cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Letter-naming time as a function of set familiarity and symbol distinctiveness

Two symbol-naming experiments were conducted assessing the dependence of Fitts and Switzer's set-familiarity effect upon symbol distinctiveness. Sixty college males named printed letters presented in a strobotron tachistoscope, the letter always being selected from a preannounced set of three. A voice key detected the response. Experiment I found the Fitts and Switzer finding to be a joint effect: response latency for naming the symbol B in the unfamiliar but distinctive set, VBO, was intermediate to that for the familiar distinctive set, ABC, and the unfamiliar, homolographic set, PBE, the two sets used by Fitts and Switzer. Experiment II, a factorial combination of set familiarity and symbol distinctiveness yielded a significant interaction such that with homolographic symbols, set familiarity was associated with an increase in reaction time. The results were interpreted as consistent with an hypothesis that the set-familiarity effect relates to symbol-identification time as opposed to response-identifi...
Transfer of indoxacarb among workers of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): effects of dose, donor:recipient ratio and post-exposure time.

Horizontal transfer of indoxacarb among workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was examined under laboratory conditions. The effects of dose (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 or 200ng AI per donor), donor:recipient ratio (1:1, 1:4 or 1:9) and post-exposure time (2, 4, 8, 16, 20 and 24days) on lethal transfer of indoxacarb were investigated using a donor/recipient model in groups of 100 workers. Transfer of lethal doses from donors to recipients was evidenced by significant recipient mortality in 13 out of 15 treatments within 24days post-exposure. Dosage significantly affected indoxacarb transfer. Higher doses resulted in greater recipient mortality than lower doses. The highest dose tested resulted in 100% death of recipients and donors within 20days. A dose of 100ng resulted in recipient mortalities ranging from 68 to 100%, whereas doses ≤50ng killed <60% of recipients within 24days. Donor:recipient ratio also had considerable effect on indoxacarb transfer. At 24days post-exposure, greater recipient mortalities were observed at ratios ≥1:4 at doses ≥20ng, but only at a ratio 1:1 at dose 10ng. Recipient mortality increased significantly as post-exposure time increased. The higher the doses applied on donors, the shorter were the times required for the onset of recipient mortality to occur and for recipients to reach maximum mortality. Significantly greater recipient mortalities were not observed at doses 20 and 50ng until more than 20days post-exposure, indicating a delayed activity of indoxacarb. Possible transfer mechanisms are discussed.  2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Learning on governance in forest ecosystems: Lessons from recent research

Research on forest governance has intensified in recent decades with evidence that efforts to mitigate deforestation and encourage sustainable management have had mixed results. This article considers the progress that has been made in understanding the range of variation in forest governance and management experiences. It synthesizes findings of recent interdisciplinary research efforts, with particular attention to work conducted through the Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change and the International Forestry Resources and Institution Research Program. By identifying areas of progress, lessons learned, and challenges for successful forest governance, the discussion points to policy implications and priorities for research. Research on forest governance has intensified in recent decades with evidence that efforts to mitigate deforestation and encourage sustainable management have had mixed results. This article considers the progress that has been made in understanding the range of variation in forest governance and management experiences. It synthesizes findings of recent interdisciplinary research efforts, which indicate that sustainable management of forest resources is associated with secure rights, institutions that fit the local context, and monitoring and enforcement. At the same time, the variability in local contexts and interactions of social, political, economic and ecological processes across levels and scales of analysis create uncertainties for the design and maintenance of sustainable forest governance. By identifying areas of progress, lessons learned, and gaps in knowledge, the discussion suggests priorities for further research. Research on forest governance has intensified in recent decades with evidence that efforts to mitigate deforestation and encourage sustainable management have had mixed results. This article considers the progress that has been made in understanding the range of variation in forest governance and management experiences. It synthesizes findings of recent interdisciplinary research efforts, which indicate that sustainable management of forest resources is associated with secure rights, institutions that fit the local context, and monitoring and enforcement. At the same time, the variability in local contexts and interactions of social, political, economic and ecological processes across levels and scales of analysis create uncertainties for the design and maintenance of sustainable forest governance. By identifying areas of progress, lessons learned, and gaps in knowledge, the discussion suggests priorities for further research.
A general approach to DNA-programmable atom equivalents

Nanoparticles can be combined with nucleic acids to programme the formation of three-dimensional colloidal crystals where the particles' size, shape, composition and position can be independently controlled. However, the diversity of the types of material that can be used is limited by the lack of a general method for preparing the basic DNA-functionalized building blocks needed to bond nanoparticles of different chemical compositions into lattices in a controllable manner. Here we show that by coating nanoparticles protected with aliphatic ligands with an azide-bearing amphiphilic polymer, followed by the coupling of DNA to the polymer using strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (also known as copper-free azide-alkyne click chemistry), nanoparticles bearing a high-density shell of nucleic acids can be created regardless of nanoparticle composition. This method provides a route to a virtually endless class of programmable atom equivalents for DNA-based colloidal crystallization.
On assessing the cost of TRIPS implementation

Efforts to ensure that intellectual property rights are respected and protected world-wide have met increasing resistance by critics who see extreme imbalances in the costs and benefits of implementing stronger intellectual property protection. The WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) attracts particular criticism as an enforceable multilateral embodiment of these efforts. While few disagree that developed countries stand to benefit more in the short term from TRIPS implementation than developing countries, precisely estimating associated costs and benefits is challenging. This paper comments on an approach to estimating the ‘indirect’ costs of implementing TRIPS proposed by McCalman (2001) and argues that the approach overestimates the costs born by developing countries. Specifically, this overestimation is due primarily to an inadequate representation of the TRIPS Agreement and a counterfactual assumption that countries would not have strengthened their intellectual property policies in the absence of the TRIPS Agreement.
Length scale of the finite-amplitude meanders of shelfbreak fronts

AbstractThrough combining analytical arguments and numerical models, this study investigates the finite-amplitude meanders of shelfbreak fronts characterized by sloping isopycnals outcropping at both the surface and the shelfbreak bottom. The objective is to provide a formula for the meander length scale that can explain observed frontal length scale variability and also be verified with observations. Considering the frontal instability to be a mixture of barotropic and baroclinic instability, the derived along-shelf meander length scale formula is [b1/(1 + a1S1/2)]NH/f, where N is the buoyancy frequency; H is the depth of the front; f is the Coriolis parameter; S is the Burger number measuring the ratio of energy conversion associated with barotropic and baroclinic instability; and a1 and b1 are empirical constants. Initial growth rate of the frontal instability is formulated as [b2(1 + a1S1/2)/(1 + a2αS1/2)]NH/L, where α is the bottom slope at the foot of the front, and a2 and b2 are empirical constants...
Are unmet breastfeeding expectations associated with maternal depressive symptoms

Abstract Objective Most US women intend and initiate breastfeeding, yet many do not breastfeed as long as desired. Not meeting one's own prenatal expectations is a plausible mechanism for the previously observed association between lack of breastfeeding and postpartum depression (PPD). This study explored whether meeting prenatal expectations for exclusive breastfeeding was associated with PPD symptoms. Methods The 2005 Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPSII) followed US mothers, primarily white women with higher education and income, from midpregnancy to 1 year postpartum. Depressive symptoms were defined as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) of 10 or higher, measured at 2 months postpartum. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the odds of maternal depressive symptoms as a function of meeting prenatal expectations for exclusive breastfeeding, accounting for breastfeeding behavior, demographics, and postnatal experiences. Results Among IFPSII participants, 1501 intended exclusive breastfeeding and completed the EPDS. At 2 months, 589 (39.2%) had met prenatal expectations for exclusive breastfeeding. EPDS was 10 or higher for 346 participants (23.1%). Adjusted odds of depressive symptoms were lower among women meeting prenatal exclusive breastfeeding expectations versus those who were not (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.96). In subgroup analysis, there was no association between met expectations and depressive symptoms among women with lower incomes ( Conclusions Among middle- and higher-income women who intended exclusive breastfeeding, those meeting prenatal breastfeeding expectations reported fewer PPD symptoms at 2 months postpartum. Clinician understanding and support of maternal expectations may improve maternal mental health.
Hematologic effects of short-term oral diethylcarbamazine treatment given to chronically feline leukemia virus-infected cats

Diethylcarbamazine (N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-1-piperazine carboxamide [DEC]) is widely used, especially in tropical regions, to prevent and treat filariasis. The antifilarial effect of this drug has been attributed to immunomodulation. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that DEC may mitigate the course of feline leukemia virus infection (FeLV) in cats. Previous studies have suggested that continuous oral DEC treatment given shortly after evidence of FeLV infection prevents or delays lymphopenia and prolongs survival. The present study focuses on the hematologic effects of one month oral DEC treatment given to adult chronically FeLV-infected cats and uninfected cats as compared to untreated FeLV-infected cats. Such treatment frequently resulted in abruptly lowered peripheral lymphocyte counts in chronically FeLV-infected cats. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether administration of DEC could eliminate circulating retroviral-infected cells.
Prader-Willi Syndrome A Review for Pediatric Nutrition Professionals

Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex, multidimensional disease affecting approximately 1 in 8000 to 1 in 50 000 individuals. Although there is an abundance of data available regarding Prader-Willi syndrome, there are few sources of compiled, nutritionally pertinent information. Nutrition intervention is currently the only treatment for Prader-Willi syndrome, and therefore it is critical that nutrition professionals have an understanding of the disease. This review provides background information regarding Prader-Willi syndrome and the causes of obesity and hyperphagia, as well as outlines current nutritional recommendations and strategies for working with individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome. It is recommended that the diet of these children be strictly controlled and structure provided, yet it is important to allow for some flexibility to enhance quality of life. Behavioral issues also need to be considered as they render it a challenge for parents to impose restrictions on their children’s eating patterns.
Sutureless laparoscopic heminephrectomy using laser tissue soldering

Background and Purpose: Widespread application of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has been limited by the lack of a reliable means of attaining hemostasis. We describe laser tissue welding using human albumin as a solder to control bleeding and seal the collecting system during laparoscopic heminephrectomy in a porcine model. Materials and Methods: Laparoscopic left lower-pole heminephrectomy was performed in five female domestic pigs after occluding the hilar vessels. Using an 810-nm pulsed diode laser (20 W), a 50% liquid albumin-indocyanine green solder was welded to the cut edge of the renal parenchyma to seal the collecting system and achieve hemostasis. Two weeks later, an identical procedure was performed on the right kidney, after which, the animals were sacrificed and both kidneys were harvested for ex vivo retrograde pyelograms and histopathologic analysis. Results: All 10 heminephrectomies were performed without complication. The mean operative time was 82 minutes, with an average blood loss o...
Reworking the User Interface during Convergence of Several Software Products

This paper documents the role of human factors engineers in some aspects of a development project for a large software product used in a complex operational environment. The process by which the user interfaces for several products were converged into a single one is described. Techniques for evaluating the user interface in this complex environment are discussed. The process involved preliminary testing to document problems, subsequent design and development activity, and verification testing to document improvements and remaining problems.
Adaptive and Speculative Slack Simulations of CMPs on CMPs

Current trends signal an imminent crisis in the simulation of future CMPs (Chip Multiprocessors). Future micro-architectures will offer more and more thread contexts to execute parallel programs, but the execution speed of each thread will not improve at the same pace. CMPs with 10’s or even100’s of cores are envisioned. Simulating these future CMP sefficiently without compromising accuracy is a challenge. Slack simulation is a general parallel simulation paradigm which provides flexible trade-offs between simulation accuracy and speed. Simulation threads do not synchronize after every target core cycle as in cycle-by-cycle simulation. Rather a maximum slack (the slack bound) is enforced between the clocks of all simulated cores. A slack simulation may become inaccurate because of simulation violations. Such violations occur when a resource is accessed by two cores in different order in the simulation and in the target system. We introduce and demonstrate techniques to detect violations, to adapt the simulation slack to maintain a target violation rate, and to checkpoint and rollback a slack simulation when violations are detected. We show some simulation performance/accuracy data for a set of five Splash benchmarks in the context of an 8-core CMP with a snooping cache coherence protocol simulated on Slack Sim, our universal slack simulation platform.
Deflationism and the true colours of necessity in Wittgenstein's Tractatus

This paper articulates a deflationary interpretation of the notions of meaning and necessity in Wittgenstein's Tractatus. This interpretation is developed through a new account of the so-called color-exclusion problem and of why the formalism of the Tractatus fails to solve it. According to my analysis, this failure calls into question whether the limits of the sayable and the thinkable can be drawn from within language and thought by means of a purely formal logical analysis. I argue that the lesson to learn from the color-exclusion problem concerns the limitations of a formal logical analysis of language in eliminating the philosophical mythologies formed around the notions of meaning and necessity, and more generally the limitations of formalism as a deflationary strategy in philosophy.
Effect of Laminar and Turbulent Buoyancy-Driven Flows on Thermal Energy Storage using Supercritical Fluids

Efficient heat transfer to storage fluid is required for the desirable operation of thermal energy storage systems. Most of the fluid candidates for supercritical thermal storage have poor thermal conductivity; therefore, conduction does not provide sufficient heat transfer. The current study concerns a supercritical thermal energy storage system consisting of horizontal tubes filled with a storage fluid in its supercritical state. The results of this study show that the heat transfer to the supercritical fluid is dominated by laminar and turbulent natural convection. The buoyancy-driven flow inside the storage tubes enhances the heat transfer and dramatically reduces the charge time.
The role of the battered woman specialist.

1. Nurses must recognize that every battered woman is a crime victim. Battered women also are frequently sexually assaulted and raped by their abusive boyfriends or husbands. All states have criminal sexual assault statutes; approximately 40 states have marital rape statutes. 2. Consistent within the clinical knowledge base for domestic violence survivors are the following concepts that the battered woman needs to hear from the nurse: her history of abuse is believed, she is not crazy, no one deserves to beaten, she is not alone, domestic violence is a crime, there is hope the cycle of violence can be broken, and there are specific places where she can go for help. 3. Few nurses have received any formal training in the principles of clinical forensics and clinical forensic nursing. Many nurses have had to go outside of nursing to learn forensic skills. However, as more nurses enter clinical forensic nursing roles, the necessity of formal education becomes increasingly important. Language: en
Issues in Exceptional Education: The Challenges for Principals

This paper covers a wide array of issues related to exceptional student education. Some of the issues covered include: culture, leadership style, funding, behavioural problems, and empowerment. Solutions are offered for some of the most common problems faced by Principals and the possible difficulties that can be encountered when implementing the proposed solutions are also identified and explained. The case study of Lynn Middle School in Boca Raton, Florida is used throughout the paper. Lynn Middle School is a hypothetical school representing the average characteristics of educational institutions in Broward and Palm Beach Counties.
Efficient two-view geometry classification

Typical Structure-from-Motion systems spend major computational effort on geometric verification. Geometric verification recovers the epipolar geometry of two views for a moving camera by estimating a fundamental or essential matrix. The essential matrix describes the relative geometry for two views up to an unknown scale. Two-view triangulation or multi-model estimation approaches can reveal the relative geometric configuration of two views, e.g., small or large baseline and forward or sideward motion. Information about the relative configuration is essential for many problems in Structure-from-Motion. However, essential matrix estimation and assessment of the relative geometric configuration are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a learning-based approach for efficient two-view geometry classification, leveraging the by-products of feature matching. Our approach can predict whether two views have scene overlap and for overlapping views it can assess the relative geometric configuration. Experiments on several datasets demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach and its utility for Structure-from-Motion.
Diffusion in High Occupancy Zeolites

Diffusion of small molecules in zeolites most often takes place in the configurational diffusion region, where the molecular diameter is approximately the same or slightly greater than the channel diameter. Since two molecules may not pass each other in a pore, the random walk based diffusion equation does not apply under high occupancy conditions in zeolites with one-dimensional pores. For zeolites with multi-dimensional pores, such as ZSM-5 and A, one sometimes encounters the counter-intuitive result that diffusivity dramatically rises with occupancy. There are two explanations for this behavior: one from irreversible thermodynamics and the Darken equation, which predicts that diffusivity will always rise with occupancy; the other from a Markov model of random activated jumps between low energy positions, such as pore crossings, which predicts that diffusivity will increase with occupancy if the activation energy of diffusion decreases with occupancy– such as due to swelling.
Kiting in RTS Games Using Influence Maps

Influence Maps have been successfully used in controlling the navigation of multiple units. In this paper, we apply the idea to the problem of simulating a kiting behavior (also known as “attack and flee”) in the context of real-time strategy (RTS) games. We present our approach and evaluate it in the popular RTS game StarCraft, where we analyze the benefits that our approach brings to a StarCraft playing bot.
Surveillance of pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bacilli among children with otitis media

Objectives To analyze pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bacilli among children with otitis media. Methods Pathogenic bacteria was isolated from children with suppurative otitis media. The VITEK32 was used for identification. The bacterial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer method. According to CLSI standard the antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. Results From Jan 2010 to Dec 2012, 425 children with suppurative otitis media were examined. 347 strains were isolated, of which the detectable rate was 81.65%. The detectable rate of bacteria and fungus was 93.37%(324/ 347) and 6.63%(23/347), respectively. Among bacteria, the detectable rate of streptococcus pneumoniae was 40.92%(142/347) and staphylococcus aureus was 33.43%(116/347). The detectable rate of haemophilus influenza was 7.78%(27/347). The prevalence of streptococcus pneumoniae is high in children aged 1-3years, with detectable rate at 47.09%. There was no statistical difference among different age groups. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in middle ear secretion was 1.11%(5/45), 18.75%(9/48)and 30.43%(7/23)in 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively, with no statistical difference(χ2=3.86, P=0.145). The prevalence of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae(PRSP) in middle ear secretion was 9.26%, 3.92% and 27.03% in 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively, with statistical difference(χ2=11.47, P=0.003). Conclusions Choosing correct therapy according to the result of middle ear secretion culture and antibiotics sensitive test can increase the recovery rate of otitismedia.
Painful olecranon physeal nonunion in an adult weight lifter : a case report

Only 3 cases of persistent olecranon physes in adults have been reported previously in literature. In each case, physeal nonunion was present bilaterally and either unilateral, bipartite, or tripartite patellae were present. A case of painful unilateral physeal nonunion in an adult weight lifter is presented. The patient had begun competitive weight lifting when he was 14 years old. Radiographs of the contralateral olecranon and patellae were normal. After failure of conservative treatment, surgical union was achieved, using tension band wiring augmented with autologous iliac crest bone graft. The author proposes that unilateral olecranon physeal nonunion has a mechanical etiology as opposed to a genetic etiology in individuals with bilateral physeal persistence. Surgical treatment in the former group is best delayed until after age 19, to allow adequate time for spontaneous union.
Association of congenital heart disease with syndromes or other defects.

Approximately one third of children with congenital heart disease will have an associated noncardiac malformation and about 10 per cent will represent a malformation syndrome. Careful history taking and physical examination by the clinician is the most important step in the diagnosis. Recognition and understanding of such syndromes are essential for genetic counseling and proper management.
The effects of nucleases on photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation.

Es scheint, dass DNase und RNase bei der photosynthetischen Fixierung des CO2 verschiedene und komplizierte Wirkung ausuben. Die Saccharaose-Synthese wird durch die Behandlung mit DNase und RNase deutlich vermindert.
How to Perform a Neonatal Head Ultrasonography Study

For a diagnostic ultrasonography (US) study of the neonatal brain, a modern, technologically advanced, US unit is essential. The study should include morphological/anatomical gray-scale images through the anterior fontanel covering the entire brain in coronal and sagittal planes. In addition, mastoid and/or posterior fontanel as well as suboccipital views through the foramen magnum should be included for a better exploration of the posterior fossa. Finally, the resistive index of the intracranial vasculature should be sampled using Doppler US within an anterior branch of the circle of Willis, usually one of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACA).
Methods for measuring type I collagen synthesis in vitro

The excess accumulation of type I collagen within tissues leads to organ dysfunction and occurs as a result of an imbalance between synthesis and degradation. This chapter outlines several methods to assess the in vitro production of type I collagen that are employed in our laboratory. We describe Western immunoblotting of intact alpha1(I) collagen using antibodies directed to alpha1(I) collagen amino and carboxyl propeptides. The measurement of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA levels using real-time polymerase chain reaction is then outlined. Finally, methods to determine the transcriptional regulation of alpha1(I) collagen using a nuclear run-on assay are described.
Contact Metal–MoS2 Interfacial Reactions and Potential Implications on MoS2-Based Device Performance

Thin films of contact metals, specifically Au, Ir, Cr, and Sc, are deposited on exfoliated, bulk MoS2 using electron beam deposition under two different reactor base pressures to determine the contact metal–MoS2 interface chemistry and its dependence on the reactor ambient. The high work function metal Au does not react with MoS2 regardless of reactor ambient. In contrast, interfacial reactions between MoS2 and another high work function metal, Ir, are observed when it is deposited under both high vacuum (HV, ∼ 1 × 10–6 mbar) and ultrahigh vacuum (UHV, ∼ 1 × 10–9 mbar). Interfacial reactions occur between metals with low work functions (Cr, Sc) near the electron affinity of MoS2 when the contact metal is deposited under UHV conditions. In addition, Sc is rapidly oxidized on the MoS2 surface, whereas Cr is only partially oxidized when deposited under HV conditions. This indicates that deposition chamber ambient can affect the contact metal chemistry in addition to the chemistry present at the contact metal...
Research: Image transmission on the DQDB network

A new distributed queue dual bus (DQDB)-based protocol for the transmission of still images is proposed. The image encoding scheme assumed here is hierarchical encoding. DQDB queue-arbitrated (QA) slots are used for the transmission of image information. Although the paper focuses on image transmission, the protocol can be used for any other type of traffic whose data is hierarchically organized or level-oriented. The proposed protocol also accommodates the possibility of session cancellation initiated by the image's recipient (destination node). Specifically, we develop a multiple request protocol with two request cancellation schemes, and a new pre-emptive reservation scheme. Finally, an analytical evaluation of our protocol using a processor sharing model is presented, and the average message delay, an important performance measure for this type of system, is obtained.
Resonant tunneling behavior in ion-enhanced field and thermo-field emission

Under a high electrical field, field emission current may be significantly enhanced by positive ions very close to the cathode surface. In addition to distorting the potential field to both lower and thin the potential barrier, the ion can also induce resonant tunneling, which can be a major factor in the emission current. In this study, resonant tunneling behavior has been investigated using a simple model by solving the 1D Schrodinger's equation in the presence of an ion approaching the surface. Analysis shows that as the ion approaches the surface, resonant states move from lower to higher energies. Further, as the electric field increases, the resonant states move from higher to lower energies. Resonant contributions can be dominant under high applied field (∼0.5–3 V/nm) when the ion is close to the surface (∼0.5–3 nm). Under such conditions the resonances are located near the energy region that has highest differential emission current, which is proportional to the product of the supply function and the transmission probability. The results of this study suggest that it may be possible to control (maximize/ minimize) the emission current by matching/ mismatching the supply function to the resonant states, which can be applied to various electron emission technologies.
COLLECTIVE STATES IN THE N = 82 NUCLIDE $sup 141$Pr EXCITED BY THE ($alpha$,$alpha$') REACTION AT 45 MeV.

The $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}(\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ reaction at ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=45.0$ MeV and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{\approx}35$ keV was studied to investigate the particle-vibration interaction in this $N=82$ nuclide and to elucidate the $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}$ level structure in the 0-4-MeV region. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle angular distributions were measured in \ensuremath{\le}2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} steps over ranges of 7-80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for elastic scattering and 12-66\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for inelastic scattering. A $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}(d,{d}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ spectrum at ${E}_{d}=28.7$ MeV and with higher resolution (20 keV) was also recorded. These measurements, in combination with other high-resolution studies, establish the existence of approximately 50 levels with excitation energies of 1.1-3.0 MeV. Approximately 20 of these levels can be identified in the ($\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) spectra and are interpreted as states with significant collective components. Although most of these levels are in either a positive-parity group between 1.1 and 1.9 MeV or a negative-parity group between 2.0 and 2.5 MeV, it is found that the assumption of a weak particle-vibration interaction based on the ${2}^{+}$ and ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ core states of $^{140}\mathrm{Ce}$ and the ${d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ ground state of $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}$ is inadequate to explain the results. Qualitative agreement is found with the results of recent shell-model studies which assumed nine active protons outside an inert $Z=50$, $N=82$ core. In addition, some evidence is found for the approximate validity of the $\ensuremath{\Delta}B=0$ selection rule for inelastic scattering transitions which was recently proposed by Hecht and Adler.
Floating-body problems and benefits in fully depleted SOI CMOS VLSI circuits

A physical model for the fully depleted submicron SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFET is described and used to assess problems and possible benefits in SOI CMOS VLSI digital circuits that result from the parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in the floating-body device. It is shown that the problems overwhelm the benefits, and hence must be alleviated by controlling the activation of the BJT via device design tradeoffs. A feasible approach to the needed design optimization is demonstrated by device/circuit simulations. The physical model for the fully depleted SOI MOSFET described here has been written into SPICE2 source code. >
Cyclizing Pentapeptides: Mechanism and Application of Dehydrophenylalanine as a Traceless Turn-Inducer

Dehydrophenylalanine is used as a traceless turn-inducer in the total synthesis of dichotomin E. Macrocyclization of the monomer is achieved in high yields and selectivity over cyclodimerization under conditions 100 times more concentrated than previously achieved. The enamide facilitates ring closing, and Rh-catalyzed hydrogenation of the unsaturated cyclic peptide results in selective formation of the natural product or its epimer, depending on our choice of phosphine ligand. NMR analysis and molecular modeling revealed that the linear peptide adopts a left-handed α-turn that preorganizes the N- and C-termini toward macrocyclization.
A Second-generation SCAPE Microscopy System for High-speed 3D Imaging of Living Things

Swept confocally aligned planar excitation (SCAPE) microscopy is a new technique for 3D high-speed imaging. Our latest SCAPE prototypes have significantly extended the capabilities of our original design. Our latest results will be presented.
The Significance of Enterprise Anthropology in Asia

Anthropology is known for its qualitative methods and its body of theory which is based on 150 years of study of human origins and cultures. This vast body of knowledge provides a base for the cont...
Mechanism of Mer receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition of glomerular endothelial cell inflammation

Endotoxin induces a variety of proinflammatory mediators and plays a crucial role in kidney inflammation. The receptor tyrosine kinase, Mer, diminishes renal inflammation by attenuating inflammatory responses. We previously reported that Mer is predominantly expressed on glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and that Mer deficiency is associated with increased renal inflammation when mice are challenged with nephrotoxic serum. We consequently hypothesized that Mer signaling down-regulates LPS-driven inflammatory responses in GECs. To test this hypothesis, primary GECs were isolated from the kidneys of Mer-KO and wild-type (WT) control mice. LPS treatment induced Akt and STAT3 activation along with Bcl-xl up-regulation in WT GECs; these responses were all increased in Mer-deficient GECs. In addition, STAT1 and ERK1/2 up-regulation and activation were observed in Mer-KO GECs exposed to LPS. In contrast, expression of the inhibitory signaling molecule, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), was much higher in LPS-stimulated WT than Mer-deficient GECs. Deficiency of Mer was also associated with significantly increased NF-κB expression and activation. These observations indicate that Mer functions as an intrinsic feedback inhibitor of inflammatory mediator-driven immune responses in GECs during kidney injury and suggest a new therapeutic strategy for glomerular diseases.
Countering deficit discourse: Preservice teacher experiences of core reflection

Abstract In these pages, I describe a twelve-week qualitative study which explored how three student teachers experienced core reflection as a counter-discourse to the various “deficit discourses” they encountered and enacted during this time of their teacher education program. The results of this study suggest that core reflection may play a role in how student teachers experience the process of surfacing, interrogating, countering, and expanding beyond “deficit discourses.”
Predictors of maternal support following children's sexual abuse disclosures.

Abstract Despite the importance of parental support following children’s sexual abuse (CSA) disclosures, there is a dearth of research regarding the predictors of support. Much of the prior literature is limited by the use of small sample sizes, measures of support without adequately reported psychometric properties, and inadequate or inconsistent definitions of support, which hinders the ability to accurately identify key predictors. Further, some potentially important predictors of parental support remain unexplored, including child-reported abuse stressors (e.g., family conflict, nonsupportive disclosure responses). The present study aimed to better delineate predictors of maternal belief and emotional support by examining the links between child, maternal, and family factors, and abuse characteristics as reported by both mothers and children. Two hundred and forty-seven treatment-seeking children (M age = 9.24, SD = 3.74) and their non-offending mothers were included in the study. Select demographic factors (i.e., child’s age, minority status), abuse characteristics (i.e., use of penetration, repeated CSA incidents, and amount of CSA characteristics known), and child-reported abuse stressors were tied to levels of maternal belief and/or emotional support. Maternal and family characteristics were unrelated to support. The child’s age and whether the abuse occurred more than once remained robust predictors of both aspects of support in multivariate analyses. The amount of CSA information known to the mother predicted emotional support, which may signal the utility of increasing parental knowledge of the abuse to bolster their emotional support. Findings indicate that there are several factors that may influence levels of maternal support, and children who experience certain types of CSA may be at greater risk for lower levels of belief and support.
Information and Communications Technologies, Cyberattacks, and Strategic Asymmetry

In the history of warfare, there are a number of examples of strategic uses of asymmetric technologies. Consistent with history and theory, individuals, organizations, and nations have spotted opportunities to employ information and communications technologies to gain and exploit asymmetric advantages and to counter asymmetric weaknesses. This chapter discusses various asymmetries associated with institutions, nations, and organizations that influence the ICT-security nexus. Regulative, normative, and cognitive institutions in a country provide various mechanisms that affect the nature of positive and negative asymmetries. Nations and organizations also differ in terms of their capability to assimilate ICT tools to gain positive asymmetries and deal with vulnerabilities of negative asymmetries.
Hidden Regulatory Processes in Early Social Relationships

Hidden within the visible features of early social relationships are a number of processes that we do not yet understand very well. These processes act not only to govern the interaction between parent and infant but also to regulate the physiological and behavioral characteristics of the infants during early development. The nature of these processes can be revealed by analytic experiments with laboratory animals, working with individual components of the mother—infant interaction and using partial or complete mother—infant separations. The results of these studies point to a reconsideration of how infants respond to the experience of separation from their mothers and suggest a means of approaching the study of postnatal hereditary influences.
Cerebral Angioplasticity: The Anatomical Contribution to Ensuring Appropriate Oxygen Transport to Brain.

In order to maintain proper function, mammalian brain requires a significant fraction of the energy provided through whole body oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation. This has been fairly well known for a long time. More recently there has been an increased appreciation that, while whole brain blood flow remains fairly constant, there are large regional changes in local blood flow to account for spatial and temporal heterogeneity of neuronal activity. This latter phenomenon requires an extensive regulatory system for local oxygen delivery that involves arteriolar and capillary control mechanisms. The ISOTT has been a major contributor to the study of oxygen supply and demand through studies of the mechanisms of vascular dilation and constriction in response to energy expenditure and availability of substrate and oxygen. Nevertheless, it has become clear in the past few decades that in addition to acute, physiological responses to energy demand and oxygen/substrate availability, there are regulatory mechanisms that are continuously operating to control the capillary distribution over a time course of weeks. This process of “angioplasticity” results in the gradual acclimatization of the brain capillary bed to prolonged changes in oxygen/substrate availability and/or neuronal activity patterns. Angioplasticity is primarily regulated through the hypoxia inducible transcription factor, acting as a detector of the balance between oxygen delivery and energy demand at the level of the cell redox state, controlling vascular endothelial growth factor production which helps determine capillary density in consort with the cyclooxygenase-2/angiopoietin-2 pathway that controls endothelial cell junction mechanical stability. We can conclude that the structure-function of brain capillaries is regulated during prolonged challenges to energy supply-demand balance within the physiological range. We can conclude that over the physiological range of ambient oxygen, brain capillary density is proportional to fraction inspired oxygen. The primary mechanisms for regulation of brain capillary density are HIF-1/VEGF and COX-2/PGE2/ang-2 pathways of angiogenesis and angiolysis.
Investigation of strategies to improve concussion reporting in American football

While research on sport-related concussion has increased dramatically over the past decade, research investigating concussion reporting is in its early stages. The purpose of this project was to assess concussion reporting and work with stakeholders to develop and assess strategies to improve reporting. We used a multi-site, repeated measures design with three NCAA Division I football programs, including 223 athlete participants. A modified community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used to develop intervention strategies (Fall 2017 season) with stakeholders designed to increase concussion reporting intentions. Preseason and postseason surveys were administered to determine effectiveness. Main outcome measures included concussion knowledge, intervention effectiveness, and reporting intention measures. For all three programs, concussion knowledge was unrelated to reporting intentions. Two of the three programs implemented the intervention strategies and for these programs there was evidence that the interventions were effective. Specifically, athletes from these two programs perceived more support from coaches about reporting (P< 0.05; t= 2.83), received education more frequently (P< 0.05; t= 2.67), and reported being more likely to report concussion symptoms (P< 0.05; t= 2.14). Our study demonstrates that working with stakeholders to develop site-specific strategies to improve concussion reporting is an effective approach to help improve reporting behaviours.
End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring revealed severe complications during cardiothoracic surgery.

Introduction: With the continuous progress being made in medicine and surgery, increasingly more advanced technology and monitoring equipment are being used in anesthesia, end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) monitoring revealed serious complications of cardiothoracic surgery. Case presentation: A 3-year-old boy with a body weight of 15 kg presented with a >1-month history of a heart murmur. At the moment of arterial catheter ligation, the PETCO2 decreased from 37 to 15 mmHg, while the blood pressure, heart rate, and airway resistance did not change significantly. After re-separation of the ligation catheter, the surgeons carefully exposed the ductus and left pulmonary artery again and ligated the ductus arteriosus. Conclusion: This case suggests that PETCO2 monitoring reflects the circulatory status and pulmonary blood flow. Key words: End-tidal carbon dioxide; Monitoring; Complications; Cardiothoracic surgery
Semi-Automatic Differentiation

We demonstrate how the structure that arises in inverse and optimal design problems can be used to aid in the efficient application of automatic differentiation ideas. We discuss the program structure of generic inverse problems and then illustrate, with two examples (one example involves the heat equation, the other involves wave propagation) how structure can be used in combination with automatic differentiation. Finally, we report numerical results and describe the ADMIT-2 software package which enables efficient derivative computation of structured problems.
Neurocognitive Signatures of Naturalistic Reading of Scientific Texts: A Fixation-Related fMRI Study

How do students gain scientific knowledge while reading expository text? This study examines the underlying neurocognitive basis of textual knowledge structure and individual readers' cognitive differences and reading habits, including the influence of text and reader characteristics, on outcomes of scientific text comprehension. By combining fixation-related fMRI and multiband data acquisition, the study is among the first to consider self-paced naturalistic reading inside the MRI scanner. Our results revealed the underlying neurocognitive patterns associated with information integration of different time scales during text reading, and significant individual differences due to the interaction between text characteristics (e.g., optimality of the textual knowledge structure) and reader characteristics (e.g., electronic device use habits). Individual differences impacted the amount of neural resources deployed for multitasking and information integration for constructing the underlying scientific mental models based on the text being read. Our findings have significant implications for understanding science reading in a population that is increasingly dependent on electronic devices.
Mobile Biofeedback Therapy for the Treatment of Panic Attacks: A Pilot Feasibility Study

Panic attacks are an impairing mental health problem that affects 11% of adults every year. Those who suffer from panic attacks often do not seek psychological treatment, citing the inability to receive care during their attacks as a contributing factor. Herein, we introduce a mobile health (mHealth) biofeedback system that enables treatment of panic attacks wherever and whenever they occur and describe the results of an initial feasibility study. We find that only three of nine chronic panic attack sufferers experienced a panic attack during the study, potentially suggesting a preventative placebo effect common to similar pharmacological interventions. Of the four panic attacks observed, subjects noted that the act of using their phone to record their physiology during the attack helped to stop the attack. While preliminary, these results point toward the need for future development of this mHealth system and a future clinical study to assess its efficacy for preventing panic attacks.
Change Management in Public Libraries: Research-Based Political Strategies

AbstractThis study presents seven change management strategies for public libraries: (1) specify the major issue, (2) map the decision cycle, (3) identify circuits and tessellations, (4) target rec...