cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The future of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

(2001). The future of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 104-120.
Conceptualizing Global Justice Audiences of Alternative Media: The Need for Power and Ideology in Performance Paradigms of Audience Research

The following essay examines the development of paradigms of the audience used in mass communication research and the problems that occur when audience performance perspectives such as the Spectacle/Performance Paradigm (SPP) are utilized to examine resistance groups or protest groups as audiences of alternative media. The SPP provides excellent insight into the functions and performances of the audience in everyday modern life, but this is problematic whenever such perspectives are used to examine protest groups—particularly global justice movements. The essay concludes by providing some ideas on how to introduce power and ideology to the SPP and social constructionist views of alternative media audiences through feminist standpoint theories. The following paper was presented for the Communication Theory Division at the 2003 Western States Communication Association Conference in Salt Lake City, UT. The author would like to thank his friend and colleague Debbie S. Dougherty for her advice, guidance, and e...
Some Applications of Gröbner Bases in Robotics and Engineering

Grobner bases in polynomial rings have numerous applications in geometry, applied mathematics, and engineering. We show a few applications of Grobner bases in robotics, formulated in the language of Clifford algebras, and in engineering to the theory of curves, including Fermat and Bezier cubics, and interpolation functions used in finite element theory.
An Improved Model of the Equatorial Troposphere and Its Coupling with the Stratosphere

Abstract The Wind-Induced Sea–Air Heat Exchange (WISHE) Model of the 30–60-day oscillation developed by Emanuel is improved by adding downdrafts to the representation of convection and by coupling the troposphere to a passive stratosphere into which equatorial waves may propagate. The downdrafts are associated with a precipitation efficiency that is less than unity; this means that not all of the adiabatic cooling due to ascent in a wave disturbance can be countered by condensation heating, and the wave therefore “feels” a stable stratification as in the work of Neelin et al. As in the latter's model, growth rates of eastward-propagating Kelvin-like modes asymptote to a constant at large zonal wavenumber. The presence of the stratosphere is shown to have a profound effect on the unstable tropospheric modes. As the upward group velocity is larger for smaller zonal wavelengths, short waves in the troposphere are strongly damped and the most unstable mode shifts to low wavenumbers.
Developing Context and Background Underlying Cognitive Intervention/Training Studies in Older Populations

Underlying the attempt to change behavior or improve performance by virtue of intervention or training is the notion that change is possible and that plasticity, life-course malleability, and compensation are well-recognized concepts of life-span development. The cognition and aging literature reveals that there are a growing number of context and background variables against which the effectiveness of intervention/training can be judged beyond the intrinsic motivations for change. In this introductory article to a special issue on cognitive intervention and training, we briefly discuss several of these background variables.
Matrix Metalloproteinases Are Modifiers of Huntingtin Proteolysis and Toxicity in Huntington's Disease

Summary Proteolytic cleavage of huntingtin (Htt) is known to be a key event in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). Our understanding of proteolytic processing of Htt has thus far focused on the protease families — caspases and calpains. Identifying critical proteases involved in Htt proteolysis and toxicity using an unbiased approach has not been reported. To accomplish this, we designed a high-throughput western blot-based screen to examine the generation of the smallest N-terminal polyglutamine-containing Htt fragment. We screened 514 siRNAs targeting the repertoire of human protease genes. This screen identified 11 proteases that, when inhibited, reduced Htt fragment accumulation. Three of these belonged to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. One family member, MMP-10, directly cleaves Htt and prevents cell death when knocked down in striatal Hdh 111Q/111Q cells. Correspondingly, MMPs are activated in HD mouse models, and loss of function of Drosophila homologs of MMPs suppresses Htt-induced neuronal dysfunction in vivo. PaperClip
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: Model of Bronchopulmonary Disease with Defined Serologic, Radiologic, Pathologic and Clinical Findings from Asthma to Fatal Destructive Lung Disease

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) complicates asthma and results in immunologic lung destruction. Respiratory failure or fatalities from end-stage fibrotic lung disease have occurred in patients in the third and fourth decades of life. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis may be confirmed in patients with varying severity of asthma from minimal to corticosteroid-dependent and has been reported to occur in approximately 10 percent of patients with cystic fibrosis. It has been documented in infants and children, the geriatric patient with asthma, in the presence of a normal chest roentgenogram, in the corticosteroid-dependent asthmatic patient, and on a familial basis. The pathogenesis of ABPA is unclear, but may be related to the array of immunologic abnormalities including! 1) elevation of total serum IgE, not all of which is directed to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af); 2) elevated serum IgE-Af, IgG-Af and IgA-Af; 3) precipitating antibodies to Af; 4) hyperreactivity of peripheral blood basophils to Af and other molds; and 5) sensitized lymphocytes. Research in ABPA should be multidisciplinary and initially should include investigators in allergy-immunology, mycology, pulmonary, and epidemiology.
Tunneling and Short Channel Effects in Ultrascaled InGaAs Double Gate MOSFETs

Full-band quantum transport simulations are performed to study the scaling of InGaAs MOSFETs. Short-channel effects evoke severe performance degradation in InGaAs MOSFETs and the tunneling leakage further deteriorates their performances. Reducing the body width is shown to suppress the short channel effects. Doping densities show big impacts on device performances. With inhomogeneous doping InGaAs could outperform Si at gate lengths below 15 nm with 5-nm body width. The density of state bottleneck does not affect InGaAs in simulated devices at 0.5 V supply voltage. At the ultrascaled dimensions the full band simulations are essential to capture strong nonparabolic dispersion. Comparison with a multivalley effective mass model shows that the population of higher conduction band valleys contributes to the total current at thin body widths.
Evaluation of Meteorological Airborne Doppler Radar. Part II: Triple-Doppler Analyses of Air Motions

Abstract This is Part II of a paper dealing with the capabilities and use of airborne Doppler radar to observe motions within storms. Part I deals with dual-Doppler analyses of convective storm structure, using airborne and combinations of airborne and ground-based Doppler radars. Part I also discusses basics of airborne Doppler radar data processing. This paper discusses the capabilities of the airborne Doppler radar when used with ground-based radars in a triple-Doppler radar group. The data analyzed consist of ground-based dual-Doppler radar observations of a severe, microburst-producing storm, and airborne Doppler radar observations of the same storm. Comparisons of a ground-based dual-Doppler analysis with the triple-Doppler analysis support the validity of the airborne data. It is concluded that airborne Doppler radar data are likely to make major contributions to kinematic analysis of storm structure and related research topics. Guidelines are given that describe the area within which airborne Dopp...
Specific heat of TSeF-TCNQ

Abstract We have measured the specific heat of single crystals of TSeF-TCNQ. Anomalies are observed at Ta = 28 K and Tb = 33 K, indicating that there are two phase transitions, presumably reflecting the separate condensation of the charge-density-wave on the TSeF and TCNQ conducting chains. The total increase of the specific heat on cooling through both transitions is larger than the value estimated from mean-field theory, as expected for transitions in a quasi-one dimensional material, but, because of the proximity of the two transitions, it is not possible to unambiguously determine the specific heat baseline and hence the magnitude of the specific heat step. A sharp peak in specific heat is also observed at Ta; if the entropy contained in this peak is to be associated with locking of the charge-density-wave phases on the two conducting chains, its large size implies a surprisingly small phase coherent volume.
Involvement of hippocampus in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

The hippocampus is generally believed to be only rarely affected in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In a systematic study of the hippocampus in 6 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, the stratum moleculare-lacunosum showed a definite spongiform change with gliosis in 5 cases. The stratum radiatum et pyramidale showed spongiform change in 3 of the 5 cases. The subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum and entorhinal cortex were involved in all the cases. These results suggest that involvement of the hippocampus may not be uncommon in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The stratum moleculare-lacunosum seems to be the site preferentially affected. This pathology may contribute to progression of dementia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Should bisphosphonates be utilized in the adjuvant setting for breast cancer

Adjuvant therapies for early breast cancer are associated with substantial decreases in bone mineral density. Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive agents that have an established role in preventing skeletal morbidity in patients with bone metastases and in the treatment of osteoporosis. Recently, several trials have demonstrated the efficacy of bone-directed agents for prevention of cancer treatment-induced bone loss in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer. Moreover, it is now becoming evident that bisphosphonates may also exert anticancer effects in the adjuvant setting. For example, long-term follow-up of a study in patients with bone marrow micrometastases from breast cancer revealed overall survival benefits for clodronate versus placebo, and an ongoing large trial may provide further insights. Addition of twice-yearly zoledronic acid to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy significantly improved disease-free survival and decreased disease recurrence compared with standard therapy alone in 3 clinical trials involving nearly 3,500 patients with stage I-IIIA breast cancer, and monthly zoledronic acid during neoadjuvant therapy decreased residual tumor volume and improved pathologic response in patients with stage II/III breast cancer. Overall, a large and growing body of evidence suggests the potential adjuvant benefits of bisphosphonates in early breast cancer.
Acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity: A normal granulopoietic regulator within long term mouse bone marrow cultures

Long term murine bone marrow cultures maintain orderly granulopoiesis for several months. Assay of cell free supernatant obtained at weekly feedings from control cultures demonstrated endogeneously produced acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity. Addition of 10(9) M acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity to long term cultures gave a trend toward fewer nonadherent cells and fewer colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) per flask, but this was not statistically significant. Media conditioned by each fraction of velocity sedimentation separated non-adherent cells gave two discrete peaks of inhibition at 5.6 and 6.8-9 mm/h, respectively. Acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity was restricted to the sharp peak at 5.6 mm/h. Media conditioned by each fraction of velocity sedimentation separated adherent layer cells did not contain assayable acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity. Tests for an endogeneously produced soluble inactivator of acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity were negative. The constitutive production and release of acidic isoferritin inhibitory activity by a restricted population of cells within long term marrow cultures supports the concept of this molecule as a normal hematopoietic regulator.
New strategies for targeting matrix metalloproteinases

The development of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors has often been frustrated by a lack of specificity and subsequent off-target effects. More recently, inhibitor design has considered secondary binding sites (exosites) to improve specificity. Small molecules and peptides have been developed that bind exosites in the catalytic (CAT) domain of MMP-13, the CAT or hemopexin-like (HPX) domain of MT1-MMP, and the collagen binding domain (CBD) of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Antibody-based approaches have resulted in selective inhibitors for MMP-9 and MT1-MMP that target CAT domain exosites. Triple-helical "mini-proteins" have taken advantage of collagen binding exosites, producing a family of novel probes. A variety of non-traditional approaches that incorporate exosite binding into the design process has yielded inhibitors with desirable selectivities within the MMP family.
Long-range Coulomb interactions in small Si devices. Part I: Performance and reliability

In the ever smaller silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors of the present technology, electrons in the conductive channel are subject to increasingly stronger long-range Coulomb interactions with high-density electron gases present in the source, drain, and gate regions. We first discuss how two-dimensional, self-consistent full-band Monte Carlo/Poisson simulations can be tailored to reproduce correctly the semiclassical behavior of a high-density electron gas. We then employ these simulations to show that for devices with channel lengths shorter than about 40 nm and oxides thinner than about 2.5 nm, the long-range Coulomb interactions cause a significant reduction of the electron velocity, and so a degradation of the performance of the devices. In addition, the strong “thermalization” of the hot-electron energy distribution induced by Coulomb interactions has an effect on the expected reliability of the transistors.
Glacier Impacts on Summer Streamflow in the Wind River Range, Wyoming

AbstractThe Wind River Range (WRR) of Wyoming is host to approximately 63 glaciers. Extensive research has been conducted using remote imagery to estimate the recent area and volume changes of these glaciers with the goal of estimating the potential effects of these changes on watershed streamflow. Results show that the glaciers were mostly in recession since 1966, the beginning of the study period. The current research was performed to supplement results from the remote imagery analyses. In this paper, streamflows from glaciated and nonglaciated watersheds in the WRR for the period 1967–1992 were analyzed. The difference in July-August-September (JAS) watershed flow magnitude for the 26-year period between glaciated (Green River and Bull Lake Creek) and nonglaciated (East Fork River and Wind River) watersheds ranged between 8 and 23%. As expected, the effects of glaciers on local streamflows during JAS were shown to be much greater than that of ice melt alone. The influence of glaciers accounted for 23–5...
High field breakdown characteristics of carbon nanotube thin film transistors

The high field properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) network thin film transistors (CN-TFTs) are important for their practical operation, and for understanding their reliability. Using a combination of experimental and computational techniques we show how the channel geometry (length LC and width WC) and network morphology (average CNT length Lt and alignment angle distribution ) affect heat dissipation and high field breakdown in such devices. The results suggest that when WC Lt, the breakdown voltage remains independent of WC but varies linearly with LC. The breakdown power varies almost linearly with both WC and LC when WC Lt. We also find that the breakdown power is more susceptible to the variability in the network morphology compared to the breakdown voltage. The analysis offers new insight into the tunable heat dissipation and thermal reliability of CN-TFTs, which can be significantly improved through optimization of the network morphology and device geometry.
Low bit-rate frequency extension coding

There are now a number of applications, most notably streamed Internet audio, which require audio and speech to be encoded at a low bit rate, typically 16 kbit/sec or below. To achieve an acceptable quality, the original signal is normally low-pass filtered to somewhere between 4 and 5.5 kHz before encoding. Rather than discard the upper frequency band completely, we propose encoding just the noise component of it using about 500 bits/sec. This greatly enhances contemporary music and close-microphone speech, but has little effect on classical music. The process can be used to enhance any audio or speech codec, knowing only its encoding/decoding delay.
22q11 chromosome abnormalities and the cleft service

Deletion of chromosome 22q11 gives rise to a spectrum of anomalies, including cleft palate. These are grouped together as the DiGeorge or velocardiofacial syndrome. Patients with this chromosomal abnormality account for a small, but noteworthy proportion of patients attending our cleft service. They frequently have other significant comorbidities consistent with their diagnosis. Over a ten-year period, 16 patients within our cleft service have been diagnosed, using chromosome analysis, as having deletions at 22q11. All had either a cleft palate and/or velopharyngeal incompetence, for which they underwent repair of the cleft palate or pharyngoplasty. Several have required secondary palate surgery following initial palate surgery. Poor quality of speech was the indication for secondary procedures in the majority of cases. Fourteen of the 16 have other comorbidities, ranging from congenital heart disease to ocular abnormalities. In addition, 15 of the 16 have developmental delays and/or learning difficulties. Other specialties, such as ENT, cardiology, genetics and ophthalmology have been involved in the care of all these patients. Although comprising only a small proportion of patients attending a cleft team, the diagnosis of this chromosomal abnormality is significant, as these patients may require substantial input of resources and the expertise of several specialties. Early recognition of features of this entity and diagnosis can aid more efficient intervention.
Hydration and preferential molecular adsorption on titanium in vitro

Abstract Surface sensitive spectroscopies, Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron (XPS), were used to determine changes in titanium oxide composition, oxide stoichiometry and adsorbed surface species as a function of exposure to human serum in a balanced electrolyte (serum/SIE) and 8.0 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a balanced electrolyte (EDTA/SIE) at 37°C. Before immersion, the oxide was near ideal TiO 2 , covered by two types of hydroxyl groups: acidic OH(s) with oxygens doubly coordinated to titanium and basic Ti-OH groups singly coordinated. After extended exposure to both solutions, up to 5000 h (ca. 208 d), the surface concentration of OH groups increased and non-elemental P appeared. The P LVV Auger transition and P 2p spectra indicated the peak positions were similar to reference phosphate compounds. The adsorbed phosphate species were presumed to be either Ti-H 2 PO 4 or Ti-HPO 4 − . The XPS data suggested that a lipoprotein and/or glycolipid film was adsorbed to the specimens exposed to serum/SIE. Analysis of the preferential lipoprotein/glycolipid adsorption using electrostatic bonding concepts contributed to the refinement of the hierarchical model for the Ti-tissue interface. The salient features are that Ti metal is not in direct contact with the biological milieu, rather there is a gradual transition from the bulk metal, near-stoichiometric oxide, Ca and P substituted hydrated oxide, adsorbed lipoproteins and glycolipids, proteoglycans, collagen filaments and bundles to cells.
Nursing Care of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Implications of the Treatment Continuum Concept

Objectives To discuss oncology nurses’ roles in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and review the toxicities and nursing management strategies for chemotherapy agents and targeted therapies. Data Sources Current research, clinical literature, and Internet sources. Conclusion Knowledge of the current therapies approved in the treatment of mCRC is essential in the care of diagnosed patients. Comprehensive assessment and management of associated toxicities of therapy is integral to patient care. Implications for Nursing Practice Oncology nurses have important roles in assessing patients for appropriate therapy and providing timely interventions, which may reduce therapy-associated toxicities and maximize treatment efficacy.
Fragmentation hierarchy of bright sungrazing comets and the birth and orbital evolution of the Kreutz system. I. Two-superfragment model

A back-and-forth orbit integration technique, developed for our previous investigation of the splitting of the parent of the sungrazers C/1882 R1 and C/1965 S1, is now applied in an effort to understand the history and orbital evolution of the Kreutz sungrazer system, starting with the birth of two subgroups, which show prominently among the bright members and whose inception dates back to the progenitor's breakup into two superfragments. The integration technique is used to reproduce the motion of comet C/1843 D1 - the second brightest sungrazer known and presumably the most massive surviving piece of superfragment I - from the motion of C/1882 R1 - the brightest sungrazer on record and arguably the most massive surviving piece of superfragment II. Running the orbit of C/1882 R1 back to A.D. 326, the progenitor comet is found to have split at a heliocentric distance of 50 AU and nearly 30 yr before perihelion. The superfragments acquired separation velocities of similar to8 m s(-1) in opposite directions. Using the same technique, we show next that (1) the motions of two additional sungrazers, C/1880 C1 and C/1887 B1, are matched extremely well if these objects shared a common parent with C/1843 D1, and (2) C/1963 R1 (Pereyra), the second brightest subgroup I member on record, is more closely related to subgroup II objects (such as C/1882 R1 and C/1965 S1) than to C/1843 D1. This finding raises serious doubts about the major role of the subgroups in the system's orbital history and offers an incentive for considering an alternative dynamical scenario. The fragmentation models for C/1963 R1 and two additional bright sungrazers, C/1945 X1 and C/1970 K1, suggest that (1) these comets may have been the most massive pieces of the fragment populations formed from their respective disintegrating parents, and (2) the course of evolution of the Kreutz system at the upper end of the mass spectrum may be better ascertained from the distribution of the sungrazers' arrival times than from the sources of subgroups. If so, the fragment hierarchy should be determined primarily by the cascading nature of the fragmentation process, which was recently shown by Sekanina to control the evolution of minor fragments as well. The sungrazer system's estimated age is in any case very short, less than 1700 yr.
Design of an electromagnetic accelerator for turbulent hydrodynamic mix studies

An electromagnetic accelerator in the form of a linear electric motor (LEM) has been designed to achieve controlled acceleration profiles of a carriage containing hydrodynamically unstable fluids for the investigation of the development of turbulent mix. Key features of the design include: (1) independent control of acceleration, deceleration and augmentation currents to provide a variety of acceleration-time profiles, (2) a robust support structure to minimize deflection and dampen vibration which could create artifacts in the data interfering with the intended study, and (3) a compliant, nonarcing solid armature allowing optimum electrical contact. Electromagnetic modeling codes were used to optimize the rail and augmentation coil positions within the support structure framework. Design of the driving armature and the dynamic electromagnetic braking system is based on results of contemporary studies for nonarcing sliding contact of solid armatures. A 0.6 MJ electrolytic capacitor bank is used for energy storage to drive the LEM. This report will discuss a LEM and armature design which will accelerate masses of up to 3 kg to a maximum of about 3000g/sub 0/, where g/sub 0/ is acceleration due to gravity. >
O1-S05.04 Increased risk for Trichomonas vaginalis in an urban population of young adults

Background The epidemiology of T vaginalis (TV) in the general population is not well understood, although it is reported to be the most common curable sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Surveillance data do not exist either for US national or local populations. Infection with TV increases the likelihood of HIV acquisition and has been associated with adverse health outcomes in men and women. Methods The Monitoring STIs Survey Program (MSSP) used telephone audio computer-assisted self-interview technology and specimen collection kits sent out and returned by mail to monitor T vaginalis and C trachomatis among a probability sample of 15 to 35-year-olds residing in Baltimore, MD from September 2006 through June 2009. Specimens were tested using TMA-based APTIMA assays. Weighted estimates of infection prevalence by respondents9 sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics were tabulated using poisson regression. Results 2120 of 2936 respondents (72.2%) provided specimens for STI testing. The prevalence of TV was 7.5% (95% CI 6.0% to 9.0%) and was significantly higher among women (11.8%) than men (2.9%; PR=4.0, 95% CI 2.2% to 7.4%). Among Black females, the estimated prevalence was 16.1% (95% CI 1.0% to 19.8). Levels of TV infection ranged from 7.3% (95% CI 4.7% to 11.2) among 15-19 year olds to 10.6% (95% CI 7.6% to 14.7) among those aged 20-24 years and 6.6% (95% CI 4.5% to 9.6) among 30-35 year olds (p=0.39 for linear trend). Infection with T vaginalis was more common than infection with C trachomatis (3.9%, 95% CI 2.7% to 5.0%; p Conclusions: Undetected T vaginalis is common among young adults in Baltimore, particularly among women. Nearly one-fourth of respondents with chlamydial infection also tested positive for TV. Unlike chlamydial infection, the prevalence of TV was consistently high across all age groups. Our results provide strong support for routine screening for TV in conjunction with CT in populations at elevated risk of infection.
Divine Legislation as “Ceremonial Script”: Mendelssohn on the Commandments

My aim in this essay is to analyze a section of Moses Mendelssohn's Jerusalem largely ignored by previous readers. The treatise has generally been recognized as epochal in the history of modern Judaism, and Altmann, Guttmann, Rawidowicz, and Rotenstreich have therefore focused quite understandably on that which made it so: the novel political theory set forth in part 1, or the controversial assertion near the start of part 2 that Judaism “knows of no revealed religion” in the common sense of that term, its uniqueness consisting only in the “divine legislation” revealed to the Jews at Sinai. Only Heinemann has made a serious attempt to unravel Mendels sohn's tortuous explanation of the “divine legislation” as “a kind of living script,” and his often excellent account is marred by explicit Orthodox apologetic and utter reverence for Mendelssohn, both of which prevent him from seeing just how radical a theory of the commandments Jerusalem sets forth.3 Mendelssohn coyly terms most of the section devoted to this theory a “digression.“ Altmann notes charitably that it contains not only “some flights of speculation” but “the least substantiated of all [the] theories Mendelssohn ever advanced.”
Reconstructing a nonminimum phase response from the far-field power pattern of an electromagnetic system

A new technique for reconstructing the nonminimum phase function from magnitude-only data is presented in this paper. The nonminimum phase function is reconstructed by utilizing the fact that the discrete Fourier transform of the far field power pattern is equal to the autocorrelation of the equivalent spatial current distribution on the electromagnetic structure. An all-pass filter representation is also used to reduce the computational load in computing the nonminimum phase function. The solution for the phase is not unique but is up to a linear phase delay between the actual phase function and the phase produced by the current approach. However, we generate a solution which has a spatially causal response, as the antennas are all finite in size. This approach is applied to the synthesis of nonminimum phase functions from the magnitude only antenna pattern. Several examples dealing with single antennas and antenna arrays have been simulated to illustrate the applicability of this approach.
Patient Empanelment: The Importance of Understanding Who Is at Home in the Medical Home

The policy brief by Peterson et al[1][1] in this issue of the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine presents a concise and provocative analysis of panel size estimation by family physicians. Empanelment is a foundational building block of high-performing primary care.[2][2] Family
Solar Particle Events and Self-Organized Criticality: Are Deterministic Predictions of Events Possible?

Evidence is presented that solar particle events are a self-organized critical phenomenon. Using daily and monthly fluences of solar protons measured by the IMP-8 and GOES satellite instrumentation over a 28-year period, long-term correlation of events, fractal characteristics and power function behavior for the density functions of fluence magnitudes and waiting times are demonstrated. The implications are that it is not possible to predict the time of occurrence and magnitude of solar particle events within narrow limits.
Dilemmas of Masculinity: A Study of College Youth

In Dilemmas of Masculinity, noted sociologist Mirra Komarovsky turns her attention to the consequences of feminism among women on the lives of men. As she'd documented in Women in the Modern World, and would again in Women in College, women's lives had changed enormously in the thirty-plus years Komarovsky taught at Barnard College. Women now are able to own their intelligence without apology, and most of the women had career aspirations that were equal to the men across the street at Columbia. In fieldwork conducted with Columbia College seniors in 1969-1970, she continually found that women's newly claimed freedoms, however, sat uneasily on men who had been raised in traditional homes. On the one hand, they respected women's intellectual achievements and even welcomed women's career aspirations. The campus ethos 'demanded that men pay at least lip service to liberal attitudes towards working wives,' Komarovsky wrote in an article based on the research. On the other hand, they didn't want to sacrifice any of the privileges they had been taught to expect - that their wives would do virtually all the child care and housework. As a result, the men were utterly unprepared for the new world of gender equality that women were beginning to demand.
Herpes Zoster Caused by Vaccine-Strain Varicella Zoster Virus in an Immunocompetent Recipient of Zoster Vaccine

We report the first laboratory-documented case of herpes zoster caused by the attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) contained in Zostavax in a 68-year-old immunocompetent adult with strong evidence of prior wild-type VZV infection. The complete genome sequence of the isolate revealed that the strain carried 15 of 42 (36%) recognized varicella vaccine-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including all 5 of the fixed vaccine markers present in nearly all of the strains in the vaccine. The case of herpes zoster was relatively mild and resolved without complications.
An analysis of structural factors in schizophrenic delusions

A previous factor analysis of delusional properties, scored from verbatim typescripts of interviews held with 32 schizophrenic patients, had generated four interpretable factors. The present study considered the meaning of these qualitative factors in terms of their relationships to four types of information potentially important to understanding the development or maintenance of delusions--sex gender, intelligence, chronicity, and type of delusion (e.g., persecution, grandeur). The possible contribution of factorial structure to understanding delusional behavior was indicated by the number of relationships found between these factors and the independent variables.
Finite element method for mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication of journal‐bearing systems

A finite element model is presented for mixed lubrication of journal-bearing systems operating in adverse conditions. The asperity effects on contact and lubrication at large eccentricity ratios are modelled. The elastic deformation due to both hydrodynamic and contact pressure, and the cavitation of the lubricant film are considered in the model system. Two verification problems with both theoretical and experimental comparisons are given to show the effectiveness of this model. Finally, a new example is presented which discusses the influence of waviness depth, secondary roughness, external force and shaft speed on the mixed lubrication. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
His Bundle Recordings in Patients with Bundle Branch Block and Transient Neurologic Symptoms

His bundle electrograms were recorded in 19 patients with bundle branch block (BBB) and transient neurologic symptoms allowing for determination of intra-atrial (P-A), atrioventricular (A-V), nodal (A-H) as well as infranodal conduction (H-Q) times. The patients were initially monitored in a coronary care unit and have been followed for a mean period of 8 ± 4 months. In six patients (Group I) neurologic symptoms were observed in the absence of electrocardiographic evidence of A-V block. In six patients (Group II) the cause of symptoms was uncertain; two of these patients had relief of symptoms after permanent cardiac pacemaker insertion and were presumed to have episodic high grade A-V block. In seven subjects (Group III) complete A-V block was documented as the cause of the symptoms; these patients were studied when 1:1 antegrade A-V conduction returned. There was no significant difference between mean P-A, A-H, and QRS durations among the patients in the three groups. Mean H-Q (89 ± 20 msec) for Group I...
Ultra-Low Power Control System for Maximal Energy Harvesting From Short Duration Vibrations

With the advent of ultra-low power sensor packages, there is renewed interest in harvesting vibration energy to power them, thus creating a self sustaining battery-less sensor system. The optimal algorithms previously developed in literature to harvest vibration energy are complex and hence require controllers that consume a significant amount of power. The relatively high power requirement combined with the inherent complex design of these algorithms would also limit them to only applications in which sustained vibration energy is available for harvesting. To address these issues, this paper presents new control systems to optimize the amount of energy harvested from short duration vibrations. Only algorithms that can be implemented using simple ultra-low power analog electronic components are considered. The first algorithm termed ?fixed threshold switching?, has been adapted from literature on harvesting energy from sustained vibration. The second and third algorithms are new optimal control algorithms termed ?maximum voltage switching? and ?switched inductor?, respectively. The three algorithms are theoretically evaluated and compared for a short duration vibration application. The final section of this paper presents experimental results from the implementation of all the three algorithms on a new battery-less wireless traffic sensor.
Perturbation expansion for the field scattered by a small cylinder in the presence of a neighboring cylinder

A physically motivated, first order perturbation procedure for the scattered field due to a small cylinder in the neighborhood of an arbitrarily sized cylinder is postulated and implemented. The excitation is a plane wave and both circular cylinders are acoustically soft. Results are compared with the accurate solution from a modal boundary value problem.
In vitro characterization and micromechanics of tumor cell chemotactic protrusion, locomotion, and extravasation.

The objective of this paper is to introduce some novel in vitro applications in characterizing human melanoma cell protrusion and migration in response to soluble extracellu- lar matrix protein stimulation. Specifically, we describe two assay systems: ~1! dual-micropipette manipulation and ~2! flow-migration chamber. Applications of the dual-micropipet technique provided kinetic measure of cell movement, cyclic pseudopod protrusion, and subsequent cell locomotion gov- erned by chemotactic molecular transport dynamics. Chemo- tactic concentration gradient was found to influence signifi- cantly pseudopod protrusion frequency and locomotion speed, but not the protrusion extension. To further characterize active tumor cell extravasation, a process that involves dynamic tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelium under flow conditions and subsequent transendothelial migration in response to chemotactic signals from the interstitial space, we developed a flow-migration chemotaxis system. This assay enabled charac- terization of tumor cell transcellular migration in terms of chemotactic signal gradients, shear forces, and cell-substrate adhesion. Results suggest that shear flow plays significant roles in tumor cell extravasation that is regulated by both tumor cell motility and tumor cell adhesion to endothelial molecules in a cooperative process. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society. @DOI: 10.1114/1.1468889#
A novel muscle sodium channel mutation causes painful congenital myotonia

Mutations in the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunit gene (SCN4A) have been associated with a spectrum of inherited nondystrophic myotonias and periodic paralyses. Most disease-associated SCN4A alleles occur in portions of the gene that encode the third and fourth repeat domains with the conspicuous absence of mutations in domain 1. Here we describe a family segregating an unusual autosomal dominant congenital myotonia associated with debilitating pain especially severe in the intercostal muscles. A novel SCN4A mutation causing the replacement of Val445 in the sixth transmembrane segment of domain 1 with methionine was discovered in all affected individuals and is the likely genetic basis for the syndrome. Myotonia was resistant to treatment; however, the most severely affected family member responded dramatically to the sodium channel blocking agent flecainide.
Chairs' welcome message

Welcome to the 2009 IEEE International High Level Design Validation and Test Workshop, the 14th in a series of events that explores emerging trends, innovative research and scalable solutions in the areas of validation and test for electronic systems. The two day technical program includes exciting sessions on topics such as design validation approaches at RTL and at system-level, high-level modeling techniques to assist validation, formal verification, and post-silicon validation and debug.
Correlating the Prevalence and Severity of Anaemia amongst HIV Infected Adults Males and Females Attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Anaemia is an independent risk factor for disease progression and death in persons with HIV infection. The prevalence and severity of anaemia was therefore correlated amongst 300 Cameroonian adult males and females who were diagnosed with the HIV infection at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Four different haemoglobin concentrations were used as cut off points to categorize anaemia into mild anaemia (Hb ≤ 10g/dl); clear – cut anaemia (Hb ≤ 9g/dl); severe anaemia (Hb ≤7g/dl) and critically severe anaemia (Hb ≤ 5g/dl). A cell – Dyn 3200 blood analyzer was used to determine the haemoglobin concentration of the different groups of patients. Results obtained showed that the mean haemoglobin concentration of the HIV infected males (10.08 ± 0.4g/dl) significantly decreased (p <0.05) compared to the mean haemoglobin concentration of the HIV free control (14.0 ± 0.14g/dl). The mean haemoglobin concentration of the HIV infected females (8.76 ± 10.5g/dl) also decreased significantly (p <0.05) compared to the HIV free control (12.1 ± 0.8g/dl). The prevalence of mild anaemia, clear – cut anaemia, severe anaemia and critically severe anaemia were 43.3%, 40%, 4.7% and 0% in males and 25.3%, 60%, 4.7% and 10% in females respectively. The results obtained from this study indicates that the severity of anaemia in higher in HIV infected adult females than adult males attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital.
Lawyer Competence and Lawyer Discipline: Beyond the Bar?

Limited structural changes to the currently ineffective bar grievance process can strengthen the process and enable grievance administrators to respond to complaints that allege lawyer incompetence.
Involvement of the Critical Band in Identification, Perceived Distance, and Discrimination of Vowels

Psychoacoustic models of vowel perception typically assume a critical-bandwidth filter, CBF, at the first stage of auditory frequency analysis (e.g., Zwicker et al., 1979; Searle et al., 1979). In spite of the apparent consensus about the validity of the CBF assumption, little perceptual evidence relating CBF to vowel perception is available. The most compelling perceptual evidence appears to be the high correlation observed between perceptual vowel spaces and physical vowel spaces obtained from the output of a bank of 1/3 oct filters (e.g., Pols et al., 1969). This perceptual evidence is not only indirect, but in addition is limited to one aspect of vowel perception: similarity judgments. The present study attempts to examine more directly and in greater detail the contribution of CBF to vowel perception. To obtain more direct evidence, listeners were required to judge changes in vowel formant frequency that were equal in terms of critical bandwidth units. The perceptual consequences of such acoustic changes were examined at the level of identification, ratings of phonetic goodness, and pair-wise discrimination of vowels. The study employed two different back-front place of articulation vowel continua. These continua were presented to normal listeners and to sensorineural hearing impaired listeners.
Elective course for pharmacy students on practice-based learning taught by pharmacy residents and fellows

While many pharmacy graduates consider a career in academia, relatively few actually seek an academic position. Various methods, including formal teaching certificate programs, are being used to increase graduates’ awareness of faculty positions.[1][1]–[5][2] In our area of South Florida, a
Fluoride stimulation of canine neutrophils: the role of calcium binding.

AbstractNeutrophils are known to undergo a burst of metabolic activity in response to particulate and soluble stimuli. Most of these stimuli depend upon calcium in the extracellular medium to exert their maximal effects. We have shown that 24 mM sodium fluoride (NaF) stimulates the metabolic burst in canine neutrophils as measured by chemiluminescence and CO2 formation from the carbon-1 position of glucose. Because these phenomena are calcium dependent, we determined the uptake of calcium by neutrophils activated with NaF. Neutrophils suspended in buffer were incubated with 45CaCl2 and exposed to NaF. This caused an increase in cell-associated calcium from 1.89 ± 0.43 × 10−10 mol/107 cells to 1.06 ± 0.15 × 10−8mol/107 cells in 2 min. In comparison, the calcium ionophore A23187 (10−6M) caused only a modest increase in cell calcium, from 1.89 ± 0.43 × 10−10 mol/107 cells to 4.89 ± 0.85 × 10−10 mol/107 cells. When treated with EGTA (3 mM), NaF-stimulated neutrophils rapidly lost 90% of their cell-associated ...
Laboratory study on oil well cement retardant PQ of ultra-high temperature tolerance

Although lignosulfnoate is used as one of the most common retardants in oil well cement, its usage temperature cannot over 122℃(BHCT).The retardant PQ which is further modified by deep sulfonating has better slow hardening effect and can stand higher temperature (200℃).The compounding technique of PQ was described and its influences to cement thickening time and application in high density cement system were evaluated, as well as its temperature sensitivity.Laboratory indicated that PQ can effectively control the cement slurry setting time in the general density and high density cement slurry systems and there are no phenomena of premature hardening and excess slow hardening.In addition, PQ has little sensitivity to temperature and can meet safe requirements of cementing in the deeper well and longer section.
Public School Reform Through Union-Management Collaboration

Over the past decade the policy debate over improving U.S. public education has focused on market solutions (charter schools, privatization, and vouchers) and teacher evaluation through high stakes standardized testing of students. In this debate, teachers and their unions are often characterized as the problem. Our research offers an alternate path in the debate, a perspective that looks at schools as systems – the way schools are organized and the way decisions are made. We focus on examples of collaboration through the creation of long-term labor-management partnerships among teachers’ unions and school administrators that improve and restructure public schools from the inside to enhance planning, decision-making, problem solving, and the ways teachers interact and schools are organized. We analyzed how these efforts were created and sustained in six public school districts over the past two decades, and what they can teach us about the impact of significant involvement of faculty and their local union leadership, working closely with district administration. We argue that collaboration between teachers, their unions, and administrators is both possible and necessary for any meaningful and lasting public school reform.
Clearance of spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux in awake and sleeping infants

Thirty infants less than 12 mo old (19 with pathologic gastroesophageal reflux and 11 symptomatic controls) underwent continuous monitoring of distal esophageal pH with simultaneous pharyngeal and multiple-site esophageal manometry to compare acid clearance times of awake and asleep reflux episodes. While awake, acid clearance times of the two groups were equivalent. While asleep, mean acid clearance time increased in subjects with pathologic reflux greater than 500% while remaining essentially unchanged in symptomatic controls. No difference in minimum pH attained during sleep reflux, in percentage of swallows resulting in esophageal peristalsis, or in the frequency of secondary peristaltic waves was found to explain the difference in sleeping acid clearance times in the two groups. However, there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to swallowing rate (p less than 0.01). During sleeping reflux episodes, subjects with pathologic reflux swallowed 0.5 +/- 0.1 times per minute (mean +/- SEM), whereas controls who refluxed swallowed 3.5 +/- 1.3 times per minute. During awake reflux episodes the swallowing rates were equivalent in the two groups, 4.1 +/- 0.4 and 4.7 +/- 0.7 per minute, respectively. We conclude that low swallowing rate during sleeping reflux episodes is primary to the delayed clearance of sleeping reflux in these infants.