cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Terpenoid-Induced Feeding Deterrence and Antennal Response of Honey Bees

Multiple interacting stressors negatively affect the survival and productivity of managed honey bee colonies. Pesticides remain a primary concern for beekeepers, as even sublethal exposures can reduce bee immunocompetence, impair navigation, and reduce social communication. Pollinator protection focuses on pesticide application guidelines; however, a more active protection strategy is needed. One possible approach is the use of feeding deterrents that can be delivered as an additive during pesticide application. The goal of this study was to validate a laboratory assay designed to rapidly screen compounds for behavioral changes related to feeding or feeding deterrence. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the synthetic Nasonov pheromone and its terpenoid constituents citral, nerol, and geraniol could alter feeding behavior in a laboratory assay. Additionally, electroantennogram assays revealed that these terpenoids elicited some response in the antennae; however, only a synthetic Nasonov pheromone, citral, and geraniol elicited responses that differed significantly from control and vehicle detections.
Accountability in Emerging Forms of Governance: A Comparison of the California Bay-Delta Process and the European Water Framework Directive

Water resource governance in California is characterized by complex jurisdictional relationships and overlap between agencies tasked with specific mandates. This is exemplified in the California Delta, where critical needs such as flood control do not fall exclusively within the purview of any one entity and therefore must be addressed through coordination and collaboration at multiple scales. Yet CALFED, recent effort to produce integrated, collaborative governance in the Delta, has had mixed results. In this paper, we examine accountability within the existing governance system in the Delta. As a thought experiment we ask how accountability would function in a hypothetical governance system that incorporates principles from the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) into the context of the Delta. Network-based governance approaches such as CALFED blur the lines between public and private authority. They challenge traditional notions of vertical, top-down / down-up accountability by instead adopting a logic of accountability that is more horizontal, relationship-oriented, and diffused among multiple actors and organizations. We use the case of the Dutch Slough salt marsh restoration project in the Delta to understand the fragmented institutional landscape in which such projects are embedded, to ask how this landscape shapes the pathways of accountability in governance, and to reflect on the rise of alternative models in the European Union may offer lessons for California. The case study reveals the need for governance efforts to more effectively embed both vertical and horizontal accountability. To understand the applicability of the WFD to California, we compare the European and American social and political contexts as they relate to water. We suggest that different views the roles of the state and non-state actors, property rights, and values associated water ultimately shape the unique contexts in which European and American water policy can proceed. We conclude with suggestions for crafting governance institutions with effective linkages across organizations and multiple scales of government.
How Do Parents Teach "No Means No"? An Exploration of How Sexual Consent Beliefs Are Socialized During Adolescence.

Research on sexual consent has increased in recent years, but we know almost nothing about how beliefs about consent are socialized during adolescence, which likely has important implications for b...
A semi-analytical approach for flutter analysis of a high-aspect-ratio wing

We present a hybrid, semi-analytical approach to perform an eigenvalue-based flutter analysis of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) wing. The wing has a modern design that integrates metal and composite structures. The stiffness and natural frequency of the wing are calculated using a Finite Element (FE) model. The modal parameters are extracted by applying a recursive technique to the Lanczos method in the FE model. Subsequently, the modal parameters are used to evaluate the flutter boundaries in an analytical model based on the p-method. Two-degree-of-freedom bending and torsional flutter equations derived using Lagrange’s principle are transformed into an eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue framework is used to evaluate the stability characteristics of the wing under various flight conditions. An extension of this eigenvalue framework is applied to determine the stability boundaries and corresponding critical flutter parameters at a range of altitudes. The stability characteristics and critical flutter speeds are also evaluated through computational analysis of a reduced-order model of the wing in NX Nastran using the k- and pk-methods. The results of the analytical and computational methods are found to show good agreement with each other. A parametric study is also carried out to analyse the effects of the structural member thickness on the wing flutter speeds. The results suggest that changing the spar thickness contributes most significantly to the flutter speeds, whereas increasing the rib thickness decreases the flutter speed at high thickness values.
Quality Improvement Incorporating a Feedback Loop for Accurate Medication Reconciliation.

OBJECTIVES: Medication reconciliation errors on hospital admission can lead to significant patient harm. A pediatric intermediate care unit initiated a quality improvement project and aimed to reduce errors in admission medication reconciliation by 50% in 12 months. METHODS: From August 2017 to December 2018, a multidisciplinary team conducted a quality improvement project with plan-do-study-act methodology. Continuous data collection was achieved by reviewing medications with home caregivers within 18 hours of admission to identify errors. Cycle 1 consisted of nursing training in accurate and thorough medication history documentation. Cycle 2 was aimed at improving data collection. Cycle 3 was aimed at improving pediatric housestaff processes for medication reconciliation. In cycle 4 intervention, the reconciliation process was redesigned to incorporate the bedside nurse reviewing final medication orders with the patient’s home caregivers once the medication reconciliation process was complete. Intermittent maintenance data collection continued for 12 months thereafter. RESULTS: Cycle 1 and 2 interventions resulted in improvement in the medication reconciliation error rate from 9.8% to 4.7%. In cycle 2, the data collection rate improved from 61% to 80% of admissions sustained. Cycle 3 resulted in a further reduction in the medication error rate to 2.9%, which was sustained in cycle 4 and over the 12-month maintenance period. A patient’s number of home medications did not correlate with the error rate. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in admission medication reconciliation errors can be achieved with staff education on medication history and process for medication reconciliation and with process redesign that incorporates active medication order review as a closed-loop communication with home caregivers.
“It’s Hard Out Here for a Unicorn”: Transmasculine and Nonbinary Escorts, Embodiment, and Inequalities in Cisgendered Workplaces:

In this article, I draw from in-depth interviews with 34 transmasculine and nonbinary escorts who were assigned female at birth (AFAB) to explore the complicated relationship between gender, race, ...
Racializing American “Egyptians”: Shifting Legal Discourse, 1690s–1860s

This article situates the historical “Egyptian,” more commonly referred to as “Gypsy,” into the increasingly racist legal structures formed in the British North American colonies and the early United States, between the 1690s and 1860s. It simultaneously considers how those who considered themselves, or were considered by others, as “Egyptians” or “Gypsies” navigated life in the new realities created by such laws. Despite the limitations of state-produced sources from each era under study, inferences about these people’s experiences remain significant to building a more accurate and inclusive history of the United States. The following history narrates the lives of Joan Scott, her descendants, and other nineteenth-century Americans influenced by legalracial categories related to “Egyptians” and “Gypsies.” This is interwoven with the relevant historical contexts from American legal discourses that confirm the racialization of such categories over the centuries.
Modeling Flexibility for Middle Level Teacher Candidates during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Faced with school closures in the spring of 2020 due to COVID-19, middle level teacher candidates were left with no way to finish their field experiences. The challenge continued into the fall with many schools providing only virtual learning and some not allowing visitors on campus. This article describes the steps one university middle level program implemented to create an engaging, meaningful field experience while modeling flexibility for the teacher candidates.
Mapping Crop Phenology in Near Real-Time Using Satellite Remote Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities

Crop phenology is critical for agricultural management, crop yield estimation, and agroecosystem assessment. Traditionally, crop growth stages are observed from the ground, which is time-consuming and lacks spatial variability. Remote sensing Vegetation Index (VI) time series has been used to map land surface phenology (LSP) and relate to crop growth stages mostly after the growing season. In recent years, high temporal and spatial resolution remote sensing data have allowed near-real-time mapping of crop phenology within the growing season. This paper summarizes two classes of near-real-time mapping methods, i.e., curve-based and trend-based approaches. The curve-based approaches combine the time series VIs and crop growth stages from historical years with the current observations to estimate crop growth stages. The curve-based approaches are capable of a short-term prediction. The trend-based approaches detect upward or downward trends from time series and confirm the trends using the increasing or decreasing momentum and VI thresholds. The trend-based approaches only use current observations. Both curve-based and trend-based approaches are promising in mapping crop growth stages timely. Nevertheless, mapping crop phenology near real-time is challenging since remote sensing observations are not always sensitive to crop growth stages. The accuracy of crop phenology detection depends on the frequency and availability of cloud-free observations within the growing season. Recent satellite datasets such as the harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) are promising for mapping crop phenology within the season over large areas. Operational applications in the near future are feasible.
Urban Transit Infrastructure and Inequality: The Role of Access to Non-Tradable Goods and Services

With 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, mass transit networks are expanding faster than ever before. But how are the economic gains from such expansions being shared between low- and high-income workers? Existing research focuses on the role of commuting to work, however much of urban travel is related to the consumption of non-tradable goods and services (retail, F&B, personal services etc.). Since low-income workers are overwhelmingly employed in these non-tradable sectors, changes in consumption travel patterns in response to a transit expansion leads to a spatial re-organization of low-income jobs in the city which has important implications for inequality. This paper develops an urban spatial model with heterogeneous worker groups and incorporating travel to consume non-tradable goods and services. We estimate our model using detailed farecard and administrative data from Singapore to quantify the impact of the Downtown Line (DTL). We find large welfare gains for high-income workers, but near zero gains for low-income workers. All workers benefit from improved access to consumption opportunities, but low-income non-tradable sector jobs move to less attractive workplaces. Abstracting away from consumption travel results in a five-fold underestimation of the inequality effects and failure to capture the spatial re-organization of low-income jobs in the city.
Mild parkinsonian signs, energy decline, and striatal volume in community-dwelling older adults

Background Mild Parkinsonian Signs (MPS), highly prevalent in older adults, predict disability. It is unknown whether energy decline, a predictor of mobility disability, is also associated with MPS. We hypothesized that those with MPS had greater decline in self-reported energy levels (SEL) than those without MPS, and that SEL decline and MPS share neural substrates. Methods Using data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, we analyzed 293 Parkinson's Disease-free participants (83±3 years old, 39% Black, 58% women) with neuroimaging data, MPS evaluation by Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale in 2006-2008, and ≥ 3 measures of SEL since 1999-2000. Individual SEL slopes were computed via linear mixed models. Associations of SEL slopes with MPS were tested using logistic regression models. Association of SEL slope with volume of striatum, sensorimotor, and cognitive regions were examined using linear regression models adjusted for normalized total gray matter volume. Models were adjusted for baseline SEL, mobility, demographics, and comorbidities. Results Compared to those without MPS (n=165), those with MPS (n=128) had 37% greater SEL decline in the prior eight years (p=0.001). Greater SEL decline was associated with smaller right striatal volume (adjusted standardized β=0.126, p=0.029). SEL decline was not associated with volumes in other regions. The association of SEL decline with MPS remained similar after adjustment for right striatal volume (adjusted OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.16 - 3.54). Conclusion SEL decline may be faster in those with MPS. Striatal atrophy may be important for declining energy but does not explain the association with MPS.
Designing inclusive websites for people with disabilities as part of an event tourism strategic planning process

Web accessibility is an important aspect of creating an inclusive event or meeting. This study examined a total of 278 websites’ accessibility of various event sectors using AChecker. The findings ...
Judicial Accountability and Independence

A reflection on recent developments relating to judicial accountability and independence in India.
Wildfire smoke as a driver of covid-19 fatality rates? A synthetic control analysis of San Francisco Bay Area Counties

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The 2020 wildfire season broke records for the most active fire year on the West Coast, resulting in the worst air quality observed in decades. Concurrently, the public health t...
Associations between muscle soreness, damage, and fatigue.

Eccentric exercise results in muscle soreness, structural damage, prolonged losses in strength and range of motion, and neuromuscular dysfunction. Greater and longer lasting fatigue occurs after eccentric compared with concentric and isometric exercise. Higher forces are achieved during eccentric contractions with less ATP usage and greater increases in temperature. Although mechanisms involved in the damage and repair process are not well understood, active strain during eccentric contractions is suggested to cause the initial damage which increases over 2–3 days, followed by regeneration.
The Authority of Illinios Lawyers to Settle Their Clients' Civil Claims: On Priniciples Not Quite Settled

The Illinois laws guiding lawyer civil claim settlement authority are not well settled and should be reexamined to provide lawyers with clear standards when they agree to a settlement on behalf of their clients. A comprehensive rule making initiative pursued by the Illinois Supreme Court is the best vehicle to settle the principles of lawyer conduct. In undertaking such an initiative, the Illinois Supreme Court should clarify issues of actual authority, apparent authority, burdens of proof, and open court presumptions. Furthermore, the Illinois Supreme Court should address other laws directly impacting upon, but unrelated to, lawyer settlement authority, including laws regarding choice of law, separation of powers, required writings, compelled attendance and judicial enforcement issues. The principles governing civil claim settlements will become clear and settled only after such a comprehensive revision is complete.
Computing the transfer function for second-order 2D systems

In this paper the discrete Fourier transform is used to determine the coefficients of a transfer function of a new two-dimensional system model of second-order: x(i/sub 1/ + 2, i/sub 2/ + 2) = A/sub 0/x(i/sub 1/ + 1, i/sub 2/ + 1) + A/sub 1/x(i/sub 1/ + 1, i/sub 2/) + A/sub 2/x(i/sub 1/, i/sub 2/ + 1). The algorithm is straight forward and has been implemented using the software package "Matlab/spl trade/". A step-by-step example illustrating the application of the algorithm is presented.
The bronchoalveolar lymphocyte. Studies on the life history and lymphocyte traffic from blood to the lung.

Abstract Although recent work has shed some light on the identity and function of lymphocytes that reside in the bronchoalveolar air space (lung lymphocytes), little is known about the origin and life history of these cells. To determine the proportion of recently divided lung lymphocytes, DA-strain rats were labeled in vivo for 3 days with tritiated thymidine ([ 3 H]dTR). Autoradiographs of lavaged lung and peritoneal cells indicated that a large fraction (44–77%) of lung lymphocytes was labeled and that these values were comparable to the proportion of labeled lymphocytes in peritoneal exudates (61–74%). To determine if some newly divided lung lymphocytes might come via the blood, additional experiments were performed in which rats were labeled ([ 3 H]dTR) in vivo for 7 days. Lymphocytes were then obtained in labeled rats by thoracic duct drainage and were adoptively transferred (by vein) into syngeneic recipients. The percentage recovery of labeled lymphocytes in lung aspirates of recipient rats was determined from cell counts and autoradiographs. These results demonstrate that blood may be a source of recently divided lymphocytes but they do not indicate the relative contribution blood makes toward these cells in the lung.
Supersymmetric dual string theory (II). Vertices and trees

Abstract Vertex operators for the emission of massless open-string states are constructed using the light-cone gauge formalism introduced in the first paper of this series. The vertices for vector and spinor emission transform into one another under supersymmetry in the same way as the states themselves. This enables one to construct amplitudes and deduce the relationships among them implied by supersymmetry. Various four-particle tree graphs are explicitly investigated and shown to satisfy the duality requirement.
Kinetics of Synthesis of Various Types of Antigenic Proteins in Cells Infected with Pseudorabies Virus

Hamada, Chuya (Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa.), and Albert S. Kaplan. Kinetics of synthesis of various types of antigenic proteins in cells infected with pseudorabies virus. J. Bacteriol. 89:1328–1334. 1965.—By means of an indirect precipitation test, a determination was made of the rates of synthesis of various types of serologically specific proteins in rabbit kidney cells infected with pseudorabies virus. The rate of synthesis of cell-specific protein decreased after infection. During the early stages of the infective process, proteins which bear no precursor relationship to the viral particles (nonstructural viral proteins) and which cannot be detected in noninfected cells were formed. Almost concurrently with these nonstructural proteins, synthesis of virus precursor proteins began. The synthesis of these proteins preceded the formation of mature virus and continued until the end of the virus growth cycle.
Non-stoichiometric compositions arising from synergistic electronic and size effects. Synthesis, crystal chemistry and electronic properties of A14Cd1+xPn11 compounds (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3; A = Sr, Eu; Pn = As, Sb)

The structural variability in terms of existence of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric compounds in the well-known “14–1–11” family has been investigated. Four such compounds, Eu14CdAs11, Sr14Cd1.06(1)As11, Eu14Cd1.27(1)Sb11, and Sr14Cd1.30(1)Sb11, synthesized by both flux and traditional solid-state methods, have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They are all isotypic, forming with the Ca14AlSb11 structure type (Pearson code tI208, tetragonal space group I41/acd). Their average structure can be described as space-filling packing of distorted [APn6] octahedra, [APn5] trigonal bipyramids, and [CdPn4] tetrahedra, where Pn denotes As or Sb, and A stands for Eu or Sr. Interstitial sites are partially occupied by Cd atoms, giving rise to the chemical formula A14Cd1+xPn11. The interstitial atom can be seen as forming a cluster, reminiscent of the empty substructure unit in the gamma-brass cluster (also known as “tetraederstern”). Robust cation–cation interactions exist in the structure and might be a natural response of the electronic structure to compensate for the apparent electron deficiency and in order to optimize the bonding interactions. The electronic structure calculations for idealized Sr14CdSb11 revealed that the Fermi level falls near the edge of the valence band, which suggests poor metallic conductivity. The analysis of the volume of coordination polyhedron and that of the Voronoi cell indicates that the content of Cd atoms in the interstitial site is limited by the available “free volume” within the complex tetrahedral unit. This free volume is induced by the instability of the hypervalent [Pn3]7− anion, which in turn is related to the increasing size of pnictogen atoms, and to some extent, by the type/size of the countercations.
Haag’s Theorem, Apparent Inconsistency, and the Empirical Adequacy of Quantum Field Theory

Haag's theorem has been interpreted as establishing that quantum field theory cannot consistently represent interacting fields. Earman and Fraser have clarified how it is possible to give mathematically consistent calculations in scattering theory despite the theorem. However, their analysis does not fully address the worry raised by the result. In particular, I argue that their approach fails to be a complete explanation of why Haag's theorem does not undermine claims about the empirical adequacy of particular quantum field theories. I then show that such empirical adequacy claims are protected from Haag's result by the techniques that are required to obtain theoretical predictions for realistic experimental observables. I conclude by showing how Haag's theorem is illustrative of a general tension between the foundational significance of results that can be obtained in perturbation theory and non-perturbative characterizations of the content of quantum field theory.
Recombination of yeast mitochondrial DNA does not require mitochondrial protein synthesis.

Mitochondrial genes recombine extensively in yeast zygotes. In heteropolar crosses (ω+ × ω−) in which the ω− “allele” consists of an insertion, there is preferential recovery of ω+ and markers closely linked to it. This polarity has been postulated to be a consequence of one-way gene conversion beginning at the ω locus (ω- to ω+). We have shown that most or all mitochondrial recombination in homopolar and heteropolar crosses, and the phenomenon of polarity itself, does not require products of protein synthesis on mitochondrial ribosomes. (i) Yeast strains were grown and mated, and the zygotes plated and grown, on glucose medium with erythromycin to inhibit and dilute out the products of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Recombination frequencies and polarity at the cap1 and oli1 loci were normal compared to controls in some homopolar (ω+ × ω−) and heteropolar crosses. Apparent changes in recombination frequencies and polarity were seen in other crosses but are attributable to locus-specific petite induction by erythromycin. (ii) Homopolar (ω+ × ω+) and heteropolar crosses between pairs of petite mutants retaining the cap1, ery1, and oli1 loci also showed nearly normal recombination at the cap1 and oli1 loci, as determined by test-crossing the petite progeny. The petite mutants and zygotes cannot do mitochondria) protein synthesis. These results support the recombinational model of polarity.
Performance of some SQP algorithms on structural design problems

This paper describes the basic ideas of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithms for design optimization. There are two fundamental differences between the various algorithms: (i) the difinition of the QP subproblem solved at each iteration, and (ii) the descent function used during step size determination. The performances of the algorithms can change dramatically depending on how the two steps are executed. Numerical implementation details of various computational steps are discussed. Three programs based on SQP algorithms are used to solve 17 structural design problems having 7 to 96 design variables and 10 to 1051 performance constraints besides design variable bounds. Based on the performance of these programs, efficient procedures to execute various steps of the SQP methods are determined. It is concluded that the potential constraint strategy, where only a subset of the constraints is used to define the QP subproblem, is essential for large scale engineering design applications. With this strategy the SQP methods are quite robust and have great potential for routine application in engineering design.
Altricial development in subsocial cockroach ancestors: foundation for the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in termites.

SUMMARY Basal termites possess two developmental features that eusocial Hymenoptera lack: the majority of colony members are juveniles whose somatic and reproductive development is temporarily or permanently suspended, and individual development is characterized by extreme phenotypic plasticity. An examination of the literature indicates that the basis for these unique ontogenetic characters is not the prolongation of a pronymphal stage into postembryonic development, as recently suggested. Like other hemimetabolous insects, termites have three embryonic cuticles, and the pronymphal (EC3) cuticle is shed during or shortly after hatch. Nonetheless, a different developmental landmark, dorsal closure, occurs later during embryogenesis in termites than it does in their cockroach relatives, clearly indicating ontogenetic repatterning from an ancestral state. An alternate hypothesis for the origin of isopteran phenotypic plasticity becomes apparent if we remain focused on the phylogenetic and social context of termite evolution. Altricial development occurs in both vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, evolves in response to the parental environment, and is displayed by two distantly related, biparental, wood-feeding cockroaches, including Cryptocercus, the sister-group to termites. It is therefore likely the condition was present in subsocial termite ancestors, and played a complex, multidimensional role in the transition to eusociality. Most relevant to current arguments is that a shift in responsibility for the care of altricial dependents, from parents to the first nutritionally independent nymphs in the family (alloparents), resulted in the developmental stasis of alloparents at a relatively young age. Because early instar cockroaches are not metamorphically competent, these young alloparents would have provided a novel developmental template on which selection could act.
Multi-angle lensless digital holography for depth resolved imaging on a chip

A multi-angle lensfree holographic imaging platform that can accurately characterize both the axial and lateral positions of cells located within multi-layered micro-channels is introduced. In this platform, lensfree digital holograms of the micro-objects on the chip are recorded at different illumination angles using partially coherent illumination. These digital holograms start to shift laterally on the sensor plane as the illumination angle of the source is tilted. Since the exact amount of this lateral shift of each object hologram can be calculated with an accuracy that beats the diffraction limit of light, the height of each cell from the substrate can be determined over a large field of view without the use of any lenses. We demonstrate the proof of concept of this multi-angle lensless imaging platform by using light emitting diodes to characterize various sized microparticles located on a chip with sub-micron axial and lateral localization over ~60 mm2 field of view. Furthermore, we successfully apply this lensless imaging approach to simultaneously characterize blood samples located at multi-layered micro-channels in terms of the counts, individual thicknesses and the volumes of the cells at each layer. Because this platform does not require any lenses, lasers or other bulky optical/mechanical components, it provides a compact and high-throughput alternative to conventional approaches for cytometry and diagnostics applications involving lab on a chip systems.
Coagulation studies with linear copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons and maleic acid: new class of anticoagulants.

1. 1. Polymers of ethylene maleic acid (EMA) and its divinyl ether congener (Pyran) have anticoagulant effects in fibrinogen clotting by thrombin. Measurements of clotting time, clot opacity, yield and structure indicate that different effects are produced at distinctly different and broad concentration ranges of polymer. Fibrinogen clotting is exquisitely sensitive to EMA over a low range (less than 1 EMA:400 fibrinogen, w/w), about 4 times more than to heparin. Pyran equals EMA in potency. 2. 2. Antithrombic action in this range is referable to progressive fibrin monomer formation; co-presence of 0.25–1.0 μg polymer with 0.5 mg fibrin monomer removes approx. 40 thrombin units. Antithrombic capacity is proportional to thrombin concentration, the latter determining speed and quantity of fibrin monomer formation. Anticoagulant activity is less with relatively low-molecular-weight material. 3. 3. At progressively higher polymer concentration ranges anticoagulant activity diminishes, returning almost to normal, and again becoming prominent as concentration is increased. Here polymerization is only retarded; ultimate clot yield is unaffected. Clot structure, on the other hand, is compromised over all concentration ranges. 4. 4. These polymers share many properties of heparin and heparinoids. The EMA and Pyran data suggest that the antithrombic action of heparin in the purified fibrinogen-thrombin system, still controversial, is via the same mechanism. 5. 5. The biological significance of the findings and their possible application to the problem of blood-compatible surfaces is discussed.
Feasibility of Crosslinked Acrylic Shape Memory Polymer for a Thrombectomy Device

Purpose. To evaluate the feasibility of utilizing a system of SMP acrylates for a thrombectomy device by determining an optimal crosslink density that provides both adequate recovery stress for blood clot removal and sufficient strain capacity to enable catheter delivery. Methods. Four thermoset acrylic copolymers containing benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (Mn∼512, BPA) were designed with differing thermomechanical properties. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to ensure that the materials were able to undergo the strains imposed by crimping, and fabricated devices were subjected to force-monitored crimping, constrained recovery, and bench-top thrombectomy. Results. Devices with 25 and 35 mole% BPA exhibited the highest recovery stress and the highest brittle response as they broke upon constrained recovery. On the contrary, the 15 mole% BPA devices endured all testing and their recovery stress (5 kPa) enabled successful bench-top thrombectomy in 2/3 times, compared to 0/3 for the devices with the lowest BPA content. Conclusion. While the 15 mole% BPA devices provided the best trade-off between device integrity and performance, other SMP systems that offer recovery stresses above 5 kPa without increasing brittleness to the point of causing device failure would be more suitable for this application.
Clinical isolated syndrome mimicking focal brainstem glioma in a child

A 5-year-old boy presented to our hospital with a 10-day history of progressive left-sided facial weakness, drooling and inability to swallow in the absence of a preceding febrile illness. Two weeks prior to presentation he had been camping with his family. Neurological examination revealed left facial palsy, left palatal weakness, depressed gag reflex and mild left-sided hypoglossal weakness. MRI of the brain demonstrated a focal contrast enhancing lesion in the left medulla that was …
Performance Information in Control of Model-Following Stochastic Systems

Abstract The paper considers performance information in a linear-quadratic class of model-following control systems. The innovative idea is the fact that performance information with higher-order performance-measure statistics can improve control decisions for closed-loop system performance reliability but the controller design can also be computationally involved. Many of the results entail measures of the amount, value, and cost of performance information, and the design of model-following control strategy with risk aversion. It becomes clear that the topic of performance information in control is of central importance for future research and development of correct-by-design of high performance and reliable systems.
Molecular orientational relaxation times in liquids

Abstract We have used picosecond light pulses from a mode-locked Nd:glass laser to observe the kinetics of the optical Kerr effect in several liquids. From these data we determined the molecular orientational relaxation times for carbon disulfide, bromobenzene, nitrobenzene, toluene, iodomethane and mixtures of carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride. Our results are in good agreement with the Debye relation between orientational relaxation time and the macroscopic viscosity.
The Functional Role of a DNA Primase in Chloroplast DNA Replication in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Abstract A complementation experiment was developed to identify the protein component that is essential for the in vitro replication of a cloned template containing a chloroplast DNA replication origin of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using this method, we have identified a DNA primase activity that copurified with DNA polymerase from the crude protein mixture. The primase catalyzed the synthesis of short RNA primers on single-stranded DNA templates. Among the synthetic templates, the order of preference was poly(dA), poly(dT), and poly(dC). The primer size range for these templates was 11–18, 5–12, and 3–11 nucleotides, respectively. On a single-stranded template containing the chloroplast DNA replication origin, the primer length range reached 19 to 27 nucleotides, indicating a better processtivity. Several initiation sites were mapped on both strands of the cloned replication origin. Some preferential initiation sites were located on A tracks spaced at one helical turn apart within the bending locus. Primase improved the template specificity of the in vitro DNA replication system and enhanced the incorporation of radioactive dATP into the supercoiled template containing the core sequences of the chloroplast DNA replication origin.
Real time array launching of localized wave pulsed beam energy

Summary form only given. The author discussed work done at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the generation of localized wave (LW) pulse beams. The effective frequency concept has been considered as well as the criteria of the effective Rayleigh distance for a pulsed array. Based on these ideas, the LW pulse has achieved better efficiency than the other control beams and has extended its near-field out to 10 times the expected Rayleigh distance. >
Modeling and implementation of an N*N Clos-type interconnect network employing a 'clashing' control procedure

The authors present a model of an N*N (N=2/sup n/, an integer) Clos-type interconnect network using a 'clashing' control procedure. The control algorithm can be implemented in hardware and the time required to set up a permutation through the network is O(log/sub 2/N). Furthermore, the resulting network is nonblocking and rearrangeable; and an N*N network may be implemented on a (2N+5)- or (3N+5)-pin IC chip, depending on the exact implementation and control procedure. >
The effect of managed care on nuclear cardiology

The rapid growth of managed care organizations as a dominant structural model for the delivery of health and medical care has major implications for the nuclear cardiologist. Both governmental and private sector trends portend increased focus on cost containment strategies that may disrupt patient access to cardiovascular specialists and alter traditional physician referral patterns and practices. Issues include who will deliver services, where these services are made available, and how procedures and protocols are developed. The nuclear cardiologist will need to consider approaches to maintain access to patients, clinical autonomy, access to capital, as well as financial and legal risks when positioning a practice to thrive in the future.
High frequency thickness shear mode devices for organic vapor sensing

Abstract Thickness shear mode (TSM) quartz resonators at a fundamental frequency of 96 MHz were evaluated for their performance in organic vapor sensing applications and results were compared with the performance of 10 and 20 MHz resonators. These devices were produced by chemical milling of AT-cut quartz. Seven test organic vapors were utilized at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 13.7 vol.% in the vapor phase. In all cases, the rubbery polymer poly(isobutylene) was used as a sensing layer. Detailed results for various sensor parameters such as sensitivity, baseline noise and drift, limit of detection, dynamic range, and repeatability for this 96 MHz device were compared with those for 10 and 20 MHz devices. The test case of benzene/poly(isobutylene) was chosen to make these detailed comparisons, and the general conclusions were found to be similar with other solvents. The 96 MHz device was found to be more sensitive than the lower frequency ones. Device sensitivity was dependent on the benzene concentration and an enhancement factor of 8–27 when compared to the 10 MHz device was seen as the benzene concentration ranged from 0 to nearly 7 vol.% in the vapor phase. Significantly higher enhancements were limited by difficulty in coating thicker sensing layers without damping out the response, for this 96 MHz device. Limit of detection was found to be higher for the 96 MHz device, due to increased baseline noise. Response times decreased with analyte concentration. Sensor response was in reasonable agreement with the perturbation model of Sauerbrey at lower concentrations and deviated at the higher concentrations for the 96 MHz device. It is suggested that higher frequency TSM devices can be very useful as organic vapor sensors in process monitoring applications. TSM devices have advantages of simpler electronics, easier design and fabrication and well-developed models when compared to other acoustic wave devices.
Abstract 680: Quinacrine sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL via up-regulating DR5 and eradicating MCL-1

Quinacrine has been widely explored in treatment of malaria, giardiasis, and rheumatic diseases. We find that quinacrine stabilizes p53 and induces p53-dependent and independent tumor cell death. Structurally, quinacrine bears similar characteristics with DNA-intercalating agents. Indeed, quinacrine competes with Propidium Iodide and shows a high binding affinity to DNA. Interestingly, quinacrine is a fluorescent dye that can be visualized under a laser microscope. In live cells, quinacrine is mainly clustered in the cytoplasm with a faint fluorescent signal in the nucleus. If the cells are fixed with methanol, quinacrine accumulates predominantly in the nucleus. Treatment by quinacrine alone at concentrations of 10-20 μM for 1-2 days can not kill hepatocellular carcinoma cells, such as HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7, which are also resistant to TRAIL. However, quinacrine renders these cells sensitive to treatment of TRAIL significantly. Co-treatment of these cells with quinacrine and TRAIL induces overwhelming cell death in 3-4 hr. Western blotting shows the level of DR5, a pro-apoptotic death receptor of TRAIL, is increased while MCL-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family, is decreased. While the synergistic effect of quinacrine with TRAIL appears to be in part independent of p53, knockdown of p53 in HepG2 cells by siRNA results in more cell death after treatment by quinacrine and TRAIL. The mechanism of quinacrine sensitization of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the potential for clinical application are being further explored. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 680.
A note on modulated cross-waves

Larraza & Putterman (1984) and Miles (1984b) derived a nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation for the envelope r(X,τ) of a spatially and temporally modulated cross-wave for which the spatial mean square ) wave; but if the X and τ dependencies of r are not separable it implies the replacement of the NLS equation by a nonlinear integral-partial-differential equation.
Captions On, Off, on TV, Online: Accessibility and Search Engine Optimization in Online Closed Captioning

This article considers the current state of closed captioning for online videos, in the U.S. context. As media access is foundational to cultural citizenship, captions and similar accessibility fea...
Bronchography in Diagnosis of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Summary and Conclusions Bronchography is an underestimated and neglected tool in the diagnosis of diseases of the chest. In reviewing five leading American journals for the years 1960 and 1961, and well accepted textbooks on radiology and cancer, it is mentioned only incidentally and never as an accepted major approach in establishing a diagnosis. In the presence of clinical evidence and chest roentgenograms suggestive of bronchogenic carcinoma, reliance is almost wholly placed on Papanicolaou staining of the sputum, bronchoscopy, and biopsy of peripheral lesions, together referred to as the "diagnostic triad." Bronchography remains relatively non-utilized. My experience with 147 bronchograms in which the modality was used designedly in an attempt to explain underlying chest pathology, indicates that: 1.The bronchogram is a valuable tool in diagnosis of diseases of the chest, other than bronchogenic carcinoma. 2.It is more informative than any other single diagnostic approach and more sensitive as a diagnostic agent than all the methods constituting the "diagnostic triad" combined. 3.The bronchographic findings in bronchogenic carcinoma consist of malignant bronchial obstruction. FIGURE 3A unilateral abnormal hilum and an abscess lateral to it. The bronchogram illustrates classic features of malignant bronchial obstruction. The lesion completely obstructs the right upper and middle lobes, and also partially obstructs the lower lobe. 4.Such obstruction has definite roentgen characteristics which identify it as malignant and these have been described. 5.The bronchogram is reliable in excluding bronchogenic carcinoma when the conventional chest roentgenogram simulates it and conversely, establishing its diagnosis when it simulates another disease. 6.And lastly, the bronchogram saves time in establishing or excluding the diagnosis.
On duality for square root convex programs

Conjugate function theory is used to develop dual programs for nonseparable convex programs involving the square root function. This function arises naturally in finance when one measures the risk of a portfolio by its variance–covariance matrix, in stochastic programming under chance constraints and in location theory.
Scientific Teaching Targeting Faculty from Diverse Institutions

We offered four annual professional development workshops called STAR (for Scientific Teaching, Assessment, and Resources) modeled after the National Academies Summer Institute (SI) on Undergraduate Education in Biology. In contrast to the SI focus on training faculty from research universities, STAR's target was faculty from community colleges, 2-yr campuses, and public and private research universities. Because of the importance of community colleges and 2-yr institutions as entries to higher education, we wanted to determine whether the SI model can be successfully extended to this broader range of institutions. We surveyed the four cohorts; 47 STAR alumni responded to the online survey. The responses were separated into two groups based on the Carnegie undergraduate instructional program categories, faculty from seven associate's and associate's-dominant institutions (23) and faculty from nine institutions with primarily 4-yr degree programs (24). Both groups expressed the opinion that STAR had a positive impact on teaching, student learning, and engagement. The two groups reported using techniques of formative assessment and active learning with similar frequency. The mix of faculty from diverse institutions was viewed as enhancing the workshop experience. The present analysis indicates that the SI model for training faculty in scientific teaching can successfully be extended to a broad range of higher education institutions.
Comparative Biology and Pathogenesis of AIDS and Hepatitis B Viruses: Related but Different

AIDS (HIV) and hepatitis B viruses are remarkably similar in their sharing of reverse transcription, in their ancestral origins and common genetic elements, and in their modes of transmission. Both are hypermutable and exist as quasispecies due primarily to errors in reverse transcription, though there is severe restriction in the replicative competence of most hepatitis B mutants. They differ in the lack of an integrase in hepatitis B virus and in their pathogenesis in the infected host. HIV survives mainly by antigenic variability, immune evasion, and impairment of immune function though viral regulatory control elements seek to restrict fatal damage to the host. Hepatitis B virus survives primarily by mutation of e antigen/core genes that directly obviates cytotoxic T cell destruction of infected liver cells, or indirectly limits destruction of infected cells through induction of anergy in the cytotoxic T cell response. Most persons infected with hepatitis B virus recover completely while recovery from HIV infection is rare if ever. Hepatitis B is highly preventable by vaccine while HIV vaccine is still seeking a meaningful immunoprophylactic target. AIDS and hepatitis B represent an extreme example, among the viruses of man, in their close similarities but distinct differences. In depth details and perspectives are presented in this review.
Regulation of sleep and arousal: introduction to part VII.

: This paper introduces the theme of the relationship between sleep deprivation and behavior.