cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-assembling and packaging of microbottle resonators for all-polymer lab-on-chip platform

Abstract An integrated full polymeric sensing platform composed by a self-assembled bottle microresonators packaged with planar waveguide in a stable structure is presented. Microbottles made of SU-8 resist and NOA resins have been fabricated and characterized. The interrogation system is constituted by evanescently coupled planar waveguide fabricated in SU-8 on polymethyl methacrylate substrate. A simple and effective method for the packaging of the microbottle has been adopted. It provides high mechanical stability to avoid surrounding disturbance able to affect the coupling efficiency between the resonator and the waveguide. The choice of polymers as fabrication material enables the use of this method for low-cost lab-on-chip production. The viability of the platform has been demonstrated via refractometric sensing establishing a bulk sensitivity of 120 nm per refractive index unit.
Expert and Student User Evaluation of Semantic Protocol Search

Evaluation of intelligent search with support from advanced natural language processing (NLP) technologies is labor-intense and related tasks are very trivial. This study introduced user relevance feedback procedures and relevance measures to evaluate our SPRIT-NLP semantic search system. The historical protocol archives of our organization were annotated using UMLS (Unified Medical Language Systems) concepts and indexed by Solr to test these evaluation settings. The outcome demonstrated concept-based semantic search is very effective to retrieve many categories of clinical queries.
The Value of Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Cases That Are Localized with Two Imaging Studies

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy has become a preferred approach for primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with a single parathyroid adenoma. Preoperative localization studies and intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) are important adjuncts, with surgeons often relying on ioPTH to confirm cure. The utility of ioPTH in patients with two concordant preoperative localization studies that accurately predict single parathyroid adenomas, remains controversial. This chapter explores the evidence for the use of ioPTH is this setting.
Do toxicity patterns vary between programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand-1 inhibitors?

There are currently four immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) approved for the treatment of stage III or stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the United States, with dozens more in clinical development. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies, while atezolizumab and durvalumab are antibodies to programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) (1-5).
Use of carbon isotopic ratios in nontargeted analysis to screen for anthropogenic compounds in complex environmental matrices.

Abstract Analytical data for ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), nontargeted, high-resolution, mass-spectrometry (HR/MS) molecular features from a wide array of samples are used to calculate 13C112C(n-1)/12Cn isotopologue ratios. These ratios increase with molecular carbon number roughly following a trend defined by atmospheric carbon. When the effective source reservoir 13C/12C ratio is calculated from the isotopologue ratio (assuming a fractionation factor of unity), features in biotic samples uniformly are tightly grouped, proximate to atmospheric 13C/12C ratio. In contrast, features in soil natural organic matter (NOM), dust NOM and anthropogenic compounds range from proximate to relatively divergent from atmospheric 13C/12C. For the NOM, 13C/12C ratios are consistent with an expected preferential volatilization of 12C, rendering features in soil NOM 13C-enriched and some features in dust NOM 13C-depleted. Anthropogenic compounds tend to diverge most dramatically from atmospheric 13C/12C, generally toward 13C-depletion, but pesticides we tested tended toward 13C-enriched. This pattern is robust and evident in: i) anthropogenic vs natural features in dust; ii) perfluorinated compounds in standards and as soil contaminants; and iii) sunscreen compounds in commercial products and wastewater. Considering the observed wide 13C/12C range for anthropogenic compounds, we suggest Rayleigh distillation during synthetic processes commonly favors one isotope over the other, rendering a source reservoir that is progressively depleted as synthesis proceeds and, consequently, generates a wide variation in 13C/12C for man-made products. However, kinetic-isotopic effects and/or synthesis from petroleum/natural gas might contribute to the anthropogenic isotopic signature as well. Regardless of cause, 13C/12C can be used to cull HR/MS molecular features that are more likely to be of anthropogenic or non-biotic origin.
Remotely Actuated Needle Driving Device for MRI-Guided Percutaneous Interventions

In this paper we introduce a remotely actuated MRI-compatible needle driving device for pain injections in the lower back. This device is able to manipulate the needle inside the closed-bore MRI scanner under the control of the interventional radiologist inside both the scanner room and the console room. The device consists of a 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) needle driver and an actuation box. The 2-DOF needle driver is placed inside the scanner bore and driven by the actuation box settled at the end of the table through a beaded chain transmission. This novel remote actuation design could reduce the weight and profile of the needle driver that is mounted on the patient, as well as minimize the potential imaging noise introduced by the actuation electronics. The actuation box is designed to perform needle intervention in both manual and motorized fashion by utilizing a mode switch mechanism. A mechanical hard stop is also incorporated to improve the device’s safety. The bench-top accuracy evaluation of the device demonstrated a small mean needle placement error < 1 mm) in a phantom study.
Education in the Five E’s Period (1954–1983)

This chapter explores how the latter half of the twentieth century afforded opportunities to expand the public schools in a variety of means. It begins with a discussion on equality (presaging the civil rights movements), excellence (specifically in science and math), expansion (accommodating the Baby Boomers and the unintended consequences), expertise (certifying experts and opening the field to more diversity), and emancipation (removing public schools from local control). It concludes with a discussion on the educational legacies of this period and recommendations for further reading.
Cytokine Network and Sexual Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Men Who Have Sex With Men.

BACKGROUND Seminal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from men to their partners remains the main driver of HIV epidemics worldwide. Semen is not merely a carrier of the virus, but also provides an immunological milieu that affects HIV transmission. METHODS We collected blood and semen from people with HIV whose epidemiologically linked sexual partners either did or did not acquire HIV. Viral transmission was confirmed by phylogenetic linkage (HIV pol). We measured the concentration of 34 cytokines/chemokines by Luminex in the blood and semen of 21 source partners who transmitted HIV (transmitters) and 22 who did not transmit HIV (nontransmitters) to their sexual partners. Differences between cytokine profiles in transmitters versus nontransmitters were analyzed using the multivariate statistical technique of partial least square discriminant analysis. RESULTS The cytokine profile in seminal fluid, but not in peripheral blood, was significantly different between men who have sex with men (MSM) who transmitted HIV and those who did not transmit HIV to their sexual partners (E = 19.77; P < .01). This difference persisted after excluding people with undetectable HIV RNA levels in nontransmitters. CONCLUSIONS Seminal cytokine profiles correlated with transmission or nontransmission of HIV from the infected MSM to their partners, independently from seminal viral load. Seminal cytokine spectra might be a contributing determinant of sexual HIV transmission, thus providing new directions for the development of strategies aimed at preventing HIV transmission.
Development of the influence, motivation, and patient activation in diabetes (IMPACT-D™) measure.

Abstract Aims We sought to create a new research and clinical instrument –the Influence and Motivation for Patient ACTivation in Diabetes care (IMPACT-D™) - to measure the degree to which patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) value health and believe they can influence it. Methods Candidate items were generated via a literature review, expert opinion, and qualitative interviews and focus groups with T2DM patients in Chicago, IL and Chapel Hill, NC. Psychometric testing guided by item response theory was conducted among an online panel of 500 English-speaking adults with T2DM. Differential item functioning analyses evaluated item performance across key participant characteristics. To determine construct validity, IMPACT-D™ scores were compared to other general measures of personality and patient activation. A second study among 300 patients recruited from two internal medicine clinics further assessed associations between the IMPACT-D™ and health outcomes. Cognitive interviews confirmed patient understanding of IMPACT-D™ items and instructions. Results Exploratory factor analyses revealed a single-factor solution that included 6 items. The IMPACT-D™ demonstrated adequate reliability (α = 0.72) and moderate construct validity with patient activation (r = 0.51, p Conclusions The IMPACT-D holds potential for use in both clinical care and research applications. Future studies should evaluate how to best operationalize its use for both settings.
Safety Checklist Implementation Did Not Reduce Central Venous Catheter Duration in Pediatric Cardiac ICU Patients.

The Center for Disease Control recommends prompt removal of nonessential central venous catheters (CVCs) to reduce the risk for central line-associated bloodstream infections. Safety checklists have been trialed to reduce nonessential CVC days, but pediatric studies are lacking. Our specific aim was to detect >10% reduction in mean CVC duration after implementation of a safety checklist addressing CVCs in our unit. Methods All patients admitted to the Congenital Cardiovascular Care Unit at New York University Langone Medical Center who had a CVC placed between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017, were included. We implemented a checklist addressing CVC use in our unit on June 7, 2013, and modified it on March 10, 2016. We analyzed quarterly mean CVC duration and postsurgical CVC duration over the study period using statistical process control charts. Results We placed 778 CVCs for 7,947 CVC days during the study period. We noted special cause variation from Q4 2013 to Q2 2014 and a centerline shift in mean CVC duration from 8.91 to 11.10 days in Q1 2015. In a subgroup analysis of the 657 lines placed in surgical patients, there was a centerline shift in mean CVC duration from 6.48 to 8.86 days in Q4 2013. Conclusions Our study demonstrated an unexpected increase in mean CVC duration after the implementation of a safety checklist designed to decrease nonessential CVC days. Additional studies are needed to identify the ideal method to detect and remove nonessential CVCs and reduce the risk of preventable harm.
Development of a system for low-temperature ultrafast optical study of three-dimensional magnon and spin orbital torque dynamics

An ultrafast vector magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) microscope with integrated time-synchronized electrical pulses, two-dimensional magnetic fields, and low-temperature capabilities is reported. The broad range of capabilities of this instrument allows the comprehensive study of spin-orbital interaction-driven magnetization dynamics in a variety of novel magnetic materials or heterostructures: (1) electrical-pump and optical-probe spectroscopy allows the study of current-driven magnetization dynamics in the time domain, (2) two-dimensional magnetic fields along with the vector MOKE microscope allow the thorough study of the spin-orbital-interaction induced magnetization re-orientation in arbitrary directions, and (3) the low-temperature capability allows us to explore novel materials/devices where emergent phenomena appear at low temperature. We discuss the details and challenges of this instrument development and integration and present two datasets that demonstrate and benchmark the capabilities of this instrument: (a) a room-temperature time-domain study of current-induced magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayer and (b) a low-temperature quasi-static polar MOKE study of the magnetization of a novel compensated ferrimagnet.
Atomistic simulations of the thermal conductivity of liquids

We present a method based on sinusoidal approach to equilibrium molecular dynamics (SAEMD) to compute the thermal conductivity of liquids. Similar to nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, and unlike equilibrium simulations based on the Green-Kubo formalism, the method only requires the calculation of forces and total energies. The evaluation of heat fluxes and energy densities is not necessary, thus offering the promise of efficiently implementing first principles simulations based on density functional theory or deep molecular dynamics. Our approach is a generalization of SAEMD for solids, where the thermal conductivity is computed in the steady state, instead of a transient regime, thus properly taking into account diffusive terms in the heat equation. We present results for liquid water at ambient conditions and under pressure and discuss simulation requirements to obtain converged values of the thermal conductivity as a function of size and simulation time.
Sex/Gender: Biology in a Social World

Chapter 1: A Genderless Future? Chapter 2: Of Spirals and Layers. Chapter 3: Of Molecules and Sex. Chapter 4: Of Hormones and Brains. Chapter Five: Am I a Boy or a Girl?-- The Emergence of Gender Identity. Chapter 6: Thinking about Homosexuality. Chapter 7: Thinking about Groups Thinking about Individuals. Chapter 8: Pink and Blue Forever. Chapter 9: The Developmental Dynamics of Pink and Blue. Chapter 10: Epilogue:The Future of Gender (and Sex).
Type 1 Cardio-Renal Syndrome

Patients with heart failure commonly develop organ dysfunction as a consequence of impaired blood perfusion or non-hemodynamic indirect injury, and often subsequent progression of renal dysfunction is associated with poor clinical prognosis. While neurohormonal system activation, systemic inflammatory reaction, and hemodynamic derangement are considered the central pathology in acute (or Type 1) cardio-renal syndrome (CRS), there is growing evidence that intricate networks of mediators participate in the process of cardio-renal injury. However, current treatment strategies are unable to effectively modulate this complex interplay of mediators in order to reverse true cardio-renal injury. The presence of conglomerated cardio-renal mediators in advanced CRS often hampers clinician efforts to recognize proper causal relationships in CRS progress. Either imprecise decongestive treatment or imperfect biomarker-based assessment of renal function can contribute to undesirable outcomes. Hence, there is a pressing need to gain insights into vulnerable cardio-renal substrates during subclinical stages of CRS rather than to overcome such mediators during overt CRS.
The “laborless fuel”: Landscape, energy transitions and natural gas in the postwar U.S.:

The dire need for an energy transition to mitigate and reverse global warming is inspiring scholars to reexamine political influences on technological systems. The multi-level perspective of the so...
Chronic, low-level nitrogen deposition enhances abundances of ant-protected herbivores inhabiting an imperiled foundation species

Abstract Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is driving changes in plant assemblages worldwide, but animal responses are not well understood, especially in relation to current widespread rates of low-level N deposition. Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) is a foundation species in steppe ecosystems of western North America, where elevated, but low-level N deposition is prevalent. Sagebrush hosts numerous herbivorous and predatory arthropods, some of which form mutualistic (i.e. mutually beneficial) herbivore-predator associations that may be harmful for sagebrush. Here, I evaluated the response of a sagebrush arthropod assemblage to four and nine years of low-level N enrichment in Colorado, USA. Though sagebrush cover and arthropod abundances were not different in the fourth year, by the ninth year, N additions increased arthropod abundances due to greater numbers of sap-feeding insects that are mutualist partners of predaceous ants. Ant and non-mutualist herbivore abundances did not significantly respond to N treatments in the ninth year, but non-mutualist predators were only found in ambient N plots, suggesting ants provided greater anti-predator protection for mutualist herbivores under N enrichment. These responses occurred during drought conditions, which may have increased sagebrush nutritional quality for sap-feeding insects. Sagebrush is experiencing multiple stressors that are transforming steppe ecosystems; these results suggest chronic exposure to common rates of low-level N deposition may create further stress as herbivorous insects proliferate. Additional work is needed to understand and manage the repercussions of N deposition for plant-animal assemblages, particularly in contexts including species of conservation concern and both mutualistic and antagonistic species interactions.
Coping With Addictive Opioid Markets

Opioid dependence is a global issue that tears through the social, legal, and economic fabrics of society, and its effects on public health and years of life lost due to death/disability are concerning. Addiction poses a risk to national security, especially in regions devastated by war and natural disasters. Thus, there needs to be action on both a national level and an international level to help curb this epidemic. Evidence-based methods that focus on preventing and treating opiate misuse and addiction have been shown to be far more effective in reducing demand, mortality, and morbidity associated with addictive markets as compared to punitive tactics, such as criminalization, interdiction, and incarceration. Iran and Portugal provide case examples of countries that have found success in taking progressive approaches in intervening with the opioid crisis. Analysis of their approaches, along with discussion of other modalities, is paramount to understanding how this global issue can be contained.
Radioiodine Imaging and Treatment in Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 are crucial for development and differentiation of various cells in the body. They are also essential for regulating metabolism in nearly all tissues. Iodine is an integral element in the synthesis of thyroid hormone and is actively transported into the thyroid by a Na+/I- symporter. The thyroid can take up radioactive iodine just like it would take iodine and hence can be used to evaluate and treat several thyroid diseases. Radioactive iodine is one of the first radioisotopes to be used in medicine.
Understanding and Undermining the Development of Gender Dichotomies: The Legacy of Sandra Lipsitz Bem

Sandra Bem has profoundly affected the ways that gender, gender roles, and gender development have been conceptualized and investigated by generations of scholars. Her legacy also offers an inspiring model of how academic scholarship can promote gender-egalitarian policy and practice. In our review, we identify four ways that Bem’s work has shaped gender-development scholarship in general, and our individual and collaborative programs of research in particular. The empirical research and policy we discuss are drawn primarily from the United States, the context in which Bem worked and lived. We begin by describing Bem’s analysis and critique of the societal practices that establish gender as a highly salient social category in the first place. We then outline her contributions to gender-schema approaches, including her conceptual work on gender-schema theories and her empirical work on the effects of gender schematicity on memory and self-socialization. Next we review the parenting strategies Bem suggested and enacted as she attempted to raise gender aschematic, egalitarian children. In the closing section we reflect on Bem’s lifelong commitment to connecting the spheres of social science research, personal life, and public policy. In addition to highlighting ways in which her work has already proven to be inspirational for our own and others’ scholarship and action, we point to ways that it offers rich ideas for future research and action that may clarify gender-developmental processes and may further reduce the constraining effects of societal gender dichotomies on new generations of children.
A geometric algorithm for automatic riser determination and shrinkage identification in directionally solidifying castings

A geometric approach for analysis of castings is outlined and contrasted with physics-based simulations. The approach uses a linear-time algorithm to create an implicit geometry representation known as a distance field. Local maxima are extracted from the distance field using heuristic search logic to determine isolated heavy sections and hotspots. Unsound sections are determined by combining hotspot results with regions of constant distance-field value. Possible uses of the algorithm as an augmentation for application of physics-based solvers is explored. The algorithm is compared against a commercially available simulation software package.
Construction and characterization of the soybean leaf metalloproteinase cDNA

Abstract The cloning and analysis of a cDNA clone encoding the soybean metalloproteinase obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) reaction are described. The cDNA was constructed from poly(A) + RNA isolated from 15–17 day old leaves. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA reveals that the plant metalloproteinase is synthesized as a preproenzyme and the proenzyme form shares a structural motif, responsible for maintenance of inactive zymogen, with the matrix metalloproteinase (e.g. collagenase) family of enzymes from vertebrate origin. Northern and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the metalloproteinase transcript and protein are under a strict developmental program in that both are expressed only in leaf tissue and in a temporal fashion. The physiological function of the metalloproteinase still remains unclear although the data suggest that the enzyme is extracellular and a portion of the mature form of the enzyme is tightly bound to the cell wall. © 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
The Upper Atmosphere of Venus: A Review

The upper atmospheres of Venus and Mars have, for a number of years now, been the subject of a detailed study by aeronomers. These atmospheres have presented a number of intriguing photochemical and dynamical problems. A number of these problems still remain unsolved, particularly on Venus, for which much less space-probe data are available than on Mars.
Integration of GIS, remote sensing, and visualization

This paper explores the development of an idea conceived a number of years ago for the integration of three diverse technologies into a system capable of supporting a wide variety of applications. The concept of Virtual Geographic Information System (VGIS) was developed in the early 1990's even though no technology base existed that would support real time implementation of the idea. The VGIS concept grew out of the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Visualization (Viz) into a comprehensive tool that is now used at Georgia Tech in terrain analysis, environmental analysis, weather radar visualization, weather model understanding, situational visualization for emergency response, etc. The implementation of the concept culminated in the development of a system called the Georgia Tech Virtual GIS System (GTVGIS). This paper will discuss the evolution of the system, its applications at Georgia Tech, and the new directions and commercial utilization of similar concepts.
Accessing quality early care and education for children in child welfare: Stakeholders' perspectives on barriers and opportunities for interagency collaboration

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that high quality early care and education (ECE) programs can improve children's developmental outcomes, particularly for at-risk children. Yet, ECE remains under-utilized by children in the child welfare system. This study illuminates some of the reasons for this by presenting findings from a series of ten focus groups with child welfare workers, ECE providers, and parents/caregivers of young children involved with the child welfare system (N = 78). Fourteen themes emerged regarding organizational and system-level barriers to enrolling children involved with the child welfare system in ECE. These include generic barriers to inter-agency collaboration in human services, such as challenging work climates characterized by limited resources, high workloads and staff turnover, and lack of guidelines for collaborative infrastructure. Findings more specific to inter-agency collaboration between child welfare and ECE include the disruptive effect of foster placement changes and case closures on ECE stability, policies restricting ECE eligibility and availability for birth and/or foster parents, and child welfare workers' limited understanding of the value of high quality, learning based ECE programs versus custodial child care, particularly for infants and toddlers. Policy and practice recommendations to improve ECE utilization and service coordination among child welfare and ECE organizations are discussed.
Reforming Higher Education in the Middle East—and Elsewhere

Among the rallying cries of the youthful revolutionary movements in the Middle East is a demand to reform higher education. The complaints are numerous and well founded. They include political interference at many levels, overcrowded classrooms, an inefficient and unresponsive administration, a decline in quality at all levels, an irrelevant curriculum, underqualified professors, and perhaps most significantly—degrees that do not lead to jobs.
Stress examination of supination external rotation-type fibular fractures.

Background: Deltoid incompetence in association with an isolated fibular fracture is assumed to be present if there is medial tenderness, ecchymosis, or substantial swelling. We sought to determine whether these soft-tissue indicators predict deltoid incompetence by comparing such findings with the findings on stress radiographs. Methods: Over a thirty-two-month period, 138 patients who presented acutely with a Weber type-B supination-external rotation (SE) fibular fracture were evaluated for tenderness (in nine locations), ecchymosis, and swelling. Patients who presented with an apparently isolated fibular fracture and an intact ankle mortise (with a medial clear space of ≤4 mm and no talar subluxation) were evaluated with a stress radiograph to determine deltoid competence. Four groups of patients were identified: those who had an SE2 fracture (defined as those who had a stable ankle on the stress radiograph), those who had a stress (+) SE4 fracture (defined as those who had an unstable ankle on the stress radiograph), those who had an SE4 fracture (defined as those who presented with a wide medial clear space), and those who had a bimalleolar fracture. These four groups were compared with regard to tenderness, swelling, and ecchymosis at the time of initial presentation. Patients with SE2 injuries were allowed immediate weight-bearing. Results: Of the ninety-seven patients who presented with an isolated fibular fracture and an intact mortise, sixty-one had a stable SE2 injury and thirty-six had an unstable stress (+) SE4 injury. All stable SE2 injuries healed with an intact mortise. Medial tenderness, ecchymosis, and swelling were not predictive of deltoid incompetence (instability). Conclusions: Stress radiographs allow for the accurate diagnosis of deltoid incompetence in patients with Weber type-B SE fibular fractures and no other osseous injury. Soft-tissue indicators are not accurate predictors of instability. If medial tenderness, ecchymosis, and swelling are used as operative indications, in some cases surgery may be performed on stable ankles. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic study, Level II-1 (development of diagnostic criteria on basis of consecutive patients [with universally applied reference “gold” standard]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effects of l-tryptophan and ethanol on sleep parameters in the rat

Sleep parameters were monitored following (1) a single 2 g/kg oral dose of ethanol, (2) an oral dose of l-tryptophan (600 mg/kg), and (3) administration of both drugs simultaneously. Ethanol reduced REM and increased slow wave significantly. The effects of l-tryptophan were apparent only in the case of one parameter, REM latency. Administration of both drugs resulted in a significantly shorter REM latency than that observed for ethanol administered alone. Results are discussed in terms of possible changes in the biosynthesis of 5-HT.
Moving to a continuing care retirement community: occupations in the therapeutic landscape process.

The process of transitioning into, and living in, a retirement community can be usefully examined with the concept of ‘therapeutic landscapes.’ While underutilized in anthropology and gerontology, the concept offers a combination of geographical and cultural views on the place and well-being relationship. The inclusion of an occupational science perspective, wherein occupations (or everyday activities of meaning) are seen as a crucial part of the person-place relationship, should enhance the therapeutic landscape perspective of older persons and their retirement communities. We present a case study analysis that attempts to combine these perspectives and examine the role of occupation in the lives of older people who moved to a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC). 116 movers completed pre- and post-move questionnaires about their levels of engagement in 20 activities. Frequency distributions, paired t-tests, and logistic regression analyses performed on the data indicate that while overall levels of activity did not change from pre- to post-move, patterns of engagement did change in the course of the move to the CCRC. Some social and cultural activities (e.g., parties, concerts, movies, meetings) increased in frequency, and some maintenance chores (e.g., grocery shopping, housekeeping) and communication (email) decreased in frequency. Moreover, total activity engagement after the move was associated with residential satisfaction in the CCRC. Even with their limitations, the data and analytical findings suggest that occupations are an important part of the CCRC therapeutic landscape process.
Unusual hydrogen effect in olefin dehydrogenation: 1-methylcyclohexene dehydrogenation initiated by excess hydrogen over Pt(111) surfaces, a combined sum frequency generation spectroscopy and kinetic study

Dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of 1-methylcyclohexene (C7H12) at 1.5 Torr on Pt(111) in the presence and absence of excess hydrogen were studied using gas chromatography and sum frequency genera...
Differential cortical neurotrophin and cytogenetic adaptation after voluntary exercise in normal and amnestic rats

Voluntary exercise (VEx) has profound effects on neural and behavioral plasticity, including recovery of CNS trauma and disease. However, the unique regional cortical adaption to VEx has not been elucidated. In a series of experiments, we first examined whether VEx would restore and retain neurotrophin levels in several cortical regions (frontal cortex [FC], retrosplenial cortex [RSC], occipital cortex [OC]) in an animal model (pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency [PTD]) of the amnestic disorder Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. In addition, we assessed the time-dependent effect of VEx to rescue performance on a spontaneous alternation task. Following 2-weeks of VEx or stationary housing conditions (Stat), rats were behaviorally tested and brains were harvested either the day after VEx (24-h) or after an additional 2-week period (2-wk). In both control pair-fed (PF) rats and PTD rats, all neurotrophin levels (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], nerve growth factor [NGF], and vascular endothelial growth factor) increased at the 24-h period after VEx in the FC and RSC, but not OC. Two-weeks following VEx, BDNF remained elevated in both FC and RSC, whereas NGF remained elevated in only the FC. Interestingly, VEx only recovered cognitive performance in amnestic rats when there was an additional 2-wk adaptation period after VEx. Given this unique temporal profile, Experiment 2 examined the cortical cytogenetic responses in all three cortical regions following a 2-wk adaptation period after VEx. In healthy (PF) rats, VEx increased the survival of progenitor cells in both the FC and RSC, but only increased oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OLPs) in the FC. Furthermore, VEx had a selective effect of only recovering OLPs in the FC in PTD rats. These data reveal the therapeutic potential of exercise to restore cortical plasticity in the amnestic brain, and that the FC is one of the most responsive cortical regions to VEx.
Linking Feedback Quality and Goal Orientation to Feedback Seeking and Job Performance

Contemporary feedback researchers have adopted theoretical perspectives in which personal characteristics interact with aspects of the feedback environment to influence feedback-related perceptions, feedback seeking, and job performance. To test these assertions, this study incorporates implicit person theory, uncertainty reduction theory, and Korman's theory of work motivation (2001) to develop a model that links a critical aspect of the feedback environment (feedback quality) and goal orientation to perceptions of feedback utility, feedback seeking, role clarity, and task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors. Results from supervisor–subordinate dyadic data (N = 202) obtained from employed students largely support the hypothesized model. Implications are discussed.
On the existence of positive solutions for semilinear elliptic equations with singular lower order coefficients and Dirichlet boundary conditions

We give sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions to some semilinear elliptic equations in bounded domains \(D \subset \Bbb R^n\)\((n\ge 3)\) with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We impose mild conditions on the domains and lower order (nonlinear) coefficients of the equations in that the bounded domains are only required to satisfy an exterior cone condition and we allow the coefficients to have singularities controlled by Kato class functions. Our approach uses an implicit probabilistic representation, Schauder's fixed point theorem, and new a priori estimates for solutions of the corresponding linear elliptic equations. In the course of deriving these a priori estimates we show that the Green functions for operators of the form \({1\over 2} \Delta + b\cdot \nabla\) on D are comparable when one modifies the drift term b on a compact subset of D. This generalizes a previous result of Ancona [2], obtained under an \(L^p\) condition on b, to a Kato condition on \(|b|^2\).
Comminuted diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna: does bone grafting affect nonunion rate?

Background: The recommendation of Anderson and colleagues to bone graft even relatively minor amounts of comminution (a third of the bone diameter) in the treatment of diaphyseal forearm fractures with plate-and-screw fixation has been questioned. This study examines factors related to nonunion in adult patients with comminuted diaphyseal fractures of both the radius and the ulna to determine the relative influence of bone grafting. Methods: Over a 15-year period at two hospitals, 41 patients with diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones satisfied the following criteria: comminution (Orthopaedic Trauma Association grade IV or higher) of at least one fracture; treatment with 3.5- or 4.5-mm dynamic compression plates at least six holes in length; and minimum 12-month follow-up. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the contribution of the following factors to the risk of nonunion: multiple injuries; ipsilateral upper extremity injury; open wound; and the application of cancellous bone graft at the fracture site. Results: Five patients had nonunion of one or both bones (12%). According to the multiple logistic regression model, none of the factors studied had a statistically significant association with nonunion (p > 0.40 for all). The odds ratios were as follows: multiple injuries, 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-12.9); ipsilateral injury, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.058-7.84); open fracture, 1.46 (95% CI, 0.21-9.89); and bone graft, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.15-6.42). Conclusion: Nonunion occurred in 12% of comminuted, diaphyseal fractures of both bones of the forearm treated with dynamic compression plates. No single factor was associated with nonunion. In particular, the use of bone graft was not associated with a higher rate of union.
Roles of sex and ethnicity in procurement coordinator—family communication during the organ donation discussion

Context—Interpersonal relations with health care providers influence families' decisions to consent to solid-organ donation. However, previous research has been based on retrospective interviews with donation-eligible families and has not directly examined the interpersonal interactions between families and organ procurement coordinators.Objective—To increase understanding of the interpersonal interaction between procurement coordinators and families during the organ donation discussion, with special attention to the influence of the sex and race of the procurement coordinator and the race of the potential donor's family.Design—A descriptive study in which standardized patients portrayed family members interacting with actual procurement coordinators in simulated donation request scenarios.Setting and Participants—Thirty-three videotaped interactions between standardized patients and 17 procurement coordinators involving 2 different scenarios depicting deceased donation were evaluated.Main Outcome Measure...
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase deficiency decreases survival in bacterial peritonitis and sepsis.

Objective To investigate the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) in murine polymicrobial peritonitis and sepsis.
Decomposition of indium nitride by ion bombardment with the formation of indium tungstate

Abstract Bombardment by Kr (3 MeV) ions of a fine powder of InN on a W substrate results in decomposition to indium and to the formation of indium tungstate In 0.4WO3 or InW3O9. By contrast, bombardments at 150 keV results in the decomposition but no further reaction. The formation of Indium tungstate is considered an ion mixing reaction induced by the 3 MeV ions. The decomposition of the InN is not due to an ordinary heating effect.
High mathematical creativity in a pair of identical twins.

Abstract This article reports an incidental finding in an investigation undertaken by the author (Haylock, 1984) into aspects of mathematical creativity in 11- to 12-year-old children. The two most mathematically creative pupils in the sample of 280 were identical twin boys. Moreover, these two boys were found to have almost identical profiles in a series of assessments of some significant personality and attitude characteristics.
Emergency Contraception Provision: A Survey of Michigan Physicians from Five Medical Specialties

Objective: Despite the controversy over expanding delivery options for emergency contraceptive pills (ECP), little is known about physicians′ attitudes toward over-the-counter (OTC) provision of ECP, and prior research on physicians′ practices often has focused on a single specialty. This study examined the attitudes and practices regarding advance provision and OTC status of ECP among physicians in five medical specialties likely to encounter patients in need of ECP. Methods: A mail survey of a random sample of 850 Michigan physicians in family/general medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, and emergency medicine was conducted. Respondents′ ECP-related attitudes and practices were assessed, and differences by physician characteristics were examined using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Two hundred seventy-one physicians responded to the survey (response rate = 32%), with 42% of them favoring OTC provision of ECP and 40% opposing it. Half ...
Decreased body mass in copper-deficient rats is due to decreased food consumption and not food utilization

Decreased body mass as related to food intake and food efficiency was studied in three groups of rats fed either diets adequate (6 mg Cu/kg diet), marginal (2 mg Cu/kg diet) or deficient (< 1 mg Cu/kg diet) in copper for 5 weeks. Six rats in each of these three groups had daily food intake and body mass gains quantified. Decreased body mass in copper-deficient rats was found to be due to a decrease food intake beginning at week 4 of the study. Food conversion ratio did not differ by dietary copper level. Calculation of maintenance and gain coefficients revealed that decreased copper intake resulted in greater maintenance coefficients. This suggests that in copper restricted rats, the caloric requirements for maintenance appears greater in that more food appeared devoted to this function as opposed to body mass gain.
Forest Litter Decomposition in Relation to Soil Nitrogen Dynamics and Litter Quality

Decomposition and changes in nitrogen and organic—chemical content of six types of forest litter were studied for 2 yr in five adjacent Wisconsin forests. The five forests were floristically dissimilar, being dominated respectively by sugar maple (Acer saccharum), white oak (Quercus alba), bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata), white pine (Pinus strobus), and hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Nitrogen mineralization rates in the five stands ranged from 29 to 125 kg°ha—1°yr—1. Decomposition rates of transplanted sugar maple leaves and red maple (Acer rubrum) wood were not correlated with nitrogen mineralization rates in all five stands, indicating that nitrogen mineralization rates do not affect initial decomposition rates. However, mineralization rates were correlated with decomposition rates of the native dominant foliage litter. Nitrogen first accumulated in all litters, but by the end of the 2—yr incubation period nitrogen release had begun in all foliage litters. Nitrogen concentrations increased approximately linearly with cumulative mass loss but eventually declined in some foliage litters. Neither maximum amount of nitrogen accumulated nor amount accumulated per gram of litter mass loss was related to the rate of soil nitrogen mineralization. Chemical composition of litter affected decomposition rates and patterns. Soluble substances and litters relatively rich in solubles disappeared rapidly during early stages of decomposition. Eventually, slowly disappearing acid—soluble and acid—insoluble substances dominated the pattern of mass loss in all litters.
Nikon projection lens update

This paper describes various kinds of technological improvements in ArF projection lenses for success in very low-k1 and high NA lithography. This paper covers optical design, lens manufacturing, aberration characterization, aberration manipulation, flare control, and linear polarizing illumination. Actual lens performance of the Nikon NSR-S307E (0.85NA ArF Optics) is also reviewed.
Death Education: A Model of Student-Participatory Learning.

Abstract This article describes a student-participatory death education course offered at a small private liberal arts university. As active participants, students collaborated in the design of course content and requirements that reflected their interests and concerns. The first three sections of this paper outline course background, content, and requirements. The remaining two sections summarize students' evaluations of their experience along with the author's recommendations for course improvement. Overall, students responded positively to their involvement in the learning process.
The EMI suppression of Ultra Thin MEMS microphone package

In this paper, we propose an Ultra Thin Flip-chip Package (UTFP) for MEMS microphone. We analyzed the electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise on the signal trace and E-field strength distribution in the package. To achieve the EMI suppression of MEMS microphone packages, we increased the quantity of the micro bumps, added the ground via in the substrate, and applied the metal coating around the acoustic port. The results show that the metal-coating acoustic port will increase EMI suppression by 14dB.
Differential Charging in XPS. Part I: Demonstration of Lateral Charging in a Bulk Insulator Using Imaging XPS

Recent literature has drawn a distinction between charging across the surface (lateral differential charging) and charging with depth (vertical differential charging) for insulating samples. In this study, differential charging in a bulk insulator was investigated using imaging and small-area spectra acquired with a monochromatic x-ray source. With no charge neutralization, reproducible photoelectron images and spectra could be acquired from a glass sample after ∼90 min of x-ray exposure. The charge shifts and photoelectron peak shapes vary as a function of x-ray flux on the sample, indicating that lateral charging is the dominant mechanism on a bulk insulator. Uniform binding energies, photoelectron peak shapes and images are acquired with the charge neutralizer on.
The implications of social structure for dominance hierarchies in red deer, Cervus elaphus L

Abstract A recent paper by Iverson & Sade (J. quant. Anthropol., 1990, 2, 61–83) suggests that red deer stags that are high in a dominance ranking are equally likely to defeat those lower in the ranking, regardless of how different they are in their relative positions. Their result contradicts the common observation that stags find it easier to defeat those far below them in the hierarchy than those close to them in the hierarchy. This paper demonstrates that the apparent contradiction can be eliminated by considering two questions about the structure of agonistic encounters: ‘Who fights with whom?’ and ‘Who fights at all?’.
Stability of Masculinity-Femininity Scores over an Eleven-Year Period.

The Gough Femininity Scale was administered to students in an introductory psychology class at an urban community college over an 11-year period. Means for male and female students maintained the same relative difference for the 11 years and were not different from Gough's 1952 standardization sample.
The control problem in the complex plant

Abstract The control problem in the complex plant considered by J ackson is shown to be a special case of P ontryagin 's general problem, and it is shown that such a system satisfies a strong maximum principle.
138 NITROGEN AND FAT DEPOSITION IN PRETERM INFANTS FED A FORMULA WITH 5 OR 40% MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCE-CERIDES(MCT)

Formulas specially designed for preterm infants contain up to 50% MCT. The effects of MCT(C8 and C10) on growth and composition of weight gain were studied in infants receiving formula (Nutricia, Holland) with 5% or 40% of fat as MCT, providing 12 g carbohydrates-, 3.3 g protein and 6.8 g fat per kg·day. 72 hr balance studies were performed at 4 weeks of age. Simultaneously, 6 hr periods of indirect calorimetry were performed to measure substrate oxidation. Nitrogen and fat deposition was calculated from intake, losses and oxidation. As mean ± 1sd: