cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of dual mobility components in total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review of the literature

Aims Instability remains a challenging problem in both primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Dual mobility components confer increased stability, but there are concerns about the unique complications associated with these designs, as well as the long-term survivorship. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic review of all English language articles dealing with dual mobility THAs published between 2007 and 2016 in the MEDLINE and Embase electronic databases. A total of 54 articles met inclusion criteria for the final analysis of primary and revision dual mobility THAs and dual mobility THAs used in the treatment of fractures of the femoral neck. We analysed the survivorship and rates of aseptic loosening and of intraprosthetic and extra-articular dislocation. Results For the 10 783 primary dual mobility THAs, the incidence of aseptic loosening was 1.3% (142 hips); the rate of intraprosthetic dislocation was 1.1% (122 hips) and the incidence of extra-articular dislocation was 0.46% (41 hips). The overall survivorship of the acetabular component and the dual mobility components was 98.0%, with all-cause revision as the endpoint at a mean follow-up of 8.5 years (2 to 16.5). For the 3008 revision dual mobility THAs, the rate of aseptic acetabular loosening was 1.4% (29 hips); the rate of intraprosthetic dislocation was 0.3% (eight hips) and the rate of extra-articular dislocation was 2.2% (67 hips). The survivorship of the acatabular and dual mobility components was 96.6% at a mean of 5.4 years (2 to 8). For the 554 dual mobility THAs which were undertaken in patients with a fracture of the femoral neck, the rate of intraprosthetic dislocation was 0.18% (one hip), the rate of extra-articular dislocation was 2.3% (13 hips) and there was one aseptic loosening. The survivorship was 97.8% at a mean of 1.3 years (0.75 to 2). Conclusion Dual mobility articulations are a viable alternative to traditional bearing surfaces, with low rates of instability and good overall survivorship in primary and revision THAs, and in those undertaken in patients with a fracture of the femoral neck. The incidence of intraprosthetic dislocation is low and limited mainly to earlier designs. High-quality, prospective, comparative studies are needed to evaluate further the use of dual mobility components in THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:11–19.
FDM CLOUD BASED APPLICATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM OF THE CADETS WHILE ON BOARD SHIP TRAINING FOR THE PHILIPPINE MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY IN SAN NARCISO ZAMBALES

The main thrust of the study is to develop a cloud-based application performance monitoring system of the cadets while on board ship training for the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy in San Narciso, Zambales which intended to serve as an alternative system that can be used by the target school in monitoring the performance of the cadets while on ship board and determine its effectiveness. The researcher has used the descriptive research method wherein the study is focused on the present situations. It involves the recording, description and the presentation of the present system, composition and phenomena. The Statement of the problem focused in obtaining the effectiveness of the proposed cloud based application in performance monitoring system of the cadets for the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, San Narciso, Zambales. Findings showed that the Department of Shipboard Training needs a real time system that can monitor the cadets while on board ship training. Based on the conclusion of this study, the researcher recommends the development of the cloud based application which will monitor the performance of the cadets while on board ship training and lastly, the developed system was tested during the implementation and met no errors. Based on the findings, the number of respondents as group per course is in parallel to the ratio of the students currently enrolled at PMMA. Majority of the respondents for both the groups came from the existing Group whose ages range from 19-21 years old.As revealed, the majority of the respondents for both the groups are males from the Proposed Group. In the proposed system out of one hundred percent respondents, thirty or 93.5% cadets; while the officials are nine or 6.5% of the one hundred, from the total of thirty-nine respondents.
Microaggression and the Structure of Victimhood

Campus activists and others refer to various slights against women and minorities as “microaggressions” and use various means to publicize them. Campbell and Manning understand microaggression complaints as a distinct form of social control arising from a particular pattern of moral conflict. They argue that this pattern of conflict and social control indicates a distinctive moral culture—victimhood culture—that diverges from both the honor cultures and dignity cultures of the past. After outlining the logic of each of these cultures, they consider other manifestations of victimhood culture, such as calls for trigger warnings, safe spaces, and the banning of speakers. These and other aspects of victimhood culture attract opposition and backlash that can be understood as a clash between victimhood and dignity. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the cultural contradictions involved in according moral status to victims.
Managing the patient

The management of ovarian cancer is based on the type of cancer (e.g, epithelial versus malignant germ cell) and the stage of the cancer. Other factors that may also be taken into account when determining a therapeutic program include patient age, childbearing status, ongoing medical comorbidities, and nutritional status.
Interpretive gonioscopy in glaucoma.

Gonioscopy is necessary for determining the mechanisms causing increased intraocular pressure in the patient with glaucoma. There are useful methods which simplify the gonioscopist's task. Particular emphasis is placed upon positioning the lens, pressure gonioscopy, and special illumination techniques as they apply to the glaucoma patient.
Return to Duty Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Unstable Ankle Fractures in the Active Duty Population.

Introduction Literature on functional outcomes after ankle surgery is for the most part limited to return to sport studies. The purpose of this study was to determine occupational and functional outcomes following operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures in the active duty military population. Materials and methods All ankle fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation at a single institution from 2013 to 2015 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included active duty personnel with a single-sided injury requiring operative management. All patients had a minimum of 6 months follow-up. Forty-seven records were reviewed with 43 patients fitting these criteria. Patients were predominantly male (91%) with an average age of 26 years at the time of fracture. Functional outcomes were evaluated using AOFAS and SANE scores. Occupational outcomes were determined in reference to a service member's ability to return to full duty. Results Of the 43 subjects, 81% (n = 35) returned to active duty. Of the eight individuals who did not return to active duty, six were medically boarded out of the military. Looking at demographic, surgical, and functional variables, only the SANE and AFAOS scores functional outcomes showed a significant correlation with individual return to duty. Individuals who reported less pain and increased functional outcomes had increased return to duty rates. Conclusion This study sought to determine predictors for return to duty within an active duty military population after ORIF of unstable ankle fractures. Given the paucity of military literature on this subject, the end goal was to provide realistic recovery expectations for both injured service members and their command teams. Overall, 81% of patients were able to return to active duty following operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures. There were no associations found between age, gender, military rank, or fracture patterns and return to duty.
Pengaruh Soft Skill dan Dukungan Sosial Teman Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran Bmt di YOGYAKARTA

Divisi pemasaran berperan penting dalam perusahaan dan merupakan ujung tombak dari peningkatan omset sebuah perusahaan. Oleh karenanya seorang pemasar harus mempunyai soft skill yang tinggi agar dapat menjalankan tugas sebaik mungkin dan memerlukan dukungan sosial dari orang lain khususnya rekan kerja agar termotivasi untuk meningkatkan kualitas kerjanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh soft skill dan dukungan sosial terhadap kinerja karyawa karyawan BMT di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan judgement sampling, responden penelitian merupakan karyawan BMT bagian pemasaran. Pengolahan dengan ordinary least square menggunakan program Eviews. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel soft skill dan dukungan sosial masing-masing memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran.
In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Hybrid Diatomite Nanovectors Using Hydra vulgaris as a Model System

Drug nanocarriers based on nanostructured materials are very promising for precision and personalized medicine applications. Diatomite porous biosilica has been recently proposed as a novel and effective material in formulations of drug systems for oral and systemic delivery. In this paper, the cytotoxicity of hybrid diatomite silica functionalized nanovectors is assessed in vivo in a living model organism, the cnidarian freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris. Hydra specimens are exposed to modified diatomite nanoparticles by prolonged incubation within their medium. Uptake and toxicological effects on Hydra are examined from viability and genetic points of view. High concentrations, up to 3.5 g L-1 for 72 h, of diatomite modified nanoparticles do not affect Hydra morphology nor do growth rate and the genetic analysis confirm the biosafety of this material, opening the way to new applications in nanomedicine.
Cell cycle progression in confining microenvironments is regulated by a growth-responsive TRPV4-PI3K/Akt-p27Kip1 signaling axis

In tissues, cells reside in confining microenvironments, which may mechanically restrict the ability of a cell to double in size as it prepares to divide. How confinement affects cell cycle progression remains unclear. We show that cells progressed through the cell cycle and proliferated when cultured in hydrogels exhibiting fast stress relaxation but were mostly arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle when cultured in hydrogels that exhibit slow stress relaxation. In fast-relaxing gels, activity of stretch-activated channels (SACs), including TRPV4, promotes activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which in turn drives cytoplasmic localization of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1, thereby allowing S phase entry and proliferation. Cell growth during G1 activated the TRPV4-PI3K/Akt-p27Kip1 signaling axis, but growth is inhibited in the confining slow-relaxing hydrogels. Thus, in confining microenvironments, cells sense when growth is sufficient for division to proceed through a growth-responsive signaling axis mediated by SACs.
A strategic analysis of stationary radiation portal monitors and mobile detection systems in border monitoring

Abstract Radiation Portal Monitors (RPMs) are our primary border defense against nuclear smuggling, but are they still the best way to spend limited funds? The purpose of this research is to strategically compare RPM defense at the border with state-side mobile detectors. Limiting the problem to a comparison of two technologies, a decision-maker can prioritize how to best allocate resources, by reinforcing the border with stationary overt RPMs, or by investing in Mobile Radiation Detection Systems (MRDs) which are harder for an adversary to detect but may have other weaknesses. An abstract, symmetric network was studied to understand the impact of initial conditions on a network. An asymmetric network, loosely modeled on a state transportation system, is then examined for the technology that will maximally suppress the adversary's success rate. We conclude that MRDs, which have the advantage of discrete operation, outperform RPMs deployed to a border. We also conclude that MRDs maintain this strategic advantage if they operate with one-tenth the relative efficiency of their stationary counter-parts or better.
Treatment Effects in Social Cognition and Behavior following a Theater-based Intervention for Youth with Autism.

ABSTRACTThis randomized clinical trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov ID# NCT02276534) examined the impact of a peer-mediated, theater-based social skills intervention, SENSE Theater®, on social cognition...
What the Business Roundtable’s Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation Means for the Study of Corporate Social Responsibility in Advertising

For readers unfamiliar with the Business Roundtable, it is a Washington, D.C. based non-profit group of approximately 200 chief executive officers from the largest U.S. corporations. The group meet...
D.C. Circuit Upholds IRS’s Voluntary Regulation of Tax Preparers — Majority Holds APA’s Statutory Notice and Comment Not Required: AICPA V. IRS

In American Institute of Certified Public Accountants v. Internal Revenue Service, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court’s dismissal and held, for the second time, that the AICPA had standing to challenge the IRS’s Annual Filing Season Program – a voluntary program to regulate tax return preparers. The D.C. Circuit went a step further and, instead of remand, ruled on the merits of the AICPA’s challenge. It upheld the IRS’s authority to promulgate the voluntary program to enhance the skills of licensed tax return preparers. While the D.C. Circuit was unanimous on the standing issue and the merits of the challenge, it split two-to-one on whether the IRS had followed proper procedure when it adopted the AFSP without first providing the requisite “notice and comment” period required by the Administrative Procedures Act. This Article analyzes three critical issues from the decision: standing, the merits of the challenge, and the dissent’s contention that the APA requires notice and comment for this rulemaking. The article concludes that the dissents analysis is APA is compelling and the IRS should have not have bypassed the notice and comment period in promulgating the AFSP. Despite the unanimous holding on the merits, that glaring procedural defect warranted the critical remedy of remand and vacatur. Without it, future IRS rulemaking may be guided by the “no harm, no foul” mindset and result in an unfortunate erosion of the due process protections of the APA.
(In)visible power: A critical policy analysis of edTPA

In less than a decade, Pearson’s distribution of the Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA) has expanded to hundreds of teacher education preparation programs in the United States. Used in more tha...
Dual-Polarized Vivaldi Array on a Triangular Lattice

This article presents a dual-polarized Vivaldi array on a triangular lattice. The all-metal ultrawideband Vivaldi features offset radiator pairs that are precision-machined from aluminum stock as a modular tile, similar to earlier reports on more typical all-metal square-lattice Vivaldi arrays. The intent of this work is to validate the embedded element performance of the dual-polarized triangular-lattice Vivaldi, comparing one-to-one with results for a similarly sized dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi array on a square (egg-crate) lattice, reported previously. The triangular-lattice Vivaldi array is optimally sampled for grating-lobe-free scans with a potential 15.5% reduction in element count compared to a corresponding optimally sampled square-lattice array of similar size. As such, the footprint of the manufactured triangular-lattice Vivaldi array is roughly 8% larger than the square-lattice array, yet has 7% fewer elements. Infinite array predictions are presented and shown to compare favorably with previous findings for the square-lattice Vivaldi array, noting minor performance compromises. Wideband and wide-scan simulations are validated with measurements of prototype hardware, demonstrating that embedded element performance of the triangular-lattice array correlates well with modeling predictions. All told, the triangular-lattice array has similar capability to the square-lattice Vivaldi array in a more efficiently sampled aperture.
Architectural Filth and the Heroic Passivism of Farhadi's Salesman

Architecture in Asghar Farhadi’s The Salesman (2016) is not a mere passive backdrop to an otherwise unaffected narrative; it is an autonomous agent that takes part in the events that unfold, complicates the narrative, and even occasionally defies the ideological position of the film. By analysing interior spaces, architectural elements, urban infrastructure, and maintenance practices, I suggest that 1) the fluid visual boundaries of Farhadi’s spatial settings are instrumental in blurring the borders of truth and morality—themes that are central to his film; 2) the ontological study of architecture, from the moment of excavation to its ultimate fracture/failure serves as a pathological medium to study the troubled masculinity of contemporary Iranian society; 3) spatial infrastructure, as the materialised memory of the film’s determinism, prophetically hints at the inevitable tragedy that awaits. The architectural analysis of The Salesman empowers the audience with additional tools to reflect upon questions of masculinity and determinism. Architecture-as-a-reflection personifies the social filth that cannot be decontaminated through vain beautification strategies. Architecture-as-a-stage reflects the temporality of space and its incidental existence vis-a-vis the dominating presence of infrastructural facilities. Architecture-as-a-confinement embodies the oppressive nature of a society in which restriction, surveillance, and control are imposed upon its residents.
Introduction: Updating Mill on Free Speech

John Stuart Mill's defense of freedom of discussion in On Liberty remains a major influence on philosophical and public debates about free speech. By highlighting underappreciated textual evidence and key distinctions, this introduction attempts to show how the contributions of the symposium authors – Melina Constantine Bell, Rafael Cejudo, Christopher Macleod, and Dale E. Miller – point toward a more complete account of Mill's views.
Emergency Department Thoracotomy: A Cost-Effective Model for Simulation Training.

Abstract Background Simulation provides a safe learning environment where high-stakes, low-frequency procedures can be practiced without the fear of being unsuccessful or causing harm. Emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) is one such procedure. Realistic thoracotomy models are expensive and not readily available. Objective Our objective is to describe a cost-effective, realistic, reproducible, and reusable thoracotomy model for simulation training. Methods We modified a commercially available clothes mannequin torso to expose the chest and abdominal cavity. A plastic skeleton composed of a spinal cord and ribs was placed inside the torso. Tubing was used to simulate the aorta and esophagus; both tubes were secured to the distal spine with zip ties. Commercially available lungs and heart were placed inside the chest cavity. A small rubber ball simulated the left lung to be able to maneuver the lung. The heart was covered with plastic wrap to simulate the pericardium. Thick tape was used to simulate the pleural cavity. Yoga mats were used to simulate the intercostal muscles, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. Results This model was tested with Emergency Medicine (EM) residents during a simulation session. A voluntary survey was available for residents to provide feedback. Survey results confirmed that the model provided valuable education, with overall positive feedback. Conclusion This EDT model provides a valuable teaching opportunity to EM residents who otherwise might not have the opportunity to perform this procedure. Residents agreed that the model improved their confidence and is an effective method in providing the opportunity to practice this low-frequency, high-stakes procedure.
Estimation of odds ratio, attributable risk, relative risk, correlation coefficient and other parameters using randomized response techniques

In this paper, we first define odds ratio, attributable risk, relative risk, correlation coefficient, membership in at least one group, difference between two proportions, a new estimator of single proportion when the proportion of second sensitive variable is known, while considering investigating two sensitive attributes in real practice. Then we define two estimators in each one of these cases based on simple model or crossed model proposed by Lee et al. (Stat Prob Lett 83(1):399-409, 2013). We derive expressions for biases and variances of the resultant estimators. We investigate the performance of estimators based on the crossed model over those based on the simple model under the same choice of parameters, as discussed in Lee et al. (2013). Also the values of the various statistics such as odds ratio, attributable risk, relative risk, correlation coefficient, membership in one variable and the difference between two proportions are estimated based on a real data set.
Drug- and patient-related factors are the strongest predictors of endocrine therapy adherence in breast cancer patients.

PurposeMedication non-adherence to treatment regimens can severely impact the mortality of patients afflicted with breast cancer.The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to...
The Phase Diagram of BPS Black Holes in AdS$_5$

Motivated by recent studies of supersymmetric black holes, we revisit the phase diagram of AdS black holes, whether BPS or not, with particular emphasis on the role of rotation. We develop BPS thermodynamics systematically and, in many explicit examples, we study its striking similarities with more familiar AdS black holes, as well as some differences. We highlight an important fugacity that preserves BPS saturation but is not captured by the supersymmetric index.
Activation of Artificial Ice Nuclei

This paper presents new methods to modify artificial ice nuclei (IN) in order to increase the activity of the latter. Based on theoretical and experimental data we demonstrated that the activity of particles can be essentially changed if hygroscopic compounds are introduced or if the particles are treated with gaseous haloids. Application of complex compounds such as xAgJ-yMeJ increases the effi- ciency of pyrotechnic mixtures by several orders of magnitude. At the same time, the temperature threshold of aerosol activity is about �5°C.
Inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by 5-demethylnobiletin in azoxymethane-treated rats

We previously demonstrated that 5-demethylnobiletin (5DN, a unique citrus flavonoid) had potent anticancer effects in both cell culture and mouse models of colon carcinogenesis. In this study, we d...
Ethanol, a Respiratory By-product: An Indicator of Seed Quality

Ethanol production by seeds was developed as a rapid biochemical test, and found to be a sensitive indicator of seed quality. Seeds of maize, soyabean, cotton, rice and lettuce were aged at 75% relative humidity and 45°C to obtain five aged samples for each species including a nonaged control. Ageing reduced the percentage germination and the coefficient of the rate of germination (CRG). Samples of differentially aged seed lots were subjected to aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Maize and soyabean seeds were imbibed in distilled water while seeds of cotton, rice and lettuce were imbibed with 50 mM glucose in 5 mM potassium phosphate adjusted to a pH of 5.6. Cotton seeds were ground and particles from 3.35 to 4.76 mm were used, while lettuce was scarified. Ethanol was analysed using immobilized enzyme electrode technology and verified by gas chromatography. Anaerobiosis induced greater amounts of ethanol production compared to aerobic treatments. In general, the ethanol production increased with ageing under aerobic conditions while the reverse trend was measured under anaerobic conditions. The anaerobic to aerobic ethanol ratio (ANA ethanol ratio) was calculated and was correlated with the CRG.
Trade and Global Justice

The paper briefly argues, against philosophers of global justice, that in order to reduce world poverty, abolishing barriers to trade and immigration is far preferable than establishing a global welfare agency. It suggests that the arguments for internal redistribution cannot be transposed to the international arena, simply because without unrestricted trade there is no way to know if markets have failed. Finally, the paper suggests that free trade economizes on virtue, as it is based on self-interest and not on (forced) altruism.
Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds: A Multidisciplinary Perspective

Over the last several years there has been a growing interest in developing computational methodologies for modeling and analyzing movements and behaviors of crowds' of people. This interest spans several scientific areas that includes Computer Vision, Computer Graphics, and Pedestrian Evacuation Dynamics. Despite the fact that these different scientific fields are trying to model the same physical entity (i.e. a crowd of people), research ideas have evolved independently. As a result each discipline has developed techniques and perspectives that are characteristically their own. The goal of this book isto provide the readers a comprehensive map towards the common goal of better analyzing and synthesizing the pedestrian movement in dense, heterogeneous crowds. Thebook is organized into different parts that consolidate various aspects of research towards this common goal, namely the modeling, simulation, and visual analysis of crowds. Through this book, readers will see the common ideas and vision as well as the different challenges and techniques, that will stimulate novel approaches to fully grasping crowds."
Enzymatic methylation of arginine residue in myelin basic protein.

Post-translational methylation of protein is a multisite reaction occurring in several amino acid side chains of specific methyl acceptor proteins, utilizing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)* as the methyl donor (1,2). The major sites of the reaction have been identified as the nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms, all nucleophilic in nature. Several review articles on protein methylation have appeared recently (3–5) and in the preceeding chapter of this book (6). This article is focused mainly on the relationship between protein-arginine methylation and the myelin basic protein (MBP).
An Integer Programming Test Problem Generator

In this paper we present a methodology for evaluating new integer programming algorithms -- an area of mathematical programming which is not yet well understood (see [Lin and Rardin, 1979]). We present our procedure not so much as a recommendation for others to follow but as a basis for discussion and further work.
Evaluating User Experience of Experiential GIS

Evaluating user-system interaction is important to develop effective and acceptable systems. Traditionally, geospatial systems are evaluated in terms of usability with emphasis on completing application tasks and goals. This focus ignores the non-functional aspects that separate systems with similar usability and functionality, and complete a user's experience. An alternative and holistic user experience (UX) concept that encompasses functional (e.g. usability, ergonomics, etc.) and non-functional (e.g. aesthetics, emotions, pleasure, cognitive stimulation, etc.) dimensions was adopted to evaluate an innovative Experiential GIS (EGIS). The EGIS is an immersive geospatial system that disengages the user from the real-world and renders the user present in 3D geovirtual scenes with real-time sensorimotor feedback. This system was assessed in a soil mapping application involving four collaborating soil scientists. The scientists had very positive reactions, common viewpoints and occasionally varying perceptions of EGIS and the geovirtual soil mapping technique. They viewed the system as intuitive, enjoyable and capable of improving the speed and quality of soil mapping, and identified the system's strengths as including co-experiential knowledge construction and a ‘go anywhere’ capability that enabled access to physically inaccessible and trespass prohibited areas. The scientists' views were more varied about the role of EGIS in minimizing soil mapping labor and costs.
Missed opportunities for sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, and pregnancy prevention services during adolescent health supervision visits.

Objective. To describe prevention counseling on pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), received by sexually experienced youth in the primary care setting and to test associations between recent sexual risk behaviors and preventive counseling. Methods. Using data from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance survey, a nationally representative survey (N = 15 349) of high school students, we analyzed responses to questions about sexual experience, time since last preventive health care visit, and discussion of STD, HIV, or pregnancy prevention with a doctor or nurse during their last preventive health care visit. Logistic regression was used to test associations; students’ demographic characteristics were controlled. Results. More than half of the US high school students surveyed reported a preventive health care visit in the 12 months preceding the survey: 60.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 57.2%–63.6%) of female students and 57.5% (95% CI: 53.9%–61.1%) of male students. For female students, sexual experience was positively associated with a preventive health care visit (odds ratio [OR]: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.6), but for male students, sexual experience had a negative effect (OR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7–0.9). Of the students who reported a preventive health care visit in the 12 months preceding the survey, 42.8% (95% CI: 38.6%–47.1%) of female students and 26.4% (95% CI: 22.7%–30.2%) of male students reported having discussed STD, HIV, or pregnancy prevention at those visits. Sexual experience was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in a dialogue about sexual health once a student entered the health care system: female students (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 3.0–4.9) and male students (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3–2.7). Conclusion. Primary care providers miss opportunities to provide STD, HIV, and pregnancy prevention counseling to high-risk youth.
STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF MYOGEN FROM CHICKEN BREAST MUSCLE IN CONSTANT AND GRADIENT BUFFER SYSTEMS

By varying conditions of starch gel electrophoresis, factors contributing to the resolution of myogen proteins from chicken breast muscle have been studied. Variables examined included composition ...
Fluorescence from Alexa 488 Fluorophore Immobilized on a Modified Gold Electrode

The fluorescence intensity was measured from Alexa 488 fluorophore immobilized on a modified polycrystalline gold electrode. In the range of potentials −0.5 to +0.2 V vs Ag(Ag/Cl), the fluorescence signal was small and of the order expected from known fluorescence quenching by metal surfaces. Immobilization of Alexa 488 with a larger separation between the fluorophore and the electrode surface resulted in an increased fluorescence signal in the potential range mentioned above. For potentials more negative than −0.5 V and more positive than +0.2 V, the fluorescence signal increased exponentially. The increase was attributed to a potential driven increase in the separation between the fluorophore and the electrode surface brought about by reorientation and dechemisorption of the fluorophore. For potentials more positive than −0.7 V vs Ag(Ag/Cl) the change in fluorescence intensity was quasi-reversible, for potentials more negative than −0.8 V the change was irreversible, and the fluorescence vanished on ret...
Schindler Disease: an Inherited Neuroaxonal Dystrophy due to α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase Deficiency

The clinical, pathological and biochemical features of a neuroaxonal dystrophy resulting from the deficient activity of lysosomal α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase are described. This neurodegenerative disorder was recognized in two brothers who had the typical clinical manifestations and neuropathological lesions observed in patients with Seitelberger disease, the infantile form of neuroaxonal dystrophy. Axonal ‘spheroids’ were observed histologically in the grey matter, and ultrastructural examination revealed the characteristic formations in dystrophic axons in the myenteric plexus and neocortex. Using a newly synthesized fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-N-acetylgalactosaminide, the markedly deficient activity of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase was demonstrated in the affected brothers while their consanguineous parents had intermediate activities, consistent with the autosomal recessive transmission of this disease. No detectable α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase was seen in immunoblots using monospecific rabbit antihuman α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase antibodies. Abnormally increased amounts of urinary glycopeptides were observed by high resolution thin layer chromatography. Analytical studies identified four of the accumulating urinary compounds, the blood group A trisaccharide GalNAcα1→3(Fucα1→2)Gal and three O-linked glycopeptides, GalNAcα1→O-serine and -threonine, NeuNAcα2→3Galβ1→3(NeuNAcα2→6)GalNAcα1→O-serine and -threonine, and NeuNAcα2→3Galβ1→4G1cNAcβ1→6(NeuNAcα2→3Galβ1→3)GalNAcα1→O-serine and -threonine. Of eight unrelated patients diagnosed as having infantile neuraxonal dystrophy by pathological studies, none had deficient α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, emphasizing the biochemical heterogeneity underlying this diagnostic entity. These findings document the first delineation of a metabolic defect in an inherited neuroaxonal dystrophy and suggest that the axonal pathology in this disorder, and perhaps in the other neuroaxonal dystrophies, results from abnormal glycoprotein metabolism involving O-linked glycopeptides.
Fatigue as a Predictor of Postpartum Depression

Background The postpartum is a time when women commonly report increased fatigue that may contribute to depression. Studies have not examined fatigue alone as a predictor of postpartum depression. Objective To examine whether and when fatigue in the early postpartum is predictive of postpartum depression. Design Correlational, longitudinal study. Setting Two hospitals and participants' homes in central Pennsylvania. Participants Convenience sample of 38 healthy women recruited from hospital maternity units within 24 hours after an uncomplicated birth. Main Outcome Measures Fatigue was measured using the Modified Fatigue Symptom Checklist (MFSC) on Days 0, 7, 14, and 28 after childbirth. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depressive Symptomatology Scale (CES-D) on Day 28. Results After adjustments for multiple comparisons, a significant correlation was obtained between fatigue as measured by the MFSC and postpartum depression on Day 7 ( r = .46; p r = .57), and Day 28 ( r = .70). Fatigue on Day 0 was correlated with fatigue on Day 7 ( r = .45), Day 14 ( r = .58), and Day 28 ( r = .34). Conclusions Fatigue as early as 7 days postpartum is predictive of depression at Day 28 postpartum.
Thiophenes as traps for benzyne. 3. Diaryl sulfides and the role of dipolar intermediates.

The reactions of seven thiophenes with benzyne generated from diphenyliodonium-2-carboxylate (DPIC) under a standard set of conditions led among other products to the formation of α- and β-naphthyl phenyl sulfides 2a and 2b from thiophene (1a) and of 2c and 2d from 2-methylthiophene (1b). Dithienyl sulfides 4a−f were produced from the halothiophenes 1c−g. The structures of the naphthyl sulfides were proven by comparison with authentic samples of 2a−f, thus eliminating one of two possible mechanisms of formation. The remaining mechanism involves [4+2]-cycloaddition of benzyne to thiophene or to an S-phenylthiophenium ylide 10 to give the dipolar 2:1 benzyne/thiophene adduct 8 followed by ring-opening. Stevens-like rearrangements of 11, formed from 10 by proton transfer, may also explain the origin of arylated thiophenes such as 12 and 3 found in some reactions of benzynes with thiophene.
Assembly and sequencing of a cDNA covering the entire mouse α1(IX) collagen chain

Abstract Type IX collagen, a member of the FACIT family of collagenous proteins, contains heterotrimeric molecules of distinct α1(IX), α2(IX) and α3(IX) chains. In this paper we describe the assembly and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the entire mouse α1(IX) collagen chain. The nucleotide sequence provides for the first time the complete primary structure of the mouse chain. Knowledge of the complete structure of mouse α1(IX) collagen will be useful for investigations of type IX collagen expression during normal mouse development and for the generation of transgenic mice with specific defects in this collagen.
Congruence of Decisions Between Patients and Their Potential Surrogates About Life‐Sustaining Therapies

Decisions concerning life-sustaining treatments and the congruence in decision-making between patients and potential surrogates were examined. The ability of a patient-chosen surrogate to make decisions reflecting the wishes of that patient was estimated. Thirty patient-surrogate pairs independently responded to vignettes of five treatments. Patients and surrogates made similar decisions on all treatments except cancer chemotherapy, for which surrogates were significantly more likely to choose treatment when patients would have them refuse. The findings can assist patients and clinicians in choosing a surrogate whose decision-making corresponds with patient choices.
Translating the Chronic Care Model Into the Community: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multifaceted Diabetes Care Intervention Response to Belalcazar and Swank

We read Belalcazar and Swank’s response (1) to our article with great interest. They have valid concerns regarding potentially biased estimates of treatment effects in small translational research studies where circumstances and environments are not as easily controlled as they are in efficacy-based research (2). Our study (3) was a pilot, randomized, controlled trial of a multifaceted diabetes care intervention. Eleven primary care practices and their patients ( n = 762), all from the same underserved community, were block randomized to one of three study groups before the …
Acute reversible lens opacity: Fine structure changes

Abstract Acute reversible lens opacities were produced in anesthetized or postmortem hamsters by taping the eyelids open. Light microscopic observations of the cataractous lenses revealed no change. Only the anterior surface lens cells exhibited electron microscopic alterations, which included a swelling of the cellular and nuclear membranes and a corresponding condensation of cytoplasmic contents. Postmortem lens opacity changes were found only in the epithelial cells, and extensive dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum was observed. These changes are consistent with an acute increase in the ion content in the anterior chamber.
Water Dissociation Associated with NO2 Coadsorption on Mo(110)-(1 × 6)-O: Effect of Coverage and Electronic Properties of Oxygen

Water dissociation on an oxygen-covered Mo(110) surface was investigated using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) and infrared reflectance absorbance spectroscopy (IRAS). Adsorbed ...
Nuclear-Radiation-Induced Absorption In Optical Materials

Reactor radiation-induced transient absorption was measured in 7940 fused silica, magnesium fluoride, barium fluoride and sapphire at 257 nm. The fused silica gave the lowest induced transient absorption of all the materials studied. The absorption coefficient per unit dose for fused silica (1.5 cm-1/Mrad) was much more than the value given previously in the literature. The previously measured value was at a temperature of 500°C, suggesting that the induced transient absorption can be greatly reduced by elevating the temperature of the sample. The absorption coefficient per unit dose was also found to be dose rate dependent.
Characteristics of two atrazine-binding sites that specifically inhibit Photosystem II function

In pea thylakoids, [14C]atrazine is found to have two binding sites per active oxygen-evolving complex; one with high-binding affinity and one with low-binding affinity. The high affinity site has a Kd = 80 nM, is present at a concentration of 120 nM (1 site/470 Chl); binds in less than 500 ms; and blocks the electron flow reaction, Qa−Qb→QaQb−. The low affinity site has a Kd = 420 nM; is present at a concentration of 120 nM (1 site/470 Chl); binds with a half-time of 4 to 5 s; and partially inhibits the charge recombination reaction in Photosystem II, Sn+1Qa− → SnQa. In the same thylakoids, the concentration of Photosystem II centers active in oxygen evolution is 100 nM (1/540 Chl) and the concentration of those active in charge separation is 120 nM (1/450 Chl). Therefore, there are approximately two atrazine-binding sites per Photosystem II reaction center; one with high affinity and one with low affinity. High-affinity labelling with [14C]azidoatrazine is associated with a 34.5 kDa protein, which is identified as D1, using polyclonal antisera. Low-affinity labelling with [14C]azidoatrazine is associated with a 30–32 kDa protein, which is identified as D2 with the monoclonal antibody FQC3. Our findings indicate that both high-and low affinity sites are specific for Photosystem II function.
Digital Ecology: a medley of computer-centric digital informatics and environmentalism

Digital Ecosystems (DEs) are conceived in 'the image of' complex biological ecology and expressed in terms of unique 'digital environment' ontology. It is populated by 'digital species' that interactively mediate massive information exchange. It is a neoteric terminology of ecosystems mostly applied to the evolution of digital world commensurate with modern information technology (IT) perspectives. Addressed in this paper are concepts of DE with the associated ontology and applications. An example of DE-specific modelling is indicated in terms of evolution/devolution (growth/decay) dynamics of competitive IT-centric business structures specified in dichotomous prey-predator ecology.
Study of Martensitic Transformation Temperatures of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory NiMnGa Alloys

As a new class of shape memory alloy, Ni2MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) has both large reversible strain and higher response frequency, which has attracted considerable attention and has been widely investigated.The martensitic transformations temperatures of the as-cast Ni2MnGa alloys are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Following conclusions were obtained from experimental results: By using DSC measurement, martensite transformation temperatures (including Ms, Mf, As and Af) were obtained in two alloy series of Ni51.5+xMn23.5Ga25-x and Ni51.5Mn23.5+yGa25-y. Results showed that: martensite transformation temperatures enhanced with the Ni and Mn increasing respectively, and the effect is stronger for Ni than Mn. After 600°C vacuum annealing 6h using powder samples, the martensitic transformation temperature was slight lower than as-cast state.
Glycolysis modulates trypanosome glycoprotein expression as revealed by an RNAi library

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for identifying gene function in Trypanosoma brucei. We generated an RNAi library, the first of its kind in any organism, by ligation of genomic fragments into the vector pZJMbeta. After transfection at approximately 5-fold genome coverage, trypanosomes were induced to express double-stranded RNA and screened for reduced con canavalin A (conA) binding. Since this lectin binds the surface glycoprotein EP-procyclin, we predicted that cells would lose affinity to conA if RNAi silenced genes affecting EP-procyclin expression or modification. We found a cell line in which RNAi switches expression from glycosylated EP-procyclins to the unglycosylated GPEET-procyclin. This switch results from silencing a hexokinase gene. The relationship between procyclin expression and glycolysis was supported by silencing other genes in the glycolytic pathway, and confirmed by observation of a similar upregulation of GPEET- procyclin when parental cells were grown in medium depleted of glucose. These data suggest that T.brucei 'senses' changes in glucose level and modulates procyclin expression accordingly.
Prevalence and distribution of Botryosphaeriaceae species in New Zealand grapevine nurseries

To determine presence of infection by botryosphaeriaceous fungi in plant materials from different grapevine nurseries, different types of grafted plants and cuttings were requested from nine grapevine nurseries around New Zealand. Of the 311 propagation materials and plants collected, 23 % were infected by botryosphaeriaceous fungi. The highest incidence was in failed grafted plants (33 %), followed by Grade 1 plants (28 %), rootstock cuttings (19 %), scion cuttings (17 %) and Grade 2 plants (7 %). For grafted plants, most isolates (80 %) were from near the graft unions while infections on rootstocks and scion cuttings were mostly from the middle (39 %) and basal parts (46 %). Identification of isolates by morphological and molecular methods showed that seven species were present in nurseries, being Neofusicoccum luteum (57 %), N. parvum (18 %), N. australe (8 %), Diplodia mutila (8 %), Botryosphaeria dothidea (5 %) and D. seriata (3 %), with one novel isolate of N. macroclavatum. These results show that Botryosphaeriaceae species were present in propagation materials and in the grafted plants supplied by nurseries, indicating that some of the current vineyard infections may have originated in the propagation nurseries.
Hereditary intermediate phenotypes in African American hypertension

Abstract Objective. Essential hypertension is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder and is at least twice as frequent among African Americans as in the general population. Inheritance of high blood pressure is complex, with the gene(s) responsible for hypertension still remaining elusive. A useful strategy for investigating the heritability of hypertension is to evaluate ‘intermediate phenotypes ‘—simple Mendelian or monogenic traits that are associated with hypertension. These intermediate steps may identify potential pathophysiological factors that antedate the development of high blood pressure and suggest candidate genes. We are attempting to identify and characterize several such intermediate phenotypes, in particular as these might apply to hypertension in African Americans. Methods. We studied several physiological and biochemical candidate intermediate phenotypes in untreated black and white patients with essential hypertension and in their normotensive counterparts stratified by genetic ris...
Comparison of Methods of In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility for Ten Feeds

The objectives were to determine if the in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility was similar by using a traditional method compared to the new DAISYII system and to determine if in vitro DM digestibility was similar for sources of inoculum from two different donor cow diets, all forage or total mixed ration. Ten feeds were digested by the traditional method, the DAISYII method with same feeds in a digestion vessel, and the DAISYII method with different feeds in a digestion vessel. The study used a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with two sources of inoculum and three methods. The study was replicated. Source of inoculum affected in vitro DM digestibility; the grass hay donor cow diet resulted in lower digestibility values in six of the 10 feeds tested. Method did not significantly affect the digestibility values, and there were no significant source by method interactions. The DAISYII method can be used to increase labor efficiency in the in vitro DM digestibility analysis, and forages and grains can be analyzed together in a single digestion vessel.