cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global Changes in Business and Economics

The winds of change are blowing on the earth. While there are unseen forces at work, many are known. The biggest change is the recognition that it is the market place and not command economics that drives economic activity and growth. As global markets grow, there will be room for many entrepreneurial endeavors. One can expect to see some equalization of economic well-being across the economically-advanced nations, and more countries being admitted to this club. Simulation and gaming will play a major role in training the managers and planners of the future.
The sustained yield forest management act and the roots of environmental conflict in Northern New Mexico

Abstract Recent research on environmental conflict in New Mexico has focused on racial and ethnic conflict between environmentalists and Hispanic loggers as a means to explain the trajectory of environmental struggle and the failure of Hispano/environmentalist coalitions opposing Forest Service management policies. This paper seeks to extend this explanation by considering the constraining role of federal legislation, institutional management and commercial resource exploitation that limited opportunities for Hispano/environmental collaborative challenges to federal resource management arrangements. I analyze the foundations of sustained yield forestry on the Carson National Forest in northern New Mexico though a focus on the legal construction of sustained yield policies and the practices of implementing sustained yield on the Vallecitos Federal Sustained Yield Unit, a special timber production sub-unit of the Carson. The paper illustrates how the deployment of sustained yield forestry in New Mexico produced not only conditions of production favorable to commercial timber operators, but also established a complex and contradictory regulatory environment that effectively constrained collaborative efforts between environmentalists and small-scale loggers in their efforts to construct alternative futures for resource management in the region.
Knowledge Arbitrage, Serendipity, and Acquisition Formality: Their Effects on Sustainable Entrepreneurial Activity in Regions

We explore heterogeneity in the formation of new ventures within regions using agent-based simulation methodology. The study draws on entrepreneurial knowledge and action literature to examine the roles of knowledge acquisition and transformation in regional sustainability of new venture formation. A model of new venture growth pitted against incumbent firm innovation is tested on configurations of regional knowledge landscapes. Results of this analysis suggest that competing entrepreneurship perspectives of knowledge spillover and network-based new venture formation coexist and even interact. Formal knowledge acquisition and knowledge arbitrage are more effective formation mechanisms in knowledge-scarce regions, while informal knowledge acquisition and serendipity produce the highest levels of new venture formation in knowledge-rich regions. New ventures with smaller networks tend to exhibit higher likelihood of formation than those with larger networks. Formal knowledge acquisition and arbitrage not only improve survival early in the evolution of regions, but also create the basis for informal, serendipitous knowledge appropriation's superior influence on sustainable entrepreneurship. These results provide a platform for future research regarding theoretical perspectives on new venture formation, suggest growth strategies to entrepreneurs, and offer guidance to policymakers and economic development professionals who strive to increase the entrepreneurial activity of their regions or countries.
Optimum Mud Overbalance and ROP Limits for Managing Wellbore Stability in Horizontal Wells in a Carbonate Gas Reservoir

larger stress contrast across the wellbore resulting from the overburden (S v) and difficulties with drilling in the maximum horizontal stress (S Hmax ) direction under the prevailing strike slip stress conditions in the field 1 . Several data sets, including open hole logs, were integrated through geomechanical analy ses 2 to develop a mechanical earth model (MEM) providing magnitudes of the three principal in situ stresses, the azimuth of S Hmax direction, pore pressure and the rock strength proper ties along the logged open hole section. Horizontal in situ stresses can be calculated using a poroelastic horizontal strain model 3 and further calibrated by the observed wellbore wall failure; the result is continuous profiles of stress magnitudes along the well trajectory, Fig. 1. Apart from pore pressure, the magnitudes of horizontal Saudi Aramco has been drilling horizontal and multilateral wells to develop gas fields. Due to a production-induced drop in reservoir pressures, along with the tight nature of the reser voir rock, development activities have focused more on placing new wells, completed with multistage hydraulic fracturing, to ward the minimum horizontal stress (S Hmin ) direction with the goal to improve lateral reservoir contact, which enables higher production at sustained rates, thereby increasing recovery while drilling fewer wells. Horizontal wells drilled in the S Hmin direction are made more challenging by complex geological conditions and com pressional in situ stress conditions. The data shows that some wells were drilled without major difficulty while other wells encountered more problems, leading to stuck pipe events. A detailed study was conducted to identify the nature of these problems and ascertain major controlling factors for this variable drilling experience. The goal was to make future operations safer and more efficient through recommendations based on a diagnostic analysis of the observed problems in existing wells. Analysis of data suggests that excessive borehole breakouts and a faster rate of penetration (ROP) are the key contributing factors to the observed drilling challenges. In addition, differ ential sticking has been found to be a potential risk across high porosity and/or depleted zones. As a result, determining the optimum mud weight for a given well based on a pre-drill geo mechanics model was recommended to manage the hole stability. In addition, a safe limit for the ROP, set as a function of hole azimuth, was identified to manage efficient hole cleaning and avoid stuck pipe issues due to pack off. The recommendations made based on this analysis enabled successful drilling and timely completion of several horizontal wells across the field.
Presentist four-dimensionalism

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle le quadri-dimensionnalisme n'implique pas l'idee d'un univers sans changement. Soulevant le probleme de la permanence dans le temps et du changement, l'A. evalue la position presentiste contre l'objection de la relativite speciale.
Comparative effects of ouabain upon contractile force of guinea pig diaphragm and heart.

SummaryOuabain increased the force of contraction of isolated guinea pig diaphragm, stimulated directly or indirectly with supramaximal shocks. At higher concentrations of the drugs, the positive inotropic action was followed by a depressant effect. The concentrations at which these effects occurred were similar to those which produced an increase in force of contraction or toxic effects upon isolated guinea pig ventricular strips. Skeletal muscular paralysis in intact guinea pigs following the administration of ouabain was frequently not accompanied by evidence of cardiac toxicity. The significance of these findings in relation to studies on the mechanism of action of the cardiac glycosides which employ skeletal muscle preparations was discussed.
Internet Explorer: Internet Explorer security: is there any hope?

Patience with Internet Explorer is being tested to the limit. The average number of announced vulnerabilities over the last two years has averaged at nearly three per month in IE version 6. Some of these major nasty vulnerabilities include Cross domain/zone vulnerabilities, MIME-type determination flaws, GUI control problems, scripting handling-related vulnerabilities among others. Despite this poor record, paradoxically, IE appears to have been created with some security in mind. For example, IE users can set various levels of security in various zones - Internet, local intranet, trusted sites, and restricted sites. But despite these superficial appearances, IE is extremely flawed from a security perspective warns Dr Eugene Schultz at University of California/Berkeley Lab. He presents several realistic solutions for dealing with security problems in the IE browser. Microsoft's internet browser, Internet Explorer, may be the most popular browser on the market, but its vulnerability to attack, and Microsoft's seeming inability to make it secure, is making people switch.
A radioautographic study of the development of the somite in the chick embryo.

Considerable difference of opinion exists about the origin of the various components of the somite. According to Williams (1910), Hamilton (1952) and Boyd (1960), the cells of the myotome originate in the dorso-medial angle of the somite wall and migrate beneath the dermatome in ventro-lateral direction. A group of older investigators (Remak, 1855; His, 1888; Bardeen, 1900) state, however, that the myotome cells originate not only in the dorso-medial angle but also along the total length of the dorsal somite wall, formed by the dermatome. Similarly, in birds whether the myotome extends in ventro-lateral direction by growth and migration of existing cells (Engert, 1900; Williams, 1910) or by differentiation of locally found mesoderm cells into myoblasts (Straus & Rawles, 1953) remains even at present a controversial issue.
Agreement between region-of-interest- and parametric map-based hepatic proton density fat fraction estimation in adults with chronic liver disease

To compare agreement between region-of-interest (ROI)- and parametric map-based methods of hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimation in adults with known or suspected hepatic steatosis secondary to chronic liver disease over a range of imaging and analysis conditions. In this IRB approved HIPAA compliant prospective single-site study, 31 adults with chronic liver disease undergoing clinical gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T were recruited. Multi-echo gradient-echo imaging at flip angles of 10° and 50° was performed before and after administration of gadoxetic acid. Six echoes were acquired at successive nominally out-of-phase and in-phase echo times. PDFF was estimated with a nonlinear fitting algorithm using the first two, three, four, five, and (all) six echoes. Hence, 20 different imaging and analysis conditions were used (pre/post contrast x low/high flip angle x 2/3/4/5/6 echoes). For each condition, PDFF estimation was done in corresponding liver locations using two methods: a region-of-interest (ROI)-based method in which mean signal intensity values within ROIs were run through the fitting algorithm, and a parametric map-based method in which individual signal intensities were run through the fitting algorithm pixel by pixel. Agreement between ROI- and map-based PDFF estimation was assessed by Bland–Altman and intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis. Depending on the condition and method, PDFF ranged from −2.52% to 45.57%. Over all conditions, mean differences between ROI- and map-based PDFF estimates ranged from 0.04% to 0.24%, with all ICCs ≥0.999. Agreement between ROI- and parametric map-based PDFF estimation is excellent over a wide range of imaging and analysis conditions.
-N- Party Democracy: The Role of the Minimal State

This chapter extends the analysis of democratic dynamics to a consideration of the multiple group case. In the previous chapter, the basic conditions associated with the maintenance of a two party democracy were examined. This description is now expanded to an analysis of the interactions among multiple political actors. An important issue arises in the multiple party setting. In the -N- group setting, interests are represented directly. The interest aggregation process typical of the two party case is not present. Any group or interest in the multiple case can have a direct political significance. This means the previous emphasis upon the stabilizing effect of partisan interaction has to be reexamined. This is due to the more diversified character of the group interaction process. Multiple group interactions cannot only be mutually inhibitory, as in the two party case, but also mutually accommodative, as well as neutral. The important theoretical issue is whether a collective harmony among the groups emerges as a function of the overall interaction processes among the participants. This is an important issue for democratic theory. If such a harmony among interests does occur, then democratic political practice can operate with little to no need for externally imposed controls.
Design Improvement and Bias Voltage Optimization of Glass-Body Microchannel Plate Picosecond Photodetector

Microchannel plate photodetectors, capable of picosecond time resolution and sub-mm spatial resolution, are a perfect candidate for the next generation of photodetectors for precision timing measurements. Argonne National Laboratory is producing low-cost, all-glass body, planar photodetectors with an indium seal. The design and fabrication of 6-cm square photodetectors has been well demonstrated in an ultra-high vacuum system. Recently, a new design was developed to optimize the photodetector bias voltage. This design offers an improved configuration and allows external control of the bias voltage for each internal detector component. Design and measurements of the new independently biased devices are described in this paper. We performed a systematic study on the bias voltage and achieved a gain on the order of $10^{{\mathbf {7}}}$ , a time resolution better than 35 ps, and a spatial resolution better than 1 mm.
Long-term effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice: a 5-year longitudinal study

Objective We evaluated long-term impact of sustained weight loss versus weight regain on cardiovascular risk factors in real-world clinical practice. Methods We evaluated 129 obese patients with diabetes enrolled in Weight Achievement and Intensive Treatment (Why WAIT) program, a 12-week clinical model of intensive lifestyle intervention. After 1 year, we divided participants into group A, who maintained Results The total cohort lost 23.8 lbs (−9.7%) at 12 weeks and maintained −16.2 lbs (−6.4%) at 5 years (p Conclusions Weight reduction in patients with diabetes can be maintained for 5 years and is predicted by patients’ ability to maintain ≥7% weight loss at 1 year. A1C and triglycerides deteriorate with weight regain, while other lipid improvements are maintained. Sustained weight loss is associated with significantly lower A1C for 5 years and lowers BP for 18 months. Trial registration number NCT01937845.
TensorBeat: Tensor Decomposition for Monitoring Multiperson Breathing Beats with Commodity WiFi

Breathing signal monitoring can provide important clues for health problems. Compared to existing techniques that require wearable devices and special equipment, a more desirable approach is to provide contact-free and long-term breathing rate monitoring by exploiting wireless signals. In this article, we propose TensorBeat, a system to employ channel state information (CSI) phase difference data to intelligently estimate breathing rates for multiple persons with commodity WiFi devices. The main idea is to leverage the tensor decomposition technique to handle the CSI phase difference data. The proposed TensorBeat scheme first obtains CSI phase difference data between pairs of antennas at the WiFi receiver to create CSI tensors. Then canonical polyadic (CP) decomposition is applied to obtain the desired breathing signals. A stable signal matching algorithm is developed to identify the decomposed signal pairs, and a peak detection method is applied to estimate the breathing rates for multiple persons. Our experimental study shows that TensorBeat can achieve high accuracy under different environments for multiperson breathing rate monitoring.
Smartphone-based mobile gunshot detection

The ability to detect gunshots can provide someone with invaluable information in various circumstances. For the military and public servants, detecting gunshots can help save lives and potentially target offenders. People participating in shooting sports as beginners or professionals can also benefit from the use of sensors for improving their reaction and self control during training. Most current methods for gunshot detection require expensive devices that are purpose built or developed and often only examine one or two features of the gunshots such as the sound, recoil, or visible flash. Using the current sensors built into smartphones, 15 samples utilizing 10 different sensors are used examine how gunshot detection can be performed through the use of simple sensors. This extension of human activity recognition resulted in gunshot classification accuracy ranging from 0.0% – 99.7% with an average of 86.6%. Understanding how simple sensors respond to gunshots can provide simple and easy accessibility to new detection methods and ample opportunities to improve this potential field for various personal and smart city applications such as crime detection, policing, gunshot violence monitoring and control in the community.
From the Milky Man Vest to Nursing on the Throne: Breastfeeding Representations in Fictional Television

This chapter uses a study of 82 representations of breastfeeding in fictional television programs, from the first verbal reference in Little House on the Prairie (1974) through the 2015 Criminal Minds episode “Awake.” Foss examines a sample that spans target audiences and genres with such shows as Friends , Beavis and Butthead , Game of Thrones and Sex and the City . Overall, fictional television presents breastfeeding as mostly positive, but often limited to older, educated, Caucasian women nursing in private. Breastfeeding in public and nursing older children are conveyed as “deviant” and subject to criticism. Breastfeeding on television has become much more common and more diverse as contemporary portrayals include more women of color. Television producers could expand depictions to help normalize an array of experiences.
Comments on “Upper and Lower Bounds for Controllable Subspaces of Networks of Diffusively Coupled Agents”

A condition for controllability of a network of diffusively coupled linear agents with sparse actuation, which was developed in [1] , is examined. An example is presented which demonstrates that the condition is not always sufficient for controllability. The gap in the original proof is clarified, and issues related to developing a necessary and sufficient condition are briefly discussed.
Examining narratives: Conversations between community mentors and pre-service teachers

State policy and teacher evaluation rubrics increasingly call for attention to family and community engagement. Yet teachers, schools, and families continue to face a number of obstacles preventing collaboration on all sides. Research on culturally responsive teaching, funds of knowledge, and community teaching have identified a number of concrete principles and practices for educators to partner with families and communities. However, teacher education programs continue to struggle in crafting authentic experiences for pre-service teachers to partner with families and communities. This study examines regionallybased, small group discussions– which, were part of a larger programmatic set of experiences–between preservice teachers and partnering community mentors in one teacher education program. Using narrative analysis, the authors found that conversations revealed layered engagement mediated by levels of trust and pre-existing expectations.
Patterns of setal numbers conserved during early development of swimming legs of Copepoda (Crustacea)

During swimming leg development, the number of setae present on the exopod and endopod of the bilobed bud, the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami and the swimming leg with 2-segmented rami of copepods is analysed. For swimming leg 1, the most frequent number of setae on the presumptive rami of the bilobed bud is found at a higher percentage among copepod species than the most frequent number of setae for either the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami or the swimming leg with 2-segmented rami. However, for swimming legs 2–4 the most frequent number of setae for the the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami is found at a higher percentage of species than that on either the bilobed bud or the swimming leg with 2-segmented rami. Thus, in the cases of swimming legs 2–4, species with different numbers of setae on the presumptive exopod and endopod of the bud bilobed bud develop the same number of setae on the rami of the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami. Increasing the number of species analysed is expected to make more robust the hypothesis that the number of setae on the transformed swimming leg with 1-segmented rami is conserved relative to the number of setae on the bilobed bud.
Characterization of an extracellular keratinase of Trichophyton simii and its role in keratin degradation.

The ability of Trichophyton simii HN 50, isolated from the Ghana Bird Sanctuary, Bharatpur, India, to produce extracellular keratinase was studied. Enzyme was produced on a keratin salt broth medium at pH7 and a temperature of 28 ± 1 °C. Enzyme secretion was best at 15 days of incubation. Asparagine and keratin were repressive to enzyme yield in comparison to gelatin. No relationship was observed between enzyme release and biomass. Exogenous sugars suppressed keratinase production in descending order as follows: glucose > mannose > maltose > arabinose > fructose. The enzyme showed ability to degrade all of the 3 keratin substrates. Buffalow skin was best degraded in the absence of glucose while chicken feathers were the least degraded in its presence.
Disorders of Frontal Lobe Function

Abstract The frontal lobes are responsible for many of the aspects of cognition that seem uniquely human, including aspects of planning, language, emotional control, and personality. Disorders of the frontal lobes take many forms, but ultimately their impact on our cognition and behavior depends on their location and how they disrupt normal neuronal functioning. This chapter reviews the neuroanatomy of the frontal lobes as relevant to movement, attention, memory, executive functioning, language, emotion, motivation, and social behavior. The disruptive influences of different neurological disorders illustrate the significance of frontal brain regions.
The mediating role of internalized weight stigma on weight perception and depression among emerging adults: Exploring moderation by weight and race.

Abstract The current study examined internalized weight stigma as a mediator of the association between self-perceived weight and depressive symptoms. University students (N = 317) aged 18–25 years completed measures of self-perceived weight, internalized stigma, and depressive symptoms. Multigroup path analyses were used to examine the indirect effect of self-perceived weight on depression through self-stigma. Findings revealed that among persons of size, internalized stigma mediated the effect of higher self-perceived weight on higher depressive symptoms. Among lean persons, this indirect effect was only significant for Black participants. Among all groups, the direct effect of self-perceived weight on internalized stigma was significant. While the present results warrant future replication, the findings expand our understanding of the association between self-perceived weight and depression. These results also illuminate potential future opportunities for rich, culturally informed research and clinical advances that take into account the detrimental role of weight stigma.
The compact high energy DPSSL driving circuit system

In order to satisfy the requirements of laser irradiation and laser ranging over the long distance, and to realize the miniaturization, the modularization and the engineering application of 1J high-energy DPSSL circuit system, a laser driving circuit system is designed according to the laser work patterns of one oscillator stage and two amplification stages. The system includes many parts, such as the integrated power supply circuits, the corresponding LD drivers of three stages, the signal control circuits, the Q switched circuits, the receiving circuits and the temperature control circuits, etc. It possesses the characteristics of 28VDC input power source, working frequency 25Hz，driving laser output 1J, working stable and reliable, thermal management optimization and small size as well as light weight. The study promotes the comprehensive technical specifications of the platform load effectively and can also provide a valuable reference for the miniaturization of high energy DPSSL circuit system.
Isozyme variability in species of the genus Drosophila. V. Ejaculatory bulb esterases in Drosophila phylogeny.

The presence or absence of certain esterase types in ejaculatory bulbs of 93 Drosophilaspecies was determined by appropriate staining after starch gel electrophoresis. One entire subgenus (Sophophora)and several primitive species were found lacking in one type of esterase. This esterase was present in numerous species of the large Drosophilasubgenus, but presence and absence did not follow closely the lines of taxonomic subdivisions in the subgenus. Correlation of presence-absence of the bulb esterase and previous results in interspecific hybridization tests indicated a greater chance for a successful interspecific cross when males possessed the bulb esterase.
Selection against archaic DNA in human regulatory regions

Although traces of archaic hominin DNA persist in all human populations outside Africa, these traces have been systematically depleted from the most functionally important regions of the human genome. This depletion suggests that many Neanderthal and Denisovan alleles had harmful effects on the fitness of hybrid individuals, but the nature of these harmful effects is poorly understood. Here, we show that Neanderthal and Denisovan alleles likely dysregulated gene expression in specific human tissues, causing systematic depletion of archaic introgression from enhancer regions annotated by the ENCODE RoadMap project. Highly pleiotropic enhancers that show activity in many tissues are more depleted of introgression than tissue-specific enhancers, and Neanderthal depletion is highly correlated with Denisovan depletion across sets of enhancers active in particular tissues. Fetal brain and fetal muscle are the tissues most depleted of archaic SNPs in their regulatory regions, and by analyzing the site frequency spectra of enhancers compared to control regions, we deduce that brain and muscle enhancers are likely depleted of introgression for different reasons. Brain enhancers appear to accumulate deleterious mutations unusually quickly, which may have caused inbred archaic populations to accumulate disproportionately large amounts of genetic load in these regions. In contrast, fetal muscle enhancers show no evidence of high deleterious mutation rates, and we hypothesize that their depletion of archaic DNA resulted from divergent selection for higher muscle mass in Neanderthals and Denisovans compared to humans.
The Olympic-Sized Loophole in California’s Fair Pay to Play Act

On September 30, 2019, California adopted the Fair Pay to Play Act, which bars colleges and universities within the state from upholding any rules that prevent student athletes from earning compensation for their name, image, and likeness. This historic challenge to the NCAA’s amateurism rules has led more than a dozen other states to consider similar provisions. Observers are suggesting it will force schools to share the massive revenues they generate off of big-time sports with the student athletes. This Essay suggests that the initial press coverage of the Act skirts over an important loophole in the Act’s provisions. Under a “no conflict” clause, student athletes are not permitted to enter into a contract for the use of their name, image, or likeness if it would conflict with a school’s team contract, such as the large apparel deals big-time sports programs sign with Nike, Adidas, or Under Armour. The Essay compares this “no conflicts” clause to the old Rule 40 provision of the Olympic Charter, which, before it was amended in 2019, prohibited athlete endorsement of non-Olympic sponsors during the period surrounding the Olympic Games. By examining UCLA’s record apparel deal with Under Armour, the Essay finds that, as with Rule 40, the Fair Pay to Play Act’s “no conflicts” provision will significantly reduce any chance it will have of providing any meaningful sharing of the revenue generated in big-time college athletics.
The Impact of a Structured, Supervised Exercise Program on Daily Step Count in Sedentary Older Adults With and Without HIV.

BACKGROUND People with HIV (PWH) may have lower daily activity levels compared with persons without HIV. We sought to determine the impact of initiating a supervised exercise program on the daily step count of sedentary PWH and uninfected controls. METHODS PWH and controls, aged 50-75, were enrolled in a 24-week supervised exercise program. All individuals were given a pedometer and instructed in regular use. A linear mixed model taking into account random effects was used to model daily step count. RESULTS Of 69 participants that began the study, 55 completed and 38 (21 PWH, 17 controls) had complete pedometer data. Baseline daily step count on nonsupervised exercise day was (estimated geometric mean, 95% confidence interval) 3543 (1306 to 9099) for PWH and 4182 (1632 to 10,187) for controls. Both groups increased daily steps on supervised [43% (20 to 69)%, P < 0.001] but not unsupervised exercise days [-12% (-24 to 1)%, P = 0.071]. Compared with controls, PWH had 26% [(-47 to 4)%, P = 0.08] fewer daily steps on days with supervised exercise and 35% [-53 to -10)%, P = 0.011] fewer daily steps on days without supervised exercise. Higher body mass index (per 1 unit) and smoking were associated with fewer daily steps [-5% (-9 to -1)%; -49% (-67 to -23)%; P ≤ 0.012]. Days with precipitation [-8% (-13 to -3)%, P = 0.002] or below freezing [-10% [-15 to -4)%, P < 0.001] were associated with fewer steps. CONCLUSION Supervised exercise increased daily step counts in sedentary individuals, but at the expense of fewer steps on nonsupervised exercise days.
Passion as Part of the Community College Writing Class

As writing teachers at the community college level, we have a unique opportunity to teach writing that is infused with passion, but we must begin by first reconnecting with those writers who we rea...
Personality Metatraits, Neurocognitive Networks, and Reasoning Norms for Creative Decision-Making

Creative decision-making can be viewed as comprising two elements—generative and evaluative thinking (Guilford, 1967; Paulus, Coursey, & Kenworthy, 2019; Sunstein & Hastie, 2015). Generative thinking produces a large number of alternatives. Evaluative thinking eliminates less-promising options (and revises them) for a small number of high-quality solutions. Iterative generative-evaluative thinking is discussed in light of dual personality metatraits, neurocognitive networks, and reasoning modes; these three themes—progressing from creative personal motivation to individual cognition to group norms—provide consistent perspectives for generative-evaluative thinking in terms of plasticity–stability metatraits, default-executive brain networks, and abductive–deductive/inductive modes of reasoning, respectively.
Transgenerational Trauma and Trust Restoration

Transgenerational trauma is a potential barrier to achieving a healthy and holistic patient-physician relationship, particularly for Black Americans. Examination of deeply rooted historical injustices that Black patients suffer in health care and how they undermine trust can help clarify connections between historical trauma, distrust, and health outcomes. Furthering clinicians' understanding of how daily practice can respond to Black patients' experiences can help restore trust and mitigate racial and ethnic health inequity.
Sex-linked gene expression and the emergence of hermaphrodites in Carica papaya

Premise One evolutionary path from hermaphroditism to dioecy is via a gynodioecious intermediate. The evolution of dioecy may also coincide with the formation of sex chromosomes that possess sex-determining loci that are physically linked in a region of suppressed recombination. Dioecious papaya (Carica papaya) has an XY chromosome system, where the presence of a Y chromosome determines maleness. However, in cultivation, papaya is gynodioecious, due to the conversion of the male Y chromosome to a hermaphroditic Yh chromosome during its domestication. Methods We investigated gene expression linked to the X, Y, and Yh chromosomes at different floral developmental stages to identify differentially expressed genes that may be involved in the sexual transition of males to hermaphrodites. Results We identified 309 sex-biased genes found on the sex chromosomes, most of which are found in the pseudoautosomal regions. Female (XX) expression in the sex-determining region was almost double that of X-linked expression in males (XY) and hermaphrodites (XYh ), which rules out dosage compensation for most sex-linked genes; although, an analysis of hemizygous X-linked loci found evidence of partial dosage compensation. Furthermore, we identified a candidate gene associated with sex determination and the transition to hermaphroditism, a homolog of the MADS-box protein SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE. Conclusions We identified a pattern of partial dosage compensation for hemizygous genes located in the papaya sex-determining region. Furthermore, we propose that loss-of-expression of the Y-linked SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE homolog facilitated the transition from males to hermaphrodites in papaya.
Spectroscopic On-Line Monitoring for Process Control and Safeguarding of Radiochemical Streams in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Facilities

There is a renewed interest worldwide to promote the use of nuclear power. The long term successful use of nuclear power is critically dependent upon adequate and safe processing and disposition of the spent nuclear fuel. Liquid-liquid extraction is a separation technique commonly employed for the processing of the dissolved spent nuclear fuel. Our approach is based on the prerequisite that real time monitoring of the solvent extraction flowsheets provides unique capability to quickly detect unwanted manipulations with fissile isotopes present in the radiochemical streams during reprocessing activities. Our ability to identify material intentionally diverted from a liquid-liquid solvent extraction contactor system was successfully tested using on-line process monitoring. A chemical diversion and detection from a solvent extraction scheme was demonstrated using a centrifugal contactor system operating with the simulant PUREX extraction system of Nd(NO3)3/nitric acid aqueous phase and TBP/dodecane organic phase. A portion of the feed from a counter-current extraction system was diverted while a continuous extraction experiment was underway; the spectroscopic on-line process monitoring system was simultaneously measuring the feed, raffinate and organic products streams. The amount observed to be diverted by on-line spectroscopic process monitoring was in excellent agreement with values based from known mass of samplemore » directly taken (diverted) from system feed solution. We conclude that real-time spectroscopic process monitoring would be a useful tool for the IAEA to detect the diversion of nuclear material in a timely manner. This poster summarizes our methodology of on-line process monitoring and shows recent results of specific examples.« less
TPX/TFTR neutral beam energy absorbers

The present beam energy absorbing surfaces on the TFTR neutral beams such as ion dumps, calorimeters, beam defining apertures, and scrapers, are simple water cooled copper plates which were designed to absorb (via their thermal inertia) the incident beam power for two seconds with a five minute cool down interval between pulses. These components are not capable of absorbing the anticipated beam power loading for 1000 second TPX pulses and will have to be replaced with an actively cooled design. While several actively cooled energy absorbing designs were considered, the hypervapotron elements currently being used on the JET beamlines were chosen due to their lower cooling water demands and reliable performance on JET. The authors summarize the size, location (relative to the source) and the peak power requirements of the various beam components.
Econometrics of Estimating Causal Effects An Overview for Social Work Researchers

Quantitative social work researchers are often interested in estimating the causal effects of various types of interventions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are typically thought to be the “gold standard” when it comes to estimating such effects. RCTs, however, are sometimes neither ethical nor feasible, which means researchers will need alternatives if they’re still interested in estimating causal effects. Economists have dealt with this issue as well and have developed econometric tools for estimating causal effects in the absence of data from RCTs. Many social work researchers may not be familiar with these methods, and the purpose of this article is to provide a “bird’s eye” overview of them. Readers should obtain enough here to understand the issues involved in using these methods as well which ones might be useful for their research and, therefore, worth pursuing further.
Qué es la izquierda y quién está a la derecha en la política mexicana. Un enfoque con el método Q al estudio de las etiquetas ideológicas

Iinvestigate the political significance of the left-right semantics within and across two selectedgroups of Mexican citizens in 2001 and 2004. Extending extant works, I argue thatmeanings assigned to these labels should: a) reference valence issues, in addition to politicalactors and policy stances, b) reflect elite rhetoric, and c) vary by partisan sympathiesand political sophistication. These expectations are tested using factor-analyzed datafrom a set of Q-sort studies. The results support the expectations and have important implicationsfor: a) what they suggest about latent and active lines of competition in thiscountry, and b) what they reveal about the meanings assigned to ideological labels and theways in which elite behavior and individual characteristics condition these meanings
Kleene Algebra and Regular Expressions

In Lecture 9, we gave a combinatorial proof that every finite automaton has an equivalent regular expression. Here is an algebraic proof that generalizes that argument. It is worth looking at because it introduces the notion of Kleene algebra and the use of matrices. We will show how to use matrices and Kleene algebra to solve systems of linear equations involving sets of strings.
Anomaly Detection in Streaming Sensor Data

In this chapter we consider a cell phone network as a set of automatically deployed sensors that records movement and interaction patterns of the population. We discuss methods for detecting anomalies in the streaming data produced by the cell phone network. We motivate this discussion by describing the Wireless Phone Based Emergency Response (WIPER) system, a proof-of-concept decision support system for emergency response managers. We also discuss some of the scientific work enabled by this type of sensor data and the related privacy issues. We describe scientific studies that use the cell phone data set and steps we have taken to ensure the security of the data. We describe the overall decision support system and discuss three methods of anomaly detection that we have applied to the data.
The Aronsson-Euler equation for absolutely minimizing Lipschitz extensions with respect to Carnot-Carathéodory metrics

We derive the Euler-Lagrange equation (also known in this setting as the Aronsson-Euler equation) for absolute minimizers of the L∞ variational problem formula math where Ω C G is an open subset of a Carnot group, ⊇ 0 u denotes the horizontal gradient of u: Ω → R, and the Lipschitz class is defined in relation to the Carnot-Caratheodory metric. In particular, we show that absolute minimizers are infinite harmonic in the viscosity sense. As a corollary we obtain the uniqueness of absolute minimizers in a large class of groups. This result extends previous work of Jensen and of Crandall, Evans and Gariepy. We also derive the Aronsson-Euler equation for more regular absolutely minimizing Lipschitz extensions corresponding to those Carnot-Caratheodory metrics which are associated to free' systems of vector fields.
A canonical coordinate decomposition network

A network structure for canonical coordinate decomposition is presented. The network consists of two single-layer linear subnetworks that together extract the canonical coordinates of two data channels. The connection weights of the networks are trained by a stochastic gradient descent learning algorithm. Each subnetwork features a hierarchical set of lateral connections among its outputs. The lateral connections perform a deflation process that subtracts the contribution of the already extracted coordinates from the input data subspace. This structure allows for adding new nodes for extracting additional canonical coordinates without the need for retraining the previous nodes. The performance of the network is evaluated on a synthesized data set.
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES OF AMARYLLIS

Energy content of tissue produced in male and female reproductive structures as well as in associated flower parts of Amaryllis was measured with an oxygen bomb calorimeter. In typical flowers, 6.6% of their total energy (2,880 cal) was in pollen, 4.9o in anther walls, 4.6% in ovules and placentae, and 12.6% in ovary walls and septa. Ovules were estimated to contain only about one-third as much energy as pollen. Mature seeds typically contained about 100 times as much energy as ovules. Total energy in mature seeds per flower was approximately equal to total energy in flower tissues. Proportional allocation of anther energy to pollen increased with anther size. The biological significance of these results is discussed.
Retrospective Study in 40 Patients of Utility of C-arm FDCT as an Adjunctive Modality in Technically Challenging Image-Guided Percutaneous Drainage Procedures.

To explore the utility of C-arm flat detector computed tomography (FDCT) as an adjunctive modality in technically challenging image-guided percutaneous drainage procedures. Clinical and image data were reviewed on 40 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous drainage of fluid collections in technically challenging anatomic locations that required the use of C-arm FDCT between 2009 and 2013. Percutaneous drainage was performed under ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance with the use of C-arm FDCT as a problem-solving tool to identify appropriate needle/wire placement prior to drainage catheter placement (n = 33) or to confirm catheter positioning within the fluid collection (n = 8). Technical success and procedural complications were recorded and retrospectively analyzed. Forty one fluid collections were identified in 40 patients. Mean number of C-arm FDCT rotational acquisitions per patient was 1.25. Mean procedure time per patient was 59.3 min. Mean fluoroscopy time was 5.5 min, and mean air kerma was 394.3 mGy. Percutaneous drainage with the use of C-arm FDCT was successful in 35 of 40 patients (87.5 %). Technical failure was encountered in 5 of 40 patients due to too narrow window (n = 1), too small or no fluid collection noted on C-arm FDCT images (n = 2), and poor image quality requiring the use of a conventional CT scan (n = 2). Three procedure-related complications occurred (7.5 %), which included traversed rectum, traversed spleen, and sepsis. C-arm FDCT is useful as an adjunctive modality in the interventional suite for technically challenging percutaneous drainage procedures by providing sufficient anatomic detail. Complications of catheter misplacement can be avoided if C-arm FDCT is used prior to tract dilatation. If C-arm FDCT image quality of needle and/or wire placement is poor, conventional CT guidance is recommended.
Light particle emission in fusion-like 14N + 197Au collisions at E/A = 35 MeV

Abstract Single- and two-particle inclusive cross sections for light nuclei (p, d, t, 3,4 He, 6–9 Li, 7,8,10 Be) were measured for 14 N induced reactions on 197 Au at E / A = 35 MeV. At forward angles, θ ≈ 20°, quasi-elastic peripheral reactions and more violent fusion-like collisions were discriminated by measuring the folding angle between two coincident fission fragments resulting from the decay of the heavy reaction residue. More pronounced correlation functions, but very similar emission temperatures are observed for fusion-like collisions as compared to peripheral collisions.
A new mechanism of film thinning: enhancement of Reynolds' velocity by surface waves

Abstract The celebrated Reynolds' law of film thinning is based on the assumptions of tangential immobility and plane-parallel configuration of film interfaces. It is, however, well established that even the tangentially immobile thin films are neither plane-parallel, nor do they follow Reynolds' law (both qualitatively and quantitatively) for film radii larger than a certain small value (typically 5 × 10 −3 cm). Further, departures from both the plane-parallel configuration and Reynolds' law increase as the film radius increases. The present theory obtains the frequency of temporal oscillations and the propagation speeds of the experimentally observed thickness nonhomogeneities from the equations of motion. For large radii (typically larger than 10 −2 cm), the pumping of the fluid that is generated by the thickness fluctuations gives the dominant contribution to the velocity of film thinning. In these circumstances, the velocity of thinning is orders of magnitude larger than Reynolds' velocity and it varies inversely with three-fourth power of the film radius. This is to be contrasted with Reynolds' velocity that is inversely proportional to the second power of the film radius. Finally, the drainage times and the thinning velocities calculated from the present theory are in both qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data.
CS-US interval and suppression of unconditioned vocalization to shock: Associative or non-associative

Two experiments are reported in which distress vocalizations to shock (UR) were studied while varying signaled (CS) and unsignaled shock (US), strains, and seven different CS-US intervals (ISI) from 100 msec to 6 sec. Measures analyzed were total vocalizations, vocalizations on Trial 1, and distribution of vocalizations over the 2 sec shock. ISIs of 300 msec or less did not suppress vocalizations while ISIs from.5 to 6 sec did (p <.001), but not differentially. CS suppression of the UR occurred on Trial 1 (p <.001) and continued for all trials. Albinos vocalized more than hoods (p <.01). A non-associative interpretation was supported.