cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonperturbative transient four-wave-mixing line shapes due to excitation-induced shift and excitation-induced dephasing

We numerically calculate the transient-four-wave-mixing (TFWM) response in systems that exhibit either a resonance frequency or a dephasing rate that depends on the level of excitation, which can occur in semiconductors or a dense atomic vapor. These effects change the intensity dependence of the TFWM signal, causing it to display noncubic behavior for significantly lower pulse areas and even a reduction in signal intensity for increasing pulse area. They also qualitatively change both the temporal behavior and spectrum of the TFWM signal in ways that cannot adequately be described in perturbation theory. For time-integrated TFWM, the saturation behavior is also found to depend on the delay between pulses. For comparison, the effects of local fields are also calculated as they produce similar effects. These results can help provide discrimination among the various phenomena.
Sanctification of Marriage and General Religiousness as Buffers of the Effects of Marital Inequity

Theory suggests that relationship inequity will be associated with less marital and personal distress among the more religious, and that this interaction effect will be stronger for women than men. Data are from 178 married couples experiencing the third trimester of pregnancy of their first biological child. Five outcome variables were assessed for each spouse: marital satisfaction, love, marital conflict, depression, and anxiety. Consistent with equity theory, perceived relative advantage was related in a non-monotonic fashion to all outcomes, with increasing advantage predicting better outcomes up to the equity point, but worse outcomes afterwards. Sanctification of marriage appeared to be a more important moderator of inequity effects than general religiousness. In particular, relative advantage had weaker effects among higher sanctifiers. The influence of relative advantage was also conditioned by gender. Wives' psychological well-being appeared to be more adversely affected than men's due to considering oneself overbenefited in the relationship. Moreover, the interaction between sanctification and relative advantage was somewhat stronger for wives.
Network-constrained regularization and variable selection for analysis of genomic data

Motivation: Graphs or networks are common ways of depicting information. In biology in particular, many different biological processes are represented by graphs, such as regulatory networks or metabolic pathways. This kind of a priori information gathered over many years of biomedical research is a useful supplement to the standard numerical genomic data such as microarray gene-expression data. How to incorporate information encoded by the known biological networks or graphs into analysis of numerical data raises interesting statistical challenges. In this article, we introduce a network-constrained regularization procedure for linear regression analysis in order to incorporate the information from these graphs into an analysis of the numerical data, where the network is represented as a graph and its corresponding Laplacian matrix. We define a network-constrained penalty function that penalizes the L1-norm of the coefficients but encourages smoothness of the coefficients on the network. Results: Simulation studies indicated that the method is quite effective in identifying genes and subnetworks that are related to disease and has higher sensitivity than the commonly used procedures that do not use the pathway structure information. Application to one glioblastoma microarray gene-expression dataset identified several subnetworks on several of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) transcriptional pathways that are related to survival from glioblastoma, many of which were supported by published literatures. Conclusions: The proposed network-constrained regularization procedure efficiently utilizes the known pathway structures in identifying the relevant genes and the subnetworks that might be related to phenotype in a general regression framework. As more biological networks are identified and documented in databases, the proposed method should find more applications in identifying the subnetworks that are related to diseases and other biological processes. Contact: hongzhe@mail.med.upenn.edu
Prospective clinical investigation of the relationship between idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and bone turnover: a pilot study.

Objective/Hypothesis Idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a strong indicator of decreased bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) in postmenopausal women, and there is a correlation between BPPV and serum levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover. Study Design Prospective pilot clinical trial. Methods Two groups of postmenopausal women were recruited. The BPPV group consisted of 16 women with a diagnosis of BPPV. The OSTEO group consisted of 13 women with history of osteopenia/osteoporosis. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan results were compared, along with serum levels of ionized calcium (iCa), vitamin D, aminoterminal propeptide of protocollagen type I (P1NP), and aminoterminal telopeptides of collagen (sNTX). Results Prevalence of decreased bone mass density among BPPV subjects was 81%, and prevalence of BPPV among OSTEO subjects was 31%. BPPV subjects had higher P1NP levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that among BPPV subjects, there was positive correlation between P1NP and sNTX and a negative correlation between P1NP and vitamin D level. Age was positively correlated with serum levels of both biomarkers among the BPPV subjects. T score, serum iCa, and serum vitamin D levels did not appear to correlate with presence of BPPV. Conclusions Idiopathic BPPV subjects have a high prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis. Levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover correlate with presence of BPPV. Our results, based on a sample of U.S. subjects, support an association between idiopathic BPPV and disorders of bone turnover. Level of Evidence 2b. Laryngoscope, 123:2834–2839, 2013
HotSpot: a compact thermal modeling methodology for early-stage VLSI design

This paper presents HotSpot-a modeling methodology for developing compact thermal models based on the popular stacked-layer packaging scheme in modern very large-scale integration systems. In addition to modeling silicon and packaging layers, HotSpot includes a high-level on-chip interconnect self-heating power and thermal model such that the thermal impacts on interconnects can also be considered during early design stages. The HotSpot compact thermal modeling approach is especially well suited for preregister transfer level (RTL) and presynthesis thermal analysis and is able to provide detailed static and transient temperature information across the die and the package, as it is also computationally efficient.
A Factorial Data Rate and Dwell Time Experiment in the National Transonic Facility

This report is an introductory tutorial on the application of formal experiment design methods to wind tunnel testing, for the benefit of aeronautical engineers with little formal experiment design training. It also describes the results of a Study to determine whether increases in the sample rate and dwell time of the National Transonic Facility data system Would result in significant changes in force and moment data. Increases in sample rate from 10 samples per second to 50 samples per second were examined, as were changes in dwell time from one second per data point to two seconds. These changes were examined for a representative aircraft model in a range of tunnel operating conditions defined by angles of attack from 0 deg to 3.8 degrees, total pressure from 15.0 psi to 24.1 psi, and Mach numbers from 0.52 to 0.82. No statistically significant effect was associated with the change in sample rate. The change in dwell time from one second to two seconds affected axial force measurements, and to a lesser degree normal force measurements. This dwell effect comprises a "rectification error" caused by incomplete cancellation of the positive and negative elements of certain low frequency dynamic components that are not rejected by the one-Hz low-pass filters of the data system. These low frequency effects may be due to tunnel circuit phenomena and other sources. The magnitude of the dwell effect depends on dynamic pressure, with angle of attack and Mach number influencing the strength of this dependence. An analysis is presented which suggests that the magnitude of the rectification error depends on the ratio of measurement dwell time to the period of the low-frequency dynamics, as well as the amplitude of the dynamics The essential conclusion of this analysis is that extending the dwell time (or, equivalently, replicating short-dwell data points) reduces the rectification error.
A balanced approach to interpreting the WHIRCDMT

I read with interest the critique of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial (WHIRCDMT) by Prof. Tim Noakes. His critique focused on the varying incidence of cardiovascular outcomes between women with and without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and justly called for more discussion and transparency with respect to these findings. The latter half of the critique, however, unfairly portrays the low-fat dietary intervention as deleterious for weight gain and the development of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Pharmacokinetics of sustained serum methotrexate concentrations secondary to gastrointestinal obstruction.

A physiological pharmacokinetic model for methotrexate was refined and used to simulate serum methotrexate concentrations after high dose (5000 mg/m2) intravenous infusions with fixed normal values for all model parameters except the GI transit rate. There was good agreement between simulated and measured values when model simulations with the normal GI transit rate were compared to values measured following 109 doses administered to 27 patients with normal GI function. When model simulations were performed using GI transit rates representing 75, 50, and 10% of normal, there was a marked prolongation of the terminal serum methotrexate half-life, which was directly related to the reduction in the transit rate. When simulations were performed with GI transit reduced by 50%, the maximum amount of methotrexate in the GI lumen was 25% higher and occurred 4 hr later. Model simulations of serum methotrexate concentrations, using a GI transit rate reduced by 50%, were also in good agreement with serum concentrations measured in two patients with partial GI obstruction. These data establish a pharmacokinetic basis for previous clinical observations indicating sustained serum methotrexate concentrations in patients with GI obstructions and exemplify the utility of physiological pharmacokinetic models in assessing the potential effects of clinical variables on drug disposition.
Modeling and analysis of channel transferability in mobile computing environments

Mobile computers use wireless channels to communicate with other computers. The finite number of channels should be efficiently allocated to maximize throughput and to avoid co-channel interference. Temporal variations in, channel demand (load) require channel allocation to adapt dynamically to the changing demand. The presence of load imbalance does not automatically imply the usefulness of channel transfer. In this paper we present a probabilistic analysis of the temporal imbalance in channel demand. The effectiveness of channel transfer decisions depends on the probability distribution of the duration for which the imbalance persists. The results of our analysis provide guidelines for the design of dynamic distributed channel allocation strategies.
Accuracy of patient recall of hand and elbow disability on the QuickDASH questionnaire over a two-year period

Orthopaedic outcomes research is increasingly emphasizing the use of standardized patient-rated questionnaires. In prospective study designs, investigators collect such measures of disability prospectively before the intervention and also after the intervention to quantify treatment effect. However, case series, case-control studies, retrospective cohorts, and even cross-sectional studies may rely on patients’ ability to recall preintervention impairment in order to determine an intervention’s effectiveness1,2. Despite the convenience of using recall patient-rated questionnaires, this reliance on patient memory introduces the possibility of recall bias. Recall bias is a well-known form of systematic error. In orthopaedic surgery, this may bias results secondary to differential recall of a prior health state that is either skewed by the current health state or by the severity of the pretreatment condition. Alternatively, random error related to the duration of time elapsed since the health state of interest may be introduced during recall. Few studies have measured agreement between patients’ recalled and actual preintervention function on validated orthopaedic patient-rated outcome measures2-4. Furthermore, these studies have not evaluated recall bias as a function of time. The existing studies that have attempted to measure recall accuracy at a single time point after intervention demonstrate varying levels of agreement between what the patient recorded at the time of initial assessment and what the patient remembers2,3,5-7. There is also limited evidence on factors that may contribute to the reliability of patient recall6. Without this knowledge, the validity of clinical research based upon post hoc patient recall of their preintervention state of function remains uncertain. The QuickDASH questionnaire, a shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome measure, is a validated, standardized questionnaire that is a responsive and reliable assessment of patients’ upper extremity disability8-12. The eleven-question set is a subset of the DASH, one of the most commonly utilized patient-rated outcome measures in recent hand surgical series13. This study was designed to determine if patients could accurately recall prior self-rated function (QuickDASH scores) between three months and twenty-four months after their initial office visits (IOVs). We hypothesized that patient recall accuracy would decrease with increasing time since the IOV. Our null hypothesis was that there would be no effect of recall duration (time from the IOV) on the patient’s accuracy in recalling their preintervention functional state. Second, we sought to test the null hypothesis that patient factors would not affect patient recall accuracy. We expected that recall bias would exist, with recall error being positively correlated with current health such that patients with better current function would underestimate past impairment.
Future and new developments in musculoskeletal ultrasound.

Significant advances in gray-scale and color flow ultrasound imaging have resulted in an expanded role of ultrasound in the evaluation of musculoskeletal pathology. 3,9,12 High-resolution imaging afforded by the current generation of high-frequency linear transducers has been shown to produce exquisite gray-scale images of tendons, muscles, nerves, and so forth. 3,9 Likewise, improvements in color flow sensitivity allow the demonstration of alterations in blood flow associated with a variety of inflammatory, neoplastic, and posttraumatic states. 12 These improvements along with economic factors and availability have resulted in renewed interest in using ultrasound as a diagnostic tool. As such, the efficacy of ultrasound has been compared with other modalities, in particular MR imaging, as a cost-effective imaging alternative. This article does not illustrate the level of high-resolution ultrasound imaging attainable, but rather expands upon some new developments in ultrasound imaging, and also postulates new potential applications that further impact on the musculoskeletal system. This discussion falls into two general categories: (1) those developments that relate directly to imaging (i.e., three-dimensional imaging); and (2) those developments in which new information of a functional nature may be derived. In the latter case, quantitative analysis of the gray-scale color flow or radio frequency data may provide new information unique to ultrasound. The importance of such developments is to help recognize the full potential of ultrasound imaging in the musculoskeletal system, and so to better define its role with respect to clinical diagnosis and management.
Movement patterns in the young child

(1964). Movement patterns in the young child. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 3, Physical Education as Human Development, pp. 86-90.
Enrollment management strategies in the professional pharmacy program: A focus on progression and retention

Abstract Objective Academic programs strive to optimize retention while maintaining a high-quality curriculum. The purpose of this study was to investigate enrollment management strategies of professional pharmacy programs in the context of academic progression and retention. Methods Participants from fully accredited pharmacy programs were asked to complete a survey and submit any program documents describing (a) progression plans, (b) remediation strategies, (c) policies related to academic performance, and (d) description of milestone or progression exams. Documents were reviewed for similar or unique policies and/or strategies related to progression and retention. Results The most common strategies for enrollment management that were identified through the survey included cognitive screening tools (96%), pre-program (91%) and in-program (96%) preventative resources for non-academic problems (91%), course repeat (96%), and faculty development for effective teaching/assessment strategies (91%). The least common strategies were pre-tests for ability placement in coursework (20%) and mastery learning (36%). Review of the supplement documents revealed that enrollment management strategies of professional pharmacy programs varied across admissions, in-program screening, remediation, curricular review, retention, and attrition. Conclusions Our study provides foundational information for schools and colleges to develop or revise their current enrollment management strategies as related to progression and retention. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness or outcomes of enrollment management plans to better serve the student, the program, and the profession.
Spatial variation of seismic b-values beneath Makushin Volcano, Unalaska Island, Alaska

Abstract The frequency–magnitude distribution was spatially mapped beneath Makushin Volcano, Unalaska Island, Alaska using an earthquake catalog of 491 events that occurred between July 2001 and April 2005. An area of high seismic b -values (∼ 2.0) is found ∼ 4 km east of Makushin's main vent at a depth between 4 and 7 km. The anomaly is statistically significant based on Utsu's p -test [T. Utsu, On seismicity, in Report of the Joint Research Institute for Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo (1992) 139–157], and is not data processing method or parameter dependent. Interestingly, a recent InSAR interferometric study [Z. Lu, J.A. Power, V.S. McConnell, C. Wicks Jr., D. Dzurism, Preeruptive inflation and surface interferometric coherence characteristics by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin volcano, Alaska: 1993–2000, J. Geophys. Res. 107 (2002) 2266, doi:10.1029/2001JB000970] inferred a surface uplift of about 7 cm during the two-year period prior to October 1995, centered approximately in the area with the observed anomalous b -values. The uplift was caused by the volume increase of an inferred magma chamber at a depth of about 7 km. The close correspondence of the seismic and InSAR observations suggests that the heterogeneous area associated with the observed high b -values is most likely the result of increased crack density associated with the magma chamber. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining InSAR and seismological observations in locating magma chambers and areas of high heterogeneity in the crust.
Review of Packet Switching Technologies for Future NoC

Recent technological developments have shown huge advances in semi-conductor based System on Chip (SoC). However, limitations of such technology has quickly become an obstacle for the fast and highly demanding development of general or application specific SoCs. Since research in semi-conductor devices has reached its saturation, researchers look for alternative solutions. Optical technology is emerging as the leader due to its very high bandwidth capabilities (the main constraint of semi-conductor technology). In this paper, we analyze the most recent developments for optical Network on Chip (NoC) as a basic architecture for SoC. Packet switching remains most popular due to scalability and reliability issues, as well as due to variety of applications it is designed for. While optical switching technologies promise high speed interconnection, buffering technologies havenpsilat matured enough to support fully optical packet switching NoCs. What is the current state and what are the expectations from the optical/photonics technologies? The paper tries to study these issues and provide an answer.
Evaluation of Neurosyphilis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals

The diagnosis of neurosyphilis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains problematic. We examined the use of the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) index and quantitative tests of CSF by means of microhemagglutination-T. pallidum for diagnosis of neurosyphilis in 58 HIV-infected persons with latent syphilis who had not recently received therapy for syphilis. Five patients (9%) had reactive CSF VDRL tests and thus had proven neurosyphilis. For 13 patients (22%), CSF findings were normal and revealed no evidence of neurosyphilis. For 40 patients (69%), abnormal CSF findings were characteristic of neurosyphilis, but their CSF VDRL tests were nonreactive. Twenty-five of the 40 patients with possible neurosyphilis had pleocytosis and elevated CSF levels of protein and/or IgG. Five (12.5%) of these 40 patients had positive TPHA indices that indicated intrathecal antitreponemal antibody production, a finding that provided greater support for the diagnosis of active neurosyphilis. With use of the TPHA index, patients with CSF abnormalities can be better classified in regard to their need for therapy for neurosyphilis.
Cystic fibrosis in an era of genomically guided therapy

Although affecting only 4-5% of those with cystic fibrosis (CF), the G551D-CFTR mutation is the target of the recently approved 'orphan drug', ivacaftor. The promise of such genomically guided therapies heralds a new era in the management of CF. A phase 3 trial demonstrated significant improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) from baseline, average weight gain, concentration in sweat chloride and reductions in pulmonary exacerbations [Ramsey, B.W., et al. A CFTR potentiator in patients with CF and the G551D mutation. N. Engl. J. Med., 2011. 365: 1663-1672.)]. Ivacaftor is among a group of recently approved, novel, mutation guided 'orphan drug' therapies that have established clinical benefits within their respective disease categories. They do not, however, offer a cure. Pharmaceutical and biotech companies have leveraged the incentivized benefits of the Orphan Drug Act to develop more of these drugs for orphan disorders affecting populations of <200 000 patients. With marked clinical efficacy via DNA sequence guidance, these drugs have also set a precedent in terms of the substantial annual costs and if this trend continues, such expenditures may become unsustainable. This paper explores the genomic pathophysiology of CF and how therapies such as ivacaftor provide benefit to those with the disease but at a considerably elevated price point.
The State of the Story in Personality Psychology

Personality psychologists have been studying narratives for decades. Their work offers significant insights into the meaning of the stories people tell. This article highlights some historical antecedents as well as the latest research findings from the growing area of personality psychology that focuses on narrative approaches. First, narrative research in personality shows that imaginative stories reveal enduring implicit motivations linked to affect, thought, and behavior. Second, autobiographical stories play a significant role in self-development and personal identity formation. The narration of one’s story is a process influenced over the life span by age-related capacities and various psychological needs that occur in social and cultural contexts.
Remediating hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,2,5-trazine-contaminated water and soil by fenton oxidation

Soils surrounding the former Nebraska Ordnance Plant (NOP) and other military installations are highly contaminated with hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Because RDX is mobile in soil and recalcitrant at high concentrations, soil remediation is needed to reduce environmental hazards. Conventional treatment by incineration is costly and often creates strong public opposition. We propose an alternative treatment using the Fenton reagent (Fe2 + H2O2) to remediate RDX-contaminated water and soil. Treating an aqueous solution of RDX with the Fenton reagent resulted in complete RDX destruction within 24 h. Ultraviolet irradiation in combination with Fenton reagent enhanced both RDX transformation and mineralization. Mass balance experiments with 14C-RDX indicated that, within 12 h of Fenton oxidation, 76% of the initial 14C activity was lost from solution, the majority of which (68%) was recovered as 14CO2. Additional products resulting from Fenton oxidation of RDX included NH+4, NO−3, and formic acid; we also present evidence that methylene dinitramine is formed. The U.S. EPA remediation goal (5.8 mg RDX/kg) for the NOP site was achieved when the Fenton reagent was added incrementally to RDX-contaminated soil slurries at elevated temperature (45°C). These results support the use of the Fenton reaction for remediating RDX-contaminated water and soil.
Learning bias and phonological-rule induction

A fundamental debate in the machine learning of language has been the role of prior knowledge in the learning process. Purely nativist approaches, such as the Principles and Parameters model, build parameterized linguistic generalizations directly into the learning system. Purely empirical approaches use a general, domain-independent learning rule (Error Back-Propagation, Instance-based Generalization, Minimum Description Length) to learn linguistic generalizations directly from the data.In this paper we suggest that an alternative to the purely nativist or purely empiricist learning paradigms is to represent the prior knowledge of language as a set of abstract learning biases, which guide an empirical inductive learning algorithm. We test our idea by examining the machine learning of simple Sound Pattern of English (SPE)-style phonological rules. We represent phonological rules as finite-state transducers that accept underlying forms as input and generate surface forms as output. We show that OSTIA, a general-purpose transducer induction algorithm, was incapable of learning simple phonological rules like flapping. We then augmented OSTIA with three kinds of learning biases that are specific to natural language phonology, and that are assumed explicitly or implicitly by every theory of phonology: faithfulness (underlying segments tend to be realized similarly on the surface), community (similar segments behave similarly), and context (phonological rules need access to variable in their context). These biases are so fundamental to generative phonology that they are left implicit in many theories. But explicitly modifying the OSTIA algorithm with these biases allowed it to learn more compact, accurate, and general transducers, and our implementation successfully learns a number of rules from English and German. Furthermore, we show that some of the remaining errors in our augmented model are due to implicit biases in the traditional SPE-style rewrite system that are not similarly represented in the transducer formalism, suggesting that while transducers may be formally equivalent to SPE-style rules, they may not have identical evaluation procedures.Because our biases were applied to the learning of very simple SPE-style rules, and to a non-psychologically-motivated and nonprobabilistic theory of purely deterministic transducers, we do not expect that our model as implemented has any practical use as a phonological learning device, nor is it intended as a cognitive model of human learning. Indeed, because of the noise and nondeterminism inherent to linguistic data, we feel strongly that stochastic algorithms for language induction are much more likely to be a fruitful research direction. Our model is rather intended to suggest the kind of biases that may be added to other empiricist induction models, and the way in which they may be added, in order to build a cognitively and computationally plausible learning model for phonological rules.
Pharmacological treatment of lipid disorders in diabetes: pharmacological treatment of lipid disorders

Summary Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) experience myocardial infarction to the extent that the disease has been classified as a coronary artery disease (CAD) equivalent. This risk is related in part to lipid abnormalities, some of which can be corrected by a change in lifestyle, whereas others require drug therapy. To correct high levels of triglycerides, fibrates are often used. These agents reduce very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and can increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Niacin is also used to treat elevated triglycerides and raise HDL-C, although some adjustment in hypoglycaemic therapy may be required. The statins can be used for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with modest improvement in triglyceride and HDL-C levels. Statin therapy has proven effective in preventing vascular events in the patients with diabetes included in large trials. However, combination therapy may be required to successfully treat the combined elevations of LDL and triglycerides found in many patients with T2DM. Some patients may be at more risk of myopathy or liver dysfunction with combination therapy, and this requires monitoring for adequate safety.
On the kinetics and mechanism of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on a highly active iron catalyst supported on silica-stabilized alumina

Abstract The kinetics of a supported iron Fischer–Tropsch (FT) catalysts were investigated and a physically meaningful model that fits the data very well is proposed. Kinetic data (reported herein) were obtained at 250 °C and 20 atm in a fixed bed reactor at a variety of P H 2 and P CO. Measured P H 2 and P CO power law dependencies were found to be in the same range as those for unsupported Fe FT catalysts previously reported. The kinetic models in this study were tested using a statistical lack-of-fit test. Eight, two-parameter Langmuir–Hinshelwood rate expressions based on various mechanistic routes and assumptions were derived and tested, but all gave relatively poor fits to the data. An adjustment of the P H 2 dependency of the derived expressions to the 0.875 power resulted in three reasonable semi-empirical models, one of which fit the data extremely well. This approach also allowed us to determine the best function of P CO dependency. The results suggest that supported Fe FT catalysts follow a direct CO dissociation pathway, that carbon is one of the most abundant species on the surface of the catalyst, and that the hydrogenation of either C* or CH* is the rate-determining step.
Hippocampal Contributions to the Large-Scale Episodic Memory Network Predict Vivid Visual Memories

A common approach in memory research is to isolate the function(s) of individual brain regions, such as the hippocampus, without addressing how those regions interact with the larger network. To investigate the properties of the hippocampus embedded within large-scale networks, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory to characterize complex hippocampal interactions during the active retrieval of vivid versus dim visual memories. The study yielded 4 main findings. First, the right hippocampus displayed greater communication efficiency with the network (shorter path length) and became a more convergent structure for information integration (higher centrality measures) for vivid than dim memories. Second, vivid minus dim differences in our graph theory measures of interest were greater in magnitude for the right hippocampus than for any other region in the 90-region network. Moreover, the right hippocampus significantly reorganized its set of direct connections from dim to vivid memory retrieval. Finally, beyond the hippocampus, communication throughout the whole-brain network was more efficient (shorter global path length) for vivid than dim memories. In sum, our findings illustrate how multivariate network analyses can be used to investigate the roles of specific regions within the large-scale network, while also accounting for global network changes.
Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Properties of Elastomers. Relaxation Distributions

Abstract By the use of reduced variables, the temperature dependence and frequency dependence of dynamic mechanical properties of rubberlike materials can be interrelated without any arbitrary assumptions about the functional form of either The definitions of the reduced variables are based on some simple assumptions regarding the nature of relaxation processes. The real part of the reduced dynamic rigidity, plotted against the reduced frequency, gives a single composite curve for data over wide ranges of frequency and temperature; this is true also for the imaginary part of the rigidity or the dynamic viscosity. The real and imaginary parts of the rigidity, although independent measurements, are interrelated through the distribution function of relaxation times, and this relation provides a check on experimental results. First and second approximation methods of calculating the distribution function from dynamic data are given. The use of the distribution function to predict various types of time-depende...
A Novel Method to Reduce Inspection Process Cycle Time While Using a Coordinate Measurement Machine

A touch-based probe of a coordinate measurement machine (CMM) is generally used to validate the dimensions of the artifacts and associated features which come out of the manufacturing line against its dimensions to ensure to be within prescribed GD&T [Wilson 14] limits. Although there could be other applications using a CMM like reverse engineering, however the stated inspection process is quite crucial for maintaining quality factor and to regulate merits of the manufacturing process especially with the continuous wear-tear of the involved tooling. However this inspection process, which is considered as auxiliary process, needs to have minimum cycle time in order to effectively have more quality units to be produced.In this paper we describe Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) in order to complete Computer Aided Inspection (CAI) process using CMM on the work-piece which is created through Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Manufacturing (CAM). This leads to Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) process. As a result, the features, which need to be inspected, could be recognized from its corresponding CAD file and appropriate information could be culled out by the Dassault Software System to calculate the approach and retract points to inspect the features [Choudhury 03].The main objective of this research paper is to determine the shortest collision free trajectory from the retract point of one feature being inspected to the approach point of another feature being inspected so that the sequencing for the set of trajectories could be calculated through existing Traveling Sales Person (TSP) algorithm in order to shorten the total distance travelled by the CMM probe, which in turn would linearly reflect in reducing the cycle inspection time. Further since different features in the work-piece might need to be inspected by different probes, an overhead time and displacement for probe change, needs to consider in order to shorten the cycle time. These include clustering of similar type of features, which can be inspected by the same probe. Also clustering of similar type of features need to be assessed against spatial distance of separation between the clusters that the probe has to travel. Since the CMM travels at a constant low speed and the different probes are of similar shape, size and comparatively very small weight, the motion dynamics of the CMM does not influence the total distance travelled for the inspection process.Our main contribution is in the development of a spatial algorithm which not only reduces the inter-feature distance but also does that by avoiding the potential for any collision with the feature or the artifact without the use of any computer vision or collision avoidance sensor information. The resulting spatial algorithm has implicit embedded information of feature clustering, which when fed into an optimization algorithm generates a path planning which would eventually shorten the cycle time. The illustration is done with two separate simulations.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
KAI1/CD82 induces cellular morphological change through mTOR-mediated rac1 down-regulation

C23 The KAI1/CD82 gene suppresses metastasis in many types of human cancers. Although various ideas have been put forward to explain the mechanism by which KAI1/CD82 suppresses cancer invasiveness and metastasis, none of them is fully acceptable yet. We conducted a study on whether the KAI1/CD82 expression could change metastatic phenotype on highly metastatic carcinoma cell lines. The H1299 human lung carcinoma cells were transfected with KAI1/CD82 gene and stable transfectant clones that had a high KAI1/CD82 expression were obtained. Immunoblotting and FACS analysis were performed to confirm KAI1/CD82 expression. KAI1/CD82 transfectants show less metastatic phenotype than control transfectants and KAI1/CD82 transfectants show decreased Rac1 protein and functional activity, which suggested that KAI1/CD82 suppresses the metastatic phenotype via down-regulation of Rac1 in the human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines. We further studied the signal transduction pathway to find the mechanism of rac1 down-regulation. As seen by immunoblotting assay, mTOR expression and activation were down-regulated in the KAI1/CD82 transfectants. These results demonsrated a novel pathway in which KAI1/CD82 attenuates metastatic phenotype through mTOR-mediated rac1 down-regulation in the H1299 lung carcinoma cells.
Prioritizing conservation for the reduction of Gulf hypoxia using an environmental performance index

Abstract The annual growth of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico is largely attributed to agricultural nutrient loadings that originate from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). To effectively target conservation efforts throughout the entire MARB in order to reduce Gulf hypoxia, strategies to rank areas according to their impact on both agricultural production and ecosystem services are extremely important. In this paper, we utilize an Environmental Performance Index (EPI) to rank regions within the MARB according to their environmental performance, that is, their ability to produce agricultural outputs while minimizing nutrient loadings to the Gulf of Mexico. We compare our index rankings to previously used rankings of delivered yields alone and find the spatial distribution of rankings changes considerably when accounting for agricultural productivity. For example, the Corn Belt regions of central Iowa and northern Illinois no longer make up the lowest performing regions of the MARB after accounting for their high levels of agricultural production. Instead, regions along the Missouri river including central Missouri, western Iowa, and southeastern South Dakota as well as areas near the Ohio river including southern Illinois, western Kentucky, and southern Ohio now count among the lowest performing regions using the EPI ranking scheme. We suggest that incorporation of economic production value into large-scale prioritization of agricultural conservation within the MARB is essential to effectively reduce Gulf hypoxia while maintaining food security from efficient farm production.
Gambling and the Global Economy: Still a Good Bet?

The current global economic downturn highlights government's need to find new and innovative sources of revenue. One of the most widespread trends to emerge from this maelstorm has been the proliferation of gambling activity. Developed and developing economies alike have become increasingly reliant on gambling as a economic development strategy. Several important lessons can be gleaned from an evaluation of how gambling policy has been shaped during the current fiscal crisis. Regional governance arrangements (EU), the demise of colonialism (Macau) and federalism (United States) illustrate the diverse and pervasive effect governmental structure has on determining the success of gambling activity. This paper employs a comparative case study method to evaluate the globalization of gambling activity. The paper concludes with a series of policy proposals than can be generalized to the majority of jurisdictions contemplating the legalization or expansion of gambling activity.
Effects of increased scattered light on visual performance

When the amount of scattered light in the eye is large, either as a result of changes in the structure of the eye or the presence of intense sources of light, this results in significant impairment of vision, sometimes described as visibility glare (Vos, 1984).
Broadsides: Caricature and the navy, 1756-1815

Academics sometimes mistakenly ignore the publications that accompany museum exhibitions. Museums publish them for various reasons, not all of which are academic. This short and richly illustrated ...
Estimating high-dimensional covariance matrices with misses for Kronecker product expansion models

We study the problem of high-dimensional covariance matrix estimation from partial observations. We consider covariance matrices modeled as Kronecker products of matrix factors, and rely on observations with missing values. In the absence of missing data, observation vectors are assumed to be i.i.d multivariate Gaussian. In particular, we propose a new procedure computationally affordable in high dimension to extend an existing permuted rank-penalized least-squares method to the case of missing data. Our approach is applicable to a large variety of missing data mechanisms, whether the process generating missing values is random or not, and does not require imputation techniques. We introduce a novel unbiased estimator and characterize its convergence rate to the true covariance matrix measured by the spectral norm of a permutation operator. We establish a tight outer bound on the square error of our estimate, and elucidate consequences of missing values on the estimation performance. Different schemes are compared by numerical simulations in order to test our proposed estimator.
Bias Introduced by Rounding in Multiple Imputation for Ordered Categorical Variables

ABSTRACTMultivariate normality is frequently assumed when multiple imputation is applied for missing data. When data are ordered categorical, imputing missing data using the fully normal imputation results in implausible values falling outside of the categorical values. Naive rounding has been suggested to round the imputed values to their categorical neighbors for further analysis. Previous studies showed that, for binary data, the rounded values can result in biased mean estimation when the population distribution is asymmetric. However, it has been conjectured that as the number of categories increases, the bias will decrease. To investigate this conjecture, the present study derives the formulas for the biases of the mean and standard deviation for ordered categorical variables with naive rounding. Results show that both the biases of the mean and standard deviation decrease as the number of categories increases from 3 to 9. This study also finds that although symmetric population distributions lead t...
Multimodal Responses of Self‐Organized Circuitry in Electronically Phase Separated Materials

When confining an electronically phase we separated manganite film to the scale of its coexisting self-organized metallic and these insulating domains allows resistor-capacitor circuit-like responses while providing both electroresistive and magnetoresistive switching functionality.
Abstract 4137: Loss of LKB1 mediates an immune inert phenotype in human lung adenocarcinoma

Background: We recently have reported that co-mutations within KRAS-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) define a distinct biological phenotype and may offer insights into therapeutic targeting using this classification system. The analysis revealed striking differences in checkpoint ligand expression and T cell infiltration between TP53 and STK11 (LKB1) co-mutated KRAS LUAD. We, therefore, hypothesized that loss of LKB1promotes an immune-suppressed phenotype in KRAS LUAD. To test this, we analyzed 100 immune-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, as well as three other sets of resected tumors from NSLC patients from MD Anderson Cancer Center. Results: Our results revealed that tumors lacking LKB1 (LKB1-loss), as defined by mutation or gene-expression signature, resulted in a down regulation of: tumor associated immunosuppressive ligands, PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-H4, HVEM; T cell associated immunosuppressive ligands PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA; co-stimulation ligands such as CD80, -86, -40L, and -40. We further examined if this loss of immunosuppression and co-stimulation resulted in changes in markers of T cell phenotypes. Indeed, tumors lacking LKB1-loss tumors demonstrated a distinct lack absence of several T cell markers including CD3, -4, & -8, but also RORC, T-bet, GATA-3, and FoxP3. To determine if myeloid cell populations, known mediators of immune suppression, were also diminished in LKB1-loss tumors, we analyzed expression of CD11c, -103, -11b, -68, and CD33. Consistent with T cell makers and suppressive ligand markers, myeloid markers were down regulated in LKB1-loss tumors. Because common immune suppression markers were lost, we then examined the expression of antigen presentation (HLA-I, HLA-II) and amino acid transporters as possible alternative methods for immune suppression. In LKB1-loss tumors, both HLA-I and HLA-II markers were down regulated, compared to tumors with intact LKB1 expression. Furthermore, genes associated with the antigen presentation complex, LMP2, TAP1&2, and B2M were also down regulated. In contrast to the immune markers described above, cationic transporters (SLC7A2), anionic transporters (SLC7A11), and neutral transporters (SLC3A2) were universally upregulated in LKB1-loss tumors. Conclusions: LKB1 loss is associated with an inert immune phenotype. Our data suggests that reduced antigen presentation and amino acid depletion, but not checkpoint factors or MDSCs, are likely mediator of this phenotype. Citation Format: Warren L. Denning, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Li Shen, Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, Lixia Diao, Yanyan Lou, Lauren A. Byers, Jing Wang, Jaime R. Canales, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John Weinstein, Don L. Gibbons, John V. Heymach. Loss of LKB1 mediates an immune inert phenotype in human lung adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4137.