cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction between 6-hydroxydopamine and transferrin: "Let my iron go".

The dopamine analogue 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is selectively toxic to catecholaminergic neurons. Because of its selectivity for neuroblastic cells in the sympathetic nervous system lineage, 6-OHDA has been suggested as a chemotherapeutic agent for targeted treatment of patients with neuroblastoma. We tested the hypothesis that the toxicity of 6-OHDA is caused by its interaction with serum ferric transferrin (Fe-TF) resulting in release of iron. We further hypothesized that this iron, through its redox-cycling by 6-OHDA, triggers generation of reactive oxygen species. 6-OHDA-induced release of iron from Fe-TF was demonstrated by: (1) low-temperature EPR spectroscopic evidence for decay of the characteristic Fe-TF signal (g = 4.3) and appearance of the high-spin signal from iron chelated by 6-OHDA oxidation products; (2) spectrophotometric detection of complexing of iron with the Fe2+ chelator ferrozine; (3) redox-cycling of ascorbate yielding EPR-detectable ascorbate radicals; and (4) generation of hyd...
SUMO-1/Ubc9 promotes nuclear accumulation and metabolic stability of tumor suppressor Smad4.

Tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 is a central intracellular signal transducer for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. We recently reported that transcriptional potential of Smad4 was regulated by SUMOylation in transfected HeLa cells (1), but the precise mechanism and function of Smad4 SUMOylation in TGF-β signaling remain to be elucidated. Here, we describe the regulation of TGF-β signaling by SUMOylation through the control of Smad4 metabolic stability and subcellular localization. We found that SUMO-1 overexpression strongly increases Smad4 levels, while inhibition of SUMOylation by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of the E2 enzyme Ubc9 reduces endogenous Smad4 levels. Concomitantly, SUMO-1 overexpression enhances and Ubc9 knockdown reduces levels of intranuclear Smad4, growth inhibitory response, as well as transcriptional responses to TGF-β. Comparison of wild type and mutant forms of Smad4 for SUMOylation, ubiquitination, and half-life allows the conclusion that SUMO-1 modification serves to protect Smad4 from ubiquitin-dependent degradation and consequently enhances the growth inhibitory and transcriptional responses of Smad4.
The effects of light quality on the growth of phototrophic bacteria in lakes

The effects of light quality (color) on the 14CO2 fixation rates of natural population of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria were tested. The phototrophic bacteria were collected from the sulfide containing waters of 3 stratified lakes. The populations sampled survive in environments where light intensities are very low. Not only are the light intensities low but, due to the “light filtering” characteristics of the lake water, the light is of specific color. It was determined that the spectral properties of the three lakes differed, hence the quality of light reaching the phototrophic bacteria in each lake differed. It was also observed that only green sulfur bacteria were present in the study lake which transmits mainly red light and both purple and green sulfur bacteria were present in the two study lakes which transmit predominantly green light. Enrichment cultures were set up with phototrophic bacteria from two of the lakes serving as the inocula. Enrichment culture studies and photosynthetic responses of the natural populations indicate that light quality is a major factor in determining the composition of phototrophic bacterial population in some lakes.
Reduced complexity maximum likelihood detection for V-BLAST systems

Proposed and studied in this work is a reduced complexity maximum likelihood (ML) detection scheme, which uses a predecoder guided local exhaustive search, for V-BLAST systems. A polygon searching algorithm and an ordered successive interference cancellation (O-SIC) sphere searching algorithm are major components of the proposed multistep ML detectors. The effects of predecoder's performance on the total decoding complexity was studied by simulation. The complexity of the proposed algorithm depends on the operating signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the system. At reasonable high SNRs, its complexity is comparable to that of O-SIC algorithm, a commonly used decoding algorithm for V-BLAST. For V-BLAST systems using a large number of transmit antennas, we also propose a new detection algorithm termed ordered group-wise interference cancellation (O-GIC) to further reduce decoding complexity. The O-GIC based detection scheme is not a ML detection scheme, however, its performance is shown to outperform that of the O-SIC.
An aeroacoustic model for high-speed, unsteady blade-vortex interaction

A three-dimensional aeroacoustic model is developed to predict the sound pulse radiated by the passage of a helicopter blade over a potential vortex. The linearized analysis assumes that either the blade-vortex separation is small or that the blade-tip Mach number is close to 1, or both, so that an acoustically noncompact situation exists. The three-dimensional blade loading due to blade-vortex interaction is constructed through a spanwise superposition of two-dimensional solutions with strength linearly increasing from hub to tip. Such a loading overestimates somewhat the strength of tip region dipoles in the acoustic calculation that follows. The final expression for the predicted far-field signature is obtained in closed form, and thus permits a relatively inexpensive calculation of the directivity of peak acoustic pressures in three dimensions.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALLAN HILLS A77307 METEORITE

Thermoluminescence (TL) measurements on Allan Hills A77307 (AH), a carbonaceous chondrite found in Antarctica, are compared with those on other chondrite and applied to its classification. Two lithologically different 250-mg samples were ground, freed of magnetic material, and ground again to pass a 100-micron sieve. Aliquots of 4 mg were heated to 500 C, exposed to beta radiation from a Sr-90 source, and heated at a rate of 7.3 C/sec in N2. TL was measured with a photomultiplier tube fitted with thermal and blue filters. Glow curves for AH and for seven other, established CO-type chondrites area presented, all exhibiting two major peaks of TL sensitivity. The peaks for the seven CO-type chondrites are found at 91 + or - 7 C and at 203 + or - 11 C; those for AH at 170 + or - 17 C and at approximately 250 C. This difference is considered significant and not due to random fluctuation or a typical sampling. From this comparison and from consideration of the weathering, preterrestrial-alteration, petrological and compositional evidence on AH, it is concluded that AH is a unique chondrite, possessing both similarities to and differences from the CO class.
Environmental control of annual testicular cycles in the lizard Anolis carolinensis. I. Interaction of light and temperature in the initiation of testicular recrudescence

Adult male Anolis carolinensis were placed under several combinations of light and temperature starting in midSeptember to elucidate the environmental factors regulating the initiation of testicular recrudescence (TR). TR normally starts in the fall, proceeds gradually throughout the winter, and is completed in early spring. This pattern appears to be very similar from year to year. TR was greatly accelerated by 14 hours of light daily when body temperatures were kept constant at 32°C; or when body temperatures were fluctuated to emulate a normal thermal cycle (day 32°, night 20°). A pronounced testicular cycle occurred under the latter conditions. If the daily heating (32°) was given at night (with 20°C during the daytime) there was virtually no response to long day-lengths. A photoperiod consisting of 12 or 6 hours of light daily, with body temperature kept constant at 32°C caused a delay in TR as compared to animals in nature or to those kept at a constant low body temperature (20°C). However, once TR began, it was accelerated by the high temperature. Photoperiods of 0 to 14 hours of light daily had no influence on the initiation or rate of TR at 20°C. Testes developed at approximately the same rate as in nature. After 150 days, the testes were unusually enlarged but spermatogenic activity was still low. These data suggest that even though a distinct photoperiodism is evident in Anolis, day-length probably acts only in a permissive way to facilitate the temperature response which is the more direct modifier of TR. Different aspects of TR may have different thermal requirements. TR may be spontaneously initiated by an “endogenous trigger” and then modified by the thermal relations of the animal.
The edge admittance of a wide microstrip patch as seen by an obliquely incident wave

The reflection coefficient of a transverse electromagnetic wave, obliquely incident on the truncated upper edge of a slab-loaded parallel-plate waveguide, is calculated using the knowledge of both the tangential electric field and normal magnetic field on the top of the slab beyond the truncated edge. A suitable approximation of these aperture fields is obtained from the corresponding static fields, resulting in the correct value of the reflection coefficient to first order when the substrate is electrically thin. This development can be considered as a canonical problem on which several promising techniques in the analysis of microstrip patch antennas as circuit elements are based. >
Utilizing marginal net utility for recommendation in e-commerce

Traditional recommendation algorithms often select products with the highest predicted ratings to recommend. However, earlier research in economics and marketing indicates that a consumer usually makes purchase decision(s) based on the product's marginal net utility (i.e., the marginal utility minus the product price). Utility is defined as the satisfaction or pleasure user u gets when purchasing the corresponding product. A rational consumer chooses the product to purchase in order to maximize the total net utility. In contrast to the predicted rating, the marginal utility of a product depends on the user's purchase history and changes over time. According to the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, many products have the decreasing marginal utility with the increase of purchase count, such as cell phones, computers, and so on. Users are not likely to purchase the same or similar product again in a short time if they already purchased it before. On the other hand, some products, such as pet food, baby diapers, would be purchased again and again. To better match users' purchase decisions in the real world, this paper explores how to recommend products with the highest marginal net utility in e-commerce sites. Inspired by the Cobb-Douglas utility function in consumer behavior theory, we propose a novel utility-based recommendation framework. The framework can be utilized to revamp a family of existing recommendation algorithms. To demonstrate the idea, we use Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) as an example and revamp it with the framework. We evaluate the proposed algorithm on an e-commerce (shop.com) data set. The new algorithm significantly improves the base algorithm, largely due to its ability to recommend both products that are new to the user and products that the user is likely to re-purchase.
The Lead Content of Blood Serum

Serum lead concentrations measured by stable isotope dilution with a thermal ionization mass spectrometer and blood lead concentrations measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry are reported for 73 women of child bearing age resident in Los Angeles, California. The two quantities are related by the line y=0.00030+0.00241x (r=0.83), where y is serum lead concentration and x is blood lead concentration, both being expressed in units of microg/L. The linearity of the relationship appears to hold to a blood lead concentration of at least 60 microg Pb/L. The slope of the line indicates that lead in serum is 0.24% of that in whole blood in contrast to recent reports of between 0.32 and 0.35% determined by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry with bismuth used as an internal standard. The discrepancy stems from the ICP mass spectrometer-generated curves not passing through the origin.
Successive mappings: An approach to polygonal mesh simplification with guaranteed error bounds

We present the use of mapping functions to automatically generate levels of detail with known error bounds for polygonal models. We develop a piece-wise linear mapping function for each simplification operation and use this function to measure deviation of the new surface from both the previous level of detail and from the original surface. In addition, we use the mapping function to compute appropriate texture coordinates if the original model has texture coordinates at its vertices. Our overall algorithm uses edge collapse operations. We present rigorous procedures for the generation of local orthogonal projections to the plane as well as for the selection of a new vertex position resulting from the edge collapse operation. The algorithm computes guaranteed error bounds on surface deviation and produces an entire continuum of levels of detail with mappings between them. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on several models: a Ford Bronco consisting of over 300 parts and 70, 000 triangles, a textured lion model consisting of 49 parts and 86, 000 triangles, a textured, wrinkled torus consisting of 79, 000 triangles, a dragon model consisting of 871, 000 triangles, a Buddha model consisting of 1,000,000 triangles, and an armadillo model consisting of 2, 000, 000 triangles.
Repeat Victimization: A Study of Auto Theft in Atlantic City Using the WALLS Variables to Measure Environmental Indicators

The study of the repeat victimization phenomenon is at the forefront of research in environmental criminology and situational crime prevention (SCP). This study utilizes a unique approach in that it compares data collected at two points in time as well as locations that experienced only one auto theft to those that experienced more than one. Five variables were measured at both points in time using the Watchers, Activity Nodes, Location, Lighting and Security indices (WALLS). Independent samples t tests were conducted for the WALLS variables while comparing data from 2004-2005 to 2006-2007. Findings indicate stability in the Watchers, Activity Nodes, and Lighting indices but statistically significant differences in the Watchers (day traffic variable) and Location and Security indices. The “Location” variable continues to be a significant predictor of repeat auto theft victimization. This suggests a need to closely examine the parking structures and street layout to determine how they can be altered to des...
Nonlinear Image Restoration

The presence of signal-dependent image noise sources commonly leads to the use of nonlinear restoration techniques. This paper reviews the use of signal-dependent noise models such as film grain noise and photoelectronic shot noise and describes some of the nonlinear estimators which have been developed for these situations. The usefulness of signal-dependent noise in recovering signal information is also discussed. The results of computer simulations on various test images are presented.
On Milnor Fibrations of Arrangements

EFERENCESG. Denham, A. Suciu, Multinets, parallel connections, and Milnorﬁbrations of arrangements, arxiv:1209.3414.A. Suciu, Characteristic varieties and Betti numbers of free abeliancovers, arxiv:1111.5803, to appear in IMRN, 2013.A. Suciu, Hyperplane arrangements and Milnor ﬁbrations,arxiv:1301.4851.
Aldosterone Blockade in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

of over 6600 patients with acutemyocardial infarction complicated by evidence of systolic leftventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction 40%) and signs of heart failure showed that the selectiveAB with eplerenone, when administered at a dose of up to 50mg daily (mean dose 42 mg daily) between days 3 and 14after infarction (mean 7.3 days) in addition to standardtherapy which could include reperfusion, aspirin, statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I)/angioten-sin receptor blocker (ARB), and a -blocker, resulted in a15% reduction in total mortality (P 0.008) and a 17%reduction in cardiovascular mortality (P 0.005), mainly dueto a 21% reduction in sudden cardiac death (P 0.03). Therewas also a 13% (P 0.002) reduction in the co-primaryendpoint of cardiovascular mortality/cardiovascular hospital-ization (including hospitalization for non-fatal myocardialinfarction, non-fatal stroke, heart failure, and ventriculararrhythmias). The reduction in cardiovascular hospitaliza-tions was mainly attributable to a 15% (P 0.03) reduction inpatients hospitalized for heart failure and a 23% (P 0.002)reduction in episodes of hospitalization for heart failure.There was also an 8% (P 0.02) reduction in total mortality/total hospitalizations. These beneficial effects were associ-ated with a 1.6% (P 0.002) excess incidence in serioushypokalemia (K 6.0 mEq/L) but a 4.9% (P 0.001) decreasein the incidence of hypokalemia (K 3.5 mEq/L). In contrastto the previous experience with the use of spironolactone,there was no increase in the incidence of gynecomastia, breastpain, or impotence in males or menstrual irregularities infemales.Of interest was the finding that the reduction in mortalityassociated with AB, especially sudden cardiac death, seemedto occur relatively early after AB and was sustained over themean 16-month follow-up period. At the time EPHESUS wasplanned, there was little experience with the use of AB duringthe early hours after infarction. Given the uncertainty at thattime as to the effectiveness of AB in patients with acutemyocardial infarction, the necessity of both starting anACE-I/ARB, -blocker, aspirin, and a statins and of assuringthe most timely and effective means of reperfusion, and thepotential for hypotension when adding an AB to standardtherapy, it was decided to delay the administration of ABuntil patients were hemodynamically stable between day 3 to14 after myocardial infarction. Given the beneficial results ofAB in EPHESUS
Noncoital Sexual Activities Among Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Although prior research has demonstrated that many adolescents engage in noncoital sexual behavior, extant peer-reviewed studies have not used nationally representative data or multivariate methods to examine these behaviors. We used data from Cycle 6 of National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to explore factors related to oral and anal sex among adolescents. Methods Data come from 2,271 females and males aged 15–19 in 2002. Computer-assisted self-administered interviews were used to collect sensitive information, including whether respondents had ever engaged in vaginal, oral or anal sex. We used t tests and multivariate logistic regression to test for differences and identify independent characteristics associated with experience with oral or anal sex. Results In all, 54% of adolescent females and 55% of adolescent males have ever had oral sex, and one in 10 has ever had anal sex. Both oral sex and anal sex were much more common among adolescents who had initiated vaginal sex as compared with virgins. The initiations of vaginal and oral sex appear to occur closely together; by 6 months after first vaginal intercourse, 82% of adolescents also engaged in oral sex. The strongest predictor of anal sex involvement was time since initiation of vaginal sex and the likelihood of anal sex increased with greater time since first vaginal intercourse. Teens of white ethnicity and higher socioeconomic status were more likely than their peers to have ever had oral or anal sex. Conclusions Health professionals and sexual health educators should address noncoital sexual behaviors and risk for sexually transmitted infections risk, understanding that noncoital behaviors commonly co-occur with coital behaviors.
The Geometry of Brightness and the Perception of Form

In the sensory world the perception of three-dimensional form depends upon the interplay of light and shadow. An angle forms precise visual patterns in ambient light, and these combined with their projected shapes can account for their reading as 90 degrees, 45 degrees, and so forth.
Modular verification of chemical reaction network encodings via serializability analysis

Chemical reaction networks are a powerful means of specifying the intended behavior of synthetic biochemical systems. A high-level formal specification, expressed as a chemical reaction network, may be compiled into a lower-level encoding, which can be directly implemented in wet chemistry and may itself be expressed as a chemical reaction network. Here we present conditions under which a lower-level encoding correctly emulates the sequential dynamics of a high-level chemical reaction network. We require that encodings are transactional, such that their execution is divided by a "commit reaction" that irreversibly separates the reactant-consuming phase of the encoding from the product-generating phase. We also impose restrictions on the sharing of species between reaction encodings, based on a notion of "extra tolerance", which defines species that may be shared between encodings without enabling unwanted reactions. Our notion of correctness is serializability of interleaved reaction encodings, and if all reaction encodings satisfy our correctness properties then we can infer that the global dynamics of the system are correct. This allows us to infer correctness of any system constructed using verified encodings. As an example, we show how this approach may be used to verify two- and four-domain DNA strand displacement encodings of chemical reaction networks, and we generalize our result to the limit where the populations of helper species are unlimited.
Frequency and latency of response to offset-onset sequences of cutaneous stimulation

Beginning with a mechanically deforming stimulus resting on the skin, the duration of the temporal interval between the offset of the stimulus and the subsequent onset was varied from 45 to 140 msec. Response frequency and latency measurements were obtained for well trained Ss for each offset-onset sequence of stimulation. The results indicated that, (1) response frequency drops to below threshold with durations below 75 msec, and (2) RT increases as the duration is decreased. The results are discussed in terms of the recovery movement of the skin following the removal of the stimulus.
Ethnographic agency, field assistants and the rise of cultural activism in Nepal

This paper explores 38 years of association and collaboration with Ngyema Karma Himdung in the genesis of ethnographic projects related to the western Tamang of Nepal. During this time, Tamang people have moved from the peripheral position of a degraded population to a dynamic presence in contemporary attempts to construct a ‘new Nepal’ and our work was structured in these transformations. I seek to point out how ethnographic agency paradoxically depends to a significant degree on the suspension of that very agency to the agency of others, including assistants, and how ethnographers and the communities among whom they live are in turn caught up in encompassing contexts where agency is always constrained in transforming culturally embedded structures of power. I conclude with discussion of the multiple institutional and ethical constraints at play in the question of recognition of field assistants.
Community and migrant health centers: the need for a coordinated national financing policy

This article is a descriptive revenue profile of Community and Migrant Health Centers providing preventive and primary health care services to underserved rural and urban populations throughout the United States. The study is a secondary data analysis of the 1994 Bureau Common Reporting Requirements (BCRR) reports of the 626 Community and Migrant Health Centers to the Bureau of Primary Health Care. The purpose of the analysis is to examine the sources of revenue of the centers and consider the implications for public policy. In 1994, the 626 centers generated more than $2 billion from all payment sources to care for more than 7 million users. The findings should guide and assist policy makers at the state and federal levels in first deciding the role of C/MHCs in developing managed health care strategies for underserved rural and urban populations and developing the appropriate funding policies to support these decisions.
Sound Changes of Suffix Zi and its Production and Development of Wuzhi Dialect in Henan Province

Sound changes of suffix Zi is systematic and has a regular correspondence with the basic finals in Wuzhi dialect in Henan province.The grammatical function of sound changes of suffix Zi corresponds to the suffix Zi of Mandarin Chinese,but many quantifiers in Wuzhi dialect use Sound changes of suffix Zi.Because of the different developing speed of Sound changes of suffix Zi and basic finals,we can account for its production only through cross-dialects.
The Development and Type Test of Converter Valve for ±1100 kV UHVDC Transmission

In order to research and develop the higher voltage,higher capacity HVDC transmission line and HVDC equipment,China-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co.Ltd has developed a ± 1 100 kV UHVDC converter valve.This paper introduces its electric circuit,trigger and monitoring system,converter valve cooling system as well as valve tower structure design,and gives the test circuit topology.The developed prototype has passed the all type tests.The test results show that the ±1 100 kV / 5 000 A UHVDC converter valve prototype can meet the requirement of engineering application,and it has certain upgrade space.
State Design and Use of Medicaid 1915(c) Waivers and Related Benefits to Provide Services to Children and Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Medicaid is the most significant source of funding for medical services for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We surveyed state Medicaid directors or their designees regarding their use of autism specific 1915(c) waivers and other Medicaid benefits to provide services to children and youth with ASD, with a response rate of 84%. Ten states used autism-specific waivers to provide services. These waivers varied in the number of children served, eligibility criteria and services provided, among other characteristics. Issues related to the number of children to serve and the specific services to provide were perceived to be the most difficult waiver design issues, while provider geographic distribution, capacity and expertise were perceived to be the most difficult implementation concerns. States used a variety of additional Medicaid state plan services (e.g., the optional rehabilitation benefit) and 1915(c) waivers (e.g., a more general waiver serving individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities) to provide services to children and youth with ASD. Thus, continuing to examine the adequacy and effectiveness of state use of a range of Medicaid benefits, including autism-specific 1915(c) waivers is critical. Expanding the evidence base for intervention effectiveness is important as well.
Personnel security and open source intelligence: Employing social media analytics in pre-employment screening and selection

ABSTRACTInarguably, social networking sites have become immensely popular. The proliferation of the type and number of social media venues are well exceeded by the quantity of data they produce. Moreover, these sites engender collateral information previously unavailable to personnel security professionals. While a recent literature review suggests this data is increasingly used in background investigations, its analysis appears devoid of any standardized protocol. The absence of any uniform procedure appears confirmed via a recent review of background investigation manuals from state peace officer accreditation organizations. As a result, specific resources, techniques, and case examples are discussed, and the federal security clearance process is provided as a recommended protocol for investigators.
Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization

Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are needed to develop fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena on a small scale and to study interfacial phenomena in magnetic storage devices, nan...
Complications of vascular access devices.

Summary With the aging of society and the ever-expanding tools of modern medicine, the emergency physician is likely to encounter an increasing number of patients with externally hanging or internally implanted vascular access devices. Aseptic technique, proper access, and appropriate heparinization will provide safe yet rapid vascular access with minimal patient discomfort or risk of complication. On the other hand, patients who present to the emergency department with these devices already functioning should cause the ED physician to add potential catheter and/or pump complications to his or her differential diagnosis when evaluating the patient. In the case of implantable devices containing metal, the physician should be aware that access to electromagnetic radiation devices will be prohibited unless a nonmetallic device is utilized. Historically, the presence of such devices should be documented to prevent erroneous interpretation of imaging studies.
Use of recombinant factor VIIa in treatment of bleeding episodes for patients with refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy

Abstract 4382 Recombinant factor VIIa (rVIIa) is currently used for treatment and prevention of bleeding episodes in hemophilia with inhibitors, congenital factor VII deficiency, and acquired hemophilia. We report a series of 3 cases of immune mediated refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy that were successfully treated with rVIIa, an off-label use. Data was obtained retrospectively over a 6 month period. All patients were known to be platelet refractory with presence of significant titers of plasma HLA antibodies. Two patients had undergone matched unrelated donor HSCT and the third patient suffered from Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Two of the patients presented with GI bleeding and the third with intracranial bleeding. Due to limited availability of HLA matched platelets and negligible increment in platelet count from ABO matched platelets, use of factor VIIa was considered. Transfusion with PRBCs to maintain a Hemoglobin (Hb) > 8.0g/dl and close monitoring of coagulation parameters were performed. Patients received boluses of rFVIIa at 90mcg/kg, every 3–12 hrs. The dose of rFVIIa ranged from 10800–28,000 mcg/day. All three episodes of bleeding achieved clinical or radiologic improvement. No toxicities or arteriothrombotic events were observed with rFVIIa use. Our experience indicates that rFVIIa might be an effective treatment option for patients with refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy. The optimal dosing schedule in this clinical situation needs to be studied. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Recombinant factor VIIa for refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy.
NDER: A Novel Web Application for Teaching Histology to Medical Students

Medical students require a strong foundation in normal histology. However, current trends in medical school curricula have diminished time devoted to histology. Thus, there is a need for more efficient methods of teaching histology. We have developed a novel software program (Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource; https://pcs-webtest0.pathology.washington.edu/academics/pattern/) that uses annotated whole slide images to teach normal histology. Whole slide images of a wide variety of tissues were annotated by a trainee and validated by an experienced pathologist. Still images were extracted and transferred to the Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource web application. In Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource, an image was displayed briefly and the user was forced to identify the tissue type. The display time changed inversely based on cumulative accuracy to challenge the user and maintain engagement. A total of 129 second-year medical students completed the 30-minute Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource module. Surveys showed an increase in confidence from premodule (0% extremely confident, 4% very, 47% somewhat, and 49% not) to postmodule (9% extremely confident, 57% very, 32% somewhat, and 2% not), P < .0001. Accuracy increased from 72.6% pretest to 95.7% posttest, P < .002. The effect size (Cohen d = 2.30) was very large, where 0.2 is a small effect, 0.5 moderate, and 0.8 large. Ninety-six percent of students would recommend Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource to other medical students, and 98% would use Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource to further enhance their histology knowledge. Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource drastically improved medical student accuracy in classifying normal histology and improved confidence. Additional study is needed to determine knowledge retention, but Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource has great potential for efficient teaching of histology given the curriculum time constraints in medical education.
Toward detecting accidents with already available passive traffic information

Traffic accidents occur every day, causing disruptions. The longer disruptions are in place, the more severe they may become as additional vehicles continue to enter the affected roadways. This paper looks at using passive data from a readily available source, smart phones, to detect traffic accidents automatically via machine learning algorithms and thereby allow additional alerts and actions to occur to minimize the disruption. Using simulated data, machine learning algorithms were scored for accuracy and the results were analyzed.
Cities and the larger context: what explains changing levels of crime?

This study explores whether the broader context in which a city is located impacts the change in crime levels over the subsequent decade. This study uses a wide range of cities (those with a population of at least 10,000), over a long period of time (from 1970 to 2010). We test and find that although cities with larger population and those surrounded by a county with a larger population typically experience larger increases in crime over the subsequent decade, cities experiencing an increase in population during the current decade experience crime decreases. The study finds that cities with higher average income experience greater subsequent crime decreases, and those surrounded by counties with larger unemployment increases experience crime increases. Higher levels of income inequality and racial/ethnic heterogeneity are associated with increasing crime rates, and increasing inequality and racial/ethnic heterogeneity in the surrounding county are associated with further increases. Furthermore, this relationship has strengthened since 1970, suggesting that both scales of inequality are even more important from a public safety perspective. Finally, we tested the time invariance of these relationships, and showed that the magnitude of the relationship between city-level inequality and increasing crime has increased over the study period.
Nature, the built environment and perennial flooding in Lagos, Nigeria: The 2012 flood as a case study

Abstract Flooding as a problem often associated with the built urban environment is well established. Large scale impervious surfaces reduce the land area available for water to seep into the ground to augment ground water. But often, flooding is induced or exacerbated by man's interference in nature's way of draining its catchments or basins, thereby upsetting the balance. This paper examines the recurrent flooding in Lagos with the June 27, 2012 episode as a case study in order to project similar occurrences into the future and determine how interfering with the landscape has contributed to this and other flood events. It was noted that developments along major natural water pathways create bottlenecks which may be transmitted upstream along tributaries, especially if those also have been interfered with via development, or waste dumping. Among others, this paper suggests that fixing the city to restore its ecological balance, and adopting modern technology for surfacing by utilizing absorbent concrete will restore some sanity to the flooding situation even in the face of single, high-volume rainfall events.
The Political Economy of Energy Efficiency

Energy-efficient buildings provide the owners with economic benefits, making them a worthwhile investment. Green programs, however, must navigate a political minefield that includes policy challenges as well as concerns that the programs can be costly and take time before they make a return on their investments. “Blue” areas are more likely to embrace green programs than more Republican-leaning portions of the United States. When it comes to implementing or promoting renewable resources, political ideology plays a major part in how supportive states are of alternative energy plans.
Dental Pathology of the Grey Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)

Summary Museum specimens from 637 grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) were examined macroscopically according to predefined criteria. Of the 637 specimens, 569 were included for further examination. The study population included more males (n = 261, 45.9%) than females (n = 196, 34.4%) and animals of unknown sex (n = 112, 19.7%). Additionally, 481 (84.5%) adults, 67 (11.8%) young adults and 21 (3.7%) individuals of unknown age comprised the study population, with juveniles and neonates excluded. The number of teeth present for examination was 23,066 (96.5%) with 624 (2.6%) absent artefactually, 15 (0.06%) absent congenitally and 193 (0.8%) lost ante mortem through acquired tooth loss. No persistent deciduous teeth or temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis were found in any of the specimens. Ten supernumerary teeth from nine (1.6%) specimens were encountered. Teeth with extra roots were found in 61 individuals (10.7%), with 0.4% of all teeth affected. Of the alveoli examined, 1,529 (6.4%) displayed bony changes suggestive of periodontitis, with 276 (48.7%) of individuals affected. Significantly more adults were affected by bony changes associated with stage 3 periodontitis than young adults. All specimens displaying stage 4 periodontitis were adults. Fractures affected 446 (78.4%) of the specimens examined and 3,554 (15.4%) of teeth present. Almost half (n = 10,856, 47.1%) of the teeth available for examination and most specimens (n = 487, 85.6%) displayed some degree of attrition or abrasion. Two individuals (0.4%) exhibited periapical lesions. Traumatic skull injuries affected 56 (9.8%) specimens. Characterizing the dental pathology in the grey fox provides key insight into the ecology of the species and factors contributing to fitness.
Pain Assessment Methods and Interventions Used by Pediatric Psychologists: A Survey by the Pain Special Interest Group of the Society of Pediatric Psychology.

Although many valid pain-related assessment instruments and interventions exist, little is known about which are actually utilized in practice and the factors that contribute to pediatric psychologist’s decisions about their use. The aim of this survey study was to present a summary of current clinical practice among pediatric psychologists in the area of pediatric pain and to identify the needs and possible resources that would enable practitioners to better implement evidence-based assessments and interventions. To accomplish this aim, the Pain Special Interest Group of the Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) constructed an online survey that was sent electronically to current members of the SPP list serve. Results indicated the majority of participants are guided by a theoretical model and are using evidence-based assessments and interventions, although they are not always familiar with the literature supporting their use. Providers noted evidence-based pain intervention is facilitated by assessment tools, intervention resources, and appreciation of pain interventions by multidisciplinary team members. Barriers are both logistical (clinic space and time constraints) and knowledge-based (lack of familiarity with assessments/interventions). Thus, while pediatric psychologists are progressing towards better translation of research to practice, continued educational efforts and communication among practitioners about available resources are warranted.
In-Band Full-Duplex Multimode Lens-Loaded Eight-Arm Spiral Antenna

A multimode lens-loaded eight-arm spiral aperture is proposed for in-band full-duplex applications. Specifically, the single eight-arm spiral antenna is composed of a four-arm spiral for transmitting (TX) and a 45° spatially rotated four-arm spiral for receiving (RX). The eight-arm spiral antenna is connected into two $4 \times 4$ Butler matrix beamforming networks (BFNs) to differentiate between the TX and RX arms/ports and distinguish their functionalities. In the absence of BFN imbalances and antenna geometry asymmetries, the isolation is theoretically infinite due to full cancellation at the RX antenna ports and RX beamformer ports. This approach also enables diverse co-polarized TX and RX radiation modes while maintaining theoretically infinite isolation. The considered spiral aperture modes are mode 1, with a broadside pattern, and modes 2 and 3, with conical patterns. The aperture is loaded with a hyperhemispherical dielectric lens to improve the far-field performance. The operational principles are discussed first under ideal conditions, followed by the computational and experimental results. Average measured isolation >38 dB is achieved over 3:1, 1.5:1, and 1.3:1 bandwidths for the radiating TX and RX modes 1–3, respectively. Once the TX and RX are driven with identical modes, similar radiation patterns with high envelope correlation coefficient are obtained.
Employment structure and returns to skill in Vietnam : estimates using the labor force survey

This paper uses Labor Force Survey data to assess key aspects of the labor market in Vietnam over 2007-14. The analysis finds large growth in wage employment in the foreign-owned and domestic private sectors. However, the state sector remains a major employer, particularly for workers with higher education, employing 70 percent of wage workers with a university degree. Low-skilled occupations dominate the stock of existing jobs, but the top growing occupations overwhelmingly belong to high-skilled categories. The paper notes that the high unemployment rates of recent university graduates, which have raised concern about a mismatch between skills and employer needs, reflect the transition to the job market and diminish sharply as graduates age. The returns to education in the private sector are highest for university graduates. Finally, women and ethnic minorities are less likely to work in wage jobs, and those that do earn lower wages, although the wage gap for women has declined over time.
GENERAL AND PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF METER: LITERATURES, EPOCHS, POETS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the general and particular aspects of meter. The linguistic-statistical methodology in studying verse has long been characteristic of Russian metrists and has turned out to be very productive. The approach is still little familiar to non-Slavist Western scholars who do not have access to seminal works written mostly in Slavic languages. The way meter manifests itself in the texts of a specific period, poet, or poem has been termed rhythm by the Russian metrists. The approach and methodology may be somewhat different, depending on the immediate aim of the scholar; certain general principles remain the same. The specific organizing principle of metrical verse is based on a feature of language phonology—syllabic prominence. Meter regulates the alternation of syllables marked by opposing prominence. The rigidity of the laws of meter conventionally imposed on the language material differs in differing literatures and at various periods of their history.
Thermal Aerosol Processes

Gas phase powder synthesis refers to the production of particles by gas phase (aerosol) processes. These processes have received increased attention in materials processing since they do not involve the tedious steps and large, environmentally burdensome, liquid volumes of wet chemical processes. In addition, the time scales of aerosol processes are much shorter than those involving solid-solid reactions. Furthermore, these processes can produce materials of high purity at high yields. Industry can provide several success stories of implementing aerosol processes in production of particulate commodities (carbon blacks, pigmentary titania, fumed silica) and optical fibers (Pratsinis and Mastrangelo, 1989). Though few of these processes are currently used for non-oxide powder synthesis, there is a strong likelihood that aerosol processes will also be used in large scale manufacture of non-oxides.
Iterated mutation in an evolutionary algorithm for Sudoku

A Sudoku puzzle specifies symbols from the set S = {1, 2, ..., 9} for some cells in a 9x9 grid, with no duplicate symbols in any of the grid's rows, columns, or non-overlapping 3x3 regions. The challenge is to fill the grid's remaining cells with symbols from S in such a way that the non-duplicate condition is preserved. An evolutionary algorithm to solve Sudoku puzzles encodes candidate solutions as 9x9 arrays. To these chromosomes, the EA applies operators based on the significant sub-structures of a puzzle: its rows, columns, and non-overlapping 3x3 regions. These operations include crossover, mutation, and an iterated mutation that we call wandering. Repeated trials of the EA on 100 published Sudoku puzzles all quickly found solutions.
Issues surrounding the administration of a credit course for medical students: survey of US academic health sciences librarians.

Objectives: For librarians developing a credit course for medical students, the process often involves trial and error. This project identified issues surrounding the administration of a credit course, so that librarians nationally can rely more upon shared knowledge of common practices and less upon trial and error. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the education services librarian at each medical school listed in the 2000 AAMC Data Book. A second questionnaire was sent to those librarians who did not return the first one. Results: Of the 125 librarians surveyed, 82 returned the questionnaire. Of those 82, only 11 offered a credit course for medical students, though 19 more were in the process of developing one. Data were gathered on the following aspects of course administration: credit course offerings, course listing, information learned to administer the course, costs associated with the course, relationships with other departments on campus, preparation for teaching and grading, and evaluation of the course. Conclusions: Because of small number of respondents offering a credit course and institutional variations, making generalizations about issues surrounding the administration of a credit course is difficult. The article closes with a list of recommendations for librarians planning to develop a course.