cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photochemical reactions of diphosphineplatinum(II) oxalate complexes

Irradiation at 254 nm of CH3CN/C6H6 or PhCN solutions of [Pt(C2O4)(dppe)] produces 2 equiv. of CO2, and in the presence of PhCl or PhI yields [PtX2(dppe)] (X  Cl, I). With CO or PhCCPh the products are [Pt(CO)2 (dppe)] or [Pt(PhCPh)(dppe)], but in the latter case extended photolysis yields [PtPh(CCPh)(dppe)]. Photolysis in the presence of H2 gives a mixture of the [Pt2H3(dppe)2]+ and [Pt3H3(dppe)3]+ cations. Simple elimination of CO2 does not occur in all cases, as illustrated by the formation of [pt(CO2Me)2(dppe)] when [Pt(C2O4)(dppe)] is photolyzed in the presence of methanol. Photochemical reactions of the related complexes [Pt(C2O4)L2] (L2  dppm, dcpe) are also described.
MODEL FOR CRYSTALLINE SWELLING OF 2:1 PHYLLOSILICATES

A macroscopic energy balance model for crystalline swelling of 2 :1 phyllosilicates is presented. Crystalline swelling for a static system is modeled by a balance among the potential energies of attraction, repulsion and resistance. The potential energy of attraction is due to both the electrostatic interaction between the interlayer cations and the negative surface charge sites and to van der Waals attraction between layers. The potential energy of repulsion is due to the net hydration energy for the interlayer cations, the net hydration energy for the negative surface charge sites and Born repulsion. The potential energy of resistance represents irreversible work needed to overcome the mechanical resistance of the clay water system to both expansion and collapse. The potential energy of resistance is responsible for both hysteresis and the stepwise nature of crystalline swelling. A numerical solution of the crystalline swelling model is presented and shown to yield reasonable estimates of basal spacings for octahedrally charged clays. Measured and predicted basal spacings are directly compared and are in general agreement (r 2 = 0.39). Most of the scatter for the measured vs. predicted basal spacing relationship is attributed to inaccuracies of the assumptions used for the numerical solution. The crystalline swelling model readily accounts for the effects of layer charge and nature of the interlayer cations upon crystalline swelling, but does not account for the effect of charge site location upon crystalline swelling.
Electric field calculations on a high voltage insulator under wet conditions

Occurrence of water droplets on outdoor insulators either due to rain, fog, dew etc. leads to localized field enhancement causing partial discharges and dry arcs which ultimately results in complete flashover. Presence of a hydrophobic coating (e.g. RTV coating) inhibits the formation of water films and hence lead to formation of discrete water particles which are less dangerous. In this paper two cases are investigated. The first case refers to the hydrophobic case where water droplets reside as discrete droplets on Silicon Rubber (SIR). The second case is when water droplets coalesce and form a film due to the diminution of the hydrophobic property. The first set of simulations inquired the role of single, multiple discrete water droplets on the shed and the sheath region in enhancing the E-Field. The second set of simulations looked into effect of the water films on the shed region. A High Voltage insulator (138KV) made of SIR is considered to perform the Electric Field Calculations. The first set of results indicates that the water droplets in the sheath region greatly contribute towards enhancing the probability of initiation and progression of wet flashover on insulator surface. The second set of simulations revealed that the E-Field intensification is more when there is abatement of hydrophobic property on the SIR insulators when compared to the discrete droplets case. Simulation was done with the help of a 3D Electric Field Analysis package called COULOMB.
An Intuitionist Reinterpretation of the Science Method, Deduction and Induction in Hegel-friendly Terms

I hypothesize that it is the feeling that sources the middle term that allows exploration into Kant’s synthetic (an avenue Hegel and Husserl pursued), and this exploration is done by noting the intuitionist connections to deduction and induction. The deductive process goes through two Hegelian negations before returning itself to source. Otherwise, the principle of excluded middle cannot be justified as Husserl noted. Deduction and induction are two aspects of the same middle term, and their feelings can best be described as an oscillation: from crude to subtle. Newly cultivated feelings draw us into the synthetic as we discover deeper laws that are built from prior discoveries; this builds a spiral of understanding from the evidence compiled by our vast plurality, and permitting a spectacular celebration of the many as one. The oscillation become more subtle as feeling self cultivate.
Cost analysis of home monitoring in lung transplant recipients

Objectives: The University of Minnesota has maintained a home monitoring program for over 10 years for lung and heart–lung transplant patients. A cost analysis was completed to assess the impact of home monitoring on the cost of post-transplant medical care.Methods: Clinical information gathered with the monitoring system includes spirometry, vital signs, and symptom data. To estimate the impact of this system on medical costs, we completed a retrospective analysis of the effects of home monitoring on the cost of post-lung transplant medical care. The cost analysis used multivariate linear regression with inpatient, outpatient, and total medical care costs as the dependent variables. The independent variables for the regression include home monitoring adherence, underlying disease, ambulatory diagnostic group mapping variables, transplant type, and patient demographics.Results: The multivariate regression of the overall cost results predicts a 52.4 percent reduction in total costs with 100 percent patient adherence; this rate includes a 72.24 percent reduction in inpatient costs and a 46.6 percent increase in outpatient costs. The actual first year average patient adherence was 74 percent.Conclusions: Adherence to home monitoring increases outpatient costs and reduces inpatient costs and provides an overall cost savings. The break-even point for patient adherence was 25.28 percent, where the net savings covered the cost of home monitoring. This is well within the actual first year adherence rates (74 percent) for subjects in the lung transplant home monitoring program, providing a net savings with adherence to home monitoring.
Effect of chronic autoimmune nerve growth factor deprivation on sympathetic neuroaxonal dystrophy in‐rats

Nerve growth factor (NGF) deficiency has been proposed as a possible pathogenetic mechanism underlying the sympathetic autonomic neuropathy which develops in clinical and experimental diabetes and aging. To determine if long-term NGF deficiency alone would reproduce the distinctive sympathetic neuropathology of streptozocin-induced diabetes or aging in rats, nondiabetic animals were deprived of NGF for 12 months using an autoimmune paradigm. Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD), the neuropathologic hallmark of experimental sympathetic diabetic neuropathy and aging, was not increased in frequency in prevertebral superior mesenteric or paravertebral superior cervical ganglia in comparison to age-matched controls. Residual neurons in chronically NGF deprived sympathetic ganglia did not show significant atrophy, chromatolysis, active neuronal degeneration or intraganglionic debris. Postganglionic noradrenergic axons in ileal mesenteric nerves also failed to develop NAD in chronic autoimmune NGF-deprived rats as they would have in animals diabetic for the same duration. These results suggest that simple, isolated NGF deficiency maintained for long periods of time in nondiabetic animals is not sufficient to produce NAD in the pattern of experimental rat diabetes and aging.
La Pensée créatrice: Marcel et Heidegger

Une des facons de demander ce qu'est la philosophie est de demander simplement « qu'appelle-t-on penser ». Car en un sens, la philosophie n'est que la pensee prenant pleine conscience d'elle-meme. Le fait que deux penseurs hautement originaux, suivant pourtant des chemins independants, revelent de frappantes similitudes dans leur reponse a cette question, peut apparaitre comme une confirmation de l'authenticite de leur pensee respective.
Recent Advances in Our Understanding of the Environmental, Epidemiological, Immunological, and Clinical Dimensions of Coccidioidomycosis

SUMMARY Coccidioidomycosis is the endemic mycosis caused by the fungal pathogens Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. This review is a summary of the recent advances that have been made in the understanding of this pathogen, including its mycology, genetics, and niche in the environment. Updates on the epidemiology of the organism emphasize that it is a continuing, significant problem in areas of endemicity. For a variety of reasons, the number of reported coccidioidal infections has increased dramatically over the past decade. While continual improvements in the fields of organ transplantation and management of autoimmune disorders and patients with HIV have led to dilemmas with concurrent infection with coccidioidomycosis, they have also led to advances in the understanding of the human immune response to infection. There have been some advances in therapeutics with the increased use of newer azoles. Lastly, there is an overview of the ongoing search for a preventative vaccine.
Biosynthetic Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus bulgaricus: Partial Characterization of the Enzyme

Abstract Some of the catalytic properties of the biosynthetic dihydroorotate dehydrogenase purified from an anaerobic bacterium, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, are described. Studies with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, and mercuric chloride showed that sulfhydryl groups are necessary for transfer of electrons from dihydroorotate to a variety of electron acceptors. Protection studies with substrates for the enzyme indicated that free sulfhydryl groups at or near the active center are required for catalytic activity. Evidence is presented for the production of superoxide free radicals during reaction of the enzyme with molecular oxygen. Inhibitor studies with Tiron indicated that reduction of cytochrome c by the enzyme may involve the superoxide free radical as an intermediate. Orotate, one of the substrates for the enzyme, has been found to be a competitive inhibitor for the dihydroorotate site. The Ki for orotate as estimated by several techniques is 0.1 mM. The Km for dihydroorotate with ferricyanide as the electron acceptor is estimated to be 0.5 mM.
Effects of Sire and Interaction of Sire with Ration on Efficiency of Feed Utilization by Holsteins

Abstract First lactations of 289 daughters of 17 Holstein sires were used to assess the effects of sire and interactions of sire with ration on feed intake, milk yield, and efficiency of feed utilization. In each of two trials, one half of the daughters of a sire were fed a high forage ration and the other half were fed a standard (Trial I) or a high grain ration (Trial II). By methods of least squares sire effects were significant in both trials for yield and efficiency, but only in one trial for feed intake. Differences in milk yields appeared to account for differences among sires in efficiency. Interactions of sire with ration were significant only for fat yield, fat-corrected-milk yield, and efficiency of feed utilization in Trial I. When the records of the daughters of one bull from New Zealand were removed from Trial I data, there were no significant interactions of sire with ration in either trial. Regressions of daughter deviations on sire predicted difference were positive on all rations for milk yield, feed intake, and efficiency traits but tended to be greater under the more liberal feeding regime in each trial. Daughters of sires with high predicted differences used less of their nutrient intake for increase of body tissue and more for milk yield. Heritability of efficiency of feed utilization was .47, and efficiency had a high genetic correlation with feed intake and milk yield (.71 to .95). Selection for high milk yield appears to be a practical means of securing genetic improvement in efficiency of feed utilization.
Morphogenesis of path plan sequences through genetic synthesis of L-system productions

A genetic programming paradigm using Lindenmayer system re-writing grammars is proposed as a means of specifying robot behaviors for autonomous navigation of mobile robots in uncertain environments. The concise nature of these algorithms and their inherent expansion capabilities hold promise as a method of overcoming communication bandwidth and time-of-flight limitations in the transmission of navigation, guidance, and control algorithms of planetary rovers. Though preliminary, the results of this early research show much promise as a viable programming technique for evolutionary robotics and embedded systems.
A Free-Space Optically Locked VCO With Picosecond Timing Jitter in 0.18- \(\mu \) m CMOS

In this letter, we present a novel receiver for time transfer that achieves picosecond accuracy through a line-of-sight link. The receiver is based on a fully integrated optically locked voltage controlled oscillator (OL-VCO) and is implemented in a commercial CMOS process. The design of optical photodiodes integrated with the OL-VCO is explained in detail. It is demonstrated that in the locked mode, the OL-VCO can be synchronized with a 1.3-GHz RF source through a free-space optical link. The free-space synchronization improves the phase noise of the OL-VCO by 25 dB at 100-Hz offset frequency. It is shown that a time transfer accuracy of picosecond can be achieved over a distance of 1.5 m. This represents more than two orders of magnitude improvement compared with the prior art.
Microplasma Jets Generated by Arrays of Microchannels Fabricated in Flexible Molded Plastic

Novel microplasma jet devices have been fabricated in a moldable polymer that is resilient, transparent, and flexible. With a layer-by-layer assembly process involving a mold and initially undercured polymer, arrays of plasma microjets as large as 5 × 2 have been constructed and demonstrated to date. Having a channel diameter of 340 ± 5 μm and a single gas feed 4 mm in diameter for the entire array, the microchannel jets extend ~3.6 mm into laboratory air for a He gas flow rate of ~4.6 standard liters per minute.
STRUCTURE AND SPECTRA OF STABLE AND TRANSIENT STATES AND MECHANISMS OF OXIDATION OF MODEL CYTOCHROME P-450

The cytochrome P450’s are a class of heme proteins involved in a wide variety of metabolic transformations. However, the diverse reactions comprising P450 oxidative metabolism have a unifying characteristic: the enzyme uses one molecule of oxygen and two reducing equivalents [DOH2] usually from NADPH, to produce one molecule of water and the oxidized substrate [ROH]. The two fundamental reactions are hydroxylation and epoxidation (1–2).
Inferring search behaviors using partially observable Markov (POM) model

This article describes an application of the partially observable Markov (POM) model to the analysis of a large scale commercial web search log. Mathematically, POM is a variant of the hidden Markov model in which all the hidden state transitions do not necessarily emit observable events. This property of POM is used to model, as the hidden process, a common search behavior that users would read and skip search results, leaving no observable user actions to record in the search logs. The Markov nature of the model further lends support to cope with the facts that a single observed sequence can be probabilistically associated with many hidden sequences that have variable lengths, and the search results can be read in various temporal orders that are not necessarily reflected in the observed sequence of user actions. To tackle the implementation challenges accompanying the flexibility and analytic powers of POM, we introduce segmental Viterbi algorithm based on segmental decoding and Viterbi training to train the POM model parameters and apply them to uncover hidden processes from the search logs. To validate the model, the latent variables modeling the browsing patterns on the search result page are compared with the experimental data of the eye tracking stu-dies. The close agreements suggest that the search logs do contain rich information of user behaviors in browsing the search result page even though they are not directly observable, and that using POM to understand these sophisticated search behaviors is a promising approach.
Natural convection in a shallow cavity with differentially heated end walls. Part 2. Numerical solutions

Numerical solutions of the full Navier-Stokes equations are obtained for the problem of natural convection in closed cavities of small aspect ratio with differentially heated end walls. These solutions cover the parameter range Pr = 6.983, 10 ≤ Gr ≤ 2x10^4 and 0.05 ≤ A ≤ 1. A comparison with the asymptotic theory of part 1 shows excellent agreement between the analytical and numerical solutions provided that A ≾ 0.1 and Gr^2A^3Pr^2 ≾ l0^5. In addition, the numerical solutions demonstrate the transition between the shallow-cavity limit of part 1 and the boundary-layer limit; A fixed, Gr → ∞.
Survey of Three Different Methods of Delivering Engineering Content in Lectures

There has been a rapid increase in the use of technology in university classrooms. Many university classrooms and laboratories include an overhead projection unit, computer, and connections for laptops. More recently, tablet PCs have been investigated as another way to effectively engage students in a classroom environment. This study summarizes the results of student surveys comparing three different lecture delivery methods: using complete PowerPoint slides and handouts, using traditional chalkboard lectures without handouts, and using skeleton PowerPoint slides and handouts. Both PowerPoint lectures were delivered through a Tablet PC with a wireless link to an LCD projector, allowing for instructor mobility. Second year engineering students were asked to evaluate six learning assessment statements and to provide written feedback regarding the strengths and weaknesses for each of the three methods. Using the Tablet PC resulted in the highest overall scores but with much variance between the six survey q...
A Belief Propagation Based Power Distribution System State Estimator

The most popular method used in traditional power system state estimation is the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). It assumes the state of the system is a set of deterministic variables and determines the most likely state via error included interval measurements. In the distribution system, the measurements are often too sparse to fulfill the system observability. Instead of introducing pseudo-measurements, we propose a Belief Propagation (BP) based distribution system state estimator. This new approach assumes that the system state is a set of stochastic variables. With a set of prior distributions, it calculates the posterior distributions of the state variables via real-time sparse measurements from both traditional measurements and the high resolution smart metering data. In this paper we discuss the step-by-step method of applying the BP algorithm on the distribution system state estimation problem. Our approach provides a seamless connection from the monitoring of transmission system to the feeder circuit, thus filling in the gap between the traditional energy management system (EMS) and the micro-grid customer level optimization. Furthermore, the proposed state estimator can not only be applied to the multi-level electrical coupled grid, but also accommodate the spatial-temporal model for the correlated distributed renewable energy resources. It provides a way of integrating the distributed renew able energy management system into the Smart-Grid Distribution Management System (DMS) and automated substations.
The Yersinia pestis autotransporter YapC mediates host cell binding, autoaggregation and biofilm formation.

YapC, a putative Yersinia pestis autotransporter protein, shows strong homology to the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli adhesin TibA. As a potentially important surface protein of Y. pestis, we analysed YapC for several activities. When expressed in the non-pathogenic Fim− E. coli strain AAEC185, YapC mediated attachment to both murine-derived macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7) and human-derived epithelial-like cells (HEp-2). In addition, expression of YapC on the surface of E. coli led to autoaggregation in DMEM tissue culture medium, a phenomenon associated with virulence in Yersinia species. YapC also mediated formation of biofilm-like deposits by E. coli AAEC185. Deletion of yapC in Y. pestis strain KIM5 resulted in no change in adhesion to either RAW264.7 or HEp-2 cells, or in biofilm formation. Lack of a phenotype for the Y. pestis ΔyapC mutant may reflect the relatively low level of yapC expression in vitro, as assessed by RT-PCR, and/or redundant functions expressed in vitro. These data demonstrate several activities for YapC that may function during Y. pestis infection.
Dual codebook antenna method for spatial multiplexing MIMO systems

The open loop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems do not have any channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter (Tx). The closed loop systems have full CSI at the Tx. The closed loop systems have simpler receivers (Rx), and observe beamforming gain compared to the open loop systems.
Radiations of Zr 97 and Nb 97

Abstract : The radiations of Zr(97) and Nb(97) and Nb(97) were examined by beta-ray spectrometry and coincidence counting. The 17.0-hour Zr(97) was found to decay to a 60-sec. isomer of Nb(97), the latter undergoing isomeric transition to the 75-min. Nb(97) ground state. The disintegration energies are; Zr(97), E-Beta = 1.91 + or - 0.02 Mev.; Nb(97)m, E-gamma = 0.747 + or - 0.005 Mev.; Nb(97), E-beta = 1/267 + or - 0.02 Mev.; E-gamma = 0.665 + or - 0.005 Mev.
The diabetes nutrition education study randomized controlled trial: A comparative effectiveness study of approaches to nutrition in diabetes self-management education

Objective To compare the effectiveness of different approaches to nutrition education in diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S).
The enthalpies of combustion and formation of mono-chlorobenzoic acids

The enthalpies of combustion of o-, m-, and p-chlorobenzoic acid have been determined in an adiabatic rotating-bomb calorimeter. The enthalpies of formation have been obtained by combination of the experimental data with the accepted values for the enthalpies of formation of water, carbon dioxide, and aqueous hydrochloric acid. The results of other investigators are discussed briefly. The resulting values and their estimated 95 percent confidence limits are as follows: o-Chlorobenzoic acidm-Chlorobenzoic acidp-Chlorobenzoic acid ΔHc° (25 °C)-3087.91 ± 0.69 kJ/mol-3068.05 ± 1.53 kJ/mol-3064.40 ± 0.66 kJ/molΔHf° (25 °C)-404.83 ± 0.74 kJ/mol-424.59 ± 1.55 kJ/mol-428.16 ± 0.72 kJ/mol. Where ΔHc° corresponds to the process: -404.61-424.37-429.94C7H5O2Cl(c) + 7 O2(g) + 198 H2O(liq) → 7 CO2(g) + [HC1 + 200 H2O](liq).
Anxious Attachment, Social Isolation, and Indicators of Sex Drive and Compulsivity Predictors of Child Sexual Abuse Perpetration in Adolescent Males?

It has been suggested that child sexual abuse is related to poor attachment to parents, which is associated with an inability to form intimate relationships. Seto and Lalumiere indicated that there were too few studies of adolescent males to determine whether poor attachment was associated with perpetration. This study was designed to follow up on a previous study and further explored the association between insecure attachment to parents, social isolation, and interpersonal adequacy to child sexual abuse perpetration in adolescents. We compared two samples of adolescent males who had committed sexual offenses, those who committed offenses against children (n = 140) and those who committed offenses against peer or adults (n = 92), with a sample of similarly aged males in treatment for mental health or substance use issues (n = 93). Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and computer-administered questionnaire. We found an indirect association between anxious attachment and sexual offenses against child victims, which was accounted for by measures of social involvement and social isolation. These involvement and isolation measures also did not have a direct association with sexual offenses against child victims, in that their contribution was accounted for by a measure of Masculine Adequacy. This Masculine Adequacy, combined with decreased levels of Sexual Preoccupation and Hypersexuality and increased Sexual Compulsivity, was associated with commission of child sexual abuse. The interpersonal variables did not enter a model predicting sexual offending against peers/adults, which seemed solely associated with the interaction between Sexual Compulsivity and Hypersexuality.
A 2,6-diformylnaphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide): synthesis and Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile.

Ozonolysis of the 2,6-divinyl derivative of a naphthalene diimide (NDI) affords a 2,6-diformyl-NDI, which can be used in Knoevenagel condensation reactions, as demonstrated by the synthesis of a 2,6-bis(2,2-dicyanovinyl)-NDI. UV–vis absorption and electrochemical data are compared to those of the parent NDI.
Matrix Patterns and Undetermined Coefficients

(1994). Matrix Patterns and Undetermined Coefficients. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 444-448.
Measurements of the Near Wake of a Rotor in Forward Flight

This paper describes initial measurements of the near wake of a 2-bladed teetering, untwisted, squaretipped rotor in forward flight. Issues of periodicity and repeatibility of the core are studied using laser velocimetry and flow-visualization on the front of the rotor wake where cycle to cycle variations are expected. Core passage uncertainty from cycle to cycle is less than 1° of rotor azimuth. Velocity measurements on the advancing blade side show wake-like core-axial velocities higher than the core circumferential velocity for the first 180° of vortex age. Both the axial and circumferential velocities approach 50% of blade tip speed. The inboard vortex sheet has substantial wake-like velocities and rolls up into a concentrated circulatory region of high wake-like axial velocity rotating opposite to the tip-vortex, within 30° from the blade. The fully-developed values of the vortex core circulation, radius and axial velocity remain constant over 180° of age as current measurements indicate. Measurements on the front, rear and retreating blade side of the rotor are in progress.
The genus Cordyceps and its allies from Anhui II

In this paper,20 species of Cordyceps and its allies from some nature preserves in Anhui Province were reported as follows: Cordyceps brongniartii and its anamorph Beauveria brongniartii,C.cylindrica and its anamorph Nomuraea atypicola,Metacordyceps guniujiangensis and its anamorph Metarhizium aff.cylindro-sporum,Ophiocordyceps heteropoda var.langyashanensis and its anamorph Hirsutella heteropoda,O.mel-olonthae,O.odonatae,O.gryllotalpae,C.kusanagiensis and so on.Among them,O.melolonthae is a new record to China mainland and a minor error in original description of O.odonatae was revised.Specimens examined are deposited in Research Center on Entomogenous Fungi,Anhui Agricultural University(RCEFAAU).
Variation trend analysis of species distribution and composition of cockroaches in Guangzhou

Objective To realize the variation trend of species distribution and composition of cockroaches in Guangzhou,and provide scientific basis for cockroach control. Methods The stick-catch method was used to survey once a month. The stick-cockroach papers were placed at night and collected in the next morning; cockroaches were counted,classified and identified. Results The monitoring data from 2004 to 2012 indicated that there were 2 families,2 generas,5 species cockroaches in Guangzhou. Blattella germanica,Periplaneta americana and Periplaneta australasiae accounted for 98. 48%-100% of the total cockroaches captured. In various of environments,Blattella germanica became the dominant species gradually,replacing Periplaneta americana. In caterings and resident houses,the dominant species was Blattella germanica instead of Periplaneta americana. Conclusion Since 2006,the dominant species of cockroach in Guangzhou city has been replaced by Blattella germanica,indicating that emphasis and method of cockroach control should be changed along with this variation.
An Economic Model of Maritime Piracy: Part 1, Pirates and Shippers

This chapter develops an economic model that examines the behavior of pirates and their potential victims (shippers) in the presence of a fixed enforcement policy. In other words, taking the expected sanction as given, we derive the optimal effort of pirates to locate and attack potential targets and of targets to avoid contact and attack. We then examine how exogenous changes in the expected sanction affect the equilibrium level of offensive efforts by pirates and defensive efforts by shippers. The results show that greater third-party enforcement will generally reduce pirate effort but will also tend to ‘crowd out’ defensive efforts by shippers. In this sense, public enforcement and self-enforcement are substitutes. An alternative response to piracy by shippers when confiscation of cargo is the risk is to adjust the cargo to make it unattractive to pirates. We show that, in contrast to self-defense, this type of ‘self-insurance’ by shippers is complementary to third-party enforcement.
Homogeneously Staining Regions

Homogeneously staining regions are chromosomal sites of multiple (∼ 20–100) repeats of a segment of DNA. They are usually seen only in advanced cancers with a poor prognosis.
Expression and functional analysis of GPR87, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor overexpressed in non small cell lung cancer

B217 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) function as transducer systems, linking extracellular signals from a variety of ligands to intracellular second messenger pathways. While a role for this receptor super-family in the regulation of cell metabolism has been well established, it has more recently been recognized that GPCRs act as important mediators of several pathways relevant to tumorigenesis, including promotion of cell survival, stimulation of proliferation, and induction of angiogenesis. Previously, it has been reported that a purinergic-like receptor, GPR87 (also known as GPR95), is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 in an in vitro model of testicular germ cell cancer. However, the function and expression profile of this orphan receptor in vivo are, at present, poorly understood. We have observed that GPR87 mRNA is overexpressed with high frequency and magnitude in primary human lung tumors. Receptor expression in lung cancer is strictly associated with tumor epithelium, and is not observed in connective tissue, vascular elements, or infiltrating lymphocytes. Overexpression is almost exclusively restricted to adeno- and squamous cell carcinomas of the non-small cell subtype of lung cancers. In contrast, receptor expression is low to undetectable in normal lung and most other tissues examined. GPR87 transfected into HEK293 cells is constitutively active, and co-transfection experiments with chimeric G proteins strongly suggest that the receptor couples to the Gi signaling pathway. These findings may facilitate characterization of the functional role for GPR87 during lung cancer progression.
Kantian Morality and Estrangement

Kant is an incipient philosopher of estrangement. Though he does not use the vocabulary of estrangement that became prominent in the nineteenth century, he offers an account of moral evil that accords it the marks of the concept, and he understands his moral philosophy as aimed at dispelling the semblance of morality as an alien imposition, a semblance that in his view helps to sustain socially systemic moral evil. I want to discuss his moral philosophy as an attempt to foster such a self-clarification.
Fibrosarcoma of the Sellar Region

Malignant mesenchymal tumors rarely arise in the sellar region. Most of them are either spread of a primary skull base lesion or are secondary to radiation therapy for a pituitary adenoma.
Small-Angle Scattering Studies of Porous Solids

Abstract Small-angle scattering of x-rays or neutrons can be used to characterize porous materials and study their structure on a scale from about 5 A to 2000 A. From the scattering data, the pore size can be estimated, and information about the roughness (i.e., the fractal dimension) of the pore boundary surfaces can be obtained. The application of small-angle scattering in some recent investigations of porous solids (i.e., a lignite coal, a group of porous silicas, several controlled-pore glasses, and three reversed-phase silicas) is reviewed.
Accuracy of recall of musculoskeletal injuries in elite military personnel: a cross-sectional study.

Background Self-reported data are often used in research studies among military populations. Objective The accuracy of self-reported musculoskeletal injury data among elite military personnel was assessed for issues with recall. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Applied research laboratory at a military installation. Participants A total of 101 subjects participated (age 28.5±5.6 years). Study participants were active duty military personnel, with no conditions that precluded them from full duty. Primary and secondary outcome measures Self-reported and medical record reviewed injuries that occurred during a 1-year period were matched by anatomic location, injury side (for extremity injuries), and injury year and type. The accuracy of recall was estimated as the per cent of medical record reviewed injuries correctly recalled in the self-report. The effect of injury anatomic location, injury type and severity and time since injury, on recall, was also assessed. Injuries were classified as recent (≤4 years since injury) or old injuries (>4 years since injury). Recall proportions were compared using Fisher’s exact tests. Results A total of 374 injuries were extracted from the subjects’ medical records. Recall was generally low (12.0%) and was not different between recent and old injuries (P=0.206). Injury location did not affect recall (P=0.418). Recall was higher for traumatic fractures as compared with less severe non-fracture injuries (P values 0.001 to Conclusions The results of this study highlight the importance of weighing the advantages and disadvantages of self-reported injury data before their use in research studies in military populations and the need for future research to identify modifiable factors that influence recall.
Web Services Enabled Architecture for Interorganizational Business Process Management.

This research is based on an extensive review of a pioneering interorganizational web services (WS) installation that has been in operation for almost two years. The case study is used to evaluate the current WS technology and identify the critical research issues. In particular, the review concludes that the WS technology is capable of meeting the business need of reusability and flexibility. However, new enterprise architecture is required in order to fulfill the promise of web services technology. The paper introduces dynamic notification based enterprise architecture for managing interorganizational business processes. We further explain why the architecture is necessary in order to support complex business processes.
Reasoning about only knowing with many agents

We extend two notions of "only knowing", that of Halpern and Moses [1984], and that of Levesque [1990], to many agents. The main lesson of this paper is that these approaches do have reasonable extensions to the multi-agent case. Our results also shed light on the single-agent case. For example, it was always viewed as significant that the HM notion of only knowing was based on S5, while Levesque's was based on K45. In fact, our results show that the HM notion is better understood in the context of K45. Indeed, in the singleagent case, the HM notion remains unchanged if we use K45 (or KD45) instead of S5. However, In the multiagent case, there are significant differences between K45 and S5. Moreover, all the results proved by Halpern and Moses for the single-agent case extend naturally to the multi-agent case for K45, but not for S5.
A novel method for real-time estimation of insoluble solids and glucose concentrations during enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass

Abstract The study describes a novel method using instantaneous mixing torque and rotational speed to estimate insoluble solids and glucose concentrations during enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. This method is cost-effective for real-time monitoring and control of enzymatic hydrolysis and potentially scalable. The model was developed using biomass slurries at three solids loading (20, 30 and 45%) at various rotational speeds from 50 to 400 rpm. The results showed a significant drop in mixing torque at 12 h with high solids loading. Maximum glucose concentration (205 g/l) during hydrolysis was achieved at 45% solids loading. Insoluble solids and glucose concentration as a function of torque and rotational speeds were modeled using a modified Herschell-Bulkley model. The model describes the experimental observations with high fidelity (R2 = 0.84) and can be used for real time monitoring of many multiphase reaction systems as enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and dry grind corn ethanol processes.
Decoding the mechanism of formation in marine ooids: A review

Abstract Ooid shoals, sedimentary structures consisting of carbonate grains, are often used as proxies to explore changes in seawater chemistry over Earth history. Despite their importance as contributors to the global carbonate budget and as paleo-environmental indicators for water depth, pH, temperature and water energy, the mechanism of formation of these concentric, sub-spherical concretions of tangentially or radially arranged aragonite or calcite crystals is still the subject of intense debate. Unlike oncoids, whose microbial origins are well acknowledged, ooids are traditionally viewed as abiotic grains, mainly produced in suspension by agitated, warm waters that are supersaturated with respect to CaCO3. Yet, there is considerable evidence, including geochemical bio-signatures and detection of viable microbes capable of mineralization and biofilm production and degradation, to suggest otherwise. The emergence of new and sophisticated technologies reveals that the level of microbial diversity of these sedimentary grains exceeds that of some microbialite systems. These findings have refined our understanding of ooid genesis and ooid accretion processes and argue toward microbial mediation both as a direct result of metabolic activities inducing changes in the environment conducive to precipitation and by a passive mechanism, in which mucilaginous extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) act as a template for mineral nucleation. Furthermore, new developments in the field indicate that carbonate mineralization in marine ooids occurs through sequential precipitations that involve an amorphous calcium carbonate phase (ACC), which some argue are of biotic origins. Herein, we discuss the most relevant theories of ooid formation, including some of the early pioneering studies that laid the groundwork for new theories attempting to decode the origins of these controversial grains.
Association Between Mean Arterial Pressure and Acute Kidney Injury and a Composite of Myocardial Injury and Mortality in Postoperative Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Objectives:Hypotension thresholds that provoke renal injury, myocardial injury, and mortality in critical care patients remain unknown. We primarily sought to determine the relationship between hypotension and a composite of myocardial injury (troponin T ≥ 0.03 ng/mL without nonischemic cause) and d
Promoting Inner Strength in Faith Community Nurses and Faith Communities

The phenomenon of inner strength has been investigated by the authors over the last 25 years. The study and practice of inner strength interventions have led to a middle-range theory of inner strength and an instrument to measure inner strength. The theory and instrument have been developed and tested predominantly in samples of women. This chapter emphasizes the application of interventions to foster the growth of inner strength in faith community nurses and their ministry communities. A plan for nourishment of inner strength in the faith community nurse incorporates four major characteristics: Realistic and Intentional, Investment in Enjoyment, Nonlinear Movement, and Communicating the Value of Faith Community Nursing. The intentional plan to foster inner strength in the individual as well as the faith community ministry holds promise to redefine how health and enhanced social cohesion are viewed.
Investigating Terpenoid Constituents in Commercial Essential Oils to Learn and Practice GC–MS and Literature Research Skills

Students in an organic chemistry laboratory course performed a hands-on activity that involved terpenoid determination in commercial essential oils. During this activity, the students analyzed various commercial essential oils using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to obtain the m/z values of several terpenes and terpenoids. Then the students compared their results with terpene profiles in literature references to draw their conclusions. The activity included (i) terpene and terpenoid analysis of experimental plant extracts, (ii) the selection of the GC–MS parameters, (iii) literature research relevant to terpenoid isolation and characterization, and (iv) the use of ChemDraw to draw natural terpene/terpenoid structures.
Os processos relacionais na pós-graduação sob a perspectiva da bioecologia do desenvolvimento humano

This essay presents an experience report of a descriptive case study, focusing on the analysis of the interfaces between the relational processes in the Postgraduate Programs (PPGs). The objective was to study the personal and academic development of students in an Integrative Seminar of a community university in the South of Brazil by the perspective of the Ecological Systems Theory, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, with emphasis on the concept of proximal processes. The paper, of a qualitative nature, intends to disseminate the idea that a humanizing practice can lead to satisfactory results regarding the productivity of PPGs. Approximating the reader to concepts such as dyads, triads and tetrads, presents the interactional factor as ally to overcome the dilemma of productivity and quality, because it inserts the element resilience, creating a new hypothesis - would the more human PPGs, more productive and with more quality, either? If the contest to complete the academic curriculum is imminent, we can build together the necessary resilience, making the academic environment more human and less hostile.
Request and Share then Assign (RASTA): Task Assignment for Networked Multi-Robot Teams

In this paper, we propose an improvement of the Hungarian method to optimally solve the task assignment problem for a multi-robot team. Our proposed method involves all robots collaboratively working together to disseminate cost information and then individually computing an assignment that optimizes a particular global goal. Through theoretical analysis, we show that our approach is able to produce a common optimal assignment, sending significantly fewer messages and resulting in faster convergence than other approaches based on the Hungarian method. Our experimental results back up this claim, demonstrating that, even in the worst case, our approach sends a fraction of the messages required by other assignment methods and as a result scales better as team size increases.
Non-peptide agonists and positive allosteric modulators of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors: Alternative approaches for treatment of Type 2 diabetes.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) belongs to the pharmaceutically important Class B family of GPCRs and is involved in multiple biologically significant signaling pathways. Its incretin peptide ligand GLP-1 analogs are effective drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Although developing non-peptide small molecule drugs targeting GLP-1R remains elusive, considerable progress has been made in discovering small molecule, non-peptide agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GLP-1R with demonstrated efficacy. Many of these compounds induce biased signaling in GLP-1R-mediated functional pathways. High-quality structures of GLP-1R in both its inactive and active state have been reported, revealing detailed molecular interactions between GLP-1R and non-peptide agonists or PAMs. These progresses raise the exciting possibility of developing non-peptide drugs of GLP-1R as alternative approaches for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The insight into the interactions between the receptor and the non-peptide molecule is also useful for developing non-peptide ligands targeting other Class B GPCRs.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related thrombocytopenia: Incidence, risk factors, and effect on overall survival.

e14549Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a standard of care therapy for patients with many different cancers. ICI are generally well tolerated but are associated with unique immune-...
Paging Dr. JARVIS! Will people accept advice from artificial intelligence for consequential risk management decisions?

Artificial intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science based upon algorithms that can analyze data and make decisions autonomously, is becoming increasingly prevalent in the technology that pow...
The Fidelity Assessment Common Ingredients Tool: Does it Measure Empowerment and Satisfaction with Peer Run Programs?

Research Objectives To investigate whether the Fidelity Assessment Common Ingredients Tool (FACIT) has a relationship between empowerment and satisfaction with people who have psychiatric disabilities and attend Peer Operated Service Programs (POSP) in New Jersey. Design The FACIT was administered along with the Personal Empowerment Scale (PES), the Making Decisions Empowerment Scale (MDES), and the Self-help Agency Satisfaction Scale (SHASS). Two research assistants administered the FACIT, and on a subsequent visit, administered the three surveys. Canonical correlational analysis (Hair et al., 2015) was used to determine if there was a relationship between the FACIT and satisfaction and empowerment. Setting The study occurred in community POSP where people with psychiatric disabilities attend for mutual self-help, and peer led activities (Swarbrick, 2007). Participants A convenience sample consisting of 206 participants, who self-identified as having a serious mental illness, participated from 19 POSP. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The FACIT survey consists of 46 items and six domains and measures how well a peer run organization is adhering to the peer model (Johnsen et al., 2005; SAMHSA, 2011). The PES focuses on independent social functioning (Segal et al., 1995), the MDES measures self-empowerment (Rogers et. al., 1997), and the SHASS measures satisfaction with self-help programs (Segal et al., 2000). Results Canonical correlational analysis found a relationship between satisfaction and empowerment and the six subscales of the FACIT (p Conclusions While a relationship was found between empowerment and satisfaction and the FACIT, these do not appear to be the main focus, which is more about how the POSP is structured and organized. Implications for using the FACIT at peer programs will be presented. Author(s) Disclosures None.