cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Membrane fluidity measured by fluorescence polarization using an EPICS V cell sorter

We have characterized the measurement of fluorescence polarization on single cells using an EPICS V cell sorter. A critical analysis is made of the balancing and calibration of the system. The system is highly linear for polarization measurements. Cellular membranes were labeled with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) to measure membrane fluidity. Fluorescence polarization histograms had coefficients of variation as low as 7%. Cells labeled with DPH after 24 hr incubation in medium lacking serum showed a significantly higher fluorescence polarization than cells in medium containing serum. The fluorescence polarization measured at 15 degrees C was 0.311 compared to 0.270 at 25 degrees C for cells labeled with DPH, verifying that temperature affects the membrane fluidity as measured by flow cytometry.
THE EFFECTS OF ABILITY, STRATEGY, AND EFFORT ATTRIBUTIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL, BUSINESS, AND ATHLETIC FAILURE

Summary. The effects of attributing educational, business, and athletic failure to low effort, low ability or use of inappropriate strategy were examined with the use of high school teachers as subjects. Strategy attributions were generally found to produce the most constructive effects. Perceived affect, support for future endeavour, and a measure of negative generalisability were rated significantly more favourably under the strategy attribution condition than under the effort attribution condition. The field in which failure was experienced interacted with sex; males appear to judge failure in business more negatively than failure in sports as measured by perceived affect and negative generalisability, while females show reverse trends. The data generally offer strong support for the contention that strategy attributions can produce more positive effects than effort attributions and that strategy attribution-training may have greater educational pay-offs than effort-attribution training. These data also raise questions regarding the assumption that behaviour is a linear function of the stability dimension.
Intraperitoneal dizocilpine induces cortical spike-wave seizure discharges in rats

Abstract Dizocilpine has been shown to be anticonvulsant in several experimental models of epilepsy. Nevertheless, 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) dizocilpine produced cortical spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in four of seven rats. The SWDs were accompanied by behavioral arrest, and also showed: a narrow range of induction times (around 25 min post-injection); hippocampal spikes closely correlated with the cortical spikes of the SWDs; a precipitous drop out of fast (45–100 Hz) cortical EEG; myoclonic bursts in nuchal EMG that began during the cortical slow waves. These findings suggest that patients being treated experimentally for stroke with noncompetitive N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) cation channel blockers should be monitored for seizures.
The influence of helium on microstructuralevolution in an ion-irradiated low-swelling stainless steel

Abstract The evolution of damage in a tow-swelling stainless steel under ion irradiation is examined. The influence of the presence of helium and its mode of injection upon dislocation evolution, phase instability, and swelling are investigated. Comparison of the response of the low-swelling alloy with that of a high-swelling alloy leads to some conclusions on the origin of the observed swelling resistance. The dislocation loop evolution can be modified by the presence of helium during the nucteation stage. The influence of helium on phase instability arises from its modification of the loop substructure at which solute segregation occurs. Phase instability is not a sufficient condition for void formation in the swelling resistant alloy. Titanium getters soluble gases which aid void nucleation, while silicon may influence swelling by a trapping mechanism.
Lack of microRNA miR-150 reduces the capacity of epidermal Langerhans cell cross-presentation.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that repress target genes at post- transcriptional level. Langerhans cells (LCs) are skin-residential dendritic cells (DCs) with a life cycle distinct from other types of DCs. miRNA deficiency interrupts the homoeostasis and function of epidermal LCs, suggesting the critical roles of miRNAs in LC development and function. However, the roles of individual miRNAs in regulating LC development and function remain completely unknown. MiRNA miR-150 is highly expressed in mature lymphocytes and regulates T- and B-cell development and function. Here, we reported that miR-150 is also expressed in epidermal LCs, and its expression is significantly down-regulated during in vitro LC maturation. Using a miR-150 knockout mouse model, we found that lack of miR-150 reduces the capacity of LCs to cross-present a soluble antigen to antigen-specific CD8 + T cells, but does not disturb the development, maturation, migration and phagocytic capacity of LCs. Thus, our data indicate that miR-150 is required for LC cross-presentation.
Site of interstage outpatient care and growth after the Norwood operation.

Background Recent efforts have focused on optimising interstage outcomes, including growth, for infants following the Norwood operation. The impact of the site of interstage care remains unclear, and it has been hypothesised that care at the surgical site may be beneficial due to greater access to resources such as nutritional support. This study evaluated the relationship between site of interstage care and weight gain in a large multicentre cohort. Methods Infants enrolled in the National Paediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (2008–2013) surviving up to Stage 2 were included. Change in weight-for-age z-score between Norwood discharge and Stage 2 admission was compared in those receiving care at the surgical versus non-surgical site. Results Of the 487 interstage survivors, 60% received all care at the surgical site, and 40% received care at a non-surgical site. There was no significant difference between groups in change in weight-for-age z-score: +0.36±0.96 for the surgical site group versus +0.46±1.02 for the non-surgical site group, p=0.3. Results were unchanged in multivariable analysis adjusting for differences in important baseline characteristics, duration of interstage, and home surveillance strategy. The proportion of all patients with weight-for-age z-score <−2 decreased from 40% at Norwood discharge to 29% at Stage 2, with no significant difference in change between the two groups (p=0.1). Conclusions The site of interstage care was not associated with weight gain during the interstage period. Nearly one-third of patients overall had a weight-for-age z-score <−2 at Stage 2. Further study is required to identify methods to optimise weight gain in these patients.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of adults sexually abused as children

Forty-seven help-seeking, adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were assessed to examine the relationship between the level of CSA exposure and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder. CSA exposure was operationalized to include the overall level of exposure, frequency and duration of the abuse, age of onset, use of force, perceived life threat, and the occurrence of penetration. Participants were administered standardized measures of PTSD, including the Structured Clinical Interview of DSM-III-R (SCID). On the SCID, 69% of the survivors met full DSM-III-R criteria for PTSD. Significant correlations were found between several overall exposure measures and PTSD diagnostic status and the intensity of PTSD symptomatology. Similar relationships were identified with the duration and frequency of the abuse, the age of onset, and the use of force. This study is important in that it utilized standardized measures of PTSD and found a significant incidence of PTSD among adult CSA survivors.
Necessary Social Skills Related to Peer Acceptance. Review of Research.

(2003). Review of Research: Necessary Social Skills Related to Peer Acceptance. Childhood Education: Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 234-238.
The influence of growth conditions on the electrical properties of GaAs/Al0.30Ga0.70As p+/n heterojunctions

Abstract Temperature-dependent current transport measurements of p-n heterojunction diodes are very sensitive to the exact composition and doping profiles of the diode. The barrier height of the diode, determined from these measurements, in conjunction with a realistic model for the heterostructure, can be used to determine the position of the dopant junction with respect to the metallurgical junction. This type of analysis can be more sensitive than traditional characterization methods such as secondary ion mass spectroscopy or capacitance voltage profiling. The sensitivity of this technique is demonstrated using p + /n GaAs/Al 0.30 Ga 0.70 As heterojunctions grown with different zinc profiles.
Intraabdominal calcifications in the newborn: an unusual case with anorectal malformation and other anomalies

Intraabdominal calcifications are an unusual radiographic finding in the newborn and can easily be misinterpreted as meconium peritonitis. The authors refer to a patient with anorectal malformation (ARM), intraluminal calcifications and other anomalies. Careful differentiation of the type of intraabdominal calcifications can suggest the possibility of other initially unsuspected anomalies.
Analgesic Use in the Emergency Department

The relief of pain is one of the most common reasons for seeking care in an emergency department. We conducted a retrospective chart review to see whether children received analgesic treatment similar to that of adults with the same acute, painful conditions. Charts of 112 pediatric patients from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia ED and 156 patients from the Medical College of Pennsylvania ED were reviewed. Patient ages ranged from a few months to 97 years. All patients had acute pain due to sickle cell crises (20%), lower-extremity fractures (31%), or second- or third-degree burns (49%). Hospitalization was required in 15% of cases. In the ED, 60% of patients with painful conditions received no pain medications at all. When medications were given, they were usually narcotics. Children (aged 19 years or younger) were much less likely to receive pain medications than adults ( P = .001). Those less than 2 years old received analgesics less often than older children ( P P
Theory and practice in acute venous thrombosis; a reappraisal.

The purpose of this review has been to outline the basis for proposing, and the details for implementing, a rational and consistent plan of therapy for the management of acute venous thrombosis. We have interpreted the entity of venous thrombosis as representing a common, frequently systemic disease, clinically manifest by focal intravascular coagulation. Concerning this disease, the specific etiology is unknown, the diagnostic criteria are crude and unsatisfactory, and although the clinical course is usually benign and self limited it may be unpredictably recurrent and fatal. We have also inferred that the difficulties in statistically validating any specific therapeutic measure are, for the present, extremely great, and that this problem will not be significantly lessened until an accurate test for thrombosis is devised. To construct a workable frame of reference for the clinical management of venous thrombosis within the limits of our present knowledge, we have formulated the concept of the temporary t...
A particular non-atomistic orthomodular poset

Every atomic orthomodular lattice is atomistic. We show that the corresponding statement for orthomodular posets fails. The result is of interest in the study of the Algebraic Structure of Quantum Mechanics, see [5].
On the stability of time-harmonic localized states in a disordered nonlinear medium

We study the problem of localization in a disordered one-dimensional nonlinear medium modeled by the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Devillard and Souillard have shown that almost every time-harmonic solution of this random PDE exhibits localization. We consider the temporal stability of such time-harmonic solutions and derive bounds on the location of any unstable eigenvalues. By direct numerical determination of the eigenvalues we show that these time-harmonic solutions are typically unstable, and find the distribution of eigenvalues in the complex plane. The distributions are distinctly different for focusing and defocusing nonlinearities. We argue further that these instabilities are connected with resonances in a Schrodinger problem, and interpret the earlier numerical simulations of Caputo, Newell, and Shelley, and of Shelley in terms of these instabilities. Finally, in the defocusing case we are able to construct a family of asymptotic solutions which includes the stable limiting time-harmonic state observed in the simulations of Shelley.
Vitamin D and skeletal muscle tissue and function.

This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the role of vitamin D in skeletal muscle tissue and function. Vitamin D deficiency can cause a myopathy of varying severity. Clinical studies have indicated that vitamin D status is positively associated with muscle strength and physical performance and inversely associated with risk of falling. Vitamin D supplementation has shown to improve tests of muscle function, reduce falls, and possibly impact on muscle fiber composition and morphology in vitamin D deficient older adults. Molecular mechanisms of vitamin D action on muscle tissue include genomic and non-genomic effects via a receptor present in muscle cells. Genomic effects are initiated by binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] to its nuclear receptor, which results in changes in gene transcription of mRNA and subsequent protein synthesis. Non-genomic effects of vitamin D are rapid and mediated through a cell surface receptor. Knockout mouse models of the vitamin D receptor provide insight into understanding the direct effects of vitamin D on muscle tissue. Recently, VDR polymorphisms have been described to affect muscle function. Parathyroid hormone which is strongly linked with vitamin D status also may play a role in muscle function; however, distinguishing its role from that of vitamin D has yet to be fully clarified. Despite the enormous advances in recent decades, further research is needed to fully characterize the exact underlying mechanisms of vitamin D action on muscle tissue and to understand how these cellular changes translate into clinical improvements in physical performance.
Decisional Participation and Teacher Satisfaction

The following article examines the relationship between the levels of satisfaction experienced by teachers and their state of decisional participation. Following March and Simon and Katz and Kahn, satisfaction was defined as a willingness to remain within the current school organization despite inducement to leave. Decisional participation was defined as the discrepancy between current and preferred levels of participation.
Determining the Geometry and Magnetic Parameters of Fluorinated Radicals by Simulation of Powder ESR Spectra and DFT Calculations: The Case of the Radical RCF2CF2• in Nafion Perfluorinated Ionomers

The ESR spectrum of the chain-end radical RCF2CF 2. detected in Nafion perfluorinated membranes exposed to the photo-Fenton reagent was accurately simulated by an automatic fitting procedure, using ...
Numeral component revision of totalelbow arthroplasty with numeral bone deficiency

Abstract Elbow arthroplasty is often effective in decreasing pain and restoring elbow function for individuals with a painfulelbow from rheumatoid arthritis, severe osteoarthritis, tumors, and comminuted intra-articular fractures. Because the surgical procedure has now been performed on many patients, revision of the prosthesis is sometimes required. If there is loss of distal humeral bone, revision surgery becomes more of a challenge because fixation of the prosthesis may be compromised, arm length may not be restored, and risk of neurologic injury is greater. In this article, we address these issues and report our technique of humeral component revision of total elbow arthroplasty with massive allograft bone and a long-stem prosthesis.
Who Would Claim to Be That, Who Was Not? Evaluations of an Ethnic Validation Procedure

We investigated the fairness implications of a procedure designed to validate ethnic membership. In addition, procedural justifications, or justifications before the procedure were tested as the rationale for the procedure introduced. Of 2 procedural justifications—the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the National Science Foundation (NSF)—the NSF justification was hypothesized as being perceived as more fair. Results showed that procedures designed to validate ethnic membership were evaluated as unfair under most conditions. Additionally, results indicated that procedural justifications influenced evaluations of the degree of fairness of the procedure. Implications for Lumbee American Indian Federal recognition are discussed.
Accessibility of the mitochondrial kynurenine hydroxylase reaction to exogenous and endogenous pyridine nucleotides

Abstract The outer and inner membranes of rat liver mitochondria were separated, and it was confirmed that the kynurenine hydroxylase is located in the outer membrane. In intact mitochondria the kynurenine hydroxylase could be supported by exogenous NADPH. NADPH generated from endogenous mitochondrial NADP + by the isocitric dehydrogenase reaction could not be used for the kynurenine hydroxylase reaction unless the mitochondria were solubilized by detergent. Conversely, NADP + generated by the kynurenine hydroxylase from exogenous NADPH could not be reduced by the intramitochondrial isocitric dehydrogenase unless the mitochondria were solubilized. These results provide direct evidence of a permeability barrier for pyridine nucleotides between the outer mitochondrial membrane and the inner membrane compartment.
Population dynamics of an RNA virus and its defective interfering particles in passage cultures

Background Viruses can fall prey to their defective interfering (DI) particles. When viruses are cultured by serial passage on susceptible host cells, the presence of virus-like DI particles can cause virus populations to rise and fall, reflecting predator-prey interactions between DI and virus particles. The levels of virus and DI particles in each population passage can be determined experimentally by plaque and yield-reduction assays, respectively.
Possible role of the bulge region in the pathogenesis of inflammatory scarring alopecia: lichen planopilaris as the prototype

Background: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is the prototype of scarring alopecias that mainly target the infundibuloisthmic (bulge) region of hair follicle. Hair follicle stem cells have been shown to reside in the bulge. Methods: We carried out this study to better define the possible pathogenetic role of the bulge in LPP. Thirty-five cases of LPP were studied. Multiple serial sections of biopsy specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff-diastase, and Elastic van Gieson. The following immunostains were applied: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD1a, and Ki-67. Uninvolved follicles and normal scalp biopsy specimens served as normal controls. Results: All cases showed a lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate at the bulge region. The bulb area was spared. CD8+ T cells were increased compared with CD4+ T-cell population. Langerhans' cells were decreased. Proliferating stem cells, highlighted by Ki-67, showed a marked decrease in the bulge compared with uninvolved follicles. Conclusion: Our study supports the finding that in LPP, the inflammatory infiltrate mainly involves the bulge region, where the stem cells reside. Once this area is damaged, the hair loses its potential of regrowth with resulting scarring alopecia. This is in contrast with inflammatory non-scarring alopecias such as alopecia areata, where the bulb region is targeted, sparing the stem cells.
Prenatal Stress Feminizes and Demasculinizes the Behavior of Males

Male rats were exposed to prenatal or postnatal stress, or both. The prenatally stressed males showed low levels of male copulatory behavior and high rates of female lordotic responding. Postnatal stress had no effect. The modifications are attributed to stress-mediated alterations in the ratio of adrenal to gonadal androgens during critical stages of sexual differentiation. Specifically, it appears that stress causes an increase in the weak adrenal androgen, androstenedione, from the maternal or fetal adrenal cortices, or from both, and a concurrent decrease in the potent gonadal androgen, testosterone.
A nondestructive method for measuring the complex permittivity of dielectric materials at microwave frequencies using an open transmission line resonator

The method is based on perturbing the fringing field at the open end of the transmission line by an unknown dielectric material, and is applicable not only for solid dielectric materials but also for liquids and gases. Forming or shaping of solid dielectrics is not required, but there should be a small area available for contact. Thickness of the dielectric material terminating the line does not affect the measurement unless the material is thinner than twice the spacing between conductors of the coaxial line. The experimental results obtained for some solid dielectric materials, liquids, and biological tissue shows that the method has sufficient accuracy for most applications up to about 4 GHz.
Tools and Teeth: Some Speculations Regarding Canine Reduction1

Starting with a critique of current beliefs that maxillary canine reduction in hominids was causally related to tool-use and tool-making, the article suggests that reduction took place because selection favored a different pattern of social behavior. Sexual dimorphism and aggressive intragroup behavior tend to be related in terrestrial primates. A shift in hormonal interactions is suggested, such that selection for diminution of aggressiveness resulted in a diminution of sexual dimorphism. Tool-making is seen as one of a number of cognitive reorganizations, not as a causal factor in canine reduction.
The propagation of spherically divergent stress pulses in linear viscoelastic solids

Abstract M easurements of the change in shape of spherically divergent stress pulses in three viscoelastic olids, namely polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene, have been made. The stress pulses were produced by the detonation of small explosive charges on blocks of these materials and the pulses were detected with condenser microphones. The stress amplitudes were sufficiently small for the theory of linear viscoelasticity to apply and the attenuation and dispersion of the pulses enabled values to be obtained for the real and imaginary parts of the bulk modulus. It was found that for both polyethylene and polymethylmethacrylate the ‘bulk loss’ was about one fifth of the mechanical loss in shear, while for polystyrene the bulk losses were too small for an accurate quantitative estimate to be made. It was shown, however, that for this material, also, the assumption that the bulk loss was a constant fraction of the loss in shear gave good agreement with the observed results. It is suggested that, since the bulk loss appears to follow the shear loss, the same microscopic dissipative processes may be responsible for both types of loss, since, on a molecular scale, density changes of long chain polymers must be accompanied by local shear.
A poisson regression model for two‐attribute warranty policies

We discuss the two-attribute warranty policy in which two types of warranty characteristics, such as product age and mileage in the y-year-m-mile protection plan in the automobile industry, are employed simultaneously as criteria in determining the warranty eligibility of a failed product. Based on the Poisson regression model and von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory, we develop two kinds of two-attribute warranty policies: a fixed two-attribute warranty policy in which all customers are offered the same warranty plan, and a flexible two-attribute warranty policy in which customers are permitted to choose any warranty plan among the numerous plans furnished by the producer. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the procedure for determining the optimal warranty price in the fixed two-attribute warranty model and for generating a set of warranty plans for the same warranty price in the flexible warranty model. It appears desirable from both the producers' and consumers' viewpoints to convert the classical single-attribute warranty policy into a fixed two-attribute policy or, even further, into a flexible two-attribute policy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
The carbohydrate moiety of the activator protein for glucosylceramide β-glucosidase

SAP-2 is a family of heat-stable, acidic glycoproteins which stimulate enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosylceramide. We studied the carbohydrate moieties of a ConA-binding form of SAP-2. The protein contained glucosamine, galactose, mannose, and fucose; galactosamine and sialic acid were not detectable. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining showed three bands of 6.5, 8.5, and 10 kDa. After deglycosylation with peptide N-glycosidase, SAP-2 eluted more slowly from the C4 column and showed a single band of 4 kDa. From carbohydrate analysis it was evident that deglycosylation had removed more than 90% of the sugars. These data indicate that SAP-2 possesses N-linked complex or hybrid type oligosaccharide chains. The specific activity of the deglycosylated protein in the glucosidase stimulation assay was unaffected.
An update on Argonne's AWA

The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) is a research facility which should possess unprecedented research capabilities for the study of wake fields and related areas requiring short, intense electron bunches. The AWA is designed to produce 100-nC, 14-ps (full width) electron bunches at rep rates up to 30 Hz. Phase-I of the AWA, now under construction, will provide these pulses at 20 MeV for various experiments. Current designs, related research and development, and construction status are presented in this general overview and project update. >
The design and implementation of real-time schedulers in RED-linux

Researchers in the real-time system community have designed and studied many advanced scheduling algorithms. However, most of these algorithms have not been implemented since it is very difficult to support new scheduling algorithms on most operating systems. To address this problem, we enhance the scheduling mechanism in Linux to provide a flexible scheduling framework. In the real-time and embedded Linux (RED-Linux) project, we implement a general scheduling framework which divides the system scheduler into two components: dispatcher and allocator. The dispatcher provides the mechanism of system scheduling and resides in the kernel space. The allocator is used to define the scheduling policy and implemented as a user space function. This framework allows users to implement application-specific schedulers in the user space which is easy to program and to debug. The framework also relieves the deficiency from the stock Linux scheduler which is not designed for real-time applications. To further enhance its power, a hierarchical scheduling mechanism has been provided in RED-Linux to allow a system designer to integrate different real-time applications together. Using scheduling groups, real-time jobs can be managed and scheduled in a hierarchical manner. In this paper, we discuss how the group mechanism is implemented in RED-Linux.
Revising the Nation: The Domesticated Nationalism of Ann Eliza Bleecker's The History of Maria Kittle

While White womanhood and the domestic realm have not been dominant features in the varying discourses structuring American identity, they have always had some semblance of voice and agency through...
Association between the cortisol response to opioid blockade and the Asn40Asp polymorphism at the μ‐opioid receptor locus (OPRM1)

This study examined whether a reportedly functional polymorphism in the gene encoding the μ-opioid receptor protein (A118G, which causes an Asn40Asp substitution in the receptor's extracellular domain), modifies the cortisol response to the opioid antagonist naloxone. The polymorphism occurs commonly in European Americans and some other population groups, underscoring its potential phenotypic significance. Methods: Using a balanced, within-subject design involving two test sessions over a period of 3–7 days, we examined ACTH and cortisol responses to intravenous naloxone (125 μg/kg) or placebo in 30 healthy subjects (21 males, mean age = 24.4 years). Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were measured over 120 min post infusion. DNA isolated from whole blood was PCR amplified and genotyped via restriction enzyme digestion, with genotypes assigned based on agarose gel size fractionation. Results: Subjects with one or more Asp40 alleles (n = 6; 5 heterozygotes and 1 homozygote) had significantly higher cortisol concentrations at baseline and at 15, 60, and 90 min after naloxone infusion than subjects homozygous for the Asn40 allele (n = 24). Subjects with the Asp40 allele also had a greater peak cortisol response and a greater area under the cortisol time curve than those homozygous for the Asn40 allele. There were no effects of the Asn40Asp polymorphism on plasma ACTH concentration or on self-reported anxiety or distress. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with recent reports showing an enhanced cortisol response to naloxone and a reduced agonist effect of morphine-6-glucuronide among subjects with the Asp40 variant. Given evidence of its pharmacological significance, the clinical relevance of this polymorphism warrants further investigation. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Supervised classifications of Landsat TM band ratio images and Landsat TM band ratio image with radar for geological interpretations of central Madagascar

Abstract Landsat TM and radar JERS-1 SAR (L-Band) imagery of the Itremo area, central Madagascar, were processed to emphasize structural geology features including folded quartzite ridges and plutons. TM band ratios 5/7, 5/1, 5/4∗3/4 were assigned to RGB. Band 5/7 highlights pelitic schist, band 5/1 emphasizes mafic igneous rocks, and 5/4∗3/4 distinguishes mafic from non-mafic rocks. In a second technique, band 5/7 was replaced with registered L-band radar imagery because radar is useful for differentiating between granite, granodiorite, diorite and serpentinite. The last technique evaluated in this study used the spectral information from the radar image as well as the 5/7, 5/1, 5/4∗3/4 band ratio bands. Supervised classification training sites were selected using nine classes (clouds, quartzite, schist, gneiss, gabbro and basalt, granite, vegetation, water, and cloud shadows). The band ratio classification results are fairly accurate (a confusion matrix shows an accuracy of 89.346) and correspond well with geologic maps of the area showing complexly refolded nappes of quartzite, carbonate, schist, gneiss and gabbro, intruded by late granites. The radar, 5/1, 5/4∗3/4 classification (accuracy of 89.04) shows significant differences from the band ratio classification, with fewer schist pixels displayed in the radar, 5/1, 5/4∗3/4 classification, but with greater resolution of structural features including faults, fold nappes, and foliations. More pixels are displayed as mafic gneiss, and fewer quartzites appear in the radar classification. Some areas classified as quartzite in the first classification (and on the geologic maps) were classified as clouds in the radar/band ratio classification. This indicates that the 5/7 band contains significant spectral information that the radar band does not contain, which aided in mapping quartzite. This comparison illustrates that combined use of TM band ratioing merged with radar imagery can emphasize both spectral and textural features that aid geologic mapping using supervised classifications. A third technique was examined where a supervised classification was performed on an image containing the 5/7, 5/1, 5/4∗3/4, and radar bands. The confusion matrix for this classification produced an accuracy of 91.23 which was better than either the 5/7, 5/1, 5/4∗3/4 or the radar, 5/1, 5/4∗3/4. It is preferable to keep all band ratio bands and the radar band to produce the most complete supervised classification image for geological feature discrimination.
Distinct Functions of Period2 and Period3 in the Mouse Circadian System Revealed by In Vitro Analysis

The mammalian circadian system, which is composed of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as well as other oscillators in the brain and peripheral tissues, controls daily rhythms of behavior and physiology. Lesions of the SCN abolish circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and transplants of fetal SCN tissue restore rhythmic behavior with the periodicity of the donor's genotype, suggesting that the SCN determines the period of the circadian behavioral rhythm. According to the model of timekeeping in the SCN, the Period (Per) genes are important elements of the transcriptional/translational feedback loops that generate the endogenous circadian rhythm. Previous studies have investigated the functions of the Per genes by examining locomotor activity in mice lacking functional PERIOD proteins. Variable behavioral phenotypes were observed depending on the line and genetic background of the mice. In the current study we assessed both wheel-running activity and Per1-promoter-driven luciferase expression (Per1-luc) in cultured SCN, pituitary, and lung explants from Per2(-/-) and Per3(-/-) mice congenic with the C57BL/6J strain. We found that the Per2(-/-) phenotype is enhanced in vitro compared to in vivo, such that the period of Per1-luc expression in Per2(-/-) SCN explants is 1.5 hours shorter than in Per2+/+ SCN, while the free-running period of wheel-running activity is only 11 minutes shorter in Per2(-/-) compared to Per2+/+ mice. In contrast, circadian rhythms in SCN explants from Per3(-/-) mice do not differ from Per3+/+ mice. Instead, the period and phase of Per1-luc expression are significantly altered in Per3(-/-) pituitary and lung explants compared to Per3+/+ mice. Taken together these data suggest that the function of each Per gene may differ between tissues. Per2 appears to be important for period determination in the SCN, while Per3 participates in timekeeping in the pituitary and lung.
Sino–Middle Eastern Perspectives and Relations since the Gulf War: Views from Below

China is now becoming recognized as a nation with a significant Muslim population. With nearly 18 million Muslims (the recent 1990 census reported 17.9 million, with many Muslims still unaccounted for or refusing to register as members of the primarily Muslim nationalities), China ranks among the most populous Muslim nations. And, although its Muslim population is miniscule when compared with its total population (Muslims account for less than 2% of China's 1.1 billion), or insignificant when one looks at the vast Muslim populations in other Asian nations, such as Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, nevertheless, this article argues that the Muslims of China play an important role disproportionate to their numbers in influencing China's domestic and international politics.
Aluminum foil boats for paraffin casting.

Aluminum foil, 0.0015 inches thick, has been used as a satisfactory material for the construction of boats for casting paraffin blocks. Aluminum has a coefficient of heat conduction of 0.504, as compared to 0.0003 for paper, and 0.0025 for porcelain. The faster heat conduction permits use of partial cooling as an aid to orient specimens. Two wooden forms should be used for rapid construction of smooth-surfaced boats. Some advantages of aluminum foil are: it remains in any position in which folded; the surfaces do not require coating; it is easily removed, or opened and refolded; it is not affected by age or moisture; the boats will float on water; and it is easily labeled.
Detection and lateralization of interaural differences of time and level by the blind.

The performance of blind Ss differed from that of sighted Ss on an auditory task in which both binaural cues were present, but in opposition. When the task was lateralization, the blind Ss relied more heavily on interaural time information than on interaural intensity differences, but, unlike sighted Ss, this occurred independent of their relative sensitivities to each of the two cues when presented separately in detection or lateralization tasks.
Clinical outcomes of implant abutments in the anterior region: a systematic review.

Statement of Problem The clinical outcomes of anterior implant abutments are not well reported. Purpose of the Study To systematically review the existing literature to identify survival, mechanical, biological, and esthetic outcomes of anterior implant abutments. Material and Methods An electronic search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE with specific search terms and predetermined criteria. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final list of articles was reviewed in-depth to meet the objectives of this review. Results Systematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in identification of 27 studies that described outcomes of anterior implant abutments. Because of substantial heterogeneity of data, true survival, or cumulative survival of abutments could not be calculated. However, the mean failure of abutments was 1.15%, attributable to fractures restricted to ceramic abutments. Mechanical complications included abutment screw loosening, primarily restricted to external hex implants. Biological complications included fistulas and mucosal recession. Esthetic outcomes showed lesser gingival discoloration for zirconia abutments compared with metal abutments. Conclusions Minimal anterior abutment fractures have been reported and are restricted to ceramic abutments. Studies using spectrophotometry showed lesser gingival discoloration with zirconia abutments, but there is no evidence for difference in patient's esthetic satisfaction between ceramic and metal abutments. Clinical Significance For the anterior region, selection of an implant with internal connection and a customized metal abutment (titanium or cast metal) can have the least mechanical complications. Limited existing clinical data indicate reduced peri-implant mucosal discoloration from zirconia abutments, which may be preferable over metal abutments, in patients with thinner mucosal tissues or patients with high or gummy smiles.
Navigating a path delineated by colored flags: an approach for a 2011 IGVC requirement

In this work, we address a situation presented as a new requirement for the Autonomous Challenge portion of the 2011 Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC). This new requirement is to navigate between red and green colored flags placed within the normal white painted lane lines. The regular vision algorithms had to be enhanced to reliably identify and localize the colored flags, while the Navigation algorithms had to be modified to satisfy the constraints placed on the robot while transiting through the flag region. The challenge in finding a solution was the size of the flags, the possibility of loosing them against the background, as well as their movement in the wind. The attendant possibility of false positives and negatives also needed to be addressed to increase reliability of detection. Preliminary tests on the robot have produced positive results.
The three-dimensional profile method using residue preference as a continuous function of residue environment.

In the 3-dimensional profile method, the compatibility of an amino acid sequence for a given protein structure is scored as the sum of the preferences of the residues for their environments in the 3D structure. In the original method (Bowie JU, Luthy R, Eisenberg D, 1991, Science 253:164-170), residue environments were quantized into 18 discrete environmental classes. Here, amino acid residue preferences are expressed as a continuous function of environmental variables (residue area buried and fractional area buried by polar atoms). This continuous representation of residue preferences, expressed as a Fourier series, avoids the abrupt change of preference of residues in slightly different environments, as encountered in the original method with its 18 discrete environmental classes. When compared with the discrete 18-class representation of residue environments, this continuous 3D profile is found to be more sensitive in identifying sequences that fold into the profiled structure but share with it little sequence identity. The continuous 3D profile is also less sensitive to errors in environmental variables than is the discrete 3D profile. The continuous 3D profile can also be used to detect wrong folds or incorrectly modeled segments in an otherwise correct structure, as could the discrete 3D profile (Luthy R, Bowie JU, Eisenberg D, 1992, Nature 356:83-85). Moreover, the progress of structure improvement during atomic refinement can also be monitored by examining the profile scores in a moving-window scan. Finally, by defining a functional form for profile scores, we open the way to profile atomic refinement in which an atomic structure adjusts to produce residue environments more compatible with the protein side chains.
Managing recurrent nonischemic chest pain in the emergency department

Many patients who seek emergency evaluation for recurrent chest pain have had negative cardiac evaluations, sometimes including normal coronary angiograms. Despite reassurance, many of these patients return to emergency departments with complaints of chest pain. Studies have shown that one third to one half of these patients suffer from panic disorder characterized by attacks of intense fear accompanied by chest pain or discomfort, nausea, and shortness of breath. If panic disorder is identified, it can be successfully treated. This article explores the causes of recurrent nonischemic chest pain and offers treatment recommendations.
Thinking Clearly about Evaluations of Suspected Child Abuse

Determining whether an injury in a young child is due to child abuse can be a challenging task. Although much has been written about the types of injuries that are due to abuse, little information is available about the processes of gathering data and making clinical decisions. In this article, I describe an approach to providing effective evaluations and offer 14 suggestions focused on the process of conducting an evaluation and eight focused on decision-making.
A knowledge-based conflict resolution algorithm for terminal area air traffic control advisory generation

NASA researchers, working under the Aviation System Capacity Program and in conjunction with the FAA Free Flight Program Office, have developed a set of decision support tools to assist terminal area air traffic controllers with control of arrival and departure traffic. Two of these tools, the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST) and the Expedite Departure Path (EDP) tool, provide air traffic controllers with heading, speed and altitude advisories to assist in spacing aircraft. This paper describes the conflict prediction and resolution algorithm shared by aFAST and EDP to produce conflict-free aircraft trajectories with realistic conflict resolution maneuvers. The process is accomplished in three stages: prediction, classification and resolution. A conflict prediction scheme is documented which incorporates all applicable FAA separation requirements, including automatic detection of separation during transition from staggered to simultaneous parallel approach operations. A method of classifying predicted conflicts with a limited set of criteria is detailed. Finally, a knowledge-based conflict resolution process is presented which allows for resolution of predicted conflicts in a manner consistent with controller practice: including prioritization of resolution tactics and mixture of multiple degrees of freedom to achieve separation. The scheme has been employed in both closed-loop simulations to determine solution stability and controller-in-the-loop simulations to begin development of the resolution tactics knowledge base.
Characterization of Fsc1 cDNA for a mouse sperm fibrous sheath component.

The fibrous sheath is a major cytoskeletal structure in the principal piece of the mammalian sperm flagellum. We have cloned a cDNA and used it to characterize the expression of mRNA for a mouse sperm fibrous sheath protein. Peptides from a tryptic digest of fibrous sheath proteins were separated by HPLC and a 31 amino acid sequence was obtained from one of the peptides. Through the use of degenerate oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers predicted from this sequence, an 80bp product was amplified from mouse testis first-strand cDNA. This was utilized as a probe to isolate a 2.9-kb cDNA clone from a mouse round spermatid cDNA library. Sequence analysis of the cDNA clone showed that it encodes a protein with an open reading frame of 849 amino acids and includes the original peptide sequence. The predicted protein has a molecular weight of 93 795 and contains 32 cysteine residues and 32 potential phosphorylation sites. It has no significant homology with other known cytoskeletal proteins. Northern blot analysis detected an mRNA of -3 kb that was abundant in round spermatids of the mouse and in testes from six other mammalian species, but not in twelve somatic tissues from the mouse. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that the mRNA is first detected in step 1-6 spermatids, is most abundant in step 8-12 spermatids, and decreases in amount in step 13-15 spermatids, suggesting that expression of the mRNA occurs in the postmeiotic phase of spermatogenesis. In addition, monoclonal antibody 5A8, which recognizes proteins of the mouse fibrous sheath, was used to isolate cDNAs from a mouse spermatid expression library that were found by PCR analysis to be homologous to the original cDNA clone. These results suggest that the --3-kb mRNA encodes a major structural component of the mouse fibrous sheath that appears to be a unique cytoskeletal protein of spermatogenic cells. We designate the cDNA for this fibrous sheath component Fscl.
AN IN VIVO PELVIC "OVARIAN CHAMBER" FOR DIRECT VISUALIZATION PROCEDURES.

Abstract 1. Surgical procedures subsequent to total abdominal hysterectomy in the Macaca rhesus monkey have allowed isolation of the ovaries alone in a "chamber" from which the bladder and bowel have been excluded. 2. Construction of an inert prosthetic unit that serves both as a "roof" for the "ovarian chamber" and as a value to permit vaginal endoscopy has been accomplished. 3. Instrumentation that allows cinematography of the contents (ovaries) of the "chamber" through a vaginal endoscope is described. 4. Several experimental uses to which such an "ovarian chamber" may be put are discussed briefly.
On the Margins: The Depiction of Muslims in Young Children's Picturebooks.

There are few empirical studies that examine the depiction of Muslims in children’s literature. Given the influence of US media on perspectives of Muslims (Jackson, 2010), and the pervasive use of children’s literature in American schools, it is important to investigate what viewpoints about Islam are being communicated to children through these texts. In this qualitative study, the author uses inductive content analysis to examine the depiction of Muslims in picturebooks written for young children and in English, an area of study in which very little research has been conducted. Themes that emerged within and across texts are discussed and illustrated with examples from the books in the sample. Perspectives about Islam communicated through these themes are described. The author discusses the implications of the findings for Muslims and non-Muslims, making suggestions to enhance the depiction of Muslims and make them more visible in the literature, benefitting all readers in the process.