cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photometric observations of rat liver microsomal suspensions

Abstract The application of photometric measurements to determinations of microsomal volume changes has been investigated, with particular consideration of the suitability of utilizing such measurements in permeability studies. The relationships among optical density, medium osmolality, and medium refractive index observed with microsomes suspended in sucrose-raffinose media are comparable to relationships previously defined for mitochondrial suspensions. Together with the observation that these effects are osmotically reversible, such evidence is consistent with the interpretation that the microsomes exhibit osmotic behavior in sucrose-raffinose media. Other unidentified changes in optical density take place. Comparisons of observations of suspensions in sucrose-raffinose media to observations of suspensions in media containing lower molecular weight nonelectrolytes indicate that monosaccharides and smaller compounds penetrate the microsomes rapidly. These findings necessitated a reevaluation of some earlier published studies of optical density relationships of microsomal suspensions in mannitol-raffinose media. The data indicate that penetrant solutes alter microsomal light scattering by causing osmotic swelling and, in addition, by increasing the anhydrous mass of the particles. At comparable osmolalities and refractive indices, optical densities of microsomal suspensions in media containing mixtures of sucrose and a sugar polymer (dextran or Ficoll) differ from optical densities of suspensions in sucrose-raffinose media. The occurrence of events presently not accounted for emphasizes the need for caution in interpreting photometric data in experiments with microsomal suspensions.
On the ηN interaction strength

Abstract We show that the binding energy of the η-mesic nucleus does not increase monotonically with the ηNN ∗ (1535) coupling constant. This feature is a direct consequence of the unitarity constaint on the ηN interaction.
Loose almost blowing-up and related properties

It is shown that finitely-fixed processes have\(\bar f\)-metric versions of the almost blowing-up property, the approximate-match waiting-time property, and the strong form of extremality. The proofs make use of a new result that connects, in a local almost sure way, fixed-length blocks in a process with fixed-length blocks in an expansion of the process.
Nonoperative thoracic duct embolization for traumatic thoracic duct leak: experience in 109 patients.

Objective To demonstrate the efficacy of a minimally invasive, nonoperative, catheter-based approach to the treatment of traumatic chyle leak. Methods A retrospective review of 109 patients was conducted to assess the efficacy of thoracic duct embolization or interruption for the treatment of high-output chyle leak caused by injury to the thoracic duct. Results A total of 106 patients presented with chylothorax, 1 patient presented with chylopericardium, and 2 patients presented with cervical lymphocele. Twenty patients (18%) had previous failed thoracic duct ligation. In 108 of 109 patients, a lymphangiogram was successful. Catheterization of the thoracic duct was achieved in 73 patients (67%). In 71 of these 73 patients, embolization of the thoracic duct was performed. Endovascular coils or liquid embolic agent was used to occlude the thoracic duct. In 18 of 33 cases of unsuccessful catheterization, thoracic duct needle interruption was attempted below the diaphragm. Resolution of the chyle leak was observed in 64 of 71 patients (90%) post-embolization. Needle interruption of the thoracic duct was successful in 13 of 18 patients (72%). In 17 of the 20 patients who had previous attempts at thoracic duct ligation, embolization or interruption was attempted and successful in 15 (88%). The overall success rate for the entire series was 71% (77/109). There were 3 (3%) minor complications. Conclusion Catheter embolization or needle interruption of the thoracic duct is safe, feasible, and successful in eliminating a high-output chyle leak in the majority (71%) of patients. This minimally invasive, although technically challenging, procedure should be the initial approach for the treatment of a traumatic chylothorax.
Materials science: synthetic sea shell.

The mechanical properties of natural substances such as bone and shell are envied by those involved in the fabrication of materials. A 'bricks-and-mortar' structure, assembled layer by layer, is the key to making sea shells.
Heterolytic CH-bond activation in the synthesis of Ni{(2-aryl-κC2)pyridine-κN}2 and derivatives

Abstract Thermolysis of Ni(OTf)2 in 2-phenyl-pyridine or 2-tolyl-pyridine afforded the cationic chelate derivatives, [bis(2-aryl-pyridine)Ni{(2-aryl-κC2)pyridine-κN}]OTf (aryl = phenyl, 1a; tolyl, 1b). Addition of KBr to 1a and LiBr to 1b provided the bromides, (2-aryl-pyridine)BrNi{(2-aryl-κC2)pyridine-κN} (aryl = phenyl, 2a; tolyl, 2b). When subjected to KOtBu in Et2O, the bromides generated the entitled bis-cyclometalated compounds, Ni{(2-aryl-κC2)pyridine-κN}2 (aryl = phenyl, 3a; tolyl, 3b). These compounds insert diphenylacetylene into one cyclometalate arm to produce [(2-aryl-κC2)pyridine-κN]Ni[2-(2-(1,2-diphenylethenyl-κC2)aryl)pyridine-κN] (aryl = phenyl, 4a; p-tolyl, 4b). X-ray crystallographic studies were conducted on 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a, and a brief DFT study of 3a confirmed its low spin configuration and rippled geometry.
Importance of terrestrially-derived, particulate phosphorus to phosphorus dynamics in a west coast estuary

Allochthonous inputs of suspended particulate matter from freshwater environments to estuaries influence nutrient cycling and ecosystem metabolism. Contributions of different biogeochemical reactions to phosphorus dynamics in Tomales Bay, California, were determined by measuring dissolved inorganic phosphorus exchange between water and suspended particulate matter in response to changes in salinity, pH, and sediment redox. In serum bottle incubations of suspended particulate matter collected from the major tributary to the bay, dissolved inorganic phosphorus release increased with salinity during the initial 8 h; between 1–3 d, however, rates of release were similar among treatments of 0 psu, 16 psu, 24 psu, and 32 psu. Release was variable over the pH range 4–8.5, but dissolved inorganic phosphorus releases from sediments incubated for 24 h at the pH of fresh water (7.3) and seawater (8.1) were similarly small. Under oxidizing conditions, dissolved inorganic phosphorus release was small or dissolved inorganic phosphorus was taken up by particulate matter with total P content 50 μmoles P g−1. In contrast, under reducing conditions maintained by addition of free sulfide (HS−), dissolved inorganic phosphorus was released from particles at all concentrations of total phosphorus in suspended particulate matter, presumably from the reduction of iron oxides. Since extrapolated dissolved inorganic phosphorus release from this abiotic source can account for only 12.5% of the total dissolved inorganic phosphorus flux from Tomales Bay sediments, we conclude most release from particles is due to organic matter oxidation that occurs after estuarine deposition. The abiotic, sedimentary flux of dissolved inorganic phosphorus, however, could contribute up to 30% of the observed net export of dissolved inorganic phosphorus from the entire estuary.
Thinness and restricting expectancies mediate the influence of ethnic identity on bulimic symptoms

Abstract Studies suggest that a developed sense of ethnic identity is associated with positive psychological outcomes, but the relationship between ethnic identity (EI) and symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) is not clear. We tested a model that thinness expectancies mediate the relationship between EI and BN symptoms. We hypothesized that (1) EI would be negatively correlated with thinness expectancies and BN symptoms; (2) thinness expectancies would be positively correlated with BN symptoms; and (3) thinness expectancies would mediate the relationship between EI and BN symptoms. Four hundred ninety-three college women from diverse ethnic backgrounds completed self-report measures of thinness expectancies, ethnic identity, and bulimic symptoms. EI accounted for significant variance in BN symptoms ( beta = −.10, p beta = −.12, p beta = .61, p
Promotion of base‐catalyzed siloxane rearrangements by dimethyl sulfoxide

The effect of small amounts (0.01%–1%) of dimethyl sulfoxide on base-catalyzed polymerization and equilibration of methylsiloxanes has been examined. The addition of 0.5% of the sulfoxide increases the rate of potassium hydroxide-catalyzed polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane by factors of 100–1000 and amounts as low as 0.01% have a large effect when low (12 ppm) catalyst concentrations are used. The rate of basecatalyzed equilibration of hexamethyl disiloxane with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane is similarly enhanced by dimethyl sulfoxide. The equilibration occurs rapidly at 80°C. with 0.01% of potassium hydroxide and 1% of dimethyl sulfoxide, but does not proceed at a measurable rate with potassium hydroxide alone. The combination of 0.01% potassium hydroxide and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide is more effective than 0.1% of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The large accelerating effect of the sulfoxide is believed to be due to solvation of the cation, which promotes ionization of the metal silanolate, increasing the concentration of silanolate anions.
Coronary artery aneurysm formation following PTCA

Since its introduction in 1977, the number of procedures and indications for PTCA have grown. With this more frequent and broader use, new complications have been reported. This report describes the formation of a new coronary artery aneurysm at the PTCA site following dilatation. The pathogenesis of aneurysmal formation following PTCA is unknown.
Measurements of collision and heating times in a two-dimensional thermal computer plasma

Abstract We have investigated the nearest grid point (NGP) and the cloud in cell (CIC) particle models of a plasma, together with two other models obtained from the above by smoothing the potential before use (HNGP and HCIC models). The collision time is found to be only slightly dependent on the model and is given to 20 % by ( τ coll / τ pe ) = n ( λ D 2 + W 2 ), where n is the density and W the width of the particles ( W = H , the mesh spacing for NGP and CIC; W = 2H for HNGP and HCIC). The ratio of electric-field energy to particle energy is given by 〈 E 2 〉/8 π ÷ nmv th 2 = 0.12/ n ( λ D 2 + W 2 ). Stochastic heating due to the finite size of the space mesh and the time step DT is correlated as a function of H / λ D and ω pe DT . An optimum path in this parameter plane is found to be (w pe DT) opt = min [ 1 2 H/λ D , 1]. On this path the ratio of the heating time (the time for the average kinetic energy of an electron to increase by 1 2kT ) to the collision time is ( τ H/ gt coll ) = K 2 /( H / λ D) 2 , where K 2 = 2.1 (NGP), 6.4 (HNGP), 41 (CIC), 200 (HCIC). The models are compared on the basis of the cost in computer time per square collisionless plasma period per mesh cell. If we permit computing provided ( τ H / τ coll ) > 10 (or better than 2.5 % energy conservation in a collision time) then the most economic model to use is given by the tableau: 0 ← NGP → 0.45 ← HNGP → 0.8 ← CIC → 2.0 ← HCIC → 4.5, where the name of the model is written between the values of H / λ D for which it is best suited. Alternatively, if we accept a model provided ( τ H/ τ coll ) > 1 (or better than 25% energy conservation in a collision time), then the favoured ranges for the different models are 0 ← NGP → 1.5 ← HNGP → 2.5 ← CIC → 6.5 ← HCIC → 14. None of the models considered may be used for H / λ D > 14.
Characterization of rejection episodes in patients following positive crossmatch and ABO‐incompatible live donor renal transplantation

For kidney transplant recipients with donor-specific antibody (DSA) to HLA- (+XM) or ABO-antigens (ABOI), there is a need to improve detection and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). The methods included a retrospective review of consecutive patients that received plasmapheresis and immune globulin (PPIVIg) to abrogate +XM or ABOI. Twelve patients were transplanted after PPIVIg (+XM = 9, ABOI = 2, +XM/ABOI = 1). No hyperacute rejections occurred. Rejection occurred in seven patients [four AMR, three acute cellular rejection (ACR)]. In four +XM patients, DSA was detected during graft dysfunction despite lack of histologic and C4d features of AMR. In one patient, DSA preceded the histologic and immunofluorescent features of AMR. In another patient with borderline changes and DSA, graft function improved after PPIVIg, despite lack of histologic or immunofluorescent evidence of AMR. One patient with Banff IIA ACR and DSA treated with antithymocyte antibody but not PPIVIg had recurrent rejections and poor graft function. In +XM and ABOI recipients with graft dysfunction: (i) DSA may represent AMR in the absence of C4d or histologic features of AMR; (ii) DSA can precede C4d or light microscopic features of AMR; (iii) A poor outcome may result if DSA or continued allograft dysfunction is present and not treated despite a negative biopsy.
Electron-Spin Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Metallic Lithium in Neutron-Irradiated LiF

The electron-spin paramagnetic resonance absorption of conduction electrons in lithium metal in neutron-irradiated LiF has been observed. The dependence of the electron-spin paramagnetic resonance line shape and width on the temperature during irradiation and subsequent thermal annealing is discussed. An upper bound is set on the probability for flip of the spin in a collision with the metal surface.
A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolutionof astrophysical objects

This paper outlines astrophysical issues related to the long-term fate of the universe. The authors consider the evolution of planets, stars, stellar populations, galaxies, and the universe itself over time scales that greatly exceed the current age of the universe. Their discussion starts with new stellar evolution calculations which follow the future evolution of the low-mass (M-type) stars that dominate the stellar mass function. They derive scaling relations that describe how the range of stellar masses and lifetimes depends on forthcoming increases in metallicity. They then proceed to determine the ultimate mass distribution of stellar remnants, i.e., the neutron stars, white dwarfs, and brown dwarfs remaining at the end of stellar evolution; this aggregate of remnants defines the 'final stellar mass function.' At times exceeding \ensuremath{\sim}1--10 trillion years, the supply of interstellar gas will be exhausted, yet star formation will continue at a highly attenuated level via collisions between brown dwarfs. This process tails off as the galaxy gradually depletes its stars by ejecting the majority and driving a minority toward eventual accretion onto massive black holes. As the galaxy disperses, stellar remnants provide a mechanism for converting the halo dark matter into radiative energy. Posited weakly interacting massive particles are accreted by white dwarfs, where they subsequently annihilate with each other. Thermalization of the decay products keeps the old white dwarfs much warmer than they would otherwise be. After accounting for the destruction of the galaxy, the authors consider the fate of the expelled degenerate objects (planets, white dwarfs, and neutron stars) within the explicit assumption that proton decay is a viable process. The evolution and eventual sublimation of these objects is dictated by the decay of their constituent nucleons, and this evolutionary scenario is developed in some detail. After white dwarfs and neutron stars have disappeared, galactic black holes slowly lose their mass as they emit Hawking radiation. This review finishes with an evaluation of cosmological issues that arise in connection with the long-term evolution of the universe. Special attention is devoted to the relation between future density fluctuations and the prospects for continued large-scale expansion. The authors compute the evolution of the background radiation fields of the universe. After several trillion years, the current cosmic microwave background will have redshifted into insignificance; the dominant contribution to the radiation background will arise from other sources, including stars, dark-matter annihilation, proton decay, and black holes. Finally, the authors consider the dramatic possible effects of a nonzero vacuum energy density.
Process-Dependent Charges and Traps in Dielectrics on SiC

Dielectric charges and charge stability were compared in different dielectrics formed on SiC by different processing techniques. The concentration and transient behavior of the interface and trapped charges were investigated. Strong hysteresis and flat-band voltage drift under applied bias were observed in some of the samples. They are attributed to the trapping of the charge injected in the dielectrics. Differences in charge injection, charge trapping, and capture/emission of carriers by interface traps were pronounced for the investigated SiO2 and Si3N4 dielectrics.
Anchored periplasmic expression, a versatile technology for the isolation of high-affinity antibodies from Escherichia coli-expressed libraries

Anchored periplasmic expression (APEx) is a technology for the isolation of ligand-binding proteins from combinatorial libraries anchored on the periplasmic face of the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. After disruption of the outer membrane by Tris-EDTA-lysozyme, the inner-membrane-anchored proteins readily bind fluorescently labeled ligands as large as 240 kDa. Fluorescently labeled cells are isolated by flow cytometry, and the DNA of isolated clones is rescued by PCR. By using two rounds of APEx, the affinity of a neutralizing antibody to the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen was improved >200-fold, exhibiting a final K(D) of 21 pM. This approach has several technical advantages compared with previous library screening technologies, including the unique ability to screen for ligand-binding proteins that bind endogenously expressed ligands fused to a short-lived GFP. Further, APEx is able to display proteins either as an N-terminal fusion to a six-residue sequence derived from the native E. coli lipoprotein NlpA, or as a C-terminal fusion to the phage gene three minor coat protein of M13. The latter fusions allow hybrid phage display/APEx strategies without the need for further subcloning.
Sugar beet responses to iron nutrition and stress

Abstract Sugar beets were grown at four concentrations of added Fe (0.00, 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 mg L‐1) in nutrient solutions. The pH increased similarly in solutions at the two higher Fe concentrations and decreased moderately and negligibly respectively at the lowest added Fe and no Fe concentrations. Chlorosis was pronounced in plants of the latter two treatments and was accompanied by marked reductions in the chlorophyll content of apical leaves, in the size of young expanded leaves, and in the fresh and dry mass of roots and shoots. The decreases in these parameters were greater for plants at no Fe than at 0.02 mg Fe L‐1 The riboflavin content in the nutrient solutions increased only negligibly with maximum iron, increased slightly with 0.2 mg Fe L‐1, and increased substantially with 0.02 mg Fe L‐1 and no Fe, but was lower in the latter. The cumulative amounts of riboflavin excreted and the times of maximum excretion varied within replicates of solutions containing both low Fe and no Fe. The maximum ribo...
Semigroups associated with analytic Schrödinger operators

Abstract If the potential in a two-particle system is the boundary value of an analytic function, the physical Hamiltonian H(0) has an analytic continuation H(φ). The continuous spectrum of H(φ) consists of the half-line Y(0, φ) which runs from 0 to ∞e2iφ. Integrating along lines parallel to Y(0, φ), this paper examines the Fourier transform of the resolvent R(λ, φ). The integration path passing through ±iee2iφ yields semigroups {U(t, ±iee2iφ, φ)} (t > 0 and t L p-spaces, it is shown that the semigroups tend to norm limits as e tends to 0. The proof is based on the Paley-Wiener theorem for functions in a strip. It generalizes to multiparticle systems under conditions on R(λ, φ) that are to be verified with the help of the theory of smooth operators.
Planimetric accuracy of Ikonos 1 m panchromatic orthoimage products and their utility for local government GIS basemap applications

A detailed assessment of the planimetric accuracy of high-resolution panchromatic Ikonos orthoimage products for three different test sites is presented. The main objective was to evaluate the potential of Ikonos orthoimage products for use as digital image basemaps in local government Geographic Information Systems (GIS) systems. For maximum utility and adoption, a planimetric accuracy of 3–5 m and a circular error at 90% probability (CE90) is considered nominal for local government planning and management applications. Low-precision, low-cost georeferenced Ikonos image products (Geo, 50 m CE90) were orthorectified using third party commercially available software and various custom Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The planimetric accuracies of the resulting custom Ikonos orthoimages were found to vary between 2–4 m CE90. In addition, United States Geological Survey (USGS) DEMs were also used to orthorectify georeferenced Ikonos image products. Planimetric accuracies of 2–3 m CE90 were obtained from geor...
VIDEOLOG ASSESSMENT OF VEHICLE COLLISION FREQUENCY WITH CONCRETE MEDIAN BARRIERS ON AN URBAN HIGHWAY IN CONNECTICUT

In-service performance evaluation is the process of assessing the performance of roadside safety hardware under real-world service conditions. The purpose of in-service evaluation is to determine and document the manner in which a safety feature performs during a broad range of collision, environmental, operational, and maintenance situations for typical real-world site and traffic conditions. An in-service performance evaluation of the concrete median barrier (CMB) in Connecticut was undertaken to determine how often CMBs are struck and how often such collisions are reported to the police. The method used to perform the inservice performance evaluation of the CMB is described, and the results are presented. Data were collected for a section of CMB located on I-84 in Hartford, Connecticut. Accurate information about impacts with CMBs is difficult to obtain because so many collisions are unreported. Even for severe collisions, damage to the barrier is rare, and little maintenance is required. In many cases...
Numerical simulations of gyro-devices with hybrid-PIC formulation

Recent strong interest in the development of compact, efficient, high power, millimeter wave gyro-devices has accentuated the need for advanced design tools capable of accurately predicting the device actual performance. At the Naval Research Laboratory, the studies of the nonlinear saturation gain, efficiency, and bandwidth for gyro-devices are approached from two different formulations: (1) slow-time scale (SLT) formulation and (2) hybrid particle-in-cell (PIC) formulation. The SLT formulation is a computationally efficient, well-proven approach suitable for the accurate modeling of steady-state, single-mode, amplifier operations. For time-dependent multimode design problems where frequencies are arbitrary (e.g. mode competition and spurious oscillations), the hybrid -PIC formulation is the appropriate approach. This formulation is the basis for a 3-D, finite difference, time domain, PIC code recently developed at NRL. In both approaches, the transverse spatial profile of the electromagnetic fields is decomposed into a complete set of orthonormal basis functions (waveguide eigenmodes). For the hybrid-PIC formulation, the transverse modal expansion allows the reduction of Maxwell's equations into a coupled set of 1-D (axial) equations which are self-consistently solved, directly both in time and real space, with a finite-difference algorithm. Numerical simulations of both gyrotron and peniotron interactions have been performed with the new hybrid-PIC code. Comparisons between the SLT and hybrid-PIC formulations in appropriate cases have shown good agreement. Current code modeling capabilities include uniform and vaned interaction circuits, gyro-traveling-wave amplifiers, gyro-klystron amplifiers, and gyro-oscillators.
Differential cardiovascular effects of μ, δ and κ opiate agonists at discrete hypothalamic sites in the anesthetized rat

Abstract Cardiovascular and respiratory activity of μ, δ and κ opioid agonists were investigated utilizing microinjections into the n. preopticus medialis (POM) and periventricularis hypothalami (HPV) of anesthetized rats. Injections of the relative μ agonists Morphine and Morphiceptin the δ agonist D-Ala2, D-Leu5-Enkephalin (DADL) or the putative κ agonist Dynorphin 1–13 into the HPV caused hypotension and bradypnea; Morphine produced tachycardia while DADL and Dynorphin bradycardia. In the POM, injections of Morphine or DADL increased blood pressure and heart rate whereas Dynorphin caused hypotension and bradycardia. At this site, the μ agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly5-ol-Enkephalin (DAGO) produced hypotension, tachycardia and bradypnea. DAGO and DADL but not Morphine or Dynorphin also caused bradypnea in this region. These data show that the central cardiovascular and respiratory effects of opioids vary according to injection site and opioid subtype and may differ from findings obtained using cerebroventricular injections.
Analysis of Contemporary Trends in Access to High-Volume Ovarian Cancer Surgical Care

Background Positive volume-outcome relationships exist for cancers treated with technically complex surgery, including ovarian cancer. However, contemporary patterns of primary surgical care for ovarian cancer according to hospital and surgeon case volume remain poorly defined.
Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer: A qualitative review

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess whether recent epidemiologic evidence supports an association between use of estrogen replacement therapy or hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer. DATA SOURCES: The keywords “estrogen,” “estrogen replacement therapy,” or “hormone replacement therapy,” and “breast cancer” or “breast neoplasm,” were used to search for articles published from 1975–2000 in MEDLINE and Dialogweb. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals and containing original data were included in this review. METHODS: Unadjusted or age-adjusted risk estimates for breast cancer among ever users of estrogen therapy compared with never users were abstracted from published articles or calculated using the data provided in the published reports. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: We found little consistency among studies that estimated the risk of breast cancer in hormone users compared with nonusers and in studies assessing the risk by duration of use. However, there was consistently a lower risk of death from breast cancer in hormone users compared with nonusers. CONCLUSION: The evidence did not support the hypotheses that estrogen use increases the risk of breast cancer and that combined hormone therapy increases the risk more than estrogen only. Additional observational studies are unlikely to alter this conclusion. Although a small increase in breast cancer risk with hormone therapy or an increased risk with long duration of use (15 years or more) cannot be ruled out, the likelihood of this must be small, given the large number of studies conducted to date.
Charter school type matters when examining funding and facilities: Evidence from California.

Currently, charter schools represent one of the fastest growing movements of educational reform. The first charter school opened in 1992 and there are now over 3,400 charter schools nationwide. Despite this growth, we are only beginning to learn about the performance and operation of these schools. This article adds to our knowledge of charter schools both by examining the finances of charter schools in California, which has more charter students than any other state, and by highlighting their fiscal challenges. Using survey data of California charter and conventional public schools, the results suggest that the degree charter schools are struggling with resources and facilities depends upon charter school type.
Edgar B. Gordon: A Pioneer in Media Music Education

Although he is remembered primarily for his work as president of the Music Supervisors National Conference during the mid-1920s, Edgar B. Gordon's most unique contributions were associated with his highly influential but less publicized involvement with radio instruction in music. His pervading social philosophy, nurtured in the Chicago settlement movement and in the community arts activities of Winfield, Kansas, motivated him to participate in perhaps the earliest radio instruction in the nation (1921) as well as to devise materials and teaching techniques that would effectively teach music via radio to approximately one million rural Wisconsin children over a twenty-four year period (1931–1955). The author traces Gordon's professional development, details his radio involvement, and analyzes his instructional techniques and materials.
Relationships among trauma exposure, chronic posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and self-reported health in women: replication and extension.

Fifty-two women who served during the Vietnam era were assessed for war-zone exposure, traumatic life events, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and self-reported health status. Symptoms of PTSD were examined as mediators in the relationship between traumatic exposure and subsequent reports of health problems. Results showed that PTSD symptoms accounted significantly for variance in health problems reported by women with prior traumatic stressor exposure. When the cardinal symptom domains of PTSD (reexperiencing, numbing, avoidance, hyperarousal) were analyzed separately, the symptom cluster representing hyperarousal accounted uniquely for the variance associated with health complaints, beyond that contributed by other symptom clusters. Discussion of the results focuses on mechanisms underlying the relationship between specific symptoms of PTSD and self-reported health. Implications for intervention within the medical system are also considered.
Using geographical information system to model the effects of green space accessibility on mortality in Florida

The loss of green space in an increasingly developed landscape may not only have negative environmental impacts but may also be detrimental to human health. The relationship between green space and health is dependent on not only the presence but also access to green space. This cross-sectional ecological study uses a geographical information system to examine the relationships between the presence and accessibility of green space and county-level mortality in the state of Florida. After controlling for some of the leading influences of mortality – including the levels of obesity, smoking, old age, and education – we found that the amount of green space within defined distances of census tracts in each county was associated with both all cause and cardiovascular mortality. Neither the gross amount of green space in a county nor the average distance to green space from census tracts in a county were significantly associated with our mortality measures.
Response Perseveration Following Reward and Punishment of the Same Goal Response.

Abstract This study tested a set of predictions concerning approach response perseveration during extinction derived from an S-R model against predictions derived from a cognitive dissonance model, in a 100% reward, 100% punishment situation. Both reward and punishment magnitudes during acquisition were varied in a factorial design. The data supported the dissonance predictions. Perseveration during extinction was found to increase following strong punishment during acquisition, and to increase following lower rewards during acquisition, when these rewards were paired with strong punishment. In addition GSR data also supported the dissonance model.
Self-consistent description of nuclear compressional modes

Isoscalar monopole and dipole compressional modes are computed for a variety of closed-shell nuclei in a relativistic random-phase approximation to three different parametrizations of the Walecka model with scalar self-interactions. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of self-consistency which by itself, and with little else, guarantees the decoupling of the spurious isoscalar-dipole strength from the physical response and the conservation of the vector current. A powerful new relation is introduced to quantify the violation of the vector current in terms of various ground-state form factors. For the isoscalar-dipole mode two distinct regions are clearly identified: (i) a high-energy component that is sensitive to the size of the nucleus and scales with the compressibility of the model and (ii) a low-energy component that is insensitivity to the nuclear compressibility. A fairly good description of both compressional modes is obtained by using a ``soft'' parametrization having a compression modulus of $K=224\mathrm{MeV}.$
Concerning the structure of platinum—oxygen alloys

Strips of Pt foil were cleaned and cut in half. One half was converted to a PtO alloy by treatment in concentrated HNO3; the other half was not treated. The treated and untreated Pt samples were analyzed with X-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Reflections from the lattice planes were shifted for PtO alloy showing an expansion of the lattice. Certain reflections for Pt were missing for PtO alloy, indicating preferred orientation of the sample. The SEM micrographs showed that the PtO alloy was covered with hexagonal-shaped etch pits. From the XPS data, dissolved oxygen was detected to a depth of 360A in the Pt0 alloy.
Isolation and Characterization of Fluoro‐Jade B, a Selective Histochemical Stain for Neuronal Degeneration

Abstract Fluoro‐Jade B is a novel fluorescent dye, and since its introduction in 1999 it has been widely used in neuroscience research for selectively staining degenerating neurons in brain tissue sections. However, the chemical composition of Fluoro‐Jade B has not been previously resolved. We here report successful separation and identification of eight isomers and structural analogues of Fluoro‐Jade B. Two analytical HPLC methods, consisting of a reversed‐phase C18 column and a mobile phase with either a pH gradient or an acetonitrile gradient, were developed. A quantitative separation was performed by a semi‐preparative reversed phase C18 HPLC column. Each individual component was characterized by LC/ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The compounds 5‐(6′‐hydroxy‐3′‐oxo‐3H‐xanthen‐9′‐yl)benzene‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic acid, 2‐(6‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐3H‐xanthen‐9‐yl)‐5‐(2,4‐dihydroxybenzoyl)terephthalic acid, and 4‐(6‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐3H‐xanthen‐9‐yl)‐6‐(2,4‐dihydroxybenzoyl)isophthalic acid represent three n...
Short cervical length by ultrasound and cerclage.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether gravidas with short cervical length on endovaginal ultrasound examination, not in preterm labor, who underwent cervical cerclage have better outcomes compared with those with no cerclage. METHODS This is an observational study in which data were collected prospectively on women who had ultrasound endovaginal cervical length measurement and were not in preterm labor. The subgroup of women who were < or = 26 weeks' at cervical measurement was analyzed separately. Short cervix was defined as < or = 30 mm. After delivery, charts were reviewed for management and outcomes, performed at the discretion of the attending obstetrician. Two study groups were defined: those with cerclage and those with no cerclage. Predictor variables were cerclage and cervical lengths. Outcome variables were birth weight, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal outcomes. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and Student's t-tests, a p value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS A total of 85 patients with cervical lengths of < or = 30 mm were identified; of these 43 had cerclage, and 42 did not. The latter had bedrest, tocolytics, or no intervention. Indications for cervical length measurement were similar in both groups, as were age, insurance status, cervical measurements, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and mode of delivery. The mean gestational age at delivery and birth weight in the cerclage group (34.0 +/- 5.4 weeks'; 2530 +/- 905 gm) were greater than in the no cerclage group (32.0 +/- 6.0 weeks', 2084 +/- 1085 gm, p values of < 0.04 and < 0.04, respectively). Analysis for the subgroup of women who were < or = 26 weeks at first measurement revealed similar results. The relative risk for delivering at < 30 weeks' gestation, for incrementally shorter cervices, was less in the cerclage group. CONCLUSION Cerclage in gravidas with short cervix measured by endovaginal ultrasound, not in preterm labor, may be associated with neonates of greater gestational age and birth weight, with fewer of these parturients delivering before 30 weeks' gestation. A prospective randomized trial of treatment modalities for asymptomatic shortened cervix is needed.
Feminism and Political Radicalism

The political attitudes of 50 feminist women in relation to "feminism" as a dimension were examined and contrasted with those of 50 of their contemporary female peers. They were administered the Attitudes Toward Feminism Belief-Pattern Scale (3), the Conservatism-Radicalism Opinionnaire (4), and a questionnaire providing biographical information and personal opinions regarding various timely political and feminine issues. The feminist women and their peers were found to differ significantly in the attitudinal dimensions of feminism and political conservatism-radicalism. The feminist women manifested more feminism than their peers, as well as being more politically radical. Feminism as a dimension was also found to be positively correlated with political radicalism. Both goups were also compared in their sentiments and opinions on several noteworthy issues; e.g., the potential influence of the women's vote in en- hancing the status of women. Surprisingly, the feminist women and their peers failed to differ on some of the more salient of these. In order to understand and appreciate the feminist personality, the forces potentiating the Women's movement, and the apparent similarities and differences between the feminist women and their peers, the variables of feminism, political conservatism-radicalism, and activism seem to deserve consideration.
Food Sharing and Body Part Representation in Okiek Faunal Assemblages

Abstract Recent ethnoarchaeological research among Okiek hunter-gatherers of the western Mau Escarpment, Kenya, identifies sharing of meat as an important factor affecting body part representation in Okiek faunas. Meat sharing among the Okiek occurs between isolated households and is chiefly patterned by social relationships, hunting success and animal size. Whole animals are rarely found in faunal assemblages. Bones from large animals are more dispersed than bones from small animals, and there is great variability in body part profiles accumulated by individual households. The households of more successful hunters and especially well-liked individuals accumulate more bones, and bones associated with higher nutritional utility, than other households. As a result, sharing of meat can create similar body part profiles to those commonly attributed by archaeologists to differential transport of animal carcasses.
Learning what counts as a mathematical explanation

Abstract Instructional practices are being transformed in many mathematics classrooms as a result of reform efforts in the United States and Europe. For example, students are being asked to take a more active role in explaining their problem solution strategies. In order to achieve these changes in student activity, teachers are being encouraged to restructure the communication patterns in their classrooms. The goal of this article is to examine, in detail, the discourse of one teacher and three of her middle school students during a single lesson on area measurement. Some concepts from sociocultural theory (e.g., authoritative versus internally persuasive discourse) are used to organize and interpret our analysis. The teacher observed in this study, tried to share responsibility and authority for explaining and evaluating mathematical problems with her students. We found that two of the three students initially tried to present explanations that differed from that used by the teacher on a previous day. Each time these students offered an alternative solution strategy, the teacher overlapped her speech with theirs. Eventually both students employed the teacher's explanation. The third student who used the teacher's explanation from the beginning did not encounter her overlapping speech. As a result of our analyses, we concluded that the teacher did achieve one of her goals for this lesson, the sharing of responsibility for providing explanations, but not the goal of sharing authority. The theoretical and instructional implications of our analysis for research on educational reform are addressed.
Mode of transmission of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus to progeny of adult Heliothis zea.

Abstract Nuclear-polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Heliothis zea was transmitted by surface contamination of the eggs with polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) that had passed through the digestive tract of adult H. zea that had been fed PIB. Surface sterilization of eggs eliminated the transmission. No infection was found in paraffin section of the adults, but the polyhedra were visible in the lumen of the gut and as surface contamination near the tip of the abdomen. Scanning electron micrographs revealed polyhedra on the surface of eggs from the treated moths. The percentage progeny infected increased with increased dose to the females (in the range of 106–108 PIB/female), but transmission generally declined with increasing days post-treatment. No adverse effects on mating, oviposition, or egg hatch were demonstrated. Male H. zea fed PIB transmitted the virus to their progeny when they were paired with untreated females. Also, when untreated males mated first with treated females and subsequently untreated females, the second females were sufficiently contaminated to transmit virus to some of their progeny.
Generalized Lorenz models and their routes to chaos. II. Energy-conserving horizontal mode truncations

All attempts to generalize the three-dimensional Lorenz model by selecting higher-order Fourier modes can be divided into three categories, namely: vertical, horizontal and vertical–horizontal mode truncations. The previous study showed that the first method allowed only construction of a nine-dimensional system when the selected modes were energy-conserving. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that a five-dimensional model is the lowest-order generalized Lorenz model that can be constructed by the second method and that its route to chaos is the same as that observed in the original Lorenz model. It is shown that the onset of chaos in both systems is determined by a number of modes that describe the vertical temperature difference in a convection roll. In addition, a simple rule that allows selecting modes that conserve energy for each method is derived.
Students Prenatally Exposed to Drugs and Alcohol: A Survey of School Personnel Preparation.

Abstract The authors surveyed university faculty regarding preparation of general educators, special educators, and speech‐language pathologists to work with students prenatally exposed to drugs and alcohol. The results confirm that, in general, teacher education and speech‐language pathology programs provide limited information on these students to either preservice or inservice teachers and speech‐language pathologists. The authors also compared the responses of the three groups of faculty and the responses of faculty within their specialization areas. Significant differences were found among the three groups and within the general education faculty group, differences that have significant implications for teacher and speech‐language pathologist preparation programs.
The relationship of research to total quality control with special reference to sterile insect technique1

Research is but one of the elements of total quality control in insect mass rearing programs, but the pre-operational research phase is usually very extensive and is likely to provide documentation and experience for virtually all of the elements of quality control. The duration of the research phases is largely program-dependent, whereas the scope of research subject matter is generally simular from program to program. The relationship of pre-operational research in release programs to program decision-making and the establishment of quality control methodology is outlined in this report
Identifying requirements for a disaster‐monitoring system

Purpose – The main objective of this study is to identify and define three sets of factors that might be useful for designing a disaster monitoring and response system.Design/methodology/approach – First, a literature (meta) analysis is presented using academic research. The method was mainly based on a review of the scientific literature. The paper then identifies three sets of factors that may be employed when designing disaster monitoring and response systems.Findings – The paper finds that successful operation of an organization that hosts a disaster monitoring system requires that operators and computers work together.Research limitations/implications – The model itself in this study is not all‐inclusive. An issue that deserves to be looked into is what role other technical, human, and organizational factors play in system performance.Practical implications – The importance of disaster monitoring and response systems increased in recent years because of an increase in the numbers of deaths, the numbe...
Interactions of precipitation/dissolution waves and ion exchange in flow through permeable media

This paper describes reactive flow in permeable media based on a numerical model that assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium. The model simulates single-phase, one-dimensional flow with greater generality than any model in the current literature. The mathematical foundation for the formulation is discussed in some detail. Results for hypothetical examples demonstrate that ion exchange and precipitation/dissolution of solids can interact to produce wave behavior not possible with either phenomenon alone. An important application involving both ion exchange and precipitation/dissolution is alkaline flooding. Model predictions for several laboratory alkaline floods indicate that the assumption of equilibrium is justified for these experiments. Simple calculations based on the equilibrium theory provide estimates of pH loss and hydroxide penetration distance.
Employment and Earnings in High-Tech Ethnic Niches

The increase in high-skilled immigrants to the United States coincided with the expansion of the high-technology sector, and now a large share of Asian immigrants concentrate in high-tech industries. Despite much research on the relationship between ethnic concentration and labor market outcomes, the association between ethnic niche employment and earnings within the high-technology sector of the labor market has yet to be examined. This study compares the relationship between employment in ethnic niches and earnings within high- and low-tech industries among Asian immigrants. In low-technology industries, ethnic niches are generally associated with lower earnings compared with non-niches, but in high-technology industries, employment in an ethnic niche is associated with higher earnings. These patterns vary by gender and ethnic group. This association is partly explained by the industries that comprise ethnic niches, as non-Hispanic white immigrants also experience some of the same advantages and disadvantages.