cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comment on the exchange-energy formula of Ghosh and Parr: A new derivation applicable to molecules.

Recently Ghosh and Parr [S. K. Ghosh and R. G. Parr, Phys. Rev. A 34, 785 (1986)] have developed a new nonlocal exchange functional given by K(\ensuremath{\rho})=(\ensuremath{\pi}/2) F ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2}$(r)\ensuremath{\beta}(r)dr. Using the spherical average of the exchange hole, we redefine \ensuremath{\beta}(r) using ${t}_{s}$(r,\ensuremath{\rho})=Tr(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}) where t\ensuremath{\rightarrow} is the kinetic energy density tensor matrix. We then obtain the same formula whatever the symmetry of the system.
Effects of methotrexate on trophoblast proliferation and local immune responses.

Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue that has been used successfully for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy and, in conjunction with misoprostol, for medical abortions of early intrauterine pregnancies. To administer the most efficacious treatment requires knowledge of the mechanism underlying the induction of methotrexate-induced abortion. This study was designed to ascertain trophoblast integrity, proliferation and differentiation following administration of methotrexate. In addition, to determine if methotrexate affects the local uterine immune response, we ascertained the numbers and identities of decidual leukocytes following treatment. Ten women with undesired intrauterine pregnancies of 42-49 days gestation were recruited to receive methotrexte 50 mg/m2 i.m. A suction aspiration was performed 7 days later. Tissues from gestational age-matched elective surgical abortions were used as controls. Additionally, specimens from women who received methotrexate and misoprostol for abortion in a clinical trial of oral methotrexate in combination with misoprostol, who had a suction abortion because of continued embryonic cardiac activity 14 days after the methotrexate, were evaluated. Immunoreactivity to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D3 antibodies was used to demonstrate a marked reduction in the proliferation index of cytotrophoblasts from methotrexate-treated abortions. Methotrexate treatment failures and non-treated pregnancies had a much higher proliferation index. There was no direct destruction of the syncytiotrophoblast, as indicated by the continued presence of human placental lactogen and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin proteins. A decrease in the total number of leukocyte cells was observed in the decidua of methotrexate-treated samples, with the large granular lymphocyte (LGL) cells showing the greatest decline in numbers. Our conclusions from this study are that methotrexate acts primarily to derail the normal developmental programme of the trophoblast stem cell population, as well as to decrease LGL cell numbers in the decidua.
Character, Reliability, and Virtue Epistemology

Standard characterizations of virtue epistemology divide the field into two camps: virtue reliabilism and virtue responsibilism. Virtue reliabilists think of intellectual virtues as reliable cognitive faculties or abilities, while virtue responsibilists conceive of them as good intellectual character traits. I argue that responsibilist character virtues sometimes satisfy the conditions of a reliabilist conception of intellectual virtue, and that consequently virtue reliabilists, and reliabilists in general, must pay closer attention to matters of intellectual character. This leads to several new questions and challenges for any reliabilist epistemology.
Fracture Behavior of Woven Silicon Carbide Fibers Exposed to High-Temperature Nitrogen and Oxygen Plasmas

High-temperature aero-thermal heating in a 30 kW inductively coupled plasma torch was used to replicate the effects of harsh oxidizing environments during hypersonic atmospheric entry on fracture behavior and microstructure of two-dimensional woven SiC fibers. Hi-Nicalon SiC woven cloths were exposed to surface temperatures over 1400°C with different high-enthalpy dissociated oxygen and nitrogen plasma flows, and were subsequently deformed in pure tension at room temperature. Changes in fiber microstructure and surface chemistry after thermal exposure were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Pure nitrogen plasmas resulted in a 50% decrease of strength in woven SiC fibers with minimal effects on the fiber structure, except for highly localized surface pitting caused by partial decomposition of silicon oxycarbonitride phase at high temperature. In contrast, exposure to dissociated oxygen and air plasmas led to severe strength reduction and embrittlement over significantly short time scales, corresponding to degradation rates up to 200 times higher than those reported with static heating at equivalent temperatures. The origin of accelerated embrittlement at microscopic scale was found related to complex gas-surface interactions and high-temperature oxidizing processes involving the formation of SiO2 bubbles and microcracks on the surface. These findings are important for the development of outer fabric materials for new flexible thermal protection systems in space applications.
Incorporating Spirituality Into Core Counseling Courses: Ideas for Classroom Application

Recently, spirituality has received increased attention in the counseling field, and both spirituality and religion have been acknowledged as important aspects of multiculturalism. The role of spiritual and religious beliefs is mentioned throughout the Standards of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), and guidelines for working with spiritual issues within various cultural paradigms are emerging. Nevertheless, many counselor educators seem unsure about how to infuse spiritual issues into courses. This article presents a rationale for inclusion of spiritual issues in counselor education curricula and provides activities to incorporate knowledge and skills for dealing with spiritual and religious diversity in CACREP core courses.
A dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) for very low voltage operation

A new mode of operation for Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) MOSFET is experimentally investigated. This mode gives rise to a Dynamic Threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS). DTMOS threshold voltage drops as gate voltage is raised, resulting in a much higher current drive than regular MOSFET at low V/sub dd/. On the other hand, V/sub t/ is high at V/sub gs/=0, thus the leakage current is low. Suitability of this device for ultra low voltage operation is demonstrated by ring oscillator performance down to V/sub dd/=0.5 V. >
Stability for Function Trade-Offs in the Enolase Superfamily 'Catalytic Module'

Enzyme catalysis reflects a dynamic interplay between charged and polar active site residues that facilitate function, stabilize transition states, and maintain overall protein stability. Previous studies show that substituting neutral for charged residues in the active site often significantly stabilizes a protein, suggesting a stability trade-off for functionality. In the enolase superfamily, a set of conserved active site residues (the "catalytic module") has repeatedly been used in nature in the evolution of many different enzymes for the performance of unique overall reactions involving a chemically diverse set of substrates. This catalytic module provides a robust solution for catalysis that delivers the common underlying partial reaction that supports all of the different overall chemical reactions of the superfamily. As this module has been so broadly conserved in the evolution of new functions, we sought to investigate the extent to which it follows the stability-function trade-off. Alanine substitutions were made for individual residues, groups of residues, and the entire catalytic module of o-succinylbenzoate synthase (OSBS), a member of the enolase superfamily from Escherichia coli. Of six individual residue substitutions, four (K131A, D161A, E190A, and D213A) substantially increased protein stability (by 0.46-4.23 kcal/mol), broadly consistent with prediction of a stability-activity trade-off. The residue most conserved across the superfamily, E190, is by far the most destabilizing. When the individual substitutions were combined into groups (as they are structurally and functionally organized), nonadditive stability effects emerged, supporting previous observations that residues within the module interact as two functional groups within a larger catalytic system. Thus, whereas the multiple-mutant enzymes D161A/E190A/D213A and K131A/K133A/D161A/E190A/D213A/K235A (termed 3KDED) are stabilized relative to the wild-type enzyme (by 1.77 and 3.68 kcal/mol, respectively), the net stabilization achieved in both cases is much weaker than what would be predicted if their stability contributions were additive. Organization of the catalytic module into systems that mitigate the expected stability cost due to the presence of highly charged active site residues may help to explain its repeated use for the evolution of many different functions.
Why Creativity? Articulating and Championing a Museum's Social Mission

In late 2006, the Columbus Museum of Art adopted a new framework that established creativity as the lens for learning and visitor experiences. When the Columbus Museum of Art committed to creativity as a focus and lens for learning, the work and nature of its education department adapted and changed. What is a museum's responsibility to its community? This article explores why case making and advocacy around creativity became essential, how this impacted the education department, and what implications this holds for the future of art education.
Moving Target Artifacts in Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging methods are designed to image stationary scenes. Moving targets appear smeared and misplaced in reconstructed SAR images. This paper presents a theory to quantitatively analyze and predict positioning errors due to moving targets in bistatic SAR imagery. We derive closed-form, parametric equations between the target velocities and positioning errors in reconstructed images. The analysis is applicable to scenarios involving bistatic configurations and arbitrary imaging geometries including arbitrary antenna trajectories, target velocities, and nonflat topography. We present examples for specific geometric configurations including straight linear trajectories and short and long apertures in bistatic configurations. The predictive equations offer the potential capability to extract moving target signatures, estimate target motion parameters, and form focused bistatic SAR images in complex imaging geometries.
Automated Highways: Effects on Travel, Emissions, and Traveler Welfare

A recent project simulating automated freeways in the Sacramento, Calif., region is described. Of special interest is the economic welfare model applied in this project. It was found that travel and emissions increase with capacity. Traveler economic welfare increased (over the no-build case) only in modest [97 km/h (60 mi/h) or one lane] automated highway system scenarios. Peak-period freeway tolls and parking pricing with land-use intensification at outer freeway ramps greatly increased user benefits, as did automating only single HOV lanes. Future automated highway system research should consider incremental automation (one lane at a time), tolls and parking cash-out, and land-use intensification near freeway ramps.
Keratins and protein synthesis: the plot thickens

In addition to protecting epithelial cells from mechanical stress, keratins regulate cytoarchitecture, cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and organelle transport. In this issue, Vijayaraj et al. (2009. J. Cell Biol. doi:10.1083/jcb.200906094) expand our understanding of how keratin proteins participate in the regulation of protein synthesis through their analysis of mice lacking the entire type II keratin gene cluster.
A multilayer neural network based identification and control scheme for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with asymptotic stability guarantees

In this paper, a new multi-layer neural network (MNN) based system identification scheme in discrete-time is proposed for a general class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with guaranteed asymptotic convergence of the identification error. Then, a MNN based direct adaptive MNN controller design is introduced for a different class of nonlinear discrete-time systems. The unique aspect of the proposed method is the asymptotic stability assurances of the system identification and tracking errors in the presence of MNN reconstruction errors by using an auxiliary robust term which is a function of the outer-layer NN weights. Finally, simulation examples are presented to illustrate the MNN based estimation and control scheme.
Evaluating the Quality of Citizen‐Scientist Data on Pollinator Communities

Concerns about pollinator declines have grown in recent years, yet the ability to detect changes in abundance, taxonomic richness, and composition of pollinator communities is hampered severely by the lack of data over space and time. Citizen scientists may be able to extend the spatial and temporal extent of pollinator monitoring programs. We developed a citizen-science monitoring protocol in which we trained 13 citizen scientists to observe and classify floral visitors at the resolution of orders or super families (e.g., bee, wasp, fly) and at finer resolution within bees (superfamily Apoidea) only. We evaluated the protocol by comparing data collected simultaneously at 17 sites by citizen scientists (observational data set) and by professionals (specimen-based data set). The sites differed with respect to the presence and age of hedgerows planted to improve habitat quality for pollinators. We found significant, positive correlations among the two data sets for higher level taxonomic composition, honey bee (Apis mellifera) abundance, non-Apis bee abundance, bee richness, and bee community similarity. Results for both data sets also showed similar trends (or lack thereof) in these metrics among sites differing in the presence and age of hedgerows. Nevertheless, citizen scientists did not observe approximately half of the bee groups collected by professional scientists at the same sites. Thus, the utility of citizen-science observational data may be restricted to detection of community- level changes in abundance, richness, or similarity over space and time, and citizen-science observations may not reliably reflect the abundance or frequency of occurrence of specific pollinator species or groups.
Value of diastolic flow with transit-time flow meters in coronary artery bypass surgery

Cardiac surgeons who concentrate on coronary revascularization realize that not every coronary artery is the same. We also know after each anastomosis, whether done on a beating heart or under cross-clamp, if the graft will be successful. For years, we would rely on symptom or event recurrence or repeat cardiac catheterization to determine graft patency. Recently, experience has grown with a variety of Doppler flow signals, the most commonly used being transit-time flow meters. Today, many of us view these flow probes as an adjuvant crutch to give us confirmation of anastomotic quality; yet, parenthetically, there is a paucity of data to demonstrate shortor long-term graft patency with good intra-operative flow assessments. The article by Nordgaard and colleagues [1] describing the value and variance of pulsatility index (PI) highlights another immediate limitation of the flow meter — that being interpreting patterns of values registered by the flow meters and conveying that to quality of the bypass graft. PI is one of the more-valued measurements, and is regarded as an indicator of flow resistance, or more appropriately, as a potential stricture at the anastomotic site. The PI should be 50% for all grafts and territories, and ideally >65%. If both the PI and DF% give correlative good measurements, then, the certainty of graft quality and distal coronary perfusion can be objectively assessed with greater comfort. In no instance has the author seen a PI > 7 with a normal DF%, and if DF < 25%, there is a problem with the graft or target. Although the author uses a flow meter on each coronary revascularization case, it adds value under circumstances that needs confirmation (immediately) of graft flow for a difficult anastomosis, or endarterectomy, and/or vein patch. Even though graft flows have had excellent intraoperative PI and DF% characteristics, the author could observe, years later, vein-graft closure; therefore, it is still unclear how transit-time flow meters help guide long term patency. Subanalysis of the randomized onversus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery trial (ROOBY) may provide insight on graft patency based on intra-operative flow meter measurements and correlative 1-year angiographic analysis [2]. Clearly, other factors exist to determine graft patency, and risk-factor-modifying medication and dual antiplatelet therapy are important; yet, only time will tell whether intraoperative flow meters help guide long-term results.
Leukocyte-connective tissue cell interaction. II. The specificity, duration, and mechanism of interaction effects.

Human fibroblasts grown in vitro as monolayer cultures were “activated” by syngeneic lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and fibroblasts as well as by allogeneic leukocytes, human embryonic kidney cells, fibroblasts, and thrombocytes. “Activation” was characterized by increased medium acidity, increased glucose uptake, increased lactate formation, and marked stimulation of hyaluronic acid formation. The “activation” process was blocked by preincubation with actinomycin D, but not by incubation with 2,4 dinitrophenol. “Activated” fibroblasts continued to exhibit increased mucopolysaccharide synthesis for 5 to 28 days following a single exposure to stimulatory materials.
Transplanting Sedges ( Carex spp.) in Southwestern Riparian Meadows

The success of revegetation efforts in southwestern U.S. riparian meadows has been limited because natural recolonization is often poor and little is known about establishment of transplanted native meadow species such as sedges. To evaluate their potential use in riparian restoration, the survival and growth of transplanted wildlings of three sedge species, Carex lanuginosa (woolly sedge), C. nebrascensis (Nebraska sedge), and C. rostrata (beaked sedge), were assessed. Transplanting occurred during two seasons (summer and fall) using two transplant sizes (295 and 680 cm 3 ) at seven montane meadow sites in Arizona. Survival was similar among species, but shoot numbers were greater for C. lanuginosa (12.7 shoots/wildling) compared with C. nebrascensis (5.5 shoots/wildling) and C. rostrata (7.9 shoots/wildling). Survival was significantly greater for the summer transplant season (55.1%) versus fall (24.1%). Survival and growth were greater for the larger transplant size (46.1% large vs. 33.0% small; 8.1 shoots/wildling large vs. 6.4 small). Wildling survival was related to depth to groundwater for each species. Survival was highest for C. lanuginosa (78.6%), C. nebrascensis (88.2%), and C. rostrata (64.3%) where the groundwater depth was � 48 to � 60, � 28 to � 47, and � 8 to � 27 cm, respectively. These results suggest that restoration will be most successful if transplanting occurs in summer, using large wildling transplants when under stressful conditions such as waterlogged or dry soils, and when species are planted at appropriate groundwater depths.
Modeling and optimization of a chiller plant

A data-driven approach is utilized to model a chiller plant that has four chillers, four cooling towers, and two chilled water storage tanks. The chillers have varying energy efficiency. Since the chiller plant model derived from data-driven approach is nonlinear and non-convex, it is not practical to solve it by using the traditional gradient-based optimization algorithm. A two-level intelligent algorithm is developed to solve the model aiming at minimizing the total cost of the chilled water plant. The proposed algorithm can effectively search the optimum under the non-convex and nonlinear situation. A simulation case is conducted and the corresponding results are discussed.
The Sect and Religious Autonomy

(1965). The Sect and Religious Autonomy. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 45-58.
The Rayleigh region

A definition of the Rayleigh region is presented in terms of the radius of convergence of the Rayleigh or low-frequency expansion which is both mathematically precise and consistent with current usage in radar scattering work. General methods for obtaining successive terms in low-frequency expansions are outlined and those special shapes for which calculations have actually been carried out are enumerated.
Discharge Destination After Total Joint Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Postdischarge Outcomes, Placement Risk Factors, and Recent Trends.

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare risk of postdischarge adverse events in elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients by discharge destination, identify risk factors for inpatient discharge placement and postdischarge adverse events, and stratify TJA patients based on these risk factors to identify the most appropriate discharge destination. Methods Patients who underwent elective primary total hip or knee arthroplasty from 2011 to 2013 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were assessed using perioperative variables. Results A total of 106,360 TJA patients were analyzed. The most common discharge destinations included home (70%), skilled nursing facility (SNF) (19%), and inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF; 11%). Bivariate analysis revealed that rates of postdischarge adverse events were higher in SNF and IRF patients (all P ≤ .001). In multivariate analysis controlling for patient characteristics, comorbidities, and incidence of complication predischarge, SNF and IRF patients were more likely to have postdischarge severe adverse events (SNF: odds ratio [OR]: 1.46, P ≤ .001; IRF: OR: 1.59, P ≤ .001) and unplanned readmission (SNF: OR: 1.42, P ≤ .001; IRF: OR: 1.38, P ≤ .001). After stratifying patients by strongest independent risk factors (OR: ≥1.15, P ≤ .05) for adverse outcomes after discharge, we found that home discharge is the optimal strategy for minimizing rate of severe 30-day adverse events after discharge ( P ≤ .05 for 5 out of 6 risk levels) and unplanned 30-day readmissions ( P ≤ .05 for 6 out of 7 risk levels). Multivariate analysis revealed incidence of severe adverse events predischarge, female gender, functional status, body mass index >40, smoking, diabetes, pulmonary disease, hypertension, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3/4 as independent predictors of nonhome discharge (all P ≤ .001). Conclusion SNF or IRF discharge increases the risk of postdischarge adverse events compared to home. Modifiable risk factors for nonhome discharge and postdischarge adverse events should be addressed preoperatively to improve patient outcomes across discharge settings.
H2FIRST Reference Station Design Task: Project Deliverable 2-2

This report presents near-term station cost results and discusses cost trends of different station types. It compares various vehicle rollout scenarios and projects realistic near-term station utilization values using the station infrastructure rollout in California as an example. It describes near-term market demands and matches those to cost-effective station concepts. Finally, the report contains detailed designs for five selected stations, which include piping and instrumentation diagrams, bills of materials, and several site-specific layout studies that incorporate the setbacks required by NFPA 2, the National Fire Protection Association Hydrogen Technologies Code. This work identified those setbacks as a significant factor affecting the ability to site a hydrogen station, particularly liquid stations at existing gasoline stations. For all station types, utilization has a large influence on the financial viability of the station.
This is social science: A ‘patterned activity’ oriented to attaining objective knowledge of human society

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that approaching social science as a ‘patterned activity’ draws attention both to the distinctive nature of social science and to its central subject matte...
Energy and Angular Distributions of Electrons from Ion Impact on Atomic and Molecular Hydrogen. III. 28–114-keV He + + H 2

Absolute cross sections, differential in energy and angle of ejection of the secondary electrons, were determined for electron emission from He{sup +}+H{sub 2} collisions at 28{endash}114 keV by measuring electron energy spectra from 1.5 to 300 eV at several angles from 15{degree} to 160{degree}. A rotatable electrostatic analyzer was used with an energy resolution of 5{percent} and an angular acceptance of 4.6{degree} full width at half maximum. The double-differential cross sections were integrated over angle, energy, or both to obtain single-differential and total ionization cross sections. The latter are in excellent agreement with previous experimental results. Agreement of the experimental double-differential cross sections with plane-wave Born approximation calculations is generally poor. The cross section for ejection of high-energy electrons by He{sup +} is considerably larger than that for H{sup +} at the same velocity. This is attributed mostly to electron emission from the projectile. The presence of prominent Doppler-shifted helium autoionization peaks in the spectra indicates an appreciable probability for electron capture by the helium ions with simultaneous double excitation. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Accuracy of screening for posttraumatic stress disorder in specialty mental health clinics in the U.S. Veterans Affairs Healthcare System

This study 1) describes the prevalence of positive PTSD screens among male, female, and OEF/OIF/OND veterans using various PTSD Checklist-Military version (PCL-M) criteria; 2) evaluates the sensitivity and specificity of various PCL-M criteria; and 3) identifies optimal screening criteria in predicting clinician-documented PTSD diagnoses. VA electronic medical records data from 327,093 veterans during 2008-2012 were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses compared PCL-M scores against clinician-documented PTSD diagnoses. Results showed that different PCL-M scoring criteria resulted in 62.0-84.5% of veterans screening positive for PTSD compared to 40.1% with a clinician-documented PTSD diagnosis. Sensitivity of the PCL-M ranged from 73.7 to 93.5% and specificity ranged from 21.6 to 45.8% for all veterans. The optimal PCL-M cut score according to Youden's index was ≥45 for male veterans, ≥35 for female veterans, and ≥38 for OEF/OIF/OND veterans. Self-report measures like the PCL-M may be a useful screening tool for identifying probable PTSD in VA specialty clinics, but they should be calibrated for different veteran subgroups and followed by structured clinical interviews.
Timing the Drosophila Mid-Blastula Transition: A Cell Cycle-Centered View

At the mid-blastula transition (MBT), externally developing embryos refocus from increasing cell number to elaboration of the body plan. Studies in Drosophila reveal a sequence of changes in regulators of Cyclin:Cdk1 that increasingly restricts the activity of this cell cycle kinase to slow cell cycles during early embryogenesis. By reviewing these events, we provide an outline of the mechanisms slowing the cell cycle at and around the time of MBT. The perspectives developed should provide a guiding paradigm for the study of other MBT changes as the embryo transits from maternal control to a regulatory program centered on the expression of zygotic genes.
Transformation of Lithium Acetate-treated Neurospora crassa

DNA-mediated transformation provides a powerful tool for both genome analysis and gene manipulation. Advances in transformation procedures of filamentous fungi have played a key role in making these organisms tractable on a molecular genetic level. A number of different transformation protocols exist for fungal transformation, each with inherent advantages for different applications. To be described here, lithium acetate has been used with success in preparing Neurospora crassa conidia for transformation. The technique involves the treatment of germinating conidia consecutively with (1) lithium acetate, (2) transforming DNA, and (3) PEG; followed by a brief heat shock before plating. The lithium acetate procedure provides a means for rapid and efficient transformation of N. crassa when moderate transformation frequencies are useful. Further, the technique has general applicability to a variety of fungal species.
Applications of microspectrophotometry

Microspectrophotometry is the application of standard macrospectro-photometric techniques through a microscope. The basic instrumentation requires a microscope, controllable wavelength light source and a phototube for detection. Most microscope manufacturers now produce microspectrophotometers. The commercially produced units in addition to having all the necessary hardware have computers and the required software for many of the more common applications of microspectrophotometry. There are two different applications of microspectrophotometry — quantitative and qualitative (Berlyn & Miksche, 1976; Wied, 1966).
Evolution: Selfing Takes Species Down Stebbins’s Blind Alley

Shifts from outcrossing to selfing have occurred thousands of times across the tree of life. By reducing the size of the gene pool, selfing should limit adaptive potential. A refreshing empirical experiment with snails supports this long-standing hypothesis.
Water Movement in Soil from Trickle Source

A two-dimensional water movement within a homogeneous soil profile from a surface water line source was investigated. In the experiment, various trickle water application rates were used to irrigate two types of soil. The effect of soil type and water application rate on the movement and distribution of water within the soil profile were considered. The experiment revealed that for the same volume of water, the vertical penetration of wetting front decreased and the horizontal water movement increased as the water application rate increased. The water movement in the horizontal and vertical directions was described by an exponential equation and the two-dimensional wetting pattern in the soil profile was approximated by a semiellipse without a significant loss of accuracy. A general mathematical consideration, utilizing the results of the present work for designing a trickle irrigation system, is presented. A simple field test for obtaining system design parameters is described.
INCREASED PREVALENCE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR NONCOMPACTION IN CERTAIN POPULATIONS MAY CONFER INCREASED RISK OF CATASTROPHIC EVENTS

Background: Left Ventricular Noncompaction (LVNC) is a known cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), heart failure (HF) and death. The prevalence of LVNC in the general population is estimated to be between 1/30,000 and 1/5,000. The incidence among patients with LVEF < 45% has been reported to be as
Abstract 150: Outpatient Cardiac Telemetry Detects A High Rate of Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients with Cryptogenic Cerebral Ischemia

Introduction: In one-third of patients discharged with stroke or TIA the etiology of the event remains undetermined. Occult paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) was reported as a potential etiology...
The fairest of them all: Gender-determining institutions and the science of sex testing

Originality/Value of Study: This chapter shows how the institutions of sport, law, and science work together to determine gender. As a consequence, even feminist versions of the biology of sex difference risk reifying the authority of science as the dominant knowledge form within the institutional spaces of sport and law.
Specific Transcriptome Changes Associated with Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients After Relaxation Response Training.

Abstract Objective: Mind–body practices that elicit the relaxation response (RR) have been demonstrated to reduce blood pressure (BP) in essential hypertension (HTN) and may be an adjunct to antihypertensive drug therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the RR reduces BP remain undefined. Design: Genomic determinants associated with responsiveness to an 8-week RR-based mind–body intervention for lowering HTN in 13 stage 1 hypertensive patients classified as BP responders and 11 as nonresponders were identified. Results: Transcriptome analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified 1771 genes regulated by the RR in responders. Biological process- and pathway-based analysis of transcriptome data demonstrated enrichment in the following gene categories: immune regulatory pathways and metabolism (among downregulated genes); glucose metabolism, cardiovascular system development, and circadian rhythm (among upregulated genes). Further in silico estimation of cell abundance from the microarr...
Gestational Programming of the Cardiovascular System

Chapter Summary Cardiac development is the result of genetic programs modulated by in utero environmental factors. As such, cardiac malformations leading to congenital heart disease (CHD) can result from either genetic anomalies or abnormal in utero conditions. Environmental factors that can lead to CHD include abnormal blood flow conditions in the heart, maternal diabetes, and teratogens, among others. The placenta is the organ of pregnancy that regulates the exchange of substances between mother and embryo, and it also influences cardiovascular circulation in the baby. Thus, development of the cardiovascular system and the placenta are crucially interlinked. In vivo and postmortem imaging techniques can be used to determine how placenta formation affects cardiovascular development and cardiovascular function in mouse models.
A comparison of response in the presence or absence of a delay in induction therapy with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone

PurposeLenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVd) has emerged as a preferred induction therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) in the United States. Due to lenalidomide's teratogenic risk, patients...
Long-term performance and failure of orthopedic devices

Abstract The long-term performance of orthopedic devices is paramount to alleviating the economic burden from degenerative diseases and traumatic injury. Wear particles of metal-on-polymer and metal-on-metal configurations illicit pseudotumor formation, apoptosis, inflammation, and allergic reactions by the body. Failure occurs from fatigue, creep, or corrosion. Fatigue is exacerbated by cyclic stress and corrosion. Creep is a significant concern when polymeric parts like ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene are used. Corrosion accelerates other failure processes such as the development of body inflammations and is inhibited by corrosion-resistant materials. Loosening could be caused by both aseptic and septic conditions. Both are minimized by a careful material selection process and preventive intervention. The foregoing challenges could be tackled by following an appropriate materials process and selection in terms of materials’ surface morphology, chemistry, microstructure, mechanical properties, and reactivity.
Metastatic Bone Tumors

Most common sites affected by metastatic disease in general: Lung. Liver. Bone. Most common bones affected by metastatic disease: Spine (70%). Pelvis (40%). Proximal femur (25%). Humerus. Most common site affected: Thoracic spine. Most common site of fracture secondary to metastasis: Proximal femur. Most common tumors metastasized to bones: Prostate (32%)—90% osteoblastic lesions. Breast (22%)—60% osteoblastic, 40% osteolytic lesions. Kidney (16%)—Mainly osteolytic. Lung—Mainly osteolytic. Thyroid—Mainly osteolytic. Multiple metastatic bone lesions typically present. Vascular spread through: Batson’s vertebral plexus: responsible for metastases to axial structure (skull, vertebral bodies, pelvis, proximal limbs). Arterial tree metastases: responsible for metastases to distal extremities (mainly in lung and renal cancer). Most common and dominant symptom: Pain—more than 3/4 of patients. Mechanical due to bone destruction or. Tumorigenic—worst at night. Other symptoms. Pathological fracture (8–30% at presentation). Malignant hypercalcemia symptoms—confusion, muscle weakness, polyuria and polydipsia, nausea/vomiting. Neurologic abnormalities (due to compression of the spinal cord in case of disease to the spine).
Latent TGF-β-binding proteins

The LTBPs (or latent transforming growth factor β binding proteins) are important components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that interact with fibrillin microfibrils and have a number of different roles in microfibril biology. There are four LTBPs isoforms in the human genome (LTBP-1, -2, -3, and -4), all of which appear to associate with fibrillin and the biology of each isoform is reviewed here. The LTBPs were first identified as forming latent complexes with TGFβ by covalently binding the TGFβ propeptide (LAP) via disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum. LAP in turn is cleaved from the mature TGFβ precursor in the trans-golgi network but LAP and TGFβ remain strongly bound through non-covalent interactions. LAP, TGFβ, and LTBP together form the large latent complex (LLC). LTBPs were originally thought to primarily play a role in maintaining TGFβ latency and targeting the latent growth factor to the extracellular matrix (ECM), but it has also been shown that LTBP-1 participates in TGFβ activation by integrins and may also regulate activation by proteases and other factors. LTBP-3 appears to have a role in skeletal formation including tooth development. As well as having important functions in TGFβ regulation, TGFβ-independent activities have recently been identified for LTBP-2 and LTBP-4 in stabilizing microfibril bundles and regulating elastic fiber assembly.
A Tale of Two Façades: Archaeology and the Secularization of an Islamic Past

AbstractThis article examines how certain forms of preservation work to recast the past in rigid terms of secular and religious. Focusing on a series of early Islamic period sites in the Levant, collectively known as the Umayyad qusūr (sometimes referred to as “desert palaces”), this essay traces the ways in which scholars signal the realms of the secular through interpretation of architectonics and iconography. This process of secularization is then further advanced through practices of preservation and display within colonial and nationalist museum contexts on a grand scale. At stake are ethical claims about the value of religion, specifically Islam, in larger discourses of culture and civilization. The paper explores the role played by these approaches to the material past of the early Islamic world for how they perform and police the boundaries of religious and secular materiality.
EXAMiner: A Case Study of the Implementation of a Hazard Recognition Safety Intervention

Within the mining industry, the ability to recognize hazards is essential for mineworkers completing hazard avoidance tasks such as workplace examinations and pre-shift inspections. To help build the necessary skills for hazard recognition, researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have focused their efforts on the development of practical solutions derived from research findings. One such solution is the “Search Like an EXAMiner Safety Intervention,” developed by NIOSH. This program includes EXAMiner, a workplace examination simulation software designed to address critical competencies associated with hazard recognition ability, a training module, and a supervisor worksheet designed for use in conjunction with the software and training module. The purpose of this paper is to present a case study where the “Search Like an EXAMiner Safety Intervention” program was implemented, including the process used to design the intervention, implement the intervention in the field, and evaluate its impact in the field.
Subjectivity in the Human Sciences

Subjectivity is ubiquitous and implies perspectives that range in scope from the intrapersonal (as in individual musings and daydreams) to the intercultural (as in communication between and among identities) and in sophistication from the inchoate babblings of infants to the theoretical pronouncements of philosophers and mathematicians. Q methodology is a philosophical and conceptual framework that, in tandem with its technical and analytical procedures, provides the basis for a science of subjectivity that is applicable across all humanities and sciences as well as their extensions into public policy. This article presents the basic principles and procedures of Q methodology (rooted in the fundamentals of factor-analytic developments of the past century) and demonstrates its applicability to a variety of subject-matter domains, including literary interpretation, strategic planning and decision making, scientific creativity, program evaluation, and the intensive analysis of single cases.
Visible light as an inhibitor of Campylobacter jejuni.

Abstract Campylobacter jejuni is a gram negative, microaerophilic bacteria that is the leading cause of food-borne illnesses in the United States, frequently producing severe diarrhea. Campylobacter jejuni has recently demonstrated antibiotic resistance. Alternative methods for treating these infections must be investigated. Visible light has proven to be an effective inhibitory agent for many medically significant species of bacteria and fungi. We administered visible light in the blue range (405 and 464 nm) to a suspension of Campylobacter jejuni. Brain-heart infusion agar was inoculated with the suspension of the organism following exposure to blue light at a dose of 24 Jcm-2 for each wavelength. Inoculated plates were placed into a traditional Campy jar in order to mimic a 5% O2 atmosphere and incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. Following incubation, colony forming units were counted and compared to controls to determine if the light energy had effectively inhibited the growth of the organism. Both 405 nm and 464nm light at a dose of 24 Jcm-2 was shown to be an effective inhibitor of Campylobacter jejuni with a kill rate ranging from 82.4 - 98.9%. Blue light effectively inhibits Campylobacter jejuni.
Ocean Surface Current Measurement with an Interferometric UHF SAR

In this paper, we report initial results of an experimental investigation into measurement of ocean surface currents with an ultra high frequency synthetic aperture radar (UHF SAR) that supports an along-track interferometric (ATI) mode. We first describe the unique system, the NRL Multiband SAR, used to collect the data. We then present initial results related to two different approaches to current measurement. In the first approach, the surface current is estimated using standard ATI-SAR processing. We show progress in the implementation of this method with an interferometric phase cut across the north wall of the Gulf Stream. In the second, a time-sequence of images of propagating wave-like patterns is first generated using sub-aperture processing of the wide-beam, strip-map data, and this sequence is then transformed into wavenumber-frequency space through a 3D FFT. The surface current is then estimated from the displacement of the wave energy relative to the theoretical surface wave dispersion relation in the absence of any underlying current. We illustrate our progress in this approach with a wavenumber-frequency analysis of a 41-second sub-aperture image sequence of propagating waves.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in a Patient with Factor VII Deficiency

Open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with factor VII deficiency was managed by preoperative administration of Proplex-T. The role of recombinant factor VII in contemporary practice is described.
Resisting rape culture: The ten concubines of 2 Samuel 15–20 and #MeToo:

This article poses this question: how do readers engage sacred texts in ways that honor the work of #MeToo by combatting the normalization of sexual violence within our society, by hearing the voic...
Higher Germline Mutagenesis of Genes with Stronger Testis Expressions Refutes the Transcriptional Scanning Hypothesis

Why are more genes expressed in the testis than in any other organ in mammals? The recently proposed transcriptional scanning hypothesis posits that transcription alleviates mutagenesis through transcription-coupled repair so has been selected in the testis to modulate the germline mutation rate in a gene-specific manner. Here, we show that this hypothesis is theoretically untenable because the selection would be too weak to have an effect in mammals. Furthermore, the analysis purported to support the hypothesis did not control known confounding factors and inappropriately excluded genes with no observed de novo mutations. After remedying these problems, we find the human germline mutation rate of a gene to rise with its testis expression level. This trend also exists for inferred coding strand-originated mutations, suggesting that it arises from transcription-associated mutagenesis. Furthermore, the testis expression level of a gene robustly correlates with its overall expression in other organs, nullifying the need to explain the testis silencing of a minority of genes by adaptive germline mutagenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that human testis transcription increases the germline mutation rate, rejecting the transcriptional scanning hypothesis of extensive gene expressions in the mammalian testis.
A Bogoliubov–de Gennes study of trapped spin-imbalanced unitary Fermi gases

It is quite common that several different phases exist simultaneously in a system of trapped quantum gases of ultra-cold atoms. One example is the strongly interacting Fermi gas with two imbalanced spin species, which has received a great deal of attention owing to the possible occurrence of exotic superfluid phases. By using novel numerical techniques and algorithms, we self-consistently solve the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations, which describe Fermi superfluids in the mean-field framework. From this study, we investigate the novel phases of spin-imbalanced Fermi gases and examine the validity of local density approximation (LDA), which is often invoked in the extraction of bulk properties from experimental measurements within trapped systems. We show how the validity of the LDA is affected by the trapping geometry, the number of atoms and the spin imbalance.
Smartphone goniometer has excellent reliability between novice and experienced physical therapists in assessing knee range of motion.

Abstract Introduction Smartphone app-based goniometer (SG) are emerging as an alternative to Universal Goniometers (UG) in assessing joint range of motion (ROM). This study examined whether the experience level of examiner affected the reliability of assessing knee flexion (KF) and knee extension (KE) ROM using UG and SG. Methods Participants with osteoarthritis of the knee or following total knee replacement were recruited. KF and KE ROM using UG and SG were assessed twice by an experienced physical therapist (PT) and a student PT (SPT). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) examined the interrater (experienced PT vs SPT) and intrarater reliabilities (for experienced PT and SPT) in assessing KF and KE ROM for UG and SG. Concurrent relationships were examined between the knee ROM with pain and physical function using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r). Results The interrater reliability in assessing KF and KE ROM was excellent (ICC>0.90) between novice and experienced examiners. The standard error of measurement (SEM) for novice examiner in assessing KF was 1° and 2° while using UG and SG respectively; whereas the SEM for experienced examiner in assessing KF was 1° irrespective of which device was used. The concurrent relationships between KF and KE ROM with measures of pain and function were divergent (moderate to low correlations; r 0.05). Conclusion Both UG and SG have smaller measurement error in assessing KF and KE ROM irrespective of experience level of examiner and therefore no one tool is superior than the other for assessing knee ROM in clinical practice.