cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FtsZ1/FtsZ2 Turnover in Chloroplasts and the Role of ARC3

Chloroplast division requires filamentation temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ), a tubulin-like GTPase of cyanobacterial endosymbiotic origin. Plants and algae possess two distinct FtsZ protein families, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 that co-assemble into a ring (Z-ring) at the division site. Z-ring assembly and disassembly and division site positioning is controlled by both positive and negative factors via their specific interactions with FtsZ1 and FtsZ2. Here we present the in planta analysis of Arabidopsis FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 turnover in the context of a native chloroplast division machinery. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis was conducted using fluorescently tagged FtsZ at wild-type (WT)-like levels. Rapid photobleaching, low signal-to-noise ratio, and phototropic movements of chloroplasts were overcome by (i) using progressive intervals in time-lapse imaging, (ii) analyzing epidermal rather than stromal chloroplasts, and (iii) employing image stack alignment during postprocessing. In plants of WT background, fluorescence recovery half-times averaged 117 and 325 s for FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, respectively. In plants lacking ARC3, the key negative regulator of FtsZ assembly, the turnover was threefold slower. The findings are discussed in the context of previous results conducted in a heterologous system.
In Search of Order Property Rights Enforcement in Kibera Settlement, Kenya

In Kibera, Nairobi Kenya's largest slum, getting property rights enforced is no simple matter. Structures are owned by one person and rented by another, neither of whom have rights to the land on which the structure stands. Rental contracts are the subject of frequent dispute for residents and government conflict resolution mechanisms are inaccessible. Using structured interviews and working with local community based organizations we were able to identify three different mechanisms for contract enforcement that developed apart from the formal government channel: 1) bureaucratic entrepreneurs willing to act outside of their area of authority; 2) community based organizations; and 3) ethnic gangs. All of these mechanisms assist people in getting their property rights contracts enforced. In this paper we establish a rubric for the assessment of welfare maximization based on extant literature in new institutional economics. We discuss each of these contract enforcement institutions and evaluate them against the rubric. We find that these organically developed solutions to the inaccessibility of government mechanisms for contact enforcement are not obviously superior to the formal institutions.
Depressive symptoms in spouses of older patients with severe sepsis.

Objective: To examine whether spouses of patients with severe sepsis are at increased risk for depression independent of the spouse’s presepsis history, whether this risk differs by sex, and is associated with a sepsis patient’s disability after hospitalization. Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Population-based cohort of U.S. adults over 50 yrs old interviewed as part of the Health and Retirement Study (1993‐2008). Patients: Nine hundred twenty-nine patient-spouse dyads comprising 1,212 hospitalizations for severe sepsis. Measurements and Main Results: Severe sepsis was identified using a validated algorithm in Medicare claims. Depression was assessed with a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. All analyses were stratified by gender. The prevalence of substantial depressive symptoms in wives of patients with severe sepsis increased by 14 percentage points at the time of severe sepsis (from 20% at a median of 1.1 yrs presepsis to 34% at a median of 1 yr postsepsis) with an odds ratio of 3.74 (95% confidence interval: 2.20, 6.37), in multivariable regression. Husbands had an 8 percentage point increase in the prevalence of substantial depressive symptoms, which was not significant in multivariable regression (odds ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 0.75, 4.71). The increase in depression was not explained by bereavement; women had greater odds of substantial depressive symptoms even when their spouse survived a severe sepsis hospitalization (odds ratio 2.86, 95% confidence interval 1.06, 7.73). Wives of sepsis survivors who were disabled were more likely to be depressed (odds ratio 1.35 per activities of daily living limitation of sepsis survivor, 95% confidence interval 1.12, 1.64); however, controlling for patient disability only slightly attenuated the association between sepsis and wives’ depression (odds ratio 2.61, 95% confidence interval 0.93, 7.38). Conclusions: Older women may be at greater risk for depression if their spouse is hospitalized for severe sepsis. Spouses of patients with severe sepsis may benefit from greater support and depression screening, both when their loved one dies and when their loved one survives. (Crit Care Med 2012; 40: 2335‐2341)
Developing formal specifications to coordinate heterogeneous autonomous agents

We have been developing an approach for the distributed coordination of heterogeneous, autonomous agents. This approach takes as input (a) agent skeletons, giving compact descriptions of the given agents in terms of their events that are significant for coordination, as well as (b) relationships among the events occurring in these skeletons. A natural question is how may the skeletons and relationships be produced in the first place. Parunak (1996) proposed a methodology for designing multiagent systems based on Dooley graphs (1976) from discourse analysis. We show how with a few key modifications, Dooley graphs can also be used to generate the skeletons and relationships required for coordination. This combines the benefits of an intuitive methodology with a formal and distributed framework for developing multiagent systems from autonomous agents.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Pseudogenes of Glycolytic Enzymes in Vertebrates: The Anomalously High Number of GAPDH Pseudogenes Highlights a Recent Burst of Retrotrans-Positional Activity

Background: Pseudogenes provide a record of the molecular evolution of genes. As glycolysis is such a highly conserved and fundamental metabolic pathway, the pseudogenes of glycolytic enzymes comprise a standardized genomic measuring stick and an ideal platform for studying molecular evolution. One of the glycolytic enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), has already been noted to have one of the largest numbers of associated pseudogenes, among all proteins. Results: We assembled the first comprehensive catalog of the processed and duplicated pseudogenes of glycolytic enzymes in many vertebrate model-organism genomes, including human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, pufferfish, fruitfly, and worm (available at http://pseudogene.org/glycolysis/). We found that glycolytic pseudogenes are predominantly processed, i.e. retrotransposed from the mRNA of their parent genes. Although each glycolytic enzyme plays a unique role, GAPDH has by far the most pseudogenes, perhaps reflecting its large number of non-glycolytic functions or its possession of a particularly retrotranspositionally active sub-sequence. Furthermore, the number of GAPDH pseudogenes varies significantly among the genomes we studied: none in zebrafish, pufferfish, fruitfly, and worm, 1 in chicken, 50 in chimpanzee, 62 in human, 331 in mouse, and 364 in rat. Next, we developed a simple method of identifying conserved syntenic blocks (consistently applicable to the wide range of organisms in the study) by using orthologous genes as anchors delimiting a conserved block between a pair of genomes. This approach showed that few glycolytic pseudogenes are shared between primate and rodent lineages. Finally, by estimating pseudogene ages using Kimura's two-parameter model of nucleotide substitution, we found evidence for bursts of retrotranspositional activity approximately 42, 36, and 26 million years ago in the human, mouse, and rat lineages, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, we performed a consistent analysis of one group of pseudogenes across multiple genomes, finding evidence that most of them were created within the last 50 million years, subsequent to the divergence of rodent and primate
Edge technique Doppler lidar wind measurements with high vertical resolution

We have developed a Doppler lidar system using the edge technique and have made atmospheric lidar wind measurements. Line-of-sight wind profiles with a vertical resolution of 22 m have a standard deviation of 0.40 m/s for a ten-shot average. Day and night lidar measurements of the vector wind have been made for altitudes from 200 to 2000 m. We validated the lidar measurements by comparing them with independent rawinsonde and pilot balloon measurements of wind speed and direction. Good agreement was obtained. The instrumental noise for these data is 0.11 m/s for a 500-shot average, which is in good agreement with the observed minimum value of the standard deviation for the atmospheric measurements. The average standard deviation over 30 mins varied from 1.16 to 0.25 m/s for day and night, respectively. High spatial and temporal resolution lidar profiles of line-of-sight winds clearly show wind shear and turbulent features at the 1–2-m/s level with a high signal-to-noise ratio and demonstrate the potential of the edge-technique lidar for studying turbulent processes and atmospheric dynamics.
Cardioreparation in Hypertensive Heart Disease

The normal myocardium is composed of a variety of cells. Cardiac myocytes, tethered within an extracellular matrix of fibrillar collagen, represent one third of all cells; noncardiomyocytes account for the remaining two thirds. Ventricular hypertrophy involves myocyte growth. Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) includes myocyte and nonmyocyte growth that leads to an adverse structural remodeling of the intramural coronary vasculature and matrix. In HHD, it is not the quantity of myocardium but rather its quality that accounts for increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Structural homogeneity of cardiac tissue is governed by a balanced equilibrium existing between stimulator and inhibitor signals that regulate cell growth, apoptosis, phenotype, and matrix turnover. Stimulators (eg, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and endothelins) are normally counterbalanced by inhibitors (eg, bradykinin, NO, and prostaglandins) in a paradigm of reciprocal regulation. To reduce the risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death that accompanies HHD, its adverse structural remodeling must be targeted for pharmacologic intervention. Cardioprotective agents counteract the imbalance between stimulators and inhibitors. They include ACE and endopeptidase inhibitors and respective receptor antagonists. Cardioreparative agents reverse the growth-promoting state and regress existing abnormalities in coronary vascular and matrix structure. ACE inhibition has achieved this outcome with favorable impact on vasomotor reactivity and tissue stiffness. Today's management of hypertension should not simply focus on a reduction in blood pressure, it must also target the adverse structural remodeling that begets HHD.
Identifying and Quantifying Medication Errors: Evaluation of Rapidly Discontinued Medication Orders Submitted to a Computerized Physician Order Entry System

All methods of identifying medication prescribing errors are fraught with inaccuracies and systematic bias. A systematic, efficient, and inexpensive way of measuring and quantifying prescribing errors would be a useful step for reducing them. We ask if rapid discontinuations of prescription-orders-where physicians stop their orders within 2 hours-would be an expedient proxy for prescribing errors? To study this we analyzed CPOE-system medication orders entered and then discontinued within 2 hours. We investigated these phenomena in real time via interviews with corresponding ordering physicians. Each order was also independently reviewed by a clinical pharmacist or physicians. We found that of 114 rapidly discontinued orders by 75 physicians, two-thirds (35 of 53, PPV 66; 95% CI 53-77) of medication orders discontinued within 45 minutes were deemed inappropriate (overdose, underdose, etc.). Overall, 55% (63 of 114; 95% CI 46- 64%) of medication orders discontinued within 2 hours were deemed inappropriate. This measure offers a rapid, constant, inexpensive, and objective method to identify medication orders with a high probability of error. It may also serve as a screening and teaching mechanism for physicians-in-training.
Decision units in the perception of speech

It has been shown experimentally that speech intelligibility is a function of grammatical content. This fact implies that automatic speech recognizers may well need to include information about linguistic structure.
Book Review: O'Leary, Rosemary. The Ethics of Dissent: Managing Guerrilla Government. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006

(2006). Book Review: O'Leary, Rosemary. The Ethics of Dissent: Managing Guerrilla Government. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 642-645.
THE IMPACT OF BLEEDING AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES ON HOSPITAL-LEVEL VARIATION IN BLEEDING RATES FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE NCDR CATHPCI REGISTRY

Prior studies have reported that bleeding rates following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vary markedly among hospitals, but the extent to which use of bleeding avoidance strategies (BAS) explains this variation is unknown. Using the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular
Treatment of psoas haematoma in a patient with haemophilia and inhibitors

INTRODUCTION. Particular problem in treating haemophiliacs with serious muscle bleeding such as iliopsoas haematoma, are patients with inhibitor. CASE OUTLINE. Our study describes three episodes of psoas haematoma in a patient with haemophilia and inhibitor successfully treated with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). CONCLUSION. Based on our experience, initiating therapy within two hours in our patient, contributed to successful treatment, although small cumulative doses of rFVIIa were used. Therefore, introducing home treatment along with adequate patient and family education similar to developed countries becomes imperative in our environment, not only for providing better quality of life, but also from pharamacoeconomic point of view.
Gyro-stabilized Platform Based on ADAMS and Matlab

The mechanical system model and control system model of Gyro-stabilized platform were built. United simulation which was built by ADAMS and Matlab displayed that how the mechanical system model and control system model worked in different situations. The results of united simulation show that united simulation can reflect the system characteristics and it also can provide important data for developing and improving mechanical system model and control system model of Gyro-stabilized platform.
Rethinking Nativeness: Toward a Dynamic Paradigm of (Non)Native Speakering

The “NNEST Movement” has been instrumental in documenting the privilege of native speakers, the marginalization of their nonnative counterparts, and the factors that may influence an individual falling into one category or another. More recently, scholars have adopted a poststructuralist orientation toward language and identity that resists dichotomized framings of language and language users. This article extends the poststructuralist orientation to consider how and why such abstract idealizations of native and nonnative speakers—what I term (non)native speakered subjectivities—emerged historically and are continuously reified and (re)produced through everyday discourse. Throughout this discussion, I weave illustrative examples from a participant in a semester-long ethnographic study that took place in a graduate teacher education program. In the conclusion, I consider implications for future theorizations of (non)native speakering as well as possibilities for increasing equity in the field of ELT.
Estrous Behavior and Detection in Cattle

This article reviews the behavior of cattle in estrus and methods used for estrous detection. Factors that modify or completely inhibit estrus are discussed, and strategies are suggested for improving the detection of estrus in commercial operations.
Cyclosporin Reduces the Incidence of Amyloid Disease in Casein Treated Mice

Evidence is presented that cyclosporin administra tion reduces the incidence and severity of amyloid disease in casein treated mice. This inhibition occurs at therapeutic levels and raises the possibility that this agent may be helpful in the treatment of secondary amyloid disease.
Earthquake number forecasts testing

We study the distributions of earthquake numbers in two global catalogs: Global Centroid-Moment Tensor and Preliminary Determinations of Epicenters. These distributions are required to develop the number test for forecasts of future seismic activity rate. A common assumption is that the numbers are described by the Poisson distribution. In contrast to the one-parameter Poisson distribution, the negative-binomial distribution (NBD) has two parameters. The second parameter characterizes the clustering or over-dispersion of a process. We investigate the dependence of parameters for both distributions on the catalog magnitude threshold and on temporal subdivision of catalog duration. We find that for most cases of interest the Poisson distribution can be rejected statistically at a high significance level in favor of the NBD. Therefore we investigate whether these distributions fit the observed distributions of seismicity. For this purpose we study upper statistical moments of earthquake numbers (skewness and kurtosis) and compare them to the theoretical values for both distributions. Empirical values for the skewness and the kurtosis increase for the smaller magnitude threshold and increase with even greater intensity for small temporal subdivision of catalogs. A calculation of the NBD skewness and kurtosis levels shows rapid increase of these upper moments levels. However, the observed catalog values of skewness and kurtosis are rising even faster. This means that for small time intervals the earthquake number distribution is even more heavy-tailed than the NBD predicts. Therefore for small time intervals we propose using empirical number distributions appropriately smoothed for testing forecasted earthquake numbers.
Word Scene Investigations: Toward a Cognitive Linguistic Approach to the Criminal Analysis of Open Source Evidence in War Crimes Cases

This article demonstrates how a cognitive linguistic approach to the criminal analysis of open source information can effectively be used to define and utilize propaganda-related evidence in pre-trial and trial phases in international criminal cases. The article explains the paths, logic and criteria for identifying and categorizing open source evidence in the given context (historical, political, cultural) and lays out the conceptual instruments needed for a cognitive linguistic analysis and interpretation of specific types of textual material potentially useful for the investigative and prosecutorial purposes within the frameworks of the existing war crimes trial records, jurisprudence and international law. Part of this instrumentarium includes concepts such as intentions and intentionality, causality (physical and mental), intentional causation, semantic analysis, speech acts, conceptual framing and priming, institutional facts, free will. A novel analytical model, evidentiary feedback loop, is offered for prosecutorial purposes. The main objective of this methodological framework is to explore and explain the multiple meanings and links emerging between words and actions, or words as actions, that is, ultimately, the criminal acts that may have occurred as a direct or indirect consequence of widespread and systematic propagandistic actions and communications of semantically sensitive or specifically designed units of linguistic information in the sphere of public life.
Banking on the Body: The Market in Blood, Milk, and Sperm in Modern America

Review of: Banking on the Body: The Market in Blood, Milk, and Sperm in Modern America, by Kara W. Swanson.
Quality Control Of Well Logs

Companies that utilize wire logging services require efficient service for the expenditure of logging costs and rig time. As computer programs were developed to allow rapid and dependable normalization of well logs, it became apparent that additional quality control was needed at the well site. An example of a Quality Control Form to be completed by the service company representative at the time of logging is presented. A statistical comparison of the data by geographic area and service company is discussed.
Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Vacuum Packaged Beef Steaks and Roasts Treated with an Edible Acetylated Monoglyceride

Vacuum packaged strip loins and top rounds were fabricated into loin steaks and round roasts and treated, respectively, with 3 and 2% Dermatex® Food Grade (DFG), an acetylated monoglyceride. Samples were then vacuum packaged and stored at 2 ± 2°C for up to 49 (steaks) and 56 (roasts) d. Mean lean color (vacuum packaged and oxygenated), surface discoloration and overall appearance scores were not consistently different between treated and control steaks and roasts regardless of storage time. No consistent differences were observed in pH values of the lean and purge, percentage moisture or sensory evaluations of steaks and roasts treated with DFG before storage.
Tropical intraseasonal oscillations in CFSv2 during Boreal summer and winter

The simulation of the tropical intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) by a coupled model in the Indo-Pacific region is examined in this study. The retrospective forecasts by the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) of National Centers of Environmental Prediction for the period 1982–2010 have been analysed and compared with observation. The leading Indian monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) during the boreal summer and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) during the boreal winter are extracted from daily precipitation anomalies in forecasts and observations by using a data-adaptive method. The model forecasts from May initial conditions simulates the observed spatial structure, magnitude and the northward and eastward propagation of MISO reasonably well. Similar performance is also evident in the simulation of the eastward propagating MJO in forecasts from November initial conditions. In the simulation of both the MISO and MJO by the model, the zonal wind at lower level shows appropriate observed relation with the precipitation and coupling with convection. The observed phase relations between precipitation and low-level relative vorticity and between precipitation and upper-level divergence in the zonal and meridional propagations are captured by the model. However, the variance of the ISOs differs from observation in certain regions, and the phase of the ISOs exhibits wide differences among the ensemble members of the forecast and with the observation. Comparison with the earlier model, CFS version 1, shows that the space-time structure and evolution of MISO and MJO are better simulated by CFSv2.
Dicer-dependent production of microRNA221 in hepatocytes inhibits p27 and is required for liver regeneration in mice.

Our findings demonstrate a direct role for microRNAs in controlling the rate of liver regeneration after injury. By deleting Dicer, an enzyme responsible for processing microRNAs into mature forms,...
How to Generate a QR Code and Put It on Your Syllabus

Nowadays, every student has a smart phone and uses his/her phone constantly. For business students, one of the feedbacks from the business community is that they should understand Excel quite well. For this reason, I generated a web page related to Excel learning. For my teaching, each week, students are given one or two related articles to read. To make those web pages easily accessible via a smart phone, I generate two QR codes for each course and put them on my syllabus. In this one-page article, I show how to generate QR codes easily.
Toll-Like Receptors, PAMPs, and DAMPs in Hepatotoxicity

By receiving portal venous blood, the liver is exposed to a high variety of antigens; hence, the liver has an active innate immune system. Inflammation in the liver in response to infectious and noninfectious antigens is mediated by foreign pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on immune cells and hepatocytes. Toll-like receptors are the most well-known class of PRRs. Whereas inflammation is a mechanism of defense in response to invasive pathogens, it contributes to liver injury in various hepatic disease processes. In the setting of exposure to hepatotoxicants, inflammation often plays a prominent role in exacerbation of liver damage and ensuing repair processes. Because hepatotoxicants are not antigens themselves that activate the immune system directly, inflammation in hepatotoxicity is mediated by the release of PAMPs and DAMPs, and activation of PRRs. Alcohol and acetaminophen toxicity are the two most commonly encountered etiologies of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity. They lead to liver injury by two distinct pathways, which are exemplary for the role of inflammation in hepatotoxicity. Alcohol causes an increase in intestinal permeability, resulting in portal venous lipopolysaccharide, a prototypical PAMP, which causes PRR stimulation in the liver. Acetaminophen metabolism in hepatocytes results in mitochondrial damage and release of reactive oxygen species causing cell necrosis and DAMP release, which propagates inflammation and further cell destruction. This article will provide an overview of the roles of TLRs, PAMPs, and DAMPs in inflammatory responses to common hepatotoxicants.
Performance of natural language classifiers in a question-answering system

Deep-learning algorithms are being used extensively in question-answering systems based on natural language classifiers to classify an incoming user question into a set of classes with the same answer. We treat a natural language classifier as a black box and study its performance with respect to the ground truth that is used to train and test the system. We have observed that maintaining ground truth is challenging; for example, 1) the number of answer classes can be large (in the several hundreds), 2) manual mapping of questions to answers can result in inconsistent mappings, leading to overlap and confusion among them, and 3) users ask questions within a context that is not apparent by examining the question standalone, leading to erroneous mappings. We propose a methodology for guided evolution of the ground truth, from its initial creation to its ongoing maintenance in the deployed production environment. We measure performance using two metrics: accuracy and confidence. Accuracy measures how many classifications are correct, based on an assessment, while confidence is a raw metric, output by the classifier, which correlates with accuracy. Confidence can further be used to effectively manage the perceived accuracy of the system from a user's perspective, appropriately trading off accuracy versus coverage.
Efficient utilization of multi-core processors and many-core co-processors on supercomputer beacon for scalable geocomputation and geo-simulation over big earth data

Digital earth science data originated from sensors aboard satellites and platforms such as airplane, UAV, and mobile systems are increasingly available with high spectral, spatial, vertical, and te...
The Plausibility and Likelihood Functions

The notion of likelihood is an important concept in modern statistics. In particular, the likelihood ratio has been used by several authors [19, 37] to measure the strength of the evidence represented by observations in statistical problems. This idea works fine when the goal is to evaluate the strength of the available evidence for a simple hypothesis versus another simple hypothesis. However, the applicability of this idea is limited to simple hypotheses because the likelihood function is primarily defined on points, i.e. simple hypotheses, of the parameter space. In this chapter, we extend the notion of likelihood from simple to composite hypotheses. It turns out that this extended notion of likelihood is the plausibility function of the hint derived from a generalized functional model. This allows us to define a general weight of evidence that is applicable to both simple and composite hypotheses. Classical distribution models introduced in the previous chapter do not convey enough information to generate a natural and general concept of weight of evidence. In other words, they are too coarse a representation of the mechanical process underlying the generation of the data observed. Generalized functional models and the theory of hints are the appropriate tools for defining such a general concept. Furthermore, a weight of evidence can be given a concrete significance by finding a well understood and simple situation leading to the same weight of evidence. The relevant concepts and ideas are explained by means of a familiar urn problem in addition to the general analysis of a real-world medical problem.
A Case for SF and Speculative Fiction

Naming things is innately human, our apparently unique verbal nature, and central to academia and scholarship. In the 2011 film of the Marvel Comics superhero team, X-Men: First Class, Charles Xavier as a young man assembles a group of mutants, most of whom have lived in secret and unaware of other mutants.
Myocardial regeneration by stem cells: seeing the unseeable.

The failure of a well-designed, randomized trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy to significantly improve cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction, despite substantial bone marrow cell mobilization, is reported by Engelmann et al. ([1][1]) in this issue of the
Abstract 5727: MHC II complements MHC I in shaping the mutational landscape of tumors

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules present peptide antigens to T cells to enable immune detection of foreign or mutated peptides. Mutant peptides presented by MHC-I on the cell surface have the potential to activate a cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response, imposing selective pressure on tumor cells harboring neoantigens. Recently, we demonstrated that patient MHC-I genotype results in individual differences in which cancer-causing mutations can be effectively presented on the cell surface to stimulate CD8+ T cells and is a determinant of the probability of observing a particular mutation (Marty et al., Cell 2017). However, since cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses require CD4+ T cells that are activated by MHC-II-based antigen presentation, we hypothesized that individual variation in MHC-II genotype must also be an important determinant of immune selection of tumor cells. To investigate the role of MHC-II restriction in shaping the mutational landscape of tumors, we first developed a score that represents the ability of an individual MHC-II genotype to present a mutation on the cell surface. The score maps affinities of mutated peptides for different MHC-II molecules into a single value and was able to distinguish peptides found in complex with MHC-II in vitro by mass spectrometry from random peptides with an AUC of 0.69. Next, we assessed the relationship between MHC-II presentation of 1,018 cancer mutations and their occurence in 7,137 tumors across 30 tissues types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Across all MHC-II genotypes in TCGA, we observed an unexpected bias for recurrent cancer mutations to be less well presented than random mutations (p Citation Format: Rachel Marty, Wesley Thompson, Trey Ideker, Maurizio Zanetti, Hannah Carter. MHC II complements MHC I in shaping the mutational landscape of tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5727.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Posterior Hip Pathology

A standard comprehensive physical examination should be performed for those with posterior hip pain to determine a diagnosis, classify individuals into treatment categories, and identify impairments that need to be addressed with physical therapy intervention. A physical therapy- based evaluation algorithm and classification-based treatment categories include considerations for the lumbosacral spine and intra-articular and extra-articular sources of hip posterior pain. Posterior impingement, musculotendinous pathologies, nerve entrapments, and boney impingement are sources of posterior hip pain that can be addressed with intervention directed at strength, range of motion, flexibility, neuromuscular control, and biomechanical deficits.
Influence of tissue context on gene prioritization for predicted transcriptome-wide association studies.

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have recently gained great attention due to their ability to prioritize complex trait-associated genes and promote potential therapeutics development for complex human diseases. TWAS integrates genotypic data with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) to predict genetically regulated gene expression components and associates predictions with a trait of interest. As such, TWAS can prioritize genes whose differential expressions contribute to the trait of interest and provide mechanistic explanation of complex trait(s). Tissue-specific eQTL information grants TWAS the ability to perform association analysis on tissues whose gene expression profiles are otherwise hard to obtain, such as liver and heart. However, as eQTLs are tissue context-dependent, whether and how the tissue-specificity of eQTLs influences TWAS gene prioritization has not been fully investigated. In this study, we addressed this question by adopting two distinct TWAS methods, PrediXcan and UTMOST, which assume single tissue and integrative tissue effects of eQTLs, respectively. Thirty-eight baseline laboratory traits in 4,360 antiretroviral treatment-naive individuals from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) studies comprised the input dataset for TWAS. We performed TWAS in a tissue-specific manner and obtained a total of 430 significant gene-trait associations (q-value < 0.05) across multiple tissues. Single tissue-based analysis by PrediXcan contributed 116 of the 430 associations including 64 unique gene-trait pairs in 28 tissues. Integrative tissue-based analysis by UTMOST found the other 314 significant associations that include 50 unique gene-trait pairs across all 44 tissues. Both analyses were able to replicate some associations identified in past variant-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS), such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and CETP (PrediXcan, q-value = 3.2e-16). Both analyses also identified novel associations. Moreover, single tissue-based and integrative tissuebased analysis shared 11 of 103 unique gene-trait pairs, for example, PSRC1-low-density lipoprotein (PrediXcan's lowest q-value = 8.5e-06; UTMOST's lowest q-value = 1.8e-05). This study suggests that single tissue-based analysis may have performed better at discovering gene-trait associations when combining results from all tissues. Integrative tissue-based analysis was better at prioritizing genes in multiple tissues and in trait-related tissue. Additional exploration is needed to confirm this conclusion. Finally, although single tissue-based and integrative tissue-based analysis shared significant novel discoveries, tissue context-dependency of eQTLs impacted TWAS gene prioritization. This study provides preliminary data to support continued work on tissue contextdependency of eQTL studies and TWAS.
Algorithm development for real-time thin asphalt concrete overlay compaction monitoring using ground-penetrating radar

Abstract Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective, feasible, and non-destructive tool for real-time estimation of the density of asphalt concrete (AC) during compaction. When the AC pavement is thin, however, it is difficult to estimate the density due to the limited GPR signal resolution. In addition, the surface moisture, applied during compaction, has an effect on the GPR signal and hence impacts density prediction accuracy. In this study, a nonlinear optimization approach, based on gradient descent, was used to recover the AC pavement surface reflection. A “modified reference scan” approach was developed to remove the effect of surface moisture on GPR signals during density monitoring. The “modified reference scan” approach was first validated in a laboratory experiment setting, then validated in a field study near Chicago, IL, where GPR antennas were installed on the roller and data were collected during compaction. The results show that GPR is a prospective tool for real-time AC compaction monitoring.
Thinking Institutionally About Judicial Review: Originalism, Judicial Supremacy, and the Concept of Law

In this essay, I intend to advance two primary ideas. In the first part, I argue that originalism, as a judicial philosophy incubated as a conservative reaction against the legislative excesses of the Warren Court, is intrinsically wedded to two core theses: (a) the (in principle) determinacy of legal rules and (b) judicial supremacy. By the ‘determinacy of legal rules,’ I mean the idea that, in all but borderline cases, a uniquely correct outcome can be determined, based on objective criteria, given the case’s facts and the legal principles most appropriately tied to those facts. This is the jurisprudential theory of legal positivism, which originalists [almost?] categorically accept. By judicial supremacy, I mean acceptance of the principle that the final interpretive authority of the Constitution is and should be the judiciary, as opposed to some other institutional actor. While generalizing about ‘originalism’ is dangerous, given the perhaps dozens of distinct varieties pursued by American legal scholars and jurists over the past half-century, I believe that these two ideas are intrinsic to most, if not all, strands of originalism widely utilized in the legal academy. Casting doubt on these theses would thus be a substantial contribution to contemporary debates over how the constitution should be interpreted. Primarily for their importance and familiarity to academic audiences, I focus on what I call two ‘old’ originalist jurists, Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia, and arguably the most central figure of ‘new’ originalist thought, Randy Barnett, to show how these two theses play into their versions of originalism. In the second part of this essay, I argue that the first of these ideas, the determinacy of law, is unappealing because legal rules themselves are often not sufficiently outcome determinative to fulfill the role that originalists tend to presume that constitutional rules, properly understood, should. My argument utilizes the interpretivist jurisprudence of Ronald Dworkin. If I am right, the question of who has interpretive authority is just as crucial as the question of how the Constitution should be interpreted. With regard to the second thesis, I argue that judicial supremacy is an inappropriate structural feature in our separation of powers system. Relying on the constitutional theory of German jurist Carl Schmitt, I argue, first, that the Supreme Court has generally proven incapable of serving, at least in times of crisis in which it is arguably most needed, as an efficacious guardian of constitutional norms, and, second, that its attempts to do so have proven disastrous for the legitimacy of the federal judiciary over the past few decades. I conclude with some normative arguments, based on the work of Jeremy Waldron, as to why the judiciary is an inappropriate institutional actor for the application of originalist methodology.
e + e - --> τ + τ - at the threshold and beyond

Abstract The excitation curve for the τ+ τ− production in electron positron annihilation near the threshold is revisited with the aim of updating and extending a previous work. We find that the corrections of the relative magnitude O(α) near the threshold are significantly contributed by the radiative modification of the Coulomb interaction between the τ leptons. The interpolation between the Coulomb effects at the threshold and the relativistic effects at higher energies is considered and the resulting formula is argued to have relative accuracy up to, but not including, terms of the order of α2 at any velocity of the τ leptons.
Multimodality image registration in the head-and-neck using a deep learning-derived synthetic CT as a bridge.

Purpose To develop and demonstrate the efficacy of a novel head-and-neck multimodality image registration technique using deep-learning-based cross-modality synthesis. Methods and materials Twenty-five head-and-neck patients received magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) (CTaligned ) scans on the same day with the same immobilization. Fivefold cross validation was used with all of the MR-CT pairs to train a neural network to generate synthetic CTs from MR images. Twenty-four of 25 patients also had a separate CT without immobilization (CTnon-aligned ) and were used for testing. CTnon-aligned 's were deformed to the synthetic CT, and compared to CTnon-aligned registered to MR. The same registrations were performed from MR to CTnon-aligned and from synthetic CT to CTnon-aligned . All registrations used B-splines for modeling the deformation, and mutual information for the objective. Results were evaluated using the 95% Hausdorff distance among spinal cord contours, landmark error, inverse consistency, and Jacobian determinant of the estimated deformation fields. Results When large initial rigid misalignment is present, registering CT to MRI-derived synthetic CT aligns the cord better than a direct registration. The average landmark error decreased from 9.8 ± 3.1 mm in MR→CTnon-aligned to 6.0 ± 2.1 mm in CTsynth →CTnon-aligned deformable registrations. In the CT to MR direction, the landmark error decreased from 10.0 ± 4.3 mm in CTnon-aligned →MR deformable registrations to 6.6 ± 2.0 mm in CTnon-aligned →CTsynth deformable registrations. The Jacobian determinant had an average value of 0.98. The proposed method also demonstrated improved inverse consistency over the direct method. Conclusions We showed that using a deep learning-derived synthetic CT in lieu of an MR for MR→CT and CT→MR deformable registration offers superior results to direct multimodal registration.
Selected long abstracts from the St. Luke's university health network quality awards program (2018)

The St. Luke's Annual Quality Awards Program was created in 2008 to promote innovation and quality improvement throughout the network. The awards ceremony is held annually in conjunction with National Healthcare Quality Week in October. The program is open to all nine campuses in our network and other entities including inpatient and outpatient units, and both clinical and nonclinical areas that contribute to our high-quality care and excellent patient outcomes. Here we include selected long abstracts representing some of the most meritorious quality project submissions for the past two academic years. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Interpersonal and communication skills, Medical knowledge, Patient care, Practice-based learning and improvement, Professionalism, Systems-based practice.
Cryo-EM cools down swine fever

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is among the most complex DNA viruses known. Outbreaks have killed millions of swine around the world, and there is currently no vaccine. Three recent papers report the cryo-EM structure of the complete ASFV virion, comprising a viral particle of multiple layers, and resolve the major outer-capsid protein p72 to higher resolution. Progress in these reports provides a further understanding of the structure-function relationships of large viruses and should aid in ASFV vaccine development.
Challenging “Getting Better” Social Media Narratives With Intersectional Transgender Lived Experiences

A dominant media narrative of “getting better” over time is often projected onto LGBTQ people’s personal life experiences. In this research study, I examine this narrative’s role in transgender peo...
Simulation of piezoelectric energy device in the pavement of urban crossroad

Energy Harvesting is a concept that aims to transform the weight of the vehicle traveling on a track into electrical energy, converting mechanical pressure into electricity, it is the principle of piezoelectric technology currently being tested on highways and urban roads around the world. This type of energy varies depending on the load quantity of the vehicle and the number of times it passes, consequently, this form of energy is discontinuous, being the best use when used on roads with a high flow of vehicles. In this context, a study based on the implementation of piezoelectric devices at an urban intersection with traffic lights in three Brazilian cities with different ports is presented: Marau, Erechim and Passo Fundo. Piezoelectric energy still shows the initial phase of technological and experimental development, but it shows the potential for use in the urban environment, mainly due to the concentration of light vehicles, speeds and as a complementary alternative existing in the existing electrical network.
Automatic Trajectory Synthesis for Real-Time Temporal Logic

Many safety-critical systems must achieve high-level task specifications with guaranteed safety and correctness. Much recent progress towards this goal has been made through controller synthesis from temporal logic specifications. Existing approaches, however, have been limited to relatively short and simple specifications. Furthermore, existing methods either consider some prior discretization of the state-space, deal only with a convex fragment of temporal logic, or are not provably complete. We propose a scalable, provably complete algorithm that synthesizes continuous trajectories to satisfy non-convex \gls*{rtl} specifications. We separate discrete task planning and continuous motion planning on-the-fly and harness highly efficient boolean satisfiability (SAT) and \gls*{lp} solvers to find dynamically feasible trajectories that satisfy non-convex \gls*{rtl} specifications for high dimensional systems. The proposed design algorithms are proven sound and complete, and simulation results demonstrate our approach's scalability.
Melissa A. Wong. Instructional Design for LIS Professionals: A Guide for Teaching Librarians and Information Science Professionals. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2019. 280p. Paper, $85.00 (ISBN 978-1-4408-6713-2). LC 2018058323.

In recent years, academic publishing has seen an explosion of works for librarians on information literacy instruction, yet surprisingly few book-length works have emerged presenting instructional design principles from within the field of library and information science (LIS). Melissa A. Wong, an adjunct instructor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Graduate School of Library and Information Science, has sought to fill that gap with a well-organized and informative book presenting both the theoretical context and practical applications of learning theory to the design of library and information science courses. The book is targeted at librarians and information science professionals teaching graduate courses in library and information science; it is thus an important acquisition for those involved in LIS education. In addition, the explanations and descriptions of theories, best practices, and common challenges of teaching more generally, alongside numerous practical examples and helpful reading suggestions, make this book extremely valuable as an instructional design textbook or reference resource for graduate students or early-career instruction librarians. What is more, Instructional Design for LIS Professionals gives equal attention to the design of online and in-person instruction, which makes the text an important addition to the extant instructional design literature geared toward librarians, which has tended to focus more heavily on in-person modalities.