cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stent implantation is effective treatment of vascular stenosis in young infants with congenital heart disease: acute implantation and long-term follow-up results.

BACKGROUND Stents implantation in infants has been shown to be feasible, however, there are no published reports examining long-term outcomes. Concerns exist regarding creation of fixed obstructions secondary to the stent if expansion to larger diameters over time is not possible. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the earliest consecutive series of infants who underwent stent placement at our institution between October 1995 and December 1999. RESULTS Implantation of 33 stents were attempted in 27 infants, median age = 10 (25-24) months, wt = 8.1 (3.4-14.5) kg. Stents used were as follows: 16 large, 13 medium, and 4 coronary. Acute implant success was 94%. There were three nonprocedure-related deaths within 30 days of implantation, 1 patient was lost to follow-up and 1 had acute stent thrombosis. The remaining 22 patients (26 stents) form the long-term follow-up study group. Nineteen stents underwent 33 redilations. Following latest redilation, 67.0 (37-113) months postimplantation, minimal luminal diameter increased from 7.0 +/- 1.8 mm immediately following implantation to 8.7 +/- 2.3 mm (P < 0.001). Seven stents were electively removed/ligated during a planned surgery. All 18 remaining in situ stents are patent without significant obstruction 102 (84-116) months following implantation. There was one late death 51 months after stent implantation. The remaining 21 patients are alive and well. CONCLUSIONS Stent implantation in infants is safe and effective. Serial redilation is possible to keep pace with somatic growth; however, efforts should be made to implant stents with adult diameter potential in children who will not require further cardiac surgery. Implantation of small- and medium-sized stents can provide effective palliation and should be considered in carefully selected infants who will ultimately require future surgery.
Conversion of natural marine skeletons as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Marine CaCO3 skeletons have tailored architectures created by nature, which give them structural support and other functions. For example, seashells have dense lamellar structures, while coral, cuttlebone and sea urchin spines have interconnected porous structures. In our experiments, seashells, coral and cuttlebone were hydrothermally converted to hydroxyapatite (HAP), and sea urchin spines were converted to Mg-substituted tricalcium phosphate, while maintaining their original structures. Partially converted shell samples have mechanical strength, which is close to that of compact human bone. After implantation of converted shell and spine samples in rat femoral defects for 6 weeks, there was newly formed bone growth up to and around the implants. Some new bone was found to migrate through the pores of converted spine samples and grow inward. These results show good bioactivity and osteoconductivity of the implants, indicating the converted shell and spine samples can be used as bone defect fillers. The interconnected porous HAP scaffolds from converted coral or cuttlebone that have pore size larger than 100 ?m likely support infiltration of bone cells and vessels, and finally encourage new bone ingrowth.
Solving Lift-and-Project Relaxations of Binary Integer Programs

We propose a method for optimizing the lift-and-project relaxations of binary integer programs introduced by Lovasz and Schrijver. In particular, we study both linear and semidefinite relaxations. The key idea is a restructuring of the relaxations, which isolates the complicating constraints and allows for a Lagrangian approach. We detail an enhanced subgradient method and discuss its efficient implementation. Computational results illustrate that our algorithm produces tight bounds more quickly than state-of-the-art linear and semidefinite solvers.
Abstract B101: Design and optimization of a new series of HSP70 inhibitors for use in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Through a combination of structure-based design and similarity methods, we have identified a novel series of HSP70 inhibitors that are directed towards the ATPase domain. The structural core was identified through a multi-stage docking and similarity search of screening compounds available from multiple commercial sources. Upon selection of the core, a virtual library was constructed, pre-filtered, and screened in two docking packages. By combining the resulting scores with those from a docking decoy library, workflow software was used to calculate a Z-score, which has recently been shown to assist with separating actives from in-actives. ADME predicted values were also calculated for each structure in the virtual library. Filters were applied in the workflow at several points to focus on the best compounds, thirty of which were ranked and considered for synthesis. The compounds were synthesized in five steps using commercially available starting materials. At present, six compounds from the series have been synthesized and four of those were tested alone and in combination with a known proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib. The third highest ranked compound showed the most potent effect on pancreatic cancer cell death in multiple cell lines. We will report on the design, synthesis, and biological characterization of this new class of HSP70 inhibitors. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B101. Citation Format: David S. Maxwell, Duoli Sun, Zhenghong Peng, Wei Qi, David McConkey, James L. Abbruzzese, William G. Bornmann. Design and optimization of a new series of HSP70 inhibitors for use in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B101.
Papillary conjunctivitis associated with Kikuchi disease.

Purpose:To describe a case of papillary conjunctivitis associated with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD).Methods:Case report.Results:A 35-year-old black man developed bilateral eye redness before developing high fevers and cervical lymphadenopathy. Mediastinoscopy confirmed the diagnosis of KFD. The ey
Renaissance of Aeroelasticity and Its Future

The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the field of aeroelasticity continues to play a critical role in the design of modern aerospace vehicles, and several important problems are still far from being well understood. Furthermore, the emergence of new technologies, such as the use of adaptive materials (sometimes denoted as smart structures technology), providing new actuator and sensor capabilities, has invigorated aeroelasticity, and generated a host of new and challenging research topics that can have a major impact on the design of a new generation of aerospace vehicles.
Lowering the Sultan's Flag: Sovereignty and Decolonization in Coastal Kenya

On 17 December 1961, Ronald Ngala faced an audience of some five hundred supporters in Malindi, a town on the East African coast of the Indian Ocean. The crowd had come to watch Ngala lower the flag that symbolized colonial rule along the coast. This was not the Union flag of Great Britain, but the red flag of the Sultan of Zanzibar. It flew over a number of towns located along the ten-mile coastal strip “Protectorate” of what was then Kenya Colony and Protectorate. The flag symbolized this latter legal distinction, representing the sovereignty that the Sultan of Zanzibar retained over the coastal strip of Kenya after leasing its administration to Britain in a treaty signed in 1895. The flag's lowering was an act of political theatre—Ngala's supporters had hastily arranged the flag and flagpole, while the Sultan's real flag flew over the Malindi courts office nearby. The crowd celebrated its lowering with loud and wild cheers. Anxious onlookers later complained that Ngala had performed an act of treason. In Zanzibar, tense with the specter of racial violence, local press expressed outrage at this insult to the Sultan.
Germline BRCA1 185delAG mutations in Jewish women with breast cancer

Abstract Summary Background We aimed to find out the proportion of breast cancers in Ashkenazi Jewish women attributable to the frameshift mutation at position 185 involving the deletion of adenine and guanine (185delAG) in the breast cancer gene BRCA1 . Methods We studied 107 Ashkenazi Jewish women with breast cancer seen at medical oncology and genetic counselling clinics in New York over a three and a half year period beginning in 1992. 80 of the women were diagnosed before age 42 years; the other 27 were diagnosed between 42 and 50 years and had a positive family history. Genomic DNA testing by PCR amplification was done to identify any 185delAG mutations of the BRCA1 gene. Findings Of the 80 women diagnosed before the age of 42 years, 16 (20%, 95% Cl 11·2-28·8) were heterozygous for the mutation. All 16 women had at least one first-degree or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer. Of 27 probands diagnosed with breast cancer between the ages of 42 and 50 years who had at least one first-degree relative affected with breast or ovarian cancer, 8 (30%, 95% Cl 12-47) had 185delAG mutations. Interpretation These data suggest that screening for the 185delAG mutation may be useful in genetic counselling of these women where options for detection and prevention of possible cancers can be discussed.
Privacy-preserving authentication of trees and graphs

Secure data sharing in third-party environments such as the cloud requires that both authenticity and confidentiality of the data be assured, especially when such structures encode sensitive information (such as in XML documents). Existing authentication schemes for trees and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are authenticity-preserving, but not confidentiality-preserving, and lead to leakage of sensitive information during authentication. In this paper, we propose a family of three leakage-free authentication schemes for (1) tree data structures, (2) directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and (3) graphs (with cycles), which are also efficient. This family of schemes referred to as the "structural signatures" is based on the structure of the tree as defined by tree traversals and aggregate signatures. We also show through complexity and performance analysis that our scheme is practical in terms of the cost for authentication of data. We have also discussed two applications of the proposed scheme: (1) automatic correction and recovery from structural errors, and (2) secure publish /subscribe of XML documents.
Simple connection between signals in transient grating experiments and memories in generalized master equations for excitons

Abstract An exact, simple, and useful connection is shown to exist between transient grating signals and generalized master equations used in the analysis of exciton transport in molecular crystals. It is model independent and akin to the connection between the van Hove correlation function and scattering observables.
Electrically polarized HAp-coated Ti: in vitro bone cell-material interactions.

Abstract Electrically polarized bulk sintered hydroxyapatite (HAp) compacts have been shown to accelerate mineralization and bone tissue ingrowth in vivo. In this work, a comprehensive study has been carried out to investigate the influence of surface charge and polarity on in vitro bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on electrically polarized HAp-coated Ti. Uniform and crack free sol–gel derived HAp coatings of 20 ± 1.38 μm thickness were polarized by application of an external d.c. field of 2.0 kV cm−1 at 400 °C for 1h. In vitro bioactivity of polarized HAp coatings was evaluated by soaking in simulated body fluid, and bone cell–material interactions were studied by culturing with human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB) for a maximum period of 11 days. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that accelerated mineralization on negatively charged surfaces favored rapid cell attachment and faster tissue ingrowth over non-polarized HAp coating surfaces, while positive charge on HAp coating surfaces restricted apatite nucleation with limited cellular response. Immunochemistry and confocal microscopy confirmed that the cell adhesion and early stage differentiation were more pronounced on negatively charged coating surfaces as hFOB cells expressed higher vinculin and alkaline phosphatase proteins on negatively charged surface compared to cells grown on all other surfaces. Our results in this study are process independent and potentially applicable to any other commercially available coating techniques.
The language of love: Sex, sexual orientation, and language use in online personal advertisements

Stereotypes and biological theories suggest that psychological gender differences found in predominantly heterosexual samples are smaller or reversed among gay men and lesbians. Computerized text analysis that compares people’s language style on a wide range of dimensions from pronoun use to body references offers a multivariate personality marker to test such assumptions. Analysis of over 1,500 internet personal advertisements placed by heterosexual men, heterosexual women, gay men, and lesbians found little evidence that orientation alters the impact of gender on linguistic behaviors. Previously reported gender differences were replicated in the gay as well as the heterosexual advertisements studied. Main effects of sexual orientation indicated that gay people of both sexes apparently felt less need to differentiate themselves from potential mates than did heterosexual people. Virtually no crossover sexual orientation by sex interactions emerged indicating that several popular models of sexual orientation are not supported on a linguistic level.
A superelement model based on Lagrangian coordinates for multibody system dynamics

Abstract This paper presents a general-purpose superelement model for computer-aided analysis of multibody systems subject to kinematic constraints. The superelement concept is defined and a method based on Lagrangian coordinates is developed to obtain superelement parameters. Differential equations of motion of a system consisting of superelements and other elements is developed. Constraints internal to the superelements do not appear in the resulting differential equations. This leads to a set of differential and algebraic equations that has fewer dimensions and that requires less CPU time than the existing general-purpose schemes. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the model.
Electrical stimulation of the septal area in the rat: Prolonged suppression of water intake and correlation with self-stimulation

The role of the septal region in the control of drinking and self-stimulation behavior in the rat was investigated under conditions of forced and self-delivered brain stimulation. Sixty minutes of intermittent septal stimulation significantly reduced post-stimulation water consumption in water deprived rats without affecting the consumption of solid food or a liquid diet following food deprivation. In addition, those animals demonstrating the greatest suppression of water intake after forced stimulation also emitted the highest response rates to obtain rewarding brain stimulation from the same electrodes. These results support the hypothesis that the septal region plays an inhibitory role in the control of drinking behavior and suggests a relationship between the reward obtained by electrical brain stimulation and the central neural systems controlling thirst in the rat.
Salmon Salvage Problems in Relation to Shasta Dam, California, and Notes on the Biology of the Sacramento River Salmon

Abstract Studies of the chinook salmon runs which will be blocked by Shasta Dam on the Sacramento River, California, indicate that a total annual run of about 27,000 fish will be blocked sometime in 1942. There are two relatively distinct spawning runs, one in the spring and one in the fall. The number of eggs per female is calculated to be nearly 7,000. There are also two distinct downstream migrations, one in the spring and one in the fall. Most of the young salmon go to sea during their first spring. It is not considered practicable to install fish ladders over Shasta Dam because of the height of the structure and because young downstream migrants could not pass it safely. Therefore, consideration is being given to salvage plans similar to those used for the salmon runs blocked by Grand Coulee Dam in the upper Columbia River. All tributaries of the Sacramento River below Shasta Dam have been examined as to their suitability for transfer of the run now passing Redding. Of 17 drainages examined, 9 are dr...
NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT OF NATURAL WATERS

Evidence is presented to show the numerous sources of nutrient enrichment of natural waters. Factors affecting soil and water losses and their relationship to water pollution are discussed. The value and use of soil maps in predicting potential areas of water pollution from runoff and erosion is discussed. Small scale maps of the world are used to show how soil maps can be interpreted and used.
Dihydrothiamine-like substances as experimental artefacts

Experimental controls have shown that the dihydrothiamine-like substance previously reported as isolated from animal tissues was an artefact. In addition, no evidence is found for the reduction of thiamine by NADH.
Pancreatic cancer: An overview

There are about 27,000 new cases of carcinoma of the pancreas each year and most afflicted patients will die of the disease. Although smoking is a common denominator, chronic pancreatitis is considered to be an important precursor lesion, but to a much lesser degree. Pancreatic cancer is primarily a disease of the pancreatic ducts. The molecular events are under intense study, but c-K-ras mutation is involved in about 80% of the cases and p53 to a slightly lesser degree (60–80%). Early manifestations are usually occult with jaundice being a relatively early manifestation. Diagnostic imaging with thin slice computerized tomography and portography, along with endoscopic retrograde cho-langiopancreatography (ERCP), are currently the most sensitive detection techniques. The developing use of endoscopic ultrasound and laparoscopy appear to enhance detection and are under evaluation. In advanced disease, endoscopic bypass may eliminate the need for unnecessary surgery in many patients, although gastrointestinal bypass is still required in some (10–15%). Curative resection is possible in selected patients (perhaps 10–15%) with expectation of extended survival ranging from 6 to 20% in some series. The survival differences may be related to stage, patient selection, and the expertise of the operative team. Pre-operative chemoradiation is under study and may improve outcome. Clinical trial participation is essential for improvement in treatment outcomes. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, inc.
Mechanism of fracture produced by fatigue cycling with a positive mean stress in copper

In order to investigate the mechanism of fracture in smooth specimens cycled with a large mean stress, pure polycrystalline copper was fatigued under different loading conditions (R = 0, −0.33, −0.77 and −1). A two-stage Coffin-Manson plot was observed. The stage with the lower slope was correlated with a mechanism of cyclic creep fracture, which exhibits microfeatures similar to those of monotonic tension fractures. The other stage, having a greater slope, was correlated with a pure fatigue fracture mechanism. The transition between the regimes of cyclic creep and fatigue was found to move to a higher strain and a shorter fatigue life as R decreased, giving rise to a family of parallel Coffin-Manson curves. The transition point between creep and fatigue failure was found to be associated with a critical creep rate, independent of R, of the order of (0.8–1.4) × 10−6 per cycle.
U(VI) reduction to mononuclear U(IV) by Desulfitobacterium species.

The bioreduction of U(VI) to U(IV) affects uranium mobility and fate in contaminated subsurface environments and is best understood in Gram-negative model organisms such as Geobacter and Shewanella spp. This study demonstrates that U(VI) reduction is a common trait of Gram-positive Desulfitobacterium spp. Five different Desulfitobacterium isolates reduced 100 μM U(VI) to U(IV) in <10 days, whereas U(VI) remained soluble in abiotic and heat-killed controls. U(VI) reduction in live cultures was confirmed using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis. Interestingly, although bioreduction of U(VI) is almost always reported to yield the uraninite mineral (UO2), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis demonstrated that the U(IV) produced in the Desulfitobacterium cultures was not UO2. The EXAFS data indicated that the U(IV) product was a phase or mineral composed of mononuclear U(IV) atoms closely surrounded by light element shells. This atomic arrangement likely results from inn...
Radar equation for nonsinusoidal waves

The well-known radar equation for sinusoidal waves is extended to apply to nonsinusoidal waves, in particular to binary waves with the two values +or-E and +or-H for the electric- and magnetic-field strength during signal transmission. Three major modifications have to be made: the concept of radar cross section is changed; the gain of the radiating antenna and the resolution angle of the receiving antenna are different from the values holding for sinusoidal waves; and the effect of noise is modified, primarily due to the absence of a rectifier. >
The effect of molecular weight on the lamellar structure, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerates)

Abstract A poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) with 9% hydroxyvalerate content has been thermally degraded to give a set of materials of different molecular weights. The effect of molecular weight on the lamellar structure, thermal and mechanical properties was investigated. The long period, lamellar and amorphous thickness all increase as molecular weight increases; their values vary linearly with 1/(molecular weight). Observed melting temperatures increase with molecular weight, following the same functional form, while melting enthalpy and non-isothermal crystallization temperature decrease. Young's modulus varies by 13% with molecular weight; changes in crystallinity cannot explain this effect in detail. Ultimate tensile strength increases rapidly with molecular weight and then levels off at 28.5 MPa above 105 g/mol. This can also be seen as a linear variation with 1/(molecular weight). The strain at the point of ultimate tensile strength also increases rapidly up to 105 g/mol but then continues to increase at a slower rate.
Beneficial effects of pimobendan on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Results of a multicenter trial. The Pimobendan Multicenter Research Group.

BACKGROUNDThis multicenter trial was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of pimobendan, an inotropic agent with calcium-sensitizing properties and activity as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in patients with heart failure.METHODS AND RESULTSOne hundred ninety-eight ambulatory patients with symptoms of moderate to severe heart failure despite therapy with digitalis and diuretics with or without a single vasodilator were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (n = 49) or pimobendan (n = 149) in a double-blind fashion for 12 weeks. A dose range of pimobendan was used including 2.5 (n = 49), 5 (n = 51), or 10 mg/day (n = 49). One hundred fifty-eight (80%) patients were taking a converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) and 28 (14%) patients were taking a non-CEI vasodilator. At end point, the 5-mg dose of pimobendan significantly increase exercise duration compared with placebo (121.6 +/- 19.1 seconds, p less than 0.001), whereas the 10-mg dose produced an increase of borderline significance (81.1 +/- ...
Self-association of an Insect β-1,3-Glucan Recognition Protein Upon Binding Laminarin Stimulates Prophenoloxidase Activation as an Innate Immune Response

Insect β-glucan recognition protein (βGRP), a pathogen recognition receptor for innate immune responses, detects β-1,3-glucan on fungal surfaces via its N-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain (N-βGRP) and triggers serine protease cascades for the activation of prophenoloxidase (pro-PO) or Toll pathways. Using biophysical and biochemical methods, we characterized the interaction of the N-terminal domain from Manduca sexta βGRP2 (N-βGRP2) with laminarin, a soluble form of β-1,3-glucan. We found that carbohydrate binding by N-βGRP2 induces the formation of two types of protein-carbohydrate complexes, depending on the molar ratio of carbohydrate to protein ([C]/[P]). Precipitation, analytical ultracentrifugation, and chemical cross-linking experiments have shown that an insoluble aggregate forms when the molar ratio of carbohydrate to protein is low ([C]/[P] ∼ 1). In contrast, a soluble complex, containing at least five N-βGRP2 molecules forms at a higher molar ratio of carbohydrate/protein ([C]/[P] >5). A hypothesis that this complex is assembled partly due to protein-protein interactions was supported by chemical cross-linking experiments combined with LC-MS/MS spectrometry analysis, which permitted identification of a specific intermolecular cross-link site between N-βGRP molecules in the soluble complex. The pro-PO activation in naive plasma was strongly stimulated by addition of the insoluble aggregates of N-βGRP2. The soluble complex with laminarin formed in the plasma also stimulated pro-PO activation, but at a lower level. Taken together, these results provide experimental evidence for novel mechanisms in which associations of βGRP with microbial polysaccharide promotes assembly of βGRP oligomers, which may form a platform needed to trigger the pro-PO pathway activation cascade.
Neutral-fermion-soliton statistics in the short-range resonating-valence-bond state: A reevaluation.

Reexamen du calcul de la phase de Berry, par Kivelson, Rokhsar, et Sethna (KRS), des defauts de «spinons» neutres dans l'etat de liaison de valence resonnante de courte-portee; etude proposee comme un modele pour l'isolant de Mott bidimensionnel. En desaccord avec KSR, on trouve que si leur methode est appliquee de facon compatible. (correcte), elle predit que les «spinons» sont des bosons de spin 1/2
Identifying socially sensitive applicants for dental schools.

These two investigators have provided an interesting beginning for the selection of dental students in the future.
Studies of the mechanism of action of the terephthalanilide antagonists.

Abstract The antagonistic action of some terephthalanilide congeners with terminal acidic groups on the antileukemic activity in vivo and in vitro of the original terephthalanilide derivatives and related compounds has been correlated with the effects on the ultraviolet absorption spectra. In many cases this antagonistic activity is based on a complex formation between the two groups of compounds. The structure of the molecules indicates an interaction of the terminal basic groups of the antileukemic terephthalanilides with the terminal sulfate or phosphate groups of the antagonists.
Punta Toro virus (Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) infection in mice: strain differences in pathogenesis and host interferon response.

The Adames strain of Punta Toro virus (PTV-A, Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) causes an acute lethal disease in hamsters and mice. The Balliet strain of the virus (PTV-B) is generally considered to be avirulent. The difference in hamster susceptibility is likely due to the ability of PTV-A to suppress interferon (IFN)-β similarly to that described for Rift Valley fever virus. Here we investigated strain differences in PTV pathogenesis and the IFN response in mice. Although PTV-B infection in mice did not induce systemic IFN-β release, primary macrophages produced dramatically higher levels when exposed to the virus in culture. The importance of IFN in resistance to PTV infection was borne out in studies employing STAT-1 knock-out mice. Also, a number of genes specific to IFN response pathways were upregulated in PTV-B-infected macrophages. Our findings provide new insights into the type I IFN response during PTV infection in the mouse model of phleboviral disease.
q-DEFORMED FERMIONS: ALGEBRA, FOCK SPACE AND THERMODYNAMICS

We investigate an algebra describing q-deformed Fermion oscillators. We establish the nature of the basic numbers which follow from this algebra, study the Fock space of these generalized Fermions and determine the Jackson Derivative appropriate for these Fermions. The statistical thermodynamics of these Fermions is examined and it is demonstrated that a consistent formulation preserving its full Legendre structure is accomplished by the use of Jackson Derivatives in place of the ordinary thermodynamic derivatives. We determine the important thermodynamic functions and illustrate the thermodynamic properties of q-Fermions.
An extremal problem for sets with applications to graph theory

Abstract Let X1, …, Xn be n disjoint sets. For 1 ⩽ i ⩽ n and 1 ⩽ j ⩽ h let Aij and Bij be subsets of Xi that satisfy |Aij| ⩽ ri and |Bij| ⩽ si for 1 ⩽ i ⩽ n, 1 ⩽ j ⩽ h, (∪ i A ij ) ∩ (∪ i B ij ) = ⊘ for 1 ⩽ j ⩽ h, (∪ i A ij ) ∩ (∪ i B il ) ≠ ⊘ for 1 ⩽ j h⩽ Π i=1 n r i +s i r i . This result is best possible and has some interesting consequences. Its proof uses multilinear techniques (exterior algebra).
The Pursuit of Productivity

This study names a pantheon of entrepreneurs and managers who have introduced a range of far-reaching productivity innovations throughout modern history. The thread tying together all of the innovations, in whatever sector of the economy one examines, is the theory of swift, even flow. The study argues why swift, even flow explains the power and long-lasting nature of these innovations and why other factors thought by some to affect productivity fall short.
A study of occupational health and safety measures in the Laundry Department of a private tertiary care teaching hospital, Bengaluru.

Introduction: The Laundry Department plays an important role in preventing the spread of infection and continuously supplying clean linen to various departments in any hospital. Objectives of the Study: To identify existing practices and occupational safety and health (OSH) measures in the Laundry Department and to assess the use of personal protective equipments (PPEs) among health care workers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a private tertiary care teaching hospital. An observation checklist was developed, which was partially based on occupational hazard checklist of OSHA for Laundry Department. This was field tested and validated for applicability for this study. Results: The potential biological hazards are infections through exposure to aerosols, spills and splashes during various activities, fungal infection due to wet clothes and environment and infections through fomites. The potential physical hazards are injuries due to slips and falls, exposure to heat, humidity, dust, noise, and vibration. The potential chemical hazards are contact dermatitis and allergic asthma due to exposure to detergents, phenyl solution, bleaching powder, and soap oil solution. The potential ergonomic hazards are musculoskeletal diseases and repetitive stress injuries at the shoulder, elbow, and small joints of the hands. PPEs were not used consistently in most areas of the department.
Ruinous subsets of Richard Thompson’s group F

Abstract The group F was invented in the 1960’s by Richard Thompson. Geoghegan then asked the question of whether or not F is an example of a finitely presented nonamenable group which has no free subgroup on two generators. We show that F is nonamenable if and only if there exist subsets in the positive monoid P of F which satisfy certain properties.
Table of criterion values ( β ) used in signal detection theory

A table of criterion values for use with the theory of signal detection (TSD) is presented. Criterion values (β) are presented for varying proportions of hits and false alarms. A brief explanation of signal detection theory is given, and the measures for sensory sensitivity (d′) and response criterion (β) are described.
Oh my aching heart: a case for I.D.P. gene.

Captain Mendoza was busy overseeing the preparation of the Tierra Firma flotilla that would soon depart Havana for Spain on this warm, sunny July morning. He gazed with pride at the ships, his men, and in the knowledge that he would bring exquisitely crafted gold jewelry back to Barcelona. A crucifix for the bishop and a medallion for his beloved Juanita. Out to sea but for a fortnight, however, his plans were awash, his fate lost at sea. Ten galleons would sink off the coast of Florida during the violent storm that struck on July 31, 1715. Only months later would Juanita learn of this tragedy and her broken heart would ache for years thereafter. As Nicole Sanchez, resident in internal medicine, read this novel of exploration in the New World, she revelled in Spain’s maritime history. Many celebrations were planned for this historic 1992. Included amongst them the 500th anniversary of that famous expedition by the Nifia, Pinta and Santa Maria, which had begun August 3, thanks to the patronage of Isabella, Queen of Castile and wife of Ferdinand V. She would further learn that in the spring of 1506, Columbus would lament of his cardiac disease and dropsy—’ ‘this illness now works me without pity.’ Barcelona, a 2000-year-old maritime city and host to the Universal Exhibition of 1888 and International Exhibition of 1929, was busy preparing for the 1992 Olympics. Working in one of this city’s famous medical centers, Nicole was caring for many patients with heartache that accompanied their myocardial infarction (MI) and the disability, lost income and expenses that followed. Why is it that some patients developed atherosclerotic disease of the coronary circulation? Obviously there were certain well-recognized risk factors, but how many patients did sbe follow who did not appear at risk, wbo in fact even exercised regularly, but had such an adverse cardiovascular
A europium-doped, calcium-fluoride scintillator system for low-level tritium detection

Abstract An in-line detector and electronic system for low-level tritium detection have been built and tested. Tritium betas are detected with a europium-doped calcium-fluoride CaF 2 (Eu) scintillator-photomultiplier combination. An inexpensive, fully integrated circuit, amplifying pulse shape analyzer, was designed and built for detecting low-level signals in the presence of phototube noise and cosmic ray overloads. The amplifying pulse shape analyzer performs signal post-amplification and -shaping, pulse shape discrimination, and single channel energy analysis. The system is ideally suited for computer monitoring and controlling of tritium-contaminated gas streams. A detailed description is presented of the detector and accessory electronics as well as the system calibration using tritiated gas standards for a range of tritium concentration from 0.35 nCi/cm 3 (STP) to 0.68 μCi/cm 3 (STP). The minimum detectable concentration was calculated to be 48 pCi/cm 3 (STP).
Pyrimidine Metabolism in Cotyledons of Germinating Alaska Peas

Cotyledons from Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska seeds were excised 12, 36, 108, 132, and 156 hours after imbibition in aerated distilled water. They were then incubated under aseptic conditions for 6 hours in solutions containing either uridine-2-14C or orotic acid-6-14C. Uridine was more extensively degraded to 14CO2 at all germination stages than was orotate, and these rates remained essentially constant at each stage. Incorporation of each compound into RNA increased about 2-fold from the 12th to the 156th hour, although the total RNA present decreased slightly over this interval. Paper chromatography of soluble labeled metabolites produced from orotate showed that the capacity to metabolize this pyrimidine increased markedly as germination progressed. Radioactivity in uridine-5′-P, uridine diphosphate-hexoses, and uridine diphosphate increased most, while smaller or less consistent increases in uridine, uracil, uridine triphosphate, and an unidentified UDPX compound were also observed. The data suggest that orotate metabolism was initially limited by orotidine-5′-phosphate pyrophosphorylase or by 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. Incorporation of uridine into RNA appeared to be limited at the earliest germination periods by conversion of uridine-5′-P to uridine diphosphate. Thus, during the 1st week of germination the orotic acid pathway and a salvage pathway converting uridine into RNA become activated.
Changes in reality monitoring and episodic memory in early childhood.

The purposes of this research were to examine the developmental relation between reality monitoring and episodic memory, to link reality monitoring to autobiographical memory by using extended naturalistic events, and to examine prefrontal functioning as a potential contributor to development in reality monitoring and episodic memory. In Experiment 1, 4-year-olds were worse than 6- or 8-year-olds at reality monitoring after a week delay, despite the fact that they remembered more about real than imagined events and remembered different aspects of each. In Experiments 2 and 3, reality monitoring and episodic memory were evaluated for 4- and 6-year-olds immediately after the events occurred and, in Experiment 3, again after a week delay. Reality monitoring was at higher levels for both age groups, but age differences remained. These data suggest that preschoolers’ difficulties with reality monitoring result from a combination of episodic memory deficits and strategic differences. In addition, correlation analyses more directly linked preschoolers’ reality monitoring to episodic memory and supported the hypothesis that episodic memory development is related to prefrontal functioning.
The sensitivity of HyperNEAT to different geometric representations of a problem

HyperNEAT, a generative encoding for evolving artificial neural networks (ANNs), has the unique and powerful ability to exploit the geometry of a problem (e.g., symmetries) by encoding ANNs as a function of a problem's geometry. This paper provides the first extensive analysis of the sensitivity of HyperNEAT to different geometric representations of a problem. Understanding how geometric representations affect the quality of evolved solutions should improve future designs of such representations. HyperNEAT has been shown to produce coordinated gaits for a simulated quadruped robot with a specific two-dimensional geometric representation. Here, the same problem domain is tested, but with different geometric representations of the problem. Overall, experiments show that the quality and kind of solutions produced by HyperNEAT can be substantially affected by the geometric representation. HyperNEAT outperforms a direct encoding control even with randomized geometric representations, but performs even better when a human engineer designs a representation that reflects the actual geometry of the robot. Unfortunately, even choices in geometric layout that seem to be inconsequential a priori can significantly affect fitness. Additionally, a geometric representation can bias the type of solutions generated (e.g., make left-right symmetry more common than front-back symmetry). The results suggest that HyperNEAT practitioners can obtain good results even if they do not know how to geometrically represent a problem, and that further improvements are possible with a well-chosen geometric representation.
Dark heterotrophic growth of an endophytic blue-green alga

0768 09 1. An axenic culture of a species of Nostoc from the coralloid roots of the cycad Macrozamia lucida, grows heterotrophically in complete darkness at measurable and reproducible rates. 2. Heterotrophic growth was supported by glucose, fructose and sucrose over the pH range 6 to 9. The growth rate with glucose was increased if casamino acids were added. 3. Heterotrophic growth on glucose proceeded under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 4. Cultures grown in the dark were pigmented. There was no significant difference in the ultrastructure of photoautotrophically-grown and dark heterotrophically grown cells.
Critical response: Audience texts and contexts

(1987). Critical response: Audience texts and contexts. Critical Studies in Mass Communication: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 318-322.
Optimization under adaptive error control for finite element based simulations

Optimization problems constrained by complex dynamics can lead to computationally challenging problems especially when high accuracy and efficiency are required. We present an approach to adaptively control numerical errors in optimization problems approximated using the finite element method. The discrete adjoint equation serves as a key tool to efficiently compute both parameter sensitivities and goal-oriented error estimates at the same discretized levels. By using a recovery method for the error estimators, we avoid expensive higher order adjoint calculations. We nest the adaptivity of the mesh within the optimization algorithm, which is responsible for converging both the state and optimization algorithms and thereby allowing the reuse of state, parameters, and reduced Hessian in subsequent optimization iterations. Our approach is demonstrated on a parameter estimation problem for contamination transport in a contact tank reactor. Significant efficiency and accuracy improvements are realized in comparison to uniform grid refinement strategies and black-box optimization methods. A flexible and maintainable software interface was developed to provide access between the underlying linear algebra of a production simulator and advanced numerical algorithms such as optimization and error estimation.
Altered sphincter of oddi phasic activity following truncal vagotomy

Neural as well as hormonal influences regulate sphincter of Oddi function. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that truncal vagotomy alters sphincter of Oddi phasic activity and response to hormonal stimulation. Adult, male prairie dogs underwent either sham laparotomy or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Postoperatively, all animals were fed a trace-cholesterol (nonlithogenic) diet for 3 months. In acute terminal experiments the distal common bile duct was perfused with lactated Ringer's solution at 0.1 ml/min. Sphincter of Oddi (SO) phasic contractions as well as baseline resistance were recorded before and during a 30-minute intravenous infusion of 10 ng/kg/min of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-OP). Before the CCK-OP infusion, both the frequency and amplitude of SO phasic contractions were significantly greater (P < 0.01) in vagotomized animals. During CCK-OP, the frequency of SO phasic contractions remained significantly greater (P < 0.01) in the vagotomy animals. The amplitude of SO phasic contractions, however, increased significantly (P < 0.03) in response to CCK-OP only in sham animals. Vagotomized animals failed to develop any further increase in the amplitude of SO phasic contractions during CCK-OP infusion. No differences in baseline resistance were noticed between sham and vagotomized animals before or during the infusion of CCK-OP. These findings suggest that (1) vagal tone inhibits sphincter of Oddi phasic contractions, (2) vagotomy increases sphincter of Oddi phasic activity, and (3) parasympathetic denervation alters the sphincter of Oddi's response to CCK-OP. Since the sphincter of Oddi plays an important role in normal gallbladder filling and emptying, altered sphincter of Oddi function may, in part, be responsible for the gallbladder stasis observed following vagotomy.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Chemiresistive Affinity Biosensors for Small Molecules: Ultrasensitive Glucose Detection

We report for the first time single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based chemiresistive affinity sensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of small and/or weakly charged or uncharged molecules using a displacement format. The detection of glucose, a small, weakly charged molecule, by displacement of plant lectin (concavalin A) bound to a polysaccharide (dextran) immobilized on SWNTs with picomolar sensitivity and selectivity over other sugars and human serum proteins is demonstrated as a proof of concept.
Jurassic System in the Williston Basin: ABSTRACT

The Jurassic system in the Williston basin is divided into the thin non-marine Morrison formation at the top and the thick marine Ellis group below. The Ellis group includes the Upper Jurassic Sundance formation and the Middle Jurassic Piper formation. No Lower Jurassic rocks are known. Over most of the basin the Piper overlies Triassic Spearfish rocks, except in the north, where it overlies Mississippian or Devonian. The center of Jurassic deposition was in western North Dakota, and a less important Jurassic basin was in southern Saskatchewan. Grain size and relative amount of clastic material decrease toward the east, and limestones and calcareous shales are more abundant in the areas of thickest accumulation. The lower part of the Piper formation contains red shales and gypsum, and it is commonly difficult to separate it from underlying Triassic strata. Members of the Sundance formation defined in the Black Hills can not now be recognized in the basin, and the Rierdon formation of the Ellis group in Montana is not a readily mappable unit in North Dakota. Oil has been produced in Wyoming and Saskatchewan from rocks equivalent to the Sundance and Piper. Sundance sandstones and Piper limestones have suitable porosity and may be found to be productive on structure elsewhere in the basin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2617------------
Novel pharmacologic approach to enhance the epigenetic and immune priming effect of decitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Meeting abstracts DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT-1) is a key epigenetic enzyme in cancer cells which inactivates proliferation terminating genes and downregulates the expression of cancer related proteins and neoantigens by hypermethylation. Prolonged exposure of tumor cells to DAC is required for
Instrumentation of YSZ oxygen sensor calibration in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic

Liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), a good candidate for the coolant in the subcritical transmutation blanket, is known to be very corrosive to the stainless steel that transports it. Such a corrosion problem can be prevented by producing and maintaining a protective oxide layer on the exposed surface of the stainless steel. Proper formation of the oxide layer critically depends on the accurate measurement and control of the oxygen concentration in liquid LBE. An oxygen sensor calibration/measurement apparatus has been designed and built to deliberately calibrate an yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) oxygen sensor. A detailed description of this system with its main components and their functions is presented. Calibration curves of voltage vs. temperature, ranging from 350/spl deg/C to 550/spl deg/C, under various oxygen concentrations in liquid LBE have been obtained for the YSZ oxygen sensors, and are presented and analyzed. The characteristics of this YSZ oxygen sensor are analysed and discussed.