cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invited Review: Summary of Steam-Flaking Corn or Sorghum Grain for Lactating Dairy Cows

Nineteen lactation trials (43 grain processing comparisons) are summarized, in addition to digestibility and postabsorptive metabolism studies. The net energy for lactation (NEL) of steam-flaked corn or sorghum grain is about 20% greater than the NEL for dry-rolled corn or sorghum. Based on lactational performance, steam-flaked sorghum grain is of equal value to steam-flaked corn, and steam-flaked corn is superior to steam-rolled corn. Steam-flaking of corn or sorghum compared to steam-rolling of corn or dry-rolling of corn or sorghum consistently improves milk production and milk protein yield. This result is because of a much greater proportion of dietary starch fermented in the rumen, enhanced digestibility of the smaller fraction of dietary starch reaching the small intestine, and increased total starch digestion. Steam-flaking increases cycling of urea to the gut, microbial protein flow to the small intestine, and estimated mammary uptake of amino acids. Steam-rolling compared to dry-rolling of barley or wheat did not alter total starch digestibilities in two trials, one with each grain source. Lactation studies with these processing comparisons have not been reported. Most cited studies have been with total mixed rations (TMR) and alfalfa hay as the principal forage. Additional studies are needed with lactating cows fed steam-flaked corn or sorghum in TMR containing alfalfa or corn silage. Optimal flake density of steam-processed corn or sorghum grain appears to be about 360 g/L (approximately 28 lb/bu).
The future of transplantation : With particular reference to chimerism and xenotransplantation

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The assumption for the last third of a century that stem cell-driven hematolymphopoicticchimerism was irrelevant to successful conventional whole organ transplantation hasprompted alternative inadequate explanations of organ allograft acceptance. This assumptionclouded the biologic meaning of successful organ as well as bone marrow transplantation,and precluded the development of a cardinal principle that accommodated all facets oftransplantation.Recognition of this error and the incorporation of the chimerism factor into a two-wayparadigm have allowed previous enigmas of organ as well as bone marrow engraftment tobe explained. No credible evidence has emerged to interdict this interactive concept. If thetwo-way paradigm is correct, it will allow the remarkable advances that have been made inbasic immunology to be more meaningfully exploited for transplantation, including that ofxenografts. Acknowledgments Supported by grant DK 29961 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda. Maryland.
e0609 The gender differences of red blood cell distribution width in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective To observe the changes of RDW in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 287 CHD patients diagnosed by coronary angiography were selected from Jun. 2007 to Jun. 2008. Meanwhile, 286 hypertensive patients and 302 healthy adults were enrolled as control group. Red blood cell count (RBC), Haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) was detected by full automatic haemocyte analyser (Sysmex XE-2100). Results Compared with hypertension and normal control group, the RDW of CHD group significantly increased. There was no difference between the male RDW in three groups. But the RDW of female CHD subgroup was higher than those of female hypertensive and normal subgroups (13.5±0.8 vs 13.0±0.6 vs 13.1±0.8, p Conclusion The RDW in CHD group has gender differences and only female RDW significantly increase.
Users' perceptions of university library websites: A unifying view

Abstract University libraries have invested a large amount of resources into digitizing information for the Web, yet scholars and practitioners question the value of this investment due to a lack of use of university library website resources (ULWR). Addressing this concern, researchers have investigated the use of ULWR and offered insights into the problem. However, studies have employed a single perspective rather than a comprehensive approach; as a result, the findings shed light on only part of the use issue. Also, existing studies have consistently reported that users with different academic roles have distinct usage patterns of ULWR and information sources. But they have not considered a wide range of users or systematically investigated such differences. This study examines these differences. This study examines (a) the user perspective, derived from technology adoption literature; (b) the website design perspective, embedded in human computer interaction literature; and (c) the library service quality perspective, based on information science literature. The second area is addressed by surveying a wide range of users, categorizing them based on their academic role differences, and then comparing their use of ULWR and information sources, thereby highlighting distinctive usage patterns. Research based on the responses of 315 participants shows that while users favorably rated factors derived from the perspectives of user and library service qualities for ULWR use, they perceived university library websites as somewhat difficult to use. Also, distinct user patterns are observed in this dataset.
Effect of Selected Sodium and Potassium Salts on TBA Values of Dark Meat Turkey Patties

Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were determined on stored, uncooked and cooked patties containing dark ground turkey meat and selected sodium and potassium salts. No clear association between pH of slurries made from patties and TBA values was observed. Factor analysis showed significant (P less than 0.05) main effects due to formulation, heating, storage and day of test and significant (P less than 0.05) interactions for heating x storage, heating x day, heating x formulation, heating x storage x formation, storage x day and storage x formulation. Results indicated that polyphosphates added alone were effective in retarding lipid oxidation in cooked products. There was no synergistic effect of polyphosphates combined with NaCl.
Determinants of the stability of transcription elongation complexes: interactions of the nascent RNA with the DNA template and the RNA polymerase.

We use a synthetic “primed bubble-duplex” model elongation complex developed previously to examine certain structural and thermodynamic features of the transcription elongation complex of Escherichia coli. The nucleic acid framework of this model complex consists of a linear base-paired DNA molecule with a central “bubble” of non-complementary nucleotide residues, together with a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary (at its 3′-end) to three to 12 nucleotide residues of one of the DNA strands within the bubble. RNA polymerase is added to this framework in trans, and on addition of rNTPs the resulting complex can elongate the 3′-end of the RNA primer in a template-dependent manner with functional properties that are indistinguishable from those of a “natural” promoter-initiated transcription elongation complex operating under the same conditions. In this study we use this model system to show that the formation of a stable elongation complex at any particular template position can be treated as an equilibrium process, and that semi-quantitative dissociation constants can be estimated for the complex by using a gel band-shift assay to monitor the binding of the RNA oligomer to the complex. We then show that the formation of a stable complex depends on the presence of a complementary RNA-DNA hybrid that is at least 9 bp in length, and in addition that several nucleotide residues of non-complementary RNA located upstream of the RNA-DNA hybrid bind strongly to the putative single-stranded RNA binding site of the polymerase and significantly enhance the stability of the resulting elongation complex. Finally, we demonstrate that the measured stabilities of the model constructs in which the length of the RNA-DNA hybrid is varied correlate well with the transcriptional processivity of the functioning complex that results when rNTPs are added. These findings are discussed in the context of related studies of both model systems and natural elongation complexes. The general concepts that emerge are used to define some central structural and functional features of the transcription complex.
Getting a “Hold” on NPC2

Lipoprotein cholesterol is mobilized from lysosomes by actions of the NPC1 and NPC2 proteins. In this issue of Cell Metabolism , Harrison et al. report on identification of an NPC2-interacting protein, the Nogo-B receptor, that regulates NPC2 protein levels. NPC2 stabilization may represent a novel mechanism through which cells respond to endocytosed cholesterol.
The use of potassium mercuri-selenocyanate as a reagent in qualitative microanalysis

(1) Potassium mercuri-selenocyanate was prepared and its reactions with the cobaltous, nickelous, ferric, ferrous, manganous, zinc, and cadmium ions were investigated. The limits of identification for these ions were determined. (2) The behaviour of mixtures of these ions was investigated and a large number of limiting proportions were determined. This work required the use of specially purified salts for the preparation of test solutions. (3) Potassium mercuri-selenocyanate was found to be a good reagent in testing the purity of cobalt salts. It may be used as a preliminary test in testing the purity of cobalt compounds intended for standard measurements, e. g., the determination of the atomic weight. Potassium mercuri-selenocyanate forms crystalline precipitates with the copper, nickel, and iron ions whose yellow to brown colors stand out in strong contrast to the blue of cobalt mercuri-selenocyanate. (4) The composition of potassium, zinc, and cadmium mercuriselenocyanates were found by the micro-Kjeldahl method to be K2Hg(CNSe)4, ZnHg(CNSe)4 and CdHg(CNSe)4.
Drawing the line: differentiating transudates from exudates.

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/res Involvement of the pleural mesothelium in inflammatory disease processes results in the development of an exudative pleural effusion. When the pleura itself is not inflamed and there is increased intravascular pressure, transudative effusions occur. This important concept is clearly illustrated in the paper by Alexandrakis and Bouros [1] in this issue of Respiration. They evaluated the level of interleukin-1s in pleural fluids of a large number of patients and found it lacking in both sensitivity and specificity when compared to other criteria for the differentiation of transudates from exudates. In a refreshingly candid discussion, the authors point out that although cytokines can be adequate markers for pleural effusion differentiation, they are not as sensitive, specific, or cost and time efficient as the standard tests that are easily available. Drawing the line between transudates and exudates an be an exercise in reductionism and simplistic thinking. A transudative effusion can hide a serious disease such as atelectasis secondary to a pulmonary embolism, while an exudate in a patient with heart failure may be secondary to treatment with diuretics. It is therefore critical to recognize that differentiation between transudates and exudates is artificial and not diagnostic for a particular disease entity. Rather, attention should be paid to the patient’s clinical presentation to help narrow the differential diagnosis of the pleural effusion. It is also time to draw the line on the study of cytokines as a method to differentiate between transudates and exudates. Once the pleural mesothelium has initiated an inflammatory cascade, multiple cytokines, either from the mesothelium, underlying tissues, or the recruited inflammatory cells, cause an increasing ripple-like effect of cytokines in the pleural space. As the authors of the paper clearly point out, the presence of cytokines in the pleural fluid indicate pleural pathology but should not be used as a routine laboratory test for discriminating between transudates and exudates.
3D electromagnetic parallel PIC in nonorthogonal meshes

We show results from a code designed to simulate devices such as high power microwave sources with complex three dimensional geometries. The calculations involved require the largest computers available, so the algorithms and code are designed with parallelism in mind. The code runs on the 256 processor Gray T3D parallel supercomputer at JPL, but is designed to be easily portable to other parallel platforms as well. We describe a technique for electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EMPIC) on nonorthogonal meshes in 3 dimensions. The divergence equations and second order convergence for the fields are preserved in this explicit algorithm by locating the quantities on staggered meshes and transforming between fields dotted with face normals and fields dotted with edge vectors. The domain is decomposed into "patches", each of which contains a grid that is logically cartesian but potentially nonorthogonal. The patches interact only through their boundaries, and may be distributed arbitrarily on the processors of a parallel computer. The underlying cartesian grid simplifies the structure of the electromagnetic update compared to fully unstructured grids, and allows us to track the particles positions in the underlying cartesian space. Particles are stored with each patch, and are passed to new patches when they move through a boundary. Other than for diagnostics, no global operations are required. We report on the algorithm design, numerics, verification and benchmarking for this code.
Structure and chromosomal localization of the β2 subunit of the human brain sodium channel

The beta2 subunit of rat brain voltage-gated sodium channels modulates their cell-surface expression and gating. It is a 33 kDa glycoprotein with a single transmembrane segment and an immunoglobulin-like fold resembling those of cell adhesion molecules in the extracellular domain. Here we report the cDNA sequence and genomic localization of the gene encoding the human beta2 subunit. The mature human beta2 protein has 89% amino acid sequence identity to rat beta2 and has four conserved consensus sites for N-linked glycosylation. The extracellular cysteine residues which are predicted to form the disulfide linkage in the immunoglobulin-like fold are also conserved, indicating that the overall structure is preserved between these two species. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), we localized the beta2 gene to human chromosome 11q3. Mutations in this region of chromosome 11 in Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome type 4B and in other neurological diseases cause abnormal myelination and neurological deficits. The similarity of beta2 to cell adhesion molecules, including myelin protein p0, and its chromosomal location at 11q23 suggest a potential role in these demyelinating diseases.
Distributed numerical controllers

While the basic principles of Numerical Controllers (NC) have not changed much during the years, the implementation of NCs' has changed tremendously. NC equipment has evolved from yesterday's hard-wired specialty control apparatus to today's graphics intensive, networked, increasingly PC based open systems, controlling a wide variety of industrial equipment with positioning needs. One of the newest trends in NC technology is the distributed implementation of the controllers. Distributed implementation promises to offer robustness, lower implementation costs, and a scalable architecture. Historically partitioning has been done along the hierarchical levels, moving individual modules into self contained units. The paper discusses various NC architectures, the underlying technology for distributed implementation, and relevant design issues. First the functional requirements of individual NC modules are analyzed. Module functionality, cycle times, and data requirements are examined. Next the infrastructure for distributed node implementation is reviewed. Various communication protocols and distributed real-time operating system issues are investigated and compared. Finally, a different, vertical system partitioning, offering true scalability and reconfigurability is presented.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Specification Searches in Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling: A Monte Carlo Investigation

Cluster sampling results in response variable variation both among respondents (i.e., within-cluster or Level 1) and among clusters (i.e., between-cluster or Level 2). Properly modeling within- and between-cluster variation could be of substantive interest in numerous settings, but applied researchers typically test only within-cluster (i.e., individual difference) theories. Specifying a between-cluster model in the absence of theory requires a specification search in multilevel structural equation modeling. This study examined a variety of within-cluster and between-cluster sample sizes, intraclass correlation coefficients, start models, parameter addition and deletion methods, and Type I error control techniques to identify which combination of start model, parameter addition or deletion method, and Type I error control technique best recovered the population of the between-cluster model. Results indicated that a “saturated” start model, univariate parameter deletion technique, and no Type I error contr...
First Record of the Cicada Tibicen pruinosus in Colorado, with a Key to Colorado Species of Tibicen (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

ARSTRACT. Tibicen pruinosus (Say)—a large, arboreal cicada typically found in the central United States—is reported for the first time from Colorado. This new state record represents a significant western extension of this cicada's known range. Also reported are new records from Kansas that link the Colorado population to the previously known distribution of T. pruinosus. These results suggest that T. pruinosus has expanded its range westward, likely facilitated by human-induced changes in vegetation on the Great Plains. They also indicate the effectiveness of acoustic surveys as a tool for studying cicada distributions. Finally, an updated key including all 7 species of Tibicen now known from Colorado is provided.
Statistical Analysis of Variation in Laboratory Growth of Carbon Nanotube Forests and Recommendations for Improved Consistency

While many promising applications have been demonstrated for vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests, lack of consistency in results (e.g., CNT quality, height, and density) continues to hinder knowledge transfer and commercialization. For example, it is well known that CNT growth can be influenced by small concentrations of water vapor, carbon deposits on the reactor wall, and experiment-to-experiment variations in pressure within the reaction chamber. However, even when these parameters are controlled during synthesis, we found that variations in ambient lab conditions can overwhelm attempts to perform parametric optimization studies. We established a standard growth procedure, including the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) recipe, while we varied other variables related to the furnace configuration and experimental procedure. Statistical analysis of 280 samples showed that ambient humidity, barometric pressure, and sample position in the CVD furnace contribute significantly to experiment-to-exp...
Novel extrusion system for the encapsulation of drug releasing bio-medical micro-robots

This paper examines the design and testing of a novel extrusion system for the biocompatible coating of drug delivering micro-robots. The encapsulation system creates monodisperse droplets of sodium alginate containing the micro-robots within a coaxial laminar flow of a continuous oil phase. The extrusion process allows the experimenter to control the size of the drug carrying droplets which have been subsequently tested as vehicles to deliver a model drug (Horseradish peroxidase). Comparison with other coating techniques such as dip-coating shows significant increase in the drug storing capacity. A demonstration of the use of ultrasound as a possible trigger of the drug release has also been presented. The significant increase in the observed drug release rate shows enhancement over previously tested passive diffusion and magnetic modulation methods. Together, these two aspects of micro-robotic drug delivery concept introduce a new approach to drug-delivering micro-robots with large drug-storage capacity, ability to propel the robots using magnetic forces, and trigger the drug-release by remote application of ultrasonic stimulation.
AUDIO-VISUAL BIOMETRIC RECOGNITION BY VECTOR QUANTIZATION

We present a Vector Quantization based bimodal (speech and face) biometric recognition method which delivers high performance amidst noise, illumination variations and occlusions (disguised mode) while requiring very little training data, memory storage and complexity of operation. A transform VQ method delivers good face-recognition performance and a Text Dependent VQ method provides good recognition performance using speech. Simple fusion of two leads to a wider separation between the user-clusters in the combined feature space, leading to high performance.
A general stiffness model for programmable matter and modular robotic structures

The fields of modular reconfigurable robotics and programmable matter study how to compose functionally useful systems from configurations of modules. In addition to the external shape of a module configuration, the internal arrangement of modules and bonds between them can greatly impact functionally relevant mechanical properties such as load bearing ability. A fast method to evaluate the mechanical property aids the search for an arrangement of modules achieving a desired mechanical property as the space of possible configurations grows combinatorially. We present a fast approximate method where the bonds between modules are represented with stiffness matrices that are general enough to represent a wide variety of systems and follows the natural modular decomposition of the system. The method includes nonlinear modeling such as anisotropic bonds and properties that vary as components flex. We show that the arrangement of two types of bonds within a programmable matter systems enables programming the apparent elasticity of the structure. We also present a method to experimentally determine the stiffness matrix for chain style reconfigurable robots. The efficacy of applying the method is demonstrated on the CKBot modular robot and two programmable matter systems: the Rubik's snake folding chain toy and a right angle tetrahedron chain called RATChET7mm. By allowing the design space to be rapidly explored we open the door to optimizing modular structures for desired mechanical properties such as enhanced load bearing and robustness.
A Stem Cell Molecular Signature

Mechanisms regulating self-renewal and cell fate decisions in mammalian stem cells are poorly understood. We determined global gene expression profiles for mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells and other stages of the hematopoietic hierarchy. Murine and human hematopoietic stem cells share a number of expressed gene products, which define key conserved regulatory pathways in this developmental system. Moreover, in the mouse, a portion of the genetic program of hematopoietic stem cells is shared with embryonic and neural stem cells. This overlapping set of gene products represents a molecular signature of stem cells.
Design and Validation of MAPS for Educators: A Performance Support System to Guide Media Selection for Lesson Design

The importance of adopting technology-supported performance systems for on-the-job learning and training is well-recognized in a networked economy. In this study, we present a performance support system (PSS) designed to support technology integration for lesson design. The goal is to support educators in the development of appropriate and effective technology integration strategies for learning and training events. The system is based on the PSS design architecture created by Hung and Chao (2007) called Matrix-Aided Performance System (MAPS). MAPS was created to minimize navigational confusion and enhance users' comprehension and synthesis of information gathered from the PSS. Fifteen educators and instructional technologists were invited to evaluate the system's readiness as well as to identify potential practical constraints that might hinder its use in a real-world setting. Findings from a perception survey and focus group interviews confirm the beneficial effects of the unified interface on navigation and orientation of content materials. Feedback provided by participants to improve the system interaction and functionality are also reported to further validate the design architecture of MAPS.
Toward a Theory of Aesthetic Learning Experiences

The purpose of this article is to reveal ways to provide the opportunity for students to have aesthetically engaged learning experiences. Using John Dewey’s ideas from Art as Experience as a framew...
Patient-Focused Models of Care

The structure and the process for delivering patient care will experience major changes during the next decade. Most hospitals have tried different alternatives, including restructuring, re-engineering, redesign, and the return to patient-focused care. Staffing strategies may successfully move nurses from total patient care to delegated, shared accountability. During their short stays, new parents and their neonates receive streamlined, intensely focused care from cross-trained workers in a patient-focused care environment. Each interaction becomes a meaningful and educational one, with the focal point being the mother and the family.
Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in two warm temperate reservoirs: association of taxonomic composition with temperature

Variations in phytoplankton composition were observed over 2.7 years in two warm temperate reservoirs in north central Texas, Joe Pool Lake (JPL) and Eagle Mountain Lake (EML), and analysed in relation to temperature, light, dissolved nutrients, seston nutrient ratios and hydrological variables. The dominant variations in both phytoplankton composition and environmental variables were seasonal and strongly related to the annual temperature cycle. Phytoplankton composition was annually periodic, with filamentous cyanobacteria, pennate diatoms and chlorophytes dominant in summer, while other chlorophytes, centric diatoms, cryptophytes, dinoflagellates and other flagellates either dominated in other seasons or remained abundant year round. The seasonal dynamics of several major taxa could be represented by a niche response model based on temperature alone, although seasonal variations in many environmental variables likely contributed to variation in phytoplankton composition. Such seasonal variations dominated these data, but interannual variation in phytoplankton composition and environmental variables also appeared to result from dry weather late in the study.
Immune and idiopathic neutropenia

Neutropenia is often attributed to immunologically mediated injury to mature neutrophils or their precursors. Clinically it is useful to classify immune mediated neutropenias as isoimmune, autoimmune (including some drug-associated neutropenias), and idiopathic (cases possibly with an immune mechanism). Isoimmune neutropenia occurs in infancy and the antigen and is an isoform of CD16. This condition usually resolves spontaneously. For other forms of immune neutropenia the antigens are not yet well defined and the diagnosis is usually based on clinical criteria. In these patients availability of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a major advance; most respond quickly to treatment with this growth factor.
Molecular control of neuronal migration

Our understanding of neuronal migration has been advanced by multidisciplinary approaches. At the cellular level, tangential and radial modes of neuronal migration contribute to different populations of neurons and have differential dependence on glial cells. At the molecular level, extracellular guidance cues have been identified and intracellular signal transduction pathways are beginning to be revealed. Interestingly, mechanisms guiding axon projection and neuronal migration appear to be conserved with those for chemotactic leukocytes.
FDA's proactive role in the development of an artificial pancreas for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

One of the critical path initiatives of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to accelerate the development and availability of a safe and effective artificial pancreas for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The FDA has established a multidisciplinary group of scientists and clinicians, in partnership with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), to address the clinical, scientific and regulatory challenges related to this unique medical product.
A novel learning method for intelligent agents

The objective of the study is to synthesize a learning model capable of successful and effective operation in hard-to-model environments. The authors present a structurally simple and functionally flexible model. The model follows the learning patterns experienced by the humans. The novelty of the adaptive model lies in the knowledge base, dual learning strategy, and flexible reasoning. The knowledge base is allowed to grow for as long as the agent lives. Learning is brought about by the interaction between two qualitatively different activities leaving long-term and short-term marks on the behavior of the agent. The agent reaches conclusions using approximate reasoning. The focus of the model, the agent, starts life with a blank knowledge base. It learns as it lives. Classifiers are used to represent individual experiences. We demonstrate the functioning of the model through a case study.
Computer Games: Eight Pieces Cannot Cover a Chess Board

The problem of maximising the number of squares on a chess board which can be attacked by a configuration of the eight main pieces was first posed in 1849. We report on a computer search which proves that at most 63 squares can be simultaneously attacked, and we give results for other variations of the problem. Our search technique, which pruned the space of 2.27×10 12 positions to 1.03×10 8 , is of independent interest
Petri Net Analysis Using Decision Diagrams

This tutorial provides an introduction to the most important classes of decision diagrams and their applications in the area of verification and stochastic or timed modeling. In particular, we show how structured representations can greatly reduce the memory and time required for state-space generation, CTL model checking, numerical solution of Markov chains, and reachability analysis of nondeterministic integer-timed models. We use Petri nets (PNs) as the high-level model specification language, but the algorithms and data-structures presented are widely applicable to many other formalisms commonly used to describe discrete-state systems.
Judith Preissle: The Coming of Age of a Qualitative Researcher: The Impact of Qualitative Research in Education Past, Present, and Future

Im Brennpunkt dieses Gesprachs steht die professionelle und intellektuelle Entwicklung von Judith PREISSLE. Insbesondere eingegangen wird auf ihre Ausbildung und auf die Herausforderungen, denen sie sich im Laufe ihrer akademischen Karriere hat stellen mussen. PREISSLE berichtet zunachst von dem Anfangen qualitativer Methodik in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, dann von ihrer aktuellen Tatigkeit an der University of Georgia (Athens, Georgia, USA) – von dem dort stetig wachsenden Eingang qualitativer Forschung in universitare Curricula und von der Betreuung von Studierenden, die erst beginnen zu lernen, qualitative Methoden in ihren Arbeiten zu verwenden. Zuletzt lasst PREISSLE uns an einigen grundlegenden Einsichten aus ihrer langen Arbeit als qualitative Forscherin und an ihren Prognosen zur Zukunft qualitativer Forschung teilhaben. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0403206
Hyperdiploidy and E2A-PBX1 fusion in an adult with t(1;19)+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report and review of the literature.

The t(1;19)(q23;p13), detected cytogenetically in 5–6% of cases, is one of the most common translocations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Most t(1;19)+ ALLs are pseudodiploid or contain fewer than 50 chromosomes, are classified as pre-B based on expression of cytoplasmic, but not surface, immunoglobulin (clg+/slg−), express a characteristic pattern of cell surface antigens, and contain E2A-PBX1 fusion mRNAs. A minority of cases are early pre-B (clg−/slg−), do not express the characteristic pattern of cell surface antigens, and lack E2A-PBX1 fusion mRNAs. These latter cases are frequently hyperdiploid, with a modal chromosome number of 55–57. The incidence of the t(1;19) in adults with ALL (∼3%) appears to be similar to that observed in children, but the genetic and immunophenotypic features of adult t(1;19)+ ALL have not been described extensively. We report a case of t(1;19)+ ALL occurring in a 38-year-old man in the setting of hyperdiploidy >50. Despite this feature, this case was pre-B, conformed to the classic t(1;19) immunophenotype, and expressed E2A-PBX1 fusion mRNAs. This prompted us to review the published literature on ploidy and genetic features of t(1;19)+ ALLs. Overall, E2A-PBX1 fusion occurred in 95% (102/107) of t(1;19)+ B-lineage ALLs with 50 or fewer chromosomes, 80% of which were pseudodiploid, vs. only 25% (2/8) of t(1;19)+ ALLs with more than 50 chromosomes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 20:392–398 (1997).© 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
141 Age Greater Than 70 Is Associated with Diminished Post-Lung Transplant Survival

was performed. Results: There was no correlation between pre-transplant DSA and the development of BOS (BOS stage 2/3 vs 0/1) p 0.22, or stages of BOS p 0.48. Similarly, there was no correlation between any of the pretransplant clinical factors and the development of BOS in patients surviving greater than one year in the presence of preformed DSA or non-DSA. Graft ischaemic time, HLA-mismatches, underlying disease and number of infections requiring hospital admission after transplantation did not have significant impact on the presence of BOS. Conclusions: Whilst pre-transplant donor specific HLA antibodies are known to have a deleterious effect on graft outcome in the early posttransplant period, it would appear from this preliminary data that in patients who survive despite having DSA there is no effect on subsequent development of BOS.
Achalasia and chronic opiate use: innocent bystanders or associated conditions?

Summary High-resolution manometry identifies three subtypes of achalasia. However, type 3 differs from classic achalasia. Although opiates affect esophageal motility, opiate use and achalasia have not been studied. Patients with a new diagnosis of achalasia at Mayo Clinic Rochester between June 1, 2012 and January 3, 2014 were identified. Clinical records were reviewed to assess symptoms, opiate use, and therapy. Fifty-six patients with achalasia were identified, 14 (25%) were on opiates. Opiate prescription was unrelated to achalasia in all cases, with chronic back and joint pain constituting the majority. Of patients on opiates, five (36%) had type 3 achalasia compared with four (10%) not on opiates (P = 0.02). No patients on opiates had type 1 achalasia. Clinical presentation did not differ with opiates, although those on opiates were more likely to report chest pain (39 vs. 14%, P = 0.05) and less likely to have esophageal dilation (62 vs. 82%, P = 0.13), none with greater than 5-cm diameter. Contractile vigor was greater with opiate use, with distal contractile integral of 7149 versus 2615.5 mmHg/cm/second (P = 0.08). Treatment response was inferior on opiates, with persistent symptoms in 22% compared with 3% without opiates (P = 0.06). Opiate use is common in type 3 achalasia, with the majority of patients on opiates. No patients on opiates were diagnosed with type 1 achalasia. Manometric findings of type 3 achalasia mimic those induced by opiates, suggesting a physiologic mechanism for opiate induced type 3 achalasia. Treatment outcome is inferior with opiates, with opiate cessation perhaps preferable. Further studies assessing opiate use and achalasia are needed.
Evaluation of probation/parole scheduling via simulation

A simulation model of the operations of a proposed change in the frequency-of-contact rules for Hennepin County (Minnesota) was developed. In the proposed rules, a subset of criminal offenders is required to meet face-to-face with corrections officers at specified intervals. We report on the modeling activities and challenges, the experiments carried out, the results of the study, and public-policy implications.
Dissolved hydrogen, facultatively anaerobic, hydrogen‐producing bacteria, and potential hydrogen production rates in the western North Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico1,2

Dissolved hydrogen, the number of facultatively anaerobic, hydrogen-producing bacteria, and potential hydrogen production rates were measured at six stations in the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico in spring 1984. Dissolved hydrogen concentrations were near atmospheric equilibrium at the surface and decreased rapidly with depth. The number of facultative hydrogen producers, enumerated by an immunofluorescence technique, varied from 7 to 644 cells ml-‘. At several stations, the maximum number of hydrogen-producer cells coincided with a subsurface dissolved hydrogen maximum and particle maximum. The results indicate that dissolved hydrogen concentrations are governed by a complex set of mechanisms with facultatively anaerobic, hydrogen-producing bacteria having a role in hydrogen production.
sidecar pollen, an Arabidopsis thaliana male gametophytic mutant with aberrant cell divisions during pollen development

During pollen development each product of meiosis undergoes a stereotypical pattern of cell divisions to give rise to a three-celled gametophyte, the pollen grain. First an asymmetric mitosis generates a larger vegetative cell and a smaller generative cell, then the generative cell undergoes a second mitosis to give rise to two sperm cells. It is unknown how this pattern of cell divisions is controlled. We have identified an Arabidopsis gene, SIDECAR POLLEN, which is required for the normal cell division pattern during pollen development. In the genetic background of the NoO ecotype, sidecar pollen heterozygotes have about 45% wild-type pollen, 48% aborted pollen and 7% pollen with an extra cell. Homozygous sidecar pollen plants have about 20% wild-type pollen, 53% aborted pollen and 27% extra-celled pollen. Similar ratios of sidecar pollen phenotypes are seen in the Columbia ecotype but sidecar pollen is a gametophytic lethal in the Landsberg erecta ecotype. Thus this allele of sidecar pollen shows differential gametophytic penetrance and variable expressivity in different genetic backgrounds. The extra cell has the cell identity of a vegetative cell and is produced prior to any asymmetric microspore mitosis. Pollen tetrad analysis directly demonstrates that SIDECAR POLLEN is indeed expressed in male gametophytes. To our knowledge, scp is the first male gametophytic mutation to be described in Arabidopsis.
Validity and Automad Scoring: It's Not Only the Scoring

What are the validity issues involved in automated scoring of tests? What is the nature of the interplay among construct definition, task design, examinee interface, tutorial, test development tools, and automated scoring and reporting?
Acción colectiva y prácticas políticas juveniles

This article is intended to inform the foundings regarding characteristics and analysis of the constitutive components and functioning of the non formal agg...
EPISTEMIC CURIOSITY AND MAN'S HIGHER NATURE

drives associated with the kinds of behavior central to the development of culture, knowledge, and art or in orher words the formulation of man's higher nature Two groups (Ns = 26, 38) were given a pretest, postrest, and retest. Items answered correctly on the retest and not answered on either the pre- or posttest were used as a measure of the student's curiosity. Correlations were determined between the curiosity scores and scores for the Iowa High School Content Examination, scores for the Michigan Vocabulary Test, scores for stable and fluctusting memory, and scores for incorrect responses. Mean differences between the 10 highest and the 10 lowest curiosity scores for Group 1 and berween the 14 highest and 14 lowest scores for Group 2 were significant. Rank ordering of scores (highest to lowest) showed that individuals with high scores for curiosity consistently scored high i~. mosr subject areas tested, possessed a stable memory, and made very few incorrect responses. The evidence seems to support Gordon's contention. Berlyne (4) defines epistemic curiosity as a drive reducible by rehearsal of knowledge. Curiosity of this type may be inferred in an individual when a quescion arises that demands an answer. It is satisfied when an acceptable answer is realized. Thus curiosity is a basic factor in the enlargement of an individual's experience. Gordon (8) states that curiosity involves a "reaching out" to the environmenr by an inquiring organism and that this reaching out provides its own rewards. He argues that this type of drive may be involved in determining the kinds of behavior central to the development of culture, knowledge, and art or in ocher words central to cultural achievement or the formulation of man's higher nanire. Recent research completed by Berlyne (4), Hebb (9), and Samuels ( 14) indicates that the ctlriosicy drive may have its locus in the reticular formation of the brain and a state of rest is achieved only through the creation of activity and srim~ilation which will sarisfy che need. The curiosity drive thus operates to increase activity and stimulation as a means of reducing need. Various methods have been used to measure the degree of curiosity exhibited by a person. The typical method of measuring curiosity however utilizes a laboratory sirnation. Berlyne ( 1, 2, 3) administered a pre- and posttest separated by a period in which Ss were allowed freely to observe and manipulate materials relative to che tests. Those with the greatest increase in scores from pre- co posttest were considered to have participaced in the greatesr amounc of curiosity-type behavior.
Person‐Centered Approaches to Understanding Early Family Risk

Research consistently indicates that exposure to early family adversity is associated with compromised development in early childhood. Consequently, researchers, direct service workers, and policy makers have sought to understand and alleviate the multidimensional stressors faced by families during the prenatal and early childhood periods. Person-centered approaches are one method of understanding the interplay of risk factors. The present review synthesizes current person-centered research investigating social and economic risk factors during the prenatal and early childhood periods, and summarizes how person-centered approaches have advanced the understanding of early family risk and later child adaptive functioning. Results are discussed in the context of the family during early childhood development, with a discussion of clinical and prevention-based implications.
How to Make a Nutritional Diagnosis

Perhaps no other field in medicine is more annoying—and challenging—to today’s practicing physician than nutrition. It is ironic that while it is public knowledge that physicians rarely receive adequate training in nutrition, patients are often walking recipes of unsavory stews of nutrition information and misinformation. While few patients would claim to be experts in the more esoteric aspects of health, the lay press, health food stores and grandma herself repeat old nutrition fables with fervor and periodically invent new ones to keep the physician off guard.
Implicit filtered PN for high-energy density thermal radiation transport using discontinuous Galerkin finite elements

In this work, we provide a fully-implicit implementation of the time-dependent, filtered spherical harmonics (FPN) equations for non-linear, thermal radiative transfer. We investigate local filtering strategies and analyze the effect of the filter on the conditioning of the system, showing in particular that the filter improves the convergence properties of the iterative solver. We also investigate numerically the rigorous error estimates derived in the linear setting, to determine whether they hold also for the non-linear case. Finally, we simulate a standard test problem on an unstructured mesh and make comparisons with implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) calculations.
Long-Term Outcome of Administration of c-kit(POS) Cardiac Progenitor Cells After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Transplanted Cells Do not Become Cardiomyocytes, but Structural and Functional Improvement and Proliferation of Endogenous Cells Persist for at Least One Year.

Rationale:Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) improve left ventricular remodeling and function after acute or chronic myocardial infarction. However, the long-term (>5 weeks) effects, potential tumorigenicity, and fate of transplanted CPCs are unknown. Objective:To assess the outcome of CPC therapy at 1 year. Methods and Results:Female rats underwent a 90-minute coronary occlusion; 4 hours after reperfusion, they received intracoronarily vehicle or 1 million male, syngeneic CPCs. One year later, CPC-treated rats exhibited smaller scars and more viable myocardium in the risk region, along with improved left ventricular remodeling and regional and global left ventricular function. No tumors were observed. Some transplanted (Y-chromosomePOS) CPCs (or their progeny) persisted and continued to proliferate, but they failed to acquire a mature cardiomyocyte phenotype and were too few (4–8% of nuclei) to account for the benefits of CPC therapy. Surprisingly, CPC transplantation triggered a prolonged proliferative res...
Structure and bonding of group 4-nickel heterobimetallics supported by 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyrrolide ligands

The synthesis of a full series of group 4/nickel complexes supported by a 2-(diphenylphosphino)pyrrolide (NP) ligand is reported. Treatment of the homoleptic, 8-coordinate M(NP)4 monometallic precursors with Ni(COD)2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) yielded the heterobimetallic complexes (κ2-NP)M(μ2-NP)3Ni (M = Ti, Zr, Hf). Although X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals similarly short metal–metal distances in all three complexes, quantum chemical calculations indicate that ZrNi (5) and HfNi (6) contain only single Ni → M dative bonds while TiNi (4) has an additional Ti–Ni π-bond. All three complexes have quasireversible reductions by cyclic voltammetry, and 1-electron chemical reduction of 4 by Na(Hg) yields the anion, [Na][(κ2-NP)Ti(μ2-NP)3Ni] (7). X-ray and computational analysis indicate that the 1-electron reduction of 4 completely breaks the metal–metal bond, yielding a formally TiIII–Ni0 complex. Ti–Ni bonding can also be disrupted by coordination of CO, wherein Ni → CO backbonding effectively outcompetes Ni → Ti dative bonding.
Cash Settlement and Futures Price Volatility: Evidence from Options Data

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) abandoned the live hog futures contract (physical delivery) in December 1996 and replaced it with the lean hog futures contract (cash settlement), with the intention of improving the effectiveness of the contract as a risk management tool. This paper applies implied volatility derived from options on live/lean hog futures contracts to examine the possible effects of cash settlement on futures price volatility. Using different data windows and applying different model specifications, it is found that the hog futures price has become less volatile, thus improving the risk management function of the futures contract, since the adoption of cash settlement.