cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C-5 Modified S-Benzoxazolyl Sialyl Donors: Towards More Efficient Selective Sialylations

We previously reported that the selective activation of an S-benzoxazolyl (SBox) sialyl donor over a galactosyl acceptor equipped with a thioethyl anomeric moiety can be performed in high yield but with poor stereoselectivity. To optimize this strategy, which allows the synthesis of complex carbohydrates to be shortened, a range of SBox sialyl donors modified at C-5 were synthesized and tested. In particular, the combination of the SBox leaving group and an oxazolidinone at C-4,5 allowed superior stereocontrol in various solvents and at different temperatures. Nearly complete stereoselectivity was obtained in the presence of bismuth(III) triflate in a dichloromethane/tetrahydrofuran (1:1) solvent system.
A helium-induced shift in the temperature dependence of swelling☆

Abstract In an annealed austenitic alloy undergoing bombardment with 4 MeV Ni ions to doses between 1 and 70 dpa at 840, 900, 950, 1025, and 1100 K, the introduction of simultaneously-implanted helium at a rate of 20 appm He/dpa moves the swelling versus temperature curve up the temperature scale by 40 to 70 K. Co-implantation of hydrogen (deuterium) at a rate of 50 appm D/dpa simultaneously with the helium causes little or no additional systematic effects. The major change in microstructure caused by the gases is an enhancement of cavity nucleation by factors of 2 to 5 at 840 to 950 K, increasing to factors of thousands at 1100 K. Concurrently there is a reduction in the size of cavities and in swelling at all temperatures below 1025 K, and an increase in cavity size and in swelling at 1100 K, where the cavities are gas stabilized. At 1025 K the increase in nucleation of cavities outpaces the reduction in size and causes increased swelling. The primary effects of the gases are decided at low doses, below 1 dpa, where cavity nucleation is completed and where the conditions governing cavity growth are established; at higher doses swelling is determined by cavity growth, which is dependent on dose only. The gases cause copious formation of cavities on grain boundaries, boding ill for mechanical properties.
Government intervention, efficiency wages, and the employer size wage effect in Zimbabwe

Abstract This paper uses matched employer-employee data from a survey of 201 manufacturing firms and 1609 of their workers conducted in Zimbabwe in the summer of 1993. The results indicate that there is a substantial premium associated with employment in larger firms, and that this premium cannot be explained by differences in worker quality and job characteristics, nor is it eliminated by controlling for unionization, minimum wages or other forms of government intervention. The size premium is much larger for white collar than for blue collar workers. These differentials are also found to be substantially larger than those estimated for other developed and developing countries. The analysis uses the data about firm characteristics to explore a number of efficiency wage-based explanations of the size differential, and finds results which are consistent with, but not conclusive proof of, hiring, turnover, and morale based notions of efficiency wages.
An Introduction to Product Family Evaluation Graphs

With increasingly aggressive competition for market share, manufacturing companies are facing the challenge of providing nearly customized products at bulk prices. To achieve this, product families — a group of related products derived from a single product platform — have been used to provide strategic variety to satisfy customer requirements and simultaneously achieve economies of scale. Many methods for product family design have been developed. However, we still lack the ability to evaluate a product family based on quantitative tradeoffs between product family commonality and product family variety. In this paper, we introduce the Product Family Evaluation Graph (PFEG), which can assist product family designers choosing the “best” product family design among a set of product family design options. This method is complete in its formulation, but lacking in tools for implementation. It is our purpose to show the usefulness of such a method and discuss its foundation. We show how the tool can be used to compare candidate product family designs and used in the robust design of a single product family. In addition, we highlight the strategic factors and measures that are the basis for evaluating any product family. We offer ten example strategic factors — customization, market life, technological innovation, family size, complexity, development time, service and maintenance, environmental impacts, manufacturing cost, and production volume — that determine the ideal tradeoff strategy between commonality and variety. We also highlight the need for more research into the validity of these factors, the specific relationships between these factors, and a tradeoff strategy. The measures of commonality are shown to be well established. However, we show that there is still a glaring need for the quantitative evaluation of product family variety. In summary, this paper is intended as a starting place, an opening set of questions, and as a framework for the general solution to the problem of a quantitative evaluation of product family design.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Comparisons of stakeholder perceptions of tourism impacts in rural eastern North Carolina

Abstract The purpose of this study was to discover if differences in perceptions of tourism's impacts on a rural community existed between four stakeholder groups in eastern North Carolina: residents, entrepreneurs, government officials, and tourists. Data were collected from stakeholders using a mail-back questionnaire, which included nine Likert-style questions inquiring about attitudes and perceptions of tourism development in the community. To discover if differences existed, an ANOVA test was conducted for each question, followed by a Scheffe test to determine which groups were different. The analysis indicated that there were differences in the perception of tourism impacts between stakeholder groups. More specifically, the results of the ANOVA test indicated that there were statistically significant differences between stakeholder groups for seven of the nine questions. Differences were identified between the entrepreneurs and government officials, residents and governmental officials, residents and entrepreneurs, and residents and tourists.
A comparison of features and categorical cues to improve naming abilities in aphasia

Background: Evidence from the picture–word interference literature reveals that picture–word pairs bearing a non-categorical relationship (e.g., RING—expensive) will facilitate naming more than picture–word pairs bearing a categorical relationship (e.g., BRACELET—earrings). It is not known whether these differential effects would be found within a naming treatment paradigm for aphasia; however, if it is the case that one type of semantic relations will yield more robust treatment effects than another, this would provide a more efficient and effective delivery of treatment. Moreover, since semantic errors are commonly produced by individuals with aphasia, an approach which helps strengthen the semantic network will, in turn, strengthen lexical retrieval and access processes.Aim: The aim of the study was to compare a features condition, or a condition in which attributes were used, to a categorical condition, or a condition in which categorical members were used to see which would yield greater naming impro...
Acrylamide Release Resulting from Sunlight Irradiation of Aqueous Polyacrylamide/Iron Mixtures

Linear anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) has been used in irrigation practices as a flocculating agent to minimize water losses through seepage in earthen canals. The stability of PAM is of concern because of the possibility of acrylamide (AMD) monomer release during environmental weathering. Aqueous solutions of commercial PAM mixed with ferric sulfate, subjected to simulated and natural sunlight irradiation, showed polymer chain scission and release of the AMD monomer. At acid/neutral pH, the amount of AMD released was directly related to the concentration of ferric ion and the irradiation time. At alkaline pH (∼8), PAM/Fe3+ mixtures were stable under irradiation. PAM chain scission involved the hydroxyl radical, but specific AMD release appeared to require PAM-bound iron. Low iron concentrations and alkaline pH of irrigation water would limit AMD release. Residual monomer in PAM can contribute AMD to irrigation water, but concentrations would remain below the U.S. EPA drinking water standard of 0.5 ppb.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment and later drug use.

To the Editor. — I was fascinated with the article by Barkley et al1 on stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of later drug abuse. The authors have tried to answer a question that worries many. I am quite confused by their conclusion, which seems at clear odds with their data. They found, unfortunately, that treatment with stimulant medication in high school is significantly associated with the risk of ever trying cocaine. That this is a valid conclusion is supported by their finding that treatment with stimulant medication in childhood is associated with cocaine use in adulthood, although after adjusting for “disease severity” and the presence of conduct disorder, the association was no longer significant. The authors work extraordinarily hard to explain to the reader why the first finding, which is statistically significant, is actually not real. The naive reader may wonder why the authors are so invested in undermining their own carefully performed results. It would make more sense to say that patients with conduct- disorder symptoms, or very severe attention-deficit symptoms, should not be treated with stimulant drugs because it appears that, in this subgroup, such treatment may be associated with an increased risk of cocaine use in adulthood. Or the authors could conclude that their population cannot answer the question that is being asked, because they did not compare a “treated with behavioral/psychotherapy plus stimulants” group versus a “treated with behavioral/psychotherapy without stimulants” group. In support of this conclusion, the authors do note …
A GPS/GIS method for travel mode detection in New York City

Abstract Handheld GPS provides a new technology to trace people’s daily travels and has been increasingly used for household travel surveys in major cities worldwide. However, methodologies have not been developed to successfully manage the enormous amount of data generated by GPS, especially in a complex urban environment such as New York City where urban canyon effects are significant and transportation networks are complicated. We develop a GIS algorithm that automatically processes the data from GPS-based travel surveys and detects five travel modes (walk, car, bus, subway, and commuter rail) from a multimodal transportation network in New York City. The mode detection results from the GIS algorithm are checked against the travel diaries from two small handheld GPS surveys. The combined success rate is a promising 82.6% (78.9% for one survey and 86.0% for another). Challenges we encountered in the mode detection process, ways we developed to meet these challenges, as well as possible future improvement to the GPS/GIS method are discussed in the paper, in order to provide a much-needed methodology to process GPS-based travel data for other cities.
Experimental atherosclerosis and high protein diets.

SummaryA diet high in soy bean flour diminishes the incidence and degree of experimental sclerosis in rabbits fed cholesterol, while a diet rich in defatted casein augments the degree of sclerosis. Rabbits, fed the high protein, defatted casein diet alone may develop atheromatous lesions indistinguishable from those produced by cholesterol.
Fine Structure of Healthy and TMV‐Infected Tobacco Cells Grown in Tissue Culture

Three types of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Havana 38) callus: 1) healthy stem callus, 2) TMV-infected stem callus, 3) TMV-infected leaf callus; and leaves differentiated from healthy stem callus, and from TMV-infected leaf callus were compared for fine structure. In addition, the fine structure was observed of plastids in cells of leaves differentiated from callus isolated from stem sections of TMV-infected hybrid tobacco plants (N. tabacum cv. Havana 38 ×N. glutinosa) grown under high temperature. The cytoplasmic organelles in tissue cultured cells were similar to those in cells of greenhouse-grown tobacco plants. Except for plastids, TMV infection did not noticeably affect morphologically other cellular organelles in tissue culture cells. In TMV-infected leaf callus, numerous small bodies were seen in plastid-like bodies, while vesicle-like structures were observed in the stroma of plastids in leaves differentiated from callus of hybrid tobacco inoculated with TMV. Morphological variations of mitochondria, such as swelling and vacuolization of the inner matrix, occurred frequently in TMV-infected leaf callus. Needle-like crystalline inclusions or looped inclusions composed of many fine, long filaments were considered TMV particles orientated parallel to each other. The TMV particles were detected in the cytoplasm of tissue culture cells.
RAYMOND AND AGNES

Raymond and Agnes will be staged at the Arts Theatre, Cambridge, May 2-7 at 8 pm every evening (Saturday 2.30 and 8.15); seats at 25s, 17s 6d, 12s 6d, and 7s 6d. Artistic director Nicholas Temperley, conductor David Grant, producer Max Miradin, designer Michael Aubrey. Cast: Ronald Lowis/ Simon Vaughan (Baron); Jennifer Cox/Jillian Barstow (Agnes), Edmund Bohan (Raymond); Diane Guinness/June McCall (Madelina); Malcolm Singer/ Robert Key (Theodore). Tickets from 'Raymond and Agnes', Clare College, Cambridge. A vocal score of the revised version, complete with spoken dialogue and stage directions, is available from the same address at 25s post free (publication date: April 15).
Group entitativity and similarity: Their differing patterns in perceptions of groups

Three studies were conducted to investigate the relation between perceptions of group entitativity and group similarity. The first two studies tested whether entitativity and similarity would be perceived differently in participants' ingroups and outgroups. Across several different group types, we found that, in comparison to outgroups, ingroups were perceived to be relatively more entitative than outgroups, whereas outgroup members were perceived to be highly similar in comparison to ingroup members. The results of Study 3 showed that manipulation of group entitativity influenced perceptions of group entitativity but not of group similarity, whereas manipulation of similarity influenced perceptions of group similarity but not of group entitativity. The results of these studies provide support for the contention that entitativity and similarity are distinct (though related) concepts that function differently in group perception. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents' Perception of their Child'S Weight and Factors Related to Childhood Obesity

Background and aims: Efforts to decrease childhood obesity may begin with accurate parental recognition of their overweight children. Using a written survey and body habitus silhouettes of children, this study examined parents' perceptions of their child's weight and factors related to childhood overweight (OW). Methods: 285 parents of children between 2 years and 18 years being seen at six general pediatric practices that participate in the Southwestern Ohio Ambulatory Research Network (SOAR-Net) were asked to complete a survey that included demographics, varying children's body silhouettes (slender to OW) and whether their child was OW. Weight and height were measured to create a body mass index (BMI) for each study child. Results: Study children's mean age was 8.4 (SD, 4.3) years and 34% were OW (BMI>=85th percentile). Compared to BMI measured during the office visit, sensitivity of parents identifying their child as “slghtly” or “very” OW was 42% (95%CI:32-53%).sensitivity of parents' selection of body silhouette for their child was similar (43%). The specificity of parents' written or silhouette estimates was much higher (>96%). Compared to parents of healthy weight (HW) children, parents of OW children were more likely to report that they themselves were overweight (61% vs 77%, p=0.02), they “limited” their child's eating (38% 62%, p< 0.001) and annual household income was < $50,000 (57% vs 79%, p< 0.001). Conclusions: The specificity of parental estimates of their child's OW status was much higher than sensitivity. Childhood OW was related to a number of factors.
Mechanical properties of a plain carbon steel plate after long term service in a coal gasifier

Abstract The steel inner liner of a coal gasifier was examined. This liner was directly exposed to a coal gasification reaction for 20 years. The mechanical properties were measured as a function of position in the vessel and these are correlated with previously reported variations of microstructure. The initial properties of the steel were estimated and compared to the final measured properties.
Technological Advances in Caries Diagnosis

Understanding the nature of the caries lesion, disease activity, and the patient's caries risk are all used in determining the nature of dental care to be delivered. An examination should include a health and social history and clinical examination using appropriate technologies. This allows proper assessment and suggests a logical management intervention. Minimally invasive dentistry is a concept based on an assessment of a patient's caries risk and the application of the current therapies to prevent, control, and treat the disease. The history of the dental examination and the variety of current technologies are discussed.
Calcium Oxide Based Sorbents for Capture of Carbon Dioxide at High Temperatures

Calcium oxide is a promising sorbent for the capture of carbon dioxide. In this work, CaO sorbents were prepared using different precursors, including Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O. Of these, the sorbent prepared from calcium acetate (CaAc2−CaO) resulted in the best uptake characteristics for CO2. This sorbent had a higher BET surface area and larger pore volume than the other sorbents. According to SEM images, this sorbent exhibits a “fluffy” structure, which probably contributes to its high surface area and large pore volume. This sorbent also showed almost 100% carbonation, at temperatures between 550 and 800 °C. Moreover, the carbonation progressed dominantly during an initial short period. Under numerous carbonation/decarbonation cycles, the CaAc2−CaO sorbent demonstrated the best reversibility, even in the presence of 10 vol % water vapor. During a 27-cycle operation, the sorbent maintained fairly high conversion of 62 mol % at 700 °C. Pore size distribution measurements in...
Examining the Influence of Family Cohesion and Adaptability on Trauma Symptoms and Psychological Well-Being

Abstract This study specifically examined the influence of family cohesion and adaptability on college students' trauma symptoms and psychological well-being in a sample of 189 undergraduate students. The participants were administered the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III (FACES-III), L.A. Symptom Checklist, and Scales of Psychological Well-Being. Two regression analyses were conducted to understand the influence of FACES on trauma symptoms and psychological well being. The results revealed that the family adaptability and cohesion has a significant unique variance in explaining both trauma symptoms and psychological well-being. Implications for counseling are also discussed.
Q-boosted AlN array-composite resonator with Q>10,000

Quality factors (Q's) greater than 10,000 and higher than reported for any other sputtered AlN d 31 -piezoelectric micromechanical resonator have been demonstrated for the first time using an energy sharing mechanical circuit that mechanically couples two electrode-equipped AlN resonators with several electrode-less ones. The key enablers behind the described Q increase are 1) removal of metal electrodes from the inner AlN resonators to remove metal-to-piezoelectric interface losses towards a more than 8× increase in Q; and 2) coupling these higher Q electrode-less resonators to electrode-equipped ones to share energy between the resonators in a way that effectively boosts the Q of the latter with very little increase in motional impedance. By attaining such high Q, this work now proves that the Q of previous AlN resonators was not limited by material inadequacies, and that in fact metal is most responsible for suppressing the Q of previous AlN piezoelectric thin-film devices. The much higher Q's demonstrated here should greatly decrease both insertion loss in filters and phase noise in oscillators.
Stochastic Control of Multilayer Overlay in Lithography Processes

The multilayer overlay lithography process is one of the most important steps in semiconductor manufacturing. It is a multistage manufacturing process in which errors are introduced in each step, and existing errors accumulated in upstream operations cause occurrence of additional errors in downstream operations. Thus, variations in the previously deposited reference layers will also affect the overlay errors in the subsequently deposited layers. Therefore, a systematic method is needed to model the flow of overlay errors from layer to layer and to mitigate this effect using controllable process parameters. In this paper, a stochastic model for the introduction, accumulation and propagation of multilayer overlay errors of the lithography process is proposed. Based on that model, a sequential optimization method is utilized to find the optimal adjustments of controllable process parameters for minimizing the total multilayer overlay errors. A number of simulation case studies are presented to demonstrate the newly introduced model-based approach to controlling the multilayer overlay errors in lithography processes.
Evaluation of soil property variability within the Alabama Mesonet

Soil productivity can be greatly affected by spatial variability among soil physical and chemical properties. For this reason, a better understanding of these properties and their variability is essential for the continued efficient use of our soils. Applications like Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide newly advanced methods for assessing soil property variability by combining spatial and non-spatial data. The objectives of this study were i) to evaluate the soil property variability of five soils native to the Alabama Mesonet (ALMNet) and ii) to apply GTS as an alternate method for assessing the spatial variability of soil properties. The study sites, which were located throughout Northern Alabama, constitute five of the combination meteorological/soil profile stations that make up the ALMNet. These sites consist of soils native to Alabama's Limestone Valleys and Uplands and the Appalachian Plateau. In order to characterize the properties of these soils, analysis were performed to determine pH, gravimetric water content, and percent organic matter, sand, silt, and clay. The soil properties were tested to determine if there were any statistical differences by site location, soil depth, and sampling position. Interestingly, results indicated that there were significant differences observed for the soil properties by site location and soil depth. However, there were no significant differences observed for either of the soils by sampling position.
Maximal Ca2+-activated force and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in intact mammalian hearts. Differential effects of inorganic phosphate and hydrogen ions

Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and maximal Ca2+-activated force are fundamental properties of the contractile proteins in the heart. Although these properties can be evaluated directly in skinned preparations, they have remained elusive in intact tissue. A novel approach is described that allows maximal Ca2+-activated force to be measured and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity to be deduced from isovolumic pressure in intact perfused ferret hearts. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are obtained sequentially to measure the intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) and hydrogen ion (H+) concentrations. After a period of perfusion with oxygenated, HEPES-buffered Tyrode solution, hypoxia is induced as a means of elevating [Pi]. The decline in twitch pressure can then be related to the measured increase in [Pi]. After recovery, hearts are perfused with ryanodine to enable tetanization and the measurement of maximal Ca2+-activated pressure. Hypoxia is induced once again, and maximal pressure is correlated with [Pi]. We then compare the relations between [Pi] and maximal pressure on the one hand, and [Pi] and twitch pressure on the other. If the two relations differ only by a constant scaling factor, then the decline in twitch pressure can be attributed solely to a decline in maximal pressure, with no change in myofilament sensitivity. We obtained such a result during hypoxia, which indicated that Pi accumulation decreases maximal force but does not change myofilament sensitivity. We compared these results with acidosis (induced by bubbling with 5% CO2). In contrast with Pi, the accumulation of H+ decreases twitch force primarily by shifting myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. This approach in intact tissue has strengths and limitations complementary to those of skinned muscle experiments.
A simple model for predicting water table fluctuations in a tidal marsh

[1] Wetland restoration efforts are ongoing in many urban estuaries. In this context the hydrologic characteristics of restored wetlands are of paramount importance since the spatially and temporally variable position of the water table and of soil saturation establishes the oxidation state of the substrate, which, in turn, affects the wetland's biogeochemical composition and the biological communities it is capable of supporting. A relatively simple analytical model developed here describes tidal marsh hydrology from creek bank to interior, considering transient drainage, net meteorological inputs, and tidal effects. Given a series of physical and time-dependent inputs, the analytical solution derived predicts the position of the water table at points along a transect perpendicular to a tidal creek. Validation of the model using water table time series data collected along three transects at Piermont Marsh, a tidal wetland on the Hudson River in the New York/New Jersey Estuary, indicates good general agreement between observations and predictions, although it may not be precise enough for some kinds of ecological applications. A sensitivity analysis on the model indicates that a range of pairs of transmissivity and specific yield values that increase with distance from the creek results in the same spatial and temporal fluctuations in the water table. This equifinality result is discussed as it relates to the predictive capacity of the model presented.
Unidirectional low profile ultra-wideband antenna for radar and communication applications

Ultra-wideband systems with multi-octave bandwidths offer many advantages over conventional narrowband systems. For example, they can provide very high resolutions in radar and imaging applications which makes them very attractive for see through wall [1] and ground penetrating radars (GPR) as well as medical imaging. They can also provide very high data rates in communication applications which makes them a very strong candidate for next generation short range high data rate networks. One of the important elements in all UWB radar and communication systems are the antenna elements, which are required to be compact, light weight and to have good radiation characteristics.
Non-Uniform Waveband Switching in Multi-Granular Optical Networks

Waveband switching (WBS) has recently attracted attention from a wide range of industry and academia groups for its practical and hierarchial concepts in handling massive lightpaths with reduced control complexity and nodal size. Previous studies demonstrate that non-uniform waveband switching, in which wavebands contain various number of wavelengths, can provide more flexibility for wavelength grouping thus achieving more port saving. In this work, for the first time, we model the non-uniform waveband switching problem in a mesh topology with static off-line traffic, by using Integer Liner Programming (ILP) formulations. As an optimal approach, the proposed ILP model takes routing, wavelength grouping, traffic demands and non-uniform band settings into consideration. In the cases that the optimal ILP becomes intractable, we develop an efficient heuristic called simulated non-uniform waveband assignment (SNWS). Our simulations and analysis show that the proposed heuristic SNWS can achieve smaller port count than the existing near-optimal uniform waveband switching scheme.
Wideband in-situ soil permittivity coaxial probe

A novel probe design form measuring complex permittivity of soils in-situ from 10 to 1000 MHz and above without taking soil samples is presented. The dielectric constant and conudctivity of soil is derived from step-frequency reflection taken inside a small (1∼2 inches) freshly bored holes. As a result, permittivity at various depths from surface with in-situ moisture content and soil texture can be obtained in the fields. A novel calibration method was developed to account for the frequency-dependent geometrical factor which causes bias errors in conventional calibration methods. This paper will discuss about the novel probe design and calibration method based on numerical simulation data. We will present the fabricated instrument and measurement examples during the conference.
Cervix carcinoma, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and salvage of isolated paraaortic lymph node recurrence.

Purpose To determine the effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy on the outcome of invasive cervical carcinoma patients with disease recurrence isolated to the paraaortic lymph nodes. Methods and materials Between 1987 and 2003, 816 cervical carcinoma patients received radiotherapy at Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. Of these 816 patients, 14 had clinically or radiographically detected isolated paraaortic lymph node metastases. Before 1998, imaging was done if warranted by the presence of one or more classic findings, including lower extremity edema, sciatic pain, and hydronephrosis. After 1998, radiographic imaging was a routine part of follow-up for all patients. The median age at recurrence was 42.5 years (range, 32–54 years). Follow-up for all living patients was current at last follow-up. Full-dose radiotherapy equaled at least 45 Gy. Results All 7 patients with a classic finding of recurrence, none of whom had been treated to at least 45 Gy and concurrent chemotherapy, were dead of disease within 1.5 years. The 7 patients without a classic finding of recurrence, all of whom had been treated with salvage full-dose concurrent chemoradiotherapy, had a 5-year overall survival rate of 100% ( p Conclusion Salvage concurrent full-dose chemoradiotherapy afforded excellent survival of patients who did not have classic findings but had disease recurrence exclusively in the paraaortic lymph nodes. The effectiveness of salvage concurrent full-dose chemoradiotherapy in patients with symptomatic disease recurrence remains unclear. However, chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone produced dismal survival in patients with classic findings of recurrence.
MISR photogrammetric data reduction for geophysical retrievals

The theoretical concept, based on modern photogrammetric methods, underlying the design of the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) science data processing system, responsible for the autonomous and continuous georectification of multiangle imagery, is the subject of this paper. The algorithm partitions effort between the MISR Science Computing Facility and the Earth Observing System (EOS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) in a way that minimizes the amount of processing required at the latter location to rectify and map project remotely sensed data online, as it comes from the instrument. The algorithm deals with the following issues: (1) removal of the errors introduced by inaccurate navigation and attitude data; (2) removal of the distortions introduced by surface topography; (3) attainment of a balance between limited hardware resources, huge data volume and processing requirements, and autonomous and nonstop aspects of the production system.
Evidence of continued effects from timber harvesting on lotic amphibians in redwood forests of northwestern California

Abstract We compared species richness and relative abundance of stream-associated amphibians in late-seral redwood forests with those in mid-seral, second-growth forests to examine the continued (as opposed to immediate) effects of timber harvest on amphibian populations. Lacking pre-harvest data on amphibian abundances for streams in the second-growth stands, we assumed that nearby tributaries transecting late-seral stands with similar topography and flora harbored similar numbers of animals as second-growth stands prior to harvest. The study was conducted in two blocks (ca. 160 km apart) with three matched-pairs of streams per block. The mid-seral forests (treatment, n = 6) ranged from 37 to 60 years post-harvest; the late-seral forests (control, n = 6) consisted of unharvested stands. We conducted nocturnal visual encounter surveys to sample for amphibians in spring, summer, and fall, for 2 years, with three repeated visits per season. Environmental factors, including water temperature, air temperature, and fine sediment loads were also recorded. Results indicated that amphibian species richness and relative abundances of lotic amphibians were significantly greater in the late-seral forest streams compared with streams transecting mid-seral forests. Water and air temperatures were similar in both forest types, but streams in mid-seral forests had greater amounts of fine sediments compared with the streams in the late-seral forests.
Die Temperaturerhöhung im Konverter

Im vorigen Kapitel haben wir die Warmeerzeugung im Konverter und die Verteilung dieser Warme behandelt. Wir fanden, das fast die Halfte der bei regelmasigem Betrieb erzeugten Warme mit den heisen Gasen fortgeht, etwa die Halfte dient zur Erhohung der Temperatur des Konverterinhalts, und nur ungefahr 5% gehen durch Strahlung usw. verloren. In diesem Kapitel wollen wir die fur die richtige Durchfuhrung des Verfahrens so uberaus wichtige Frage der Temperaturerhohung eingehender behandeln und den entsprechenden Einflus der verschiedenen oxydierten Stoffe berechnen.
Growth of Juvenile Stone Crabs, Menippe mercenaria, Reared in the Laboratory

Abstract In this study we determined the rate of growth of juvenile Florida stone crabs (Menippe mercenaria Say, 1818) reared in the laboratory. We monitored carapace width and intermolt duration through the first 12 juvenile molts. Because all experimental crabs had been reared from eggs in the laboratory, we knew the exact age and molt dates for each individual. Mean carapace width of 1st stage juveniles was 2.0 ± 0.2 mm. Juveniles reached the 13th juvenile stage (15.9 ± 2.1 mm) in a mean of 297.6 ± 32.7 d. The rate of growth in carapace width fit a linear model and was similar in pattern to that reported for juveniles of other brachyuran species.
An estimate of the Bulk Silicate Earth potassium isotopic composition based on MC-ICPMS measurements of basalts

Abstract We report a method for high-precision potassium isotope measurements that improves by an order of magnitude the precision compared to previous methods. The purification of K is achieved through ion exchange chromatography on AG50W-X8 cation exchange resins. The 41K/39K ratios are analyzed with a GV Instruments IsoProbe P Multiple-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) equipped with a hexapole collision gas cell. With this technique, the argon-hydride interferences as well as the large 40Ar+ peak from the Ar-plasma are eliminated. The 41K/39K ratios can thus be obtained with a precision of 0.05 per mil. The precision and accuracy of this method is validated with gravimetrically determined 41K or 39K enriched standards. New precise K isotopic compositions of three terrestrial basalts (BCR-2, BHVO-1 and a MORB) are also reported. These basalts have indistinguishable K isotopic compositions and are used to define a reference value of −0.479 ± 0.027 per mil for the 41K/39K ratio of the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) relative to a Merck Suprapur potassium nitrate standard. Seawater and sylvites from evaporite deposits have similar 41K/39K ratios, but higher by up to 0.227 per mil compared to the Merck Suprapur standard. Other commercially available K-salts/solutions also have 41K/39K ratios similar to the Merck standard, while a SPEX K-chloride was higher by 0.384 per mil. This shows that K isotope variations will be useful as a tracer in low-temperature geochemistry processes.
The Transmission of Candida Albicans by Cadaveric Allografts

Two transplant patients suffered Candida infections after receiving homografts from a cadaveric donor whose urine culture yielded Candida albicans greater than 100,000 colonies per ml. In both patients the infections became apparent after large doses of methylprednisolone were administered for acute rejection. Flucytosine proved to be inadequate therapy but modified doses of amphotericin B served to eradicate the infection in each case. Donor urine cultures yielding Candida albicans should be interpreted as representing a transmissible infection.
Impairment of osmotically stimulated AVP release in patients with primary polydipsia

The secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the posterior pituitary is primarily and finely regulated by the osmolality of plasma. Even though a number of factors alter osmolality-induced release of AVP, there are no published data in humans that have addressed the role of chronic overhydration on this phenomenon. To address this problem we have identified eight patients with primary polydipsia using criteria not involving measurement of AVP, and have subjected them to standardized infusions of hypertonic saline. These patients had less AVP in both plasma and urine in relation to plasma osmolality than was found in normal subjects. In addition, their rate of rise of plasma and urine AVP was less than in normal subjects. Their osmotic threshold for AVP release may have been higher than normal. These data demonstrate that chronic overhydration in humans downregulates the release of AVP in response to hypertonicity. This phenomenon may explain the impairment of urine concentration in patients with primary polydipsia and emphasizes the basis of the difficulty that may occur clinically in differentiating between patients with primary polydipsia and partial central diabetes insipidus.
Dentinal crack formation during root canal preparations by the twisted file adaptive, Reciproc and WaveOne instruments.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the frequency of dentinal microcracks after root canal shaping with 2 reciprocating (Reciproc and WaveOne) and 1 combined continuous reciprocating motion twisted files adaptive (TFA) rotary system. Materials and Methods: Ninety molars were chosen and divided into three groups of 30 each. Root canal preparation was achieved by using Reciproc R25, Primary WaveOne and TFA systems. All the roots were horizontally sectioned at 15, 9, and 3 mm from the apex. The slices were then viewed each under a microscope at × 25 magnification to determine the presence of cracks. The absence/presence of cracks was recorded, and the data were analyzed with a Chi-square test. The significance level was set at P Results: Instrumentation with Reciproc produced significantly more complete cracks than WaveOne and TFA ( P = 0.032). The TFA system produced significantly less cracks then the Reciproc and WaveOne systems apically ( P = 0.004). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, the TFA system caused less cracks then the full reciprocating system (Reciproc and WaveOne). Single-file reciprocating files produced significantly more incomplete dentinal cracks than full-sequence adaptive rotary motion.
Use of Sulfaguanidine in Nutrition Experiments.

SummaryIt has been shown that on a purified basal ration 0.5% sulfaguanidine greatly reduces the growth rate of young rats. When liver extract is fed with 0.5% sulfaguanidine, optimum growth is obtained. p-amino benzoic acid fed with 0.5% sulfaguanidine from the beginning of an experiment gives a definite growth response, but gives no response during the first week when fed to rats which have received sulfaguanidine alone for several weeks. The bearing of these results upon the possible synthesis of unidentified rat growth factors by intestinal bacteria is discussed.
Effect of cortisone upon formation of liver glycogen from glycine.

Summary1. Cortisone produced an increase in liver glycogen of fasted normal rats. After a 5 mg dose the peak production period is from 31 to 48 hours, after a 2.5 mg dose the peak is lower and is reached earlier. 2. Glycine given at the same time as the cortisone increased the liver glycogen content. At the 5 mg cortisone dose, after 12 hours, the amount formed was equal to the sum of the amounts formed when each of the substances was given separately. During the earlier periods there was an inhibition of glycogen formation. At the 2.5 mg cortisone level the same results were obtained but to a lesser degree. 3. The excretion of urinary nitrogen reflected the change in liver glycogen in that during the early periods the nitrogen excretion was somewhat less, than during the control periods, but within 24 hours the extra urinary nitrogen accounted for 95.6% of the glycine nitrogen.
Hemagglutination tests for syphilis antibody.

In a study of serodiagnosis of syphilis, the authors compared the specificities and sensitivities of two hemagglutination tests, a sheep-erythrocyte test (MHA-TP) and a turkey-erythrocyte test (TPHA), with those of the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS) test. In tests of sera from 935 patients without syphilis, the MHA-TP, TPHA, and FTA-ABS tests were reactive for 0.96, 0, and 1.3%, respectively. The false-positive results were usually transient and not associated with underlying illness. For the 68 patients with syphilis, the MHA-TP test was as sensitive as the FTA-ABS test in all stages except untreated primary disease. The TPHA test appeared to be undersensitive, and testing of follow-up sera from persons with latent syphilis showed unexplained conversion of false-negative TPHA results to reactive results. Reproducibilities of the two hemagglutination tests were comparable. The MHA-TP test is a valuable confirmatory test for syphilis. Further study is needed before the use of the TPHA test can be recommended.
Linking the physical and mechanical properties of rocks

A clear understanding of the rock physics-rock mechanics link can help to assess the usability and limitations of seismic-inversion driven geomechanical and drilling applications. We review current methods and existing data that relate physical properties of rocks (such as velocity and density) to their mechanical properties (such as static elastic moduli and rock strength). Rock strength is frequently proportional to a static elastic modulus, implying that the strain at failure is approximately constant for many rock types. Failure strain is a simple, robust, and physically meaningful parameter that can simplify how we think about rock strength.
Design and Implementation on Web File Transfer System for Oil Extraction Plant

In this article,it introduces the application of web file transfer system for Oil Extraction Plant and two key points of system implementation.The function module figure and key technology structure figure are given,as well as the simple description.COM technology and its implementation,folder transfer arithmetic and its time space complexity analysis are described in detail.Finally,the evaluation about the system is offered.
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Excessive Risk Taking and Firm Value

We hypothesize that CSR serves as a control mechanism to curb excessive risk taking and to reduce excessive risk avoidance. Firms with CSR focus must balance the interests of multiple stakeholders, and therefore, must allocate resources to satisfy both investing and noninvesting stakeholders’ interests. Using five measures of corporate risk taking and a sample of 1,718 U.S. firms during 1998 to 2011, we find that stronger CSR performance is associated with lower level of risk taking activities for firms with risk taking measures above the industry median. We also find some evidence that CSR performance increases risk taking for firms with risk taking measures below the industry median. We examine the mechanism through which CSR has an impact on firm value and find a positive indirect impact of CSR on firm value through its impact on risk taking. CSR performance is positively associated with firm value because CSR reduces excessive risk taking and risk avoidance.
Minimally invasive device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with a new delivery system

Objective To summary the preliminary clinical experience of minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect(VSD)with a new delivery system without cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods 11 cases of isolated perimembranous VSD,aged 11 months to 12 yeas(median age 3.2 years),underwent minimally invasive device closure with an inferior stemotomy of 3-5 cm,under guidance of transesophageal echocardiography(TEE).Single per-right ven- tricular"U"like-suture was established and a new delivery system was placed,aided by a trocar of 16G, including a guidewire,proper sheath,loading sheath.Proper size of devices was determined by TEE and then the device was released under real-time monitoring of TEE if no significant aortic regurgitation,abnor- mal atrioventricular valvular motion,or residual interventricular shunt,appeared.Results All of the de- fects were successfully unrepeatedly closed.No residual shunt,noticeable aortic or tricuspid regurgitation, or significant arrhythmias,appeared with over 5 months of follow-up.Conclusion Minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of perimembranous VSD with a new delivery system without CPB,is feasible and safe.It is applicable and necessary to evaluate the intermediate and long-tem results.
Thrombocytopenia and vomiting due to difluoromethylornithine

A 32-year-old Haitian male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with complications of Isospora belli enteritis. Therapy with the investigational drug difluoromethylornithine was initiated. Severe thrombocytopenia, nausea, and vomiting developed during intravenous drug therapy and recurred upon rechallenge with low-dose oral difluoromethylornithine. Therapy was discontinued because of these severe adverse effects.
Creep Performance of Silicon Carbide Whisker-Reinforced Alumina

Silicon carbide whisker-reinforced alumina composites have been shown to be significantly more creep-resistant than single phase alumina, although creep strains to failure are lower.1 Failure during creep apparently originates at processing flaws in the composites, which consist primarily of whisker nests and alumina agglomerates. Procedures to reduce the flaw population by use of dispersion processing techniques have been developed. Mixed dispersions of alumina powder and silicon carbide whiskers are pressure-filtered and subsequently hot-pressed in graphite dies. The resulting composites exhibit comparable creep resistance together with significantly greater creep failure strains than externally obtained hot-pressed samples. The oxidation of the composies under creep conditions is discussed.