cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical and Numerical Study of Crushing of Syntactic Foams Under Uniaxial Compression

Syntactic foams are a class of particulate composites made with hollow microspheres dispersed uniformly in a matrix. By the inclusion of hollow spheres in the matrix, the bulk mechanical properties are improved by limiting the bending of cell edges and localization of inelastic deformation, which is the cause of failure in the case of low-density foams. For the general class of cellular materials, several analytical and experimental methods are available in the literature to characterize the material. In the case of syntactic foams, relatively few methods exist for the computation of effective elastic properties and methods for analyzing the crush behavior of the syntactic foams are rather limited. In this research, the quasi-static crushing behavior of syntactic foam under uniaxial compression is investigated using analytical and numerical methods. To better understand the bulk behavior of syntactic foam, a micromechanical study is conducted to analyze the crushing of hollow spheres in dilute concentration. Initially the stress fields around dilute concentration are derived using continuum mechanics principles and subsequently a limit analysis is performed. To gain further insight into the deformation fields and deformations of cell walls leading to densification, a finite element (FE) analysis is performed. Assuming a periodic repetition of a representative volume of the material would correspond to the bulk material, axisymmetric and 3D finite element models are developed. The numerical computations are compared with the analytical results obtained in this study, and with experimental data reported in the literature. Using the FE models, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of microsphere strength and elastic mismatch between the matrix and the inclusions on the crush behavior of syntactic foam.Copyright © 2008 by General Motors
MECHANISMS IN THE SUPPRESSION OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THE GUINEA PIG BY 6-MERCAPTOPURINE

The mechanism of suppression, of delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein by 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was studied in guinea pigs. Under the conditions of the protocol, suppression of tuberculin delayed skin test reactivity was not associated with a significantly altered end-organ response to mediators of permeability. No significant alteration of in vivo lymphoid activity, as measured by reconstitution studies, was found. In addition, lymphoid cells from 6-MP-treated animals reacted in a fashion similar to those of placebo-treated animals with respect to (a) antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, (b) antigen-induced liberation of macrophage inhibitory factor activity, (c) direct inhibition by antigen of peritoneal exudate cell migration. Conversely, suppression was seen in levels of blood monocytes and in vitro function of macrophages from 6-MP-treated animals in several respects: (a) adherence to glass, (b) migratory rate, (c) phagocytic capacity. Therefore, it would appear that a ma]or mechanism of 6-MP-induced suppression of delayed hypersensitivity is through its action on effector cells.
Michigan Molecular Interactions (MiMI): putting the jigsaw puzzle together

Protein interaction data exists in a number of repositories. Each repository has its own data format, molecule identifier and supplementary information. Michigan Molecular Interactions (MiMI) assists scientists searching through this overwhelming amount of protein interaction data. MiMI gathers data from well-known protein interaction databases and deep-merges the information. Utilizing an identity function, molecules that may have different identifiers but represent the same real-world object are merged. Thus, MiMI allows the users to retrieve information from many different databases at once, highlighting complementary and contradictory information. To help scientists judge the usefulness of a piece of data, MiMI tracks the provenance of all data. Finally, a simple yet powerful user interface aids users in their queries, and frees them from the onerous task of knowing the data format or learning a query language. MiMI allows scientists to query all data, whether corroborative or contradictory, and specify which sources to utilize. MiMI is part of the National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics (NCIBI) and is publicly available at: http://mimi.ncibi.org.
A three‐signal model of T‐cell lymphoma pathogenesis

T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis and classification have, until recently, remained enigmatic. Recently performed whole-exome sequencing and gene-expression profiling studies have significant implications for their classification and treatment. Recurrent genetic modifications in antigen ("signal 1"), costimulatory ("signal 2"), or cytokine receptors ("signal 3"), and the tyrosine kinases and other signaling proteins they activate, have emerged as important therapeutic targets in these lymphomas. Many of these genetic modifications do not function in a cell-autonomous manner, but require the provision of ligand(s) by constituents of the tumor microenvironment, further supporting the long-appreciated view that these lymphomas are dependent upon and driven by their microenvironment. Therefore, the seemingly disparate fields of genomics and immunology are converging. A unifying "3 signal model" for T-cell lymphoma pathogenesis that integrates these findings will be presented, and its therapeutic implications briefly reviewed.
Improving Valuation Under Consumer Search: Implications for Pricing and Profits

There is a growing trend in the retail industry to improve customer experience. In this article, we study retailer-initiated strategies to increase consumer valuation for a product under duopoly. In such a setting, it is possible that a consumer’s valuation may be increased by one retailer; however, the consumer may decide to buy the product from the competitor. We consider a two-stage game where retailers first decide whether to invest in improvements in customer valuation and then engage in price competition. We computationally explore the Nash equilibria in terms of both investment and pricing. We find that in the majority of cases retailers price in a manner to discourage their local customers to buy from the competitor. Next, we focus on the pricing game and theoretically characterize the pricing Nash equilibrium. We find that a retailer could overcome competitive effects by improving consumer valuation beyond a certain threshold. We also find that a retailer who does not invest could benefit from competition in situations where his competitor increases consumer valuation beyond a threshold. Finally, we explore through a computational study the Nash equilibria of the two-stage game using an alternate model to establish the robustness of our findings.
The Economic and Workforce Development Activities of American Business Associations

Renewed scholarly interest in clusters of firms has increased attention on institutions—including business associations—that serve them. Scholars investigating “labor market intermediaries” also wonder to what extent employers' associations conduct workforce development. Much research has been done on business associations in Europe and less developed countries; less studied are those in the United States. This article fills this gap by reporting survey results from 716 American business associations. The article asks, To what extent do American business associations engage in economic development activities beyond lobbying? Does involvement in economic development predict involvement in workforce development? and Are those who engage in more strategic economic development activities more likely to conduct strategic workforce development? Using regression analysis, we find that a substantial share are involved in more strategic economic and workforce development activities and that economic development—sp...
Genome-enabled development of DNA markers for ecology, evolution and conservation.

Molecular markers have become a fundamental piece of modern biology’s toolkit. In the last decade, new genomic resources from model organisms and advances in DNA sequencing technology have altered the way that these tools are developed, alleviating the marker limitation that researchers previously faced and opening new areas of research for studies of non-model organisms. This availability of markers is directly responsible for advances in several areas of research, including fine-scaled estimation of population structure and demography, the inference of species phylogenies, and the examination of detailed selective pressures in non-model organisms. This review summarizes methods for the development of large numbers of DNA markers in nonmodel organisms, the challenges encountered when utilizing different methods, and new research applications resulting from these advances.
Implementation of a Strength Training Program for a 5-Year-Old Child With Poor Body Awareness and Developmental Coordination Disorder

Background and Purpose This case report describes how a strength (muscle force-generating capacity) training program was associated with changes in muscle strength, motor function, and proprioceptive position sense in a young child with poor body awareness and a diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. Case Description Assessment of a prekindergarten child referred for physical therapy because of behaviors compatible with poor body awareness revealed muscle weakness, poor performance on the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and poor proprioception. Physical therapy testing done when the child was 5 years of age contributed to a pediatrician-assigned diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder. A 12-week strength training program was initiated. Outcomes Improvements were noted in muscle strength, gross motor function, and proprioception. Discussion Research indicates that muscles provide information about joint position. Evidence suggests that muscle strength gains seen in children are the result of neuromuscular learning and neural adaptations; therefore, a structured strength training program may have contributed to proprioceptive changes in this child.
Degradation in iTMC OLEDs

The processes underlying degradation of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are gradually becoming understood. In ruthenium-based ionic transition metal complex (iTMC) OLEDs, a dimeric species forms during device operation that quenches light emission [1]. Water has been implicated in this degradation process [2]. We report recent studies on degradation of OLEDs fabricated with Ir(ppy)2(dtb-bpy)PF6 [ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, dtb-bpy = 4,4’-di-tert-butyl 2,2’-bipyridine [3]. We have found that applying a thicker-than-usual metal electrode results in shorter turn-on times and higher light emission, though little improvement in lifetime. It appears that the degradation of these devices occurs by a different mechanism from that of the ruthenium-based devices and may involve local heating leading to chemical decomposition of the organic material. Observation of recurring but often transient dark-colored substances in both the Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 and Ir(ppy)2(dtb-bpy)PF6 systems, seen both in the solid state and in solution samples, may also be indicative of decomposition.
Preferential states of longitudinal tension in the outer tissues of Taraxacum Officinale (Asteraceae) peduncles

We tested Wilhelm Hofmeister’s hypothesis that the outer layers of herbaceous stem tissues are held in a preferential state of longitudinal tension by more internal stem tissues that are held in a reciprocal state of compression. We measured (1) the biaxial stiffness of dandelion peduncles that were barometrically inflated with a Scholander pressure bomb, and (2) the stiffness and mechanical behavior of different layers of tissues that were surgically manipulated as longitudinal strips placed in uniaxial tension. Hofmeister’s hypothesis predicts that stems will shorten and expand in girth as their volume transiently increases (due to barometric or hydrostatic inflation), that they will longitudinally rupture when excessively inflated, and that the principal stiffening agents in their outer tissues will be aligned in the longitudinal direction with respect to stem length. Our experiments confirmed these predictions: (1) the longitudinal strains observed for inflated peduncles were negative and smaller than the circumferential strains such that stems contracted in length and expanded in girth, (2) peduncles longitudinally ruptured when excessively inflated, (3) surgical experiments indicated that the epidermis was stiffer in longitudinal tension than any other immature peduncle tissue and was as stiff as any other tissue region in mature stems, and (4) microscopic analyses showed that the net orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell walls of the outer region of stem tissues was parallel to stem length. A strong positive correlation existed between the tensile stiffness of tissues and the net orientation of cell wall microfibrils. A biomechanical model for the dandelion peduncle wall was constructed based on the thermal behavior of a cross-ply unidirectional composite material whose adjacent plies contain orthogonally oriented stiffening agents. This model accurately predicted the magnitudes of the tensile stiffness of different tissue regions, the proportional thickness of these regions, and the formation of a bulge in the epidermis and a crease on the inner surface of the stem wall when the innermost region of stem tissues was transversely cut. For each of its variants possessing an outer ply with longitudinally aligned stiffening agents (i.e., a 0 8 ply) and containing at least one internal ply with transversely aligned stiffening agents (i.e., a 90 8 ply), the model predicted a state of preferential longitudinal tension in the 0 8 ply (or plies) and of preferential longitudinal compression in the 908 ply as posited by Hofmeister’s hypothesis.
Performance evaluation of three distributed computing environments for scientific applications

Presents performance results for three distributed computing environments using the three simulated computational fluid dynamics applications in the NAS Parallel Benchmark suite. These environments are the Distributed Computing Facility (DCF) cluster, the LACE cluster, and an Intel iPSC/860 machine. The DCF is a prototypic cluster of loosely-coupled SGI R3000 machines connected by Ethernet. The LACE cluster is a tightly-coupled cluster of 92 IBM RS6000/560 machines connected by Ethernet as well as by either FDDI or an IBM Allnode switch. Results of several parallel algorithms for the three simulated applications are presented and analyzed, based on the interplay between the communication requirements of an algorithm and the characteristics of the communication network of a distributed system. >
Gendered Resources, Division of Housework, and Perceived Fairness—A Case in Urban China

Drawing upon equity and gender theories, we investigate Chinese couples' perceived fairness of the wife's disproportionately heavy household responsibility. Data come from in-depth interviews with 39 married couples in Beijing during the summer of 1998. Although housework division remained unequal among dual-earner couples, the majority of wives and husbands saw it as fair. We explore the notion of gendered resources by examining husbands' and wives' opinions about both paid and domestic work. We find that husband's breadwinner role and wife's housekeeper role retain their primary place in the family and that gender-role expectations produce gendered resources to both wives and husbands. These expectations release both the husbands, who have fulfilled the provider role, from the obligation to share housework equally, and the wives, who combine paid and domestic work, from an equal responsibility of breadwinning. Therefore, the failure to bring adequate gendered resources to a marriage, rather than the unequal distribution of housework, causes a sense of unfairness.
Appointment and medication non-adherence is associated with increased mortality in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Commentary on: Currie CJ, Peyrot M, Morgan CL, et al. The impact of treatment noncompliance on mortality in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1279– 84.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Diabetes increases the risk of death twofold; identifying novel modifiable risk factors could improve patient outcomes and focus healthcare spending in areas with the highest return. Non-adherence to prescribed medications and clinic appointments may be independent risk factors for excess mortality. Currie and colleagues performed a database review of insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes who followed up for 6 months prior to insulin initiation and at least 30 months post-insulin initiation during which compliance with any medications and appointments were evaluated. Mortality was assessed from the end of 36 months (index date) which fell between 2000 and 2009. Information from 15 984 charts was collected until death or … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DDiabetes%2BCare%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2337%252Fdc11-1277%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22511257%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=diacare&resid=35/6/1279&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F3%2F112.atom
Minimum description length vs. maximum likelihood in lossy data compression

This paper describes the minimum description length principle in maximum likelihood estimate(MLE) in lossy data compression. In the lossless case the problem of optimal compression is theoretically equivalent to finding a probability distributions and minimizes the code-lengths.
A self-calibration antenna array system with moving apertures

In this paper, an antenna array system with self-calibration capability to the antenna element position errors is proposed. The essential concept of self-calibration is to detect the element positions by using near field reference sources. The estimated position information is further substituted into the beamforming process to correct the distorted pattern of the antenna array. To validate the proposed concept, a test bed with a "distorted" eight element array is set up. With the proposed calibration architecture, the estimation of the position errors is within 7% of the free space wavelength. Based on the estimation information, the array pattern can thus be synthesized.
Remarkable stability in patterns of blood-stage gene expression during episodes of non-lethal Plasmodium yoelii malaria.

Microarray studies using in vitro cultures of synchronized, blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites have revealed a ‘just-in-time’ cascade of gene expression with some indication that these transcriptional patterns remain stable even in the presence of external stressors. However, direct analysis of transcription in P. falciparum blood-stage parasites obtained from the blood of infected patients suggests that parasite gene expression may be modulated by factors present in the in vivo environment of the host. The aim of this study was to examine changes in gene expression of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii 17X, while varying the in vivo setting of replication. Using P. yoelii 17X parasites replicating in vivo, differential gene expression in parasites isolated from individual mice, from independent infections, during ascending, peak and descending parasitaemia and in the presence and absence of host antibody responses was examined using P. yoelii DNA microarrays. A genome-wide analysis to identify coordinated changes in groups of genes associated with specific biological pathways was a primary focus, although an analysis of the expression patterns of two multi-gene families in P. yoelii, the yir and pyst-a families, was also completed. Across experimental conditions, transcription was surprisingly stable with little evidence for distinct transcriptional states or for consistent changes in specific pathways. Differential gene expression was greatest when comparing differences due to parasite load and/or host cell availability. However, the number of differentially expressed genes was generally low. Of genes that were differentially expressed, many involved biologically diverse pathways. There was little to no differential expression of members of the yir and pyst-a multigene families that encode polymorphic proteins associated with the membrane of infected erythrocytes. However, a relatively large number of these genes were expressed during blood-stage infection regardless of experimental condition. Taken together, these results indicate that 1) P. yoelii gene expression remains stable in the presence of a changing host environment, and 2) concurrent expression of a large number of the polymorphic yir and pyst-a genes, rather than differential expression in response to specific host factors, may in itself limit the effectiveness of host immune responses.
Hallmarks of Metastasis

Metastasis is rarely due to accidental sloughing off of cancerous cells from a nonmalignant tumor and colonizing elsewhere; on the contrary, it is an active process requiring genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms leading to the formation of a cell capable of responding to certain chemotactic signals that direct motility, interacting with other cells to be co-translocated, implanting in foreign locations, avoiding immune response, being refractory to growth inhi- bitory signals, and proliferating independently of growth factors for sustained cell division. The complexity of these processes necessitates a detailed under- standing of the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind each of these steps. In this chapter, we will discuss hallmarks of metastatic process, along with theories proposed, genes involved, techniques to monitor, and therapeutic implications.
Reinventing youth sport: formative findings from a state-level action research project

American rates of participation in youth sport have been an increasing policy concern because they remain low, drop out accelerates as children age, and the most salient American sports are experie...
6 – Welding as a Joining Process

Welding, as known by most people, might at first seem like a fairly new process. Intense blue-white electric arcs welding bridges, spark-spitting resistance robots welding automobiles, and thread-thin beams of laser light or electrons welding in outer space—all epitomize just how far we have come technologically when it comes to joining. But welding is actually quite old; it is ancient, in fact. While the great majority of welding processes were invented in fairly recent times, some, such as hammer or forge welding, have a very long history. Welding first evolved as an important technique for fabricating metals, as part of the copper- and then brass- and then iron-making processes, 1 as well as a principal means of making products from these metals by joining small pieces into larger objects. Welding involves bringing the surfaces of metals to be joined close enough together for atomic bonding to occur as the natural consequence of atoms seeking to create for themselves a stable electron configuration. In its broadest sense, welding includes any process that causes materials to join through the attractive action of interatomic or intermolecular forces, as opposed to purely macroscopic or even microscopic mechanical interlocking forces. Thus, welding (which will be addressed in this chapter), brazing (addressed in Chapter 7), soldering (addressed in Chapter 8), and even adhesive bonding (addressed in Chapter 4) can all be considered “welding” processes by the preceding definition.
Binding as sets of scopes

Our new macro expander for Racket builds on a novel approach to hygiene. Instead of basing macro expansion on variable renamings that are mediated by expansion history, our new expander tracks binding through a set of scopes that an identifier acquires from both binding forms and macro expansions. The resulting model of macro expansion is simpler and more uniform than one based on renaming, and it is sufficiently compatible with Racket's old expander to be practical.
Effect analysis of fingerprint image preprocessing

The pretreatment of digital fingerprint is a key of the entire identification process,comprehensively analyzing the characteristic of every kind pretreatment method is helpful to improve the pretreatment algorithm.Through the experimental result of the various methods of pretreatment,the effects were illuminated;appraisal of every kind pretreatment method was given;the optimal scheme of enhanced fingerprints based on the Fourier transform and direction information was determined,and the standard of the comparing pretreatment algorithm was proposed.
Affect Mental Health of Students on Academic Performance

Objective To investigate the influence of different mental health status on academic performance of juniorstudents.Methods A cluster sampling method of extraction of 556 junior students in the university, aged 20 to 26 years old. Symptom selftest scale SCL-90 and general survey of psychological test data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results Psychological problems group score lower than the normal group(P0.05) different results of the academic achievement influential with different gender, maternal education level, whether intends to the Kaoyan and so on. Various factors of SCL-90 interpersonal sensitivity score was positively related to depression and neuropathy with academic performance was negatively correlated and statisti-cally significant(P0.05). Conclusion Dalian junior students interpersonal sensitivity, depression, neuropathy of the three psychological factors impact on academic performance.
Plans and innovations for the 2020 decennial census of the United States1

The purpose of the 2020 Census is to conduct a census of population and housing and disseminate the results to the President, the states, and the American people. The goal of the 2020 Census is to count everyone once, only once, and in the right place, and the challenge is to do this at a lower cost per household than the 2010 Census, while maintaining high quality results. The Census Bureau addressed this challenge first by identifying the major cost drivers of the decennial census. From 2013 through 2015, the Census Bureau conducted research and testing related to major innovations that showed promise of significant cost savings. Across four key innovation areas, the Census Bureau believes it can avoid over $5 billion in costs relative to the cost of repeating the 2010 Census design and operations in 2020. The Census Bureau used the results of the research and testing, other key information, and input from a wide variety of stakeholders to design the 2020 Census. The Census Bureau documented and published its 2020 Census Operational Plan on October 6, 2015, accompanied by revised lifecycle costs estimates and the overall 2020 Census lifecycle budget.
Learning disjunctions: near-optimal trade-off between mistakes and "I don't know"s

@ mistakes while answering "I don't know" O(n2 log log n) times. On the lower bound side, we show that any algorithm making o(n/log n) mistakes must answer "I don't know" a superpolynomial number of times. By contrast, no previous lower bounds were known, and the best previous algorithms (by Sayedi et al. who introduced the model) either make at most 1/3n mistakes while answering "I don't know" O(n) times with linear running time per answer, or make O(n/log n) mistakes while answering "I don't know" O(n2) times with exponential running time per answer. Our lower bound establishes optimality of the latter mistake bound, assuming a polynomial number of "I don't know"s. The running time of our algorithms (per answer) are
Mind Perception and Willingness to Withdraw Life Support

Discussions of withdrawal of life support often revolve around a patient’s perceived level of suffering or lack of experience. Personhood, however, is often linked to personal agency (e.g., self-control, ability to plan). In the present study, 279 laypeople estimated the amount of agency and experience in hypothetical patients differing in degree of consciousness. Participants also indicated whether they would choose to maintain or terminate life support. Patients were more likely to terminate life support for a patient in a persistent vegetative state (PVS), followed by one with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in a minimally conscious state (MCS). The decision to maintain life support was reliably predicted by perceptions of a patient’s agency but life support decisions were not significantly predicted by ratings of experience. In sum, decisions regarding maintaining life support are more influenced by perceptions of a patient’s ability to plan and act than by perceptions of a patient’s ability to feel or experience.
Effects of pomegranate extract on blood flow and vessel diameter after high-intensity exercise in young, healthy adults.

AbstractThe effects of pomegranate extract (PE) supplementation were evaluated on high-intensity exercise performance, blood flow, vessel diameter, oxygen saturation (SPO2), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP). In a randomized, crossover design, nineteen recreationally resistance-trained participants were randomly assigned to PE (1000 mg) or placebo (PL), which were consumed 30 min prior to a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and repetitions to fatigue (RTF) on bench and leg press. The RSA consisted of ten six-second sprints on a friction-loaded cycle ergometer with 30 s recovery. Brachial artery blood flow and vessel diameter were assessed by ultrasound. Blood flow, vessel diameter, SPO2, HR, and BP were assessed at baseline, 30 min post ingestion, immediately post exercise (IPost), and 30 min post exercise (30minPost). With PE, blood flow significantly increased IPost RSA (mean difference = 18.49 mL min−1; P < .05), and IPost and 30minPost RTF (P < .05) according to confidence intervals (CI). Vess...
Simulating electromagnetic wave propagation on moving humans: Comparison with experimental results

A simulation model for analyzing electromagnetic on-body wave propagations is proposed. The simulation method utilizes motion capture input data, a simplified human phantom model, and full wave electromagnetic simulation methods. A comparison of simulation results and experimental data for differently-sized human body models is shown.
Mesoscale Eddies and Submesoscale, Coherent Vortices: Their Existence Near and Interactions with the Gulf Stream

Abstract An array of tall current meter moorings, bottom-mounted inverted echo sounders and pressure gauges was deployed for one year in an area about 150-500 km northeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The Gulf Stream jet was observed by the upper current meters in the array, and the deep western boundary current was observed by several of the deep instruments. Numerous mesoscale eddies and submesoscale, coherent vortices (SCVs) were observed progressing through the region. Two types of mesoscale eddies were seen. Three cold-core Gulf Stream rings were observed, two of which interacted with the Stream, ultimately coalescing with the jet within the array area. Associated with the first ring-Stream interaction was a lateral shift of the position of the Gulf Stream's axis. This shift repositioned the jet about 100 km seaward, and this new path lasted for several months. The second ring-Stream interaction was followed by another shift in the Stream's path. The bottom pressure signal observed during each ring passage through the area gave clear evidence of a vertical “tilt” to each ring's low pressure center. The second type of mesoscale eddy observed was an intriguing, subsurface, anticyclonically swirling warm eddy which moved through the array area along the seaward side of the Gulf Stream in the Sargasso Sea. This 160 km diameter eddy had maximum observed swirl velocities over 50 cm/sec and a positive temperature anomaly of about 4° C., both at about 900 m below the sea sufrace. No clear surface temperature expression was observed by satellite, and the in situ velocity observations suggest that there was little surface velocity, implying that this energetic feature was an interior eddy. Its movement was complex, with a northeastward progression through the array area followed by a seaward turn and another transit through the array area towards the southwest. Progression speed in either direction was about 12-15 km/day. The origin of this eddy and its level of interaction with the Gulf Stream are not clear at this point in the analysis. The SCVs were seen mostly below and beside the Gulf Stream jet, with both cyclonically and anticyclonically swirling SCVs observed. That none were observed in the Gulf Stream jet implies that either SCV transit speeds there were too fast to allow their detection, or that SCVs become sheared apart by the Stream and lose their identity. Of the nineteen SCVs identified, anticyclones outnumbered cyclones almost two to one. The anticyclones typically had larger diameters and higher swirl velocities than the cyclones.
Association between weight bias internalization and metabolic syndrome among treatment‐seeking individuals with obesity

Objective Weight stigma is a chronic stressor that may increase cardiometabolic risk. Some individuals with obesity self-stigmatize (i.e., weight bias internalization, WBI). No study to date has examined whether WBI is associated with metabolic syndrome. Methods Blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at baseline in 178 adults with obesity enrolled in a weight-loss trial. Medication use for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and prediabetes was included in criteria for metabolic syndrome. One hundred fifty-nine participants (88.1% female, 67.3% black, mean BMI = 41.1 kg/m2) completed the Weight Bias Internalization Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, to assess depressive symptoms). Odds ratios and partial correlations were calculated adjusting for demographics, BMI, and PHQ-9 scores. Results Fifty-one participants (32.1%) met criteria for metabolic syndrome. Odds of meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome were greater among participants with higher WBI, but not when controlling for all covariates (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.00–2.13, P = 0.052). Higher WBI predicted greater odds of having high triglycerides (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.14–3.09, P = 0.043). Analyzed categorically, high (vs. low) WBI predicted greater odds of metabolic syndrome and high triglycerides (Ps < 0.05). Conclusions Individuals with obesity who self-stigmatize may have heightened cardiometabolic risk. Biological and behavioral pathways linking WBI and metabolic syndrome require further exploration.
ELEVATED RIGHT SIDED HEART PRESSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH MALNUTRITION IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION

Background: In heart failure (HF) patients, malnutrition was investigated to be related to altered intestinal function, which could be caused by bowel edema and hypoperfusion. However, relationships between malnutrition and hemodynamic parameters have not been fully elucidated. Methods: We
NFL Bullying Issues Extend Far Beyond Incognito

An examination of bullying in NFL locker rooms and it's league-wide effect on players, coaches, and other team employees.
Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

Screening for osteoporosis is the initial step in making a diagnosis. Primary care physicians are becoming increasingly attuned to populations at risk for this condition which affects significant numbers of women and older men in the United States and abroad. This chapter will focus on the key components of diagnosis: relevant family and personal history that might contribute to risks for osteoporosis, physical examination findings, imaging, and laboratory studies. All four components are important in the diagnosis and initial care of a patient at risk for osteoporosis as well as a patients in the early phases of established osteoporosis.
935 A quality improvement initiative reduces cast complications in a paediatric hospital

Background Casts are frequently used as routine treatment in paediatric orthopaedic practice, and yet are not without complications. At our large tertiary care paediatric hospital, baseline rate of all casting complications was 5.6 complications per 1000 casts applied (0.56%). Objectives The project aimed to decrease the overall cast complication rate and improve patient care using quality improvement (QI) methodology. Methods We implemented quality improvement concepts derived from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) models, including Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles, to perform a quality improvement initiative to decrease our cast complication rate. We developed a resident casting education program with a competency ‘checklist’ to ensure that casts are applied, bivalved, and removed in a safe and standardised manner to prevent patient harm. We implemented a policy and procedure change, requiring AquaCast Saw Stop Protective Strips to be applied with every cast application. We reviewed our facility’s processes and procedures and determined adequate measures were in place to effectively manage inventory and maintenance of cast saw blades. Results With the multi-modal QI intervention, our complication rate was reduced to 0.15 complications per one thousand applications, a more than 90% improvement. Conclusions Implementation of QI concepts to perform a quality improvement initiative resulted in a shift toward fewer cast complications, leading to overall improved patient care at a large tertiary paediatric hospital.
The Tobacco Control Vaccine: a population-based framework for preventing tobacco-related disease and death

Vaccines serve a critical role in the prevention and control of communicable diseases.1 Vaccines have prevented countless cases and saved millions of lives globally from diseases such as polio, smallpox, measles, diphtheria, influenza and multiple others.1 Given the critical importance and past impact of population-based prevention interventions in combating the tobacco epidemic,2 3 we describe a population-based model for reducing tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure using the public health principles of vaccination. The Tobacco Control Vaccine is comprised of proven population-based preventive measures to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related morbidity and mortality (figure 1). It is founded on existing evidence-based frameworks,3 4 such as MPOWER,4 and is intended to serve as a public health messaging complement to these frameworks to enhance understanding and implementation of proven interventions. In addition to the components of the vaccine (content), its ultimate impact on public health is contingent on robust population-level protection (coverage) and the extent to which these components are supported and advanced by key stakeholders (community). Figure 1 The Tobacco Control Vaccine. The four evidence-based components of the Tobacco Control Vaccine include: (1) tobacco price increases; (2) smoke-free policies; (3) hard hitting media campaigns and (4) cessation access. ### Tobacco price increases Sizeably increasing the price of tobacco products is the single most effective intervention …
Assessing and addressing cardiovascular risk in young women.

Over the past two decades there has been an increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality for young women aged 35-54 years that corresponds with an increase in CVD risk factors. Yet, both young women and their providers underestimate CVD risk. Expert recommendations to provide patient education on CVD prevention and consider CVD risk factors in women have failed to detail the unique considerations in young women. The American Academy of Nursing (Academy) supports: (a) increasing National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for both basic research and clinical trials that focus on CVD risk in young women; (b) amplifying health care system quality improvement initiatives to increase clinicians' rates of practice consistent with clinical guidelines for CVD risk; (c) partnering among primary care providers and specialists in women's health and cardiovascular health to assess and manage women's CVD risk; and (d) collaborating with public health and community organizations to lead initiatives for CVD risk reduction in young women.
The impact of burnout on doctorate nursing faculty's intent to leave their academic position: A descriptive survey research design.

Abstract Background Despite the fact that the great demands placed on many nursing faculty put them at high risk for job burnout; there are limited studies exploring the relationship between burnout and leaving their academic positions. Objective The objective of this study is to address the national nursing faculty shortage by examining demographics, teaching preparation in the doctoral program, and burnout to determine intent to leave nursing academia among PhD and DNP-prepared nursing faculty. Design A descriptive survey research design was used to identify the most significant factors related to faculty intent to leave their academic position. Settings An online national survey of doctorate faculty throughout the U.S. was administered. Participants Full-time nursing faculty who had earned a PhD or DNP degree in nursing with four or less years ofteaching experience after doctoral program graduation were recruited. Methods Data was collected from an the online survey posted on Qualtrics. Logistical regression models were used to interpret data significance. Results A total of 146 nursing faculty responded to the online survey. 51.4% of the respondents (n = 75) had a DNP degree and 48.6% (n = 71) had a PhD degree. 61% of the respondents were over the age of 50 with the remaining 39% of the respondents between ages 20 and 49. PhD-prepared faculty reported higher emotional exhaustion compared to DNP-prepared faculty. Findings revealed that degree type (PhD versus DNP), age, and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in burnout were significant predictors related to intent to leave nursing academia. Conclusions To address the nursing faculty shortage issue, it is critical to create supportive and positive working environments to promote the well-being of nursing faculty, provide additional emotional support for the specific PhD-prepared faculty needs that contribute to burnout, and encourage nurses to begin an academic career earlier to help retain nursing faculty in academic settings.
Successful management of small cell carcinoma of the bladder with cisplatin and etoposide.

Abstract A 63-year-old white man with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the bladder attained a complete remission with a combination of etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy, which has lasted for more than 2 years. (J. Urol., 142: 817, 1989)
How to Parametrize the Solutions of Lagrangian Field Theories: Symmetry Breaking, and Dimensional Interpolation and Renormalization in the (ϕ4)n Model

At the present stage of development of Lagrangian quantum field theory, information about model theories is available from several sources with quite different levels of mathematical completeness. For example, there is constructive quantum field theory, the results of which are typically mathematical theorems; it undertakes to construct solutions of specific models and then to establish their main properties with complete mathematical rigor. A second example is the analysis of high-energy and low-energy behavior using the method of the renormalization group. This analysis assumes that the models studied have solutions and deduces properties of those solutions from further assumptions (e.g. differentiability in parameters and the equivalence of a redefinition of the normalization of Green’s functions to a multiplicative renormalization) about the functions controlling high energy behavior. There are other sources of information; a complete list will not be given here.
Balancing Trust and Automation Needs for Effective Home Energy Management

With the increasing shortage of energy resources and the adverse impact of non-renewable fuels on the environment, there is a shift in the consumer’s mindset to emphasize managing and utilizing energy efficiently, reducing green house emissions and contributing to a clean environment. This is especially true to the residential markets where a trusted Home Energy Manager (HEM) device can aid in automating and delivering effective energy management strategies in homes. Home users are often passive in their interaction and have to be engaged and reassured that a HEM device contributes positively to the goal of home energy management. The objective is to boost their trust and confidence in HEM by making information (such as energy costs, usage patterns, etc.) accessible and enabling them to act and conserve energy effectively based on the same. In this research, we explore and understand the potential factors that influence how users would engage and interact with HEM device. Some basic functions of the HEM device include: a trusted advisor that provides dynamic recommendations based on user’s interaction and behavior in the home; ability to sense occupancy within the home and automatically adjust schedules without the need for explicit human intervention; deduce energy usage patterns; and adapt energy management strategies based on the user profiles derived from their behaviors and interaction with the thermostat. Using a HEM device with the proper balance of automation and user engagement can have a positive impact on reducing the global energy consumption and the sustenance of our environment.
Cryopreservation of Mentha (Mint)

The genus Mentha is in the Lamiaceae and is divided taxonomically into five sections (Chambers and Hummer 1994a). The 19 species are all herbaceous perennials, except for the annual M. micrantha (Table 1), and have origins in Europe, Asia, Australia, Japan and Morocco. A discussion of the taxonomy of mint and some of the difficulties involved therein can be found in Harley and Brighton (1977) and Tucker et al. (1980). Chromosome numbers range from 18 to 96 among species. A base number of 12 is common, but within the section Pulegium base numbers of 10 and 12 are described (Murray et al. 1971; Chambers and Hummer 1994a). Hybridization among species within the section Mentha has been widely recognized and several hybrids are named, the most important one being peppermint (Mentha × piperita) arising from crosses between M. aquatica and M. spicata.
Obstacle Detection and Classification with Portable Uncalibrated Patterned Projected Light

Autonomous obstacle avoidance systems are instrumental for applications including assisting visually impaired people, guiding autonomous robots, and assisted driving. In this paper, we propose a novel method for autonomous obstacle detection and recognition, which employs a different type of sensor incorporating a patterned light with camera, and provides a lightweight, cost-conscious, energy-efficient, reliable and portable solution. Experimental results indicate that grids, projected by the patterned light source, are apparent and differentiable as the sensing system is hand-carried in both indoor and outdoor environments over and towards different types of obstacles. We propose methods for exploiting these patterns for obstacle detection and classification without requiring calibration. We demonstrate that obstacles can be classified by using our novel patterned light and camera setup and employing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based approach. The proposed method provides very promising results with overall detection and classification accuracies of 93.11% and 86.06% respectively.