cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of mTORC2 enhances UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes through a mechanism dependent on the FOXO3a transcriptional target NOXA but independent of TRAIL

The primary cause of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. We have shown previously that mTORC2 inhibition sensitizes keratinocytes to UVB-induced apoptosis mediated by the transcription factor FOXO3a. FOXO3a is a key regulator of apoptosis and a tumor suppressor in several cancer types. Activation of FOXO3a promotes apoptosis through the coordinated expression of a variety of target genes, including TRAIL and NOXA. We hypothesized that in the setting of mTORC2 inhibition, the UVB-induced expression of these factors would lead to apoptosis in a FOXO3a-dependent manner. Using spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), we observed that both TRAIL and NOXA expression increased in cells exposed to UVB and the TOR kinase inhibitor Torin 2. Similar to knockdown of FOXO3a, NOXA knockdown reversed the sensitization to UVB-induced apoptosis caused by mTORC2 inhibition. In contrast, loss of TRAIL by either knockdown or knockout actually enhanced expression of nuclear FOXO3a, which maintained apoptosis. These surprising results are not due to faulty death receptor signaling in HaCaT cells, as we found that the cells undergo extrinsic apoptosis in response to treatment with recombinant TRAIL. Even more striking, TRAIL knockout cells were sensitized to recombinant TRAIL-induced apoptosis compared to wild-type HaCaT cells, with the largest increase occurring in the presence of mTORC2 inhibition. Taken together, these studies provide strong evidence that mTORC2 controls UVB-induced apoptosis by regulating NOXA expression downstream of FOXO3a. Moreover, FOXO3a transcriptional activation by mTORC2 inhibitors may be a valuable target for prevention or therapy of NMSC, especially in cases with low endogenous TRAIL.
Generators and Relations

The purpose of this chapter is to describe eight generating wiring diagrams that we will later show to be sufficient to describe the entire operad of wiring diagrams as well as its smaller variants for normal wiring diagrams and strict wiring diagrams. One may also regard this chapter as consisting of a long list of examples of wiring diagrams.
Minimally Invasive Intradural Tumor Resection

Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches to intradural pathology, specifically intradural extramedullary tumors, have been shown to be safe and effective. In appropriately selected patients, MIS techniques may potentially reduce complications, morbidity, and cost, compared to traditional open surgery. In this chapter, we discuss the preoperative planning, technical details, and postoperative considerations related to the minimally invasive resection of intradural extramedullary tumors. Surgical steps are illustrated by a case presentation and accompanying video. Current evidence supporting the use of MIS techniques for intradural tumor surgery is also discussed.
A New Method to Determine the Optimal Willingness to Pay in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Abstract Objective To provide a new approach to estimate optimal willingness to pay (WTP) for health technology assessment (HTA). Study Design This analysis specified utility as a function of income and calibrated it using estimates of relative risk aversion, from which the optimal WTP (K) can be determined using Garber and Phelps’ results (1997). Methods This analysis used the highly flexible Weibull utility function, calibrated with estimates of relative risk aversion (r*) derived from multiple data sources. The analysis centered on r* = 1 and conducted sensitivity analysis on r* and key Weibull parameters. For a range of income (M), graphs demonstrated how K/M and K vary with M. Results were compared with estimates of K and K/M from alternative models. Extrapolation from a representative individual to population-wide health plans was discussed. Results Using r* = 1 and central values of other key parameters, K/M (at average income for developed nations) was approximately 2× annual income. Both K and K/M rose with income. Sensitivity analysis showed that results depend moderately on the chosen value of r* and specific Weibull utility function parameters. At average income, the optimal K/M ratio (2×) was modestly lower than many standard recommendations (typically 3× average income) and substantially lower than estimates using value-of-statistical-life approaches. Conclusions The new model, although not yet perfected, provides a different way to identify the WTP cutoff for HTA. Extrapolation to more than twice the calibration income ($50 000) is advised against. Analysis of other approaches to estimate the optimal K reveal potential upward biases.
Construction and Validation of the Interpersonal Influence Tactics Circumplex (IIT-C) Scales.

Assessment of interpersonal dispositions (e.g., traits, problems) commonly employs self- and informant-report measures that conform to the two-dimensional interpersonal circumplex (IPC) model. Here...
Mermithid nematode parasites of eastern subterranean termites in North America

The subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar, 1837) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) occurs throughout the eastern USA and populations have been found as far west as Oregon. As with other termites, eastern subterranean termites live in colonies composed of workers, soldiers and reproductives. The blind, wingless workers, which are only between 3 and 4 mm long, feed on wood and can cause serious damage to wooden structures throughout their range (Edwards & Mill, 1986). Mermithid parasitism of termites is a rare occurrence and this report represents the first case of mermithid parasitism of termites in North and Central America.
Monitoring crop water content for corn and soybean fields through data fusion of MODIS and Landsat measurements in Iowa

Abstract Vegetation water content (VWC) is of vital significance to many applications in agriculture, such as crop yield estimation and precision irrigation. However, previous studies mainly estimate VWC at either high spatial resolution or temporal resolution due to the limitation of space-borne observation systems. In this paper, we target on monitoring daily plant VWC as well as canopy VWC at 30 m high spatial resolution with the fusion of optical measurements from the Land Remote Sensing Satellite (Landsat) Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in an agricultural area. The study area locates in the central of Iowa, the United States (USA), the study period ranges from August 1 to August 17, 2016. Landsat 8 OLI observations are with 16-day revisit cycle and 30-m spatial resolution, MODIS daily surface reflectance product used in this study has 500-m spatial resolution. Six Landsat OLI images and thirty MODIS images were used to estimate daily remotely sensed reflectance data at 30m first. Then, the fused satellite measurements were used to calculate Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Ground-based plant VWC and canopy VWC measurements were collected during the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment (SMAPVEX16) to calibrate and validate the model for plant VMC and canopy VWC estimation separately with the NDWI. The results of validation with in-situ measurements showed an R2 of 0.44 for the corn plant VWC, an R2 of 0.66 for the corn canopy VWC; and an R2 of 0.78 for the soybean plant VWC, an R2 of 0.85 for the soybean canopy VWC, respectively.
Pain, psychological flexibility, and continued substance use in a predominantly hispanic adult sample receiving methadone treatment for opioid use disorder

Abstract Background We explored pain, psychological flexibility, and continued substance use among 100 adults treated with methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD). All participants had co-occurring chronic pain. Methods Participants recruited from a community treatment center between 2009 and 2010 completed an interviewer-facilitated assessment. Chronic pain severity and interference, psychological flexibility (mindfulness, acceptance, values success), past 30-day substance use, and demographics were reported. We modeled a zero-inflated negative binomial regression to examine 1) the probability that an individual does not use illicit substances and 2) illicit substance use frequency among those expected to use. Pain severity and mindfulness were included as predictors in the logit (zero inflated) model. Pain interference, acceptance, and values success were included as predictors in the negative binomial (count) model. We controlled for age and gender in both models. Results Participants were predominantly (84%) Hispanic, and 64% used an illicit substance least once in the past 30 days. Greater degree of mindfulness significantly predicted the probability that an individual does not continue to use illicit substances (OR = 1.59, p Conclusions Findings suggest psychological flexibility is associated with continued substance use in this predominantly Hispanic sample of adults treated for OUD with co-occurring chronic pain. Study findings may have implications for how to address the treatment needs of this complex population.
Asymmetries in the cilia of Chlamydomonas.

The generation of ciliary waveforms requires the spatial and temporal regulation of dyneins. This review catalogues many of the asymmetric structures and proteins in the cilia of Chlamydomonas, a u...
Impact of feedstock composition on pyrolysis of low-cost, protein- and lignin-rich biomass: A review

Abstract Bio-energy is a major component of the global renewable energy market due to the low requirement for energy infrastructure modification and the high bio-energy productivity. Bio-ethanol production from sugar-rich biomass, biodiesel production from lipid-rich biomass, and biogas production from volatile-matter-dense feedstock have been commercialized. A substantial fraction of biomass waste, however, is still discarded due to high processing costs and low end-product values. This fraction includes agricultural wastes, dedicated plants, spent grains, de-oiled seed cakes, forestry wastes, food wastes, municipal wastes, and digestated residues. Such wastes generally contain fewer digestible compounds (e.g. fatty acids and sugars), and more proteins and recalcitrant lignin, which require more severe reaction conditions to extract valuable compounds. Pyrolysis is a potential inexpensive extraction option for these compounds with the needed reaction severity, easy operation, and high compatibility with diverse feedstocks. Here, pyrolysis reactions of protein- and lignin-rich biomass wastes are compared in terms of feedstock composition, degradation mechanism, and yield and quality of bio-oils. Overall, agricultural wastes, dedicated plants, seed cakes, digestates, and municipal wastes are recommended for pyrolysis in terms of higher yields and higher quality of bio-oils. Denitrogenation upgrading strategies can further improve the potential of the produced bio-oils.
A Guided Strategy: The Public Affairs Triumvirate Community, Organization, and Administration Sciences

This chapter defines the sciences in the Public Affairs Triumvirate and the trilogy of components within each science so the reader is prepared for the application of the strategy highlighted in Chapters 4– 6. Community science includes the trilogy of the ecological, typological, and conflict approaches. Organization science includes the trilogy of rational, natural, and open systems. Administration science includes the trilogy of managerial, political, and legal approaches and the core principles of public administration and governance. The application of the Public Affairs Triumvirate Strategy includes eight steps, all outlined and defined, and a template is inaugurated at the end of the chapter to provide a methodical, yet systematic guide for higher education leaders.
Nano Assessing Nano: Nanosensor‐Enabled Detection of Cell Phenotypic Changes Identifies Nanoparticle Toxicological Effects at Ultra‐Low Exposure Levels

Industrial use of nanomaterials is rapidly increasing, making the effects of these materials on the environment and human health of critical concern. Standard nanotoxicity evaluation methods rely on detecting cell death or major dysfunction and will miss early signs of toxicity. In this work, the use of rapid and sensitive nanosensors that can efficiently detect subtle phenotypic changes on the cell surface following nanomaterial exposure is reported. Importantly, the method reveals significant phenotypic changes at dosages where other conventional methods show normal cellular activity. This approach holds promise in toxicological and pharmacological evaluations to ensure safer and better use of nanomaterials.
Optimal Packing of CO at a High Coverage on Pt(100) and Pt(111) Surfaces

High coverage structures for CO on Pt(111) and Pt(100) surfaces are studied by density functional theory modeling and compared to high pressure scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. Semilocal ...
On the center of the ring of differential operators on a smooth variety over ℤ/ p n ℤ

We compute the center of the ring of PD differential operators on a smooth variety over ℤ/ p n ℤ, confirming a conjecture of Kaledin (private communication). More generally, given an associative algebra A 0 over ℤ p and its flat deformation A n over ℤ/ p n +1 ℤ, we prove that under a certain non-degeneracy condition, the center of A n is isomorphic to the ring of length-( n +1) Witt vectors over the center of A 0 .
Incorporating feasibility protocols in intervention research.

Abstract In this paper, we review some dimensions of feasibility research. Feasibility research focuses on the intervention process and addresses questions about whether and how an intervention can be evaluated and implemented. Feasibility studies are implemented prior to conducting an outcome-focused pilot study or full-scale evaluation to test the effectiveness of an intervention. We propose a feasibility framework that includes 10 possible dimensions to evaluate in a feasibility trial, including (a) recruitment capability, (b) data collection procedures, (c) design procedures, (d) social validity, (e) practicality, (f) integration into existing systems, (g) adaptability, (h) implementation, (i) effectiveness, and (j) generalizability. Among these dimensions we offer some priorities that researchers can consider in establishing feasibility. Although feasibility investigations can advance evidence-based practice in psychology and education, we review current challenges for researchers to consider when incorporating a feasibility protocol into their intervention research agenda.
An area preserving method for improved categorical raster resampling

The raster data structure stores categorical and continuous field data for spatial analysis, environmental modeling, and resource planning. With rapidly advancing sensor networks, the spatial resol...
Does ambition correspond to leadership aptitude

We posit a null hypothesis—that people who are more motivated to hold senior leadership roles do not possess stronger leadership skills. Drawing from three studies (two pre-registered), which focus...
Ku-Band Frequency Selective 3D Vertical Pillar Array

This paper presents frequency-selective 3D vertical pillars arrays that have been tuned to 15 GHz as a center frequency of the Ku-Band (12-18 GHz) for satellite applications. The vertical pillars were designed with a quarter wavelength height and a half lambda period at 15 GHz. Simple in-house fabrication methods including electroless and electro platings were introduced to fabricate the frequency-selective 3D vertical pillars arrays. An array of pillars was 3D printed together on the substrate. The electroless plating was introduced to deposit a seed copper layer over the device, where the pillar and the substrate were metalized simultaneously. An additional copper layer was electroplated over the sample to thicken the copper layer considering the skin depth at 15 GHz. The completed sample was electrically characterized using a network analyzer with two horn antennas operating at 15 GHz. Various 3D structures were successfully fabricated and showed great potentials for frequency selective surface applications.
Towards All-optical Circuit-switched Datacenter Network Cores: The Case for Mitigating Traffic Skewness at the Edge

All-optical circuit switched network core is the holy grail for the next-generation datacenter architectures, as electrical packet switches are struggling to cope up with increasing challenges posed by the end of Moore's law. However, traffic skewness is the biggest enemy of such all-optical network cores comprising of a simple round-robin circuit-scheduling abstraction. Even though valiant load balancing can theoretically solve the problem, it falls short in most of the practical scenarios. In this paper, we point towards a new research direction to address the skewness problem: why not resolve most of the skewness at the network edge while keeping the optical core simple? This approach is fundamentally different and can potentially enable the all-optical network core to achieve good performance in practice. We discuss relevant strategies and envision that a holistic system design is necessary considering all these strategies together.
Medical Deportation, Non-Citizen Patients

This chapter is an investigation of the morality of medical deportation, the practice of returning undocumented migrants, despite their ill health and/or injuries, to their countries of origin. In Sect. 16.1, I look more closely at the nature of medical deportation. In Sect. 16.2, I argue that understanding the morality of medical deportation requires nonideal theory. In Sect. 16.3, I outline contractualism as a nonideal theory. In Sect. 16.4, I apply contractualism to medical deportation and make the case that, first, there are in principle some cases in which medical deportation is morally permissible but, second, the standards that must be met in cases of morally permissible medical deportation are very high. In Sect. 16.5, I consider stakeholders other than the patient and the medical care facility and examine the ways in which effects on them might render medical deportation morally impermissible. I conclude that real-world cases of morally permissible medical deportation are rare at best, and there is little prospect of this situation changing.
Strategies to Improve School Meal Consumption: A Systematic Review

School meals can play an integral role in improving children’s diets and addressing health disparities. Initiatives and policies to increase consumption have the potential to ensure students benefit from the healthy school foods available. This systematic review evaluates studies examining initiatives, interventions, and policies to increase school meal consumption. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review was conducted using four databases and resulted in a total of 96 studies. The research evidence supports the following strategies to increase school meal consumption: (1) offering students more menu choices; (2) adapting recipes to improve the palatability and/or cultural appropriateness of foods; (3) providing pre-sliced fruits; (4) rewarding students who try fruits and vegetables; (5) enabling students to have sufficient time to eat with longer (~30 min) lunch periods; (6) having recess before lunch; and (7) limiting students’ access to competitive foods during the school day. Research findings were mixed when examining the impact of nutrition education and/or offering taste tests to students, although multiple benefits for nutrition education outside the cafeteria were documented. There is some evidence that choice architecture (i.e., “Smarter Lunchroom”) techniques increase the proportion of students who select targeted meal components; however, there is not evidence that these techniques alone increase consumption. There were limited studies of the impact of increasing portion sizes; serving vegetables before other meal components; and strengthening local district and/or school wellness policies, suggesting that further research is necessary. Additionally, longer-term studies are needed to understand the impact of policies that limit students’ access to flavored milk. Several studies found increases in students’ meal consumption following the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) and concerns regarding an increase in food waste following the HHFKA were not supported. Overall, there are a range of effective strategies to increase school meal consumption that can be implemented by schools, districts, and policymakers at the local, state, and federal levels (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021244688).
Full-Scale Testing and Performance Evaluation of Rockfall Concrete Barriers

Rockfall hazards are present throughout the state of Ohio. The Ohio Department of Transportation (DOT) employs Test Level 3 standard concrete barriers along the edges of roadways to contain rockfalls in high-risk areas. The performance of these barriers under impact from rocks on the ditch side and their effectiveness for rockfall catchment are relatively unknown. Full-scale impact tests were performed on concrete barriers to simulate the effects of impacts from rocks of various sizes and shapes. Numerous impacts were made at different sections and levels of the barriers to test their structural integrity and energy absorption capacity. The results from this study revealed that 32-in.-high precast concrete barriers with current Ohio DOT details had an impact energy absorption capacity of up to 24 kJ under a single impact. The corresponding energy absorption capacity of 42-in.-high cast-in-place concrete barriers was about 56 kJ under a single impact. Moreover, these barriers experienced severe cracking and spalling of concrete under impact loading. Several design modifications were studied in this test program. These modifications included reducing the spacing of rebars and rebar sizes, using welded wire fabric, and using different types of fibers in the concrete. The tests conducted on the modified concrete barriers showed an impact energy increase of more than 100% with the modifications suggested in this study. Barriers made from the modified designs also experienced significantly reduced extent and severity of cracking and a reduction in spalling and splashing of concrete under impact loading.
Safer Batteries through Coupled Multiscale Modeling

Abstract Batteries are highly complex electrochemical systems, with performance and safety governed by coupled nonlinear electrochemical-electrical-thermal-mechanical processes over a range of spatiotemporal scales. We describe a new, open source computational environment for battery simulation known as VIBE - the Virtual Integrated Battery Environment. VIBE includes homogenized and pseudo-2D electrochemistry models such as those by Newman-Tiedemann-Gu (NTG) and Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN, a.k.a. DualFoil) as well as a new advanced capability known as AMPERES (Advanced MultiPhysics for Electrochemical and Renewable Energy Storage). AMPERES provides a 3D model for electrochemistry and full coupling with 3D electrical and thermal models on the same grid. VIBE/AMPERES has been used to create three-dimensional battery cell and pack models that explicitly simulate all the battery components (current collectors, electrodes, and separator). The models are used to predict battery performance under normal operations and to study thermal and mechanical response under adverse conditions.
Reverse computation for rollback-based fault tolerance in large parallel systems

Reverse computation is presented here as an important future direction in addressing the challenge of fault tolerant execution on very large cluster platforms for parallel computing. As the scale of parallel jobs increases, traditional checkpointing approaches suffer scalability problems ranging from computational slowdowns to high congestion at the persistent stores for checkpoints. Reverse computation can overcome such problems and is also better suited for parallel computing on newer architectures with smaller, cheaper or energy-efficient memories and file systems. Initial evidence for the feasibility of reverse computation in large systems is presented with detailed performance data from a particle (ideal gas) simulation scaling to 65,536 processor cores and 950 accelerators (GPUs). Reverse computation is observed to deliver very large gains relative to checkpointing schemes when nodes rely on their host processors/memory to tolerate faults at their accelerators. A comparison between reverse computation and checkpointing with measurements such as cache miss ratios, TLB misses and memory usage indicates that reverse computation is hard to ignore as a future alternative to be pursued in emerging architectures.
Scaling of quasibrittle fracture: asymptotic analysis

Fracture of quasibrittle materials such as concrete, rock, ice, tough ceramics and various fibrous or particulate composites, exhibits complex size effects. An asymptotic theory of scaling governing these size effects is presented, while its extension to fractal cracks is left to a companion paper (1) which follows. The energy release from the structure is assumed to depend on its size , on the crack length, and on the material length governing the fracture process zone size. Based on the condition of energy balance during fracture propagation and the condition of stability limit under load control, the large-size and small-size asymptotic expansions of the size effect on the nominal strength of structure containing large cracks or notches are derived. It is shown that the form of the approximate size effect law previously deduced (2) by other arguments can be obtained from these expansions by asymptotic matching. This law represents a smooth transition from the case of no size effect, corresponding to plasticity, to the power law size effect of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The analysis is further extended to deduce the asymptotic expansion of the size effect for crack initiation in the boundary layer from a smooth surface of structure. Finally, a universal size effect law which approximately describes both failures at large cracks (or notches) and failures at crack initiation from a smooth surface is derived by matching the aforementioned three asymptotic expansions.
Ethical implications of searching for a kidney donor online

This paper describes an exploratory study investigating the ethical implications of searching for a kidney donor online. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight individuals -- four people who found a kidney donor online and four people who were still searching -- about the process of looking for an altruistic kidney donor on the Internet. To explore ethical issues discussed by participants, the interviews were coded using the resource-product-target model of information ethics. All three types of moral issues outlined in this model were present in the data. When viewing information as a resource, participants discussed their choice to go online to find a donor, the process of encouraging others to share their solicitation message, and ways of handling requests for payment in exchange for a donation. In the information-as-product perspective, people discussed the management of their online persona. Finally, the ramifications of patients and caregivers choosing to share personal health information online was discussed when participants considered information as a target. Several fruitful areas for future research are identified in this study, which is the first qualitative study investigating the phenomenon of searching for a kidney donor online -- an area of great interest to information scientists, healthcare providers, medical ethicists, and chronic kidney disease patients.
How to Prepare for Class

This document was prepared as a handout for first year law students in a Civil Procedure class, but it could be useful for students in any class where both cases and statutes are read. In addition to providing general advice on study habits, it suggests formats for students to use in summarizing (or briefing) both case law and statutes. Since fewer resources exist to guide students in reading statutes, the handout devotes more space to that topic, including examples and problems.
Decimeter-Wavelength Studies of Recombination Lines

The results of new studies of decimeter wavelength Hnα and Cnα lines toward galactic nebulae are reported. The observations were made with the 305-m radio telescope of the Arecibo Observatory at 430 MHz (247α and 248α) and 606 MHz (221α). Selected positions in W51, W49, and the Rosette nebula were observed. The observed lines exhibit no pressure broadening; however, this is consistent with the interpretation of the data.
Testing capitalism: Perpetuating privilege behind the masks of merit and objectivity

The accountability paradigm for reforming public schools began in the U.S. as a state-based initiative grounded in establishing state standards for core content and developing high-stakes tests and schedules to hold schools, teachers, and students accountable (Hout and Elliott, 2011). This essay examines the test-based patterns of that paradigm over the past thirty years by confronting testing as a mechanism of surveillance (Foucault, 1984) and then examining the accountability era in South Carolina as an example of the power and failure of accountability based on tests. Tests remain powerful, I contend, because they reinforce the investment-and-return vernacular that reflects and reinforces Americans’ faith in capitalism over democracy.
On And Off-body Path Loss Model Using Planar Inverted F Antenna

The rapid development of biosensors and wireless communication devices brings new opportunities for Body-Centric Wireless Networks (BCWN) which has recently received increasing attention due to their promising applications in medical sensor systems and personal entertainment technologies. Body-centric wireless communications (BCWCs) is a central point in the development of fourth generation mobile communications. In body-centric wireless networks, various units/sensors are scattered on/around the human body to measure specified physiological data, as in patient monitoring for healthcare applications [1-3]. A body-worn base station will receive the medical data measured by the sensors located on/around the human body. In BCWCs, communications among on-body devices are required, as well as communications with external base stations. Antennas are the essential component for wearable devices in body-centric wireless networks and they play a vital role in optimizing the radio system performance. The human body is considered an uninviting and even hostile environment for a wireless signal. The diffraction and scattering from the body parts, in addition to the tissue losses, lead to strong attenuation and distortion of the signal [1]. In order to design power-efficient on-body and off-body communication systems, accurate understanding of the wave propagation, the radio channel characteristics and attenuation around the human body is extremely important. In the past few years, researchers have been thoroughly investigating narrow band and ultra wideband on-body radio channels. In [4], on-body radio channel characterisation was presented at ultra wideband frequencies. In body-centric wireless communications, there is a need of communications among the devices mounted on the body as well as off-body devices. In previous study, researchers have designed the antennas for on-body communications and investigated the on-body radio channel performance both in narrowband and Ultra wideband technologies. This paper presents the results of on-body and off-body path loss model using Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA). The antenna used in this study works at two different frequency bands as 2.45 GHz (ISM band) and 1.9 GHz (PCS band). The 2.45 GHz is used for the communication over human body surface (on-body) and 1.9 GHz is used for the communication from body mounted devices to off-body units (off-body communications). Measurement campaigns were performed in the indoor environment and anechoic chamber. A frequency-domain measurement set-up was applied. Antenna design and on and off-body path loss model results will be presented.
The human amygdala and pain: Evidence from neuroimaging

The amygdala, a small deep brain structure involved in behavioral processing through interactions with other brain regions, has garnered increased attention in recent years in relation to pain processing. As pain is a multidimensional experience that encompasses physical sensation, affect, and cognition, the amygdala is well suited to play a part in this process. Multiple neuroimaging studies of pain in humans have reported activation in the amygdala. Here, we summarize these studies by performing a coordinate-based meta-analysis within experimentally induced and clinical pain studies using an activation likelihood estimate analysis. The results are presented in relation to locations of peak activation within and outside of amygdala subregions. The majority of studies identified coordinates consistent with human amygdala cytoarchitecture indicating reproducibility in neuroanatomical labeling across labs, analysis methods, and imaging modalities. Differences were noted between healthy and clinical pain studies: in clinical pain studies, peak activation was located in the laterobasal region, suggestive of the cognitive-affective overlay present among individuals suffering from chronic pain; while the less understood superficial region of the amygdala was prominent among experimental pain studies. Taken together, these findings suggest several important directions for further research exploring the amygdala's role in pain processing.
Municipal Expenditures Through Thick and Thin

This article examines changes in the revenue and expenditure patterns of twelve major cities (six fiscally healthy; six fiscally distressed) from fiscal years 1964 to 1979. The purpose of the examination is to determine whether resource scarcity results in significantly different expenditure patterns, especially for essential services (police, fire, sanitation, and sewerage), social services (welfare, health, hospitals, and public housing), capital spending, and personal services (salaries). The results show that changes in revenue patterns are not significantly related to changes in expenditure patterns, with the exception of capital spending. The results support the theory that cutback budgetary strategies are not significantly different from expansionary budgetary strategies. Incrementalism (decrementalism) prevails.
Intuitive and sensible, but often vague

Tanya Luhrmann's (2012, p. xi) When God Talks Back: Understanding the American evangelical relationship with God opens with a concise statement of her agenda:This book begins with a few simple ques...
Interaction between prosody and intelligibility

In the lead article, Peppe (2009) provides a clear and detailed overview of prosody as it relates to the field of speech-language pathology, an often marginalized and misunderstood subject. Peppe makes a convincing case as to why speech-language pathologists should take notice of atypical prosody in the speech of their clients and provides an overview of current methods of documentation. Peppe also briefly notes that prosody can affect intelligibility and the purpose of this article is to expand upon this point. This article discusses current research on the effect of prosody on intelligibility in the speech of deaf individuals and individuals with neurological disorders. Research findings on acoustic dimensions of prosody and intelligibility are also examined. Finally, this article presents a case study of a child with highly unintelligible speech due to multiple articulatory errors. The child's appropriate use of intonation is examined in several examples as a possible factor that aids intelligibility. ...
Imports of intermediate inputs and plant survival

Abstract Previous studies have analyzed the effect of exporting on plant survival. No work has been done examining the role of importing intermediate inputs on survival. Using plant-level data from Chile we find that importing intermediate inputs increases the probability of survival.
Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to mannitol in the rat following 2450 MHz microwave irradiation.

Abstract The radiotracer method of Oldendorf 6,7 was used to determine if 2450 MHz continuous wave (CW) microwave energy increases blood-brain barrier permeability to [ 14 C]mannitol, which is normally excluded from entering the brain. Anesthetized, adult rats were irradiated singly for 30 min in the quiet zone of an anechoic chamber, at average power densities from 0.1 to 30 mW/sq.cm. Afterwards each rat received an intracarotid bolus injection of [ 14 C]mannitol/[ 3 H]water mixture and was decapitated 15 sec later. Uptake of [ 14 C]mannitol relative to the highly permeable reference substance, [ 3 H]water, was calculated as the brain uptake index (BUI) for 4 brain regions. Mean BUI values for tissues from the microwave-irradiated rats did not differ significantly from sham-irradiated animals, and a microwave influence on barrier permeability was not evident. Irrespective of treatment, BUI values for cerebellum and medulla were much higher and more variable than values for cortex or diencephalon, and were associated with reduced absorbance or retention of [ 3 H]water. Because of a compromising influence of the vertebral arterial supply on the distribution of intracarotid-injected radiotracers, BUI measurements in caudal brain regions are probably unreliable unless accompanied by data on regional radioisotope concentrations. The absence of such data in an earlier BUI study 8 , suggests that increases in BUI for cerebellum and medulla attributed to microwaves were possibly misinterpreted as differences in barrier permeability to [ 14 C]saccharides, when in fact changes in blood flow and [ 3 H]water influx or egress were responsible.
Frege on Consistency and Conceptual Analysis

Gottlob Frege famously rejects the methodology for consistency and independence proofs offered by David Hilbert in the latter's Foundations of Geometry. The present essay defends against recent criticism the view that this rejection turns on Frege's understanding of logical entailment, on which the entailment relation is sensitive to the contents of non-logical terminology. The goals are (a) to clarify further Frege's understanding of logic and of the role of conceptual analysis in logical investigation, and (b) to point out the extent to which his understanding of logic differs importantly from that of the model-theoretic tradition that grows out of Hilbert's work.
Identification of Grb10 as a direct substrate for members of the Src tyrosine kinase family

Treatment of cells with insulin and protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors such as vanadate and pervanadate resulted in the tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb10, a Src homology 2 (SH2) and pleckstrin homology domain-containing adaptor protein which binds to a number of receptor tyrosine kinases including the insulin receptor (IR). Although Grb10 binds directly to the kinase domain of the IR, our data show that Grb10 is not a direct substrate for the IR tyrosine kinase. Consistent with this finding, Grb10 tyrosine phosphorylation in cells was inhibited by herbimycin A, a relatively specific inhibitor for members of the Src tyrosine kinase family, and by the expression of dominant negative Src or Fyn. In addition, Grb10 tyrosine phosphorylation was stimulated by expression of constitutively active Src or Fyn in cells and by incubation with purified Src or Fyn in vitro. The insulin stimulated or Src/Fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo was significantly reduced when Grb10 tyrosine 67 was changed to glycine. This mutant form of Grb10 bound with higher affinity to the IR in cells than that of the wild-type protein, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of Grb10 may normally negatively regulate its binding to the IR. Our data show that Grb10 is a new substrate for members of the Src tyrosine kinase family and that the tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein may play a potential role in cell signaling processes mediated by these kinases.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Gastroesophageal Reflux. Implications for Treatment

Even though the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is unknown, there is mounting evidence that abnormal reflux (GERD) and aspiration of gastric contents may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aims of this study were to determine in patients with GERD and IPF: (a) the clinical presentation, (b) the esophageal function, and (c) the reflux profile. We compared the clinical presentation, the esophageal function (as defined by high-resolution manometry), and the reflux profile (by dual sensor pH monitoring) in 80 patients with GERD (group A) and in 22 patients with GERD and IPF (group B). Heartburn was present in less than 60 % of patients with GERD and IPF. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and peristalsis were normal in both groups, while the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) was more frequently hypotensive in IPF patients (p = 0.008). In patients with GERD and IPF, the proximal esophageal acid exposure was higher (p = 0.047) and the supine acid clearance was slower as compared with patients with GERD only (p < 0.001). The results of this study show that in patients with GERD and IPF: (a) reflux is frequently silent, (b) with the exception of a weaker UES, the esophageal function is preserved, and (c) proximal reflux is more common, and in the supine position, it is coupled with a slower acid clearance. Because these factors predisposing IPF patients to the risk of aspiration, antireflux surgery should be considered early after the diagnosis of IPF and GERD is established.
Gossypol-induced DNA breaks in rat lymphocytes are secondary to cytotoxicity.

Abstract Gossypol, a male antifertility and potential anticancer agent, was found to induce DNA strand breaks in rat lymphocytes. DNA breaks were measured with the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or ‘comet’ assay. A significant increase in DNA breaks was observed after 1 h incubation at concentrations of 2 μg/ml or greater. The inclusion of 10% fetal bovine serum in the media reduced the toxicity of gossypol, and DNA breaks were only observed at a concentration of 80 μg/ml. However, the increase in DNA strand breaks, for incubations with and without serum, only occurred when cell viability was reduced to less than 70%. Examination of cell morphology and DNA fragmentation at incubations up to 5 h yielded no evidence that DNA strand breaks were occurring due to apoptosis. We conclude that gossypol is not primarily genotoxic in this cell type, and that the DNA breaks observed arose secondary to cytotoxicity.
Integrating solvent extraction with the processing of advanced ceramic materials

Abstract Many advanced technological applications require ceramic materials with specific mechanical, thermal, electrical or magnetic properties. The chemical composition and microstructure of these materials must be controlled precisely, by using appropriate processing techniques. Chemical routes generally give much better control than can be achieved using the more traditional physical and mechanical ceramics processing methods. One of the most versatile chemical processing routes is the hydrolysis of metal-organic complexes, such as alkoxides (loosely described as sol-gel methods). Under different conditions, sub-micron, monosized powders, monolithic components, aerogels, films and coatings can be prepared by hydrolyzing metal alkoxides dissolved in alcohols. However, these methods are relatively costly, and give rather low product yields. The solvent extraction systems used routinely in hydrometallurgy, particularly cation-exchangers, are somewhat similar to alkoxide solutions, and provide a technically promising, economically competitive route for synthesizing oxide ceramics. A wide range of oxide powders, including magnetic ferrites and zirconia, have been precipitated by direct hydrolysis of carboxylate solutions at elevated temperatures. This behavior is discussed in terms of thermodynamics, kinetics, the structure and composition of the metal carboxylate complexes and other factors influencing precipitate nucleation, growth and agglomeration. Rare-earth oxalate powders, which can be calcined to oxides, have been precipitated from carboxylate and D2EHPA extractants, using emulsions to control the size and morphology of the powders. Metal-loaded solvent extractants might also be used to prepare oxide thin-films, or to coat whiskers with thick layers of oxides to facilitate the fabrication of composite materials. In some cases these materials preparation routes could be integrated with primary solvent extraction circuits. For other applications, the initial solvent extraction stage could be used to prepare high-purity materials from cheaper feedstocks.
Standard of Cretaceous System: ABSTRACT

A preliminary report on this subject was read before the Pacific Section of the Association on October 16, 1941. The present paper incorporates slight revisions based on suggestions from several colleagues, notably John B. Reeside, Jr., and his associates, Gayle Scott and Hans E. Thalmann. The standard of the Cretaceous system represents a composite time-rock column--a total or complete sequence of strata between the Jurassic and the Cenozoic. This standard has been built up by fitting together continuous sections which are especially well exposed in several areas in Europe. The system is subdivided into Series, Stages and Zones. These divisions are based on paleontologic evidence, with no regard being paid to thicknesses of strata and their lithologic character. Particular attention is drawn to the early work of d'Orbigny in setting up the Stages, and a detailed analysis of a representative Cretaceous Zone is presented to clarify the meaning of the termi zone. The study of the boundaries between the underlying Jurassic and the overlying Cenozoic leads to the conclusion that the lowest Cretaceous stage is the Berriasian and the highest is the Danian. End_of_Article - Last_Page 906------------
Studies of Metastably Excited Helium Clusters

Helium clusters containing long-lived metastably excited helium molecules are produced by electron impact and formed into a beam. The delayed release of excited molecules from clusters after a long flight path is measured. The release rate can be enhanced by an intersecting monochromatic infrared light beam. The frequency dependence of the light-induced signal allows us to identify the excitation as the ground-state triplet helium ${\rm He}_2^*$ molecule $\left(a^3 \sum_u^+\right)$. The rotational structure of the a→b transition is noticeably different from the same line in bulk helium, and may provide information about the nature of the cluster in the future.