cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Origin and practical significance of the sticky dough factor in 1BL/1RS wheats

When translocated into wheat, the short arm of the 1R chromosome of rye carries with it linked resistance genes to powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust. The translocation is also reported to increase yield potential of hard wheats. However, many doughs made from some 1BL/1RS hard wheats are unacceptable for breadmaking purposes because of excessive stickiness and mixing intolerance. 1BL/1RS wheats may be sticky because of: the inheritance of secalin proteins from rye and absence of key glutenin subunits; higher amounts and/or differences in the composition of cell wall polysaccharides, β-glucans and pentosans; and/or the presence of a ferulic acid ester moiety residing with the water-soluble fraction of 1BL/1RS flours. None of these hypotheses has been proven or disproven, to date, as a cause of excessive stickiness. Investigators have found that 1BL/1RS doughs are not uniformly sticky and are in some instances less sticky than non-1BL/1RS doughs. Significant genotype–environment interactions have been reported for dough stickiness and flour quality characteristics of 1BL/1RS wheats. Investigators have generally failed to find significant differences in the breadmaking performance of 1BL/1RS and non-1BL/1RS hard wheats despite a report that 1BL/1RS doughs break down and soften during high-speed mixing. The 1BL/1RS translocation has been shown to reduce cookie spread of soft wheat flours but has no deleterious effects on cake volume or texture. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategic Judging Under the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines: Positive Political Theory and Evidence

We present a positive political theory of criminal sentencing and test it using data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission. Under the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, judges can use “offense-level adjustments” (fact-based decision making) to lengthen or shorten the Guidelines' presumptive sentences. Judges also can use “departures” from the Guidelines (law-based decision making) to lengthen or shorten sentences. In general, departures are reviewed more strictly than adjustments by circuit (appeals) courts. Our theory predicts that a sentencing judge politically aligned with the circuit court will be more likely to alter sentences through sentencing departures than a judge not so aligned with the circuit; by contrast, our theory predicts that judges can more freely use fact-oriented adjustments to alter sentences, regardless of the circuit court's sentencing policy preferences. Our analysis of federal sentencing data largely supports the theory's predictions regarding the use of adjustments and departures and the impact of political alignment between higher courts and sentencing judges.
Hostile remixes on YouTube: A new constraint on pro‐FARC counterpublics in Colombia

Online video streaming marks a participatory turn in Colombia's propaganda war. To understand this shift, I analyze a video the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) produced of its kidnapping of 12 provincial parliamentarians in 2002, tracing fragments of that video as they “recombine” online in two other videos that antagonistically resignify the original. I conduct the same exercise with footage of the Colombian military's rescue of Ingrid Betancourt and 14 other hostages in 2008 and contrast its celebratory recombinations with those of the FARC video. Building on Michael Warner's theory of publics and counterpublics and Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of “re-accentuation,” I argue that “recombinatory circulation” reproduces the biases of Colombia's mass media, constraining pro-FARC counterpublics. I contextualize the circulation analysis with ethnography focused on former hostages, demobilized rebels, and military intelligence officials. Beyond Colombia, I argue for converting interactive circulation into an empirical and analytical prism to illuminate the politics of online publics.
Use of Aerosolized Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Treatment of Plastic Bronchitis

OBJECTIVETo present a case of nebulized tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) treatment for symptomatic plastic bronchitis in a pediatric patient years after a Fontan procedure.CASE SUMMARYA 13-year-old boy with a history of corrected congenital heart disease was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after 2 weeks of worsening respiratory distress. A chest radiograph and subsequent bronchoscopy revealed extensive mucus plugging due to plastic bronchitis. Casts reaccumulated quickly after manual removal of the mucus and a regimen of aerosolized t-PA was initiated to break down the casts and prevent further cast formation over the 17-day hospital course. The treatment was successful and the patient was discharged home without evidence of bronchial casts.DISCUSSIONPlastic bronchitis is a potentially devastating condition in which pulmonary infiltrates line the bronchial tree, forming casts and prohibiting effective oxygen exchange. There are few effective treatment options for this condition. The use o...
ALFENTANIL PLASMA CONCENTRATION v. EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS IN CARDIAC SURGICAL PATIENTS

Effects of alfentanil, preceded by lorazepam, on suppression of haemodynamic and somatic responses to noxious stimuli was studied in patients undergoing CABG. Plasma concentration of alfentanil, somatic and haemodynamic responses were measured at loss of consciousness, tracheal intubation, sternotomy and during multiple application of electrocoagulation. Additional alfentanil was administered i.v. to control unwanted responses. Study 1 (six patients): lorazepam 0.08 mg kg-1 by mouth 1-2 h before operation, alfentanil priming infusion (60 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 10 min) followed by maintenance infusion (4.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1). With mean plasma alfentanil 1178 (SEM 54) ng ml-1, two patients required supplementary alfentanil to suppress somatic motor responses; one patients required nitroglycerin to control an increase in arterial pressure which was unresponsive to additional alfentanil following sternotomy. Study 2 (13 patients): lorazepam 0.04 mg kg-1 by mouth as premedication; one of three maintenance infusion rates of alfentanil: 5.4 (n = 4), 6.6 (n = 5), or 7.8 (n = 4) micrograms kg-1 min-1, each preceded by a proportional priming infusion. With plasma alfentanil 2181 (62) ng ml-1, somatic motor responses requiring additional alfentanil occurred in nine patients; haemodynamic responses in four of seven patients tested could not be controlled by alfentanil. The highest plasma concentration of alfentanil to prevent response to a stimulus other than tracheal intubation was different between the two studies (P less than 0.05). We conclude that alfentanil alone is insufficient to suppress haemodynamic and somatic motor responses to noxious stimulation during CABG and that the role of premedication is significant.
Influenza Vaccination in the Emergency Department: Are Our Patients at Risk?

Abstract Background: Influenza is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality annually. Vaccination strategies target high-risk patients. The percentage of Emergency Department (ED) patients at high risk is largely unknown. Objectives: The percentage of patients at high risk for influenza was determined and compared to the United States (US) population. Methods: Medical records of a convenience sample of all patients presenting to the ED of a university-affiliated hospital in Tucson, Arizona from February 1–7, 2006 were reviewed (n = 1359). Patients were stratified as 1) at high risk for influenza or its complications, 2) health care workers (HCW), household contacts of high-risk patients, and other target populations, and (3) otherwise healthy adults. Additionally, vaccination status and prior ED utilization within that season's vaccination period was determined. Results: Of all patients presenting to the ED, 41.5% were at high risk for influenza or its complications (US 30.8%, p p p
Feeling the Pinch: Child Spacing and Constraints on Parental Economic Investments in Children

In this study we address the relationship between an often overlooked dimension of [U.S.] family structure--the spacing between childrens births--and the degree to which parents bestow economic capital on their children. Our focus is on parental economic transfers to children at the point when such investments are not viewed as obligatory--that is when their children approach young adulthood. Analysis of data from High School and Beyond documents a strong negative effect of close spacing on three indicators of parental economic investments. The use of alternative measures of spacing produces strikingly similar patterns. These results underscore the importance of examining spacing as it relates to parental investments and the utility of studying sheer economic exchanges not just social ones across generations. (EXCERPT)
Ethnic differences in essential tremor.

Background: Ethnic differences in the clinical characteristics (severity and distribution) of essential tremor (ET) have not been studied. The presence of these differences suggests that ET is not a homogeneous disease and that there is variability in disease expression under different circumstances. As part of a community-based study, we evaluated a multiethnic group of cases. Objective: To assess whether there are ethnic differences in the clinical characteristics of ET. Methods: Elderly residents of Washington Heights‐ Inwood, New York, were enrolled in a community-based health study (N = 2117). Participants underwent a medical interview and a neurological examination conducted by a neurologist, and subjects with ET were identified. These subjects with ET were then enrolled in a communitybased study of ET and underwent a tremor interview, a videotaped tremor examination, and in some cases, a performance-based test of function and quantitative computerized tremor analysis. A total tremor score (range, 0-36, with 0 indicating no tremor and 36 indicating maximum tremor) was assigned to each subject based on 2 neurologists’ ratings of the tremor examination.
Geometry and Properties of Cotton Two-Bar Raschel Fabrics

The relation of the geometry to the physical properties of 32 experimental raschel fabrics was studied. These fabrics were knit of 36/2 combed cotton yarns with the ordinary stitch, straight chaining, and lay-in in the following combinations: straight chaining with lay-in; ordinary with lay-in ; two-bar Atlas with skip entry; two-bar jersey with skip entry; straight chaining with ordinary; eyelet mesh with irregular entry. The effect of distortion on dimensional change in laundering, relaxation to remove distortion in order to prevent dimensional change, and the elastic behavior of the various construc tions were given special attention, since these properties largely determine the usefulness of the fabrics for specific purposes.
The Effects of Land Cover and Land Use Change on the Contemporary Carbon Balance of the Arctic and Boreal Terrestrial Ecosystems of Northern Eurasia

Recent changes in climate, disturbance regimes and land use and management systems in Northern Eurasia have the potential to disrupt the terrestrial sink of atmospheric CO2 in a way that accelerates global climate change. To determine the recent trends in the carbon balance of the arctic and boreal ecosystems of this region, we performed a retrospective analysis of terrestrial carbon dynamics across northern Eurasia over a recent 10-year period using a terrestrial biogeochemical process model. The results of the simulations suggest a shift in direction of the net flux from the terrestrial sink of earlier decades to a net source on the order of 45 Tg C year−1 between 1997 and 2006. The simulation framework and subsequent analyses presented in this study attribute this shift to a large loss of carbon from boreal forest ecosystems, which experienced a trend of decreasing precipitation and a large area burned during this time period.
Integrative Cardiac Revitalization: Bypass Surgery, Angioplasty, and Chelation. Benefits, Risks, and Limitations

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is still the main cause of premature death in the industrialized world. The revascularization modalities, bypass surgery and angioplasty, when successful provide restored blood flow to the myocardium. Bypass remains the most proven means for managing more severe cases of CAD, namely triple vessel disease with or without complications, while angioplasty works best for cases of single or double vessel disease with minimal complications. Both types of intervention partially relieve angina as they clear arterial blockage. Both save lives to an extent greater than medication alone. However, both are limited to being palliative since they fail to treat the underlying atherosclerotic occlusive process. EDTA chelation therapy appears to achieve revitalization of the myocardium, and is a viable alternative or adjunct to revascularization. Fish oils are now proven to help revitalize vessel wall endothelia and to partially reverse atherosclerotic damage. Being safe and having proven benefits, chelation therapy and fish oils can be integrated together with nutrients, lifestyle-dietary revision, exercise, and medications as necessary, into a cardiovascular revitalization strategy. Cardiovascular revitalization would be highly cost-effective and procedurally compatible with the revascularization modalities, while extending beyond revascularization to halt atherosclerotic progression, restore cardiac functionality, extend survival, and improve quality of life.
Thyroid storm in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

A 44-year-old woman with no medical history presented to the emergency department with a 2 h history of sudden onset chest pressure, palpitations, diaphoresis and shortness of breath. She reported a 90-pound unintentional weight loss, increased appetite, irritability, night sweats and palpitations for 2 months. Physical examination revealed a heart rate (HR) of 269 bpm and a blood pressure of 116/94 mm Hg. Her ECG revealed a wide-complex tachycardia with right bundle branch morphology and an HR of 265 bpm. Intravenous adenosine was administered with resolution of the arrhythmia and symptoms. Her subsequent ECG revealed sinus tachycardia with δ waves, which was consistent with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Laboratory findings confirmed thyroid storm and treatment began with intravenous hydrocortisone, methimazole, metoprolol, amiodarone and iodine drops. Graves’ disease was confirmed based on the presence of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody. The patient underwent successful WPW accessory tract ablation 6 weeks after initial presentation.
Biophysical energy analyses of non-market values of the Ebro Delta

Non-market values were estimated with energy analysis under four land cover scenarios in the Ebro Delta, Spain. The market value of agriculture, the primary use value, is compared. Conversion of the natural landscape to agricul- tural fields has resulted in a drop in total annual non-market value from $721 million in the pristine scenario to $11 million in the present scenario. The market value of the agricultural crops has risen over time, from $10 million to almost $52 million, contributing the major portion of the total value of the Delta. However, the rate of return has decreased from the pristine to the present delta, indicating that more energy is required to produce a smaller output. Energy analyses reveal that one form of value - non-market value - is being traded for another - market value.
Pre-existing differences and diet-induced alterations in striatal dopamine systems of obesity-prone rats.

Objective Interactions between pre-existing differences in mesolimbic function and neuroadaptations induced by consumption of fatty, sugary foods are thought to contribute to human obesity. This study examined basal and cocaine-induced changes in striatal neurotransmitter levels without diet manipulation and D2/D3 dopamine receptor-mediated transmission prior to and after consumption of “junk-foods” in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. Methods Microdialysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine basal and cocaine-induced changes in neurotransmitter levels in real time with cocaine-induced locomotor activity. Sensitivity to the D2/D3 dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole was examined before and after restricted junk-food exposure. Selectively bred obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats were used. Results Cocaine-induced locomotion was greater in obesity-prone rats versus obesity-resistant rats prior to diet manipulation. Basal and cocaine-induced increases in dopamine and serotonin levels did not differ. Obesity-prone rats were more sensitive to the D2 receptor-mediated effects of quinpirole, and junk-food produced modest alterations in quinpirole sensitivity in obesity-resistant rats. Conclusions These data show that mesolimbic systems differ prior to diet manipulation in susceptible versus resistant rats, and that consumption of fatty, sugary foods produce different neuroadaptations in these populations. These differences may contribute to enhanced food craving and an inability to limit food intake in susceptible individuals.
Atrial Fibrillation and Mechanisms of Stroke: Time for a New Model.

Thirty-three million people have atrial fibrillation (AF), a disorder of heart rhythm.1 Over the past several decades, we have learned that this dysrhythmia originates in the interplay between genetic predisposition, ectopic electrical activity, and abnormal atrial tissue substrate and then feeds back to remodel and worsen tissue substrate and, thereby, propagates itself.2 Although the importance of AF partly derives from its strong association with ischemic stroke, there have not been as many advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of stroke in AF. Current views rest on a century old hypothesis that fibrillation of the atrium produces stasis of blood, which causes thrombus formation and embolism to the brain. When other abnormalities are acknowledged to play a role, the dysrhythmia is still considered the primary cause of thromboembolism.3 Although this formulation is intuitively appealing, recent work suggests that the pathogenesis of stroke in AF is more complicated and involves factors in addition to the dysrhythmia. AF and stroke have been associated in rigorous studies,4 indicating a true association rather than a spurious finding. Epidemiological logic suggests 3 explanations: (1) AF causes stroke, (2) stroke causes AF, and (3) AF is associated with other factors that cause stroke. To help judge whether one factor causes another or whether the 2 are simply correlated, the epidemiologist Bradford Hill proposed the following widely accepted criteria: (1) strength of association, (2) consistency, (3) specificity, (4) temporality, (5) biological gradient, (6) plausibility, (7) coherence, (8) accordance with experimental results, and (9) analogy.5 The relationship between AF and stroke fulfills several of these criteria. Patients with AF face a strongly elevated risk of stroke—about 3- to 5-fold higher after adjustment for risk factors.4 AF has been consistently associated with stroke in different cohorts.6 And a causal association is biologically …
Pervasive Food

Pervasive technologies are finding their way into every aspect of our lives, including the production, delivery, preparation, and consumption of food. The articles in this special issue describe technologies and studies that illustrate just how valuable such pervasive systems can be in the domains of agriculture and food. In the future, it is expected that such technologies will significantly impact the way that people interact with their food.
A Primitive Higher Mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah

Cretaceous mammals of the southwestern United States are poorly known. Herein, a new genus and species is described from the Wahweap Formation of southern Utah. The Wahweap fauna is of probable Aquilan age, otherwise known by a single local fauna from Alberta, Canada. Although the new species is clearly a “higher” mammal, it bears no known features uniting it with either marsupials or eutherians. The distribution of dental characters among tribosphenic therians suggests common ancestry of marsupials and eutherians from a taxon advanced with respect to “aegialodonts,” in turn indicating that dentally advanced Tribosphenida were more widely distributed than the known record indicates.
Intraspecific Larval Competition by the Codling Moth, Laspeyresia ponwllella

The effects of larval competition on rate of development, carrying capacity of an apple, ovarian development, head-capsule width and O2 uptake were examined for Laspeyresia pomonella (L.). A laboratory strain of codling moth, originating from Yakima, Washington, was used, although it may not be typical of wild populations. Experiments were conducted at 26°±2°C and a 16-hour photoperiod, except that oxygen measurements were carried out under dark conditions. Rate of development decreases at higher competitive levels. The carrying capacity for a 4-cm-diameter apple is approximately three larvae per apple. The mean number of eggs developing per moth is reduced at higher competitive levels. The head-capsule width for second and fourth instars decreases with increased competition. Third and fourth instars have a linear relationship between O2 uptake and body-weight. There was a reduction in O2 uptake for competing third instars. Fourth and fifth instars did not show differences in O2 uptake due to competition. Fifth instars displaced from the competing arena decreased their O2 uptake. Precompetitive O2 uptake rates for displaced and nondisplaced larvae were greater than the postcompetitive rates.
The Optimal Implementation Methods of G.729 on DSP

Speech compression is the key technology to realize the low speed speech communication.In 1996,ITU-T issued the G.729 Recommendation.It is used for coding at 8kb/s speed by Conjugate-Structure Algebraic-Coder-Excited Linear-Prediction(CS-ACELP)algorithm,which has a 15ms delay.It has nicer synthesized speech quality and appropriate complexity.It can be widely used in the field of individual mobile communication,multimedia communication,IP phone,satellite communication,ISDN and so on.The author introduces the optimal implementation methods of G.729 on DSP.
517 RAISING NUTRITION AWARENESS AT THE ANCHORAGE NEIGHBORHOOD HEALTH CENTER IN ANCHORAGE, ALASKA.

Purpose Obesity and type II diabetes are the most common health problems identified in the Anchorage Neighborhood Health Center. As a community medicine project, an educational nutrition poster was designed to hang in waiting or exam rooms. The poster was developed to be used as either passive nutritional education or as an active tool that providers could use while discussing poor dietary habits. Methods The poster attempts to clarify the conflicting advice in the media about what is a healthy diet. Because patients spend a long time in the waiting room and exam rooms with little to look at, a poster is an effective way to reach this population. A literature review revealed that patients do look at posters in waiting areas. To reinforce nutritional teaching being done in the clinic, information on the poster was adapted from existing nutritional handouts. The layout of the poster includes digital pictures of food taken at a local grocery store and a “green light, yellow light, red light” theme to classify foods in an easy-to-understand and visually pleasing way. Text was kept to a minimum with non-English-speaking/reading patients in mind. Discussion Motivating patients to make lifestyle changes related to diet can be difficult. This poster is designed to help patients make smart food choices and to assist physicians in discussing this important topic with their patients.
Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into Color Appearance Modeling and Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth.

It has been reported that for certain colour samples, the chromatic adaptation transform CAT02 imbedded in the CIECAM02 colour appearance model predicts corresponding colours with negative tristimulus values (TSVs), which can cause problems in certain applications. To overcome this problem, a mathematical approach is proposed for modifying CAT02. This approach combines a non-negativity constraint for the TSVs of corresponding colours with the minimization of the colour differences between those values for the corresponding colours obtained by visual observations and the TSVs of the corresponding colours predicted by the model, which is a constrained non-linear optimization problem. By solving the non-linear optimization problem, a new matrix is found. The performance of the CAT02 transform with various matrices including the original CAT02 matrix, and the new matrix are tested using visual datasets and the optimum colours. Test results show that the CAT02 with the new matrix predicted corresponding colours without negative TSVs for all optimum colours and the colour matching functions of the two CIE standard observers under the test illuminants considered. However, the accuracy with the new matrix for predicting the visual data is approximately 1 CIELAB colour difference unit worse compared with the original CAT02. This indicates that accuracy has to be sacrificed to achieve the non-negativity constraint for the TSVs of the corresponding colours. ! 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 00, 000 – 000, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20694
Obstructing malformations of the uterus and vagina.

Sixteen cases of obstructing malformations of the uterus and vagina treated at The Children's Hospital between 1970 and 1983 are discussed. These patients typically present with pain within 2years of their menarche and a pelvic mass. Unilateral renal agenesis is the most common associated nongynecologic defect encountered (53%). The key to early diagnosis is a high index of suspicion when significant gynecologic symptoms develop in perimenarchal patients. A complete investigation should be carried out before the undertaking of corrective surgery, because a thorough understanding of the patient's anatomy is necessary for the determination of the type of operation that will optimally preserve reproductive and sexual function. The specific abnormalities encountered in this series are divided into three groups on the basis of the site(s) of obstruction. Recommendations for surgical treatment of each group are presented.
Prostatic urethral polyps in adults: histopathologic variations and clinical manifestations.

Abstract Prostatic urethral polyps in adults may be more frequent than suspected. They appear to be finger-like prostatic hyperplastic protrusions in the prostatic urethra. Different histologic forms described may be, in fact, variations of similar structures. The polyps are benign and do not require treatment if not symptomatic.
Theodor Storm—Paul Heyse,Briefwechsel: Kritische Ausgabe, herausgegeben von Clifford Albrecht Bernd. I. Band: 1853–1875. II. Band: 1876–1881. Berlin: Erich Schmidt, 1969 and 1970. Pp. 210 and 237.

(1973). Theodor Storm—Paul Heyse, Briefwechsel. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 58-59.
Direct C-H Cyanation of Arenes via Organic Photoredox Catalysis.

Methods for the direct C–H functionalization of aromatic compounds are in demand for a variety of applications, including the synthesis of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials. Herein, we disclose the construction of aromatic nitriles via direct C–H functionalization using an acridinium photoredox catalyst and trimethylsilyl cyanide under an aerobic atmosphere. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under mild conditions and has proven to be compatible with a variety of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups, halogens, and nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles, as well as aromatic-containing pharmaceutical agents.
Utilizing Biopsy-Based Genomic Assays to Risk-Stratify Patients

Current risk-stratification guidelines for prostate cancer depend heavily on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and the Gleason scoring of biopsy cores, both which have limitations in discerning the aggressiveness of prostate cancer in certain clinical cases. Recent advances in molecular genetics have yielded biopsy-based genomic assays and biomarker tests that can provide additional information in situations where risk stratification based on more commonly used methods remain unclear. Such genomic assays are supported by an increasing body of literature, leading to select coverage by insurance reimbursement, although contemporary major guidelines have not made conclusive recommendations. Such trends suggest that biopsy-based molecular biomarkers likely will have an increasing role in the management of prostate cancer in the future.
Disenchantment of Nature

In this paper, I aim to charitably summarize and analyze McDowell’s diagnosis of and cure for the characteristic anxieties that permeate discourse on the mind-world relation. Speci cally, though, I will focus on the importance that McDowell affords to a new conception of nature, demonstrating the signi cance of this conception to the sort of “cure” he offers. By introducing second nature, McDowell resolves the quandary of the seesaw between Davidson’s self-contained coherentism and Evans’ lapse into the Myth of the Given, without completely natural- izing reason. Nonetheless, his partial re-enchantment of nature fails to break free from the ideological force that pervades the majority of this discourse—namely, epistemological hegemony. In his book, Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking, Walter Mignolo offers a critique of epistemolog- ical hegemony, deconstructing the geopolitics of knowledge and offering a vision for a new way of thinking about knowledge. My focus in this paper is the disenchantment of nature in philosophy and the implications of this disen- chantment in light of Mignolo’s thesis. Consequently, a great deal of this examination involves a discussion of epis- temology and the nature of knowledge. I survey the works of McDowell, Mignolo, Churchland, Rorty, and Stone in order to provide a multi-dimensional picture of the disenchantment of nature and its implications for knowledge.
The use of a laboratory school protocol to evaluate concepts about efficacy and side effects of new formulations of stimulant medications.

Recently, new long-acting formulations of racemic methylphenidate (MPH: Ritalin® LA, Metadate® CD and Concerta®) and amphetamine (AMP: Adderall XR®) were developed and are now approved by the Food ...
An Innovative Instructional Format for a Course in Basic Psychopathology

An innovative course in psychopathology for medical students was developed using principles derived from instructional development models. The instructional format consisted of carefully designed self-instructional workbooks and patient-centered workshops. No lectures were presented during the 32-hour course. Statistically significant learning gains were achieved between the pre- and postcourse examinations, and the students were highly enthusiastic about the innovative educational format.
The Rights of Animals

There are nearly sixty million domestic dogs in the United States, owned by over thirty-six million households. Over half of these households give Christmas presents to their dogs. Millions of them celebrate their dog's birthday. If a family's dog were somehow forced to live a short and painful life, the family would undoubtedly feel some combination of rage and grief. What can be said about dog owners can also be said about cat owners, who are more numerous still. But through their daily behavior, people who love those pets, and greatly care about their welfare, help ensure short and painful lives for millions, even billions of animals that cannot easily be distinguished from dogs and cats. Should people change their behavior? Should the law promote animal welfare? Should animals have legal rights? To answer these questions, we need to step back a bit. Many people think that the very idea of animal rights is implausible. Suggesting that animals are neither rational nor self-aware, Immanuel Kant thought of animals as "man's instruments," deserving protection only to help human beings in their relation to one another: "[H]e who is cruel to animals becomes hard also in his dealings with men."'1 Jeremy Bentham took a different approach, suggesting that mistreatment of animals was akin to slavery and racial discrimination:
Making rape education meaningful for men: The case for eliminating the emphasis on men as perpetrators, protectors, or victims

Analysis of college men's responses to a fictional woman revealing a rape experience indicate that men want to know how to support women who have experienced rape, however, they feel unprepared to do so. Additionally, men reported their previous education on rape as insufficient, inappropriate, and irrelevant leading us to conclude that rape prevention strategies that focus on men as perpetrators, potential victims, and/or protectors are less than ideal for reaching men. However, based on the men's responses in the interviews and reflective writing pieces, we suggest that teaching men to be supporters or allies of raped women holds promise for making rape education relevant to the men. The paper concludes with suggestions for practitioners on how to meet current rape prevention goals while shifting the focus of the training for men and encourages further empirical testing.
Some Applications of Invariant Variational Principles in Mechanics of Solids

ABSTRACT Based on invariant variational principles due to Noether, it is possible to derive several conservation theorems of mathematical physics applicable, in principle, for any field theory. These conservation laws, and the resulting so-called path-independent integrals, have proved useful in continuum mechanics and in particular in the theory of elasticity. Several new applications of these conservation theorems will be discussed, including specifically those to elastodynamics, thermoelasticity, porous media, and the experimental determinations of stress intensity factors in fracture mechanics.
Single-element needle-based ultrasound imaging of the spine: An in vivo feasibility study

Spinal interventional procedures, such as lumbar puncture, require insertion of an epidural needle through the spine without touching the surrounding bone structures. To minimize the number of insertion trials and navigate to a desired target, an image-guidance technique is necessary. We developed a single-element needle-based ultrasound system that is composed of a needle-shaped ultrasound transducer that reconstructs B-mode images from lateral movement with synthetic aperture focusing. The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of needle-based single-element ultrasound imaging on spine in vivo. Experimental validation was performed on a metal wire phantom, ex vivo porcine bone in both water tank and porcine tissue, and spine on living swine model. The needle-based ultrasound system could visualize the structure, although reverberation and multiple reflections associated with the needle shaft were observed. These results show the potential of the system to be used for in vivo environment.
Sense Perception Common Sense Relationships

Often missing in existing knowledge bases of facts, are relationships that encode common sense knowledge about unnamed entities. In this paper, we propose to extract novel, common sense relationships pertaining to sense perception concepts such as sound and smell.
Sanctuary cities, communities, and organizations: a nation at a crossroads

Sanctuary Cities, Communities, and Organizations: A Nation at a Crossroads is an excellent and important book written by Melvin Delgado, professor in the School of Social Work at Boston University....
Non-home discharge disposition after posterior spinal fusion in neuromuscular scoliosis-an analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Pediatric database.

Background: Despite an increasing trend of corrective surgery in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis, evidence regarding risk factors associated with non-home discharge destination following surgery remains limited. Methods: The 2012–2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Pediatric database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology codes for patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (22802, 22804 and 22808) for neuromuscular scoliosis. Non-home discharge was defined as discharge to a skilled nursing facility, rehabilitation facility and/or separate acute care unit. Patients who expired during inpatient stay were excluded from the study sample. Only patients aged 2–18 years with a primary diagnosis of neuromuscular scoliosis were included in the final cohort. Results: Out of a total of 1,269 patients, 76 (6.0%) had a non-home discharge disposition. Following adjustment for baseline clinical characteristics, patients lying in the age bracket of 15–17 years {odds ratio (OR) 2.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–5.08]; P=0.047} or >17 years [OR 2.29 (95% CI: 1.10–4.79); P=0.027], male gender [OR 1.75 (95% CI: 1.06–2.89); P=0.029], having structural pulmonary abnormality at time of surgery [OR 2.01 (95% CI: 1.17–3.43); P=0.011], a length of stay >4 days [OR 2.29 (95% CI: 1.15–4.55); P=0.018] and having a past history of childhood cancer [OR 4.50 (95% CI: 1.15–17.61); P=0.031] were significant independent predictors associated with a non-home discharge. Conclusions: Providers can utilize these data to pre-operatively identify patients who might require continued high-level/inpatient care in a facility, and subsequently expedite discharge and reduce costs associated with a prolonged inpatient stay.
We Could Be Unicorns: Human Services Leaders Moving from Managing Programs to Managing Information Ecosystems

The availability and accessibility of all kinds of data are changing the landscape of funding, service delivery, and program planning in the human services. For human service organizations to succe...
Cholecystectomy does not worsen progression or outcomes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background: Cholecystectomy is a frequently performed surgical procedure for symptomatic cholelithiasis, which is reported to be more common in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), given the common risk factors. However, the data remains unclear on the association of cholecystectomy with NASH. We performed a retrospective study to examine the association of cholecystectomy and NASH. Methods: Medical charts of patients with steatohepatitis related liver disease at a tertiary care center from 2004 to 2011 were stratified by cholecystectomy and defined by its history and/or absence of gallbladder on ultrasonography. Logistic regression model was built for predictors of cholecystectomy. Patients with NASH were stratified based on timing of cholecystectomy. The diagnosis of NASH and timing of cholecystectomy were compared based on baseline characteristics and outcomes (liver disease complications and survival) on follow up. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for the two group comparisons. Chi-square and unpaired t-tests were used for comparing outcomes on follow up. P value Results: Analysis of 584 patients [379 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)] showed that patients with cholecystectomy (N=191) were more likely to be female (57% vs . 44%), diabetic (53% vs . 37%), have liver biopsy (43% vs . 25%) and diagnosis of NAFLD (80% vs . 58%) P vs . 86 with cholecystectomy within median of 6 years prior to NAFLD diagnosis were similar on all characteristics except on model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (9.2±8.4 vs . 6.4±7.1, P=0.045). Of 28 with available histology data, there were no differences on histology based on timing of cholecystectomy. On a median follow up of 5 years, timing of cholecystectomy did not impact on development of cirrhosis (74% vs . 67%, P=0.45), ascites (31% vs . 38%, P=0.76), variceal bleeding (11% vs . 16%, P=0.44), hepatic encephalopathy (22% vs . 29%, P=0.74), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (15% vs . 9%, P=0.59), and patient survival (95% vs . 98%, P=0.3). Conclusions: Cholecystectomy is associated with NAFLD diagnosis. We did not find cause and effect of cholecystectomy in the development of severity of NAFLD. Prospective studies are suggested to examine the role of cholecystectomy and bile acids in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
Three Stage Hybrid Approach for Congenital Aortic Coarctation and Bicuspid Aortic Valve With Severe Aortic Stenosis in an Adult Patient.

Introduction Untreated congenital aortic coarctation and valvular abnormalities are rare in an adult patient and require complex management. Report A 68 year old woman with congenital aortic coarctation and bicuspid aortic valve with severe aortic stenosis is described. She was treated by a two week, staged, hybrid approach: (i) aortic valvuloplasty, (ii) endovascular aortic repair and (iii) surgical aortic valve replacement with tricuspid ring annuloplasty and left atrial appendage ligation. Two and six month follow up blood pressure measurements demonstrated improved control. Six month imaging showed a patent aortic stent graft. Discussion A three stage, hybrid approach is a viable method for treating concomitant aortic coarctation and valvular heart disease in a symptomatic adult patient.
Hydrogen production by catalytic decomposition of methane over Fe based bi-metallic catalysts supported on CeO2–ZrO2

Abstract Methane decomposition to produce hydrogen was studied over iron based bimetallic catalysts supported on cerium-zirconium oxide in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor at 700 °C. 15 wt% Fe/CeZrO2 was prepared by wetness impregnation and the promoted Fe catalysts (15 Fe-5 Co/CeZrO2 and 15 Fe-5 Mo/CeZrO2) were prepared by co-impregnation technique. Mo promoted Fe catalyst exhibited the maximum surface area of 24.08 m2/g. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that Fe2O3, Co3O4 and MoO3 were the phases present in freshly calcined catalysts, while the reduced catalysts consisted of phases including elemental Fe, Mo and Fe–Co alloys. Both X-ray diffraction and temperature programmed reduction studies confirmed the complete reduction of metal oxide species under H2 at 700 °C. The catalytic activity of Fe/CeZrO2 was enhanced upon addition of Co and Mo as promoters. The initial hydrogen yield on 15 Fe-5 Mo/CeZrO2 was ~90% and it decreased with increase in time on stream (TOS), and finally stabilized around ~50% after 125 min of TOS. The Co promoted catalyst exhibited similar activity while the initial hydrogen yield on 15 Fe/CeZrO2 was ~83% and dropped to ~33% after 125 min of TOS. Graphitic carbon, Fe3C and Mo2C phases were observed in the XRD patterns of spent catalysts along with elemental Fe and Fe–Co alloy. It was evident from temperature programmed oxidation results that coke formation which deactivates the catalyst was dominant in 15 Fe/CeZrO2 when compared to the promoted (Co and Mo) Fe catalysts where carbon nanostructures were dominant. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of carbon nanostructures on the surface of spent catalysts. The Fe based catalysts supported both tip and base-growth mechanisms for the growth of carbon nanostructures.
Texas Has the Highest Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Rates in the USA.

Texas is the second largest state by area and population in the USA and is reported to have high incidence and mortality rates for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The reasons for the increasingly high burden of HCC in Texas are not clear. We explored trends and demographic and regional variations in HCC incidence to better understand reasons for the high burden in Texas. We analyzed Texas Cancer Registry incidence data from 2001 to 2015 and compared results to the U.S. National Program of Cancer Registries and SEER for the same period. Rates were stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and age at diagnosis. Rates were also compared between the US/Mexico border region of Texas and the rest of Texas. Texas had the highest HCC age-adjusted incidence rate of all states, 13.2/100,000, which was 45% higher than the national average. In Texas and nationally, rates increased by 4% per year between 2001 and 2015. Rates in Texas were 26–37% greater than national rates for Hispanics, African-Americans, and non-Hispanic whites. Among Hispanics in states with the largest percentage of Hispanics, Texas-based Hispanics had the highest HCC incidence rate in 2015 (21.2/100,000) compared with Hispanics in New Mexico, California, Arizona, Nevada, and Florida. Incidence rates were highest in South Texas and US/Mexico border regions. Increasing rates in the large Hispanic population may explain why Texas now has the highest HCC incidence rate in the USA.
Enhancing electrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotubes via engineered defect laden crystal structures

Abstract This study identifies the dependence of electrochemical properties of titanium dioxide nanotubes (NTs) containing specific concentrations and locations of defects within the crystal structure. NTs, formed through electrochemical anodization, were annealed at 500˚C in either oxygen (O2-NTs) or 2% hydrogen with nitrogen balance (2%H2/N2-NTs). Examination of the NTs using scanning/transmission electron microscopy showed that the O2-NTs were comprised of a mixed phase anatase–rutile, while the 2%H2/N2-NTs were primarily anatase with a defect laden disordered surface layer. Electrochemical impedance measurements showed enhanced electrochemical behavior of the 2%H2/N2-NTs compared to the O2-NTs as a result of the defect-laden structure.
Acute rewarding and disinhibiting effects of alcohol as indicators of drinking habits

Laboratory studies have reliably shown that heightened sensitivity to the rewarding effects of alcohol is associated with heavier drinking patterns. More recently, there has been research to suggest that heightened sensitivity to the disinhibiting effects of alcohol might also contribute to drinking habits. Most research on the acute effects of alcohol has focused on drinking magnitudes averaged across participants with little attention paid to how individual differences influence alcohol abuse potential. In large part, this is due to limited sample sizes in previous laboratory studies. This study overcomes previous limitations by testing the degree to which individual differences in acute sensitivity and tolerance to the rewarding and disinhibiting effects of alcohol relate to drinking behavior in a large sample size. Data from six laboratory studies were aggregated to comprise a sample of 181 adults. Participants’ level of “liking” (the effects of alcohol) and disinhibition were assessed following 0.65 g/kg alcohol once during the ascending limb of the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) curve and again at the same BAC during the descending limb of the curve. The measures were also assessed following placebo. Alcohol increased ratings of liking and behavioral disinhibition. Heavier drinking was associated with heightened sensitivity to liking on the ascending limb. Additionally, those who showed reduced acute tolerance to both disinhibition and liking were also heavier drinkers. These data suggest that individual variability in liking the effects of alcohol and persistent disinhibition are key indicators of drinking habits.