cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LES of premixed and non-premixed combustion in a stagnation point reverse flow combustor

Abstract Numerical simulations of a low emission lab-scale burner, referred to as stagnation point reverse flow (SPRF) combustor are performed. The flow features and the combustion characteristics of both premixed and non-premixed modes are studied using large Eddy simulations (LES) using a sub-grid scalar mixing closure. The computed mean and root mean square (RMS) quantities in both premixed and non-premixed modes compare well with the corresponding experimental measurements. Computations accurately predict heat release, dilution of hot products with the reactants, entrainment rate of hot products into the fuel and air jets, and in the non-premixed mode, the mixing of fuel and air. Both computations and experiments show that the velocity field in both SPRF modes are qualitatively similar in the second half of the combustor. However, the heat release zones are quite different. In the premixed mode, flame is attached to the injector, while in the non-premixed mode, flame is lifted from the injector. Results are used to highlight some of these differences as well as some similarities. It is shown that premixing with hot products is the process that enables stable operation at a very lean equivalence ratio. In the non-premixed mode, significant partial mixing of fuel and air before the combustion zone results in combustion close to the premixed mode.
Changes in Chlorophyll a/b Ratio and Products of 14CO2 Fixation by Algae Grown in Blue or Red Light

Chlamydomonas and Chlorella were grown for 10 days in white light. 955 μw/cm2 blue light (400-500 mμ) or 685 μw/cm2 red light (above 600 mμ). Rates of growth in blue or red light were initially slow, but increased over a period of 5 days until normal growth rates were reestablished. During this adaptation period in blue light, total chlorophyll per volume of algae increased 20% while the chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased. In red light no change was observed in the total amount of chlorophyll or in the chlorophyll a/b ratio. After adaptation to growth in blue light and upon exposure to 14CO2 with either blue or white light for 3 to 10 minutes, 30 to 36% of the total soluble fixed 14C accumulated in glycolate-14C which was the major product. However, with 1 minute experiments, it was shown that phosphate esters of the photosynthetic carbon cycle were labeled before the glycolate. Glycolate accumulation by algae grown in blue light occurred even at low light intensity. After growth of the algae in red light, 14C accumulated in malate, aspartate, glutamate and alanine, whereas glycolate contained less than 3% of the soluble 14C fraction.
Transforming Growth Factor |[beta]|1 Inhibits Fetal Lamb Ductus Arteriosus Smooth Muscle Cell Migration

ABSTRACT: Anatomical closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) requires normally quiescent smooth muscle cells (SMC) to migrate out of the muscle media into the subendothelial space, forming intimal mounds that eventually coalesce to occlude the vessel's lumen. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), a potent modulator of vascular SMC migration, is found in the wall of the closing DA. We examined the effect of TGFβ1 on the migration of fetal lamb DA-SMC. Although TGFβ1 has been shown to be a chemoat-tractant for other mesenchymal cells, it had no chemotactic effect on DA-SMC; furthermore, TGFβ1 did not enhance the migration of DA-SMC (as has been reported for aortic SMC). Rather, incubating DA-SMC with TGFβ1 for 22 h decreased the rate of migration of SMC on extracellular matrix substrata composed of fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and collagen I and IV. Exposure of DA-SMC to TGFβ1 was associated with an increase in the formation of focal adhesion plaques (tight associations between the cells' surface and extracellular matrix). DA-SMC use integrin receptors to attach to and migrate on extracellular matrix components. The decrease in DA-SMC migration was not associated with a significant change in the profile of integrin receptors expressed by the cell. TGFβ1 had little effect on overall DA-SMC integrin expression, except for a modest increase in the fibronectin receptor (α5β1 integrin). Rather, the decrease in migration and changes in cell morphology were associated with an increased ability of integrin receptors to associate with the cytoskeleton. TGFβ1 appears to anchor the cell's cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, making the cells more adherent and less capable of migrating.
Opportunistic Urine Ligase Chain Reaction Screening for STDs in Adolescents Attending an Urban Emergency Department

Opportunistic Urine Ligase Chain Reaction Screening for STDs in Adolescents Attending an Urban Emergency Department
Phosphorylation of the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 immediate-early gene product ZEBRA.

Abstract Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BZLF1 gene product ZEBRA is a first step in the cascade of the virus-productive cycle. ZEBRA protein was detected by immunoblotting as a single band at 38 kDa in Akata cells after crosslinkage of membrane immunoglobulin G (IgG) with anti-IgG antibody. Immunoprecipitation of [32P]phosphate-labeled, anti-IgG-stimulated Akata cells with anti-ZEBRA antibody showed that ZEBRA was phosphorylated. Phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated phosphorylation of serine, but not threonine or tyrosine, and tryptic-peptide mapping showed multiple phosphorylated peptides of ZEBRA. Treatment with 8-bromo cAMP and blockage of phosphodiesterase by theophylline in anti- IgG-stimulated cells increased the phosphorylation of three ZEBRA peptides. Incubation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) reduced the phosphorylation of these three ZEBRA peptides, while treatment with staurosporine, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, enhanced their phosphorylations. These data suggest that activation of PKC with TPA induces the ZEBRA dephosphorylation and that activation of CAMP-dependent protein kinase A enhances the ZEBRA phosphorylation at the specific sites.
Eavesdropping and jamming in next-generation wireless networks: A game-theoretic approach

The efficient design of next-generation wireless systems faces multifaceted problems involving a variety of node types such as wireless users, relay stations, base stations, eavesdroppers, and jammers. In this paper, the complex decision making processes between a network of wireless users that perform uplink transmission via relay stations and an active malicious node, that is able to act as an eavesdropper and as a jammer, is studied. A noncooperative game in which the users and the malicious node are the players is formulated. On the one hand, the users seek to choose the relay station that maximizes their utilities which reflect their mutual interference as well as the security of the chosen path. On the other hand, the objective of the malicious node is to choose whether to eavesdrop, jam, or use a combination of both strategies, in a way to reduce the total network capacity. To solve the game, a fictitious play-based algorithm is proposed using which the users and the malicious node reach a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. Simulation results show that the proposed approach improves the average expected utility per user up to 49.4% relative to a nearest neighbor algorithm. The results also show how the malicious node can strategically decide on whether to jam or eavesdrop depending on its capabilities and objectives.
Toward an empirical subclassification of “learning disabilitiesℍ: A psychophysiological comparison of “hyperactiveℍ and “nonhyperactiveℍ subgroups

The diagnostic category of learning disabilities is a heterogeneous one, but few empirical attempts have been made to distinguish subgroups. Recent research, however, suggests that it may be meaningful to discriminate between “hyperactiveℍ and “nonhyperactiveℍ learning-disabled children. In the present study, 21 learning-disabled children identified as “hyperactiveℍ through teacher nominations and ratings were compared to 15 learning-disabled children identified as “nonhyperactiveℍ in the same manner. The two groups differed on rated behavior, birth order, amount of prescribed stimulant medication, amount of psychosocial stress, and Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale WISC-R IQ scores. They did not differ, however, on several demographic variables, the number of perinatal complications, reading achievement, and a number of tonic and phasic measures of autonomie activity. These findings support the distinction between “hyperactiveℍ and “nonhyperactiveℍ subgroups of learning-disabled children, but suggest that the two subgroups may have a similar biological substrate.
Neutrophil-derived relaxing factor relaxes vascular smooth muscle through a cGMP-mediated mechanism.

Abstract Neutrophils harvested from the peritoneal cavities of rats have been shown to release a factor that relaxes precontracted aorta and has a pharmacologic profile similar to that previously reported for endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). The present study was designed to determine if this neutrophil-derived relaxing factor (NDRF) relaxes rat aortic smooth muscle by affecting the intracellular cGMP levels. Aortic sheets (endothelium removed) were incubated in organ chambers in a physiological salt solution containing phenylephrine (1×10−7 M) and superoxide dismutase (10 or 100 U/ml). Basal cGMP levels (10 – 15 pmoles/g tissue) were not affected by the incubation reagents. Neutrophils (3×106 to 1×108 cells/10 ml) increased cGMP, but not cAMP, levels in a cell number-dependent manner. Peak induction occurred at 5 min of incubation. Methylene blue (1×10−5 M) inhibited and zaprinast (1×10−5 M) potentiated the neutrophil-induced increases in cGMP. The data thus support the hypothesis that neutrophil-induced vascular smooth muscle relaxation is mediated through a factor, NDRF, which increases intracellular cGMP levels.
Measurement equivalence of executives' performance ratings for same‐ and opposite‐gender dyads

The measurement equivalence of performance ratings from different raters is important to establish if researchers and practitioners want to have confidence that raters are using the performance measurement system in the same way. The purpose of the present study was to examine the measurement equivalence of performance ratings from male and female direct reports. Women and men executives from various organizations participated in a multisource assessment process for feedback and development purposes and were rated by both women and men direct reports. The results indicated gender equivalence for direct reports' ratings of men and women executives, meaning that regardless of gender, raters provided ratings using the same psychological metric. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Quantitation of lipids by charring on thin-layer plates and scintillation quenching: application to ceramide determination.

Abstract A method is described for the quantitative determination of lipids after separation by thin-layer chromatography: the lipid spots are visualized with a charring spray and the darkness of the spots is determined by measuring the quenching produced when the powder is suspended in a scintillation counting gel containing a radioactive sample. A standard curve produced with 2 to 20 μg of ceramide was linear, so only two standard spots (in duplicate) are needed on each thin-layer plate. Using the vertical sample streak technique, one can analyze three unknown samples (in duplicate) on each plate. This technique allows one to use the quantitative thin-layer approach without purchasing a special apparatus for the purpose. As an example of the method, we analyzed tissues for ceramide content, after first removing much polar lipid by a liquid/liquid partitioning technique. This is the most convenient method available for determining this minor, but widely distributed lipid.
Racial/Ethnic Identity, Religious Commitment, and Well-Being in African Americans:

Although the study of positive psychology has flourished in recent years, most research has focused on White samples. There is, however, a growing body of research examining cultural factors that m...
Divisionalization in large Yugoslav enterprises

Abstract In Yugoslavia the principle of enterprise independence from central control has developed into a principle of autonomy for divisions within the enterprise. This article describes the autonomy of, and the relationship among, divisions of large enterprises. Their legal and practical autonomy is shown to be extensive and transfer prices, which are determined by negotiations between divisions, generally approximate market prices. This situation provides information that is valuable in evaluating performance and making rational decisions. However, there are ties which hold together the divisions of an enterprise that make the enterprise a meaningful economic unit.
Enthalpy increments of {xCH3(CH2)3CH3+(1−x)CH3OH} and of {0.3334CH3(CH2)3CH3+0.3333CH3OH+0.3333(CH3)2CO} between the temperatures 291 K and 610 K at pressures to 10 MPa

Abstract Enthalpy-increment measurements were made on {xCH3(CH2)3CH3+ (1 −x)CH3OH} and {0.3334CH3(CH2)3CH3+ 0.3333CH3OH + 0.3333(CH3)2CO} along isobars fromp= 500 kPa top= 10 MPa, in the temperature range 291 K to 610 K, using a reference-fluid boil-off calorimeter. For {xCH3(CH2)3CH3+ (1 −x)CH3OH}, measurements were made atx= 0.25 andx= 0.75. In addition to the direct calorimetric results, the equation for the enthalpy increments of the liquid and vapor, as well as enthalpy-increment behavior in the supercritical region, are reported.
Catalyzed insertion reactions of substituted α-diazoesters. A new synthesis of cis-enoates

Abstract The decomposition of α-diazoesters is notably catalyst-dependent; with rhodium (II) carboxylates a stereoselective insertion reaction leads to the title structures in high yield.
Path components of matrices and strong shift equivalence over Q

Abstract We show that two positive matrices over Q + or R + which lie in the same component of a set { MϵM n ( R ) : M is conjugate over R to A } are strong shift equivalent. It is a simple corollary that 2 × 2 matrices over Q + are strong shift equivalent if they are shift equivalent. Conversely, we prove that if two matrices A, B over R + are strong shift equivalent, then A ⊕ 0, B ⊕ 0 can be joined by a path of nonnegative real matrices within the strong shift equivalence class of A , up to conjugation of B ⊕ 0 by a permutation matrix.
A feminist and evolutionary biologist looks at women

A biosocial perspective on women must emphasize the context-dependent nature of both their biological and their behavioral responses to the demands of reproduction. The evolutionary history of human female reproductive strategies has increased phenotypic and behavioral plasticity in ways that will optimize a woman's ability to access the resources necessary to produce and rear her children. These include a reproductive biology closely linked to shifts in social and physical resources, permitting an individual woman to adjust her investment at many points along the path of offspring development, and a behavioral pattern of family formation that optimizes women's access to resources through the most likely and predictable social networks. Compared to the reproductive strategies of female nonhuman primates, women are confronted with a series of adaptations peculiar to our species: (1) a high commitment to the rearing of multiple, nutritionally dependent young of differing ages, (2) an unending tradeoff between two often conflicting demands of production and reproduction, and (3) a bargain often struck with males for assistance in rearing young in exchange for confidence in paternity.
Pressing Effects on Yield, Quality, and Nutraceutical Content of Juice, Seeds, and Skins from Black Beauty and Sunbelt Grapes

ABSTRACT: The effects of hot and cold (nonheated) pressing on yield, quality components, and nutraceutical content of juice, grapes, and press fractions (seeds and skins) from Black Beauty (Vitis rotundifolia) and Sunbelt (Vitis labruscana L.) grape cultivars were evaluated. Heating the must before pressing increased juice yield, titratable acidity, red color, brown/yellow pigments, and darkness and decreased the press fraction yield and juice pH in both cultivars. Sunbelt juice from the heated must had the highest yield (786 L/metric ton), red color, brown/yellow pigments, and darkness. Black Beauty nonheated must had the largest press fraction (43%) but the lowest red color, brown/yellow pigments, and darkness in the juice. The juice generally had less total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) than the whole grapes. The juice from heated Black Beauty and Sunbelt musts had the highest total phenolics (1354 and 1937 mg/L, respectively) and anthocyanins (414 and 513 mg/L, respectively). Although the data for seeds and skins are on a dry basis, the press fractions had higher levels of phenolics and ORAC than the whole grapes and juice. The dried seeds had more phenolics and less anthocyanins than the skins. The highest total phenolic level (95338 mg/kg) equivalents and ORAC level (1100 μmol trolox/g) was in Black Beauty seeds from nonheated must. The skins of nonheated Sunbelt had the highest anthocyanins (11889 mg/kg). Because the press fractions of both cultivars had high ORAC values and total phenolic levels, products with nutraceutical benefits could be developed.
Anonymous and Distributed Community Cyberincident Detection

Communities are under attack from a variety of threat agents. The repercussions from these attacks will grow more severe as communities become increasingly reliant on cyberspace. Communities must be prepared to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from a wide variety of cyberincidents. The timely and useful detection of cyberattacks is a first step toward fast and effective response and recovery. However, centralized community cyberincident detection scales poorly, and community members are understandably hesitant to share sensitive security information. Anonymity is vital to protecting participants' privacy, and thereby encouraging their participation. A community cyberincident detection framework based on an anonymous, distributed, scalable information-sharing architecture addresses these issues.
On universal relevance in legal reasoning

The purpose of this essay is to defend a claim that a certain consideration, which I call unworkability, is universally and necessarily relevant to legal reasoning. By that I mean that it is a consideration that must carry legal weight in the justification of some judicial decisions in every legal system in which (1) all disputed matters of law can be adjudicated, and (2) all judicial decisions are to be legally justified. Unworkability's necessary relevance has important implications for a theory of relevance presented by Rolf Sartorius. On this theory, nearly all considerations that are relevant to a judicial decision are supplied by legal principles embedded in the legal rules and decisions, or by extralegal principles dependent, in some way, on the legal principles. (The exceptions to the embedding thesis that Sartorius would, no doubt, recognize are elaborated in the text but can be set aside here.) But there are possible legal systems which do not contain an embedded legal principle concerning unworkability; and nonetheless, unworkability is relevant to judicial reasoning in those systems. Hence, a theory of relevance that relies on principles embedded in the content of rules is too simplistic. Some substantive considerations are relevant for other reasons.
Generating fault-tolerant information distribution rules from high-level requirements specifications

A Rule-Based Information Distribution System (RBIDS) is a system that uses distributed rules to control message passing (communications) between distributed nodes within a real-time, concurrent distributed environment. The problem addressed in this paper is that there do not exist adaptation (debugging, error removal) algorithms that can be used to maintain existing information-distribution rules (IDRs) to achieve effective and efficient message-communication responses in a distributed system of fact and rule bases. A partial solution to this problem is presented in the paper. This paper presents an algorithm that is used to overcome dynamic erors that have occurred in a RBIDS environment.
Radiation measurements and applications. Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications Ann Arbor, MI, USA, May 21-23, 2002 ?

This 1990 symposium was the seventh in a series of meetings which began in 1964. The 300 participants from 23 countries and the 65 oral and 77 poster presentations were more than double the size of the 1985 symposium. Some of this increase derived from the broadened scope of the program. Previous meetings emphasized X-rays and gamma-rays, but it has been increasingly clear that distinction from other forms of radiation (i.e., electrons, alpha-particles and neutrons) was contrived. This broadening led to papers in fields such as airport'' monitors and arms control. However, most of the increase in size of the symposium is simply a reflection of the vigorous activity, both academic and industrial in radiation measurements and their many applications. The papers in these Proceedings are arranged by major topic without regard to whether the paper was invited or contributed, oral or poster. Discussion, although an important part of the meeting, was not recorded and therefore is not included in the Proceedings.
NASA Scatterometer near-real-time, value added products for meso/synoptic-scale marine forecasting

The potential for near-real-time NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) data to contribute to operational marine forecasting is described. A description of the NSCAT Value Added Product (VAP) activity-an effort to provide near-real-time wind images to the public and operational forecasters-is presented.
Dynamic modelling and link mechanism of mobile robot

After investigating muscle structures and their functions in insect legs, a four-legged mechanical model that completely describes any kinds of leg motion and structure is developed. Dynamic equations of motion, inverse kinematics, foot trajectory equations, and reaction forces are derived. To design a computationally efficient leg mechanism, a computer program called WALK is developed and used to compute the mechanical efficiency, depending on several factors such as duty factor, velocity, and divided front and rear stroke variations.
Computer‐Assisted Concept Analysis of HCR's First 25 Years

«Human Communication Research»'s (HCR) silver anniversary provides an occasion for an examination of the journal's history of publication. This was accomplished using new procedures for computer-assisted content analysis of text. Titles of 634 HCR articles were normalized using linguistic reduction, elimination of common words and terms with indiscriminate meaning, and tokenization of phrases and compound concepts. The resulting 86 most frequently occurring tokens were submitted to hierarchical cluster analysis to study conceptual linkage. Concepts represented in HCR articles were found to group into five large clusters: media, family, conflict, and learning; culture, social organization, and self; gender and language ; cognition, conversation, persuasion, and influence; and group decision making. Support and clarification are provided for findings that HCR serves as a liaison journal between mass and interpersonal communication. It is suggested that HCR's history of publication manifests a theory of communication that is rooted in social psychological traditions.
Diversity of MMSE Receivers in MIMO Multiple Access Channels

This letter analyzes the performance of MMSE receivers in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) multiple access channel (MAC). The Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff (DMT) of the MIMO MAC under MMSE reception easily follows from the single-user DMT, indicating that MMSE receivers are largely suboptimal for MIMO MAC. The main result of this letter is the calculation of the diversity of the MIMO MAC in the fixed-rate regime, i.e., when users transmit at non-zero rates that are not functions of SNR. In this regime, the MIMO MAC MMSE receivers exhibit interesting diversity behaviors whose characterization is completed by the contributions of this letter.
Resistance to Six Aminoglycosidic Aminocyclitol Antibiotics Among Enterococci: Prevalence, Evolution, and Relationship to Synergism with Penicillin

Abstract Two hundred and three recent clinical isolates of enterococci were tested for susceptibility to streptomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin. Depending upon the source of the isolate, 36 to 54% of the enterococci demonstrated high-level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration, >2,000 μg/ml) to streptomycin, 16 to 49% to kanamycin, and 0 to 14% to amikacin. None of the strains was highly resistant to gentamicin, sisomicin, or tobramycin. A comparison with isolates of enterococci obtained in 1968 revealed that there has been a decrease in prevalence of high-level resistance among organisms isolated from wound cultures in 1976. However, no decrease in resistance to streptomycin or kanamycin was demonstrated among blood or urine isolates. Penicillin, combined with gentamicin, sisomicin, or tobramycin, was synergistic against all 10 strains of Streptococcus faecalis subjected to formal testing. For streptomycin and kanamycin, the presence or absence of synergism with penicillin correlated with the absence or presence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance. High-level resistance to amikacin was seen in only 1 of the 10 strains. Nonetheless, combinations of penicillin plus amikacin failed to produce synergistic killing against 6 of the 10 strains. Indeed, the combination was synergistic only against those four strains that were susceptible to high levels of kanamycin.
Microwave pulse generation using the Bragg cutoff of a nonlinear transmission line

Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTL) have received considerable attention for their frequency conversion, fast pulse generation, and rise/falltime compression properties. Here we present a new mode of operation for the NLTL which uses falltime compression to generate short RF pulses near the Bragg cutoff frequency. While this phenomenon has been reported in circuit model simulations, we demonstrate, to our knowledge, its first experimental verification. We demonstrate control of the pulse center frequency using next-nearest neighbor coupling and examine the feasibility of MMIC implementation. Our resulting devices generate short microwave pulses suitable for short range wireless communication. The frequency conversion is non-harmonic and requires no active bias currents.
Justification of Staff Positions in a Tightening Marketplace

Recend economic and political changes in the health care environment have made justification of both new and vacant staff positions increasingly difficult. Occupational therapy managers have been forced with balancing higher program costs with reduced reimbursement. As a result, requests to increase or refill positions are closely scrutinized. Managers must be able to develop staff justifications utilizing program, productivity, wst, revenue and reimbursement projections based on viable marketing surveys. This paer resents guidelines for development of a marketing survey. &a& and rogram options based on the results of such a survey are examine ! and discussed. A staffing justification proposal is included which demonstrates an effective method whtch can use to develop dynamic programs and services to ensure continued growth of the profession of occupational therapy.nd=yes&
Cellular Physiology of Status Epilepticus

Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most physiologically extreme conditions encountered in the nervous system. Neurons fire at very high rates, releasing massive amounts of neurotransmitter and neuromodulatory molecules. Dramatic changes occur in membrane potentials and ionic distributions. There are marked increases in metabolic energy demands for glucose and oxygen, and in cerebral blood flow. Ultimately, during SE, a sequence of reversible and irreversible changes occurs at the level of single cells, as well as at the level of systemic physiology.
Chapter 7 Developing Country Use of the WTO Dispute Settlement System: Why it Matters, the Barriers Posed

This chapter examines the barriers posed for smaller and poorer World Trade Organization (WTO) members to challenge trade barriers under the WTO's dispute settlement understanding. It first addresses the implications of the judicialization of the WTO's dispute settlement system. It next examines reasons why participation in the WTO's dispute settlement system matters. It then summarizes the results of studies of the system's use and, in light of these findings, posits explanations for smaller developing countries' lack of engagement.
A method for accurate simulation of robotic spray application using empirical parameterization

As part of the development of SPRAYTOOL, an accurate simulator of robotically applied spray coatings on sculptured surfaces, a tabular technique was developed for representing with arbitrary accuracy the spray pattern from a robot sprayer. The method allows parameterization of this spray distribution using a single spray test pattern applied by the robot, without symmetry assumptions. The thickness of the test pattern is measured at a user-specified grid of points. These data are used to calculate a least-squares solution to an overdetermined set of linear equations, with optional user-scalable smoothing (via regularization) to suppress effects of measurement noise. In closed-loop testing of the parameterization and simulation process using pseudorandom noise in the measurement data, the solution table entries typically contain less noise than the individual thickness measurements on which they are based. >
The effect of corn oil on milk and butter-fat production and on the composition of butter fat in the dairy cow.

Summary 1. The ingestion of one pound, per day of corn oil by a dairy cow showed no significant changes in milk or butter fat production. 2. The corn oil decidedly changed the composition of the butter fat. The fatty acids were more unsaturated, of higher mean molecular weight, and the content of volatile soluble acids was reduced.
Cord serum IgA in congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

EVALUATION of cord serum concentrations of IgM has been reported as a useful but a nonspecific aid in the diagnosis of congenital infections caused by the TORCH agents (Toxoplasma, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes virus)? Melish and Hanshaw ~ reported that five of 19 (26%) infants with culture proved congenital cytomegalovirus infection had elevated cord IgM levels. It has been suggested that infants with congenital CMV infection may produce small amounts of IgA in response to antigenic stimulus by the virus2 McCracken and Shinefield a studied eight infants two to 11 days of age with clinical signs of CMV infection and found IgA present in all of the patients whereas age and weight-matched, noninfected control infants did not have detectable lgA. The concentrations of IgA and IgM in cord serum in congenitally infected and noninfected infants entered in a prospective study of congenital CMV infection are presented here.
Low dose bleomycin and methotrexate in cervical cancer

Twenty patients with recurrent and disseminated carcinoma of the cervix were treated with Bleomycin, 10 mg/m2 weekly and Methotrexate, 10 mg/m2 every fourth day. Twelve of the 20 (60%) had a greater than 50% shrinking of measured tumor masses lasting a median remission time of 7.5 months. The data suggest that combination protracted chemotherapy with these drugs of metastatic cervical cancer might improve the outlook of patients with this condition.
Classification of Atypical Language in Autism

Atypical or idiosyncratic language is a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this paper, we discuss previous work identifying language errors associated with atypical language in ASD and describe a procedure for reproducing those results. We describe our data set, which consists of transcribed data from a widely used clinical diagnostic instrument (the ADOS) for children with autism, children with developmental language disorder, and typically developing children. We then present methods for automatically extracting lexical and syntactic features from transcripts of children's speech to 1) identify certain syntactic and semantic errors that have previously been found to distinguish ASD language from that of children with typical development; and 2) perform diagnostic classification. Our classifiers achieve results well above chance, demonstrating the potential for using NLP techniques to enhance neurodevelopmental diagnosis and atypical language analysis. We expect further improvement with additional data, features, and classification techniques.
Estimating vertical stochastic scale parameters from seismic reflection data: deconvolution with non-white reflectivity

SUMMARY Seismic wavefields reflected from the Earth’s crystalline crust often appear quite complex due to the non-horizontally layered, seemingly random spatial patterns of velocity structure. Deterministic mapping of such a velocity field is often impractical, therefore, we rely on stochastic descriptions to quantify textural aspects of a given Earth model. This paper introduces an iterative method to invert (in 1-D) a reflected seismic wavefield for vertical stochastic parameters. In a previous method, standard deconvolution is used to form an estimate of the Earth’s reflectivity. Numerical integration of the resulting reflectivity is an estimate of the binary velocity
Finding Meaning in the Literary Patterns of Revelation

The literary arrangement of the book of Revelation is very complex. Although it has been generally recognized that the structural composition of Revelation adds to the understanding of its messages, there has not been scholarly consensus with regard to its basic structure. Commentators and expositors have offered a variety of proposals as to what the structural organization of Revelation was intended to mean; few expositors share exactly the same view. This paper explores some of the most representative proposals with regard to the structural organization of the last book of the Bible. These proposals should not be viewed as mutually exclusive and determinative. Although some offer more promising insights into the structural arrangement of Revelation than others, the variety of proposals express a broad spectrum of the bookOs design and composition, and also its overall theme. When brought together, they unpack the intention of the author of Revelation much more than otherwise possible.
Compositional dependence of electrical properties in plzst thin films

Abstract The purpose of this work was to conduct a systematic study of lanthanum doped lead zirconate stannate titanate (PLSZT) thin films with compositions in the antiferroelectric tetragonal (AFET) and the antiferroelectric orthorhombic (AFEO) region. The effects of varying factors such as Sn content, Zr content, etc. were studied. While the compositions in the AFET region demonstrate clear double hysteresis loops, there is always some remanent polarization when the electric field is removed. The remanent polarization decreases when compositions are chosen farther away from the ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase boundary. On the other hand in the AFEO region all the compositions show zero remanent polarization, especially those with higher Zr content which have previously seldom been studied. The results also show that these high Zr AFEO compositions have high energy storage densities making them suitable for energy storage applications such as decoupling capacitors in high speed multichip modules.
A Review of “Understanding Contemporary Strategy”

One of the most difficult tasks that any author faces when writing a textbook intended to be suitable for undergraduate use is balancing the requirement for accuracy and depth with the need to make...
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Burnout Among US Doctors of Chiropractic

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to establish the frequency of burnout among doctors of chiropractic in the United States. Methods Using a nonprobability convenience sampling methodology, we e-mailed the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey and a sociodemographic questionnaire to a randomized sample of licensed doctors of chiropractic (n = 8000). Results The survey return rate was 16.06%. Twenty-one percent of the participants had high emotional exhaustion (EE), 8% had low personal accomplishment, and 8% had high depersonalization. Discussion Significant differences ( P Conclusion Although doctors of chiropractic in the United States who responded to the survey had a relatively low frequency of burnout, higher levels of EE remain workplace issues for this professional group.
Effects of Plastics in Anaerobic Digestion of Urban Solid Wastes

Anaerobic digestion is a possible method for treating urban solid wastes. This pilot plant study was undertaken to ascertain the effect of plastic refuse on the anaerobic digestion process of municipal solid wastes. The air-blown polyethylene film present in the air classified light fraction of solid waste from Pompono Beach, Florida, U.S.A. was removed by visual separation. Control digesters operating on this substrate, produced more gas than test digesters to which the plastic scraps had been returned.
A Formal Approach to Linking Logical Form and Vector-Space Lexical Semantics

First-order logic provides a powerful and flexible mechanism for representing natural language semantics. However, it is an open question of how best to integrate it with uncertain, weighted knowledge, for example regarding word meaning. This paper describes a mapping between predicates of logical form and points in a vector space. This mapping is then used to project distributional inferences to inference rules in logical form. We then describe first steps of an approach that uses this mapping to recast first-order semantics into the probabilistic models that are part of Statistical Relational AI. Specifically, we show how Discourse Representation Structures can be combined with distributional models for word meaning inside a Markov Logic Network and used to successfully perform inferences that take advantage of logical concepts such as negation and factivity as well as weighted information on word meaning in context.
On Weak Convergence of Empirical Processes for Random Number of Independent Stochastic Vectors

Abstract : By the use of a semi-martingale property of the Kolmogorov supremum, the results of Pyke on the weak convergence of the empirical process with random sample size are simplified and extended to the case of p(>1)-dimensional stochastic vectors.
Scaling up: Using MOOCs to Increase Accessibility and Personalization for Students

The focus of this case study is an instructor’s reflection on her experience of transitioning her teaching from face to face to online to a massive open online course. The goal of the transition was to increase accessibility for students while maintaining the same level of engagement and application of content.
Student Speech Act Classification Using Machine Learning.

Dialogue-based intelligent tutoring systems use speech act classifiers to categorize student input into answers, questions, and other speech acts. Previous work has primarily focused on question classification. In this paper, we present a complimentary speech act classifier that focuses primarily on non-questions, which was developed using machine learning techniques. Our results show that an effective speech act classifier can be developed directly from labeled data using decision trees.
Methodologic quality of meta-analyses and systematic reviews on the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a review

Background Several systematic reviews/meta-analyses published within the past 10 y have examined the associations of Mediterranean-style diets (MedSDs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, these reviews have not been evaluated for satisfying contemporary methodologic quality standards. Objective This study evaluated the quality of recent systematic reviews/meta-analyses on MedSD and CVD risk outcomes by using an established methodologic quality scale. The relation between review quality and impact per publication value of the journal in which the article had been published was also evaluated. Design To assess compliance with current standards, we applied a modified version of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTARMedSD) quality scale to systematic reviews/meta-analyses retrieved from electronic databases that had met our selection criteria: 1) used systematic or meta-analytic procedures to review the literature, 2) examined MedSD trials, and 3) had MedSD interventions independently or combined with other interventions. Results Reviews completely satisfied from 8% to 75% of the AMSTARMedSD items (mean ± SD: 31.2% ± 19.4%), with those published in higher-impact journals having greater quality scores. At a minimum, 60% of the 24 reviews did not disclose full search details or apply appropriate statistical methods to combine study findings. Only 5 of the reviews included participant or study characteristics in their analyses, and none evaluated MedSD diet characteristics. Conclusions These data suggest that current meta-analyses/systematic reviews evaluating the effect of MedSD on CVD risk do not fully comply with contemporary methodologic quality standards. As a result, there are more research questions to answer to enhance our understanding of how MedSD affects CVD risk or how these effects may be modified by the participant or MedSD characteristics. To clarify the associations between MedSD and CVD risk, future meta-analyses and systematic reviews should not only follow methodologic quality standards but also include more statistical modeling results when data allow.
A Circulatory System Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the challenges in a military wireless sensor network is the determination of an information collection infrastructure which minimizes battery power consumption. The problem of determining the right information collection infrastructure can be viewed as a variation of the network design problem, with the additional constraints related to battery power minimization and redundancy. The problem in its generality is NP-hard and various heuristics have been developed over time to address various issues associated with it. In this paper, we propose a heuristic based on the mammalian circulatory system, which results in a better solution to the design problem than the state of the art alternatives.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR A CHANGE IN INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN DROSOPHILA.

Classical interspecific competition theory assumes all individuals of a particular species are genetically alike in their ability to compete with another species. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the importance of the genotypes of competing species on the outcome of interspecific competition. A study by Lerner and Ho (1961) in Tribolium first showed that the genetic constitution of competing species was an important factor in determining competitive outcome. Other studies by Moore (1952), Pimentel et al. (1965) and Ayala (1966) have observed reversals of numerical dominance in competing species and suggested that genetic changes in competitive ability were responsible. If there is genetic variation for competitive ability, natural selection for increased competitive ability should occur when two competitors are artificially maintained in association. Such experiments for both intraand interspecific competition have had mixed results, although they appear to have been more successful when selection was for intraspecific competitive ability. Seaton and Antonovics (1967) in Drosophila and Bryant and Turner (1972) in Musca found significant increases in intraspecific competitive ability while van Delden (1970) observed increased interspecific competitive ability only after 65 generations in Drosophila. Selection for intraspecific competitive ability did not lead to a demonstrable change in experiments by Sokal et al. (1970) in Tribolium and Musca and for interspecific competitive ability in studies by Park and Lloyd (1955) in Triboliumn and by Futuyma (1970) and Barker (unpubl.) in Drosophila. Selection pressure for interspecific competitive ability for both competitors should be greatest when the two species are nearly equal in competitive ability and maintain similar numbers since at this point interspecific competition is maximized for both species relative to intraspecific competition. In an effort to find a strain of Drosophila melanogaster which could maintain nearly equal numbers to a v (vermilion eye) strain of D. siinulans, in 1968 J. S. F. Barker tested a number of mutant Drosophila melanogaster strains maintained by W. G. Baker. In a one generation test, he found that a yw (yellow body, white eye) strain of melanogaster produced a similar number of progeny to his simulans strain. Specifically, in mixed culture the melanogaster strain produced 5 9.0% of the progeny when 50% of the parents were melanogaster (Barker, 1971). The present study was initiated to examine interspecific competition between these two strains over an extended period of time using a serial transfer approach (Buzzati-Traverso, 1955; Ayala, 1966). Unexpectedly, melanogaster quickly eliminated simulans in interspecific competition. As a result the focus of this work became to (1) demonstrate whether or not there was a genetic change in the competitive ability of the melanogaster strain and then upon finding that there was, (2) determine in what respects the melanogaster strain changed such that its competitive ability was dramatically altered.
Leadership Effectiveness: A Contingency Approach

The article discusses leadership effectiveness. The theoretical and empirical research of F.E. Fiedler on “contingencies” model has provided greater understanding and insight in the area of leaders...
New Direct Torque Control Method for PMSM Based on Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation

Disadvantages of conventional direct torque control(DTC)systems for permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSM)are notable torque,flux and current pulsations and variable switching frequency during steady state. A new method which combines space vector modulation(SVM) with direct torque control is proposed where the hysteresis controllers and the switch table in conventional DTC system are replaced by PI controller and SVM,respectively. The active voltage vectors are selected and the action time is calculated accurately according to torque and flux error. The simulation results indicate that the quick and robust response merits are preserved,also the method produced less flux linkage and torque ripple and have a better dynamic and static performance.