cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gurwitsch’s Phenomenal Holism

Aron Gurwitsch made two main contributions to phenomenology. He showed how to import Gestalt theoretical ideas into Husserl’s framework of constitutive phenomenology. And he explored the light this move sheds on both the overall structure of experience and on particular kinds of experience, especially perceptual experiences and conscious shifts in attention. The primary focus of this paper is the overall structure of experience. I show how Gurwitsch’s Gestalt theoretically informed phenomenological investigations provide a basis for defending what I will call Phenomenal Holism, the view that all the parts of a total phenomenal state metaphysically depend on it. To illustrate how the ideas developed along the way can be used in advancing work on the phenomenology of particular kinds of experience, I draw on them in defending Husserl’s view that we can be aware of abstract objects against a phenomenological objection.
Apologies and Public Relations Crises at Chrysler, Toshiba, and Volvo.

Abstract This analysis asserts that most crisis management research tends to neglect the communication component of crisis situations. As a corrective, this study suggests that a terminological approach is useful to studying public relations crises, particularly those in which the organization is guilty of wrongdoing and delivers an apology. This study analyzes the corporate apologetic discourses of three paradigmatic cases—at Chrysler, Toshiba, and Volvo—and examines the use of persuasive descriptions and strategic dissociations preferred by these corporate apologists.
The Pathway Tools cellular overview diagram and Omics Viewer

The Pathway Tools cellular overview diagram is a visual representation of the biochemical network of an organism. The overview is automatically created from a Pathway/Genome Database describing that organism. The cellular overview includes metabolic, transport and signaling pathways, and other membrane and periplasmic proteins. Pathway Tools supports interrogation and exploration of cellular biochemical networks through the overview diagram. Furthermore, a software component called the Omics Viewer provides visual analysis of whole-organism datasets using the overview diagram as an organizing framework. For example, gene expression and metabolomics measurements, alone or in combination, can be painted onto the overview, as can computed whole-organism datasets, such as predicted reaction-flux values. The cellular overview and Omics Viewer provide a mechanism whereby biologists can apply the pattern-recognition capabilities of the human visual system to analyze large-scale datasets in a biologically meaningful context. SRI's BioCyc.org website provides overview diagrams for more than 200 organisms. This article describes enhancements to the overview made since a 1999 publication, including the automatic layout capability, expansion of the cellular machinery that it includes, new semantic zooming and poster-generating capabilities, and extension of the Omics Viewer to support painting of metabolites, animations and zooming to individual pathway diagrams.
Optimal heterodyne detector array size for 1-μm coherent lidar propagation through atmospheric turbulence

The heterodyne detection efficiency for a 1-μm coherent atmospheric backscatter lidar was numerically calculated using a Monte Carlo technique which included a simple model for the effects of atmospheric turbulence. The results show that the heterodyne detection efficiency of a single-element detector is severely reduced by the effects of atmospheric turbulence, but that the use of an appropriate sized, multiple-element heterodyne detector array can overcome these effects. In addition, the statistical fluctuation (signal-to-noise ratio) of the lidar signal was also calculated and showed that the use of a heterodyne detector array can increase the accuracy to that for direct detection.
Hepatic abnormalities in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by repeated bacterial and fungal infections. Aside from a high incidence of liver abscess, little is known about hepatic involvement in CGD. The aim of this study was to describe the spectrum of liver abnormalities seen in CGD. The charts of 194 patients with CGD followed at the NIH were reviewed, with a focus on liver abnormalities. Liver enzyme elevations occurred on at least one occasion in 73% of patients during a mean of 8.9 years of follow-up. ALT elevations were generally transient. Although transient alkaline phosphatase (ALP) elevations were also common, persistent ALP elevations lasting up to 17.6 years were seen in 25% of patients. Liver abscess occurred in 35% of patients. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity was documented in 15% of patients but likely occurred more frequently. Hepatomegaly was found in 34% and splenomegaly in 56% of patients. Liver histology showed granulomata in 75% and lobular hepatitis in 90% of specimens. Venopathy of the portal vein was common (80%) and associated with splenomegaly. Venopathy of the central vein was also common (63%) and was associated with the number of abscess episodes. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) was seen in 9 patients, including 6 of 12 autopsy specimens. Conclusion: Liver enzyme abnormalities occur frequently in patients with CGD. In addition to liver abscesses and granulomata, drug hepatotoxicity is likely underappreciated. Vascular lesions such as venopathy and—to a lesser extent—NRH are common. The cause and clinical consequences of venopathy await prospective evaluation. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:675–683.)
Tunon, a new genus of Protelaterini (Elateridae: Lissominae) from southern Chile

Tunon gen. nov., a new genus of Protelaterini from southern Chile is here described and illustrated with one species Tunon guinezi sp. nov. Its relationships with other members of the Protelaterini such as the Chilean genera Anaspasis Candeze 1881 and Valdivelater Lawrence & Arias 2009 are discussed.
Ethanol and marihuana effects on event-related potentials in a memory retrieval paradigm

Twelve men performed the Sternberg memory retrieval task under three experimental conditions: after oral doses of marihuana extract calibrated to contain 0.7 mg/kg δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 1.0 ml/kg 95% ethanol, or placebo. Simultaneously, the EEG was recorded from Cz to linked ears and the EOG from leads above and below the right eye. In this task, subjects saw a set of 1 to 4 digits followed by a warning tone that was followed 1.5 sec later by a test digit. Subjects indicated by pressing one of two buttons whether the test digit was in-set or out-of-the-set. There were no drug effects on N1 in the evoked potential to the warning tone, but P3 amplitude was smaller under THC and ethanol than under placebo. CNV amplitude in the interval between the warning tone and the test digit showed no drug effects, indicating that the subject was equally prepared for the test digit regardless of drug received. However, the latency of 50% resolution of the CNV was longer under THC than under placebo. THC also increased the reaction time for each set size by about 75 msec above the values for ethanol and placebo, the latter two not differing significantly. Set size affected N1 and P3 amplitudes and latencies and CNV amplitude, as well as 50% CNV resolution latency and reaction time, but there were no drug x set size interactions.
Testing for and against a set of linear inequality constraints in a multinomial setting

There are numerous situations in categorical data analysis where one wishes to test hypotheses involving a set of linear inequality constraints placed upon the cell probabilities. For example, it may be of interest to test for symmetry in k × k contingency tables against one-sided alternatives. In this case, the null hypothesis imposes a set of linear equalities on the cell probabilities (namely pij = Pji ×i > j), whereas the alternative specifies directional inequalities. Another important application (Robertson, Wright, and Dykstra 1988) is testing for or against stochastic ordering between the marginals of a k × k contingency table when the variables are ordinal and independence holds. Here we extend existing likelihood-ratio results to cover more general situations. To be specific, we consider testing Ht,0 against H1 - H0 and H1 against H2 - H 1 when H0:k × i=1 pixji = 0, j = 1,…, s, H1:k × i=1 pixji × 0, j = 1,…, s, and does not impose any restrictions on p. The xji's are known constants, and s × k - 1. We show that the asymptotic distributions of the likelihood-ratio tests are of chi-bar-square type, and provide expressions for the weighting values. Il y a plusieurs situations dans l'analyse de categories de donnees ou l'on veut tester des hypotheses impliquant un ensemble de contraintes ayant la forme d'inegalites lineaires placees sur les cellules de probabilites. Par exemple il peut ětre interessant de tester la symetrie de tables de contingence de dimension k × k contre des alternatives avec assymetries. Dans ce cas, l'hypothese nulle impose un ensemble d'egalites sur les cellules de probabilites (ou plus precisement pij = pji, ×i > j) alors que les hypotheses alternatives specifies certaines inegalites directionnelles. Une autre application importante (Robertson, Wright and Dykstra, 1988) est de tester pour ou contre l'existence d'un arrangement stochastique des marginales d'une table de contingence k × k lorsque les variables sont de type ordinal et independantes. Ici nous etendons des resultats existants sur les ratio de vraisemblance, pour couvrir des situations plus generales. Pour ětre plus specifique, nous testons H0 contre H1 - H0 et H1 contre H2 - H1 ou H0:k × i=1 pixji = 0, j = 1,…, s, H1:k × i=1 pixji × 0, j = 1,…, s, et H2 n'impose pas de restrictions sur P. Les sont connus constants et s × k - 1. Nous montrons que les distributions asymptotiques des tests de ratio de vraisemblance sont de type Chi-deux, et donnent des expressions pour les valeurs ponderantes.
Creating a Connected Classroom: Two Projects that Work!

Two projects, a reaction journal and a book review, were used to help create a connected classroom. In the connected classroom, the instructor acts as a facilitator rather than an authority and students are encouraged to draw from their own experiences and ideas. Data from open-ended and objective evaluations showed that these pedagogical strategies lead to more student involvement with course material and to higher overall course ratings.
RFID-a new solution technology for security problems

Radio frequency identification, RFID, comprises a base radio transmitter/receiver, or reader, which can interrogate and display an electronic code held in a remote device, transponder, and thus identify any item with which the transponder is associated. The paper introduces the ideas of RFID, based on the TIRIS technology, with particular emphasis on how these principles can be applied in the security arena.
Bayesian Risk Assessment in Genetic Testing for Autosomal Dominant Disorders with Age-Dependent Penetrance

Risk assessment is an essential component of genetic counseling and testing, and the accuracy of risk assessment is critical for decision making by consultands. However, it has been shown that genetic risk calculations may have high error rates in practice. Risk calculations for autosomal dominant disorders are frequently complicated by age-dependent penetrance and sensitivities of less than 100% in genetic testing. We provide methods of risk calculation for prototypical pedigrees of a family at risk for an autosomal dominant disorder with age-dependent penetrance. Our risk calculations include scenarios in which the sensitivity of genetic testing is less than 100%, and in which the sensitivity of genetic testing varies for different family members at risk. Our Bayesian methods permit autosomal dominant disease probabilities to be calculated accurately, taking into account all relevant information. Our methods are particularly useful for hereditary cancer syndromes, in which genetic testing can seldom achieve 100% sensitivity. Our methods can be applied to many different scenarios, including those where the sensitivity of genetic testing varies for different family members at risk.
Speculations on the Political Economy of War and Empire

This article addresses the internal contradictions of American imperialism. By emphasizing imperial adventures and the buildup of the military without paying serious attention to the underlying economic conditions, the United States may have difficulty maintaining its military domination.
An HT FFR kinetics study of the reaction between AlCl and CO2 from 1175 to 1775 K

Abstract Rate coefficients for the reaction A1C1 + CO 2 → OAlCl + CO have been measured in a high-temperature fast-flow reactor (HT FFR). These fit the expression k ( T ) = 2.5 × 10 −12 exp(−7550 K/ T ) cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 . The existence of a large energy barrier for this exothermic reaction is in agreement with that suggested for the OAlCl channel of the AlCl + O 2 reaction. The presence of such barriers is in sharp contrast to the AlO reactions with CO 2 and O 2 .
Rapid ultrasonic stimulation of inflamed tissue with diagnostic intent

Previous studies have observed that individual pulses of intense focused ultrasound (iFU) applied to inflamed and normal tissue can generate sensations, where inflamed tissue responds at a lower intensity than normal tissue. It was hypothesized that successively applied iFU pulses will generate sensation in inflamed tissue at a lower intensity and dose than application of a single iFU pulse. This hypothesis was tested using an animal model of chronic inflammatory pain, created by injecting an irritant into the rat hind paw. Ultrasound pulses were applied in rapid succession or individually to rats' rear paws beginning at low peak intensities and progressing to higher peak intensities, until the rats withdrew their paws immediately after iFU application. Focused ultrasound protocols consisting of successively and rapidly applied pulses elicited inflamed paw withdrawal at lower intensity and estimated tissue displacement values than single pulse protocols. However, both successively applied pulses and single pulses produced comparable threshold acoustic dose values and estimates of temperature increases. This raises the possibility that temperature increase contributed to paw withdrawal after rapid iFU stimulation. While iFU-induction of temporal summation may also play a role, electrophysiological studies are necessary to tease out these potential contributors to iFU stimulation.
Network support for a multimedia conference scheduling service

Current efforts in multimedia communications emphasized on network infrastructure research and development in areas such as coding, compression, multicast, high-performance transport protocols, service interface, and resource management. These efforts intend to support a general service for efficient point-to-point and multipoint communications. However, other services, which were overlooked in the past, also demand network infrastructure support. For example, no specific way is currently proposed to perform conference services such as scheduling, announcement, and discovery. In the case of conference scheduling, the network resources and conference-related information need to be set up ahead of time. This requires scheduling support from the low-layer functions and protocols, including connection/configuration management, resource management and their associated protocols. This issue has not bee discussed seriously or included in any of the current proposed solution. In this paper, we will concentrate mainly on how to support the multimedia conferencing scheduling service in the network protocol layers. A novel scheme, which separates the connection phases, is proposed as the foundation to support the scheduling ability and scalability. The impact of scheduling to the API, reservation protocols, and resource management is also addressed.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Control loop performance assessment using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)

A new index is developed for assessing the performance of a single-input single-output (SISO) linear feedback control loop. The proposed metric is a specific scaling of the generalized Hurst exponent, computed through the method of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). We refer to this scaled exponent as the Hurst index. The new method compares favorably with the widely used minimum variance index (MVI), with both indices showing similar trends under changes in controller tunings during closed-loop simulations. The main advantage of the Hurst index over the MVI and other existing performance measures is that its determination does not require a priori knowledge of any loop parameters. Instead, computation of the index relies solely upon process output data collected during routine plant operation. Therefore, this new technique could potentially allow engineers to more efficiently identify problematic control loops.
The induction of odontogenesis in non-dental mesenchyme combined with early murine mandibular arch epithelium

First and second branchial arches were dissected from mouse embryos of 9-13 days gestational age. The epithelial and mesenchymal components were separated after enzymic digestion. Scanning electron microscopy did not reveal a dental lamina along the dental arches before day 12, after which the lamina was formed locally in the incisor and molar regions. There was no epithelial down-growth in the diastema region. Heterotypic recombinations of mandibular arch and second branchial arch tissues showed that early mandibular arch epithelia, before day 12, have odontogenic potential and can elicit the formation of a dental papilla in non-odontogenic, neural-crest-derived mesenchymal cells of the second arch. However, the mandibular mesenchyme must interact with mandibular epithelium in order to have the competence to induce teeth in non-odontogenic epithelium.
Learning action models to support efficient navigation planning for unmanned ground vehicles

An effective navigation planner must have knowledge not only of the effects its actions will have, but also the effect that the environment will have on its actions (e.g. the UGV may travel more slowly over rough terrain). This is needed because the shortest path to the goal is not always the most efficient when you consider the rate of travel over the terrain. To address this issue, we have developed an approach called ERA which uses regression tree induction to learn action models that predict the effect terrain conditions will have on a UGV's navigation actions. The action models support a high level mission planner that finds efficient navigation plans consisting of way-points through which the UGV should travel. We will present results from our experiments in a simulated environment and on an RWI ATRV-Jr robot. The studies evaluate the performance of ERA in different mission scenarios with different amounts of sensor and actuator noise. Advantages of our approach include the ability to automatically learn action models, generate efficient high level navigation plans taking into account terrain conditions and transfer learned knowledge to other missions.
Overwater Movement of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in a Naturally Fragmented Coastal Landscape

Procyon lotor (Raccoon) is a major predator of beach-nesting and colonial waterbirds on the Virginia barrier islands. An understanding of water as a barrier to inter-island movement by Raccoons will be essential to effective management of these predators in this naturally fragmented coastal environment. We examined 4 independent lines of direct evidence for Raccoon movement between 1999 and 2007: 1) locations of recaptured, ear-tagged Raccoons on both the islands and the adjacent mainland, 2) overland movements of radio-collared Raccoons, 3) inter-island movements of radio-collared resident Raccoons, and 4) movements of translocated Raccoons. We recaptured 78 of 177 ear-tagged island Raccoons, all on the same island as the initial capture. We also tagged and released 65 mainland Raccoons, none of which was ever recaptured on an island. We often observed overland movements >1 km per day by radio-collared animals on both the islands and the mainland. Nevertheless, only 3 of 51 (6%) collared animals (2 males and 1 female) moved overwater from the location where they were captured. None of the 4 Raccoons radio-collared on the mainland moved to an island. Although Raccoons in this system are highly mobile, overwater movements seem to be infrequent events; only 3 of 234 tagged/ collared island individuals moved between islands, and none of the 69 tagged/collared mainland individuals moved to an island. Finally, we observed return movements by 22 of the 32 (69%) animals (11 males and 11 females) that were translocated either from the mainland to a nearby island or between adjacent islands. Translocated animals exhibited a much greater tendency than resident animals to make overwater crossings. In all cases of overwater movement, the water channels were relatively shallow and relatively slow moving. None of the 335 marked animals in this study crossed a tidal inlet. The mobility observed here is consistent with the idea that the distribution of Raccoons on the islands has expanded in recent decades. Predation management on these islands will require a strategic approach that takes into account both island isolation and Raccoon mobility.
Patterns in international bribery: Violations of the foreign corrupt practices act

An examination of U.S. Department of Justice prosecution of violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act shows that officials in less developed countries are the likely recipients of bribes; that bribery occurs more often in the capital-intensive industries of energy, construction, telecommunications, and military equipment; that firms more often tend to use intermediaries and agents to consummate illicit transactions rather than directly paying the intended beneficiary; and that the overall motivation for bribing is to secure a particular contract. This article reviews the evolving enforcement of the law and recommends a set of managerial actions to reduce corporate liability and improve governance practices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real exchange rates under alternative nominal exchange-rate systems

Abstract The paper develops an equilibrium model of the determination of exchange rates, the relative price of nontraded goods, and the current account. The focus is on the effects of various real and nominal disturbances and the conditions under which the nominal exchange-rate system is neutral with respect to real variables in the economy. The model demonstrates an assymetry in the roles of trade and nontraded goods in affecting exchange rates. An econometric investigation of the raltion between the exchange-rate system and the variability of real exchange rates provides some evidence against the neutrality hypothesis.
Gila monster: its biology, venom and bite--a review

THE G1LA monster, Heloderma suspectum, and the beaded lizard or escorpion, H. horridum, are lizards ofthe family Helodermatidae and are unique in having grooved teeth andvenom glands . Freely translated, Heloderma horridum means "terrible one with the studded skin," while suspectum, believed to be a northern representative of H. horridum when first found in Arizona, presumably was suspect of being venomous when it received a scientific name in 1869. There are five subspecies of Heloderma : Heloderma suspectum suspectum, H. s. cinctum, H. horridum horridum, H. h. exasperatum and H. h. alvarezi. The first two are found in the southwestern United States, whereasH. s. suspectum, as well as all three races ofH. horridum, are found in Mexico, andH. h. horridum andH. h. alvarezi have distributions that extend well into Guatemala.
trans-Bis(acetonitrile-κN)bis-{1,2-bis-[bis-(3-hydroxy-prop-yl)phosphino]ethane-κP,P'}iron(II) dichloride.

In the title compound, [Fe(CH3CN)2(C14H32O4P2)2]Cl2, the FeII atom lies on a crystallographic inversion center and has a distorted trans-FeN2P4 octa­hedral coordination environment arising from two P,P′-bidentate 1,2-bis­[bis­(3-hydroxy­prop­yl)phosphino]ethane ligands in the equatorial plane and two acetonitrile mol­ecules in the axial positions. One of the pendant –(CH2)3OH groups of the ligand is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.597 (5):0.403 (5) ratio. In the crystal, O—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding helps to establish the packing.
Two-dimensional textural edge detection using ω-Gaussian filter

A textural edge detection frequency domain filter is proposed to locate the boundary between two textural domains modulated by different spatial frequencies. This filter is derived from a zero-order prolate spheroidal function which can be approximated by a ω-Gaussian shape. The extension to a 2-D rotational symmetric filter capable of locating textural edges independently of the relative orientation of the textural frequencies is demonstrated. Results show that the proposed filter is more effective at concentrating the output energy around the edge than the filter proposed by Shanmugan et al., which was derived with an additional constraint of evenness in the design of the filter function.
Estimation in the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Model

The Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model is a diffusion process suitable for modeling the term structure of interest rates. In this paper, we consider estimation of the parameters of this process from observations at equidistant time points. We study two estimators based on conditional least squares as well as a one-step improvement of these, two weighted conditional least-squares estimators, and the maximum likelihood estimator. Asymptotic properties of the various estimators are discussed, and we also compare their performance in a simulation study.
Encapsulation of bacteriophages in whey protein films for extended storage and release

Abstract The overall motivation of this study was to enable development of pathogen specific antimicrobial packaging materials. These materials are expected to have a significant impact in improving efficacy of antimicrobial treatment and retention of commensal and probiotic microbes on food materials. To achieve these goals, this study was aimed at encapsulation of a model bacteriophage, T4 bacteriophage, in WPI based edible protein films. Phage encapsulated WPI films were characterized for stability and release of encapsulated phages. Antimicrobial efficacy of phage encapsulating edible films was characterized using a microbial growth inhibition assay. Distribution of phages in edible film was measured using a confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrate that the WPI films are able to stabilize phages at ambient (22 °c and light) and refrigerated (4 °C and dark) conditions without significant loss in phage infectivity over a period of one month. Additionally, the WPI films are able to release a significant concentration of phages in an aqueous environment and leaf surface within 3 h of incubation. Antimicrobial activity measurements demonstrate that the phage encapsulating WPI film can effectively inhibit the microbial growth. The results of microbial growth analysis showed an approximately 5 log difference in microbial levels between the control and the treatment samples. Confocal imaging measurements show that fluorescently labeled phages are homogenously distributed within the WPI film matrix. Overall, this study demonstrates integration of phages with edible packaging materials to develop novel active packaging materials for biocontrol applications.
DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS USING CORTICAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS

We have developed a classifier capable of locating and identifying speech sounds using activity from rat auditory cortex with an accuracy equivalent to behavioral performance and without the need to specify the onset time of the speech sounds. This classifier can identify speech sounds from a large speech set within 40 ms of stimulus presentation. To compare the temporal limits of the classifier to behavior, we developed a novel task that requires rats to identify individual consonant sounds from a stream of distracter consonants. The classifier successfully predicted the ability of rats to accurately identify speech sounds for syllable presentation rates up to 10 syllables per second (up to 17.9 ± 1.5 bits/s), which is comparable to human performance. Our results demonstrate that the spatiotemporal patterns generated in primary auditory cortex can be used to quickly and accurately identify consonant sounds from a continuous speech stream without prior knowledge of the stimulus onset times. Improved understanding of the neural mechanisms that support robust speech processing in difficult listening conditions could improve the identification and treatment of a variety of speech-processing disorders.
Singly resonant cavity-enhanced frequency tripling

We use a plane-wave analysis to examine a singly resonant, cavity-enhanced, frequency doubler containing an intracavity sum-frequency interaction that frequency sums the resonant fundamental with the second harmonic to produce the third harmonic of the resonant field. We derive expressions for the steady-state performance of the device. We determine the input coupler intensity reflectivity and the ratio of nonlinear drives between the second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) stages for optimum third-harmonic conversion efficiency. We also examine the optimum SHG interaction length under conditions of limited total interaction length. We find that numerical simulations modeling three spatial dimensions can be closely approximated by appropriately scaled plane-wave results. As an example, we consider frequency tripling of a 350-mW, 1319-nm, cw laser in two consecutive nonlinear gratings in periodically poled lithium niobate and find third-harmonic power-conversion efficiency of 85.3% when first-order quasi-phase-matching (QPM) is used for the SFG process and 51.0% when third-order SFG QPM is used. We also consider frequency tripling of a 20-W, 1064-nm, continuous-wave mode-locked laser in two lithium triborate crystals and find a time-averaged third-harmonic power-conversion efficiency of 56.0% from modeling three spatial dimensions.
Initial Conditions and Global Event Properties from Color Glass Condensate

Abstract Perturbative unitarization from non-linear effects is thought to deplete the gluon density for transverse momenta below the saturation scale. Such effects also modify the distribution of gluons produced in heavy-ion collisions in transverse impact parameter space. I discuss some of the consequences for the initial conditions for hydrodynamic models of heavy-ion collisions and for hard “tomographic” probes. Also, I stress the importance of realistic modelling of the fluctuations of the valence sources for the small- x fields in the impact parameter plane. Such models can now be combined with solutions of running–coupling Balitsky–Kovchegov evolution to obtain controlled predictions for initial conditions at the LHC.
Development of a Graphite/Aluminum/Epoxy Hybrid Composite

The objective of this program was to develop a graphite/aluminum com posite using epoxy to form an interfacial bond between the fibers and the aluminum. Twenty-two test panels were fabricated and tested for tensile strength and tensile elastic modulus, both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Although problems were encountered in gripping the longitu dinal tensile samples, strengths of 1490 MPa (216 ksi) and 89.6 MPa (13 ksi) were achieved in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively.
Colloidal Processing of Silicon Nitride with Poly(acrylic acid): II, Rheological Properties

Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was the focus of an investigation in the role and behavior of polyelectrolyte dispersants in aqueous-based colloidal processing of silicon nitride. The steady-shear flow properties of dense suspensions were examined as a function of pH, particle volume fraction, chain length, and polymer concentration. Suspensions exhibited shear-thinning behavior, which was analyzed using the constitutive Bingham equation for plastic flow. The data showed that polyelectrolyte charge and configuration were important in the observed flow behavior. In acidic media, PAA behaved similar to a neutral polymer in a poor solvent, whereas, in alkaline media, PAA behaved similar to a rigid asymmetric particle. Although electrostatic forces dominated flow properties in alkaline media, where PAA was predominantly in the free-polymer form, at lower pH values, PAA interactions with the particle surface resulted in a complex array of suspension effects, including polymer bridging, electrosteric stabilization, and flocculation.
Mobile Mammography in Underserved Populations: Analysis of Outcomes of 3,923 Women

Mobile health units are increasingly utilized to address barriers to mammography screening. Despite the existence of mobile mammography outreach throughout the US, there is a paucity of data describing the populations served by mobile units and the ability of these programs to reach underserved populations, address disparities, and report on outcomes of screening performance. To evaluate the association of variables associated with outcomes for women undergoing breast cancer screening and clinical evaluation on a mobile unit. Retrospective analysis of women undergoing mammography screening during the period 2008–2010. Logistic regression was fitted using generalized estimating equations to account for potential repeat annual visits to the mobile unit. In total, 4,543 mammograms and/or clinical breast exams were conducted on 3,923 women with a mean age of 54.6, 29 % of whom had either never been screened or had not had a screening in 5 years. Age < 50 years, lack of insurance, Hispanic ethnicity, current smoking, or having a family relative (<50 years of age) with a diagnosis of cancer were associated with increased odds of a suspicious mammogram finding (BIRADS 4,5,6). Thirty-one breast cancers were detected. The mobile outreach initiative successfully engaged many women who had not had a recent mammogram. Lack of insurance and current smoking were modifiable variables associated with abnormal screens requiring follow up.
Steps and the structure of the (0001) α-alumina surface

Abstract The initial stages of facet formation on the (0001) α-alumina surface are explored through annealing vicinal single crystals for different lengths of time and characterizing the surface with atomic force microscopy. Faceting of the (0001) surface begins with the formation of 0.2 nm or ∼ c 6 high steps ( c = 1.3 nm). These steps show a preference for existing as pairs; the pairs then bunch together and form facets which are typically multiples of c in height. In this fashion, single facets and faceted domains initially exist together on the same surface. A faceted terrace-and-step morphology develops as the facet domains coalesce with longer annealing times.
Video-based eyetracking methods and algorithms in head-mounted displays.

Head pose is utilized to approximate a user’s line-of-sight for real-time image rendering and interaction in most of the 3D visualization applications using head-mounted displays (HMD). The eye often reaches an object of interest before the completion of most head movements. It is highly desirable to integrate eye-tracking capability into HMDs in various applications. While the added complexity of an eyetracked-HMD (ET-HMD) imposes challenges on designing a compact, portable, and robust system, the integration offers opportunities to improve eye tracking accuracy and robustness. In this paper, based on the modeling of an eye imaging and tracking system, we examine the challenges and identify parametric requirements for video-based pupil-glint tracking methods in an ET-HMD design, and predict how these parameters may affect the tracking accuracy, resolution, and robustness. We further present novel methods and associated algorithms that effectively improve eye-tracking accuracy and extend the tracking range.
Field Independence and Measures of Intelligence: Some Reconsiderations.

A field study was conducted in a suburban elementary school to ascertain the relationship between the CEFT, a measure of field independence, and tests of verbal ability and general intelligence for lower-class black participants. A correlational analysis revealed strong interrelationships between these tests contrary to the previous findings of Witkin and associates. Grade level and sex interacted to produce different correlational structures for each condition. These results call into question the assertion that field independence varies independently of intelligence for all participants regardless of age, sex, and social class.
The effects of haloperidol, scopolamine, and MK-801 on amphetamine-induced increases in ascorbic and uric acid as determined by voltammetry in vivo

Abstract Amphetamine (which enhances dopaminergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic activity) increases release of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) in the caudate nucleus. In this study, linear sweep voltammetry with carbon past electrodes was used to investigate the effects of haloperidol (a DA receptor blocker), scopolamine (a muscarinic receptor blocker), and MK-801 (an NMDA receptor blocker) alone and in combination on amphetamine-induced increases in AA and UA in the caudate nucleus. Both scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, IP) and MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg, IP) significantly reduced amphetamine-induced increases in AA. Also, scopolamine did not affect MK-801-induced reductions of amphetamine-induced increases in AA. Unexpectedly, a subthreshold dose of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, IP) potentiated the ability of scopolamine to block amphetamine-induced increases in AA. Therefore, the data suggest that acetylcholine release and subsequent binding to cholinergic receptors in the caudate, are components of amphetamine-induced increases in AA. In addition, scopolamine modulated haloperidol-induced reductions of amphetamine-induced increases in release of UA. Thus, our data demonstrate that cholinergic dopaminergic systems may interact to control release of UA.
Temporal effects of nicotine nasal spray and gum on nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

Nicotine nasal spray and nicotine gum have been found to be effective in relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms. In this randomized single-blind study, 91 cigarette smokers were randomly assigned to a single 1 mg dose of active nicotine nasal spray (n = 29), active 4 mg nicotine gum (n = 31), saline placebo nasal spray (n = 16) or placebo gum (n = 15). Following overnight abstinence, subjects repeatedly completed visual analog scales for assessing nicotine withdrawal symptoms over 30 min preceding (time -30 min to time 0) and 120 min following a single dose of study medication. This sequence was performed 3 times during the day. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms were assessed on a 41-point visual analog scale (1 = no withdrawal, 41 = extreme withdrawal). At the initial session only, blood samples for serum nicotine levels were taken at baseline, then at 5, 10, 30 and 120 min following study drug administration. The mean (± SD) age of the subjects was 38.6 (±10.1) years, 48% were females, smoking rate was 24.5 (±7.8) cigarettes per day, and years of smoking was 19.9 (±10.0). A single 1 mg dose of nicotine nasal spray provided more immediate relief for craving for a cigarette compared to a single 4 mg dose of nicotine gum. Serum venous nicotine levels for the active nicotine nasal spray and nicotine gum were comparable at 5 and 10 min while the levels were higher for nicotine gum at 30 and 120 min. Changes in withdrawal symptoms were not found to be related to serum venous nicotine levels. Our findings provide a rationale for the as needed use of nicotine nasal spray to control withdrawal symptoms, possibly in combination with other medications with longer acting effects.
Synthesis of Cu-In-S ternary nanocrystals with tunable structure and composition

Nearly monodisperse Cu−In−S ternary nanocrystals with tunable composition, crystalline structure, and size were synthesized by a hot-injection method using mixed generic precursors. Such ternary nanocrystals with zincblende and wurtzite structure were reported for the first time. This work correlates the crystalline structure of the binary ZnS nanoparticles with those of ternary Cu−In−S nanocrystals, demonstrating the feasibility of making their alloyed or core/shell structure. Furthermore, this work may provide suitable material candidates for low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell fabrication.
Self-efficacy for exercise, more than disease-related factors, is associated with objectively assessed exercise time and sedentary behaviour in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: Until recently, reports of physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were limited to self-report methods and/or leisure-time physical activity. Our objectives were to assess, determine correlates of, and compare to well-matched controls both exercise and sedentary time in a typical clinical cohort of RA.Method: Persons with established RA (seropositive or radiographic erosions; n = 41) without diabetes or cardiovascular disease underwent assessments of traditional and disease-specific correlates of physical activity and 7 days of triaxial accelerometry. Twenty-seven age, gender, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls were assessed.Results: For persons with RA, objectively measured median (25th–75th percentile) exercise time was 3 (1–11) min/day; only 10% (n = 4) of participants exercised for ≥ 30 min/day. Time spent in sedentary activities was 92% (89–95%). Exercise time was not related to pain but was inversely related to disease activity (r = –0.3, p < 0.05) and disability (r = –0.3...
SUPERSYMMETRY - LOST OR FOUND?*

Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of missing transverse-energy events at the CERN p p collider which would arise from a supersymmetric theory. This analysis takes into account, the new 1984 UA1 cuts, triggers and resolutions. Our conclusions from the newly reported 1984 data are that any excess number of monojet events is highly unlikely to come from gluino or scalar quark production. The new data lead to the very restrictive limits: M( g ) and M( q ) > 60−70 GeV . The two intriguing dijet events with ET(missing) > 55 GeV are not inconsistent with an 80 GeV gluino or scalar quark source. The above conclusions have been obtained assuming that photinos are lighter than gluinos and live long enough to escape collider detectors. An alternative picture where the higgsino is the lightest supersymmetric particle is briefly discussed.
Oncologists' Experiences With Drug Shortages

Purpose: There have been numerous reports of shortages of injectable drugs for cancer in the last decade. We assessed physician experiences with drug shortages in a population-based cohort of medical oncologists caring for patients with lung or colorectal cancer. Methods: We surveyed medical oncologists caring for patients with lung or colorectal cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium from 2012 to 2013 (participation rate, 53%). Oncologists reported experiences with shortages of leucovorin, fluorouracil, dexamethasone, cyanocobalamin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and etoposide in the prior year and whether they had used a less-effective alternative because of a shortage. We used multivariable logistic regressiontoassessforassociationsbetweenphysicianorpracticecharacteristics and encountering shortages. Results: Among 330 respondents, 74% reported experiences with a shortage of at least one drug in our survey, and 28% reported using a less-effective alternative because of a shortage. Although physician demographic characteristics did not predict reports of drug shortages, practice characteristics did. Veterans Affairs (VA) oncologists were less likely to report experiencing any shortage than oncologists in single-specialty group practice (odds ratio [OR], 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9). The reported use of a less effective alternative to any drug was also less common among VA oncologists (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9) and oncologists affiliated with health maintenance organizations (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9) compared with physicians in single-specialty groups. Conclusion: Most oncologists encountered drug shortages in the year before our survey, but experiences with shortages varied with practice structure. Further research is needed to quantitatively assess the impact of drug shortages on patients and evaluate various strategies for managing them.
A novel delay balancing methodology for wave pipelined circuits

This paper presents a novel effective methodology to balance the delays based on Wong's algorithm and Klass's algorithm. In order to reduce the area overhead and the number of delay elements added, a new repadding technique is introduced and included in this novel delay balancing methodology. Several computational blocks such as adders, multipliers are tested, and the simulation results show that the area overhead is reduced up to the factor of 3 comparing with the previous algorithms.
The Future of Modern Language Instruction by Radio

IN view of the fact that the last survey of modern language broadcasting in this country showed that there has been a steady decline in the number of radio stations over which modern foreign language instruction is being given, the editor of the Radio Department of Modern Language Journal believed that the teachers of modern foreign languages in this country would be interested in learning what our leaders and counsellors are thinking and proposing in regard to this innovation in our sphere of work. Those who have had experience with radio instruction in modern foreign languages and who may have visions of a new and inviting frontier in this sector of advancing education must face the realities, the uncertainties, and hazards of uncharted experimentation. If systematic radio instruction in our field is to become a recognized feature of educational programs by strong radio stations, it must have the approval and the co-operation of the recognized leaders of our ranks. Recent surveys show that the public generally is only passively interested in foreign language broadcasts and makes no protest when they are given up. As in education generally, so here, the curriculum makers must decide what and how much of a given subject shall be taught. In order then to gather the sentiments and convictions of some of our leaders on this matter and at the same time gather some supplementary facts about their radio situations a questionnaire was sent out the latter part of October which contained the following questions:
Prefrontal brain electrical asymmetry predicts the evaluation of affective stimuli.

Abstract Measures of left–right asymmetry in resting brain activity were derived from spectral estimates of electroencephalogram (EEG) α-band power density in 13 homologous scalp electrode pairs from 81 right-handed individuals (43 F) on two occasions separated by 6 weeks. At a third, later session, these individuals completed a cognitive task, comparing word-pairs that systematically differed in affective tone. For an extended series of paired-comparisons, the subject chose the one word-pair that ‘went together best’. Objectively, associative strength was comparable for both word-pairs. Individuals with relatively greater left-sided anterior frontal resting activity were more likely to select the more pleasant word-pair. Relations between word-pair selection and asymmetry in resting brain activity at central and posterior sites were not significant.
Elements of Large Scale Mathematical Programming Part II: Synthesis of Algorithms and Bibliography

The problem manipulations and solution strategies of Part I of this paper are now further illustrated by combining them in various ways to yield several known algorithms. The main object is not an exposition of these algorithms, although this is certainly important; rather, we wish to focus on the principal patterns in which manipulations and strategies can be assembled. These patterns constitute the real common denominators in the literature on large-scale programming. See Table 2 in Part I.