cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recidivism 12 Months After TASC

Abstract Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC) is a national program model that has been proposed as a strategy to address the needs of offenders with substance abuse problems who are under some form of community corrections supervision. Logistic regression analysis of a random subsection of 300 clients discharged from a Northwest Ohio TASC program during calendar year 2000 found that successful completion of TASC was significantly associated with a reduction in rearrest within 12 months following TASC discharge. This effect was seen even after controlling for other factors associated with criminal recidivism, such as age, sex, prior criminal history, and prior alcohol and drug use.
Prognostics and health monitoring of electronic systems

Structural damage to BGA interconnects incurred during vibration testing has been monitored in the pre-failure space using resistance spectroscopy based state space vectors, rate of change of the state variable, and acceleration of the state variable. The technique is intended for condition monitoring in high reliability applications where the knowledge of impending failure is critical and the risks in terms of loss-of-functionality are too high to bear. Future state of the system has been estimated based on a second order Kalman Filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying interconnect damage in the form of inelastic strain energy density. Performance of the prognostication health management algorithm during the vibration test has been quantified using performance evaluation metrics. The methodology has been demonstrated on leadfree area-array electronic assemblies subjected to vibration. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data. The presented approach is applicable to functional systems where corner interconnects in area-array packages may be often redundant. Prognostic metrics including α-λ metric, sample standard deviation, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, average bias, relative accuracy, and cumulative relative accuracy have been used to assess the performance of the damage proxies. The presented approach enables the estimation of residual life based on level of risk averseness.
Life histories in cyberspace: life writing as a development tool for rural women

Abstract Increasingly, information and communication technology (ICT) is being used as a development tool. For example, a recent innovative experiment by the FIDAMERICA development cybernetwork (sponsored by IFAD, the International Fund for Agricultural Development) in Latin America used an electronic network to collect, post and discuss rural women's life histories, intending to support gender mainstreaming in IFAD projects. However, cybernetworking processes can also reflect contradictory agendas and power relations that ultimately make them a site of contestation. In the FIDAMERICA case, the authors did not participate in the electronic conference, nor were there any subsequent efforts to connect them or to develop this process further. In this paper, I argue that the analysis of increasingly complex cybernetworked development efforts must incorporate a correspondingly sophisticated technique that can uncover the nuanced relations of transnational cyber communication; and I propose that an actor-network approach should be investigated as an analytical framework in these cases. I then apply this approach to the case study, using field research conducted with the participants of the FIDAMERICA electronic life history project in Central America. I conclude that an actor-network approach is a fruitful means by which these processes can be both understood and improved.
Slider Vibration Amplitudes from White Light Interferometry

Slider bearing gaps are often measured using the white light interference spectrum from the narrow gap between the slider and a spinning glass disk. Using that same interference data, one can also estimate the amplitude of the first oscillatory mode of the slider. This paper illustrates this method with simulations and with actual interference data. This approach uses conventional white light interferometry data and requires no additional hardware or modification of equipment. It can be extended to estimate amplitudes of higher frequency modes. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/STLE Tribology Conference in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 8–10, 1990
Electromechanical Coupling in Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are smart materials which function as soft sensors and actuators. When a small DC voltage (1–5 V) is applied to an IPMC in a cantilever configuration, ion and solvent transport through the thickness of the polymer membrane causes the transducer to bend towards the anode. For device development and use in engineering applications, actuation is often described at a higher level in terms of an electromechanical coupling between the ionic charge distribution and the stresses developed in the IPMC. In this work we derive a set of relationships describing the coupling response by starting with basic considerations of polymer microstructure and local interactions during actuation. A micromechanical modeling framework is employed in order to account for the material microstructure. Using a generalized expression for electrostatic cluster pressure which takes into account clusters recombining to form larger cluster upon expansion, we define an effective local stiffness which varies with both solvent uptake and charge density in the boundary layers. An equilibrium relationship between solvent uptake and charge density is determined by considering the free energy of the homogenized polymer as the sum of elastic, electrostatic, and chemical components. Stress developed in the boundary layers is then calculated from changes in local stiffness and solvent uptake with respect to charge density. The resulting relationship for electromechanical coupling is found to be in good agreement with previous empirical models, thus serving as a model validation and demonstrating why certain forms for electromechanical coupling can be used to explain a variety of experimental observations. Specifically, we see that stress developed in the boundary layers is well described as a quadratic polynomial in charge density due to the form of the electrostatic cluster pressures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
On the Optimization of Broad-Band Photometry for Galaxy Evolution Studies

We have derived the uncertainties to be expected in the derivation of galaxy physical properties (star formation history, age, metallicity, reddening) when comparing broad-band photometry to the predictions of evolutionary synthesis models. We have obtained synthetic colors for a large sample (9000) of artificial galaxies assuming different star formation histories, ages, metallicities, reddening values, and redshifts. The colors derived have been perturbed by adopting different observing errors, and compared back to the evolutionary synthesis models grouped in different sets. The comparison has been performed using a combination of Monte Carlo simulations, a Maximum Likelihood Estimator and Principal Component Analysis. After comparing the input and derived output values we have been able to compute the uncertainties and covariant degeneracies between the galaxy physical properties as function of (1) the set of observables available, (2) the observing errors, and (3) the galaxy properties themselves. In this work we have considered different sets of observables, some of them including the standard Johnson/Cousins (UBVRI) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) bands in the optical, the 2 Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) bands in the near-infrared, and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) bands in the UV, at three different redshifts, z=0.0, 0.7, and 1.4. This study is intended to represent a basic tool for the design of future projects on galaxy evolution, allowing an estimate of the optimal band-pass combinations and signal-to-noise ratios required for a given scientific objective.
Seasonal differences in Spartina recoverable underground reserves in the Great Sippewissett marsh in Massachusetts

Abstract Recoverable underground reserves (RUR) were collected from cores taken from stands of three growth forms of Spartina alterniflora and one of Spartina patens in a Massachusetts salt marsh. Collections were timed to sample reserves before spring growth, following the flush of early season growth, and following senescence in the fall. In the spring, streamside Spartina alterniflora had more RUR than did the short plants further back from the streams. When compared to reserves of Spartina alterniflora in back marsh stands in Delaware and Georgia, those at the higher latitude were greater. Reserves were very low during summer, but were restored by fall. Unlike Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens RUR remained high during the summer.
Development and comparison of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches to laparoscopic-assisted aortofemoral bypass in a porcine model

Purpose: Transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches to video-assisted aortofemoral bypass were developed and compared using gasless laparoscopic techniques in a porcine model. Methods: Ten pigs were randomized to either a transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach. Aortic clamp time, total operative time, and complications were recorded. Both operations used an external lift device to maintain the working space. Retroperitoneal operations first used serial balloon inflation to dissect the retroperitoneum. After exposure of the infrarenal aorta, a graft was tunneled under endoscopic visualization. End-to-side aortic and femoral anastomoses were created with conventional instruments through 4 cm incisions. Results: Mean ± SEM aortic clamp time, operative duration, and graft patency rates were similar for both approaches (difference not significant by unpaired t test). Intraoperative complications related to the use of the laparoscopic technique included injury to the bladder and small bowel (n=2) and occurred only in the transperitoneal group. Conclusions: The use of a gasless technique allowed direct visualization, standard instrumentation, and conventional anastomotic techniques. The retroperitoneal approach used the peritoneal sac to exclude the bowel, simplifying the aortic dissection. Gasless laparoscopic-assisted aortofemoral bypass can be performed by both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches and holds promise as a minimally invasive treatment for aortoiliac occlusive disease.
The Cost Effectiveness of Drug Utilisation Review in an Outpatient Setting

Drug utilisation review (DUR) has been adopted as a mechanism for balancing cost containment and quality in prescription drug programmes. In this article we review published DUR reports in order to examine the cost effectiveness of DUR in an outpatient setting.
Reconstruction in vivo of Irradiated Escherichia coli Deoxyribonucleic Acid; the Rejoining of Broken Pieces

Reconstruction in vivo of Irradiated Escherichia coli Deoxyribonucleic Acid; the Rejoining of Broken Pieces
Content Analysis of Male Participation in Pro-Eating Disorder Web Sites

The pro-anorexia community has emerged as a powerful cultural movement that takes an at least partially positive attitude toward anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A systematic review of the literature on pro-ana forums focused specifically on females with eating disorders. However, epidemiological data suggest that as much as 25% of the eating disorders population is male. In our review of pro-anorexia web sites, we found a substantial number of participants were male. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of male participation in pro-ana forums in an effort to learn more about male participation in these forums. In this article, we present the results of this analysis, highlighting themes of social support, community appreciation, and ambivalence, as well as themes that appear to be particular to the male experience of eating disorders, such as alienation and teasing.
An Evaluation of 5.87-cm and 6.03-cm Escape Rings for Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus Traps

Abstract Escape rings are used in traps for blue crab Callinectes sapidus to reduce sublegal (<127 mm carapace width [CW]) catch. Two escape ring sizes (5.87 cm and 6.03 cm) were compared using laboratory-derived retention curves and catch data from control traps without rings and experimental traps with one of the two rings. Percent sublegal catch and large sublegal (117– 126 mm CW) catch per unit effort (CPUE) was significantly greater in traps with 5.87-cm rings than in traps with 6.03-cm rings. Catch per unit effort of legal (≥127 mm CW) blue crabs was not significantly different between the two experimental traps, although small legal (127–136 mm CW) CPUE was significantly lower in traps with 6.03 rings. The modal size of blue crabs increased from control traps to traps with 5.87-cm rings to traps with 6.03-cm rings. Retention curves by 5-mm size-groups corroborated trends depicted by field data. A lower retention of females than males was demonstrated. The larger escape ring was recommended to maxim...
Iron-magnesium-aluminum relationships in achondrites

Abstract The atomic proportions of total iron, magnesium and aluminum of 41 analyses of achondrites taken from the literature were plotted on a ternary variation diagram. The four main achondrite groups, eucrites, howardites, diogenites and aubrites, are readily distinguished without knowledge of the oxidation states of iron. Aluminum closely follows calcium in almost all cases. The extensive fractionation of an aubrite magma, as suggested by Moore (1962), cannot be substantiated but the achondrite Shallowater may represent a link between the diogenites and the aubrites.
Preliminary Voice and Speech Analysis Following Fetal Dopamine Transplants in 5 Individuals With Parkinson Disease

A surgical procedure involving transplantation of fetal dopamine cells into the striatum of persons with advanced Parkinson disease (PD) has recently been performed in an attempt to alleviate Parki...
Light adaptation in turtle cones. Testing and analysis of a model for phototransduction

Light adaptation in cones was characterized by measuring the changes in temporal frequency responses to sinusoidal modulation of light around various mean levels spanning a range of four log units. We have shown previously that some aspects of cone adaptation behavior can be accounted for by a biochemical kinetic model for phototransduction in which adaptation is mediated largely by a sigmoidal dependence of guanylate cyclase activity on the concentration of free cytoplasmic Ca2+, ([Ca2+]i) (Sneyd and Tranchina, 1989). Here we extend the model by incorporating electrogenic Na+/K+ exchange, and the model is put to further tests by simulating experiments in the literature. It accounts for (a) speeding up of the impulse response, transition from monophasic to biphasic waveform, and improvement in contrast sensitivity with increasing background light level, I0; (b) linearity of the response to moderate modulations around I0; (c) shift of the intensity-response function (linear vs. log coordinates) with change in I0 (Normann and Perlman, 1979); the dark-adapted curve adheres closely to the Naka-Rushton equation; (d) steepening of the sensitivity vs. I0 function with [Ca2+]i fixed at its dark level, [Ca2+]i dark; (Matthews et al., 1988, 1990); (e) steepening of the steady-state intensity-response function when [Ca2+]i is held fixed at its dark level (Matthews et al., 1988; 1990); (f) shifting of a steep template saturation curve for normalized photocurrent vs. light-step intensity when the response is measured at fixed times and [Ca2+]i is held fixed at [Ca2+]i dark (Nakatani and Yau, 1988). Furthermore, the predicted dependence of guanylate cyclase activity on [Ca2+] closely matches a cooperative inhibition equation suggested by the experimental results of Koch and Stryer (1988) on cyclase activity in bovine rods. Finally, the model predicts that some changes in response kinetics with background light will still be present, even when [Ca2+]i is held fixed at [Ca2]i dark.
Energy efficient Reactive Store-and-Forward protocol for intermittently connected networks

Hop-by-hop transport and in-network storage have been widely used in intermittently connected networks. As a way to provide hop-by-hop congestion control, backpressure has been used in hop-by-hop transport and in-network storage protocols to provide quick congestion alleviation. However, relying on backpressure to direct traffic can introduce large packet delays, especially when traffic load is light, which in turn can degrade the energy efficiency of the system. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer protocol, Reactive Store-and-Forward (ReSaF). This protocol adopts a conditional-forwarding routing algorithm to route packets on a per-block basis. The conditional-forwarding algorithm takes advantage of estimated delivery probability, available buffer space and energy level of nodes to provide an energy efficient way to delivery packets with a high rate of success.
Evaluation of a novel synthetic material for closure of large abdominal wall defects

Background. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of a novel synthetic material (TMS-1) with polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, and primary closure of experimentally fashioned clean and contaminated abdominal wounds. Methods. One square centimeter full-thickness abdominal wall defects were created in each of the four abdominal quadrants of anesthetized rats (n=6). Patches of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, and a polyurethane-polypropylene composite material (TMS-1) were used to repair three of these defects; the fourth was primarily closed. A second group of rats (n=9) underwent the same operative protocol; however, peritonitis was induced at the time of operation by using the fecal inoculation technique. Animals were killed 2 to 3 weeks later, and surface area and severity of formed adhesions were assessed. Results. By all methods of assessment, primary closure proved significantly superior to all other methods of closure in clean and contaminated conditions. The three synthetic materials were equally matched for surface area involved in adhesion formation. When compared with the other synthetic materials, TMS-1 was associated with significantly milder adhesions in uninfected (p Conclusions. The clear superiority of TMS-1 over other nonabsorbable synthetic materials shown in this pilot study warrants further investigation relative to its use to close large abdominal wall defects.
Modeling and Characterization of the Magnetocaloric Effect in Ni2MnGa Materials

Magnetic shape memory alloys have great promise as magneto-caloric effect refrigerant materials due to their combined magnetic and structural transitions. Computational and experimental research is reported on the Ni2MnGa material system. The magnetic states of this system are explored using the Wang-Landau statistical approach in conjunction with the Locally Self-consistent Multiple-Scattering method. The effects of alloying agents on the transition temperatures of the Ni2MnGa alloy are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and superconducting quantum interference device. Experiments are performed at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to observe the structural and magnetic phase transformations.
A method for examining the operant self-administration of respirable pharmaceuticals in rodents

Many different drugs of abuse are administered via an inhalation route. However, no pragmatic, infraprimate model has been developed to assess the self-administration of these pharmaceutical agents in the laboratory setting. This paper describes an apparatus designed to assess the self-administration of these pharmaceutical agents in a rodent model.
Anisakis physeteris: Amino acids in body tissues

Abstract The whole cuticle, perienteric fluid, and reproductive organs of Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 1923 from the sperm whale were analyzed for amino acid composition. Amino acid nitrogen per total nitrogen accounted for 96.2% in the cuticle. Corresponding values of TCA supernatant and precipitated fractions of perienteric fluid and reproductive organ were obtained. Proline, glycine, and arginine occurred abundantly in cuticle hydrolyzate. Lysine, glutamic acid, glycine, valine, leucine and histidine occounted for approximately 62% of total nitrogen in reproductive organ fractions. Differences were observed in the amounts of certain amino acids present in corresponding tissue of males and females as well as different tissue fractions from nematodes of the same sex, e.g., more serine in male cuticle than female, more proline in the protein of female reproductive organs than male; methionine present in cuticular protein and reproductive organ protein and nonprotein fractions but absent in perienteric fluid, and cystine in cuticular protein but not the other fractions. Untreated Anisakis hemolymph showed at least a 2-fold increase in ammonia in analyses made 2 and 10 days after bleeding. The relatively large ammonia content could have been in part the result of functional ornithine cycle and amino acid oxidase activity in vivo .
An acquirable code

Abstract : The problem of range measurement for vehicles in space is usually treated within the following framework. At the ground one transmits continuously a single sequence of very long period. This is received at the vehicle and retransmitted. Thus, at the ground a corrupted and out-of-phase version of the original sequence is received. By operating on it (usually by correlation techniques) one hopes to determine the phase, and then by measuring the elapsed time to find the distance in question (without ambiquity in virtue of the long period of the sequence). Such a sequence is known as an acquirable code. An elegant (though elementary) mathematical procedure is described for selecting an acquirable code; it rests on well-known properties of maximal length shift register sequences and on the Chinese Remainder Theorem. (Author)
Radioelectrocardiography during exercise in patients with angina pectoris. Comparison with the postexercise electrocardiogram.

The electrocardiographic changes during exercise were examined by means of the radio-electrocardiograph and compared with the changes in the postexercise period in 70 patients with coronary artery disease. This method permitted the recording of one-lead tracings during exercise with a stable baseline and minimal interference. In addition, it has the advantage of permitting free exercise because of the absence of wire connections between the patient and the recording machine. Tracings may be taken on patients performing exercise at a distance of up to several hundred feet from the electrocardiograph. The criteria for abnormality based on double Master two-step tests in 127 normal individuals below the age of 40 years were appearance or increase in ischemic S-T-segment depression of 1 mm. or more, appearance or increase of S-T-segment elevation of 1 mm. or more, inversion of a positive or reversion of a negative T wave, frank inversion of the U wave, widening or narrowing (of a previously widened) QRS compl...
Daily mood ratings via text message as a proxy for clinic based depression assessment

Background: Mobile and automated technologies are increasingly becoming integrated into mental health care and assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine how automated daily mood ratings are related to the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), a standard measure in the screening and tracking of depressive symptoms. Results: There was a significant relationship between daily mood scores and PHQ-9 scores, and between one-week average mood scores and PHQ-9 scores, controlling for linear change in depression scores. PHQ-9 scores were not related to the average of two week mood ratings. This study also constructed models using variance, maximum, and minimum values of mood ratings in the preceding week and twoweek periods as predictors of PHQ-9. None of these variables significantly predicted PHQ-9 scores when controlling for daily mood ratings and the corresponding averages for each period. Limitations: This study only assessed patients who were in treatment for depression, therefore findings might not generalize to the relationship between text message mood ratings for those who are not depressed. The sample was also predominantly Spanish speaking and low-income making generalizability to other populations uncertain. Conclusions: Our results show that automatic text message based mood ratings can be a clinically useful proxy for the PHQ-9. Importantly, this approach avoids the limitations of the PHQ-9 administration, which include length and a higher requirement for literacy.
Improved State Estimation using a Combination of Moving Horizon Estimator and Particle Filters

State estimation is an important part of advanced process control. A moving horizon estimator (MHE) is often used for state estimation due to its robustness and ease of handling constraints. Sequential Monte-Carlo type techniques for state estimation also called particle niters (PF) are becoming popular due to their speed and ease of implementation. In this paper we present a novel combination of the MHE with the PF to gives a robust fast state estimator. The combined advantages of the MHE and particle filter provide efficient state estimation.
Am I the Typical Student? Perceived Similarity to Student Prototypes Predicts Success

Two studies assessed the relationships between perceived similarity to the college student prototype and academic outcomes. In Study 1, students' similarity to the prototypical good student and their levels of depressed mood were assessed. A year later, students high in depressed mood who did not see themselves as similar to the good student prototype did worse academically. In Study 2, students' perceived favorability and similarity to the prototypical student at their university were assessed along with their levels of neuroticism. Enrollment at their university was then tracked for 5 semesters. Students high in neuroticism who perceived the typical student as both favorable and dissimilar to themselves were less likely to stay enrolled. These findings highlight the importance of perceived dissimilarity in prototype perception, particularly among those high in negative affect.
Intermediate mass fragment production in central collisions of intermediate energy heavy ions.

We present Z distributions for fragments with 1\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}12 from central collisions of $^{40}$ Ar${+}^{45}$Sc at incident energies ranging from 35 to 115 MeV/nucleon. We find that the Z distributions can be described by a power law or an exponential and steepen with increasing incident energy. Over the range of incident energies studied, the average number of intermediate mass fragments decreases while the average number of particles increases. When combined with previous results for the charge distributions, a minimum is observed in the extracted power-law parameter.
For prediction of elder survival by a Gompertz model, number dead is preferable to number alive

The standard Gompertz equation for human survival fits very poorly the survival data of the very old (age 85 and above), who appear to survive better than predicted. An alternative Gompertz model based on the number of individuals who have died, rather than the number that are alive, at each age, tracks the data more accurately. The alternative model is based on the same differential equation as in the usual Gompertz model. The standard model describes the accelerated exponential decay of the number alive, whereas the alternative, heretofore unutilized model describes the decelerated exponential growth of the number dead. The alternative model is complementary to the standard and, together, the two Gompertz formulations allow accurate prediction of survival of the older as well as the younger mature members of the population.
Effects of variable density on response of spherical diffusion flames under rotation

The spherical diffusion flame generated by either a porous burner or a fuel droplet in response to rotational motion was investigated through perturbation analysis, with emphasis on the effects variable density. While it was shown that main feature of the problem was adequately described by the constant-density model, the variable-density formulation revealed two new insights: (1) perturbations due to rotation decrease substantially as compared with the constant-density formulation, suggesting that the perturbing effects of rotation are substantially absorbed and thereby mitigated by the density variation, and (2) magnitude of the perturbations strongly depends on the ratio of the burner/droplet surface temperature to the ambient temperature.
Line of sight methods of alignment

Three methods of line of sight alignment are compared and contrasted for ease of use, accuracy of alignment and cost of equipment and fixtures. The three methods are the classical use of an alignment telescope, use of a laser beam to establish an axis, something impossible until the invention of the CW laser, and an autostigmatic microscope used in conjunction with mechanical means to establish an axis or points in space. While the method of choice is usually a pragmatic one of using the equipment at hand, this paper will demonstrate the flexibility of the autostigmatic microscope approach.
Effects of Archaeal Tetraether Lipids on Membrane Partitioning of the Antifungal Drug Nystatin

Nystatin is a polyene antibiotic that is frequently used in the treatment of cutaneous, vaginal, and oral fungal infections. It interacts with ergosterol in the fungal cell plasma membrane, causing membrane disruption and leakage, and leading to cell death. Liposomal nystatin has good antifungal activity but with significantly less systemic toxicity compared to free nystatin. In this study, we attempt to use archaeal tetraether lipids to increase the stability and drug loading of liposomal nystatin. Using a fluorometric method, we have determined the partition coefficient of nystatin into liposomes composed of cholesterol and POPC (80 mol%) in the absence and presence of archaeal tetraether lipids. We found that nystatin partition into liposomes increases significantly (by a factor of ∼4-10) with the addition of 0.5 mol% archaeal tetraether lipids PLFE to replace 0.5 mol% cholesterol. PLFE is the polar lipid fraction E isolated from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. This dramatic change in nystatin partitioning engendered by PLFE was surprising and may result from the presence of interfacial regions between diester and tetraether lipid domains. This result plus our previous findings in PLFE-enhanced membrane stability suggest that tetraether lipids can be a useful additional component in liposomal nystatin formulations.
Support for Nuclear Energy in the Context of Climate Change Evidence From the European Union

The relatively low carbon impact of nuclear power plants and the concern over global warming have renewed both interest in and controversy over expanding nuclear energy. This study uses survey data...
Theory Beyond Theory

Drawing on Toulmin's (1990) portrayal of the `dual trajectory of Modernity', the predominant trajectory being tied to Cartesian rationalism and the other to Renaissance humanism, it is suggested that much of contemporary theoretical psychology appears to be congruent with widespread efforts to reappropriate the latter tradition and thereby to `humanize' its inquiries. This apparent congruence notwithstanding, it is also suggested that much of theoretical psychology, in its very theoreticism, remains wedded to the Cartesian project. By moving toward what is here termed a `poetics of the Other', there emerges the opportunity for a portion of the field not only to further extricate itself from the gravitational pull of theory, as ordinarily conceived, but also to explore modes of thinking and writing more closely tied to the humanities. `Theory' remains viable from this point of view, but in a different way than that which is generally operative in current endeavors.
Radial lift on a suspended finite-sized sphere due to fluid inertia for low-Reynolds-number flow through a cylinder

This article describes the radial drift of a suspended sphere in a cylinder-bound Poiseuille flow where the Reynolds number is small but finite. Unlike past studies, it considers a circular narrow conduit whose cross-sectional diameter is only – times the particle diameter. Thus, the analysis quantifies the effect of fluid inertia on the radial motion of the particle in the channel when the flow field is significantly influenced by the presence of the suspended body. To this end, the hydrodynamic fields are expanded as a series in Reynolds number, and a set of hierarchical equations for different orders of the expansion is derived. Accordingly, the zeroth-order fields in Reynolds number satisfy the Stokes equation, which is accurately solved in the presence of the spherical particle and the cylindrical conduit. Then, recognizing that in narrow vessels Stokesian scattered fields from the sphere decrease exponentially in the axial direction, a simpler regular perturbation scheme is used to quantify the first-order inertial correction to hydrodynamic quantities. Consequently, it is possible to obtain two results. First, the sphere is assumed to follow the axial motion of a freely suspended sphere in a Stokesian condition, and the radial lift force on it due to the presence of fluid inertia is evaluated. Then, the approximate motion is determined for a freely suspended body on which net hydrodynamic force including first-order inertial lift is zero. The results agree well with the available experimental results. Thus, this study along with the measured data would precisely describe particle dynamics inside narrow tubes.
The increasing use of intravesical therapies for stage T1 bladder cancer coincides with decreasing survival after cystectomy

OBJECTIVE Intravesical therapy (IVT), chemo and immunotherapy, has made conservative, bladder-sparing strategies a viable option for managing patients with high grade T1 bladder cancer. However, many of these patients will have recurrence and occasionally progression, questioning delayed intervention. This study examines the patterns of use of IVT in high-grade T1 bladder cancer and the subsequent impact on survival for patients ultimately proceeding to radical cystectomy (RC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1990 and 2005, 104 patients were identified with T1 high-grade transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and who underwent RC. Patients were divided into two groups; those having RC before 1998 (median year of surgery) and those after 1998. Trends in time from diagnosis to RC, courses of IVT, recurrence and pathological stage were analysed using two-sample t-tests with 95% confidence intervals. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine the disease-free and overall survival rates. RESULTS Before 1998, 28 of 38 patients (74%) proceeded directly to RC with no IVT, vs 20 of 47 (43%) after 1998 (P = 0.004). The mean number of IVT courses per patient was 0.53 before 1998 and 1.2 afterward (P = 0.016). Patients who had RC before 1998 had a 69.7% disease-free survival at 5 years, vs 39.6% for those after 1998 (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION In the past 15 years, our experience indicates that patients having RC for T1 high-grade TCC after 1998 were more likely to receive IVT. These same patients had a worsening disease-free survival. In very few other cancers has disease-free survival decreased over time. We postulate that the decrease in survival might be related to an increased use of IVT.
Atomic SC for simple in-order processors

Sequential consistency is arguably the most intuitive memory consistency model for shared-memory multi-threaded programming, yet it appears to be a poor fit for simple, in-order processors that are most attractive in the power-constrained many-core era. This paper proposes an intuitively appealing and straightforward framework for ensuring sequentially consistent execution. Prior schemes have enabled similar reordering, but in ways that are most naturally implemented in aggressive out-of-order processors that support speculative execution or that require pervasive and error-prone revisions to the already-complex coherence protocols. The proposed Atomic SC approach adds a light-weight scheme for enforcing mutual exclusion to maintain proper SC order for reordered references, works without any alteration to the underlying coherence protocol and consumes minimal silicon area and energy. On an in-order processor running multithreaded PARSEC workloads, Atomic SC delivers performance that is equal to or better than prior SC-compatible schemes, which require much greater energy and design complexity.
Environmental policies affecting the development of newer coal technologies

Abstract This paper discusses some of the experiences we have had at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in searching for institutional fixes and technologies that simultaneously achieve our energy and environmental goals. It starts with some background information on coal production and its importance to our economy, and then examines the health and welfare effects of the air pollution resulting from the production and use of coal. Finally, it discusses the current and future technical and policy options for combatting these effects.
Physical Abilities and Performance Tests for Coal Miner Jobs

A project was carried out to develop a physical abilities test battery for coal miner jobs. A job and task analysis indicated that strength is an important requirement while cardiovascular endurance is not. A sample of 87 underground miners completed a battery of 14 physical tests and measures. Supervisor ratings of performance were obtained for the miners and used as a validation criterion. The results indicated that three isometric tests would serve as a useful battery for predicting job performance. The test data also indicated that for this workforce percent body fat increased and aerobic capacity decreased with age. Measures of these physical characteristics as part of an ongoing physical abilities testing program for current employees would provide valuable data for monitoring potential workforce problems.
The specificity of delayed hypersensitivity to ABA-tyr-pulsed and ABA-coupled macrophages.

Abstract Guinea pigs immunized with ABA-tyr in CFA respond well by skin test to ABA-tyr-pulsed macrophages but poorly to ABA-coupled macrophages and not at all to ABA-coupled red cells, thymocytes, or L 2 C cells. On the other hand, guinea pigs immunized with ABA-coupled macrophages do not respond to ABA-insulin or ABA-tyr-pulsed macrophages but do respond to ABA-coupled macrophages. Similarly guinea pigs immunized with Ars-NCS-coupled macrophages respond only to the homologous antigen. The specificity of these reactions is determined by how ABA is associated with the Ia-positive accessory cell. The presence of Ia molecule is not a sufficient condition since neither Ia-positive L 2 C cells nor spleen cells depleted of adherent macrophages are effective as immunogens or elicitors of response when coupled with ABA. These results suggest that the topography of the ABA and Ia complex formed on the accessory cell is the prime determinant of specificity for T-cells responses.
Optical correlation filters to locate destination address blocks in OCR

Abstract A wide variety of optical distortion-invariant correlation filters for possible use in United States PostalService (USPS) destination address block location and reading are summarized. These filters allow theentire envelope to be processed in parallel and are selected in a hierarchy using symbolic encoding tolocate (and read) key words on an envelope. With contextual data, they can locate the address block,the lines and key words in each, and read these words at high rates with excellent P (percentage correctrecognition) and Pe (percentage error). 1 Introduction Many techniques have been suggested to achieve distortion-invariant pattern recognition. The desirableproperties of such processors include shift-invariance and parallel recognition of multiple objects in thepresence of other false objects. Optical correlators are one of the most powerful techniques to achieve this,since they detect multiple occurrences of an object in parallel, with the location of the correlation peakindicative of the location of the object .
Induction of CYP1A1 Gene Expression in Mouse Hepatoma Cells by Benzo(e)Pyrene, a Ligand of the 4S Polycyclic Hydrocarbon-Binding Protein

Hepa 1c1c7 (WT), TAOc1BPrc1 (CI), and BPrc1 (CII) mouse hepatoma cells were exposed to benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). B[e]P induced activity of a rat CYP1A1 reporter gene construct (-3015 to +2545 bp) by 1.8- to 2-fold and 5-fold in WT and CI cells, respectively. B[e]P caused a 2-fold induction of a truncated CYP1A1 reporter gene construct (-658 to +2545 bp) in WT cells and induced ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity by 24- and 13-fold in WT and CI cells. B[a]P also induced CYP1A1 reporter gene and EROD activity in these cells. WT and CII cells had both 8S (Ah) receptor and 4S polycyclic hydrocarbon (PAH)-binding activity, while CI cells exhibited a lower 4S binding activity; 8S binding activity was not detected in CI cells under two separate binding conditions. 8S binding activity in the presence of sodium molybdate was 60-fold greater in WT cells than in CII cells. The absence of sodium molybdate resulted in a dramatic decrease of 8S binding activity in WT cells. The ability of B[e]P to induce CYP1A1 promoter-reporter gene activity and EROD activity in WT and CI cells suggested a role for the 4S PAH-binding protein in the induction of CYP1A1. The lack of detectable 8S binding activity in CI cells was in concert with this role.
Design and Rationale of the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE) Trial

RationaleMultimodal imaging has the potential to identify acute ischaemic stroke patients most likely to benefit from late recanalization therapies.AimsThe general aim of the Mechanical Retrieval a...
Potential eye and sensor protection from tunable lasers by means of thin film aluminum mirrors

An experimental investigation was conducted of the feasibility in using thin film aluminum mirrors as components of an optical system designed to attenuate laser light. When the laser light is focused onto the surface of these mirrors, the aluminum film is vaporized. Using a unique optical geometry, the laser pulse is then returned to the initial damage spot to maximize attenuation. The amount of light that eventually emerges from the optical system is significantly reduced. Results indicate a maximum attenuation of incident light of more than a factor of 10 4 . Variations of the principal experiment were performed to optimize results. An explanation of some phenomena involved and possible improvements are discussed.
Maternal calcium metabolic stress and fetal growth.

Background: Suboptimal maternal calcium intake and vitamin D status may or may not adversely influence fetal growth. Objective: It was hypothesized that maternal calcium metabolic stress in early pregnancy, rather than suboptimal calcium intake or insufficient vitamin D, influences the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births and other aspects of fetal growth. Stress to calcium metabolism was defined as elevated intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) (>62 pg/mL) accompanied by a very low calcium intake [<60% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)] or insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (<20 ng/mL). Design: This was a prospective cohort study of 1116 low-income and minority gravidae at entry to care of 13.8 ± 5.6 wk (mean ± SD). Results: The PTH concentration depended on circulating 25(OH)D and total calcium intake. When 25(OH)D was insufficient, even a high calcium intake (which equaled or exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowance) was unable to maintain PTH or to moderate the proportion of patients with an elevated PTH. When examined one at a time, very low calcium intake ( 62 pg/mL) each had a small but significant association with birth weight. Elevated PTH was also related to birth length and risk of SGA birth. Elevated PTH accompanied by insufficient 25(OH)D or very low calcium intake was associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of SGA birth and a significantly lower birth weight, birth length, and head circumference, even after women who developed preeclampsia were excluded. Infants born to gravidae with insufficient 25(OH)D or very low calcium intake without elevated PTH or with elevated PTH alone were unaffected. Conclusion: Maternal calcium metabolic stress, rather than low calcium intake or insufficient vitamin D, has an adverse influence on fetal growth. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NIH 0320070046.
Solving inverse problem of Markov chain with partial observations

The Markov chain is a convenient tool to represent the dynamics of complex systems such as traffic and social systems, where probabilistic transition takes place between internal states. A Markov chain is characterized by initial-state probabilities and a state-transition probability matrix. In the traditional setting, a major goal is to study properties of a Markov chain when those probabilities are known. This paper tackles an inverse version of the problem: we find those probabilities from partial observations at a limited number of states. The observations include the frequency of visiting a state and the rate of reaching a state from another. Practical examples of this task include traffic monitoring systems in cities, where we need to infer the traffic volume on single link on a road network from a limited number of observation points. We formulate this task as a regularized optimization problem, which is efficiently solved using the notion of natural gradient. Using synthetic and real-world data sets including city traffic monitoring data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Vertical Exchanges and Organizational Commitments of American Business Managers

This article examines the quality of vertical exchanges involving 171 managers and their bosses. All of the managers work at middle or upper levels in 48 American corporations. Hierarchical multiple regressions corroborate the hypothesis that quality of vertical exchange exhibits a strong positive relationship with organizational commitment, and this relationship persists even after controlling for four situational variables. The article advances implications for future research and several implications for practicing managers and consultants.
Elementary School Interventions: Experimental Evidence on Postsecondary Outcomes.

This study exploits a randomized trial of two light-touch elementary school interventions to estimate long-run impacts on postsecondary attendance and attainment. The first is a classroom managemen...