cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Saving Face: Patient Strategies to Reduce Stigma and Barriers to Effective Decision-Making Among Children With Cleft Lip.

Facial differences associated with cleft lips are often stigmatizing and can negatively impact psychosocial development and quality of life. However, little is known regarding patients' responses to societal expectations of appearance, or how these responses may impact utilization of revision surgery. Thus, patients with cleft lips at least 8 years of age (n = 31) were purposively sampled for semi-structured interviews. After verbatim transcription, first cycle coding proceeded with a semantic approach, which revealed patterns that warranted second cycle coding. The authors utilized an eclectic coding design to capture deeper meanings in thematic analysis. Additionally, survey data from a separate study were examined to evaluate participants' interest in improving appearance. Three major themes emerged, all of which reflected a desire to "save face" when interacting with society: (1) Cultural Mantras, which included societal mottos that minimized the importance of appearance; (2) Toughening Up, wherein the participants downplayed the difficulty of having a cleft; and (3) Deflection, wherein the participants took pride in facial features unrelated to their clefts. Despite these efforts to "save face," 78% of participants expressed interest in improving their appearance in the separate survey data.In conclusion, children with cleft lips try to "save face" when interacting with society by depreciating appearance, making light of clefts, and focusing on non-cleft related features. Paradoxically, many desired improvements of their appearance in an earlier survey. Awareness of these coping strategies is critical, as they may negatively impact surgeon-patient communication and inhibit patients from expressing interest in revision surgery.
Ambergris, Livestock, and Oil: Port-making as Chokepoint Making in the Red Sea

Either imagined as spaces of cosmopolitan circulation and exchange or mechanised logistics hubs, ports are central sites to theorise the historical origins of capitalism and its contemporary manife...
Identification of putative colon cancer protein biomarker by mass spectrometry.

3551 Using SELDI-TOF mass spectrometric technique (SELDI=surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization; TOF=time of flight) with H4-type chips, we have obtained protein profiles in plasma samples from patients with confirmed colon cancer (n=34) and control subjects (n=14). Peak mapping as well as gel viewing of the spectra revealed different expression levels at several masses. The most pronounced differences were observed for a peak at 8.9 kDa (8942.9±5.3), where the average differential expression of the intensities of the putative marker was approx. 3-fold higher in cancer patients (38.5±10.5) than in the controls (12.5±5.9). Molecular masses were determined to an accuracy of approx. 0.1%. In a second study (18 patients, 8 controls), the average differential expression of the intensities of the 8.9 kDa marker was approx. 2-fold higher in the cancer patients than in the controls. To identify this protein, plasma proteins were isolated with reversed-phase POROS R2 beads and further separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands of interest were excised from the gel and in-gel digested with trypsin. The resulting tryptic peptides were analyzed by μLC-electrospray-tandem (MS/MS), using an ion trap mass spectrometer. The MS/MS data were used to search a sequence and protein identification database (Knexus Sonar). Several candidates were found within the determined mass range, including complement component 3 precursor (C3). An analysis of the ion-chromatographic peak intensity of peptides corresponding to these candidates revealed that the highest peak intensities were associated with tryptic peptides of C3. The C3 is known to undergo multiple proteolytic hydrolysis and one of the hydrolysis products is the C3 peptide 672–748, known as anaphylatoxin C3a. The calculated molecular mass of C3a is 9094.6 Da. The average molecular mass of the 8.9 kDa peak is 8942.9 Da. Further examination of the tryptic peptides of C3 showed that all of the peptides identified were between the 713–736 of C3 sequence. All observed data suggested the 8.9 kDa protein to be a C3a-related protein. (Supported by T.J. Martell Foundation for Leukemia, Cancer and AIDS Research and NIH/NCI to R.W).
Successful Utilization of Levodopa in HIV-Induced Parkinsonism.

We report a case of a 63-year-old African American female patient with a past medical history of treatment naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). She was referred to our hospital with altered mental status and rigidity with a history of progressive ambulation difficulties and decreased verbal output over the previous months as reported by her son. Her clinical presentation and brain MRI were consistent with HIV encephalopathy with bilateral basal ganglia involvement and HIV-induced parkinsonism. We initiated a trial of carbidopa/levodopa along with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (emtricitabine-tenofovir and dolutegravir). In the following three weeks, she demonstrated dramatic improvement, both clinically and radiologically. She tolerated carbidopa/levodopa well with no behavioral or neurological side effects. This case illustrates the safe utilization of carbidopa/levodopa in treating parkinsonism in an adult female patient with HIV encephalopathy.
The first five minutes: Initial impressions during autism spectrum disorder diagnostic evaluations in young children

Diagnosticians report that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is immediately apparent in some, but not all, children ultimately diagnosed. Clinicians' initial diagnostic impressions have implications for ASD early detection, yet the literature raises questions about their accuracy. This study explores diagnostic impressions of ASD specialists made within the first 5 minutes of meeting a young child and investigates factors associated with the match between initial impressions and final diagnoses. Participants were children (n = 294, aged 12-53 months) referred for an ASD evaluation as part of multi-site ASD screening studies. After 5 minutes observing each child, clinicians with expertise diagnosing ASD recorded if they thought the child would meet criteria for ASD following a complete evaluation, and recorded their confidence in this impression. Clinicians' initial impressions matched the final diagnosis in 81% of cases. Ninety-two percent of cases initially thought to have ASD met criteria following a full evaluation; however, 24% of cases initially thought not to have ASD also met criteria, suggesting a high miss rate. Clinicians were generally confident in their initial impressions, reporting highest confidence for children initially thought correctly not to have ASD. ASD behavioral presentation, but not demographic characteristics or developmental level, were associated with matching initial impression and final diagnosis, and confidence. Brief observations indicating ASD should trigger referral to intervention services, but are likely to under-detect positive cases and should not be used to rule out ASD, highlighting the need to incorporate information beyond initial clinical impression. LAY SUMMARY: When children come in for an autism evaluation, clinicians often form early impressions-before doing any formal testing-about whether the child has autism. We studied how often these early impressions match the final diagnosis, and found that clinicians could not easily rule out autism (many children who initially appeared not to have autism were ultimately diagnosed), but were generally accurate ruling in autism (when a child appeared to have autism within 5 minutes, they were almost always so diagnosed).
Effectiveness of a Short Duration of Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Patients with HR+ Breast Cancer-An NCDB Analysis (2004-2016).

National medical/surgical organizations have recommended the use of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) to bridge surgery delay of weeks to months for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The effects of NET of varying durations on pathologic response are unclear. Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we evaluated objective response to short ( 27 weeks) duration of NET. The study cohort included female patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic invasive HR+ breast cancer, stratifying by those who received NET versus no NET between 2004 and 2016. Pathologic response was grouped into four categories (complete, downstaged, stable, upstaged) by comparing clinical and pathologic staging data. Objective response to NET included complete, downstaged, and stable pathologic response. Clinical characteristics were compared using χ2 and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with NET use and objective response according to NET duration. A minority (1.2%) received NET in our cohort. Factors associated with NET use included older age, non-Black patients, more advanced clinical stage, higher comorbidity score, government insurance, and lobular histology. Objective response rate (ORR) was 56.7%, 52.1%, and 49.0% after short, moderate, and long NET duration, respectively. Short NET duration did not result in an inferior ORR. Future study to evaluate the interaction between surgery delay and NET use on clinical outcome will provide insights into the safety of NET to bridge potential surgery delay in patients with HR+ breast cancer.
Main Trends and Challenges of Russia’s Socio-Economic Development for December 2018

The collapse of global stock markets triggered by infighting in Washington’s halls of power and by controversial evaluations of Fed’s monetary policy, as well as dizzying plunge of oil prices, the US-China trade and economic war which has entered the phase of arrests – this is by far not the full list of factors of uncertainty facing the global economy late in 2018.
The Distressed State of Primary Care in Virginia Pre-Medicaid Expansion and Pre-Pandemic.

Background Primary care is crucial to the health of individuals and communities, but it faces numerous structural and systemic challenges. Our study assessed the state of primary care in Virginia to prepare for Medicaid expansion. It also provides insight into the frontline of health care prior to an unprecedented global COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We surveyed 1622 primary care practices to understand organizational characteristics, scope of care, capacity, and organizational stress. Results Practices (484) varied in type, ownership, location, and care for medically underserved and diverse patient populations. Most practices accepted uninsured and Medicaid patients. Practices reported a broad scope of care, including offering behavioral health and medication-assisted therapy for opioid addiction. Over half addressed social needs like transportation and unstable housing. One in three practices experienced a significant stress in 2019, prepandemic, and only 18.8% of practices anticipated a stress in 2020. Conclusions Primary care serves as the foundation of our health care system and is an essential service, but it is severely stressed, under-resourced, and overburdened in the best of times. Primary care needs strategic workforce planning, adequate access to resources, and financial investment to sustain its value and innovation.
REVIEW OF NERVE AGENT INHIBITORS AND REACTIVATORS OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds have agricultural, military, and medical applications. Historically, the discovery of these compounds date back to 1854 when Clermont first synthesized an OP (Taylor, 1990). The establishment of the insecticidal properties of OPs by the German chemist Gerhard Schrader in 1937 (cited in Taylor, 1990) led to the development of anticholinesterase pesticides with potent selective insect toxicity. The highly toxic OP agents soman, tabun, and sarin were developed as chemical warfare agents in this same laboratory during World War II. These nerve “gases” were not used at that time; however, the potential threat that they posed then and now has sustained research interest in the pathophysiology of and protection from these agents. Anticholinesterase agents have therapeutic uses as well, including the treatment of glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, and Alzheimer’s disease (Taylor, 1990).
Identification of differentially expressed proteins using MALDI-TOF mass spectra

In the search for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for lung cancer, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been evinced as a new and promising discovery platform to generate protein expression profiles in search of overexpressed proteins in lung tumors. Data from MALDI-TOF spectra require considerable signal processing such as noise removal and baseline level error correction. In this study, we discuss our preliminary approaches to these issues. We further present a novel algorithm that identified two proteins that are differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues in patients with lung cancer. The overexpression of these two proteins was confirmed by immunoblotting, and their localization to tumor cells was studied by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that the proposed schemes enable accurate diagnosis based on the overexpression of a small number of identified proteins with high sensitivity, suggesting that these proteins would be helpful in further study of drug design.
Breaking the collusion detection mechanism of morphmix

MorphMix is a peer-to-peer circuit-based mix network designed to provide low-latency anonymous communication. MorphMix nodes incrementally construct anonymous communication tunnels based on recommendations from other nodes in the system; this P2P approach allows it to scale to millions of users. However, by allowing unknown peers to aid in tunnel construction, MorphMix is vulnerable to colluding attackers that only offer other attacking nodes in their recommendations. To avoid building corrupt tunnels, MorphMix employs a collusion detection mechanism to identify this type of misbehavior. In this paper, we challenge the assumptions of the collusion detection mechanism and demonstrate that colluding adversaries can compromise a significant fraction of all anonymous tunnels, and in some cases, a majority of all tunnels built. Our results suggest that mechanisms based solely on a node's local knowledge of the network are not sufficient to solve the difficult problem of detecting colluding adversarial behavior in a P2P system and that more sophisticated schemes may be needed.
A Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence for certain homotopy fixed point spectra

Let H and K be closed subgroups of the extended Morava stabilizer group G n and suppose that H is normal in K. We construct a strongly convergent spectral sequence H* c (K/H,(E h n H )*X) ⇒ (E h n K )*X, where E h n H and E h n K are the continuous homotopy fixed point spectra of Devinatz and Hopkins. This spectral sequence turns out to be an Adams spectral sequence in the category of K(n)*-local E h n K -modules.
Utopia Providing Trusted Social Network Relationships within an Un-trusted Environment

This paper introduces an unobtrusive method and distributed solution set to aid users of on-line social networking sites, by creating a trusted environment in which every member has the ability to identify each other within their private social network by name, gender, age, location, and the specific usage patterns adopted by the group. Utopia protects members by understanding how the social network is created and the specific aspects of the group that make it unique and identifiable. The main focus of Utopia is the protection of the group, and their privacy within a social network from predators and spammers that characteristically do not fit within the well defined usage boundaries of the social network as a whole. The solution set provides defensive, as well as offensive tools to identify these threats. Once identified, client desktop tools are used to prevent these predators from further interaction within the group. In addition, offensive tools are used to determine the origin of the predator to allow actions to be taken by automated tools and law enforcement to alleviate the threat.
The Judicial Power of the Purse: How Courts Fund National Defense in Times of Crisis (An Introduction)

This introduction to a forthcoming book (Spring 2011) briefly describes judges' hidden purse powers along with a theory for how and why judges will utilize these powers to keep the nation safe in times of foreign policy crisis. Ultimately, the book-length project investigates the empirical implications of the theory with both qualitative and quantitative data and finds substantial support for the idea that judges use their financial powers differently in times of peace and in times of crisis.
ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF AN EXOCELLULAR NUCLEASE OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

Eaves, George N. (Wayne State University College of Medicine, Detroit, Mich.) and Charles D. Jeffries. Isolation and properties of an exocellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens. J. Bacteriol. 85:273–278. 1963.—The exocellular nuclease of Serratia marcescens, isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex, depolymerized deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and the polynucleotide which is refractory to pancreatic ribonuclease activity. The enzyme was tentatively classified as a nonspecific phosphodiesterase. Magnesium was essential for activity, which was optimal at pH 8.8. The purified enzyme was completely inactivated by heating at 50 C for 15 min.
Examining Primacy as an Identifier of Salience

This article examines whether the first things people report in narrative accounts represent themes of particular importance to them. In two studies, college students recounted autobiographical memories in an interview setting (Study 1: N = 56; Mage = 19.4; 29 male, 27 female; 48.2% Caucasian, 17.9% Asian, 14.3% African American, 10.7% Hispanic/Latino; Study 2: N = 40; Mage = 18.7; 27 female, 13 male; 57.5% Caucasian, 15% Asian, 12.5% Hispanic/Latino, 7.5% African American). Participants reported happy and sad memories (Study 1) or memories of any emotional type (Study 2), and narrative themes were identified from these memories using standard categories of emotion-eliciting events. Study 2 included a follow-up task one month later in which participants rated the importance of these themes. The themes from the first memories recurred in subsequent memories significantly more often than would be expected by chance, and this recurrence was not a function of the order of memories, the participant's gender, or the type of theme. Furthermore, the themes from the first memories were rated as significantly more important than other themes in the follow-up task. These findings provide strong empirical evidence that primacy identifies important material in the context of narrative analysis.
Morphometric analysis of the choroid, Bruch's membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium in eyes with age-related macular degeneration.

Results. There were no statistically significant differences observed between eyes with neovascular versus nonneovalcular AMD. The single most important difference between eyes with and without AMD was the amount of basal laminar deposit {P < 0.001). Eyes with AMD displayed fewer large choroidal vessels in the submacular choroid than eyes without AMD (3.5 ±1.5 mm" 1 and 5.7 ± 1.6 mm" 1 ; P < 0.001). The submacular choriocapillaris density was higher in eyes with AMD (0.62 ± 0.06) than in eyes without AMD (0.51 ± 0.08; P < 0.001). The diameter of the large choroidal vessels in the peripheral choroid was increased in eyes with AMD (30 ± 8 /im) compared to eyes without AMD (21.4 ± 6.2 (j.m;P< 0.001). The peripheral choriocapillaris density displayed the same pattern as in the macular region in eyes with and without AMD. Conclusions. The amount of basal laminar deposit strongly correlates with the histologic presence of AMD. Eyes with AMD show differences of the density and diameter of choroidal blood vessels compared to eyes without AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37:2724-2735.
Performance evaluation of a wireless power transfer system using coupled 3D finite element-circuit model

This paper presents a performance evaluation procedure for an inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a parallel-parallel compensation network. The effect of the WPT system design parameters on its efficiency is investigated. The WPT system is modeled using a 3D electromagnetic field technique coupled with circuit simulation. The 3D finite element (3DFE) model is created and a MATLAB-FEA automated routine configures the model parameters. Moreover, the paper proposes a mathematical model for efficiency assessment purposes. The results from the 3DFE and the mathematical model are compared with the results of a Matlab Simulink model for the same system. The results show good agreement between all the models.
Structural Problems Associated with Variable Geometry: A review of the problems involved in the structure of variable sweep wings

This paper presents a broad survey of the structural problems associated with variable geometry for aircraft. Variable sweep allows an aircraft to fly throughout a broad regime of speed and altitude efficiently and without excessive power requirements. Tailored lift drag, improved ride quality, lessening of fatigue damage, and reasonable control sensitivities are advantages. Structural problems fall into two general categories: (1) Because of the number of wing positions, the equivalent of many fixed‐wing aircraft must be investigated, analysed and tested; (2) there are unusual problems which have heretofore not been important considerations in design. Category (1) presents the problem of managing and assimilating large amounts of data. Computer pogrammes and a family of cross‐plots assist greatly. Category (2) presents new fail‐safe criteria, a large lumber of possible flutter‐critical configurations, unavoidable free play in mechanisms which affect flutter speeds, dynamic loads, pivot mechanism bearing life, and requires high reliability in materials. Analyses and wind‐tunnel tests have shown that free play in mechanical joints may or may not cause significant service problems depending upon the mechanical arrangement selected and the actual degree of free play under service conditions.
Ending the Silence of People with Little or No Functional Speech: Testifying in Court

Keywords crime, abuse, testify, court, speech disability, AAC Abstract Crime against people with developmental and other disabilities is similar in scope to that of women, children and the elderly. However, their victimization remains largely invisible and unaddressed (Bryen, Carey, & Frantz, 2005; Sobsey, 1994). Research from the United States indicates that people with developmental disabilities are four to 10 times more likely to be victims of a crime and that crimes against them are less likely to be reported or prosecuted (Martin, Ray, Sotres-Alvares, Kupper, Moracco & Dickens, 2006). Individuals with disabilities who have little or no functional speech face a double vulnerability when it comes to crime, abuse, and neglect as they are often the voiceless and invisible members of society (Bryen & Frantz, 2004; Bryen, Carey, & Frantz, 2005; Davies, 2002). The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) describe court rulings in the United States that clarify the impact that having a little or no functional speech (LNFS) and relying on the use of AAC plays in testifying in court, and (2) describe the outcomes of court cases when someone with LNFS testifies in court as a witness in their own defence when they have been a victim of a crime. In order to accomplish these dual purposes, a comprehensive search of federal and state cases involving people with LNFS and their ability to successfully testify in court, a comprehensive search of federal and state cases involving people with LNFS and their ability to testify in court was performed using LexisNexis. The results of this study are discussed in terms of policies and practices that affect people with LNFS themselves, professionals who support them, and the court system.
Visual Recovery after Scleral Buckling Procedure for Retinal Detachment

Purpose To evaluate prognostic factors for visual and anatomic outcomes, including complications after scleral buckling procedure (SBP) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Design Retrospective, consecutive, nonrandomized, comparative interventional case series. Participants Patients undergoing SBP for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment performed by a single surgeon. Methods The patients' medical records were reviewed. Preoperative and intraoperative factors analyzed for their association with visual acuity and anatomic outcomes included macular detachment, duration of macular detachment, preoperative visual acuity, lens status, refractive error, extent of detachment, number of breaks, internal gas tamponade, and drainage of the subretinal fluid. Secondary outcomes included frequency of further surgery, complications, and fellow eye retinal detachment. The fellow eye of the patients was excluded from consideration of prognostic factors. Main Outcome Measures Best-corrected visual acuity at 2 months and at final follow-up examination as well as anatomic factors including retinal reattachment at 1 day, 2 months, and last follow-up examination. Results There were 672 patients studied, including 457 (68%) with macular detachment. The use of gas, drainage of subretinal fluid, and lens status did not influence final anatomic or visual results. Macular detachment was the most important prognostic factor for anatomic ( P = 0.031) and visual acuity success ( P P P P = 0.001) were important positive prognostic factors for visual acuity. The duration of macular detachment was not of prognostic value up to 30 days' duration. Conclusions Visual recovery after retinal reattachment was most dependent on macular involvement. Duration of macular detachment had surprisingly little influence on postoperative visual acuity.
Configuration spaces of algebraic varieties

Abstract this paper Determines the rational cohomology ring of the configuration space of n -tuples of distinct points in a smooth complex projective variety X . The answer depends only on the cohomology ring of X .
Five-Parameter Grain Boundary Inclination Recovery with EBSD and Interaction Volume Models

While electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns are often used to present two-dimensional information about a material microstructure, they are in fact a product of the three-dimensional electron interaction volume. Consequently, 3D spatial information exists in EBSD images, which is generally not accessed. Specifically, the inclination of the grain boundary plane may be observed in EBSD patterns taken near grain boundaries. If, at the same time, the shape of an electron interaction volume in the material is known, a grain boundary plane normal direction can be obtained from a sequence of EBSD images taken stepwise in a line crossing the grain boundary. Here, these two principles are used for demonstrating the determination of grain boundary normal vectors from EBSD images. Coherent twin boundaries and focused ion beam serial scan data are used for validation. Results indicate a mean error for this approach of 3 deg with a standard deviation of 3.8 deg.
Sexual stimulation of male dairy goats

Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate methods for enhancing the sexual performance of male dairy goats in the context of controlled breeding (“hand-mating”) and semen collection. Nine male goats were individually exposed to a single restrained estrous female who served either as a natural-mating stimulus or as a teaser female for semen collection. Tests were conducted under four conditions: (1) with another male watching in a runway adjacent to the test arena (W); (2) after observing the previously tested male court and copulate with the stimulus female (S); (3) a combination of the aforementioned two treatments (SW); (4) an unstimulated control treatment (C). In the natural-mating tests, sexual performance was significantly enhanced by each of the forms of stimulation. Differences in sexual performance under the three stimulation treatments were not statistically significant. In the artificial-mating tests, latencies to mount and ejaculate (into the artificial vagina) were significantly shortened by the S and SW treatments, but not by being watched (W treatment). Again, stimulation treatments did not differ significantly. Sexual stimulation did not affect semen volume or concentration. The improved sexual performance of stimulated male goats may result in a significant sav saving of time and labor to animal breeders involved in hand-mating or semen collection.
Effect of multiple initial imperfections on the initiation and growth of adiabatic shear bands in nonpolar and dipolar materials

Abstract Simple shearing deformations of a viscoplastic block made of nonpolar and dipolar materials, and placed in a hard loading device are studied. Multiple defects in the block are modeled by perturbing the uniform temperature within the block when the material just starts deforming plastically to that given by a cosine function which assumes relative maximum values at several points in the block. It is found that for simple materials, the deformation localizes at points where the perturbed temperature has relative minima when the average applied strain-rate γ0 is 500 s−1 and at the locations of the relative maxima of the perturbed temperature when the applied strain-rate is more than 1000 s−1. This transition occurs possibly due to different thermal lengths and the time scales associated with the work-hardening in the two cases. For dipolar materials the deformation localizes near the boundaries of the block abutting the loading device when γ 0 = 500 s −1 but at the locations of the relative maxima of the perturbed temperature when γ 0 = 50,000 s −1 . For both simple and dipolar materials the initiation of the localization of the deformation is considerably delayed as compared to the case when the temperature perturbation has only one bump with its center coinciding with the center of the block.
Predicting the energy harvests of PV installations using rotating shadow band radiometer data

Actual solar radiation data are invaluable for determining the potential energy harvest and harvest uncertainties at proposed PV farm locations, and for benchmarking the daily performance of existing PV installations in the surrounding area. Benchmarking helps to determine if PV installations are producing the energy that they should, taking into consideration daily variations in solar radiation levels. This paper documents a procedure for using one-minute spaced rotating shadow band radiometer data to predict daily and hourly energy harvests (kWh per installed kW) and better understand their uncertainties. The data presented are for a desert site in West Texas. The panel orientations considered include 1. fixed mounts over a wide range of azimuth and tilt angles, 2. south-facing fixed-tilt single-axis trackers, and 3. dual-axis trackers. Results for one year are given, and the impact of sub-optimal fixed panel orientations and tracking methods are shown.
Sterically Controlled Architectural Reversion in Hydrogen-Bonded Crystalline Clathrates

Guanidinium cations and azobenzene-4,4‘-disulfonate (ABDS) dianions form a host lattice with a bilayer architecture in the presence of 1,4-dibromobenzene (DBB), 1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB), 1-nitronaphthalene (NN), and nitrobenzene (NB) guest molecules. The guests occupy one-dimensional pores in bilayer galleries created by ABDS dianions, which behave as “pillars” that connect opposing hydrogen-bonded guanidinium-sulfonate (GS) sheets. This contrasts with our previous observation of a high porosity “brick” framework that crystallized with these guests when the pillar was biphenyl-4,4‘-disulfonate (BPDS). The reversion to the bilayer framework upon changing to ABDS can be attributed to the increased length of this pillar. Whereas the four guests are too large to fit in the pores of an ideal bilayer framework constructed from BPDS, they can be accommodated in bilayer galleries of increased height provided by the longer ABDS pillars. The control of framework architecture in this manner demonstrates that the sol...
Hemosiderin in leukocytes of dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

Summary Hemosiderin granules were identified in blood neutrophils and monocytes of three dogs. The brownish granules were 1 to 4 microns in diameter and stained positively for iron with Prussian blue stain. All three dogs had evidence of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and received whole blood transfusions prior to observation of hemosiderin. The mechanism of hemosiderin accumulation by blood leukocytes from these dogs was undetermined. Iron overload produced by administration of whole blood transfusions during immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was implicated as a causative factor.
Pharmaceutical impurities--a mini-review.

The control of pharmaceutical impurities is currently a critical issue to the pharmaceutical industry. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has formulated a workable guideline regarding the control of impurities. In this review, a description of different types and origins of impurities in relation to ICH guidelines and, degradation routes, including specific examples, are presented. The article further discusses measures regarding the control of impurities in pharmaceuticals
Fetal Tachycardia Treated Successfully with Maternally Administered Propylthiouracil

Background. Fetal tachycardia may result from the transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in a patient with hypothyroidism secondary to ablation of Graves' disease. Case. A 32-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 2, and abortus 1, with hypothyroidism and a history of Graves' disease, presented at 23 6/7 weeks of gestation with a persistent fetal tachycardia. The treatment of the fetal tachycardia with maternally administered digoxin and Sotalol was unsuccessful. Maternal thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins were elevated, and treatment with maternally administered propylthiouracil (PTU) resulted in a normal sinus rhythm for the remainder of the pregnancy. An induction of labor was performed at 37 weeks. Four to five days after delivery, the neonate exhibited clinical signs of hyperthyroidism necessitating treatment. Conclusion. Fetal tachycardia resulting from the transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins can be successfully treated with maternally administered PTU. The neonate needs to be followed up closely as clinical signs of hyperthyroidism may occur as thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins continue to circulate in the neonate, while the serum levels of PTU decline.
Rapid acquisition transverse relaxometric imaging.

Segmented echo-planar acquisitions have been incorporated into a multiecho imaging sequence to produce a MRI method for rapid transverse relaxometry. The method is demonstrated on gel phantoms and rat brain and found to produce unbiased estimates of T(2). Gradient performance can be a limiting factor for the implementation of this technique and there is a cost in signal-to-noise ratio resulting from the higher bandwidth required, as is typical for echo-planar acquisitions.
Elevated Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Effects on Soybean Seed Composition and Transcript Abundance

Climate change due to increased [CO 2 ] and elevated temperature may impact the composition of crop seed. This study was conducted to determine the potential effects of climate change on composition and gene expression of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. 'Bragg'] seed. Soybean plants were grown in sunlit, controlled environment chambers under diel, sinusoidal temperatures of 28/18, 32/22, 36/26, 40/30, and 44/34°C (day/night, maximum/minimum), and two levels of [CO 2 ], 350 and 700 μmol mol -1 , imposed during the entire life cycle. The effect of temperature on mature seed composition and transcripts in developing seed was pronounced, but there was no effect of [CO 2 ]. Total oil concentration was highest at 32/22°C and decreased with further increase in temperature. Oleic acid concentration increased with increasing temperature whereas linolenic acid decreased. Concentrations of N and P increased with temperature to 40/30°C, then decreased. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) decreased as temperatures increased, and the proportion of soluble sugars to starch decreased. Transcripts of a gene that is downregulated by auxin (ADR12) were dramatically downregulated by elevated temperature, possibly reflecting the altered course of seed development under environmental stress. Transcripts of β-glucosidase, a gene expressed during normal soybean seed development, were detected in seed grown at 28/18°C but not in seed grown at 40/30°C, which also suggests that normal programs affecting seed composition were perturbed by elevated temperature. These results confirm previous studies indicating that high temperature alters soybean seed composition, and suggest possible mechanisms by which climate change may affect soybean seed development and composition.
Phonon imaging in superconducting Pb crystals: Absence of large gap anisotropy and spin-density waves

We show that anisotropies in the electronic structure of a superconducting metal can be probed with ballistic acoustic phonons at low temperatures. We were motivated by the possibility that Pb has narrow valleys of lowered gap, possibly caused by the spin-density wave (SDW) postulated by Overhauser and Daemen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1885 (1988)]. Our experiments and analysis on crystals of different thickness, plus results with a phonon-frequency filter, do not support their idea of deep valleys in the superconducting gap parameter. For a spherical Fermi surface, phonon scattering would be isotropic but for the highly anisotropic Fermi surface of Pb, the scattering rate depends on the direction of the phonon wave vector, $\mathbf{q}$. To observe this anisotropy, we perform phonon-imaging experiments on high-purity Pb crystals cooled between 1.45 and 2.1 K. At this low temperature the mean-free path of a phonon can extend to millimeter distances if its energy is less than the superconducting energy gap, $2{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{o}$. In this regime, phonons are absorbed by thermally excited quasiparticles on the Fermi surface. Phonon images show a striking pattern of phonon absorption that becomes stronger as the temperature is raised. The anisotropy is explained by a calculation of phonon scattering on the actual Fermi surface of Pb without recourse to SDWs. The preliminary temperature dependences reported in this paper, which assumes that the quasiparticles doing the scattering are in equilibrium at the lattice temperature, are much weaker than the low-temperature form $\text{exp}(\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{o}/{k}_{B}T)$ predicted by the BCS theory of superconductivity. Even accounting for the inherent scattering of phonons from isotopes in the crystal, we find a path-length dependence of phonon-absorption coefficient inconsistent with deep SDW valleys. A phonon filter experiment designed to attenuate phonons that would eject quasiparticles from such valleys clearly supports this conclusion. A resolution of the anomalous temperature and sample-length dependences, plus a measurement of the superconducting gap by phonon-imaging, is reported in the following paper.
Facilitating Effective Triadic Counseling Supervision: An Adapted Model for an Underutilized Supervision Approach

The current standards of accreditation boards, licensure, and certifications or credentialing bodies, such as the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (2010), Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009), and the National Board for Certified Counselors (2005), promote various types of supervision for counselors-in-training, counselors, and counselor educators. Largely missing from the literature is the concept of triadic supervision, a means of conserving both time and money for the parties involved. The authors overview three supervision approaches (Bordin, 1983; Kleist & Hill, 2003; Schutz, 1958), and present an adaptation of them into one model of triadic supervision. Recommendations for counselor education training and supervision practices, ethical concerns, and evaluation processes are provided.
Effect of naltrexone on regional brain oxygen consumption in the cat.

Abstract Cerebral blood flow was measured by 141 Ce and 85 Sr microsphere accumulation, and oxygen saturation of arterial and venous blood within 9 regions of the brain was determined by microspectrophotometric measurement in chloralose anesthetized cats. Extraction was calculated as the difference between oxygen content of arterial and venous blood. Oxygen consumption was computed as the product of blood flow and oxygen extraction. Global and regional comparisons were made between 7 anesthetized cats and 7 anesthetized cats given 1 mg/kg naltrexone HCl i.v. Naltrexone treatment reduced total brain oxygen consumption by 48% at 20 min after intravenous injection. Analysis of the anterior and posterior cortex, lenticulate nuclei, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, medulla, pons and cerebellum indicated that the oxygen consumption of the pons and hypothalamus was reduced to the greatest extent. The decreased oxygen consumption reduced blood flow in the whole brain, and the pons. The oxygen suply to consumption ratio was not altered by naltrexone except in the hypothalamus where an even greater excess of oxygen was delivered. These observations are interpreted as indicating that opiate receptor blockade is associated with reduced brain metabolism and that this response is not restricted to regions of high opiate receptor concentration.
Operating Experience with Existing Light Sources

It is instructive to consider what an explosive growth there has been in the development of light sources using synchrotron radiation. This is well illustrated by the list of facilities given in Table I. In many cases, synchrotron light facilities have been obtained by tacking on parasitic beam lines to rings that were built for high energy physics. Of the twenty-three facilities in this table, however, eleven were built explicitely for this synchrotron radiation. Another seven have by now been converted for use as dedicated facilities leaving only five that share time with high energy physics. These five parasitically operated facilities are still among our best sources of hard x-rays, however, and their importance to the fields of science where these x-rays are needed must be emphasized. While the number of facilities in this table is impressive, it is even more impressive to add up the total number of user beam lines. Most of these rings are absolutely surrounded by beam lines and finding real estate on the experimental floor of one of these facilities for adding a new experiment looks about as practical as adding a farm in the middle of Manhattan. Nonetheless, the managers of these rings seemmore » to have an attitude of ''always room for one more'' and new experimental beam lines do appear. This situation is necessary because the demand for beam time has exploded at an even faster rate than the development of the facilities. The field is not only growing, it can be expected to continue to grow for some time. Some of the explicit plans for future development will be discussed in the companion paper by Lee Teng.« less
Factors affecting the specific activity of immobilized antibodies and their biologically active fragments.

Abstract Factors affecting the specific activity of immobilized antibodies and their biologically active fragments were studied with goat anti-mouse and goat anti-human immunoglobulin G. Antibodies were immobilized on HW 65 polymeric support matrix activated with carbonyldiimidazole, hydrazide and iodoacetic acid. The most significant factors influencing the specific activity of stochastic coupling of antibodies are multisite attachment, multiple orientations and steric hindrance imposed by crowding of antibody and the size of the antigen. In oriented immobilization the specific activity is affected only by steric hindrance. The specific activity of immunosorbents prepared by immobilization of F(ab′) fragments can be improved to almost 100% by limiting the amount of protein immobilization and the size of the antigen. The present study shows the protocols for optimizing immobilized antibody performance.
Structural insights into recognition of acetylated histone ligands by the BRPF1 bromodomain

Bromodomain-PHD finger protein 1 (BRPF1) is part of the MOZ HAT complex and contains a unique combination of domains typically found in chromatin-associated factors, which include plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. Bromodomains are conserved structural motifs generally known to recognize acetylated histones, and the BRPF1 bromodomain preferentially selects for H2AK5ac, H4K12ac and H3K14ac. We solved the X-ray crystal structures of the BRPF1 bromodomain in complex with the H2AK5ac and H4K12ac histone peptides. Site-directed mutagenesis on residues in the BRPF1 bromodomain-binding pocket was carried out to investigate the contribution of specific amino acids on ligand binding. Our results provide critical insights into the molecular mechanism of ligand binding by the BRPF1 bromodomain, and reveal that ordered water molecules are an essential component driving ligand recognition.
Male—Female Dynamics in Groups: A Field Study of The Weakest Link

This article develops an integrative framework for understanding gender-based group dynamics based on sex composition. The authors study decisions made by male and female members of a group to eliminate or promote other male and female group members. Study 1 uses game simulations modeled on the television show The Weakest Link to show how male and female players trade off individual versus group utility in a group setting and how such trade-offs affect group dynamics. They identify four patterns of sex-based group dynamics: old boys’ club, queen bee, bounded rationality, and females as finalists but not winners. These patterns are part of a mosaic based on differences in sex composition and sex differences between male and female group members discriminating positively, negatively, or not at all against other male and female group members. The authors propose that differences in the degree of competition versus cooperation in the group, the initial sex composition, and the mean and variance of players’ ab...
Determinants of 25(OH)D Sufficiency in Obese Minority Children: Selecting Outcome Measures and Analytic Approaches

Objective To highlight complexities in defining vitamin D sufficiency in children. Study design Serum 25-(OH) vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels from 140 healthy obese children age 6 to 21 years living in the inner city were compared with multiple health outcome measures, including bone biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors. Several statistical analytic approaches were used, including Pearson correlation, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and "hockey stick" regression modeling. Results Potential threshold levels for vitamin D sufficiency varied by outcome variable and analytic approach. Only systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly correlated with 25(OH)D ( r = -0.261; P = .038). ANCOVA revealed that SBP and triglyceride levels were statistically significant in the test groups [25(OH)D 25 ng/mL]. ANCOVA also showed that only children with severe vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D P = .0334). Hockey stick model regression analyses found evidence of a threshold level in SBP, with a 25(OH)D breakpoint of 27 ng/mL, along with a 25(OH)D breakpoint of 18 ng/mL for triglycerides, but no relationship between 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone. Conclusions Defining vitamin D sufficiency should take into account different vitamin D–related health outcome measures and analytic methodologies.