cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uptake and retention of manganese contrast agents for PET and MRI in the rodent brain.

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established neuroimaging method for signal enhancement, tract tracing, and functional studies in rodents. Along with the increasing availability of combined positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI scanners, the recent development of the positron-emitting isotope 52 Mn has prompted interest in the use of Mn2+ as a dual-modality contrast agent. In this work, we characterized and compared the uptake of systemically delivered Mn2+ and radioactive 52 Mn2+ in the rat brain for MRI and PET, respectively. Additionally, we examined the biodistribution of two formulations of 52 Mn2+ in the rat. In MRI, maximum uptake was observed one day following delivery of the highest MnCl2 dose tested (60 mg/kg), with some brain regions showing delayed maximum enhancement 2-4 days following delivery. In PET, we observed low brain uptake after systemic delivery, with a maximum of approximately 0.2% ID/g. We also studied the effect of final formulation vehicle (saline compared with MnCl2 ) on 52 Mn2+ organ biodistribution and brain uptake. We observed that the addition of bulk Mn2+ carrier to 52 Mn2+ in solution resulted in significantly reduced 52 Mn2+ uptake in the majority of organs, including the brain. These results lay the groundwork for further development of 52 Mn PET or dual Mn-enhanced PET-MR neuroimaging in rodents, and indicate several interesting potential applications of 52 Mn PET in other organs and systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in relation to germline variation in DNA repair genes

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4095 Introduction: DNA repair genes may influence chromosomal translocation, an early event in carcinogenesis for some NHL subtypes, and also respond to damage induced by UV, which has been implicated in NHL etiology. Methods: We examined DNA repair gene variants in blood or buccal cells from up to 1,172 incident lymphoma cases and 982 controls who participated in a population-based study of NHL in Los Angeles, Seattle, Detroit and Iowa from 1998-2000. Participants were genotyped for variants in five DNA repair pathways: Non-homologous end joining(NHEJ): RAG1 (K820R), LIG4 (-176), XRCC4 (N298S, S307, A247S); Homologous repair: BRCA1 (L77I, P871L, K1183R, S1613G); BRCA2 (N372H, K1132, S2414, 105bp3’ of STP, N289H, N991D), NBS1 (Q185E), TP53 (P72R), WRN (V114I, M387I, L1048F, C1341R), XRCC2 (R186H), XRCC3 (T241M); Nucleotide excision repair: ERCC1 (IVS5+33A>C ), ERCC2 (D312N, K751Q), ERCC4 (P379S), ERCC5 (H1104D), XPC (K939Q), Rad23B (A249V); Base excision repair:ADPRT (V762A), APEX (D148E), XRCC1 (Q399R, R280H, R194W); Direct reversal: MGMT (I143V, K178R, L84F). Discordance rates for blinded replicates were ≤ 1%. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for the matching factors of age, race, gender and study site. Among white non-Hispanic participants, relative odds of specific NHL subtypes (follicular, diffuse, T-cell, other) were also examined. Results: Overall, NHL cases were more likely than controls to be carriers of the RAG1 820 variant allele (Lys/Arg OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.6; Arg/Arg OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.0; p-trend=0.001) as were follicular lymphoma cases (Lys/Arg OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-2.0; Arg/Arg OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.0-12.0; p-trend=0.04). The Lig4 -176 variant allele was less common among cases than controls for all NHL (-176 CT OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.7-1.1; -176 TT OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3-0.9; p-trend=0.04) and for follicular lymphoma (-176 CT OR 0.8; 95% CI 0.6-1.1; -176 TT OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1-1.0; n=2, p-trend=0.08). Carriers of the BRCA2 372 His/His polymorphism had a slightly elevated NHL risk (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-2.0); predominantly of follicular (OR 1.5; 95% CI 0.9-2.6) and T-cell lymphoma subtypes (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2-6.9;n=8). Risks of follicular (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-2.0) and T-cell lymphoma (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.0-3.3) were also increased among those with either MGMT 143 Val/Ile or Val/Val genotypes. Conclusion: Our results support the possibility that variants in RAG1 and Lig4, which act in the NHEJ repair pathway, may be related to risk of NHL, particularly of follicular lymphoma. As many relationships were tested, results will be presented with consideration of the number of tests performed and the prior probability of a false positive result.
The Multidegree of the Multi-Image Variety

The multi-image variety is a subvariety of \(\mathop{\mathrm{Gr}}\nolimits (1, \mathbb{P}^{3})^{n}\) that parametrizes all of the possible images that can be taken by n fixed cameras. We compute its cohomology class in the cohomology ring of \(\mathop{\mathrm{Gr}}\nolimits (1, \mathbb{P}^{3})^{n}\) and its multidegree as a subvariety of \((\mathbb{P}^{5})^{n}\) under the Plucker embedding.
MCF7 microtubules: Cancer microtubules with relatively slow and stable dynamic in vitro

There is known to be significant diversity of β-tubulin isoforms in cells. However, whether the functions of microtubules that are polymerized from different distributions of beta isotypes become distinct from one another are still being explored. Of particular interest, recent studies have identified the role that different beta tubulin isotypes carry in regulating the functions of some of the molecular motors along MCF7, or breast cancer, microtubules. That being said, how the specific distribution of beta tubulin isotypes impacts the MCF7 microtubules' dynamic is not well understood. The current study was initiated to directly quantify the in vitro dynamic and polymerization parameters of single MCF7 microtubules and then compare them with those obtained from neuronal microtubules polymerized from porcine brain tubulin. Surprisingly, unlike porcine brain microtubules, this type of cancer microtubule showed a relatively stable and slow dynamic. The comparison between the subsequently fast and unstable dynamic of porcine brain microtubules with the significantly slow and relatively stable dynamic of MCF7 microtubules suggests that beta tubulin isotypes may not only influence the microtubule based functionalities of some molecular motors, but also may change the microtubule's intrinsic dynamic.
Comparison of effects of dose on image quality in digital breast tomosynthesis across multiple vendors

In traditional radiography and computed tomography (CT), contrast is an important measure of image quality that, in theory, does not vary with dose. While increasing dose may increase the overall contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), the contrast in an image should be primarily dependent on variation in tissue density and attenuation. We investigated the behavior of all three currently FDA-approved vendors’ 3D DBT systems (Siemens, Hologic, and General Electric (GE)) using the Computerized Imaging Reference Systems (CIRS) Model 011A Breast Phantom and found that for both Siemens and Hologic systems, contrast increased with dose across multiple repeated trials. For these two systems, experimental CNR also appeared to increase above the expected CNR, which suggests that these systems seem to have introduced post-processing by manipulation of contrast, and thus DBT data cannot be used to reliably quantify tissue characteristics. Additional experimentation with both 2D mammography and 3D DBT systems from GE in addition to the previously mentioned vendors, however, suggested that this relationship is not true for all systems. An initial comparison of contrast vs. dose showed no relationship between contrast and dose for 2D mammography, with the contrast remaining relatively constant in the dose range of 33% of the automatic exposure control setting (AEC) to 300% AEC for all three vendors. The GE DBT system also did not exhibit increased contrast with increased dose, suggesting that the behavior of 3D DBT systems is vendor-specific.
Biological Treatment of Photoprocessing Wastewaters

The activated sludge and anaerobic digestion processes were used for the biological treatment of photoprocessing wastewaters from two commonly used photoprocesses, namely KODAK Flexicolor Process C-41 and KODAK Ektacolor Process RA-4. Photoprocessing wastewaters were simulated in the laboratory and fed to fill-and-draw activated sludge reactors at loading levels less than or equal to 100% v/v along with a synthetic base feed. Up to 68% photoprocessing wastewater-derived COD removal was achieved by the fill-and-draw activated sludge reactors. Ammonia removal was achieved by all reactors, although some degree of nitrification inhibition -- manifested by the accumulation of nitrite -- was observed in some of the photoprocessing wastewater treating reactors. The performance of digesters fed with activated sludge generated in the presence of photoprocessing wastewaters (up to 50% v/v levels) matched or even surpassed that of the control digester (fed activated sludge without any photoprocessing wastewaters present). Digester failure -- accompanied by a cessation of gas production, increase in volatile fatty acids and lowering of the pH - was observed for only the digestion of activated sludge produced from the aerobic treatment of 100% photoprocessing wastewaters, primarily due to inhibition of methanogenesis. However, with prolonged incubation, digester recovery was observed.
The Influence of Product Knowledge on Purchase Venue Choice: Does Knowing More Lead from Bricks to Clicks?

This study examines consumer choice of purchase venues. Specifically, the study explores consumer characteristics (product knowledge, product involvement, and age) as they relate to the choice of p...
Bracing Later and Coping Better: Benefits of Mindfulness During a Stressful Waiting Period:

People frequently await uncertain news, yet research reveals that the strategies people naturally use to cope with uncertainty are largely ineffective. We tested the role of mindfulness for improving the experience of a stressful waiting period. Law graduates awaiting their bar exam results either reported their trait mindfulness (Study 1; N = 150) or were instructed to practice mindfulness meditation (Study 2; N = 90). As hypothesized, participants who were naturally more mindful or who practiced mindfulness managed their expectations more effectively by bracing for the worst later in the waiting period and perceived themselves as coping better. Additionally, participants who were low in dispositional optimism and high in intolerance of uncertainty benefited most from mindfulness (relative to control) meditation. These findings point to a simple and effective way to wait better, particularly for those most vulnerable to distress.
Use of cyproheptadine to control urine spraying and masturbation in a cat.

A 5-year-old male domestic longhair cat was examined because of urine spraying and masturbation. The cat had sprayed urine from the time it was acquired as a stray 4 years earlier. The cat was cryptorchid, and at 1 year of age, the scrotal testicle was removed. The cryptorchid testicle was surgically removed several months later; however, urine spraying and masturbation persisted. A diagnosis of territorial marking and separation anxiety was made. Serum testosterone concentration was within the reference range for sexually intact male cats. Treatment included behavior modification and administration of cyproheptadine (2 mg, p.o., q 12 h), which has been shown to have antiandrogenic effects in other species. Frequency of urine marking and masturbation decreased, along with serum testosterone concentration. The cat continued to do well as long as medication was given consistently. Eventually, the cat underwent a laparotomy for removal of remnant testicular tissues but was then lost to follow-up.
Prayer with the sick

] [~RAYER is the clergyman's unique $L method in calling upon the sick. He is the only professional person who prays in the sickroom; therefore it is vitally significant that he know the when, what, and why about prayer with the sick. The most common question ministers ask about prayer with the sick is: when do you pray ? I have written about this question upon several occasions, but I have long ago gotten over being surprised that it is necessary to read and hear the same statements over and over before they become real.
Assured Cloud-Based Data Analysis with ClusterBFT

The shift to cloud technologies is a paradigm change that offers considerable financial and administrative gains. However governmental and business institutions wanting to tap into these gains are concerned with security issues. The cloud presents new vulnerabilities and is dominated by new kinds of applications, which calls for new security solutions.
What Happened Last Night: Shameful Memories and Miltonic Nationhood

This chapter traces the connection between shame and memory in Paradise Lost and Milton’s political thought. Building on recent work in affect theory, Pivetti wagers that for Milton, shame “becomes a communal experience.” In Milton’s works, shame marks one’s entrance into time, which, through memory, also becomes an originary confrontation with difference. When they consume the forbidden fruit, Adam and Eve enter time, and this entrance is marked by the introduction of shameful memories. In the final books of Paradise Lost, and his political tracts, Milton expounds on the importance of communal shame in fashioning national identity. Political and sexual shame intertwine to articulate a national identity structured by a narrative of difference, misogyny, and marriage.
Generalized Fourier's law for nondiffusive thermal transport: Theory and experiment

Phonon heat conduction over length scales comparable to their mean free paths is a topic of considerable interest for basic science and thermal management technologies. However, debate exists over the appropriate constitutive law that defines thermal conductivity in the nondiffusive regime. Here, we derive a generalized Fourier's law that links the heat flux and temperature fields, valid from ballistic to diffusive regimes and for general geometries, using the Peierls-Boltzmann transport equation within the relaxation time approximation. This generalized Fourier's law predicts that thermal conductivity not only becomes nonlocal at length scales smaller than phonon mean free paths but also requires the inclusion of an inhomogeneous nonlocal source term that has been previously neglected. We provide evidence for the validity of this generalized Fourier's law through direct comparison with time-domain thermoreflectance measurements in the nondiffusive regime without adjustable parameters. Furthermore, we show that interpreting experimental data without the generalized Fourier's law can lead to inaccurate measurement of thermal transport properties.
Experimental Demonstration of a Modular, Quasi-Resonant Bidirectional DC–DC Converter Using GaN Switches for Electric Vehicles

A modular quasi-resonant bidirectional dc–dc converter composed of half-bridge gallium nitride modules (HBGM) with reduced switch voltage stress is proposed in this paper. By using an auxiliary capacitor, a resonant circuit is formed to shape the current and voltage so that zero-voltage switching at turn- on instant is achieved. Since the switching loss dominates the power losses in a high-frequency dc–dc converter, the soft-switching performance leads to a noticeable reduction in the total loss; so, the operating temperature will decrease, and consequently, size of the heatsink will be reduced. The proposed circuit takes advantage of enhancement-mode gallium nitride (eGaN) switches regarding their small on-resistance RDS(on), low gate charge, and fast switching speed to improve both efficiency and power density. The main performance issue of adopting GaN switches in a bidirectional dc–dc converter is the high voltage stress of GaN devices, which is handled by connecting the HBGM in the active-clamped stacked configuration, as well as optimizing printed circuit board layout design. Finally, a 1 kW, 600 V laboratory prototype operating at 100 kHz is implemented to validate the proposed concept.
Killer Technologies: the destructive creation in the technical change

Killer technology is a radical innovation, based on new products and/or processes, that with high technical and/or economic performance destroys the usage value of established techniques previously sold and used. Killer technology is a new concept in economics of innovation that may be useful for bringing a new perspective to explain and generalize the behavior and characteristics of innovations that generate a destructive creation for sustaining technical change. To explore the behavior of killer technologies, a simple model is proposed to analyze and predict how killer technologies destroy and substitute established technologies. Empirical evidence of this theoretical framework is based on historical data on the evolution of some example technologies. Theoretical framework and empirical evidence hint at general properties of the behavior of killer technologies to explain corporate, industrial, economic and social change and to support best practices for technology management of firms and innovation policy of nations. Overall, then, the proposed theoretical framework can lay a foundation for the development of more sophisticated concepts to explain the behavior of vital technologies that generate technological and industrial change in society.
The Globalized Library: American Academic Libraries and International Students, Collections, and Practices: Luckert, Yelena, and Carpenter, Lindsay I. (Eds.). Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, (2019). xiv + 431 pp., $90.00, ISBN 978-0-8389-8951-7.

Academic libraries exist within an international context, and the collection of essays included in The Globalized Library illustrates this nicely. Divided into five sections and 39 chapters, this w...
Evaluation of incidental adrenal masses at a tertiary referral and trauma center.

Abstract Background Incidental adrenal masses are those that are found on imaging performed for any nonadrenal evaluation. Published guidelines define accepted follow-up criteria for incidental adrenal masses; however, adherence to these guidelines and barriers to appropriate follow-up are not well understood. We aimed to describe practice patterns for the discovery, evaluation, and follow-up of incidental adrenal masses. Methods Medical records of patients with an incidental adrenal mass underwent retrospective review at a tertiary referral and level-1 trauma center, as well as regional ambulatory care locations. Individuals ≥18 years of age with an incidental adrenal mass identified during 2016 were included. Patterns of evaluation, follow-up, and associated adrenal diagnoses were determined. Results From a total of 19,171 cross-sectional imaging procedures (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), 244 patients with new incidental adrenal masses were identified. A majority (52%) were discovered as part of an evaluation in the emergency department. Of 153 patients with an identifiable primary care provider, approximately 75% had an in-network primary care provider, and 12 (7.8%) had both follow-up imaging and biochemical evaluation. Twenty-three percent of patients with an in-network primary care provider underwent an appropriate cross-sectional imaging procedure in follow-up compared to 29% for a non-network primary care provider (P = .54). Patients with a mass described with benign terminology were less likely to undergo follow-up imaging compared to those with indeterminate terminology (5% vs 37%, P Conclusion To optimize follow-up of incidental adrenal masses, efforts should be made to assure and prioritize inpatient/emergency department incidental findings and to communicate to the appropriate primary care provider the necessary next steps for evaluation. Further, efforts to increase biochemical testing should be pursued.
On the I/O complexity of hybrid algorithms for Integer Multiplication.

Almost asymptotically tight lower bounds are derived for the Input/Output (I/O) complexity $IO_\mathcal{A}\left(n,M\right)$ of a general class of hybrid algorithms computing the product of two integers, each represented with $n$ digits in a given base $s$, in a two-level storage hierarchy with $M$ words of fast memory, with different digits stored in different memory words. The considered hybrid algorithms combine the Toom-Cook-$k$ (or Toom-$k$) fast integer multiplication approach with computational complexity $\Theta\left(c_kn^{\log_k \left(2k-1\right)}\right)$, and "standard" integer multiplication algorithms which compute $\Omega\left(n^2\right)$ digit multiplications. We present an $\Omega\left(\left(n/\max\{M,n_0\}\right)^{\log_k \left(2k-1\right)}\left(\max\{1,n_0/M\}\right)^2M\right)$ lower bound for the I/O complexity of a class of "uniform, non-stationary" hybrid algorithms, where $n_0$ denotes the threshold size of sub-problems which are computed using standard algorithms with algebraic complexity $\Omega\left(n^2\right)$. As a special case, our result yields an asymptotically tight $\Theta\left(n^2/M\right)$ lower bound for the I/O complexity of any standard integer multiplication algorithm. As some sequential hybrid algorithms from this class exhibit I/O cost within a $\mathcal{O}\left(k^2\right)$ multiplicative term of the corresponding lower bounds, the proposed lower bounds are almost asymptotically tight and indeed tight for constant values of $k$. By extending these results to a distributed memory model with $n_0$ processors, we obtain both memory-dependent and memory-independent I/O lower bounds for parallel versions of hybrid integer multiplication algorithms. All the lower bounds are derived for the more general class of "non-uniform, non-stationary" hybrid algorithms that allow recursive calls to have a different structure.
The surgical learning curve

Surgical perfection takes years of training and a learning curve to optimize outcomes. This creates an ethical dilemma: although healthcare systems benefit from training new surgeons, the learning curve may cause suboptimal outcomes for the first patients a resident operates on. Can collective interest for the betterment of healthcare be combined with the wellbeing of the individual patient? We argue that this is possible under controlled circumstances. Residency programmes can optimize the learning curve of the trainee by active and extensive supervision: the 'See one, do one' mentality is outdated, even in relatively simple procedures. Residents can improve their skills by using hands-on training on animals or cadavers, or by re-watching their own procedures. It is possible that despite all preventative measures, the effect of the learning curve on surgical outcomes is inevitable and necessary where new surgeons are trained within regular healthcare systems. Ultimately, practice makes perfect.
Fostering Robust, Reliable, and Replicable Research at the Journal of Management:

We describe adaptations at the Journal of Management to increase robust, reliable, and replicable research. We begin with the premise that a condition of information asymmetry exists within the sub...
Association of Cerclage with Composite Adverse Outcomes among Women Delivered at 36 Weeks or Later.

Objective This study aimed to compare the maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes among singletons delivered at 36 weeks or later with cerclage during index pregnancy versus those without cerclage. Study Design This retrospective cohort study utilized the U.S. vital statistics datasets from 2011 to 2013. Inclusion criteria were women with nonanomalous singletons, with and without cerclage placement, without diabetes or hypertensive disorders, and delivered at 36 to 41 weeks. The coprimary outcomes were composite maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. Composite maternal adverse outcome included admission to intensive care unit, maternal transfusion, ruptured uterus, unplanned hysterectomy, or unplanned operating room procedure. Composite neonatal adverse outcome included Apgar score less than 5 at 5 minutes, assisted ventilation for more than 6 hours, neonatal seizure, birth injury, or neonatal death. Secondary outcomes were chorioamnionitis and cesarean delivery. Multivariable Poisson's regression models with error variance were used while adjusting for confounders. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Of the 8,508,228 women who met inclusion criteria, 0.2% had a cerclage and reached 36 weeks. Composite maternal (aRR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.76–2.36) and neonatal (aRR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11–1.47) adverse outcomes were significantly higher among those with cerclage than those without cerclage. Chorioamnionitis (aRR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.30–1.67) and cesarean delivery (aRR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.08–1.12) were also significantly higher in women with cerclage than those without cerclage. Conclusion There is an association between increased composite maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes among women with cerclage who delivered at 36 to 41 weeks as compared with those without cerclage. Key Points
Evaluation of the Hyper-Resolution Model-Derived Water Cycle Components Over the Upper Blue Nile Basin

Abstract Freshwater scarcity is a major global concern that is being exacerbated by the increasing population and changing climate. While close estimates of water cycle components and water budget analysis can help with planning for sustainable water resources management, limited hydroclimatic data have made such analysis challenging. The Upper Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia is such a hydroclimatic data–scarce region, with relatively arid and hot weather. Multiple studies have focused on water budget analysis in the UBN basin, but water cycle analyses are missing at high spatiotemporal resolution yield from a fully distributed hydrological model that closes water and energy budgets. In this paper, we describe the simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) and discharge at fine spatiotemporal resolution (500 m and 3 hourly) from 1979 to 2014, using the Coupled Routing and Excess STorage Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Snow (CREST- SVAS) distributed hydrological model, which physically maintains water and energy balance. We also present a comparison of ET and discharge as derived from CREST with those simulated by other existing global models. Our results show that, where the global models perform well for specific hydrological components, ET, and discharge, CREST can simulate ET at 500 m resolution with 0.93 correlation coefficient, 0.81 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and –4.75% bias (for daily scale) and discharge at different basin scales with NSE values ranging from 0.46 to 0.75. We performed cascade calibration for discharge and tested the optimized parameters on noncalibrated sites. The good model performance at the noncalibrated sites (NSE > 0.6; bias within 15%) indicated the calibrated parameters can be used for ungauged locations. Finally, the terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) from CREST was also consistent with reference data and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The hyper-resolution accurate hydrological components from CREST will enable effective prediction of water budget, helpful for initiating local and large-scale sustainable development plans that address social and policy requirements, as well as extreme climatic conditions.
Abstract 657: Inhibition of mTORC1 by dihydroartemisinin

mTOR functions as two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and is a central controller for cell growth and metabolism. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 are activated in numerous cancers, and have become the focus of anticancer drug development. Rapalogs and mTOR kinase inhibitors (TORKIs) have been developed. However, the anticancer efficacy of rapalogs is clinically weak or mild to most cancers, and the adverse effects of rapalogs and TORKIs are greatly concerned. So, it is imperative to discover and develop new generation of mTOR inhibitors. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is an anti-malarial agent showing good safety in both children and adults. Recently, we have shown that DHA, at pharmacological concentrations, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cells derived from various cancer types but not in normal or immortalized cell lines, implying that DHA is potentially a selective anticancer agent and may be repurposed for cancer therapy. Of interest, DHA potently suppresses mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1, but does not obviously affect mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of Akt, which is often activated by classic mTOR inhibitors (rapalogs) via a feedback mechanism. The results suggest that DHA is a novel mTORC1 inhibitor. This study was set to determine how DHA inhibits mTORC1. Here we found that DHA did not bind to any mTORC1 components (mTOR, mLST8 or raptor) directly, as determined by in vivo [3H]-DHA radiolabeling. Besides, our molecular docking revealed that DHA did not have the ability to bind FKBP12 or mTOR kinase domain, in contrast to the positive controls rapamycin (binding FKBP12) and INK128 (binding mTOR kinase domain). These data suggest that DHA inhibits mTORC1 via indirect mechanism(s). Further research revealed that DHA altered neither the phosphorylation of IGF-1R/PI3K/PTEN and ERK, nor the expression of REDD1, but induced phosphorylation of AMPKα (T172). Interestingly, DHA-induced mTORC1 inhibition was profoundly attenuated by inhibition with Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) or ectopic expression of dominant negative AMPKα2 (AMPKα2-DN), indicating that activation of AMPK links to inhibition of mTORC1. Collectively, the results support that DHA inhibits mTORC1 by activating AMPK. (Supported by the Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.) Citation Format: Wang Liu, Jun Luo, Yoshinobu Odaka, Shile Huang. Inhibition of mTORC1 by dihydroartemisinin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 657.
The impact of HLA-DR mismatch status on retransplant-free survival and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome‒free survival among sensitized lung transplant recipients.

INTRODUCTION Donor‒recipient HLA-DR locus matching may be protective against bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in lung transplant recipients. It is unknown whether this benefit is more significant among sensitized (calculated panel reactive antibodies (CPRAs) of >0%) and highly sensitized (CPRAs of ≥80%) recipients who may be at a higher risk for BOS. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of adults in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients who underwent lung transplantation between May 5, 2005 and May 31, 2019. Retransplant-free survival and BOS-free survival were compared among recipients with 0 vs ≥1 DR mismatches, grouped according to sensitization. RESULTS Among all 20,355 included recipients, 0 DR mismatch status was associated with improved retransplant-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74–0.93, p = 0.002) and BOS-free survival (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96, p = 0.007). Among sensitized recipients, 0 DR mismatch status was also associated with improved retransplant-free survival (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65–0.97, p = 0.02) and BOS-free survival (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.67–1.00, p = 0.04). There was however no difference in retransplant-free or BOS-free survival between sensitized and non-sensitized recipients with 0 DR mismatches. Among highly sensitized recipients, 0 DR mismatch status was not associated with retransplant-free or BOS-free survival. Among sensitized and highly sensitized recipients, 0 DR mismatch status was not associated with reduced use of plasmapheresis or reduced biopsy-proven, treated acute cellular rejection compared with non-sensitized recipients. CONCLUSIONS HLA-DR matching is associated with a similar improvement in retransplant-free and BOS-free survival among non-sensitized and sensitized lung transplant recipients. DR matching does not confer a more substantial retransplant-free or BOS-free survival benefit to highly sensitized recipients than to non-sensitized recipients.
Non-infectious and non-hereditary diseases of the corneal epithelium

The corneal epithelium serves as a physical barrier and a refractive element. Therefore, diseases of the corneal epithelium can increase the risk for infection and causes vision loss. The corneal epithelium can be affected by a multitude of conditions, such as infections, hereditary diseases, depositions, trauma, autoimmune conditions, factitious disorders, and iatrogenic causes. Non-infectious and non-hereditary corneal epithelial diseases represent a collection of conditions with diverse etiologies and clinical presentations but similar patient symptoms. The differing therapeutic interventions for each condition make clinical distinction important. The clinical characteristics, disease course, pathophysiology and current treatments for non-infectious, non-hereditary corneal epithelial diseases are reviewed.
Management and Outcomes of Children With Nursemaid's Elbow.

Study objective We identify the incidence and predictors of missed fracture and characterize patterns of radiography performance in children with a diagnosis of radial head subluxation in the emergency department (ED) setting. Methods We queried the Pediatric Health Information System database for visits by children younger than 10 years and with a diagnosis of radial head subluxation at 1 of 45 pediatric EDs from 2010 to 2018. The frequency of radiography use was assessed overall and between hospitals. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between patient-level characteristics and the outcome of missed fracture (return visit for upper extremity fracture within 7 days of the index visit). Results We identified 88,466 eligible visits; the median patient age was 2.1 years, 59% of visits were by female patients, and in visits in which laterality was noted, 60% of cases occurred in the left arm. Radiography was performed at 28.5% of visits; hospital rates of radiography performance ranged from 19.8% to 41.7%. Missed upper extremity fractures were observed in 247 cases (0.3% of the cohort). The odds of missed fracture were higher in children older than 6 years (adjusted odds ratio 2.32; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 4.81), children who underwent radiography at the index visit (adjusted odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.84 to 3.43), and children receiving acetaminophen or ibuprofen (adjusted odds ratio 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 2.06). Conclusion Radiographs were obtained for greater than one quarter of children presenting to a pediatric ED with radial head subluxation, with wide variation between hospitals. Missed fractures were rare. Future efforts should aim to reduce unnecessary radiography in this population.
The Face of Social Networks: Naive Observers’ Accurate Assessment of Others’ Social Network Positions From Faces:

We examined whether, even at zero acquaintance, observers accurately infer others’ social network positions—specifically, the number and patterning of social ties (e.g., brokerage—the extent to whi...
AIDD, Autonomy, and Military Ethics

In “Artificial Intelligence, Social Media and Depression,” Laacke and colleagues (2021) consider the ethical implications of artificial intelligence depression detector (AIDD) tools to assist pract...
Biosynthese der Membranlipide und Steroide

Dieses Kapitel behandelt die Biosynthese dreier wichtiger Komponenten biologischer Membranen – der Phospholipide, Sphingolipide und des Cholesterins (Kapitel 12). Die Synthese von Triacylglycerinen (Triglyceriden) wird ebenfalls dargestellt, denn dieser Stoffwechselweg uberlappt mit dem der Phosphoglyceride. Cholesterin ist sowohl als Membranbaustein als auch als Vorstufe vieler Signalmolekule von Interesse. Von dieser Verbindung leiten sich die Steroidhormone ab, beispielsweise Progesteron, Testosteron und Cortisol.
Recent progress and development of a speedster-EXD: a new event-triggered hybrid CMOS x-ray detector

We present the characterization of a new event-driven X-ray hybrid CMOS detector developed by Penn State University in collaboration with Teledyne Imaging Sensors. Along with its low susceptibility to radiation damage, low power consumption, and fast readout time to avoid pile-up, the Speedster-EXD has been designed with the capability to limit its readout to only those pixels containing charge, thus enabling even faster effective frame rates. The threshold for the comparator in each pixel can be set by the user so that only pixels with signal above the set threshold are read out. The Speedster-EXD hybrid CMOS detector also has two new in-pixel features that reduce noise from known noise sources: (1) a low-noise, high-gain CTIA amplifier to eliminate crosstalk from interpixel capacitance (IPC) and (2) in-pixel CDS subtraction to reduce kTC noise. We present the read noise, dark current, IPC, energy resolution, and gain variation measurements of one Speedster-EXD detector.
Wanna-Contraction as Restructuring

The structural conditions that govern that possibility of contracting the sequence want to into wanna have been widely discussed in the literature, and a number of analyses have been proposed. Here I will explore the hypothesis that wanna-contraction is the result of restructuring, in the sense of Rizzi (1982), and I will argue that such an approach offers significant advantages over previous analyses. Section 1 contains a review of some of these previous analyses, while section 2 presents the case for an analysis of wanna-contraction in terms of restructuring. Some issues in the learnability of this construction are explored in section 3, and a conclusion and summary are given in section 4.
Signal representation using fuzzy morphology

In this paper we propose a signal representation based on fuzzy morphology and adaptive structuring functions which is analogous to polynomial transforms. For completeness, we use a set of normalized and ordered structuring functions derived from orthogonal polynomials defined on a window. After windowing the given signal, the geometric decomposition of a windowed signal is achieved by applying fuzzy morphological opening sequentially using each of the structuring functions to fit the signal. The resulting representation is made to resemble an orthogonal expansion by constraining the result of opening to equal the adapted structuring function. Properties of the geometric decomposition permit us to develop an iterative procedure to calculate the adaptation parameters. The analysis and synthesis procedures are illustrated for images.
Organometallic chemistry of extended periodic π-electron systems: hexahapto-chromium complexes of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes

We explore the organometallic chemistry of graphitic materials and demonstrate the η6-complexation reactions of chromium with graphene, graphite and carbon nanotubes. All of these extended periodic π-electron systems exhibit some degree of reactivity toward the reagents Cr(CO)6 and (η6-benzene)Cr(CO)3, and we are able to demonstrate the formation of (η6-arene)Cr(CO)3 or (η6-arene)2Cr, where arene = single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), exfoliated graphene (XG), epitaxial graphene (EG) and highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). We report the ATR-IR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and chemistry of these new organometallic species and we observe clearly understandable trends in the chemistry and stability of the complexes based on curvature and surface presentation. For example, the SWNTs are the least reactive presumably as a result of the effect of curvature on the formation of the hexahapto bond; in the case of HOPG, (η6-HOPG)Cr(CO)3 was isolated while the exfoliated graphene samples were found to give both (η6-graphene)2Cr, and (η6-graphene)Cr(CO)3 structures. We report simple and efficient routes for the mild decomplexation of the graphene–chromium complexes which appears to restore the original pristine graphene state; exposure of the samples to white light in a solution of acetonitrile or the use of selected ligand competition reactions bring about a clean reversal of the metal complexation reactions and provide an independent proof of structure for the reaction products. This study represents the first example of the use of graphene as a ligand and is expected to expand the scope of graphene chemistry in connection with the application of this material in organometallic catalysis, where graphene can act as an electronically conjugated catalyst support.
Driving mechanisms for >40 km of exhumation during contraction and extension in a continental arc, Cascades core, Washington

[1] In the NW North American Cordillera, the Cascades core region of the Coast Plutonic Complex underwent Late Cretaceous (>96 Ma to locally 73 Ma) SW-NE contraction and crustal thickening followed by dextral transpression (∼73 to 55 Ma), then transtension ( 3 mm/yr) by local thrusting in regions undergoing crustal thickening. In the central part of the core (Chelan block), >40 km of exhumation occurred between 91 and 45 Ma, about half of which occurred during early contraction (driven by thrusting) and half during top-to-north, arc-oblique shear during reactivation of a midcrustal Cretaceous thrust, the Dinkelman decollement. The footwall of this thrust consists of the Swakane Biotite Gneiss, a Cretaceous, metaclastic assemblage with recorded pressures of 10–12 kbar, no arc-related magmatism, and structures dominated by pervasive top-to-north shearing. The hanging wall consists of the Napeequa Complex, an oceanic assemblage with recorded pressures of 6–12 kbar, voluminous arc-related magmatism, and complex structures indicating early top-to-WSW shearing, younger top-to-north shearing, and widespread folding. In the Napeequa, top-to-north shearing started by 73 Ma during melt-present conditions at pressures ≥6 kbar. Top-to-north shearing in both hanging wall and footwall continued during exhumation (∼1.6 mm/yr) and cooling to greenschist facies conditions during which slip became increasingly localized, eventually resulting in formation of pseudotachylite on discrete slip surfaces. We suggest that arc-oblique extension was driven by along-arc heterogeneity in displacements/erosion, initially during transpression and underplating of continental sediments, and later during transtension.
The Botany of Desire: A Plant's-Eye View of the World

The Botany of Desire:. Plant's-Eye View of the World. By Michael Pollan. 2001. New York: Random House. 271 pages. $24.95 (hardback). ISBN 0-375-50129-0
Can Thrift Bring Well‐being? A Review of the Research and a Tentative Theory

Contemporary forms of consumer capitalism encourage people to prioritize materialistic values, an orientation associated with lower personal well-being. Such materialistic values stand in contrast to the economic attitude of thrift, which encourages saving, self-sufficiency, reuse of goods, and avoiding debt. This article reviews the existing empirical literature on thrift and well-being, finding it to be very contradictory, with studies showing positive, negative, and null associations between various operationalizations of well-being and of thrift. A need-based theory is presented to explain these inconsistent findings. The theory suggests that thrifty attitudes, behaviors, and lifestyles sometimes can work to satisfy psychological needs for safety ⁄security, competence, relatedness, and autonomy (and thus promote well-being) but sometimes interfere with satisfaction of these needs (and thus diminish well-being). Empirical and anecdotal evidence is reviewed in support of this theory, and future directions for testing and refining it are proposed. The high levels of consumption required under contemporary American corporate capitalism are facilitated when people believe that happiness, success, and meaning arise (at least partly) from earning a good deal of money and spending it on the products, services, and experiences offered in the marketplace (Kasser, Cohn, Kanner, & Ryan, 2007). This consumer mindset or ‘materialistic value orientation’ (Kasser, Ryan, Couchman, & Sheldon, 2004) increases the probability that people engage in behaviors that support consumer capitalism, such as: spending their time shopping, learning about available goods and services, replacing functional but older goods with ‘the latest thing’, paying other people for services that were once taken care of within the household, and buying on credit. The idea of ‘thrift’ stands in contrast to many aspects of this economic system’s ideology, as it encourages people to save rather than spend, to avoid debt rather than purchase on credit, to reuse or repair objects rather than buy new ones, and to develop their own
New insights into the physiology and pharmacology of vitamin C

Pharmacokinetic data are now available for the absorption, plasma concentrations and renal excretion of vitamin C. With these new insights, it is worth reconsidering the clinical role of vitamin C in scurvy and subclinical deficiency, the amount of vitamin C required for good health and, in
An application analyzer

An interactive tool, aimed at supporting the application user/analyst in specifying and analyzing a business area, is presented. The features of the tool, named the Application Analyzer/Experimental, are described both in their theoretical foundations and their actual implementation. A brief description of the architecture of the tool and its internal Structure is given. A review of the main concepts of the application development area is also included. The follow-on of the prototype described here is the program offering known as System A.
Consistent Modeling of Rotational Nonequilibrium in a Hybrid Particle-Continuum Method

Hybrid particle-continuum methods are of interest to the simulation of partially rarefied, hypersonic flows because of the compromise they offer between physical accuracy and numerical efficiency. There are two considerations that are of principal importance to the development of such methods. First, sub-regions of the simulation domain must be assigned to either the particle or continuum solver based on some measure of continuum breakdown. Then, information must be exchanged between these domains in a consistent manner. The present study is concerned with the detection of rotational energy nonequilibrium, and the consistent treatment of rotational-translational energy exchange in both the continuum and particle methods. As such, a new continuum breakdown parameter is proposed and evaluated in the context of a hypersonic, blunt-body flow, and an existing rotational-translational energy exchange model for use in the particle method is verified to be consistent with the corresponding model in the continuum method for a binary gas mixture.