cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poder: dimensões relacional, discursiva e performática

Este artigo se debruca sobre o par analitico poder-causalidade com o objetivo de tecer um comentario sobre as dimensoes relacional, discursiva e performatica de poder. Cada uma dessas dimensoes de poder esta enraizada em um diferente entendimento de causalidade social: realista-relacional, disucursiva-hermeneutica, e performatica-pragmatica. Para os fins de uma analise empirica, sera proposto um cruzamento entre esse modelo dimensional e a classica tipologia das fontes de poder desenvolvida por Michael Mann e outros, para que dessa forma a pesquisa sociologica sobre poder se arme com um aparato conceitual mais solido e ganhe mais complexidade e efetividade em suas explicacoes. O exemplo que melhor ilustra o modelo que aqui sera debatido e uma imagem retirada da sociologia historico-comparativa: a Queda da Bastilha e suas causas e consequencias. Uma serie de questoes de pesquisa sera levantada no texto com o objetivo de investigar a autonomia relativa do poder performativo. Por ultimo, sera esbocada uma aproximacao entre o modelo aqui analisado e as teorias sociologicas de poder, incluindo os argumentos de Steven Lukes, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, entre outros.
Nitrogen rate‐time effect on bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) yield and quality

Abstract Abundant quality forage is required for economic livestock production on the highly erodable soils of northwest Missouri. This work was undertaken to evaluate a nitrogen management system effect upon yield distribution and quality of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermus Leyss) forage on a Sharpsburg silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) soil. The 1979–80 experiment included N treatments; zero, 67 kg N ha‐1 (March), 67 kg N ha‐1 (June), 134 kg N ha‐1 (March), 134 kg N ha‐1 (June), 134 kg N ha‐1 (67 March plus 67 June) and 268 kg N ha‐1 (134 March plus 134 June). Measurements include yield from 3‐cuttings, crude protein and IVDMD. Forage yields were directly related to N rate, response to time of application was directly related to precipitation distribution. Above normal precipitation in 1979 (June‐August) resulted in higher forage yields from June N fertilization, while during below normal precipitation in 1980 there was little response to June N fertilization. With both below or...
The effect of high intensity and short duration versus low intensity and long duration of intermittent pre-exposure upon human dark adaptation.

The influence of intermittent pre-exposure upon subsequent dark adaptation was investigated for two intermittent conditions. In one condition the intensity was increased in the same proportion as the amount of light-time in the light-dark ratio was decreased, keeping duration constant. In the other, intensity was constant but the duration was extended to compensate for variations in light-time. Both conditions were compared with equivalent control pre-exposures to continuous light. The control intensities and durations were 140, 281, and 562 mL and 1 and 3 minutes. The rate of intermittence was 1 cycle/second, and four light-to-dark ratios were used. The curves of dark adaptation obtained after intermittent pre-exposures of constant duration but different intensities were almost identical with those after the equivalent control pre-exposure. This was not so for the intermittent pre-exposures of constant intensity but different durations; after the longer durations, dark adaptation was much slower than after the equivalent control condition.
Root diseases of deciduous fruit trees

The subject of root diseases of deciduous fruit trees was reviewed by J. S. Cooley in the Botanical Review in 1946 (23). The article which follows is presented as a decennial supplement to Dr. Cooley's review. This article is intended primarily as a review of work in, or closely related to, this field and which has been published during the past decade. Attention here is centered largely upon those fields which have been the focus of investigative attention during this time, rather than upon a broad coverage of both active and inactive aspects of the field. The past decade has not been a period marked by the reporting of new root diseases of major importance. This phase of the treefruit root disease problem was extensively explored and reported upon much earlier. More recent investigations have been in the fields of remedial and preventive measures, manner of infection and spread, the role of environmental factors in disease development, and many other related problems. Attention has also been given to the nematode and virus diseases in this review. The former are logically included, since they are wholly root diseases. The latter are systemic, but rootstocks play an important part in dissemination of some virus diseases. Attention is centered primarily on the root disease problems of the pome and stone fruits as they occur in the United States and Canada. This is not to imply that the root disease problems elsewhere have been treated as essentially different, for they are not necessarily so. The treatment of foreign investigations and of foreign literature is not presented as being comprehensive. References to foreign work regarded as of interest or possible application have been included.
Analysis of Finnish Dairy Marketing Programs and Policies–Implications to the United States and Finland

Abstract The dairy industry is one of the most important agricultural industries in the U.S., accounting for approximately one-fifth of total agricultural income. However, it has had serious surplus and income problems. Surplus production, price instability, and inequitable income have been the rule, rather than the exception in dairying during much of the past half century. In recent years United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) price support purchases have been averaging about 5% of production, and 7% of dairy farm gross income (6). Various production, pricing, regulatory and administrative programs and policies have been attempted, or discussed, as a way of eliminating or at least reducing the dairy problem in the U.S. Past, present, and alternative U.S. dairy programs have been thoroughly analyzed for their potential for solving the U.S. dairy problem. However, implications to the U.S., of results of dairy programs in other countries with problems similar to ours, have had little analysis,
Proteasome and HDAC: Who's zooming who?

Proteasome and HDAC inhibitors interact strongly to promote cell death in multiple myeloma and other human cancer cells. This study challenges current assumptions about the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
Endotoxin challenge reduces aconitase activity in myocardial tissue.

Sepsis impairs mitochondrial respiration but the mechanisms responsible are incompletely understood. We propose that Krebs cycle enzymes are inhibited in sepsis, contributing to reduced rates of oxidative phosphorylation. Hypothesis. The activities of Krebs cycle enzymes are decreased in endotoxemia and contribute to reduced rates of oxidative phosphorylation. Methods. Adult male rats received an intraperitoneal injection of either endotoxin or saline. Cardiac mitochondria were subsequently isolated and measures of mitochondrial respiration and enzyme activities performed. Main results. By 24 h post endotoxin administration, there was a 28% reduction in mitochondrial respiration (P = 0.0005) and a 24% reduction in aconitase activity (P = 0.001). Functional activity of the electron transport chain was unaffected. Conclusion. Our data demonstrate that in the heart, the administration of endotoxin significantly and selectively decreased aconitase activity in association with reduced rates of oxidative phosphorylation. We conclude that decreased activity of aconitase contributes to the endotoxin-stimulated reduction in mitochondrial respiration.
Fluctuations in Brain Glucose Concentration during Behavioral Testing: Dissociations between Brain Areas and between Brain and Blood

Traditional beliefs about two aspects of glucose regulation in the brain have been challenged by recent findings. First, the absolute level of glucose in the brain's extracellular fluid appears to be lower than previously thought. Second, the level of glucose in brain extracellular fluid is less stable than previously believed. In vivo brain microdialysis was used, according to the method of zero net flux, to determine the basal concentration of glucose in the extracellular fluid of the striatum in awake, freely moving rats for comparison with recent hippocampal measurements. In addition, extracellular glucose levels in both the hippocampus and the striatum were measured before, during, and after behavioral testing in a hippocampus-dependent spontaneous alternation task. In the striatum, the resting extracellular glucose level was 0.71 mM, approximately 70% of the concentration measured previously in the hippocampus. Consistent with past findings, the hippocampal extracellular glucose level decreased by up to 30 ± 4% during testing; no decrease, and in fact a small increase (9 ± 3%), was seen in the striatum. Blood glucose measurements obtained during the same testing procedure and following administration of systemic glucose at a dose known to enhance memory in this task revealed a dissociation in glucose level fluctuations between the blood and both striatal and hippocampal extracellular fluid. These findings suggest, first, that glucose is compartmentalized within the brain and, second, that one mechanism by which administration of glucose enhances memory performance is via provision of increased glucose supply from the blood specifically to those brain areas involved in mediating that performance.
Learning set in squirrel monkeys as affected by pretraining with differentially rewarded single objects.

The possibility of developing discrimination learning set (LS) by some method other than discrimination training was investigated. In Phase I, 3 groups were given LS pretraining with single objects. Two groups were presented 500 objects, each for 6 trials; one group was rewarded at a 50% random rate, the other at a 100% rate. A third group encountered one object throughout Phase I with all trials rewarded. Their Phase II LS performances were compared with an LS control condition. No pretraining group exhibited LS at the beginning of Phase II. The pretraining group having a 50% random reward rate was significantly suppressed in developing LS. Thus, (a) LS in squirrel monkeys is dependent upon the processes of discrimination learning; (b) the rate at which LS is formed may involve expectancies concerning probable reward rate.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a DAG-containing epitope conserved in aphid transmissible potyviruses: evidence that the DAG motif is in a defined conformation

Abstract Two viral proteins, the helper component-protease and the coat protein, are required for the non-persistent aphid transmission of potyviruses. In the potyvirus coat protein, the tripeptide aspartate–alanine–glycine (DAG) has often been shown to be involved. A monoclonal antibody, raised against a synthetic decapeptide containing the DAG tripeptide, reacted with the peptide as well as with isolates of soybean mosaic, tobacco etch and tobacco vein mottling potyviruses. Experiments indicate that the monoclonal antibody recognizes a conformational rather than a sequential epitope. The data support the suggestion that the DAG region plays a structural role to determine a coat protein-helper component-protease conformation that influences aphid transmission.
D-amphetamine challenge effects on Wisconsin Card Sort Test. Performance in schizotypal personality disorder

The authors assessed the effects on Wisconsin Card Sort (WCST) performance and psychiatric symptoms of 30 mg d-amphetamine, a dopamine and norepinephrine agonist, vs placebo in nine patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Patients, particularly those who made more perseverative errors, demonstrated amphetamine-associated improvement on WCST performance. The data in this preliminary study suggest that some of the cognitive dysfunction present in SPD may improve with amphetamine challenge.
Aberrant DNA methylation of cyclin D2 and p27 genes in rodent pituitary tumor cell lines correlates with specific gene expression.

We previously reported that increased DNA methylation was an important mechanism of silencing the p27 gene in some pituitary tumor cell lines [1]. DNA methylation correlated inversely with p27 gene expression. The p27 and cyclin D2 genes are located in the same region of mouse chromosome 6, rat chromosome 4, and human chromosome 12p13. Because both genes are located in the same gene cluster, we investigated whether methylation was a principal mechanism regulating cyclin D2 as well as p27 expression in rodent pituitary cell lines. Bisulfite genomic sequencing showed that the normally unmethylated cytosines of the p27 gene in normal pituitary (NP) were extensively methylated in GH3 and GHRH-CL1 cells, but not in AtT 20, αT3-1 and LβT2 cells; but cyclin D2 was extensively inactivated in various pituitary tumor cell lines by increased DNA methylation. These abnormalities of methylation in p27 and cyclin D2 genes occurred with different frequencies in five pituitary tumor cell lines with 100% (5/5) methylation of the cyclin D2 gene and 40% (2/5) methylation of the p27 gene. Treatment with the methyl transferase inhibitor 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZAdC) increased expression of cyclin D2 and p27 in GH3 and GHRH-CL1 pituitary tumor cells. There was a correlation between hypermethylation and gene expression. GH3 tumors implanted into Wistar-Furth rats in vivo did not change the methylation status of the p27 and cyclin D2 genes. These data indicate a coordinately reduced expression of these two linked genes in most rodent pituitary tumor cell lines and suggest that methylation of cyclin D2 and p27 might occur in a “hot spot” in this gene-rich cluster.
Deer Responses to Sounds From a Vehicle-Mounted Sound-Production System

Abstract We evaluated efficacy of sound as a deterrent for reducing deer (Odocoileus spp.)–vehicle collisions by observing behavioral responses of free-ranging white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) to pure-tone sounds within their documented range of hearing. Behavior of free-ranging deer within 10 m of roadways was not altered in response to a moving automobile fitted with a sound-producing device and speakers that produced 5 sound treatments documented to be within the hearing range of white-tailed deer. Many commercially available, vehicle-mounted auditory deterrents (i.e., deer whistles) are purported to emit continuous pure-tone sounds similar to those we tested. However, our data suggest that deer whistles are likely not effective in altering deer behavior in a manner that would prevent deer–vehicle collisions.
A model of workloads and its use in miss-rate prediction for fully associative caches

A mathematical model for the behavior of programs or workloads is presented and from it is extracted the miss ratio of a finite, fully associative cache (or other first-level memory) using least-recently-used replacement under those workloads. To obtain miss ratios, the function u(t, L), defined to be the number of unique lines of size L referenced before time t, is modeled. Empirical observations show that this function appears to have the form u(t, L)=(W L/sup a/t/sup b/) (d/sup log/ /sup L log t/) where W, a, b, d are constants that are related, respectively, to the working set size, locality of references to nearby addresses (spatial locality), temporal locality (locality in time not attributable to spatial locality), and interactions between spatial locality and temporal locality. The miss ratio of a finite fully associative cache can be approximated as the time derivative of u(t, L) evaluated where the function has a value equal to the size of the cache. When the miss ratios from this model are compared to measured miss ratios for a representative trace, the accuracy is high for large caches. For smaller caches, the model is close but not highly precise. >
From Indians to Chicanos: The Dynamics of Mexican‐American Culture

From Indians to Chicanos: The Dynamics of Mexican- American Culture. Second Edition. James Diego Vigil. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1998. 324 pp.
Influence of Twenty-First-Century Atmospheric and Sea Surface Temperature Forcing on West African Climate

AbstractThe persistence of extended drought events throughout West Africa during the twentieth century has motivated a substantial effort to understand the mechanisms driving African climate variability as well as the possible response to elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. An ensemble of global climate model experiments is used to examine the relative roles of future direct atmospheric radiative forcing and SST forcing in shaping potential future changes in boreal summer precipitation over West Africa. The authors find that projected increases in precipitation throughout the western Sahel result primarily from direct atmospheric radiative forcing. The changes in atmospheric forcing generate a slight northward displacement and weakening of the African easterly jet (AEJ), a strengthening of westward monsoon flow onto West Africa, and an intensification of the tropical easterly jet (TEJ). Alternatively, the projected decreases in precipitation over much of the Guinea Coast region are caused by SST change...
Gene expression profiling of the plant pathogenic basidiomycetous fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 reveals putative virulence factors

Rhizoctonia solani is a ubiquitous basidio- mycetous soilborne fungal pathogen causing damp- ing-off of seedlings, aerial blights and postharvest diseases. To gain insight into the molecular mecha- nisms of pathogenesis a global approach based on analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was undertaken. To get broad gene-expression coverage, two normalized EST libraries were developed from mycelia grown under high nitrogen-induced virulent and low nitrogen/methylglucose-induced hypoviru- lent conditions. A pilot-scale assessment of gene diversity was made from the sequence analyses of the two libraries. A total of 2280 cDNA clones was sequenced that corresponded to 220 unique se- quence sets or clusters (contigs) and 805 singlets, making up a total of 1025 unique genes identified from the two virulence-differentiated cDNA libraries. From the total sequences, 295 genes (38.7%) exhib- ited strong similarities with genes in public databases and were categorized into 11 functional groups. Approximately 61.3% of the R. solani ESTs have no apparent homologs in publicly available fungal genome databases and are considered unique genes. We have identified several cDNAs with potential roles in fungal pathogenicity, virulence, signal transduc- tion, vegetative incompatibility and mating, drug resistance, lignin degradation, bioremediation and morphological differentiation. A codon-usage table has been formulated based on 14 694 R. solani EST codons. Further analysis of ESTs might provide insights into virulence mechanisms of R. solani AG 4 as well as roles of these genes in development, saprophytic colonization and ecological adaptation of this important fungal plant pathogen.
PREHISTORIC POPULATION DYNAMICS IN THE NORTHERN SAN JUAN REGION, A.D. 950-1300

ABSTRACTIf there is one distinctive event typically associated with the Northern San Juan region it is the “sudden abandonment” of this area in the late thirteenth century. Yet, examination of the process of migration reveals that it is seldom sudden and is often best understood as a historical process with a distinct demographic structure. Analyses of several regional data sets are used to estimate population ranges for the Northern San Juan region for the period between A.D. 950 and 1300. These data, in turn, provide the basis for a discussion and evaluation of the process of population growth and eventual emigration from the region.
Analysis of woven fabric strengths: Prediction of fabric strength under uniaxial and biaxial extensions

This study of woven fabric strength begins by focusing on the effects of the crossing points, where warp and weft yarns interlace with each other to form a fabric, towards the ultimate fabric tensile strength. When a fabric is under uniaxial or biaxial tension, the yarn-yarn interactions at the crossing points are found to consist of two components, a pressure-independent adhesive component and a pressure-dependent frictional one, of which the latter is proved to be dominant. On the basis of the analysis, the yarn critical length in the fragmentation process during fabric extension is defined and calculated. Moreover, by treating the fabric as an assemblage of yarn bundles, the distribution density function of the strengths between individual yarns in the same bundle is provided based on the single yarn strength distribution, and the fracture process of the bundle can be better described using this function. Then, by incorporating the critical yarn length into the distribution density function of the yarn strength, the in situ behavior of the yarn bundle in a fabric is predicted. Following the chain of sub-bundle model, the mean fabric strength and the fabric stress/strain curve are predicted more realistically for both uniaxial and biaxial tension cases. The predictions of the present theory compare favorably with the measured fabric strengths both previously reported and tested in the present work. A detailed parametric study is also carried out.
A probabilistic algorithm for estimating the intention of computer users with movement disorders

Standard computer interfaces are inefficient for many users who have movement disorders. We believe this stems from the standard view that interface devices accurately represent the intention of the user. For those who have movement disorders, such as dystonia, it may be more effective to view the computer interface as an instrument used to estimate the user's intent. We develop a probabilistic algorithm to design an estimation device for computer input. We also implement the algorithm as part of text-entry software and perform a preliminary case study on a patient with dystonia, using a joystick as a text input device.
Cell division transforms mutagenic lesions into deletion-recombinagenic lesions in yeast cells.

Cell proliferation has been recognized as an important factor in human and experimental carcinogenesis. Point mutations as well as larger chromosomal rearrangements are involved in the initiation of cancer. In this paper we compared the relative potencies of radiation and chemical carcinogens for inducing point mutations vs. deletions in cell cycle arrested with dividing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Point mutation substrates and deletion (DEL) recombination substrates were constructed with the genes CDC28 and TUB2 that are required for cell cycle progression through G1 and G2, respectively. The carcinogens ionizing radiation, UV, MMS, EMS and 4-NQO induced point mutations in G1 and in G2 arrested as well as in dividing cells. UV, MMS, EMS and 4-NQO caused very weak if any increases in DEL recombination in G1 or G2 arrested cells, but large increases in dividing cells. When cells treated with carcinogen either in G1 or G2 were allowed to progress through the cell cycle, a time-dependent increase in DEL recombination was seen. Ionizing radiation and the site-specific endonuclease I-SceI, which both directly create double-strand breaks, induced DEL recombination in G1 as well as in G2 arrested cells. In conclusion, UV-, MMS-, EMS- and 4-NQO-induced DNA damage was converted during DNA replication to a lesion capable of inducing DEL recombination which is probably a DNA strand break. Thus, cell proliferation is not necessary to turn DNA alkylation or UV damage into a mutagenic lesion but to convert the damage into a lesion that induces DNA deletions. These results are discussed with respect to mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Joinpoint inference from behavioral specification to implementation

Aspect-Oriented Programming languages allow pointcut descriptors to quantify over the implementation points of a system. Such pointcuts are problematic with respect to independent development because they introduce strong mutual coupling between base modules and aspects. This paper introduces a new joinpoint selection mechanism based on state machine specifications. Module interfaces include behavioral specifications defined as protocol state machines. These specifications are not defined with respect to potential aspects, but are used to model and simulate the architecture of a system and act as behavioral contracts between the modules of the system. We show how a smart joinpoint selection mechanism is able to infer points that might be located deep inside the implementation of a module, given pointcuts that are expressed entirely in terms of behavioral specification elements. We present a tool, the Motorola WEAVR, which implements this technique in a Model-Driven Engineering environment.
A reputation-based trust model for peer-to-peer e-commerce communities

Peer-to-peer e-commerce (electronic commerce) communities are commonly perceived as an environment offering both opportunities and threats. One way to minimize threats in such an open community is to use community-based reputations to help evaluating the trustworthiness and predicting the future behavior of peers. We present PeerTrust - a coherent adaptive trust model for quantifying and comparing the trustworthiness of peers based on a transaction-based feedback system. There are two main features of our model. First, we introduce three basic trust parameters in computing trustworthiness of peers. In addition to feedback a peer receives through its transactions with other peers, we incorporate the total number of transactions a peer performs, and the credibility of the feedback sources into the model for evaluating the trustworthiness of peers. We argue that the trust models based solely on feedback from other peers in the community are inaccurate and ineffective. Second, we introduce two adaptive trust factors, the transaction context factor and the community context factor, to allow the basic trust metric to incorporate different contexts (situations) and to address common problems encountered in a variety of online e-commerce communities. We present a concrete method to validate the proposed trust model and report the set of simulation-based experiments, showing the feasibility and benefit of the PeerTrust model.
The importance of R on T phenomenon

Abstract The onset of ventricular tachycardia was examined in 44 patients with various types of heart disease. In only six patients (14 per cent) the ventricular tachycardia was initiated by an ectopic ventricular complex interrupting the T wave. The findings suggest that the importance of R on T phenomenon may have been over-emphasized.
A two-dimensional peridynamic model for thin plates

A general plate model based on the peridynamic theory of solid mechanics is presented. The model is derived as a two-dimensional approximation of the three-dimensional bond-based theory of peridynamics via an asymptotic analysis. The resulting plate theory is demonstrated using a specially designed peridynamics code to simulate the fracture of a brittle plate with a central crack under tensile loading.
OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of focal cancer pain after surgery and/or radiation

Objective. To report the relief from refractory focal post-radiation and/or postsurgical cancer pain after local treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA. Setting and Design. We studied the effect of onabotulinumtoxinA in seven cancer patients who suffered from severe focal pain (visual analog scale >5) at the site of local surgery or radiotherapy or both. OnabotulinumtoxinA (20–100 units) was injected into the focal pain areas (skin or muscle or both). Five of seven patients were followed beyond 1 year (1.5–5 years) with repeat treatment. Results. All seven patients reported a significant improvement in pain (mean drop in visual analog scale score of 5.1). They described their response on the patient global assessment as satisfactory (two patients) or very satisfactory (five patients). Six of seven patients found the pain relief associated with significant improvement in quality of life. One patient developed weakness of jaw muscles after bilateral masseter injection that was not observed during second injection (reduced dose). Improvements with treatment persisted with repeat injections during long-term follow-up (five patients). Conclusion. Local treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA can significantly reduce pain and improve quality of life in cancer patients suffering from pain in the area of surgery and radiation and was well tolerated in cancer patients.
A generalized model for multi-marker analysis of cell cycle progression in synchrony experiments

Motivation: To advance understanding of eukaryotic cell division, it is important to observe the process precisely. To this end, researchers monitor changes in dividing cells as they traverse the cell cycle, with the presence or absence of morphological or genetic markers indicating a cell’s position in a particular interval of the cell cycle. A wide variety of marker data is available, including information-rich cellular imaging data. However, few formal statistical methods have been developed to use these valuable data sources in estimating how a population of cells progresses through the cell cycle. Furthermore, existing methods are designed to handle only a single binary marker of cell cycle progression at a time. Consequently, they cannot facilitate comparison of experiments involving different sets of markers. Results: Here, we develop a new sampling model to accommodate an arbitrary number of different binary markers that characterize the progression of a population of dividing cells along a branching process. We engineer a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with fluorescently labeled markers of cell cycle progression, and apply our new model to two image datasets we collected from the strain, as well as an independent dataset of different markers. We use our model to estimate the duration of post-cytokinetic attachment between a S.cerevisiae mother and daughter cell. The Java implementation is fast and extensible, and includes a graphical user interface. Our model provides a powerful and flexible cell cycle analysis tool, suitable to any type or combination of binary markers. Availability: The software is available from: http://www.cs.duke.edu/ ∼amink/software/cloccs/.
Tissue Biotype and Its Relation to the Underlying Bone Morphology

Background: Tissue biotypes have been linked to the outcomes of periodontal and implant therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine the dimensions of the gingiva and underlying alveolar bone in the maxillary anterior region and to establish their association. Methods: Tissue biotypes of 22 fresh cadaver heads were assessed clinically and radiographically with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Maxillary anterior teeth were atraumatically extracted. The thickness of both soft tissue and bone were measured using a caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm by two calibrated examiners. Probing depths and gingival recession were measured at two points (mid-labial and mid-palatal). Clinical and CBCT measurements of both soft tissue and bone thickness were subsequently compared and correlated. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the clinical and CBCT measurements of both soft tissue and bone thickness except the palatal soft tissue measurements. The labial gingival thickness was moderately associated with the underlying bone thickness measured with CBCT (R = 0.429; P <0.05). Gingival recession was not associated with the thickness of both labial gingiva and bone. Conclusions: CBCT measurements were an accurate representation of the clinical thickness of both labial gingiva and bone. In addition, the thickness of the labial gingiva had a moderate association with the underlying bone radiographically. J Periodontol 2010;81:569-574.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome are distinct pathologic entities. A review of 56 autopsy cases.

Abstract Context.—Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) share many clinical features and have been difficult to separate into distinct entities. Histologic examination of organs from autopsied patients suggested that TTP and HUS have dissimilar lesions of different severity and distribution. Objective.—To perform a retrospective observational review of autopsied patients with TTP or HUS to compare the nature and severity of the lesions found. Design.—To examine the pathologic features of these conditions, we reviewed all cases among 51 350 indexed autopsies at The Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Md) diagnosed with TTP or HUS, and included those showing multiple arteriolar thrombi or their sequela. Results.—The 56 cases that met the inclusion criteria fell into 2 distinct groups, based on distribution and severity of arteriolar lesions. In 25 patients classified as having TTP, platelet-rich thrombi were present—in decreasing severity—in heart, pancreas, kidney...
Meiotic maturation in Xenopus requires polyadenylation of multiple mRNAs

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation of specific mRNAs commonly is correlated with their translational activation during development. Here, we focus on links between cytoplasmic polyadenylation, translational activation and the control of meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes. We manipulate endogenous c-mos mRNA, which encodes a protein kinase that regulates meiotic maturation. We determined that translational activation of endogenous c-mos mRNA requires a long poly(A) tail per se, rather than the process of polyadenylation. For this, we injected 'prosthetic' poly(A)_synthetic poly(A) tails designed to attach by base pairing to endogenous c-mos mRNA that has had its own polyadenylation signals removed. This prosthetic poly(A) tail activates c-mos translation and restores meiotic maturation in response to progesterone. Thus the role of polyadenylation in activating c-mos mRNA differs from its role in activating certain other mRNAs, for which the act of polyadenylation is required. In the absence of progesterone, prosthetic poly(A) does not stimulate c-mos expression, implying that progesterone acts at additional steps to elevate c-Mos protein. By using a general inhibitor of polyadenylation together with prosthetic poly(A), we demonstrate that these additional steps include polyadenylation of at least one other mRNA, in addition to that of c-mos mRNA. These other mRNAs, encoding regulators of meiotic maturation, act upstream of c-Mos in the meiotic maturation pathway.
Atomic-oxygen undercutting of Long Duration Exposure Facility atomized-Kapton multilayer insulation

Atomic-oxygen undercutting is a potential threat to vulnerable spacecraft materials which have atomicoxygen protective coatings. Such undercutting is due to the atomic-oxygen attack of oxidizable materials at microscopic defects in the protective coatings. These defects occur during fabrication and handling, or from micrometeoroid and debris bombardment in space. An aluminized-po lyimide Kapton multilayer insulation sample that was located on the leading edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility has been used to study low Earth orbit atomic-oxygen undercutting. Cracks in the aluminized coating located around vent holes provided excellent defect sites for the evaluation of atomic-oxygen undercutting. The experimentally observed undercut profiles were compared to predictions from Monte Carlo models for normal incident space ram atomic-oxygen attack. The shape of the undercut profile was found to vary with crack width, which is proportional to the number of oxygen atoms entering the crack. The resulting profiles of atomic-oxygen undercutting which occurred on the aluminized-Kapton sample indicated wide undercut cavities in spite of the fixed ram orientation. Potential causes of the observed undercutting are presented. Implications of the undercutting profiles relevant to Space Station Freedom are also discussed.
Concentration Gradient and Inform ation Energy for Decentralized UAV Control 1

Control techniques for managing a large Sensor Flock are described, consisting of decentralized potential gradient and sensed data gradient guidance laws. Guidance potentials are defined to improve sensed data qu ality in both a scalar signal to -noise ratio sense, and in a vector gradient estimation sense. Examples are provided showing that a 147 vehicle flock autonomously produces desired behavior under suitable choices of design parameters. A portion of the flo ck clusters in regions of high data signal -to -noise ratio, while other vehicles spread out to cover un -sensed areas within a specified coverage volume. Clustered vehicles use measured data gradients to seek the margins and the source of a simulated toxic p lume emission.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF SOSIPPUS PLACIDUS, WITH NOTES ON THE SUBFAMILY SOSIPPINAE (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE)

The male of the Florida funnel-web building wolf spider species Sosippus placidus Brady 1972 is described and figured for the first time. Analysis of the male palp's morphological structure reveals that Sosippus possesses a median apophysis like other members of the Araneoclada, but which of the three additional tegular apophyses is the conductor cannot be determined at present. The study demonstrates that the palea, the putative key apomorphy of the clade Venoniinae-Allocosinae-Pardosinae-Lycosinae requires further morphological analysis. The genus Porrimosa is a close relative of the genus Sosippus based on shared characters in the male palp. The ontogeny of the female copulatory organs of Sosippus agrees with that of other members in the RTA clade. Hippasella nitida Mello-Leitao 1944, placed by Capocasale (1990) in the genus Sosippus, is not recognized as a congener.
Uncommon Convergences: A Hemispheric and Comparative Approach to The Great Gatsby and Pedro Páramo

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1 CHAPTER TWO Uncommon Convergences: Reification in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Juan Rulfo’s Pedro Paramo 5 CHAPTER THREE Behind Every Powerful Man: The Status of the Wife in The Great Gatsby and Pedro Paramo 25 CHAPTER FOUR Deconstructing “Madness” in Pedro Paramo and The Great Gatsby 49 CHAPTER FIVE Conclusion 65 NOTES 68 WORKS CITED 78 CURRICULUM VITAE 81 !
Overcoming the barriers to umbilical cord blood transplantation.

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation (UCBT) has seen a marked increase in utilization in recent years, especially in the pediatric population; however, graft failure, delayed engraftment and profound delay in immune reconstitution leads to significant morbidity and mortality in adults. The lack of cells available for post-transplant therapies, such as donor lymphocyte infusions, has also been considered a disadvantage. To overcome the cell–dose barrier, the combination of two UCB units is becoming commonplace in adolescent and adult populations, and is currently being studied in pediatrics as well. In some studies, the use of two UCB units appears to have a positive impact on outcomes; however, engraftment is still suboptimal. A possible additional way to improve outcome and extend applicability of UCBT is via ex vivo expansion. Studies to develop optimal expansion conditions are still in the exploratory phase; however, recent studies suggest expanded UCB is safe and can improve outcomes. The ability to transplant across HLA disparities, rapid procurement time and decreased graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) seen with UCBT makes it a promising stem cell source and, while barriers exist, consistent progress is being made to overcome them.
Accelerating the HMMER sequence analysis suite using conventional processors

Due to the ever-increasing size of sequence databases it has become clear that faster techniques must be employed to effectively perform biological sequence analysis in a reasonable amount of time. Exploiting the inherent parallelism between sequences is a common strategy. In this paper we enhance both the fine-grained and course-grained parallelism within the HMMER sequence analysis suite. Our strategies are complementary to one another and, where necessary, can be used as drop-in replacements to the strategies already provided within HMMER. We use conventional processors (Intel Pentium IV Xeon) as well as the freely available MPICH parallel programming environment. Our results show that the MPICH implementation greatly outperforms the PVM HMMER implementation, and our SSE2 implementation also lends greater computational power at no cost to the user.
Transcription-Associated Mutagenesis

Transcription requires unwinding complementary DNA strands, generating torsional stress, and sensitizing the exposed single strands to chemical reactions and endogenous damaging agents. In addition, transcription can occur concomitantly with the other major DNA metabolic processes (replication, repair, and recombination), creating opportunities for either cooperation or conflict. Genetic modifications associated with transcription are a global issue in the small genomes of microorganisms in which noncoding sequences are rare. Transcription likewise becomes significant when one considers that most of the human genome is transcriptionally active. In this review, we focus specifically on the mutagenic consequences of transcription. Mechanisms of transcription-associated mutagenesis in microorganisms are discussed, as is the role of transcription in somatic instability of the vertebrate immune system.
Lifetime comorbidity of antisocial personality disorder and anxiety disorders among adults in the community

The association between lifetime anxiety disorders, conduct disorder (CD), and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) among adults in the community was explored. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (n = 5,877), a representative community sample of adults aged 15-54 in the 48 contiguous US states. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between anxiety disorders, CD and ASPD, and between the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and ASPD in the likelihood of comorbid substance use and affective disorders, suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA). Out of the 3.3% of adults with ASPD, over half (54.33%) had a comorbid anxiety disorder (lifetime). Similarly, 42.31% of adults with a history of CD (9.4%) who did not meet criteria for ASPD had a lifetime anxiety disorder. Social phobia [OR = 1.65 (1.01, 2.7)] and post-traumatic stress disorder [OR = 2.28 (1.3, 4.0)] were associated with significantly increased odds of ASPD, after adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics and other psychiatric comorbidity. Major depression was no longer significantly associated with ASPD after adjusting for anxiety disorders. The comorbidity of anxiety disorders and ASPD was associated with significantly higher odds of major depression, substance use disorders, and SI and SA compared with odds among those without both disorders. These data provide initial evidence of an association between PTSD and social phobia and an increased likelihood of ASPD among adults in the community, after adjustment for comorbid affective and substance use disorders. Adults with ASPD and comorbid anxiety had significantly higher levels of comorbid major depression, alcohol dependence, and substance dependence and substantially higher rates of lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts compared to adults with ASPD or anxiety disorders alone or with neither disorder. Future studies are needed to replicate this finding using longitudinal data and to investigate the possible mechanisms of the observed links between anxiety disorders and ASPD.
An Overview of Asset–Price Models

Discrete-parameter time-series models for financial data have received, and continue to receive, a great deal of attention in the literature. Stochastic volatility models, ARCH and GARCH models and their many generalizations, designed to account for the so-called stylized features of financial time series, have been under development and refinement now for some thirty years. At the same time there has been a rapidly developing interest in continuous-time models, largely as a result of the very successful application of stochastic differential equation models to problems in finance, exemplified by the derivation of the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) optionpricing formula and its generalizations. In this overview we start with the BSM option-pricing model in which the asset price is represented by geometric Brownian motion. We then discuss the limitations of the model and survey the various models which have been proposed to provide more realistic representations of empirically observed asset prices. In particular, the observed non-Gaussian distributions of log returns and the appearance of sharp changes in log asset prices which are not consistent with Brownian motion paths have led to an upsurge of interest in Levy processes and their applications to financial modelling.
"Halal-ing" the Child: Reframing Identities of Resistance in an Urban Muslim School

In this article, Na'ilah Suad Nasir expands the literature on resistance theory by exploring the institutional response to classic "resistant" or "oppositional" student behavior. Using the case of one boy in an urban Muslim school who displays these resistant behaviors, she shows how the ideational artifacts of family and spirituality are enacted within the school context to support his growth. Nasir draws on data from extensive interviews and observations at the school site to paint a rich and complex picture of the dynamics at play when students appear to resist school. Rather than framing resistance as the property of the child, Nasir looks at how resistance can be cocreated in cultural settings and offers a potentially helpful perspective on how to construct schools in which resistant behavior does not become the norm.
Management of the young child with bilateral anomalous and functionless lower extremities.

1. Three cases of severe bilateral lower extremity limb deficiency are presented and their management discussed. 2. A case of mature, untreated lumbosacral agenesis with spinal, pulmonary, and renal compromise is discussed. 3. The need for carrying out ablative surgery at an early age in the proper emotional climate is emphasized. 4. Spinal stability is essential for survival.
S4-4: Optimal Signal Integration across Spatiotemporal Frequency Channels in Visual Speed Perception

Humans can optimally integrate sensory cues across different perceptual modalities in order to form a coherent percept (Ernst & Banks, 2002). It is unclear, however, to what degree optimal integration also occurs within a single perceptual modality. Here, we argue that humans integrate visual motion signals across independent spatiotemporal frequency bands and combine them with an general expectation for slow speeds (Stocker & Simoncelli, 2006). We formalize this hypothesis with a Bayesian observer model containing multiple sensory channels, each sensing motion energy within a limited spatial frequency band. When triggered by a moving stimulus, the responses of individual channels undergo divisive normalization and are then integrated across all channels tuned to the same speed. We tested this model against data from a range of psychophysical experiments using broadband sinusoidal gratings with different frequency spectra. Fits of the observer model to individual subjects' data well account for the full s...
Economic rebalancing and electricity demand in China

Abstract As China undertakes a transition to a more consumption- and service-oriented economy, electricity consumption in the richest provinces has been plateauing. Though projections for electricity use in 2030 range widely from 5308 to 8292 kWh per capita, most results suggest that policymakers and power system planners need seriously re-evaluate the need for new generation capacity to avoid overinvestment that could lead to stranded generation assets.