cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the triplet states of HOCl and HClO

Abstract Post Hartree-Fock calculations are used to investigate the lowest triplet states of HOCl and HClO. The 3A″ state of HOCl was found to be 48 kcal mol above the 1A' ground state. The 3A″ state of HClO could not be located using the 6-31G(d) basis set.
Role of gene T in phage λ tail assembly

We have studied the phenotype of a heat-sensitive mutation that defines lambda tail gene T. Induction and growth at the nonpermissive temperature of a lambda Tts40 prophage results in production of morphologically normal but biologically inactive tails, which can be activated in vitro by lysates supplying the products of genes T, U, and Z. Thus, gene T acts between genes V and U in the tail assembly pathway or immediately after the completion of tail shaft polymerization. lambda Tts40 lysates also contain a substantial number of morphologically normal phage particles which are deficient in cleavage of the minor tail protein gpH. This result is consistent with the fact that gpH cleavage normally occurs later in the assembly pathway than the time found for gene T action. Purified lambda Tts40 virions that were produced at the permissive temperature are normal with respect to gpH cleavage. However, they are more sensitive to heat inactivation than are wild-type virions, suggesting that the T gene product is in the virion. At the permissive temperature, the mutant protein made by lambda Tts40 is active in vivo even if it has been synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature.
Professor–Student Rapport Scale Predicts Student Outcomes

Rapport traditionally has been measured in therapy or in other one-on-one relationships such as with roommates. As yet, no scale is available to measure professor–student rapport. In this study, 51 undergraduates created items to measure professor–student rapport, and subsequently, 195 different college students rated their agreement with items based on their professor. Factor analysis revealed 1 meaningful component of professor–student rapport represented by 34 items. Rapport correlated with professor immediacy, providing convergent validity. Hierarchical linear regression with immediacy entered first and rapport entered second revealed significant improvement in prediction of student attitudes toward the instructor and the course as well as student motivation, perceptions of learning, and self-reported grades. Thus, we propose that professor–student rapport as measured by the current scale serves as a useful predictor of valuable student outcomes.
Terahertz Pioneer: Tatsuo Itoh “Transmission Lines and Antennas: Left and Right”

Professor Tatsuo Itoh acquired his professional work ethic at a young age. Waking up well before dawn to help with deliveries in his father’s milk business, spending the day in classes, the evening doing tutoring, and much of the time between twilight and dawn on his schoolwork, Itoh had little time for any self-indulgence. One of three boys growing up in the Yokosuka Naval district, south of Yokohama, Japan, immediately following World War II, Tatsuo remembers playing with handmade toys, especially wooden trains and paper objects he fashioned himself. His parents had graduated from teachers’ colleges and had been school teachers before the war, but his father had a difficult time getting steady work in the reconstruction years. They both had strong commitments to learning and they sent Tatsuo to a Jesuit high school with the best reputation for quality teaching in the district. Eiko Gakuen still exists today and is ranked in the top 10 of 4000 high schools in Japan.
Isotope effects for the direct dissociative chemisorption of methane and ethane on Ir(110) and vibrationally assisted chemisorption

We have investigated the direct dissociative chemisorption of methane and ethane and their fully deuterated isotopes on the Ir(110) surface using supersonic molecular beams. There is a substantial kinetic isotope effect over a wide range of translational energies. The translational energy threshold for an observable (> 0.01) probability of chemisorption varies between 6 and 11 kcalmol for the four molecules. We have also investigated the effect of vibrational energy on dissociative chemisorption by using vibrationally hot molecular beams. The results show that there is substantial vibrational assistance for CD4 and C2D6 (∼ 5%), but no measurable effect for CH4 and C2H6 (< 2%). These results are most consistent with attributing the enhanced chemisorption probability to the asymmetric CD and CH stretching modes. Consistent with this interpretation, we observe a lowering of the translational energy threshold for the chemisorption of the vibrationally hot beams by approximately 4 kcalmol.
Dynamics of flare-driven chromospheric condensations

A general model of chromospheric condensation dynamics is developed under the assumption of sudden impulsive-phase flare energy release. The basic equation of motion for the downward-moving condensation is derived from the momentum equation and from general features seen in numerical simulations. This equation is solved for a number of different cases. The 'lifetime' of condensation and the time for the velocity to drop to half its peak value are computed. The peak downflow speed is examined as a function of the flare energy flux, and comparisons are made between downflow speeds predicted by both thick-target 'explosive evaporation' and evaporation driven conductively.
Eigenvalue and eigenfunction inequalities for the elastically supported membrane

The authors derive inequalities involving the first eigenvalue \(\lambda_1\) and eigenfunction \(u_1\) of the elastically supported membrane in \(\Bbb{R}^2\). Further, by an application of the variational characterization of \(\lambda_2-\lambda_1\), they determine a range of parameter values for which the ratio \(\lambda_2 \lambda_1\) is not greater than three independent of the shape of the domain.
Preservice Teacher Research: Enhancing the Preparation of Teachers?

(1996). Preservice Teacher Research: Enhancing the Preparation of Teachers? Teaching Education: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 123-132.
New Insights Into Selectivity of Potassium Channels Using Small Cation Blockers

KcsA channel pores are blocked by intracellular Na+ and Li+ ions. We are investigating Na+/Li+ binding locations using electrophysiology, X-ray crystallography, and molecular dynamics simulations. We found that intracellular Li+ blocks KcsA channels with low, voltage-dependent affinity and competes with K+ for the blocking site. Its movement to the blocking site is not coupled with movement of permeant ions in the field. In contrast, Na+ blocks with less affinity and larger voltage dependence. We proposed that both small cations block in the hydrated vestibule with Na+ binding deeper in the pore at a site requiring partial dehydration while Li+ resides lower, remaining fully hydrated. Molecular dynamics calculations indicated low affinity binding for Na+/Li+ in the cavity but also predicted a high affinity binding-site in the S4 site, not “in-cage” where K+ ions bind but “in-plane” coordinated by Thr75 carbonyl oxygens. In search for all potential Li+ binding-sites we crystallized KcsA in the presence of Li+. Consistent with the MD results, we found three potential binding sites, one of which is in the S4 site of the selectivity filter in the plane of the Thr75 carbonyls. This suggests that Li+ and Na+ may be favored to bind in the S4 site but that they need to overcome a large energy barrier to get there. MD simulations unveil such barriers through free energy calculations involving multiple ion mechanisms for the smaller ions. We are now investigating experimentally the existence of a high-affinity binding-site inside the selectivity filter for both Na+ and Li+.
The teratogenic response of mouse embryos to 5-bromodeoxyuridine.

Pregnant ICR mice were administered single intraperitoneal injections of 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg of the thymidine analogue 5-bromodeoxyuridine during the period of major organogenesis (days 7–11, Witschi stages 12–25). All dosages were teratogenic. The spectrum of malformations present on day 18 followed a definite stage-dependency. Exencephaly with associated micrognathia and open eyelid were produced only by treatment during the time the anterior neuropore is open (days 7 and 8) with a peak on day 7. Polydactyly was produced by treatment on days 7 through 10 with a peak on day 9; while cleft palate occurred after treatment on days 9 through 11 with a peak on day 10. Experiments with 3H-BUDR demonstrated that label appeared in the DNA of embryos and maternal liver at a time when the embryo is susceptible to the teratogenic action of BUDR.
Paramagnetic Rh(III) Complexes from Reactions of Phosphines with Hydride-Bridged and Nonbridged Rhodium Phthalocyanine Dimers: Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Induced by Phosphines

The paramagnetic rhodium phthalocyanine complex (RPc)(PMe3)2Rh (4) (RPc = dianion of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octa-n-pentylphthalocyanine) has been prepared by the reaction of trimethylphosphine (PMe3) with hydride-bridged and nonbridged rhodium phthalocyanine dimers. The reaction of the μ-hydrido complex (RPcH)Rh(μ-H)Rh(RPc) (5) (RPcH = RPc with one of its meso nitrogens protonated) with PMe3 at −10 °C produces (RPc)(PMe3)RhH (6), which further reacts with PMe3 to produce 4 and H2 at higher temperatures. If the solution of 6 is allowed to warm in the absence of free PMe3, H2 is also liberated and 6 is converted to an equal number of moles of 4 and [(RPc)Rh]2(PMe3) (7). In contrast, the reaction of 5 with pyridine (py) produces (RPc)(py)RhH (11), which does not react with additional pyridine. Alternatively, 4 is generated by the reaction of the Rh−Rh bonded dimer [(RPc)Rh]2 (1) with PMe3. In this reaction, the formation of 7 as an intermediate may be shown by the titration of 1 with PMe3. Complex 1 reacts wit...
Influence of solution ionic strength on the collision efficiency distribution and predicted transport distance of a Sphingomonas sp. flowing through porous media

The effects of solution ionic strength on the collision efficiency (alpha) distribution of a Sphingomonas sp. were investigated using multiple sand columns of varying lengths and analyzing the bacteria clean-bed breakthrough concentrations using a distributed colloid filtration theory (D-CFT). Five different probability density functions (PDFs) were investigated and all accurately replicated the lab-scale experimental data, whereas a single alpha value could not. The alpha distribution shifted toward smaller values with decreasing ionic strength and the PDF parameters were strongly correlated to the Debye length, indicating that electrostatic interactions had a direct impact on the alpha distribution. The results indicate that while ionic strength has a large impact on bacterial transport distances for a concentration reduction of a few orders of magnitude, as occurs at the laboratory scale, due to the distributed nature of the collision efficiency, it has a minor effect on predicted transport distances required to achieve concentration reductions on the order of 10(6), which occurs at the field scale. Because of this, bacterial inactivation (e.g., death), rather than physically removing the bacteria from solution via filtration, is likely the key process impacting the transport of viable bacteria at the field scale. Overall, for systems with a distributed alpha, the results indicate that ionic strength has a strong influence on the transport of bacteria at the lab-scale (centimeters to one meter), both ionic strength and bacterial inactivation are important at the meso-scale (tens of meters), and inactivation becomes the dominant mechanism for reducing the transport of viable bacteria at the field scale (hundreds of meters).
Low Renin Essential Hypertension: Failure to Demonstrate Excess 11-Deoxycorticosterone Production*

11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC) was determinedby specific RIA in 27 normal subjects and in 25 normal reninand 23 low renin hypertensives. None of the patients exhibitedunprovoked hypokalemia. Strict criteria were employed for reninprofiling the hypertensive patients, including age matching, exclusionof diabetics, and the use of medications known to interferewith the renin response or with DOC measurements. In all3 groups, comparable DOC levels were found in plasma andurine. In contrast, DOC was elevated in 7 of 19 patients withprimary aldosteronism. These results do not support a DOCexcess hypothesis for the syndrome of low renin essential hypertension.
Downstream effects of mine drainage on benthos and fish in a Norwegian river: a comparison of the situation before and after river rehabilitation

Abstract Parts of the Norwegian river Gaula are strongly polluted from former mining activity in the area. In the most polluted parts of the river the concentration levels of Cu and Zn in 1986–1987 were up to 155 μg 1−1 and 186 μg 1−1, respectively. In 1989 the spoil heaps in the mining area were covered with protective layers of moss-covered plastic. In 1991–1992 the concentration levels of Cu and Zn had decreased by 75% and 65%, respectively. Animal life in the polluted area seemed to be strongly affected by the trace metals in 1986–1987. The 1991–1992 results showed a marked increase in the number of species and in the number of individuals of each species of Ephemcroptera and Plecoptera, compared with the results from 1986–1987. Good correlations were found between the concentrations of Cu in the water and both the number of species and the number of individuals of Ephemcroptera and Plecoptera. Analysis of the species Baetis rhodani, Diura nanseni and Rhyacophila nubila showed an average total dry weight content of Cu up to 264 μg g−1, of Zn up to 1930 μg g−1 and of Cd up to 16 μg g−1. The contents of the three trace metals were significantly different from one species to another and in part between the stations for each species. In 1987 trout died after an exposure of one to two days on three test sites in the river, whereas in 1991–1992 40–75% of the trout survived an exposure period of several weeks at two of the sites. Electrofishing in 1991–1992 indicated recolonization of trout in the lower parts of the former affected and uninhabitable area.
(+)-13α-(4′-Hydroxytigloyloxy) lupanine from Ormosia krugii

Abstract A new quinolizidine alkaloid ester, (+)-13α-(4′-hydroxytigloyloxy) lupanine, was isolated from the seeds of Ormosia krugii and spectroscopicall
Optimal Feedback Controls of Linear Systems With Time Delay

This paper presents an application of semi-discretization method to stability analysis and optimal design of PID feedback controls of time invariant and periodic linear systems with time delay. The method develops a mapping of the system response in a finite dimensional state space, and produces the stability boundaries and performance contours in the parametric space of control gains. Optimal feedback gains that minimize the largest absolute value of the eigenvalues of the mapping have been studied for different cases where the performance contours are either closed or open.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Structure-based evaluation of non-nucleoside inhibitors with improved potency and solubility that target HIV reverse transcriptase variants.

The development of novel non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNRTIs) with activity against variants of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) is crucial for overcoming treatment failure. The NNRTIs bind in an allosteric pocket in RT ∼10 A away from the active site. Earlier analogues of the catechol diether compound series have picomolar activity against HIV strains with wild-type RT but lose potency against variants with single Y181C and double K103N/Y181C mutations. As guided by structure-based and computational studies, removal of the 5-Cl substitution of compound 1 on the catechol aryl ring system led to a new analogue compound 2 that maintains greater potency against Y181C and K103N/Y181C variants and better solubility (510 μg/mL). Crystal structures were determined for wild-type, Y181C, and K103N/Y181C RT in complex with both compounds 1 and 2 to understand the structural basis for these findings. Comparison of the structures reveals that the Y181C mutation destabilizes the binding mode of compound 1 and disrupts the interactions with residues in the pocket. Compound 2 maintains the same conformation in wild-type and mutant structures, in addition to several interactions with the NNRTI binding pocket. Comparison of the six crystal structures will assist in the understanding of compound binding modes and future optimization of the catechol diether series.
Amy's Chat Room: health promotion programmes for community dwelling elderly adults.

Clinical nurse specialists in community health nursing promote wellness and quality of life in elderly adults who live within the community. Major health concerns including inappropriate knowledge of chronic diseases, improper eating habits and inadequate nutrition, lack of exercise, and poor social relationships among elderly adults residing in a government-supported apartment complex in north-eastern Ohio were identified using Neuman's Systems Model. ‘Amy's Chat Room’, a series of health education programmes on disease prevention, including appropriate nutrition and exercise, was developed and implemented based on the PRECEDE–PROCEED programme-planning model. Evaluation of the programmes indicated positive results for the older adults that increased their knowledge and awareness of disease prevention and modifications in lifestyle, and were encouraged to promote supportive relationships. Implications for clinical nurse specialist roles within community health nursing were discussed.
Encircling endocardial incision interrupts efferent vagal-induced prolongation of endocardial and epicardial refractoriness in the dog

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that vagal efferent nerves travel in the left ventricular subendocardium in a base to apex direction. Efferent vagal stimulation during constant background isoproterenol infusion prolonged left ventricular endocardial and epicardial effective refractory periods in a control state and after a left ventriculotomy performed while dogs were supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. After a 2 mm deep endocardial circumferential incision, efferent vagal stimulation still prolonged the effective refractory period at an endocardial site basal to the encircling endocardial incision, but no longer prolonged the effective refractory period at the endocardium or immediately overlying epicardium apical to the incision. Interpretation of these data suggests that efferent vagal fibers travel in the superficial subendocardium of the canine left ventricle in a base to apex direction, penetrating upward to innervate the epicardium. Conceivably, a lesion such as a subendocardial myocardial infarction could selectively interrupt efferent vagal innervation, leaving sympathetic innervation unopposed. This may be a source of some arrhythmias.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of pH-sensitive PEG-PE conjugates for stimuli-sensitive pharmaceutical nanocarriers: the effect of substitutes at the hydrazone linkage on the ph stability of PEG-PE conjugates.

A set of aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde-derived hydrazone (HZ)-based acid-sensitive polyethylene glycol−phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG−PE) conjugates was synthesized and evaluated for their hydrolytic stability at neutral and slightly acidic pH values. The micelles formed by aliphatic aldehyde-based PEG−HZ−PE conjugates were found to be highly sensitive to mildly acidic pH and reasonably stable at physiologic pH, while those derived from aromatic aldehydes were highly stable at both pH values. The pH-sensitive PEG−PE conjugates with controlled pH sensitivity may find applications in biological stimuli-mediated drug targeting for building pharmaceutical nanocarriers capable of specific release of their cargo at certain pathological sites in the body (tumors, infarcts) or intracellular compartments (endosomes, cytoplasm) demonstrating decreased pH.
Fractionation sensitivity and immunological status in radiation treated murine sarcomas

The fractionation sensitivity of a strongly immunogenic murine fibrosarcoma (FSa1) was tested in highly immunosuppressed (18 Gy whole body irradiation, 10 fractions, 4 days and bone marrow salvage) and control mice (C3Hf/Sed). Radiation was delivered to extremity-transplanted tumors after reaching a volume of 250 mm3. Two, 4 and 10 fractions were used, delivering the radiation treatments to uniformly hypoxic tumors (by extremity clamping). Doses needed to attain a 10 day tumor-growth delay (TGD) over the volume range 250 mm3 to 1000 mm3, and doses necessary to reach a tumor-control probability of 50% (TCD50), were calculated for the three fractionation schedules. Immunosuppression influenced the TCD50 values profoundly: 56.2, 71.5, and 101.4 Gy in control mice versus 76.6, 104.2, and 141.1 Gy in immunosuppressed mice for 2, 4, and 10 fractions, respectively. The alpha/beta ratios estimated by reciprocal-dose analysis using the TGD and TCD50 assays were not significantly different, nor were the alpha/beta ratios of tumors grown in immunosuppressed mice (TGD 5.7 Gy; TCD50 5.3 Gy) as compared with tumors in control recipients (TGD 3.5 Gy; TCD50 4.9 Gy). In addition, direct analysis was used with the fractionated TCD50 data from control and immunosuppressed animals to calculate a immunity-related-cell-kill factor. For 250 mm3 tumors a 1.29 [0.99 . . . 1.59, 95% confidence interval] log10-kill factor was obtained.
Can WIMP spin dependent couplings explain DAMA data, in light of null results from other experiments?

We examine whether the annual modulation found by the DAMA dark matter experiment can be explained by Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), in light of new null results from other experiments. CDMS II has already ruled out most WIMP-nucleus spin-independent couplings as an explanation for DAMA data. Hence we here focus on spin-dependent (axial vector; SD) couplings of WIMPs to nuclei. We expand upon previous work by (i) considering the general case of coupling to both protons and neutrons and (ii) incorporating bounds from all existing experiments. We note the surprising fact that CMDS II places one of the strongest bounds on the WIMP-neutron cross section, and show that SD WIMP-neutron scattering alone is excluded. We also show that SD WIMP-proton scattering alone is allowed only for WIMP masses in the 5--13 GeV range. For the general case of coupling to both protons and neutrons, we find that, for WIMP masses above 13 GeV and below 5 GeV, there is no region of parameter space that is compatible with DAMA and all other experiments. In the range (5--13) GeV, we find acceptable regions of parameter space, including ones in which the WIMP-neutron coupling is comparable to the WIMP-proton coupling.
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Visualization of a Rupturing Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in Progress

Figure 1. Computed tomography (CT) scan showing a dilated descending aorta (“A”) with extravasation of contrast (arrow) and a circumferential hematoma (“H”). The exact point of the aortic rupture is not precisely delineated. with complaints of chest pain and a suspected descending thoracic aortic dissection. Upon arrival, the patient was without complaints, alert, and hemodynamically stable. The studies from the transferring hospital were nondiagnostic. A repeat CT scan showed a dilated descending aorta (Figure 1 “A”) with extravasation of contrast (Figure 1, arrow) and a circumferential hematoma (Figure 1 “H”).
Impact of bacteria on short‐term storage of salmonid eggs

Unfertilized eggs of steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), were stored at a low temperature (∼0°C) with antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin) for up to 22 days and fertility assessed. Unfertilized eggs of chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum 1792), were stored at a low temperature (∼0°C) either with or without antibiotics for up to 24 days and fertility assessed. There were no significant decreases in fertility under these conditions. Steelhead eggs were maintained at 4°C for up to 15 days with or without added bacteria and with or without gentamicin. Gentamicin inhibited bacterial growth during storage at 4°C and its use resulted in a less pronounced decline in fertility with storage. These results suggest that low temperatures and antibiotics play an important role in extending the period over which salmonid eggs can be successfully stored.
Iontophoretic transdermal permeation of verapamil (III): Effect of binding and concentration gradient on reversibility of skin permeation rate

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine if the prolonged reversibility time (i.e., time required for the skin permeation rate to return to that of passive diffusion after an iontophoresis treatment) of verapamil HCl was related to an increased concentration gradient across the skin and binding of the drug in the skin. The concentration gradient across the stratum comeum, determined by stripping the skin, was significantly greater after an iontophoresis treatment than that obtained under passive diffusion; furthermore, the concentration of drug in the viable skin was also significantly greater with iontophoresis. Verapamil was found to bind with both the stratum comeum and the viable skin. The increased concentration gradient and binding of drug in the skin could be responsible for a prolongation of the enhanced permeation rate observed after iontophoresis treatment.
Engagement in community music classes sparks neuroplasticity and language development in children from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Children from disadvantaged backgrounds often face impoverished auditory environments, such as greater exposure to ambient noise and fewer opportunities to participate in complex language interactions during development. These circumstances increase their risk for academic failure and dropout. Given the academic and neural benefits associated with musicianship, music training may be one method for providing auditory enrichment to children from disadvantaged backgrounds. We followed a group of disadvantaged primary-school students from gang reduction zones in Los Angeles, CA for two years as they participated in the Harmony Project. By providing free community music instruction for disadvantaged children, the Harmony Project promotes the healthy development of children as learners, the development of children as ambassadors of peace and understanding, and the development of stronger communities. Children who were more engaged in the music program—as defined by better attendance and classroom participation—developed stronger brain encoding of speech after two years than their less-engaged peers in the program. Additionally, children who were more engaged in the program showed increases in reading scores, while those less engaged did not show improvements. The neural gains accompanying music engagement were seen in the very measures of neural speech processing that are weaker in children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our results suggest that community music programs such as Harmony Project provide a form of auditory enrichment that counteracts some of the biological adversities of growing up in poverty, and can further support for community-based interventions aimed at improving child health and wellness.
Growth of Lattice-Matched ZnTeSe Alloys on (100) and (211)B GaSb

A key issue with the current HgCdTe/Si system is the high dislocation density due to the large mismatch between HgCdTe and Si. An alternative system that has superior lattice matching is HgCdSe/GaSb. A buffer layer to mitigate issues with direct nucleation of HgCdSe on GaSb is ZnTe1−xSex. We have performed preliminary studies into the growth of lattice-matched ZnTe1−xSex on both (100) and (211)B GaSb. The effects of substrate orientation, substrate temperature, and growth conditions on the morphology and crystallography of ZnTe0.99Se0.01 alloys were investigated. The lattice-matching condition yielded minimum root-mean-square (rms) roughness of 1.1 nm, x-ray rocking curve full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of ~29 arcsec, and density of nonradiative defects of mid-105 cm−2 as measured by imaging photoluminescence.
Smallest flattop focus by polarization engineering

Spatial engineering of polarization as a new method of beam shaping is analyzed by using scalar diffraction theory. For the one-dimensional case, it is shown that the smallest flattop far-field distribution can be obtained by adopting a linear polarization that changes direction as a linear function of location in the pupil plane. The resulting light field is functionally equivalent to a cosinusoidal function modulation of the wavefront but maintains high efficiency. This polarization beam shaping technique proves to be highly useful in applications where diffraction effects need to be taken into account. The extension of this technique to two-dimensional beam shaping is also demonstrated.
Probable Hodgkin's Disease in a Dog: Report of a Case

Hodgkin's disease is not infrequently seen in man, but there have been few reports of cases in which it has been found to affect animals. McFadyean in 1903 reported four cases of the disease in dogs and one in a hog, and Hodgson in the same year reported one case in a hog. From the descriptions of the condition in these cases it is probable that they were not true Hodgkin's disease but perhaps same variety of lymphoblastoma. MacMahon in 1934 reported the case of a dog which he considered had Hodgkin's disease. This animal had a large, firm nodular swelling of the right cervical lymph nodes. Necropsy did not reveal any additional pathologic changes. Histologically MacMahon considered the tumor to have the characteristics of Hodgkin's disease. Report of a Case A four-year-old male shepherd dog was brought to one of us (Schlotthauer) because of a gradual but progressive, symmetrical enlargement of the abdomen of one month's duration. There had been associated anorexia with severe nausea and vomiting for one week prior to examination. The dog was thought by his owner to have an intestinal obstruction and repeated enemas had been given, without apparent benefit.
Family history of cardiovascular disease, perceived cardiovascular disease risk, and health-related behavior: a review of the literature.

Background More than 82 million Americans have 1 or more forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), accounting for 32.8% of all deaths in the United States. Although the evidence for the familial aggregation of CVD is strong, the relationship between family history (FH) of CVD, perceived risk for CVD, and health-related behavior is poorly understood. Objective The objective of this article was to review and summarize the published research on the relationship between an FH of CVD, an individual's perceived risk, and health-related behavior to make recommendations for clinical practice and future research. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO to identify articles that examined the relationship between an FH of CVD, perceived CVD risk, and health-promoting behaviors. A total of 263 unique articles were reviewed. A total of 238 were excluded, resulting in a total of 25 articles included in the review. Results There was a positive relationship between a reported FH of CVD and perceived risk. However, the relationship between an FH of CVD and health-related behavior change and perceived risk and behavior change was inconsistent. Conclusions A person's awareness of his or her FH of CVD or his or her own risk for CVD is not a sufficient predictor of changes in his or her health-related behavior. Future studies are needed to better explain the processes by which perceived CVD risk or FH of CVD can be used to affect health-related behavior changes. It appears that both FH and perceived personal risk for CVD are necessary but not sufficient conditions to change health-related behavior in high-risk populations. Future studies should also test interventions that help individuals with an FH of CVD attribute increased personal risk to themselves for developing CVD, while providing lifestyle management options to minimize their risk.
Host defence mediates interspecific competition in ectoparasites

1. Interspecific competition influences which, how many and where species coexist in biological communities. Interactions between species in different trophic levels can mediate interspecific competition; e.g. predators are known to reduce competition between prey species by suppressing their population sizes. A parallel phenomenon may take place in host-parasite systems, with host defence mediating competition between parasite species. 2. We experimentally investigated the impact of host defence (preening) on competitive interactions between two species of feather-feeding lice: 'wing' lice Columbicola columbae and 'body' lice Campanulotes compar. Both species are host-specific parasites that co-occur on rock pigeons Columba livia. 3. We show that wing lice and body lice compete and that host defence mediates the magnitude of this competitive interaction. 4. Competition is asymmetrical; wing louse populations are negatively impacted by body lice, but not vice versa. This competitive asymmetry is consistent with the fact that body lice predominate in microhabitats on the host's body that offer the most food and the most space. 5. Our results indicate that host-defence-mediated competition can influence the structure of parasite communities and may play a part in the evolution of parasite diversity.
Simulation of turbine blade trailing edge cooling

The cause of overprediction of cooling efficiency by unsteady Reynolds averaged simulations of turbine blade trailing edge cooling flow is investigated. This is due to the deficiency in the level of unsteady coherent energy very near to the wall. Farther from the wall, the Reynolds averaged simulation produces the correct level of mixing. Eddy simulations of the instantaneous turbulent eddying produce a close agreement to data on film effectiveness. In particular, they reproduce the reduction in cooling effectiveness toward the trailing edge that has been seen in experiments. The scale adaptive simulation model of Menter and Egorov (2005, “A Scale-Adaptive Simulation Modeling Using Two-Equation Models ,” AIAA Paper No. 2005-1095) is invoked for the eddy simulations.
The microgeometry and transport properties of sedimentary rock.

Abstract This monograph describes recent progress in modelling the transport properties of sedimentary rock. Statistical descriptions are applied to the pore-space geometry and to the transport processes involving pore fluids. Fractals are used to quantify the pore geometry at length scales shorter than grain size. Percolation theory is applied to fluid flow. The permeability can be expressed in terms of a single effective pore diameter measured from mercury injection capillary pressure. This permeability relation is valid for essentially all porous rock and for a broad class of porous media. Mercury injection provides a powerful caliper of the geometry of a percolation cluster in a pore-space and supplies new information about pore space correlations and dynamics of fluid displacements. The statistical description of fluid transport in porous media has analogues in disordered electronic and magnetic materials. Future work may make substantial use of such analogues to solve more complex problems of direct...
Video Analysis of Siamang (Hylobates Syndactylus) Songs

This paper reports a study of the bioacoustics and locomotor behaviours of siamang (Hylobates syndactylus) during calling. Ten call bouts were videotaped and analysed in detail. The results suggest that the calls are complex duets produced sequentially, and that they are interactively organized by means of co-ordinating cues. The relationship between vocal and non-vocal behaviours, and the spacing of the duetting animals, are also organized in a regular fashion. The advantages and importance of videotaping over other methods in the micro-analysis of these calls are stressed.
Serum 5-nucleotidase in various gastrointestinal diseases: a preliminary study.

1. Serum 5-nucleotidase determinations were made in 30 normal persons and in 111 hospitalized patients with various diseases of the liver and alimentary tract. 2. Serum 5-nucleotidase levels were found to be normal in all cases of peptic ulcer and of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract without hepatobiliary or pancreatic complications. 3. Three cases of ulcerative colitis and four of acute pancreatitis showed elevations of the enzyme in the serum. 4. Serum 5-nucleotidase elevation was frequently associated with an increase in alpha-1-globulin fraction of serum.
Effect of carbon on cavity formation during the high-temperature oxidation of Ni

Ni containing 0.00002 to 0.003 wt.% carbon was oxidized in 1 atm O2 at 700 to 1270°C for 1 min to 20 hr. Cavity formation in the metal and oxide and at the oxide-metal interface was affected by the carbon content. Extensive cavitation developed at the grain boundaries of Ni containing as little as 0.0001 wt.% carbon but no cavitation occurred in decarburized Ni. Metal cavitation is dependent on the local concentration of carbon segregated at the Ni grain boundaries rather than on the overall carbon content. The cavities arise from hot deformation or creep of the metal substrate induced by the oxidation process. The cavities in the oxide formed on decarburized Ni remain near the oxide-metal interface; on Ni containing appreciable carbon the oxide cavities migrate outward by a dissociative mechanism assisted by the gaseous transfer of oxygen across the cavities with CO-CO2 acting as the carrier.
Comparison of live food organisms and prepared diets as first food for paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum), fry

. A feeding experiment was conducted in aquaria to evaluate growth, survival and food consumption by paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (Walbaum), fry fed live Daphnia pulex, brine shrimp nauplii, Artemia sp. (L.), from two different geographical sources, or one of three commercial dry diets. Fry were fed from first feeding (day 8 post-hatch) to day 17 post-hatch. All diets had similar percentages of crude protein and lipid. Fatty acid composition was similar in all diets except for Great Salt Lake brine shrimp nauplii which had a higher percentage of linolenic acid, 18:3 (n-3), and a lower percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5 (n-3). Paddlefish fed live food organisms were significantly (P 0·05) among treatments. Poorer growth and survival by fish fed prepared diets may have been due to limited digestibility of the dry diets by paddlefish.
Modulation of cartilage destruction by select nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Non-enzymatic factors produced by synovial tissue can potentially mediate cartilage destruction by inducing the synthesis and release of matrix-degrading proteinases from chondrocytes. Pharmacologic control of this process is of potential clinical relevance. The in vitro effect of therapeutic concentrations of select nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the synthesis and activity of catabolism-inducing cytokines produced by 6-day explant cultures of osteoarthritic and rheumatoid synovial tissue was studied. Piroxicam regularly suppressed such factor synthesis by both types of tissue without significantly affecting total protein synthesis. This did not occur using sodium salicylate or indomethacin in osteoarthritis tissue cultures and was observed only occasionally in rheumatoid arthritis cultures. None of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs studied consistently blocked catabolism-inducing activity in osteoarthritis tissue, whereas piroxicam more consistently inhibited activity produced by rheumatoid arthritis tissue. Results suggest that the catabolism-inducing factors produced by the 2 tissue sources may differ.
The Levels of Soluble versus Insoluble Brain Aβ Distinguish Alzheimer's Disease from Normal and Pathologic Aging

The abundance and solubility of Aβ peptides are critical determinants of amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, we compared levels of total soluble, insoluble, and total Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in AD brains with those in age-matched normal and pathologic aging brains using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Since the measurement of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 depends critically on the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies used in the sandwich ELISA, we first demonstrated that each assay is specific for Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42 and the levels of these peptides are not affected by the amyloid precursor protein in the brain extracts. Thus, this sandwich ELISA enabled us to show that the average levels of total cortical soluble and insoluble Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were highest in AD, lowest in normal aging, and intermediate in pathologic aging. Remarkably, the average levels of insoluble Aβ1-40 were increased 20-fold while the average levels of insoluble Aβ1-42 were increased only 2-fold in the AD brains compared to pathologic aging brains. Further, the soluble pools of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were the largest fractions of total Aβ in the normal brain (i.e., 50 and 23%, respectively), but they were the smallest in the AD brain (i.e., 2.7 and 0.7%, respectively) and intermediate (i.e., 8 and 0.8%, respectively) in pathologic aging brains. Thus, our data suggest that pathologic aging is a transition state between normal aging and AD. More importantly, our findings imply that a progressive shift of brain Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 from soluble to insoluble pools and a profound increase in the levels of insoluble Aβ1-40 plays mechanistic roles in the onset and/or progression of AD.
Variational calculations of muonic-molecule energy levels

We report the best variational energies obtained to date of the bound states of muonic molecules containing nucleons of unit charge, or isotopes of hydrogen. Hylleraas wave functions are used to describe the three-particle systems, and the convergence of the energies is carefully studied; as many as 440 terms have been included in some cases. These results are compared with the best previous values.
Construct validity of anterior segment anti-tremor and forceps surgical simulator training modules: attending versus resident surgeon performance.

Purpose To compare the performance of the anterior segment forceps and anti-tremor training modules of the EYESi surgical simulator (VRmagic) by residents and experienced attending surgeons using the simulator for the first time. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Methods Twelve residents (4 per year) in the Mayo Clinic ophthalmology residency program and 3 experienced anterior segment surgeons participated. Each participant completed a total of 20 task trials on the EYESi forceps and anti-tremor level 4 training modules. Thus, the 15 participants completed a total of 300 task trials. Results For the forceps module, experienced surgeons achieved significantly better total scores ( P = .03), with lower total task time ( P = .007) and instrument-in-eye time ( P = .006) measurements. For the anti-tremor module, experienced surgeons achieved significantly better total scores ( P = .02), with lower task time ( P = .04) and instrument-in-eye time ( P = .02) measurements. In addition, experienced surgeons performing the anti-tremor task had 76% more precise surgical outcomes as measured by the out-of-tolerance percentage ( P = .03). All forceps and anti-tremor-measured parameters indicated significantly lower performance ( P P = .05) and anti-tremor ( P = .03) training modules. Conclusion The EYESi surgical simulator anterior segment forceps and anti-tremor modules showed significant ( P
Design of a millimeter-wave dish-antenna based 3-D IIR radar digital velocity filter

The enhancement of radar signatures corresponding to an object traveling in a particular velocity is proposed. The method employs a parabolic dish and focal plane array (FPA) processor together with a network resonant multi-dimensional recursive digital velocity filter. An FPA-fed parabolic dish antenna creates multiple radio frequency (RF) beams. The RF beams can sense simulated moving objects that are illuminated using mm-wave (90 GHz) RF energy. A 3-D IIR digital velocity filter is applied on the simulated radar signals to enhance signatures that are moving at a direction of interest at a given speed while significantly suppressing undesired interfering signals traveling at other velocities and additive Gaussian noise. A dish of diameter 0.5 m and focal length of 30 cm with an FPA with 4096 antenna elements (64×64) arranged in a dense square array is simulated using an electromagnetic field simulator. The resulting electric field intensity profiles are processed to extract the signatures of interest. Simulation results show an average signal to interference improvement of 7 dB with single interference and 6 dB for multiple interference. Proposed method exhibits an average signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) improvement of 6 dB for input SINR of −15 dB. All results are simulation based. No fabrications have been attempted at this point.
Joint effects of smoking history and APOE genotypes in age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease of the central region of the retina (macula), which leads to impairment and ultimately loss of central vision, and therefore has a substantial impact on an individual’s quality of life. Since the incidence and prevalence of AMD increase strongly with age and life expectancy in developed countries has also been increasing, the prevalence of AMD is expected to rise sharply in the near future. AMD is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with a poorly understood etiology. Population-based longitudinal studies [1-3] have established that the presence of extracellular protein/lipid deposits (drusen) between the basal lamina of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and the inner layer of Bruch’s membrane is associated with an increased risk of progressing to an advanced form of AMD, either geographic atrophy or exudative disease. The presence of large and indistinct (soft) drusen is considered an early form of the disorder and is often referred to as age-related maculopathy (ARM). Epidemiologically, AMD is a complex disorder with contributions of environmental factors, lifestyle factors, and genetic susceptibility. The first identified AMD susceptibility allele is the Y402H variant in the complement factor H (CFH)
Stress-optical coefficient of cis-1,4-polybutadiene and cis-1,4-polyisoprene networks. Measurements on cis-1,4-polybutadiene networks and theoretical interpretation

Stress, strain, and birefringence measurements have been carried out on swollen and unswollen networks of ′cis-1,4-polybutadiene polymers. Neither stress-strain nor birefringence-strain relations of unswollen specimens obey the Gaussian network theory, but both can be fitted by the Mooney-Rivlin equation. On the contrary, data on specimens swollen in tetralin, decalin, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride strictly obey the Gaussian network theory. Existing methods for evaluating the temperature coefficient of the unperturbed dimensions, d In 〈r2〉/dT, from the stress-temperature relation are applied to the present data and discussed in some detail. It is concluded that reliable values of d In 〈r2〉/dT are not obtainable from data on unswollen samples because of the pronounced non-Gaussian effect. The value 7.5 A3 for the optical anisotropy A3 (an alternative to the stress-optical coefficient) for unswollen specimens is markedly larger than values (5.8 A3 on the average) for swollen specimens. This is interpreted as due to the shortrange orientational order among polymer segments. The quantities 〈r2〉, ΔΓ, and their temperature coefficients are calculated for both cis-1,4-polybutadiene and cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains, on the basis of the rotational isomeric state approximation for bond rotations. Values of ΔΓ for cis-1,4-polybutadiene calculated using Clement and Bothorel's set of anisotropic bond polarizabilities are in good agreement with observed values for swollen specimens. Those for cis-1,4-polyisoprene obtained using the same set of anisotropic bond polarizabilities are somewhat smaller than observed values for unswollen specimens. This departure is in the direction expected from the behavior of ΔΓ upon swelling (i.e., a decrease in ΔΓ upon swelling).