cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scanning tunneling microscopy of passivated Au nanocrystals immobilized on Au(111) surfaces

The surface mobility of alkanethiol-passivated Au nanocrystals on inert surfaces makes them challenging to image by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). However, the potential for obtaining information on the density of states of these nanocrystals from tunneling spectroscopy measurements justifies the effort to find sample preparations that effectively immobilize them. We have explored the use of dithiol molecules as a means of strengthening the interaction between the substrate and the nanocrystal, with the goal of imaging isolated nanocrystals on a conducting substrate. Modifying the nanocrystals by substituting dithiol molecules into the passivation layer allowed the nanocrystals to bind strongly to the Au(111) surface. The formation of a self-assembled monolayer of xylenedithiol on the Au substrate allowed unmodified nanocrystals to more strongly adsorb to this modified surface. In both cases, isolated 1.7 nm nanocrystals were easily imaged by STM on Au(111), even at room temperature. These are signi...
Interface modifications by anion receptors for high energy lithium ion batteries

Abstract Li-rich, Mn-rich (LMR) layered composite has attracted extensive interests because of its highest energy density among all cathode candidates for lithium ion batteries (LIB). However, capacity degradation and voltage fading remain the major challenges for LMR cathodes prior to their practical applications. Here, we demonstrate that anion receptor, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane ((C6F5)3B, TPFPB), substantially enhances the stability of electrode/electrolyte interface and thus improves the cycling stability of LMR cathode Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2. In the presence of 0.2 M TPFPB, Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 shows an improved capacity retention of 76.8% after 500 cycles. It is proposed that TPFPB effectively confines the highly active oxygen species released from structural lattice through its strong coordination ability and high oxygen solubility. The electrolyte decomposition caused by the oxygen species attack is therefore largely mitigated, forming reduced amount of byproducts on the cathode surface. Additionally, other salts such as insulating LiF derived from electrolyte decomposition are also soluble in the presence of TPFPB. The collective effects of TPFPB mitigate the accumulation of parasitic reaction products and stabilize the interfacial resistances between cathode and electrolyte during extended cycling, thus significantly improving the cycling performance of Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2.
Differential solubilization of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol of erythrocyte membranes by detergents

Abstract Red cell membranes were treated with increasing concentrations of Triton X-100, sodium dodecylsulfate, or sodium deoxycholate at pH 7.5, and the solubilization of total protein, total phospholipid, cholesterol, and of individual proteins and phospholipids was determined as a function of detergent concentration. The results suggest that each detergent solubilized membrane components by a different mechanism. Sodium dodecylsulfate extracted individual protein and lipids separately, each membrane component having a sigmoid extraction curve with a different dodecylsulfate concentration at midpoint. Sodium deoxycholate solubilized all proteins and phospholipids in parallel, with little fractionation, but cholesterol was not solubilized significantly until 60% of the protein and phospholipids were extracted. The data suggest that deoxycholate intially solubilizes membrane lipoproteins by displacement of cholesterol into the residual membrane matrix, followed at higher deoxycholate concentration by removal of phospholipids from both soluble and insoluble proteins into deoxycholate-phospholipid micelles which in turn solulibilize cholesterol. Triton X-100 initially solubilizes most proteins and lipids in parallel, but proteins are released faster while sphingomyelin is preferentially retained in the pellet. At higher Triton X-100 concentration, net protein solubilization ceases while residual lipids are completely solubilized.
A direct projection from the kidney to the brainstem

The double-labeling, fluorescent dye technique was used in order to demonstrate the extent to which the central processes of renal afferent neurons directly project to the brainstem. One injection of a fluorescent dye was placed in the cortex of the left kidney of male rats, and a second injection of a different dye was placed into the lower medulla. The results demonstrate that some of the renal afferents directly project to the medulla but not to higher regions of the brain. A total of approximately 8% of renal afferents were typically shown to have direct projections.
Effects of prefeeding on performance with body weight held constant

Abstract Two experiments are reported in which rats received either no prefeeding, nutritive substance prefeeding, or nonnutritive substance prefeeding prior to running in a straight alley. The running-speed data supported body weight as an overall measure of hunger drive. Performance was a function of body weight but not stomach weight or associated stomach bulk.
Further reactions of chlorine(I) and bromine(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate and bromine(I)fluorosulfate

Abstract Substitutive electrophilic dehalogenation reactions of CF3SO2OX (X=Cl,Br) are reported with some covalent inorganic chlorides. These reactions result in the formation of XX′(X,X′Cl,Br) and several new trifluoromethanesulfonate derivatives in excellent yields. Chlorine(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate also oxidatively adds to unsaturated inorganic substrates such as CO, SO2 and SF4 forming new compounds. The reactivity of CF3SO2OCl is rather similar to that of FSO2OBr and some comparisons between the two are given.
Psychometric functions and a correlation model of binaural detection

Sets of psychometric functions for the detection of tone in noise are reexamined for several interaural listening conditions. Best-fit sets of functions are determined for a “correlation” model of binaural masking level differences (MLDs). Based on only three parameters, this model predicts both the forms and relative positions of all such functions. The finding that MLDs are relatively independent of the detection level chosen for their determination is predicted by the model, and the sets of theoretical functions describe the data nearly as well as a previously determined empirical relation which requires M + 1 parameters for M curves.
Abstract A23: HER2 levels affect sensitivity and resistance to EGFR inhibition in EGFR mutant lung cancer

EGFR mutant lung cancers eventually become resistant to treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as erlotinib. The combination of an irreversible EGFR TKI, afatinib, and the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, depletes both phosphorylated and total EGFR and can overcome resistance in mouse lung tumor models and human patients with acquired resistance. Since afatinib is also a potent HER2 inhibitor, here we investigated the role of HER2 in EGFR mutant tumor cells. We show in vitro and in vivo that afatinib plus cetuximab or the related antibody, panitumumab, significantly inhibits HER2 phosphorylation. HER2 overexpression or knockdown confers resistance or sensitivity, respectively, in all studied cell line models. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis revealed that HER2 was amplified in 3 of 26 (12%) tumors with acquired resistance versus only 1 of 99 (1%) untreated lung adenocarcinomas (p=0.03 Fisher9s exact test). Notably, HER2 amplification and EGFR T790M were mutually exclusive (0 of 17 T790M-positive versus 3 of 9 T790M-negative cases (p=0.02 Fisher9s exact test)). Collectively, these results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of resistance to EGFR TKIs and provide a rationale to assess the status and possibly target HER2 in EGFR mutant tumors with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs.
Feeding behaviors of transition dairy cows fed glycerol as a replacement for corn

Abstract Feed sorting is a natural behavior of dairy cows that can result in inconsistencies in the nutritive value of a total mixed ration (TMR). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing high-moisture corn with glycerol on feed sorting and the feed intake pattern of transition dairy cows. Multiparous Holstein cows (n=26) were paired by expected calving date, housed in individual tie stalls, and fed diets containing either glycerol or high-moisture corn once daily from d −28 to +56 relative to calving. Glycerol was included at 11.5 and 10.8% of the ration dry matter for the pre- and postpartum diets, respectively. The feed consumption pattern was determined by measuring TMR disappearance during the intervals from 0 to 4h, 4 to 8h, 8 to 12h, and 12 to 24h relative to feed delivery. Feed sorting was determined on d −16, −9, 9, 16, and 51 relative to calving at 4, 8, 12 and 24h after feeding. The TMR particle size profile was determined at feed delivery and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 after feed delivery by using the Penn State Particle Separator (Nasco, Fort Atkinson, WI) to yield long (>19mm), medium ( 8mm), short ( 1.18mm), and fine (
Continuous catalytic deoxygenation of model and algal lipids to fuel-like hydrocarbons over Ni–Al layered double hydroxide

Abstract The deoxygenation of lipid-based feeds to diesel-like hydrocarbons was investigated over a series of oxide-supported Ni catalysts. Catalyst screening in a semi-batch reactor revealed that a Ni–Al layered double hydroxide formulation afforded a higher yield of hydrocarbons in the diesel range than 20 wt% Ni/Al2O3, 20 wt% Ni/ZrO2, 20 wt% and Ni/La-CeO2 (lanthanum-stabilized ceria). Through a series of fixed bed reactor experiments involving model lipids in which reaction conditions – including temperature, hydrogen partial pressure and feed to catalyst ratio – were systematically changed, the effects of these variables on catalyst performance were elucidated. Based on the results of these experiments the optimum set of conditions was identified and applied to the conversion of realistic feeds, including the oil extracted from algae cultured using flue gas from a coal-fired power plant. Catalyst stability studies showed Ni–Al layered double hydroxide to be a stable formulation, no significant loss of activity being observed between 6 and 72 h on stream under conditions known to promote catalyst deactivation, namely the use of an unsaturated feed – comprising both a triglyceride and a considerable amount of free fatty acids – in high concentration.
Structural change in a globalized Asia: macro trends and US policy challenges

Abstract In this paper, we focus on directional and structural change in developing Asian trade patterns, with a focus on economic interaction with the United States (and using the EU as a benchmark). Several important results from the analysis are that: (1) while private-sector-led regional integration in Asia has increased for most developing Asian countries (in some cases, impressively), the United States remains the region’s single most important export market; (2) the trade structure of developing Asian countries has changed significantly over the past decade, a result that resonates with the literature on structural transformation in developing Asia; (3) the economic dynamism of developing Asian exports is consistent with the changes in trade with the United States (and the EU); and (4) SITC 7, which is the most sophisticated sector of the SITC groups, has become the most important sector for most developing Asian exports (and imports), and the US market has been a key protagonist in this process. In addition, the paper considers emerging policy challenges in developing the US–Asian economic relationship at various levels, using the Viet Nam–US Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) as an ex post case study and considering a number of ex ante initiatives that are currently being developed.
Guinean coastal rainfall of the West African Monsoon

The nature and variability of the springtime rainfall onset at the Guinean coast is explored. The coastal onset is defined as the time when the oceanic extent of the rain band crosses the Equator. The oceanic extent is defined as the location where the rain rate falls below 2 mm day−1. The mean coastal onset averaged over 1979–2009 from Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) rainfall data is on 11 May with a standard deviation of 14.5 days. This result is robust and seen in different rainfall products. The coastal rainfall demise is determined as the time when simultaneously the peak rainfall at the coast weakens and the rainfall over the Sahel intensifies. The mean coastal demise is 26 June with a standard deviation of 9.5 days. This implies that the mean length of the coastal phase is 47 days with a standard deviation of 13 days. The coastal onset and its demise are primarily driven by changes in sea-surface temperature (SST) between the Guinean coast and the Equator. There exists a 301 K threshold below which the equatorial cold tongue develops rapidly and leads to the coastal onset 10 days later. The same threshold applies to SSTs near the coast, where the water cooling precedes the end of the coastal rain phase by 16 days. Sea-surface temperature anomalies in the southeast Atlantic in winter are potentially a predictor for the coastal rainfall variability in spring. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Thermocapillary instability of a viscoelastic liquid layer

The stability of a layer of viscoelastic fluid heated from below is studied in the case that the instability is driven by surface-tension gradients at the upper surface. The operative parameter for instability is the Marangoni number and the critical value of this parameter is calculated as a function of Prandtl number, heat-transfer coefficient and elasticity parameters. It is shown that when the elasticity is very small instability sets in as steady convection, as for a Newtonian fluid, but at larger elasticities oscillatory convection is the first mode of instability to appear.
Biodiesel combustion: Advances in chemical kinetic modeling

Burgeoning global demand for energy has increased concerns about the fuel security issues and deleterious environmental impacts that result from the ubiquitous use of fossil fuels to meet these needs. This article is a review of completed work towards the goal of creating chemical kinetic mechanisms for biodiesel, which will aid in the development of clean and efficient combustors that utilize alternative fuels. As the composition of biodiesel is too complex to directly model, efforts have instead focused on the development of mechanisms for surrogates, simpler molecules that can produce the primary characteristics of biodiesel combustion. Research initially targeted smaller molecules like methyl butanoate to investigate the role of the characteristic ester group that is present in the fatty acid alkyl esters that comprise biodiesel. The study of isomers and similar unsaturated compounds elucidated the effects of molecular structure on combustion. Subsequent efforts involved the study of larger molecules that are close in scale to biodiesel molecules, such as methyl decanoate, as well as molecules that are present in biodiesel, such as methyl stearate. Applications of kinetic modeling demonstrate its utility in the study of combustion through, for example, revealing the chemistry in the early formation of CO2 in biodiesel and its soot reduction tendencies. The results of this review illustrate key limitations in kinetic modeling, namely a need for high-pressure kinetic methodology and a need for continuous improvement of kinetic mechanisms through theory and experiment. These limitations suggest direction for future research; further experimental and theoretical work will produce accurate mechanisms for appropriate biodiesel surrogates. All of these efforts represent significant advances in kinetic modeling that are important towards the goal of building a predictive capability for biodiesel combustion. Such predictive capability will aid the development of combustion technologies that will help society meet its energy needs in an environmentally conscious manner.
The Effects of Digital Quantization Error on Speech Intelligibility and Perceived Speech Quality

The effects of digital quantization error upon speech intelligibility and perceived speech quality, for normally hearing subjects, were investigated for digitized speech processed to simulate 6-, 8...
A comparison of grading rubrics for professional seminars given by doctor of pharmacy candidates

Abstract Objective To compare a numeric grade-based rubric, previously developed by the Auburn University, Harrison School of Pharmacy for assessing fourth-year Doctor of Pharmacy student professional seminar presentations, to a newly developed pass/fail rubric. Methods A research group was assembled for this study that consisted of five faculty members and the school's assessment director. The research group reviewed a random sampling of 25% ( n = 32) of the 2011 graduating class's seminar presentations using the newly developed pass/fail rubric. Of those selected, the seminar presentation was viewed via digital or DVD recordings and graded by three members of the research group. These assessments were then compared to the actual grade received with the old, numeric-based rubric in 2010–2011. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test for paired comparisons was employed to compare the scores with the old and new grading rubrics. Results None of the students in the sample failed the professional seminar with utilization of the old, numeric-based rubric. However, the failure rate increased significantly [65.6% ( n = 21), p Conclusions Utilization of the new pass/fail rubric provides a more rigorous system of grading student presentations than the old numeric-based rubric.
Mindfulness and heart rate variability in individuals with high and low generalized anxiety symptoms

Mindfulness has been incorporated into several treatment approaches for psychopathology. Despite the popularity of this approach, relatively few empirical investigations have examined the relationship between mindfulness and autonomic indicators of flexible emotion regulation, such as heart rate variability (HRV). Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been associated with both low levels of mindfulness and HRV. In this investigation, we examined the relationship between HRV and mindfulness in the context of elevated generalized anxiety (GA) symptoms--an analog for GAD--by examining whether GA level moderated this relationship. HRV was collected while participants completed self-report measures of GA and trait mindfulness. GA level interacted with mindfulness in the prediction of HRV; in the high GA, but not low GA group, mindfulness was positively associated with HRV. This suggests that for individuals with high GA, mindfulness may enhance parasympathetic influences on the heart rate. We address the limitations of the current investigation and suggest avenues for future research on mindfulness-related changes in tonic and phasic HRV over time.
Three distinct porosity domains defined physically, hydraulically, electrically, and elastically

The goal of rock physics analysis is to explore relationships between geophysical observations and physical properties in earth materials. Historically, rock physics theory and empirical relationships have been used to constrain porosity estimates, leading to improved reservoir, environmental, and geotechnical characterizations. In this paper, we discuss three total porosity domains, each with differing physical, hydraulic, elastic, and electrical properties. These porosity domains are separated by the system's porous percolation threshold and critical porosity, both of which can be estimated using percolation theory.
A predictive model of shoulder instability after a first-time anterior shoulder dislocation.

Introduction Management of a first-time anterior shoulder dislocation (FTASD) involves important clinical and policy decisions. Predictive disease modeling can improve the quality of information disseminated in treatment discussions. In this paper, we describe a general-purpose, publicly available model and illustrate its potential as a tool for management of a FTASD. Methods A Markov decision model of the natural history of a FTASD was constructed. Outcome probabilities and effectiveness were derived from the literature or estimated by expert opinion where necessary. Outcomes were the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) and the probability of a patient experiencing recurrent instability, undergoing surgical stabilization, and having a stable shoulder at 10 years. The model was both internally and externally validated. Outcomes were examined for specific cases. Results The model was effectively externally validated against two studies, a Swedish prospective cohort of Hovelius et al and Botonni et al’s military cohort. It can produce detailed outcome predictions for individuals; eg, an 18-year-old man has a 77% risk of dislocation in year 1 and a 32% chance of having a stable shoulder in 10 years. Conclusion Detailed and specific information about prognosis is critical in the management of a FTASD. Disease modeling lends itself well to these needs and allows improved shared decision-making. Our model was externally validated and can predict specific outcomes. As a publically available resource, it will allow physicians to accurately predict the expected outcome of treatment based on covariates, patient demographics, and their own surgical success rates.
Accountable proof of ownership for data using timing element in cloud services

While many cloud storage and infrastructure systems exist today, none of them provide a mechanism for accountability of stored or user generated content. This lack of security support has been a major hurdle for auditing documents, claiming data possession, and proof of authorship. In this paper, we present a novel idea for secure accountability of timing element for data in massively scalable systems. The proposed scheme allows a service provider to incorporate timing accountability of data generated at the provider, by requesting proofs from accountability servers in the cloud. Additionally, the size of the proof is independent of the data size and is a unique feature of our system design. The scalability of the system have been evaluated using the Amazon EC2.
STUDIES OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR THE GROWTH OF HUMAN TUMOR CELLS.

Abstract The development and assay of a culture medium which will support the rapid growth of certain human tumor cells has been described. This culture medium can be used with serum supplements of less than 1 per cent for cell growth on glass, and without serum for suspension cultures. Insulin is an essential component. Supplementation with 0.05 to 5 per cent bovine albumin is desirable for suspension cultures, although slow growth rates can be maintained in its absence.
Wearable sensors in ecological rehabilitation environments

Rehabilitation after injury or stroke is a long process towards regaining function, mobility, and independence. Changes exhibited in these areas tend to be subtle and highly dependent on the patient, their injury, and the intensity of rehabilitation efforts. To provide a fine-grained assessment of patient progress, we undertook a study to quantitatively capture movements during inpatient rehabilitation. We utilized wearable inertial sensors to collect data from participants receiving therapy services at an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Participant performance was recorded in an ecological environment on a sequence of ambulatory tasks. A custom software system was developed to process sensor signals and compute metrics describing ambulation. A comparison of metrics one week apart suggests quantifiable changes in movement.
Machine visual perception based on symbolic two dimensional shape description. I.

Abstract In Part I of this paper we presented a method for the generation of symbolic two-dimensional shape description. In Part II we analyse that method. We also describe a knowledgebased system that uses the symbolic shape description for a shape arrangement application.
Energy-centric enabling tecumologies for wireless sensor networks

Distributed networks of thousands of collaborating microsensors promise a maintenance-free, fault-tolerant platform for gathering rich multidimensional observations of the environment. Because a microsensor node must operate for years on a tiny battery, researchers must apply innovative system-level techniques to eliminate energy inefficiencies that would have been overlooked in the past. In this article we advocate two particular enablers for energy conservation: the ability to trade off performance for energy savings within the node; and collaborative processing among nodes to reduce the overall energy dissipated in the network. New levels of energy efficiency - attained through global system-level perspectives on node and network energy consumption - will enable a future where networks of hundreds, thousands, and eventually many millions of collaborating nodes are as commonplace as today's cellular phone.
Frequency and Species Distribution of Gliotoxin-Producing Aspergillus Isolates Recovered from Patients at a Tertiary-Care Cancer Center

Aspergillus isolates (n = 103) collected from cancer patients were screened to determine the taxonomic distribution and quantity of gliotoxin production. Gliotoxin was detected in 93% of Aspergillus fumigatus, 75% of A. niger, 25% of A. terreus, and 4% of A. flavus cultures. Gliotoxin concentrations were highest in cultures of A. fumigatus.
Re-Conceptualizing the Linked Courses Model

To help students meet the demands of society, the University of Houston is using the framework of learning communities and constructivism to create a cross-disciplinary approach to teaching to provide media-rich thematically linked courses to engage a diverse student population. A case study investigated three semesters of thematically linked courses, Places in Time and Multicultural America, that used a thematic crossdisciplinary approach to curriculum involving the History and English departments, the Instructional Technology Program, the University Writing Center, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. During this study, the need for a new linked courses model evolved that supports the inclusion of university and community resources.
Transactional Procedures Misunderstood

JOHN SPIEGEL'S Transactions: The Interplay Between Individual, Family, and Society (1) contains material of considerable interest for inquirers in many fields. Two lengthy opening chapters describe Spiegel's understanding of Dewey and Bentley's transactional procedures of inquiry. Later sections are devoted to social roles, family transactions, transactions in psychotherapy, and transactions in community conflict. Spiegel is a psychoanalytically-trained psychiatrist who took further training in the social sciences. His early work on war neuroses, based largely on traditional psychoanalytic notions, led him to search for more adequate procedures of inquiry. He found much that was helpful in Alfred N. Whitehead's process philosophy, although he concluded that Whitehead was "too much the Platonist, conducting a love affair with ideas" (p. 10). Many of the defects in Whitehead's platonism, in Spiegel's view, are remedied in the more "down-to-earth" procedures recommended by John Dewey and Arthur Bentley in their Knowing and the Known (2). Although Spiegel disagrees with Dewey and Bentley on some crucial points, and commendably does not wish to accept any authority uncritically, he believes that many human problems are best investigated using transactional procedures. He says: "transactional concepts based on the DeweyBentley thesis have been making a slow but steady progress in certain areas of the behavioral sciences. 'Transactionism' is likely to become a program of some importance to the future, and a critical review is desirable before it wins a wider audience" (p. 30). The dust jacket of Spiegel's book contains "rave review" comments by numerous influential behavioral scientists; perhaps Spiegel's interpretation of Dewey and Bentley's work will be regarded by many as an adequate guide. For example, Lee Rainwater, a Harvard sociologist, says: "Many readers across a broad range of social and psychological endeavors, both theoretical and practical, will realize for the first time, I believe, what transactional theory is, and will see that it really may give them some help." A detailed analysis of Spiegel's interpretation seems warranted both because of its interest and the high regard some of the critics have for his work.
Climate Change Vulnerability and Policy Support

Climate scientists note that the effects of climate change vary regionally. Citizen willingness to absorb the costs of adaptation and mitigation policies may correspond with these place-specific effects. Geographic information systems (GIS) analytic techniques are used to map and measure survey respondents' climate change risk at various levels of spatial resolution and precision. Spatial data are used to analyze multiple measures of climate change vulnerability along with demographic, attitudinal, and perception-based variables derived from a representative national survey of U.S. residents to predict variation in support for interventionist climate change policies. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression results show that objective risk measures explain a modest amount of variation in our dependent variable. The effect of risk perception on climate policy support is far more robust. Of all variables examined, the extent to which citizens regard climate change as threatening to their material well-being ...
Applications of liquid chromatographic-fluorometric systems in neurochemistry

Abstract The coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with on-line fluorometric detection has resulted in powerful, yet simple, analytical systems capable of great sensitivity and selectivity. We review the application of liquid chromatographic-fluorometric (LC-F) systems to the determination of catecholamine and indoleamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in physiological samples. The determinations using LC-F systems are compared most thoroughly to alternative liquid chromatographic-electrochemical (LC-EC) methods in terms of practicality, selectivity, and sensitivity.
BROWN PODZOLIC SOILS AND THEIR STATUS IN BRITAIN

Summary The characteristics are outlined of freely drained soils, transitional in location, morphology and chemistry between modal Brown Earths and Peaty Podzols, which occur widely in western and upland Britain. They have been classified in a number of ways, which are discussed with reference to a review of American and European treatment of Brown Podzolic Soils. Although precise definition in terms of chemistry is not possible, evidence supports the continued distinction of such soils as Brown Podzolic Soils (or Sols Bruns Podzoliques) considered as a sub-group of Podzolized Soils.
Bashō’s Therapy for Narcissus: Nature as Intimate Other and Transpersonal Self

The mythical Narcissus alienated himself not only from other people but from the nonhuman beings and presences of the natural world. Gazing into a beautiful pond he saw merely his personal reflection and absolutely nothing of nature. A similar dissociation haunts our existence today, impoverishing both humankind and the rest of nature. The Zen poet Matsuo Bashō’s also had a famous encounter with an old pond, but in a radically different way. Guided by Bashō’s poetry together with the existential and transpersonal streams of Buddhist psychology, the present work explores how we may welcome nature as an intimate other and as our transpersonal self. Bashō’s therapy for Narcissus—and for us—illuminates the “normal” narcissism of our conventional ego-centered stance and fosters a nondual, participatory, eco-centered approach, one that is mutually enhancing for all participants in the shared earth community, human and otherwise.
The khojahs of Indo‐Pakistan: the quest for an Islamic identity

(1987). The khojahs of Indo‐Pakistan: the quest for an Islamic identity. Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs. Journal: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 31-41.
Regressive Changes in External Indicators of Laying Condition Following Cessation of Laying

ABSTRACT EXTERNAL traits of the hen, in particular the comb, vent, and pubic bones, are used as indicators of current egg production. Comparative descriptions of these traits for layers and non-layers may be found in any standard poultry text. A detailed description is given by Rice et al. (1930), who credit Walter Hogan as first describing the modern method of identifying the laying hen. These external criteria were apparently established by observing pullets as they came into production. There is little or no information on the rate of regression of these external traits when laying stops. The regression of the hen’s reproductive organs, however, has been described in an earlier paper (Smith et al., 1957). The purpose of this study was to determine the changes that occur in these external indicators when the hen has been out of production for varying lengths of time up to 100 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Hematoporphyrin can inhibit the metabolism and growth of embryonic chicken cartilage in vitro.

Hematoporphyrin (HP) derivatives have been recognized chiefly as growth inhibitors of neoplastic tissues within the context of tumor phototherapy. We investigated the possibility that HP may also modify the growth potential of rapidly growing nonneoplastic tissues and describe the effect of HP on the metabolism and growth of embryonic chick cartilage in vitro. In the embryonic chick pelvic rudiment prolonged organ-culture bioassay, pelvic rudiment growth was significantly inhibited when HP 0.01 mmol/L was added to the culture medium (after 5 days in organ culture, weight increment in presence of serum + 136% +/- 12% v + 90% +/- 8% in presence of serum plus HP 0.01 mmol/L and + 43% +/- 10% in presence of serum plus HP 0.025 mmol/L, P less than .001). Inhibition of cartilage growth was irreversible if HP was added to the culture medium without serum for 2 days, but partial reversibility was observed when hypophysectomized rat serum was present during that period. Therefore, the protective effect of serum was apparently unrelated to pituitary-dependent growth factors. Binding of HP to albumin did not eliminate its inhibitory effects. Uridine incorporation into RNA and, to a lesser extent, sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans were reduced in cartilage incubated overnight with HP. Our study shows that HP can exert partially reversible inhibition of cartilage metabolism and growth suggesting potentially novel tissue actions for this compound.
Computerized tomographic morphometric analysis of subaxial cervical spine pedicles in young asymptomatic volunteers.

Background: Although cervical spine pedicle screws have been shown to provide excellent fixation, widespread acceptance of their use is limited because of the risk of injury to the spinal cord, nerve roots, and vertebral arteries. The risks of pedicle screw insertion in the cervical spine can be mitigated by a three-dimensional appreciation of pedicle anatomy. Normative data on three-dimensional subaxial pedicle geometry from a large, young, and asymptomatic North American population are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to determine three-dimensional subaxial pedicle geometry in a large group of young volunteers and to determine level and sex-specific morphologic differences. Methods: Helical computerized tomography scans were made from the third cervical to the seventh cervical vertebra in ninety-eight volunteers (sixty-three men and thirty-five women) with an average age of twenty-five years. Pedicle width, height, length, and transverse and sagittal angulations were measured bilaterally. Pedicle screw insertion positions were quantified in terms of mediolateral and superoinferior offsets relative to readily identifiable landmarks. Results: The mean pedicle width and height at all subaxial levels were sufficient to accommodate 3.5-mm screws in 98% of the volunteers. Pedicle width and height dimensions of <4.0 mm were rare (observed in association with only 1.7% of the pedicles), with 82% occurring in women and 72% occurring unilaterally. Screw insertion positions generally moved medially and superiorly at caudal levels. Transverse angulation was approximately 45° at the third to fifth cervical levels and was less at more caudal levels. Sagittal angulation changed from a cranial orientation at superior levels to a caudal orientation at inferior levels. Mediolateral and superoinferior insertion positions and sagittal angulations were significantly dependent (p < 0.05) on sex and spinal level. Transverse angulation was significantly dependent (p < 0.05) on spinal level. Conclusions: Pedicle screw insertion points and orientation are significantly different (p < 0.05) at most subaxial cervical levels and between men and women. Preoperative imaging studies should be carefully templated for pedicle size in all patients on a level-specific basis. Although the prevalence was low, women were more likely to have pedicle width and height dimensions of <4.0 mm. Clinical Relevance: The present study provides normative data on subaxial cervical pedicle geometry from a large sample of young, healthy men and women. The data may be useful for preoperative planning for pedicle screw fixation.
Modeling total dissolved gas production and transport downstream of spillways: Three‐dimensional development and applications

Abstract Challenges a resource manager encounters concerning water quality downstream of dam spillways are well documented. The plunging and air‐entraining nature of spillway flows can lead to supersaturated water downstream of the dam. A multi‐dimensional numerical model is developed for predicting total dissolved gas (TDG) production and transport downstream of a hydropower dam spillway. The model is based on the Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes equations for flow hydrodynamics and a total dissolved gas model that incorporates the gas production, exchange and transport physics. A three‐dimensional version of the model is calibrated using one set of available field data with a moderate flow discharge. The applicable range of the model is established by applying the calibrated model to different spillway discharges and comparing results with field data. The model is then validated with TDG field data available for Wanapum Dam and applied to two practical engineering problems. The simulations successfully r...
Development of self‐concept, delay of gratification and self‐control and disadvantaged preschool children's achievement gain

Disadvantaged preschool children (N = 156) attending a program of compensatory education were studied to determine if change in self‐concept, delay of gratification and self control was related to growth in achievement. Self‐concept growth and a decline in delay of gratification was found related to growth in achievement for the girls. Growth in self‐control was found related to growth in achievement for the boys.
Specificity of DNA-binding by the FAX-1 and NHR-67 nuclear receptors of Caenorhabditis elegans is partially mediated via a subclass-specific P-box residue

The nuclear receptors of the NR2E class play important roles in pattern formation and nervous system development. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of DNA-binding domains, we define two conserved groups of orthologous NR2E genes: the NR2E1 subclass, which includes C. elegans nhr-67, Drosophila tailless and dissatisfaction, and vertebrate Tlx (NR2E2, NR2E4, NR2E1), and the NR2E3 subclass, which includes C. elegans fax-1 and vertebrate PNR (NR2E5, NR2E3). PNR and Tll nuclear receptors have been shown to bind the hexamer half-site AAGTCA, instead of the hexamer AGGTCA recognized by most other nuclear receptors, suggesting unique DNA-binding properties for NR2E class members. We show that NR2E3 subclass member FAX-1, unlike NHR-67 and other NR2E1 subclass members, binds to hexamer half-sites with relaxed specificity: it will bind hexamers with the sequence ANGTCA, although it prefers a purine to a pyrimidine at the second position. We use site-directed mutagenesis to demonstrate that the difference between FAX-1 and NHR-67 binding preference is partially mediated by a conserved subclass-specific asparagine or aspartate residue at position 19 of the DNA-binding domain. This amino acid position is part of the "P box" that plays a critical role in defining binding site specificity and has been shown to make hydrogen-bond contacts to the second position of the hexamer in co-crystal structures for other nuclear receptors. The relaxed specificity allows FAX-1 to bind a much larger repertoire of half-sites than NHR-67. While NR2E1 class proteins bind both monomeric and dimeric sites, the NR2E3 class proteins bind only dimeric sites. The presence of a single strong site adjacent to a very weak site allows dimeric FAX-1 binding, further increasing the number of dimeric binding sites to which FAX-1 may bind in vivo. These findings identify subclass-specific DNA-binding specificities and dimerization properties for the NR2E1 and NR2E3 subclasses. For the NR2E1 protein NHR-67, Asp-19 permits binding to AAGTCA half-sites, while Asn-19 permits binding to AGGTCA half-sites. The apparent conservation of DNA-binding properties between vertebrate and nematode NR2E receptors allows for the possibility of evolutionarily-conserved regulatory patterns.
“Suppose the World Were Already Lost”: Worst Case Design and the Engineering Imagination at Harvey Mudd College

This article investigates the origins, goals, and outcomes of modern design-based engineering education in the USA by analyzing an interdisciplinary project that asked students to collaboratively prepare for nuclear holocaust. Project NOAH, conducted at Harvey Mudd College, a pioneering institution in student-centered engineering education, generated national publicity and established an approach to design pedagogy that was observed, appropriated, and developed in parallel elsewhere. In addition to an exploration of the Cold War transformations of the meaning of design in US engineering education, Project NOAH offers three insights for today's efforts to cultivate students’ design imagination. First, it reveals how the project's creators conceived of interdisciplinary problem-based design education as “good” engineering amid competing institutional, pedagogical, and societal contestations about the future of the profession. Second, it highlights the persistence of individual and collective tensions encoun...
Spin textures in few electron quantum dots

Abstract In this paper, we comment on the detection of spin textures by Coulomb and spin blockade in few electron lateral dots. These correlated states occur as brief spin depolarization interludes during the spin polarization of a quantum dot with a magnetic field. These states are found to possess unusual characteristics in both current stripes and Coulomb diamonds. The same features are found both in the complicated regime of the last spin flip and for the simple case of the second spin flip.
Impact of Implementation of a Pediatric Surgery Fellowship on General Surgery Resident Operative Volume

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the initiation of a pediatric surgery fellowship on general surgery resident operative volume at 1 major academic institution. Design Retrospective review of operative records obtained from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) general surgery resident and pediatric surgery fellow case logs. Data collected included number and type of pediatric index cases per year, number of total pediatric surgery cases per year, and number of total cases logged as primary surgeon to date. Setting Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Surgery, which has an accredited general surgery program, finishes 7 chief residents per year during the study period, and instituted a new pediatric surgery fellowship in 2007. Participants Case logs submitted by third and fourth year general surgery residents and first and second year pediatric surgery fellows were studied. Results The number of pediatric attending surgeons, relative value units (RVUs), and hospital admissions increased from 2003 to 2011. The median number of pediatric index cases performed by a resident decreased after the onset of fellowship from 34 cases to 23.5 cases per year (p Conclusions Even with an increase in the number of attending surgeons, RVUs, and admissions, the fellowship resulted in a decrease in general surgery resident index and overall case volume in pediatric surgery. Although operative volume is only 1 measure of surgical educational value, these findings suggest that the addition of surgical fellowships affects the educational experience of general surgery residents. We recommend that residency programs establish goals and calculate any potential impact on general surgery resident case volume before initiating a new surgical fellowship.
NETWARS: Toward the Definition of a Unified Framework for Modeling and Simulation of Joint Communication Systems

Information superiority is one of the key challenges of a 21st century force and is achieved by digitization of the battlespace which, on the one hand, is expected to provide significant enhanced capabilities in terms of survivability, lethality, and operational tempo and, on the other hand, will require the specification and accommodation of legacy and new communications systems. Accordingly and to substantially reduce the time needed to conduct performance communications analyses for any given Joint Task Force Scenario, a modeling and simulation tool called Network Warfare Simulation (NETWARS) is being developed. This tool will provide to all the services a joint modeling and simulation shared and distributed environment over the DoD's classified internet [the Secret Internet Protocol Router NETwork (SIPRNET)], that allows it to perform communication burden analysis, contingency analysis and emerging technology analysis in the joint arena. It is based on a commercial, off-the-shelf simulation engine called OPNET and is designed to deal with large scale military networks, allow automatic integration at the simulation level of heterogeneous Information Exchange Requirement (IERs) databases, movement, environmental factors and terrain effects. The NETWARS tool is based on a modeling and simulation methodology that will guarantee interoperability and re-usability of current and future communication models.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Refractive index change and presensitization using 172-nm excimer lamp

Refractive index change and presensitization effect induced by irradiation of a xenon excimer lamp (λ=172nm) is studied. The refractive index changes over 0.005 and 0.003 are confirmed in hydrogenated and presensitized fibers respectively.
Can Romantic Comedy Be Gay?: Hollywood Romance, Citizenship, and Same-Sex Marriage Panic

This article links recent trends in romantic comedy to the debate about same-sex marriage. By comparing contemporary heterosexual romantic comedies to same-sex romantic comedies, it argues that Hollywood colludes with efforts by the state and the conservative Right to ensure that heterosexuality remains the privileged mode of desire and marriage, the sanctioned form of bonding. The unarticulated anxiety over same-sex marriage is thus revealed to be the potential loss of marriage as a means of disciplining desire to a heterosexual end. Ultimately, romantic comedy is a genre about citizenship, impressing on viewers the form their desire must take for full citizenship to be granted.