cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
β-Linked disaccharides stimulate, but do not act as primer for,β(1–3)glucan synthase activity ofNeurospora crassa

β-Linked disaccharides (laminaribiose and cellobiose) stimulatedβ(1–3)glucan synthase activity ofNeurospora crassa by reducing the Km app for the substrate while not changing the Vmax. Laminaribiose and cellobiose werelinear activators with a Ka app of 0.32 mM and Ka app of 1.7 mM, respectively. Laminaribiose was not found to be incorporated into product, i.e., did not act as a primer covalently bound to product.
Neutralization of teratogenic and lethal effects of influenza-A virus in chick embryos.

ConclusionsSpecific immune serum will protect the 48-hour chick embryo from the teratogenic and lethal effects produced by in fection with influenza-A virus. Inasmuch as antiserum can neutralize these effects completely in vitro and to a lesser extent in ovo this study provides serological evidence to implicate the virus as the cause of the syndrome described.
Potassium and phosphorus repletion in hospitalized patients: implications for clinical practice and the potential use of healthcare information technology to improve prescribing and patient safety

ABSTRACTObjectives: Evaluate potassium and phosphorus repletion in hospitalized patients. Assess the potential role for use of various methods, including healthcare information technology, to improve prescribing and patient safety.Research design and methods: Inpatient medication profiles were screened to identify orders for potassium and phosphorus replacement products. Electronic laboratory and medical records were used to evaluate efficacy and safety. Eligibility for oral therapy was defined by the presence of other scheduled oral medications on the medication profile. Appropriateness of prescribing was based on adherence to the hospital guidelines for repletion.Results: Overall, 134 orders for potassium in 92 patients and 36 orders for phosphorus in 27 patients were evaluated over a 3-week data collection period. Intravenous (IV) potassium was prescribed in 73% of replacement episodes (46% as single doses and 54% within large volume IV fluids), with 85% for normokalemia or mild-to-moderate cases of hy...
The mechanobiological effects of periosteal surface loads

We have developed an improved mechanobiological model of bone morphogenesis and functional adaptation that includes the influences of periosteum tension and pressure on bone formation and resorption. Previous models assumed that periosteal and endosteal bone deposition and resorption rates are governed only by the local intracortical daily stress or strain stimulus caused by cyclic loading. The new model incorporates experimental findings that pressures on periosteal surfaces can impede bone formation or induce bone resorption, whereas periosteal tensile strains perpendicular to bone surfaces can impede bone resorption or induce bone formation. We propose that these effects can produce flattened or concave bone surfaces in regions of periosteal pressure and bone ridges in regions of periosteal tension. The model was implemented with computer simulations to illustrate the role of adjacent muscles on the development of the triangular cross-sectional geometry of the rat tibia. The results suggest that intracortical stresses dictate bone size, whereas periosteal pressures may work in combination with intracortical stresses and other mechanobiological factors in the development of local bone cross-sectional shapes.
Type-2 diabetes management using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process

The traditional clinical decision-making was typically a one-way process dominated by physicians. This neglects of other stakeholders' input caused problems in patients' discontent and medical costs. This article presents two multi-criteria methods, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) to incorporate various decision factors of medical, economic and clinical aspects, quantified and combined for the consensus in intervention selection. More specifically we study the selection of three conventional interventions for type-2 diabetes including change of life-style, metformin usage, and insulin injection treatment.
Analytical modeling of a diver dry suit enhanced with micro-encapsulated phase change materials

Over the years, various forms of phase change materials (PCMs) have been utilized as thermal storage mediums for cooling and heating applications. Recently, the U.S. Navy has investigated using phase change materials inside divers' dry suits to enhance thermal protection in extremely cold water applications. The thermal performance of optional types of insulative Comfortemp1 foam mediums, medium thicknesses, and foam-to-Thermosorb2 ratios are evaluated analytically in this paper to compare the relative thermal performances of PCM-enhanced dry suits with existing commercial dry suits. An analytical model of dry suit systems, both conventional and those containing Comfortemp materials, is developed to predict their thermal performances in simulated ocean environments. This analytical model is used to compare the relative thermal performances of PCM-enhanced dry suits with existing commercial dry suits, and to assess the relative thermal performances of candidate Comfortemp foams, including those interspersed with different weight percentages of micro-encapsulated PCMs, in an effort to maximize thermal storage capabilities. The observations from this modeling effort provides guidelines and recommendations for materials selection and thickness requirements for candidate Comfortemp foams to be used in prototype dry suits for divers.
Divergent Effects of AF or LQTS-Associated HERG Mutations on Endogenous IKr

Mutations in HERG not only reduce IKr to cause QT syndrome (LQTS) but have also been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanisms in AF are unknown. To identify genetic defects conferring AF susceptibility, we screened HERG in 375 patients with typical and lone AF, and identified three probands with rare, non-synonymous HERG variants absent in control populations (284). The first was a C-terminal HERG variant (R1047L), previously reported in LQTS, in 2 probands. One proband was part of a kindred that included 2 other family members with AF or palpitations, and all 3 were mutation carriers; no family was available in the 2nd proband. A second variant (R954C) located only six residues from a previously identified LQTS variant (S960N) was also identified in a lone AF proband. In mutation carriers, QT intervals during sinus rhythm were normal. These variants are particularly interesting because AF and LQTS mutations are likely to be located in close structural proximity. We compared the functional effects of these mutations and WT in two heterologous cell systems: HEK cells stably expressing endogenous HERG (HERG-HEK) or ‘empty’ HEK cells. R1047L caused a 1.4 fold increase in current amplitude in HERG-HEK. In empty HEK cells, there was no difference between R1047L and WT. R954C generated currents that were similar to WT in both HERG-HEK and empty HEK cells, although the nearby S960N variant reduced current 1.6 fold in HERG-HEK and 2 fold in empty HEK cells. These results suggest that relative expression levels of normal and mutant alleles determine net effect on ionic current and action potential controls. Variability in these mechanisms, across or within chambers, may contribute to phenotypes that manifest in only one chamber.
SOCIAL SUPPORT, INEQUALITY, AND HOMICIDE: A CROSS-NATIONAL TEST OF AN INTEGRATED THEORETICAL MODEL*

Social support, institutional anomie, and macrolevel general strain perspectives have emerged as potentially important explanations of aggregate levels of crime. Drawing on insights from each of these perspectives in a cross-national context, the analyses show that 1) our measure of social support is inversely related to homicide rates, 2) economic inequality also maintains a direct relationship with homicide rates, and 3) social support significantly interacts with economic inequality to influence homicide rates. The implications of the analysis for ongoing discourse concerning the integration of these criminological theories and the implications for the development of effective crime control policies are discussed.
Pictorial cues and three-dimensional information processing in early infancy.

Adults derive 3-D information from 2-D images by initially processing local line junction cues and then combining information from many junctions. Prior research indicates that 3-month-olds are sensitive to 3-D cues in individual line junctions. In Experiment 1, we examined whether infants are sensitive to holistic combinations of line junctions that adults use to derive overall 3-D structure. Infants detected a misoriented shape in an array depicting 3-D blocks but not in 2-D patterns that contained all of the trilinear junctions of the 3-D shapes but without the connecting lines. Thus, like adults, infants exhibited sensitivity to holistic combinations of line junctions rather than to individual junctions. In Experiment 2, when confronted with two test patterns, one containing an individual novel element among 15 familiar elements and the other containing a single familiar element among 15 novel elements, infants preferred to look at the former pattern in the 3-D condition but at the latter pattern in the 2-D condition. Thus, akin to pop-out in adults, discrepancies in 3-D cues selectively engaged infants' attention. These results suggest that 3-month-olds are not only sensitive to holistic combinations of line junctions that adults use to derive 3-D information but also selectively attend to these 3-D cues in static images.
Coupled-mode equations for two weakly guiding single-mode fibers.

A recently developed, more accurate coupled-mode formulation for arbitrary parallel waveguides is applied to two single-mode weakly guiding coupled fibers. Propagation constants and coupling coefficients are calculated for both identical and dissimilar fiber pairs.
Patient knowledge, beliefs, and behavior concerning the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

Objective To obtain descriptive information concerning the extent to which patients taking oral glucocorticoids recall receiving osteoporosis prevention counseling, and to identify factors associated with the practice of 3 behaviors (i.e., calcium intake, vitamin D intake, and bone mineral density [BMD] testing) recommended for patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy. Methods The study assessed cross-sectional data derived from telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires completed by 227 patients who were currently taking oral prednisone. Questions assessed current calcium and vitamin D intake and history of BMD testing. Results Approximately one-third of participants (36.3%) reported that they had received osteoporosis prevention counseling. Among those who reported receiving counseling, most (73.2%) remembered being told about the importance of obtaining an adequate amount of calcium. Other topics were remembered less frequently. Slightly more than half of study participants (51.1%) were obtaining the recommended amount of calcium. Fewer were obtaining the recommended amount of vitamin D (35.2%) or had received a BMD test within the past year (33.5%). The most consistent predictors of behavior were counseling status and patients' perceptions of the difficulty associated with performing the behavior. Conclusion Most patients receiving oral glucocorticoids receive insufficient counseling concerning the prevention of osteoporosis; patients either are not being counseled or they are being counseled in a manner that is not sufficient to promote subsequent recall and behavior change. Research is needed to develop effective strategies to educate patients about the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
Flexural response of passive margins to deep-sea erosion and slope retreat: Implications for relative sea-level change

We suggest that the magnitude of the early-late Oligocene eustatic fall, as predicted from sequence stratigraphy, has been overestimated because of flexural rebound along margins that was induced by late Eocene to early Oligocene erosional unloading. The unloading of sediments from a continental margin during periods of deep-sea erosion and slope retreat will be accompanied by some form of flexural rebound. The magnitude and form of this rebound are controlled by (1) the amount of sediment removed from the margin and (2) the strength of the lithosphere at the time of sediment removal. Along margins with narrow continental shelves, this rebound will induce a relative sea-level fall resulting in a basinward shift in the shoreline, and the predicted systems tracts will be similar to those expected for a eustatic fall. In contrast, rebound along wide continental shelves will not alter the position of the shoreline, even though a relative sea-level fall may be recorded across the outer shelf. Deep-sea drilling and seismic reflection data from many margins support the interpretation of a late Eocene to early Oligocene (∼38-34 Ma) deep-sea erosional event best developed along the continental slope and rise. Seismic reflection and drilling data also document a prominent canyon-cutting event across the shelf during the early-late Oligocene (∼32-29 Ma). This event has been interpreted in terms of a large eustatic fall (>150 m). Nevertheless, there appears to be a correlation between late Eocene to early Oligocene deep-sea erosion and the development, or at least enhancement, of unconformities across the shelf during the early-late Oligocene.
The role of emerging technologies in the diagnosis and staging of neoplastic diseases

The revolution in cell and molecular biology presents an unprecedented opportunity to develop an understanding of neoplastic diseases. The emerging technologies resulting from this revolution also present an opportunity to make the diagnosis and staging of neoplastic diseases more accurate. Unfortunately, the integration of these technologies into current clinical practice is not a simple task
Improved Birth Outcomes With Implementation of a Perinatal Quality and Patient Safety Collaborative

Paper Presentation Purpose for the Program In February 2012, the Roper St. Francis Healthcare (RSFH) Perinatal Quality and Patient Safety Collaborative was formed to replace the Perinatal Care Committee. The committee functioned as a reporting mechanism of adverse events instead of a way to examine clinical competency, data analysis, process improvement, and evidence‐based practice. Taking a proactive rather than a retrospective approach, RSFH Perinatal Quality and Patient Safety Collaborative pulled an interdisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, and staff to ensure that care was patient centered, effective, safe, and evidence based. Proposed Change The development of a Perinatal Quality and Patient Safety Collaborative is a relatively new concept in perinatal care because of the differences in models of nursing care, organization resources of data collection and staff, and cultural and regional norms of accepted practice. The RSFH Perinatal Quality and Patient Safety Collaborative is transforming health care by meeting national and organization best practice standards and are committed that each patient and her family receive the best care they deserve. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Lean methodology was used by the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and clinical informatics specialist (CIS), who were trained in Six Sigma. The charter was developed by the CNS and CIS, and a team of the service line director and two physician champions for quality and patient safety was formed to address the initiatives to standardize care across a three hospital system. Since its conception, the Perinatal Quality and Patient Safety Collaborative has effectively accomplished the following: reduced rate of elective delivery before 39 weeks of gestation to 0% year to date for 2013, required completion of an electronic fetal monitoring course by 100% of the obstetricians to standardize communication between physicians and nurses, standardized Pitocin administration for induction and augmentation; implemented a postpartum hemorrhage protocol and emergency cart that reduced the system‐wide postpartum hemorrhage rate from 0.82% in the first quarter of 2012 to 0.73% in the first quarter of 2013; decreased cesarean delivery surgical site infection rate from 0.27% in the first quarter of 2012 to 0.15% in the first quarter of 2013; and instituted an obstetric laborist program to ensure patient safety and teamwork by January 2013. Implications for Nursing Practice As quality initiatives continue to drive patient care processes, it is imperative to involve nursing staff, physicians, and members of other disciplines. The current environment calls for everyone caring for patients to step outside of silos and collaborate as a global team. Though perinatal core measures are important, the next step is implementing nurse‐driven quality measures to improve perinatal quality and patient safety.
Net photosynthesis of Fe‐efficient and Fe‐inefficient soybean cultivars grown under varying iron levels

Abstract Net photosynthesis (Pn), chlorophyll, and foliar Fe content of two Pe‐efficient (A7 and Hawkeye) and two Fe‐inefficient (T203 and Anoka) soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were measured at seven different Fe levels in modified Hoagland solution culture. Net photosynthesis of A7 remained relatively high with or without Pe even after 10 days, while that of T203 was low without Pe, increased with increasing Pe up to about 0.3 mg Pe/liter, and leveled off thereafter. Hawkeye P was low at 0 mg Fe/liter increased dramatically with as little as 0.1 mg Fe /liter, and was unchanged thereafter. Anoka Pn rose gradually between 0 and 0.6 mg Pe/liter after which it leveled off. Thus, rates of P for Pe‐efficient and ‐inefficient cultivars were similar at the nigher Pe levels, but were very different under Fe‐stressed conditions. Changes in P in all cultivars were generally paralleled by similar changes in chlorophyll and foliar Fe content. Stomatal diffusive resistance was unaffected by the Pe treatments.
One-dimensional ferromagnetic classical-spin-field model

A continuum generalization of a one-dimensional classical ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange-coupled spin model is solved. The field-dependent susceptibilities, specific heat, and correlation lengths are determined. The zero-field susceptibilities and correlation lengths in the presence of single-ion anisotropy energy are also calculated. The field-dependent properties are determined for the case in which the field is parallel to the single-ion anisotropy axis, and the anisotropy energy is positive. The model approximates the low-temperature behavior of the discrete spin system in the region in which spins become correlated over distances large compared to a lattice constant.
Diabetic Neuropathy: A Clinical and Neuropathological Study of 107 Patients

One hundred seven patients were retrospectively studied from 1992 to 2002 with diabetic neuropathy that underwent peripheral nerve biopsy. Nerve biopsy revealed the underlying histopathology, including cell and humoral-mediated immunological lesions in the majority of patients. When combined with clinical and laboratory studies, nerve biopsy has the potential to assist in the selection of patients who may benefit from immunomodulatory therapy.
A COMMENT ON VARIABLE ANNUITIES

VARIABLE ANNUITIES are the subject of considerable discussion by individuals who identify themselves with life insurance companies and security dealers. The paper by Mr. Albert Linton published in the May, 1956, issue of the Journal of Finance is a case in point. This comment does not attempt to marshall arguments for or against variable annuities, but is concerned only with the major factors determining the size of the payments to be made from a variable annuity fund during the payment period. In Mr. Linton's Table 2, the assumption is made that the variable annuity payment would follow Standard and Poor's index of stock prices.' The other major factor influencing the size of the annuity payment, the cash dividends that will be received by and added to the annuity fund during the period of the annuity payments, is omitted. This is comparable to omitting interest on the standard annuity contract. The purpose of Table 2 was evidently to display the magnitude of the fluctuations in variable annuity payments in contrast to the absolute dollar stability of the payments made under the terms of a traditional annuity contract. Mr. Linton emphasizes that "irate and disillusioned policyholders" might write letters to insurance commissioners and even congressmen when payments fall under variable annuity contracts. Such pressure might have been (or may be) the opportunity for federal regulation of those life insurance companies that issue variable annuity contracts. Column 1, Table 1, in this comment sets forth the fixed payment of $100 per month specified by Mr. Linton, Column 2 reproduces the assumed monthly payment made under a variable annuity contract as shown by Mr. Linton in his Table 2, and Column 3 presents a revised statement of the monthly payment under a variable annuity contract taking cognizance of the dividends received by the annuity fund during each year of the life of the annuity. The period 1926 to 1954 is the period selected by Mr. Linton.
An overview of the PARCTAB ubiquitous computing experiment

The PARCTAB system integrates a palm-sized mobile computer into an office network. The PARCTAB project serves as a preliminary testbed for ubiquitous computing, a philosophy originating at Xerox PARC that aims to enrich our computing environment by emphasizing context sensitivity, casual interaction and the spatial arrangement of computers. This article describes the ubiquitous computing philosophy, the PARCTAB system, user interface issues for small devices, and our experience in developing and testing a variety of mobile applications.
Infinitely selective repair buffer for EUVL reticles

The three-layer absorber stack for EUVL reticles currently consists of an absorber, repair buffer and etch stop layers. The repair buffer should exhibit high etch selectivity during the absorber etch processes (i.e. pattern transfer and focused ion beam (FIB) repair), be thermally and electrically conductive, optimally thin and have high etch selectivity to the silicon-capping layer over the Mo/Si multi-layer mirror. The absorber materials that have been studied in the past are TaSiN and Cr with SiON as the repair buffer on top of a Cr etch stop layer. The SiON repair buffer is insulating, exhibiting low thermal and electrical conductivity. Also, the required thickness for FIB repair is greater than 750 Angstroms using a standard 30-keV Ga+ FIB tool, while the etch selectivity to the silicon capping layer during pattern transfer is less than five to one necessitating a Cr etch stop. A sputtered carbon repair buffer exhibiting the required qualities has been studied. The carbon film is thermally and electrically conductive and exhibits extremely high reactive ion etch selectivity to the silicon-capping layer. Carbon also has the lowest sputter yield out of all the elements opening a larger FIB repair process window without using gas-assisted etching. A conductive repair buffer also prevents the possibility of static charge buildup on the mask that could damage patterns during an electrostatic discharge.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Order hardening in equiatomic CuPt

Samples of equiatomic CuPt were quenched from above the ordering temperature into icy brine, annealed at 300°, 500°, and 700°C, and examined by microhardness, optical microscope, electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction techniques. In samples annealed for short times at 300° and 500°C a fine-domained mottled structure consisting of all four orientation variants of the ordered cell is seen. Continued annealing produces a coarsedomained grain boundary component which X-ray diffraction shows to have a higher degree of order than the mottled structure. At lower temperatures the grain boundary component grows and replaces the mottled structure to complete the ordering transition. At high temperatures the mottled structures coarsen into order twins lying on (110) and (100) type planes. The transformation to order and the resulting hardness changes are seen to depend largely on the internal strains resulting from the cubic to rhombohedral distortion.
Biosurfactant (Rhamnolipid) Sorption and the Impact on Rhamnolipid-Facilitated Removal of Cadmium from Various Soils under Saturated Flow Conditions

The efficiency of biosurfactant-facilitated removal of soil-bound metals is affected by biosurfactant sorption to soil. In this study, batch and column experiments were performed to minimize rhamnolipid biosurfactant sorption and to optimize rhamnolipid application for removal of cadmium from four soils. In batch studies, rhamnolipid sorption to a model coarse loamy soil was found to vary with applied rhamnolipid and K+ concentration of the rhamnolipid matrix. The presence of solution-phase biosurfactant was correlated to the release into solution of a soil-bound metal (cadmium). A series of column experiments was performed to evaluate whether rhamnolipid could remove cadmium from soil under saturated flow conditions. Four different soils were contaminated with cadmium and treated first with an KNO3 electrolyte solution (3.5 or 7 mM K+) and then with a rhamnolipid-containing solution (5 or 10 mM). Results showed that between 15 and 36% of the cadmium was removed by the initial electrolyte treat ment and a...
Considering CBT with anxious youth? Think exposures

Following a historical precis regarding exposure and a brief description of a representative cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for anxiety disorders in youth, we discuss several factors related to conducting exposure tasks in youth. Topics include assessing anxious situations, creating a hierarchy, and using imaginal, as well as in vivo and in- and out-of-session exposure tasks. We also describe and discuss the posture of the therapist with regard to the development and maintenance of rapport, the process of consulting with the child, the use of shaping and rewarding effort, the restraining from reinforcing avoidance, modeling for parents, and how to deal with the occasional less-than-successful exposure task. Developmental level of the child and contextual factors are examined as they might influence the design and implementation of exposure tasks. Last, we consider professional practice issues of liability, applications in private practice, and the challenges that face new therapists undertaking exposures. Examples and illustrations from actual clinical cases are included throughout.
Ethnography, Literature, and Politics: Some Readings and Uses of Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses

It is commonly accepted within anthropology that the discipline emerged as part of the Enlightenment project of writing a Universal History, yet not all anthropologists would agree that that inscription presupposes a Western perspective on non-European peoples. Such a disagreement draws its force, I would suggest, from an understanding of the project as essentially representational. However, the project consists not simply of looking-and-recording but of recording-and-remaking, and as such its discourses have sought to inscribe on the world a unity in its own image. Ethnographies and protoethnographies have, of course, often pitched themselves against that powerful current, producing a valuable understanding of singular worlds, but inevitably only with minor social effect. We know that ethnographic modes of representation evolved as an integral part of the great colonial expansion of Europe (and especially of England), as part of the desire to understand-and manage-the peoples subordinated to it. The implications of that fact seem to me inadequately worked out in contemporary discussions about ethnography. I do not mean to say that ethnography can be reduced to the politics of imperial domination, but that it is, in various ways, inserted into (and occasionally against) imperializing projects. Yet having said this, it is necessary to add that imperializing power has made itself felt in and through many other kinds of writing, not least the kind we call "fiction." In this essay I want to consider a work of fiction, Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses (1988a), for several reasons. First, because it is a textual representation of some of the things anthropologists study: religion, migration, gender and cultural identity. Second, because it is itself a political act, having political consequences far beyond any that ethnography has ever had. And third, because it is generated by the classic encounter between Western modernity-in which anthropology is situated-and a non-Western Other, which anthropologists typically seek to understand, to analyze, to translate, to represent. In all the recent concern with writing ethnographies we have, I think, tended to pay insufficient attention to the problem of reading and using them, to the motives we bring to bear in our readings, as well as to the seductions of text and
PEGylated phospholipid nanomicelles interact with β-amyloid(1-42) and mitigate its β-sheet formation, aggregation and neurotoxicity in vitro

beta-Amyloid (Abeta) is a hydrophobic peptide that drives the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its aberrant aggregation. Inhibition of Abeta aggregation process is one of the most promising strategies for therapeutic intervention in AD. Here, we demonstrate that sterically stabilized (PEGylated) phospholipid nanomicelles (SSM) are effective in mitigating Abeta-42 aggregation using several deterministic techniques such as (1) Turbidimetry (2) Congo red binding (3) Thioflavine-T binding (4) Laser light scattering and (5) Electron Microscopy. alpha-Helicity of Abeta-42 is significantly augmented in the presence of SSM as demonstrated by circular dichroism (p<0.05). Cytotoxicity studies, employing human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells, established that PEGylated phospholipid associated peptide demonstrated significantly lower neurotoxicity compared to lipid untreated Abeta-42 (p<0.05). Collectively, our results establish that PEGylated phospholipids abrogate transformation of Abeta-42 to amyloidogenic beta-sheeted form and impart neuroprotection in vitro. This study provides a foundation for designing nanoconstructs of PEGylated phospholipid nanomicelles in conjunction with a therapeutic agent for multitargeting the different pathophysiologies associated with AD.
Leadership Styles of Russian Enterprise Managers: The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Behaviors on Employees' Evaluation of Managerial Performance

The purpose of this research was to identify leadership styles of today's Russian enterprise managers and to determine how these styles are related to employees' subjective evaluation of managerial performance. The survey was based on Bass and Avolio's MLQ5x leadership styles instrument. Valid responses were received from 1,216 managers and employees at three large manufacturing enterprises located in Moscow. The study results suggest that Russian managers used three well-known leadership styles—transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire. However, the laissez-faire style was not prevalent. Overall, transactional leadership was used more often than transformational leadership. Transactional contingent ceward leadership was used more often than any other approaches. Charisma and Individualized Consideration have received the lowest scores among the transformational leadership style dimensions. Tests of the relationship between leadership styles and managerial performance measures indicate that transformational leadership-and one of its components, Charisma-had the strongest relationship with positive outcomes. Implications for developing leadership training programs in Russia and for the transfer of Western training and development approaches are discussed.
Experimental atrial septal defect closure with a new, transcatheter, self-centering device.

BACKGROUND Despite two decades of research, a transcatheter atrial septal defect closure device is not available for clinical use. We have designed a new superelastic Nitinol-Dacron, double-disk, self-centering, atrial septal defect closure device and studied its efficacy in a canine model of atrial septal defects. METHODS AND RESULTS Atrial septal defects were created surgically in 20 adult dogs using either a 7.5-mm or 10-mm punch. Percutaneous transcatheter closures were attempted using a new device. The device sizes used were 20 mm in 6 dogs, 22 mm in 9, and 25 mm in 5 (22.1 +/- 1.9 mm, mean +/- SD). The stretched atrial septal defect diameter was 10.5 +/- 1.3 mm, and the device to stretched atrial septal defect diameter ratio was 2.1 +/- 0.3. Closures were successful in 19 studies and unsuccessful in 1. Angiography showed a left-to-right shunt in all 20 dogs before closure. Immediately after closure (n = 19), there were no shunts in 17 and trivial shunts in 2. Six dogs were followed for a period of 4.7 +/- 3.0 months (range, 2 to 8 months). The trivial shunt present in 1 animal immediately after closure had closed by the time of the repeat study. Spontaneous embolization of the device was not seen during follow-up. A solitary wire fracture was found 8 months after closure in 1 device. Light microscopy at 8 weeks in 3 dogs showed the devices to be covered by smooth endocardium, enmeshed in mature collagen tissue, with a minimal mononuclear cell infiltration. Retrievability was assessed by deliberately embolizing 4 devices in 2 dogs into the right atrium (n = 1) and pulmonary artery (n = 3). All devices were successfully retrieved with a snare. CONCLUSIONS This feasibility study demonstrates that this new self-centering atrial septal defect closure device has a number of design features that permit effective and safe closures in a canine model. These results support the investigation of this device in human clinical trials.
Electric charging in flow of low-conductivity liquids through screens: A comparison of theory and experiments

Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of the charging of low-conductivity liquids by screens. Measurements were performed over a wide range of fluid conductivities and screen types. The relationship that was obtained between the current generated and the velocity of the fluid closely matched the theory. Potential measurements across the screen indicated that the charging process can be characterized by a charging electromotive force.
Multiplexing capabilities of the binary phase-only filter

Theoretical studies of the multiplexing capabilities of binary phase-only filters (BPOF) for use in optical correlator systems are presented. We show that the BPOF has an inherent capability for simultaneously recognizing an object and an inverted version of the object. More complex multiplexing capabilities are examined including (1) use of a BPOF made from eight rotated versions of a letter to recognize any of the rotated input letters, (2) use of a BPOF made using the fifty-two letters of the alphabet (upper and lower case) to recognize any one letter, and (3) use of a BPOF made from a complex sentence to pick out a desired word. Finally, we present additional information on the generation of the BPOF using a MacIntosh computer system.
The coordination of centrosome reproduction with nuclear events of the cell cycle in the sea urchin zygote.

Centrosomes repeatedly reproduce in sea urchin zygotes arrested in S phase, whether cyclin-dependent kinase 1–cyclin B (Cdk1-B) activity remains at prefertilization levels or rises to mitotic values. In contrast, when zygotes are arrested in mitosis using cyclin B Δ-90, anaphase occurs at the normal time, yet centrosomes do not reproduce. Together, these results reveal the cell cycle stage specificity for centrosome reproduction and demonstrate that neither the level nor the cycling of Cdk1-B activity coordinate centrosome reproduction with nuclear events. In addition, the proteolytic events of the metaphase–anaphase transition do not control when centrosomes duplicate. When we block protein synthesis at first prophase, the zygotes divide and arrest before second S phase. Both blastomeres contain just two complete centrosomes, which indicates that the cytoplasmic conditions between mitosis and S phase support centrosome reproduction. However, the fact that these daughter centrosomes do not reproduce again under such supportive conditions suggests that they are lacking a component required for reproduction. The repeated reproduction of centrosomes during S phase arrest points to the existence of a necessary “licensing” event that restores this component to daughter centrosomes during S phase, preparing them to reproduce in the next cell cycle.
Identification of the peroxisomal targeting signal for cottonseed catalase

Catalase is a ubiquitous peroxisomal matrix enzyme, yet the molecular targeting signal(s) for sorting it in plant cells has not been defined. The most common peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) is a C-terminal tripeptide composed of a conserved SKL motif (type 1 PTS). The PTS for cottonseed catalase (Ccat) was elucidated in this study from immunofluorescence microscopic analyses of tobacco BY-2 suspension cells serving as an in vivo import system. To distinguish biolistically introduced Ccat from endogenous tobacco catalase, Ccat was hemagglutinin (HA)epitope-tagged at its N-terminus. Bombardment with HA-Ccat resulted in the import of Ccat into glyoxysomes, the specialized type of peroxisome in BY-2 cells. The C-terminal tripeptide of Ccat, PSI, is necessary for import. Evidence for this were mislocalizations to the cytosol of PSI-truncated Ccat and AGV-substituted (for PSI) Ccat. PSI-COOH, however, was not sufficient to re-route chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) from the cytosol to glyoxysomes, whereas the Ccat tetrapeptide RPSI-COOH was sufficient. Surprisingly, substitution of K (common at the fourth position in other plant catalases) for the R (CAT-KPSI) decreased import efficiency. However, substitution of K did not affect import, when additional upstream residues in Ccat were included (e.g. CAT-NVKPSI). Other evidence for the importance of upstream residues comprised abolishment of Ccat import due to substitutions with non-conserved residues (e.g. -AGVNVRPSI for -SRLNVRPSI). These data indicate that Ccat is sorted to plant peroxisomes by a degenerate type 1 PTS (PSI-COOH) whose residues are functionally dependent on a strict context of adjacent C-terminal amino acid residues.
Philadelphia: A New Urban Direction, by Jonathan A. Saidel, Marisa Waxman, and Anthony Di Martino

Jonathan A. Saidel, Marisa Waxman, and Anthony Di Martino, Philadelphia: A New Urban Direction,Second Edition (Philadelphia: St. Joseph’s University Press, 2006).Philadelphia: A New Urban Direction...
The Theory of Investment Once More: Mr. Boulding and the Austrians

Altho Mr. K. E. Boulding repudiates superficial features of the "Austrian" theory of capital as a matter of a production or investment period, there is danger that his clever mathematical treatment of the single investment in terms of time may lend support to such a position. Examination of the Austrian theory; its main fallacy lies in attributing production of capital goods to "primary" factors, in ignoring organic cooperation of all productive agencies, and in the fact that all are like capital goods in essential respects, 40.— Examination of Mr. Boulding's analogies of population and of lake and stream shows both faulty, 52.— Relations between two views of capital, as continuous or as cyclically produced, consumed and reproduced; necessity of preferring the continuity view, 63.— Basis of production period fallacies is in a confusion of things with values; value production is always instantaneous; it is impossible to treat the production of new capital as the production of its income yield thru future time, which would make the "period" infinite, 64.
Studies in Family-Oriented Crisis Intervention with Hemodialysis Patients:

This article describes a family-oriented crisis intervention approach to help patients with chronic renal failure adjust to the unique demands of home dialysis. In particular, home dialysis necessitates a working patient-dialysis partner relationship that has very adaptive problem solving skills. A couple whose permorbid relationship is dysfunctional will soon manifest this under the stress of home dialysis. The family-oriented therapist initiates only the minimal change necessary in the relationship to achieve successful dialysis. In the home training stage the premorbidly dysfunctional couple seems best treated in individual interviews, whereas premorbidly functional couples respond more favorably to conjoint interviews which capitalize on their underlying strengths. Couples in crisis who are dialyzing at home may require a highly structured, behaviorally-oriented contractual approach which includes all relevant family members. This "band-aid" approach temporarily reinstitutes successful dialysis while purchasing more time for the couple to develop new coping mechanisms. Finally, four case studies are presented, including one in which crisis intervention efforts failed.
Religious Orthodoxy and the American Worker

Inspired by Weber’s classic writings on religion and economic ethics and guided by moral cosmology theory’s conceptualization of religious orthodoxy, this article responds to recent calls for renewed interest in religion and work. Analyzing data from the Economic Values Survey, it documents the complex ways that religion influences American workers. This study contributes to the sociologies of religion and work, along with the field of organizational behavior, in two ways. First, it shows that moral cosmology theory applies to an important sphere of social life: the workplace. Second, contrary to those who argue that religion serves a more therapeutic than directive role in the workplace, it shows that religious orthodoxy shapes work behaviors, orientations, and decision-making. In doing so, this article also contributes to the emerging literature in management studies regarding the role of the sacred in secular organizations.
The Dictyostelium type V myosin MyoJ is responsible for the cortical association and motility of contractile vacuole membranes

The contractile vacuole (CV) complex in Dictyostelium is a tubulovesicular osmoregulatory organelle that exhibits extensive motility along the actin-rich cortex, providing a useful model for investigating myosin-dependent membrane transport. Here, we show that the type V myosin myoJ localizes to CV membranes and is required for efficient osmoregulation, the normal accumulation of CV membranes in the cortex, and the conversion of collapsed bladder membranes into outwardly radiating cortical CV tubules. Complementation of myoJ-null cells with a version of myoJ containing a shorter lever arm causes these radiating tubules to move at a slower speed, confirming myoJ's role in translocating CV membranes along the cortex. MyoJ-null cells also exhibit a dramatic concentration of CV membranes around the microtubule-organizing center. Consistently, we demonstrate that CV membranes also move bi-directionally on microtubules between the cortex and the centrosome. Therefore, myoJ cooperates with plus and minus end-directed microtubule motors to drive the normal distribution and dynamics of the CV complex in Dictyostelium.
Tuberculosis Enteritis Presenting as a Small Bowel Obstruction

c i T s c f o r g c w c E 25-year-old healthy Indian woman presented with feer, chills, night sweats, nausea, vomiting, abdominal istention, and severe abdominal pain for 2 days. She ad intermittent abdominal pain and 60-pound weight oss for the 6 months since her arrival from India. On xamination she was afebrile, tachycardic, and had a oft, distended abdomen with diffuse tenderness, reound, and guarding. A chest x-ray showed no abnoralities. CT scan of the abdomen showed high-grade bstruction (A) with the transition point at the ilealecal region and lymphadenopathy. There was an abnorally thickened cecum (B). The patient had leukocytois of 20,000 and 47% bandemia. Because her bdominal examination worsened, she was taken to the perating room to relieve the obstruction. Our differenial diagnosis was high-grade small bowel obstruction rom previous perforated appendicitis with abscess foration, a malignant lymphoma, or tuberculosis. At laprotomy, a phlegmous process involving part of the ce-
Understanding Bacterial Virulence Genes and Mechanisms of Host Response to Insect-Mediated Citrus Huanglongbing

A summary is provided for research progress in studying genomics and proteomics of molecular pathogen-host interactions for citrus huanglongbing (HLB), a destructive disease of citrus that presents a major threat to the citrus industries in US as well as other citrus production regions in the world. The disease is associated with a gram-negative, phloem-limited, insect-vectored, unculturable prokaryote: ‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp’, that belong to the Rhizobiaceae family of α -Proteobacteria. Despite the fact that Koch’s postulates have not been fulfilled, a considerable progress has been made in understanding molecular basis of HLB disease since the publication of HLB-associated Liberibacter genome. Annotation of the Liberibacter genome sequence has provided insights into the genetic basis of the virulence, physiological and metabolic capabilities of this organism. Functional determination of key virulence genes will permit researchers to design and develop a novel gene-based therapeutic treatment to control the disease. Since most commercial citrus cultivars are susceptible to HLB, understanding the molecular mechanisms of host response is crucial for the development and deployment of HLB-resistant citrus varieties. A long term and sustainable management of HLB is likely to be based on integrated strategies including removal or reduction of vectors or inocula, and the improvement of host resistance to HLB-associated Liberibacters and psyllid vectors.
Facility-Specific House Microbiome Drives Microbial Landscapes of Artisan Cheesemaking Plants

ABSTRACT Cheese fermentations involve the growth of complex microbial consortia, which often originate in the processing environment and drive the development of regional product qualities. However, the microbial milieus of cheesemaking facilities are largely unexplored and the true nature of the fermentation-facility relationship remains nebulous. Thus, a high-throughput sequencing approach was employed to investigate the microbial ecosystems of two artisanal cheesemaking plants, with the goal of elucidating how the processing environment influences microbial community assemblages. Results demonstrate that fermentation-associated microbes dominated most surfaces, primarily Debaryomyces and Lactococcus, indicating that establishment of these organisms on processing surfaces may play an important role in microbial transfer, beneficially directing the course of sequential fermentations. Environmental organisms detected in processing environments dominated the surface microbiota of washed-rind cheeses maturing in both facilities, demonstrating the importance of the processing environment for populating cheese microbial communities, even in inoculated cheeses. Spatial diversification within both facilities reflects the functional adaptations of microbial communities inhabiting different surfaces and the existence of facility-specific “house” microbiota, which may play a role in shaping site-specific product characteristics.