cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple attribute decision analysis for ecosystem management

Abstract Implementation of an ecosystem approach to natural resource management requires evaluation of a broad array of ecological services in a multidimensional, community-based watershed approach that empowers people to make informed management decisions. Conventional economic approaches that assign values to ecological services (contingent valuation) or that evaluate the efficiency of preserving and restoring those services (cost–benefit analysis) are quite limited for this purpose. In addition to the methodological difficulties encountered in applying contingent valuation and cost–benefit analysis, several problems occur when nonmarket values of ecological services are estimated independently of ecosystem planning and management. Multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) is an alternative conceptual framework for evaluating and selecting land and water resource management systems (LWRMS). Advantages of MADM are that it facilitates community-based collaborative decision-making, avoids some of the ethical, theoretical and practical shortcomings of conventional economic approaches, does not require assigning monetary values to ecological services, allows consideration of multiple attributes and is not culturally biased. The MADM model described in this paper explains how a property manager selects the most preferred LWRMS for a property based on their multiple stochastic attributes. Application of the model requires determination of the technically feasible LWRMS for a property and specification of the socially acceptable ranges of attributes. This information is combined with economic/biophysical simulations to derive the efficient combination of attributes and LWRMS for a property. The property manager then selects the most preferred combination of attributes from the efficient combinations of attributes for a property using utility maximization, surrogate worth tradeoff, free iterative search, analytical hierarchy process, Aspiration–Reservation Based Decision Support System or stochastic dominance. A watershed alliance can evaluate the sustainability of the most preferred LWRMS for properties in a watershed based on a weak or strong sustainability criterion. If the alliance determines that the most preferred LWRMS are not sustainable, then an index of attributes is used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of alternative public policies for stimulating the adoption of more sustainable LWRMS.
The effect of lithium on adrenergic function in dog.

Abstract The effect of acute and chronic lithium administration on the pressor response to norepinephrine and tyramine in anesthetized and conscious dogs was compared. In anesthetized dogs, acute lithium (50 mg/kg i.p.) administration caused a significant potentiation of the pressor response to norepinephrine but had no effect on tyramine-induced response. Following chronic administration of lithium (600 mg/day, 7–10 days) pressor response to both sympathomimetic agents was markedly decreased. In contrast, in conscious dogs, acute or chronic lithium administration failed to modify the pressor response to either agent. These latter results are at variance to those reported in man. Differences in species and methodology may account for this discrepancy. Results are discussed in light of known effects of lithium on biogenic amines. The serum lithium concentrations in both series of experiments were within the therapeutic range found to be beneficial in the treatment of affective disorders.
Hard Red Spring Wheat Response to Row Spacing, Seeding Rate, and Nitrogen

Row spacing, plant density, and N application timing can be manipulated to optimize plant growth and spatial distribution, therefore maximizing sunlight, nutrients, soil water use efficiency and grain yield. A 2-yr field study to evaluate the effects of four seeding rates (108,215, 323, and 430 seeds m -2 ), two row spacings (15 and 30 cm), and three N treatments (FA1, 100% at seeding; FA2,50% at seeding and 50% at tiller formation; and FA3,50% at seeding and 50% at shoot elongation) on grain yield ofMcNeal hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was conducted in central Montana. Spring wheat accumulated greater biomass at a faster rate under the 15-cm row spacing than the 30-cm row spacing. Grain yield was 410 and 412 kg ha -1 greater at 15-cm than at 30-cm row spacings in 2004 and 2005, and the yield increase was primarily attributed to 44 and 40 more spikes m -2 at 15-cm than at 30-cm row spacing in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Grain yield was not significantly affected by the N treatments, thus all N should be applied at seeding. The optimum seeding rate was 215 seeds m -2 . Tillers at higher seeding rates had larger phyllochrons and greater mortalities. Low protein content was found in FA3 and high seeding rate treatments in 2005. Narrow row spacing is recommended for high spring wheat yield in the northern Great Plains. This yield increase cannot be achieved by increasing seeding rate at wide row spacing.
Caveolar Localization Dictates Physiologic Signaling of β2-Adrenoceptors in Neonatal Cardiac Myocytes

There is a growing body of evidence that G protein-coupled receptors function in the context of plasma membrane signaling compartments. These compartments may facilitate interaction between receptors and specific downstream signaling components while restricting access to other signaling molecules. We recently reported that beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR) regulate the intrinsic contraction rate in neonatal mouse myocytes through distinct signaling pathways. By studying neonatal myocytes isolated from beta(1)AR and beta(2)AR knockout mice, we found that stimulation of the beta(1)AR leads to a protein kinase A-dependent increase in the contraction rate. In contrast, stimulation of the beta(2)AR has a biphasic effect on the contraction rate. The biphasic effect includes an initial protein kinase A-independent increase in the contraction rate followed by a sustained decrease in the contraction rate that can be blocked by pertussis toxin. Here we present evidence that caveolar localization is required for physiologic signaling by the beta(2)AR but not the beta(1)AR in neonatal cardiac myocytes. Evidence for beta(2)AR localization to caveolae includes co-localization by confocal imaging, co-immunoprecipitation of the beta(2)AR and caveolin 3, and co-migration of the beta(2)AR with a caveolin-3-enriched membrane fraction. The beta(2)AR-stimulated increase in the myocyte contraction rate is increased by approximately 2-fold and markedly prolonged by filipin, an agent that disrupts lipid rafts such as caveolae and significantly reduces co-immunoprecipitation of beta(2)AR and caveolin 3 and co-migration of beta(2)AR and caveolin-3 enriched membranes. In contrast, filipin has no effect on beta(1)AR signaling. These observations suggest that beta(2)ARs are normally restricted to caveolae in myocyte membranes and that this localization is essential for physiologic signaling of this receptor subtype.
Phenology and abundance of bean leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in eastern South Dakota on alfalfa and soybean relative to tillage, fertilization, and yield.

ABSTRACT Phenology and abundance of bean leaf beetles, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), were examined throughout two eastern South Dakota growing seasons in relation to grain yields in chisel-and ridge-tilled soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] grown in 2-yr rotation with corn (Zea mays L.) with and without added nitrogen (N). Populations were also sampled early and late season in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Beetles were present in alfalfa by late May and most were reproductively active within a week, but their presence in alfalfa did not always precede soybean emergence. Most beetles taken from alfalfa in late fall were teneral; all were previtellogenic and unmated. Reproductively active beetles were detected in soybeans as soon as seedlings emerged. A partial second generation apparently occurred each year. First-generation beetles started to emerge in soybean fields during the first or third week of July but, whether emergence started early or late, most beetles emerging after July seemingly failed to ...
Primes in progressions to moduli with a large power factor

On average, primes are uniformly distributed in short arithmetic progressions whose moduli may be divisible by high-powers of a given integer.
Can your pet rabbit read your email?: a critical analysis of the Nabaztag rabbit

The Nabaztag rabbit is an ambient digital device with customized functions. It was advertised as an ambient display, using strong product images suggesting that it is a pet alternative. However, after early interest, the popularity of this product did not last long. In this paper, we demonstrate interaction criticism as an approach to design research, exploring and proposing reasons for the product's decline. Specifically, we argue that the rabbit is difficult to connect with emotionally and explore several reasons this might be true. Our approach is phenomenological and hermeneutic in nature: we engaged in product usage for over twelve months, and practice a theoretically informed interpretive analysis. Using a combination of critical theories and affect research from robotics, we argue the Nabaztag product identity is confusing, which might be related to the manufactures' multiple intentions, and the gap between ideal and real users. We continue with an account of two genres of functions in the Nabaztag, revealing how they polarize of interpretation; moments when Nabaztag acted in unexpected ways; and the increased, rather than decreased, difficulty in interpreting Nabaztag the longer we used it. Interpretively understanding Nabaztag's experiential failures helps cultivate relevant design sensitivities and even implications for future designs.
Proximity-Aware Distributed Mutual Exclusion for Effective Peer-to-Peer Replica Management

A distributed hash table (DHT) with replicated objects enjoys improved performance and fault-tolerance but calls for effective replica management. This paper deals with proximity-aware distributed mutual exclusion (PADME) for P2P replica management on a DHT. Three main components are involved in PADME: (1) a few nodes designated as the sink candidates for collecting and consolidating replica updates, (2) a node selected from sink candidates to execute gathered replica updates, and (3) a proximity-sorted replica list to guide propagating the updated result effectively and reliably across all replica holders. Simulation results demonstrate that PADME exhibits at least two orders of magnitude less update message traffic than known leading distributed mutual exclusion-based algorithms for DHT replica management (namely, Sigma and E2E) under various cases examined. As a result, PADME outperforms Sigma (or E2E) by an order of magnitude (or up to 50%) in terms of the update throughput, while drastically lowering its update latency by up to 3 orders (or an order) of magnitude.
Phylogenetic Implications of the Oldest Crinoids

For many years the earliest record of the class Crinoidea was a single late Tremadocian genus. In the past decade, five crinoid genera were described from the early and middle Tremadocian, near the base of the Ordovician. Together these six genera represent a diverse assemblage with all but one expressing existing subclass apomorphies. Two of the recently described genera were initially assigned to their own order (plesion) Protocrinoida but not to a subclass. Here they are placed in the camerates based on apomorphies of the tegmen complex. Protocrinoids exhibit plesiomorphies unlike typical camerates. Two genera group with cladids, one expressing dendrocrinine apomorphies and the other cyathocrinine. One genus is placed within disparids, with iocrinid apomorphies.Based on its ancient age and trait mosaic, the protocrinoid Titanocrinus is designated as outgroup in a phylogenetic analysis using all other Early Ordovician and select Middle Ordovician taxa as an ingroup. Character compilation and phylogenetic analysis posit early class-level plesiomorphies inherited from an unknown ancestry but lost during subsequent crinoid evolution. Class-level apomorphies also emerge, some of which were subsequently lost and others retained. Results are generally robust and consistent with earlier subdivisions of the class, but supporting lower rank reorganizations. Strong support for the camerate branch low in the crinoid tree mirrors findings of earlier workers. Cladids branch from a series of intermediate nodes and disparids nest highest. Branching of disparids from cladids could be homoplastic.
If a Marketer Teaches Ethics, Is There Still a Sound? The Interdisciplinary Case.

When a marketer teaches general ethics courses, widespread ontological shock can result on campus. A case for positive paradigm expansion of all involved persons in an interdisciplinary environment is made. Suggestions for specific interdisciplinary opportunities and applications are provided. A call for interdisciplinary efforts is made and supported. Teaching outside your field is always chancy but when your terminal degree is marketing and the courses outside the area of expertise you are asked to teach are general distribution courses in ethics, cross-listed as Philosophy, it might be more than chancy, it may be ridiculous according to the received view. Reactions from colleagues in the business school may (and did) range from puzzlement to high hilarity particularly if one has been successful in business “in the real world” as was the case in this instance. Other colleagues seem to experience ontological shock as if they have suddenly found themselves in an alternate universe where “up” is “down.” This report is about doing the academically strange thing of teaching across the curriculum and enjoying it. But wait, there’s more, and even greater heresy! This will urge others in professional schools, sciences and other disciplines to consider the idea; and then do it, for all-around “wins” for all involved.
Robust Synchronization of Actuated Signals on Arterials

A robust approach is presented to synchronize actuated signals on arterials, mainly to address the issue of uncertain (not fixed) starts and ends of green of the sync phases. The robust counterpart of the mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP) for bandwidth maximization is developed to minimize the expected regret with respect to a set of high-consequence scenarios. The robust counterpart, another MILP, can be solved in polynomial time. Macroscopic and microscopic simulations are conducted to corroborate the validity and robustness of the resulting coordination plans.
Analysis of the potential radiation hazard of the 23 July 2012 SEP event observed by STEREO A using the EMMREM model and LRO/CRaTER

We present a study of the potential radiation hazard of the powerful, superfast interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) observed by STEREO A on 23 July 2012. Using energetic proton flux data from the High Energy Telescope and Low Energy Telescope instruments aboard STEREO A together with the Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module, we compute dose rates and accumulated doses during the event for both skin/eye and blood forming organs using four physically relevant levels of shielding. For spacesuit equivalent shielding, we compute a peak skin/eye dose rate of 1970 cGy-Eq/d, a value far greater than those of the 2003 Halloween storms or the January and March solar energetic particle events of 2012. However, due to the relative brevity of the event, the resulting accumulated dose was just 383 cGy-Eq, which is more aligned with the total doses of the 2003 Halloween and 2012 January/March events. Additionally, we use dose rates at STEREO B and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (LRO/CRaTER) during the event to show how the radiation impact is affected by the position of the ICME relative to the observer. Specifically, we find that the energetic particle event associated with the local shock and ICME passage at STEREO A caused greatly enhanced dose rates when compared to STEREO B and LRO/CRaTER, which were longitudinally distant from the ICME. The STEREO A/B dose rates used here will soon be made available to the community as a tool for studying the energetic particle radiation of solar events from different longitudes as a part of NASA's Heliophysics Virtual Observatories and on the Predictions of radiation from REleASE, EMMREM, and Data Incorporating CRaTER, COSTEP, and other SEP measurements (PREDICCS) and CRaTER websites.
Amniotic constriction band: a multidisciplinary assessment of etiology and clinical presentation.

Amniotic constriction band , first described in 1832 by Montgomery1, is one term used to describe a wide range of associated congenital anomalies, including anular constrictions of multiple extremities, oligodactyly, acrosyndactyly, talipes equinovarus, cleft lip and cleft palate, and hemangiomas. Additional, less common clinical manifestations include complete absence of the limb, short umbilical cord, craniofacial disruptions, neural tube defects, cranial defects, scoliosis, and body-wall defects, such as gastroschisis and extrathoracic heart. Some of these manifestations are uncommonly noted at birth because they result in spontaneous abortion2-5. The prevalence of amniotic constriction band is approximately one in 1200 to one in 15,000 live births6,7. The prevalence rate for male infants has been reported to be 0.91 and, for female infants, 1.44. These defects are reported to occur 1.76 times more frequently among African-Americans as compared with Caucasians6. Evidence of familial involvement is extremely rare. Although temporal and geographic clustering has been reported, this phenomenon is not well understood8. The variability of presentation between patients, the unusual nature of this constellation of findings, and the lack of a consensus on etiology are all reflected in the fact that thirty-four different names have been used to describe this entity in the literature9. Most of the descriptive terminology used to describe this entity relates to the extremity manifestations; the central manifestations affecting the face and body have not typically been considered for nomenclature. The various names include amnion rupture sequence, aberrant tissue band syndrome, ADAM (amniotic deformity, adhesions, mutilations) complex2, constriction band syndrome, constriction ring syndrome, amnion disruption sequence, and Streeter dysplasia, among others9. The use of the word “syndrome” is controversial because there are no classic, consistently present and defining features of amniotic …
Antennal Sensilla of Parthenogenetic and Bisexual Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

ABSTRACT Antennal sensilla were compared in parthenogenetic females and bisexual adults of rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), using scanning electron micrographs. The antenna of parthenogenetic females and of both sexes of bisexual reproductive weevils consisted of the scape, pedicel, and 6 flagellar segments. Females, regardless of mode of reproduction, had longer antennal segments than males. The 3 adult forms/genders can be correctly classified into their respective groups with a set of discriminant mathematical functions based on 4 morphological measurements of length or maximum width of segments of the antennae. For both sexes, 6 morphological sensilla types were found on the antennae, including hydrofuge scales I (hsI), trichoid sensilla (ts), 2 types of squamiform sensilla (ssI, ssII), tuft hairs (th), and Bohm bristles (Bb). No remarkable sexual differences in the types or distribution of sensilla were found on the antennae among parthenogenetic and b...
Palatability of wethers fed an 80% barley diet processed at different ages and of yearling wethers grazed on native range.

Seasonal availability of lamb in the Western United States contributes to a large fluctua- tion in lamb supply and value. However, alternatives to fall marketing may not be practical unless palatability traits are acceptable. A 3-yr study was conducted to investigate 1) the effects of slaughter age (7 to 8; 10 to 11; or 14 to 15 mo) on carcass and palatability character- istics of wethers fed an 80% barley diet (Exp. 1); and 2) the effects of finishing on range or on an 80% barley diet on carcass and palatability traits of 14- to 15-mo- old wethers (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, no differences (P = .27) were detected in flavor intensity or longissimus muscle area among slaughter age groups, but fat depth was greater (P < .05) for 7- to 8-mo-old wethers than for 10- to 11- or 14- to 15-mo-old wethers. Year × slaughter age interactions were detected (P < .10) for hot carcass weight, Warner-Bratzler shear value, body wall thick- ness, and percentage kidney fat. Hot carcass weight was greater (P < .05) for 14- to 15-mo-old wethers than for both groups of younger wethers in yr 1, did not differ (P = .53) among slaughter ages in yr 2, and was greater (P < .05) for 10- to 11- than for 14- to 15-mo-old wethers
The Traditional Explanation for Resistance versus Attitude Accessibility: Do They Trigger Distinct or Overlapping Processes of Resistance?.

This investigation compared the traditional explanation for the way inoculation confers resistance to influence with an alternative rationale for resistance based on attitude accessibility. Four hundred forty-three participants took part in the investigation in four phases spanning 54 days. The combined multiple regression and structural equation modeling results suggest that the traditional and alternative explanations for the way that inoculation confers resistance involve separate processes; counterarguing and accessibility appear to be distinct tracks en route to resistance, but the two explanations also are overlapping processes in which elicited threat plays an integral role.
Molecular Analysis of In Vitro Shoot Organogenesis

Shoot organogenesis is one of the in vitro plant regeneration pathways. It has been widely employed in plant biotechnology for in vitro micropropagation and genetic transformation, as well as in study of plant development. Morphological and physiological aspects of in vitro shoot organogenesis have already been extensively studied in plant tissue culture for more than 50 years. Within the last ten years, given the research progress in plant genetics and molecular biology, our understanding of in vivo plant shoot meristem development, plant cell cycle, and cytokinin signal transduction has advanced significantly. These research advances have provided useful molecular tools and resources for the recent studies on the genetic and molecular aspects of in vitro shoot organogenesis. A few key molecular markers, genes, and probable pathways have been identified from these studies that are shown to be critically involved in in vitro shoot organogenesis. Furthermore, these studies have also indicated that in vitro shoot organogenesis, just as in in vivo shoot development, is a complex, well-coordinated developmental process, and induction of a single molecular event may not be sufficient to induce the occurrence of the entire process. Further study is needed to identify the early molecular event(s) that triggers dedifferentiation of somatic cells and serves as the developmental switch for de novo shoot development.
What is the Fate of Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) Acetabular Component Orientation When Evaluated in the Standing Position

This retrospective study measured the change of the acetabular component orientation between supine and standing radiographs in 113 THA patients and identified the associated anatomical parameters that may help direct pre-operative planning. The mean change of the acetabular component inclination and version from supine to standing was 4.6° and 5.9° respectively (P 5° and 69 (53%) hips showing version change >5°. Twelve (43%) of 28 'malpositioned' cups became 'well-positioned' and 26 (31%) of 85 'well-positioned' cups became 'malpositioned' upon standing. Changes in inclination were associated with leg length discrepancy and pelvic obliquity; and changes in version were associated with pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. Standing position and patient factors should be considered when defining "optimal" acetabular orientation.
Learning a Spatial Skill for Surgery: How the Contributions of Abilities Change With Practice

SUMMARY We examined changes in performance as people learned to use an angled laparoscope, a challenging spatial skill that must be mastered by surgeons who perform minimally invasive techniques. In Experiment 1, novices took tests of spatial and general reasoning ability, and then learned to operate an angled laparoscope, simulated in a virtual environment, over 12 learning sessions. Initial performance showed considerable variability among learners, with performance related to general and spatial abilities. As learning progressed, interindividual variability diminished and all learners attained proficiency; the correlation with general ability diminished but the correlation with spatial ability remained significant. In Experiment 2, performance by highly experienced surgeons on the simulation was excellent from the first session, confirming its ecological validity. The findings contribute to theories of skill acquisition. They also have practical implications for the selection of surgeons and for the potential use of virtual environments in surgical training. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Stat1 mediates constitutive gene expression: a complex of unphosphorylated Stat1 and IRF1 supports transcription of the LMP2 gene

Analysis of mRNA levels in cells that express or lack signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (Stat1) reveals that Stat1 mediates the constitutive transcription of many genes. Expression of the low molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2), which requires Stat1, has been studied in detail. The overlapping interferon consensus sequence 2/γ-interferon-activated sequence (ICS-2/GAS) elements in the LMP2 promoter bind to interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and Stat1 and are occupied constitutively in vivo. The point mutant of Stat1, Y701F, which does not form dimers involving SH2–phosphotyrosine interactions, binds to the GAS element and supports LMP2 expression. Unphosphorylated Stat1 binds to IRF1 directly and we conclude that this complex uses the ICS-2/GAS element to mediate constitutive LMP2 transcription in vivo. The promoter of the IRF1 gene, which also contains a GAS site but not an adjacent ICS-2 site, is not activated by Stat1 Y701F. The promoters of other genes whose constitutive expression requires Stat1 may also utilize complexes of unphosphorylated Stat1 with IRF1 or other transcription factors.
BRAF Pyrosequencing Analysis Aided by a Lookup Table

Objectives BRAF mutations have substantial therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic significance, so detecting and specifying them is an important part of the workload of molecular pathology laboratories. Pyrosequencing assays are well suited for this analysis but can produce complex results. Therefore, we introduce a pyrosequencing lookup table based on Pyromaker that assists the user in generating hypotheses for solving complex pyrosequencing results. Methods The lookup table contains all known mutations in the sequenced region and the positions in the dispensation sequence at which changes would occur with those mutations. We demonstrate the lookup table using a homebrew dispensation sequence for BRAF codons 596 to 605 as well as a commercially available kit-based dispensation sequence for codons 599 to 600. Results These results demonstrate that the homebrew dispensation sequence unambiguously identifies all known BRAF mutations in this region, whereas the kit-based dispensation sequence has one unresolvable degeneracy that could be solved with the addition of two injections. Conclusions Using the lookup table and confirmatory virtual pyrogram, we unambiguously solved clinical pyrograms of the complex mutations V600K (c.1798\_1799delGTinsAA), V600R (c.1798\_1799delGTinsAG), V600D (c.1799\_1800delTGinsAT), V600E (c.1799\_1800delTGinsAA), and V600\_K601delinsE (c.1799\_1801delTGA). In addition, we used the approach to hypothesize and confirm a new mutation in human melanoma, V600\_K601delinsEI (c.1799\_1802delTGAAinsAAAT).
A variational r‐adaption and shape‐optimization method for finite‐deformation elasticity

This paper is concerned with the formulation of a variational r-adaption method for finite-deformation elastostatic problems. The distinguishing characteristic of the method is that the variational principle simultaneously supplies the solution, the optimal mesh and, in problems of shape optimization, the equilibrium shapes of the system. This is accomplished by minimizing the energy functional with respect to the nodal field values as well as with respect to the triangulation of the domain of analysis. Energy minimization with respect to the referential nodal positions has the effect of equilibrating the energetic or configurational forces acting on the nodes. We derive general expressions for the configuration forces for isoparametric elements and nonlinear, possibly anisotropic, materials under general loading. We illustrate the versatility and convergence characteristics of the method by way of selected numerical tests and applications, including the problem of a semi-infinite crack in linear and nonlinear elastic bodies; and the optimization of the shape of elastic inclusions.
Human Lung Fibroblasts Inhibit Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis in Ex Vivo 4D Model

Background We determined the effect of human lung fibroblasts (LFs) in metastatic lesion formation in a four-dimensional (4D) lung cancer model. Methods Human cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were isolated from the primary tumor, and normal LFs were isolated from adjacent lung using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The 4D metastatic lung cancer model was seeded with the human lung cancer cell lines (H460, A549, and H1299) alone or was seeded with CAFs or LFs. In addition, the 4D model seeded with human lung cancer cell lines was also treated with conditioned media of LFs or CAFs grown on the 4D model. We determined the number of metastatic tumor cells per high-power field on the model. Results There were significantly fewer metastatic lesions per high-power field in the 4D model seeded with the H460 cell line and LFs compared with H460 alone on day 15 ( p = 0.008) or compared with H460 and CAFs ( p = 0.002). This relationship was also seen with A549 and H1299 tumor cells. Moreover, the H460 cell line treated with conditioned media from the 4D model seeded with LFs had significantly fewer metastatic lesions than the 4D model seeded with CAFs. This was also seen with two other pairs of human fibroblasts obtained from patients. Conclusions The secreted factor from LFs grown on the 4D model inhibits the formation of metastatic lesions. The 4D model may be used to determine the role of different components of the tumor's microenvironment in metastatic lesion formation, and this secreted factor may provide a novel therapy for treatment of cancer metastasis.
Monthly Average Sea-Surface Temperatures and Ice-Pack Limits on a 1 degree Global Grid

Abstract Climatological monthly ocean-surface temperatures obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research and from Fleet Numerical Weather Central are merged and interpolated onto a 1° global grid. Monthly distributions of the main ice packs of the Arctic and Antarctic are digitized from Fleet Weather Facility ice charts and Navy atlases, and are incorporated into the global arrays. Machine-analyzed maps of the resulting distributions for the months of January, March, May, July, September and November are presented to indicate the seasonal variations of temperature and ice extent.
Using Evidence to Inform Practice for Community and Organizational Change, by Roberts-DeGennaro, M., & Fogel, S. J. (Eds.)

As Sondra J. Fogel and Maria Roberts-DeGennaro make clear in their introduction to Using Evidence to Inform Practice for Community and Organizational Change, evidence-based practice (EBP) has its r...
Factors Predicting the Oculomotor Nerve Palsy following Surgical Clipping of Distal Vertebrobasilar Aneurysms: A Single-Institution Experience.

Background The aim of our study was to identify various clinical and radiologic factors that correlate with the oculomotor nerve palsy following clipping of distal vertebrobasilar aneurysms. Methods A total of 48 patients with 51 aneurysms were included in this retrospective study . Patient's age, gender, size, location, and projection of the aneurysm, preoperative Hunt and Hess (H&H) grade, presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), temporary clipping, preoperative third nerve palsy, and Glasgow Outcome Scale were included in the model for analysis. Results A total of 15 patients (31.25%) developed oculomotor nerve palsy following clipping of basilar apex aneurysms. 38 patients (79.2%) presented with SAH and 35 patients (72.9%) had poor HH 95% confidence interval, 0.175–0.827] was an independent predictor of postoperative nerve dysfunction. Conclusion The size of the aneurysm, clinical grade at presentation, and projection of the aneurysm correlated with the oculomotor nerve dysfunction following clipping. These clinical and radiologic parameters can be used to predict the oculomotor nerve outcome.
Self-Supplied Ammonium Bicarbonate Draw Solute for Achieving Wastewater Treatment and Recovery in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell-Forward Osmosis-Coupled System

This study has presented a proof-of-concept system for the self-sustained supply of ammonium-based draw solute for wastewater treatment through coupling a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and forward osmosis (FO). The MEC produced an ammonium bicarbonate draw solute via recovering ammonia from a synthetic organic solution, which was then applied in the FO for extracting water from the MEC anode effluent. The recovered ammonium could reach a concentration of 0.86 mol L–1, and with this draw solution, the FO extracted 50.1 ± 1.7% of the MEC anode effluent. The lost ammonium during heat regeneration could be supplemented with additional recovered ammonium in the MEC. The MEC achieved continuing treatment of both organic and ammonium in the returned feed solution mixed with fresh anolyte, although at lower efficiency compared to that with completely fresh anolyte. These results encourage further investigation to optimize the coordination between MEC and FO with improved performance.
First-Principles Analysis of Potential-Dependent Proton Coupled Electron Transfer between Polypyridyl–Ruthenium Complexes and Oxygen-Modified Graphene Electrodes

Proton coupled electron transfer reactions which are pervasive throughout electrochemistry control a number of energy conversion strategies. First-principles density functional theoretical calculations are used herein to examine proton coupled electron transfer between a homogeneous mononuclear polypyridyl–ruthenium catalyst used in the catalytic oxidation of water and surface ketone groups on oxygen-modified graphene electrode surfaces. The potential-dependent interface energies were calculated for two proton transfer states: RuIIIOH···O═C–graphene and RuIV═O···HO–C–graphene. The reactivity for interfacial proton coupled electron transfer was found to be controlled by functional groups that terminate surface defect sites as well as graphene edge sites. The energy gap between the two proton transfer states becomes smaller as the number of surface ketone groups increases. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations clearly show that increases in the number of surface ketone groups increase the hydrophilicity ...
New phototriggers: extending the p-hydroxyphenacyl pi-pi absorption range.

Introducing 3-methoxy or 3,5-dimethoxy substituents on the 4-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP) photoremovable protecting group has been explored with two excitatory γ-amino acids, l-glutamic acid and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). These substituents significantly extend the absorption range of the pHP chromophore, e.g., the tail of absorption bands of 2a,b extend above 400 nm, well beyond the absorptions of aromatic amino acids and nucleotides. Irradiation releases the amino acids with rate constants of ∼107 s-1 and appearance efficiencies (Φapp) of 0.03−0.04. The photoproducts are formed through the pHP excited triplet and are primarily products of photoreduction and photohydrolysis. 1a,b also rearranged to the phenylacetic acid 3.
The clinical relevance of complex regional pain syndrome type I: The Emperor's New Clothes.

Abstract The management of patients with chronic pain is a nearly daily challenge to rheumatologists, neurologists, orthopedic surgeons, pain specialists and indeed a issue in nearly every clinical practice. Among the myriad of causes of pain are often included a unique syndrome, generally referred to as complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS). Unfortunately CRPS I has become a catch all phase and there are serious questions on whether it exists at all; this has led to an extraordinary number of poorly defined diagnostic criteria. It has also led to an etiologic quagmire that includes features as diverse as autoimmunity to simple trauma. These, in turn, have led to overdiagnosis and often overzealous use of pain medications, including narcotics. In a previous paper, we raised the issue of whether CRPS type I reflected a valid diagnosis. Indeed, the diagnostic criteria for CRPS I, and therefore the diagnosis itself, is unreliable for a number of reasons: 1) the underlying pathophysiology of the signs and symptoms of CPRS I are not biologically plausible; 2) there are no consistent laboratory or imaging testing available; 3) the signs and symptoms fluctuate over time without a medical explanation; 4) the definitions of most studies are derived from statistical analysis with little consideration to required sample size, i.e. power calculations; 5) interobserver reliability in the assessment of the signs and symptoms are often only fair to moderate, and agreement on the diagnosis of “CRPS I” is poor. Even physicians who still believe in the concept of “CRPS I” admit that it is vastly overdiagnosed and has become a diagnosis of last resort, often without a complete differential diagnosis and an alternative explanation. Finally, one of the most convincing arguments that there is no clinical entity as “CRPS I” comes from the enormous heterogeneity in sign and symptom profiles and the heterogeneity of pathophysiological mechanisms postulated. This observation is underscored by the diversity of responses among “CRPS I” patients to essentially all treatment modalities. It has even led to the concept that the signs and symptoms of CRPS can spread throughout the body, as if it is an infectious disease, without any medical plausible explanation. If true progress is to be made in helping patients with pain, it will require entirely new and different concepts and abandoning CRPS I as a legitimate diagnosis.
Behavioral Complications of Frontal Lobe Seizures

A 13-yr-old girl with marked behavioral and selective cognitive deficits associated with partial complex seizures of frontal lobe origin is reported from the Depts of Neurology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W Carson St, Torrance, CA.
Ferrite materials for quasi-optical devices and applications

We present recent developments in the characterisation and construction of quasi-optical Faraday rotators at millimetre wavelengths. These have been used to build high performance circulators/isolators over a wide range of frequencies and we illustrate their application in a number of mm-wave devices and systems.
Examination of Derived Gust Velocities from a Fleet of Aerial Supervision Module/Lead Aircraft

Flight data collected from a fleet of Beechcraft King Air airframes have been analyzed. The data consisted of information from 3094 flights in various missions flown for the U.S. Forest Service. Th...
An untethered sensor for well logging

A golf ball-sized untethered sensor platform for logging oil wells is described. This “sensor ball” is deployed through the wellhead, falls to a programmed depth, releases a small weight to change its buoyancy, returns to the surface and is recovered through the wellhead. Data are logged from onboard sensors as the sensor ball falls and rises in the well. These data are downloaded after the sensor ball is recovered. Most of the cost of wireline logging comes from the crews and heavy equipment required to deploy the wireline cable into the well. Small, untethered sensors can be deployed by one person with minimal equipment and could become a less costly alternative for acquiring downhole data in vertical wells.
CSF Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Characteristics on Dynamic and CT Myelography.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study is to describe the anatomic and imaging features of CSF venous fistulas, which are a recently reported cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with SIH caused by CSF venous fistulas who received treatment at our institution. The anatomic details of each fistula were recorded. Attenuation of the veins involved by the fistula was compared with that of adjacent control veins on CT myelography (CTM). Visibility of the CSF venous fistula on CTM and a modified conventional myelography technique we refer to as dynamic myelography was also compared. RESULTS. Twenty-two cases of CSF venous fistula were identified. The fistulas were located between T4 and L1. Ninety percent occurred without a concurrent epidural CSF leak. In most cases (82%), the CSF venous fistula originated from a nerve root sleeve diverticulum. On CTM, the abnormal veins associated with the CSF venous fistula were seen i...
Depressive symptoms and indoor tanning among U.S. Hispanic adolescents: Results from a nationally representative sample.

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between depressive symptoms and indoor tanning among U.S. Hispanic adolescents. METHOD Data were collected from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). In the current study, only Hispanic adolescents were included, which yielded a total weighted sample of 2,667 (men: N = 1,368; women: N = 1,299). Gender was also explored as a moderator in the association between depressive symptoms (sadness or hopelessness and suicidality) and indoor tanning. Logistic regressions were used, with past 12 month indoor tanning behavior (0 vs. 1 or more sessions) entered as the dependent variable. RESULTS Across gender, sadness or hopelessness was associated with increased odds of indoor tanning (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.2, 3.0], p = .01); however, gender significantly moderated the association between suicidality and indoor tanning. Simple slope analyses revealed that suicidality was significantly associated with increased odds of indoor tanning only among boys (OR = 4.0, 95% CI [2.1, 7.5], p = .001) whereas a nonsignificant association was found among girls (OR = 0.8, 95% CI [0.4, 1.8], p = .65). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest there is a differential relationship between suicidality and indoor tanning as function of gender among U.S. Hispanic adolescents. Skin cancer prevention programs for Hispanic youth may wish to consider the role of gender and negative affect in targeted campaigns. (PsycINFO Database Record
Relationships of demographic variables to USMLE physician licensing exam scores: a statistical analysis on five years of medical student data

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the associations of the demographic variables of gender, state of legal residency, student age, and undergraduate major with scores on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) and the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge. Methods The researchers collected and analyzed exam scores and demographic student data from participants of five graduating classes of students at the University of Minnesota Medical School (N = 1,067). Results Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for traditional-aged (defined as < 25 years old at matriculation) versus nontraditional-aged students on USMLE Step 1 scores (t[1065] = 2.91, p = 0.004) and USMLE Step 2 scores (t[1061] = 4.39, p < 0.001), both in favor of traditional-aged students. Significant differences were found for males versus females on MCAT Composite scores (t[1063] = 6.53, p < 0.001) and USMLE Step 1 scores (t[1065] = 5.14, p < 0.001), both in favor of males. There were no significant differences between science and nonscience majors or between Minnesota legal residents and nonresidents. Conclusion Traditional age and male gender were associated with higher exam scores, although patterns differed between tests, whereas undergraduate major and state of legal residency were not associated with higher exam scores.
Blood glucose changes surrounding initiation of tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors and conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis.

Blood glucose changes surrounding initiation of tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors and conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis
Courts and Issue Attention in Canada

Objective To inform international discourse about judicial countermajoritarianism, we assess whether decisions enhancing gay rights by Canadian courts increase the media's attention to homosexuality and related topics. Method We first collect a data set of monthly counts of relevant articles published in two prominent Canadian newspapers and then estimate Markov‐switching models to evaluate whether increases in media attention to homosexuality are coincident with judicial decisions enhancing gay rights in Canada. Results Each of five landmark gay rights decisions is coincident with a period of heightened media attention to homosexuality. The data show that Canadian newspapers publish nearly twice as many relevant stories during these “active” regimes compared to “inactive” periods. Conclusion Canadian courts can increase attention to issues in the national media. This result supports a dynamic view of the interaction between courts and democratic majorities in place of the static view of democracy endemic to normative discourse about judicial countermajoritarianism.
Commercial forced-air precooling of strawberries: A temperature distribution and correlation study

Abstract Forced-air precooling of strawberries is rarely ideal due to the non-uniform cooling rate inside precooling facilities and the simple heuristics used to select precooling duration. The aim of this work was to investigate the product temperature distribution during commercial forced-air precooling of strawberries, quantify the relationship between the ambient and product temperature and assess precooling durations. Our field studies showed that the half-cooling time (HCT) on the inside of precooling tunnels is approximately twice the HCT on the outside, facing the incoming air, but is relatively constant along the length of the tunnel and vertically within pallets. The HCT on the outside of the tunnel is strongly correlated to the HCT on the inside, enabling temperature predictions from a limited number of sensors. Temperature variations of up to 7 °C were observed at the end of precooling, suggesting that precooling should be extended in some instances to improve uniformity.