cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Great American Mission: Modernization and the Construction of an American World Order

David Ekbladh. The Great American Mission: Modernization and the Construction of an American World Order. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. Pp. xvi. 386. Most twentieth-century Americans...
The abstract: an abridged scientific report

The abstract, an accurate, abbreviated version of a complete document [ 1,2], may appear at the beginning of a scientific article, or it may be published separately in the abstract section of another periodical or in an abstract journal. Although many consider the terms abstract, synopsis, r.humP, prkcis, and summary to be synonymous, the abstract is a self-contained document, whereas the summary was originally a part of the full report. An earlier distinction made by some no longer seems to hold in practice: that a summary, because it is intended as a recapitulation of salient points for those who have already read the full article, need refer only to the results and conclusions, with little or no mention of rationale or method. Most journals now publish an abridgment at or near the beginning of the article proper, sometimes labeled as “Abstract,” sometimes as “Summary,” and sometimes unlabeled but in bolder type. Potential readers use either the abstract or summary to decide whether to examine the complete report, but the reader may find that the abstract, more often than the summary, contains adequate information for his purposes, especially if the article is outside his discipline. The precis (the French word for “precise”), found immediately beneath the titles of articles listed in the table of contents of some journals, is a mini-abstract. An abstract may also be a preview of a paper proposed for presentation at a scientific meeting; such anticipatory documents may be published in the printed program or in the proceedings of the society, but sometimes resemble the actual oral presentation only slightly. Our discussion here concerns the abstract of a published article.
GLC analysis of lidocaine in plasma using a novel nitrogen-sensitive detector

Abstract A simple, rapid GLC method for the determination of therapeutic levels of lidocaine in plasma or blood is described. After extraction with benzene from alkalinized plasma, the compound is analyzed by GLC using a nitrogen-sensitive detector. Quantitation is accomplished using an internal standard and a standard curve, which was linear over the 0.1–10-μg range. The limit of detection was approximately 10 ng/ml. Recovery of the parent compound was essentially quantitative. Plasma data are presented to demonstrate the utility of the method.
TRH receptor binding in avian pituitary and brain.

Abstract The pituitary gland of the domestic fowl binds [ 3 H]-[3-methyl-His 2 ]thyrotropin-releasing hormone ([ 3 H]MeTRH) with properties very similar to those exhibited by mammalian TRH receptors, including affinity ( K D = 4.9 n M ), density of binding sites ( B max = 5.1 pmol/g), and pharmacology for eight TRH analogs. Chicken brain appears to contain similar binding sites, but the level of binding was too low for detailed characterization.
Particle-hole symmetry breaking and the ν= 5 2 fractional quantum Hall effect

We report on the study of the fractional quantum Hall effect at the filling factor 5/2 using exact diagonalization method with torus geometry. The particle-hole symmetry breaking effect is considered using an additional three-body interaction. Both Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian states can be the ground state depending on the sign of the three-body interaction. The results of the low-energy spectrum, the wave function overlap, and the particle-hole parity evolution, have shown clear evidence of a direct sharp transition (possibly first order) from the Pfaffian to the anti-Pfaffian state at the Coulomb point. A quantum phase diagram is established, where one finds further transitions from the Pfaffian or anti-Pfaffian state to the nearby compressible phases induced by a change of the pseudopotential.
Building Secure and Transparent Elections through Standard Operating Procedures

Election reform has evolved since the 2000 presidential election. One issue that has remained at the forefront of public debate is how to build confidence in the election process. The foundation for confidence is based on procedures for electoral security and transparency. In this article, the authors use legal theories of evidence and public administration theories related to standard operating procedures to consider how election fraud—and claims of fraud—can be prevented by having effective and rigorous chain of custody procedures. Using case studies, they show how such chains of custody can be implemented and examine which states have processes and procedures that promote the transparency that is critical for public examination of the electoral process. They conclude with a consideration of best practices in this area.
Refined Solution Structure of a DNA Heteroduplex Containing an Aldehydic Abasic Site

The solution structure of the DNA duplex d(C1G2C3G4A5D6A7C8G9C10C11)-d(G22C21G20C19T18A17T16G15C14G13G12), with D indicating a deoxyribose aldehyde abasic site and numbering from 5′ to 3′, has been determined by the combined use of NMR and restrained molecular dynamics. The 31P and 31P-1H correlation data indicate that the backbones of these duplex DNAs are regular. One- and two-dimensional 1H NMR data indicate that the duplexes are right-handed and B-form. Conformational changes due to the presence of the abasic site extends to the base pairs adjacent to the lesion site with the local conformation of the DNA being dependent on whether the abasic site is in the α or β configuration. When the sugar of the abasic site is in the β configuration the deoxyribose is within the helix, whereas when the sugar is in the α configuration the deoxyribose is out of the helix. The base of residue A17 in the position opposite the abasic site is predominantly stacked in the helix in both cases. A water molecule can apparently form a hydrogen bond bridge between the β abasic site and A17.
Can we spin straw into gold? An evaluation of immigrant legal status imputation approaches.

Researchers have developed logical, demographic, and statistical strategies for imputing immigrants’ legal status, but these methods have never been empirically assessed. We used Monte Carlo simulations to test whether, and under what conditions, legal status imputation approaches yield unbiased estimates of the association of unauthorized status with health insurance coverage. We tested five methods under a range of missing data scenarios. Logical and demographic imputation methods yielded biased estimates across all missing data scenarios. Statistical imputation approaches yielded unbiased estimates only when unauthorized status was jointly observed with insurance coverage; when this condition was not met, these methods overestimated insurance coverage for unauthorized relative to legal immigrants. We next showed how bias can be reduced by incorporating prior information about unauthorized immigrants. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of the best-performing statistical method for increasing power. We used it to produce state/regional estimates of insurance coverage among unauthorized immigrants in the Current Population Survey, a data source that contains no direct measures of immigrants’ legal status. We conclude that commonly employed legal status imputation approaches are likely to produce biased estimates, but data and statistical methods exist that could substantially reduce these biases.
The tensor leed approximation and surface crystallography by low-energy electron diffraction

Abstract This article reviews the theory and applications of the Tensor LEED approximation in surface crystallography by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The motivation for the development of the approximation is explored by reviewing the limitations of previous approaches to surface structure determination by LEED. The theory of the approximation is presented and its validity explored. The application of the approximation to automated search strategies, and disordered surface is discussed. The use of Tensor LEED theory as the basis of direct methods in LEED is reviewed. The article condludes with an evaluation of future prospects and applications of the theory of Tensor LEED.
A stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests of the southern Rocky Mountains

Dendroecological techniques were applied to reconstruct stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Fourteen stand-replacing fires were dated...
The association between non-medical prescription drug use, depressive symptoms, and suicidality among college students.

Abstract Purpose Studies have substantiated a relationship between drug use, depression, and suicidality. However, little research has examined this relationship with prescription drugs. Given the prevalence of non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) among college students, this study explored the association between general and specific NMPDU, depressive symptoms, and suicidality. Methods Data from the Fall 2008 National College Health Assessment (NCHA) was utilized (N = 22,783). Five separate logistic regression models were employed, with the first combining any NMPDU (antidepressants, painkillers, sedatives, and stimulants) followed by four additional regressions for each drug, and then separated by gender. Models were estimated before and after control for key covariates. Results Approximately 13% of participants reported NMPDU. After covariate adjustment, those who reported feeling hopeless, sad, depressed, or considered suicide were 1.22–1.31 times more likely to report NMPDU (p Conclusions Depressive symptoms and suicidality were significantly associated with greater odds of any NMPDU, with painkiller use (especially for females) representing the greatest correlate among college students. Results suggest that students may be inappropriately self-medicating psychological distress with prescription medications.
Therapeutic Potential of Adult Progenitor Cells in the Management of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia

Refractory angina as a result of chronic myocardial ischemia is a common and disabling condition. Adult progenitor cells have emerged as a potential revolutionary treatment for cardiovascular disease. Locally administered adult progenitor cells with particular vasculogenic potential may offer treatment hope for those with chronic ischemia; however, the optimal cell type, dose, delivery mode, and target patient population has not been defined. Preclinical cell therapy studies have shown safety and efficacy sufficient to warrant human trials. Early, small-scale human trials exploring various cell types and delivery modes have shown that most approaches are safe, with modest early efficacy. This overview discusses the rationale and early results for ongoing larger cardiovascular disease trials, with a special emphasis on refractory angina and chronic myocardial ischemia.
Wnts as Retrograde Signals for Axon and Growth Cone Differentiation

Hall et al. 2000xHall, A.C, Lucas, F.R, and Salinas, P.C. Cell. 2000; 100: 525–535Abstract | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMedSee all ReferencesHall et al. 2000 have shown that Wnt-7a, synthesized by postsynaptic GCs, can regulate the structure of presynaptic mossy fiber axons and growth cones in cell culture. The authors present convincing but less striking evidence that Wnts have a role in remodeling axons and growth cones in vivo. The multiplicity of Wnts, Frizzleds, and transcription factors activated by Wnt signaling presents a daunting challenge for those seeking to decipher the precise roles of Wnt signaling in vivo. Nevertheless, such complexity would appear appropriate for regulating the structure and function of synapses in the CNS.*E-mail: burden@saturn.med.nyu.edu.
Advanced Holographic Scannings And Applications

Holographic scanners with advanced features are described. Novel and synergetic scannings that can be created by holographic scanners and in particular those with an aspherical reflector are presented.
Twice Q-polynomial distance-regular graphs are thin

Abstract Let Γ be a distance-regular graph of diameter d ⩾ 3. For each vertex χ of Γ, let T ( χ ) denote the subconstituent algebra for Γ with respect to χ. An irreducible T ( χ )-module W is said to be thin if dim E i ∗ (χ) W ⩽ 1 for 0 ⩽ i ⩽ d , where E i ∗ (χ) is the projection onto the i th subconstituent for Γ with respect to χ. The graph Γ is said to be thin if, for each vertex χ of Γ, very irreducible T ( χ )-module is thin. Our main result is the following Theorem: If Γ has two Q-polynomial structures, then Γ is thin.
Effect of putrescine on oxyntic gland and colonic mucosal growth in rats.

Abstract The effect of putrescine on oxyntic gland and colonic mucosal growth was studied by measuring the rate of [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation into mucosal DNA in vitro (DNA synthesis) and DNA, RNA and protein content of the mucosa following intramuscular injections of the compound (50 μmoles/100g). Saline injected animals served as controls. Multiple injections of putrescine during a 2-day fast produced a significant enhancement of mucosal DNA synthesis in oxyntic gland and colonic mucosa, with no apparent change in DNA, RNA or protein content in either of the tissues, compared to the corresponding saline-controls, when measurements were made 12–14 h after the last injection. However, when the animals were killed after 4 days, DNA, RNA and protein content of oxyntic gland mucosa, and DNA and protein content of colonic mucosa were found to be significantly higher than in the respective saline-controls. We conclude that putrescine, taken up from the blood, can stimulate growth of gastrointestinal mucosa.
Immunological response restricts number of cells in sensory ganglia infected with herpes simplex virus.

INFECTION of mice with herpes simplex virus (HSV) by various epithelial routes has been shown to result in a latent infection of the corresponding sensory or autonomic ganglia1–3. During the acute phase of the infection (less than 14 d), virus could be recovered from ganglia both by homogenisation and explantation, while during the latent phase of the infection (21 d to more than 1 yr), virus could be recovered only by explantation and not by homogenisation. Although these methods made it possible to tell whether ganglia were infected, they gave no information about the percentage of ganglionic cells containing virus. We have therefore investigated the number of cells in sensory ganglia infected with HSV, and evaluated the influence of immunity on the severity of the infection.
How can we conduct treatment outcome research

The publication of a review of the treatment outcome literature by Furby, Weinrott, and Blackshaw in 1989 raised the issue of the failure of research to support adequately the efficacy of treatment for sexual offenders. Now, many years after the publication of Furbyet al., there are still major flaws in the outcome research being conducted which have led certain researchers to conclude that we still have no empirical evidence on the effectiveness of sexual offender treatment. Specifically, the current literature has been criticized for reliance on single-group, follow-up only designs and designs that include nonequivalent treatment and comparison groups. These types of designs fail to provide adequate information about treatment outcome due to threats to internal validity and construct validity of putative causes and effects. In this paper, suggestions are made as to how to maximize experimental validity through development of program theories and questions posed about which aspects of treatment are associated with positive and negative outcomes and with whom our interventions work.
Relationship between valve opening pressure, body position, and intracranial pressure in normal pressure hydrocephalus: paradigm for selection of programmable valve pressure setting.

Objective There is little scientific basis for guidance in selecting the optimal valve for the treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus. The aim of this study was to determine the programmable valve opening pressure setting that would result in a slight reduction in intracranial pressure (ICP) after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is implanted. We also assessed whether shunt-induced ICP could be predicted on the basis of a simple hydrodynamic equation. Methods In this prospective study of 11 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus, ICP was measured before and after implantation of a shunt incorporating a programmable valve without an antisiphon device. Pressure measurements, including intraperitoneal pressure, were recorded at body angles ranging from 0 to 55 degrees and at valve settings ranging from 30 to 200 mm H(2)O. Measured ICP values were compared with values computed using a simple hydrodynamic equation. Results Even at a valve setting greater than the mean baseline ICP (200 mm H(2)O), the supine ICP was significantly lower than the baseline value (baseline ICP, 164 +/- 64 mm H(2)O; postoperative ICP, 125 +/- 69 mm H(2)O, P = 0.04). Valve pressure did not equate 1:1 with the measured postoperative ICP. Comprehensive ICP measurements at upright body positions demonstrated a stepwise reduction in ICP rather than a precipitous decline as a result of so-called siphoning. Conclusion This study indicates that very high valve opening pressure settings may be optimal for the initial treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus. The relationship between ICP and opening pressure valves is linear but not predicted by simple hydrodynamics.
Primary steps of the photoactive yellow protein: Isolated chromophore dynamics and protein directed function

The cycle of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) has been extensively studied, but the dynamics of the isolated chromophore responsible for transduction is unknown. Here, we present real-time observation of the dynamics of the negatively charged chromophore and detection of intermediates along the path of trans-to-cis isomerization using femtosecond mass selection/electron detachment techniques. The results show that the role of the protein environment is not in the first step of double-bond twisting (barrier crossing) but in directing efficient conversion to the cis-structure and in impeding radical formation within the protein.
Reported earliest memory age: Relationships with personality and coping variables

Abstract The present study examined the viability of motivated retrieval failure as a mechanism for childhood amnesia. A total of 115 undergraduates completed the Constructive Thinking Inventory, the NEO Personality Inventory, and answered questions regarding their earliest memory in order to assess the relationships between personality and coping variables and the subject's reported age of earliest memory. The personality and coping inventories were divided into four groups defined by the stated age of each subject's earliest memory. Analyses indicated that scores on two Constructive Thinking Inventory scales (Emotional Coping and Categorical Thinking) and two NEO Personality Inventory scales (Neuroticism and Openness to Experience) were significantly different between groups. These differences were consistent with the motivated retrieval failure hypothesis. Subscales of these four scales were then analyzed individually to further examine the differences between groups. Results are discussed in the context of personality assessment and the repression of early memories.
Anticoagulants and Thrombolytics: What’s the Difference?

Drug therapy for dissolution of formed clots is a first-line approach in the treatment of myocardial infarction and thrombotic stroke. In addition, drug therapy for inhibition of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in the blood clotting cascade is used widely in ambulatory, acute care, and intensive care settings. Many health care providers mistakenly view these therapeutic approaches as identical. The authors review the physiology of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in the blood clotting cascade and present the essential differences between anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies.
MCG +00-32-16: An Irregular Galaxy Close to the Lowest Redshift Absorber on the 3C 273 Line of Sight

We present H I synthesis array mapping and CCD photometry in B and R for MCG+00-32-16. The H I disk is rotating in such a way that the side of the galaxy closer to the sight-line to the quasar has the larger velocity difference from the absorber.
Direct product decompositions of structures and theories

In this article we present new methods in the theory of direct product decompositions of arbitrary structures.
Lung Abscess due to Haemophilus influenzae Type C

Haemophilus influenzae type B is responsible for approximately 95% of serious H influenzae infections in children. 1 However, other typeable H influenzae strains also have been reported to cause serious infections. Types A, E, and F have been isolated from the CSF of children with meningitis. 2-4 Type E has been associated with septic arthritis. 5 Types C, D, and F have been isolated from the blood or pleural fluid of adults with pneumonia. 6 Sell et al 7 recovered H influenzae type C from the nasopharynx of normal children and from Three children with upper respiratory tract illnesses. We report a child in whom H influenzae type C was isolated from a lung abscess. Report of a Case .—A 5½-year-old boy was seen by his private physician following a one-day history of fever and abdominal pain. A chest roentgenogram revealed a right lower lobe abscess, and therapy with cloxacillin
A lower bound for the energy of magnetic fields supported in linked tori

Abstract Given a divergence free field B in R 3 , the problem arises in fluids and magnetofluids, of finding lower bounds on the E 3/2 = ∫ | B | 3/2 d V norm of the field which depend only on the topology of the trajectories of the field and fluxes. In this Note, using the notion of third order helicity, we present such a lower bound in the case when it is known that a higher order linking is present, i.e., that the magnetic field has support in (or larger than) three solid tori linked like the Borromean rings, and is tangent to their boundaries.
Protocadherin-17 function in Zebrafish retinal development

Cadherin cell adhesion molecules play crucial roles in vertebrate development including the development of the retina. Most studies have focused on examining functions of classic cadherins (e.g. N-cadherin) in retinal development. There is little information on the function of protocadherins in the development of the vertebrate visual system. We previously showed that protocadherin-17 mRNA was expressed in developing zebrafish retina during critical stages of the retinal development. To gain insight into protocadherin-17 function in the formation of the retina, we analyzed eye development and differentiation of retinal cells in zebrafish embryos injected with protocadherin-17 specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs). Protocadherin-17 knockdown embryos (pcdh17 morphants) had significantly reduced eyes due mainly to decreased cell proliferation. Differentiation of several retinal cell types (e.g. retinal ganglion cells) was also disrupted in the pcdh17 morphants. Phenotypic rescue was achieved by injection of protocadherin-17 mRNA. Injection of a vivo-protocadherin-17 MO into one eye of embryonic zebrafish resulted in similar eye defects. Our results suggest that protocadherin-17 plays an important role in the normal formation of the zebrafish retina.
Electron microscopy of the grain structure of metal films and lines

Abstract The demands of ULSI in the sub-micron regime require the understanding of properties and control of microstructure in a situation where one or more of the characteristic dimensions of the sample is of the same order as the grain size of the material. Grain structure, as determined by deposition conditions, sample geometry and thermal treatment during processing, remains the first-order microstructural factor governing the ptoperties. The grain structure evolves during both deposition and processing. A major practical and scientific issue is the elucidation of the conditions which will result in a stable grain structure. This happens when the forces acting on the grain boundaries are in equilibrium.
Mutagenesis of Glycine 179 modulates both catalytic efficiency and reduced pyridine nucleotide specificity in cytochrome b5 reductase.

Cytochrome b 5 reductase (cb 5 r), a member of the ferredoxin:NADP + reductase family of flavoprotein transhydrogenases, catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of cytochrome b 5 . Within this family, a conserved "GxGxxP" sequence motif has been implicated in binding reduced pyridine nucleotides. However, Glycine 179, a conserved residue in cb 5 r primary structures, precedes this six-residue " 1 8 0 GxGxxP 1 8 5 " motif that has been identified as binding the adenosine moiety of NADH. To investigate the role of G179 in NADH complex formation and NAD(P)H specificity, a series of rat cb 5 r variants were generated, corresponding to G179A, G179P, G179T, and G179V, recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Each mutant protein was found to incorporate FAD in a 1:1 cofactor/protein stoichiometry and exhibited absorption and CD spectra that were identical to those of wild-type cb 5 r, indicating both correct protein folding and similar flavin environments, while oxidation-reduction potentials for the FAD/FADH 2 couple (n = 2) were also comparable to the wild-type protein (E°' = -272 mV). All four mutants showed decreased NADH:ferricyanide reductase activities, with k c a t decreasing in the order WT > G179A > G179P > G179T > G179V, with the G179V variant retaining only 1.5% of the wild-type activity. The affinity for NADH also decreased in the order WT > G179A > G179P > G179T > G179V, with the K m N A D H for G179V 180-fold greater than that of the wild type. Both K s H 4 N A D and K s N A D + values confirmed that the G179 mutants had both compromised NADH- and NAD + -binding affinities. Determination of the NADH/NADPH specificity constant for the various mutants indicated that G179 also participated in pyridine nucleotide selectivity, with the G179V variant preferring NADPH approximately 8000 times more than wild-type cb 5 r. These results demonstrated that, while G179 was not critical for either flavin incorporation or maintenance of the appropriate flavin environment in cb 5 r, G 179 was required for both effective NADH/NADPH selectivity and to maintain the correct orientation and position of the conserved cysteine in the proline-rich "CGpppM" motif that is critical for optimum NADH binding and efficient hydride transfer.
Ephrin-B3 is a myelin-based inhibitor of neurite outgrowth

The inability of CNS axons to regenerate after traumatic spinal cord injury is due, in part, to the inhibitory effects of myelin. The three major previously identified constituents of this activity (Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein) were isolated based on their potent inhibition of axon outgrowth in vitro. All three myelin components transduce their inhibitory signals through the same Nogo receptor/p75 neurotrophin receptor/LINGO-1 (NgR1/p75/LINGO-1) complex. In this study, we considered that molecules known to act as repellants in vertebrate embryonic axonal pathfinding may also inhibit regeneration. In mice, ephrin-B3 functions during development as a midline repellant for axons of the corticospinal tract. We therefore investigated whether this repellant was expressed in the adult spinal cord and retained inhibitory activity. We demonstrate that ephrin-B3 is expressed in postnatal myelinating oligodendrocytes and, by using primary CNS neurons, show that ephrin-B3 accounts for an inhibitory activity equivalent to that of the other three myelin-based inhibitors, acting through p75, combined. Our data describe a known vertebrate axon guidance molecule as a myelin-based inhibitor of neurite outgrowth.
In vitro growth and phenotypic characterization of mesodermal-derived and epithelial components of normal and abnormal human thymus

Long-term in vitro cultures of human thymic tissue were established and phenotypically characterized using monoclonal reagents that define distinct components of the human thymic microenvironment. The epithelial component of the thymus, defined by monoclonal antibodies TE-3, TE-4, BBTECS, and AE1 (anti-keratin) was isolated from the mesodermal component, defined by antibody TE-7, and maintained separately in long-term culture. The epithelial cells were subcultured repeatedly and recovered from storage in liquid nitrogen. The in vitro phenotype of the cultured cells was compared to that of cultured human epidermal cells. A subpopulation of cultured thymic epithelial cells along with a subpopulation of cultured epidermal cells expressed antigens (TE-8, TE-15) characteristic of late stages of keratinized epithelial cell differentiation. Thus, we have established a system whereby components of the human thymic microenvironment can be cultivated in vitro while maintaining the capacity to differentiate. This approach can be used to evaluate the role of components of the thymic microenvironment at various stages of differentiation on developing T lymphocytes. In addition, keratin-containing thymic epithelial cells were successfully cultured from thymuses obtained from patients with myasthenia gravis and thymoma. Cultivation of abnormal thymic epithelium will provide insight into aberrant T lymphocyte-thymic epithelial interaction.
Reliable distribution networks design with nonlinear fortification function

Distribution networks have been facing an increased exposure to the risk of unpredicted disruptions causing significant economic losses. The current literature features a limited number of studies considering fortification of network facilities. In this paper, we develop a reliable uncapacitated fixed-charge location model with fortification to support the design of distribution networks. The model considers heterogeneous facility failure probabilities, one layer of supplier backup, and facility fortification within a finite budget. Facility reliability improvement is modelled as a nonlinear function of fortification investment. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear mixed integer programming model proven to be -hard. A Lagrangian relaxation-based heuristic algorithm is developed and its computational efficiency for solving large-scale problems is demonstrated.
Sharing visual context to facilitate late overhearer's understanding of the handheld-based learning activity

Peripheral participation is fundamental to collaborative learning. In the classroom, we see two situations in which peripheral participation is essential: formative assessment, during which a teacher attempts to assess the utility of an ongoing activity and intervenes if necessary; and peer-monitoring, during which a student attempts to learn what other students are doing. When augmenting the classroom with handheld, wireless computing devices, handling peripheral participation becomes more difficult. The proposed new handheld network service, Look, allows a late overhearer, who has not witnessed the creation of common ground, to monitor the interaction between group members already engaged in a collaborative situated learning without interrupting. Laboratory experiences with our prototypes indicate that Look balances lightweight implementation, ease of use, and utility in a way that could enhance classroom communication and learning.
Enzymatic activities of P450c17 stably expressed in fibroblasts from patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting approximately 5–10% of women of reproductive age. The clinical features of PCOS include oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Because P450c17 is the single enzyme catalyzing both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities in the ovary and adrenal, some have suggested that defects in P450c17 may cause the hyperandrogenism of PCOS. Previous studies have shown that serine hyperphosphorylation of P450c17 increases the enzyme’s 17,20-lyase activity, thereby favoring androgen production, and that serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor β-chain (IR-β) inhibits IR-β tyrosine phosphorylation, causing insulin resistance in vitro. We previously suggested that a gain of function mutation in a single serine kinase might cause the hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance observed in PCOS patients by excessive phosphorylation of both P450c17 and IR-β. To test this hypothesis, we obtained fibroblasts from nine previously...
Soft Tissue Leiomyoma With Cartilaginous Metaplasia Report of an Unusual Phenomenon

A 42-year-old woman presented with right leg pain of 4 years' duration without a palpable mass. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a soft tissue mass adjacent to the posterior aspect of the proximal fibula that appeared to arise from the belly of the gastrocnemius muscle. Excisional biopsy showed a well-circumscribed tumor mass composed of fascicles of spindled smooth muscle cells intimately admixed with islands of larger, epithelioid cells in an extracellular basophilic matrix reminiscent of immature cartilage. Other areas resembled maturing hyaline cartilage. Immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy were utilized to verify the presence of the two distinct cell types within this tumor. Review of the literature suggested that this case represents the first well documented case of cartilaginous metaplasia in a deeply situated soft tissue leiomyoma. Int J Surg Pathol 1(4):235-238, 1994
Experimental study on gas–liquid two-phase flow regimes in rectangular channels with mini gaps

Abstract Experimental investigations were conducted for adiabatic air/water two-phase flow in vertical rectangular channels. Three test sections with the narrow gaps of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mm respectively were studied. The flow regimes were observed by using a high-speed video-camera and were identified by examining the video images. The flow regimes in channels with the gaps of 1.0 and 0.6 mm are similar to those found by previous studies, and can be classified into bubbly, slug, churn and annular flow. With decreasing the channel gaps, the transition lines for bubbly-slug, slug-churn and churn-annular flow shift to left in the flow regime maps with the superficial gas velocity as the horizontal coordinate and the superficial liquid velocity as the vertical coordinate. However, the flow regimes in the channel with the gap of 0.3 mm are dramatically different from the previous studies. Bubbly flow was never observed even at very low gas flow velocity. Cap-bubbly flow can exist in the channels stably. Due to the increased influences of the surface tension and friction shear stress in the mini channels, the liquid droplets adhere on the wall surface and are pushed by the flowing gas. The flow regimes can be classified into cap-bubbly, slug-droplet, churn and annular-droplet flow.
Emerging WiFi Direct technique in home area networks for Smart Grid: Power consumption and outage performance

Abstract Considering the power saving potential of the emerging WiFi Direct technique, we evaluate the performance of WiFi Direct technique in Home Area Networks (HANs) for Smart Grid communication from two aspects: power consumption and downlink outage performance. By modeling the traffic intensity and the number of working devices in a dynamic HAN as a Markov chain, the power consumption of the dynamic HAN with Power Saving Mechanism (PSM) and the conventional static HAN with Continuous Active Mode (CAM) are evaluated and compared. On the other hand, the probability density function (PDF) of the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) for the active user connected in the HAN is derived from the amplitude distribution property of the classical indoor Saleh–Valenzuela (S–V) channel. The numerical results show that WiFi Direct technique not only improves the power saving in the HAN for Smart Grid, but also enhances the reliability of HAN communications for Smart Grid.
DEPOSITION OF RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM IN THE DEVELOPING ENAMEL AND DENTIN OF THE RAT.

To study the fate of /sup 90/Sr in developing enamel and dentin, Long- Evans rats were injected with 2 mu C/kg body weight of /su 90/SrCl/sub 2/ (with the contaminart /sup 90/Y in equilibrium) intraperitoneally 25 days after birth. Body burden of /sup 90/Sr was monitored daily by placing each animal in a whole- body scintillation counter. The relative degree of mineralization was determined by the microdensitometric values and photographic-density values of soft x-ray radiographs, and the relative radioactivity was measured by autoradiographs. In the lower incisor region the enamel showed an irregnlar small increase in mineralization throughout the period of study, and dentin a more definite increase in mineralization. In the lower incisor region there was a definite drop in radioactivity in the dentin inltially, followed by a leveling off of the curve, with a final rapid drop as the hot spot was lost by attrition. In the upper incisor region a similar pattern was found, with littie increase in enamel mineralization but dentin first increased gradually in x-ray density and then become fairly constant. The loss of radioactivity in dertin and enamel was similar to more » thnt found for these tissues in the lower incisor region. In the upper molars there was an early drop in dertin activity, and the enamel remained at a constant level of radioactivity. In the incisor, as the degree of mineralization increased, the radioactivity fell, with both processes appearing to plateau within a few days of each other. In molars, however, the two plateaus came about 15 days apart. It appears that, once incorporated in the hard tissues, /sup 90/Sr was not readily removed. The reduction of radioactivity, observed in autoradiographs and by direct courting, that occurred as the dertin became increasingly mineralized, was only apparent. The results suggest that physical self-absorption, due to increase in mineralization during development, which masks the radiation, is an important factor in accounting for this reduction. (BBB) « less
2D Structures-Based Energy Management Nanofluids

Designing of compact electronic and electrical instruments needs the development of high efficient thermal and electrical management fluids. Recent advances in layered materials enable large scale synthesis of diverse two-dimensional (2D) structures. Some of these 2D materials are good choices as nanofillers in heat/electrical energy transfer fluids; mainly due to their high surface area available for energy conduction. Among various 2D nanostructures, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) or graphene (G) exhibit versatile properties such as outstanding thermal conductivity (TC), excellent mechanical stability, and remarkable chemical inertness. These 2D nanostructures have been used to create composite fluids for diverse thermal management applications, such as microelectronics, high voltage power transmission systems, automobiles, solar cells, biopharmaceuticals, medical therapy/diagnosis, and nuclear cooling, among others. The ever increasing thermal loads in applications now require advanced operational fluids, like high TC dielectric insulating fluids for electrical transformers. These fluids require superb filler dispersion, high thermal conduction, as well as electrical insulation. Such thermal oils that conform to this thermal/electrical requirement, and yet remain in highly suspended stable state, have not yet been synthesized. We discuss the synthesis and characterization of stable high TC and electrically conducting and non-conducting Newtonian nanofluids using liquid exfoliated layers of h-BN and G in dielectric mineral oil.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Aripiprazole in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: Effectiveness preliminary report

IntroductionThe primary objective of this FDA-requested study was to examine the tolerability/safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of 20 mg, 25 mg, and 30 mg per day of aripiprazole in children and adolescents, ages 10-17. Effectiveness of aripiprazole was also assessed in this patient population, and is described as the focus of this poster.MethodsThis was an open-label, 26-day, multi-center, sequential cohort, dose-escalation trial. Twenty-one (21) children and adolescents, aged 10 to 17 years old, were enrolled. Preferential enrollment was given to patients with schizophrenia or bipolar illness; however, other psychiatric diagnoses were also permitted. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of patients were diagnosed with bipolar disorder; 24%, Tourette's disorder; and 5%, schizophrenia, PDD, OCD, or conduct disorder. Patients started on a dose of aripiprazole 2 mg/day. Three cohorts reached final doses of 20, 25, or 30 mg/day over a maximum of 12 days and maintained that dose for an additional 14 days. Effectiveness was assessed using the CGI-Severity and CGI-Improvement scales.ResultsEighty-five percent (17/20) of the patients were “much improved” or “very much improved” at study endpoint (CGI-I).Conclusions:• Effectiveness of aripiprazole at doses of 20-30 mg/day is demonstrated in this child and adolescent patient population• Observation of clinically meaningful improvement of global symptoms supports systematic evaluation in pediatric/adolescent disorders
Immersion of cucumber fruit in heated water alters chilling-induced physiological changes

Abstract Cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Dasher 3) fruit were immersed in water at 25, 38, or 42 °C for 30 min prior to storage at 12 (nonchilling) or 2.5 °C (chilling) for two weeks to determine the effects of these treatments on chilling-induced changes in electrolyte leakage, and CO2, and ethylene evolution. Storage at 2.5 °C resulted in a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, which decreased significantly as immersion temperature increased. Chilled fruit had higher rates of CO2 production than did nonchilled fruit following transfer to 21 °C, but there was no difference due to immersion temperature. Following transfer to 21 °C, nonchilled fruit produced no detectable ethylene whereas chilled fruit produced significant amounts of ethylene. The amount of chilling-induced ethylene production decreased with increased temperature of immersion, and this difference persisted for at least 72 h after transfer to 21 °C. The amount of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was significantly higher in chilled than in nonchilled fruit although the amount of ACC in chilled fruit decreased significantly as immersion temperature increased. Nonchilled fruit had significantly higher ACC oxidase activity than did chilled fruit at the time of transfer to 21 °C, and ACC oxidase activity decreased as immersion temperature increased.
Semiparametric Hazard Rate Models of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration

The development of models to predict the distribution of times between changes in condition- state for reinforced concrete bridge decks is presented in this paper. The authors used semiparametric hazard rate modeling techniques to develop stochastic duration models for bridge decks in the Indiana Bridge Inventory database. The advantage of semiparametric methods is that they do not constrain the hazard rate to follow a prespecified probability density function. This approach is flexible enough to accommodate different types of deterioration processes, and can account properly for both censored and uncensored data. Furthermore, it relates observed deterioration to relevant explanatory variables. Finally, because this approach quantifies the time- dependent hazard rate function, it facilitates the computation of time-dependent transition probabilities for use in bridge management systems. The models presented in this paper are characterized by realistic trends. The estimated parameters are statistically significant and have, for the most part, intuitively correct signs. However, the models include only a small number of explanatory variables, and thus do not capture the entire array of relevant factors that contribute to bridge deck deterioration. This is especially true when they are compared to the state-based models obtained in earlier research using the same data. The reasons are that the deck conditions are observed at infrequent points in time (every 2 years) and that the window of observation is relatively short (10 years).
eRHIC — Future Electron‐Ion Collider at BNL

The work on the detailed design of electron‐ion collider, eRHIC, on the basis of existing RHIC machine is underway. eRHIC aims to be an instrument for the exploration of important QCD aspects using collisions of polarized electrons and positrons on ions and polarized protons in the center of mass energy range of 30–100 GeV, with a luminosity of 1032–1034 cm−2s−1 for c‐p and 1030–1032 cm−2s−1 for c‐Au collisions. An electron accelerator, which delivers about 0.5A polarized electron beam current in the electron energy range of 5 to 10 GeV, would be constructed at BNL, near the existing RHIC complex and would intersect an ion ring in at least one of the available ion ring interaction regions. One design option considers the circular electron machine based on the accelerator technology similar to that of storage rings at the e+‐e− B‐factories. Another pursued design option employs an energy recovery linac for electron acceleration. This option paves way to higher luminosities but meets challenges of developments of high current electron polarized source and high beam power ERL technologies. To maximize the collider luminosity certain upgrades are considered for RHIC ion rings.
Positioning Media Ethnography at Disciplinary Intersections

Positioning Media Ethnography at Disciplinary Intersections. Purnima Mankekar. Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television, Womanhood, and Nation in Postcolonial India. Durham: Duke University Press, 2000. 429 pp.
Strategies for tolerance induction to composite tissue allografts.

The emerging field of composite tissue transplantation offers the potential to replace lost tissues from cadaveric sources. Two major obstacles currently limit the future of composite tissue allotransplantation. The first is chronic rejection, attributed to both antibody deposition and cell-mediated destruction of transplanted tissue. The second obstacle is complications associated with the chronic use of immunosuppressive agents. Our laboratory has been investigating several strategies to induce tolerance to limb tissue allografts to provide solutions to many of the current limitations in allotransplantation. Three strategies show promise in the ability to induce tolerance to organ allografts. The first involves genetic matching at the HLA loci followed by a short course of immunosuppression. The second is the application of a “mixed chimerism” regimen followed by transplantation. The third is costimulatory blockade using a short course of monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-CD40 ligand and CTLA4-Ig after transplantation. Inducing a state of tolerance to limb allografts would eliminate the need for chronic immunosuppression and may also prevent the onset of chronic rejection. The ability to induce allograft tolerance would greatly expand the indications for composite tissue transplantation. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 20:448–452 2000