cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The vagaries of informed consent.

A professor oflaw at Catholic University in Washington, D.C., since 1977, Professor George P. Smith is an established scholar in the field of Bioetbics and Health Law-with over 175 entries in his bibliography, which includes twelve books, the most recent being HUMAN RIGHTS AND BIOMEDICINE (Kluwer 2000). Among his research affiliations at major universities have been those at Chicago, Columbia, Northwestern, Vanderbilt, Virginia, Princeton, California at Berkeley, The Hoover Institution at Stanford, and The Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg.
Comparison of Universal Versus Age-Restricted Screening of Colorectal Tumors for Lynch Syndrome Using Mismatch Repair Immunohistochemistry: A Cohort Study.

Guidelines recommend screening all patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) for Lynch syndrome (LS), but the efficiency of universal LS screening in elderly persons has not been well s...
Redox-switchable ring-opening polymerization by tridentate ONN-type titanium and zirconium catalysts

The field of redox-switchable catalysis has gained considerable interest in recent years, enabling catalytic activity and/or selectivity to be oscillated based upon the oxidation-state of the ligand and/or active metal center. Unfortunately, though myriad redox-switchable catalysts have been developed for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters, further fundamental structure–catalytic performance studies are needed to better ascertain how systematic changes in ligand structure impact catalytic activity and redox-switchability. Herein, we describe our studies designed to determine how the number of ligand-based redox-active moieties impacts catalytic performance. More specifically, we compare symmetric catalysts bearing tetradentate [ONNO] ligands with two redox-active moieties to related asymmetric catalysts bearing tridentate [ONN] ligands featuring only a single redox-active moiety. The results of these studies reveal that the number of redox-active moieties may not play a crucial role in the catalysts' switchability; however, the choice of metal center may dramatically influence catalyst activity, stability, and redox-switchability.
Longitudinal Associations Between Sexual Victimization and Substance Misuse Among High School Youth in Colorado

There are consistently high rates of sexual victimization and substance misuse among youth in the United States. Although there is a known relation between sexual victimization and substance use, there is a gap in the research regarding the magnitude and temporality of these associations. This study examined whether latent classes of sexual victimization and help-seeking attitudes longitudinally predict intentions of future substance misuse 7-10 months later. Students from nine Colorado high schools (N = 533; M = age 16 years) completed surveys across two consecutive school semesters. Latent class analysis was used to identify classes of students who experienced at least one form of sexual victimization (e.g., sexual harassment, unwanted sexual contact) according to 13 sexual victimization items, and level of positive attitudes regarding help-seeking for sexual victimization. Classes were compared on demographic characteristics and for distal outcomes of likelihood of future substance misuse (cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, prescription drugs, and electronic vaping products) using latent class regression, controlling for previous intentions to use. At Time 1, four classes of sexual victimization were identified with two main classes for comparison: low odds of experiencing sexual victimization (60.1% of sample) and high odds of endorsing all forms of sexual victimization (7.7% of sample). The high sexual victimization class had higher proportions of male and transgender students, compared to other classes. At Time 2 (7-10 months later), students in the high sexual victimization class reported a significantly greater likelihood of future cigarette (p = .017) and prescription drug misuse (p = .007) when compared to the low sexual victimization class. There was no evidence that having higher positive attitudes towards help-seeking resulted in lower intentions to use substances in the future. These findings highlight that addressing sexual violence in prevention programming may have crossover effects of reducing substance misuse and other forms of violence among youth.
State-Level Influences on Community-Level Municipal Sustainable Energy Policies:

State and local governments engage each other in a broad set of complicated interdependent relationships. Yet, there is limited research on what these multilevel governance relationships mean for c...
Acute-care hospital reencounters in COVID-19 patients.

Acute-care hospital reencounters (ACHEs)-encompassing emergency department visits, observation stays, and hospital readmissions-following COVID-19 hospitalization may exacerbate health care system strain and impair recovery from illness. We sought to characterize these reencounters and factors associated with reencounters. We identified the first consecutive 509 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 within an IL hospital network, and examined ACHEs, experienced within 30 days and 4 months of index hospitalization. We identified independent predictors of reencounter using binary logistic regression. Of 509 patients, 466 (91.6%) were discharged alive from index COVID-19 hospitalization. Within 30 days and 4 months, 12.4% and 21.5% of patients, respectively, experienced ACHEs. The median time to first ACHE was 24.2 (IQR 6.5, 55) days. COVID-19 symptom exacerbation was the leading reason for early ACHE (44.8%). Reencounters, both within 30 days and 4 months, were associated with a history of a neurological disorder before COVID-19 (OR 2.78 [95% CI 1.53, 5.03] and OR 2.75 [95% CI 1.67, 4.53], respectively). Older patients and those with diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or organ transplantation tended towards more frequent ACHEs. Steroid treatment during COVID-19 hospitalization demonstrated reduced odds of 30-day reencounter (OR 0.31 [95% CI 0.091, 0.79]). Forty-nine patients had repeat SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal testing during a reencounter; twelve (24.5%) patients had positive reencounter tests and experienced more frequent reencounters than those testing negative. COVID-19 symptom exacerbation is a leading cause of early ACHE after COVID-19 hospitalization, and steroid use during index hospitalization may reduce early reencounters. Neurologic illness before COVID-19 predicts ACHEs.
Drivers Shaping Food Systems

Food systems are affected by many different factors in complex ways. These influential factors are considered “drivers” when their impacts occur consistently over a period of time and thus durably alter food system activities and outcomes. Drivers may be endogenous to food systems, but many are independent and exogenous. Food system drivers may be governed or shaped by external actors, and impacts may be deliberate or unintentional. Drivers can affect every component of the food system, from food supply and environment to consumer demand. This chapter focuses on major macro-level drivers, which include environmental, socio-cultural, political and economic, and demographic drivers. The chapter also discusses the present-day challenges and future opportunities presented by innovation, technology, and infrastructure.
Adherence to levetiracetam for management of epilepsy: Assessment with electronic monitors.

Abstract Introduction Anti-seizure medications are used to manage epilepsy and require long-term adherence to maintain therapeutic drug levels. We assessed adherence to levetiracetam and the use of a digital intervention to improve adherence in patients with epilepsy. Methods 30 participants with epilepsy were randomized 1:1 either to a digital email adherence intervention or control group. All patients were provided levetiracetam equipped with electronic monitoring caps to assess patient adherence to medication. Patients were followed for 6 months, with return visits at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Results Subjects randomized to the control arm (n = 15) took 66% of the prescribed doses compared to the intervention group, who took 65% of prescribed doses (n = 15). Nine participants did not complete the study. Of the twenty-one participants that completed the study, the overall rate of adherence was 72% of prescribed doses taken. Two subjects in the control group and three subjects in the intervention group were adherent every month of the study—taking at least 80% of prescribed doses. Those randomized to the control group took the correct number of doses 44% of days in the study, and those in the intervention group took the correct number of doses 37% of days. Discussion Poor adherence to levetiracetam is common. An internet-based email survey intervention did not improve adherence to levetiracetam in epilepsy patients. Further advances in adherence are needed to help patients receive the maximum benefit of their medical treatments.
Abstract PO-094: Gα13 loss in KPC mouse model promotes well-differentiated pancreatic tumors that are susceptible to mTOR inhibition

Gα13 transduces signals from G protein-coupled receptors. Gα13 is pro-tumorigenic in epithelial cancer cell lines, which contrasts with its tumor-suppressive function in transgenic mouse models of lymphomas. We investigated the role of Gα13 in pancreatic tumor development and progression in a transgenic mouse model. Here we show that while loss of Gα13 in pancreatic cell lines decreases tumor growth in vivo, Gα13 loss in the Kras-driven (KC) mouse model of pancreatic tumor initiation does not affect tumor development or survival. Instead, Gα13 loss in the Kras/Tp53 (KPC) transgenic mouse model of advanced pancreatic cancer promotes well-differentiated tumors with increased tumor burden and reduced survival. Mechanistically, Gα13 loss in the KPC mouse model enhances E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell junctions and mTOR signaling. Gα13-deficient pancreatic cancer cell lines derived from these mice form well-differentiated tumors, which are susceptible to mTOR inhibition with rapamycin. Importantly, human pancreatic cancers with low Gα13 expression also exhibit increased E-cadherin protein expression and mTOR signaling. This work establishes a context-dependent role of Gα13 in pancreatic tumorigenesis, demonstrating a tumor-suppressive role in transgenic mouse models of advanced pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Mario A. Shields, Christina Spaulding, Mahmoud G. Khalafalla, Thao N. D. Pham, Hidayatullah G. Munshi. Gα13 loss in KPC mouse model promotes well-differentiated pancreatic tumors that are susceptible to mTOR inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-094.
The Chicago Clan: The Chiefs of Staff in the Obama White House†

Objectives This article examines the roles, responsibilities, and performance of the first two White House chiefs of staff during the Obama administration: Rahm Emanuel and William Daley. Methods Data are drawn and analyzed from academic and media resources, original interviews conducted by the authors with former staff in the Obama White House, and public documents. Results Perhaps the most high-profile chief of staff in history, Rahm Emanuel was an important, but at times, ineffective advisor to, and proxy of, the president. He also served as a sturdy guardian, despite evident disagreement on policy priorities and strategies. His focus on shorter term tactics and his weakness as an honest broker negatively impacted the Obama administration. Emanuel's successor, William Daley, initially brought needed discipline and focus to a White House riven by factions. Daley, however, lasted only a year as he never fully adjusted to the demands of the job nor did he appear to fully appreciate the depth of the partisan polarization and hostility in Washington. Conclusion The Obama administration's first two chiefs of staff had to navigate a challenging environment in an administration filled with strong personalities and tested by events including the financial crisis and recession, passage of the health-care legislation, the 2010 midterm election debacle, the debt-ceiling crisis, and a number of foreign policy challenges in the Middle East, North Africa, and Afghanistan. Though very different in terms of personality, style, and the roles they emphasized during their tenures, both chiefs of staff were largely ineffective, thus diminishing the performance of the president and administration.
Intracellular trafficking and metabolic turnover of ligand-bound guanylyl cyclase/atrial natriuretic peptide receptor-A into subcellular compartments.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is the first described member of the natriuretic peptide hormone family. ANP elicits natriuretic, diuretic, vasorelaxant and antiproliferative effects, important factors in the control of blood pressure homeostasis. One of the principal loci involved in the regulatory action of ANP is the guanylyl cyclase-linked ANP-receptor which has been designated as NPRA, also referred to as GC-A, whose ANP-binding efficiency and guanylyl cyclase activity vary remarkably in different target tissues. However, the cellular and molecular basis of these activities and the functional expression and regulation of NPRA are not well understood. The mature form of receptor resides in the plasma membrane and consists of an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane-spanning region, and intracellular protein kinase-like homology and guanylyl cyclase catalytic domains. In this review, emphasis has been placed on the interaction of ANP with NPRA, the ligand-mediated endocytosis, trafficking, and subcellular distribution of ligand-receptor complexes from cell surface to the intracellular compartments. Furthermore, it is implicated that after internalization, the ANP/NPRA complexes dissociate into the subcellular compartments and a population of receptor recycles back to the plasma membrane. This is an interesting area of research in the natriuretic peptide receptor field because there is currently debate over whether ANP/NPRA complexes internalize at all or whether cell utilizes some other mechanisms to release ANP from the bound receptor molecules. Indeed, controversy exist since it has been previously reported by default that among the three natriuretic peptide receptors only NPRC internalizes with bound ligand. Hence, from a thematic standpoint it is clearly evident that there is a current need to review this subject and provide a consensus forum that establishes the cellular trafficking, sequestration and processing of ANP/NPRA complexes in intact cells. Towards this aim the cellular life-cycle of NPRA will be described in the context of ANP-binding, internalization, metabolic processing, and/or inactivation, down-regulation, and degradation of ligand-receptor complexes in model cell systems.
Accounting Career Cycles: Implications for Accounting Firms and Their Small Business Clients in Improving Customer Service

Abstract This paper examines the career cycle of accountants in public firms in order to develop methods to extend intra-organizational careers and thus improve customer service. A model of the public accountant's career cycle is developed to facilitate this purpose and expose the effects internal CPA firm policies have on small business clients. Accounting firms are encouraged to revise existing career development patterns. Small businesses should consider implications of potential consultant career cycle policies on perceptions of engagement quality and costs.
Transcription factors involved in the development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L)

MADS box genes function to regulate vegetative, floral, and fruit development in plants. Here we report the characterization of a MADS box gene from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa ) designated STAG1. Sequence analysis revealed that STAG1 shared 70-72% amino acid identity to AGAMOUS homologs from a variety of plant species. Southern analysis indicated that STAG1 is not a member of a multigene family. STAG1 transcripts were detected in stamens, carpels, and developing fruit. In situ hybridization revealed that STAG1 mRNA expression was restricted to the endothelium and the vascular bundles connecting the achenes to the inner part of the receptacle and was not evident in the receptacle of the fruit. Sequence analysis and RNA localization indicate that STAG1 is an AGAMOUS homolog of strawberry.
Return and Volatility Transmission in U.S. Housing Markets

This article uses the Case-Shiller U.S. Home Price Indices to analyze spatial dependencies across 16 metropolitan markets for the period January 1989 to June 2006. Return transmission patterns establish New York, San Francisco and Miami as among the most influential markets. In terms of volatility linkages, there is a considerable amount of transmission in the East between New York, Boston and Washington, DC, and innovations in the housing markets of Miami, Los Angeles and San Francisco play an influential role within their respective regions. In comparison, markets in the Central and Mountain regions appear to be relatively independent from external influences. Overall, the linkages appear to be more intensive during the active phase of the real estate market (1999–2006) than during the calm phase (1989–1998).
Hemispheric differences in the control of limb dynamics: a link between arm performance asymmetries and arm selection patterns

Human handedness has been described and measured from two perspectives: handedness inventories rate hand preferences, whereas other tests examine motor performance asymmetries. These two measuremen...
Ethosuximide kinetics: Possible interaction with valproic acid

Ethosuximide kinetics were determined in six normal healthy adults after a single dose (phase 1) and at steady-state (phase 2). After the completion of phase 2, valproic acid was added to the ethosuximide regimen (phase 3) to assess the possibility of drug interaction. Between phases 1 and 2 total clearance fell from 13.1 to 11.1 ml/hr/kg (P less than 0.05) and nonrenal clearance fell from 10.1 to 8.3 ml/hr/kg (P less than 0.05). When valproic acid was added (phase 3) there was no further change in total or nonrenal clearance (11.2 and 8.3 ml/hr/kg). To assess the possibility of nonlinear ethosuximide kinetics a review was conducted of patients who received ethosuximide as sole therapy for absence seizures. Of 106 patients, 10 met the required criterion that defined steady state. Data from seven of the 10 patients showed evidence of a nonlinear relationship when steady-state ethosuximide concentrations were plotted against dose.
Tablet PC Use Enhances Teaching and Student Learning

Abstract As the result of taking on the management of a health sciences education building, librarians developed a leadership role and working partnership with health sciences faculty. Librarians identified the Tablet PC (TPC) as an innovative teaching tool and initiated a TPC pilot project with the goal of training librarians and faculty to effectively use this tool to update presentations and to deliver course content. A TPC class was developed and taught as a result of the pilot project. After two years of TPC utilization, an assessment of faculty use and student response to faculty use of the TPC was conducted.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may be protective against cardiac complications following anthracycline chemotherapy

Doxorubicin (DOX), despite causing cardiac toxicity, is an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent that plays an important role in the treatment of breast cancer. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) may protect against cardiac toxicity in patients receiving DOX chemotherapy. A total of 143 patients receiving DOX at the Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Clinic, University of Minnesota, who had two or more multigated blood pool imaging (MUGA) scans or echocardiograms performed between 2004 and 2007 were identified and reviewed. Patients with a 10% absolute drop in their ejection fraction (EF) or more to below 55% were identified and compared with those that did not have a 10% decline in EF. Impact of patient variables and the use of concurrent medications on EF drop were evaluated using logistic regression. Median age was 52 years old. 85 (60%) were female. Cancer diagnosis was breast (n = 26), lymphoma (n = 92), and other (n = 25). In spite of a similar baseline EF in all the patients, 22/142 (15%) patients had a significant drop in EF during DOX chemotherapy. Adjusting for age, the odds ratio of EF drop associated with the use of ACE-I is 0.267 (P = 0.0940), suggesting that ACE-I has a protective effect. Cumulative DOX dose, the use of beta-blockers, or aspirin did not appear to be predictive or protective. Although not statistically significant, this study suggests that the use of ACE-I when given with DOX chemotherapy protects against DOX chemotherapy and warrants further investigation.
Development of P-protein in sieve elements ofMimosa pudica

The P-protein in sieve elements of leaves ofMimosa pudica L. is first discernible as fine fibrous material which forms homogeneous aggregates. Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and dictyosomes with associated vesicles occur in the cytoplasm surrounding the aggregates. The plastids and mitochondria are in a parietal position in the parts of the cell where the nascent P-protein accumulates. In a later stage, the fibrillar material is organized into a three-dimensional system of five- and six-sided elongated compartments. The corners of the compartments appear solid at first, then they become electron lucent in the center and assume tubular form. Aggregates of mature P-protein tubules usually occur near the compartmentalized system. Tubules in pentagonal or hexagonal arrangements may be present in the aggregates and may be partly interconnected. The conclusion was drawn that the P-protein tubules are assembled at the corners of compartments within a continuous orderly system. The fully formed tubules occur first in aggregates, the P-protein bodies. Later the aggregates become loose and partly dispersed. Many of the dispersed tubules assume a loose, extended, helical form characteristic of P-protein in older sieve elements.
Impression Management Struggles in Online Dating

Online dating systems are now widely used to search for romance and yet there is little research on how people use these systems to manage their impressions with potential romantic partners. To address this issue we conducted an interview study of 41 online dating users, revealing that-contrary to prior work-online daters largely do not want to intentionally deceive their online dating partners because they think such lies would quickly be discovered face-to-face. Nevertheless, bad first dates were a norm rather than an exception for this study's participants. In this paper we present various frustrations online daters associate with conveying and forming impressions of potential romantic partners before meeting face-to-face. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of online dating systems.
National Survey of Emergency Medicine Resident Moonlighting

Objectives: To survey emergency medicine (EM) residents regarding moonlighting practices and perceptions for clarifying: 1) resident moonlighting remuneration; 2) any association of perceived educational debt with moonlighting income and hours; and 3) perceptions related to moonlighting (including motivations, impact on resident training, and potential medicolegal difficulties). Methods: A confidential, voluntary survey was administered to all allopathic EM residents in the United States. This written survey was provided to residents at their in-service examinations. Completed forms were anonymously returned by residents or local administrative staff to a central site where all identifiers were removed prior to mailing en mass to the investigators. Comparisons between groups were made using chi-square tests and correlations were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Seventy-six percent (1,826/2,407) of the surveys were returned. There was a weak correlation (r = 0.11) between educational debt and moonlighting hours for residents in the second year and above, but no association of debt with moonlighting income. Most (88%) of the residents reported that their programs permitted moonlighting. Nearly half (49%) reported that they did moonlight in some way. Most (82%) thought moonlighting provided experience not available in the residency. Only 13 (2%) respondents stated they had been sued for malpractice while moonlighting. Most (66%) moonlighting respondents stated that they moonlighted for financial reasons, with educational debt the primary motivating factor. Of the moonlighting residents, 28% were unsure of their type of malpractice insurance coverage, and 9% had no coverage at all. Conclusions: Education about EM practice matters including the risks of moonlighting should begin early in residency, because moonlighting is widespread. Residents are vulnerable to medicolegal action while moonlighting and have insufficient knowledge of their malpractice insurance coverage. Although educational debt is perceived as a strong motivating factor for moonlighting, there is only a weak relationship between educational debt and moonlighting hours.
Evolutionary Patterns in Gammaridean Amphipoda

[Les relations d'affinite des Amphipodes gammarides son revisees au niveau des familles afin de mettre en evidence a un plus haut degre l'importance des caracteres primitifs de plusieurs familles (par exemple, le flagelle accessoire des Lysianassidae), de placer en synonymie les Isaeidae, les Photidae et les Aoridae avec les Corophiidae, άd'etάblir de nouvelles familles et sous-familles (Najnidae, Ceinidae et Chiltoniinae) a l'interieur de la superfamille des Talitroidea, d'abandonner les Atylidae, les Anatylidae et les Lepechinellidae au profit de Dexaminidae et, a l'interieur de ce systeme, de creer la sous-famille des Prophliantinae et de rapprocher les Colomastigidae et les Ampeliscidae des Dexaminidae. Une nouvelle famille, les Biancolinidae, appartenant a la superfamille des Corophioidea, est constituee a partir du genre Biancolina, qui etait precedemment range parmi les Eophliantidae., Les relations d'affinite des Amphipodes gammarides son revisees au niveau des familles afin de mettre en evidence a un plus haut degre l'importance des caracteres primitifs de plusieurs familles (par exemple, le flagelle accessoire des Lysianassidae), de placer en synonymie les Isaeidae, les Photidae et les Aoridae avec les Corophiidae, άd'etάblir de nouvelles familles et sous-familles (Najnidae, Ceinidae et Chiltoniinae) a l'interieur de la superfamille des Talitroidea, d'abandonner les Atylidae, les Anatylidae et les Lepechinellidae au profit de Dexaminidae et, a l'interieur de ce systeme, de creer la sous-famille des Prophliantinae et de rapprocher les Colomastigidae et les Ampeliscidae des Dexaminidae. Une nouvelle famille, les Biancolinidae, appartenant a la superfamille des Corophioidea, est constituee a partir du genre Biancolina, qui etait precedemment range parmi les Eophliantidae.]
Evaluation of two analytical methods for the prediction of inlet flow fields in the vicinity of generalized forebodies

An investigation of the capability of two computer programs to simulate transonic and supersonic flows about representative fighter aircraft forebodies has been carried out for purpose of predicting flow fields in the vicinity of typical inlet locations. Each computer program is described as to its features and usage, and results are compared with comprehensive wind tunnel data. Although both computer codes were inviscid, results show that the gross aerodynamic effects of the forebody, with and without a wing, can be simulated fairly well. Further work is needed to include the effects of viscosity including vortex shedding.
Emotion appraisal and anxiety symptomatology in a university sample.

Current conceptualizations for anxiety disorders focus heavily on cognitive and behavioral aspects of anxiety and address other emotions to a far lesser extent. Studies have demonstrated that negative appraisals of anxiety and fear (e.g., anxiety sensitivity) are elevated in each of the anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. Much less is known about how the appraisal of other emotions is related to anxiety disorder symptom presentation. The current study examines the appraisal of specific aversive emotions in relation to anxiety symptomatology. Undergraduate university students (N = 530) completed measures of specific anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as a measure of emotional appraisal. A maximum likelihood estimated multivariate regression model was used to examine the unique relationships between emotional appraisal and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that anxiety symptoms varied in their relationships with emotional appraisal. Each symptom group was highly related to fea...
Prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-4 infection in cats in Central Michigan.

The gammaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) has been isolated from a wide variety of animals, including lions and domestic cats. Although BHV-4 antibodies have been detected in normal cats and cats with urinary disorders, the epidemiology and pathogenic role of BHV-4 in cats is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of BHV-4 antibodies and viral nucleic acid in a population of free-roaming cats. Plasma and peripheral blood leukocyte samples were collected from 52 male and 52 female free-roaming cats impounded at a regional animal control facility in Central Michigan. Plasma concentrations of BHV-4 antibodies were measured with an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Peripheral blood leukocyte DNA was isolated, and a 2-stage polymerase chain reaction with heminested primers delineating a conserved portion of the BHV-4 glycoprotein B gene homologue was used to amplify BHV-4-specific DNA sequences. BHV-4 antibodies were detected in 38 (73%) male and 23 (44%) female cats. Seropositive cats were significantly more likely to be male than female (odds ratio = 3.22; P = .007). Cell-associated viremia was detected in 17 (33%) male and 11 (21%) female cats. Of the 61 seropositive cats, 23 (38%) had a detectable viremia; only 5 (12%) seronegative cats had detectable viremia. Seropositive cats were significantly more likely to be viremic than seronegative cats (OR = 4.30: P = .009). Our results suggest that BHV-4 infection may be more widespread in certain cat populations than previously reported. Furthermore, many cats seropositive for BHV-4 antibodies have a concurrent cell-associated viremia.
The effects of Cryptococcus neoformans-secreted antigens on tumor necrosis factor-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on human lung epithelial cells

Since primary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans usually occurs in the lungs, and since pulmonary cryptococcosis involves interactions between yeasts and alveolar epithelial cells, we have begun to study the effects of C. neoformans and its secreted antigens (SA) on epithelial reactions potentially associated with localized inflammation. We report here that SAs from encapsulated and acapsular strains of C. neoformans caused significant reductions in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on A549 lung epithelial cells in culture. We also present evidence that the reduction in ICAM-1 expression was not associated with SA-induced shedding of this adhesion molecule.
COLLECTIVE LEVELS IN LIGHT EVEN Ce ISOTOPES.

Abstract The heavy-ion reactions ( 16 O, 4n) and ( 20 Ne, 4n) have been used to populate levels in the neutron-deficient even cerium isotopes 136 Ce- 128 Ce. Prominet γ-rays in the “in-beam” spectra have been assigned to transitions between the members of the ground-state quasi-rotational bands. The results show that as the number of neutrons decreases these isotopes tend towards rotational behaviour. The cross sections for the neutron evaporation reactions used are considerably reduced for the most neutron-deficient systems due to competition from charged-particle emission. Such competition prevents us from studying Ce isotopes lighter than 128 Ce by this method.
Contraceptive experiences among adolescents who experience unintended birth

Background Adolescents are at high risk of unintended pregnancy due to contraceptive nonuse and inconsistent use.
Anaerobic metabolism during activity in amphibians

Abstract 1. 1. Total lactate production (anaerobic energetic generation) during maximal activity was measured in eight species of amphibians. 2. 2. Slow-moving animals, exemplified by Bufo boreas, produce small amounts of lactate and do not exhaust. In contrast, fast-moving, saltatory forms, such as Rana pipiens and Batrachoseps attenuatus, have high levels of lactate generation and are unable to sustain maximal activity. 3. 3. Aquatic species rely on air gulping during activity and show little anaerobiosis. 4. 4. The temperature dependence of anaerobic energy generation is high (Q10 = 1·5–3·9) for all species. 5. 5. Levels of amphibian lactate production are lower than those of lizards and show greater interspecific variation. 6. 6. The rate of lactate production is directly correlated with predator avoidance. Noxious-tasting or aggressive amphibians have low anaerobic scopes; others rely on anaerobiosis for energy for rapid flight. Rapid activity in amphibians appears possible only at the expense of extensive anaerobiosis.
Crack Propagation Studies in Brittle Materials.

An analysis was made of cantilever beam specimens used for crack propagation studies, Included in this analysis were the effects of a plastic zone at the crack tip, beam rotation, and the viscoelastic response of the material. This analysis showed that application of a constant bending moment to the specimen rather than a constant load provides a test in which the strain energy release rate,G, is independent of crack length. Other advantages of this test configuration are that corrections for shear or beam rotation effects are not necessary. Results of this test on both glass and ceramics are reported.
On generalizing shapley's index theory to labelled pseudomanifolds

For a bimatrix game one may visualize two bounded polyhedronsX andY, one for each player. OnX × Y one may visualize, as a graphG, the set of almost-complementary points (see text). $$\bar G$$ consists of an even number of nodes, one for each complementary point (one for the origin, others corresponding to extreme points which are equilibrium points); arcs (extreme point paths of almost complementary points); and possibly loops (paths with no equilibrium points). Shapley has shown that one may assign indices (+) and (?) to nodes, and directions called (+) and (?) to arcs or loops in such a way that, leaving a (+) node one moves always in a (+) direction, terminating at a (?) node. Indices and directions for a point are determined knowing only the point. In this paper, these concepts are generalized to labelled pseudomanifolds. An integer labelling of the vertices identifies theG-set of almost-completely labelled simplexes. It is shown that in order for theG-set of any labelling to be directed as above it is necessary and sufficient that the pseudomanifold be orientable. Realized examples for situations of current interest are also developed.
Maize and pigweed response to nitrogen supply and form

As nitrogen management practices change to achieve economic and environmental goals, effects on weed-crop competition must be examined. Two greenhouse experiments investigated the influence of N amount and form on growth of maize and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.).
Factors affecting detrusor contraction strength during voiding in women

Objective To compare voiding mechanisms in continent and stress incontinent women and to assess the effects of aging, childbirth, menopausal status, and anterior vaginal wall relaxation on detrusor contraction strength during voiding. Methods Thirty-eight asymptomatic female volunteers underwent a thorough evaluation including multichannel urodynamic testing and instrumented pressure-flow voiding studies. The voiding mechanisms and detrusor contraction strengths, available in 30 women, were compared with those of 70 women evaluated previously with objective evidence of genuine stress urinary incontinence. The effect of age, parity, bladder neck mobility, and anterior vaginal wall relaxation on maximum detrusor pressure was assessed using χ 2 and linear regression analyses. Detrusor pressures in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and continent and stress incontinent women were also compared. Results Four types of voiding mechanisms were identified. All 30 of the continent women voided with a detrusor contraction, compared with 59 (84%) of genuine stress incontinent subjects. The mean ± standard deviation [SD]) detrusor contraction was significantly stronger in continent women than incontinent women (20.3 ± 14.2 cm H 2 O compared with 12.3 ± 11.0 cm H 2 O; P 2 O compared with 11.5 ± 11.0 cm H 2 O; P Conclusion Women with genuine stress urinary incontinence may be more likely to void with a weak or absent detrusor contraction than continent women. Menopausal status was the only factor identified that significantly affected maximum detrusor pressure during voiding.
Locally and Free: What Broadcast Radio Still Provides

As was the case with the FCC task force initiative on localism between 2004 and 2006, members of Congress are again taking an interest in the effects of localism in broadcasting. Broadcast radio, the last vestige of “free” broadcasting, has done well in maintaining local service even in the era of consolidation and the competition of satellite delivered radio. This article investigates the current status of broadcast radio and how localism is its saving grace across the nation.
Effects of scale insect herbivory and shading on net gas exchange and growth of a subtropical tree species (Guaiacum sanctum L.).

The scale insect, Toumeyella sp., feeds exclusively on the subtropical hammock tree lignum vitae (Guaiacum sanctum L.). The combined effects of scale herbivory and shading on leaf gas exchange characteristics and growth of lignum vitae trees were studied using a factorial design. Trees grown in full sun or in 75% shade were manually infested with scale or left noninfested. Beginning 4 weeks after infestation, net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal partial pressure of CO2, and water-use efficiency were determined on single-leaves at 4-week intervals for trees in each treatment. At the end of the experiment, net CO2 assimilation was determined for whole plants. Total leaf area, leaf, stem, and root dry weights, and leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations were also determined. Scale infested trees generally had lower net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates as well as less leaf area, and root, stem, and leaf dry weights than noninfested trees. Twenty four weeks after the shade treatment was imposed, sun-grown trees had approximately twice the leaf area of shade-grown trees. Shade-grown trees compensated for the reduced leaf area by increasing their photosynthetic efficiency. This resulted in no difference in light saturated net CO2 assimilation on a whole plant basis between sun-grown and shade-grown trees. Chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations per unit leaf area were greater in leaves of shade-grown trees than in leaves of sun-grown trees. Shading and herbivory by Toumeyella sp. each resulted in decreased growth of Guaiacum sanctum. Scale insect herbivory did not result in greater detrimental effects on leaf gas exchange characteristics for shade-grown than for sun-grown trees. Herbivory by Toumeyella resulted in a greater decrease in tree growth for sun-grown than for shade-grown trees.
A response to the critique of regulation of mail‐order pharmacy

(1991). A response to the critique of regulation of mail‐order pharmacy. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 267-274.
Fine-scale linkage disequilibrium mapping: a comparison of coalescent-based and haplotype-clustering-based methods

Among the various linkage-disequilibrium (LD) fine-mapping methods, two broad classes have received considerable development recently: those based on coalescent theory and those based on haplotype clustering. Using Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 Problem 3 simulated data, the ability of these two classes to localize the causal variation were compared. Our results suggest that a haplotype-clustering-based approach performs favorably, while at the same time requires much less computing than coalescent-based approaches. Further, we observe that 1) when marker density is low, a set of equally spaced single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides better localization than a set of tagging SNPs of equal number; 2) denser sets of SNPs generally lead to better localization, but the benefit diminishes beyond a certain density; 3) larger sample size may do more harm than good when poor selection of markers results in biased LD patterns around the disease locus. These results are explained by how well the set of selected markers jointly approximates the expected LD pattern around a disease locus.
The politics of hybridity and mestizaje in U.S. Latino popular music

Theories of mestizaje have long been used to analyze and interpret the hybridity of Latin American cultures and identities, but mestizaje –as well as its critiques– do not map neatly onto the social, cultural and political landscape in which U.S. Latino communities and their musical productions are embedded. In addressing the deep fault lines at the intersections of Latin American concepts of mestizaje and the United States’ bipolar concepts of race and racial identity, this essay sheds light on the very concrete and material impacts these conceptual descrepancies have had on U.S. Latino communities and their musical practices.
Portfolio Peer Review: A Tool for Program Change

Abstract The authors of this article describe one university's use of annual peer review as a significant tool for achieving cultural changes in the business and accounting department. These changes were necessary for adjustment to the new institutional mission and successful achievement of business and accounting accreditation. The faculty members implemented an annual peer review of all aspects of faculty performance by requiring and evaluating an annual faculty portfolio. Each portfolio included evidentiary records about all aspects of faculty performance, including teaching, advising, service, and scholarly accomplishments. This summary of the faculty portfolio initiative should be useful to other institutions planning similar changes.
Higher order boundary elements for shape optimization using rational B-splines

Abstract The geometric description of boundary elements for two-dimensional problems using rational B-splines is introduced. Higher order hierarchical shape functions based on the Legendre polynomials are used for the displacement and traction approximations. This method is suitable for use in structural shape optimization. A sensitivity analysis is derived. The methodology is applied to the cross-sectional torsion problem. Maximization of the torsional rigidity and mass minimization under stress constraints are handled. Numerical examples complete the presentation.
Smoking Experimentation, Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, and associated Psychosocial and Demographic Correlates among Mexican Origin Youth

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may deter adolescents from smoking initiation and psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with both physical activity and smoking experimen- tation may play a role. This paper examines such psychosocial factors across four groups of adolescents identified by crossing smoking experimentation (yes/no) with completion of regular MVPA (yes/no). In 2008- 09, 1,098 Mexican origin youth (553 girls and 546 boys, mean age 14.3 years (SD=1.04)) provided data on smoking behavior, physical activity, alcohol use, acculturation, peer and parental smoking, BMI, body im- age, smoking outcome expectations, anxiety, subjective social status (SSS), body image, and sensation- seeking tendencies. We conducted Pearson's χ 2 tests to examine associations between a) MVPA and smoking and b) demographic variables and the four groups identified by crossing smoking experimentation with MVPA. Next, adjusting for age and gender, we completed analysis of covariance to examine differ- ences in psychosocial factors across the four groups. In our sample, 22.4% had experimented with ciga- rettes, and 29.3% completed adequate MVPA. Both behaviors were more prevalent among boys. Although not statistically significantly higher, 32.9% of experimenters completed adequate MVPA compared to 28.3% among non-experimenters. Experimenters who complete adequate MVPA reported the highest lev- els of thrill and adventure seeking, while those who completed inadequate MVPA reported lower SSS and more body image concerns than non-experimenters (p<0.05 for all). Our findings highlight an opportunity to address MVPA as an alternative to smoking among Mexican origin youth with high thrill and adventure sensation-seeking tendencies, 82% of whom have experimented and 69% of whom completed MVPA.
Global Screen Shots

The Harbourfront Centre World Stage opened its season with the #artlive Vogue Ball, playing the hashtag of social media, itself a form of mediated performance, against the “realness” of the New York drag world. This programming decision broadcasted questions of authenticity, identity, and representation that would emerge as the most salient links among this year’s otherwise distinct offerings, alongside a corresponding interest in the consequences of performance’s ongoing appropriation of media. In addition to a host of international performances, World Stage has also dedicated resources to cultivating original work. These concerns were apparent across a range of works, from Kyle Abraham’s dance The Radio Show to a newly commissioned audio play from Fixt Point, titled The Tale of Harbourfront Centre, as well as in the festival’s embrace of a broad-based media platform. The festival’s strength, however, came from those offerings that were more difficult to absorb, bringing questions of contemporary culture, media, and politics to the forefront.