cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling Snow-Cover Heterogeneity over Complex Arctic Terrain for Regional and Global Climate Models*

The small-scale (10 to 100 m) and local-scale (100 m to 10 km) effects of topography (elevation, slope, and aspect) and snow redistribution by wind on the evolution of the snowmelt are investigated. The chosen study area is the 142 km2 Upper Kuparuk River basin located on the North Slope of Alaska. Two land surface models (LSMs) designed for regional and global climate studies apply different techniques to resolve these additional processes and features and their effects on snowmelt. One model uses a distributed approach to simulate explicitly the effects of topography on snowmelt at a 131-m resolution across the entire Upper Kuparuk watershed. By contrast, the other LSM employs a simple parameterization to implicitly resolve the effects of wind-blown snow on the hydrology of the Upper Kuparuk basin. In both cases, the incorporation of these local- and small-scale features within the LSMs leads to significant heterogeneity in the 1997 end-of-winter spatial distribution of snow cover in the Upper Kuparuk watershed. It is shown that the consideration of subgrid-scale snow-cover heterogeneity over complex Arctic terrain provides a better representation of the end-of-winter snow water equivalent, an improved simulation of the timing and amount of water discharge of the Upper Kuparuk River, and an alteration of other surface energy and water budget components.
Cyclopentane Neuraminidase Inhibitors with Potent In Vitro Anti-Influenza Virus Activities

A novel series of cyclopentane derivatives have been found to exhibit potent and selective inhibitory effects on influenza virus neuraminidase. These compounds, designated RWJ-270201, BCX-1827, BCX-1898, and BCX-1923, were tested in parallel with zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate against a spectrum of influenza A (H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1) and influenza B viruses in MDCK cells. Inhibition of viral cytopathic effect ascertained visually and by neutral red dye uptake was used, with 50% effective (virus-inhibitory) concentrations (EC(50)) determined. Against the H1N1 viruses A/Bayern/07/95, A/Beijing/262/95, A/PR/8/34, and A/Texas/36/91, EC(50)s (determined by neutral red assay) of the novel compounds were < or =1.5 microM. Twelve strains of H3N2 and two strains of avian H5N1 viruses were inhibited at <0.3 microM. Influenza B/Beijing/184/93 and B/Harbin/07/94 viruses were inhibited at <0.2 microM, with three other B virus strains inhibited at 0.8 to 8 microM. The novel inhibitors were comparable in potency to (or slightly more potent than) zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate. No cytotoxicity was seen with the compounds at concentrations of < or =1 mM in cell proliferation assays. The antiviral activity of RWJ-270201, chosen for clinical development, was studied in greater detail. Its potency and that of oseltamivir carboxylate decreased with increasing multiplicity of virus infection. Time-of-addition studies indicated that treatment with either compound needed to begin 0 to 12 h after virus exposure for optimal activity. Exposure of cells to RWJ-270201 caused most of the virus to remain cell associated, with extracellular virus decreasing in a concentration-dependent manner. This is consistent with its effect as a neuraminidase inhibitor. RWJ-270201 shows promise in the treatment of human influenza virus infections.
Abductor pollicis longus transfer for replacement of first dorsal interosseous

One of the tendinous slips of the abductor pollicis longus has been used to replace the first dorsal interosseous. One of the slips which does not insert on the first metacarpal is prolonged by a tendon graft through a subcutaneous tunnel to the insertion of the first dorsal interosseous. This technique has been used in 18 patients who have been followed from 2 to 12 years. All patients had improved stability in pinch, were able to abduct and to flex the index finger independently, and were satisfied with the results. No significant complications were encountered.
Toward a Unified Parameterization of the Boundary Layer and Moist Convection. Part I: A New Type of Mass-Flux Model

Higher-order closure (HOC) models have been proposed for parameterization of the turbulent planetary boundary layer (PBL). HOC models must include closures for higher-order moments (e.g., fourth moments in thirdorder closure models), for pressure terms, and for dissipation terms. Mass-flux closure (MFC) models have been proposed for parameterization of cumulus convection and, more recently, the convective PBL. MFC models include closures for lateral mass exchanges and for pressure terms (which are usually ignored). The authors developed a new kind of model that combines HOC and MFC, which they hope will be useful for the parameterization of both the PBL and cumulus convection, in a unified framework. Such a model is particularly well suited to regimes in which the PBL turbulence and the cumulus convection are not well separated, for example, the broken stratocumulus and shallow cumulus regimes. The model makes use of an assumed joint probability distribution for the variables of interest, and the equations typically used in HOC models can be derived by integrating over the distribution. Accordingly, the model is called Assumed-Distribution Higher-Order Closure (ADHOC). The prognostic variables of ADHOC are the mean state, the second and third moments of the vertical velocity, and the vertical fluxes of other quantities of interest. All of the parameters of the distribution can be determined from the predicted moments; thereafter the joint distribution is effectively known, and so any and all moments can be constructed as needed. In this way, the usual closure problem of ‘‘higher moments’’ is avoided. The pressure-term parameterizations previously developed for HOC models are used to predict the convective fluxes and the moments of the vertical velocity. In companion papers, parameterizations of lateral mass exchanges and subplume-scale fluxes are presented, and then ADHOC is applied to several observationally based tropical, subtropical, and dry convective boundary layers.
DETAILED TOOTH MORPHOLOGY IN A DUROPHAGOUS ICHTHYOSAUR CAPTURED BY 3D LASER SCANNER

(2005). Detailed tooth morphology in a durophagous ichthyosaur captured by 3D laser scanner. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 462-465.
Pathogenicity of Myelin Basic Protein in Anterior Uveitis

Uveitis is a group of inflammatory eye diseases that may result from infections, malignancies, trauma, or incompletely understood processes that are presumably mediated by the body’s immune system. Uveitis can affect any portion of the uveal track, thus the neighboring tissues such as the retina and vitreous are often affected. Approximately 50% of patients with uveitis have an underlying systemic disease including multiple sclerosis (MS) where central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is associated with the inflammation of the eye. The most common form of uveitis is anterior uveitis (AU), which may precede, occur with, or follow the systemic disease. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Unexpected similarity in regulation between an archaeal inositol monophosphatase/fructose bisphosphatase and chloroplast fructose bisphosphatase

Hyperthermophilic archaea have an unusual phosphatase that exhibits activity toward both inositol-1-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, activities carried out by separate gene products in eukaryotes and bacteria. The structures of phosphatases from Archaeoglobus fulgidus (AF2372) and Methanococcus jannaschii (MJ0109), both anaerobic organisms, resemble the dimeric unit of the tetrameric pig kidney fructose bisphosphatase (FBPase). A striking feature of AF2372, but not of MJ0109, is that the sulfhydryl groups of two cysteines, Cys150 and Cys186, are in close proximity (4 A). A similar arrangement of cysteines has been observed in chloroplast FBPases that are regulated by disulfide formation controlled by redox signaling pathways (ferredoxin/thioredoxin). This mode of regulation has not been detected in any other FBPase enzymes. Biochemical assays show that the AF2372 phosphatase activity can be abolished by incubation with O(2). Full activity is restored by incubation with thiol-containing compounds. Neither the C150S variant of AF2372 nor the equivalent phosphatase from M. jannaschii loses activity with oxidation. Oxidation experiments using Escherichia coli thioredoxin, in analogy with the chloroplast FBPase system, indicate an unexpected mode of regulation for AF2372, a key phosphatase in this anaerobic sulfate reducer.
Ent3p and Ent5p Exhibit Cargo-specific Functions in Trafficking Proteins between the Trans-Golgi Network and the Endosomes in Yeast

The phosphoinositide-binding proteins Ent3p and Ent5p are required for protein transport from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the vacuole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both proteins interact with the monomeric clathrin adaptor Gga2p, but Ent5p also interacts with the clathrin adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) complex, which facilitates retention of proteins such as Chs3p at the TGN. When both ENT3 and ENT5 are mutated, Chs3p is diverted from an intracellular reservoir to the cell surface. However, Ent3p and Ent5p are not required for the function of AP-1, but rather they seem to act in parallel with AP-1 to retain proteins such as Chs3p at the TGN. They have all the properties of clathrin adaptors, because they can both bind to clathrin and to cargo proteins. Like AP-1, Ent5p binds to Chs3p, whereas Ent3p facilitates the interaction between Gga2p and the endosomal syntaxin Pep12p. Thus, Ent3p has an additional function in Gga-dependent transport to the late endosome. Ent3p also facilitates the association between Gga2p and clathrin; however, Ent5p can partially substitute for this function. We conclude that the clathrin adaptors AP-1, Ent3p, Ent5p, and the Ggas cooperate in different ways to sort proteins between the TGN and the endosomes.
Service Architecture of Grid Faults Diagnosis Expert System Based on Web Service

Introduced method that used multi-layer open grid services architecture (OGSA) to construct grid-based fault diagnosis expert system (GFDES) based on multi-model. Designed the grid service layer based on OGSA, and developed the programs of public service and parallel service in the server. Formulated data grid market-based architecture (DGMA) was made up of independent distributed grid nodes, corresponding to a faults diagnosis expert system. The data transfer adopted grid FTP and was implemented through the API functions provided by Java cog kit.
Cocoa consumption and blood pressure: a systematic review

Chocolate is a highly popular food item in Western societies. However, there has been heavy criticism regarding chocolate consumption due to its high sugar and fat content, as well as its “addictive” nature. Persons can consume well over the suggested serving size for chocolate without being conscious of the fact. Researchers have attempted to find some positive characteristics of chocolate, so as to teach the public how to best consume this food while gaining some health benefits. In recent years, chocolate has been associated with lowering blood pressure as well as other beneficial side effects associated with heart disease. The following is a systematic review of recent articles and studies, which aim to show the association between chocolate consumption and various health risks and benefits related to cardiovascular disease. The results of these studies vary but overwhelmingly support the finding that chocolate consumption has beneficial effects on blood pressure, vasodilation, and other factors related to cardiovascular disease.
MEN AND GODS IN EURIPIDES’ HIPPOLYTUS

The relevancy of the appearances of the two goddesses, Aphrodite and Artemis, to the action, causation and characterization of the Hippolytus has long been debated. The rationalists' view is that they constitute a superficial and largely structural frame for the real, human drama, having little or nothing to do with what happens on the stage between epiphanies. Indeed, it is hard to deny that the human characters have a great deal to do with their own undoing. The divine nature of the catastrophe, on the other hand, prevents our rationalizing the superhuman element as outside the tragedy. If we include Poseidon in our Olympian cast of characters, it may be possible to find a relationship of the gods to the action of the play of another kind than a strictly causal one. It is the purpose of this paper to show that the characters and motivations of the persons of the drama both human and divine are so closely parallel that they form but a single frame of action within a dramatic structure that is so tight that barely an oimoi is superfluous. And surely two (or three) divinities have not been added for their appeal to the audience's love of the spectacular, or from a simple desire for balance. In a recent article B. D. Frischer has observed that between the human and divine frames, as well as within each frame, the principle of concordia operates. He asserts, however, that the device of reenactment (which ‘harmonizes characters by showing them doing and saying the same things’, 87) functions within but not between frames. My contention is that in action and in character the human actors are like their gods, that their actions parallel those of their gods, that they try to impose on the situation a state of immutability that is not suited to the mortal condition, and that they impose upon themselves and each other an isolation which is very close to the gods' aloofness and anti-social existence. It is through the goddesses' statements and the implications of these statements when transferred to human relationships that we become aware of what is taking place at the human level.
A phase I trial of bexarotene and docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors

13085 Background: Retinoids have been used to treat a wide variety of malignancies. Bexarotene is a synthetic retinoid that binds preferentially to the RXR subclass of retinoid receptors. In the in...
Review of B. Alan Wallace & Brian Hodel's Book: Embracing Mind: The Common Ground of Science and Spirituality

Wallace (and Hodel) do a very good job in "Embracing Mind." They break the book down into three parts. In Part One, Wallace takes another look at science, and where science may drift off into scientism. In Part Two, Wallace looks at a more promising science that can study the mind. In Part Three, Wallace takes up "tools and technologies of a Buddhist science of contemplation. You can find this book at Amazon: Embracing Mind: The Common Ground of Science and Spirituality .
Persistence of Influenza A (H1N1) Virus on Stainless Steel Surfaces

ABSTRACT As annual influenza epidemics continue to cause significant morbidity and economic burden, an understanding of viral persistence and transmission is critical for public health officials and health care workers to better protect patients and their family members from infection. The infectivity and persistence of two influenza A (H1N1) virus strains (A/New Caledonia/20/1999 and A/Brisbane/59/2007) on stainless steel (SS) surfaces were evaluated using three different surface matrices (2% fetal bovine serum, 5 mg/ml mucin, and viral medium) under various absolute humidity conditions (4.1 × 105 mPa, 6.5 × 105 mPa, 7.1 × 105 mPa, 11.4 × 105 mPa, 11.2 × 105 mPa, and 17.9 × 105 mPa) for up to 7 days. Influenza A virus was deposited onto SS coupons (7.07 cm2) and recovered by agitation and sonication in viral medium. Viral persistence was quantified using a tissue culture-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the median (50%) tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of infectious virus per coupon. Overall, both strains of influenza A virus remained infectious on SS coupons, with an approximate 2 log10 loss over 7 days. Factors that influenced viral persistence included absolute humidity, strain-absolute humidity interaction, and time (P ≤ 0.01). Further studies on the transfer of influenza A virus from fomites by hand and the impact of inanimate surface contamination on transmission should be performed, as this study demonstrates prolonged persistence on nonporous surfaces. IMPORTANCE This study tested the ability of two influenza A (H1N1) virus strains to persist and remain infectious on stainless steel surfaces under various environmental conditions. It demonstrated that influenza A (H1N1) viruses can persist and remain infectious on stainless steel surfaces for 7 days. Additional studies should be conducted to assess the role played by contaminated surfaces in the transmission of influenza A virus.
Interfacial Processes of a Model Lithium Ion Battery Anode Observed, in Situ, with Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

Vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) was used for in situ studies of the electrified interface of the negative electrode (anode) of a lithium battery analog. In a lithium battery, lithium is deposited interstitially in a carbon anode. In the model system, which facilitates the study of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) the anode was Au and lithium was deposited on the anode surface. The electrolyte was LiClO4 plus ethylene carbonate (EC) and diluted with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The SEI created on the anode in this case consists primarily of lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LiEDC) and lithium salts. SFG experiments were run during multiple cycles of reduction and oxidation of a half-cell, corresponding to charging and discharging of a battery. The infrared (IR) pulses were tuned to EC carbonyl transitions or −CH2 transitions of LiEDC and THF. A model is introduced to describe potential-dependent SFG intensities at electrified interfaces when the electrolyte has intense IR transitions. T...
The length-difficulty law of serial learning: An empirical function and a theoretical derivation

List length, item meaningfulness, and presentation rate were varied in a factorially designed serial learning experiment. In all conditions, the function relating length (r) with trials to criterion (t) was of the form t=a+b logr. Mathematical analysis revealed that such a function is implied by the classic negatively accelerated exponential mean learning curve. A theoretical expression for total errors to criterion as a linear function of list length was also derived and confirmed.
Modeling of the collision of a rotor-tip vortex with an airframe

Experimental results indicate that axial flow within the core of a tip-vortex causes broadening of the vortex as the axial flow stagnates on the airframe surface and thinning where axial flow is away from the surface; this effect is also reflected in pressure measurements. No previous calculations have addressed this effect in the present context. To study this phenomenon, two models of a tip-vortex with axial flow are considered: a classical line vortex modified by a cut-off parameter and a similar vortex superimposed with a distribution of vortex rings along the line vortex. The motion of the vortex described by these models to within one core radius of the airframe with and without mean flow demonstrates that the simple line vortex thins symmetrically about the point of closest approach to the airframe while the axial-flow vortex shows the broadening and thinning evident in experimental results. As these calculations advance in time, the vortex as described by either model tends to wrap around the airframe in a horseshoe configuration. Copy rig ht©l$97 by A. T. Conlisk, published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. * Sponsored by the U. S. Army Research Office t Associate Fellow AIAA INTRODUCTION Significant loads are induced by the passage of a vortex over a body. In the rotorcraft area, the precise details of the collision of the rotor-tip vortex with the airframe of the craft, as depicted on Figure 1, have not been considered, primarily because of a lack of understanding of the local physics of the problem. Thus in large-scale rotor codes, heuristic methods have been used to describe the vortex path when the vortex comes to within one core radius of the airframe. As an example, rotor codes often prevent the vortex centerline from coming within a fixed distance from the airframe(Lorber and Egolf 1990). These arbitrary methods of describing the intense interaction between a vortex and a surface result in the inability to predict with sufficient accuracy the airframe pressure distribution and hence the vortex loading. In this paper we consider the direct collision of a rotor-tip vortex with a cylindrical airframe whereby the vortex approaches the body at a substantial angle. At this point we should define what we mean by a vortex-boundary "collision". We consider the case where the scale of the vortex is much smaller than the body scale. A "collision" process is then defined as the physical process in which a portion of the vortex defined as a region of concentrated vorticity surrounded by irrotational fluid can not be distinguished from the boundary layer fluid. In this respect, a central feature of this process is inviscid vorticity redistribution through interaction with the solid surface(Lee et al. 1995). Note that for a collision to occur, it is not necessary that the space curve defining the centerline of the finite vortex prior to collision actually "touch" the body surface. Considerable numerical and experimental work on rotor-tip vortex trajectory in the vicinity of an airframe
Multiple Infections and Cancer: Etiology, Mechanisms and Implications in Cancer Control

The association between infectious agents and cancer has been known for a long time. Among all agents, the hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), human papillomaviruses (HPV), and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are associated with approximately 15 % of all human cancers. In recent years, two or more infectious agents have been identified in different neoplasms. For example, the coexistence of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral plasmablastic lymphomas (PBLs) was demonstrated recently. Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) bacteria infected HPV-positive cells and induced inflammation and, ultimately, cervical cancer. Studies have been conducted to follow cancer patients infected with multiple agents, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Co-infections alter the immune system and affect the host’s susceptibility to cancer; the co-infecting agent sometimes is the causative cofactor. Many of these infectious agents are highly prevalent in the world; however, most infected individuals do not develop cancer and may remain lifelong carriers. Studying co-infections is important because different treatment strategies are required in such cases. This article focuses on utilizing existing information to better understand the etiology of cancer that develops as a result of multiple infections, and developing strategies to control disease and identify challenges and research opportunities in the field.
Investigation of AIDS-related knowledge among secondary school students in the second round's AIDS comprehensive prevention and treatment demonstration areas of Anhui province

Objective To investigate the current situation of AIDS knowledge among middle school students in the second round's AIDS comprehensive prevention and treatment demonstration areas of Anhui province,evaluate the propagation effect of AIDS prevention and control,and provide scientific bases for the plan and achieving the goal of AIDS prevention and control.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate students from 14 demonstration areas.The result of which was compared to that of 2009.Results Of all the 10 994 middle school students involved in this investigation,the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was 77%,increased from 52% in 2009(χ2 = 1008.109,P 0.001).There was significant difference in the awareness rate of both junior(χ2 = 608.292,P 0.001) and high(χ2 = 280.92,P 0.001) school students between the year of 2009 and 2010.Conclusion The AIDS education efforts aimed towards middle school students in the second round's AIDS comprehensive prevention and treatment demonstration areas of Anhui province effectively increased the recognition level of AIDS knowledge among the target group,however,the awareness rate was still relatively lower than expected,there was still a significant distance to get the recognition rate level target for 2010(95%) outlined in the " Five Year Action Plan" and the 2013(95%) end-term.Therefore,in order to further uplift the recognition rate level of AIDS protection and control knowledge among middle school students,closer inter-departmental efforts should be encouraged to further deepen the AIDS knowledge education efforts in different ways and forms.Hopefully,the AIDS can be effectively controlled and contained in the target group of middle school students.
Reflections on the Design Challenges Prompted by Affect-Aware Socially Assistive Robots

The rising interest in socially assistive robotics is, at least in part, stemmed by the aging population around the world. A lot of research and interest has gone into insuring the safety of these robots. However, little has been done to consider the necessary role of emotion in these robots and the potential ethical implications of having affect-aware socially assistive robots. In this chapter we address some of the considerations that need to be taken into account in the research and development of robots assisting a vulnerable population. We use two fictional scenarios involving a robot assisting a person with Parkinson’s disease to discuss five ethical issues relevant to affect-aware socially assistive robots.
Reliable Interconnect Grid for Ultra Deep Submicron

Reliability of the interconnects has become a challenge in deep submicron technology. In this paper, we propose grid communication strategy that establishes highly reliable interconnects with no length limitation. We show that using direct sequence spread spectrum and inexpensive transceivers we can transfer data with extremely low error rates. Such a highly reliable communication network is vital for future ultra deep submicron and nano systems. Experimental results are also reported to verify the concept, clarify the design procedure and measure the communication grid metrics.
Demonstration of tunable energy propagation using magneto-mechanical oscillator arrays

This work reports, for the first time, a MEMS testbed platform that not only demonstrates complex energy propagation behaviors in periodic arrays of magnetically coupled mechanical oscillators, but also a technique to alter those behaviors externally, after fabrication of the device. Using the microfabricated oscillator arrays, we show frequency bandgaps and a technique to modify the bandgap response, providing valuable experimental data to validate theoretical models. Additionally, the devices demonstrate that those behaviors are affected by the strength of the inter-oscillator coupling force and stiffness of the array oscillators. Each device consists of multiple 1-D arrays of microfabricated magnet-on-cantilever oscillators, utilizing the magnets for inter-oscillator coupling and transmission of energy. Through experimental investigation of these behaviors, fundamental insights can be applied to sensors, shock absorption, filters and energy conversion systems.
Fort Pitt: The Forgotten Survivors of Gnadenhutten

With the 1781 defeat of the British forces at Yorktown, the American Revolution began winding down in the East. On the frontier of Western Pennsylvania however, armed conflict continued on and off for more than a decade as two cultures clashed for control and survival One of the darkest days in this struggle came on March 9, 1782, when militiamen from Washington County, Pennsylvania, massacred what is believed to have been 90 Indians, mostly Lenape-speaking Christian converts, men, women, and children.
Abstract 1231: Restoration of tumor suppressionin vivoby systemic delivery of PTEN mRNA nanoparticles

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten) is one of the most common lost or mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancers, including ~50% of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). By catalyzing PIP3 dephosphorylation, PTEN negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which is frequently altered in mCRPC. Reintroduction of functional PTEN for mCRPC treatment has proven difficult. By employing self-assembled lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle platforms, we successfully reintroduced PTEN mRNA to PTEN-null prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These mRNA-loaded nanoparticles demonstrate high protein expression efficiency, low toxicity and good stability in serum and tumor accumulation. We confirmed that restoration of PTEN in PTEN-null prostate cancer cells inhibits the PI3k-AKT pathway, reduces cell viability and enhances apoptosis in vitro. Systemic delivery of PTEN mRNA-loaded nanoparticles in prostate xenograft tumors results in ~85% inhibition of tumor growth and leads to tumor cell death without toxic side effects in vivo. In summary, this work provides proof of concept of mRNA-based gene therapy for systemic restoration of functional PTEN for tumor suppression in vivo. It represents a novel approach to PI3K-AKT pathway inhibition, with the potential to specifically target cancers with loss of PTEN function. Citation Format: Yingjie Xu, Mohammad Ariful Islam, Harshal Zope, Morteza Mahmoudi, Robert S. Langer, Jinjun Shi, Bruce R. Zetter, Omid C. Farokhzad. Restoration of tumor suppression in vivo by systemic delivery of PTEN mRNA nanoparticles [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1231. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1231
Psychological factors influencing customers’ acceptance of smartphone diet apps when ordering food at restaurants

Abstract This paper examines the adoption of smartphone diet apps by restaurant customers and, more specifically, the psychological factors that influence their intention to use such apps when ordering food at restaurants. Data was collected from 395 individuals and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results showed that customers’ intention to use smartphone diet apps is predicted by expected performance of the application, anticipated effort of usage, social influence, and degree of user innovativeness. Following the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study proposes five determinants of mobile diet apps’ usage intentions: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and personal innovativeness. Based on the study results, theoretical and practical implications are provided for scholars, health professionals, restaurant operators, and smartphone application developers.
“What Should I Call Myself? Does It Matter?” Questioning the “Labeling” Practice in ELT Profession

This autoethnographic writing explores the changing phases of the author’s (re)construction of selves within the English Language Teaching (ELT) profession and industry (along with its labeling games). The paper discusses phases of identity (re)construction in relation to the labeling practice in ELT industry, particularly the “native” and “non-native” labels, and how the author was engaged in dialogue, and struggled in the process of (re)learning her professional realities and identities. In this paper, she presents several reflective accounts of interacting with and responding to labels that she came across, and/or were attached to her, in her teaching work and life in three different contexts (Indonesia, Australia, and Thailand). The accounts discuss her ways of coping and living with competing TESOL pedagogies, ideologies and realities. This process of (re)learning her professional realities, brought her to new understanding and the re-inventing of her professional self, as she struggles to move beyond the confinement of labels in the ELT industry.
Slip reduction controls of mesh-body worm robot developed from a mathematical model

In controlling a mesh-body worm robot which can do peristaltic motion to progress, slip reduction is important especially in turning, in which body angle always tends to turn back after each attempt to make a turn. In our previous work, a mathematical model was constructed to study these mesh-body worm robots and slip reduction controls in straight-line motion were developed analytically. However, rules behind turning motion are more complicated to analyze than straight-line motion. Therefore, in this work, we developed a new method to numerically search all possible controls for slip reduction and return the optimum one. As a result, the new control waveform sufficiently eliminates the motion slip in all turning biases.
Evaluation of Environmental and Personal Susceptibility Characteristics That Modify Genetic Risks

Study design in understanding gene-environment interaction plays a crucial role. Different study designs with their advantages and limitations are described in this chapter. Gene penetrance has been studied in several cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. Compared with high-penetrance genes, such as breast cancer (BRCA)1, BRCA2 in breast cancer, gene-environment interaction plays a major role in cancer development where low-penetrance genes are the major players. Genetic polymorphism is determined in low- and high-penetrance genes to identify cancer-related polymorphisms. The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in cancer development is discussed. Preventive approaches, especially in the epigenetic field, show promise. A discussion about different epidemiological methods with examples is provided.
Ideation and Appropriation: Wittgenstein on Intellectual Property

This paper provides a critique of the contemporary notion of intellectual property based on the consequences of Wittgenstein's “private language argument”. The reticence commonly felt toward recent applications of patent law, e.g., sports moves, is held to expose erroneous metaphysical assumptions inherent in the spirit of current IP legislation. It is argued that the modern conception of intellectual property as a kind of natural right, stems from the mistaken internalist or Augustinian picture of language that Wittgenstein attempted to diffuse. This view becomes persuasive once it is shown that a complete understanding of the argument against private language must include Wittgenstein's investigation of the role of the will in the creative process. It is argued that original thought is not born by decree of the will, but engendered by a public context of meaning and value. What marks a person as a genius is, therefore, according to Wittgenstein, not some sovereign capacity of conceptual world-making, but merely a propitious dose of intellectual courage.
On the Reliability and Accuracy of the Evaluative Method for Identifying Evidence-Based Practices in Autism

The editors of this book recently described the development and application of an “evaluative method” for assessing evidence-based practices (EBP) in Autism (Reichow et al. 2008). The major results of this investigation, which were presented at the International Meeting for Autism Research (Reichow et al. 2007) indicated that the method produced highly reliable and valid results, whether deriving from an assessment of primary or secondary quality indicators from published peer-reviewed, group research reports or from published and peer-reviewed, single subject experimental design (SSED) reports. The levels of inter-examiner agreement, ranged between 85%, with a Kappa or chance-corrected level of 0.69 (Cohen 1960), and 96%, with a Kappa value of 0.93. By applying the criteria of Cicchetti (2001) and Cicchetti et al. (1995), the levels of reliability ranged between good (85%, with a Kappa value of 0.69) and excellent (96%, with a Kappa value equal to 0.93).
A Generalized Class of Hard Thresholding Algorithms for Sparse Signal Recovery

We introduce a whole family of hard thresholding algorithms for the recovery of sparse signals \({\mathbf {x}}\in {\mathbb C}^N\) from a limited number of linear measurements \({\mathbf y}= \mathbf{A}{\mathbf {x}}\in {\mathbb C}^m\), with \(m \ll N\). Our results generalize previous ones on hard thresholding pursuit algorithms. We show that uniform recovery of all \(s\)-sparse vectors \({\mathbf {x}}\) can be achieved under a certain restricted isometry condition. While these conditions might be unrealistic in some cases, it is shown that with high probability, our algorithms select a correct set of indices at each iteration, as long as the active support is smaller than the actual support of the vector to be recovered, with a proviso on the shape of the vector. Our theoretical findings are illustrated by numerical examples.
Optical propagation through multilayered anisotropic media

Anisotropic materials can comprise multilayer stacks, where each anisotropic layer is, in turn, made from uniaxial-uniaxial or uniaxial-isotropic materials. Each uniaxial layer can be made from two dissimilar isotropic materials, e.g., a metal and a dielectric. Similar to usual metallo-dielectric structures, these multilayer structures can be used to achieve unique optical filters, and can be modeled as a bulk structure using effective medium theory. The optical properties of these anisotropic media can be described in terms of effective parameters such as permittivity and permeability tensors. In this work, optical propagation through such layered media is analyzed using Berreman 4 × 4 matrix along with appropriate boundary conditions. Reflection and transmission are investigated as functions of the incident angle and wavelength. Results are compared with those obtained using the transfer matrix approach. This analysis can be extended to Gaussian beam propagation through such anisotropic materials using angular plane wave approach.
Differences in predictors of academic success using multi- and individual year student admissions data

Introduction: Schools of pharmacy continually focus on improving methods used to admit successful students. This study evaluated multi-year and individual year admissions data to assess predictors of student success. Methods: Three years of student admissions data were compared to selected student outcomes to identify predictors of student success. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analyses were used. Results: Data of 417 students were evaluated. Pre-pharmacy cumulative and science grade point averages (GPA) were the strongest predictors of final pharmacy cumulative (FPC) GPA and individual grades in science and therapeutic courses for all multi-year and individual class analyses ( r =0.41-0.55, p <0.001). The Pharmacy College Admissions Test composite and chemistry scores correlated with FPC GPA and course grades for all analyses ( r =0.19-0.49, p <0.05). Predictors of passing the North American Pharmacy Licensure Exam varied. Correlations differed when evaluating multi-year and individual year data. Conclusion: Schools should conduct both multi-year and individual year analyses to determine predictors of academic success.
Sephardic Merchants and the Second Barbados: Jamaica

Jamaica as the “Second Barbados” forms a good test case to explore the impact of British mercantilist trade policies. This chapter begins with a discussion about the “Portuguese” and the role they played in facilitating Cromwell’s Western Design and focuses on Port Royal and the Sephardic merchant community that developed in the transit trade with Spanish America most of which was contraband. The wealth created from Port Royal’s commerce forms the basis for investment in sugar production during the last quarter of the seventeenth century but the role of Sephardic merchants in the sugar trade with London is limited due to the predominance of the commission trade which favors London merchants’ houses. Trade with Amsterdam is in the form of transit via Curacao.
Pivots and Pirouettes: Carefully Turning Traditions:

There are many ways to frame how and why we go about research, particularly when it comes to unsettling traditions. From the beginning of our studies, we can be encouraged (or even required) to sit...
Temporal Correlations between Plasma Ovarian Steroid Hormone Levels and Intrauterine Oxygen Tension in the Guinea Pig

Oxygen is essential for blastocyst survival. Since, prior to implantation, the blastocyst has no direct connection with the maternal vasculature, a supply of oxygen sufficient to meet its metabolic needs must be available within the uterine lumen. In vitro studies indicate that mouse blastocysts require at least 7 mmHg of oxygen to sustain development (Auerbach and Brinster, 1968). While in vitro experiments have provided considerable information concerning conceptus metabolism and development, the environmental conditions to which the blastocyst is subjected during culture are different from the environment provided by the uterine lumen. Thus, until in vivo conditions are determined, the extent to which in vitro environments duplicate that in which blastocyst development and implantation normally occur, remains unknown.
Diagnosis of Concussion in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Pediatric visits to the Emergency Department (ED) for concussion are common and increasing. ED clinicians evaluating children with concussion should first ensure the absence of more serious injuries requiring immediate intervention, such as intracranial hemorrhage or cervical spine injury. In the ED setting, signs and symptoms of concussion are sometime subtle and often overlooked. A thorough physical exam is warranted but may be normal. Imaging and laboratory studies have no role in concussion diagnosis and should be reserved for cases where an injury requiring immediate intervention is suspected. Symptom management may include avoiding symptom-triggers (such as bright lights triggering headaches) and/or specific treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories or antiemetics. Discharge instructions should include a recommendation for a brief period of rest, followed by outpatient management for return-to-activity decisions in conjunction with a primary care provider.
Interaction of Superimposed Megaripples and Dunes in a Tidally Energetic Environment

ABSTRACT Jones, K.R. and Traykovski, P., 2019. Interaction of superimposed megaripples and dunes in a tidally energetic environment. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(5), 948–958. Coconut Creek (Flor...
A national study of sustained use of force complaints in law enforcement agencies

Abstract Purpose This article examines how community and departmental characteristics relate to the number of sustained use of force complaints in a law enforcement agency. Methods Using national-level data from Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics 2007, Uniform Crime Reports 2007, American Community Survey 2009 and bivariate and multivariate techniques, we investigate whether sustained uses of force vary across 1) community and regional characteristics in the U.S. and across departmental 2) policies, 3) training tendencies, and 4) hiring practices. Results Controlling for region, crime rate, and area median income, results demonstrate that sustained complaints increase when departments serve large, nonwhite populations. Regarding departmental policies, results are alarming: Departments with independent civilian complaint review boards, agencies which engage in community policing, and departments that implement personality tests when hiring sustain significantly higher numbers of use of force complaints. However, departments that screen for volunteer and community service histories in officer candidates have over one third fewer sustained complaints than departments that do not use this hiring screen. Conclusions In order to significantly reduce the amount of sustained complaints against a department, results suggest that agencies should assess community service and volunteer histories for potential officer candidates.
Subjectivity as subjective-science: campus freedom of speech as an intensive single-case study

Q methodology [Q] is a mixed method created to scientifically study subjectivity. This study uses a single-case design that offers intense analysis regarding a previous study about freedom of speec...
E-Field Simulation and Voltage Withstand Test Analysis of Solid Insulators for AC GIS Used in High-Speed Railway Traction Substation

The solid insulators are widely used in alternating current gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment in high-speed railway traction substation. They have both mechanical support and electrical insulation functions. AC withstand voltage test is required before they are put into operation. In this paper, the series resonant circuit is theoretically analyzed, and the transient voltage change process of GIS solid insulators during sudden flashover is simulated and analyzed in the MATLAB/Simulink computing environment. The 3D electric field simulation of basin insulators and typical solid insulators with insulation support is carried out by using ANSYS electric field simulation platform. The withstand voltage test of the real interval of GIS is carried out to obtain the opening of circuit breaker. The relationship curves between Q, I and applied voltage U of solid insulator under two operating conditions are obtained. The results show that after flashover of solid insulators in series resonant circuit, the arc will be extinguished immediately after high voltage drop, and the recovery voltage will be established for a long time. The typical electric field distribution of solid insulators has concentrated area of local electric field, and flashover in field withstand voltage test starts in high field strength area. The research results of this paper provide some theoretical support for the field voltage withstand test of solid insulators used in AC GIS with series resonant circuit.
Interview 17 Philip S. Gorski

Philip Gorski is currently a professor at the Department of Sociology, co-Director of Yale’s Center for Comparative Research (CCR) and the Religion and Politics Colloquium at the Yale MacMillan Center. He gained his B.A. in social studies from Harvard College in 1986 and Ph.D. in sociology from the University of California at Berkeley in 1996. Gorski joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin at Madison immediately after he graduated and moved to Yale University in 2004. Gorski is well known as a comparative-historical sociologist with strong interests in theory, methods and modern and early modern Europe. His empirical work focuses on topics such as state-formation, nationalism, revolution, economic development and secularization with particular attention to the interaction of religion and politics. Other current interests include the philosophy and methodology of the social sciences and the nature and role of rationality in social life. His work has been recognized widely, such as Max Weber’s Economy and Society, The Protestant Ethic Revisited. And he has been the co-editor of Sociological Theory since 2004.