cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing algorithms by simulation: variance reduction techniques and simulation speedups

Although experimental studies have been widely applied to the investigation of algorithm performance, very little attention has been given to experimental method in this area. This is unfortunate, since much can be done to improve the quality of the data obtained; often, much improvement may be needed for the data to be useful. This paper gives a tutorial discussion of two aspects of good experimental technique: the use of variance reduction techniques and simulation speedups in algorithm studies.In an illustrative study, application of variance reduction techniques produces a decrease in variance by a factor 1000 in one case, giving a dramatic improvement in the precision of experimental results. Furthermore, the complexity of the simulation program is improved from Θmn/Hn) to Θ(m + n log n) (where m is typically much larger than n), giving a much faster simulation program and therefore more data per unit of computation time. The general application of variance reduction techniques is also discussed for a variety of algorithm problem domains.
Engineered micromechanical cues affecting human pluripotent stem cell regulations and fate.

The survival, growth, self-renewal, and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are influenced by their microenvironment, or so-called “niche,” consisting of particular chemical and physical cues. Previous studies on mesenchymal stem cells and other stem cells have collectively uncovered the importance of physical cues and have begun to shed light on how stem cells sense and process such cues. In an attempt to support similar progress in mechanobiology of hPSCs, we review mechanosensory machinery, which plays an important role in cell–extracellular matrix interactions, cell-cell interactions, and subsequent intracellular responses. In addition, we review recent studies on the mechanobiology of hPSCs, in which engineered micromechanical environments were used to investigate effects of specific physical cues. Identifying key physical cues and understanding their mechanism will ultimately help in harnessing the full potential of hPSCs for clinical applications.
A Personal Adventure in Muon-Catalyzed Fusion

Luis Alvarez and colleagues discovered muon-catalyzed fusion of hydrogen isotopes by chance in late 1956. On sabbatical leave at Princeton University during that year, I read the first public announcement of the discovery at the end of December in that well-known scientific journal, The New York Times. A nuclear theorist by prior training, I was intrigued enough in the phenomenon to begin some calculations. I describe my work here, my interaction with Alvarez, and a summary of the surprising developments, both before and after Alvarez’s discovery. The rare proton–deuteron (p–d) fusion events in Alvarez’s liquid-hydrogen bubble chamber occurred only because of the natural presence of a tiny amount of deuterium (heavy hydrogen). Additionally, the fusion rate, once the proton–deuteron–muon (pdμ − ) molecular ion has been formed, is sufficiently slow that only rarely does an additional catalytic act occur. A far different situation occurs for muons stopping in pure deuterium or a deuterium–tritium (d–t) mixture where the fusion rates are many orders of magnitude larger and the molecular-formation rates are large compared to the muon’s decay rate. The intricate interplay of atomic, molecular, and nuclear science, together with highly fortuitous accidents in the molecular dynamics and the hope of practical application, breathed life into a seeming curiosity. A small but vigorous worldwide community has explored these myriad phenomena in the past 50 years.
Inotropic Effects of the ${\rm K}^{+}$ Channel Blocker 3,4-Diaminopyridine: Differential Responses of Rat Soleus and Extensor Digitorum Longus

The K+ channel blocker 3,4-diaminopyrindine (DAP) increases diaphragm force, use of which could potentially improve muscle performance during functional neuromuscular stimulation. To determine the extent of hindlimb muscle force augmentation, and delineate whether DAP effects vary in muscles comprised of mainly slow versus fast fibers, rat soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm muscle samples were studied in vitro. DAP increased force of all three muscles, but at high concentrations the force increases were transient and were followed by declines in force below baseline. The maximum DAP-induced twitch force increase was smaller for soleus (38 plusmn 7%) than both EDL (94 plusmn 12%) (P<0.05) and diaphragm (93 plusmn 13%) (P<0.01). During fatigue-inducing 20 Hz stimulation (tested at an intermediate DAP concentration), force of soleus muscle remained significantly elevated by DAP for the entire testing period, force of DAP-treated EDL muscle rapidly declined to values in untreated muscle, and force of DAP-treated diaphragm had an intermediate force-time profile. Muscles varied in extent to which isometric contractile kinetics were altered by DAP. Thus, the K+ channel blocker DAP improves contractile performance of limb muscles, but the profile of improvement is distinct between the soleus and EDL muscles. Nomenclature) 4-AP: 4-aminopyridine) DAP: 3,4-diaminopyridine) EDL: extensor digitorum longus
Multiple sources with multiple portals: a demonstration of the ensemble computing portal in second life

This demonstration is an overview of our Ensemble pathway project with group members on-location at the conference and in the virtual world of Second Life from remote locations providing a live walk-through tour of our project online. This approach allows the demonstration to extend beyond the allocated conference session as a means to attract people to JCDL/ICADL.
Blackhead Disease (Histomoniasis) in Poultry: A Critical Review

Abstract After its discovery in 1893 in Rhode Island, blackhead disease was reported across the continent and soon in many other countries. It decimated the turkey industry in New England and followed production like a faithful shadow. Blackhead disease causes high mortality in turkeys, sometimes approaching 100% of a flock. In chickens, the mortality may be 10%–20% with high morbidity, although many outbreaks pass unnoticed. Early workers identified Histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan related to Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Trichomonas, as the causative agent. Like many other parasites, its life cycle is complex, involving as an intermediate host, the common cecal worm Heterakis gallinarum. The necessity for bacteria for Histomonas to become virulent in the turkey and chicken, notably Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium spp., was discovered by research in gnotobiotic birds. Changes in management brought the disease under control, although it remained the first cause of mor...
Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis

The liver is the major site for the biotransformation of drugs and toxins. The formation of reactive metabolites during this process of biotransformation places the liver at risk for the development of hepatic injury. This chapter reviews the basic principles and classifications of drug-induced hepatic injury, with emphasis on hepatocellular damage. In addition, recent advances are presented in a select number of drugs that may cause hepatitis.
Crowdfunding: Applying Collective Indexing of Emotions to Campaign Videos

Crowdfunding has gained increasing popularity among those seeking to finance both for-profit and non-profit endeavors. Previous work has begun to explore the factors that lead to successful crowdfunding campaigns. While crowdfunding campaigns with videos have been shown to have a higher probability of success, few studies have examined their effect on giving behavior. This work begins to close the gap in the literature by presenting a method to examine the interactions between a crowdfunding campaign video and a potential supporter in terms of emotion. We present a methodology based on a technique first developed in the study of emotions and videos that utilizes the idea of collective indexing. Our results show that it is likely that the emotional footprints of each video can be measured using our methodology. From our initial findings we hope to begin the conversation on emotion and crowdfunding campaigns in the scientific community.
Flow cytometric analysis of megakaryocytes from patients with abnormal platelet counts

Megakaryocytes (MKs) from 40 patients with quantitative platelet disorders and 19 normal volunteers were analyzed by flow cytometry for size, fine cell internal structure and granularity, membrane expression of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex, and for ploidy distribution. Analysis was performed on unfractionated minimally manipulated marrows obtained from routine bone marrow aspirates. MKs were labeled with a fluorescent lineage-specific monoclonal antibody to the GPIIb/IIIa complex followed by DNA staining with propidium iodide. Eight hundred to 3,000 MKs were analyzed in each sample. The modal ploidy distribution in normals was 16N, comprising about half of the megakaryocytic population, with 22.6% of the cells less than or equal to 8N and 22.0% greater than or equal to 32N. Twelve thrombocytopenic patients with decreased marrow MKs on biopsy (mean platelet count [MPC] 44,600/microliters) showed an increase in low ploidy cells with 53.2% less than or equal to 8N (P less than .01); cell size was reduced in three patients when compared to normal cells of identical ploidy (P less than .05). Eight thrombocytopenic patients with enhanced platelet destruction (with normal or increased MKs on biopsy and shortened platelet survival; MPC 41,400/microliters) showed an increased proportion of high ploidy cells greater than or equal to 32N to 39.2% (P less than .01). Increased cell size and granularity were found in four of these patients (P less than .05). Six patients with thrombocytopenia secondary to multiple mechanisms affecting both platelet production and destruction (MPC 66,700/microliters) showed no shift in ploidy. Four patients with primary thrombocytosis (two with thrombocythemia and two with polycythemia vera; MPC 822,500/microliters) showed a marked shift toward high ploidy cells with 42.3% greater than or equal to 32N and 7.6% greater than or equal to 64N cells (P less than .01). The shift was accompanied by a marked increase in cell size and granularity in the patients with thrombocythemia. Ten patients with thrombocytosis secondary to chronic blood loss, malignant or inflammatory disorders (MPC 714,000/microliters), showed variable distributions with four patients exhibiting a shift in ploidy to the right similar to that found in the patients with increased platelet destruction. Based upon the present data, flow cytometric ploidy distribution may be diagnostically useful in thrombocytopenic patients by discriminating between disorders of platelet production and destruction. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Unfractionated heparin and other antithrombin mediated anticoagulants.

1. Brian K Adler, MD[⇑][1] 1. Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Brookwood Medical Center, Birmingham AL 1. Address for correspondence: Brian K Adler MD, 2022 Brookwood Medical Center Drive, Birmingham AL (205) 877-2888. Several anticoagulants work by enhancing the role of antithrombin (previously called antithrombin III). The group includes one of the oldest anticoagulants, unfractionated heparin (UFH), along with the more recent low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), heparinoids, i.e., Danaparoid® that has been removed from the market, and the synthetic drugs fondaparinux and idraparinux, currently in clinical trials. All of these agents work indirectly to inhibit the generation of thrombin and fibrin. They work by binding to antithrombin, creating a marked increase in the affinity of antithrombin for the serine protease active site of the coagulation factor(s) to inhibit their activity. While these drugs share this mechanism of action, the drugs differ in the coagulation factors most targeted for inactivation. Moreover, they differ in their pharmacologic properties leading to significant differences with regard to predictability and flexibility of dosing and administration, as well as toxicity profiles (Table 1). UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN UFH has a long history of clinical benefit for both arterial and venous thrombotic diseases. Despite the advent of newer agents, it still plays an important role in the care of diverse groups of patients and disorders. The familiarity and reversibility of UFH give it some clear advantages. Nonetheless, it also presents some definite shortcomings, especially with regard to monitoring needs and potential for severe complications. UFH consists of heterogeneous-length polysaccharides with sugar subunits having variable sulfation. Molecular weights of individual molecules vary between 3,000 and 30,000 daltons.1,2 Only about one-third of the administered UFH will have the required specific pentamer sequence that has high… ABBREVIATIONS: LMWH = low-molecular-weight heparins; PTT = partial thromboplastin time; TFPI = tissue factor pathway inhibitor; UFH = unfractionated heparin. [1]: #corresp-1
Clinical Reasoning: An unusual case of blurry vision in a young woman after ovarian induction

A 38-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with blurry vision and headache. She developed her symptoms insidiously 8 days into ovarian induction for in vitro fertilization (IVF), consisting of recombinant follicular stimulating hormone, gonadotropin, and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. The headache was mild, constant, diffuse, nonpositional, and minimally alleviated with ibuprofen. She described binocular difficulty “focusing her vision” but denied a field cut or diplopia. A community ophthalmologist reported a normal dilated funduscopic examination but noted a subtle right homonymous hemianopia only present on formal Humphrey visual field testing and brought her to neurologic attention. She denied a history of headaches, muffled hearing or whooshing sounds, or prior symptoms suggestive of demyelinating disease. She did not have a history of immunocompromising conditions. She had not undergone any invasive gynecologic procedures nor did she have fevers. She had a history of Gilbert syndrome and hypothyroidism. Her only additional medications were levothyroxine, fish oil, and iron supplements.
An asynchronous distributed algorithm for computing a common fixed point of a family of paracontractions

A distributed algorithm is described for finding a common fixed point of a family of m > 1 nonlinear maps M i : Rn → Rn assuming that each map is a paracontraction. The common fixed point is asynchronously computed in real time by m agents assuming each agent i knows only M i , the current estimates of the fixed point generated by its neighbors, and nothing more. Each agent recursively updates its estimate of the fixed point at its own event times, by utilizing estimates generated by each of its neighbors. Neighbor relations are characterized by a time-dependent directed graph N(t) whose vertices correspond to agents and whose arcs depict neighbor relations.
Menstruation and Menstrual Disorders: The Epidemiology of Menstruation and Menstrual Dysfunction

This chapter describes the epidemiology of menstruation and menstrual disorders. First we describe normal variation in menstrual cycle length, in the duration and amount of menstrual bleeding and in the probability of ovulation across the reproductive lifespan, as well as what is known about how these patterns differ by geographic region, ethnicity, socio-economic status, body mass index, lifestyle and environmental factors. Then, we define menstrual dysfunction and describe what is known about the population frequency of and risk factors for specific conditions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of methodological issues in the measurement of menstrual function, challenges in the design and analysis of studies of menstrual function, and priorities for future research.
Stem Cell Therapies in Retinal Disorders

Stem cell therapy has long been considered a promising mode of treatment for retinal conditions. While human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have provided the precedent for regenerative medicine, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revolutionized this field. iPSCs allow for the development of many types of retinal cells, including those of the retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors, and ganglion cells, and can model polygenic diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. Cellular programming and reprogramming technology is especially useful in retinal diseases, as it allows for the study of living cells that have genetic variants that are specific to patients' diseases. Since iPSCs are a self-renewing resource, scientists can experiment with an unlimited number of pluripotent cells to perfect the process of targeted differentiation, transplantation, and more, for personalized medicine. Challenges in the use of stem cells are present from the scientific, ethical, and political realms. These include transplant complications leading to anatomically incorrect placement, concern for tumorigenesis, and incomplete targeting of differentiation leading to contamination by different types of cells. Despite these limitations, human ESCs and iPSCs specific to individual patients can revolutionize the study of retinal disease and may be effective therapies for conditions currently considered incurable.
Youth Involved in Prostitution (YIP)

Since the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act (TVPA) legally defined anyone under the age of 18 who is induced to engage in a commercial sex act as a sex trafficking victim, there ha...
Prediction Markets for Science: Is the Cure Worse than the Disease?

AbstractPrediction markets, which trade contracts based on the results of predictions, have been remarkably successful in predicting the results of political events. A number of proposals have been made to extend prediction markets to scientific questions, and some small-scale science prediction markets have been implemented. Advocates for science prediction markets argue that they could alleviate problems in science such as bias in peer review and epistemically unjustified consensus. I argue that bias in peer review and epistemically unjustified consensuses are genuine problems in science, and that current attempts to solve them fail in practical circumstances. Prediction markets do show some promise for answering scientific questions while avoiding the pitfalls of consensus and peer review. However, there are strong reasons to believe that science prediction markets will not perform nearly so well as election prediction markets, and implementing prediction markets on a large scale could have significant...
Postpartum Depression: An Essential Overview for the Practitioner

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a cross-cultural form of major depressive disorder that affects some 13% of women and can have serious health consequences for both the mother and her child. Easy-to-use, reliable, self-administered screening tools are available. PPD may have a variety of etiologies, which include changing plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone, postpartum hypothyroidism, sleep deprivation, or difficult life circumstances. Standard treatments for PPD include psychotherapy and antidepressants. However, treatment of a thyroid condition or insomnia, or even regular exercise or massage may also be beneficial. PPD is underdiagnosed, therefore more screening is needed. Obstetricians and pediatricians have a unique opportunity to test women for PPD, but general practitioners may encounter patients with undiagnosed PPD, too. These physicians could positively impact the lives of depressed mothers and their children by identifying them, then treating or providing referrals for care as appropriate.
The Impact of Teaching Prognostication at the End of Life: A Pre-Post Interventional Study.

Background:Providing accurate and valid prognostic information significantly influences end-of-life care. Disclosing a poor prognosis can be among the most difficult of physician responsibilities, ...
In Defense of Vasubandhu's Approach to Episodic Phenomenology

ABSTRACTGaneri [2018] explores three Buddhist approaches to episodic memory and concludes in favor of Buddhaghosa's attentional account. When comparing it to Vasubandhu's, Ganeri argues that Buddhaghosa's is preferable because it does not over-intellectualize episodic memory. In my commentary, I argue that the intellectualism of Vasubandhu's approach (at least as presented by Ganeri) makes it both a more plausible account of episodic memory and a more successful strategy for addressing the precarious role of the self in this form of memory.
Silences Between Jewishness and Indigeneity in Eduardo Halfon’s Mañana nunca lo hablamos

Este articulo se centra en la obra Manana nunca lo hablamos (2011) de Eduardo Halfon, argumentando que Halfon aporta una mirada retrospectiva de la violencia de la guerra civil guatemalteca desde una perspectiva judia que se diferencia sustancialmente de la indigena. Sin embargo, este analisis elucida la medida en que la obra de Halfon plantea la posibilidad de una identificacion afectiva entre los judios y los indigenas en el contexto del violento conflicto politico. Las conclusiones sostienen que la obra ofrece nuevas posibilidades para pensar la relacion entre la etnicidad y la politica, una relacion conceptual que hasta ahora ha constituido una laguna critica en los analisis de las producciones culturales judias latinoamericanas.
Synthesis, characterization, and oxidation catalysis studies of a monofunctionalized copper pyridine-aza macrocycle

Abstract A copper-containing pyridine-aza macrocycle (PyMAC) with a propionic acid functionality was synthesized and characterized using X-ray crystallography and various spectroscopic techniques. The complex was then screened for peroxidase, olefin epoxidation, and phenol oxidation properties, using an ABTS assay, GC-MS, and UV–Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The control copper (II) perchlorate salts were superior oxidation catalysts to the pentadentate carboxylic acid complex, CuLCOOH, and the unfunctionalized amine PyMAC, CuCRH. This might indicate that free copper ions facilitate the one-electron oxidations necessary for the reactions better than complexed copper. It also indicates that the copper PyMACs are far less effective than the analogous nickel and iron systems. We did, however, obtain valuable insights on the chemistry governing this family of PyMACs by probing the CuLCOOH’s solution and solid-phase protonation equilibria, which will be useful for isolating and studying the analogous iron complex, FeLCOOH.
Tracking User Mobility to Detect Suspicious Behavior.

Popularity of mobile devices is accompanied by widespread security problems, such as MAC address spoofing in wireless networks. We propose a probabilistic approach to temporal anomaly detection using smoothing technique for sparse data. Our technique builds up on the Markov chain, and clustering is presented for reduced storage requirements. Wireless networks suffer from oscillations between locations, which result in weaker statistical models. Our technique identifies such oscillations, resulting in higher accuracy. Experimental results on publicly available wireless network data sets indicate that our technique is more effective than Markov chain to detect anomalies for location, time, or
Structure and Morphogenesis of Type-C Retroviruses

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the models for the structure and morphogenesis of avian and murine type-C retroviruses. These are based on the molecular arrangement of virion structural components in the particle as well as on available data relating to the biosynthesis of these products. Since the avian and murine retroviruses are the most thoroughly characterized, the chapter focuses mainly on these systems. The visualization of the morphology of type-C viruses by electron microscopy has been generally impaired because of their labile structure and artifacts generated by various staining methods. However, gentle purification procedures combined with improved sample preparation and staining techniques have permitted a visualization of the fine structure of type-C viruses from a variety of species. Recent electron microscopic investigations with murine and avian type-C viruses revealed the presence of a thin layer, the inner coat (IC), located just beneath the viral envelope. The IC is apparently attached to the envelope since it remains in its normal configuration even in instances where the inner components of the virus are well separated from the envelope. The viral envelope and IC surround the virus core that consists of an outer core shell (CS) of hexagonally arranged subunits, enclosing the internal electron-dense ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). The RNP appears as a filamental strand in the form of a spiral. The localization of the analogous avian and murine structural components in the virion is also summarized.
Five Challenges for Regulating the Global Information Society

The Internet is unquestionably having a profound effect on many aspects of the social, cultural, economic, and legal systems of planet Earth. Indeed, advances in the Internet and in other global communications technologies make it possible to contemplate the development of a global information society. Such a society may offer many benefits to humankind, but constructing policies to enable and promote this information society presents significant challenges. Among the most difficult questions now confronting legal decisionmakers are these: Can existing laws successfully be applied to activities occurring via the Internet? Can existing law be adapted to regulate these activities? Are existing laws outmoded or inadequate? Are completely new laws needed to deal with Internet and other information technology developments? When old laws do not fit and cannot easily be adapted, it may be necessary to go back to first principles and consider how to preserve social and cultural values in the new context of the Internet. Decisions about the law of the Internet, whether carried out by judges, legislatures, or regulators, will have an important impact on the kind of information economy and information society that will emerge. This article offers some suggestions about how regulators might more wisely make policy choices to promote a global information society in which we would all like to live.
Delivering problem-solving therapy to family caregivers of people with cancer: A feasibility study in outpatient palliative care.

Objective In response to the well-documented need for evidence-based cancer caregiver support, we examined the feasibility of problem-solving therapy for family caregivers of cancer patients receiving outpatient palliative care and investigated the impact of problem-solving therapy on family caregivers' anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Methods We conducted a feasibility study of a structured problem-solving therapy intervention delivered to family caregivers of cancer patients receiving outpatient palliative care from an academic health center in the Midwestern United States. Participants (N = 83) were randomly assigned to receive usual care or usual care plus a problem-solving therapy intervention, which was delivered over three sessions via web-based videoconferencing or telephone. Descriptive statistics were used to determine feasibility relative to recruitment, retention, and fidelity to core intervention components. Outcome data were analyzed using ordinary least squares multiple regression. Results Problem-solving therapy for family caregivers of patients with cancer was found to be highly feasible in the outpatient palliative care setting. Caregivers who received problem-solving therapy reported less anxiety than those who received only usual care (P = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were observed for caregiver depression (P = 0.07) or quality of life (P = 0.06). Conclusions Problem-solving therapy is a feasible and promising approach to reducing cancer family caregivers' anxiety in the outpatient palliative care setting. Further testing in multiple sites is recommended.
Framing police and protesters: assessing volume and framing of news coverage post-Ferguson, and corresponding impacts on legislative activity

The 2014 killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, MO intensified debates on policing in Black and minority communities and served as a major catalyst for protest movements such as Black Lives Matter (...
Shakestats: Writing About Shakespeare Between the Humanities and the Social Sciences

Part review essay, part methodological manifesto, and part pedagogical example, this article confronts the role of quantitative data in Shakespeare studies. Framed with the rise of the digital humanities (which has brought about 'humanities computing', 'distant reading', and 'culturomics'), the article surveys the use of statistics to study both Shakespeare’s text and his reception. Opportunities and strategies for using quantitative data in the classroom are also addressed before concluding with some recommendations: statistics can reveal to us new information about language usage, form, and authorship, but they cannot answer questions of literary meaning and value. For that reason, quantitative analysis will never replace qualitative analysis as the principle mode of literary studies, but that does not mean that quantitative analysis is useless. It can help us identify where we should direct interpretation, and it can add both scope and precision to the information we need to interpret.
Animal versus reflective orders of epistemic competence

Reflective knowledge requires more of one’s first-order apt belief, which now must also manifest a second-order competence, the believer’s second-order competence to judge whether first-order belief is or would be apt.
1,3,5-tripyridylbenzenes via threefold stille couplings

Novel 1,3,5-tripyridylbenzenes are synthesized using a threefold Stille coupling as the strategic reaction.
Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis of Watershed and Estuarine Processes for Conservation Planning in Elkhorn Slough, Monterey County, California

The Elkhorn Slough watershed, located on the coast of Monterey Bay in Central California, is a significant Pacific Coast estuarine system. It has become a nexus of remote sensing research due to partnerships with multiple nearby institutions, and innovative approaches in the research area have addressed several management issues in the watershed. Historical ecological research with archival aerial photographs identified significant trends in marshland conversion to other habitat types, mainly from hydrological modifications but also from off-farm sedimentation. Research addressing nutrient and sediment runoff demonstrate the potential to correlate estuarine disturbance and response to watershed inputs or properties. Spectral indices from HyMap hyperspectral imaging of salt marsh vegetation were correlated with water nutrient enrichment. Also the current extent of sedimentation in the salt marsh was linked to historical land cover and physical watershed variables. Repeat multibeam bathymetry surveys identify regions of the slough with high erosion rates from tidal scour and point to causes of salt marsh conversion. Despite challenges associated with these applications, remote sensing and GIS analyses, especially salt marsh vegetation change detection and bathymetric change detection, inform current restoration planning efforts described in the Elkhorn Slough Tidal Wetland Strategic Plan. Multiple committees and working groups have formed a consensus on the need to address the problem of tidal scour partly due to the availability of high quality, high resolution spatial data. In addition GIS-based watershed management continues to improve estuarine conditions, as agencies, land trusts and private landowners have reduced nutrient and sediment inputs through restoration and erosion control.
Spatial uncertainties of contemporary governance

The geography of governance has never been as stable as we have pretended, with the coloured blocs of territory on our maps telling us everything we need to know about the realities on the ground. ...
Tumor cell sensitivity to vemurafenib can be predicted from protein expression in a BRAF -V600E basket trial setting

Genetics-based basket trials have emerged to test targeted therapeutics across multiple cancer types. However, while vemurafenib is FDA-approved for BRAF-V600E melanomas, the non-melanoma basket trial was unsuccessful, suggesting mutation status is insufficient to predict response. We hypothesized that proteomic data would complement mutation status to identify vemurafenib-sensitive tumors and effective co-treatments for BRAF-V600E tumors with inherent resistance. Reverse Phase Proteomic Array (RPPA, MD Anderson Cell Lines Project), RNAseq (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) and vemurafenib sensitivity (Cancer Therapeutic Response Portal) data for BRAF-V600E cancer cell lines were curated. Linear and nonlinear regression models using RPPA protein or RNAseq were evaluated and compared based on their ability to predict BRAF-V600E cell line sensitivity (area under the dose response curve). Accuracies of all models were evaluated using hold-out testing. CausalPath software was used to identify protein-protein interaction networks that could explain differential protein expression in resistant cells. Human examination of features employed by the model, the identified protein interaction networks, and model simulation suggested anti-ErbB co-therapy would counter intrinsic resistance to vemurafenib. To validate this potential co-therapy, cell lines were treated with vemurafenib and dacomitinib (a pan-ErbB inhibitor) and the number of viable cells was measured. Orthogonal partial least squares (O-PLS) predicted vemurafenib sensitivity with greater accuracy in both melanoma and non-melanoma BRAF-V600E cell lines than other leading machine learning methods, specifically Random Forests, Support Vector Regression (linear and quadratic kernels) and LASSO-penalized regression. Additionally, use of transcriptomic in place of proteomic data weakened model performance. Model analysis revealed that resistant lines had elevated expression and activation of ErbB receptors, suggesting ErbB inhibition could improve vemurafenib response. As predicted, experimental evaluation of vemurafenib plus dacomitinb demonstrated improved efficacy relative to monotherapies. Conclusions: Combined, our results support that inclusion of proteomics can predict drug response and identify co-therapies in a basket setting.
Structural insights into the gating mechanisms of TRPV channels

Transient Receptor Potential channels from the vanilloid subfamily (TRPV) are a group of cation channels modulated by a variety of endogenous stimuli as well as a range of natural and synthetic compounds. Their roles in human health make them of keen interest, particularly from a pharmacological perspective. However, despite this interest, the complexity of these channels has made it difficult to obtain high resolution structures until recently. With the cryo-EM resolution revolution, TRPV channel structural biology has blossomed to produce dozens of structures, covering every TRPV family member and a variety of approaches to examining channel modulation. Here, we review all currently available TRPV structures and the mechanistic insights into gating that they reveal.
Using social media for smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review.

Background:Previous studies have shown that smoking tobacco significantly increases both incidence and mortality rates for many diseases. Social media has become one of the most influential platfor...
Whispering-Gallery-Mode Optical Microshell Resonator Infrared Detector

We demonstrate a thermal infrared (IR) detector based on a high quality-factor (Q) whispering gallery mode (WGM) borosilicate glass microspherical shell resonator and investigate its performance to detect IR radiation in 1 – 20 ${\mu }\text{m}$ wavelength range. The resonator exhibits a temperature sensitivity of 1.17 GHz/K with a Q-factor of 3 million and can be configured as a high sensitivity infrared sensor. The microspherical shell IR sensor exhibited a responsivity of 7.88 kHz/nW and achieved a noise-equivalent-power (NEP) of 19 nW/ $\sqrt {Hz}$ experimentally. A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) is used to measure the physical expansion of the microspherical glass resonator when IR radiation is absorbed. Based on the experimentally measured diametric expansion of the shell per unit IR power absorbed, the NEP of 19 nW/ $\sqrt {Hz}$ corresponds to a dimensional change of 2 pm which can be resolved using the resonator. Using COMSOL modeling, thermal expansion analysis was performed for the absorbed IR Power. Using these values of dimension change of the microspherical shell, the dependence of resonance frequency shift on absorbed IR power was simulated. These models show that a NEP of 690 pW/ $\sqrt {Hz}$ can be achieved for the microspherical shell with a diameter of 2 mm and a thickness of 2 ${\mu }\text{m}$ .
Intersectionality in Social Movements: A Critical Literature Review

The Women's March on Washington in 2017 was remarkable in its success at bringing together a variety of groups with intersectional identities to mobilize in protest. Just two years later, however, the same movement has faltered in terms of its turnout and organizational support, leading many news outlets to conclude that it had run its course. Despite this stark contrast in outcomes, little to no work has been done to investigate what exactly it was in 2017 that was missing in 2019. This reflects a broader scholarly lacuna vis-a-vis the emergence of intersectional social movements. The central purpose of this paper is, therefore, to answer the following question: what factors determine the emergence of a social movement whose participants have intersectional identities?
Nursing Interventions Increase Influenza Vaccination Quality Measures for Home Telehealth Patients.

BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccinations are a preventive health quality measure. Home telehealth nursing staff interventions can reduce influenza disease burden and complications. PURPOSE: To improve seasonal flu vaccine rates using novel home telehealth clinical and technology interventions. METHODS: A pre- and postintervention concurrent cohort study for 513 outpatients was conducted. Interventions included automated 2-way patient messaging using remote monitoring equipment, a new note template to record vaccination status in the electronic health record, and flu vaccine patient education. RESULTS: Interventions resulted in vaccination rates of 70.4% for Veterans ages 19 to 65 years, and 81.7% for Veterans 66 years and older, exceeding national, regional, and local Veterans Administration targets. CONCLUSIONS: Two-way messaging and standardized documentation increased rates. Declinations persisted despite education. Reasons included fear of side effects, and rarely leaving home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing interventions can increase influenza vaccination quality measures for primary care home telehealth patients.
A Rapid, Inexpensive Method of Obtaining Infrared Images

Special photographic techniques have long been used to examine evidence for identification and comparison. Ultraviolet, infrared, and X-ray are the most notable [1,2]. In particular, the visualization of charred writing, obliterated writing, and gunpowder residues and the comparison of inks have been successfully made with the aid of infrared-sensitive films and electronic video techniques [3]. Success with this technique depends on the existence of differences in the tendencies (that is, extinction coefficients) of the components of the materials being studied to absorb radiation in the infrared band. If the ink added to alter a check shows no difference in absorption from the original ink then no distinction between the two can be made with infrared photography.
Friction: Glide and Grab

The study of skis as sliders on snow has a long history related to the more general study of friction as it affects the grinding and abrasion of moving machine parts and the most effective means of lubricating those parts. Skiing is unique among these studies because, while alpine skiers seek minimal sliding friction to increase their downhill speed, track and cross-country skiers require their skis to combine minimum and maximum friction. The running surfaces of track and cross-country skis must offer minimum friction on the forward glide and maximum trac-tional friction, or grab, when the skier pushes off against the snow for acceleration and for travel uphill. This dual, contradictory requirement makes the problem of analyzing skis as sliders on snow, and the many waxes and running surface configurations used to satisfy the need for glide and grab, very subtle. There is no definitive, scientific analysis of this problem. At best, scientific research can indicate pragmatic solutions to problems whose effectiveness must be tested in the field [1].
...And Bring Your Playbook: Who Owns the Intellectual Property Created by College Coaches?

The average compensation package for top college coaches exceeds $1 million per year. This Article takes a peek behind the numbers, using examples from actual coaches’ employment agreements, to uncover the role that intellectual property plays in generating those salaries. Despite the potentially enormous value of intellectual property created by college coaches, determining the owner of this intellectual property can be surprisingly difficult. This Article suggests that universities should own intellectual property that is both created in connection with coaches’ duties and dependent on university associations for its value. It also suggests that, to the extent that coaches’ employment agreements do not address intellectual property ownership issues, university intellectual property policies should be used to fill in the gaps. This Article concludes with a comparative discussion of the intellectual property ownership rights of student-athletes, using the O’Bannon v. NCAA case as a benchmark.
You Never Forget How to Ride a Bicycle

This paper proposes that a man's need to emotionally separate from his mother in childhood in order to develop a masculine identity can have a crippling effect on his relationships with women as an adult. It reinforces our cultural polarization of "masculine" and "feminine" and lays the foundation for emotional distancing to handle anxiety in intimate relationships with women. Working to develop a renewed connection with his mother can help a man develop a more balanced view of women and more tolerance of closeness in relationships, without the need to distance. Bowen's (1978) approach to therapy is one framework that can guide this work.
Breed effects and retained heterosis for growth, carcass, and meat traits in advanced generations of composite populations of beef cattle

Retained heterosis for growth, carcass, and meat traits was estimated in F3 generation castrate male progeny in three composite populations finished on two levels of dietary energy density (2.82 Mcal of ME and 3.07 Mcal of ME and 11.50% CP) and serially slaughtered at four end points at intervals of 20 to 22 d. Breed effects were evaluated in nine parental breeds (Red Poll [R], Hereford [H], Angus [A], Limousin [L], Braunvieh [B], Pinzgauer [P], Gelbvieh [G], Simmental [S], and Charolais [C] that contributed to the three composite populations (MARC I = 1/4 B, 1/4 C, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A; MARC II = 1/4 G, 1/4 S, 1/4 H, 1/4 A; and MARC III = 1/4 R, 1/4 P, 1/4 H, and 1/4 A). Breed effects were important (P .05) from Limousin in retail product weight or carcass lean weight because of higher dressing percentage, lower fat trim percentage, and lower bone percentage of Limousin. The effects of dietary energy density were important (P < .01) for most traits. The interaction of breed group x dietary energy density generally was not important. Retained heterosis generally was significant for each composite population for weight of retail product, fat trim, bone, and carcass lean, fat, and bone. For percentage of retail product, fat trim, carcass lean, carcass fat, and chemical fat in the 9-10-11th rib cut, generally, heterosis was significant for composites MARC II and MARC III but not for composite MARC I (i.e., composites MARC II and MARC III had a lower percentage of retail product and carcass lean and a higher percentage of fat trim, carcass fat, and chemical fat in the 9-10-11th rib cut than the mean of contributing purebreds).
Predictions of airfoil aerodynamic performance degradation due to icing

One of the major elements of the NASA Aircraft Icing Research Program is the development and validation of a series of mutually compatible computer codes which predict the details of an aircraft icing encounter. These codes once validated can be used for: 1. Making preliminary design studies to ascertain component sensitivity to icing. 2. Making performance predictions of proposed ice protection systems. 3. Conducting computer based certification/qualification studies to reduce the amount of required icing flight testing. 4. Providing more accurate and realistic icing-effects inputs for use in flight training simulators.
The Effects of Cultural Dimensions on Ethical Decision Making in Marketing: An Exploratory Study

As more and more firms operate globally, an understanding of the effects of cultural differences on ethical decision making becomes increasingly important for avoiding potential business pitfalls and for designing effective international marketing management programs. Although several articles have addressed this area in general, differences along specific, cultural dimensions have not been directly examined. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine differences in ethical decision making within Hofstede's cultural framework. The results confirm the utility of Hofstede's cultural dimensions and place ethical decision making within an overall theoretical framework. Sales agents from a high power distance, uncertainty avoidant, Confucian, collectivist culture (i.e., Taiwan) placed more value on company and fellow employee interests (vis-a-vis self interests) than did managers from a masculine, individualistic culture (i.e., the United States). American and Taiwanese managers did not differ in their deontological norms or on the importance that they placed on customer interests. The theoretical and managerial importance of these findings are also discussed.
Multiple Organ Failure Syndrome—Part I: Epidemiology, Prognosis, and Pathophysiology

The multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS) is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Although sepsis is an important cause of MOFS, it is clear that MOFS can occur in the absence of in...