cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Renal disease profoundly alters cortical interstitial cell function.

Renal disease profoundly alters cortical interstitial cell function. Interstitial cells were cultured from explants of the unilaterally hydronephrotic, contralateral, and normal kidneys. Two types of cells were identified in culture, macrophages, and cells which were tentatively identified as fibroblasts. Cells grew at a significantly faster rate in hydronephrotic compared to contralateral or normal kidneys. Cells from the hydronephrotic kidney increased prostaglandin (PG)E 2 production in response to bradykinin. Cells from contralateral and normal renal cortex did not increase PGE 2 production in response to bradykinin. These results indicate hydronephrosis induces functional changes in interstitial cells cultured from the cortex of hydronephrotic compared to contralateral and normal kidneys. The induction of increased PGE 2 synthesis and bradykinin responsiveness in hydronephrotic cortex could be related to the exaggerated prostaglandin synthesis known to occur in hydronephrotic cortex. In hydronephrosis, cortical interstitial cells elaborate increased amounts of substances such as prostaglandins which have the capacity to modulate important parameters of renal function. La maladie renale altere profondement le fonctionnement cellulaire interstitiel cortical. Des cellules interstitielles ont ete cultivees a partir d'explants de reins hydronephrotiques unilateraux, controlateraux et normaux. Deux types de cellules ont ete identifies en culture, des macrophages et des cellules qui ont ete identifiees comme des fibroblastes. Les cellules grandissaient a une vitesse significativement plus grande chez les reins hydronephrotiques par rapport aux reins controlateraux ou normaux. Les cellules d'un rein hydronephrotique augmentaient la production de prostaglandines (PG) E 2 en reponse a la bradykinine. Des cellules de cortex renal controlateral et normal n'augmentaient pas la production de PGE 2 en reponse a la bradykinine. Ces resultats indiquent que l'hydronephrose induit des modifications fonctionnelles des cellules interstitielles cultivees a partir du cortex de rein hydronephrotique par rapport aux reins controlateraux et normaux. L'induction d'une augmentation de synthese de PGE 2 et d'une sensibilite a la bradykinine dans le cortex hydronephrotique pourrait etre reliee a une synthese de prostaglandines exageree, connue pour se produire dans le cortex hydronephrotique. Dans l'hydronephrose, les cellules interstitielles corticales elaborent des quantites accrues de substances comme les prostaglandines qui ont la capacite de moduler des parametres importants de la fonction renale.
Leukoaraiosis in asymptomatic adult offspring of individuals with Alzheimer's disease

The presence of white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has been referred to by Hachinski (1987) as leukoaraiosis, is frequently noted in elderly individuals in conditions ranging from health to frank dementia. This study involved the use of MRI to document cerebral structure if 41 healthy 50-60-year-old individuals, 28 of whom were offspring of Alzheimer's disease victims. On visual inspection of spin-echo images, 13 of the 28 offspring showed white matter lesions whereas all of the controls were free of leukoaraiosis. This statistically significant difference suggests that the presence of leukoaraiosis might be of importance in understanding changes in the white matter among populations at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease.
Nucleoside Diphosphate-sugar 4-Epimerases I. Uridine Diphosphate Glucose 4-Epimerase of Wheat Germ.

Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-arabinose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.5) has been purified at least 20-fold from wheat germ by MnCl2 treatment, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, dialysis, and Sephadex and diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme has no action on UDP-d-glucose, UDP-d-glucuronic acid, or TDP-d-glucose. The pH optimum is 8.0. Km values are 1.5 mM for UDP-d-xylose and 0.5 mm for UDP-l-arabinose. The equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction UDP-l-arabinose ⇆ UDP-d-xylose is 1.25. The enzyme is neither activated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nor inhibited by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is completely inhibited by p-chloromercuri-phenylsulfonate; the inhibition is reversed by cysteine.
Activated protein C analog promotes neurogenesis and improves neurological outcome after focal ischemic stroke in mice via protease activated receptor 1.

3K3A-APC is a recombinant analog of activated protein C (APC) which is an endogenous protease with multiple functions in the body. Compared to APC, 3K3A-APC has reduced anticoagulant activity but preserved cell signaling activities. In the brain, 3K3A-APC exerts neuroprotective effects after an acute or chronic injury. 3K3A-APC is currently under clinical assessment as a neuroprotective agent following acute ischemic stroke. Whether 3K3A-APC can influence post-ischemic neurogenesis and improve neurological outcome by promoting brain repair remains unknown. Here we show that murine 3K3A-APC 0.8 mg/kg intraperitoneally given at 12 h, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) in mice compared to vehicle improves significantly sensorimotor and locomotor activity 7 and 14 days after stroke, reduces infarct and edema volumes 7 days after stroke by 43% (P<0.05) and 50% (P<0.05), respectively, increases the number of newly formed neuroblasts in the subventricular zone, corpus callosum and the peri-infarct area 7 days after stroke by 2.2-fold, 2.3-fold and 2.2-fold (P<0.05), respectively, and increases the cortical width index 14 days after stroke by 28% (P<0.05). Functional outcome in 3K3A-APC-treated group, but not in vehicle-treated group, correlated inversely with the reductions in the infarct volume, and positively with the number of neuroblasts migrating in the peri-infarct area and the cortical width index. The effects of 3K3A-APC on neuroprotection, neurogenesis and brain repair were lost in protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) deficient mice. Thus, late therapy with 3K3A-APC is neuroprotective and promotes stroke-induced neurogenesis and repair through PAR1 in mice.
I never saw that before: A deeper view of video analysis in teacher education

Abstract This article presents a method for observation and analysis of video tapes called “deep viewing.” Deep viewing is a method for observation and analysis of visual information through the use of communal talk, pictures, and writing. It offers a framework for analyzing visual information and for building meaning from it. It may be used by educators, preservice teachers, students, artists, researchers, and general audiences to examine different kinds of visual information—video, film, television, computer programs, art work, print advertisements, or field observations. Applications of deep viewing to teacher education are explained. The deep viewing method is described, and extension activities that connect information gained through an examination of video tapes to a greater understanding of teaching are detailed. Examples of comments made by preservice teachers who have used the method are presented and, in order to illustrate a range of understandings that may be gained through its use, adaptation...
Analysis of Tropical Cyclogenesis in the Western North Pacific for 2000 and 2001

Abstract High-resolution satellite data and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data are used to analyze 34 tropical cyclone (TC) genesis events in the western North Pacific during the 2000 and 2001 typhoon seasons. Three types of synoptic-scale disturbances are identified in the pregenesis stages. They are tropical cyclone energy dispersions (TCEDs), synoptic wave trains (SWTs) unrelated to preexisting TCs, and easterly waves (EWs). Among the total 34 TC genesis cases, 6 are associated with TCEDs, 11 cases are associated with SWTs, and 7 cases are associated with EWs. The analyses presented herein indicate that the occurrence of a TCED depends on the TC intensity and the background flow, with stronger cyclones and weaker background easterlies being more likely to induce a Rossby wave train. Not all Rossby wave trains would lead to the formation of a new TC. Among the 11 SWT cases, 4 cases are triggered by equatorial mixed Rossby–gravity waves. Cyclogenesis events associated with EWs are identified by the westward propa...
Measurements in buoyancy-opposing laminar flow over a vertical forward-facing step

Abstract Measurements are reported for buoyancy-opposing laminar mixed convection flow over a vertical, two-dimensional forward-facing step, in which the upstream wall of the step simulated an adiabatic surface, while both the step and the downstream wall from the step were heated to a uniform temperature that was higher than the approaching air temperature. Results presented in this paper are for a step height of 0.8 cm, over a range of free stream velocities 0.39 m s −1 ≤ u ∞ ≤ 0.71 m s −1 and a range of temperature differences 0°C ≤ ΔT ≤ 35°C between the heated surface and the free stream. Laser-Doppler velocimeter and cold-wire anemometer were used to measure, respectively, the air velocities and the temperature distributions simultaneously. Flow visualizations were also used to observe the nature of the flow and to measure the length of the recirculation region downstream of the forward-facing step. The results reveal that the buoyancy-opposing force due to the downstream wall heating affects significantly the velocity and temperature distributions, the local Nusselt number, and the location and the size of the recirculation region downstream of the step.
History Dependent Recovery of NBTI under Alternating DC and AC Stress

Fast NBTI recovery experiments performed for alternating DC and AC stress modes show that recovery behavior is strongly influenced by degradation history. Proper modeling of PMOS recovery in circuits as well as projections of product lifetime must comprehend the interaction of DC and AC usage states.
Dual‐plastic hinge design concept for reducing higher‐mode effects on high‐rise cantilever wall buildings

This paper explores the notion of detailing reinforced concrete structural walls to develop base and mid-height plastic hinges to better control the seismic response of tall cantilever wall buildings to strong shaking. This concept, termed here dual-plastic hinge (DPH) concept, is used to reduce the effects of higher modes of response in high-rise buildings. Higher modes can significantly increase the flexural demands in tall cantilever wall buildings. Lumped-mass Euler–Bernoulli cantilevers are used to model the case-study buildings examined in this paper. Buildings with 10, 20 and 40 stories are designed according to three different approaches: ACI-318, Eurocode 8 and the proposed DPH concept. The buildings are designed and subjected to three-specific historical strong near-fault ground motions. The investigation clearly shows the dual-hinge design concept is effective at reducing the effects of the second mode of response. An advantage of the concept is that, when combined with capacity design, it can result in relaxation of special reinforcing detailing in large portions of the walls. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Scalar Advection Schemes in the Advanced Research WRF Model Using Large-Eddy Simulations of Aerosol–Cloud Interactions

In the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW), versions 3.0 and earlier, advection of scalars was performed using the Runge‐Kutta time-integration scheme with an option of using a positive-definite (PD) flux limiter. Large-eddy simulations of aerosol‐cloud interactions using the ARW model are performed to evaluate the advection schemes. The basic Runge‐Kutta scheme alone produces spurious oscillations and negative values in scalar mixing ratios because of numerical dispersion errors. The PD flux limiter assures positive definiteness but retains the oscillations with an amplification of local maxima by up to 20% in the tests. These numerical dispersion errors contaminate active scalars directly through the advection process and indirectly through physical and dynamical feedbacks, leading to a misrepresentation of cloud physical and dynamical processes. A monotonic flux limiter is introduced to correct the generally accurate but dispersive solutions given by high-order Runge‐Kutta scheme. The monotonic limiter effectively minimizes the dispersion errors with little significant enhancement of numerical diffusion errors. The improvement in scalar advection using the monotonic limiter is discussed in the context of how the different advection schemes impact the quantification of aerosol‐cloud interactions. The PD limiter results in 20% (10%) fewer cloud droplets and 22% (5%) smaller cloud albedo than the monotonic limiter under clean (polluted) conditions. Underprediction of cloud droplet number concentration by the PD limiter tends to trigger the early formation of precipitation in the clean case, leading to a potentially large impact on cloud albedo change.
Determinants and beliefs of health information mavens among a lower-socioeconomic position and minority population.

People of lower-socioeconomic position (SEP) and most racial/ethnic minorities face significant communication challenges which may negatively impact their health. Previous research has shown that these groups rely heavily on interpersonal sources to share and receive health information; however, little is known about these lay sources. The purpose of this paper is to apply the concept of a market maven to the public health sector with the aims of identifying determinants of high health information mavenism among low-SEP and racial/ethnic minority groups and to assess the information they may be sharing based on their own health beliefs. Data for this study were drawn from the baseline survey (n = 325) of a US randomized control intervention study aimed at eliciting an understanding of Internet-related challenges among lower-SEP and minority individuals. Regression models were estimated to distinguish significant determinants of health information mavenism among the sample. Similarly, bivariate and logistic multivariable models were estimated to determine the association between health information mavenism and accurate health beliefs relating to diet, physical activity and smoking. The data illustrate that having a larger social network, being female and being older were important factors associated with higher mavenism scores. Additionally being a moderate consumer of general media as well as fewer years in the US and lower language acculturation were significant predictors of higher mavenism scores. Mavens were more likely than non-mavens to maintain accurate beliefs regarding diet; however, there was no distinction between physical activity and smoking beliefs between mavens and non-mavens. These results offer a unique understanding of health information mavenism which could better leverage word-of-mouth health communication efforts among lower-SEP and minority groups in order to reduce communication inequalities. Moreover, the data indicate that health information mavens may serve as an ideal point of intervention in attempts to modify health beliefs with the goal of reducing health disparities among these populations.
Epigenetic silencing of multiple interferon pathway genes after cellular immortalization

Abrogating cellular senescence is a necessary step in the formation of a cancer cell. Promoter hypermethylation is an epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation known to silence gene expression in carcinogenesis. Treatment of spontaneously immortal Li–Fraumeni fibroblasts with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5AZA-dC), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), induces a senescence-like state. We used microarrays containing 12 558 genes to determine the gene expression profile associated with cellular immortalization and also regulated by 5AZA-dC. Remarkably, among 85 genes with methylation-dependent downregulation (silencing) after immortalization, 39 (46%) are known to be regulated during interferon signaling, a known growth-suppressive pathway. This work indicates that gene silencing may be associated with an early event in carcinogenesis, cellular immortalization.
No More Tiers—or, How I Learned to Abolish Bad Jobs by Making Them Better

Those who would organize across or within academic tiers must not be deterred by the legal challenges. In addition, we must resist the urge to address problems individually by always working toward that next job; acknowledge our common cause; recognize that our talents in listening, learning, teaching, and persuading already prepare us to be organizers; reassert faculty governance through active organizing; and thereby model professional responsibility for peers and the students who would become our peers.
Comparison of central corneal thickness measured by hand-held and desk-mounted ultrasound pachymeters in glaucoma patients.

ABSTRACTPurpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of central corneal thickness measured by hand-held and desk-mounted ultrasound pachymeter in glaucoma patients under treatment. Methods: Prospective study of 65 glaucoma patients. Central corneal thickness was measured by two ultrasound pachymeters: the hand-held, portable PachPen (Accutome, Lynwood, WA), and the desk-mounted PacScan 300 (Sonomed, Lake Success, NY). Results: The mean ± SD central corneal thickness was 526.5 ± 44.8 µm and 530.0 ± 44.7 µm for the hand-held and desk-mounted pachymeters, respectively (p = 0.15). Linear regression analysis revealed a slope of 0.97 with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.96. Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of measurements by both pachymeters of 3.22 µm with two standard deviations = 9.51. Both instruments showed high intraobserver correlation: 0.972 for the hand-held pachymeter and 0.993 for the desk-mounted pachymeter. Conclusion: Central corneal thickne...
Oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate is required for reductive carboxylation in cancer cells with mitochondrial defects.

Mammalian cells generate citrate by decarboxylating pyruvate in the mitochondria to supply the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In contrast, hypoxia and other impairments of mitochondrial function induce an alternative pathway that produces citrate by reductively carboxylating α-ketoglutarate (AKG) via NADPH-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). It is unknown how cells generate reducing equivalents necessary to supply reductive carboxylation in the setting of mitochondrial impairment. Here, we identified shared metabolic features in cells using reductive carboxylation. Paradoxically, reductive carboxylation was accompanied by concomitant AKG oxidation in the TCA cycle. Inhibiting AKG oxidation decreased reducing equivalent availability and suppressed reductive carboxylation. Interrupting transfer of reducing equivalents from NADH to NADPH by nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase increased NADH abundance and decreased NADPH abundance while suppressing reductive carboxylation. The data demonstrate that reductive carboxylation requires bidirectional AKG metabolism along oxidative and reductive pathways, with the oxidative pathway producing reducing equivalents used to operate IDH in reverse.
Stress Distribution in Bonded Joints

Stress distribution in plates and tubes bonded by stepped joints, assuming generalized plane stress
The Kansas Financial Information System (KFIS): Policy Design and Policy Failure

States are reported to have spent large sums of money on information resources management in financial year (FY) 1989. Of concern to several authors is the fact that most states have not attempted to integrate their accounting and budgeting systems. Calls for integrating accounting, budgeting, and personnel systems frequently fail to take into account the design problems associated with such tasks. This article uses a case study of the Kansas Financial Information System (KFIS) to highlight the importance of policy design to successful policy implementation. The results support the theory that design is an integral part of decision making and policy development. Policy design is an important determinant of implementation outcomes.
Designing for effective end-user interaction with machine learning

End-user interactive machine learning is a promising tool for enhancing human capabilities with large data. Recent work has shown that we can create end-user interactive machine learning systems for specific applications. However, we still lack a generalized understanding of how to design effective end-user interaction with interactive machine learning systems. My dissertation work aims to advance our understanding of this question by investigating new techniques that move beyond naive or ad-hoc approaches and balance the needs of both end-users and machine learning algorithms. Although these explorations are grounded in specific applications, we endeavored to design strategies independent of application or domain specific features. As a result, our findings can inform future end-user interaction with machine learning systems.
GX15-070 (obatoclax) overcomes glucocorticoid resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia through induction of apoptosis and autophagy

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are common components of many chemotherapeutic regimens for lymphoid malignancies including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The BCL-2 family has an essential role in regulating GC-induced cell death. Here we show that downregulation of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, especially MCL-1, enhances GC-induced cell death. Thus we target MCL-1 by using GX15-070 (obatoclax) in ALL cells. Treatment with GX15-070 in both dexamethasone (Dex)-sensitive and -resistant ALL cells shows effective growth inhibition and cell death. GX15-070 induces caspase-3 cleavage and increases the Annexin V-positive population, which is indicative of apoptosis. Before the onset of apoptosis, GX15-070 induces LC3 conversion as well as p62 degradation, both of which are autophagic cell death markers. A pro-apoptotic molecule BAK is released from the BAK/MCL-1 complex following GX15-070 treatment. Consistently, downregulation of BAK reduces caspase-3 cleavage and cell death, but does not alter LC3 conversion. In contrast, downregulation of ATG5, an autophagy regulator, decreases LC3 conversion and cell death, but does not alter caspase-3 cleavage, suggesting that apoptosis and autophagy induced by GX15-070 are independently regulated. Downregulation of Beclin-1, which is capable of crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy, affects GX15-070-induced cell death through apoptosis but not autophagy. Taken together, GX15-070 treatment in ALL could be an alternative regimen to overcome glucocorticoid resistance by inducing BAK-dependent apoptosis and ATG5-dependent autophagy.
A phase I study of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in patients with previously untreated epithelial ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective. Although doxorubicin is not currently popular as a primary agent in ovarian cancer, overviews of previous studies suggest that the inclusion of doxorubicin may have improved outcome. The purpose of this phase I study was to determine the maximal dose of doxorubicin that could be added to standard doses of paclitaxel and cisplatin with G-CSF support. Methods. Women with FIGO stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer were primarily treated with escalating doses of doxorubicin in combination with paclitaxel (135 mg/m 2 over 24 h) and cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ) every 3 weeks. Doxorubicin was started at 30 mg/m 2 and escalated by 10 mg/m 2 per treatment level. All patients received G-CSF support. Results. Eleven patients were treated at two dose levels. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was reached at the 40 mg/m 2 dose of doxorubicin. All patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia although none required hospitalization. DLT included renal toxicity and prolonged thrombocytopenia. Despite vigorous antiemetic regimens 60% of patients experienced severe nausea and vomiting. Nine patients were assessable for response. Eight patients have had a complete clinical response (89%). Of the five patients undergoing second-look laparotomy two were negative. Conclusions. The maximum tolerated dose of doxorubicin in this three-drug regimen is 30 mg/m 2 with standard doses of paclitaxel and cisplatin. Hematologic toxicity is manageable using G-CSF. Doxorubicin appears to increase the renal toxicity of cisplatin which may be exaggerated by marked nausea and vomiting. This is an active but toxic regimen and alternative sequences and strategies should be evaluated.
Nocturnal Changes in Oxidative Activities of Rat Liver Mitochondria

Male rats kept on an artificial day-night cycle were active at night and rested during the day. The rate of succinate oxidation in liver mitochondria from these animals was 40 percent greater at night. Significant nocturnal increases in the ratio of phosphate to oxygen were obtained with citrate, α-ketoglutarate, and malate.
The complexity of social groups and social systems described by graph structures

Abstract This paper presents methodology which permits the complete ranking of nondirected graphs (NDG's) on an attribute labelled ‘complexity.’ The technique applies to both small and large systems as might arise in studies of group or organization behavior. The methodology extends to cover the complexity of directed graphs (DG's) and permits the detailed specification of individual and group behavior. For the NDG an abstract automaton representing the participants' interaction or communications function is sited at each node. Each automaton is constructed so its internal complexity is sufficient to realize the minimal social action (e.g. transmission of a rumor and the path followed by the rumor) within the framework of the NDG. It is shown that the complexity of each node automaton depends upon the order of the graph, the degree of the node and the longest path parameter of the graph. The combined complexity of node automata constitutes the complexity of the NDG. The complexity of a DG is specified as a composition of complexities computed for the associated NDG and logical devices which produce the observed behavior. Illustrative examples pertaining to the committee-subcommittee problem and to organizational structures are presented.
Fire Ant Response to Management of Native Grass Conservation Buffers

Native grass conservation buffers established for grassland birds require periodic disturbance, but disturbance of vegetation and soil may increase abundance and activity of imported fire ants (Solenopsis sp.). This is a concern because fire ants are invasive, often respond positively to disturbance and can be a major cause of nest losses in grassland birds. We experimentally tested if fire ant mound density and foraging activity increased after burning and disking in native grass buffers. In 2008, fall disking increased mound density and foraging activity during the first growing season post-disturbance, but burning did not. In 2009, disking had no effect, but effects of disking the previous season persisted into the second growing season. Prescribed fire, which tends to maintain or increase perennial grass cover, may be a better option than disking for managing native grass buffers where fire ant densities are high.
Selective Downregulation of the Angiotensin II AT1-Receptor Subtype in Failing Human Ventricular Myocardium

Background The regulation of angiotensin II receptors and the two major subtypes (AT1 and AT2) in chronically failing human ventricular myocardium has not been previously examined. Methods and Resu...
P-SELECTIN (P-SEL) SUPPORT OF NEONATAL NEUTROPHIL (N-PMN) ROLLING: CONTRIBTUION OF NEUTROPHIL P-SELECTIN-GYLCOLIGAND-1 (PSGL-1) † 1351

Marginating PMNs roll along the post-capillary wall prior to stopping and emigrating. This process is mediated in part by P-SEL on the endothelial cell and its ligand, PSGL-1, and requires the presence of sialyl Lewisx and sulfation of one or more tyrosine in N-terminal sequence. We have previously shown that while P-SEL supports adult PMN (A-PMN) rolling, N-PMNs demonstrate an impairment in their ability to roll, and require CD11a/CD18 to resist detachment to increased shear stress (Ped Res 1996;39:302A). We hypothesize that these findings are in part due to differences in neonatal PSGL-1. Here we investigate N-PMN rolling on a confluent cell line expressing human P-SEL under two conditions: 1)attachment under continuous flow at a wall shear stress of 2 dyn/cm2; 2)detachment with step-wise increases in shear stress (0.6-22 dyn/cm2) in the presence of an anti-CD11a MoAb after a two minute stationary contact between PMNs and monolayer. We developed and purified a polyclonal antibody directed against the N-terminal sequence of PSGL-1 (anti-PSGL Ig) containing the putative sulfation sites. Using flow cytometry we could detect no statistical differences in the amount of PSGL-1 on N-PMNs compared to A-PMNs (173±43 and 210±60, respectively). In the attachment assay under continuous flow, anti-PSGL Ig inhibited the number of rolling N-PMNs (109±33) and A-PMNs (125±94) significantly compared to control Ig (N-PMN: 599±108; A-PMN: 651±57, p<0.01). In the detachment assay, anti-PSGL Ig decreased the number of both N-PMNs and A-PMNs at 0.6 dyn/cm2 compared to control Ig by 80% and 60% respectively. With anti-PSGL Ig treatment the number of A-PMN rolling was not statistically different than N-PMNs at each shear stress. However, A-PMN and N-PMN rolling after stationary adhesion could be discriminated by two conditions: 1) the number of control Ig treated N-PMNs significantly decreased at shear stress of 12 and 22 dyn/cm2; 2) with anti-PSGL Ig treatment the number of N-PMNs significantly decreased at the highest shear stress. Adult PMN adhesion was not affected. PSGL-1 supports the rolling of both N- and A-PMNs on P-SEL. Nonetheless, there appear to be functional differences in either neonatal PSGL-1 or other ligands for P-SEL which become manifested at increased shear stress.
A comparison of scattering of low energy K+ and Ar+ from the Au(110) surface

Abstract Angle resolved low energy ion scattering measurements on clean, reconstructed Au(110) using both K + and Ar + as probe ions are compared. Computer simulation results indicate that the backscattering of K and Ar are similar, but the observed energy and angular distributions of scattered K + and Ar + ions are different in almost every detail due to preferential neutralization of the Ar + . The absolute intensities obtained for backscattered Ar + are more than three orders of magnitude lower than for K + , making the alkali ion a far more sensitive probe. The Ar + energy distributions are distorted by preferential neutralization so that the strong multiple scattering features observed in the K + spectrum are absent in the Ar + spectrum. Striking differences between Ar + and K + are observed in the dependence of the scattering upon incident energy. incident azimuthal angle, and total scattering angle. The results are discussed with reference to the use of ion scattering as a probe of surface structure.
Five lessons in nano outreach

If we are to communicate successfully with the public, we need to learn how to frame the message for different audiences.
Analysis of Biodiesel Feedstock Using GCMS and Unsupervised Chemometric Methods

Various biodiesel feedstocks were evaluated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data combined with unsupervised chemometric methods of analysis. Peak areas of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) present in the biodiesel feedstocks (soybean oil, canola oil, waste grease, animal tallow, etc.) were utilized. The importance of chromatographic parameters, such as temperature program and column polarity, was examined with respect to the clustering that was observed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Biodiesels in this study clustered based on feedstock type regardless of temperature program or column type, as long as FAME isomers were resolved from one another. As such, the number and type of FAME components required to observe this clustering was investigated further. In general, the minor components in the sample did not provide improved clustering and thus did not need to be included. In addition, data from various temperature programs or column types were combined to yield similar clustering, showing potential versatility in analyzing similar samples across laboratories using different columns and column properties. Overall, we determined that (1) minor FAME components are non-essential for feedstock identification and (2) PCA and HCA clustering is based on feedstock, regardless of column selection, so long as resolution of FAME isomers is achieved.
Hospitality Management Accounting, Eighth Edition: Martin G. Jagels and Michael M. Coltman

(2003). Hospitality Management Accounting, Eighth Edition: Martin G. Jagels and Michael M. Coltman. The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 99-101.
Thoughts On the Clarification of Sociological Concepts

Reflexions sur la clarification des concepts sociologiques. Les concepts sont des unites de pensee ou de connaissance et ne doivent pas etre confondus avec les mots qui les representent. Les mots trouves dans le dictionnaire representent souvent plusieurs concepts. Si habituellement nous comprenons les intentions d'un auteur, c'est parce que le contexte n'autorise qu'un seul des sens du mot. Quant on hesite sur le sens a donner a un mot, on prend un dictionnaire ou un lexique ou ses differents sens sont proposes et on choisit celui qui semble le plus pertinent. Un nombre croissant de lexiques specialises permet de faire face a la proliferation de la terminologie technique et il est heureux que beaucoup de ces lexiques puissent etre consultes en ligne. Cependant ces outils lexicographiques, ainsi que d'autres, souffrent tous de l'impossibilite de replacer les concepts dans le contexte des theories et des reseaux conceptuels qui leur donnent sens. Ils ont besoin d'etre completes par les analyses tant semant...
Linear disturbances in hypersonic, chemically reacting shock layers

The effects of equilibrium- and nonequilihrium-air chemical reactions on the linear stability of a Mach 25, 10-deg half-angle sharp-cone shock layer are investigated. First, the basic state is computed using the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations with a shock-fitting scheme. This eliminates spurious numerical oscillations that could adversely affect the stability analysis. Spatial stability analyses are then described for three different approximations of the physics: perfect gas, air in local chemical equilibrium, and air in chemical nonequilibrium. It is shown in both the equilibrium- and nonequilibrium-air calculations that the second mode of Mack is shifted to lower frequencies
Effect of the header pressure drop induced flow maldistribution on the microchannel evaporator performance

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the flow maldistribution caused by the pressure drop in headers and its impact on the performance of a microchannel evaporator with horizontal headers and vertically oriented tubes. Experimental results show that the flash gas bypass method almost eliminates the quality induced maldistribution. However, refrigerant flow maldistribution caused by the header pressure drop still exists. This is mainly because the pressure drop along the headers results in uneven pressure difference and therefore non-uniform liquid refrigerant mass flow rate across each microchannel tube. A microchannel evaporator model validated by experimental results is employed to quantify header pressure drop induced flow maldistribution. Parametric analysis reveals that such maldistribution impact is significantly reduced by enlarging the outlet header size, increasing heat exchanger aspect ratio, or reducing the microchannel size while other parameters are kept constant. When ratio of outlet header to the total evaporator pressure drop is less than 30%, the cooling capacity reduction is limited below 3%.
The banality of narrative: Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem

According to a thesis with supporters in a wide range of disciplines – philosophy, psychology, theology, literary studies, and others – narrative is crucial to human self-understanding and self-representation. Many readers of Hannah Arendt view her as an important champion of this thesis. For Arendt, they claim, political life can only truly be represented in narrative form. When Arendt witnesses the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem, however, she confronts an individual fatally oblivious to the demands of a genuine political action who is nonetheless capable of producing stories. In fact, Eichmann is an avid storyteller, who is even at work on his autobiography. Arendt is therefore forced to conclude that storytelling does not necessarily entail any realization of what it means to be a political, i.e. an acting human agent. ‘Eichmann in Jerusalem’ contains an implicit theory of the ‘banality of narrative’, the ability of established and hackneyed storytelling templates to block the narrating subject's...
Understanding sexual violence perpetration.

The article “Prevalence Rates of Male and Female Sexual Violence Perpetrators in a National Sample of Adolescents” recently published in JAMA Pediatrics documents that both males and females can be perpetrators or victims of sexual violence; however, both the methods used and the interpretation of the findings ignore the important influence of gender, particularly in the etiology underlying sexual violence perpetration.... Comments on: Prevalence rates of male and female sexual violence perpetrators in a national sample of adolescents. Ybarra ML, Mitchell KJ. JAMA Pediatr. 2013; 167(12): 1125-1134. Language: en
Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy presenting as excessive daytime sleepiness

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common in the general population. Etiologies include insufficient sleep and primary sleep disorders. Due to its high prevalence, physicians often overlook EDS as a significant problem. However, EDS may also be the presenting symptom of seizures, in particular Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (NFLE). Due to the clinical similarity between the nocturnal behaviors of NFLE and parasomnias, and poor patient-related history, NFLE remains a challenging diagnosis. We report the case of a patient with NFLE who presented with a primary complaint of EDS, and discuss the differential diagnosis and evaluation of patients with EDS associated with nocturnal behaviors. In the context of a patient presenting with EDS and stereotyped nocturnal events, clinical suspicion should be high for NFLE.
Enzymatic determination of methanol with alcohol oxidase, peroxidase, and the chromogen 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and its application to the determination of the methyl ester content of pectins

A method for the determination of methanol using alcohol oxidase, peroxidase, and 2,2‘-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was developed. The procedure, which uses alcohol oxidas...
Comparison of driving errors between on-the-road and simulated driving assessment: a validation study.

Objective: Driving simulation provides a convenient and safe method for assessing driving behaviors. Many authors, however, agree that validation is a key component of any study that utilizes simulators to assess driving performance. The purpose of this study was to test driver response validity by discerning whether behavioral responses of drivers, as expressed by type and number of errors, are similar on the road and in the simulator. Methods: We replicated real-world intersections in our driving simulator (STISIM M500W; Systems Technology Inc.) and assessed the number and type of driving errors committed by the same 39 participants while negotiating a right and a left turn both on the road and in the simulator. Results: We found no significant interactions between the type of vehicle (road vs. simulator) and the type of turn (right versus left) for any of the driving errors, indicating that the same trends exist between driving errors made on the road and in the simulator and thus suggesting relative v...
The mir-51 Family of microRNAs Functions in Diverse Regulatory Pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans

The mir-51 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) in C. elegans are part of the deeply conserved miR-99/100 family. While loss of all six family members (mir-51-56) in C. elegans results in embryonic lethality, loss of individual mir-51 family members results in a suppression of retarded developmental timing defects associated with the loss of alg-1. The mechanism of this suppression of developmental timing defects is unknown. To address this, we characterized the function of the mir-51 family in the developmental timing pathway. We performed genetic analysis and determined that mir-51 family members regulate the developmental timing pathway in the L2 stage upstream of hbl-1. Loss of the mir-51 family member, mir-52, suppressed retarded developmental timing defects associated with the loss of let-7 family members and lin-46. Enhancement of precocious defects was observed for mutations in lin-14, hbl-1, and mir-48(ve33), but not later acting developmental timing genes. Interestingly, mir-51 family members showed genetic interactions with additional miRNA-regulated pathways, which are regulated by the let-7 and mir-35 family miRNAs, lsy-6, miR-240/786, and miR-1. Loss of mir-52 likely does not suppress miRNA-regulated pathways through an increase in miRNA biogenesis or miRNA activity. We found no increase in the levels of four mature miRNAs, let-7, miR-58, miR-62 or miR-244, in mir-52 or mir-52/53/54/55/56 mutant worms. In addition, we observed no increase in the activity of ectopic lsy-6 in the repression of a downstream target in uterine cells in worms that lack mir-52. We propose that the mir-51 family functions broadly through the regulation of multiple targets, which have not yet been identified, in diverse regulatory pathways in C. elegans.
A correlation between acoustic emission and the fracture toughness of 2124-T851 aluminum☆

Abstract The paper reports on an experimental study of the possible application of acoustic emission as an inspection technique, to determine whether 2124-T851 aluminum plate meets certain, minimum, fracture toughness specifications. Unflawed specimens, taken in the three principal directions, from three separate plates are tested in compression and tension. The-true-mean-square or the root-mean-square voltage of the continuous acoustic emission generated during the tests is recorded as a function of specimen strain. The acoustic emission, chemical analysis, fracture surfaces, and large (1–20 μm) second-phase particles are studied in relation to fracture toughness. Results indicate that the generated acoustic emission from a longitudinal compression test, long-transverse tension test and short-transverse tension test all correlate with changes in plate fracture toughness. Based on the experimental results, the monitoring of acoustic emission during relatively simple tension or compression tests of aluminum may be useful in checking whether the material meets a fracture toughness specification. Also, the results indicate that acoustic emission is useful in studies to develop fructure toughness models.
Correlates of the Interpretation of Televised Drama: A Study of Young Children's Abilities.

One important recent trend in mass communication research and development studies is the focus on children's abilities to comprehend emotions and actions portrayed through televised drama. This study explored the social correlates of the interpretive abilities of young children in the assessment of televised narratives. In this study forty‐four pre‐school children viewed preconstructed videotapes and responded to interpretive tests. Their parents responded to a questionnaire concerning the child's background and experience with media. A number of hypotheses were tested concerning the correlates of children's comprehension skills. Though most were not confirmed, the study did demonstrate important correlations concerning the amount of TV viewing by parents and children's TV comprehension‐‐the correlations were negative, indicating that the more parents viewed TV, the worse their children performed on comprehension tests.
Operationalizing the Concept of Neighborhood: Application to Residential Location Choice Analysis

In this paper, we explore different conceptualizations to represent neighborhoods in residential location choice models, and describe three alternative ways for constructing operational units to represent neighborhoods. In particular, we examine the possibility of using the census units to represent the hierarchical ‘fixed neighborhood’ definition, and the circular units and network bands to represent the hierarchical ‘sliding neighborhood’ definition. Overall, the network band definition is conceptually appealing. It also is marginally superior to the other two operational representations from a model fit standpoint.
Muon capture in hydrogen: First MuCap results and future plans

We survey a new generation of high precision experiments on muon capture in hydrogen and on the positive muon lifetime, performed at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). First results and plans for the future are presented.
Altered Ca2+ sensitivity of tension in single skeletal muscle fibres from MyoD gene-inactivated mice.

1. Single, fast glycolytic skeletal muscle fibres were isolated from wild-type (MyoD+/+) and MyoD mutant mice (MyoD-/-), which lack a functional copy of the MyoD gene. Fibres were chemically permeabilized to permit manipulation and control of the ionic environment of the otherwise intact myofilament apparatus. 2. Results show a fivefold greater variability in the [Ca2+] required for half-maximum tension generation among individual MyoD-/- fibres in comparison with controls (p < 0.05). 3. Consistent with this finding, Western blot analysis showed a sevenfold greater variability in the isoform expression pattern of the thin filament regulatory protein troponin T in Myod-/- compared with control fibres (p < 0.05). 4. Electrophoretic analysis of single-fibre segments indicated no apparent alteration in the isoform expression pattern of other regulatory and contractile proteins. In addition, other parameters of contractile function, including velocity of unloaded shortening, and maximum force production, were not significantly different between MyoD-/- and MyoD o fibres. 5. These findings indicate that the thin filament structure- function relationship is altered due to the MyoD mutation and suggest that MyoD plays a role in establishing and/or maintaining the differentiated phenotype of adult fast skeletal muscle fibres.