cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing a pro-regenerative biomaterial scaffold microenvironment requires T helper 2 cells.

Immune-mediated tissue regeneration driven by a biomaterial scaffold is emerging as an innovative regenerative strategy to repair damaged tissues. We investigated how biomaterial scaffolds shape the immune microenvironment in traumatic muscle wounds to improve tissue regeneration. The scaffolds induced a pro-regenerative response, characterized by an mTOR/Rictor-dependent T helper 2 pathway that guides interleukin-4–dependent macrophage polarization, which is critical for functional muscle recovery. Manipulating the adaptive immune system using biomaterials engineering may support the development of therapies that promote both systemic and local pro-regenerative immune responses, ultimately stimulating tissue repair.
OPTIMIZATION OF DOUBLED HAPLOID PRODUCTION IN BURLEY TOBACCO ( Nicotiana tabacum L.)

OF A DISSERTATION OPTIMIZATION OF DOUBLED HAPLOID PRODUCTION IN BURLEY TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Doubled haploidy (DH) is a plant breeding technique that is often utilized by plant breeders to minimize the time required to reach homozygosity in breeding lines. The first objective of this study was to compare two methods of generating DH lines in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Inbred burley tobacco varieties TN 90LC and GR 149LC were used to produce both androgenic derived doubled haploids (ADDH) and maternally derived doubled haploids (MDDH). The relative agronomic performance of TN 90LC and GR 149 LC ADDH and MDDH lines was compared when used either as pure-line cultivars or when used for the production of the KT 204LC and TN 97LC hybrid cultivars, respectively. The ADDH method was more efficient than the MDDH method in generating large numbers of haploid plants. On average the ADDH TN 90LC population was statistically inferior to the inbred TN 90LC for several agronomic traits; this inferiority of the ADDH method was not observed in the GR 149LC populations. For both genotypes, the MDDH populations were comparable to the inbred parental genotypes. The ADDH method was inferior for TN 90LC, but several individual TN 90LC ADDH lines were equal or superior to the inbred source. The agronomic variability observed in both ADDH and MDDH lines was decreased when they were used to produce hybrid cultivars. Less variation was observed in the DHderived hybrids KT 204LC and TN 97LC compared to the ADDH and MDDH TN90LC and GR149LC parental lines, respectively. The significant inferiority of ADDH TN 90 lines in comparison to inbred TN 90LC was not observed in the ADDH derived KT 204 population compared to KT 204LC. The second objective of this study was to compare DH Lines derived from an F1 breeding population versus DH lines derived from a segregating F2 population where plants used for DH were pre-screened for quantitatively inherited resistance to soil-borne diseases black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae) and/or Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. nicotianae). There was a clear difference in susceptibility to black shank between the F1 and F2 derived DH populations, both in terms of average disease incidence, and more importantly, in the percentage of individual lines displaying high disease resistance. For two different burley crosses, DH lines derived from the F1 generation were considerably more susceptible to black shank than DH lines derived from the F2 generation. No differences in the incidence of Fusarium wilt were observed between DH lines of F1 and F2 generations; this was likely due to low overall disease incidence. Although delaying the DH process in tobacco from the F1 to the F2 generation could add time to the development of homozygous breeding lines, the delay may be offset by having to screen fewer finished DH lines to identify superior lines.
Human Kidney Preservation Using Machine Perfusion Followed by Intracellular Electrolyte Flushing

AbstractTransplant centers that do not have pulsatile machine perfusion capabilities are reluctant to accept kidneys from programs that do. Four human kidneys were retrieved by other centers, initially placed on pulsatile machine perfusion pumps for 13 to 28 hours, removed from the pumps, flushed with intracellular electrolyte solutions and cold-stored for 13 to 36 hours before transplantation at our institution. All recipients required dialysis during the first week after transplantation. The 1-month serum creatinine nadir was 2.2 plus or minus 1.1mg. per dl., and all kidney grafts were functioning 3 months after transplantation. Pulsatile machine perfusion followed by ice-cold intracellular electrolyte flushing and simple cold storage can provide satisfactory renal function when the warm ischemia time is short.
Asthma-Related Immune Responses in Youth With Asthma: Associations With Maternal Responsiveness and Expressions of Positive and Negative Affect in Daily Life.

OBJECTIVES Stressful family environments early in life have negative effects on physical health. However, less is known about the health effects of positive aspects of families. We examined the associations between maternal responsiveness and immune markers among youth with asthma and identified youth expressions of positive affect as a potential mechanism of these associations. METHODS Forty-three youths with asthma (26 boys; aged 10-17 years) wore the Electronically Activated Recorder for 4 days to assess maternal responsiveness and youth expressions of affect from audio-recordings of daily life. Trained coders rated Electronically Activated Recorder sound files for expressions of maternal responsiveness and affect displayed by the youth. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, cultured, and assayed to determine stimulated levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and interferon-γ. RESULTS Greater maternal responsiveness was associated with decreased stimulated production of IL-5 (r = -0.38, p = .012) and IL-13 (r = -0.33, p = .031). Greater total positive affect in youth was linked to decreased stimulated production of IL-5 (r = -0.46, p = .002) and IL-13 (r = -0.37, p = .014). Total negative affect among youth was unrelated to immune responses. There was a significant indirect effect of maternal responsiveness via positive affect in youth on lower levels of IL-5 (95% confidence interval = -3.41 to -0.03) and IL-13 (95% confidence interval = -2.34 to -0.01) when adjusting for caregiver-youth conflict and negative affect among youth. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the importance of positive family interactions for youth and provide preliminary evidence for a mechanism through which parenting can influence immune responses in youth with asthma.
Energetics of Superstructures in the Bi-Series of Superconducting Compounds

The existence of structural patterns in Bi and Tl-containing superconducting compounds has been well established. In this work, we concentrate on Bi-containing compounds whose stoichiometries are described by the homologous series 3AO-nA’BO3 (3A=Bi2Sr and nA’=SrCa n−1, B=Cu). The first three compounds of this series commonly known as 2021 (Bi2Sr2CuO6), 2122 (Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8), and 2223 (Bi2Ca2Sr2Cu3O10) (corresponding to n = 1, 2, and 3 respectively) have well been studied and the Tc of these compounds has been found to increase with n (at least for n ≤ 3) in the general formula. In other words, Tc apparently is correlated with the number of Cu-O planes present in the perovskite layer of the unit cell.
Regulation of lipids is central to replicative senescence

Cellular replicative senescence, a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest, has been linked to organismal aging, tissue repair and tumorigenesis. In this study, we comparatively investigated the global lipid profiles and mRNA content of proliferating and senescent-state BJ fibroblasts. We found that both expression levels of lipid-regulating genes and the abundance of specific lipid families, are actively regulated. We further found that 19 specific polyunsaturated triacylglycerol species constituted the most prominent changes in lipid composition during replicative senescence. Based on the transcriptome analysis, we propose that the activation of CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake and diversion to glycerolipid biosynthesis could be responsible for the accumulation of triacylglycerols during replicative senescence. This, in turn, could be a cellular mechanism to prevent lipotoxicity under increased oxidative stress conditions observed in this process. Our results indicate that regulation of specific lipid species has a central role during replicative senescence.
Hanging out at the Airport: Unusual Upside-down Perching Behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a Human-dominated Environment

ABSTRACT Animals occupying human-dominated environments show the capacity for behavioral flexibility. Corvids are among the most intelligent synanthropic bird species. During a layover at Schipol Airport in Amsterdam, Netherlands, I photographically documented Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) perching upside down from a building cornice. In contrast to other reports of hanging birds, these jackdaws did not forage or play while upside down and appeared to use the perching spot to observe their surroundings. Although Corvids and Psittacines are known to hang upside down, especially in captive situations, such behaviors are rarely documented in the wild, and never before in association with human-built structures.
Acoustic Classification and Optimization for Multi-Modal Rendering of Real-World Scenes

We present a novel algorithm to generate virtual acoustic effects in captured 3D models of real-world scenes for multimodal augmented reality. We leverage recent advances in 3D scene reconstruction in order to automatically compute acoustic material properties. Our technique consists of a two-step procedure that first applies a convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate the acoustic material properties, including frequency-dependent absorption coefficients, that are used for interactive sound propagation. In the second step, an iterative optimization algorithm is used to adjust the materials determined by the CNN until a virtual acoustic simulation converges to measured acoustic impulse responses. We have applied our algorithm to many reconstructed real-world indoor scenes and evaluated its fidelity for augmented reality applications.
A comparison of computer-assisted and therapist-led instruction for children with autism spectrum disorder

The current investigation applied a model of assessment-based instruction to an evaluation of the efficacy and efficiency of computer-assisted and therapist-led instruction on skill acquisition for 3 participants with autism spectrum disorder. We also evaluated the participant's attending during instruction and the social validity of each format of instruction. The results showed that computer-assisted instruction was most efficient for 2 of the 3 participants, although attending varied across instructional formats. In addition, the social validity of instructional formats varied across participants.
Understanding Arctic Co-Management: The U.S. Marine Mammal Approach

Co-management is an effective tool through which Alaska Native communities can pursue self-governance and self-determination in regards to marine mammal resources. In the Arctic, co-management typically aims to promote environmental conservation, sustainable resource use, and equitable sharing of resource-related benefits and responsibilities. This paper traces a variety of co-management regimes and other international management frameworks, and posits that co-management of subsistence resources is not just a legal issue or a governance issue, but rather, it is an issue of human rights and environmental justice. It concludes that co-management regimes are most successful when they integrate frameworks for shared responsibility, and build long-term relationships on mutual trust and strong legal agreements.
Laboro Ergo Sum (I work therefore I am): The Effects of Jobs on Motivation and Well-Being

One of the most prominent models in management is Hackman and Oldham’s (1975, 1976, 1980) Job Characteristics Model (JCM). Though hundreds of studies on the model have generated mixed empirical fin...
Mechanisms of Spread of Disease in the Abdomen and Pelvis

The perspective afforded by the holistic paradigm forms the basis for a comprehensive understanding to visualize the abdomen and pelvis as a single space, the subperitoneal space. The subperitoneal space lies beneath the peritoneal lining and consists of the extraperitoneum, the mesenteries and ligaments of the abdomen and pelvis, and the suspended abdominal and pelvic organs.
Apoptosis and Neurodegeneration in Diabetes: Lessons from the Retina

Diabetes compromises vision, leading to diabetic retinopathy. This common complication of diabetes was classified as a vascular disease because of the syndrome of vascular abnormalities that are readily apparent by clinical examination [1], [2]. But it is clear from experimental and histological data that the morphology of the inner (neural) retina is also compromised by diabetes. Our recent findings in the retina of diabetic rats indicate that neuro-degeneration is an important component of diabetic retinopathy. These degenerative changes include increased apoptosis, reduction in the number of retinal ganglion cell bodies, and altered expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes and Muller cells. The fact that diabetes affects many different cell types in the retina should come as no great surprise. Diabetes has a deleterious influence on many different tissues throughout the body. Furthermore, the ultimate loss of vision in diabetic retinopathy must involve the failure of some aspects of neuronal function, since it is the neurons that transmit the visual signal to the brain. But what causes the retinal cell death? Is there something unique about the retina that makes it more sensitive to the stresses of diabetes, or is increased apoptosis a general phenomenon that occurs in other parts of the body during diabetes?
Surgery Candidate (Scalp EEG)

A 47-year-old right-handed Indian-American female was self-referred for uncontrolled seizures. She was healthy only taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for “petit mal.” She experienced a prolonged febrile convulsion at 2 years of age lasting 15 min with a fever of 103°. At that time she was told “nothing was wrong.” She developed normally throughout childhood with above-average scholastic achievement. At 11 years of age she developed her first afebrile seizure. Seizures were diagnosed as “petit mal” seizures due to a prominent stare. As if in warning, she would develop an indescribable feeling just prior to a wide-eyed stare, subtle lip smacking, and impaired responsiveness for 45 s. Following this she would be sleepy with transient difficulty “getting the words out.” Five AEDs failed to control her and she was maintained on lamotrigine and levetiracetam. Several seizures/month occurred with rare injury. She never experienced a “grand mal” seizure. Her neurological examination was normal. A brain MRI demonstrated left mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and EEG revealed left anterior temporal epileptiform discharges (Fig. 31.1). A surgical evaluation was recommended to her. Subsequently, a FDG-PET scan of the brain revealed hypometabolism of the left temporal lobe. Video-EEG monitoring revealed three focal seizures (Fig. 31.2). Neuropsychological testing revealed mild verbal memory deficit. A Wada test ultimately revealed 8/8 object recall and aphasia on left hemispheric injection, with 0/8 recall on right injection. A left amygdalohippocampectomy was recommended; however her son (an anesthesiologist) recommended against it. Ten years elapsed before surgery was performed. She has been seizure free for more than 2 years.
Autoregulation of gene expression: Quantitative evaluation of the expression and function of the bacteriophage T4 gene 32 (single-stranded DNA binding) protein system

Abstract The free concentration of bacteriophage T4-coded gene 32 (single-stranded DNA binding) protein in the cell is autoregulated at the translational level during T4 infection of Escherichia coli . The control of the synthesis of this protein reflects the following progression of net (co-operative) binding affinities for the various potential nucleic acid binding targets present: single-stranded DNA > gene 32 mRNA > other T4 mRNAs ⩾ double-stranded DNA. In this paper we show that the free concentration of gene 32 protein is maintained at 2 to 3 μ m , and use the measured binding parameters for gene 32 protein, extrapolated to intracellular conditions, to provide a quantitative molecular interpretation of this system of control of gene expression. These results are then further utilized to define the specific autoregulatory binding sequence (translational operator site) on the gene 32 mRNA as a uniquely unstructured finite binding lattice terminated by elements of secondary structure not subject to melting by gene 32 protein at the autoregulated concentration, and to predict how this site must differ from those found on other T4 messenger RNAs. It is shown that these predictions are fully consistent with available T4 DNA sequence data. The control of free protein concentration as a method of genome regulation is discussed in terms of other systems to which these approaches may apply.
Major and Minor Programs in Health, Physical Education, and Recreation

(1981). Major and Minor Programs in Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 62-64.
Interaction of stem cell factor and its receptor c-kit mediates lodgment and acute expansion of hematopoietic cells in the murine spleen

The phenotypes of mice that harbor a defect in the genes encoding either stem cell factor (SCF) or its receptor, c-kit, indicate that this ligand/receptor pair is necessary for maintenance of normal hematopoiesis in the adult. Our objective was to determine whether SCF, like erythropoietin, is necessary for acute erythroid expansion during recovery from hemolytic anemia. Monoclonal antibody ACK2, which recognizes the murine c-kit receptor, was used to selectively block the hematopoietic growth-promoting effects of SCF. Mice were treated with phenylhydrazine on day 0 and day 1 to induce hemolytic anemia and also received no antibody, control IgG, or ACK2 on day 0. The mice were killed on day 3 and the hematocrit (Hct), reticulocyte count, and numbers of erythroid and myeloid hematopoietic progenitor cells (colony-forming unit-erythroid [CFU-E], burst-forming unit [BFU]-E, and CFU-granulocyte-macrophage [GM]) were quantitated in the femoral marrow and spleen using hematopoietic colony-forming assays. Induction of hemolytic anemia with phenylhydrazine resulted in a drop in the Hct from approximately 50% to 30%, and an approximate 8- to 10-fold increase in the reticulocyte count. The numbers of CFU-E increased modestly in the femur, and approximately 25- to 50-fold in the spleen, in comparison with normal mice. BFU-E and CFU-GM values did not increase in the femur but expanded 6- to 10-fold in the spleen, in comparison with normal mice. This confirms that much of the erythroid expansion in response to hemolytic anemia occurs in the murine spleen. Neutralizing quantities of the ACK2 antibody reduced femoral CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-GM content to less than half that found in phenylhydrazine-treated control mice and nearly totally ablated splenic hematopoiesis. These results suggest that c-kit receptor function may be required for optimal response to acute erythropoietic demand and that erythropoiesis in the splenic microenvironment is more dependent on SCF/c-kit receptor interaction than is erythropoiesis in the marrow microenvironment. Because expansion of late erythropoiesis in the spleen was preferentially blocked, we tested the hypothesis that homing of more primitive hematopoietic cells to the spleen was dependent on c-kit receptor function. Lethally irradiated mice were injected with marrow cells obtained from mice that had received phenylhydrazine plus control IgG or with marrow cells obtained from mice that had received phenylhydrazine plus ACK2. In parallel experiments, normal murine marrow cells were treated in vitro with control IgG or with ACK2 and were injected into lethally irradiated mice. The fraction of BFU-E and CFU-GM retrieved from the marrow and spleen of the recipient mice 4 hours later was reduced by approximately 75% when progenitor cells had been exposed to ACK2, in comparison with control IgG. These data suggest that interaction of SCF with the c-kit receptor affects the homing behavior of hematopoietic progenitor cells in the adult animal.
296: IL-17-signaling in LGR5-positive stem cells promotes colon tumorigenesis

The colon epithelium undergoes constant self-renewal in order to maintain its function as a nutrient sensor and a physical barrier from the commensal microbiota. Colon epithelium homeostasis is altered by inflammation and tissue injury/repair. In excess of which, contributes to the development of colon cancer. Here, we investigated the impact of IL-17A on the colon epithelium homeostasis and tumor development. IL-17A signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL-17RA and IL-17RC. We found that the colon epithelium from IL-17RC-deficient mice displayed reduced proliferation, increased cell apoptosis and increased permeability after DSS challenge compared to control mice. Moreover, the IL-17RC-deficient mice developed significantly fewer colonic tumors compared to control mice in the AOM/DSS model of colitis-associated cancer. We then aimed to identify the cell-type responsible for IL-17A-mediated impact on homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Presumably, this IL-17-responsive cell population would sustain the initial mutation induced by carcinogen AOM, self replicate, and ultimately give rise to the neoplastic foci. Since the renewal of the colon epithelium relies upon a stem-cell niche (LGR5-positive cells) at the base of each crypt, we specifically ablated IL-17 signaling by deleting the IL-17R adaptor protein Act1 from this compartment. Following the AOM/DSS regimen the Act1CSC-KO mice developed significantly fewer colonic tumors compared to littermates. Mechanistically, IL-17A induced the activation of ERK5, ERK1/2 and JNK in colon epithelial cells. The activation of ERK5 and ERK1/2 were diminished in colon tissues of IL-17RC-deficient mice compared to that in the control mice with or without DSS treatment, implicating these MAPKs in IL-17R-dependent colon epithelium homeostasis. Furthermore, this pathway relied upon IL-17RC-dependent Act1 recruitment of TRAF4. We propose that IL-17R-Act1-TRAF4 cascade activates MAPKs in the LGR5-positive stem cells to promote regeneration after injury, consequently contributing to colon tumorigenesis by sustaining stem cells harboring a critical genetic lesion.
“#houstonstrong”: Resisting and reifying the neoliberal public:

This article argues that during and after Hurricane Harvey, Houstonians used the hashtag #houstonstrong as a way of creating a public. This public functioned much in the ways defined by scholars as a means to forward collective action outside the confines of the state. Although it formed adjacent to state mandates, this public never agitated against state practices. Instead, #houstonstrong became not only a way to organize civilian and privatized rescue during the storm but also a point of pride for Houstonians and businesses across Houston. Therefore, I argue that even though #houstonstrong functioned as a traditional public in many ways, its adherence to neoliberal logics makes it a complex form of publicity that challenges the binary between traditional and neoliberal definitions of public behavior.
Adam Smith: systematic philosopher and public thinker

Eric Schliesser’s Adam Smith: Systematic Philosopher and Public Thinker is a welcome addition to the secondary literature on Adam Smith for two reasons. First, not only does the book offer interest...
Species-specific accumulation and temporal trends of bisphenols and benzophenones in mollusks from the Chinese Bohai Sea during 2006-2015.

Abstract Information on the occurrence and bioaccumulation of bisphenols and benzophenones in coastal marine invertebrates is limited. In this study, concentrations of eight bisphenol and five benzophenone analogues were determined in 186 mollusks collected from coastal areas of the Chinese Bohai Sea during the period 2006–2015. Total concentrations of bisphenols and benzophenones were in range of not detected (nd)–58 (geometric mean: 13.0 ng/g) and nd–59.1 (2.06 ng/g) on a dry-weight basis, respectively. BPA and BPF were the major bisphenols, collectively accounting for >90% of the total concentrations. BP-3 was the predominant benzophenone, representing 74% of the total concentrations. The mollusk species, Meretrix meretrix, accumulated high concentrations of both bisphenols and benzophenones. A steady increase in bisphenol concentrations in mollusks was observed in recent years, whereas no obvious temporal trend was found for benzophenones. The estimated daily intakes of bisphenols through consumption of mollusks were lower than the current reference dose. This study establishes a baseline concentration for bisphenols and benzophenones in mollusks in Chinese coastal waters.
Relational victimization and peer affiliate prosocial behaviors in African American adolescents: Moderating effects of gender and antisocial behavior.

Abstract Introduction Experiencing relational victimization (e.g., peer exclusion, untrue rumors) during adolescence can have negative social–emotional consequences, including increased antisocial behavior and substance use. The negative impact of relational victimization may be lessened by spending time with supportive, prosocial peers. Methods This study examined the concurrent and predictive associations between relational victimization and peer affiliates' prosocial behaviors in 244 predominately African American adolescents (ages 13–14) living in U.S. urban neighborhoods. Questionnaires were collected every six months for two years. Overt victimization was controlled for in the analysis and the moderation of gender and antisocial behaviors were tested. Results Peer affiliates' prosocial behavior was stable across the two years. Relational victimization was not associated with peers' prosocial behavior at baseline or across time. Gender did not moderate the association between relational victimization and peers' prosocial behavior. Moderating effects were found for antisocial behavior; relational victimization was positively associated with peer affiliates' prosocial behavior but only for adolescents who were low on antisocial behavior at baseline. Conclusions For African American youth, efforts to reduce relational aggression and increase peer support in prosocial activities prior to adolescence may be useful for preventing social–emotional problems.
Dicey's Nightmare: An Essay on the Rule of Law

The British constitutional lawyer A.V. Dicey argued in the nineteenth century that the common law, as administered by superior courts, better ensured government accountability than did written constitutions. Dicey taught us to focus less on constitutional promises and more on the practical effectiveness of judicial remedies. This Essay builds on Dicey by offering a comparative assessment of military encroachments on the rights of the nation’s citizens during times of war. Rather than comparing British common-law norms to European constitutionalism, as Dicey did, this Essay compares nineteenth-century common law as applied in the courts of the United States to the constitutionally-inflected rules that those courts apply today. This Essay focuses its comparison on three common-law remedies: habeas to secure release from military detention; trespass to obtain an award of damages for wrongful or abusive military confinement; and tort and contract-based compensation for the military’s destruction or taking of property. The modern Supreme Court has recalibrated each of these common-law regimes and now evaluates the legality of the military’s actions almost exclusively in constitutional terms. As Dicey might have predicted, the shift away from hard-edged common-law rules to open-ended constitutional balancing corresponds to a marked loss of relative remedial effectiveness. This Essay examines some of the factors that have shaped the remedial decline, as reflected in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld and Ziglar v. Abbasi. It then offers suggestions as to how the Court might keep the infrastructure of rights enforcement in better repair.
Reproductive dynamics of a native brook trout population following removal of non-native brown trout from a stream in Minnesota, north-central USA

Manual removal of non-native brown trout (Salmo trutta) led to increased abundance and improved size structure of a native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) population. Reproductive dynamics of brook trout in response to release from this competitor were quantified using 14 microsatellite DNA loci to estimate effective population sizes, family sizes, and parentage across five cohorts. We hypothesized that brown trout removal allowed more brook trout to reproduce and distribute reproductive success more evenly among individuals, thereby increasing generational effective population size (Ne) and cohort effective number of breeders (Nb). However, $${\hat{N}}_{\text{e}}$$ varied little (27–32), but was estimated for only one generation before and after removals began. Similarly, $${\hat{N}}_{\text{b}}$$ differed little between pre-removal (21–25) and post-removal (19–23) cohorts, because increased numbers of reproductively successful adults were offset by highly skewed family sizes. Variance in family size increased following brown trout removal, but was uncorrelated with brook trout abundance across all years. Although most individuals matured at a small size, reproductive success increased with length. Increased abundance of adult brook trout has not increased $${\hat{N}}_{\text{b}}$$ and $${\hat{N}}_{\text{e}}$$ remains low. Managers should consider moving adults from nearby populations to increase genetic diversity of this isolated population.
Robust Molecular Communications: DFE-SPRTs and Synchronisation

Precise synchronisation of transmitters and receivers is particularly challenging in diffusive molecular communication environments. To this end, a point-to-point molecular communication system is examined wherein the design of the transceiver offers resilience to synchronisation errors. In particular, the development of a sequential probability ratio test-based detector, which allows for additional observations in the presence of uncertainty due to mis-synchronisation at the receiver, and a modulation design which is optimised for this receiver strategy, is considered. The structure of the probability of molecules hitting a receiver within a particular time slot is exploited. An approximate maximum log-likelihood estimator for the synchronisation error is derived and the Cram&#x00E9;r-Rao bound (CRB) computed, to show that the performance of the proposed estimator is close to the CRB at low transmission rates. The proposed receiver and modulation designs achieve strongly improved asynchronous detection performance for the same data rate as a decision feedback based receiver by a factor of 3 to 5 on average.
InNervate immersion: case study of dynamic simulations in AR/VR environments for learning muscular innervation

We present a collaborative immersive technology effort, InNervate AR and InNervate VR. These applications meet the need to expand on existing anatomy education platforms by implementing a more dynamic and interactive user interface. This user interface allows for exploration of the complex relationship between motor nerve deficits and their effects upon the canine anatomy's ability to produce movement. Preliminary AR user studies provided us with positive feedback in the quality of learning. The studies show that the dynamic touch interactions in AR definitely benefit students' critical reasoning and spatial visualization in learning motor nerve and muscle relationships. However, users seek a more immersive VR-based learning environment, without the distractions that an AR experience may offer. Based on this feedback, a VR version of this learning experience was created. Preliminary responses show that users are satisfied with this VR environment which allows them to manipulate and control the anatomical content with full-body interactions.
Towards a Legacy of the Scottish Tradition: The Democratic Intellect in America

This paper addresses one of the themes of the 2018 CSSP Conference: understanding the legacy of the Scottish tradition. In doing so I suggest that we find some Scottish heirlooms in early American ...
TROPICAL CYCLONES AND HURRICANES | Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change

It remains uncertain whether any past changes in tropical cyclone activity measures exceed the levels expected from natural variability alone. Using statistical and dynamical simulations, the late twenty-first century projections of tropical cyclone activity have been constructed. Although the confidence in these projections is limited, the general picture that emerges is a warmer climate with roughly 20% fewer tropical storms globally, about a 5% increase in the average intensity of tropical cyclones, and possibly more of the most intense (Category 4 and 5) systems. An increase in the precipitation rates near tropical cyclones, by about 20%, is also projected. Rising sea levels are expected to exacerbate surge flooding risk, although the net change in surge risk will depend on changes in landfalling tropical cyclone climate.
The Relationship Between Teachers’ Grade Level and Views on Immigration and Immigrant Students

There is limited research on the variance in teachers’ beliefs on social issues such as immigration, particularly related to the grade level they teach. This research is centered on a nationwide sample of K-12 teachers (N=5190) with an examination of their views on immigration and educational rights for immigrant students, particularly those students who are undocumented. Additionally, there is an analysis of the awareness of false immigration narratives. A series of ANOVA analyses indicate that teachers from the secondary level have the most inclusive views followed by middle grades and elementary teachers. Secondary teachers were also more likely to be aware of false immigration narratives. Consideration is given to the possible reasons for these disparities based on grade level as well as the implications for teachers and teachers educators, particularly because of the need for teachers with an inclusive positionality towards the immigrant population and a critical approach towards structural barriers these students face within the school system.
Pricing Urban Water

From Selma Muskin's "Public Prices for Public Products," this chapter looks at municipal water and water utilities.
Overexpression of Orange (OR) and OR mutant protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enhances carotenoid and ABA accumulation and increases resistance to abiotic stress

Abstract The carotenoid content of plants can be increased by overexpression of the regulatory protein ORANGE (OR) or a mutant variant known as the ‘golden SNP’. In the present study, transgenic lines of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were generated to overexpress either wild type CrOR (CrORWT) or a mutated CrOR (CrORHis) containing a single histidine substitution for a conserved arginine. Overexpression of both CrORWT and CrORHis dramatically enhanced the accumulation of several different carotenoids, including β-cartotene, α-carotene, lutein and violaxanthin, in C. reinhardtii and, in contrast to higher plants, upregulated the transcript abundance of several relevant carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed that the OR transgenic cells were larger than control cells and exhibited larger chloroplasts with a disrupted morphology. Moreover, both CrORWT and CrORHis cell lines showed increased tolerance to salt and paraquat stress. The levels of endogenous phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were also increased in CrORWT and CrORHis lines, not only in normal growth conditions but also in growth medium supplemented with paraquat. Together these results offer new insights regarding the role of the OR protein in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in microalgae, and establish a new functional role for OR to modulate oxidative stress tolerance mediated by ABA.
Discovering Latent Topics of Digital Technologies From Venture Activities Using Structural Topic Modeling

This study attempts to explain the interplay between digital technologies and venture creation using structural topic modeling (STM), an automatic text analysis method, to detect latent topics related to digital technologies from large texts. The profile data of 133,344 U.S. companies from CrunchBase are analyzed. The data provide detailed descriptions in text about each company: what each company does. STM enables identification of topics related to digital technologies from the large company profile data. The findings identify those digital technologies that appear to have played the biggest role in the landscape of venture activities in the United States. The study also presents findings showing the temporal changes in such ``digital'' topics and the association of those topics with different industry sectors. The proposed analytical framework and the findings make contributions to the growing discussion about the intersection between digital technologies and new business creation.
Requirements for IoT Forensic Models: A Review

Based on the elasticity, virtualization, volatility, multi-tenancy, and multi-jurisdiction characteristics of IoT environments, implementation of conventional digital forensic process models to security incidents is challenging. To address the challenges, new IoT-specific forensic process models are required. In this paper, issues and challenges in digital forensics brought by IoT technologies are presented. Based on the challenges, authors derive and present requirements that should be met by forensic process models designed for investigations in the IoT ecosystem. IoT forensic process models proposed in the literature are evaluated based on these requirements. Through this evaluation, gaps that are left by the evaluated IoT forensic process models are brought to light.
Migrant autonomy and wilfulness amidst the onslaught of the Covid-19 pandemic at the Tijuana border

When the Covid-19 pandemic hit the United States and Mexico in March 2020, both the pandemic itself and the measures taken to contain its spread produced potentially devastating effects on the lives of migrants in Tijuana Qualitative data from interviews with eight Honduran migrants sheltering in place in Tijuana reveal the fragility of the city’s network of migrant service providers in the context of a border closed to non-essential movement, and ensuing repercussions for the migrants that they serve However, beyond questions of access to basic necessities such as food, shelter and health services;protection from criminal violence;or complications to legal processes and visa status, the data provided by these eight migrants offer insights regarding migrant autonomy: aside from the undeniable frustration evoked by the pandemic and the measures taken to control it, migrants also exhibit a persistence and inventiveness seen in their willingness to wait, their resolve to maintain their projects of migration, a shift in their attention from the future to the present, their general resourcefulness in problem solving, and a hidden agenda of humour that functions as a subtle form of resistance Together our observations show that in spite of appearing to be trapped, with hopes thwarted, migrants continue to be social agents, and continue to represent a wilful social force in Tijuana
Research in International Commercial Arbitration: Special Skills, Special Sources

Experts agree that international commercial arbitration relies far more heavily on written advocacy than litigation does, yet very few practitioners and arbitrators have ever received any specialized training in how to research and present written arguments in this unique area of law. Newcomers to the field are particularly disadvantaged, since the legal authorities used in international commercial arbitration are unique and novices often do not know how to find certain materials, if they are even aware that these items exist. This article helps deepen the understanding of the practice of international commercial arbitration by describing how experienced international advocates and arbitrators research, present and consider legal arguments in international commercial arbitration. The article, which is useful for practitioners and arbitrators at all levels and in all countries, also distinguishes mistakes typically made by lawyers trained in the common law from those made by lawyers trained in the civil law.
Genes Upregulated in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during Mild Freezing and Subsequent Thawing Suggest Sequential Activation of Multiple Response Mechanisms

Exposing fully cold-acclimated wheat plants to a mild freeze-thaw cycle of −3°C for 24h followed by +3°C for 24 or 48h results in dramatically improved tolerance of subsequent exposure to sub-freezing temperatures. Gene enrichment analysis of crown tissue from plants collected before or after the −3°C freeze or after thawing at +3°C for 24 or 48h revealed that many biological processes and molecular functions were activated during the freeze-thaw cycle in an increasing cascade of responses such that over 150 processes or functions were significantly enhanced by the end of the 48 h, post-freeze thaw. Nearly 2,000 individual genes were upregulated more than 2-fold over the 72 h course of freezing and thawing, but more than 70% of these genes were upregulated during only one of the time periods examined, suggesting a series of genes and gene functions were involved in activation of the processes that led to enhanced freezing tolerance. This series of functions appeared to include extensive cell signaling, activation of stress response mechanisms and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, extensive modification of secondary metabolites, and physical restructuring of cell membranes. By identifying plant lines that are especially able to activate these multiple mechanisms it may be possible to develop lines with enhanced winterhardiness.
Exploiting logical structure in lifted probabilistic inference

Representations that combine first-order logic and probability have been the focus of much recent research. Lifted inference algorithms for them avoid grounding out the domain, bringing benefits analogous to those of resolution theorem proving in first-order logic. However, all lifted probabilistic inference algorithms to date treat potentials as black boxes, and do not take advantage of their logical structure. As a result, inference with them is needlessly inefficient compared to the logical case. We overcome this by proposing the first lifted probabilistic inference algorithm that exploits determinism and context specific independence. In particular, we show that AND/OR search can be lifted by introducing POWER nodes in addition to the standard AND and OR nodes. Experimental tests show the benefits of our approach.
Hollywood Reborn: Movie Stars of the 1970s, edited by James Morrison

Hollywood Reborn: Movie Stars of the 1970s is a collection of essays that explore the cultural and political factors that redefined stardom in the “new Hollywood” of the 1970s. With the decline of ...
The origin of extended interstellar shells around Wolf-Rayet stars having bright optical ring nebulae

Investigations of the interstellar environment around Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars have lead to the discovery of extended shells of gas and dust 50-100 pc in diameter in the lines of sight toward three WR stars. In this paper, several origins for these extended shells are discussed. While positional coincidences cannot be excluded, the locations of the WR stars near the projected centers of the shells, the detection of only shortward-shifted, high-velocity UV absorption line components in their IUE spectra, plus commonality of some WR star properties which are rare in the general WR star population suggest some casual connections between the WR stars and formation of interstellar shells. To access whether the high-velocity UV interstellar absorption lines are a frequent phenomenon related to WR stellar winds, we present a survey of such features in all WR stars observed with IUE through 1991. Of 35 stars studied, only four are found to have components with velocity displacements greater than 45 km/s which are not attributable to previously identified OB association superbubbles. The means a surprising 82% of non-OB association WR stars show no evidence of high-velocity gas in their lines of sight at IUE's spectral resolution, suggesting that high-velocity interstellar absorption lines are not a common consequence of Wolf-Rayet star stellar winds alone. We review the properties of three WR stars (HD 50896, HD 96548, and HD 192163) which may reside inside extended interstellar shells and find that they are similar in terms of spectral class (WN5-8), presence of an optical ring nebula, and reported photometric variability. Evaluation of possible origins of the extended shells suggests these three stars are in a post X-ray binary stage of high-mass binary star evolution. If this is correct, then the large interstellar shells detected might be evidence of either supernova remnant shells generated by the explosion of the binary's primary star, or non-conservative mass transfer during a Roche Lobe overflow stage of the binary after the supernova explosion. In either of these cases the bright optical ring nebulae associated with these three WR stars may signify recent Roche Lobe overflows consistent with spectroscopic abundance analysis.
Conditional Lethality of Deletions Which Include uvrB in Strains of Escherichia coli Lacking Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase I

Deletions of the uvrB gene were not obtained in polA1 strains of Escherichia coli either by selecting for spontaneous deletions or by transduction from strains carrying such deletions. A strain forming a temperature-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I and carrying a deletion of the uvrB gene is inviable at the nonpermissive temperature.
Bortezomib-containing induction regimens in transplant-eligible myeloma patients: a meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND The objective of this meta-analysis in patients with myeloma was to test the hypothesis that the addition of bortezomib to induction therapy not only improves the depth of response but also improves post-transplant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes. METHODS Phase 3 trials that randomized newly diagnosed, transplant-eligible patients with myeloma to receive either a bortezomib-containing induction regimen (BCIR) or a nonbortezomib-containing induction regimen (NBCIR) were identified. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adapted for data synthesis, and comprehensive meta-analysis software was used to report pooled data as hazard ratios or odds ratios under a random-effects model. RESULTS Four published phase 3 trials that included 2169 patients were analyzed. The postinduction and post-transplant pooled odds ratio for achieving a complete response/near complete response or a very good partial response or better and the overall response rate were higher with BCIR. The pooled hazard ratios for 3-year PFS and OS were 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.83; P < .00,001) and 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.96; P = .014), respectively, favoring BCIR. The odds of developing selected grade ≥3 toxicities (peripheral neuropathy and varicella-zoster virus reactivation) also were higher with BCIR. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis demonstrated that BCIR results in an improved depth of response, which translates into improved post-transplant PFS and OS outcomes despite a higher incidence of toxicity. This analysis supports the concept that the choice of induction regimen can influence post-transplant outcomes such as PFS and OS. Cancer 2013;119:4119–4128. © 2013 American Cancer Society.