cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidence and severity of transplant coronary artery disease early and up to 15 years after transplantation as detected by intravascular ultrasound

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to quantify the severity of transplant coronary artery disease and to assess lesion characteristics early and up to 15 years after heart transplantation by using intracoronary ultrasound. Background. Intravascular ultrasound has the ability to measure the components of the arterial wall and has been shown to be a sensitive method for detection of transplant coronary artery disease. Methods. A total of 304 intracoronary ultrasound studies were performed in 174 heart transplant recipients at baseline and up to 15 (mean 3.3 ± 0.2) years after transplantation. Mean intimal thickness and an intimal index were calculated, and lesion characteristics (eccentricity, calcification) were assessed for all coronary sites imaged (mean 3.0 ± 0.1 sites/study). The Stanford classification was used to grade lesion severity. Results. Compared with findings in patients studied at baseline ( Conclusions. Severity of transplant coronary artery disease appeared to progress with time after transplantation in this cross-sectional study. This characteristic was most prominent during the 1st 2 years after transplantation, whereas calcification of plaques occurred to a significant extent only later in the process. These data may serve as a reference for comparison of intravascular ultrasound findings in other studies of patients with transplant coronary artery disease.
Differential response to contact during embryonic nerve‐nonnerve cell interactions

The outcome of contact interactions involving neurons and nonneurons varies depending on the cell types involved. When neuronal growth cones from either ciliary (motor) or dorsal root (sensory) ganglia directly contact the lamellipodium of an embryonic heart fibroblast, both neurite elongation and fibroblast locomotion are inhibited. This occurs in spite of the fact that cell-surface activity in both cells continues unabated. Such contact inhibition is not observed when homologous ganglionic nonneurons are involved in the interaction. In fact, these cells become intimately associated with growth cones and/or neuritic shafts as a result of the contact. The detailed nature of the response to contact exhibited by nerves and nonnerves varies not only with cell type but also with the portion of the cell involved in the contact. Growth cone filopodia tend to actively palpate the fibroblast surface, whereas spread regions, termed "veils," form areas of apposition with fibroblast lamellipodia. This latter situation resembles the "typical" contact inhibition of locomotion that occurs following embryonic heart fibroblast-fibroblast interactions. Growth cones also frequently exhibit contact guidance when interacting with nonruffling lateral surfaces of heart fibroblasts.
The effects of reliability and criticality on an IED interrogation task

Controlling and monitoring unmanned vehicles is a cognitively demanding task, particularly when searching environments for potential improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Due to the diversity of methods used to construct IEDs, unreliable information about the potential for harm may be provided to operators. Also, warfighters may search environments that are sparsely or heavily populated. Few researchers have manipulated information reliability and task criticality jointly, though these constructs often co-vary in real task situations such as IED search. Sixteen undergraduate students navigated an unmanned ground vehicle around a demarcated course and made object investigation decisions. Participants searched the environment under conditions of low and high criticality and encountered objects accompanied by low or high reliability warnings. RESULTS showed that criticality and reliability individually and jointly impacted reaction time and navigation errors. The reported findings generally support our hypotheses and suggest additional work is necessary to replicate such effects with active duty personnel. Language: en
Structure determination of aligned samples of membrane proteins by NMR spectroscopy.

The paper briefly reviews the process of determining the structures of membrane proteins by NMR spectroscopy of aligned samples, describes the integration of recent developments in the interpretation of spectra of aligned proteins and illustrates the application of these methods to the trans-membrane helical domain of a protein. The emerging methods of interpreting the spectral parameters from aligned samples of isotopically labeled proteins provide opportunities for simultaneously assigning the spectra and determining the structures of the proteins, and also for comparing the results from solid-state NMR experiments on completely aligned samples with those of solution NMR experiments on weakly aligned samples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of attention and activation on the visual evoked cortical potential and reaction time.

In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the relative contributions of arousal and attentional factors affecting the amplitude of the visual evoked cortical potential and reaction time latency. Subjects were studied under the following four conditions: (1) passively watching a small, dim, intermittent flash; (2) reacting to each flash by releasing a lever, thereby giving a reaction time; (3) reacting to each flash within a specified period of time in order to avoid an uncomfortable shock to the fingers; (4) reacting to each flash while receiving occasional unavoidable shock. Statistical analyses revealed that the evoked potentials recorded during the avoidable shock condition (3) were significantly larger than during the other three conditions. Reaction times were routinely shorter during condition 3, followed by the no-shock (2) and then unavoidable shock (4) conditions.
Quality of Service management in 5G broadband converged networks

In a heterogeneous environment of 4G broadband networks, participating technologies orchestrate their own provisioning for the Quality of Service (QoS) management. As we move towards 5G, those technologies are moving towards a common set of objectives to offer the end users higher capacity, robustness, security, QoS, etc. in a unified and converged manner. In order to provide end-to-end QoS support for application services over the converged networks in 5G, a common QoS framework is proposed. It consists of a two-level scheduling scheme; Priority Queuing (PQ) discipline and Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) discipline in the first level while Deficit Weighted Round Robin (DWRR) discipline is deployed in the second level. Simulation results show a seamless QoS deliverable over a vertical hand-off between LTE and a wireline network, in addition to performance improvements of Real Time (RT) applications when compared to existing scheduling systems.
Long-term ethanol administration methods for rats: advantages of inhalation over intubation or liquid diets

An administration paradigm based on ethanol vaporization in multiple air-tight chambers has been developed to examine the biological effects of chronic exposure to ethanol. Sprague/2-Dawley rats, without surgical or pharmacological intervention, maintain normal growth curves and 175 ± 7 mg/dl blood ethanol levels for more than 2 weeks of continuous ethanol exposure. In the initial 48 hr, low ethanol vapor concentrations (22 mg/liter) accustom the subjects to breathing ethanol. On Day 3, vapor concentrations are raised to 25 mg/liter. Depending upon their blood ethanol levels on Day 5, rats are moved to chambers at one of three concentrations (23,25, or 27 mg/liter) so as to equalize their subsequent levels: rats with Day 5 blood levels between 120 and 220 mg/dl remain in a chamber at 25 mg/liter, those below 120 mg/dl are exposed to 27 mg/liter, while those above 220 mg/dl are exposed to 23 mg/liter. Blood ethanol is remeasured and similar adjustments are made every 2 days for the next 2 weeks. On termination of treatment, subjects exhibit ethanol tolerance (as measured by hypothermic response to a challenge dose of ethanol) and dependence (as measured by open-field behaviors and susceptibility to audiogenic seizures). By supplementing ethanol and control animals' diets with highly palatable foods and salad vegetables, both groups gain weight normally throughout. Our results with this chronic administration method overcome certain limitations experienced with liquid diet and intragastric intubation methods.
Women, Poverty, and Domestic Violence: Perceptions of Court and Legal Aid Effectiveness

This study bridges a gap between research on access to justice for the poor, women's victimization, and procedural justice by examining factors that shape poor women's perception of the court's effectiveness in dealing with domestic violence. Drawing on both survey and interview data gathered from clients of a federally funded clinic run by the Legal Aid Society, analyses reveal that clients are generally satisfied with and confident in the ability of the court, Legal Aid, and other institutions. Furthermore, it is revealed that mental/verbal abuse, a belief in the importance of the court in solving marital problems, and faith in procedural justice predict the perception that the court is effective in dealing with domestic violence, and that the effectiveness of other institutions is mitigated by several combinations of these and other factors. Moreover, clients are satisfied that the court's treatment of women in particular is even-handed, but not satisfied by its treatment of poor people (regardless of gender). Combined, these findings suggest that the relationships between gender, class, and assessments of procedural justice are nuanced, with class playing a more pronounced role. Language: en
Electronic structure of disordered ternary alkali-graphite intercalation compounds

Abstract The density-of-states for the π and the metal/interlayer bands for K x Cs 1−x C 8 has been calculated as a function of composition using both the virtual crystal and the average t-matrix approximations. The results show a broadening and, for some compositions, a splitting of the sharp peaks in the valence and conduction band densities-of-states.
A lower bound for structuring element decompositions

A theoretical lower bound on the number of points required in the decomposition of morphological structuring elements is described. It is shown that the decomposition of an arbitrary N-point structuring element will require at least (3 ln N/ln 3)points. Using this lower bound it is possible to find the optimal decompositions (in terms of the minimum number of unions or the minimum number of points) for all one-dimensional connected line segments. L-dimensional rectangles may be decomposed by optimally decomposing the L one-dimensional line segments that describe the rectangle. >
Intestinal complications of nasojejunal feeding in low-birth-weight infants

Nasojejunal feeding was carried out in 13 low-birth-weight infants who were unable to receive oral feeding. Of the six infants who died, four had signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal disturbances. At autopsy, one infant had jejunojejunal intussusception and another had jejunal perforation. Although the relationship of nasojejunal feeding to the causes of death in these infants cannot be definitely established, our observations suggest that a controlled study to establish the safety of this procedure is warranted.
Percolation Models as a Basis of Material Failure

We use a paradigm of damage formation in a polycrystalline layer as a basis for development of percolation models of material failure. The model is set in the framework of a graph-representable microstructure with damage being confined to the honeycomb network of grain boundaries. Strengths of grain boundaries are assumed to be described by space-homogeneous statistics. A hierarchy of Markov random fields is introduced to grasp the attractive effects in the spread of damage between the first, second, third ... nearest neighbors. The simplest case in the hierarchy corresponds to a Bernoulli percolation, which can easily be solved. The higher cases of nontrivial Markov fields may be analyzed via a reduction to a problem of phase transition on a graph. While the focus here is on equilibrium reversible phenomena, various extensions to more realistic and richer models are possible.
Contributions of Music Video Exposure to Black Adolescents’ Gender and Sexual Schemas:

Although music videos feature prominently in the media diets of many adolescents, little is known of their impact on viewers’ conceptions of femininity and masculinity. Accordingly, this study exam...
Macrophage Tropism of HIV-1 Depends on Efficient Cellular dNTP Utilization by Reverse Transcriptase

Retroviruses utilize cellular dNTPs to perform proviral DNA synthesis in infected host cells. Unlike oncoretroviruses, which replicate in dividing cells, lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus, are capable of efficiently replicating in non-dividing cells (terminally differentiated macrophages) as well as dividing cells (i.e. activated CD4+ T cells). In general, non-dividing cells are likely to have low cellular dNTP content compared with dividing cells. Here, by employing a novel assay for cellular dNTP content, we determined the dNTP concentrations in two HIV-1 target cells, macrophages and activated CD4+ T cells. We found that human macrophages contained 130-250-fold lower dNTP concentrations than activated human CD4+ T cells. Biochemical analysis revealed that, unlike oncoretroviral reverse transcriptases (RTs), lentiviral RTs efficiently synthesize DNA even in the presence of the low dNTP concentrations equivalent to those found in macrophages. In keeping with this observation, HIV-1 vectors containing mutant HIV-1 RTs, which kinetically mimic oncoretroviral RTs, failed to transduce human macrophages despite retaining normal infectivity for activated CD4+ T cells and other dividing cells. These results suggest that the ability of HIV-1 to infect macrophages, which is essential to establishing the early pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection, depends, at least in part, on enzymatic adaptation of HIV-1 RT to efficiently catalyze DNA synthesis in limited cellular dNTP substrate environments.
Hormonal Regulation of Sertoli Cell Differentiation

This study was carried out to determine the possible hormone dependence of the postnatal changes on the cytological characteristics of the rat Sertoli cell. Neutralizing antisera to rat follicle stimulating hormone (AS/FSH) and sheep luteinizing hormone (AS/LII) were prepared in rabbits and made monospecific by suitable absorption. Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected from birth to 32 days with either AS/FSII, AS/LII, AS/Ll-I + testosterone propionate (TP), or normal rabbit serum (NRS). In control 33-day-old animals, Sertoli cells displayed most of the fine structural characteristics of the adult type. Their nuclei were highly infolded and showed an elaborate shape. Euchromatin was largely predominant with a few heterochromatic masses associated with the nuclear envelope or with the prominent nucleolus. The perinuclear area of cytoplasm was particularly rich in mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and Golgi complexes. Inter-Sertoli cell junctions were fully developed. After AS/LI-I treatment, the nuclei were reduced in size and adopted a smooth surface with very few infoldings. In addition, many clumps of heterochromatin were apparent close to the nuclear envelope and the number of the nucleoli was reduced. Sertoli cell cytoplasm was severely atrophied following AS/I-IL administration, showing sparse mitochondria, SER and Golgi profiles. Addition of TP to the AS/LI-I treatment failed to reverse these cytoplasmic changes but resulted in a reappearance of the membrane infoldings of the nuclear envelope and normal numbers of nucleoli. On the other hand, AS/FSFI treatment did not induce any apparent morphological change in the Sertoli cell nuclei. The cell volume was reduced but most of the cytoplasmic organelles were apparently present in normal numbers. However, extensively dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum containing floccular material were a common and impressive change. No modifications were detected in the Sertoli cell junctions in any of the experimental groups. ABP testicular and epididymal levels were diminished in both AS/FSH and AS/LH treated groups, but the reduction was more marked in the latter. ABP levels remained low when TP was administered with the AS/LI-I. These observations indicate that in the absence of LH morphological differentiation and growth of Sertoli cells are severely inhibited and that FSH withdrawal causes specific changes in the ER that may indicate a trophic action on it. The failure of TP to reverse the effects of AS/LH administration could be attributed to the possibly severe FSH inhibition induced by the high testosterone plasma levels.
Joint-space Kalman-based compensation for computation delays in leader-follower coordination of two manipulators

A predictive scheme to compensate for computation delays is developed. Since the research is heavily experimental a leader-follower coordination scheme is adopted because of its computational efficiency. The developed coordination and prediction algorithms are experimentally tested using a hierarchical multiprocessor architecture and two PUMA robot arms. The computation of desired follower arm joint positions consumes one sampling interval. Another sampling interval is lost due to the fact that a desired follower arm position has to be computed before it can be assumed. This is where Kalman-based prediction is used to compensate for these delays. >
The fallacy of the null hypothesis in soft psychology

In his classic article on the fallacy of the null hypothesis in soft psychology [J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 46 (1978)], Paul Meehl claimed that, in nonexperimental settings, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis of nil group differences in favor of a directional alternative was 0.50—a value that is an order of magnitude higher than the customary Type I error rate. In a series of real data simulations, using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Revised (MMPI-2) data collected from more than 80,000 individuals, I found strong support for Meehl’s claim.
SiC Power Devices

The present status of SiC high-voltage power switching devices is reviewed. The figures of merits that have been used for unipolar and bipolar devices to quantify the intrinsic performance improvement over silicon are presented. Analytical and numerical modeling and simulations to estimate the BV and device choice are described. The active area and termination design of trenched-gate MOS power transistors, together with an integrated process for their fabrication, is presented. The progress in high-voltage power device experimental demonstration is described. The material and process technology issues that need to be addressed for SiC device commercialization are discussed. Finally, the impact of SiC power devices on motor drive systems is estimated.
Genetic consequences of harvest in a mature second-growth stand of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.)

• This study investigated the short-term changes in neutral genetic variation that would occur if a mature, second-growth, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) stand was harvested following either a diameter-limited or value-limited cutting regime. • This research tested whether or not the neutral genetic variation within a natural stand of black walnut was disproportionately distributed within the larger or more valuable cohort of trees. To test this hypothesis a complete census of 278 trees from a black walnut stand in Indiana was genotyped using 12 highly polymorphic microsatellites. • Two types of simulated harvests were performed: (1) diameter-limit cuts, where every tree above a given diameter was removed; and (2) selective harvests based on value, where subsets of the most valuable trees were removed. Allelic diversity of the remaining population after each simulated harvest was compared to a corresponding distribution of outcomes from 10000 random harvests of equal intensity. • None of the simulated harvests resulted in a reduction of allelic diversity significantly greater than that expected under random harvest, indicating that the allelic diversity of the population was evenly distributed across the entire population. • These results indicated that typical harvest scenarios do not per se lead to loss of allelic diversity among trees for this species.
Video compression using quadtree segmentation and component quantization

The use of component quantizers to improve the coding gain of quadtree segmentation-based video coders is investigated. Quadtree segmentation is a hierarchical spatial data decomposition technique that represents different spatial resolutions at different levels of the tree. For video coding applications, the sample averages associated with each node region of the quadtree are quantized and transmitted. In the present work, the sample average distribution corresponding to each tree level is analyzed. The statistical analysis shows that the sample distribution differs from level to level. Thus, it is proposed that a component quantizer be used for the sample quantization. Its superiority over a single-source quantizer is demonstrated. >
Evidence against Collagen Activation of Platelet‐Associated Factor XI as a Mechanism for Initiating Intrinsic Clotting

Collagen activation of platelet-associated Factor XI has been proposed as a mechanism for initiating intrinsic clotting independent of Factor XII. Since this could explain the lack of bleeding in patients with hereditary Factor XII deficiency, pre-kallikrein deficiency and high molecular weight kininogen deficiency, we subjected the hypothesis to rigorous testing. Incubation of isolated platelets with collagen and calcium ions failed to generate activity shortening the clotting time of an acivated Factor XI (XIa) assay that had been modified to eliminate effects due to platelet-associated activated Factor V. Nor could generation of traces of Factor XIa in such mixtures be detected by incubation with purified Factor IX and testing for the generation of activated Factor IX (IXa) in clotting and amidolytic assays. Moreover, when blood or platelet-rich plasma containing added 125I-Factor IX was incubated with calcium ions and collagen and then subjected to reduced sodium.dodecyl sulfate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, the radioactivity profiles revealed only native 125I-Factor IX without evidence of the polypeptide chains of Factor IXa. The negative results of this study mitigate against the hypothesis that collagen activation of platelet-associated Factor XI represents a physiologically significant mechanism for initiating clotting independent of Factor XII.
Experimental study of internal fields and movement of single ferroelectric domain walls

Abstract We have made a direct and submicron scale measurement of the strain, internal electric field of single 180° domain walls in ferroelectric LiTaO 3 using a collection mode Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope. We unambiguously identify single domain walls by simultaneously recording nanometer scale topographic and optical images. The birefringence at the domain wall is used in the optical imaging. From the internal field structure we estimate the interface energy. We have also studied the pinning and movement of a single 180° domain wall under an uniform applied electric field. The domain wall was observed to curve between the pinning defects with a radius of curvature uniquely given by the material parameters and the applied electric field. The change in birefringence with applied field is related to the second order electro-optic and piezo-optic coefficients and is used to infer the orientation of the internal field.
Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling in a Patient with May-Hegglin Anomaly

There is a paucity of data about optimal perinatal management of patients with May-Hegglin anomaly. Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling was used in two separate pregnancies in a patient with this disorder to determine if a trial of labor could be allowed. The second infant inherited the disease, although cordocentesis at term revealed a normal fetal platelet count. There were no hemostatic complications in either infant. Our review of the pediatric literature failed to identify fetal or neonatal traumatic hemorrhage in patients with May-Hegglin anomaly. Therefore, percutaneous umbilical blood sampling seems unwarranted in patients with this disorder.
Developmental alterations associated with spontaneous cleft lip and palate in CL/Fr mice

Cleft lip with or without associated cleft palate [CL(P)], one of the most common human malformations, is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. To study the morphological manifestations of genetic factors in this interaction, we compared the embryonic development of the CL/Fr mouse strain (with a mean incidence of 36% spontaneous CL(P) in our colony) with that of the C57B1/6J mouse strain (with no CL(P) in our colony). Results from our scanning electron microscopic study demonstrated that, when compared with C57B1/6J embryos, CL/Fr embryos have several developmental differences including: (1) altered facial geometry, (2) depressed ability of the surface epithelium of primary-palate primordia to participate in the fusion process, and (3) variable hypoplasia of the lateral nasal prominences. We suggest that all of these alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of CL(P) in the CL/Fr mouse strain.
Chaperone Hsp27, a novel subunit of AUF1 protein complexes, functions in AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay

Controlled, transient cytokine production by monocytes depends heavily upon rapid mRNA degradation, conferred by 3' untranslated region-localized AU-rich elements (AREs) that associate with RNA-binding proteins. The ARE-binding protein AUF1 forms a complex with cap-dependent translation initiation factors and heat shock proteins to attract the mRNA degradation machinery. We refer to this protein assembly as the AUF1- and signal transduction-regulated complex, ASTRC. Rapid degradation of ARE-bearing mRNAs (ARE-mRNAs) requires ubiquitination of AUF1 and its destruction by proteasomes. Activation of monocytes by adhesion to capillary endothelium at sites of tissue damage and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine induction are prominent features of inflammation, and ARE-mRNA stabilization plays a critical role in the induction process. Here, we demonstrate activation-induced subunit rearrangements within ASTRC and identify chaperone Hsp27 as a novel subunit that is itself an ARE-binding protein essential for rapid ARE-mRNA degradation. As Hsp27 has well-characterized roles in protein ubiquitination as well as in adhesion-induced cytoskeletal remodeling and cell motility, its association with ASTRC may provide a sensing mechanism to couple proinflammatory cytokine induction with monocyte adhesion and motility.
Salicylate inhibition of cartilage degeneration.

Sodium salicylate significantly inhibits the ability of saline extracts of human articular cartilage to decrease the viscosity of chondromucoprotein. Two groups of rabbits were subjected to superficial scarification of their knee articular cartilage. Those rabbits receiving sodium salicylate in their diets did not develop many of the degenerative changes seen in the untreated animals. Salicylate inhibition of chondromucoprotein degradation in vitro and cartilage degeneration in vivo has been shown for the first time. Salicylato de natrium inhibi significativemente le capacitate de salin extractos ex human cartilagine articular de reducer le viscositate de chondromucoproteina. Duo gruppos de conilios esseva subjicite a un scarification superficial del cartilagine de lor articulationes de genu. Le conilios recipiente salicylato de natrium in lor dietas non disveloppava multes del alterationes degeneratori observate in le non-tractate animales. Le effecto inhibitori de salicylato super le degradation de chondromucoproteina in vitro e super le degeneration de cartilagine in vivo es hic reportate pro le prime vice.
Acrolein and Asthma Attack Prevalence in a Representative Sample of the United States Adult Population 2000 – 2009

Background Acrolein is an air toxic and highly potent respiratory irritant. There is little epidemiology available, but US EPA estimates that outdoor acrolein is responsible for about 75 percent of non-cancer respiratory health effects attributable to air toxics in the United States, based on the Agency's 2005 NATA (National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment) and acrolein's comparatively potent inhalation reference concentration of 0.02 µg/m3.
Vaginal Hemorrhage From Transobturator Sling Controlled With QuikClot Combat Gauze

ABSTRACTA 42-year-old woman underwent an outside-in transobturator sling procedure, with subsequent venous hemorrhage. Two rolls of Combat Gauze were placed intravaginally and taken out on postoperative day 2 with good hemostasis. Despite careful technique, hemorrhage is a known complication of midurethral slings. Advanced hemostatic dressings may provide hemorrhage control and avoid the need for surgical intervention. After an extensive literature review, we present the first case of QuikClot Combat Gauze used as a hemostatic agent due to vaginal hemorrhage.
Frequency of Le Fort I osteotomy after repaired cleft lip and palate or cleft palate.

Abstract Objective: Diminished maxillary growth is a consequence of labiopalatal repair, and many patients with cleft lip and palate require Le Fort I advancement. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of maxillary hypoplasia as measured by need for Le Fort I. Subjects: Retrospective cohort study of males born before 1987 and females before 1989. Records of 173 patients with cleft lip and palate and 34 with cleft palate were reviewed. Methods: Documented age, gender, cleft type, and need for Le Fort I. Pearson chi-square and Fischer's exact analyses were performed to evaluate the frequency of Le Fort I. Results: Of 217 patients with cleft lip and palate or cleft palate, 40 were syndromic; of the remaining 177 patients, 69 had cleft lip, 78 had cleft lip and palate, and 30 had cleft palate. Thirty-seven of 177 patients (20.9%) required Le Fort I, subcategorized by cleft type: 0/69 for cleft lip, 37/78 for cleft lip and palate, and 0/35 for cleft palate (p < .0001). Of the 37/78 (47.4%) clef...
The New Washington Consensus: Millennial Philanthropy and the Making of Global Market Subjects

This paper outlines the emergence of a New Washington Consensus associated with leading philanthropies of the new millennium. This emergent development paradigm by no means represents a historic break with the market rationalities of neoliberalism, nor does it represent a radical departure from older models of early 20th century philanthropy. Rather, it is new in its global ambition to foster resilient market subjects for a globalized world; and new in its employment of micro-market transformations to compensate for macro-market failures. Focusing on reforms pioneered by the new philanthropic partnerships in education and global health, the paper indicates how the targets of intervention are identified as communities that have been failed by both governments and markets. The resulting interventions are commonly justified in terms of “return on investment”. But the problems they target keep returning because the underlying causes of failure are left unaddressed.
Posterity and Embodiment

Our concern for the future and our conception of human nature have both a philosophical dimension and a public policy dimension. Which would be the better way to spend our next dollar: on life-extension or on artificial intelligence? Manned space-exploration or robotic space-exploration? Answering such public-policy questions involves confronting some deep philosophical mysteries. If you were only concerned for your own survival, would you prefer to have your brain transplanted into another body, or have your brain scanned and its information realized in the hardware of a durable, Turing-testable robot? Would it be better to live one long life without offspring, or a short life leaving generations of descendants? If personal superlongevity and normal fertility would lead to overcrowding, which should we choose? Does considering "existential threats" change how we should answer? This article explores the conceptual and empirical interdependencies of these seemingly disjoint questions.
Calcium-channel antagonists: mechanisms of action, vascular selectivities, and clinical relevance.

The calcium-channel antagonists represent three separate structural categories of drugs. They share a common action—the blockade of calcium-ion flow through one specific type of calcium channel. The chemical heterogeneity of these agents is reflected in their pharmacologic and therapeutic diversity. The calcium-channel antagonists enjoy significant use in cardiovascular medicine for the treatment of hypertension, angina, and some cardiac arrhythmias. However, the 1,4-dihydropyridines, the most potent antihypertensive calcium-channel blockers, lack antiarrhythmic properties. The selectivity of action of calcium-channel antagonists rests upon a number of factors, including pathways of calcium mobilization, types of channel activated, state-dependent interactions, and the pathological state of the tissue. A n understanding of these factors is important to the rational application of these drugs and to the development of newer agents with different specificities.
A Posteriori Anselmianism

I argue that Anselmians ought to abandon traditional Anselmianism in favor of Moderate Anselmianism. Moderate Anselmianism advances the view that a being x = God iff (i) for every essential property P of x, it is secondarily necessary that x has P, (ii) for most essential properties of x, it is not primarily necessary that x has P and (iii) the essential properties of x include omnipotence, omniscience, perfect goodness and necessary existence. Traditional Anselmians have no cogent response to most a priori atheological arguments. But a priori atheological arguments present no serious problem for moderate Anselmians. Unlike traditional Anselmianism, Moderate Anselmianism explains why a priori atheological arguments can be convincing and nonetheless illusory.
Focal and Patchy Perifasicular Involvement Differentiates the Anti-Jo1 Inflammatory Myopathy (IM) from Dermatomyositis (DM) (P3.125)

Objective: To describe specific histological features found in anti-Jo1 IM that differentiate it from DM. Background: Anti-jo1 IM and DM both affect the muscle in a predominantly perifascicular pattern. Anti-jo1 and DM are, however, distinct diseases and have different clinical and therapeutic implication. Differentiating between the two is necessary to help guide long term management and follow-up. Design/Methods: Seven patients with anti-Jo1 IM who underwent muscle biopsy were included. Clinical, laboratory features and electrophysiological findings were reviewed. Muscle biopsy was compared to 7 consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of DM done during the same period. Results: The clinical features in the anti-jo1 patients were as follows: proximal muscle weakness 7, interstitial lung disease 7, arthritis 3, fever 2, mechanic hands 1, and edema 1. None of the patients had skin rash characteristic of DM. Both anti-jo1 IM and DM had perifascicular muscle necrosis, regeneration, vacuolar changes and atrophy. In anti-jo1 IM, the changes were patchy and focal, even within the fascicles, in contrast to DM where the perifascicular involvement was diffuse. These changes were often restricted to a few fascicles, involved the most superficial layers and were skip lesions (involving some fibers, but sparing others at the same level). Conclusions: Perimysial fragmentation and necrotizing perifascicular myositis are features that have been described by others to differentiate anti-jo1 IM form DM. In addition we found that the changes in muscle biopsies of patients with Jo1-IM are focal and patchy (affect some fibers, where others are spared at the same level) and tend to affect the most superficial layers of the fascicles. Muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration is seen in acute stages, while muscle fiber atrophy develop later in the course of the disease. This pattern of perifascicular involvement can help differentiate anti-jo1 IM from DM. Disclosure: Dr. Chahin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karam has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for WriteClick.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Linear Motor Actuator for Driving High Voltage Circuit Breaker

A novel permanent magnet linear DC motor actuator with brake device for controlling high voltage circuit breaker is designed.The dynamic characteristics of its permanent magnet linear DC motor are analyzed,and a simulation model of the mo-tor is established by using the finite element method based on the mechanical property requirements of 40.5 kV VCB.The funda-mental dynamic characteristics of the permanent magnet linear DC motor and its starting performance are simulated to obtain the electromagnetic force,current,and speed curves.Therefore,the mechanical properties of the motor actuator are achieved.
Antigens for γ/δ T cells

Presentation des donnees recentes concernant le role du recepteur gamma/delta des cellules T dans la reponse immunitaire. Les resultats d'activation des clones de cellules T possedant ce recepteur par des proteines HSP60 de mycobacteries sembleraient suggerer une implication dans l'immunite vis-a-vis de ces organismes. Toutefois la tres forte homologie entre les proteines de choc thermique permet d'envisager une fonction beaucoup plus large pour ce recepteur. Le probleme de la restriction au complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite est aborde. Malgre les resultats contradictoires concernant ce dernier sujet, il semble que le role du recepteur γ/δ soit en passe d'etre rapidement elucide
Nonlinear adaptive control design and controller integrity monitoring for quadrotor UAVs

This paper presents a nonlinear adaptive fault-tolerant control algorithm for accommodating actuator faults in quadrotor UAVs and an online controller integrity method for assuring safety of adaptive control system in the presence of controller software faults. The actuator faults considered in this paper are modeled as partial losses of effectiveness in one of the rotors. Using adaptive backstepping techniques, a nonlinear indirect adaptive controller is designed for the quadrotor altitude and attitude system. The adaptive control algorithm guarantees closed-loop system stability and asymptotic tracking performance even in the presence of actuator faults. However, the occurrence of faults in the embedded adaptive control software may lead to unstable adaptation behaviors and malfunctions of the control algorithm. Based on Lyapunov stability criterion, an online controller integrity monitoring method is developed to detect such controller software faults. Adaptive thresholds for software fault detection are derived, ensuring the robustness with respect to fault parameter approximation error. The proposed adaptive controller and the controller integrity monitoring algorithm are implemented and evaluated using a real-time indoor quadrotor test environment.
The Churchill Years: October 26, 1951, to April 7, 1955

Winston Churchill rose slowly from the green leather benches of the House of Commons to place his hands lightly on the dispatch box. It was more than six years since he last stood in the chamber as prime minister and now he faced a distinctly different crowd. Rather than a national coalition government with Clement Attlee sitting at his right hand as deputy prime minister and Socialists as well as Liberals and Conservatives placed solidly behind him, he stared across the aisle at a hostile and partisan Labour Party, many of whom had never served under him or with him through the shared experience of World War. They were thus more concerned with what Churchill believed to be cheap party tricks than with the national interest. More than anything else, this new parliamentary intake demonstrated that the political landscape of postwar Britain had changed forever.
Silicon-Based Dual-Pumped Degenerate Kerr Oscillator

We demonstrate frequency-degenerate optical parametric oscillation (OPO) via dual-pump four-wave mixing in a silicon-nitride microresonator. The system offers potential for realization of a network of coupled OPO’s for coherent optical computing.
Structure and Properties of the Clathrin-Coated Vesicle and Yeast Vacuolar V-ATPases

The V-ATPases are a family of ATP-dependent proton pumps responsible foracidification of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. This reviewfocuses on the the V-ATPases from clathrin-coated vesicles and yeastvacuoles. The V-ATPase of clathrin-coated vesicles is a precursor to thatfound in endosomes and synaptic vesicles, which function in receptorrecycling, intracellular membrane traffic, and neurotransmitter uptake. Theyeast vacuolar ATPase functions to acidify the central vacuole and to drivevarious coupled transport processes across the vacuolar membrane. TheV-ATPases are composed of two functional domains. The V1 domain isa 570-kDa peripheral complex composed of eight subunits of molecular weight70—14 kDa (subunits A—H) that is responsible for ATP hydrolysis.The V0 domain is a 260-kDa integral complex composed of fivesubunits of molecular weight 100—17 kDa (subunits a, d, c, c8 and c9)that is responsible for proton translocation. Using chemical modification andsite-directed mutagenesis, we have begun to identify residues that play arole in ATP hydrolysis and proton transport by the V-ATPases. A centralquestion in the V-ATPase field is the mechanism by which cells regulatevacuolar acidification. Several mechanisms are described that may play a rolein controlling vacuolar acidification in vivo. One mechanisminvolves disulfide bond formation between cysteine residues located at thecatalytic nucleotide binding site on the 70-kDa A subunit, leading toreversible inhibition of V-ATPase activity. Other mechanisms includereversible assembly and dissociation of V1 and V0domains, changes in coupling efficiency of proton transport and ATPhydrolysis, and regulation of the activity of intracellular chloride channelsrequired for vacuolar acidification.
Families’ Views on Discontinuing Anticonvulsants

The opinions of families of 76 children with epilepsy (>3 months seizure-free) and their 4 physician epilepsy specialists regarding acceptable risks of seizure recurrence (RSR) after AED withdrawal were investigated by questionnaire at the IWK Children’s Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Hey big spender! A golden (color) atmospheric effect on tipping behavior

This research examines how gold-related color in atmospherics might influence customer tipping behavior at restaurants. A series of five studies shows that the color gold (as opposed to other colors) in a service atmosphere positively influences consumer tipping. First, a field experiment (Study 1) demonstrates that customers presented with a gold-colored (vs. black-colored) service prop (i.e., bill folder) leave larger tips. Study 2 further confirms this effect of the color gold by validating the findings of Study 1 with a different service prop (i.e., tablecloth). Process evidence demonstrates the underlying mechanism of this effect, whereby a gold-colored service prop increases tipping by influencing status perceptions about the restaurant and the self (Study 3). Additional studies further confirm this by ruling out novelty of the color in this mechanism (Study 4) and by highlighting the effect of status on tipping through status priming (Study 5). The findings of this research have implications for strategic use of color in servicescape design and atmospherics in general.
Review of Time Series Analysis and Its Applications With R Examples (3rd Edition), by Robert H. Shumway & David S. Stoffer

The earlier edition of Time Series Analysis and Its Applications With R Examples was the textbook used in the two-semester graduate courses I took with Dr. Robert H. Shumway in graduate school. In ...
Incremental short daily home hemodialysis: a case series.

Patients starting dialysis often have substantial residual kidney function. Incremental hemodialysis provides a hemodialysis prescription that supplements patients’ residual kidney function while maintaining total (residual + dialysis) urea clearance (standard Kt/Vurea) targets. We describe our experience with incremental hemodialysis in patients using NxStage System One for home hemodialysis. From 2011 to 2015, we initiated 5 incident hemodialysis patients on an incremental home hemodialysis regimen. The biochemical parameters of all patients remained stable on the incremental hemodialysis regimen and they consistently achieved standard Kt/Vurea targets. Of the two patients with follow-up >6 months, residual kidney function was preserved for ≥2 years. Importantly, the patients were able to transition to home hemodialysis without automatically requiring 5 sessions per week at the outset and gradually increased the number of treatments and/or dialysate volume as the residual kidney function declined. An incremental home hemodialysis regimen can be safely prescribed and may improve acceptability of home hemodialysis. Reducing hemodialysis frequency by even one treatment per week can reduce the number of fistula or graft cannulations or catheter connections by >100 per year, an important consideration for patient well-being, access longevity, and access-related infections. The incremental hemodialysis approach, supported by national guidelines, can be considered for all home hemodialysis patients with residual kidney function.
Fagnano Orbits of Polygonal Dual Billiards

Given a convex n-gon P , a Fagnano periodic orbit of the respective dual billiard map is an n-gon Q whose sides are bisected by the vertices of P. For which polygons P does the ratio AreaQ=AreaP have the minimal value? The answer is shown to be: for affine-regular polygons. Mathematics Subject Classification ( 1991): 52-XX. The aim of this note is to provide a dual billiard counterpart to E. Gutkin's results ((2)) on Fagnano billiard orbits. Although the results and proofs in this note are quite elementary, I hope to attract the reader's attention to the lesser known dy- namical system, the dual (a.k.a. outer) billiard which is, in many ways, similar to, and sometimes easier to study than the conventional billiard. One plays the game of dual billiard outside (rather than inside) the billiard table. Let the table be a convex polygon P in the plane and x a point in its exterior (but not on the continuation of either of its sides). There are two support lines to P through x; choose the right one, as viewed from x, and reflect x in the support vertex of P to obtain the image of x under the dual billiard map, denoted by T in Figure 1. Clearly, the dual billiard map is a central symmetry in each component of its domain. The infinite orbit of a point x under this map is defined if none of the images or preimages ofx belongs to the continuation of a side of the polygon P ; the set of such 'good' points has full measure. Notice that the dual billiard map is equivariant under affine transformations of the plane. The definition extends to other convex billiard tables (say, ovals); remarkably, the dual billiard map is area preserving. The interested reader is referred to the sur- veys (7-8) where, in particular, he will find an explanation of the duality between usual and dual billiards and a discussion of multi-dimensional dual billiards. Before going into discussion of Fagnano dual billiard orbits, the actual topic of the note, mention a few facts about polygonal dual billiards. If P is ar ational polygon then every orbit is periodic. For a wider class of polygons, described in (3, 6) and including affine-regular polygons, every orbit of the dual billiard map stays bounded, but it is not known whether this holds true for all polygons (see (5)). It is not known either whether the dual billiard map has periodic orbits for every polygon P. The orbits of the polygonal dual billiard map can be infinite as