cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Employment Termination for Employee Blogging: Number One Tech Trend for 2005 and Beyond, or a Recipe for Getting Dooced?

Ellen Simonetti, a Delta Airlines flight attendant, hosted a blog entitled “Queen of the Sky” on which she appeared in her Delta uniform. She was summarily fired. Her termination is among the growing number of cases in which employees have been fired for blogging both in and out of the workplace. The legal issues surrounding these terminations are addressed from both the employee and employer perspectives. The attempt is to demonstrate that in the final analysis, when balancing employee workplace-related rights (freedom of speech and privacy, if any, public policy exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine, etc.) with those of the employer (protection of proprietary interests in intellectual property, trade secrets, liability for defamation, obscenity, etc.), the employer will probably prevail notwithstanding the overall lack of employer blogging policies or recent statutory enactments which ostensibly limit an employer’s ability to fire at-will employees.
Global History of Political Thought: Gandhi as a Lesson on Cross-Cultural Hybridity

History of political thought tends to reduce intellectual traditions down to essential categories, usually defined around the nationality and time period of the subject of study. While this categorization is useful, it also has the danger to conceal, if not completely misconstrue, the global character of important cross-cultural political thinkers and texts. Furthermore, political thought as an activity has not been immune to globalization, pushing away from isolated, national traditions toward a globalized development of political ideas. This essay argues for a methodological shift in perspective for the history of political thought away from assuming thinkers or texts are part of a distinct and coherent national tradition and towards situating ideas within a global exchange of thought not necessarily limited by language or culture. This paper investigates an exemplary case of cross-cultural ingenuity and hybridity in the late modern period, Gandhi, by examining the influence of Tolstoy on Gandhi’s political thought, and reveals an ingenious, though fundamentally global, political thinker. Such cross-cultural ingenuity suggests that scholars resist forcing hybrid thinkers into narrow cultural and geographic niches.
Stage-specific expression of P2Y receptors, ecto-apyrase, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase in myeloid leukocytes

The expression of P2 purinergic receptor subtypes in leukocytes varies with both lineage and developmental stage. Given the recent identification and cloning of at least seven distinct G protein-coupled ATP receptor subtypes (P2Y family), we investigated P2Y receptor subtype expression during myeloid cell differentiation. We observed that KG-1 myeloblasts express P2Y1 but not P2Y2 receptors (previously termed P2U receptors), whereas later myeloid progenitors, including HL-60 promyelocytes and THP-1 monocytes, expressed P2Y2 but not P2Y1 receptors. In KG-1 cells, significant activation of Ca2+ mobilization by P2Y1 receptors was only observed after preincubation with potato apyrase, an exogenous ATPase. This indicated that P2Y1 receptors are desensitized in KG-1 cells by autocrine mechanisms that may involve enhanced release of endogenous nucleotides and/or decreased expression of cell-surface ecto-nucleotidases. We compared the levels of ecto-apyrase activity and expression in KG-1 myeloblasts and HL-60 promyelocytes. Extracellular ATP was rapidly metabolized by HL-60 but not by KG-1 cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that mRNA for CD39 (cluster of differentiation), an identified ecto-apyrase, was present in HL-60 but not KG-1 cells. Ecto-apyrase activity was modestly increased with differentiation of myeloid progenitors with either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP). Differentiation of HL-60 cells with PMA, but not DBcAMP, strongly induced ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity and CD73 mRNA expression. These observations indicate that signal transduction by extracellular ATP in myeloid leukocytes can be regulated by developmentally programmed changes in the expression of P2Y receptor subtypes and multiple ecto-nucleotidases.
Lifespan Developmental Perspectives on Working: A Literature Review of Motivational Theories

Lifespan perspectives have emerged as important theoretical foundations for empirical investigations of a wide-range of phenomena relevant to the study of aging and work. The present manuscript presents a review and qualitative synthesis of this literature that satisfies several goals. To begin understanding this perspective, lifespan thinking in introduced as a general mode for understanding and conceptualizing dynamics in human development. Then, specific tenets and predications of 4 lifespan theories are summarized. Such summaries precede individually framed qualitative reviews of contemporary empirical investigations that either measure key lifespan constructs and relate them to work relevant outcomes, or adopt specific lifespan theoretical perspectives to support hypothesis development. This discussion supports a critique of lifespan thinking, and a recognition of several “gaps” in our understanding of lifespan development theories applied to this research domain. Following from this, several directions for future research are offered, including calls to develop an expanded understanding of lifespan processes in work contexts through the improvement of measurement tools and through the application of enhanced research methodologies. Finally, mirroring recent theoretical advancements, several possible points of integration among lifespan theories are offered on the basis of related predictions. This synthesis should serve as the basis for an enhanced lifespan theory of aging and work.
Sustainable sanitation, improved use of composting latrines through mixing and moisturizing: case study in Paraguay

Providing sanitation for water-starved areas is crucial to environmental sustainability. Composting latrines are a sustainable sanitation method since they do not require water. However, little analysis has been done on the decomposition process occurring inside the latrine, including what temperatures are reached and what variables most affect the composting process. Having better knowledge of how outside variables affect composting latrines can aid designers and users on the choice, design, and use. Detailed field measurements of pit temperature in a latrine for several months were taken with the compost being frequently mixed and moistened. Ambient temperatures and the mixing of liquid to the compost resulted in temperature increases 100 % of the time, with seasonal ambient temperatures determining the rate and duration of the temperature increases. However, compost only reached total pathogen destruction levels in 10 % of the measurements. Storage time recommendation outlined by the World Health Organization should be complied with. If these storage durations are obtainable, the use of composting latrines is an economical and sustainable solution to sanitation while conserving water resources.
Velocity Analysis Using Shot-indexed Sensitivity Kernels: Application to a Complex Geological Model

We investigate the capability of inverting large scale velocity errors through wave equation migration velocity analysis using shot-indexed sensitivity kernels. We find that the global shift of the image (absolute residual moveout) is crucial for constraining the large-scale velocity errors in the model when the shift of the image is more than a number of wavelengths. We estimate the shift through fitting the curvature of RMOs on CIGs and add this information into the inversion system. Although the extraction of the shift information is based on a simple model, including this information into RMO data considerably improves the inversion result. We apply our method to Sigsbee benchmark model and demonstrate that the velocity analysis based on sensitivity kernels can handle both large-scale and small-scale velocity errors in a complex geological environment.
Steric Inhibition of Metal Penetration in the Fabrication of Metal/Molecule Contacts

Tunneling spectroscopy was used to characterize a series of junctions with para-substituted (SH, F, Cl, Br, and I) benzoic acid monolayers positioned between aluminum/aluminum oxide surfaces and Pb...
Study on the Algorithm of Electrified Railway Three-Phase Voltage Unbalance

Through analysis of the structure of the traction power supply system,this paper derives the method of transformation from three-phase to two-phase,by which the two-phase parameters can be transformed into three-phase ones,so that the traction power supply system and the three-phase power system are unified in topology,and therefore analysis of the three-phase voltage unbalance of power grid caused by traction load can be facilitated.The impedance of the traction transformer can be considered in the algorithm.The algorithm has been validated by using PSCAD software with its correctness proved.
Nonlinear Large Disturbance Rejection Controller Design for Multi-machine Power Systems

The excitation control problem in multi-machine power systems was discussed.In order to avoid the conservatism which comes from estimating the upper bound of the disturbance or magnifying the equation simply,a control method of nonlinear large disturbance rejection was proposed by using backstepping method combined with minimax method.Considering that the system may get large disturbance suddenly from the generator which has occurred mechanical power disturbance,a controller of nonlinear large disturbance rejection was designed.It was indicated that the multi-machine power system had good robustness and insensitivity about large-disturbance.Simulation results showed that the proposed control program can effectively improve the transient stability of multi-machine power systems.
What's Wrong with Doctoral Education in Accounting? A Look at Some Economic and Ethical Issues

The PhD is considered to be the terminal qualification in accounting. One would think that the doctorate would be a high quality degree that prepares people to function at the top levels of the profession. But such is not the case. The PhD programs presently offered by most universities do a poor job of educating students in accounting. The author points out some of the deficiencies in the present programs and offers suggestions for improvement.
Early Performance in a Humanistic Medicine Course as a Predictor of Dental Students’ Later Clinical Performance

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that dental students' early ability to demonstrate a humanistic approach with patients is associated with later clinical performance. A first-year humanistic medicine course, Patient Doctor I (PDI), at Harvard School of Dental Medicine combines training in conducting the medical interview with human values, placing a high value on strengthening relationships with patients and emphasizing empowerment, respect, and strong communication skills. Retrospective data were collected in the following domains: PDI course evaluations, admissions information, National Board Dental Examination Parts I and II scores, and Promotions Committee and faculty evaluation scores for hand skills and humanistic and interactive patient-student skills. Planned linear contrasts comparisons were performed for each clinical outcome variable. Tests to support the a priori hypothesis of linear relationships between PDI evaluation ratings and clinical performance, defined as hand skills and humanistic and interactive patient-student skills scores, were significant, both at p=0.03. This study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring dental students' humanistic qualities during the first year. Humanistic qualities (PDI performance) during the first year were found to be associated with clinical performance in the third year of dental school.
Heroes and Scoundrels: The Image of the Journalist in Popular Culture

Imagine how often doctors, lawyers, and police officers cringe when they see their professions represented in movies and television shows. Sure, sometimes they’ll cheer, but, for the most part, the...
Impedance-Based Whole Blood and Optical-Based Platelet Rich Plasma Aggregation Methods for the Assessment of Celexocib Effects on Platelet Function: A Preliminary Report.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the inducible cyclooxygenase isoform expressed by cells involved in inflammation. Platelets normally lack COX-2; however, the enzyme is expressed in megakaryocytes and newly formed platelets and may play a role in clinical syndromes associated with high platelet turnover (1, 2). Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs), have become the mainstay for treatment of patients with arthritis and also have been widely used in cancer chemoprevention. Coxibs were found to have a safer GI toxicity profile when compared with classic NSAIDS; however, in some patients they may increase the risk of GI bleeding (3). The underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Moreover, the role of coxibs in hemostatic alterations has been a subject of controversy. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible anti-platelet effects of celecoxib (200 mg/d for 7 days) in 7 healthy volunteers (2 females, 5 males; mean age = 35.7 ± 8; mean platelet count = 230 ± 23; mean Ht = 42.3 ± 6). A very sensitive whole blood impedance platelet aggregation assay, previously unused for this purpose, was employed for the assessment of celecoxib influence on platelet function. The test was performed along with a traditional, optical-based platelet rich plasma (PRP) aggregation method. Arachidonic acid (0.5; 0.25 mM), Collagen (2; 1mg/mL) and ADP (20, 10 mM) were used as platelet agonists in both tests. Celexocib did not affect platelet function in neither whole blood nor in PRP. The preliminary results of this study indicate that the increased bleeding tendency in patients treated with celecoxib is probably not related to platelet dysfunction.
MR-Advisor: A Comprehensive Tuning Tool for Advising HPC Users to Accelerate MapReduce Applications on Supercomputers

MapReduce is the most popular parallel computing framework for big data processing which allows massive scalability across distributed computing environment. Advanced RDMA-based design of Hadoop MapReduce has been proposed that alleviates the performance bottlenecks in default Hadoop MapReduce by leveraging the benefits from RDMA. On the other hand, data processing engine, Spark, provides fast execution of MapReduce applications through in-memory processing. Performance optimization for these contemporary big data processing frameworks on modern High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems is a formidable task because of the numerous configuration possibilities in each of them. In this paper, we propose MR-Advisor, a comprehensive tuning tool for MapReduce. MR-Advisor is generalized to provide performance optimizations for Hadoop, Spark, and RDMA-enhanced Hadoop MapReduce designs over different file systems such as HDFS, Lustre, and Tachyon. Performance evaluations reveal that, with MR-Advisor's suggested values, the job execution performance can be enhanced by a maximum of 58% over the current best-practice values for user-level configuration parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first tool that supports tuning for both Apache Hadoop and Spark, as well as the RDMA and Lustre-based advanced designs.
Abstract 158: Sex Differences in Response to Chronic Administration of Immunosuppressive Agents in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is thought to be mediated in part by enhanced immune function. Tacrolimus (FK-506) and Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF); potent immunosuppressive agents are widely used for the prevention of graft rejection in organ transplantation. Tacrolimus inhibits proliferation of T cells, whereas MMF inhibits proliferation of T cells, B cells and monocytes. However, the impact of the drug on the cardiovascular system of different sexes is unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in response to FK-506 and/or MMF in SHR. Young male (YM, age 3 mos; n= 6) and young female (YF, aged 3 mos; n= 6) SHR received tacrolimus (0.25 mg/kg/day i.p. for 14 d) and (YM, age 3 mos; n= 6) and young female (YF, aged 3 mos; n= 6) SHR received MMF (20 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 14 d. Rats were implanted with radiotelemeters and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured chronically. Tacrolimus increased MAP in males (Control: 143 ±3 mmHg vs. Tacrolimus-treated: 163 ±4 mmHg, p=S, p
Shallow marine response to global climate change during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Salisbury Embayment, USA

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was an interval of extreme warmth that caused disruption of marine and terrestrial ecosystems on a global scale. Here we examine the sediments, flora and fauna from an expanded section at Mattawoman Creek-Billingsley Road (MCBR) in Maryland and explore the impact of warming at a nearshore shallow marine (30-100 m water depth) site in the Salisbury Embayment. Observations indicate that, at the onset of the PETM, the site abruptly shifted from an open-marine to prodelta setting with increased terrestrial and fresh water input. Changes in microfossil biota suggest stratification of the water column and low oxygen bottom water conditions in the earliest Eocene. Formation of authigenic carbonate through microbial diagenesis produced an unusually large bulk carbon isotope shift, while the magnitude of the corresponding signal from benthic foraminifera is similar to that at other marine sites. This proves that the landward increase in the magnitude of the carbon isotope excursion measured in bulk sediment is not due to a near instantaneous release of 12C-enriched CO2. We conclude that the MCBR site records nearshore marine response to global climate change that can be used as an analog for modern coastal response to global warming.
Examining the Relationship Between Working Alliance and Therapeutic Goal Attainment With Adolescents in Crisis

Literature regarding the relationship between working alliance and therapeutic goal attainment is limited. The purpose of this correlational study was to explore working alliance and therapeutic go...
Continuous Aspiration Mechanical Thrombectomy for the Management of Submassive Pulmonary Embolism: A Single-Center Experience

Abstract The Indigo Mechanical Thrombectomy System (Penumbra, Inc, Alameda, California) was used to treat 6 patients with submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) and a contraindication to thrombolysis. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (58.2 mm Hg vs 43.0 mm Hg, P P P P
Sparse-view Neutron-photon Computed Tomography: Object Reconstruction and Material Discrimination

Taking into account the advantages of both neutron- and photon-based systems, we propose combined neutron-photon computed tomography (CT) under a sparse-view setting and demonstrate its performance for 3D object visualization and material discrimination. We use a high-performance regularization method for CT reconstruction by combining regularization based on total variation (TV) and curvelet transform in cone beam geometry. It is coupled with proposed 2D material signatures which is pairs of photon to neutron transmission ratios and neutron transmission values per object space voxels. Classification of materials is performed by association of a voxel signature with library signatures; and per object - by majority of voxels in the object. Representation of object-material pairs, for the model in our experiment, a complex scene with group of high-Z and low-Z materials, attains the reconstruction accuracy of 92.1% and the overall high-Z discrimination accuracy of object representation is 85%, and by about 7.5% higher discrimination accuracy than that with 1D signatures which are ratios of photon to neutron transmissions. With a relative noise level of 10%, the method yields the reconstruction accuracies of 87.2%. The analyses are performed in cone beam configuration, with Monte Carlo modeling of neutron-photon transport for the model of object geometry and material contents.
The Chediak-Higashi syndrome: cytoplasmic sequestration in circulating leukocytes.

In the course of investigations into the nature of the giant granulation anomaly of leukocytes from patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome, an unusual process was observed in white cells from three patients with the disease. Small, normal-sized, lysosomal granules present in abundance in C.H. leukocytes were observed in the concentric arrangements around areas of cytoplasm. Apparent union of the small granules resulted in development of "doughnut-shaped" channels of fused granular material. Serial sections have indicated that the organelles formed in this manner are complete spheres or discs. Cytoplasmic constituents enclosed by the double-walled vacuoles were frequently observed in various stages of destruction. Ultrastructural cytochemical staining for acid phosphatase defined the presence of this lysosomal enzyme in the matrix between the unit membranes of the double-walled vacuoles, and associated with fragments of enclosed cytoplasm undergoing digestion. Sequestration and destruction of areas of C.H. cell cytoplasm within membrane-bound vacuoles is strikingly similar to the process of autophagy reported in other tissues. The possible relationship of the process of cytoplasmic sequestration to the giant lysosomes which characterize the leukocytes of patients with the C.H. syndrome is discussed.
Bilateral Traumatic Anterior Dislocation of Shoulder - A Rare Entity.

Bilateral shoulder dislocation are most commonly posterior type. These are most commonly due to seizure disorder and electrocution. Anterior shoulder dislocations occurring bilaterally without any predisposing factors are very rare. These types of injuries are due to trauma with a unique mechanism of injury. To best of our knowledge there are only few cases of similar kind are reported in literature. We hereby report a interesting case of posttraumatic, bilateral anterior dislocation of shoulder without associated fracture in a 45 old women without any predisposing pathoanatomy. A 45-year-old women presented to casualty with sudden onset of pain and restriction of movement in both shoulders fallowing trauma. Immediately post trauma she had severe pain and restriction of both shoulders. On examination arms were abducted and externally rotated. Bilateral shoulder movements were painful and restricted . There was loss of round contour of shoulder with increased vertical diameter of axilla anteriorly. Radiological examination revealed bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulders without any associated fractures. Closed reduction done by Milch technique after intraraticular lignocaine injection. MRI of bilateral shoulder showed no pathological lesion. Both shoulders were immobilized with a shoulder immobilizer for three weeks. Most of the bilateral shoulder dislocations are posterior type seen in seizure disorders. Bilateral traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations are rare and are seen as a result of unique mechanism of injury. In our case patient had a fall on her elbows causing forced extension. If diagnosed and treated promptly completely normal function of the shoulders can be restored.
Hydrogen as a fuel in transportation

Abstract: Hydrogen has attracted fresh attention in recent decades as an alternative renewable and sustainable transportation fuel. Hydrogen can fuel conventional or hybridized power trains, through highly efficient and low emission hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H 2 ICE) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). High capacity and cost-effective onboard vehicle hydrogen storage remains a major challenge, along with the affordability of building out a distributed hydrogen production, distribution, and fueling infrastructure. Current practice is to store hydrogen onboard vehicles as a compressed gas, cryogenic liquid, or in chemical form for conversion on demand. Recent hydrogen demonstrations and field trials have advanced the technology, lowered costs, and improved public perception.
Spectrin regulates cell contractility through production and maintenance of actin bundles in the Caenorhabditis elegans spermatheca

Disruption to the contractility of cells, including smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular system and myoepithelial cells of the glandular epithelium, contributes to the pathophysiology of contractile tissue diseases, including asthma, hypertension, and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Cell contractility is determined by myosin activity and actomyosin network organization and is mediated by hundreds of protein-protein interactions, many directly involving actin. Here we use a candidate RNA interference screen of more than 100 Caenorhabditis elegans genes with predicted actin-binding and regulatory domains to identify genes that contribute to the contractility of the somatic gonad. We identify the spectrin cytoskeleton composed of SPC-1/α-spectrin, UNC-70/β-spectrin, and SMA-1/β heavy-spectrin as required for contractility and actin organization in the myoepithelial cells of the C. elegans spermatheca. We use imaging of fixed and live animals as well as tissue- and developmental-stage-specific disruption of the spectrin cytoskeleton to show that spectrin regulates the production of prominent central actin bundles and is required for maintenance of central actin bundles throughout successive rounds of stretch and contraction. We conclude that the spectrin cytoskeleton contributes to spermathecal contractility by promoting maintenance of the robust actomyosin bundles that drive contraction.
The Identity Salience of Professionals: Multiple Identities and Intrinsic Needs

Individuals who choose a profession are assumed to be socialized to a professional norm, and therefore to ascribe to the profession’s normative values. However, these individuals can have multiple ...
Effects of neonatal inhalation exposure to ultrafine carbon particles on pathology and behavioral outcomes in C57BL/6J mice

Recent epidemiological studies indicate early-life exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Previous studies investigating neonatal exposure to ambient fine and ultrafine particles have shown sex specific inflammation-linked pathological changes and protracted learning deficits. A potential contributor to the adverse phenotypes from developmental exposure to particulate matter observed in previous studies may be elemental carbon, a well-known contributor to pollution particulate. The present study is an evaluation of pathological and protracted behavioral alterations in adulthood following subacute neonatal exposure to ultrafine elemental carbon. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ultrafine elemental carbon at 50 μg/m3 from postnatal days 4–7 and 10–13 for 4 h/day. Behavioral outcomes measured were locomotor activity, novel object recognition (short-term memory), elevated plus maze (anxiety-like behavior), fixed interval (FI) schedule of food reward (learning, timing) and differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedule of food reward (impulsivity, inability to inhibit responding). Neuropathology was assessed by measures of inflammation (glial fibrillary-acidic protein), myelin basic protein expression in the corpus callosum, and lateral ventricle area. Twenty-four hours following the final exposure day, no significant differences in anogenital distance, body weight or central nervous system pathological markers were observed in offspring of either sex. Nor were significant changes observed in novel object recognition, elevated plus maze performance, FI, or DRL schedule-controlled behavior in either females or males. The limited effect of neonatal exposure to ultrafine elemental carbon suggests this component of air pollution is not a substantial contributor to the behavioral alterations and neuropathology previously observed in response to ambient pollution particulate exposures. Rather, other more reactive constituent species, organic and/or inorganic, gas-phase components, or combinations of constituents may be involved. Defining these neurotoxic components is critical to the formulation of better animal models, more focused mechanistic assessments, and potential regulatory policies for air pollution.
The Role of Brain Barriers in Maintaining Brain Vitamin Levels

It is increasingly recognized that tissue-specific nutrient deficiencies can exist in the absence of whole-body deficiency and that these deficiencies may result from disease or disease-related physiological processes. Brain and central nervous system tissues require adequate nutrient levels to function. Many nutrients are concentrated in the cerebrospinal fluid relative to the serum in healthy individuals, and other nutrients resist depletion in the presence of whole-body nutrient depletion. The endothelial, epithelial, and arachnoid brain barriers work in concert to selectively transport, concentrate, and maintain levels of the specific nutrients required by the brain while also blocking the passage of blood-borne toxins and pathogens to brain and central nervous system tissues. These barriers preserve nutrient levels within the brain and actively concentrate nutrients within the cerebrospinal fluid and brain. The roles of physical and energetic barriers, including the blood-brain and blood-nerve barriers, in maintaining brain nutrient levels in health and disease are discussed.
Fetoscopy: The Minimally Invasive Fetal Surgery

Fetal surgery aims to correct congenital malformations in utero to prevent progressive deterioration and severe consequences on fetal development. Nowadays, prenatal diagnosis allows high rate of fetal anomaly detection since early in gestation. Open fetal surgery provides direct access to fetal anatomy but carries significant risk for the pregnant mother due to large laparotomy and hysterotomy and for the fetus, mainly preterm delivery. Improvement in pathophysiological knowledge of major fetal anomalies and the development of therapeutic tools allow fetoscopic procedures in some specific cases [1].
Vitamin A deficiency impairs the immune response to intranasal vaccination and RSV infection in neonatal calves

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children worldwide. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of the most prevalent nutrition-related health problems in the world and is a significant risk factor in the development of severe respiratory infections in infants and young children. Bovine RSV (BRSV) is a primary cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young cattle. The calf model of BRSV infection is useful to understand the immune response to human RSV infection. We have previously developed an amphiphilic polyanhydride nanoparticle (NP)-based vaccine (i.e., nanovaccine) encapsulating the fusion and attachment proteins from BRSV (BRSV-NP). Calves receiving a single, intranasal dose of the BRSV-NP vaccine are partially protected from BRSV challenge. Here, we evaluated the impact of VAD on the immune response to the BRSV-NP vaccine and subsequent challenge with BRSV. Our results show that VAD calves are unable to respond to the mucosal BRSV-NP vaccine, are afforded no protection from BRSV challenge and have significant abnormalities in the inflammatory response in the infected lung. We further show that acute BRSV infection negatively impacts serum and liver retinol, rendering even well-nourished individuals susceptible to VAD. Our results support the use of the calf model for elucidating the impact of nutritional status on mucosal immunity and respiratory viral infection in infants and underline the importance of VA in regulating immunity in the respiratory mucosa.
Quantitative Anatomic Study of the Minipterional Craniotomy in the Paraclinoid Region: Benefits of Extradural Anterior Clinoidectomy.

Background Extradural anterior clinoidectomy (eAC) via the minipterional craniotomy (MPT) approach (MPT+eAC) has been recently introduced to the neurosurgical armamentarium to improve access to anterior and middle fossa skull base structures using a minimally invasive approach. However, the effect of extradural clinoidectomy on surgical exposure with the minipterional approach has not been evaluated. Moreover, the effect of eAC on surgical maneuverability has not been established for either traditional pterional or minipterional craniotomy. We sought to illustrate the microsurgical anatomy of the MPT+eAC and to evaluate the effect of eAC on surgical exposure and maneuverability. Methods The area of exposure, area of surgical freedom, and maneuverability score for the MPT approach and MPT+eAC were compared in 5 cadaveric heads. Results Compared with the MPT approach, the MPT+eAC enlarged the area of exposure approximately twofold (93 cm2 vs. 184 cm2; P Conclusions MPT+eAC offers a larger area of exposure and greater surgical freedom and maneuverability at the paraclinoid region using this minimally invasive approach.
Pilot Study of Telehealth Evaluations in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

ABSTRACT Telehealth involves the use of telecommunication and information technology for the delivery of clinical care and may be a mechanism to alleviate the burden of visits faced by patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Few studies have evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of telehealth visits in the care of HCT patients. We conducted 27 telehealth visits with 25 patients undergoing HCT using a videoconferencing system that allows for real-time, 2-way interactions and administered satisfaction surveys to patients and providers. Of the 25 patients included in the study, 20 (80%) and 5 (20%) were undergoing autologous and allogeneic HCT, respectively. The telehealth visits were distributed as follows: 3 inpatient visits upon admission for HCT; 11 inpatient visits between 2 and 14 days post-HCT; 4 inpatient visits prior to discharge after HCT; 8 outpatient, post-HCT follow-up visits; and 1 handoff to a community oncologist. Out of a total of 54 provider assessments, 7 providers (13%) were unable to complete some part of the physical examination, but no provider reported being unable to manage patients' symptoms through telehealth. Eighty-one percent of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with the telemedicine session. Overall satisfaction was higher among patients than providers (mean scores 4.12 versus 2.64; scale 1 to 5, with 1 = very poor to 5 = excellent). Technological barriers resulting in delays and suboptimal physical examination were largely responsible for provider dissatisfaction. The use of telehealth to deliver comprehensive follow-up care to HCT patients is feasible across different HCT types but is dependent upon quality of data streaming and videoconferencing technologies.
Checking in with Your Document Delivery User Base: Creating, Implementing, and Learning from Client Satisfaction Surveys

In 2017, Document Delivery Services (DDS) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Medical Library launched a customer satisfaction survey. The last time a survey of this nature was implemented was in 2009, before switching to ILLiad for the management of resource sharing requests. Due to the changing nature of content accessibility and online research methods, the DDS team felt that the time was right to survey their users again to seek feedback in support of service improvements. Questions were created to evaluate users' satisfaction and knowledge of the service and related resources. New survey results were compared where possible to those received in 2009 to determine if survey results had changed over time. Enhancements were made to the service based on responses received in the 2017 survey.
146 – Carotid Endarterectomy

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the various aspects of carotid endarterectomy. Carotid endarterectomy is the surgical removal of a significantly stenotic atherosclerotic plaque from the distal common, proximal internal and external carotid arteries in the neck to prevent distal ischemic stroke. Because carotid stenosis may be responsible for as much as 20% of occlusive strokes in the carotid distribution, it is important that the clinician as part of the routine physical examination routinely auscultate the carotid bifurcation of the neck and search for bruits over the carotid artery. Auscultation is particularly indicated in patients with risk factors of atherosclerosis. Symptoms of carotid stenosis include transient ischemic attacks, which are painless focal neurological events usually lasting less than 5–10 min and associated with a significant stroke risk. Transient ischemic attacks include unilateral loss of vision, difficulty with speech, hemiparesis, monoparesis, and numbness or tingling in the face or limbs contralateral to the stenosis. The surgical therapy of carotid stenosis is well established and definitive, providing the surgical risk to the patient from stroke or death is under 5% and the patient has a carotid stenosis of 60% or more. The evidence available for patients with high grade carotid stenosis who are symptomatic from transient ischemic attacks or small nondisabling stroke is overwhelmingly in favor of surgical therapy with an absolute stroke risk reduction of 17% achieved.
Effect of Confidence Indicators on Trust in AI-Generated Profiles

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly augmenting and generating online content, but research suggests that users distrust content which they believe to be AI-generated. In this paper, we study whether introducing a confidence indicator, a text rating of an algorithm's confidence in its source data alongside rationale for why the data is more or less trustworthy, affects this distrust in Airbnb host profiles believed to be computer-generated. Our results indicate that a low-confidence indicator decreases participant trust in the rental host, but high-confidence indicators have no significant impact on trust. These findings suggest that user trust of AI-generated content can be negatively, but not positively, affected by a confidence indicator.
Design and Implementation of Phylotastic, a Service Architecture for Evolutionary Biology

Access and reuse of authoritative phylogenetic knowledge have been a longstanding challenges in the evolutionary biology community — leading to a number of research efforts (e.g. focused on interop...
Evaluating cognitive control training on symptoms of depression over time: Three potential mechanisms

Abstract Background Cognitive Control Training (CCT) may reduce symptoms of depression. The mechanisms behind CCT are unclear, however. This study examined the adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task's (aPASAT) effect on depressive symptoms, while examining potential mechanisms by which changes may occur. Methods Seventy-two participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: the aPASAT, an active control condition, and a no training control. Participants in the aPASAT and active control conditions each practiced a cognitive task over a 2-week period. The aPASAT is paced and time-pressured, whereas the active control was self-paced and developed to be less stressful. Results Linear trend analysis revealed that, when accounting for age, CCT decreased depressive symptoms as the stress involved in the training task increased, as predicted. Against prediction, self-reported distress tolerance was unrelated to this pattern. Limitations This study did not include data to evaluate performance on the training tasks. Additionally, though the task in the active control condition was developed to be less stressful, participant stress was not directly measured. Conclusions Findings suggest that cognitive control training may reduce depressive symptoms and that the stressful component of the aPASAT may be important in that reduction.
An Intervention for the Transition From Pediatric or Adolescent to Adult-Oriented HIV Care: Protocol for the Development and Pilot Implementation of iTransition.

Background: In the United States, adolescents and young adults are disproportionately affected by HIV and have poorer HIV-related health outcomes than adults. Health care transition (HCT) from pediatric or adolescent to adult-oriented HIV care is associated with disruptions to youths’ care retention, medication adherence, and viral suppression. However, no evidence-based interventions exist to improve HCT outcomes for youth living with HIV. Objective: There are 2 phases of this project. Phase 1 involves the iterative development and usability testing of a Social Cognitive Theory–based mobile health (mHealth) HIV HCT intervention (iTransition). In phase 2, we will conduct a pilot implementation trial to assess iTransition’s feasibility and acceptability and to establish preliminary efficacy among youth and provider participants. Methods: The iterative phase 1 development process will involve in-person and virtual meetings and a design team comprising youth living with HIV and health care providers. The design team will both inform the content and provide feedback on the look, feel, and process of the iTransition intervention. In phase 2, we will recruit 100 transition-eligible youth across two clinical sites in Atlanta, Georgia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to participate in the historical control group (n=50; data collection only) or the intervention group (n=50) in a pilot implementation trial. We will also recruit 28 provider participants across the pediatric or adolescent and adult clinics at the two sites. Data collection will include electronic medical chart abstraction for clinical outcomes as well as surveys and interviews related to demographic and behavioral characteristics; Social Cognitive Theory constructs; and intervention feasibility, acceptability, and use. Analyses will compare historical control and intervention groups in terms of HCT outcomes, including adult care linkage (primary), care retention, and viral suppression (secondary). Interview data will be analyzed using content analysis to understand the experience with use and acceptability. Results: Phase 1 (development) of iTransition research activities began in November 2019 and is ongoing. The data collection for the phase 2 pilot implementation trial is expected to be completed in January 2023. Final results are anticipated in summer 2023. Conclusions: The development and pilot implementation trial of the iTransition intervention will fill an important gap in understanding the role of mHealth interventions to support HCT outcomes for youth living with HIV. Trial Registration:
Systematic Debugging of Concurrent Systems Using Coalesced Stack Trace Graphs

A central need during software development of large-scale parallel systems is tools that help to quickly identify the root causes of bugs. Given the massive scale of these systems, tools that highlight changes—say introduced across software versions or their operating conditions (e.g., inputs, schedules)—can prove to be highly effective in practice. Conventional debuggers, while good at presenting details at the problem-site (e.g., crash), often omit contextual information to identify the root causes of the bug. We present a new approach to collect and coalesce stack traces, leading to an efficient summary display of salient system control flow differences in a graphical form called Coalesced Stack Trace Graphs (CSTG). CSTGs have helped us debug situations within a computational framework called Uintah that has been deployed at very large scale. In this paper, we detail CSTGs through case studies in the context of Uintah where unexpected behaviors caused by different versions of software or occurring across different time-steps of a system (e.g., due to non-determinism) are debugged. We show that CSTG also gives conventional debuggers a far more productive and guided role to play.
Evaluating consumer acceptability of various muscles from the beef chuck and rib

One hundred thirty-eight consumers evaluated steaks from the complexus (CX), infraspinatus (IF), serratus ventralis (SV), supraspinatus (SS), and triceps brachii (TB) from the wholesale beef chuck; the deep pectoral (DP) from the wholesale brisket; and the longissimus thoracis (LT) from the wholesale rib. The LT was used as a reference for comparison to the other muscles. Ten USDA Choice and ten USDA Select boneless boxed beef subprimals were used for each muscle. Subprimals were aged 14 d from box date, frozen, and cut into 2.5-cm-thick steaks. Consumers rated the IF highest (P < 0.05) for overall like, tenderness, juiciness, and flavor, and assigned it the highest (P < 0.05) price/0.45 kg. The TB also was rated higher (P < 0.05) than the LT for overall like, tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and price/0.45 kg. The SV and CX were rated as being similar (P < 0.05) to the LT for overall like, tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and price/0.45 kg. Consumers rated the SS lower (P < 0.05) than the LT for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and price. The DP was rated as the toughest, driest, and blandest (P < 0.05), resulting in assignment of the lowest (P < 0.05) price/0.45 kg. Differences in palatability ratings due to quality grade were found for several muscles; USDA Choice SV and SS were rated higher (P < 0.05) for overall like, tenderness, and juiciness than USDA Select SV and SS. For the IF, USDA Choice was rated higher (P < 0.05) for tenderness and juiciness than USDA Select. The USDA Choice TB was rated higher (P < 0.05) for juiciness, and the USDA Choice DP was rated higher (P < 0.05) for overall like, than their USDA Select counterparts. Tenderness, juiciness, and flavor ratings were correlated with overall like ratings (r = 0.84, 0.77, and 0.76, respectively) and with price (r = 0.73, 0.70, and 0.68, respectively). These results indicate the IF, TB, SV, and CX were acceptable, whereas and the SS and DP were unacceptable as steaks.
How Are Asian Americans Seen and Evaluated? Examining Ethnic Stereotypes and their Cultural Complexity

Human stereotypes are more complicated and subtle than scholars or lay people often think. Based on the EPA (i.e., evaluation, potency and accuracy) theory of stereotypes (Lee, 2011; Lee, B., W. & Luo, 2007; Lee, J., & McCauley, 2013; Lee, McCauley & Jussim, 2013; Lee, V. S., & Ma, 2007), it was hypothesized and found that stereotypes of Asian Americans are derived on the basis of both evaluative considerations (prejudice) and a realistic assessment of group characteristics. This produces a pattern of stereotypic judgments that contains both agreement and disagreement when comparing stereotypes of Asian Americans among different perceiver groups (European Americans, non-Asian Minority-Americans). The results of the present study also highlight complexities that arise when one considers the effect of inter-group contact on stereotyping. Specifically, an increase in the frequency of inter-group contact was associated with a reduction in negative stereotyping, whereas an increase in the quality or closeness of inter-group contact was associated with an increase in negative stereotyping. It is concluded that inter-group stereotyping reflects a complex mixture of psychological processes that are in need of further investigation.