cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating and Intervening in the Trauma of Solitary Confinement: A Social Work Perspective

Clinical social work has yet to address the trauma that prisoners experience from solitary confinement. This paper examines the relationship between trauma and solitary confinement from a social work perspective. The conservation of resources (COR) theory and structural racism provide frameworks from which clinical social workers can evaluate and intervene in the traumatic effects of solitary confinement for prisoners. A review of the literature suggests that few concrete interventions exist for clinical social workers to provide evidence-based treatments to prisoners traumatized by the experience of solitary confinement. The effectiveness of nature imagery, Clinical Alternative to Punitive Segregation (CAPS), and the Sanctuary Model for treating the trauma of solitary confinement are reviewed and evaluated based on their alignment with the COR theory of PTSD development, as well as their ability to address structural racism. This paper concludes with implications for both practice and policy and suggestions for future research to ensure that clinical social workers are prepared to advocate for clinical and policy measures that both alleviate the suffering of this vulnerable population and lay the groundwork for the abolition of solitary confinement all together.
General-Purpose Privacy Regulation and Translational Genomics

At one time, specialized health privacy laws represented the bulk of the rules regulating genetic privacy, Today, however, as both the field of genomics and the content of privacy law change rapidly, a new generation of general-purpose privacy laws may impose new restrictions on collection, storage, and disclosure of genetic data. This article surveys these laws and considers implications.
Blockade of macrophage adhesion to CD200‐treated polystyrene culture surface

CD200 is an anti-inflammatory transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. The interaction of CD200 and its receptor CD200R has shown to inhibit inflammatory response of myeloid cells to foreign materials. The purpose of this study is to create a CD200 immobilized biomaterial surface through polydopamine coating to suppress macrophage cell adhesion and reduce inflammatory cytokine secretion accordingly by macrophages. In this study, tissue-culture treated polystyrene (TCPS) surface was modified with biotin through polydopamine coating. Purified CD200-streptavidin fusion protein was then immobilized onto the biotinylated TCPS surface through the high affinity between biotin and streptavidin. Mouse J774A.1 macrophages were seeded on CD200-immobilized TCPS surface to evaluate the effect of CD200 on preventing macrophage attachment. The effects of CD200-immobilized TCPS surface on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from J774A.1 macrophages were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As a result, CD200-immobilized TCPS surface suppressed macrophage attachment for up to 9 hr. The level of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted from J774A.1 macrophages interacted with CD200-coated TCPS surface was reduced by 36.3% and 32.4%, respectively.
Hitting the Target: Natural History of the Hip Based on Achieving an Acetabular Safe Zone Following Periacetabular Osteotomy.

Background Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) remains the gold-standard treatment for acetabular dysplasia in skeletally mature patients with preserved cartilage. The purpose of this multicenter cohort study was to delineate the long-term radiographic natural history of the dysplastic hip following PAO based on the final position of the acetabular fragment. Methods We evaluated patients who underwent PAO performed by 4 hip preservation surgeons to treat acetabular dysplasia with or without concomitant retroversion from 1996 to 2012 at 3 academic institutions. There were 288 patients with a mean clinical and radiographic follow-up of 9 years (range, 5 to 21 years). Postoperative radiographs made at the first clinical visit were used to determine if the acetabular fragment fell into a safe zone according to the absence of retroversion, a lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) of 25° to 40°, an anterior center-edge angle (ACEA) of 25° to 40°, and a Tonnis angle of 0° to 10°. Every available subsequent radiograph was assessed for degenerative changes by the Tonnis classification (grades 0 to 3). The time to progression was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression and multistate modeling. Results Only the absence of retroversion was independently associated with a decreased risk of progressing at least 1 Tonnis grade during follow-up: hazard ratio (HR), 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38 to 0.94; p = 0.025). Achieving the ACEA safe zone yielded the greatest time increase for remaining in Tonnis grade 0 or 1 (43 years for having an ACEA in the safe zone compared with 28 years for not having an ACEA in the safe zone), followed by the absence of retroversion (34 years for the absence of retroversion compared with 24 years for the presence of retroversion). However, attaining the Tonnis angle or LCEA safe zones did not delay progression. The achievement of additional safe zones generally increased the length of time that patients spent in Tonnis grade 0 or 1: 25 years for 0 safe zones, 36 years for 1 safe zone, 29 years for 2 safe zones, 37 years for 3 safe zones, and 44 years for 4 safe zones. Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of achieving appropriate acetabular reorientation to enhance the longevity of the native hip following PAO. Although the LCEA and the Tonnis angle are the most common metrics used to assess appropriate acetabular correction, this study shows that adequately addressing retroversion and the ACEA has a greater impact on improving the natural history. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Unknown Delay for Adversarial Bandit Setting with Multiple Play.

This paper addresses the problem of unknown delays in adversarial multi-armed bandit (MAB) with multiple play. Existing work on similar game setting focused on only the case where the learner selects an arm in each round. However, there are lots of applications in robotics where a learner needs to select more than one arm per round. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate the effect of delay when multiple arms are chosen. The multiple arms chosen per round in this setting are such that they experience the same amount of delay. There can be an aggregation of feedback losses from different combinations of arms selected at different rounds, and the learner is faced with the challenge of associating the feedback losses to the arms producing them. To address this problem, this paper proposes a delayed exponential, exploitation and exploration for multiple play (DEXP3.M) algorithm. The regret bound is only slightly worse than the regret of DEXP3 already proposed for the single play setting with unknown delay.
Structural analysis of ternary complexes of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Deoxyribonuclease I footprinting of defined complexes.

The structure and properties of ternary complexes of RNA polymerase are of central importance in understanding the mechanisms of transcriptional elongation and termination, and the regulation of these primary steps in gene expression. However, there has been no systematic study of the structure and properties of such complexes along a single transcription unit. Recently, we have described the isolation of a collection of halted ternary complexes of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase bearing transcripts from 11 to 35 nucleotides in length along two different transcription units (accompanying paper). Here, we report structural studies of these complexes using DNase I footprinting. Surprisingly, nearly all of the different ternary complexes have distinctly different footprints along the two DNA strands, and the position of the footprint relative to the 3′ end of the transcript also varies for most complexes. Halted complexes bearing transcripts of comparable size do not have identical footprints; hence, DNA sequence as well as transcript length plays a role in determining the size and position of the footprint. These differences in structure are consistent with our earlier findings that ternary complexes can differ considerably in stability and gel mobility. The downstream boundary of the RNA polymerase in ternary complexes does not move forward regularly as successive nucleotide residues are added to the RNA chain. In contrast, the upstream boundary moves forward more or less in concert with the movement of the 3′ terminus of the transcript. These factors lead to a general compression of the overall footprint as transcription proceeds, together with a steady movement of the 3′ terminus of the RNA toward the downstream boundary of the polymerase. Ultimately, after the length of the RNA transcript has increased from eight to ten nucleotides, the downstream boundary of the complex is found to move downstream along the DNA, suggesting a translocation event. We suggest that RNA chain elongation, like RNA chain initiation, may involve a saltatory process in which net translocation of the complex along the DNA occurs only after addition of a number of ribonucleotides to the RNA chain.
Clinical interpretation and importance of the fetal heart sounds during labor

Abstract Analysis of 200 consecutive private obstetric cases on the basis of the fetal heart rate during labor, showed that as the heart rate was found to be slowed from a normal rate of 120 or above, to 100, or further slowed to a rate persisting below 100, there was an increasing proportion of babies showing partial asphyxia at birth and an increasing incidence of intra and postnatal deaths from asphyxia. The use of forceps to deliver babies showing evidence of impending asphyxia did not increase the incidence of partial asphyxia at birth or cause fetal mortality after birth, probably due to the fact that in the majority of these cases, the head was already on the perineum or partly crowned and could be delivered with comparative ease.
WHERE GRAMMAR MEETS CONTEXT: TEACHING PRAGMATICS IN L2 FRENCH

Language teaching traditionally focuses on grammar, often ignoring the effects of the context within which it is used. A recent study (Work, 2010) of the interaction of discourse context (pragmatics) with the selection of appropriate grammatical structures (syntax) shows this to be a source of problems for learners. This paper presents cross-sectional and cross-linguistic classroom data from 143 instructed English-speaking second language (L2) learners of Spanish and French of different proficiency levels as well as from 13 native speakers (NS) examining null and postverbal subjects in Spanish, subject dislocation and c’est clefts in French and object clitic left dislocation (CLLD) in both languages. The results indicate that the interface structures investigated were vulnerable, that is, particularly subject to learner error. Overall, learners showed significant differences from NS in the production and perception of these structures. Even advanced learners demonstrated a wide range of discourse-pragmatic proficiency. Contact with the target language alone has not been found to be sufficient to acquire accurate language use in context and instruction in pragmatics has been found to be successful (Bouton, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994; Bardovi-Harlig, 2001; Kasper, 1997, 2001). Based on this research and current theories of L2 acquisition, and in an effort to connect theory with practice, instructional units of integrated and sequenced classroom activities for improving pragmatic competence were developed. These units are composed of awareness activities, plentiful authentic language input, interpretation and analysis, and finally production activities.
Exploring the relationship between age and tenure with length of disability

Background The aging of the workforce, coupled with the changing nature of career tenure has raised questions about the impact of these trends on work disability. This study aimed to determine if age and tenure interact in relating to work disability duration. Methods Relationships were investigated using random effects models with 239,359 work disability claims occurring between 2008 and 2012. Results A 17-day difference in the predicted length of disability was observed from ages 25 to 65. Tenure moderated the relationship between age and length of disability. At younger ages, the length of disability decreased as tenure increased, but at older age, the length of disability increased as tenure increased. Discussion Results indicate that although there is a relationship between length of disability and tenure, age makes a greater unique contribution to explaining variance in length of disability. Future research is needed to better understand why specifically age shows a strong relationship with length of disability and why that relationship varies with age. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:974–987, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survivable multipath traffic grooming in telecom mesh networks with inverse multiplexing

We investigate the survivable traffic grooming problem with inverse multiplexing in next-generation SONET/SDH networks employing wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). A key feature of next-generation SONET/SDH networks is the inverse-multiplexing feature. With support of virtual concatenation (VCAT), a connection of any bandwidth can be provisioned as several sub-connections (i.e., inverse-multiplexed) over diverse paths. How to efficiently protect and groom these low-speed sub-connections onto high-capacity wavelength channel, considering the typical constraints, is an important and interesting problem. We propose and investigate the characteristics of survivable multipath traffic grooming with connection-level protection in telecom mesh networks. Our results indicate that (1) the network performance can be notably improved by exploiting the inverse-multiplexing capability, (2) tight constraints have negative impact on performance, and (3) use of a single primary path after multipath failure is helpful to reduce the impact of constraints.
Realistic affective forecasting: The role of personality

Affective forecasting often drives decision-making. Although affective forecasting research has often focused on identifying sources of error at the event level, the present investigation draws upon the "realistic paradigm" in seeking to identify factors that similarly influence predicted and actual emotions, explaining their concordance across individuals. We hypothesised that the personality traits neuroticism and extraversion would account for variation in both predicted and actual emotional reactions to a wide array of stimuli and events (football games, an election, Valentine's Day, birthdays, happy/sad film clips, and an intrusive interview). As hypothesised, individuals who were more introverted and neurotic anticipated, correctly, that they would experience relatively more unpleasant emotional reactions, and those who were more extraverted and less neurotic anticipated, correctly, that they would experience relatively more pleasant emotional reactions. Personality explained 30% of the concordance between predicted and actual emotional reactions. Findings suggest three purported personality processes implicated in affective forecasting, highlight the importance of individual-differences research in this domain, and call for more research on realistic affective forecasts.
Muon Diffusion in Noble Metals

We have measured diffusion-induced muon depolarization in dilute AgGd and AgEr in the temperature range 200–700 K and have thereby determined the muon diffusion parameters in Ag. The diffusion parameters for μ+ in Cu, Ag, and Au are compared with those of hydrogen. For Ag and Au, the μ+ parameters are similar to those of hydrogen, whereas for Cu, the μ+ parameters are much smaller. Lattice-activated tunneling and over-barrier hopping are investigated with computational models.
S‐100 Protein Positivity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: An Uncommon Finding

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a small round cell tumor which does not characteristically stain with S-100 protein. We report a case of an 83 year-old male with a two-month history of an ulcerated nodule on the right arm. Histopathology revealed small blue round cells arrayed in a trabecular pattern and in diffuse sheets, with scattered mitoses and necrosis. The cells were negative for vimentin, positive for NSE, focally positive for high molecular weight cytokeratins and diffusely positive for low molecular weight cytokeratins, including CK20. The findings were diagnostic of MCC, however, foci of S-100 protein positive cells were also present in the tumor. Upon reviewing cases from Skin Pathology Laboratory at BUSM received between 1/1/2000 to 7/30/2004, we documented a total of 34 cases diagnosed as MCC; 24 were stained with S-100 protein and this case was the only one that stained positively. S-100 protein positivity of MCC, while having been previously reported, is an uncommon finding. We report our case to stress the importance of morphological and immunoperioxidase features for the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma, particularly in the exceptional cases which exhibit S-100 protein positivity.
Detecting latent cross-platform API violations

Many APIs enable cross-platform system development by abstracting over the details of a platform, allowing application developers to write one implementation that will run on a wide variety of platforms. Unfortunately, subtle differences in the behavior of the underlying platforms make cross-platform behavior difficult to achieve. As a result, applications using these APIs can be plagued by bugs difficult to observe before deployment. These portability bugs can be particularly difficult to diagnose and fix because they arise from the API implementation, the operating system, or hardware, rather than application code. This paper describes CheckAPI, a technique for detecting violations of cross-platform portability. CheckAPI compares an application's interactions with the API implementation to its interactions with a partial specification-based API implementation, and does so efficiently enough to be used in real production systems and at runtime. CheckAPI finds latent errors that escape pre-release testing. This paper discusses the subtleties of different kinds of API calls and strategies for effectively producing the partial implementations. Validating CheckAPI on JavaScript, the Seattle project's Repy VM, and POSIX detects dozens of violations that are confirmed bugs in widely-used software.
Examination of Drago's EB and CB Parameters for Phosphines through the Quantitative Analysis of Ligand Effects (QALE)

Comparison of pairs of physiochemical properties of phosphines and their complexes demonstrates that, in general, at least four independent stereoelectronic parameters are in general required to describe the variations in these properties. Consequently, any two-parameter model such as Drago's E/C model will have limited use in correlation analyses involving phosphines. The QALE analysis of EB and CB shows that these parameters are linear combinations of the QALE parameters χ and θ, with a small contribution from Ear. Thus, successful application of the E/C model will be restricted to the situation where the property being analyzed depends primarily on χ and θ.
Interactions between the peripheral site and the acylation site in acetylcholinesterase

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyzes its physiological substrate acetylcholine at one of the highest known catalytic rates. Two sites of ligand interaction have been identified: an acylation site or A-site at the base of the active site gorge, and a peripheral site or P-site at its mouth. Despite a wealth of information about the AChE structure and the role of specific residues in catalysis, an understanding of the catalytic mechanism and the role of the P-site has lagged far behind. In recent years we have clarified how the P- and A-sites interact to promote catalysis. Our studies have revealed that the P-site mediates substrate trapping and that ligand binding to the P-site can result in steric blockade of the A-site as well as allosteric activation. We have demonstrated this activation only for the acylation step of the catalytic reaction, but others have proposed that it involves the deacylation step. To investigate this point, we have measured the reaction of carbamoyl esters (carbamates) with AChE. With these slowly hydrolyzed substrates, the carbamoylation (acylation) and decarbamoylation (deacylation) steps can be resolved and analyzed separately. Carbamoylcholine is one of the closest structural analogs of acetylcholine, and we monitored these steps in continuous mixed assays with acetylthiocholine as a reporter substrate. At high concentrations of carbamoylcholine, decarbamoylation was inhibited but no activation of carbamoylation was observed. However, high concentrations of acetylthiocholine had no effect on the decarbamoylation rate constants. We concluded that the binding of acetylthiocholine to the P-site does not activate deacylation reactions.
Physical Properties and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Thyme Oil Nanoemulsions: Influence of Ripening Inhibitors

Thyme oil-in-water nanoemulsions (pH 3.5) were prepared as potential antimicrobial delivery systems. The nanoemulsions were highly unstable to droplet growth and phase separation, which was attributed to Ostwald ripening due to the relatively high water solubility of thyme oil. Ostwald ripening could be inhibited by mixing thyme oil with a water-insoluble ripening inhibitor (≥60 wt % corn oil or ≥50 wt % MCT in the lipid phase) before homogenization, yielding nanoemulsions with good physical stability. Physically stable thyme oil nanoemulsions were examined for their antimicrobial activities against an acid-resistant spoilage yeast, Zygosaccharomyces bailii (ZB). Oil phase composition (ripening inhibitor type and concentration) had an appreciable influence on the antimicrobial activity of the thyme oil nanoemulsions. In general, increasing the ripening inhibitor levels in the lipid phase reduced the antimicrobial efficacy of nanoemulsions. For example, for nanoemulsions containing 60 wt % corn oil in the lipid phase, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thyme oil to inhibit ZB growth was 375 μg/mL, while for nanoemulsions containing 90 wt % corn oil in the lipid phase, even 6000 μg/mL thyme oil could not inhibit ZB growth. This effect is also dependent on ripening inhibitor types: at the same concentration in the lipid phase, MCT decreased the antimicrobial efficacy of thyme oil more than corn oil. For instance, when the level of ripening inhibitor in the lipid phase was 70 wt %, the MICs of thyme oil for nanoemulsions containing corn oil and MCT were 750 and 3000 μg/mL, respectively. The results of this study have important implications for the design and utilization of nanoemulsions as antimicrobial delivery systems in the food and other industries.
Dynamical generation of extended objects in a ( 1 + 1 ) -dimensional chiral field theory: Nonperturbative Dirac operator resolvent analysis

We analyze the $(1+1)$-dimensional Nambu\char21{}Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model nonperturbatively. In addition to its simple ground-state saddle points, the effective action of this model has a rich collection of nontrivial saddle points in which the composite fields $\ensuremath{\sigma}(x)=〈\ensuremath{\psi}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\psi}〉$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}(x)=〈\ensuremath{\psi}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}i{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}\ensuremath{\psi}〉$ form static space-dependent configurations because of nontrivial dynamics. These configurations may be viewed as one-dimensional chiral ``bags.'' We start our analysis of such configurations by asking what kind of initially static ${\ensuremath{\sigma}(x),\ensuremath{\pi}(x)}$ background configurations will remain so under fermionic back reaction. By simply looking at the asymptotic spatial behavior of the expectation value of the fermion number current we show, independently of the large-$N$ limit, that a necessary condition for this situation to occur is that ${\ensuremath{\sigma}(x),\ensuremath{\pi}(x)}$ give rise to a reflectionless Dirac operator. We provide an explicit formula for the diagonal resolvent of the Dirac operator in a reflectionless ${\ensuremath{\sigma}(x),\ensuremath{\pi}(x)}$ background which produces a prescribed number of bound states. We analyze in detail the cases of a single as well as two bound states. We explicitly check that these reflectionless backgrounds may be tuned such that the large-$N$ saddle-point condition is satisfied. Thus, in the case of the NJL model, reflectionlessness is also sufficient to assure the time independence of the background. In our view, these facts make our work conceptually simpler than the previous work of Shei and of Dashen, Hasslacher, and Neveu which were based on the inverse scattering formalism. Our method of finding such nontrivial static configurations may be applied to other $(1+1)$-dimensional field theories.
Knowledge Networks: How Independence and Subject Matter Experts Can Influence Project Reviews

Abstract:In today's dynamic competitive business environment, project reviews are fundamental for most organizations ability to complete their projects successfully; however, it is important to know how to execute project reviews effectively. One important quality of an effective project review is the independence of its reviewers—the central focus of this article. Through four case studies chosen from different scenarios, we have shown that, despite independence being an important quality of project reviews, most organizations choose reviewers who are within their own social network. This issue can partially be resolved by the use of knowledge network theory and analysis (KNA), which will help us characterize relationships which can significantly influence the effective execution of project reviews.
NMR structural analysis of a modular threading tetraintercalator bound to DNA.

The synthesis and NMR structural studies are reported for a modular threading tetraintercalator bound to DNA. The tetraintercalator design is based on 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic naphthalene diimide units connected through flexible peptide linkers. Aided by an overall C2 symmetry, NMR analysis verified a threading polyintercalation mode of binding, with linkers alternating in the order minor groove, major groove, minor groove, analogous to how a snake might climb a ladder. This study represents the first NMR analysis of a threading tetraintercalator and, as such, structurally characterizes a new topology for molecules that bind to relatively long DNA sequences with extensive access to both DNA grooves.
Varieties of errors produced by aphasic patients in phonemic cueing

Abstract This study investigated the types of verbal errors produced by aphasic patients when phonemic cueing was administered. Subjects consisted of 40 aphasic patients-10 each of Broca's, conduction, Wernicke's and anomic aphasics. Phonemic cueing was employed following failure to name on confrontation. Prior to phonemic cueing the most frequent naming errors were related words in Broca's aphasics, multiple responses and extended circumlocutions in Wernicke's aphasics, related words and multiple responses in conduction aphasics and related words in anomic aphasics. These errors predominated prior to correct and incorrect response to cueing. A separate analysis examined naming errors surrounding unsuccessful cueing response. In these instances the prevalence of related words and inadequate responses prior to cueing shifted to a significantly greater proportion of phonemic errors, semantic-phonemic errors, multiple responses and neologisms following cueing. These patterns of performance suggest that phone...
Relationships Among the Parameters of Milk Production, Constituent Production, and Constituent Percentage

Abstract A method of flnding the parameters pertaining to one of the variables of milk production, constituent production, and constituent percentage when the parameters pertaining to the two other variables are known is presented. The method is based on the expectation of products of random variables. This method and the delta approximation method are compared to sampling estimates from simulated data.
Point defects in Ce-doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystal scintillators

Defect properties of Ce-doped and undoped ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ (YAG) crystals were studied by Doppler broadening of positron annihilation $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays and thermoluminescence (TL) as a function of temperature $(25--300\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C})$. The positron diffusion length ${L}_{+}$ was evaluated mainly from the $S$ parameter versus positron energy. Compared with undoped YAG, Ce-doped YAG has a smaller positron diffusion length, due to its higher density of defects. ${L}_{+}$ in Ce-doped YAG decreases with increasing temperature up to $100\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, and then increases with temperature. The TL intensity in Ce-doped YAG shows the opposite behavior to ${L}_{+}$. The results indicate that point defects probed by positrons may be responsible for the energy transfer to Ce ions and TL intensity. Possible defects detected by positrons are negatively charged or neutral defects related to impurity antisites, cation vacancies, and vacancy complexes.
Civil Society and the Sexual Politics of Difference

This paper discusses the sexual politics of anti-normalization within the context of the sociological discussions of civil society and the public sphere. The sexual politics of anti-normalization is less centered around “identity” as a means of securing group solidarity and representing sexual communities in civil society. A politics of anti-normalization comprehends identity as a means of normalizing and regulating sexual desire and difference. Anti-normalization entails the politicization of ethical-moral issues concerning sex and desire and the production of sexual differences beyond the usual opposition of heterosexuality to homosexuality. I discuss the ways that the theoretical discourses on civil society reduce conceptions of difference to identity and develop a framework for analyzing the sexual politics of difference “beyond identity” in the public sphere.
Integration questions related to fractional Brownian motion

Let {B H (u)} u ∈ℝ be a fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with index H∈(0, 1) and (B H ) be the closure in L 2(Ω) of the span Sp(B H ) of the increments of fBm B H . It is well-known that, when B H = B 1/2 is the usual Brownian motion (Bm), an element X∈ (B 1/2) can be characterized by a unique function f X ∈L 2(ℝ), in which case one writes X in an integral form as X = ∫ℝ f X (u)dB 1/2(u). From a different, though equivalent, perspective, the space L 2(ℝ) forms a class of integrands for the integral on the real line with respect to Bm B 1/2. In this work we explore whether a similar characterization of elements of (B H ) can be obtained when H∈ (0, 1/2) or H∈ (1/2, 1). Since it is natural to define the integral of an elementary function f = ∑ k =1 n f k 1 [uk,uk+1) by ∑ k =1 n f k (B H (u k +1) −B H (u k )), we want the spaces of integrands to contain elementary functions. These classes of integrands are inner product spaces. If the space of integrands is not complete, then it characterizes only a strict subset of (B H ). When 0<H<1/2, by using the moving average representation of fBm B H , we construct a complete space of integrands. When 1/2<H<1, however, an analogous construction leads to a space of integrands which is not complete. When 0<H<1/2 or 1/2<H<1, we also consider a number of other spaces of integrands. While smaller and henceincomplete, they form a natural choice and are convenient to workwith. We compare these spaces of integrands to the reproducing kernel Hilbert space of fBm.
An ultra low energy 9T half-select-free subthreshold SRAM bitcell

Operating both logic and memory at subthreshold supply voltages reduces energy dissipation for portable medical devices where battery life is critical. In this paper, we propose a 9T half-select-free subthreshold bitcell that has 2.05X lower mean read energy, 12.39% lower mean write energy, and 28% lower mean leakage current than conventional 8T bitcells at the TT_0.4V_27C corner. Our bitcell also supports the bitline interleaving technique that can cope with soft errors.
Quantitative Analysis of Oxyresveratrol in Different Plant Parts of Morus Species and Related Genera by HPTLC and HPLC

Quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol in different parts of Morus species by HPTLC and HPLC is described. The methods were validated for selectivity, extraction efficiency, sensitivity, accuracy, and intra-day and inter-day reproducibility. Extraction efficiency was in the range 100 ± 3.2%. Limits of detection and quantification for oxyresveratrol in plant samples were 50 and 200 ng per band, respectively, by HPTLC and 0.3 and 1.0 μg mL−1, respectively, by HPLC. The amount of oxyresveratrol was higher in stems than in leaves. It was not detected in leaves of Morus rubra L, and was detected only in roots and bark of Morus alba L. These methods, which were found to be simple and sensitive with good precision and reproducibility, were also used for analysis of oxyresveratrol in other related species and genera.
Reuse of waste water: impact on water supply planning / Remploi de l'eau résiduaire: influence sur la planification des systèmes de distribution des eaux

Abstract As the urban population of the world increases and demand on easily developable water supplies are exceeded, cities have recourse to a range of management alternatives to balance municipal water supply and demand. These alternatives range from doing nothing to modifying either the supply or the demand variable in the supply-demand relationship. The reuse or recycling of urban waste water in many circumstances may be an economically attractive and effective management strategy for extending existing supplies of developed water, for providing additional water where no developable supplies exist and for meeting water quality effluent discharge standards. The relationship among municipal, industrial and agricultural water use and the treatment links which may be required to modify the quality of a municipal waste effluent for either recycling or reuse purposes is described. A procedure is described for analysing water reuse alternatives within a framework of regional water supply and waste water disp...
Dynamic Response of a Piezoelectric Flextensional Microactuator

Microactuators capable of providing high resolution displacement and controlled force have many applications in RF MEMS, microfluidics, and motion control. This paper theoretically and experimentally investigates the dynamic response of a piezoelectric flextensional microactuator consisting of a clamped beam that buckles in response to contraction of a bonded PZT support. The DRIE and solder bonding fabrication process produces beams with initial curvature that affects their dynamic response. Unlike previous research where sinusoidal initial beam shapes are analyzed, polynomial initial beam shape enables more accurate prediction of beam natural frequencies and frequency response when compared with experimental results. The inclusion of squeeze film damping between the beam and PZT support enables the model to predict frequency response. Experiments show that mounting the PZT with soft carbon tape limits PZT vibration.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Revisiting Unplanned Termination: Clinicians’ Perceptions of Termination from Adolescent Mental Health Treatment:

This qualitative study explored clinicians’ perceptions about unplanned terminations from outpatient mental health treatment among economically disadvantaged, inner-city adolescents. Findings revea...
Hemodynamic Status in Critically III Patients with and without Acute Heart Disease

Physicians have been urged to reduce the use of the pulmonary artery catheter. However, there are no guidelines to help the clinician make the decision to use or withhold invasive monitoring in the individual patient. This study was designed to examine the accuracy of physician estimates of cardiac function in a spectrum of patients with hemodynamic instability to determine whether differences in accuracy among subgroups would suggest subgroups of patients who could be managed without invasive measurements. Physician estimates of cardiac index were found to be sufficiently accurate in patients without acute heart disease that initial management without invasive monitoring may be appropriate in selected cases. However, due to the general inaccuracy of physician estimates, efforts to improve the accuracy of clinical judgments of cardiac function and hemodynamic status should be pursued with vigor in patients both with and without acute cardiac dysfunction.
Indications for specific therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with the short-bowel syndrome

Diarrhoea, malabsorption and malnutrition characterize the short-bowel syndrome. Following the initial intestinal resection, complications such as fistulas and intra-abdominal abscesses may occur, but these usually resolve with appropriate surgical care. All residual intestine should be placed in continuity before serious attempts at rehabilitation with oral feedings are initiated. Small hourly oral feedings composed of food items high in complex carbohydrate and low in fat are started when appropriate and the diet is gradually increased as intestinal adaptation occurs. The goal during this process is to prevent diarrhoea and allow the formation of semiformed stools. With time, parenteral nutrition (PN) can be reduced, and the time required depends on both length of residual bowel and the particular anatomy involved-for example, the presence or absence of the colon. A programme of optimal diet plus growth hormone (0.1 mg/kg) and oral glutamine (30 g/day) enhances the adaptive process and allows many patients independence from PN. However, those with extremely short segments of jejuno-ileum (<50 cm) and no colon have excessive fluid and electrolyte losses, and intestinal transplantation may be the only therapy which allows such patients to be independent of PN.
Effect of Feathery Mottle Virus Infection on Sweet Potato Sensory Properties

Four sets of sweet potato clones obtained by meristem tip culture were used to investigate the effect of feathery mottle virus (FMV) infection on the appearance, sensory quality and chemical composition of the storage roots. This study, encompassing four generations, indicated that FMV infection had a slight effect on carbohydrate metabolism but no effect on the polyphenoloxidase-phenol system. Flavor and texture profile analyses indicated that for one clone, FMV-infected roots were more desirable when baked than healthy roots. Considering the study as a whole, FMV infection did not appear to adversely affect sweet potato sensory properties. Clones produced from the same parent by meristem tip culture might have different compositional and sensory properties.
Nuclear spin-spin coupling in the spectrum of I2 at 6328 Å

Abstract The effects of nuclear spin-spin coupling are included in the analysis of the nuclear hyperfine structure of the R(127) line of the 11-5 band in the B-X electronic band system of I 2 . The fit to the experimental data is improved over earlier fits in which only the effects of nuclear spin-rotation interaction and nuclear electric quadrupole coupling were considered. The electron-coupled contribution to the spin-spin constant of the upper state is determined to be d E = −36.3 ± 8.5 kHz. However, the fit (standard deviation = 59.8 kHz) is still not at the level of the experimental precision (40 kHz) and further measurements are in progress to test the model used for the hfs hamiltonian.
Uterine Fibroids: Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging for Monitoring Therapy with Focused Ultrasound Surgery—Preliminary Study

PURPOSE: To prospectively determine the feasibility of using diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping before (baseline) and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up to monitor magnetic resonance (MR) image–guided focused ultrasound surgical ablation of uterine fibroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Informed consent was obtained from patients before treatment with our study protocol, as approved by the institutional review board, and the study complied with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Fourteen patients (mean age, 46 years ± 5 [standard deviation]) who underwent DW imaging were enrolled in this study, and 12 of 14 completed the inclusive MR examination with DW imaging at 6-month follow-up. Treatment was performed by one radiologist with a modified MR image–guided focused ultrasound surgical system coupled with a 1.5-T MR imager. Pre- and posttreatment and 6-month follow-up MR images were obtained by using phase-sensitive T1-weighted fast spoiled...
Rac1 and Cdc42 Are Required for Phagocytosis, but Not NF-κB-dependent Gene Expression, in Macrophages Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa *

Macrophages respond to Gram-negative bacterial pathogens by phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory gene expression. These responses may require GTPases that have been implicated in cytoskeletal alterations and activation of NF-κB. To determine the role of Rac1 and Cdc42 in signal transduction events triggered by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we expressed GTP binding-deficient alleles of Rac1 or Cdc42, or Chim-GAP, a Rac1/Cdc42-specific GTPase-activating protein domain, in a subline of RAW 264.7 cells, and challenged the transfected cells with a laboratory strain of P. aeruginosa, PAO1. Expression of Rac1 N17, Cdc42 N17, or Chim-GAP led to a marked reduction of phagocytosis. In contrast, nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB was unaffected by expression of the same constructs. Incubation of macrophages with PAO1 led to NF-κB-dependent expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, COX-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which was unaffected by inhibition of Rac1 or Cdc42 function. Isogenic strains of PAO1 that lacked surface adhesins were poorly ingested; however, they induced pro-inflammatory gene expression with an efficiency equal to that of PAO1. These results indicate that the signal transduction events leading to phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory protein expression are distinct. Rac1 and Cdc42 serve as effectors of phagocytosis, but not NF-κB-dependent gene expression, in the macrophage response to P. aeruginosa.
Effect of microwave oven drying on surface hardness of dental gypsum products.

D entists often find it necessary to work with gypsum casts soon after separating them from impressions. Since wet casts usually have inadequate surface hardness, dentists normally must wait 24 to 48 hours before the casts are strong enough for manipulation. To save time, the microwave oven-drying technique has been suggested.’ However, the effect of microwave oven drying on gypsum products has not been thoroughly examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the surface hardness of eight dental gypsum products dried by microwave oven (1485 W, Maytag CME, Maytag Corp., Newton, Iowa) or ambient air.
Sugar radicals formed by photoexcitation of guanine cation radical in oligonucleotides.

This work presents evidence that photoexcitation of guanine cation radical (G+•) in dGpdG and DNA-oligonucleotides TGT, TGGT, TGGGT, TTGTT, TTGGTT, TTGGTTGGTT, AGA, and AGGGA in frozen glassy aqueous solutions at low temperatures leads to hole transfer to the sugar phosphate backbone and results in high yields of deoxyribose radicals. In this series of oligonucleotides, we find that G+• on photoexcitation at 143 K leads to the formation of predominantly C5‘• and C1‘• with small amounts of C3‘•. Photoconversion yields of G+• to sugar radicals in oligonucleotides decreased as the overall chain length increased. However, for high molecular weight dsDNA (salmon testes) in frozen aqueous solutions, substantial conversion of G+• to C1‘• (only) sugar radical is still found (ca. 50%). Within the cohort of sugar radicals formed, we find a relative increase in the formation of C1‘• with length of the oligonucleotide, along with decreases in C3‘• and C5‘•. For dsDNA in frozen solutions, only the formation of C1‘• is...
The impact of the therapeutic alliance on treatment outcome in patients with dissociative disorders

Background : Research has shown that the therapeutic alliance plays an important role in enhancing treatment outcome among individuals with a variety of disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome has not yet been studied in dissociative disorders (DD). Objectives : The current study sought to investigate the impact of alliance on treatment outcome for DD patients. Methods : Data from a naturalistic, longitudinal international treatment study of DD patients and their therapists were analyzed to determine if the alliance, as reported by patients and therapists, was associated with treatment outcome. Results : Patients with higher self-rated alliance had fewer symptoms of dissociation, PTSD, and general distress, as well as higher levels of therapist-rated adaptive functioning. Over time, self-rated alliance scores predicted better outcomes, after controlling for patient adaptive capacities including symptom management at the time when the alliance ratings were made. Patient-rated alliance was more strongly associated with outcome than therapist-rated alliance. Conclusion : Therapists who work with DD patients should understand the importance of the alliance on treatment outcome. These findings are consistent with previous literature demonstrating the importance of developing and maintaining a strong therapeutic alliance, although the effect sizes of individuals with DD were stronger than what has been found in many other patient groups. A greater understanding of the impact of the alliance in traumatized individuals may contribute to better outcomes for these individuals. Keywords: Dissociative; alliance; trauma; treatment; PTSD (Published: 6 March 2014) For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under Article Tools). Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2014, 5 : 22676 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.22676