cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Security and Privacy Dimensions in Next Generation DDDAS/Infosymbiotic Systems: A Position Paper

The omnipresent pervasiveness of personal devices will expand the applicability of the Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) paradigm in innumerable ways. While every single smartphone or wearable device is potentially a sensor with powerful computing and data capabilities, privacy and security in the context of human participants must be addressed to leverage the infinite possibilities of dynamic data driven application systems. We propose a security and privacy preserving framework for next generation systems that harness the full power of the DDDAS paradigm while (1) ensuring provable privacy guarantees for sensitive data; (2) enabling field-level, intermediate, and central hierarchical feedback-driven analysis for both data volume mitigation and security; and (3) intrinsically addressing uncertainty caused either by measurement error or security-driven data perturbation. These thrusts will form the foundation for secure and private deployments of large scale hybrid participant-sensor DDDAS systems of the future.
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance but not skeletal muscle dysfunction or all-cause mortality

Recent work has found that older adults with obesity and systemic inflammation have associated metabolic dysfunction but do not have associated lower lean mass or strength. However, this lean mass estimate may be inflated with obesity, given that 15 % of adipose tissue is composed of fat-free tissue. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate, in a nationally representative sample of adults, whether obese adults with chronic systemic inflammation (unhealthy) have differences in lean mass, muscle strength, and insulin resistance when compared to normal weight individuals without elevated levels of systemic inflammation (healthy). A secondary objective was to determine whether these potential differences were moderated by physical activity and to determine if these groups had a differential risk for all-cause mortality. Our findings suggests that the unhealthy group was associated with higher upper body lean mass (β = 823; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 637-1010; P < 0.001), lower body lean mass (β = 2724; 95 % CI 2291-3158; P < 0.001), and strength (β = 34.6; 95 % CI 13.5-55.7; P = 0.003) compared to the healthy group despite having systemic inflammation and correcting for fat-free adipose tissue. However, the unhealthy group was associated with insulin resistance (odds ratio (OR) = 16.1; 95 % CI 2.7-96.1; P = 0.005) although this finding was attenuated in those physically active (OR = 8.5; 95 % CI 2.43-30.15; P = 0.003). Despite this metabolic dysfunction, there was no difference in all-cause mortality risk between groups (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16 (95 % CI 0.69-1.96; P = 0.54)) suggesting that higher amounts of lean mass and strength may be protective of premature mortality.
Syneresis and rheology mechanisms of a latex-HEUR associative thickener system

This study focuses on the phase behavior, rheology, and interactions of polymer latex particles and a hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane (HEUR) associative thickener in water. At constant 0.25 latex particle volume fraction, increasing HEUR caused stable, followed by phase separated (syneresis), and stable mixtures as HEUR concentration increased from 0% to 2.0% (by weight) in the latex-thickener aqueous mixture. The mixtures that underwent syneresis were flocculated. The relationship between the flocculation behavior and the composition of the latex-HEUR mixtures is consistent with previous work reported by other investigators. However, detailed rheological data on systems like these that have undergone syneresis have not been reported. This paper presents detailed viscosity vs shear rate data and correlates viscosity trends with the both flocculation and syneresis behavior. The stable latex-HEUR mixtures at low HEUR levels show Newtonian or shear-thinning viscosity with well-defined low-shear Newtonian plateaus. As HEUR level is increased to levels at which syneresis is observed, erratic rheological profiles with shear thinning as well as thickening are observed. This type of shear thickening has been attributed to bridging flocculation by other investigators. When HEUR level is further increased to levels at which no syneresis is observed, low-shear Newtonian plateaus re-appeared, albeit at higher viscosities. Detailed analysis of syneresis and shear-thickening behavior of a latex-HEUR mixture containing 0.5% (by weight) HEUR showed two shear-thickening regions, one between 0.1 and 0.5 s−1 shear rate range and another between 30 and 100 s−1 shear rate range. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the HEUR thickener indicates that the two shear-thickening regions are related to the bi-modal nature of the thickener’s MWD.
Asymptotics of the Boltzmann Equation and Fluid Dynamics

The relations and differences between the Boltzmann equation and the fluid dynamic equations is one of the most interesting features of kinetic theory. In these four lectures at CISM in Udine I present an outline of this theory and some of its main results: derivation and validity of the fluid equations using the Hilbert and Chapman-Enskog expansions, description of shock waves, boundary layer solutions, and fluid dynamics of discrete velocity models. The objective of these lectures is to present rigorous results with solid physical meaning and to suggest further lines of research.
Screening for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Background and Aim Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at heightened risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which gives rise to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Yet, current guidelines do not recommend screening for NASH among these high-risk patients. Using a simulation model, we assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening diabetic patients for NASH.
The Role of Histone Acetylation in Long-Term Memory Storage

Long-term contextual memory formation requires transcription within the hippocampus, a brain structure deep inside the medial temporal lobe. The mechanisms by which this transcription is initiated and maintained are still poorly understood, although histone acetylation is known to be involved. The interaction between phosphorylated CREB and the histone acetyltransferase CREB-binding protein (CBP) is necessary for long-term memory. Histone acetylation is known to increase at specific CREB regulated promoters after contextual fear conditioning, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which increase histone acetylation, have been demonstrated to increase long-term memory when injected into the hippocampus during memory consolidation. Specific lysine residues on histone tails are targets for acetylation, and individual acetylation patterns may be important regulators of long-term memory. Determining the genes regulated by histone acetylation after contextual learning will provide insight into the necessary components of memory consolidation and may lead to development of novel, selective therapeutics that enhance memory in diseases in which memory is affected.
Precious cells contain precious information: strategies and pitfalls in expression analysis from a few cells.

Abstract Expression analysis, often encompassed in the term "functional genomics," is the link between physiology and molecular biology. Often, specific physiological changes in plant development are due to a limited number of genes, expressed exclusively in very few cells of an organ or organism. Compounding the situation, these physiological changes may also be transient. Therefore, searching for the responsible genes, though exciting and necessary to understand important processes, is hindered primarily by the scarcity of "precious" cells in the desired physiological state. Used judiciously, molecular methods such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), microarray analysis, or subtractive hybridization allow analysis of rare or special cells. Each of these methods has its advantages and pitfalls. Working with precious cells entails special biological strategies to avoid excessive work in obtaining the data and misinterpretation of it. To illustrate the logic and methods involved in working with precious cells-tissues, we describe how subtractive hybridization followed by expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing can be used to search for a few genes specific to a few available cells.
Integrating computational fluid dynamics with preliminary architectural design for natural ventilation

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has a great potential to be integrated with preliminary architectural design for natural ventilation strategies. A wide range of natural ventilation simulations and validation research on airflow performance inside or around buildings has been published during the past years in the engineering field, but the results have not yet been integrated well into architectural design. The reason can be concluded as: 1- the complex physics and mathematics behind CFD is often not familiar to architects; 2- CFD simulation and validation are time consuming while a single CFD validation is only effective for one specific model to ensure the engineering accuracy, therefore very few generalizations are possible. With this gap, architects can rarely integrate CFD in the preliminary design process as an effective assistance. The work presented in this poster discusses what kind of design assistance CFD could provide for architects and whether the current CFD research work promises good potential for future applications.
Abstract 376: Berry Anthocyanins and Their Metabolite Ameliorate High Glucose-Induced Adhesion of Monocytes to Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Modulating the Cross-Talk Between eNOS and NFκB Signaling

Introduction: In diabetes, hyperglycemia-induced vascular inflammation, resulting in the adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells and their subsequent migration into the subendothelial space, plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis. ROS induce the inflammatory events involved in diabetic vascular disease by suppressing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through activation of Inhibitor κB kinase (IKKβ), an activator of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB). Aim: To determine the effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (a major anthocyanin abundant in berry fruits; cyn-3-glu), protocatechuic acid (a major metabolite of anthocyanins; PCA), and bilberry anthocyanins (a mixture of 15 anthocyanins present in bilberry; BBA) on endothelial inflammation induced by hyperglycemia. Methods: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were cultured in normal (5 mM) or high-glucose (25 mM) ± 1 nM - 10 μM cyn-3-glu, PCA or BBA for 72 h. Cell adhesion (assessed via fluorescent probe labeled THP-1, a human monocytic cell line), intracellular ROS (assessed via DCFH-DH), mRNA expression of eNOS, NFκB-p65, and IKKβ (assessed via qPCR), and cell viability (assessed via CellTiter-Blue assay) were quantified in response to the described treatments. Results: Relative to results obtained from HAEC exposed to 5 mM glucose, ROS generation (42±4%), monocyte adhesion (35±2%), NFκB-p65 expression (80±13%), and IKKβ expression (50±11%) were elevated (p Conclusion: Berry anthocyanins and their metabolite, at concentrations achievable in human plasma by consumption of berry fruits, attenuate glucotoxic vascular inflammation in HAEC by ameliorating NFκB mediated suppression of eNOS signaling. Anthocyanin consumption might be a novel ancillary treatment to prevent vascular complications associated with diabetes.
The Value Issue of Business: The Responsibility of the Businessman

In the arena of today's social value problems, the businessman is accused and victimized by his own professional rationale—a rationale derived from traditional economic theory. This rationale, unli...
Rural Ozone Pollution: New Science, Old Rules

The Clean Air Act, widely considered the most complex environmental legislation in the United Sates, has not undergone any significant change since 1990. This Essay argues that the Clean Air Act’s ability to protect human health is limited by a failure to improve the Act to reflect modern scientific understandings. Even discounting those original parts of the Act essentially unchanged from the 1970s, the science that informed passage of the Act is twenty-three years old. During the interim, scientific understanding of air quality and pollution changed drastically, yet the Act remains unchanged. The 2007 discovery of highly-elevated wintertime ozone levels in a rural oil and gas field directly challenged what we “know” about ozone pollution. Before, science equated ozone pollution exclusively with high-temperature summer days in industrialized urban settings. The Clean Air Act, built around that science, still considers ozone exclusively from the urban point of view. However, EPA must now apply rules designed to fix smog problems in Los Angeles to rural areas which have nothing in common with urban settings. This disparity affects EPA’s ability to protect human health. It also leads to regulatory inefficiency and industry uncertainty. This Essay calls for a fresh look at the old rules, using the recent discovery of rural ozone as a primary example.
Response of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to different doses of D-leucine-6-LH-RH ethylamide in oligospermic patients.

The rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels after intramuscular administration of D -leucine-6-LH-RH ethylamide was studied in seven patients with idiopathic normogonadotropic oligospermia. Four tests with 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg of the analog, respectively, were carried out at 8 A.M. on each subject. The interval between tests was 1 week. Serum levels of LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay before (− 15 and 0 minutes) and 2, 4, 6,12, and 24 hours after each injection. No differences in the basal values for either hormone were observed. D -Leucine-6-LH-RH ethylamide produced significant increases in LH and FSH levels for 6 to 12 hours after the injection. Peak values were obtained between 4 and 6 hours. A doseresponse relationship for both gonadotropins was observed. The highest average levels of LH and FSH were obtained after injection of 20.0 μg of the drug. A great individual variation in magnitude of response was observed which seemed to be related to the functional reserve of the pituitary. It is suggested that doses of 10.0 to 20.0 μg of D -leucine-6-LH-RH ethylamide/day could be used for chronic treatment in male infertility.
Effect of different local anesthetics on analgesia after harvesting grafts from the scalp in burn patients

Objective To investigate the different effect among ropivacaine,bupivacaine,lidocaine on analgesia after harvesting grafts from the scalp in burn patients. Methods 84 patients who need harvesting grafts from the scalp after burn were divided in 4 groups randomly( n = 21). Patients in group C hypodermically injected with saline 200 m L were control,while patients in group R injected with 0. 05% ropivacaine 200 m L,group B with 0. 188% bupivacaine,and group L with 0. 1% lidocaine. Motor activity assessment scale( MAAS) and visual analogue scale( VAS) were made before anesthesia( T0) and 20 min,5 h,10 h after awake of patients. VAS were made focus on head and body in part. Vital signs were also monitored and recorded for assessment of security. Results All patients in 4 groups had passed the period of operation safely. Patients in group R have better VAS than other groups. Conclusion Low concentration ropivacaine hypodermically injection of head is helpful to relieve the pain after harvesting grafts from the scalp.
Serotonin Activates Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Enhances the Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Host

Bacteria in humans play an important role in health and disease. Considerable emphasis has been placed in understanding the role of bacteria in host-microbiome interkingdom communication. Here we show that serotonin, responsible for mood in the brain and motility in the gut, can also act as a bacterial signaling molecule for pathogenic bacteria. Specifically, we found that serotonin acts as an interkingdom signaling molecule via quorum sensing and that it stimulates the production of bacterial virulence factors and increases biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo in a novel mouse infection model. This discovery points out at roles of serotonin both in bacteria and humans, and at phenotypic implications not only manifested in mood behavior but also in infection processes in the host. Thus, regulating serotonin concentrations in the gut may provide with paradigm shifting therapeutic approaches.
Review of ‘Sculpture Victorious: Art in an Age of Invention, 1837–1901’ at the Yale Center for British Art, 11 September to 30 November 2014

An academic review of the exhibition ‘Sculpture Victorious: Art in an Age of Invention, 1837–1901’ at the Yale Center for British Art, assessing the impact of the exhibition for the future of studies into Victorian sculpture.
Accuracy of Suture Passage During Arthroscopic Remplissage—What Anatomic Landmarks Can Improve It? A Cadaveric Study

Background:Recent data suggest that inaccurate suture passage during remplissage may contribute to a loss of external rotation, with the potential to cause posterior shoulder pain because of the pr...
Developmental program impacts phenological plasticity of spring wheat under drought

Developing drought-tolerant crops critically depends on the efficient response of a genotype to the limited water availability, a trait known as phenological plasticity. Our understanding of the phenological plasticity remains limited, in particular, about its relationships with plant developmental program. Here, we examined the plastic response of spring wheat at tillering, booting, heading, and anthesis stages to constant or periodic drought stress. The response was assessed by morphological and physiological parameters including symptoms. The dynamics of morphological symptoms were indicators of the plasticity identification of drought. We found that spring wheat exhibits higher phenological plasticity during tillering stage followed by the heading stage, while booting and anthesis stages are the most sensitive. Also, the adaptive response is thought to be influenced with the plant height genes. Furthermore, periodic stress caused more pronounced inhibition of yield than the constant stress, with limited resistance resolution under long period. Our study shows the importance of considering the phenological plasticity in designing screens for drought tolerance in spring wheat and proposes tillering as the most informative stage for capturing genotypes with tolerance to limit water availability.
Out of the mouths of babes: Comenius and World Peace

Comenius was a leading European intellectual and philosopher. In the wake of the Thirty Years War, he dedicated himself to perfecting and promulgating what he believed to be the formula for peace, a formula based on the idea of universal education.
Puromycin-resistant lentiviral control shRNA vector, pLKO.1 induces unexpected cellular differentiation of P19 embryonic stem cells

RNA silencing is used as a common method for investigating loss-of-function effects of genes of interest. In mammalian cells, RNA interference (RNAi) or RNA silencing can be achieved by transient siRNA (small or short interfering RNA) transfection or by stable shRNA (short hairpin RNA) systems. Various vectors are used for efficient delivery of shRNA. Lentiviral vectors offer an efficient delivery system for stable and long-term expression of the shRNA in mammalian cells. The widely used lentiviral pLKO.1 plasmid vector is very popular in RNAi studies. A large RNAi database, a TRC (the RNAi Consortium) library, was established based on the pLKO.1-TRC plasmid vector. This plasmid (also called pLKO.1-puro) has a puromycin-resistant gene for selection in mammalian cells along with designs for generating lentiviral particles as well for RNA silencing. While using the pLKO.1-puro TRC control shRNA plasmid for transfection in murine P19 embryonic stem (ES) cells, it was unexpectedly discovered that this plasmid vector induced robust endodermal differentiation. Since P19 ES cells are pluripotent and respond to external stimuli that have the potential to alter the phenotype and thus its stemness, other cell types used in RNA silencing studies do not display the obvious effect and therefore, may affect experiments in subtle ways that would go undetected. This study for the first time provides evidence that raises concern and warrants extreme caution while using the pLKO.1-puro control shRNA vector because of its unexpected non-specific effects on cellular integrity.
Integrated surveillance and modelling systems for climate-sensitive diseases: two case studies

Abstract Background Infectious disease surveillance has traditionally focused on tracking human cases along with arthropod vectors and zoonotic hosts. For climate-sensitive diseases, there is potential to strengthen surveillance and predict future outbreaks by monitoring environmental risk factors using broad-scale sensor networks. We aim to highlight the opportunities and challenges of this integration by presenting two case studies of operational surveillance and forecasting systems for mosquito-borne diseases. Methods The Epidemic Prognosis Incorporating Disease and Environmental Monitoring for Integrated Assessment (EPIDEMIA) system integrates malaria case surveillance with remotely sensed environmental data to predict malaria outbreaks in the Amhara region of Ethiopia and has been producing weekly forecasts since 2015. The South Dakota Mosquito Information System (SDMIS) combines entomological surveillance with gridded meteorological data to generate weekly risk maps for West Nile virus in the north-central USA. Both systems use a variety of earth science datasets, including meteorological fields from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS); rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission; and land surface temperature and surface reflectance from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We assessed these projects by conducting structured interviews and soliciting written reports from stakeholders. Findings Despite differences in disease ecology and geographic setting, feedback from the stakeholders revealed common themes that can inform future efforts at disease early warning based on climatic models. These include the value of assimilating multiple data streams to constrain model predictions with recent observations of infection, the crucial role of automated workflows to facilitate timely data processing and integration, and the challenge of linking forecasts to specific public health responses. Interpretation Information systems that integrate climate data with disease surveillance are critical enabling technologies that support data access, model-based predictions, and continuous evaluation and improvement of forecasts. These systems must also include networks of individuals and institutions that create a broader enabling environment to support disease forecasting. Funding National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and NASA Applied Sciences Public Health and Air Quality Program.
Circuit Techniques for Online Learning of Memristive Synapses in CMOS-Memristor Neuromorphic Systems

Memristors are widely leveraged in neuromorphic systems for constructing synapses. Resistance switching characteristics of memristors enable online learning in synapses. This paper addresses a fundamental issue associated with the design of synapses with memristors whose switching rates in either direction differ up to two orders of magnitude. A twin-memristor synapse that uses memristors with identical switching rates is first presented. It is shown this design fails in the case of disproportionate switching times. To circumvent this issue, a quad-memristor synapse is also considered. The scheme used for online learning of the synapse circuit implementation, and simulation results are also presented. To compare the two synapses, their area, clock frequency, dynamic power and energy per spike values are provided.
The Effectiveness of Videodisc Instruction in Teaching Fractions to Learning-Disabled and Remedial High School Students:

This study compares the effectiveness of a videodisc curriculum that incorporates principles of instructional design (including discrimination practice and cumulative review) with a traditional bas...
Mechanical Properties of Polycrystalline Ice

Ice normally exists at very high homologous temperatures, mostly above 0.9 and commonly above 0.95, and it readily displays a wide range of mechanical properties, including elasticity, nonlinear viscosity, creep rupture and brittle fracture. It is an important material in earth science and engineering, as well as being a valuable model material for exploration of general problems involving the mechanics of solids.
Outage prediction using radar measurement for facilitating distribution system restoration

Strong thunderstorms and severe weather events are some of the most significant and frequent threats to the electrical grid infrastructure. Outages resulting from storms can be very costly. While some tools are available to predict storm induced damage, they are typically very crude and provide little forecasting means to facilitate restoration. This study developed a methodology to use historical high-resolution (both temporal and spatial) radar observations of storm characteristics and outage information to develop weather condition dependent failure rate models (FRMs) for different types of generic grid components. Such models can estimate outage numbers in small areas of a utility's service territory once the new weather data becomes available as the input to the models.
Clinical Reasoning: Siblings with progressive weakness, hypotonia, nystagmus, and hearing loss

A Yemeni boy was born healthy at full term after an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. Head circumference (HC) at birth is unknown. At 3 months of age, he developed vomiting and failure to thrive. He was diagnosed with renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Targeted DNA analysis revealed ATP6V0A4 mutations associated with autosomal recessive distal RTA. Around 12 months of life, the patient developed horizontal nystagmus. At that time, his HC and height were approximately 10th percentile for age (45 cm and 74.9 cm, respectively). His development, the remainder of his neurologic examination, and brain MRI were normal. There were no birthmarks. He was lost to follow-up until 30 months of age, when he developed leg pain, progressive weakness of the lower, then upper extremities, dysarthria, decline in language skills, and sensorineural hearing loss following a mild viral illness. Examination at 30 months revealed normal muscle bulk, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, weakness (4/5 muscle strength throughout), and a wide-based gait. Bilateral wrist drop, finger contractures, decreased muscle bulk, and microcephaly (HC 2nd percentile, 46 cm) were noted at 53 months of age.
Groundwater dynamics in mountain peatlands with contrasting climate, vegetation, and hydrogeological setting

Abstract Hydrological dynamics act as a primary control on ecosystem function in mountain peatlands, serving as an important regulator of carbon fluxes. In western North America, mountain peatlands exist in different hydrogeological settings, across a range climatic conditions, and vary in floristic composition. The sustainability of these ecosystems, particularly those at the low end of their known elevation range, is susceptible to a changing climate via changes in the water cycle. We conducted a hydrological investigation of two mountain peatlands, with differing vegetation, hydrogeological setting (sloping vs basin), and climate (strong vs weak monsoon influence). Growing season saturated zone water budgets were modeled on a daily basis, and subsurface flow characterizations were performed during multiple field campaigns at each site. The sloping peatland expectedly showed a strong lateral groundwater potential gradient throughout the growing season. Alternatively, the basin peatland had low lateral gradients but more pronounced vertical gradients. A zero-flux plane was apparent at a depth of approximately 50 cm below the peat surface at the basin peatland; shallow groundwater above this depth moved upward towards the surface via evapotranspiration. The differences in groundwater flow dynamics between the two sites also influenced water budgets. Higher groundwater inflow at the sloping peatland offset higher rates of evapotranspiration losses from the saturated zone, which were apparently driven by differences in vegetative cover. This research revealed that although sloping peatlands cover relatively small portions of mountain watersheds, they provide unique settings where vegetation directly utilizes groundwater for transpiration, which were several-fold higher than typically reported for surrounding uplands.
Virtual Transparency: From the Panopticon to the Expository Society and Beyond

In a previous book, Exposed: Desire and Disobedience in the Digital Age (2015), Bernard Harcourt explored our new digital age and its many seductions—how our own desires to take selfies, post Snapchats, and stream NetFlix unwittingly feed the surveillance machinery of the NSA, Google, Facebook, etc. Harcourt argued that we have entered an “expository society” where we increasingly exhibit ourselves online and freely give away our most personal data. While this remains true, the relation of our digital exposure to the more violent practices associated with the war on terrorism requires more detailed attention. By starting in 1973, when Foucault delivers his lectures on “The Punitive Society,” the chapter begins to explore what lies beyond the expository society by focusing on how our expository techniques of surveillance relate to our new counterinsurgency warfare paradigm of governing.
Intergranular Crack Growth at High Temperatures

ABSTRACT A model is developed for creep crack growth in which a grain boundary cavity grows by boundary diffusion ahead of a main crack. The cavity can be either cylindrical or crack-like in shape, and growth rates are calculated for both geometries, as well as the conditions under which each is found. Thus surface and grain boundary diffusion are linked in the present model. While both geometries result in a fourth power dependence on the nominal stress intensity (K) for low values of K, this dependence weakens (towards K2) for crack-like cavities at higher K. Experimental evidence is available for both creep cracking and creep fracture which supports the model.
Penalized Pseudo Likelihood

The density estimation of (7.301) is infeasible on high-dimensional \(\mathcal{X}\) due to the prohibitive cost of \(\int \nolimits \nolimits _{\mathcal{X}}{e}^{\eta (x)}\) via multivariate numerical integration.
DD70: Der Betriebsrat gibt dem Boss den Bonus (Juli 2008)

Vom Uberkunden – dem Aufsichtsrat und von den Shareholdern schrieb ich jungst, und war damit gar erschrocklich fur die Leser, die keinen Ausweg mehr sahen. „Stellen Sie die Welt nicht so nackt und nuchtern dar, wenn sie nicht zu andern ist. Dann wollen wir sie gar nicht sehen.“ Sind Sie nicht kreativ genug? Mussen Sie die Losung immer vorgesetzt bekommen? Und wenn ich dann eine vorschlage, wollen Sie die ja auch nicht. Also horen Sie: Die Mitarbeiter zahlen dem Boss einen Bonus, wenn er gut managt.
Identification of Sigma Receptors in Lacrimocytes and their Therapeutic Implication in Dry Eye Syndrome

Bromhexine (BH), an oral mucolytic, has shown potential for treating Sjogren’s Syndrome and particularly Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS). Studies of both oral formulations (Linstow et al., 1990; Avisar, 1988) and ophthalmic drops (0.2% w/v: Rosman, 1974; Thumm, 1978) have been reported. The low aqueous solubility (≈ 0.2% w/v) of BH precludes adequate ophthalmic bioavailability of BH. In this work, we have designed soluble BH derivatives to rapidly penetrate the accessory glands in the conjunctival stroma in order to improve to topical effectiveness. Histologically, the accessory lacrimal glands are identical to the main lacrimal glands (Gillette et al., 1980) making the former a logical therapeutic target. The in vitro and in vivo protein and tear secretion resulting from stimulation of rabbit lacrimal gland is reported here for our BH derivatives.
Tritium NMR studies of the human carbonic anhydrase I-benzenesulfonamide complex.

Tritium NMR spectroscopy has been used to examine the complexformed by [4-3H]benzenesulfon-amide and human carbonicanhydrase I. The results show that in solution the inhibitor forms a 1:1complex with the enzyme. A 100-spin computational model of the system,constructed with reference to crystallographic results, was used tointerpret tritium relaxation behavior and 3H{1H}NOEs. The analysis shows that the rate of dissociation of theenzyme–sulfonamide complex is 0.35 s−1 and thatthe aromatic ring of the inhibitor undergoes rapid rotation while complexed.
Audiologist availability and supply in the United States: A multi-scale spatial and political economic analysis

This study employs statistical modeling and mapping techniques to analyze the availability and accessibility of audiologists (practitioners who diagnose and treat hearing loss) in the United States at the county scale. The goal is to assess the relationships between socio-demographic and structural factors (such as health policy and clinical programs which train audiologists) and audiologist availability. These associations are analyzed at the county level, via a mixed effects hurdle model. At the county level, the proportion of older adults reporting difficulty hearing is negatively associated with audiologist supply. The findings show that audiologists tend to locate in metropolitan counties with higher median household incomes, younger populations, and lower proportions of older adults reporting hearing difficulty, suggesting an inverse care-type relationship between audiologist availability and need for hearing health services. Notably, neither state legislation requiring insurance plan coverage of hearing services for adults or Medicaid coverage of audiology services were significant predictors of audiologist supply at the county level.
Abstract 035: Comparative Effectiveness of Long-term Lifestyle and Pharmacological Interventions for Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: a Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: Lifestyle modification and some pharmacological interventions have been proven effective in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in previous primary prevention trials. However, there is con...
Change Detection for Streaming Data Using Wavelet-Based Least Squares Density–Difference

Here, we present a novel algorithm for detecting changes in a continuous time series stream based on the \({\ell }_{2}\) distance between two distributions. The distributions are non-parametrically modeled using wavelet expansions, inspiring the name of our method: Wavelet-based Least Squares Density–Difference (WLSDD). Using the least squares method, we show that the \({\ell }_{2}\) distance between two wavelet expanded densities results in a closed-form expression of their coefficients. This circumvents the need to evaluate the densities and, instead, allows us to work directly with the differences between the corresponding scaling and wavelet coefficients. The method demonstrated superior change detection performance on both synthetic and real datasets, stationary or nonstationary, in comparison to other competing techniques.
Lead Vest/Apron and Back Pain in Interventional Radiology and Endovascular Surgery: A Scoping Review:

The use of lead vest/aprons in interventional medicine has been identified in self-report surveys as a contributing factor to the development of occupational low back pain. Controlled studies (both...
Review of Temporal Bone Microanatomy : Aqueducts, Canals, Clefts and Nerves.

Temporal bone microanatomy is a common source of consternation for radiologists. Serpentine foramina, branching cranial nerves, and bony canals containing often clinically relevant but often miniscule arterial branches may all cause confusion, even among radiologists familiar with temporal bone imaging. In some cases, the tiniest structures may be occult or poorly visualized, even on thin-slice computed tomography (CT) images. Consequently, such structures are often either ignored or mistaken for pathologic entities. Yet even the smallest temporal bone structures have significant anatomic and pathologic importance. This paper reviews the anatomy and function of the temporal bone aqueducts, canals, clefts, and nerves, as well as the relevant developmental, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes that affect each structure.
The Digests of Pennsylvania

Published case law in Pennsylvania dates from the colonial period. Digests serve as an important research tool to locate cases. This article reviews the history of the publlication of digests from the early nineteenth century to the present. A bibliography is appended.
The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine Guilu Erxian Jiao in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Objective A systematic review was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Guilu Erxian Jiao (GEJ) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Electronic Periodical Services, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify relevant randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials, from the inception of each source to April 20, 2021. Primary outcome included overall efficacy, pain score, and Lequesne index score; secondary outcome included adverse events. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 1.0). The meta-analysis was performed based on a random-effects model due to anticipated clinical heterogeneity. The grading of overall evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021233573). Results Eight studies were included. Compared to controls, GEJ exhibited superior overall efficacy for treating OA (risk ratio (RR) = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.35). Regarding pain score, there was no statistical difference between GEJ and controls (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.27; 95% CI = −0.91 – 1.46). No significant difference was found in Lequesne score between GEJ and controls (MD = −0.25; 95% CI = −0.52 – 0.01). No statistical difference in adverse reactions was observed between GEJ and controls (risk difference (RD) = −0.01; 95% CI = −0.05–0.03). Conclusion Our findings suggest that GEJ may have positive effects on overall efficacy in treating OA. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding pain score, Lequesne score, and knee joint function score.
Image-based rendering

Over the last two decades, image-based rendering has emerged as one of the most exciting applications of computer vision (Kang, Li, Tong et al. 2006; Shum, Chan, and Kang 2007). In image-based rendering, 3D reconstruction techniques from computer vision are combined with computer graphics rendering techniques that use multiple views of a scene to create interactive photo-realistic experiences, such as the Photo Tourism system shown in Figure 13.1a. Commercial versions of such systems include immersive street-level navigation in on-line mapping systems and the creation of 3D Photosynths from large collections of casually acquired photographs.
Hydrogen bonding with adsorbent during storage governs drug dissolution from solid-dispersion granules.

Purpose. To investigate changes in drug dissolution on storage of ternary solid-dispersion granules containing poorly water-soluble drugs.
Mechanical properties of dry and wet cellulosic and acrylic films prepared from aqueous colloidal polymer dispersions used in the coating of solid dosage forms.

The mechanical properties of dry and wet polymeric films prepared from various aqueous polymeric dispersions were evaluated by a puncture test. They were studied with respect to type of polymer dispersion [cellulosic: Aquacoat and Surelease; acrylic: Eudragit NE, L, RS, and RL 30 D], plasticizer type (water-soluble or water-insoluble), drying or curing conditions, method of film preparation (pseudolatex- vs solvent casting) and ratio of Eudragit RS/RL 30 D in mixed Eudragit RS/RL films. Dry and wet mechanical strengths of the polymeric films depended primarily on the types of the colloidal polymer dispersion and the plasticizer. Films prepared from ethylcellulose dispersions resulted in very weak and brittle films when compared to the acrylic films. Pseudolatex-cast ethylcellulose films showed lower puncture strength and elongation values when compared to those of the solvent-cast films. Curing of the pseudolatex-cast ethylcellulose films had minimal effects on their mechanical properties. Eudragit L 30D, an enteric polymer dispersion, resulted in brittle films in the dry state, but in very flexible films in the wet state because of the plasticization effect of water. Wet Eudragit RS 30 D polymer films plasticized with water-insoluble plasticizers were significantly more flexible than the corresponding wet films plasticized with water-soluble plasticizers. The water-soluble plasticizers leached from the films during exposure to the aqueous medium, while the water-insoluble plasticizers were almost completely retained within the wet films. The low permeability of a water-soluble drug, chlorpheniramine maleate, and the weak mechanical properties of Aquacoat films could suggest osmotic driven/rupturing effects as the release mechanisms from Aquacoat-coated dosage forms.
Alexander the Great: Lessons from History's Undefeated General – By Bill Yenne

There are two extremes of the literary spectrum for reviewers: professional literature and popular books. Neither genre should be judged by the standards of the other. Bill Yenne is a well‐publishe...
Resilience and Positive Youth Development: A Relational Developmental Systems Model

Adolescents are not resilient. Resilience is also not a functional feature of the ecology of adolescent development (e.g., as may be represented by the concept of “protective factors”). Rather, resilience is a concept denoting that the relationship between an adolescent and his or her ecology has adaptive significance. That is, the relationship involves a fit between characteristics of an individual youth and features of his or her ecology that reflects either adjustment (change) in the face of altered or new environmental threats, challenges, or “processes,” or constancy or maintenance of appropriate or healthy functioning in the face of environmental variations in the resources needed for appropriate or healthy functioning. As such, the individual–context relationship summarized by the term “resilience” reflects individual well-being at a given point in time, and thriving across the adolescent period, in the face of features within the ecological context that challenge adaptation. In turn, this relationship also implies that, for the ecology or context, there are actions that could maintain or further the quality of its structure (e.g., the family, schools, or community programs for youth development) or its function in the service of supporting healthy adolescent behavior and development (e.g., parenting that reflects warmth and appropriate monitoring; low student–teacher ratios involving engaged students and high quality institutions; and access to competent, caring, and committed mentors in out-of-school-time [OST] youth development programs, respectively).
Question-order Effects in the Domains of Language and Marriage

The effect of question-order on respondents’ choices is well-studied and well established, but these effects are not always present and are sometimes contradictory. The question of whether prior involvement in an issue alters the question-order effect also exists. We examined the effect of question-order, or context, on the stated values of participants by exploiting the saliency effect through the use of framing questions. Although our results showed some influence of question order, we encountered a ceiling effect. Our ceiling may have been caused by the same factor observed by Rimal and Real (2005): high-involvement mitigates question-order effect. Nevertheless, for those interested in educational campaigns, studying how context influences an individual’s values and preferences is a subject worthy of further pursuit.
Computations of Flow Structure and Heat Transfer in a Dimpled Channel at Low to Moderate Reynolds Number

Time-accurate calculations are used to investigate the three-dimensional flow structure and understand its influence on the heat transfer in a channel with concave indentations on one wall. A dimple depth to channel height ratio of 0.4 and dimple depth to imprint diameter ratio of 0.2 is used in the calculations. The Reynolds number (based on channel height) varies from Re = 280 in the laminar regime to Re = 2000 in the early turbulent regime. Fully developed flow and heat transfer conditions were assumed and a constant heat flux boundary condition was applied to the walls of the channel. In the laminar regime, the flow and heat transfer characteristics are dominated by the recirculation zones in the dimple with resulting augmentation ratios below unity. Flow transition is found to occur between Re = 1020 and 1130 after which both heat transfer and friction augmentation increase to values of 3.22 and 2.75, respectively, at Re = 2000. The presence of large scale vortical structures ejected from the dimple cavity dominate all aspects of the flow and heat transfer, not only on the dimpled surface but also on the smooth wall. In all cases the thermal efficiency using dimples was found to be significantly larger than other heat transfer augmentation techniques currently employed.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A Multilingual Monologue. Alexander Lenard's Self-Translated Autobiography in Three Languages

The paper investigates the question of self-translation in the work of Alexander Lenard (Lenard Sandor). Lenard, a polyglot writer and translator, rewrote his autobiography three times, in three different languages (in German, English, and Hungarian). This process of self-translation created a fascinating web of autobiographical texts, which invite a multiscopic reading. Following in the footsteps of 18 th century parodists, Lenard challenges a great number of protocols associated with life-writing. The most important among these is the authority of the proper name as a guarantee of autobiographical authenticity. To challenge the authority of the proper name Lenard purposely multiplies his own authorial identities, for example by claiming that “A. L. is only a pseudonym.” Thus, the word ‘self-plagiarism’ acquires in Lenard’s case a double meaning, implying both that the author plagiarizes his own text and that he plagiarizes his own self. The paper explains why existing theories of self-translation cannot be applied to Lenard’s texts, and why his unique case can enrich future studies of this topic.