cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intelligent service mediation for supporting advanced location and mobility-aware service provisioning in reconfigurable mobile networks

Service differentiation, customization, and personalization in the market of 3G mobile services and applications has caused many standards groups, telecommunication companies, and institutions to introduce advanced frameworks and architectures for the support of flexible service provisioning. An important feature in such architectures is location information management, which is a key aspect in future mobile systems and networks, enabling new approaches to service provisioning, customization, and personalization. We present our proposal for a generic open flexible service provisioning architecture that supports location-aware service provisioning and management.
Evaluation of herbal products as potential inhibitors of MDR1

Herb-drug interactions are increasingly noted to be a potentially preventable cause of drug toxicity or loss of therapeutic efficacy. In addition to their effects on CYP enzymes, phytochemicals in St. John's wort and grapefruit juice are reported to interact with the drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/MDR1. However, the potential effects of other popular, phytochemical rich herbs on MDR1 function have not been established. Ethanolic extracts of several herbal products were prepared. Bidirectional digoxin transport was determined across polarized Caco-2 cells containing P-gp. Herbal extracts were added to apical and basal compartments. Inhibitory effects of the herbal extracts were compared to verapamil 20 uM (positive control) and ethanol 2.5% (negative control). Viability of Caco-2 monolayer was confirmed by measuring inulin leak. Black Cohosh and St. John's wort were the most potent inhibitors of P-gp and completely abolished digoxin transport. The effect at 1.25 mg/ml was comparable to that of verapamil 20 uM. Echinacea, Feverfew, and Valerian inhibited digoxin transport by 70–80%. Ginseng and Perilla at similar concentrations did not affect digoxin transport. Kava and Garlic extracts appeared to compromise the integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer. Additional studies of Black Cohosh, Echinacea, Feverfew and Valerian are needed to determine the potential clinical relevance of these findings. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P79–P79; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.301
The charaterization of cake structure and rheology via pressureless slip casting

For an aqueous alumina slip having an average particle size of 0.5 μm, the cake structure and rheology were investigated. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) was chosen as a dispersant. Results showed that a partially flocculated slip (adding 0.28 wt% TSPP based on solids) had higher viscosity but faster casting rate in comparison to a deflocculated slip (adding 0.42 wt% TSPP). The resultant cake from the partially flocculated slip had an average green density of 2.24 g cm−3, which was very close to the 2.30 g cm−3 for the cake cast from the deflocculated slip. However, the former had a more uniform pore-size distribution across the cake thickness than the latter. Cake rheology was characterized in situ using a parallel-plate rheometer. When the drying time (after casting) was less than 30 min, the cake from the partially flocculated slip resulted in higher elastic moduli and yield stresses compared to the deflocculated slip. However, at a drying time of 60 min, cakes grown from the flocculated slips exhibited lower elastic moduli and yield stresses. For all cakes studied, the critical elastic deformation before plastic flow was approximately equal to the average alumina powder diameter (i.e. ∼ 0.5 μm). Finally, the rheological behaviour of alumina slip with larger particle size (i.e. ∼ 1.2 μm) and broader size distribution was compared to that of the fine alumina. Results showed that these alumina cakes exhibited significantly greater plastic flow, in contrast to the 0.5 μm alumina cakes. This is believed to be an effect of the broader particlesize distribution.
The stability constant of ironIII-fructose at acid pH

Abstract Ferric ion in the presence of fructose at pH 2·5 forms a complex which shows a distinct color change that can be measured spectrophotometrically. The complex has an absorption maximum at 370 mμ. From the variation of the apparent extinction coefficient at 370 mμ, with fructose concentration, it has been determined that the complex contains one fructose per iron and that the dissociation constant is 0·47 for the reaction FeIII (fructose) ⇄ FeIII + fructose at pH 2·5.
The mutagenic chain reaction: A method for converting heterozygous to homozygous mutations

An organism with a single recessive loss-of-function allele will typically have a wild-type phenotype, whereas individuals homozygous for two copies of the allele will display a mutant phenotype. We have developed a method called the mutagenic chain reaction (MCR), which is based on the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system for generating autocatalytic mutations, to produce homozygous loss-of-function mutations. In Drosophila, we found that MCR mutations efficiently spread from their chromosome of origin to the homologous chromosome, thereby converting heterozygous mutations to homozygosity in the vast majority of somatic and germline cells. MCR technology should have broad applications in diverse organisms.
Chemical Composition of Precipitation at Long Island, NY

Chemical analyses were performed on 387 sequential precipitation samples, both rain and snow, collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, New York, on 96 different days during the period from October 1983 to June 1985. The collection time for each individual sample was typically 30 min. The chemical species determined and the volume-weighted average and maximum concentrations (in parentheses) in units of μM were: H202:7(120), H2CO:6(60), H+:5l(500), NO3-: 30(350), S04 2-:25(270), NH4 +: 18(250), Ca2+:3(48), Na+:32(400), and C1-:37(380). A strong seasonal dependence was observed for H202 concentration, the maximum concentration in summer (120 μM) being 6 times greater than in winter. In addition, H202 concentration also exhibited a strong diurnal variation, with a maximum peaking in the afternoon and a minimum after midnight. These observations suggest that the production of H202 may be governed by photochemical activity. Nitrate concentration also displayed a strong diurnal variation, having a maximum around noon, but did not show a seasonal dependence. Relationships between various species and their possible sources are briefly discussed.
A comparative computational study of matrix-peptide interactions in MALDI mass spectrometry: the interaction of four tripeptides with the MALDI matrices 2,5-dihyroxybenzoic acid, α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid and 3,5-dihyroxybenzoic acid

The mechanisms of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been investigated by focusing on the interaction between MALDI matrices and several tripeptides. 2,5-dihyroxybenzoic acid, α-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid and 3,5-dihyroxybenzoic acid were studied as MALDI matrices interacting with four tripeptide sequences taken from bovine insulin: glutamic acid-arginine-glycine, glutamine-histidine-leucine, serine-histidine-leucine and threonine-proline-lysine. Molecular dynamics/simulated annealing calculations followed by geometrical refinement via density functional theory reveal a variety of matrix/peptide interactions. Most matrix-tripeptide clusters are bound through the side chains of the amino acids. In all clusters, the ionization potential (IP) of the matrix bound to the tripeptide is reduced relative to that of the free matrix. The origin of this IP lowering is discussed. In many cases, ionization of the cluster resulted in spontaneous proton transfer between the m...
Density expansion in a disordered system and its application to nonlinear spectroscopy

We study nonlinear spectroscopy processes in a disordered system. A density expansion with respect to the equations of motion is developed. In low density limit we derive explicitly the reduced equations for zero‐, one‐, and two‐body variables. Our reduced equations contain the information of the transport property of the disordered system. By solving these equations we obtain the steady state four‐wave mixing spectrum of the disordered system and study its aspect.
The Effect of Unilateral Arytenoid Lateralization on Rima Glottidis Area in Canine Cadaver Larynges

Five modifications of a cricoarytenoid lateralization and two modifications of a thyroarytenoid lateralization laryngoplasty technique were evaluated for their effect on rima glottidis area. All procedures and evaluations were performed on canine cadaver larynges. Cricoarytenoid lateralization (CAL) techniques provided a greater increase of the size of the glottic opening than did any of the thyroarytenoid lateralization techniques. Cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid disarticulation associated with CAL did not significantly increase glottic size compared with normal. After disarticulation of the cricoarytenoid joint, there was no difference in glottic enlargement whether the suture was placed through the muscular process or through the articular facet of the arytenoid cartilage. Transection of the sesamoid band combined with cricoarytenoid diarticulation distorted the dorsal margin of the rima glottidis.
Photoemission and the electronic properties of heavy fermions -- limitations of the Kondo model

The electronic properties of Yb-based heavy fermions have been investigated by means of high resolution synchrotron radiation photoemission and compared with predictions of the Kondo model. The Yb heavy fermion photoemission spectra show massive disagreement with the Kondo model predictions (as calculated within the Gunnarsson-Schonhammer computational method). Moreover, the Yb heavy fermion photoemission spectra give very strong indications of core-like characteristics and compare favorable to purely divalent Yb metal and core-like Lu 4f levels. The heavy fermions YbCu{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, YbAgCu{sub 4} and YbAl{sub 3} were measured and shown to have lineshapes much broader and deeper in binding energy than predicted by the Kondo model. The lineshape of the bulk component of the 4f emission for these three heavy fermion materials was compared with that from Yb metal and the Lu 4f levels in LuAl{sub 3}, the heavy fermion materials show no substantive spectroscopic differences from simple 4f levels observed in Yb metal and LuAl{sub 3}. Also, the variation with temperature of the 4f fineshape was measured for Yb metal and clearly demonstrates that phonon broadening plays a major role in 4f level lineshape analysis and must be accounted for before considerations of correlated electron resonance effects are presumed tomore » be at work.« less
Reconstruction of Acquired Oromandibular Defects

Acquired defects of the mandible resulting from trauma, infection, osteoradionecrosis, and ablative surgery of the oral cavity and lower face are particularly debilitating. Familiarity with mandibular and cervical anatomy is crucial in achieving mandibular reconstruction. The surgeon must evaluate which components of the hard and soft tissue are missing in selecting a method of reconstruction. Complexity of mandibular reconstruction ranges from simple rigid internal fixation to microvascular free tissue transfer, depending on defect- and patient-related factors. Modern techniques for microvascular tissue transfer provide a wide array of reconstructive options that can be tailored to patients' specific needs.
Descriptive Representation as a Mechanism to Mitigate Policy Backlash: Latino Incorporation and Welfare Policy in the American States

While the election of racial/ethnic minority lawmakers has diversified American legislative institutions, scholars continue to find evidence of racial backlash in public policy decisions. This seems to undermine the Madisonian conception of the ability of minority interests to offset majoritarian resentment through representation and raises the question, Can minority group representatives influence policy decisions in majoritarian institutions? Using evidence from the American states, this study shows that the fastest-growing ethnic minority group, Latinos, do benefit from descriptive representation, as increases in Latino representation and legislative incorporation offset the negative effects of Latino population size on social welfare policy.
Ideology, Social Threat, and the Death Sentence: Capital Sentences across Time and Space

Capital punishment is the most severe criminal penalty, yet we know little about the factors that produce jurisdictional differences in the use of the death sentence. Political explanations emphasize conservative values and the strength of more conservative political parties. Threat accounts suggest that this sentence will be more likely in jurisdictions with larger minority populations. After controlling for many explanations using two-equation count models, the results show that larger numbers of death sentences are probable in states with greater membership in conservative churches and in states with higher violent crime rates. The findings suggest that political conservatism, a stronger Republican party, and racial threat explain whether a state ever used the death sentence, but these hypotheses do not account for the number of death sentences beyond one. By highlighting the explanatory power of public ideologies, these findings support political explanations for the harshest criminal punishment.
The Roots of Epistemological ‘Anarchy‘

The claims of the epistemological ‘anarchists’ have their roots in the orthodox tradition as well as in the Popperian. In particular they follow from the work of Quine. Meaning variance and incommensurability follow directly from the holistic conception of meaning in his ‘network’ view. Quine's efforts to evade this conclusion fail. His attempt to develop a theory‐neutral notion of observation sentence is shown (1) to be inconsistent with his previous claims since it involves the tacit acceptance of the ‘dogma of reductionism’, (2) to involve the acceptance of a questionable ‘third dogma’, i.e. the stimulus‐response theory of behaviorist psychology, and (3) ultimately to miss the point of the anarchists. In Quinian terms, in order for observation sentences to perform the function of intertheoretical ‘arbiters’, what is needed is ‘similarity of assent’, which is not a meaningful notion on an internetwork basis.
Induced division and division regression by cell fusion in stentor

Ciliates dividing and not dividing were fused by cell grafting to characterize, by the interactions, cell states during division and interdivision. Control grafts of divider × divider showed that the operation itself was unimportant for the results (contrary to Weisz, '56). In the majority of cases the trophic component of a graft induced primordium resorption and regression of division in the divider. Thus it appears that trophic stentors actively inhibit their own division with a blockage that can extend to a conjoined divider. That disinhibition is the onset of division and persists only until division is assured was indcated by the findng that both late dividers and predividers can induce division regression. Only in grafts precisely balanced with respect to relative sizes of the partners and division stage of the divider did dividers induce direct division of fusion partners that would not otherwise have divided. In fork-tailed stentors both cell bodies divide although a division primordium appears in only one.
Revealing hidden mathematics curriculum to pre-teachers using technology: the case of partitions

Motivated by work done with pre-teachers of mathematics in a problem-solving course, this paper shows how computing technologies, including a spreadsheet and Maple, facilitate an informal journey into a hidden aspect of the formal content of the pre-college curriculum dealing with the arithmetic of partitions. By using three problems from different grade levels within a state curriculum as an example, the paper suggests that a deeper perspective on seemingly disconnected problem-solving contexts may serve as a powerful didactical tool in helping teachers to appreciate mathematics and its pedagogy as an integrated whole. The connection of the hidden aspect of the curriculum to the concept of mathematical play is also explored.
DIPLOPIA IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Normal binocular vision requires that all involved structures; ocular, muscular, and neuronal; be intact and all of the intricate processes controlling conjugate gaze and cortical fusion be functioning. Diplopia may represent pathology at any point in this complex system. A careful history and physical examination may reveal a relatively benign etiology or may compel rapid diagnostic studies to evaluate the patient for neurological catastrophe.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of rivaroxaban for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes.

Introduction: Arterial and venous thrombotic states, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and deep vein thrombosis with subsequent pulmonary embolism, are a significant cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Factor Xa (FXa) plays a pivotal role in thrombus formation. Its inhibition following acute coronary syndromes (ACS) blocks amplification of thrombin generation and subsequent clot formation, resulting in a risk reduction in recurrent MI, stroke and death. For this reason, a predictable form of oral anticoagulation continues to be an ongoing need. Rivaroxaban, the first oral FXa inhibitor, acts by direct inhibition of FXa and does not require an antithrombin cofactor for its activity. Areas covered: This paper describes the pharmacokinetics (PK) of low-dose rivaroxaban tested in patients with ACS. Age, gender, renal function and body weight have no clinically significant effects on the PK of the drug in treatment of ACS. Caution should be maintained during co-administration of strong ...
Special education for all educators are we ready

Educators currently in senior positions in our public education and training institutions experienced school as children in a New Zealand society very different from 1987. In theirprofessional careers, they have witnessed some staggering changes to which they have had to adjust.
Oxygen-Ordering Effects in High-Tc Superconductors

In the superconducting oxides the value of Tc may be a sensitive function of both the concentration and the distribution of oxygen defects, the latter quantity itself being a function of both temperature and pressure. Recent high-pressure experiments on Tl2Ba2CuO6+y have revealed distinct low- and high-temperature relaxation processes above 15 K, presumably originating in the oxygen sublattice. In TlSr2CaCu2O7-y and YBa2Cu3O6, 41 only relaxation above 250 K is observed. The relaxation time τ in YBa2Cu3O6, 41 is found to increase rapidly with pressure from approximately 10 hours at 1 bar to 550 hours at 2. 3 GPa. In systems where such relaxation effects occur, Tc is thus not a unique function of pressure, but rather depends in a complicated way on the pressure-thermal-time prehistory of the sample.
Control of Beet Leaf Miner (Pegomya betae (Curt.)) by Soil‐applied Pesticides

SUMMARY Damage to the leaves of sugar-beet seedlings in eastern England by larvae of Pegomya betae (Curt.) was prevented or greatly decreased by drilling aldicarb, Dupont 1410, methomyl, ‘Mocap’ or pirimiphosmethyl at rates in the range 4–60 oz a.i./acre (280–4,204 g/ha) in the furrow with the seed.
The development and role of peacekeeping operations in security platform police missions in West Africa

The purpose of this paper is to examine the shift in peacekeeping operations to include mandates for supporting international and regional efforts to combat transnational crime. The paper examines these trends in West Africa where the most advanced efforts at peacekeeper support in the battle against transnational crime are found. The deployment of UN peacekeeping operations in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Cote d’Ivoire provided the global organization with personnel on the ground to support various national peace processes as well as tackle transnational crime that festers where there is a lack of political control. As this paper examines the trend to increase peacekeeper support in the battle against transnational crime in West Africa, it concentrates on two important illicit activities – transnational drug and human trafficking.
Playing to Win: Marketing and Public Policy at Odds over Joe Camel

Abstract This article is based on the 1998 testimony the author provided for In the Matter of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company as an expert witness for the Federal Trade Commission. After providing an overview of the Joe Camel campaign and the Federal Trade Commission’s investigation of it, the author considers consumer protection issues that provide a perspective for assessing Reynolds’s acts and practices. He then focuses on an analysis of Reynolds’s competitive position in the cigarette marketplace and why that was likely to influence subsequent marketing strategy and the development of the Joe Camel campaign. The author next discusses the campaign at some length before returning to an explicit assessment of the campaign and the types of criteria that might be adopted for this purpose.
Effects of elevated temperature exposure on heating characteristics, spalling, and residual properties of high performance concrete

This paper describes results of NIST's experimental program that focuses on effects of elevated temperature exposure on residual mechanical properties of HPC. Residual mechanical properties were measured by heating the 102×204 mm cylinders to steady state thermal conditions at a target temperature, and loading them to failure after the specimens had cooled to room temperature. The test specimens were made of four HPC mixtures with water-to-cementitious material ratio (w/cm) ranging from 0.22 to 0.57, and room-temperature compressive strength at testing ranges from 51 MPa to 93 MPa. Two of the four HPC mixtures contained silica fume. The specimens were heated to a maximum core temperature of 450°C, at a heating rate of 5°C/min. Experimental results indicate that HPCs with higher original strength (lowerw/cm) and with silica fume retain more residual strength after elevated temperature exposure than those with lower original strength (higherw/cm) and without silica fume. The differences in modulus of elasticity are less significant. However, the potential for explosive spalling increased in HPC specimens with lowerw/cm and silica fume. An examination of the specimens' heating characteristics indicate that the HPC mixtures which experienced explosive spalling had a more restrictive process of capillary pore and chemically bound water loss than those which did not experience spalling.
The photolysis of hexafluoroacetone

The photolytic decomposition of hexafluoroacetone has been studied over a wide range of temperatures and pressures using light of wavelength 3130 angstrom. The initial step involves the production of CF$\_{3}$ radicals, and the only products are C$\_{2}$F$\_{6}$ and CO. The reaction is an excellent source of CF$\_{3}$ radicals. The quantum yield diminishes with increasing pressure. A mechanism is suggested involving the participation of an electronically excited molecule of comparatively long lifetime, and the effect of various inert gases on the stability of this species is discussed.
Follow-up Studies of Suspicious Choroidal Nevi

The fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms of 255 consecutive cases of choroidal nevi were reviewed. Sixty-one cases (24%) were selected as suspicious on the basis of strict preestablished criteria including greatest single diameter, elevation, degree of disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium, and presence of subretinal fluid. Fifty of these 61 had adequate four-year follow-up. The remaining 194 cases, labeled as nonsuspicious, were usually small, relatively flat, slate-grey nevi which failed to meet the criteria for being suspicious. Of the 50 suspicious choroidal nevi followed four years, five (10%) showed photographic evidence of growth 4 to 30 months after the last examination. In contrast, none of the 194 nonsuspicious cases demonstrated growth. On the basis of these results, recommendations are made for the management of suspicious choroidal nevi.
Oxidative stress, mitochondria and mtDNA-mutator mice

The oxidative stress theory of aging, an expansion of the mitochondrial theory of aging, is based around the idea of a vicious cycle, in which somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provoke respiratory chain dysfunction leading to enhanced ROS production and in turn to the accumulation of further mtDNA mutations. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA mutations are amplified during the course of aging. Recently, results obtained from mtDNA-mutator mice further strengthen the role of mitochondria in the aging process. However, lack of increased oxidative stress in the mtDNA-mutator mice raises doubts in the direct connection of mtDNA mutations with increased ROS production, challenging the oxidative stress theory of aging. The purpose of this short review is to highlight several studies that provide direct evidence that accelerated aging is linked to mtDNA mutations, without an increase in oxidative damage.
Toward dynamic assessment of reading: applying metacognitive awareness guidance to reading assessment tasks

This paper focuses on research that aimed to provide a theoretical–practical framework to link literacy assessment practice with learning theory. An experimental study was designed with reference to three theoretical axes: ‘metacognitive awareness’ theory, ‘schema’ theory and the Vygotskian ‘zone of proximal fevelopment’. The study tested the effect of using written metacognitive awareness guidance (MCAG) as a tool for activating and engaging learners’Habits of Mind while processing authentic reading assessment tasks taken from Israeli kits of assessment tasks (Guterman, 2000). The study on 300 Grade–4 pupils used three modalities: a control group, which received no treatment; a placebo group, which received content instructions (CI); and a treatment group, which was given written MCAG. The findings confirmed that applying metacognitive awareness guidance to reading assessment tasks makes a difference in the learners’ level of performance and achievement on those tasks, and also increases learners’ chances of internalising the guidance components.
Serum complement activity in the three-toed amphiuma (Amphiuma tridactylum).

Abstract Some animals routinely endure serious injuries from predators or during intraspecific territorial conflicts. Such is the case for Amphiuma tridactylum , an aquatic salamander that lives in an environment rich in potentially infectious microbes, apparently with rare or no pathogenic infection. Some vertebrates possess innate immune mechanisms, but whether this is the case for Amphiuma is unknown. To assess this potential, plasma from 19 A. tridactylum was pooled and used for characterisation of serum complement activity. The ability of A. tridactylum plasma to hemolyse unsensitised sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) was titer-dependent, with low activity observed even at high plasma titers. The kinetic characterisation of SRBC hemolysis revealed that significant activity could be measured within 10 min of incubation, and maximal activity occurred within 60 min. The SRBC hemolysis by A. tridactylum plasma was also temperature-dependent, with maximal activity at 30 °C. In addition, this activity was sensitive to mild heat treatment, with 96% of activity inhibited by incubation at 56 °C for 30 min. The SRBC hemolysis could also be inactivated by pretreatment of the plasma with proteases, indicating that this activity was protein dependent. The activity required divalent metals ions, with activity inhibited by EDTA, citrate, or phosphate. However, the chelator-inhibited activity could be restored by the addition of excess Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ , but not Cu 2+ or Ba 2+ , indicating specificity of the divalent metal ion requirement. The sensitivity to heat, proteases, and divalent metal ion chelators strongly suggests that A. tridactylum plasma-mediated hemolysis of SRBCs is mediated by the serum complement system of proteins.
Abstract 1787: Identification of factors governing sensitivity of NSCLC cell lines to inhibition of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP).

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC PARP inhibitors are emerging as important new anticancer agents, especially in cancers defective in homologous recombination (HR) repair, such as those lacking BRCA1 or BRCA2. To date, the potential role of PARP inhibition in NSCLC has not been extensively studied. As previously reported, we examined a panel of 26 genotypically-defined NSCLC cell lines for sensitivity to the PARP-1 inhibitor AG014699 (rucaparib) using colony formation assays. We identified 5 cell lines that are exquisitely sensitive (IC50 ≈ 50nM), 9 cell lines that are moderately sensitive (IC50 ≈ 60-500nM) and 12 cell lines that are resistant (IC50 > 5 μM). These data were confirmed with a second PARP inhibitor, AZD2281 (Olaparib). To determine whether sensitive cell lines have defective HR compared to resistant cell lines, we examined the formation of RAD51 foci. Both sensitive and resistant cell lines demonstrated efficient formation of RAD51 foci as well as gamma-H2AX foci in response to DNA damaging treatments, indicating correct initiation of HR. In resistant cell lines, the repair process following PARP inhibition is completed within 24 hours, with resolution of RAD51 and gamma-H2AX foci. However, in sensitive cell lines, these foci persist greater than 30 hours following DNA damaging treatments. These results suggest that although sensitive lines are able to initiate HR repair, they are unable to complete the process, so that RAD51 foci are not resolved. The persistence of DNA damage in these cell lines is confirmed by persistent gamma-H2AX focus formation as well as S/G2 arrest, the latter representing intact checkpoint control. Our results suggest that proteins required downstream of RAD51, including helicases and Holliday junction resolvases, are lacking in the sensitive lines. Consistent with this hypothesis, NCI-H520 cells, a highly PARP inhibitor-sensitive cell line, lacks expression of WRN, RECQL4 and RECQL5. siRNA-mediated depletion of these proteins individually sensitizes the resistant A549 cell line to PARP inhibition, with reduction in rucaparib IC50 by 100 fold. Our results may define a novel subset of NSCLCs with a late-step defect in HR that can be approached with PARP inhibition as a novel treatment strategy. Citation Format: Naveen Kommajosyula, Ye Cao, Lisa Moreau, Alan D'Andrea, Geoffrey I. Shapiro. Identification of factors governing sensitivity of NSCLC cell lines to inhibition of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1787. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1787
Fortran programs for calculating connectivity of three-dimensional numerical models and for ranking multiple realizations

Abstract Given a three-dimensional numerical geological model it is often useful to determine the geological modeling cells that are connected in three dimensions. These connected three-dimensional bodies are referred to as geo-objects; a program geo_obj is presented to calculate the geo-objects from three-dimensional lithofacies, porosity and permeability models. Relevant summary statistics such as the number of geo-objects, their sizes and their tortuosities are reported. The connected volumes may be used for ranking geostatistical realizations, e.g. establishing realizations with low, median, and high connectivity. A program rank_obj is presented for this purpose. It may also be useful to rank realizations according to the connectivity to one particular location (e.g. a well location) or between two locations (e.g. injector-producer pair); programs rank_loc and rank2loc are presented for these situations. The concept of three-dimensional connectivity and the topology of three-dimensional Cartesian grids are well understood; however, the programs presented here will be useful to anyone dealing with three-dimensional numerical geological models.
Surface residence time measurements of transient methyl radicals

Abstract We present the first measurement of the thermal desorption kinetics of methyl radicals. Neutral methyl radicals are photochemically produced within a methyl iodide film condensed on MgO(1 0 0). A substantial fraction become trapped through inelastic collisions with the film and thermalize to the film temperature prior to desorption. Novel residence time measurements are made by comparing neutral and ion flight times in a time-of-flight spectrometer. An Arrhenius analysis of methyl radical residence times provides a desorption barrier of 2.5±0.5 kcal mol −1 and a pre-factor of 10 10±1 s −1 .
Acute Exacerbations of COPD in the United States: Inpatient Burden and Predictors of Costs and Mortality

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are a leading cause of hospitalizations in the United States and the major cost driver of COPD. This study determined the national inpatient burden of AECOPD and assessed the association of co-morbidities and hospital characteristics with inpatient costs and mortality. Discharge records from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2006 was utilized. Outcomes of costs and mortality were assessed for AECOPD hospitalizations in cases ≥40 years of age. Multivariate regression analyses using a generalized linear model framework were conducted to determine predictors of inpatient costs and mortality controlling for patient demographics, primary payer, co-morbidity index, length of stay, hospital region, mechanical ventilation, and admission period. Overall, 1,254,703 hospitalizations for AECOPD were observed with mean costs of $9545(±12,700) and total costs of $11.9 billion. In-hospital mortality was 4.3% (N = 53,748). Discharges averaged 70.6 (±11.9) years of age. The majority were female (52.8%) and of white race (83.6% of reported race). Several co-morbidities were signifi cantly associated with both costs and mortality ( p < 0.001): acute myocardial infarction; congestive heart failure; cerebrovascular disease; lung cancer; cardiac arrhythmias; pulmonary circulation disorders; and weight loss. Signifi cantly higher costs ( p < 0.001) were associated with large and urban hospitals. The importance of co-morbidities in AECOPD is indicated in their association with prognosis and inpatient costs. Future research should determine if better management of these conditions can favorably impact the COPD disease burden.
Making a Game of Network Security

This paper describes our experiences in the design and implementation of a network for security training exercises, and one such exercise. The network described herein is flexible, and could be used for a wide variety of training exercises. Organizations of all sizes can use this type of exercise to train new personnel or keep existing staff at their best. In addition to the training benefits, these exercises can also be highly entertaining. The designs described here are intended to assist others in the construction of similar networks, and additional training scenarios.
Collaboration in the shadow of the wall: Shifting power in the borderlands

Border security places a heavy burden on public and private land managers affecting rural livelihoods and limiting managers’ ability to collectively act to deal with environmental issues. In the southern Arizona borderlands, natural resource managers come together to solve complex environmental issues creating a diverse set of formal and informal institutional arrangements between state and nonstate actors. We explore the effects of the border on these collaborative institutions, as well as the managers’ views of the border, invoking theoretical work on power, institutions, literature from the burgeoning field of borderland studies, and recent work on collaboration and the common interest in civil society. In doing so, we seek to understand how a rural community that has taken center stage in national discourse copes with the border on a daily basis and how changing power differentials in the borderlands affect a governance network. This study informs our understanding of when and where collaboration occurs, as well as our conceptualization of the border and the effects of border policy and immigration on natural resource management.
PREVALENCE OF Aspergillus fumigatus IN FREE-LIVING GOSHAWKS (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus)

During the fall migration, of 1972 and 1973 unusually large numbers of goshawks (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) were counted at Hawk Ridge in Duluth, Minnesota. These birds were sampled for prevalence of fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Fungi of this genus were recovered from 26 of 49 birds (53%) in 1972 and 4 of 45 (7%) birds in 1973. Aspergillosis was confirmed at necropsy in three wild goshawks in 1972, but none in 1973. The disease was further confirmed at necropsy in 8 of 12 (67%) goshawks trapped in the fall and retained for falconry in 1972 and in 2 of 17 (12%) such birds in 1973. We suggest that the stress of intraspecific agonistic behavior in conjunction with a high density of goshawks and greatly reduced prey base may increase the susceptibility of these hawks to aspergillosis.
Direct microbial conversion

Process development is reviewed for ethanol production from cellulosic biomass via direct microbial conversion (DMC). Experimental data addressing cellulase production and ethanol tolerance are also presented for the candidate DMC organismsClostridium thermocellum andClostridium thermosaccharolyticum. Two potential paths are identified for obtaining organisms for use in DMC. Path 1 involves modification of excellent ethanol producers, so that they also become good cellulase producers; Path 2 involves modification of excellent cellulase producers, so that they also become good ethanol producers. Cellulase production, ethanol tolerance, and ethanol selectivity are considered for both Path 1 and Path 2 organisms. It is concluded thatin situ cellulase production has the potential to allow cost reductions relative to state-of-the-art process designs on the order of 50¢/gal. Based on the data available, the value of cellulase production bythermocellum corresponds to 90% of this amount. However, each process path has a strategic obstacle to be overcome: high-level cellulase expression and secretion for Path 1, and high ethanol selectivity for Path 2. Ethanol tolerance is not seen as a primary factor in choosing between DMC and other ethanol process alternatives.
Identifying seismic source types using reverse time imaging

Summary The elastic reverse time imaging (RTI) method has the potential to identify the types of seismic sources based on the reconstructed source radiation pattern. A main challenge is that the radiation pattern imaged using high-frequency data has high ambiguity in distinguishing the focal mechanisms. Here we suggest a processing flow to identify the double couple, single couple, and single force sources in time-space domain. Our results indicate the single force source can be identified on time-depth slice and time-distance slice; the double couple source and single couple source can be distinguished from each other by their amplitude distributions on the time-distance slice and by the displacement variation with time pattern on the time-depth slice. Using this method a small earthquake in the Three Gorges Reservoir region is identified as a double couple source. This method is easily applicable to identify other types of sources. Introduction It is important for both exploration geophysics and solid Earth geophysics to know the details about various types of seismic sources. There are four major types of seismic sources: the double-couple source corresponding to faulting, the single-couple source corresponding to landslides, the single-force source corresponding to collapses and volcanic eruptions, and the explosions. In this study, we examine the ability to distinguish source types using a reserve time imaging (RTI) method for data acquired using 4.5 Hz geophones. The RTI method is able to image the particle motion in the source region based on the destruction and construction of seismic wave fields (O’Brien et al, 2010). The elastic RTI method solves elastic wave equation using the boundary condition (Hu and McMechan, 1988). The elastic RTI method estimates the source location through searching the maximum amplitude of reconstructed wave field, and acquires the estimated radiation pattern of the source, which may lead to the focal mechanisms. While the elastic RTI method has been used to map large earthquakes and microseismicity near volcanoes and oil reservoirs (Larmat et al, 2006; Larmat et al, 2008; O’Brien et al, 2010; Steiner et al, 2008), the resolvable focal mechanisms by elastic RTI method is limited to the very low frequency range, usually lower than 0.02 Hz (Larmat et al, 2006; Larmat et al, 2008). This means a major challenge for distinguishing source types using the RTI method in exploration seismology where the data frequency is usually higher than 1 Hz. Here we suggest an alternative way to use the RTI method for data frequency band within 1 Hz - 10 Hz to distinguish three types of seismic source. Considering that the double couple, single couple, and single force are the three most likely natural source types for our study, we focus on distinguishing these three source types from the images of the particle motions from the RTI method. This method is applied to identify the source type of a small earthquake in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region, China.
MODELING OF THE AUTOFURLING MECHANISM OF SMALL WIND TURBINES

Most small wind turbines are designed to autofurl in high winds under aerodynamic and gravity force in order to provide overspeed protection. Although autofurling is a proven technology with a long history, this totally passive mechanism is unfortunately not well understood and can perhaps be improved through careful analysis and redesign. Moreover, including an active yaw actuator such as a linear motor to supplement the passive autofurling mechanism by supplying a yaw moment can improve the turbine performance in high winds and strengthen the protection function. This paper propose a mathematical model of small wind turbines and their
Some fundamental considerations of streamwise vortices found useful in mixing enhancement and jet noise suppression

The present contribution addresses the possibility of extracting more jet noise suppression capabilities of stationary chevron nozzle exits through unsteady excitation of secondary instabilities. An example of insertion of steady streamwise vorticity into a mixing region is given to illustrate its effectiveness in promoting enhanced mixing. Using stability theory as a guide, unsteady secondary instability of the streamwise vorticity is excited with emphasis on nonlinear effects. The averaged combined effect on the steady flow, through the Reynolds stresses, provides significant further enhancement. Possible implementation in the laboratory is discussed as is further extensions of the much-simplified considerations.
Study on the method for predicting vibration characteristics of large and complex structures

The substructure synthesis method was developed for predicting vibration characteristics of large and complex structures. Drivation and implementation aspects of the method were discussed, and then it was applied to predict the structure vibration characteristics of a cylindrical shell model.Influnce of the interface conditions, number of substructure modes for coupling and model reduction on the accuracy of the substructure synthesis method were investigated. The computational time and memory requiements of the substructure synthesis method were also compared to the conventional finite element method. Finally, the validity for the test-analysis models with experimental and computational component modes was discussed. The results show that the developed substructure synthesis method may be an effective method for predicting vibration characteristics of large and complex structures.
Next-Generation Sequencing in Salivary Gland Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma and Basal Cell Adenoma.

Basal cell adenoma and basal cell adenocarcinoma represent basaloid salivary gland neoplasms that show cyto-morphologic similarity but differ at the histologic level by their invasive qualities, as adenocarcinomas show invasion beyond their capsule, a finding not seen in the adenomas. Due to the low incidence of these tumors, the molecular mechanism underlying their pathogenesis is poorly understood. We sought to further delineate these neoplasms through mutation profiling by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Twenty cases (basal cell adenocarcinoma = 10; basal cell adenoma = 10) were retrospectively selected from a previous analysis. NGS was performed using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). The data was analyzed using the Ion Torrent Suite Software (Life Technologies) followed by a laboratory-developed pipeline. One of eight cases of basal cell adenocarcinoma had a mutation, which was an activating mutation in PIK3CA (c.3140A>G, p.H1047R). No mutations were detected in the remaining basal cell adenocarcinomas. In the basal cell adenomas, the CTNNB1 p.I35T mutation was identified in three of nine (3/9) cases. A missense mutation in the ATM gene (c.2572T>C, p.F858L) was seen in a basal cell adenoma with an allele frequency of 53 %, raising the possibility of a germline mutation. The overall findings suggest that although there is cytomorphologic similarity, differences exist between these two tumors at the histologic and genetic level. Although the numbers of cases are limited, the aberrations in genes affecting different signaling pathways in the basal cell adenocarcinoma versus the basal cell adenomas suggest that basal cell adenocarcinoma likely arises de novo and not from basal cell adenoma.
Radicals from the gas-phase pyrolysis of a lignin model compound: p-coumaryl alcohol

The intermediate radicals produced in the gas-phase pyrolysis of one of the main building blocks of lignin – p-coumaryl alcohol (p-CMA) – were investigated using the low temperature matrix isolation technique interfaced with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (LTMI-EPR). An anisotropic EPR spectrum characterized by a high g-value (>2.0080) and a relatively low saturation coefficient (∼1.40) throughout the high pyrolytic temperature region (700 to 1000 °C) was observed. Theoretical calculations revealed plausible decomposition pathways for p-CMA comprising highly delocalized aromatic radicals. The results provide evidence for a dominant role of oxygen-centered radicals during the pyrolysis of p-CMA.