cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric residency training on domestic violence: A national survey

Objective.—Between 3.3 and 10 million children witness domestic violence (DV) each year. These children are at risk for both emotional and behavioral problems. In 1998, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued guidelines for pediatricians to screen for DV and for residency programs to include DV education. Prior studies have assessed practicing pediatricians' DV screening habits. This study was designed to assess chief residents' attitudes and training regarding DV screening. Methods.—A 53-question survey regarding residents' attitudes and training surrounding DV was mailed to the chief residents of all 194 nonmilitary US pediatric residency programs. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Results.—Sixty-eight percent of surveys were returned. Sixty-eight percent of respondents were female. Although 93% of chief residents felt that pediatricians should screen for DV, only 21% screen every patient. Only 24% agreed or strongly agreed that they felt experienced in handling DV cases. Although 60% of respondents say that they received 11 or more hours of residency training in how to handle child abuse, the majority (80%) received 4 hours or less of DV training. Seventy-one percent agreed or strongly agreed that pediatricians do not screen secondary to lack of training. Conclusions.—Pediatric chief residents believe that DV is a significant pediatric health problem. However, screening practices are variable. Most chief residents feel that their training was not sufficient to make them comfortable screening for DV. Chief residents demonstrated openness to incorporating DV training into their programs, indicating a positive environment for DV curricula.
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty and Anterior Leaflet Augmentation for Functional Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Quantitative Comparison of Coaptation and Subvalvular Tethering

Objective Although restrictive mitral annuloplasty (RMA) has been the preferred surgical treatment of functional ischemic mitral regurgitation (FIMR), some patients with severely dilated left ventricles will experience recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR). Consequently, new surgical strategies have been entertained to compensate for severely dilated ventricles by maximizing coaptation and reducing subvalvular tethering. Anterior leaflet augmentation (ALA) with mitral annuloplasty has been theorized to meet these goals. We compared the mechanistic effects of RMA and adjunct ALA in the setting of FIMR. Methods Mitral valves were mounted in a clinically relevant left heart simulator. The tested conditions included control, FIMR, RMA, and true-size annuloplasty with either a small or large ALA. The A2-P2 leaflet coaptation length, MR, and strut and intermediary chordal forces were quantified. All repairs alleviated the MR. The coaptation length was significantly increased from FIMR to RMA, small ALA, and large ALA ( P P P P Conclusions A large ALA procedure created the greatest coaptation and reduced chordal tethering. Although all repairs abolished MR acutely, the repairs that create the greatest coaptation might conceivably produce a more robust and lasting repair in the chronic stage. A clinical need still exists to best identify which patients with altered mitral valve geometries would most benefit from an adjunct procedure or RMA alone.
Traction-free vibration of layered elastic and piezoelectric rectangular parallelepipeds

A variational method is developed to study the traction-free vibration of layered rectangular elastic and piezoelectric parallelepipeds. The weak form of the equations of motion and the charge equation are formulated in rectangular Cartesian coordinates. Approximate solutions to these equations are sought in a form that combines piecewise linear or quadratic Lagrange basis functions through the layered dimension of the solid with continuous global polynomial or trigonometric functions in the plane. This allows for the necessary discontinuity in the shear strain and normal potential gradient across the interface between layers caused by the mismatch in material properties. Numerical results compare very well with those computed by other techniques for layered elastic and piezoelectric plates with simple support and homogeneous parallelepipeds under stress-free conditions. New results are presented for layered systems.
A numerical study of finite Taylor flows

We make use of Galerkin's procedure and B-spline test functions in this study of finite Taylor flows, with the intention of providing numerical evidence of multiplicity of solution at moderate to large values of the aspect ratio, where the end effects are less conspicuous. The discretized equations are solved via Newton's method, and we employ “minimal” augmentation for tracing fold curves of our two-dimensional manifold of parameters Γ = L/d and R = r1ω/ν, where Γ is the aspect ratio, ω is the rate of rotation of the inner cylinder, R is the Reynolds number, r2 and r1 are cylinder radii, d = r2 − r1 > 0 and the flow field is bounded in the axial direction by stationary planes at z = 0, L. We are able to demonstrate that the development of Taylor cells in R is a continuous process which is not dependent in any qualitative manner on the aspect ratio, for Γ </ 200. We also report 8, 10, 12, and 14 cell solutions at Γ ~ 12.6, the aspect ratio of the experiments of Benjamin and Mullin, on two solutions at Γ = 200, and project a fold line of the equilibrium manifold onto the R-Γ plane. Solutions along this particular curve display a 12A-10N-12A mutation of the flow pattern for monotonically decreasing values of Γ.
Isolation and partial characterization of supernatant and mitochondrial shrimp muscle malate dehydrogenases

Abstract 1. 1. The supernatant and mitochondrial forms of muscle malate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.37) isolated from two closely related species of shrimp have molecular weights and hydrodynamic properties similar to those previously reported for the corresponding enzymes of vertebrates. 2. 2. The catalytic properties of these species more closely resemble those of the vertebrate malate dehydrogenases than those of lower eukaryotes. 3. 3. The electrophoretic behavior of the shrimp malate dehydrogenases indicates that they are comprised of two subunits. 4. 4. The subunits of the shrimp enzymes are non-identical and give rise to three electrophoretically distinguishable isoenzymes of each dehydrogenase.
A Comparison of Available Methods for Determining Salt Levels in Cheese

Abstract Comparative salt analyses were run on seven different types of cheese using each of four methods: Mohr, Volhard, ion selective electrode, and chloride analyzer. The results of Volhard, Mohr, and chloride analyzer methods were similar for unaged cheese varieties, i.e., Mozzarella, Cheddar, Ricotta, Romano, and Provolone, but concentrations detected with the ion selective electrode were lower than the other three methods. Results were similar with aged Cheddar and process cheeses except the Mohr procedure proved unreliable. A constant correction factor could be used to make the ion selective electrode results similar to that obtained with the Volhard procedure.
Chaos control of cardiac arrhythmias.

Chaos theory has shown that many disordered and erratic phenomena are in fact deterministic, and can be understood causally and controlled. The prospect that cardiac arrhythmias might be instances of deterministic chaos is therefore intriguing. We used a recently developed method of chaos control to stabilize a ouabain-induced arrhythmia in rabbit ventricular tissue in vitro. Extension of these results to clinically significant arrhythmias such as fibrillation will require overcoming the additional obstacles of spatiotemporal complexity.
A phenomenology of relaxor ferroelectrics

Abstract We propose a phenomenological theory for the dielectric properties of relaxor ferroelectrics based on the assumption that the polar clusters distributed in highly polarizable host lattice are responsible for the relaxor behavior. Two major differences between relaxors ferroelectrics and conventional orderdisorder ferroelectrics have been employed for the theory: i) the existence of the broad distribution of local fields experienced by each polar cluster; ii) the existence of the distribution of relaxation times giving rise to non-exponential non-critical kinetics which may compete with the critical slowing down near the ferroelectric phase transition. We illustrate numerically predictions of the theory for the dielectric response for relaxors with incipient ferroelectric order like PMN or K 1-x L ix T a O3 (x < 0.022), and for relaxors undergoing true first order ferroelectric phase transitions like PST or PLZT.
A polynomial algorithm for uniqueness of normal forms of linear shallow term rewrite systems

Term rewrite systems are useful in many areas of computer science. Two especially important areas are decision procedures for the word problem of some algebraic systems and rule-based programming. One of the most studied properties of rewrite systems is confluence, and one of the primary benefits of having a confluent rewrite system is that the system also has uniqueness of normal forms. However, uniqueness of normal forms is an interesting property in its own right and well studied. Also, confluence can be too strong a requirement for some applications. In this paper, we study the decidability of uniqueness of normal forms. Uniqueness of normal forms is decidable for ground rewrite systems, but is undecidable in general. This paper shows that the uniqueness of normal forms problem is decidable for the class of linear shallow term rewrite systems, and gives a decision procedure that is polynomial as long as the arities of the function symbols are bounded or the signature is fixed.
Cardiovascular Responses to Effortful Active Coping: Implications for the Role of Stress in Hypertension Development

Recent contributions to the literature on stress and hypertension are discussed. The significance of effortful active coping in evoking sympathetically-mediated heart rate and blood pressure increases is supported by results of studies involving both aversive and appetitive task incentives. Young healthy males who are above-average in heart rate during coping tasks show consistently higher heart rates and systolic pressures during other stresses as well, but are indistinguishable from less reactive persons when relaxed. Studies involving beta-blockade indicate that these above-average cardiovascular increases are partly due to a greater beta-adrenergic response among the high heart rate reactors. In addition, the parents of these high heart rate reactors report a greater incidence of hypertension than parents of low reactors, suggesting that high cardiovascular responses during active coping stress may reflect a high degree of susceptibility to later hypertension.
Comparison of transcript profiling on Arabidopsis microarray platform technologies.

To date there have been few systematic studies comparing the results of transcript profiling from different microarray platform technologies. We evaluated in detail two different Arabidopsis thaliana microarray platforms: our own Genomic Amplicon arrays and the Qiagen long oligonucleotide arrays designed by Operon; furthermore, we cross-validated these arrays against the Affymetrix AG and ATH1 GeneChips. Data were obtained from all three platforms in each of two separate experiments; (1) at 2 h and (2) 8 h following a salicylic acid treatment applied to both wild-type and npr1–3 mutant plants. A total of 20 hybridizations were performed, analyzing the expression of 26 814 unique locusIDs. We demonstrate that intensity rank is a key variable that affects both inter-platform and cross-platform reproducibility. Although general agreement between platform technologies is low, data derived from high signal intensities (90th percentile) can correlate as well between differing platforms as replicates within the same platform (r = 0.4–0.7). We also show that the identification of differentially expressed genes by significance analysis of microarrays is influenced by signal intensity and that overlap between significant gene lists from different platform technologies was as high as 67% when low intensity values were removed. Validation of 41 genes by Northern blot hybridization showed that all platform technologies performed well, qualitatively confirming 83–100% of differential gene expression. Our results suggest that the potential for the broad integration of microarray data from different platforms and laboratories is promising.
Correlation between different measurements within the eye relative to phakic intraocular lens implantation

Purpose To obtain measurements of the white-to-white distance and the anterior chamber and ciliary sulcus diameters in phakic human eyes obtained post-mortem to find a correlation between these measurements. Setting David J. Apple, MD Laboratories for Ophthalmic Devices Research, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Methods Twenty-two phakic human eyes obtained from eye banks within 24 hours of death were evaluated. The following measurements were performed: white-to-white distance, anterior chamber diameter with a plastic sizer after a small limbal incision, and anterior chamber and ciliary sulcus diameters after fixation and sagittal section of the eyes. The first 10 eyes were studied at the 6 o'clock to 12 o'clock meridian and the last 12 eyes, at the 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock meridian. Results A positive correlation was found between the white-to-white measurements and the anterior chamber diameter in the 10 eyes studied at the 6 o'clock to 12 o'clock meridian but not in the 12 eyes studied at the 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock meridian. The latter is the meridian frequently used by surgeons to perform white-to-white measurements and thus choose the overall size of the phakic intraocular lens to be implanted. No correlation was found between the white-to-white measurements and the ciliary sulcus diameter in the 2 meridians. Conclusion Experimental studies using cadaver eyes are helpful in evaluating sizing techniques for phakic IOL implantation as well as in better understanding the anatomical relationships between ocular structures.
On constructing realizable, conservative mixed scalar equations using the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian theory

The eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) turbulence theory has been applied to the covariance spectrum of two passive isotropic scalars with different diffusivities in stationary isotropic turbulence. A rigorous application of EDQNM, which introduces no new modelling assumptions or constants, is shown to yield a covariance spectrum that violates the Cauchy–Schwartz inequality over some of the wavenumbers. One approach to this problem is to derive a model based on a stochastic differential equation, as its presence guarantees realizability. For an isotropic scalar, it is possible to construct a Langevin equation for the Fourier transform of the scalar concentrations that is consistent with each EDQNM scalar autocorrelation spectrum. The Langevin equations can then be used to construct a model for the covariance spectrum that is realizable. However, the resulting covariance transfer term does not properly conserve the scalar covariance, and so the model is still not satisfactory. The problem can be traced to the Markovianization step, which leads to the presence of the scalar diffusivities in the transfer functions in an unphysical fashion. A simple fix is described which reconciles the two approaches and gives conservative, realizable results for all time.Next, we apply the EDQNM theory to a more general system involving the mixing of anisotropic scalars. Anisotropy in this case results from a uniform mean gradient of the two scalar concentrations in one direction. As with the isotropic scalars, direct application of the EDQNM closure results in a covariance spectrum that violates the Cauchy–Schwartz inequality; however, in this case it is not as simple to construct a Langevin model that reproduces all of the spectral interactions that result from the EDQNM procedure. Nevertheless, we show that the same modification of the inverse time scale as is done for the isotropic scalar results in an anisotropic scalar covariance spectrum that is realizable for all times.
Hierarchies and Household Change in Postrevolutionary Cuba

Although the matrifocal basis of the Cuban family, especially the close relationship between a woman, her children, and her female kin group, has historical roots in slavery, it is sustained by contemporary postrevolutionary structural forces, as seen by the dramatic increase in female-headed households in this period. In particular, matrifocality is linked to (1) the increase in women's labor force participation, which gave women more economic autonomy; (2) household structure, including the prevalence of consensual unions and of the extended family, that provides women with an alternative source of support; and (3) the leveling of prerevolutionary class and racial hierarchies, which eroded the prior status value of legal marriage. The increasing inequality arising in the Special Period poses dangers to this leveling and to Cuban women's autonomy, particularly among the competitive emerging sector of white-collar workers in tourism and other new enterprises.
Abstract 432: Expression of PITX2 is correlated with invasiveness in breast cancer cells and its downregulation reduces invasive potential

Objective We have previously found that PITX2 expression in the bone marrow (BM) of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer correlates with the development of distant disease. PITX2 is not expressed in the BM of normal volunteers, and thus the source of PITX2 is likely to be disseminated tumor cells which lodge in the bone marrow. PITX2 plays a well-defined role in development. This study was conducted to understand the role of expression of PITX2 in the breast cancer phenotype. Experimental procedures PITX2 has three different transcript variants. The RNA expression level of each transcript variant was determined by qRT-PCR using specific primers designed for each isoforms in a variety of breast cancer cell lines. PITX2 was stably silenced using shRNA lentiviral constructs against all isoforms of PITX2 (Sigma, St. Louis) and selecting with puromycin. Individual clones were selected and tested for PITX2 expression. Those cells with near total knockdown of the gene were used for matrigel invasion assays using manufacturer9s protocols. Briefly, about 3 × 10 4 cells were suspended in growth factor free media and added to each well of invasion chamber and complete growth medium was added to the lower chamber as chemoattractant. The number of cells which invaded was counted at 24h and 48h after seeding. Control cells included empty vector, a non-targeting sequence, and shRNA against the unrelated gene, Beta 2- Microglobulin. The number of invasive cells were counted from five different fields from each well and tallied. Percentage invasion was calculated as the number of cells passed through the Matrigel to the total number of cells before harvest. All experiments were repeated three times. Results PITX2 isoforms A and B were found to be expressed in the invasive cell lines MDA MB 231 and C1A1 while none of the isoforms were expressed in non-invasive cell lines MCF7 and MCF10A. In matrigel invasion assay, the knockdown of PITX2 substantially reduced invasiveness compared to the controls. There was a 63.8 % reduction in invasion in PITX2 deficient cells at 24 hrs and 72.6 % reduction at 48 hrs compared to the parental MDA MB 231 cells. ConclusionPITX2 is expressed in breast cancer cell lines which have the ability invade and is not expressed in cell lines which cannot invade. Silencing of PITX2 in breast cancer cell lines abrogates the ability of breast cancer cells to invade. These findings combined with our clinic data suggest that PITX2 plays an important role in the invasiveness of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 432.
Blunted pathogen-associated molecular pattern motif induced TNF, IL-6 and IL-10 production from whole blood in dogs with lymphoma.

Lymphoma is associated with a higher risk of sepsis as compared to other forms of neoplasia in people and dogs which might be due to alterations in cytokine production. The objective of this study was to compare bacterial pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) motif-induced TNF, IL-6, and IL-10 response of whole blood from dogs with naive lymphoma and healthy dogs. We hypothesized that whole blood from dogs with lymphoma would exhibit an impaired cytokine response to LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and peptidoglycan (PG) stimulation compared to whole blood from healthy dogs. Whole blood was collected from dogs with lymphoma (n=20) and healthy dogs (n=15) and stimulated with PAMPs or phosphate buffered saline. Whole blood production of TNF, IL-6 and IL-10 was measured. Whole blood from dogs with lymphoma had reduced TNF, IL-6 and IL-10 production capacity after LPS, LTA and PG stimulation compared to whole blood from healthy dogs. These data could partially explain why dogs with lymphoma have a higher risk for infection compared to dogs with other forms of neoplasia.
Cultural Implications of the 12-Step Approach in Addictions Treatment and Recovery

The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to discover care dimensions for substance-dependent African American women in an inner city transitional home focused on the women's treatment and recovery. As residents of a transitional home, all of the women were required to participate in the 12-step program. Diversity in meanings and experiences with the 12-step program was discovered to influence the women's involvement in the 12-step program and ultimately their recovery for substance abuse. Ethnographic techniques of observation, participation, and focused in-depth interviews were used to collect data in the research context of an inner city transitional home for substance abuse. With many treatment programs based on a Euro-American 12-step philosophy, it is important for nurses and other health care providers working with an increasingly multicultural diverse client population to understand the cultural implications of the 12-step program.
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis After Infliximab Therapy for Sarcoidosis: A Potential Mechanism Related to T-Helper Cytokine Balance

We report a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis that occurred in a man receiving infliximab for systemic sarcoidosis. His symptoms associated with ABPA were temporally related to his infliximab infusions. We suspect that infliximab disrupted the T-helper (Th) type 1-Th2 lymphocyte balance such that Th2 cytokines were left relatively unopposed, promoting the development of ABPA.
Downcrossings and local time

and computed the second moment of the difference of the expressions in (1) and (2). In this paper, by examining the excursions in Brownian motion and using a new formula for the distribution of their maxima, we obtain a direct identification of the limit in (1) without using (2). Let Tx=inf{t: W(t )=x} , Tx=inf{t: Y( t )=x} . For a > 0 let R~=0, R~= T/, + T/~ o Or,~, and for n> 2 let R~= R~,_ 1 + R~ o OR~_ 1 . Here {0~, t>0} is the usual collection of shift operators: W(s, Ot co) = W(s + t, co) and if S is a random variable, Os=O t on {S=t}. If S is a random variable, let d , (S )=sup{n: R~, 0 for ~ < s < fl; { Y(s, co), c~ < s < fl} is called an excursion if
Evaporation heat transfer in thin biporous media

This paper deals with the evaporation heat transfer mechanism in thin biporous media that have two characteristic capillary pore radii. The character of the two levels of pore sizes allows the liquid phase to easily occupy the void space of the small pores and vapor phase to occupy the void space of the big pores. Compared with mono-porous media, biporous media increase the number of small evaporating menisci with high heat transfer performance. Evaporation heat transfer in pores of porous media is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the average heat transfer coefficient increases with the capillary pore size reduction. Under the assumption of the uniform structure of biporous media, a calculation method to predict heat transfer performance for the evaporation in thin biporous media is given. The preliminary results reflect the behavior of observed vaporization heat transfer in thin biporous media well.
Another house divided: Union Medical Service and sectarians during the Civil War.

Le contexte profesionnel de la medecine militaire est analyse durant la guerre civile du XIX e siecle aux Etats-Unis. Il demontre la pratique de la medecine dans un contexte d'interet et la division de la medecine dans le pays
Full likelihood inferences in the Cox model: an empirical likelihood approach

For the regression parameter β 0 in the Cox model, there have been several estimators constructed based on various types of approximated likelihood, but none of them has demonstrated small-sample advantage over Cox’s partial likelihood estimator. In this article, we derive the full likelihood function for (β 0, F 0), where F 0 is the baseline distribution in the Cox model. Using the empirical likelihood parameterization, we explicitly profile out nuisance parameter F 0 to obtain the full-profile likelihood function for β 0 and the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for (β 0, F 0). The relation between the MLE and Cox’s partial likelihood estimator for β 0 is made clear by showing that Taylor’s expansion gives Cox’s partial likelihood estimating function as the leading term of the full-profile likelihood estimating function. We show that the log full-likelihood ratio has an asymptotic chi-squared distribution, while the simulation studies indicate that for small or moderate sample sizes, the MLE performs favorably over Cox’s partial likelihood estimator. In a real dataset example, our full likelihood ratio test and Cox’s partial likelihood ratio test lead to statistically different conclusions.
Tripping on the HIPAA Hurdle

There can be no doubt that chart reviews, clinical experiences, and other forms of retrospective data-gathering over the past century have contributed significantly to progress in medical science a...
Sociology, narrative, and the quality versus quantity debate (Goethe versus Newton): Can computer-assisted story grammars help us understand the rise of Italian fascism (1919–1922)?

At the heart of this article is a structural approach to narrative, based on the work of Propp, Labov, van Dijk, Halliday, and others. The article highlights the structural features of narrative—basically, the organization of the genre around the semantic template actor-action-actor (syntactically rendered as subject-verb-object but where, in narrative, the subject is typically a social actor and the verb a social action) and the modifiers of each element of this triplet, such as time and space of action—and shows how to implement this structure in a computer environment and how to use this methodological tool in socio-historical research (namely, the rise of Italian fascism, 1919–22). But, taking a cue from Halliday’s cover jacket of his An Introduction to Functional Grammar, with its representation of a color circle, the paper takes the reader on an intellectual journey from Newton to Goethe—and the quality versus quantity debate—to Goethe and Propp, to end, back home, with Simmel and Weber.
Effect of reflow and thermal aging on the microstructure and microhardness of Sn-3.7Ag-xBi solder alloys

This work investigates the effect of reflow and the thermal aging process on the microstructural evolution and microhardness of five types of Sn-Ag based lead-free solder alloys: Sn-3.7Ag, Sn-3.7Ag-1Bi, Sn-3.7Ag-2Bi, Sn-3.7Ag-3Bi, and Sn-3.7Ag-4Bi. The microhardness and microstructure of the solders for different cooling rates after reflow at 250°C and different thermal aging durations at 150°C for air-cooled samples have been studied. The effect of Bi is discussed based on the experimental results. It was found that the microhardness increases with increasing Bi addition to Sn-3.7Ag solder regardless of reflow or thermal aging process. Scanning electron microscopy images show the formation of Ag3Sn particles, Sn-rich phases, and precipitation of Bi-rich phases in different solders. The increase of microhardness with Bi addition is due to the solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening provided by Bi in the solder. The trend of decrease in microhardness with increasing duration of thermal aging was observed.
Food intake in Blattella germanica (L.) nymphs affects hydrocarbon synthesis and its allocation in adults between epicuticle and reproduction

The causal relationship between food intake and hydrocarbon synthesis was examined in vivo and in vitro. Fed Blattella germanica (L.) nymphs synthesized hydrocarbons in a stage-specific manner, with high rates occurring in the first 6 days of a 13-day last stadium, in relation to feeding. A similar pattern was exhibited in vitro by sternites and tergites from fed nymphs. In contrast, starved nymphs synthesized hydrocarbons at normal rates for the first 2 days, but then synthesis declined and ceased by day 6. Their abdominal sternites and tergites displayed a similar biosynthetic pattern in vitro, showing that starved tissues lost the capacity to synthesize hydrocarbons, even when provided appropriate nutrients. Synthesis resumed within 2 days of being fed on day 6, reaching a maximum rate 6 days later. Some hydrocarbon appeared on the nymphal cuticle, but almost 4-fold more hydrocarbon was internal in hemolymph lipophorin, fat body, and the developing imaginal cuticle. Because most hydrocarbon synthesized in nymphs provisions the adult, and synthesis is related to food intake, we examined trade-offs in allocations in food-limited insects. Nymphs provided with insufficient quantities of food allocated normal amounts of hydrocarbons to the nymphal epicuticle, but molted into smaller adults with significantly less internal hydrocarbons. These cockroaches directed nearly normal amounts of hydrocarbons to their epicuticle, oocytes, and oothecae, at the cost of internal hydrocarbon reserves for repair and subsequent gonotrophic cycles. Hydrocarbons, thus, appear to serve an important cross-stadial resource and the object of competition among several nymphal and adult tissues. Arch. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Validation of glypican-3-specific scFv isolated from paired display/secretory yeast display library

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a heparan-sulfate proteoglycan frequently expressed on the cell membrane of malignant hepatocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma. The capacity for screening potential antibodies in vitro using human hepatocellular lines is critical to ensure binding to this highly post-translationally modified glycophosphatidylinositiol-linked protein. We hypothesized that we could utilize a recently described paired display/secretory yeast library to isolate human-derived scFv against glypican-3 for potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic application. Using two different biotinylated antigen targets, a synthesized 29mer fragment GPC3550-558 and a truncated GPC3368-548 fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST) we enriched the yeast display library to greater than 30% target-specific yeast with both positive selection and depletion of streptavidin- and GST-specific clones. After cloning of scFv cDNA from the enriched sub-library, scFv specificity was validated by ELISA for binding to recombinant protein from prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources and ultimately naturally presented human protein on the cell membrane of human hepatocellular cell lines. Specificity was confirmed using non-expressing cell lines and shRNA knockdown. Ultimately, five unique scFv with affinity EC50 ranging from 5.0-110.9nM were identified. Using a paired display/secretory yeast library, five novel and unique scFvs for potential humoral or chimeric therapeutic development in human hepatocellular carcinoma were isolated and characterized.
Structure of Guar in Solutions of H2O and D2O: An Ultra-Small-Angle Light-Scattering Study

We examine the structure of guar as a function of concentration in both H2O and D2O using several different scattering techniques. The range of scattering vectors spans 5 decades (143 cm-1 < q < 10.3 × 106 cm-1), providing insight into the supramolecular and local organization of the chains. This allows us to directly characterize the large-scale aggregate structure of the guar, which can be on the order of 100 μm. The aggregates are most likely loosely interconnected with single chains and other aggregates, and the structure and organization are critical in determining solution viscoelastic properties. The solubility is poorer in D2O, as evidenced by larger aggregates, higher scattering intensities, a slightly higher fractal dimension, and a sublinear concentration dependence of the intensity. Aggregates were found in dilute neutral guar solutions as well as in cationic guar solutions (in H2O), whether screened or unscreened. The presence of aggregates at all concentrations for neutral and charged guar i...
Mixed-Valence, Layered, Cation Radical Salts of the Ethane-Bridged Dimeric Tetrathiafulvalene [(EDT-TTF−CH2−)2•+][X-][THF]0.5, X- = FeCl4-, GaCl4-

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of the ethane-linked dimeric tetrathiafulvalene [(EDT-TTF−CH2)2], 1,2-bis(ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalenyl)ethane (1), is reported. It oxidizes reversibly at 0.45 and 0.90 V vs SCE. Electrocrystallization in the presence of [n-Bu4N][FeCl4] or [n-Bu4N][GaCl4] affords isostructural, mixed-valence conducting 1:1 salts [1•+][FeCl4-][THF]0.5 and [1•+][GaCl4-][THF]0.5 whose X-ray crystal structures are described. The intercalation of the tetrahedral anions within the organic slabs and the resulting sliding of the molecular diads on top of each other give rise to both 1D- and 2D-type HOMO···HOMO interactions whose origin is correlated with the details of the peculiar overlap patterns obtained with those dimeric tetrathiafulvalenes. The weak paramagnetism observed in the GaCl4- salt due to the organic spins of the conducting slabs is hidden in the FeCl4- salt by the S = 5/2 Fe(III) contribution. The absence of sizable magnetic interactions between the organic and FeCl4- ...
Transverse-magnetization recovery in the rotating frame

The transverse relaxation of F19 nuclei in Teflon in the rotating frame at exact resonance has been studied by using rf fields large compared to the local field in this solid. Various pulse sequences are explored which serve to trace out the decay of the magnetization in the rotating frame and, further, to recover the magnetization lost under the action of secular dipolar terms and of the inhomogeneity of the rf magnetic field. It is found theoretically, and partially confirmed experimentally, that the rotary free-induction decay can be refocussed even after the spin system has presumably attained a steady state in the rotating frame, contrary to the assumption of the spin-temperature approximation.
ERK and p38 MAP Kinase Pathways Are Mediators of Intestinal Epithelial Wound-Induced Signal Transduction☆

Repair of gastrointestinal epithelial injury involves cell migration, proliferation, and specific gene expression. The pathways responsible for epithelial wound signal transduction are poorly understood. Mechanical wounding of IEC-6 cell monolayers resulted in rapid activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase pathways, while c-Jun amino-terminal protein kinases were not significantly activated. Two minutes after wounding cells at the wound edge strongly expressed cytoplasmic phospho-ERK. By five minutes, immunostaining was concentrated within the nucleus. Consistent with activated MAP kinase signaling cascades (which phosphorylate transcription factors implicated in immediate-early gene induction), monolayer wounding resulted in greater than 30- and 8-fold increases in c-Fos and early growth response-1 mRNA by Northern blot analysis, peaking at 20 minutes. Only slight increases in c-Jun mRNA were detected. Thus, intestinal epithelial wound signal transduction is, at least in part, mediated by activation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase signaling cascades. ERK and p38 pathways may regulate pathophysiologically relevant genes in wound repair by the induction of transcription factors.
Instabilities of a Cylindrical Electron-Hole Plasma in a Magnetic Field

The stability of an electron-hole plasma carrying current in a parallel magnetic field is investigated. The theory employed is a generalization of the treatment Kadomtsev and Nedospasov applied to gas discharges. In its generalized form it is applicable to plasmas produced either by injection or by impact ionization and no restrictions are placed upon the magnitude of the magnetic field, provided the classical, linearized treatment is appropriate. The possibility of finite plasma densities at the surface of the crystal is included in an approximate manner. Instabilities are predicted, and the calculated values of the electric field, magnetic field, and lowest oscillation frequency which occur at the onset of instability are compared with available observations, including those of the "Oscillistor." Agreement is reasonably satisfactory.
Sucrose concentration alters fermentation kinetics, products, and carbon fates during in vitro fermentation with mixed ruminal microbes.

Effects of sucrose (Suc) concentration on fermentation kinetics and products were evaluated using 3 concentrations of Suc, with 1 concentration of isolated NDF from Bermudagrass fermented together in batch culture in vitro with rumen inoculum. Fixed amounts of medium and inoculum were the protein sources, so protein:Suc decreased with increasing Suc. Kinetics were calculated from gas production over 48 h in a randomized complete block design (n = 28), and product yield was evaluated with sampling every 4 h for 24 h in a split-split plot in time design (n = 84). Fermentation vial was the experimental unit. Increasing Suc increased the lag time of rapidly (P 1 indicate incorporation of C from the medium, likely from AA and peptides. The results support the premises that direct effects of Suc concentration and perhaps protein:Suc alter yields of fermentation products. That substrate concentration altered fermentation products and kinetics, possibly due to interactions with the run conditions, advises the clear definition of substrates and fermentation conditions to determine how the results integrate into our knowledge of ruminant nutrition.
Neurosecretory systems in decapod crustacea.

The sinus glands of the Brachyura are composed of swollen nerve fiber endings, which store and release secretory material synthesized within cells of the eyestalks, the brain and probably the thoracic ganglionic mass. Removal of the sinus glands from the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, does not induce molt, because sinus glands are reservoirs, not sources, of molt-inhibiting hormone. Increase in respiratory rate and fall in respiratory quotient, which follow eyestalk removal and signify the approach of molt, do not occur after sinus gland removal.
MIcroantenna Arrays: Technology and Applications (MIATA)--an overview

We present a summary view of the DARPA MIATA program. This program is an effort to push the technology of mmW focal plane arrays towards smaller, lighter, and less expensive implementations, thereby increasing the military utility of this technology.
Data Acquisition with a Nuclear Microprobe

Spatially resolved information from the near surfaces of materials can be obtained with a nuclear microprobe. The spatial resolution is determined by the optics of the instrument and radiation damage in the specimen. Two- and three-dimensional maps of elemental concentration may be obtained from the near surfaces of materials. Data are acquired by repeated scans of a constantly moving beam over the region of interest or by counting for a preset integrated charge at each specimen location.
Impact of Seed Lot Infection on the Development of Black Dot and Verticillium Wilt of Potato in Washington.

Abstract The fungi Colletotrichum coccodes and Verticillium dahliae are two pathogens of potato which are prevalent in potato field soils and seed tubers. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of seed lot infection by C. coccodes and V. dahliae on disease severity and yield using infested seed lots and fields with and without potato in their recent cropping histories. Greater incidence of C. coccodes in seed led to more root colonization in 2008 (both field types) but not in 2007 and did not influence tuber quantity or yield. Incidence of infection in seed lots by V. dahliae was not related to canopy necrosis, infection of progeny tubers, or yield. However, seed lots exhibited more V. dahliae aboveground vascular colonization, canopy necrosis, infested plant debris, and infected progeny tubers in 5-year potato rotation fields compared with long potato rotation fields. In general, foliar disease symptoms and yield reductions were not related to levels of either pathogen in seed lots....
Interaction Dynamics in Collaborative Design Discourse

Computer conferencing is an important emerging technology that promises to have dramatic effects on coordi- nating the development of large-scale engineering projects . The technology provides instant inexpensive access to all those involved in a project, thereby reducing project costs and enhancing quality. This article outlines key principles that are necessary to realize the full potential of computer- mediated communication and coordination of group work in the architecture/engineering/construction (AEC) industry. The approaches proposed are based on an analysis of col- laborative design discourse data in physical meeting set- tings. The interactions of group members have been mod- eled, and the results have been statistically verified . Based on this model, deficiencies in current computer-mediated com- munication are outlined, and a set of principles for effective conferencing systems is formulated to address these defficien- cies. Implementations of these recommendations have been integrated into a distributed collaborative design tool being developed by this research group .
Real-Time Reconstruction and High-Speed Processing in Functional MR Imaging

Access to fully processed activation maps in near real time during a functional MR examination enables run-to-run assessment of results. This is particularly useful in clinical studies, since the results of the functional MR examination can be ascertained before the patient leaves the MR suite, permitting interactive tailoring of the functional MR study. We describe how a real-time MR system can be customized to complete the following tasks in less than 3 minutes: obtain an 81-second acquisition of a multisection functional MR imaging time series using single-shot echo-planar imaging, perform image reconstruction, extract functional MR activation maps using cross-correlation and thresholding, and superimpose activation maps on previously acquired T1-weighted anatomic images.
Strategic Versus Collaborative Power Control in Relay Fading Channels

Relaying is often advocated for improving system performance by enhancing spatial diversity in wireless networks. Relay nodes make contributions to improving the source-destination link quality by sacrificing their own energy. In this paper, we address the issue of energy tradeoff made by relay nodes between transmitting their own data and forwarding other nodes' information in fading channels. Assuming channel state information (CSI) on fading amplitudes is perfectly known to both transmitters and receivers, we propose two power control and relaying policies. One is based on a strategic motivation, where each node functions as a relay and minimizes its own energy expenditure while meeting the outage probability requirement of all nodes. The second approach is based on complete collaboration, where the total energy consumption across all nodes is minimized. Numerical results demonstrate a significant impact of CSI on energy saving in relaying as compared with the relaying scheme without power control. In most cases, collaborative relaying dominates over the non-cooperative strategic one in the sense that the former not only minimizes total energy but also reduces individual energy expenditure of all nodes. This implies once forwarding and relaying is adopted across various nodes, exchanging of CSI becomes crucial, and collaborative energy minimization rather than the non-cooperative strategic approach should be pursued.
The geometric approximation of physical properties

Abstract Electric dipole polarizabilities of the Ne isoelectronic sequence, the Be atom, the H 2 molecule, a pair of interacting He atoms, and the magnetic susceptibility of the H 2 molecule are calculated by the geometric approximation. The numerical results are comparable to those obtained from the coupled Hartree-Fock method. It is also proved that the geometric approximation provides an approximation to the coupled Hatree-Fock second-order energy. Other remarks on the geometric approximation are also given.
An outline of linear programming

Linear programming deals with the maximization or minimization of linear functions subject to linear inequality constraints. Definitions and practical examples are given in Section 2. Section 3 gives a geometric interpretation of the simplex algorithm. Section 4 develops the mathematical theory of duality and gives heuristic interpretations in terms of shadow prices. Section 5 studies those linear programs for which integer solutions are normally required and discusses those cases in which integer solutions arise naturally and those in which special techniques must be used.
Velocity Anisotropy of Upper Mantle: ABSTRACT

End_Page 469------------------------------During the summer of 1966 a joint marine refraction survey was conducted across the Hawaiian arch by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the University of Hawaii, Oregon State University, and the University of Wisconsin. Conventional and unique types of refraction profiles were shot to study the directional dependence of velocity or velocity anisotropy of the mantle and the depth configuration of the Mohorovicic discontinuity. A two-dimensional delay time function method was used to study (1) the anisotropy and (2) the delay-time surface. The upper mantle was found to display compressional velocity anisotropy amounting to about 0.6 km/sec difference between the maximum and minimum velocities with the direction of maximum velocity being east-west. The delay time surface suggests t at, as expected from earlier work, the mantle is generally shallow along the crest of the arch. The shallowest region occurs near the southeast end of the arch, where it intersects the Molokai fracture zone. The mantle deepens southwest of the crest of the arch as the Hawaiian deep is approached. End_of_Article - Last_Page 470------------
Minimum bases for equational theories of groups and rings: The work of Alfred Tarski and Thomas Green

Abstract Suppose that T is an equational theory of groups or of rings. If T is finitely axiomatizable, then there is a least number μ so that T can be axiomatized by μ equations. This μ can depend on the operation symbols that occur in T . In the 1960s, Tarski and Green completely determined the values of μ for arbitrary equational theories of groups and of rings. While Tarski and Green announced the results of their collaboration in 1970, the only fuller publication of their work occurred as part of a seminar led by Tarski at Berkeley during the 1968–69 academic year. The present paper gives a full account of their findings and their proofs.