cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Near Neighbor Peak Shape Considerations in EXAFS Analysis

The extended X-ray absorption fine structure, or EXAFS, has become recognized as a reliable source of information about the atomic scale structure of complex molecules, liquids, and solids. Under the proper circumstances, one can determine not only the position but also the type and number of the nearest neighbors of the excited atom. Analysis of EXAFS data is complicated, however, by our inability to extract the low k components of the structural information. Determining the proper shape for the nearest neighbor peak in the pair correlation function becomes an essential, and frequently non-trivial, aspect of the analysis. Its neglect can lead to errors in determining the coordination number and, to a lesser extent, the mean nearest neighbor distance, as has been pointed out by Eisenberger and Brown.1 On the other hand, using data on a superionic conductor, we demonstrate that EXAFS data of sufficient range and quality will enable a determination of the proper peak shape and, therefore, of the desired structural information. The incorporation of peak shape considerations into EXAFS analysis is discussed in general terms.
Nitric Oxide Regulation of Membrane and Lipoprotein Oxidation in the Vasculature

Nitric oxide (·NO, nitrogen monoxide) exerts potent actions in the regulation of cell function and tissue viability that extend far beyond the recognized ability of ·NO to mediate signal transduction via activation of guanylate cyclase. Chemical reactions, cell culture systems, animal models and clinical studies have all revealed an ability of ·NO to modulate oxygen radical reactions and pathologic processes associated with inflammation. The focus of this article is to reveal the reactions of ·NO with reactive oxygen species and lipid radicals (LO· and LOO·) formed during membrane and lipoprotein oxidation. The products of these reactions, LONO/LNO2 and LOONO/LONO2 adducts, are potentially reactive and can serve as mediators of inflammation and tissue injury. Because of the high reactivity of ·NO with lipophilic radicals and the interactions that ·NO can have with lipophilic antioxidants, the reactions of ·NO with membrane and lipoprotein oxidant defense mechanisms will be explored as well.
Restructuring activity and place: augmented reality games on handhelds

Human activities are constrained by interconnected and overlapping factors of: biological abilities, time, space, and social narratives. I focus on how the interplay between two of these factors, space and narratives, can be mediated with cultural tools of locative technologies such as Augmented Reality games and GPS units. In order to understand how place-based pedagogies affect learning and how locative technologies, like Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Augmented Reality Games on Handhelds (ARGHs), help connect learners to cultures of place I examine experiences with place-based video games in a deep woods camping environment. Drawing together research in sociocultural learning, design, embodiment, environmental education, experiential education, human geography, and video games, this paper demonstrates how ARGHs can restructure a learning activity to (1) better connect learners to place, (2) increase and mediate their physical activity and social interactions, and (3) help enculturate them into a community of practice.
The Care and Management of Rheumatologic Disease in Pregnancy

Rheumatologic diseases include inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, or vasculitis, which can complicate pregnancies. These autoimmune conditions may behave differently during pregnancy, such that RA commonly improves while SLE may flare. Active maternal disease is an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes; thus, control of inflammation is imperative to ensure a successful pregnancy. This control may need to be achieved or maintained with immunosuppressive therapy. There is only uncertain safety data for certain immunosuppressive medications (e.g., biologic agents), while others are clearly with teratogenic risk (e.g., methotrexate, leflunomide, cyclophosphamide). Increasing comfort with medications deemed relatively safe during pregnancy (e.g., azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, prednisone) may facilitate their use in appropriate situations and afford the necessary control of inflammatory disease. Preconception counseling is essential for every female with childbearing potential who has inflammatory conditions. Multidisciplinary management of the pregnant patient with autoimmune disease is always ideal for their care.
Slices: Functions for abstract real analysis

Let F be a real closed field and let Open image in new window . If Open image in new window in an open constructible set, an abstract function on V is a section of the natural projection π : Open image in new window over V. In this paper we undertake a study of abstract functions in general, extending the notions of boundedness and compatibility from the work of N. Schwartz, H. Delfs, and others. We then introduce of a nice a class of abstract functions, called slices, whose values are determined by semialgebraic approximations. Familiar transcendental functions provide examples over R. We give criteria for extending Open image in new window -valued functions on Fn to slices for arbitrary F. This paper is in its final form and no similar paper has been submitted elsewhere.
Johann Melchior Goeze’s Polemic against the Theatre

In Rettung des Cardanus, Lessing rejects the notion that argument for truth must be free of rhetorical elements and argues instead for the necessity of ornament. He shuns Cardano’s objective approach and replaces this with a confrontational style, in which truth is put to a polemical test. Lessing takes up the issue of rhetoric again in the Anti-Goeze (1778). The essay on Cardano reflects Lessing’s early writings and the Goeze debate is the last important polemic of Lessing’s life. Yet both share common concerns. The Goeze debate, like the Cardano essay, contains important statements on rhetoric and the function of rhetoric in a theological argument — an argument leading to truth and knowledge. But the discussion on literary style that develops in the Anti-Goeze does not appear out of nowhere. It is foreshadowed by Goeze’s fight against Johan Ludwig Schlosser (1768) on the morality of the theatre. The Goeze-Schlosser debate supplies the context which reflects 18th century thinking and praxis in the realms of theater and rhetoric and are the focus of the Anti-Goeze.
Influence of Occupational Socialization on the Perspectives and Practices of Internationally Born Sport Pedagogy Faculty Members Working in American Universities.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the influences of occupational socialization on 11 sport pedagogy internationally born faculty members’ (IFMs) perspectives and practices regarding physical education teaching and physical education teacher education (PETE). Method: Data sources were formal and informal interviews and documents illustrating the IFMs’ practices. They were analyzed using constant comparison and analytic induction. Findings and Conclusions: All of the IFMs’ possessed progressive teaching orientations and were committed to carrying out high-level PETE. There were few differences between the current perspectives and practices of IFMs who originated from different regions of the world. The acculturation, professional socialization, and organizational socialization of a significant proportion of IFMs had been positive and led to them possessing strong traditional teaching orientations early in their careers. IFMs’ secondary professional socialization generally played a crucial rol...
Fueling the fire: Examining identity centrality, affective interpersonal commitment and gender as drivers of entrepreneurial passion

Abstract Research on passion is burgeoning in the entrepreneurial literature, yet we still know little about what factors drive entrepreneurial passion. Recognizing the socially embedded nature of entrepreneurship, we examine identity-related social forces that may fuel the fire of entrepreneurial passion. Employing a lagged design that controls for known antecedents, we find different pathways driving harmonious versus obsessive entrepreneurial passion. We find that harmonious entrepreneurial passion is fueled by entrepreneurial identity centrality whereas obsessive entrepreneurial passion is fueled by affective interpersonal commitment. Interestingly, gender moderates both these relationships.
Cannot Extract the Circular Stapler

Circular staplers can be difficult to remove after creating an anastomosis. This chapter reviews some of the techniques to use with an EEA stapler gets caught in the tissues.
Heavy Fermion Systems: Fermi Liquid Aspects and Model Calculations

The exotic “heavy fermion” systems (HFS) with enormous effective masses, m*/m ~ 0(102) have recently generated a great deal of interest in the condensed matter and many-body community. These f-electron systems are1 superconducting (s.c.), magnetic, or non-superconducting and non-magnetic (Table 1). Below T ~ 0(10K), they exhibit large linear coefficient, γ (cv = γ T), and enhancement in magnetic susceptibility, X, suggestive of strongly interacting Fermi liquids with large many-body renormalizations. Though the nature of superconductivity (for the superconductors) is still an outstanding question, there have been suggestions1–4 that these may be the first triplet metallic superconductors in nature.
STEM Hip-hop Pedagogy: A Meta-synthesis on Hip-hop Pedagogy STEM Interventions Tools for Underrepresented Minorities in K-12 Education

Hip-hop pedagogy is the use of hip-hop artifacts and culture as resources to a curriculum or instruction. Applying hip-hop pedagogy to academic interventions has been suggested to effectively increase the value and connection to course content as well as the ability to re-envision content into ones that reflect underrepresented students of color's lived experiences. As there is a gap in African American and non-White Latino American performance in STEM compared to their White and Asian American counterparts, and a high demand in prospective STEM occupations (namely computer and information technology), hip-hop pedagogy can be leveraged to improve STEM identity to successively improve STEM performance. This paper represents the first stage of a case study to analyze and validate hip-hop pedagogical tools for computing and STEM instruction and outreach. This paper describes a qualitative meta-synthesis of hip-hop pedagogy and associated STEM outreach programs. Findings on hip-hop pedagogy in computing and STEM outreach interventions are discussed to aid in supporting and creating future hip-hop pedagogical interventions.
Policy perspective:Building political support for carbon pricing—Lessons from cap-and-trade policies

Abstract How can governments build political support for carbon pricing? This question has challenged policy designers since the earliest programs imposing new prices on pollution, and remains a vital question today. This perspective offers insights on strategies for building greater political support for carbon pricing, based on previous experiences with long-running “auction and invest” programs in the U.S. and abroad, including the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), California's carbon pricing system, and the EU emissions trading system (ETS). Three key insights can be derived from those experiences. First: cap and trade with an auction of allowances is an important option for carbon pricing with distinctive advantages. Second, it is important to generate tangible public benefits from a carbon price that are distributed among citizens in a way that is broadly perceived as fair and addresses potential concerns about higher consumer costs for energy. Third, the most effective form of those public benefits should vary predictably across a few clearly defined categories according to local circumstances.
Crafting an Evidence-Based, Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education-Compliant Lactation Policy for Residents and Fellows.

Background: New Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements mandate lactation accommodations for resident physicians and fellows. However, to date, few training program...
Hypertensive coronary microvascular dysfunction: a subclinical marker of end organ damage and heart failure.

AIMS Hypertension is a well-established heart failure (HF) risk factor, especially in the context of adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling. We aimed to use myocardial flow reserve (MFR) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), markers of subclinical microvascular and myocardial dysfunction, to refine hypertensive HF risk assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive patients undergoing symptom-prompted stress cardiac positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiogram within 90 days without reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%) or flow-limiting coronary artery disease (summed stress score ≥ 3) were included. Global MFR was quantified by PET, and echocardiograms were retrospectively analysed for cardiac structure and function. Patients were followed over a median 8.75 (Q1-3 4.56-10.04) years for HF hospitalization and a composite of death, HF hospitalization, MI, or stroke. Of 194 patients, 155 had adaptive LV remodelling while 39 had maladaptive remodelling, which was associated with lower MFR and impaired GLS. Across the remodelling spectrum, diastolic parameters, GLS, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were independently associated with MFR. Maladaptive LV remodelling was associated with increased adjusted incidence of HF hospitalization and death. Importantly, the combination of abnormal MFR and GLS was associated with a higher rate of HF hospitalization compared to normal MFR and GLS [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-9.45, P = 0.034), including in the adaptive remodelling subset (adjusted HR 3.93, 95% CI 1.14-13.56, P = 0.030). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated important associations between coronary microvascular dysfunction and myocardial mechanics that refine disease characterization and HF risk assessment of patients with hypertension based on subclinical target organ injury.
Understanding the Surface Reactivity of Ligand-Protected Metal Nanoparticles for Biomass Upgrading

Ligand-protected metal nanoparticles are widely used in heterogeneous catalysis and biomass upgrading. Thiolate surfactants can greatly improve the overall yield; however, the dynamics of the react...
Support-Constrained Mixed-Norm Optimization Techniques for Estimating Multipath Activity in Shallow Water Acoustic Channels

In this article, we propose channel estimation techniques for shallow water acoustic channels that exhibit rapidly fluctuating high-amplitude multipath activity across different regions of the channel support. Specifically, we impose support constraints on the channel impulse response that confine tracking the shallow water acoustic channel to within the most active regions within the channel delay spread. The key idea is to focus on channel estimation performance through the banded nature of the multipath arrivals in the delay versus time channel that we denote as subregions of the channel delay spread. Because we are examining sparse shallow water acoustic channels, we adopt the well-known Lasso metric and related mixed-norm optimization techniques, but in contrast to traditional sparse sensing approaches, we use masked constraints to prioritize the estimation of regions of interest within the channel delay spread. This provides a tradeoff between computational time and estimation performance that we explore in detail over experimental field data from the SPACE08 experiment and over simulated channels emulating diverse oceanic conditions.
Testing for central symmetry and symmetry about an axis

Out of the many different types of symmetries of a continuous bivariate joint probability density function, focus here is on the central symmetry and symmetry about an axis. Tests for both types of...
Differential Cytokine Signatures of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Infection Highlight Key Differences in Pathobiology.

BACKGROUND: Several inflammatory cytokines are upregulated in severe COVID-19. We compared cytokines in COVID-19 versus influenza in order to define differentiating features of the inflammatory response to these pathogens and their association with severe disease. Because elevated body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for severe COVID-19, we examined the relationship of BMI to cytokines associated with severe disease. METHODS: Thirty-seven cytokines and chemokines were measured in plasma from 135 patients with COVID-19, 57 patients with influenza, and 30 healthy controls. Controlling for BMI, age, and sex, differences in cytokines between groups were determined by linear regression and random forest prediction was utilized to determine the cytokines most important in distinguishing severe COVID-19 and influenza. Mediation analysis was utilized to identify cytokines that mediate the effect of BMI and age on disease severity. RESULTS: IL-18, IL-1s, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly increased in COVID-19 versus influenza patients while GM-CSF, IFN-I³, IFN-λ1, IL-10, IL-15, and MCP-2 were significantly elevated in the influenza group. In subgroup analysis based on disease severity, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α were elevated in severe COVID-19, but not severe influenza. Random forest analysis identified high IL-6 and low IFN-λ1 levels as the most distinct between severe COVID-19 and severe influenza. Finally, IL-1RA was identified as a potential mediator of the effects of BMI on COVID-19 severity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to activation of fundamentally different innate immune pathways in SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection, and emphasize drivers of severe COVID-19 to focus both mechanistic and therapeutic investigations.
Manifestations of Faith in Southern Literature

The word “south” in American southern literature is often excluded into a common definition and heavily stigmatized. Many writers suggest that it is time to remove the imaginary borders and stigmas encompassing the South, such as those attached to slavery, the civil war, and religious devotion. One such border is the generalization that it is possessed by a singular faith, namely a protestant centered faith. This stagnant faith hanging over the South is conflicted by the variety of faith found in contemporary southern fictional literature. This research elaborates on the definition of the South by introducing a new perspective of faith presented in American southern fiction. Particularly, this research analyzes how three short stories represent multiple versions of faith through the narration, character actions, and literary language used. The representations of faith outlined in this essay include faith in physical works, in the inherent goodness of humanity, and in personal redemption.
Approximation Algorithms for Large Scale Data Analysis

One of the greatest successes of computational complexity theory is the classification of countless fundamental computational problems into polynomial-time and NP-hard ones, two classes that are often referred to as tractable and intractable, respectively. However, this crude distinction of algorithmic efficiency is clearly insufficient when handling today's large scale of data. We need a finer-grained design and analysis of algorithms that pinpoints the exact exponent of polynomial running time, and a better understanding of when a speed-up is not possible. Based on stronger complexity assumptions than P vs NP, like the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis, recently conditional lower bounds for a variety of fundamental problems in P have been proposed. Unfortunately, these conditional lower bounds often break down when one may settle for a near-optimal solution. Indeed, approximation algorithms can play a significant role when designing fast algorithms not just for traditional NP Hard problems, but also for polynomial time problems. For some applications arising in machine learning, the time complexity of the underlying algorithms is not sufficient to ensure a fast solution. It is often needed to collect side information about the data to ensure high accuracy. This requires low query complexity. In this presentation, we will cover new facets of fast algorithm design for large scale data analysis that emphasizes on the role of developing approximation algorithms for better polynomial time/query complexity.
Opioid use disorder in pregnancy: leveraging provider perceptions to inform comprehensive treatment.

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are recommended with adjuvant behavioral therapies, counseling, and other services for comprehensive treatment of maternal opioid use disorder. Inadequate access to treatment, lack of prescribing providers and complex delivery models are among known barriers to care. Multi-disciplinary provider input can be leveraged to comprehend factors that facilitate or inhibit treatment. The objective of this study is to explore provider perceptions of MOUD and factors critical to comprehensive treatment delivery to improve the care of pregnant women with opioid use disorder. A qualitative research approach was used to gather data from individual provider and group semi-structured interviews. Providers (n = 12) responded to questions in several domains related to perceptions of MOUD, treatment delivery, access to resources, and challenges/barriers. Data were collected, transcribed, coded (by consensus) and emerging themes were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Emerging themes revealed persistent gaps in treatment and challenges in provider, health systems and patient factors. Providers perceived MOUD to be a “lifeline” to women. Inconsistencies in treatment provision, access and uptake can be improved by leveraging provider perceptions, direct experiences and recommendations for an integrated team-based, patient-centered approach to guide the care of pregnant women with opioid use disorder.
Can Explanations Be Useful for Calibrating Black Box Models

One often wants to take an existing, trained NLP model and use it on data from a new domain. While fine-tuning or few-shot learning can be used to adapt the base model, there is no one simple recipe to getting these working; moreover, one may not have access to the original model weights if it is deployed as a black box. To this end, we study how to improve a black box model's performance on a new domain given examples from the new domain by leveraging explanations of the model's behavior. Our approach first extracts a set of features combining human intuition about the task with model attributions generated by black box interpretation techniques, and then uses a simple model to calibrate or rerank the model's predictions based on the features. We experiment with our method on two tasks, extractive question answering and natural language inference, covering adaptation from several pairs of domains. The experimental results across all the domain pairs show that explanations are useful for calibrating these models. We show that the calibration features transfer to some extent between tasks and shed light on how to effectively use them.
Advanced Geodynamics: The Fourier Transform Method

David Sandwell developed this advanced textbook over a period of nearly 30 years for his graduate course at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The book augments the classic textbook Geodynamics by Don Turcotte and Jerry Schubert, presenting more complex and foundational mathematical methods and approaches to geodynamics. The main new tool developed in the book is the multi-dimensional Fourier transform for solving linear partial differential equations. The book comprises nineteen chapters, including: the latest global data sets; quantitative plate tectonics; plate driving forces associated with lithospheric heat transfer and subduction; the physics of the earthquake cycle; postglacial rebound; and six chapters on gravity field development and interpretation. Each chapter has a set of student exercises that make use of the higher-level mathematical and numerical methods developed in the book. Solutions to the exercises are available online for course instructors, on request.
Experience with high-output-resistance MJTC AC-DC transfer standards

Heater-thermopile isolation of planar, thin film, multijunction thermal converter decreases with frequency. This causes an interaction with the measurement circuit, resulting in increased error of measurement of its AC-DC transfer difference. The paper discusses the sources of this error and methods of its reduction, illustrated by results of experiments.
Translation Attenuation Mechanism in Unfolded Protein Response

Endoplasmic Reticulum is a cellular organelle where membrane and extracellular proteins are folded with the help of chaperons. Insulin is one example of such extracellular proteins. Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a cell response to an increased level of unfolded proteins in ER. In pancreatic β-cells failure in UPR leads to accumulation of unfolded insulin in Endoplasmic reticulum and eventual cell death. This is thought to be one of the causes of type two diabetes.
SNS-595, a novel S-phase active cytotoxic, exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo activities, and has the potential for treating advanced hematologic malignancies

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4726 SNS-595 is a novel naphthyridine analog that acts specifically during the S-phase to induce rapid apoptosis of cells that are actively synthesizing DNA, resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. SNS-595 is being developed for the treatment of both solid and hematologic malignancies. Current treatment of relapsed or refractory acute leukemias and advanced chronic myelogenous leukemia remains suboptimal. In patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), failure to achieve a complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy or relapse occurring within the first year after diagnosis is associated with a poor prognosis. In patients with accelerated or blast-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) the response rates to intensive chemotherapy regimens are less than 30%, and in responding patients the median remission duration averages 4 to 6 months. SNS-595 has potent anti-proliferative effects on human leukemic cell lines in vitro. IC50 values, determined by MTT assay in four human promyelocytic, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines, range from 40 to 170 nM. Intravenous administration of SNS-595 to nu/nu mice with LM-3 Jck hematologic xenograft tumors resulted in 97 to 99% tumor growth inhibition. All mice treated with SNS-595 had significant reductions in tumor volume, with a complete response rate of 67%. Similarly, SNS-595 also showed 98% tumor growth inhibition in mice bearing CCRF-CEM xenograft tumors. The effect of IV administered SNS-595 on bone-marrow cellularity and circulating levels of leukocytes in CD-1 mice was measured after drug administration on days 0 and 4. Two days after the second administration of SNS-595, bone marrow isolated from femurs showed a dose-dependent reduction in cellularity. At 20 mg/kg, cellularity was reduced to 7.5%, while circulating neutrophils were reduced from a pre-dose level of 1244 ±55 cells/μL to a nadir of 51 ±24 cells/μL blood on day 8. Absolute neutrophil counts subsequently rebounded and soon returned to normal levels. Total WBCs also reached a nadir on day 8, but returned to normal levels. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo data show that SNS-595 has potent anti-proliferative activity on human leukemic cell lines, inhibits tumor growth in hematologic xenografts, and reversibly ablates murine bone marrow cells. These data suggest that SNS-595 has the potential to demonstrate important clinical activity in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Changes in thermospheric temperature induced by high-speed solar wind streams

[1] During high-speed stream (HSS) events the solar wind speed increases, and the cross polar cap potential increases, leading to increased Joule heating at high latitudes. The heat input at high latitudes heats the polar regions, which then conducts to lower latitudes, producing global heating. The heating occurs during the risetime of the cross polar cap potential and throughout the period of high cross polar cap potential as seen in our simulation. These simulations are performed using the Utah State University global thermosphere model driven by Joule heating rates that are consistent with electric fields observed by DMSP-15 observations of HSS events. Cooling occurs as the cross polar cap potential decreases and continues for several days after the cross polar cap potential has returned to background values. Polar cap ionospheric observations are compared to model simulations of heating and cooling, providing evidence that the thermospheric model is capturing the HSS energy input and the post-HSS multiday return to pre-HSS conditions. The HSS heating can be as high as 100 K (as seen from both the model and the data) at high latitudes, with a corresponding, but lower, global increase in thermospheric temperature.
The Hierarchical Factor Structure of the WISC-R for Learning Disabled Children

A Wherry and Wherry (1969) hierarchical factor solution was performed on the 12 WISC-R subtest intercorrelations for a sample of 85 learning disabled children. A hierarchical ability structure similar to, though not congruent with, Vernon's (1950) paradigm was obtained. The hierarchy included a general (g) factor and three subgeneral factors consisting of an intact spatial-perceptual-mechanical (k:m) factor, a verbal comprehension factor, and a freedom-from-distractibility factor. The factor structure of learning disabled children was somewhat more fractionated and complex than that for normals, but not as complex as the structure of reading disabled children. This suggests that the more severe a learning disability, the greater the difference between the hierarchical factor structure for that group and the factor structure of normals.
The role of a critical ethnomathematics curriculum in transforming and empowering learners

When thinking about mathematics, seldom does one think about culture, context, history, or diversity. Many teachers believe that there is no place for such constructs in their mathematics classrooms. As an ethnomathematician, my primary goal is to find meaningful ways to bring components of ethnomathematics into the mainstream mathematics curriculum and classrooms. In this paper, I describe key aspects of a mathematics curriculum that was designed to promote meaningful connections between ethnomathematics theory and practice and highlight how this curriculum might help address the key tenets of a critical ethnomathematics curriculum.
Autoantibodies against p53 are associated with chromosome 17p deletions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Autoantibodies against p53 have been observed in many cancers, often linked with abnormalities in the TP53 gene. Since p53 mutations and deletions at chromosome 17p are known to occur in CLL, we measured anti-p53 autoantibodies by ELISA in plasma samples from patients with normal cytogenetics as well as those with 13q, 11q, and 17p deletions as well as trisomy 12. Anti-p53 autoantibodies were detected in over half of the patients with a 17p deletion but in very few of the others. There was no correlation between the levels of anti-p53 antibodies and the percentage of cells with 17p abnormalities. The levels of the anti-p53 autoantibodies remained stable for most patients with serial samples. Increased levels of antibodies that bound to two peptide fragments of p53 were also seen in patients with 17p deletions. At least on case with high levels of anti-p53 autoantibodies had a heterozygotic mutation known to result in a dominant negative phenotype, suggesting that aberrant expression of p53 may contribute to the development of autoantibodies and suggests that these autoantibodies may reflect biological features relevant to prognosis.
6G-6 Local Nonlinear Arterial Elastic Modulus Reconstruction From In Vivo Strain Imaging and PWV

An optimized elastic modulus reconstruction procedure from ultrasound strain and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements was validated using a commercial ultrasound scanner. Longitudinal and transverse scans were performed on a vessel phantom connected to a pulsatile pump. Time delay between the ultrasound beams at each side of the transducer determines PWV and transverse elasticity imaging estimates intramural strain. Elastic modulus was reconstructed combining these two independent measurements. The reconstructed modulus compared well to direct mechanical measurements within 10 % error. To assess clinical feasibility, an in vivo free-hand ultrasound scanning procedure was performed on a local vein graft at anastomosis of a recruited subject under IRB approval. Transverse and longitudinal scanning was performed on the vein side of the anastomosis while compressing to a pressure equaling diastolic pressure. By equalizing the internal arterial baseline pressure in this way, significant strains were achieved. Elastic moduli with and without compression were fit to a pure exponential function describing the nonlinear elasticity of the arterial wall. With only two measurement points at different intraluminal pressures, the vein elastic property was fully characterized demonstrating the feasibility of determining the un-distended elastic modulus in vivo
Detection of peptides by precolumn derivatization with biuret reagent and preconcentration on capillary liquid chromatography columns with electrochemical detection.

The separation and detection of biuret complexes of neuropeptides by capillary liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was explored. Capillaries of 25-μm inner diameter packed with base-resistant, polymer-based reversed-phase particles were used for separation, and C-fiber electrodes were used for detection. Detection at the C-fiber electrode was found to have some differences in relative sensitivity for peptides compared to glassy carbon electrodes used previously. On-column preconcentration of preformed complexes allowed up to 1-μL samples to be injected with minimal band broadening resulting in a 100-fold improvement in concentration detection limit with no effect on mass detection limit. Concentration detection limits ranged from 5 to 59 pM, depending upon the peptide, corresponding to 5−59 amol injected. The low concentration detection limit was possible because of minimal baseline disturbances, minimal formation of unwanted products, and high efficiency of complex formation associated w...
Mathematical model for the biodegradation of VOCs in trickle bed biofilters

The objective of this work is to develop a fundamental mathematical model that describes the biodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas phase trickle-bed biofilters, and to estimate the unknown model parameters. The mathematical model considers a three-phase system (biofilm, water, and gas phase), non-uniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. Two pilot-scale trickle-bed biofilters were operated to remove the VOC diethyl ether from a waste gas stream. Experimental results from this system were used to estimate the unknown parameters of the steady-state model: the maximum rate of substrate utilization μ m X f / Y , the Monod constant, K s , and the ether biofilm/water diffusivity ratio, r d . While the value of μ m X f / Y was uniquely determined, the values of K s and r d were highly correlated. High values of the Monod constant and the ether diffusivity in the biofilm gave similar predictions to those corresponding to low values of both parameters. Batch studies were used to estimate the value of K s without mass transfer limitations showing that K s < 1 mg/L=2.6 mg COD/L. Using this information and biofilter operating data the true values of K s and r d were determined.
Nonstationary Envelope Process and First Excursion Probability

The definition of stationary random envelope proposed by Cramer and Leadbetter, is extended to the envelope of nonstationary random process possessing evolutionary power spectral densities. The density function, the joint density function, the moment function, and the crossing rate of a level of the nonstationary envelope process are derived. Based on the envelope statistics, approximate solutions to the first excursion probability of nonstationary random processes are obtained. In particular, applications of the first excursion probability to the earthquake engineering problems are demonstrated in detail.
Effects of Dietary Aluminum on Growth and Composition of Young Atlantic Salmon

Abstract A 16-week feeding experiment was conducted to measure the effects of supplemental dietary aluminum (0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 mg/kg diet) on growth, survival, feed conversion, and proximate composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), mean weight 4.8 g. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth, survival, or feed conversion were found among fish fed the different levels of aluminum. Body fat increased significantly in fish fed aluminum at the rate of 2,000 mg/kg of diet. Total ash was significantly lower in fish fed 1,000–2,000 mg aluminum/kg of diet than in those fed smaller amounts. Differences in concentration of individually measured minerals (aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, and magnesium) were not significant in either carcass or vertebrae of experimental fish. Supplemental dietary aluminum (up to 2,000 mg/ kg of diet) had no measurable beneficial or obvious adverse effect on fingerling Atlantic salmon.
Diversion colitis: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases.

Abstract Inflammation occurring in a defunctionalized portion of bowel, following either ileostomy or colostomy, has long been recognized by endoscopists. However, little has been written about this entity, particularly the histopathologic changes. Glotzer et al in 1981 described 10 cases, and coined the term “diversion colitis”. We studied 21 patients without previous history of inflammatory bowel disease who, for reasons including perforated diverticulitis, carcinoma, or trauma, had loop colostomies or Hartmann's procedure performed. Many of these patients became symptomatic with complaints related to the defunctionalized bowel, including rectal discomfort, pain, discharge, and bleeding. Nineteen patients had endoscopic examinations, which revealed a variety of findings including mucous plugs, friability, petechia, erythema, ulcers, exudate, and nodules or polyps. All except one case had tissue from the excluded portions of bowel available for pathologic examination. Most displayed nonspecific changes with mild-to-moderate lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in the lamina propria, mild architectural alterations of the crypts, and slight decrease in crypt numbers. Ulceration, cryptitis, and crypt abscesses simulating ulcerative colitis were uncommon findings and were observed almost exclusively in more severe cases. Granulomas were observed in two cases, raising the possibility of Crohn's disease.
Observations of columnal recombination in the ionization tracks of energetic heavy nuclei in an argon-methane gas mixture.

Measurements of ionization signals resulting from the passage of energetic heavy nuclei through a gas mixture consisting of 95 mol percent Ar plus 5 mol percent CH4, at an absolute pressure of 3 atm are presented. The measurements take place under a uniform electric field perpendicular to the ionization track. The signals were compared to the calculated energy losses, with an assumption of proportionality between energy loss rate and ionization rate. Significant deviations from proportionality are found for energy loss rate grater than about 3000 MeV sq cm/g, while fractional deviations are found to be proportional to the energy loss rate (dE/dx) exp m, where m is equal to about two. These results are attributed to the columnal recombination.
Conversion of Protein Phosphatase 1 Catalytic Subunit to a Mn2+-Dependent Enzyme Impairs Its Regulation by Inhibitor 1†

The phosphorylase phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalytic subunit from freshly purified rabbit skeletal muscle was inhibited by MnCl2. Prolonged storage or inhibition by nonspecific phosphatase inhibitors ATP, sodium pyrophosphate, and NaF converted the muscle PP1 to a form that required Mn2+ for enzyme activity. Recombinant PP1 catalytic subunit expressed in Escherichia coli was also a Mn2+-dependent enzyme. While native PP1 was inhibited by the phosphoprotein inhibitor I (I-1), with an IC50 of 1 nM, 40-50-fold higher concentrations of I-1 were required to inhibit the Mn2+-dependent PP1 enzymes. Conversion to the Mn2+-dependent state was accompanied by a 20-fold increase in PP1's ability to dephosphorylate and inactivate I-1. Inhibition by thiophosphorylated I-1 established that dephosphorylation does not play a significant role in I-1's reduced potency as an inhibitor of Mn2+-dependent PP1. The Mn2+-dependent PP1 enzymes were poorly inhibited by N-terminal phosphopeptides of I-1, indicating their impaired interaction with the I-1 functional domain. Mutation of a residue conserved in I-1 and DARPP-32, a structurally related PP1 inhibitor, preferentially attenuated I-1's activity as an inhibitor of Mn2+-dependent PP1. These data showed that, in addition to changes in its catalytic properties, Mn2+-dependent PP1 was modified in its interaction with I-1 at a site that was distinct from its catalytic domain. Our studies suggest that conversion to a Mn2+-dependent state alters multiple structural elements in PP1 catalytic subunit that together define its regulation by I-1.
Anxiolytic Use in the Postoperative Care Unit

Postoperative anxiety has received less attention historically than preoperative anxiety. Recognition that anxiety occurs throughout the perioperative period has led to increased interest in identifying and treating anxiety in the postoperative period. This article outlines the causes of postoperative anxiety, how it is classified, the effects of anxiety on outcomes after surgery, and some of the clinical procedures that produce the highest levels of anxiety for patients. In addition, an attempt is made to delineate the major risk factors for developing postoperative anxiety and the classic therapeutic modalities used to reduce symptoms and treat the psychological manifestations of anxiety.
Nonspecific local immune inhibition of herpes simplex virus keratitis

Rabbit corneas, which had recovered from initial sensitization to bovine serum albumin were found to possess immune memory capable of responding to a totally different antigenic stimulus, i.e., viable herpes simplex virus. Two months after BSA sensitization these corneas were found to be extremely resistant to primary infection by the virus. The long term residence of mononuclear leukocytes in the cornea, following BSA sensitization, is apparently responsible for this non-specific immune phenomenon.
A Proposed Scheme for Measuring and Categorizing the Total Ionizing Radiation Dose Response of MOS Devices

A scheme is proposed for categorizing the longterm total ionizing radiation dose responses of MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) devices based on the relative magnitudes of hole trapping and interface-state buildup in the gate oxide layer. Also presented is a procedure for determining the response categories of test devices through standard radiation response measurements.
Nicardipine HCL: clinical experience in patients undergoing anaesthesia for intracranial aneurysm clipping

Previous studies have reported haemodynamic interactions between dihydropyridine calcium antagonists and general anaesthesia. During anaesthesia for intracranial aneurysm surgery, we prospectively compared haemodynamic values obtained from 13 patients being treated with nicardipine HCl (0.15 mg.kg-1.hr-1 IV) for cerebral vasospasm against values obtained from 11 untreated controls. Prior to induction of anaesthesia, nicardipine-treated patients had significantly elevated mean +/- SD cardiac index (5.67 +/- 1.30 vs 3.99 +/- 0.73 L.min-1.m-2) while MAP (86 +/- 10 vs 99 +/- 14 mmHg) and systemic vascular resistance (647 +/- 227 vs 1141 +/- 404 dynes.sec-1.cm-5) were reduced. Heart rate, CVP, and PACWP were similar between groups. Anaesthesia induction and tracheal intubation resulted in similar haemodynamic values between groups with the exception of CVP (10 +/- 5 vs 5 +/- 2 mmHg) and PACWP (15 +/- 5 vs 8 +/- 3 mmHg) which were elevated in the nicardipine group (P less than 0.01). Mannitol infusion and deliberate hypotension resulted in nearly identical haemodynamic responses in both groups. Nicardipine-treated patients required more intravenous fluids during the operative procedure (2.4 +/- 0.3 L vs 1.5 +/- 0.4 L, P less than 0.05) and were less likely to require isoflurane supplementation to morphine sulphate/nitrous oxide anaesthesia (P less than 0.01). In summary, our experience with nicardipine HCl revealed no major untoward effects with respect to maintenance of intraoperative haemodynamic stability despite continuous antivasospasm therapy with this vasodilator.
Properties of the immunogenic and sensitizing activities of Bordetella pertussis in mice

Abstract The component of Bordetella pertussis that enhances the susceptibility of mice to challenge with homologous and heterologous endotoxin parallels the protective antigen and histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) during chemical fractionation of pertussis vaccine. This finding, together with evidence of the lability of all three of the above activities to heat and trypsin, adds another to the lengthening list of sensitizing activities of pertussis vaccine in mice that share these same properties. This is consistent with our thesis that all of the diverse sensitizing activities of pertussis vaccine are functions of the immunogen itself. The induction by endotoxin of a state of partial tolerance to a subsequent injection of a lethal dose of endotoxin was confirmed. This, in addition to the findings of others, would appear to eliminate the lipopolysaccharide component of pertussis vaccine as the agent that elicits hyper-reactivity to bacterial endotoxins. It is postulated that the combined effects on the autonomic nervous system of the sensitizing component in pertussis vaccine and the challenge endotoxin itself are responsible for this hypersensitivity state in mice.
Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in anemic heart failure patients

While generic health status measures quantify the impact of all patients’ diseases on their health-related quality of life, disease specific measures focus on only one of the many conditions that a patient may have. If a patient has two diseases with similar clinical manifestations, they may respond differently to a disease-specific instrument if one of their conditions improves while the other worsens or remains stable, thus undermining the instruments in that patient population. We sought empirical evidence of the reliability and validity (including responsiveness) of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), a disease-specific measure for heart failure (HF), among HF patients with and without anemia, a condition that has similar symptoms to HF. This work used a prospective cohort study of 811 HF outpatients from 58 U.S. centers with a baseline assessment of anemia of whom 698 were followed for 3 months with serial health status measures. Among participants, 268 (33%) were anemic. The construct validity of the KCCQ was supported by showing similar correlations with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification in patients with and without anemia (P value for interaction = 0.38). The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92 and 0.93 for anemic and non-anemic patients, respectively) and test–retest reliability (mean 3-month change scores in stable patients = −2.8 [SD = 1.4] and −0.5 [SD = 0.8], P = 0.14) were similar. Estimates of responsiveness were also similar. This study provides empirical evidence that the psychometric properties of the KCCQ are similar in patients with or without anemia, a potentially confounding clinical condition in patients with heart failure.