In two studies, participants watched a health video while either imaging themselves performing the behavior or imaging themselves performing the behavior while also engaging their motor systems with minimal, relevant behaviors. In Study 1, after watching a flossing video, females (but not males) flossed more times in the following week after touching a floss and in Study 2, all participants (males and females) exercised more in the week after watching an exercise video while walking in place. In both experiments, participants who engaged the motor system had stronger intention–behavior consistency than those who merely imagined themselves performing the health behavior. Implications of the findings are discussed for theories of embodied cognition, intention–behavior consistency, and health persuasion.
Flumethasone delays or prevents estrus in ovariectomized and intact heifers given Syncro-Mate B®

Abstract This study was conducted to determine if a glucocorticoid (flumethasone) affects the expression of behavioral estrus in heifers given Syncro-Mate B (SMB). Ten ovariectomized heifers and 10 intact cyclic heifers were given the SMB treatment. The ovariectomized heifer trial was replicated 4 times and the intact heifer trial twice. The SMB treatment involved giving an injection containing 3 mg norgestomet and 5 mg estradiol valerate (EV). An implant containing 6 mg norgestomet was placed subcutaneously under the outer surface of one ear at the time of injection and was removed 9 d later. At the time of implant removal, half of the heifers in each replicate were given 5 mg of flumethasone. Heifers were checked for estrus, and blood was collected and measured for estradiol-17β (E 2 ) concentration every 8 h for 72 h after implant removal. Flumethasone reduced (P = 0.06) the number of intact (100 versus 70%) and ovariectomized heifers (65 versus 35%) that exhibited estrus. Heifers that exhibited estrus after treatment with flumethasone did so later than controls in both the intact (42 ± 3 h versus 36 ± 2 h; P=0.11) and the ovariectomized (53 ± 3 versus 40 ± 2%; P 2 in intact or ovariectomized heifers. Apparently, flumethasone suppresses or delays the expression of estrus in most treated heifers. However, the effect is not caused by mechanisms at the ovarian level or by decreased concentrations of E 2 in the serum.
Visible and infrared spectra of matrix-isolated perylene cations

Abstract Perylene radical cations have been produced via low-energy electron impact of a vapor phase mixture of perylene, argon and carbon tetrachloride. The cations have been trapped and stabilized in an argon matrix at 12K in sufficient quantities to observe their infrared (and visible) absorption spectra. A strong green (534 nm) electronic absorption band, previously produced by γ-irradiation of perylene in an s -butylchloride matrix (77 K), has been ascribed to the perylene cation. A positive correlation has been found between this band and the newly observed infrared bands at 1128, 1318, 1346, 1349, and 1551 cm −1 . The integrated intensities of these and other bands, assigned tothe perylene cation, have been measured and are discussed in light of the recent suggestion that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the carriers of the unidentified infrared emission bands observed from interstellar space.
Permeability of Two-Component Granular Materials

We expanded an existing model for permeability in mudrocks and shaly sands to include computation of effective grain radius and the Archie’s law parameter $$m$$ in granular media composed of two different grain sizes. We found that the effective grain radius is the harmonic mean of the endmember grain radii and that $$m$$ can be computed as the geometric mean of the endmember $$m$$ values. We tested our model with three-dimensional lattice-Boltzmann simulations of flow through dilute and concentrated systems, and with comparison to measurements of laboratory-prepared and natural samples as well as field data. Modeled permeabilities matched the simulated and measured permeabilities over a wide range of porosities, grain sizes, and grain shapes. We additionally found that the model is independent of grain packing and aspect ratio, as these parameters only affect the endmember $$m$$ values. Our predicted permeabilities generally fall within previously determined bounds, and we derive approximations for permeability as a function of endmember permeability for cases when endmember $$m$$ values are equal and when endmember grain radii are very different. Our results advance our understanding of permeability in heterogeneous porous media.
Survival, reproductive output, and transplant potential of Penstemon tubiflorus (tube penstemon)

Survival, reproductive output, and transplant success were studied for an Iowa population of Penstemon tubi- florus (tube penstemon), a species that is rare to uncommon through much of its range. The population was discovered in 2003 and is one of only 6 populations that have been documented in Iowa. I began monitoring the new population when 2 cohorts were permanently marked, the first in 2005 and the second in 2007. I estimated survival, flowering, and reproduc- tive output. Then, I introduced greenhouse-grown transplants to 2 new sites and the original site. Survival data showed that P. tubiflorus is a short-lived perennial (approximately 50% survival after 3 years) with substantial variation in the percentage of individuals that flower in a given year. Recruitment over the 5 years of monitoring varied from zero to 26 individuals per year. Transplant survival was site-specific. However, high survival and robust reproduction output of transplants at one site indicated that there are additional suitable sites near the parent population and suggested that these sites remain unoc- cupied due to limited seed dispersal. While it is unlikely that pollinator limitation is the cause of low reproduction, further study is needed on the pollination syndrome of the Iowa populations of this and other Penstemon species. Future studies should investigate the possibility that the species is limited by site-specific factors that inhibit germination and the survival of small seedlings.
Acrylamide production using encapsulated nitrile hydratase from Pseudonocardia thermophila in a sol–gel matrix

Abstract The cobalt-type nitrile hydratase from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM 3095 ( Pt NHase) was successfully encapsulated in tetramethyl orthosilicate sol–gel matrices to produce a Pt NHase:sol–gel biomaterial. The Pt NHase:sol–gel biomaterial catalyzed the conversion of 600 mM acrylonitrile to acrylamide in 60 min at 35 °C with a yields of >90%. Treatment of the biomaterial with proteases confirmed that the catalytic activity is due to the encapsulated enzyme and not surface bound NHase. The biomaterial retained 50% of its activity after being used for a total of 13 consecutive reactions for the conversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide. The thermostability and long-term storage of the Pt NHase:sol–gel are substantially improved compared to the soluble NHase. Additionally, the biomaterial is significantly more stable at high concentrations of methanol (50% and 70%, v/v) as a co-solvent for the hydration of acrylonitrile than native Pt NHase. These data indicate that Pt NHase:sol–gel biomaterials can be used to develop new synthetic avenues involving nitriles as starting materials given that the conversion of the nitrile moiety to the corresponding amide occurs under mild temperature and pH conditions.
ENZYMATIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AND OIL-INDUCED PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES OBTAINED FROM RABBITS.

Abstract Analyses of lysozyme, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase indicated that extracts of normal rabbit alveolar macrophages contain three to four times more activity of these enzymes than extracts of oil-induced peritoneal macrophages. Histochemical identification of acid phosphatase revealed a similar pattern. Alveolar macrophages exhibited a higher rate of endogenous oxygen consumption than peritoneal macrophages. Glucose stimulated oxygen consumption in alveolar cells but depressed oxygen consumption in peritoneal macrophages. These data suggest that alveolar macrophages and oil-induced peritoneal macrophages are constitutively different in their enzymatic activities.
Effects of temperature on maximum acceleration, deceleration and power output during vertical running in geckos.

SUMMARY We studied performance and kinematics of the diurnal gekkonid lizard Phelsuma dubia while running vertically on a smooth surface at different temperatures. Trials were conducted at 5°C intervals from 15°C to 35°C. High-speed video recordings and digitization were used to obtain measures of instantaneous velocity, acceleration, deceleration and mass-specific power output and maximal values for each were taken as performance measures. Kinematic variables were also obtained from high-speed video recordings and included stride length and duration, step (stance phase) length and duration, and duty factor. Maximal instantaneous velocity, acceleration and deceleration increased by a factor of approximately 1.7 between 15°C and 25°C, and less so (∼1.2×) between 25°C and 35°C. Mass-specific power output was more temperature-sensitive, increasing 2.5× up to 25°C and a further 1.4× above that temperature. Stride length increased 1.5× over the entire temperature interval studied, while stride duration decreased by a factor of 1.9, suggesting that velocity is modulated by changes in both stride length and duration in P. dubia. Duty factor was not significantly influenced by temperature. Stride length was the only kinematic measure to be influenced by stride number, with second steps from a standstill being longer than first steps. We discuss the significance of velocity and acceleration being affected in a similar manner by temperature, and that speed is modulated by both changes in stride length and duration.
Norm selections in solutions to the minimal design problem

The recent algorithm of the author for solving the minimal design problem permits great flexibility in selection of norms as criteria of closeness for vector functions. Here it is shown that certain of these norms correspond to physically meaningful criteria of closeness based on system time responses, and are appropriate for use with the fast algorithm of Kung and Kailath as well.
On the relevance of abstract algebra to control theory

We show that many concepts of linear system theory are better understood in an abstract algebraic framework which also applies to the non-linear machines studied in automata theory. In particular, reachability and observeability properties are shown to hold without any restrictions on linearity, and we present a general identification procedure which reduces in the linear case to a generalization of Ho's algorithm. We place convolution theory and Kalman's module-theoretic approach in this general context. Finally, we introduce a new notion of duality for systems, and relate it to reachability and observability.
ASSOCIATION OF FINANCIAL BARRIERS TO HEALTH CARE WITH ACCESS TO CARE, QUALITY OF CARE AND OUTCOMES IN DIABETICS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Abstract Category: 31. Quality of Care and Outcomes AssessmentPresentation Number: 1256-292Authors: Puja Parikh, Steven Leigh, Roopali Parikh, Hongdao Meng, Nicholas Sakellarios, David Brown, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA Background: As the cost of health care in the United States increases, more patients experience difficulty paying their medical bills. We sought to describe the impact of financial barriers to health care on access to care, quality of care and vascular outcomes of diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: The 2007 Centers for Disease Control’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey was utilized to identify a cohort of 11,274 diabetics with CAD. Demographic data, clinical history, quality of care indices, and clinical outcomes were recorded in these patients. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse vascular events (MAVE), defined by a history of stroke, retinopathy or diabetes-related ocular changes, bilateral foot amputations, and nonhealing foot sores.Results: Of 11,274 patients, 1,541 (14%) patients reported financial barriers to health care and 9,733 (86%) reported no such barriers. Patients with financial barriers were younger, more often female, less often with health insurance, and had higher rates of obesity, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia. They were also noted to have impaired access to care resulting in less frequent medical checkups, lower rates of annual cholesterol screening, HgbA1c screening, eye exams, foot exams, and diabetic education classes, and less aspirin and antihypertensive use. Patients with financial barriers experienced significantly higher MAVE rates (68% vs 55%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, financial barriers to care were an independent predictor of MAVE (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.31-2.53). Financial barriers were also independently associated with indices of access to and quality of care including, medical checkup within the past two years (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26-0.42), annual cholesterol (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34-0.98) and HbA1c (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48-0.92) screening, annual eye (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61-0.92) and foot (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.89) examinations, aspirin use (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.89), and diabetic education (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.93).Conclusions: Financial barriers to health care are independently associated with impaired access to care, poorer quality of care and worse clinical outcomes in diabetics with CAD.
Examining Phenotype Differences in Mouse Placenta with Volume Rendering and Segmentation

We present an application problem of examining phenotype differences in wildtype and retinoblastoma (Rb) knockout specimens of mouse placenta. The lack of the Rb gene causes uncontrolled tissue growth which forces infiltrations into critical sections of mouse placenta that lead to fetal death. We briefly describe our method for volume visualization of mouse placenta tissue level intermixing at a microscopic scale for both wildtype and Rb knockout types. Our technique combines non-trivial registration techniques, an TV-point correlation classifier, and a volume rendering step. Our final volume renderings show tissue intermixing differences between both wildtype and Rb knockout specimens that are not obvious from examining the two dimensional image stack alone
Departmentalization in software development and maintenance

Exploring the strengths and weaknesses of three alternative bases for systems staff departmentalization suggests the benefits of an organizational form in which maintenance is separate from new system development.
Physical education teachers’ self-reported use and perceptions of various teaching styles

Abstract Increasing recognition of the constructivist nature of learning as well as the diversity of student learning styles highlights the need for teachers to use different teaching styles. Unfortunately, little is known about teachers’ use and perception of various teaching styles. The purpose of this study was to explore physical education teachers’ self-reported use and perceptions of various teaching styles. Participants were 212 physical education teachers representing a variety of elementary and secondary school settings. Teachers had significantly different experiences in the use and perceptions of the different teaching styles. Their perceptions also differed according to self-rated teaching ability related to using the styles.
Children's solutions of logical versus empirical problems: What's missing and what develops?

Abstract This research examined the development of the ability to differentiate logical from empirical problems and the different ways in which children solve these problems. Thirty-two 4- and 5-year-olds, thirty-four 8- and 9-year-olds, and thirty-five 11- and 12-year-olds were given five questions regarding an imaginary character’s predictions as to where a ball would land after being dropped through a ‘tautology machine’. The questions examined encoding and recall of problems, children’s understanding of when evidence was necessary, and children’s evaluation of form and evidence. Data were analyzed in two ways: (1) by comparing differences across participants on component questions and (2) an individual analysis examining the consistency of responses to component questions across the problem set. Overall, the results indicated that: (1) sixth graders tended to differentiate logical from empirical problems while preschool and third grade children rarely did; (2) young children tend to ignore both the logical connective and the second half of problems-termed a ‘cut;’ (3) these cuts are less frequent when a problem is compatible with one empirical possibility; (4) cuts do not stem from encoding or recall errors, but seem to be the product of incomplete problem processing and (5) from third to sixth grade, children’s understanding of logical form increased as the rate of cuts decreased.
Grating Gated FET's as Narrowband, Tunable Terahertz Detectors

ABSTRACT Grating gated field effect transistors (FETs) are potentially important as electronically tunable terahertz detectors with spectral bandwidths of the order of 50 GHz. Their utility depends on being able to 1) use the intrinsic high speed in a heterodyne mixer or 2) sacrifice speed for sufficient sensitivity to be an effective incoherent detector. In its present form the grating gated FET will support IF frequencies up to ~10 GHz, an acceptable bandwidth for most heterodyne applications. By separating the resonant plasmon absorption from the responsivity mechanism, it appears that a tuned, narrow terahertz spectral band bolometer can be fabricated with NEP ~ 10 -11 watts/ Hz and response times of the order of 30 msecs, useful in a passive multispectral terahertz imaging system. Keywords: Field effect transistors, high mobility, 2-dimensional plasmons, terahertz, focal plane arrays, bolometers, heterodyne mixers. 1. INTRODUCTION The most striking feature of the grating gated field effect transistor terahertz detectors is the narrow spectral response. 30-50 GHz spectral linewidths that are readily tuned by gate voltage present opportunities for passive terahertz multi-color (terahertz color) imaging. Multispectral, passive, terahertz imaging is important for stand off detection and identification of significant material and objects. While imaging of objects and personnel can be performed at a single frequency, terahertz image contrast between different frequencies will provide more information and greater potential for identification. Without multi spectral images, identification will be very difficult to achieve. A detector that is compatible with terahertz focal plane array technology and resonant with specific terahertz frequencies will enable the fabrication of an imaging system that can determine spectral contrast and rapid identification. Although the grating gated FET detector in its present configuration is documented to be fast, the responsivity is relatively low. This begs two questions; the answers determine its ultimate utility.  What is the intrinsic speed and is it sufficient to be useful as a heterodyne mixer?  Can the speed be traded for enough sensitivity to be useful as a tuned passive incoherent (direct) detector? The following describe heterodyne mixing experiments that answer the first. This is followed by an approach that may retain the narrow, tunable spectral response, but achieve requisite sensitivity and noise equivalent power (NEP) at much reduced speed.
Leads for insect neuropeptide mimetic development

Insect neuropeptides mediate a number of physiological processes critical for insect survival. The numerous neuropeptide sequences that have been reported present an opportunity to decipher the chemical and conformational requirements for neuropeptide-receptor interactions. Chemical and conformational requirements for activity represent a "template" from which agonist/antagonist peptide mimetics, with the potential to disrupt critical insect processes, can be developed. Information on structural requirements is presented for three neuropeptide families: the sulfakinins, pyrokinins, and leucokinin/achetakinins, including active core size, important side chains, peptide superagonists, and new data on pseudopeptide modification of the N- and C-terminal regions. Members of these peptide families have been associated with a variety of physiological activities such as myotropism, pheromonotropism, diapause induction, and diuresis in a number of insects. Spectroscopic data coupled with computer molecular dynamics/graphics studies on conformationally restricted analogs of insect neuropeptides reveal information on the active conformation adopted at the receptor site. Routes to development of peptide-mimetics from neuropeptide templates are discussed.
Syntactic simplification for improving content selection in multi-document summarization

In this paper, we explore the use of automatic syntactic simplification for improving content selection in multi-document summarization. In particular, we show how simplifying parentheticals by removing relative clauses and appositives results in improved sentence clustering, by forcing clustering based on central rather than background information. We argue that the inclusion of parenthetical information in a summary is a reference-generation task rather than a content-selection one, and implement a baseline reference rewriting module. We perform our evaluations on the test sets from the 2003 and 2004 Document Understanding Conference and report that simplifying parentheticals results in significant improvement on the automated evaluation metric Rouge.
Reactivity to a Spouse's Interpersonal Suffering in Late Life Marriage: A Mixed-Methods Approach.

Objective: To determine how older adult spouses react to their partners’ interpersonal suffering. Method: Spouses of individuals with musculoskeletal pain were recorded describing their partners’ suffering while their blood pressure (BP) was monitored. After the account, spouses described their distress. Speeches were transcribed and analyzed with Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software and coded for interpersonal content. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted with interpersonal content variables predicting BP and distress. Exploratory qualitative analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti to explore mechanisms behind quantitative results. Results: Describing partners’ suffering as interpersonal and using social (family) words were associated with higher systolic BP reactivity. Husbands were more likely to describe partners’ suffering as interpersonal. Qualitative results suggested shared stressors and bereavement-related distress as potential mechanisms for heightened reactivity to interpersonal ...
Presence of immunoreactive insulin in neurons cultured from fetal rat brain

1. Immunocytochemical studies have been performed which establish the presence of immunoreactive (ir-) insulin in primary cultures from fetal rat brain. Approximately 1% of the identified neurons in culture contained insulin immunoreactivity. Typically, a diffuse staining pattern was observed in the perikaryia and fiber profiles of peroxidase-anti-peroxidase-positive neurons. Varicosity-like structures containing ir-insulin were found on the majority of positively stained fiber profiles. A small number of the neurons appeared to have cytoplasmic granules that stained densely for insulin. No significant staining was observed in the background monolayer of cells predominantly of glial origin. 2. The substitution of primary antiserum absorbed with excess insulin or preimmune serum eliminated staining in the neurons. The observation of insulin immunoreactivity in neurons suggests that insulin may be a neuromodulator in the central nervous system.
Sequential collapse folding pathway of staphylococcal nuclease: Entropic activation barriers to hydrophobic collapse of the protein core

In this paper the sequential collapse model (SCM) is applied to reveal the folding pathway of staphylococcal nuclease. It is found that there are two energetically equivalent dominant primary contacts leading potentially to two distinct folding pathways. A third weaker contact is likely to initiate an additional less populated pathway. The findings are compared with previous theoretical and experimental results, including laboratory data suggesting that the later stages of the folding pathway of staphylococcal nuclease might be kinetically controlled. The activation barriers observed to control the intermediate stages of the folding pathway are postulated to correspond to the configurational activation barriers governing the cooperative collapse phase along each of the three predicted folding pathways.
New Triosmium Complexes Containing a Partially Hydrogenated Bis(ferrocenyl)butadiyne Ligand. Their Structures and Electrochemical Responses

The reaction of Os3(CO)10(μ3-FcC4Fc) (3) (Fc = C5H5FeC5H4) with water in thf solvent at reflux yielded three new cluster complexes: Os3(CO)9(μ3-η3-E-FcC3CHFc)(μ-H) (4) (54%), Os3(CO)9(μ3-η3-Z-FcC3...
The History of Water Distribution Network Analysis: The Computer Age

Computation of flows and pressures in networks of pipes has been of great value and interest for those involved with the design, construction and maintenance of public water distribution systems. Many methods have been used in the past to compute flows in networks of pipes. Such methods range from graphical methods to the use of physical analogies and finally to the use of mathematical models. This paper will attempt to catalog and review those methods that have been developed and applied since the dawn of the “computer age” in 1957 when the original Hardy Cross method was first adapted for solution using a computer in analyzing the water distribution system of the city of Palo Alto, California. Subsequent methods have included the “simultaneous node: method, the “simultaneous loop” method, the “simultaneous pipe” method, and the “simultaneous network” method. A brief review of the theoretical framework of each method will be presented along with a critique of the relative advantages and/or limitations of each method. With the advent of computer models of water distributions systems, it has now become possible to analyze more complex network components (e.g. pumps, tanks, PRVs, etc) of the water distribution system as well as to investigate more complex issues associated with their design and operation. Such additional applications have included 1) extend period simulations, 2) transient analysis, 3) water quality analysis, 4) optimal model calibration and design, 5) optimal operations, 6) optimal sampling plans, etc. The utility and feasibility of these additional types of applications can be demonstrated to be largely dependent upon the underlying simulation methods that were first developed beginning in the early 1960s.
Comprehensive study on the effects of fluid dynamics of air curtain and geometry, on infiltration rate of open refrigerated cavities

Abstract To date, almost all the studies regarding the improvement of efficiency in open refrigerated display cases by improving the performance of air curtains have been limited to individual cases, which are usually specific to certain designs by certain manufacturers. This study targets the most important variables that can affect the infiltration associated with the entrainment and penetration of outside air into the system, and attempts to identify the relation between each of those variables and infiltration. Variables are defined in non-dimensional forms to make the problem independent from specific design, while each investigated variable covers a wide range of values. The refrigeration system has been eliminated and instead, a tracer gas technique has been employed for the measurement of infiltration. Infiltration results demonstrated a strong and direct relationship with the jet exit Reynolds number and offset angle. Although the relationship between infiltration and the other variables i.e. throw angle, height of the opening, and flow rate ratio, is very significant, the effect of each variable is better pictured in combination of the other variables.
Integration of targeted agents in the neo-adjuvant treatment of gastro-esophageal cancers.

Pre- and peri-operative strategies are becoming standard for the management of localized gastro-esophageal cancer. For localized gastric/gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) cancer there are conflicting data that a peri-operative approach with cisplatin-based chemotherapy improves survival, with the benefits seen in esophageal cancer likely less than a 5–10% incremental improvement. Further trends toward improvement in local control and survival, when combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy are given pre-operatively, are suggested by recent phase III trials. In fit patients, a significant survival benefit with pre-operative chemoradiation is seen in those patients who achieve a pathologic complete response. In esophageal/GEJ cancer, definitive chemoradiation is now considered in medically inoperable patients. In squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, surgery after primary chemoradiation is not clearly associated with an improved overall survival, however, local control may be better. In localized gastric/GEJ cancer, the integration of bevacizumab with pre-operative chemotherapy is being explored in large randomized studies, and with chemoradiotherapy in pilot trials. The addition of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 antibody treatment to pre-operative chemoradiation continues to be explored. Early results show the integration of targeted therapy is feasible. Metabolic imaging can predict early response to pre-operative chemotherapy and biomarkers may further predict response to pre-operative chemo-targeted therapy. A multimodality approach to localized gastro-esophageal cancer has resulted in better outcomes. For T3 or node-positive disease, surgery alone is no longer considered appropriate and neo-adjuvant therapy is recommended. The future of neo-adjuvant strategies in this disease will involve the individualization of therapy with the integration of molecular signatures, targeted therapy, metabolic imaging and predictive biomarkers.
Modification of rat testicular response to x-irradiation by various lighting regimes. 1. The pineal gland and melatonin synthesis as a possible mediator of the response.

Abstract Melatonin synthesis (HIOMT activity) was followed in 12-week-old male rats for 31 days after exposure to 350 r of whole-body x-irradiation. Melatonin synthesis was diminished in rate during the first 24 hrs., but from day-4 through day-19 melatonin synthesis was increased. From day-22 to day-31 melatonin synthesis did not differ from the sham-irradiated animals. Exposure of irradiated rats to 350 r of x-irradiation diminished testicular weight. Placing irradiated rats in constant darkness for 25 days after treatment increased the weight loss that was additive to the irradiation effect. Melatonin synthesis was decreased in these animals when compared to either the control or irradiated rats placed in normal lighting. Placing rats in constant darkness or constant light for 6 days prior to and 19 days after irradiation with 450 r both resulted in an radioprotective effect on the testis. Only the constant-light treated rats showed a change in melatonin synthesis at the time of necropsy, and it was decreased below either the control or irradiated groups.
Electrical and structural characteristics of chromium thin films deposited on glass and alumina substrates

Abstract The electrical resistivities of electron beam deposited and sputter deposited chromium thin films (25–500 nm) on glass and alumina substrates are correlated with the structural characteristics of the films determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Auger electron spectrometer. The resistivities of as-deposited chromium films on glass substrates range from 58 to 107 μΩ cm, whereas, those deposited on alumina substrates range from 155 to 573 μΩ cm. The surface roughness appears to be the most important parameter in determining the resistivity on different substrates. The electron-beam deposited films have lower resistivities compared to the sputter deposited films because there is less oxygen and carbon contamination in the e-beam deposited films. The average grain sizes are determined from the X-ray diffraction data and are compared to the resistivity of Cr films.
Changing Political Landscapes for Latinos in America

The increased demographic presence of Latino individuals has gradually resulted in growing political influence and representation. This growing presence and influence has altered the American polit...
International migration, non-traded goods and economic welfare in a two-class economy: A reply

Abstract This paper sketches a formal model of an economy producing traded and non-traded goods in which two classes of individuals are differentiated, each owning different endowments of capital and labor and allocating different proportions of their income to the consumption of each commudity. The effects of emigration on prices, income distribution and the real income of each class is then examined.
Inhibition of Estrogen Receptor Action by the Orphan Receptor SHP (Short Heterodimer Partner)

SHP (short heterodimer partner) is an unusual orphan receptor that lacks a conventional DNA-binding domain. Previous results have shown that it interacts with several other nuclear hormone receptors, including the retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, and inhibits their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. Here we show that SHP also interacts with estrogen receptors and inhibits their function. In mammalian and yeast two-hybrid systems as well as glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays, SHP interacts specifically with estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in an agonist-dependent manner. The same assay systems using various deletion mutants of SHP map the interaction domain with ERα to the same SHP sequences required for interaction with the nonsteroid hormone receptors such as retinoid X receptor and thyroid hormone receptor. In transient cotransfection assays, SHP inhibits estradiol -dependent activation by ERα by about 5-fold. In contrast, SHP interacts with ERβ independent of ligand and reduces its ab...
The effect of altered immune reactivity on experimental measles encephalitis in rats.

Rats of the Lewis strain, infected intracerebrally with a neuro-adapted strain of measles virus, developed a non-lethal encephalitis persisting throughout the 31 days of observation. Specific antibodies, but not delayed hypersensitivity, developed in the infected animals. Histology revealed a chronic proliferative form of encephalitis localized predominately in the white matter.
Template‐tethered collagen mimetic peptides for studying heterotrimeric triple‐helical interactions

Collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) have been used to elucidate the structure and stability of the triple helical conformation of collagen molecules. Although CMP homotrimers have been widely studied, very little work has been reported regarding CMP heterotrimers because of synthetic difficulties. Here we present the synthesis and characterization of homotrimers and ABB type heterotrimers comprising natural and synthetic CMP sequences that are covalently tethered to a template, a tris(2-aminoethyl) amine (TREN) succinic acid derivative. Various tethered heterotrimers comprising synthetic CMPs [(ProHypGly)6, (ProProGly)6] and CMPs representing specific domains of type I collagen were synthesized and characterized in terms of triple helical structure, thermal melting behavior and refolding kinetics. The results indicated that CMPs derived from natural type I collagen sequence can form stable heterotrimeric helical complexes with artificial CMPs and that the thermal stability and the folding rate increase with the increasing number of helical stabilizing amino acids (e.g. Hyp) in the peptide chains. Covalent tethering enhanced the thermal stability and refolding kinetics of all CMPs; however their relative values were not affected suggesting that the tethered system can be used for comparative study of heterotrimeric CMP's folding behavior in regards to chain composition and for characterization of thermally unstable CMPs.
WOCN's evidence-based pressure ulcer guideline.

PURPOSETo familiarize the physician and registered professional nurse with an overview of updated guidelines for the prevention and/or management of pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and surgical site infections.TARGET AUDIENCEThis continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nu
In the worst event

The Medical Implications of Nuclear War. By F. Solomon and R. Q. Marston National Academy Press, Washington, DC/Wiley, Chichester, UK: 1986. Pp.619. Hbk $52.25, £44.20; pbk $40.25, £32.20.A World Beyond Healing: The Prologue and Aftermath of Nuclear War. By N. Wade W. W. Norton: 1987. Pp.190. $15.95. To be published in Britain on 3 September by Sidgwick & Jackson, £12.95.
Observations on the polarimetric imagery collection experiment database

The Spectral and Polarimetric Imagery Collection Experiment (SPICE) is an ongoing collaborative effort that commenced in February 2010 between the US Army ARDEC and Army Research Laboratory (ARL). SPICE is focused on the collection of mid-wave and long-wave infrared imagery using hyperspectral, polarimetric, and broadband sensors. The overall objective of SPICE is to collect a comprehensive database of the different modalities spanning multiple years to capture sensor performance encompassing a wide variety of meteorological (MET) conditions, diurnal, and seasonal changes inherent to Picatinny's northern New Jersey location. Utilizing the Precision Armament Laboratory (PAL) tower at Picatinny Arsenal, the sensors are autonomously collecting the desired data around the clock at multiple ranges containing surrogate 2S3 Self-Propelled Howitzer targets positioned at different orientations in an open woodland field. This database allows for: 1) Understanding of signature variability under adverse weather conditions; 2) Development of robust algorithms; 3) Development of new sensors; 4) Evaluation of polarimetric technology; and 5) Evaluation of fusing the different sensor modalities. In this paper, we will revisit the SPICE data collection objectives and the sensors deployed. We will present, in a statistical sense, the integrity of the data in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) polarimetric database collected from February through September 2010 and issues and lessons learned associated with a fully autonomous, around the clock data collection. We will also demonstrate sample LWIR polarimetric imagery and the performance of the Stokes parameters under adverse weather conditions.
Role of the pharmaceutical industry in arthritis health care

Abstract The medical and scientific staff of a pharmaceutical company is dedicated to clinical research, product development, and interactions with regulatory agencies. The medical service also works with clinical colleagues in protocol design, grant and educational funding associated with research programs, and the collection and analysis of clinical data. A close working relationship with academic and clinical medical institutions is essential to the production of more effective agents to control the swelling, pain, and joint destruction associated with arthritis. There is an immediate and long-term need for the medical profession, the pharmaceutical industry, and our government leaders to meet, discuss, plan, and work together to ensure the most effective health-care delivery system possible. By supporting a dynamic dialogue among the key influencers in today's health-care delivery system, this triad can make tremendous strides in improving the physician-patient relationship.