cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tectonic controls on facies transitions in an oblique collision: The western Solomon Sea, Papua New Guinea

The western Solomon Sea is the site of a closing ocean basin and an incipient arc-continent collision between the Bismarck arc and the Australian continental margin in Papua New Guinea. Migrated seismic reflection profiles and HAWAII MR1 sidescan sonar data indicate that sedimentation within the Solomon Sea basin is controlled by topographic gradients generated by flexure of the Solomon Sea plate. Turbidites delivered to the basin by the submarine Markham Canyon extend farther eastward down the axis of the deeper New Britain Trench (north side of the Solomon Sea) than they do in the shallower Trobriand Trough (south side of the Solomon Sea). The stratigraphic record of the foredeep, in the zone of arc continent collision, is controlled by the steep topography of the Australian continental margin. A long (1.5–3 m.y.) period of deep marine turbidite deposition is followed by a short (50–100 k.y.) period of shallow-marine deposition and a long (0.5–1 m.y.) period of fluvial deposition. Comparisons between the foredeep record of Taiwan and the Papua New Guinea collision indicate that the steep topography of the Australian continental margin exerts significant control over the evolution of the foredeep, and the Taiwan foredeep is more controlled by the dynamic link between the flexural properties of the lithosphere and the orogenic load.
Thermal solutions for discrete and wafer-level RF MEMS switch packages

In discrete radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packages, MEMS devices were fabricated on silicon or gallium arsenide (GaAs) chips. The chips were then attached to substrates with die attach materials. In wafer-level MEMS packages, the switches were manufactured directly on substrates. For both types of packages, when the switches close, a contact resistance of approximately 1 /spl Omega/ exists at the contact area. As a result, during switch operations, a considerable amount of heat is generated in the minuscule contact area. The power density at the contact area could be up to 1000 times higher than that of typical power amplifiers. The high power density may overheat the contact area, therefore affect switch performance and jeopardize long-term switch reliabilities. In this paper, thermal analysis has been performed to study the heat dissipation at the switch contact area. The goal is to control the "hot spots" and lower the maximum junction temperature at the contact area. A variety of chip materials, including Silicon, GaAs have been evaluated for the discrete packages. For each chip material, the effect of die attach materials has been considered. For the wafer-level packages, various substrate materials, such as ceramic, glass, and low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) have been studied. Thermal experiments have been conducted to measure the temperature at the contact area and its vicinity as a function of dc and RF powers. Several solutions in material selection and package configurations have been explored to enable the use of MEMS with chips or substrates with relatively poor thermal conductivity. For discrete MEMS packages, placing the die inside a copper cavity on the substrate provides significant heat dissipation. For wafer-level packages, thin diamond coatings on the substrate could reduce the hot-spot temperature considerably.
MESOSCOPIC MODELING OF SURFACE PROCESSES

In this paper we discuss mesoscopic models describing a broad class of pattern formation mechanisms, focusing on a prototypical system of surface processes. These models are in principle stochastic integrodifferential equations and are derived through an exact coarse-graining, directly from microscopic lattice models, and include detailed microscopic information on particle-particle interactions and particle dynamics.
Fluorescent monoclonal antibody for confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures.

We evaluated a monoclonal fluorescent-antibody (FA) reagent (Neisseria gonorrhoeae Culture Confirmation Test; Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) for confirmation of N. gonorrhoeae isolates obtained from clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in four cities. The FA test was performed in parallel with established confirmation procedures on all organisms growing on 773 primary culture plates of modified Thayer-Martin agar. All N. gonorrhoeae isolates reacted with the FA reagent and produced a bright, easily interpretable fluorescence. The FA test correctly identified 533 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from 474 patients and did not react with 90 N. meningitidis or with 213 non-Neisseria isolates. In one city (Baltimore), Gonochek II (Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.) failed to identify four N. gonorrhoeae isolates reactive with the FA reagent and confirmed as N. gonorrhoeae by Phadebact (Pharmacia Inc., Piscataway, N.J.) and acid production from sugars. The FA test was rapid and specific and could be performed directly from primary isolation plates. The test requires 1 h to perform and is applicable to mixed-flora cultures.
Creating a Specialized Music Search Interface in a Traditional OPAC Environment

Purpose – Undergraduate music majors often search for resources in a limited number of formats. This developed a specialized search interface which might better support the needs of undergraduate music majors. The aim of this paper is to improve music resource discovery now, without spending any additional funds.Design/methodology/approach – A literature search was conducted to inform the design process. The web search capabilities of the library's existing catalog system were then used to develop a specialized music search interface. Finally, user testing was conducted to obtain qualitative feedback on the effectiveness of the new interface compared with the general‐purpose library catalog interface.Findings – This project confirmed that an effective specialized music search interface could be created at no additional cost and with minimal effort, and that coupling a keyword search with pre‐search format limiting was an effective strategy.Originality/value – The paper provides a low‐cost approach to impr...
Effect of Mutational Inactivation of Tyrosine Kinase Activity on BCR/ABL-Induced Abnormalities in Cell Growth and Adhesion in Human Hematopoietic Progenitors

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) results from transformation of a primitive hematopoietic cell by the BCR/ABL gene. The specific BCR/ABL signaling mechanisms responsible for transformation of primitive human hematopoietic cells are not well defined. Previous studies have suggested that constitutively activated tyrosine kinase activity plays an important role for in abnormal proliferation of CML progenitors but has not clearly defined its role in abnormal adhesion and migration. We established a human progenitor model of CML by ectopic expression of BCR/ABL in normal CD34+ cells using retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. CD34+ cells expressing BCR/ABL demonstrated several features characteristic of primary CML progenitors including increased proliferation in committed and primitive progenitor culture, reduced adhesion to fibronectin, and reduced chemotaxis to stroma-derived factor-1alpha. We expressed a kinase-inactive BCR/ABL gene to directly investigate the role of kinase activity in abnormal progenitor function. Abnormalities in proliferation were completely reversed, whereas defects in adhesion and migration were significantly improved but not completely reversed in cells expressing a kinase-inactive BCR/ABL. Furthermore, the BCR/ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate markedly inhibited proliferation of BCR/ABL-expressing progenitors but did not fully correct the adhesion and migration defects. Expression of BCR/ABL genes with deletions of either the COOH-terminal actin binding or proline-rich domains resulted in enhanced adhesion and chemotaxis compared with wild-type BCR/ABL but did not affect progenitor proliferation. We conclude that abnormal kinase activity is essential for abnormal proliferation and survival of CML progenitors but that abnormal adhesion and migration result from both kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Water movement across the cecal wall of the germfree rat.

SummaryThe present experiments demonstrate that the isotonic saline absorption of cecal sacs in vivo is significantly larger in germfree than in conventionally-raised rats living on the same diet. The osmotic permeability of the cecal wall, on the other hand, is not statistically different in the two groups under the experimental in vivo conditions employed. While other findings are compatible with the assumption that the retention of water in the cecal lumen of the intact germfree animal is due to the presence of osmotically active substances to which the cecal mucosa is impermeable, the sodium-coupled water transport seems to be increased as a compensatory mechanism.
Gender Theory in World Politics: Contributions of a Nonfeminist Standpoint?

Gendering World Politics, J. Ann Tickner (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001). 200 pp., paper (ISBN: 0-231-11367-6), $17.50. Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence, Caroline O. N. Moser, Fiona C. Clark, eds. (London: Zed Books, 2001). 243 pp., paper (ISBN: 1-85649-898-0), $19.95. War and Gender: How Gender Affects the War System and Vice-Versa, Joshua Goldstein (Cambridge. U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2001). 523 pp., cloth (ISBN: 0-521-807-166). $39.95. Books reviewed in this article: J. Ann Tickner, Gendering World Politics Caroline O. N. Moser and Fiona C. Clark (eds.), Victims, Perpetrators or Actors? Gender, Armed Conflict and Political Violence Joshua Goldstein, War and Gender: How Gender Affects the War System and Vice–Versa
Tandem autologous vs autologous plus reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation in the upfront management of multiple myeloma: meta-analysis of trials with biological assignment

We utilized meta-analysis to compare tandem autologous (TA) hematopoietic SCT (auto-HSCT) or single auto-HSCT followed by reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), allogeneic (AR) hematopoietic SCT in the upfront management of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). A comprehensive search strategy of published and unpublished reports utilized the following entry criteria: newly diagnosed patients, first autologous transplantation in both arms, use of an RIC regimen and assignment to TA or AR based exclusively on the availability of an HLA matched donor. Six trials were identified yielding 1192 subjects in TA and 630 in AR. Patients in AR had higher likelihoods of TRM (relative risk (RR)=3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.2-4.8) and CR (RR=1.4, 95% CI=1.1-1.8). OS was not different in the first 36 months (hazard ratio (HR)=1.15, 95% CI=0.91-1.45) or after (HR=0.74, 95% CI=0.53-1.04) 36 months from assignment. Similar findings were seen for PFS. When compared with TA in the upfront management of MM, AR is associated with higher TRM and CR without improvement in PFS or OS.
An unsteady preconditioning scheme based on convective-upwind split-pressure artificial dissipation

Summary Obtaining accurate computational results for low-Mach-number unsteady flows presents significant challenges for numerical schemes. In this work, we present a novel preconditioning scheme designed to provide good conditioning for these flows at all Strouhal numbers. The approach is based on the convective-upwind split-pressure scheme, which naturally facilitates the proper scaling of velocity and pressure dissipation terms for low-Mach-number unsteady flows. Unlike traditional matrix dissipation schemes, the preconditioned convective-upwind split-pressure scheme formulation provides scalar-like efficiency and simplicity. Several test cases are presented for steady, unsteady, convection-dominated, and acoustic-dominated flows that demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy and convergence rate over traditional preconditioning schemes for a wide range of flow conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Therapies for Stroke

The treatment of patients with stroke and cerebrovascular disease has entered a new era. During the 1990s there has been a revolution in technology able to define quickly, safely, and accurately stroke pathophysiological characteristics and the cardiovascular lesions that cause stroke in individual patients. Advanced brain imaging with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and newer magnetic resonance modalities, including fluid attenuating inversion recovery imaging, diffusion, perfusion, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, show clinicians the localization, severity, and potential reversibility of ischemia. Vascular lesions can be defined using spiral computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and extracranial and transcranial ultrasonography. Cardiac and aortic sources of stroke are now better studied using transesophageal echocardiography. More sophisticated hematologic testing gives new insights into the role of altered coagulability in causing or contributing to thromboembolism. Clinicians can now recognize the key data elements needed to logically treat brain ischemia, including the following: The nature, location, and severity of cardiac and cerebrovascular lesions. The mechanism by which these lesions cause ischemia--hypoperfusion? embolism? functional changes such as vasoconstriction? The cellular and serologic components of the blood that relate to coagulability, viscosity, and blood flow. The state of the brain--normal, reversibly ichemic ("stunned"), or infarcted. With these diagnostic advances have come new treatments, new ideas about treatment, and more and new information about conventional treatments.
Prophylactic Antibiotic Usage in Cardiothoracic Surgery

1990;98;719-723 Chest J LoCicero, 3rd surgery. Prophylactic antibiotic usage in cardiothoracic http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/98/3/719.citation can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services ) ISSN:0012-3692 http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. reserved. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights of been published monthly since 1935. Copyright1990by the American College is the official journal of the American College of Chest Physicians. It has Chest
Inhalation of Concentrated Ambient Particulate Matter near a Heavily Trafficked Road Stimulates Antigen-Induced Airway Responses in Mice

The goal of this study was to test the following hypotheses: (1) exposure to mobile emissions from mobile sources close to a heavily trafficked roadway will exacerbate airway inflammation and allergic airway responses in a sensitized mouse model, and (2) the magnitude of allergic airway disease responses will decrease with increasing distance from the roadway. A particle concentrator and a mobile exposure facility were used to expose ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice to purified air and concentrated fine and concentrated ultrafine ambient particles at 50 m and 150 m downwind from a roadway that was heavily impacted by emissions from heavy duty diesel-powered vehicles. After exposure, we assessed interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, OVA-specific immunoglobulin E, OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1, and eosinophil influx as biomarkers of allergic responses and numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a marker of inflammation. The study was performed over a two-year period, and there were differences in the concentrations and compositions of ambient particulate matter across those years that could have influenced our results. However, averaged over the two-year period, exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) increased the biomarkers associated with airway allergies (IL-5, immunoglobulin E, immunoglobulin G1 and eosinophils). In addition, mice exposed to CAPs 50 m downwind of the roadway had, on the average, greater allergic responses and showed greater indications of inflammation than did mice exposed to CAPs 150 m downwind. This study is consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to CAPs close to a heavily trafficked roadway influenced allergic airway responses.
The association of elevated creatine kinase-myocardial band on mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is time and magnitude limited.

Objective: The joint European Society of Cardiology and American College of Cardiology consensus statement on myocardial necrosis after revascularization stated that any amount of myocardial necrosis as detected by cardiac enzymes should be labeled a myocardial infarct. However, it also stated that more data collection is necessary to better interpret the elevation of cardiac enzymes after coronary artery bypass grafting. We sought to determine if a single postoperative value of creatine kinase-myocardial band could be used as a risk factor to help predict mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 1161 patients undergoing first-time, isolated coronary artery bypass surgery utilizing normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass was conducted. Creatine kinase-myocardial band was measured the morning after surgery. Binary logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard models, and overlapping quintiles were used to illuminate the association between creatine kinase-myocardial band elevation and mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Results: We found a threshold value of creatine kinase-myocardial band, 40 ng/mL, above which elevations were associated with increased death rates. This association held after adjustment for other factors known to contribute to postoperative mortality. However, after 1 year, there was no longer a statistically significant higher mortality associated with elevated creatinine kinase-myocardial band O40 ng/mL. Conclusion: Elevation of creatine kinase-myocardial band the morning after surgery above a threshold 40 ng/mL is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Q 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Critical Factors in the Performance and Cost of Two-Dimensional Gene Scanning: RB1 as a Model

Two-dimensional (2-D) gene scanning (TDGS) is a method for mutation detection based on the electrophoretic separation of PCR-amplified DNA fragments according to size and base pair sequence. The use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as the second separation step provides virtually 100% sensitivity, while the 2-D format allows the inspection of multiple gene fragments simultaneously. Analysis of many exons in parallel is greatly facilitated by extensive PCR multiplexing based on preamplification by long-distance PCR. Recently, TDGS has been applied to detect mutations in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene RB1. Using RB1 as a model, we have now analyzed each step of the protocol, presenting overall improvements and a detailed cost analysis, where the total cost of the assay is found to be about $40 (US). An overall picture of TDGS cost-performance, as compared to direct sequencing, is provided as a function of the number of target fragments.
The role of reference points in ordinal numerical comparisons by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Two experiments examined ordinal numerical knowledge in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ). Ex-periment 1 replicated the finding (E. M. Brannon & H. S. Terrace, 2000) that monkeys trained to respondin descending numerical order ( 43 33 23 1) did not generalize the descending rule to the novel values59 in contrast to monkeys trained to respond in ascending order. Experiment 2 examined whether thefailure to generalize a descending rule was due to the direction of the training sequence or to the specificvalues used in the training sequence. Results implicated 3 factors that characterize a monkeys numericalcomparison process: Webers law, knowledge of ordinal direction, and a comparison of each value in atest pair with the reference point established by the first value of the training sequence.Keywords: Webers law, ordinal numerical knowledge, visual arrays, numerical representations, animalcognition
Relationship between muscle exudate protein composition and broiler breast meat quality

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between meat quality and the protein content and composition of muscle exudate from broiler breast fillets. Deboned breast fillets (n = 48) were obtained from a commercial processing facility and segregated into 2 groups based on color (light and dark). Meat pH, color, moisture content, 3 measures of water-holding capacity (drip loss, salt-induced water uptake, cook loss), protein solubility, and the protein content of muscle exudates were determined in breast fillets. The protein composition of the muscle exudate was evaluated using SDS-PAGE analysis. Light breast fillets had lower meat pH (4 and 24 h postmortem) and higher L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) values than dark fillets. Light breast fillets exhibited greater drip loss after 2 and 7 d of storage, lower salt-induced water uptake, and higher cook loss than dark fillets. Neither sarcoplasmic nor total protein solubility differed between light and dark fillets. Protein concentration of muscle exudates was greater in dark fillets and was negatively correlated to drip loss after 2 d of storage (r = -0.50) and salt-induced water uptake (r = 0.42). Electrophoretic protein banding patterns were similar between muscle exudates and sarcoplasmic protein extracts. Gel electrophoresis data from muscle exudates showed that the relative abundance of 4 bands corresponding to 225, 165, 90, and 71 kDa was higher in dark breast fillets. The relative abundance of 3 bands corresponding to 47, 43, and 39 kDa was higher in light breast fillets. Muscle pH and measurements of water-holding capacity were significantly correlated to the abundance of several individual protein bands within the protein profile of muscle exudates. Data from this study showed that protein differences in breast muscle exudates are related to meat pH, color, and water-holding capacity and suggest that muscle exudate could be a potential source of protein markers for fresh meat quality attributes in broiler fillets.
Relationship of the wasting syndrome to lethality in rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

Abstract Young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a LD95 dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exhibited a progressive reduction in feed intake and body weight until death occurred 15 to 32 days post-treatment. The time course and magnitude of weight loss and lethality of pair-fed control rats were essentially identical to that of TCDD-treated rats with each pair-fed control animal dying within 3 days of its TCDD-treated partner. Body composition analysis of the dead animals revealed that the total amounts of protein, fat, water, and ash in the carcasses of TCDD-treated and pair-fed control rats were each reduced to a similar extent. The temporal pattern of daily feed intake in TCDD-treated and pair-fed control rats (3 meals/day) or (1 meal/day) did not influence the results. Studies conducted at LD25-62 doses of TCDD in male Sprague-Dawley rats of differnt ages—weanling (90 g), young adult (275 g), and mature (450 g)—showed that the severity of the wasting syndrome in all age groups was greatest for animals that died. Also, young adult rats treated with a LD25 dose of TCDD that died displayed the same degree of hypophagia and weight loss prior to death as rats administered a LD95 dose. Histopathology of the liver and gastrointestinal tract was compared in TCDD-treated (LD95 dose) and pair-fed control rats killed 1 day before they otherwise would have died. Hepatocytes of TCDD-treated rats were enlarged relative to those of pair-fed control rats and contained nuclei that varied in size and number. Pair-fed control rats exhibited atrophy of the liver cords due to a decrease in the cytoplasmic volume of their hepatocytes. The stomach and small intestine of TCDD-treated rats were histologically similar to those of ad libitum-fed controls. In contrast, the glandular mucosa of the stomach of pair-fed control rats was ulcerated and the intestinal mucosa was atrophied. Stomach ulcers were the source of clotted blood found throughout the gastrointestinal tract of pair-fed control rats but not that of TCDD-treated animals. These findings demonstrate that hypophagia-induced weight loss is one of perhaps several responses that contribute to the death of TCDD-treated rats. That other responses are also involved is suggested by differences between pair-fed control and TCDD-treated rats in the weight and histopathology of certain organs. In addition, gastrointestinal blood loss contributes to the death of pair-fed control rats but not TCDD-treated animals.
Image registration error analysis with applications in single molecule microscopy

This paper is concerned with assessing localization errors emanating from the image registration of two monochromatic fluorescence microscopy images. Assuming an affine transform exists between images, registration in this setting typically involves using control points to solve a multivariate linear regression problem; however with measurement errors existing in both sets of variables the use of linear least squares is inappropriate. It is shown that image registration is an errors-in-variable problem and as such the correct method is to use generalized least squares. Traditionally this requires the measurement errors to be independent and identically distributed (iid); an assumption that is rarely satisfied in practical situations. An extension of the multivariate generalized least squares estimator that allows non-iid noise is applied. The distributional properties of the estimators are used to derive localization errors emanating from the image registration process in terms of photon counts and experimental parameters.
Effects of Vitamin D3 and D3 Metabolites on Production Parameters and Hatchability of Eggs

Abstract A two phase experiment was conducted with Leghorn pullets to study the effect of graded levels (0 to 18 μg/kg feed) of vitamin D3, 25-OH-D3, l,25-(OH)2 -D3, and 1α-OH-D3 on production parameters and hatchability of eggs. Phase 1 was conducted with 21-week-old pullets for a period of 13 weeks. There were 10 treatments with four replicates of 10 hens in each cage. Eggs were incubated weekly for a period of 8 weeks beginning when the hens were 26 weeks of age. Another phase of the experiment was started when the first phase was terminated and all hens in the different treatments were fed the same basal diet continuing with 1100 ICU D3/kg feed for a period of 12 days to study the daily changes and recovery in hatchability and egg production. The results of the first phase showed that egg production, egg shell weight, egg weight, and the percentage of eggs with soft shells were similar for all treatments. Only the highest level (9 μg/kg feed) of both 1,25-(OH)2 -D3 and 1α-OH-D3 showed slightly lower egg production and feed consumption. Vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 supported excellent hatchability of eggs. In contrast, both levels of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and the lower level of 1α-OH-D3 were ineffective in improving hatchability over that obtained with the unsupplemental diet. During the recovery phase (phase 2), egg production and hatchability of eggs from pullets previously fed the vitamin D3 deficient diet recovered to normal after 8 and 10 days, respectively. Hatchability of eggs from pullets previously fed 1,25-(OH)-D3 and 1α-OH-D3 was normal after 3 and 4 days on the vitamin D3 supplemented diet.
Analysis of resonant cavity geometries in a THz TE 1 -mode parallel-plate waveguide

We describe an experimental and computational study of the dependence of narrow resonances on geometry for rectangular resonant cavities in THz TE 1 -mode parallel-plate waveguides. Increased Q-values can be obtained by modifying the cavity geometry.
Locating a Blood Pressure Quantitative Trait Locus Within 117 kb on the Rat Genome Substitution Mapping and Renal Expression Analysis

Previously, a blood pressure (BP) quantitative trait locus (QTL) on rat chromosome 9 (RNO9) was localized to a <2.4 cM interval using congenic strains generated by introgressing segments of RNO9 from the Dahl salt-resistant (R) rat into the background of the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat. Renal gene expression using Affymetrix gene chips was profiled on S and a congenic strain spanning the 2.4-cM BP QTL interval. This analysis identified 20 differentially expressed genes/expressed sequence tags. Of these, the locus with the greatest differential expression (30- to 35-fold) was regulated endocrine-specific protein 18 (Resp18), which also mapped in the 2.4-cM BP QTL interval. Additional substitution mapping located the QTL to <0.4 cM or approximately 493 kb. This newly defined QTL region still included Resp18. Nucleotide variants were identified between S and R genomic DNA of Resp18 in the coding, 5' regulatory and 3' untranslated regions. The coding sequence variation (T/C) occurs in exon 2 and predicts an amino acid change (Ile/Val) in the protein product. Resp18 was considered a differentially expressed positional candidate for the QTL. To fine-map the BP QTL, we constructed a congenic strain with a smaller introgressed region. Compared with the S rat, this strain (1) had significantly lower BP, (2) did not contain the R form of Resp18, and (3) did not retain the rather spectacular differential expression of Resp18. Together, these results demonstrate that a BP QTL independent of Resp18 exists within the newly defined 117-kb QTL region on RNO9.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder as a paraneoplastic manifestation of lung adenocarcinoma expressing aquaporin-4

Background:The observations of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) occurring in the setting of cancer suggest that aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoimmunity may in some cases be paraneoplastic.Results:We describe a 72-year-old patient who developed a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis associated with AQP4 autoantibodies in the setting of a lung adenocarcinoma recurrence. AQP4 expression was demonstrated in tumor cells. IgG in patient’s cerebrospinal fluid bound to tumor cells co-localizing with AQP4 immunoreactivity.Conclusions and relevance:This case expands the spectrum of paraneoplastic AQP4 autoimmunity highlighting the importance of considering an oncological screening in patients with late-onset NMOSD.
A Review of the Principles of Pulse Oximetry and Accuracy of Pulse Oximeter Estimates During Exercise

This article reviews the principles of pulse oximetry and assesses the accuracy of pulse oximeter measurements obtained during exercise, based on reports of 10 studies that evaluated 24pulse oximetm. Nine of the studies used cycle exerctke, and 1 study utilized treadmill running for mode of activity. Subject populations included patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary disorders, nondisabled individuals, and athletes. Studies were performed under normoxic and hypmic conditions, and 5 of the 10 studies validated 18pulse oximeters at arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (%HbOd levels of 5 78%. Sixteen of the 24 pulse oximeters (67%), jbm 7 of the 10 studies, observed pulse oximeter estimates (%SpOd during exercise to be accurate, at least when %Hb02 was 285% in nonsmokers. However, the degree of accuracy of the pulse oximeters was variable, even among the same models. Recent studies suggest the current generation offinger-probeequipped pulse oximeters may be more accurate than ear-pmbe-equipped models. We recommend that clinicians carehlly secure the probe; monitor signal strength; be wary of %Sp02 values of <W% to 78% to avoid undetected severe hypemia; and be alert to whether a patient is a smoker, in which case %Sp02 will likely be overestimated. Researchers interested in using pulse oximeter estimates should validate their particular pulse oximeter(s) via arterial blood sampling. [Mengelkoch LJ Martin D, Lawler J. A review of the principles of pulse oximetry and accuracy of pulse oximeter estimates during exercise. Phys Ther. 1994; 74:4049.]
A Trichomycete-like Fossil from the Triassic of Antarctica

(1989). A Trichomycete-Like Fossil from the Triassic of Antarctica. Mycologia: Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 643-646.
The Influence of a Continuing Medical Education Campaign on New Strategies to Improve Appropriate Use of Antibiotics

Introduction. Widespread use of antibiotics has led to drug-resistant bacteria and reports of drug-resistant infections. A continuing medical education (CME) campaign was used to improve antibiotic use among primary care providers. Methods. The Office of CME and Professional Development at the University of Colorado School of Medicine produces a semiannual, week-long course for primary care providers. A 2-year multifaceted CME campaign consisted of course content on antibiotic use, a practice audit, and two surveys to measure perceptions of the problem of antibiotic overuse, potential barriers to achieving appropriate use, and strategies to overcome barriers. Results. The overall response rate in the 2nd part of the campaign was 68.4%. Sixty-six percent of respondents had implemented at least one strategy to reduce antibiotic overuse. The rate was significantly higher among those who had attended previous reviews (81.0%) compared with those who had attended neither (54%, ). However, there was no “dose effect” on the rate of implementing a new strategy. Conclusions. Overuse of antibiotic therapy has important public health implications. Results suggest that mixed interactive and didactic CME program was effective in increasing awareness of antibiotic overuse and strategies for reducing antibiotic administration.
Fundamental Principles and Challenges of Humanizing Legal Education

While the humanizing legal education community has been recognized as an official section of the American Association of Law Schools; has an active listserv with student, scholar and attorney members; and has hosted international conferences such as this one; there is no clear definition of "humanizing legal education." In this essay, I suggest three principles that underlie the scholarship of those who seek to humanize legal education and then ask some hard questions about the economics of legal education that challenge our ability to meet any of these principles.First - Do No Harm. Scholars devoted to humanizing legal education might consider the language we choose: what is it to "humanize" something?Second - Teach Students Not Just Subjects. Certainly doing no harm - creating positive, supportive learning environments - is the starting point in valuing our students. We must do more, however, than merely remove negatives if we are to place the highest priority on the humans we are educating. Third - Peace and Justice. A third value found threaded throughout all of the humanizing literature is more about explicit values education. The call to humanize legal education is part of a much larger call to humanize the profession by recapturing the essence of professional values - peacemaking, problem solving, and justice work. Both the public and attorneys themselves are increasingly disillusioned about lawyers and the law. The answer to humanizing legal education and legal practice lies in rekindling professional values of peacemaking and service. To truly humanize legal education we must step out of the classroom and hallways and advocate on behalf of our students. We must step into the admissions and financial aid offices and take into account the values of investing in our students. We must step into the state houses to advocate on behalf of law, lawyers, and legal education. Lastly and at a minimum, we must be sure our students understand the finances of law school and the profession and have the courage to tell that truth without fear of its impact on our own economic circumstances.
HEALTH STATUS AND UTILIZATION BEHAVIOR ASSOCIATED WITH MENOPAUSE

Since menopause is increasingly implicated in the etiology of some major age-related diseases in women, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and depression, there is a need to understand the epidemiology of this physiologic event which is universal for women. To date, knowledge of menopause is based on a small proportion of self-selecting, predominantly ill women. A stereotype has emerged of the "typical" menopausal woman, who presents a broad range of diffuse symptoms and is a higher utilizer of health care. This prevailing view is contradicted by prospective data gathered over 27 months on a cohort of approximately 2,500 women who are representative of women aged 45-55 years in Massachusetts. It is demonstrated that menopause itself does not cause poorer health status (either physical or psychologic); menopause itself does not cause an increase in utilization behavior; occurrence of a surgical menopause is the primary menopause-related change associated with subsequent perceived health status and utilization behavior, and then only minimally; and almost all the explained variability in health status and utilization behavior outcomes is attributable to the prior health status of the respondents and, to a lesser extent, to utilization behavior. These findings underscore the importance of two methodological requirements for future work: representative samples of apparently healthy women; and prospective data which elucidate cause-effect relations.
Genetic relationship between leg problems and bone quality traits in a random mating broiler population

We herein report the genetic association between leg problems and bone quality traits in a random mating broiler control population. The leg problem traits were valgus (VL), varus (VR), and tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and that of bone quality were shank weight (SW), shank length (SL), shank diameter (SDIAM), tibia weight (TW), tibia length (TL), tibia diameter (TDIAM), tibia density (TDEN), tibia breaking strength (TBS), tibia mineral density (TMD), tibia mineral content (TMC), and tibia ash content (TAC). A threshold-linear mixed model, implemented via a Bayesian approach, was employed for the joint analysis of the traits. Genetic correlations of leg problems with bone quality traits ranged from -0.06 to 0.11 suggesting that genetic relationship between leg problems and quality is weak, and management strategies could better alleviate leg problems than genetic improvement.
Robust wireless delivery of scalable videos using inter-layer network coding

As the popularity of wireless devices (e.g. smart-phones and tablets) and watching videos over the Internet is increasing rapidly, delivering high quality videos to users over wireless links is becoming an important application. One of the main challenges of multicasting in wireless networks to multiple receivers is the diversity of the receivers. In a wireless network, the users have different wireless channel conditions, and as a result, they experience different packet delivery rates. In order to handle these heterogeneous channels, multi-resolution videos are used to deliver videos at multiple quality levels. The recent research on multi-resolution codes show that triangular network coding can increase the quality of the received videos by the users. In this paper, considering the dependencies among different temporal and spatio (resolution) layers of a video, we propose a new two-dimensional triangular network coding that performs network coding between the temporal and spatio layers. Our simulation results show the effectiveness of our two-dimensional coding schemes compared to the previous one-dimensional network coding schemes.
Application of cloud computing in power grid

The paper introduces the developemnt and the basic principles of cloud computing and presents its advantages compared to grid computing.Also,the paper elaborates the application of the computer computing in loss analysis,power system stability analysis and the State Grid office automation system,making a conclusion that the cloud computing will replace the centralized computing and become the core computing technology in the future.
Selective presence of ubiquitin in intracellular inclusions.

Abstract The authors have shown previously that ubiquitin, a protein involved in the degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins, is present in several cytoplasmic inclusions of neurons. This study used a library of antibodies to ubiquitin and immunohistochemically examined for the presence of ubiquitin in nonviral intracytoplasmic inclusions that form in different cell types under various pathologic conditions. Membrane-bound lysosomal and nonlysosomal inclusions such as those of storage disease, Russell bodies, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein as well as nonmembrane-bound inclusions were examined. Ubiquitin epitopes were detected in some of the nonmembrane-bound inclusions only. The ubiquitin-containing inclusions were the Rosenthal fibers, Mallory bodies, Crooke bodies, Lafora bodies, amyloid bodies, and the giant axons of giant axonal neuropathy. Nemaline bodies and the inclusions of juvenile digital fibromatosis, both of which contain actin and actinbinding proteins, did not show immunoreaction. These findings, as well as those of the previous study, show that the presence of ubiquitin in cellular inclusions is selective. The ubiquitin-containing inclusions are not membrane bound; they are fibrillary and most contain also intermediate filament-related proteins. The role of ubiquitin in the formation of these inclusions remains to be elucidated.
Revealing electronic structure changes in Chevrel phase cathodes upon Mg insertion using X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Following previous work predicting the electronic response of the Chevrel phase Mo6S8 upon Mg insertion (Thole et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 22548), we provide the experimental proof, evident in X-ray absorption spectroscopy, to illustrate the charge compensation mechanism of the Chevrel phase compound during Mg insertion and de-insertion processes.
Orthopaedic Issues for Active and Athletic Women

This article reviews certain musculoskeletal issues important to active female athletes. Injury rates and select orthopedic concerns are given special emphasis.
Muscle Fatigue and Muscle Injury

Muscle fatigue is a complex, multifactorial process. The causes of fatigue are classified as central, including brain and spinal cord mechanisms, and peripheral including peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction, sarcolemma, excitation-contraction coupling, energy supply, and force generation mechanisms. Muscle injury, particularly muscle strain, has been linked to fatigue. Different mechanisms may be responsible for fatigue under different conditions. The clinical value of the ongoing study of muscle fatigue is tremendous.
Limitations of Medicaid dentistry in the 1980s.

A review is provided of the general developments of Medicaid dentistry during the 1980s with emphasis on the variations between the state programs. "In an effort to control rising Medicaid costs, New York State plans this fall to set annual limits on doctor and laboratory visits and prescriptions for its 2.3 million recipients."
“It Won’t Be as Bad as You Think:” Autonomy and Adaptation to Disability

People with disabilities often report enjoying a much higher quality of life than people without disabilities would expect. For instance, many people believe that their lives would be much worse if they were to become paraplegic. Indeed, some people believe that life with paraplegia would be barely worth living. Yet, perhaps surprisingly, many paraplegics report being roughly as happy as able-bodied people (see Gilbert 2006, 167, and Brickman, Coates, and Janoff-Bulman 1978).
A Soft-Error Mitigated Microprocessor With Software Controlled Error Reporting and Recovery

A MIPS 4Kc compliant embedded microprocessor design that incorporates architectural features for software controlled soft-error recovery is presented. The design leverages classical fault tolerance techniques, e.g., error detection and instruction restart, implemented at the micro-architectural level, and added instructions for error recovery. Soft-errors are detected as the instructions commit to architectural state. At this point, an exception is taken and software recovers the correct machine state and restarts execution. The software recovery allows full machine inspection to determine error root causes. Added instructions also facilitate silicon validation of the hardware and software recovery mechanisms. The design is implemented in a commercial low standby power 90-nm bulk CMOS process and the prototype operates at up to 336 MHz. Finally, proton broad beam irradiation results are presented. The processor demonstrates correct recovery, resuming program operation, from over 500 detected soft-errors, with no unrecoverable errors.
Early decompressive craniectomy for malignant cerebral infarction: Meta-analysis and clinical decision algorithm

Abstract Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an aggressive life-saving surgical intervention for patients with malignant cerebral infarction (MCI). However, DC remains inconsistently and infrequently utilized, primarily due to enduring concern that increased survival occurs only at the cost of poor functional outcome. Our aim was to clarify the role of DC performed within 48 hours (early DC) for patients with MCI, including patients aged >60 years. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials comparing early DC to best medical care for MCI. Studies were identified through literature searches of electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. We employed a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects model to assess treatment effect on dichotomized modified Rankin Scale (mRS) outcomes at 12 months. Results: A total of 289 patients from 6 randomized controlled trials comparing early DC to best medical care were included. Early DC resulted in an increased rate of excellent outcomes, defined as mRS ≤2 (relative risk [RR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–7.82, p = 0.047), and favorable outcomes, defined as mRS ≤3 (RR 2.06, 95% CI 1.25–3.40, p = 0.005). Early DC also increased the rate of survival with unfavorable outcomes, defined as mRS 4–5 (RR 3.03, 95% CI 1.98–4.65, p Conclusions: Early DC increases the rate of excellent outcomes, i.e., functional independence, in addition to favorable and unfavorable outcomes; however, these findings must be interpreted within the context of patients9 goals of care. We have developed a clinical decision algorithm that incorporates goals of care, which may guide consideration of early DC for MCI in clinical practice.
Keynote Address: The Financial Crisis and Credit Unavailability: Cause or Effect?

The standard story is that the financial crisis resulted in the loss of credit availability. Although the relationship between credit availability and financial decline leading to the crisis was somewhat interactive, I argue that a loss of credit availability appears to have caused the financial crisis more than the reverse. That can teach us at least three lessons. First, because credit availability is now dependent on financial markets as well as banks, financial regulation should be designed to protect the viability of markets as well as banks. Second, diversifying credit sources might increase financial stability. Third, we should try to identify and correct system-wide flaws that can undermine credit availability. One of the most intractable of these flaws is our own inherent human limitations, which we can do little to correct. That suggests an ongoing risk for credit availability, and thus an ongoing potential for new financial crises to arise.
Double higher-order FEM modeling using an anisotropic conformal perfectly matched layer

We present a computationally efficient technique for termination of a computational domain in open-domain scattering simulations based on a double higher-order (higher order in geometry and field approximation) finite element method (DHO-FEM). The computational domain is surrounded by an anisotropic, locally-conformal perfectly matched layer (PML) utilizing higher order, continuously inhomogeneous, anisotropic material parameters.