cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The reattachment process in nonequilibrium arc simulations

The reattachment process is an essential part of the dynamics of thermal plasma flows. Simulations of the flow inside a direct-current arc plasma torch performed with a two-temperature model produce a reattachment process triggered by local flow instabilities and driven by local high electric fields and electron temperatures. These results indicate that an arc reattachment can occur not only due to a breakdown of the gas surrounding the plasma but also due to the macroscopic characteristics of the flow, and these emphasize the importance of nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium-based models to properly describe arc dynamics.
Optimal merging of multiple aircrafts to waypoints via controlled time of arrival windows

This paper presents an algorithm that computes the optimal arrival times and velocities required for maximizing worst case mutual separation in a multiple aircraft optimal merging scenario. The approach leverages the Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) to rapidly generate locally optimal trajectories per aircraft and an outer-loop Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) scheme to search for globally optimal merging dynamics. The subset of feasible Controlled Time of Arrival (CTA) and velocity windows is estimated based on an asymptotic approximation of the locally optimal trajectory generated by the PMP. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) scheme maximizes the minimum separation between all aircrafts over all instances of the trajectory. The cost functional has been chosen to minimize load factor (enhance comfort) and maximize worst case mutual separation (improve safety). Simulations based on a simplified lateral aircraft model subject to bounded control inputs are provided to illustrate the concept.
Integrating Theory and Practice: The Agent Architecture Framework APOC and Its Development Environment ADE

In this paper we present the results of the combined development of APOC and ADE, an architecture framework for the analysis, comparison, and design of agent architectures and a distributed agent development environment which implements APOC principles, respectively. We show how the APOC framework relates to other architectures and design methodologies and demonstrate how other architectures and architectural components can be combined in a single architecture through APOC. Next we describe the ADE development environment and highlight the implementation of APOC principles. We show how ADE gives users the freedom to seamlessly switch between single and multiple computer environments, serial and parallel execution, and robotic and virtual agents. Finally, we illustrate the features of ADE through a robotic agent example.
Lessons learned in data reverse engineering

Reverse engineering of data has been performed in one form or another for over twenty-five years (1976-2001 approx.). The author describe the lessons learned in data reverse engineering (DRE) as contributed in a survey of data reverse engineers. Interesting is the fact that some of the lessons learned tell us how we are doing in the process of initial database design as well as how difficult the DRE process really is. It is hoped that from these lessons learned, we can assist in the suggestion of the next steps that are needed in the DRE area and promote discussion among the DRE community.
Mechanism of the defect in cholesteryl ester clearance from macrophages of atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau pigeons.

Recent studies from our laboratory (Yancey, P.G., and R. W. St. Clair. 1992. Arterioscler. Thromb. 12: 1291-1304) have shown that cultured peritoneal macrophages from White Carneau (WC) pigeons clear cholesteryl esters at a slower rate than do macrophages from Show Racer (SR) pigeons (9% per 24 h vs. 42% per 24 h, respectively) when incubated in the presence of a cholesterol acceptor apo high density lipoprotein/phosphatidylcholine (apoHDL/PC) at concentrations that are not rate-limiting for cholesterol efflux. In the present studies we have examined some potential mechanisms for this difference in cholesterol efflux. The desorption of [3H]cholesterol from the plasma membranes of non-cholesterol-loaded cells was log-linear with half-times of 24-31 h, and was not different for WC and SR macrophages. As this rate of cholesterol desorption was 2- to 3-times faster than the rate of cholesteryl ester clearance, it is unlikely to be rate-limiting. In cells loaded with cholesteryl esters, the re-esterification of cholesterol was equally low in both WC and SR macrophages when incubated with apoHDL/PC. The addition of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, Sandoz 58,035, reduced esterification approximately 50%, but did not affect the clearance of cholesteryl ester mass from either WC or SR macrophages. Thus, differences in cholesteryl re-esterification could not explain the differences in cholesteryl ester clearance. The rate of hydrolysis of radiolabeled cellular cholesteryl esters was log-linear for up to 36 h in WC and SR macrophages. The half-time for hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester was 89 h in WC macrophages, compared to only 37 h in the SR macrophages, and paralleled the rate of clearance of cholesteryl esters in these cells (133 h and 51 h, respectively). Cyclic AMP stimulated cholesterol ester hydrolysis in WC macrophages and increased by 5-fold the clearance of cholesteryl esters in the presence of apoHDL/PC and Sandoz 58,035. These data are consistent with the conclusion that the rate-limiting step in the clearance of cholesteryl esters from pigeon macrophages is the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters, and that the slow rate of cholesteryl ester clearance in WC macrophages is due, at least in part, to a defect in cholesteryl ester hydrolysis. It is tempting to speculate that this defect in cholesteryl ester hydrolysis may play a role in the difference in susceptibility to atherosclerosis between WC and SR pigeons.
Dahlin’s Bone Tumors: General Aspects and Data on 10,165 Cases. 6th ed.

K. Krishnan Unni and Carrie Y. Inwards. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010. 402 pages. $199.00. ISBN: 978-0-7817-6242-7. The sixth edition of this classic reference text presents the Mayo Clinic pathology and radiology experience with 10,165 cases of bone lesions. Compiled by the world-renowned pathology giant K. Krishnan Unni, MBBS, now an Emeritus Consultant at the Mayo Clinic, and his widely respected colleague, Carrie Inwards, MD, Associate Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, this latest addition to the series continues in …
ASSESSING THE NEED OF PHYSICAL THERAPY IN THE SALT LAKE CITY HOMELESS POPULATION

Context: Overall health and wellness of a population relies on numerous different social, economic, and environmental factors. Among these factors is healthcare and maintaining physical and mental health of a given population. Specifically, the homeless population is unique in that the most common healthcare needs relate to drug and alcohol dependence, or mental illness. Another issue for socioeconomic reasons lower income populations are more likely to be associated with having chronic pain conditions (pain lasting more than 3 months), and overall functional limitations. Physical therapy is a tool that healthcare uses to provide to patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Increasing research suggests that treatment by a physical therapist is often an equally effective and cheaper alternative to surgery and prescription drugs.
The Management of Comminuted Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures

A modification of the medial displaced osteotomy and fixation technique of Dimon and Hughston for the operative management of unstable comminuted intertrochanteric fractures of the hip using a sliding compression screw-plate combination was performed in seventy-two patients who were followed more than twelve months after operation. Sixty-seven fractures progressed to rapid union with good valgus reduction maintained. Sixty patients were allowed full weight-bearing on the affected extremity within eight days of the operation. The average time to fracture union in this group was three and one-half months.
Study of femtosecond-laser-written waveguides in glasses

Mechanisms of the femtosecond-laser-induced refractive-index change (Δn) were investigated for fused silica and a borosilicate glass. Experiments were based on two exposure situations: (a) high repetition rate and low pulse energy and (b) low repetition rate and high pulse energy. The calculated temperature rise based on model (b) was above 1000 °C, whereas for situation (a) it was negligible. The results do not support a thermal origin of the induced Δn; rather, heat may limit the magnitude of the change. Correlation between color-center formation and Δn in both glasses suggests that defects contribute substantially to the index increase. However, annealing studies have shown that the induced Δn persisted beyond the disappearance of the color centers. Analysis of the induced stress showed that densification plays a small role in this change.
Sponsors of Agricultural Literacies: Intersections of Institutional and Local Knowledge in a Farming Community.

Many of the agricultural literacies engendering twentieth-century farming practices and shaping contemporary concepts of food and nutrition in the United States arose through scientific research at land-grant colleges. This article examines how those literacies reached and interacted with local communities through institutional entities such as the extension service and its youth program, the 4-H.
Compatibility of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis and chemical insecticides. 1. Effect of insecticide doses on bacterial replication rate

Growth rates of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner in broth cultures containing insecticides were measured. Insecticides tested for compatibility included chlorinated hydrocarbons and their epoxdies, carbamates, and oreganophosphates. Of these insecticides, only aldrin, heptachlor, and DDT at the rates of 0.93, 2.25, and 4.5 ppm significantly reduced growth rates. The chlorinated hydrocarbon epoxides, organophosphates, and carbamates had no significant effects on growth rates at these levels. Cell propagation of B. thuringiensis in distilled water containing 500 ppm of diazinon and malathion indicated metabolic breakdown of these compounds.
Endotoxin-induced wasting disease in mice: a temporary condition explained by endotoxin tolerance.

Summary1. Bacterial endotoxin causes a loss of thymic lymphocytes and a change in thymic morphology regardless of the age or stage of development of the mouse. 2. Injection of endotoxin into neonatal mice every 3 days causes a temporarily stunted growth rate, as manifested by slower gain in total body weight than that seen in saline injected controls. 3. That the was ting-like syndrome induced by endotoxin is temporary appears to be due to the development of tolerance to the effect of endotoxin on the thymus.
Egg Hatch of Honey Bees Fertilized with Frozen Spermatozoa

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) semen was diluted with water (or 0.85% NaCl) and dimethyl sulfoxide in a 6:3:1 ratio and stored in liquid nitrogen (–196° C). Queens inseminated with this semen produced a higher proportion of males (unfertilized eggs) and a lower egg hatching rate than control queens. Low hatching rates were associated with the fertilized eggs rather than with the unfertilized eggs within the test group. Egg hatching rates averaged 82±11% (x±SD) in test queens and 95±2% in controls.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Oxygen Consumption and on an Oxidative Enzyme in the Cockroach Periplaneta americana

This cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.)i shows a Q10 of 2.25 for oxygen consumption over the range 15-25°, and a μ value of 14,000 to 15,000 for the range 3° to 35°. On a weight basis, resting females consume 30% more oxygen than males. The enzyme succinoxidase from thoracic muscle has almost exactly the same Q10. and μ values. These values are compared with Q10 values for other systems in the same species.
The Precipitin Test in Elucidating the Cause of Death

It is incumbent on every pathologist, whether forensic or not, to use every facility in his means in order to study and elucidate the cause of death. Precipitin technics have been used for this purpose only to a slight degree. These technics have the advantage of simplicity and, except for cross-reacting antigen-antibody systems, precipitin reactions have excellent specificity. Not only may the positive identification of an antigen be made, but an estimate of quantitation may be feasible. We are not attempting to discuss (in this paper) the vast immunologic background for these tests, but are dealing with the principal modus operandi. Capillary precipitin tests and also agar-stabilized systems are available, and, in both types of tests, the end point is dependent on the combination of antigen and antibody to form a visible precipitate (Fig. 1). The capillary technic is performed with a tube that is similar to those used for determining melting points. The antigen is layered over the antiserum by means of capillary attraction. A smooth interface is formed, and the precipitate occurs at this interface. This method is much more satisfactory than that in which the test is performed in an ordinary test tube. Although the capillary precipitin test is simple to perform, certain disadvantages are associated with its use. Combinations of multiple antigens and antibodies may not be studied, and there is a lack of sensitivity. With the agar-stabilized method, these disadvantages are avoided. In addition, certain types of antigen-antibody combinations do not yield a readable end point in the capillary tube, whereas the slowly diffusing front in the agar-stabilization technic provides for a clearly visible precipitate. This is particularly true when one is dealing with the antibiotic reactions; in the capillary precipitin test, antibiotics yield a faint opalescence throughout the entire tube, rather than a discrete precipitate at the interface. On occasion, we have had a negative result with the capillary method, although a conspicuously positive reaction was observed with the agar-stabilization technic. For this reason, we now perform only
ANALYSIS OF A MYELINATED NERVE MODEL.

A simple model for a myelinate nerve fiber is analyzed to determine the velocity of propagation and the shape of the leading edge potential. The model considered is a generalization of one which has provided a satisfactory description of conduction along a smooth or nonmyelinated fiber. It is shown that if the active nodes are sufficiently separated the delay from node to node increases only logarithmically with node spacing. Under these conditions the pulse velocity increases almost linearly with node spacing.
Asymptotic theory for large volatility matrix estimation based on high-frequency financial data

Abstract In financial practices and research studies, we often encounter a large number of assets. The availability of high-frequency financial data makes it possible to estimate the large volatility matrix of these assets. Existing volatility matrix estimators such as kernel realized volatility and pre-averaging realized volatility perform poorly when the number of assets is very large, and in fact they are inconsistent when the number of assets and sample size go to infinity. In this paper, we introduce threshold rules to regularize kernel realized volatility, pre-averaging realized volatility, and multi-scale realized volatility. We establish asymptotic theory for these threshold estimators in the framework that allows the number of assets and sample size to go to infinity. Their convergence rates are derived under sparsity on the large integrated volatility matrix. In particular we have shown that the threshold kernel realized volatility and threshold pre-averaging realized volatility can achieve the optimal rate with respect to the sample size through proper bias corrections, but the bias adjustments cause the estimators to lose positive semi-definiteness; on the other hand, in order to be positive semi-definite, the threshold kernel realized volatility and threshold pre-averaging realized volatility have slower convergence rates with respect to the sample size. A simulation study is conducted to check the finite sample performances of the proposed threshold estimators with over hundred assets.
Qualitative and Quantitative Assays of Transposition and Homologous Recombination of the Retrotransposon Tf1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Transposition and homologous recombination assays are valuable genetic tools to measure the production and integration of cDNA from the long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon Tf1 in the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Here we describe two genetic assays, one that measures the transposition activity of Tf1 by monitoring the mobility of a drug resistance marked Tf1 element expressed from a multi-copy plasmid and another assay that measures homologous recombination between Tf1 cDNA and the expression plasmid. While the transposition assay measures insertion of full-length Tf1 cDNA mediated by the transposon integrase, the homologous recombination assay measures levels of cDNA present in the nucleus and is independent of integrase activity. Combined, these assays can be used to systematically screen large collections of strains to identify mutations that specifically inhibit the integration step in the retroelement life cycle. Such mutations can be identified because they reduce transposition activity but nevertheless have wild-type frequencies of homologous recombination. Qualitative assays of yeast patches on agar plates detect large defects in integration and recombination, while the quantitative approach provides a precise method of determining integration and recombination frequencies.
Smooth muscle guanine nucleotides and receptor-effector coupling following inhibition of oxidative energy production

We measured total concentrations of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP) in rabbit aortic smooth muscle under several different conditions. We computed free [GDP] and free G...
Religiöse Diversität in der (post-)modernen deutschen Gesellschaft

Individualisierung ist in (post-) modernen Gesellschaften Normalitat. Daher ist Diversitat und dessen Management ein omniprasentes Thema, sowohl in Unternehmen als auch der Politik, sogar in den Kirchen. In der Religionssoziologie versuchen drei Theorien die Sakularisierung und religiose Individualisierung zu erklaren. Neben dieser wissenschaftlichen Diskussion in der Soziologie, versuchen beide christlichen Kirchen Deutschlands einen geeigneten Umgang mit der Diversitat ihrer Mitglieder zu finden. Um dies zu erreichen, stutzen sich die Kirchen vor allem auf zwei Studien: Den Religionsmonitor und die Sinus-Milieus. Die erste liefert mit ihren rund 35.000 Interviews in 21 Landern eine breite, internationale und interreligiose Datenbasis. Die zweite entwickelt auf Grundlage des sozio-okonomischen Hintergrunds der Befragten zehn Lebensstile (Milieus) und setzt diese in Beziehung zu ihrer religiosen Glaubenspraxis. Auf Basis dieses Wissens, versuchen die christlichen Kirchen ihr Angebot so aufzustellen, dass sich alle zehn Milieus davon angesprochen fuhlen.
Maximus as Stoic Warrior in Gladiator

Philosophy as a Way of Life: I discuss Hadot’s analysis of ancient Greek ways of thinking about philosophy.
DeTEC: Detection of Touching Elongated Cells in SEM Images

A probabilistic framework using two random fields, DeTEC (Detection of Touching Elongated Cells) is proposed to detect cells in scanning electron microscopy images with inhomogeneous illumination. The first random field provides a binary segmentation of the image to superpixels that are candidates belonging to cells, and to superpixels that are part of the background, by imposing a prior on the smoothness of the texture features. The second random field selects the superpixels whose boundaries are more likely to form elongated cell walls by imposing a smoothness prior onto the orientations of the boundaries. The method is evaluated on a dataset of Clostridium difficile cell images and is compared to CellDetect.
Affordant guidance for in-flight loss of control: the trajectory recovery system (TRS)

This paper describes the early stage research of the Trajectory Recovery System (TRS). TRS provides directly perceivable and actionable aerodynamic performance and recovery information to a pilot in the event of an In-Flight Loss of Control (ILOC) event arising from exceeding the aircraft's critical angle of attack (AOA), ILOC-Stall (ILOC-S). Documented here is the Human Centered Design (HCD) approach that was utilized to conceptualize, formalize, and select TRS design options. As a Joint Cognitive System (JCS), TRS architecture provides for fluid multi-agent interaction for optimum aerospace system vehicle performance. Therefore, the human-agent model for interaction that theoretically supports TRS is described. Prototyping history, from wireframe to a Wizard-of-Oz test bed, to an aerodynamically optimized algorithm animating a functionally flyable prototype is reported.
Using crowdsourced and weather station data to fill cloud gaps in MODIS snow cover datasets

Abstract We present the design, development, and testing of a new software package for generating snow cover maps. Using a custom inverse distance weighting method, we combine volunteer snow reports, cross-country ski track reports and station measurements to fill cloud gaps in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover product. The method is demonstrated by producing a continuous daily time step snow probability map dataset for the Czech Republic region. For validation, we checked the ability of our method to reconstruct MODIS snow cover under cloud by simulating cloud cover datasets and comparing estimated snow cover to actual MODIS snow cover. The percent correctly classified indicator showed accuracy between 80 and 90% using this method. The software is available as an R package. The output data sets are published on the HydroShare website for download and through a web map service for re-use in third-party applications.
Pediatric kidney transplantation

Since first performed in 1954, kidney transplantation has evolved as the preferred long-term treatment of children with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESRD in children is broad and can be quite complicated, necessitating a multidisciplinary team to adequately care for these patients and their myriad needs. Precise surgical techniques and modern protocols for immunosuppression provide excellent long-term patient and graft survival. This article reviews the many etiologies of renal failure in the pediatric population focusing on those most commonly leading to the need for kidney transplantation. The processes of evaluation, kidney transplantation, short-term and long-term complications, as well as long-term outcomes are also reviewed.
Erratum to: Logarithm laws for flows on homogeneous spaces

One of the propositions in the paper (Kleinbock and Margulis in Invent Math 138(3):451–494, 1999), related to approximating certain sets by smooth functions, was recently found to be incorrect. Here, we correct the mistake.
A Perspective on the Synapse

Since the synapse is a fundamental building block for nervous organization, it is important to gain some perspective on how we define that unit. It’s particularly appropriate to do that in this year, because it was just 100 years ago that the term was introduced by Sherrington (summarized in Shepherd and Erulkar, 1997). I will then consider briefly some of our own studies, to illustrate how work in a particular model system can have relevance to understanding the circuit functions of synapses.
Animal Communication: Signal Detection

Signal detection theory addresses a fundamental problem for all communication: The separation of signals from noise (background or irrelevant energy). A general conclusion is that receivers cannot simultaneously minimize two kinds of errors, false alarms and missed detections of signals. This conclusion has fundamental implications for the design and hence the evolution of any communication system. It suggests that, depending on circumstances, receivers might evolve either adaptive gullibility (and thus susceptibility to deception) or adaptive fastidiousness (and thus reluctance to respond even to appropriate signals).
Doing Critical Health Communication: Negotiating the terrain of transdisciplinary collaboration

In this article, we think about how critical health communication scholars can speak to audiences outside the discipline in order to make an impact on public health and policy, health promotion, and health care delivery. We take into consideration how are we situated in our relationship with transdisciplinary research as well as the challenges and opportunities involved in collaborating with transdisciplinary teams including the ways we can navigate the inherent method/ological tensions in such collaborations. We focus on how the methodological considerations of “critical” health scholarship are situated vis-a-vis the epistemic status quo commitments in the disciplines of our potential allies.
Impact of On-Orbit Data Compression on Signal-to-Noise Ratio for Dim Target Detection

Our capacity to transmit data off of a spacecraft to the ground station has not kept pace with rate of data generation from advanced sensors. One solution is to reduce the size of the data prior to transmission through advanced compression techniques. In this paper, software and hardware implementations of a novel data compression algorithm were used to compress overhead persistent infrared data with synthetic embedded dim targets. An image processing technique was subsequently applied to the decompressed data to recover the embedded targets within the image stack, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the detected targets were examined as a function of compression ratio. This paper examines the detection signal-to-noise ratio and relative speed-up for compression of 1200 frames of infrared data implemented in a general-purpose processor and a field-programmable gate array. The advantages of the FPGA implementation for processing efficiency were clearly shown, however, the reduced data precision had a negative impact on our ability to recover the dim target from the post compressed data.
Effects of Population Weighting on PM10 Concentration Estimation.

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10) pollution poses a considerable threat to human health, and the first step in quantifying health impacts of human exposure to PM10 pollution is exposure assessment. Population-weighted exposure level (PWEL) estimation is one of the methods that provide a more refined exposure assessment as it includes the spatiotemporal distribution of the population into the pollution concentration estimation. This study assessed the population weighting effects on the estimated PM10 concentrations in Malaysia for years 2000, 2008, and 2013. Estimated PM10 annual mean concentrations with a spatial resolution of 5 kilometres retrieved from satellite data and population count obtained from the Gridded Population of the World version 4 (GPWv4) from the Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) were overlaid to generate the PWEL of PM10 for each state. The calculated PWEL of PM10 concentrations were then classified based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and the national Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) and interim targets (IT) for comparison. Results revealed that the annual mean PM10 concentrations in Malaysia ranged from 31 to 73 µg/m3 but became generally lower, ranging from 20 to 72 µg/m3 after population weighting, suggesting that the PM10 population exposure in Malaysia might have been overestimated. PWEL of PM10 distribution showed that the majority of the population lived in areas that complied with the national AQG, but were vulnerable to exposure level 3 according to the WHO AQG and IT, indicating that the population was nevertheless potentially exposed to significant health effects from long-term exposure to PM10 pollution.
Expression of the long noncoding RNA DINO in HPV positive cervical cancer cells reactivates the dormant TP53 tumor suppressor through ATM/CHK2 signaling

Tumor cells overcome the cytostatic and cytotoxic restraints of TP53 tumor suppressor signaling through a variety of mechanisms. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positive tumor cells retain wild type TP53 because the HPV E6/UBE3A ubiquitin ligase complex targets TP53 for proteasomal degradation. While restoration of TP53 in tumor cells holds great promise for cancer therapy, attempts to functionally restore the dormant TP53 tumor suppressor in HPV positive cancer cells by inhibiting the HPV E6/UBE3A ubiquitin ligase complex have not yet been successful. The Damage Induced long noncoding RNA, DINO, (DINOL) is a TP53 transcriptional target that has been reported to bind to and stabilize TP53, thereby amplifying TP53 signaling. We show that HPV positive cervical carcinoma cells contain low levels of DINO because of HPV E6/UBE3A mediated TP53 degradation. Acute DINO expression overrides HPV16 E6/UBE3A mediated TP53 degradation, causing TP53 stabilization and increased expression of TP53 transcriptional target genes. This causes a marked sensitization to chemotherapy agents and renders cells vulnerable to metabolic stress. Acute DINO expression in HPV positive cervical cancer cells induces hallmarks of DNA damage response signaling and TP53 activation involves ATM/CHK2 signaling. DINO upregulation in response to DNA damage is independent of ATM/CHK2 and can occur in cancer cells that express mutant TP53. IMPORTANCEFunctional restoration of the TP53 tumor suppressor holds great promise for anti-cancer therapy. Current strategies are focused on modulating TP53 regulatory proteins. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of TP53 as well as modulators of downstream tumor suppressive transcriptional responses. Unlike many other cancer types, human papillomavirus (HPV) positive cancer cells retain wild type TP53 that is rendered dysfunctional by the viral E6 protein. We show that acute expression of the Damage Induced long Noncoding RNA, DINO, a known TP53 transcriptional target and functional modulator, causes TP53 reactivation in HPV positive cervical cancer cells. This causes increased vulnerability to standard chemotherapeutics as well as biguanide compounds that cause metabolic stress. Hence, strategies that target DINO may be useful for restoring TP53 tumor suppressor activity in HPV positive cancers and other tumor types that retain wild type TP53.
The President's Two Bodies

The President has “two bodies.” One body is personal, temporary, and singular. The other is impersonal, continuous, and composite. American public law reveals different perspectives on how to manage—but cannot escape—this central paradox. Our major disagreements and confusions about presidential power track what we might think of as the fault lines between these two bodies. An array of seemingly disparate debates on topics ranging from presidential impeachment, to the ownership of presidential papers, to the availability of executive privilege, to a presidential duty to defend statutes in court, to the legal status of presidential tweets, to the role of the White House counsel, to the nature of presidential intent, to the legal remedies available for presidential misconduct reflect this longstanding, ongoing ambivalence about the nature of the presidential office. The goal of this article is to make the President’s two bodies central to American public law. Recognizing the two bodies provides analytical coherence to the structure of presidential power. It illuminates both our contestations over, and the constituted reality of the constitutional presidency. The President’s duality brings into view traces of a personal, charismatic authority simultaneously in deep tension with and fundamentally constitutive of the institutional presidency. It reconstructs seemingly far-flung aspects of American public law (ranging in form from Founding-era debates, to judicial decisions, to statutory enactments, to presidential norms) as a shared effort to negotiate the President’s two bodies. And it illuminates what is at stake—for presidential legitimacy, for governmental capacity, for checks and balances, and for our substantive constitutional commitments—in how public law handles this defining ambiguity. Ultimately, the legal lines connecting the two bodies cannot emerge from the duality itself. Rather, it is a normative project of public law to construct them—and to do so in furtherance of articulated substantive commitments. Even as the two-bodies prism reveals a crucial role for public law in constituting the office of the President, it shows as well the limits of law and legal methods in managing its central tension. Presidential charisma is both inseparable from American constitutionalism and itself governed—incompletely and provisionally—by choices that lawyers and jurists make about how to construct the President’s duality.
Detection of prostate cancer and determination of its significance using explainable artificial intelligence.

5555Background: The variation of the human perception has limited the potential of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate in determining prostate cancer and identifying...
Treatment of PFAS-containing landfill leachate using an enhanced contact plasma reactor.

Abstract A bench-scale plasma reactor was used to degrade poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in landfill leachate samples obtained from three different locations. In the leachate samples before treatment, five long-chain, six short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and eight PFAA precursors were detected in a wide concentration range (~102 to 105 ng/L; total oxidizable precursors (TOP) ~106 ng/L). The concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) plus perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ranged between 2000 and 3000 ng/L. Plasma-based water treatment of 500 mL samples resulted in faster removal rates for longer-chain than shorter chain length PFAAs. Both PFOS and PFOA were removed to below United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) health advisory concentration level (HAL) concentrations ( 99.9% and 10–99.9%, respectively. The removal rate constant (kPFOA+PFOS) for combined PFOA and PFOS ranged between 0.20 and 0.34 min-1. Overall, 60 ± 2% of the TOP concentration and 34 ± 2% of the TOC were removed. No effect of non-PFAS co-contaminants (e.g., total initial organic carbon concentration ~2000 mg/L) on the degradation efficiency was observed. Short-chain PFAA removal efficacy was enhanced by adding a cationic surfactant (cetrimonium bromide). Overall, the results indicate that plasma-based technology may be a viable technology for the treatment of PFAS-contaminated landfill leachates.
Approaches to assessing the provider experience with clinical pharmacogenomic information: a scoping review.

Barriers to the implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice have been thoroughly discussed over the past decade. The objective of this scoping review was to characterize the peer-reviewed literature surrounding the experiences and actions of prescribers, pharmacists, or genetic counselors when using pharmacogenomic information in real-world or hypothetical research settings. A total of 33 studies were included in the scoping review. The majority of studies were conducted in the United States (70%), used quantitative or mixed methods (79%) with physician or pharmacist respondents (100%). The qualitative content analysis revealed five major methodological approaches: hypothetical clinical case scenarios, real-world studies evaluating prescriber response to recommendations or alerts, cross-sectional quantitative surveys, cross-sectional qualitative surveys/interviews, and a quasi-experimental real-world study. The findings of this scoping review can guide further research on the factors needed to successfully integrate pharmacogenomics into clinical care.
A Pilot Study of Home-Based Exercise and Personalized Nutrition Counseling Intervention in Endometrial Cancer Survivors.

Introduction: To assess the feasibility of a home-based aerobic exercise and nutrition counseling intervention and effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular disease risk profile, and immune response in obese endometrial cancer survivors. Methods: A longitudinal pilot study assessed a 12-week home-based aerobic exercise and nutrition counseling intervention in obese endometrial cancer survivors. The primary outcome was feasibility defined as 80% adherence to weekly walking sessions calculated among individuals that completed the intervention. Secondary outcomes comprised pre- and post-intervention differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular risk factors, and T-cell function. Descriptive statistics summarized data. Wilcoxon sign tests identified differences between and pre and post-intervention variables. Results: Nineteen women with stage 1 endometrial cancer consented; 9 withdrew and one was a screen failure. Median adherence to weekly walking sessions was 83.3%. Body composition was significantly altered with a reduction in median fat mass from 52.5 kg to 46.9 kg (p=0.04), and BMI from 37.5 kg/m2 to 36.2 kg/m2 (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in cardiorespiratory fitness or cardiovascular parameters. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells producing IFNγ towards MAGE-A4 significantly increased from and 5.9% to 7.2% (p=0.043) and 13.9% to 14.8% (p=0.046), respectively. There were 3 related adverse events: hip pain, back sprain, and abdominal pain. Discussion: Our home-based exercise and nutrition counseling program was feasible based on 80% adherence to walking sessions and favored altered body composition. However, the discontinuation rate was high and further research is needed to overcome barriers to implementation. Improvement in cardiovascular parameters will most likely require longer and more intensive programs.
Developing and Adapting a Mindfulness-Based Group Intervention for Racially and Economically Marginalized Patients in the Bronx

Abstract Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs; e.g., MBSR, MBCT, ACT) have been widely used and disseminated for treatment of myriad physical and psychological problems. However, most MBIs have primarily been used with middle-or upper-class White populations, with some instances where they have been adapted for use with diverse populations (e.g., Burnett-Zeigler et al., 2016 , Roth and Robbins, 2004 ). However, even when adapted, most MBIs have not explicitly addressed unique factors faced by the target population, such as racial discrimination, unemployment, lack of financial means, and other stressors. We developed and used an iterative approach to refine a MBI group based on MBSR and MBCT, for a racially and ethnically diverse population in the Bronx, considered by the U.S. census to be the most diverse in the country. Based on a trauma-informed care and centering people of color approach, we developed a longer than usual (16 weeks) mindfulness-based group, where core skills were broken down into smaller chunks to facilitate easier incorporation into daily life. We also used a longer duration and 1-hour weekly meeting time keeping in mind needs of the individuals, who often had limited time to participate due to work limitations and other comorbid physical conditions. While acknowledging that the individuals this group was catering to had experienced multiple traumatic events, we sought to also highlight and further develop the resilience and courage people in the Bronx community bring to the table. We review two clinically rich case vignettes, and also discuss recommendations for working with racially and economically marginalized people, and include a call to action for health care providers and organizations to engage in activism.
Objective and Subjective Behavioral Measures in Myopic and Non-Myopic Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic required a shift to electronic devices for education and entertainment, with children more confined to home, which may affect eye growth and myopia. Our goal was to assess behaviors during COVID-19 in myopic and non-myopic children. Methods Parents completed a questionnaire for their children (ages 8.3 ± 2.4 years, n = 53) regarding visual activity in summer 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during school time and the summer before COVID-19. Children also wore an Actiwatch for 10 days in summer 2020 for objective measures of light exposure, activity, and sleep. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Subjective measures showed that during COVID-19, children exhibited increased electronic device use and decreased activity and time outdoors (P 0.05). Objective measures during COVID-19 showed that myopic children exhibited lower daily light exposure (P = 0.04) and less activity (P = 0.04) than non-myopic children. Conclusions Children demonstrated increased electronic device use and decreased activity and time outdoors during COVID-19, with myopic children exhibiting lower light exposure and activity than non-myopes. Long-term follow-up is needed to understand if these behavioral changes ultimately contribute to myopia progression. Translational relevance Children's behaviors changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have implications in eye growth and myopia.
Sexual fields : toward a sociology of collective sexual life

The rise of urbanization and mass communication and the decoupling of sexuality from reproduction and moral regulation have contributed to the late modern expansion of specialized erotic worlds catering to a variety of sexual tastes. Organized by appetites and dispositions related to race, ethnicity, class, gender, and age, these arenas of sexual exploration become sites of stratification and dominion wherein actors vie for partners, social significance, and esteem. These are what Adam Isaiah Green calls sexual fields, and to help us to navigate them, he offers a groundbreaking new framework. To build on the sexual fields framework, Green has gathered a distinguished group of scholars who together make a strong case for sexual field theory as the first systematic theoretical innovation since queer theory in the sociology of sexuality. Expanding on the work of Bourdieu, the contributors develop this distinctively sociological approach for analyzing collective sexual life, showing how these semiautonomous sites are where the sexual life of our society resides today. And by coupling field theory with the ethnographic and theoretical expertise of some of the most important scholars of sexual life at work today, Sexual Fields offers a game-changing approach that will revolutionize how sociologists will analyze and make sense of contemporary sexual life for years to come.
The Pricing of Academic Journals

In this paper we investigate the claim that academic journals are too expensive. We estimate library demand for academic journals and ask if short run profit maximization by publishers can explain observed prices. Libraries purchase a portfolio of journals so to estimate demand we extend the standard discrete choice model, and estimation methods, to allow for a choice consisting of a subset of a larger set of journals. Unlike the discrete choice model, the model allows for both positive and negative cross-price effects. We estimate the model using library holdings data and find that on average prices in the industry are lower than what static pricing models predict. Furthermore, we simulate the effects of mergers and find that the likely unilateral effect of a merger is to lower prices.
NUCLEON--NUCLEON SCATTERING LENGTHS FROM INCOMPLETE NUCLEON--DEUTERON BREAKUP EXPERIMENTS.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the nucleon–nucleon scattering lengths from incomplete nucleon–deuteron breakup experiments. The determination of the neutron–neutron scattering length from either kinematically complete or incomplete experiments is based upon the success with which the known pp or np scattering lengths can be extracted from such experiments. In case of nucleon-induced break up of the deuteron, the final state enhancement effects observed at forward angles in incomplete experiments cannot be analyzed with the Watson–Migdal formalism because of the extended structure of the deuteron. However, the impulse approximation has given a representation of small angle final state interaction peaks observed in these reactions below 50 MeV. The measurements of 2H(p,n)2p spectra at a lab angle of 3.5° were made at nine proton energies between 16 MeV and 26 MeV using time-of-flight techniques with the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory cyclograaff. Moreover, experimental spectra were taken at 19 MeV and 26 MeV, and the theoretical spectra were calculated from the impulse approximation formalism.
Assessing the Utility of Mobile Computing Devices at Work: the Information Processing Support Index Framework

Mobile computing device adoption in organizations is proliferating with the rapid development of mobile computing technology. In this paper, we proposed a new construct, the Information Processing Support Index (IPSI), to capture how well these devices support employees’ job-required information processing activities. The instrument yields scores that measure perceptions about mobile devices’ capabilities and job requirements in terms of the two major types of information processing activities at work: content generation and content consumption. We use both qualitative and quantitative methods to demonstrate that the IPSI framework exhibits acceptable levels of reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Theoretical and practical contributions are also discussed.
Water Quality Management in the U.S.: History of Water Regulation

One of the hallmarks of the last century is increased public awareness of water quality, which has been augmented by plummeting water quality and steadily increasing population. Though water has historically been considered a commodity free for all, in the recent past, water quality and quantity have emerged as the bases of major conflicts on local, regional, national, and international levels. Under the new paradigm, water is perceived as a marketable commodity. Like any marketable commodity, the quality of water is dictated by the type of usage and is valued based on market laws of supply and demand. In the United States, it is estimated that one acre-foot of water used in agriculture and industry would generate revenue of $400 and $400,000, respectively. In the United States, the water quality management program has evolved over several decades. Based on the area of use and type of water, the history of water quality management can be divided into drinking water and wastewater regulations. Early legislation focused on ensuring the appropriate quality of drinking water, whereas the emergence of wastewater management is relatively new. Developing and implementing water quality standards and criteria achieve the appropriate quality of finished drinking water and reclaimed wastewater. Keywords: water quality; management; regulation; history; Clean Water Act; water pollution control act; U.S. EPA; FWPCA; IESWTR; NPDWRs; MCLs; MCLGs; groundwater rule