cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Putting The Pieces Together: A Proposal For a Contributory Infringement Provision In Patent Law

Among the top five countries who have filed the most patent applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) in 2015, China is the only country that has no provision regarding contributory patent infringement. As a result, in patent cases related to contributory infringement, different courts have adopted different criteria to determine whether contributory patent infringement is present. This has resulted in many problems in China, causing confusion and conflicts in understanding among patent holders and the public. With the increase of patent infringement cases in China, legislation on the standard of contributory patent infringement is imminent. This Article puts forward a proposal for such a provision, which includes a four-factor test for contributory patent infringement that would be added to Chinese patent law by surveying the doctrine of contributory infringement in the United States, Japan and Germany, along with the current legislative and judicial situation in China. Since the legislative history and current situation in China differ from the United States, Japan and Germany, the proposed provision for contributory patent infringement differs from the equivalent provision found in the laws in those countries. However, the proposed provision could maintain a good balance between the interests of patent rights holders and the public. The provision would also likely be accepted by the legislative institutions and courts of China. This proposal helps unify criteria for judging contributory patent infringement and encourages innovation in China, advancing the global harmonization of patent law. 7 QUAN FINAL.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 6/17/16 9:43 AM 2016] PUTTING THE PIECES TOGETHER 477
“At times I kinda felt I was in an institution”: Supportive housing for transition age youth and young adults

Abstract Housing stability is essential for young adult development. Older youth and young adults transitioning from public systems of care, such as foster care, the public mental health system and residential settings, commonly experience high levels of transience and housing instability. In recent years, supportive housing policies and programs have emerged to address this situation, yet we know little about whether (or not) new programs are meeting the needs of youth in transition, and, if so, how they are addressing the unique developmental, social, and emotional needs of this population. This study is one of the first to speak directly with young adults living in a supportive housing program designed specifically for youth transitioning out of children's systems of care. Study participants spoke about both their overall transition experience and their views on the housing program where they reside. The study conducted four focus groups (N = 26) with transitioning youth and young adults, ages 18 to 25 (Mean age = 22), in order to explore the following three broad research questions: 1) what is it like to make the transition to adulthood from public children's systems of care?; 2) how does the supportive housing model they reside in shape their transition experiences?; and, 3) how do they experience the services and staff who are part of the program? Data analysis included grounded theory coding techniques and constant comparison with four coders. Results suggest that participants feel like they continue to be treated as children, and they receive mixed messages regarding their need to be increasingly autonomous, yet follow the rules. Finally, they reported specific aspects of what they found to be helpful in both staff relationships and overall program components. These themes constitute the results of the study. Findings underscore the importance of both listening directly to service users, and developing young adult supportive housing programming expressly designed to meet the unique needs of marginalized young adults transitioning to increased independence and self-sufficiency.
Multiple Myeloma: Multiplying Therapies

Multiple myeloma must have among the most, if not the most, FDA approvals for any one malignancy. If the four liposomal doxorubicin approvals are counted separately, there are 21 FDA approvals ([1][1]). Such a list is remarkable and does not include combinations of these agents. The 5-year survival
A quadratic programming approach for solving the l/sub 1/ multiblock problem

The authors present a new method to compute solutions to the general multiblock l/sub 1/ control problem. The method is based on solving a standard H/sub 2/ problem and a finite-dimensional semidefinite quadratic programming problem of appropriate dimension. The new method has most of the properties that separately characterize many existing approaches. In particular, as the dimension of the quadratic programming problem increases, this method provides converging upper and lower bounds on the optimal l/sub 1/ norm and, for well posed multiblock problems, ensures the convergence in norm of the suboptimal solutions to an optimal l/sub 1/ solution. The new method does not require the computation of the interpolation conditions, and it allows the direct computation of the suboptimal controller.
Lattice light sheet imaging of membrane nanotubes between human breast cancer cells in culture and in brain metastases.

Membrane nanotubes are cytosolic protrusions with diameters <1 µm that extend between cells separated by tens of µm. They mediate several forms of intercellular communication and are upregulated in diverse diseases. Difficulties in visualizing and studying nanotubes within intact tissues have, however, prompted skepticism regarding their in vivo relevance, and most studies have been confined to cell culture systems. Here, we introduce lattice-light sheet imaging of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells genetically engineered to brightly express membrane-targeted GFP as a promising approach to visualize membrane nanotubes in vitro and in situ. We demonstrate that cultured cells form multiple nanotubes that mediate intercellular communication of Ca2+ signals and actively traffic GFP-tagged membrane vesicles along their length. Furthermore, we directly visualize nanotubes in situ, interconnecting breast cancer cells in live acute brain slices from an experimental mouse model of breast cancer brain metastasis. This amenable experimental system should facilitate the transition of the study of intercellular communication by membrane nanotubes from cell culture to the whole animal.
Early discharge and post-discharge outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Objective To assess whether discharging patients early after radical cystectomy (RC) is associated with increased risk of readmissions and post-discharge complications. Materials and Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried to identify patients who underwent an elective RC from 2012 to 2015. Patients were stratified into two groups: those with hospital length of stay (LOS) of 4-5 days (early-discharge) and those with LOS of 6-9 days (routine-discharge). We used multivariable logistic regressions to assess the impact of early-discharge on 30-day readmission and post-discharge complication rates. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were performed to validate the robustness of our primary analyses. Results A total of 3,311 patients were included. Unadjusted outcomes comparison showed no difference in readmission rate (21.6% vs. 23.0%) or post-discharge complication rate (17.7% vs. 19.6%) between early-discharge and routine-discharge groups. Multivariable logistic regression also showed early discharge was not associated with increased odds of readmission (OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.82-1.22, P=1.000) or post-discharge complication (OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.77-1.17, P=0.616). Two-step sensitivity analyses (excluding patients with LOS of 8-9 days followed by patients with any pre-discharge adverse event) validated the robustness of our primary analyses. Subgroup analyses also showed similar results in all subgroups except the subgroup of patients with age ≥ 85 years. Conclusions Early discharge after RC was not associated with readmissions or post-discharge complications. Future prospective studies, with defined perioperative care pathways, are needed to identify potential components that may enable hospitals to discharge patients early without compromising post-discharge outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Modeling Transient Focal Ischemic Stroke in Rodents by Intraluminal Filament Method of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is widely used for inducing a focal cerebral ischemic insult (stroke) in rodents. Here, we describe a method for transient MCAO technique without craniotomy in both mice and rats. In our laboratory, this technique yields consistent secondary brain damage that evolves over a period of 3-7 days of reperfusion after transient MCAO. We also describe the methods for analyzing postischemic motor dysfunction and infarct volume in rodents subjected to transient MCAO.
Electrical conductivity of Sr 2-x Ca x FeMnO 5 ( x = 0, 1, 2)

Variation of the electrical conductivity due to changes in crystal structure in a series of oxygen-deficient perovskites, Sr2-xCaxFeMnO5 (x = 0, 1, 2), has been investigated. The correlation between structural order and various aspects of electrical conductivity is demonstrated using X-ray and electron diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and variable-temperature electrical conductivity studies. The increase in structural order from Sr2FeMnO5 to CaSrFeMnO5 and Ca2FeMnO5 affects the cation oxidation states. The XPS data indicate that trivalent Mn is stabilized as the structural order increases. The crystallite size is also correlated with structural order, where the increase in structural order leads to a systematic increase in crystallite size. Electrical conductivity studies were performed in both argon and air atmosphere for all three materials in a wide temperature range, from 298 K (25 °C) to 1073 K (800 °C). At room temperature, there is a direct correlation between ordering and electrical conductivity. Variable-temperature conductivity studies lead to a remarkable observation, where the highest conductivity at elevated temperature belongs to the CaSr compound that has an intermediate degree of structural order. This indicates that there is an optimum degree of ordering that can lead to the highest conductivity at high temperature. Comparison between conductivity studies in air and argon atmosphere indicates that the conductivity of the highly ordered Ca2 compound remains almost unaffected by the change in atmosphere from argon to air. However, the less-ordered CaSr and Sr2 compounds show an increase in conductivity in air compared to the argon atmosphere. Remarkably, the upturn in the conductivity of the less-ordered materials is interrupted and a decrease is observed at high temperature in air, whereas the ordered Ca2 compound shows increase in conductivity in the entire temperature range.
Rheological properties of injectable biomaterials

Abstract: This chapter covers a basic introduction to rheology similar to that present in many introductory bioengineering texts. Additional attention is paid to examples of the use of rheology to characterize different types of in situ gelling systems currently being researched for medical applications. The discussion focuses on the differences between materials based on types and kinetics, and data that can be obtained from rheological measurements relevant to the development of procedures for the delivery of in situ gelling materials. Some tips are provided for overcoming common experimental difficulties that may arise during use of a rheometer to characterize materials that exhibit shrinkage or evaporation. Finally, the chapter closes with a discussion of future directions in in situ gelling materials, and the effects that rheology has in shaping those directions.
High-Pressure Raman Scattering Studies of Fluids

The field of laser Raman spectroscopy of liquids and gases is reviewed. After introducing the importance of using pressure as an experimental variable in Raman studies of fluids, a brief overview of the experimental techniques is presented. Illustrative examples of specific high-pressure Raman studies deal with the following topics: reorientational motions in liquids, vibrational dephasing, collision-induced scattering, Fermi resonance and Raman frequency noncoincidence effect.
A Role for Conceptual Role Semantics

Autumn in Bloomington, late Friday afternoon in Sycamore Hall. The visiting philosopher concludes the lecture without a word on practical reasoning. Hector, detonating his soda can, is about to pounce. Outside, beyond the leaded library window, the nearly last, mottled, mostly red maple leaf leaves the canopy and flutters into the trickling Jordan. The little stream meanders through campus hoping, after recruiting several other creeks, to find first the White River, then the Ohio and finally the Mississippi. This, that the migrating leaf might head to the Gulf of Mexico and a chance at Guatemala beyond. But whether or not it should ever arrive in the Gulf, the leaf is now, as it drifts in a tributary to a tributary to a tributary, heading for the Gulf. Remarkable that a thing so simple as a lost leaf can point to so distant and disguised a destination. Remarkable too that this leaf illustrates how the mind manages to represent.
EVIDENCE FOR SEVERAL CLOSELY LINKED GENES INVOLVED IN GENERATION OF PROLIFERATION IN MLC.

Abstract Eight provisional groups of HLA-D specificities (MLR stimulating determinants) have been defined during the VI International Histocompatibility Workshop 1975. Each D-specificity group was defined by two or more D-locus homozygous typing cells. Population studies with the typing cells and mutual MLR between cells belonging to the same group demonstrate some differences within each D-specificity group. In this study we present data obtained with two HLA-D homozygous typing cells representing the DW4 specificity group. Both cells were included in the workshop and were shown in population studies to belong to the DW4 group. Mutual MLR between the two cells, however, is positive. The differences in the determinants expressed by these two cells are confirmed in family-studies including parents and other family members of each typing cell donor and of families unrelated to both cell donors. The typing cells homozygous for B12,DW4 shows very low typing responses when tested against some responders heterozygous for B12 while the BW15,DW4 homozygous typing cells shows the lowest typing responses to some BW15 heterozygous responders. One family is presented where both parents express a DW4 determinant. The parents show different response pattern to the two typing cells. Independent segregation of the two different DW4 is observed in the family. This data suggests that the HLA-D region may be composed of genetic subloci. The two different DW4 specificities described in this paper may express determinants on more than one locus. These determinants could, however, occur in the population in strong positive genetic linkage disequilibrium.
Executives’ Perceptual Filters: What They Notice and How They Make Sense

Retrospective explanations of past events encourage academics to overstate the contributions of executives and the benefits of accurate perceptions or careful analyses. Because retrospective analyses oversimplify the connections between behaviors and outcomes, prescriptions derived from retrospective understanding may not help executives who are living amid current events. The paper describes some influences on the perceptual filtering processes that executives use as they observe and try to understand their environments.
Pilot Study to Assess Outcomes of a Drug Allergy Clarification Service on a General Medicine Floor at a Local Community Hospital

Purpose: Drug allergy documentation in the patient medical record varies in level of detail, and drug intolerances are often inappropriately documented as an allergy in the medical record. A pilot study was conducted to determine the impact of a pharmacy-led drug allergy clarification service. Methods: The pilot quality improvement service was implemented in Fall 2016. General medicine patients were identified through daily census reporting and the electronic medical record (EMR) was reviewed within 72 hours of admission for documented drug allergies and/or intolerances. Patients were interviewed by a clinical pharmacist or a fourth year pharmacy student to determine a complete drug allergy and intolerance history. Results: A total of 55 patients were interviewed and received the pilot service. A drug allergy/intolerance was documented in EMR for 54.5% (n=30) of patients interviewed. Of those 30 patients, 96.6% (n=29) were noted to have at least one discrepancy between EMR documentation and patient interview. The primary discrepancy noted was drug allergies or intolerances documented in the EMR without a description of the reaction. Conclusion: A pharmacy-led drug allergy clarification service was effective in identifying and clarifying EMR documentation of patients’ drug allergies and intolerances. Patients with incorrect or incomplete allergy documentation may receive alternative therapy, which could increase costs and lead to unwanted adverse effects or less effective treatment. As a result of the pilot study, the program has remained in effect and is being expanded to other units within the institution. Article Type: Original Research
The Effects of Subjectivity on Manager and Auditor Reporting

ABSTRACT This paper develops an economic model of how subjectivity in accounting estimates affects a manager's reporting behavior and auditors' subsequent information aggregation decision. In our m...
Depression Screening in Med-Peds Continuity Clinic

Background and Objectives: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the United States and also carries the heaviest burden of disability among mental and behavioral disorders. Baseline rates for depression screening at ECU Adult and Pediatric Health Care (APHC) were only 8.6% as of August 2016. For this reason, residents in the APHC Monday continuity clinic decided to implement a depression screening protocol. Our aim is by May 31, 2017, at least 50% of all patients 12 years of age and older who are seen at APHC for a well …
Increase in Post-Reperfusion Sensitivity to Tissue Plasminogen Activator-Mediated Fibrinolysis During Liver Transplantation Is Associated With Abnormal Metabolic Changes and Increased Blood Product Utilisation

BACKGROUND Increased systemic fibrinolytic activity can occur in liver transplant recipients after the donor graft is reperfused. However, it remains unclear whether this is related solely to tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels or whether unique metabolic changes can alter t-PA activity and enhance fibrinolytic activity. We hypothesise that an increase in sensitivity to t-PA-mediated fibrinolysis (StF) following liver reperfusion is associated with specific metabolic abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver transplant recipients had serial blood samples analysed with a modified thrombelastography assay using exogenous t-PA to measure sensitivity/resistance to fibrinolysis with the lysis 30 min after maximum clot strength (tLY30). Paired plasma samples were analysed with mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics. The tLY30 was correlated to metabolites using Spearman's rho. StF was defined as a tLY30 change of >8.5% from the anhepatic phase to 30 min after reperfusion based on the distribution of tLY30 in a healthy control population. RESULTS StF occurred in 53% of patients. Cohorts had similar MELD scores (18 vs 16, p=0.876) and tLY30 at baseline (p=0.867) and anhepatic phase of surgery (p=0.463). Thirty min after reperfusion, the tLY30 was 73% in patient with StF vs 33% in those without StF 33% (p=0.006). StF was associated with increased red blood cell transfusions (p=0.035), during the first 2 hours of reperfusion. Nine metabolites demonstrated a correlation with tLY30 (p<0.05). DISCUSSION StF is a transient event that resolves within 2 hours of graft reperfusion and is associated with increased blood product use. This phenomenon correlates with derangements in citric acid cycle, purine and amino acid metabolism. Future research is needed to determine whether these metabolites are biomarkers or mechanistically linked to increased sensitivity to t-PA-mediated fibrinolytic activity following graft reperfusion.
Phenological responses to prior-season defoliation and soil-nutrient availability vary among early- and late-flushing aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) genotypes

Abstract Many spring-feeding insect folivores have evolved to hatch in synchrony with temporal windows of high foliar quality that occur during leaf expansion. In some host-tree species, however, budbreak phenology can shift in response to defoliation during the prior growing season. While this response could have important impacts on the performance of insect folivore species prone to multi-year outbreaks, the prevalence, underlying mechanisms, and ecological ramifications of defoliation-induced phenological shifts are poorly understood. We established a common garden of twelve trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) genotypes, and observed the effects of prior-season defoliation and soil-nutrient availability on budbreak phenology during the following spring. Average budbreak phenology was delayed in response to both prior-season defoliation and low soil-nutrient treatments, but these responses were lower in magnitude than those previously shown to occur in response to temperature. Magnitudes of budbreak delay varied significantly among genotypes and were highest among early-flushing aspen. This negative correlation between aspen budbreak phenology and magnitudes of defoliation-induced phenological delay suggests that widespread defoliation could decrease intraspecific variation in aspen budbreak phenology during subsequent growing seasons, potentially allowing larvae to adapt to windows of optimal foliage quality during multi-year outbreaks. These results quantify additional environmental factors that may act in concert with major drivers such as temperature to mediate phenological relationships between aspen and folivorous insects.
On the Effectiveness of Behavior-Based Ransomware Detection

Ransomware has been a growing threat to end-users in the past few years. In response, there is also a burgeoning market for anti-ransomware defense products, as well as research prototypes that explore more advanced, behavioral analyses. Intuitively, ransomware should be amenable to identification through behavioral analysis, since ransomware recursively walks a user’s files and encrypts them, overwriting or deleting the plaintext. This paper contributes a study of the effectiveness of these behavior-based ransomware defenses, from both commercial products and academic proposals. We drive the study with a dead simple ransomware, augmented with a number of both straightforward and new evasion techniques. Surprisingly, our results indicate that most commercial products are strikingly ineffective. Ten out of 15 commercial products could not detect our simple ransomware without any evasive techniques; most of the rest were evaded and able to ransom user data with some combination of simple techniques. Only one tool appears to correctly identify our ransomware, but suffers from staggering false positives, including flagging Windows Explorer, Firefox, and Notepad as ransomware during routine operation. Our paper identifies a number of techniques to manipulate entropy to match the original file. The paper further shows that partial encryption, of as little as 3–5% of a file’s data is sufficient to ransom most file formats. Finally, we show that a combination of these techniques can render an aggregate malice score that is well below that of a Linux kernel compile. In summary, these results indicate that it is highly likely that ransomware will be able to adapt its behavior to fit within the range of expected benign behaviors, avoiding detection even by future generations of behavioral ransomware detectors.
The Subjective Beliefs Underlying Probability Overestimation

Teigen (1974a, 1974b, 1983) observed that the numerical probabilities assigned to a set of exhaustive and mutually exclusive events frequently exceed one. Three experiments were performed to examine why these inflated numerical probability judgments form and what they reflect about people’s subjective beliefs. Some work suggests that numerical probability overestimations stem from a fundamental misunderstanding of the rules of probability calculation. Our findings, though, indicate that biased hypothesis testing processes operate that contribute to the subjective overestimation of the likelihood of a hypothetical event. People tend to perceive events to be more plausible than is possible because of confirmatory processes characterizing the selective testing of a hypothesis. Our findings indicate that these processes may lead to the unwarranted disconfirmation of a focal hypothesis when the evidence for all of the alternatives is weak.
Addressing Phantom Pain Through Occupational Participation: A Qualitative Study of Support Group Participants:

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the adaptation process of support group participants who are survivors of lower limb amputation (LLA) experiencing phantom limb...
Biomonitoring: A tool to assess PFNA body burdens and evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water intervention for communities in New Jersey.

Abstract Elevated perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) levels, one of many manmade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), were detected in public water systems/private wells in New Jersey communities. Interventions to end exposure through drinking water were carried out from 2014 to 2016. To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, a community biomonitoring study was conducted for the communities between 2017 and 2020. A convenience sampling design was used with 120 participants in Year 1 between ages of 20–74 who consumed PFNA-contaminated water. Three blood samples, one year apart, were drawn from each participant and completed for 99 participants. Separated serum samples were measured for 12 PFAS including PFNA. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on demographics and potential sources. Drinking water and house dust collected at the first visit were analyzed for 14 PFAS including PFNA. The PFNA sera levels (Year 1) found 84 out of 120 (70%) participants were higher than the 95th percentile of a nationally representative sample of US adults (NHANES2015-16). Current drinking water and house dust were not significant contributing sources for the study participants. On average, PFNA sera levels were 12 ± 16% (Year 2) and 27 ± 16% (Year 3) lower than the level measured in Year 1 (p 95th percentile of NHANES2015-16) with controlling for physiological covariates. The decline in adult serum PFNA levels seen in the years following a community drinking water intervention suggests the intervention effectively reduced PFNA exposure via drinking water.
Modification of cotton fabrics with 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride for salt-free dyeing with anionic dyes

A chemical modification of cotton fabrics by 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride (DEAE-Cl) was achieved, and the resulted cotton fabrics demonstrated salt-free dyeing properties with anionic dyes. Nucleophilic property of hydroxyl groups in cotton cellulose was enhanced under alkaline conditions and could react with DEAE-Cl, a chemical possessing both nucleophilic and electrophilic sites. The monolayered DEAE-grafted cotton cellulose could further react with DEAE-Cl to form multiple cationic quaternary ammonium salts (denoted as DEAE@Cotton), which are highly interactive with anionic dye molecules. The strong electrostatic interactions between the DEAE@Cotton and the dyes eliminated the use of inorganic salts in cotton dyeing process. The chemical structure and property of DEAE@Cotton were characterized and compared with untreated cotton. The DEAE@Cotton can be dyed in a salt-free system, and the dye exhaustion was faster than the conventional dyeing method due to the robust electrostatic interactions of the fabrics with anionic dyes. The dyed fabrics demonstrated outstanding color fastness under repeated washing, light exposure, and crocking. The dye adsorption process on DEAE@Cotton follows Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9667). The mechanism of enhanced dyeability was experimentally proved by treating the fabric with other anionic dyes in a salt-free system, proving the process to be environmentally friendly and cost-effective.
On the Thinning of Small Tightly Coupled Arrays

Wideband phased arrays are complex electromagnetic systems. Whether it is electronic warfare, communications, or spectrum sensing, the ability to have ultrawideband (UWB) electronically steerable beams is exceedingly useful [1] . A class of wideband phased array, the tightly coupled array, leverages high levels of coupling between elements and careful trading of reactances to realize wide impedance bandwidth. Most of the unit cell elements in the open literature are based on the dipole, slot, bowtie, Vivaldi [2] , or sliced notch antenna. While extremely versatile, phased arrays sometimes burdened by the T/R modules required to operate over that same UWB; they are often expensive, power hungry, and introduce additional complexities in the integration process. A standard mitigation strategy for some of these in conventional arrays is aperture thinning: de-activation of selected elements in the array. The array methodologies have been extensively studied in the open literature for conventional arrays [3] . However, thinning under the tightly coupled regime lacks the same breadth and depth of study. This work considers the impact that the percentage of elements removed (thinning factor (TF)) has on the performance of a small, all-metal Vivaldi array ( Fig. 1a ), intended for the use as a subarray of a larger array.
Patient Interest in Receiving Assistance with Self-Reported Social Risks.

Objectives: This study evaluated how often patients who reported social risk factors requested assistance with these risks in an integrated health system. Methods: We examined how self-reports of risk related to stated desire for help with that risk reported during social risk screenings at Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW). We examined how patient characteristics were associated with desire for help with each social risk domain using logistic regression. Results: Approximately 24% (n = 7,807) of the 32,865 KPNW members aged ≥ 18 years who were screened between June 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019, reported at least 1 social risk. More than half of patients who reported a risk were risk/help concordant (i.e., they also wanted help with that risk). The highest concordance (81.7%) was observed among patients reporting medical financial hardship. Several demographic, health, and other factors were associated with concordance across domains. Conclusions: Patients do not request assistance for all reported social needs. Our findings could help shape future work examining patients9 reasons for not accepting assistance and developing interventions to help patients with high social risk more effectively.
An Application of Generative Adversarial Networks for Robust Inference in Computational Fluid Dynamics

In this paper we propose a robust learning pipeline for inference in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) systems in the presence of faulty sensor data. The standard methods for handling faulty sensor data involve outlier detection techniques which assume that the faulty data is generated from the tail regions of the underlying data distribution and hence can be eliminated by modeling the high probability regions of the distribution. However this assumption is not always true and subtle faults in sensors can lead to recording of faulty data which can be thought of as being generated from a subtly perturbed version of the underlying distribution. Methods based on outlier detection techniques will fail to work under these settings and hence novel approaches are required for eliminating faulty data in such systems. In this work we explore the use of a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for this purpose. We train the generator network of the GAN to generate “fake” sensor data that mimics the distribution of the real data, albeit, a slightly perturbed one. We use this to train a discriminator network which learns to distinguish between the “real” and “fake” data generated from the generator. This discriminator is then used to filter out faulty sensor data generated from a perturbed version of the distribution generating the real data. We also build a simple regressor that uses the trained discriminator to perform robust regression on the CFD data after eliminating faulty sensor data. We tested the robust regression pipeline with CFD data for predicting fluid flow characteristics (specifically the angle of attack (AoA)) over a 2D foil. Our discriminator trained in a GAN framework could eliminate faulty sensor data, generated using the trained generator, with ∼ 100 % efficiency. The filtered data is then used for inference of the fluid flow parameters using the regressor.
Incidence of Cigarette Smoking Relapse Among Individuals Who Switched to e-Cigarettes or Other Tobacco Products.

Author(s): Pierce, John P; Chen, Ruifeng; Kealey, Sheila; Leas, Eric C; White, Martha M; Stone, Matthew D; McMenamin, Sara B; Trinidad, Dennis R; Strong, David R; Benmarhnia, Tarik; Messer, Karen | Abstract: ImportanceAlthough e-cigarettes are not approved as a cessation device, many who smoke believe that e-cigarettes will help them quit cigarette smoking successfully.ObjectiveTo assess whether people who recently quit smoking and who had switched to e-cigarettes or another tobacco product were less likely to relapse to cigarette smoking compared with those who remained tobacco free.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study analyzed a nationally representative sample of US households that participated in 4 waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (conducted 2013 through 2017), combining 2 independent cohorts each with 3 annual surveys. Eligible participants were individuals who smoked at baseline, had recently quit at the first follow-up, and completed the second follow-up survey.ExposuresUse of e-cigarettes or alternate tobacco products at follow-up 1 after recently quitting smoking.Main outcomes and measuresWeighted percentage of participants with over 12 months abstinence by follow-up 2.ResultsOf a total of 13 604 participants who smoked cigarettes at baseline, 9.4% (95% CI, 8.7%-10.0%) recently had quit smoking (mean age, 41.9; 95% CI, 39.7-46.6 years; 641 [43.2%] women) Of these, 22.8% (95% CI, 19.7%-26.0%) had switched to e-cigarettes, with 17.6% (95% CI, 14.8%-20.5%) using them daily. A total of 37.1% (95% CI, 33.7%-40.4%) used a noncigarette tobacco product and 62.9% (95% CI, 59.6%-66.3%) were tobacco free. Rates of switching to e-cigarettes were highest for those who were in the top tertile of tobacco dependence (31.3%; 95% CI, 25.0%-37.7%), were non-Hispanic White (26.4%; 95% CI, 22.3%-30.4%), and had higher incomes (annual income ≥$35 000, 27.5%; 95% CI, 22.5%-32.4% vs l$35 000, 19.3%; 95% CI, 16.3%-22.3%). At follow-up 2, unadjusted relapse rates were similar among those who switched to different tobacco products (for any tobacco product: successfully quit, 41.5%; 95% CI, 36.2%-46.9%; relapsed with significant requit, 17.0%; 95% CI, 12.4%-21.6%; currently smoking, 36.2%; 95% CI, 30.9%-41.4%). Controlled for potential confounders, switching to any tobacco product was associated with higher relapse rate than being tobacco free (adjusted risk difference, 8.5%; 95% CI, 0.3%-16.6%). Estimates for those who switched to e-cigarettes, whether daily or not, were not significant. While individuals who switched from cigarettes to e-cigarettes were more likely to relapse, they appeared more likely to requit and be abstinent for 3 months at follow-up 2 (17.0%; 95% CI, 12.4%-21.6% vs 10.4%; 95% CI, 8.0%-12.9%).Conclusions and relevanceThis large US nationally representative study does not support the hypothesis that switching to e-cigarettes will prevent relapse to cigarette smoking.
Laparoscopic Resection of Parasitic Fibroids after Hysterectomy

Study Objective The purpose of this video is to demonstrate resection of parasitic fibroids after hysterectomy. Design Case Presentation. Setting Academic affiliated community hospital. Patients or Participants 47yo G3P3 with history of uterine fibroids, status post laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy, who re-presented after eight years with abdominal pain. Review of prior surgical operative report revealed that mechanical morcellation was perform at the left lower quadrant trocar site. On imaging, patient was found to have multiple intra-abdominal masses and a 4 cm abdominal wall mass. Interventions Laparoscopic resection of fibroids and radical resection of soft tissue mass Measurements and Main Results Intraoperative frozen section and final pathology was consistent with leiomyoma. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was discharged approximately 3 hours after her procedure. Conclusion Iatrogenic parasitic leiomyomas can occur after uterine morcellation. This risk is increased if mechanical morcellation is performed. Thorough inspection and washing of the abdominopelvic cavity postoperatively can decrease risk of occurrence.
A Functional Approach to the Assessment and Treatment of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Veterans: A Dialectical Behavior Therapy–Informed Perspective

Abstract The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration (VHA), or the United States Government. Some of the content in this paper was derived from presentations given by the first and last authors at the VA’s Women’s Mental Health Mini-Residency, a national training for Women’s Mental Health Champions who work on women’s mental health initiatives at each VA medical center. This paper was written in response to positive feedback by attendees and requests for a written version for future reference and training of others. This manuscript did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Dr. Singh is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Academic Affiliations Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment and the Department of Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC). Dr. Landes is supported by a Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) grant (PII 19-462), the South Central MIRECC, and the Translational Research Institute (TRI), UL1 TR003107, through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
High-throughput oncogene mutation detection in human cancers by mass spectrometry-based genotyping

A106 Introduction: Translating tumor genetic information into therapeutic benefit remains hampered by a limited knowledge of critical alterations across the spectrum of human tumors, and the inability to identify these on a large scale in the clinical setting.Experimental Procedures: To begin to address these bottlenecks, we applied high-throughput, mass spectrometry-based genotyping (Sequenom, Inc.) to identify 250 known somatic mutations across 17 oncogenes in human cancer samples and cell lines. We then applied this approach to a panel of nearly 1,000 human tumors spanning 15 histologic types.Results: The oncogene genotyping approach enabled sensitive, rapid, and accurate oncogene mutation detection at a low cost per sample. Notably, mutation detection was largely refractory to stromal contamination, detecting somatic alterations present at a frequency of
Trust in Sources of Soil and Water Quality Information: Implications for Environmental Outreach and Education†

Public trust in organizations focused on improving environmental quality is important for increasing awareness and changing behaviors that have water quality implications. Few studies have addressed trust in soil and water quality information sources, particularly for both agricultural and nonagricultural respondents of the same watersheds. Surveys in 19 watersheds across five states in the Midwest assessed trust in, and familiarity with, soil and water quality information sources. Overall, respondents most trusted University Extension, Soil and Water Conservation Districts, and the Natural Resource Conservation Service, while lawn care companies, environmental groups, and land trusts were less trusted. Significant differences in trusted sources were found between watersheds, and between agricultural and nonagricultural respondents across and within watersheds. Among agricultural respondents, a clear relationship exists between familiarity and trust; as familiarity with an organization increases, so too does level of trust. This relationship is less clear-cut for nonagricultural respondents in this region. We highlight implications of these findings for soil and water quality outreach efforts.
Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media

Chapter 3 on ring devices is followed by Chapter 4 on populations and communities of such single-variable units: both simple clocks and the nonoscillating hourglasses. Chapter 6 on oscillators with more than one variable of state is followed by populations and communities in Chapter 8. What about nonoscillatory kinetics with more than one local state variable? That case is taken up here, together with consequences of interaction in spatially distributed communities. The upshot is a new kind of oscillator and a new kind of phase singularity, both of which are apparently exhibited in diverse chemical and physiological systems. Even though no isolated piece of it may oscillate, an excitable medium can organize itself spatially in a way that stabilizes oscillation at a characteristic period. Architecturally, this configuration more resembles a clock than anything encountered in previous chapters: It consists of crossed concentration gradients, any one of which might be taken as the clock’s “hand,” a pointer that physically rotates about a fixed pivot once in each cycle of oscillation. At the pivot, nothing changes; the pivot is a phase singularity and all the rest is built around it.
Cancer immunology for the clinician

Cancer immunotherapy is coming of age. It has become abundantly clear that immunotherapy-which has been described as treating the body's immune system so the immune system can treat the cancer-can be routinely effective, and may indeed cure advanced cancers. Accordingly, it is important to understand the basic, clinically relevant principles of cancer immunology to better prepare for an increasingly exciting future. The host immune system is the only active enemy faced by a malignant cell population as it develops. So it is helpful to think of the battle between the cancer cell population and the developing cancer as a Darwinian crucible in which only the malignant cells most fit to thrive in the face of active immune system attack are able to survive in the reluctant host. All successful cancers thus have overcome the defenses mounted by host immune systems by actively thwarting the evolution of anticancer immunity. A malignant cell population that has "solved" the riddle of the host immune system need not employ all of these mechanisms in order to survive in a particular host. Hence, it may be that the dominant mechanism or mechanisms of immune evasion in fact represent potential Achilles' heels that can be therapeutically attacked to restore immune control of a cancer. To better understand where opportunities exist for immunotherapy, it is important to first consider how developing cancers overcome host immunity: by overwhelming, hiding from, subverting, shielding from, defending against, and outlasting the host immune response. Clearly, more than one of these mechanisms may be present in any particular patient, but it is likely that many cancer types employ dominant immune defense mechanisms. There can be no doubt that mobilizing the immune system to attack a cancer, remember the enemy, and continually target emerging clones represents an extremely promising path to cancer prevention and cure.
Improving breast self‐examination training by using the 4MAT instructional model

Abstract Women were taught breast self‐examination (BSE) two different ways using the same material. The 4MAT presentation (N = 49) was directed to four learning styles and both brain hemispheres; the American Cancer Society (ACS) presentation (N = 45) used a traditional lecture/discussion format. A control group (N = 58) was untrained. The mean age of the Cooperative Extension Home Demonstration Club participants was 57 years. A questionnaire, which was given before training, immediately after training, and 3 months later, assessed knowledge of breast cancer and BSE, confidence in performing BSE, and frequency of BSE. ANCOVAs and r tests showed that, compared with the ACS presentation, the 4MAT presentation produced better immediate acquisition and better 3‐month retention of both knowledge and confidence. Both 4MAT and ACS participants were statistically superior to the control group on all three dependent variables, both in acquisition and 3 months later. The 4MAT instructional model is recommended for...
Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 on aerogel templates: New photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

High surface area mesoporous aerogel films were prepared on conductive glass substrates. Atomic layer deposition was employed to coat the aerogel template conformally with various thicknesses of TiO2 with subnanometer precision. The TiO2-coated aerogel membranes were incorporated as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. The charge diffusion length was found to increase with increasing thickness of TiO2 leading to increasing current and efficiency. Initial devices exhibited power conversion efficiencies of up to 4.3% under 100 W m−2 light intensity. The novel fabrication technique provides a facile, oxide materials general method to prepare high surface area pseudo-one-dimensional DSSC photoanodes with promising performance.
Charge, hydrophobicity, and confined water: putting past simulations into a simple theoretical frameworkThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Canadian Society of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cellular Biology 52nd Annual Meeting — Protein Folding: Principles and Diseases” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.

Water permeates all life, and mediates forces that are essential to the process of macromolecular self-assembly. Predicting these forces in a given biological context is challenging, since water organizes itself differently next to charged and hydrophobic surfaces, both of which are typically at play on the nanoscale in vivo. In this work, we present a simple statistical mechanical model for the forces water mediates between different confining surfaces, and demonstrate that the model qualitatively unifies a wide range of phenomena known in the simulation literature, including several cases of protein folding under confinement.