cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar cortex lesions prevent acquisition of conditioned eyelid responses

We have used aspiration and electrolytic lesions to investigate the contributions of cerebellar cortex to the acquisition and expression of conditioned eyelid responses. We show that lesions of the anterior lobe of rabbit cerebellar cortex disrupt the timing of previously learned conditioned eyelid responses. These short-latency responses were used as an indication that the cerebellar cortex was sufficiently damaged and that the underlying pathways necessary for the expression of responses were sufficiently intact to support responses. Rabbits were subsequently trained for 15 daily sessions using a new conditioned stimulus. Whereas rabbits in which lesions had no significant effect on response timing showed rapid acquisition of appropriately timed eyelid responses to the new conditioned stimulus, animals with lesions that disrupt timing showed no significant increases in either amplitude or probability of responses. Histological analysis suggests that damage to the anterior lobe of the cerebellar cortex is necessary and sufficient to abolish timing and prevent acquisition. These data indicate that the cerebellar cortex is necessary for the acquisition of conditioned eyelid responses and are consistent with the hypotheses that (1) eyelid conditioning results in plasticity in both the anterior lobe of the cerebellar cortex and in the anterior interpositus nucleus and (2) induction of plasticity in the interpositus requires intact input from the cerebellar cortex.
Investigation of gene expression correlating with centrosome amplification in development and progression of breast cancer

Abstract : We previously demonstrated that centrosome amplification correlates with chromosomal instability and loss of differentiation in breast tumors. The goal of this research is to identify genes important in breast cancer due to their association with amplified centrosomes, We determined that centrosomes are amplified prior to invasion and amplification is maintained during progression. We identified candidate genes for further investigation. Last year, we 1) measured chromosomal instability in tumors for which we have gene expression and centrosome amplification data, 2) analyzed the relationships between lymph node and estrogen receptor status, chromosomal instability and centrosome amplification, and 3) developed a collaborative study to look at centrosome amplification, chromosomal instability, and gene expression in a rat model of estrogen-induced mammary cancer. During this last reporting period we 1) demonstrated that expression of Aurora-A, a centrosome-associated kinase, correlates to Nottingham Prognostic Index in human breast tumors, 2) demonstrated that estrogen exposure leads to centrosome amplification and aurora-A over-expression prior to invasion in a rat mammary tumor model, and 3) developed a collaboration to study the effects of cyclin D1 overexpression in a mouse model and demonstrated that cyclin D1 induces centrosome amplification and aneuploidy.
Brussels to compile relative sunspot numbers

The Royal Observatory at Brussels will take over responsibility for compiling relative sunspot numbers by the end of this year, according to J. O. Stenflo, director of the Swiss Federal Astronomical Observatory in Zurich. Until this year the numbers, one of the oldest continuous series of astronomical data, have been produced at Zurich. Stenflo has directed the Zurich observatory to discontinue the service by the end of this year. The indexes from both observatories will be produced in parallel, beginning in July. The new numbers will be designated R index I (R stands for ‘relative sunspot number;’ I stands for ‘International.’) The old series was labeled R index Z.
Chronic Hemodialysis Therapy in the West.

Background: Chronic hemodialysis (HD) in the 1960s encompassed a wide variety of prescriptions from twice weekly to five times per week HD. Over time, HD prescriptions in the West became standardized at three times per week, 2.5-4 h per session, with occasional additional treatments for volume overload. Summary: When clinical trials of dialysis dose failed to show significant benefit of extending time compared with the traditional dialysis prescription, interest in more frequent HD was renewed. Consequently, there has been growth in home HD therapies as well as alternative dialysis prescriptions. Data from recent randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits and risks of these more frequent therapies, with surprising differences in outcomes between short daily HD and long nocturnal HD. More frequent therapies improve control of both hypertension and hyperphosphatemia, but at the expense of increased vascular access complications and, at least for nocturnal HD, a faster loss of residual renal function. Key Messages: In the West, the standard HD prescription is three treatments per week with a minimal time of 3.0 h and dialysis is performed in an outpatient dialysis center. A minority of patients will have a fourth treatment per week for volume issues. Alternative HD prescriptions, although rare, are more available compared to the recent past. Facts from East and West: (1) While developed Western and Asian countries provide end-stage renal disease patients full access to HD, healthcare systems from South and South-East Asia can offer access to HD only to a limited fraction of the patients in need. Even though the annual costs of HD are much lower in less developed countries (for instance 30 times lower in India compared to the US), patients often cannot afford costs not covered by health insurance. (2) The recommended dialysis pattern in the West is at least three sessions weekly with high-flux dialyzers. Studies from Shanghai and Taiwan might however indicate a benefit of twice versus thrice weekly sessions. In less developed Asian countries, a twice weekly pattern is common, sometimes with dialyzer reuse and inadequate water treatment. A majority of patients decrease session frequency or discontinue the program due to financial constraint. (3) As convective therapies are gaining popularity in Europe, penetration in Asia is low and limited by costs. (4) In Asian countries, in particular in the South and South-East, hepatitis and tuberculosis infections in HD patients are higher than in the West and substantially increase mortality. (5) Progress has recently been made in countries like Thailand and Brunei to provide universal HD access to all patients in need. Nevertheless, well-trained personnel, reliable registries and better patient follow-up would improve outcomes in low-income Asian countries.
Large accelerations and tectonic setting of the May 1993 Shumagin Islands earthquake sequence

Variability of earthquake rupture can lead to large disparities between expected and observed ground motion. To better understand the range of ground motions generated by subduction zone earthquakes, we examine teleseismic and nearsource strong-motion records from an interplate thrust earthquake sequence that occurred near the Shumagin Islands, Alaska Peninsula, in May 1993. The two largest events show source depths of 36 km (May 13) and 42 km (May 25) from inversion of teleseismic waveforms, which place them in the deepest part of the interplate thrust zone. This inference is verified by single-station epicenter estimates, derived from P -wave polarization and S - P times, and by the focal mechanisms. The 13 May 1993 mainshock ( MS 6.9) shows peak accelerations of 0.7 to 1.4 m · sec−2 within 75 km of the epicenter, consistent with scaling relations observed elsewhere. The largest aftershock, 25 May ( MW 6.1), shows peak acceleration near 8 m · sec−2 at a station 25 km away. The 8 m · sec−2 acceleration is far larger than expected for an earthquake of this size and depth and is perhaps the largest recorded in Alaska. Simple explanations such as site effects and rupture directivity cannot fully account for the anomalous accelerations. The short rupture time of the 25 May event (∼2.8 sec) contributes to high accelerations but cannot explain the factor of 12 variability observed in peak acceleration near the epicenter. Unusual focusing effects and rupture patterns are suspected but cannot be confirmed. Whatever the cause, the unusually high accelerations demonstrate that deep and moderate-sized earthquakes can occasionally produce significant ground motions in subduction zones.
Sexual dimorphism in gene expression after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background and Purpose: Inflammation and compromise in structure and function of cerebral parenchymal microvasculature begins early after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We recently found greater inflammation and greater vascular compromise in male than in female rats following SAH. In this study, we investigated whether this cross-sexual difference in pathology is reflected in expression levels of genes related to vascular inflammation and structural compromise.Method: Age-matched male and female rats underwent sham surgery or SAH by endovascular perforation. Early physiology (intracranial pressure (ICP), blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and cerebral blood flow) was monitored. Cerebral RNA was extracted at sacrifice 3 h after surgery and assayed for expression of thrombomodulin (Thbd), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNos;Nos3), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (Icam1), vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), interleukin-1beta (Il1β) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α), and arginine vasopressin (Av...
Glucocorticoid sensitivity of interleukin-1 agonist and antagonist secretion: the effects of age and gender

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a primary mediator of inflammation that is regulated, in part, by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The purpose of this study was to determine if gender- or age-relat...
An Evaluation Model for the Interactive Interface of ElectroMechanical Products Based on Feature Analysis

Based on the features of electro-mechanical products, an evaluation model was proposed for their interactive interface. The features w ere first decomposed and the typical ones w ere extracted using similarity experiments. A quantitative semantic model w as then built w ith the hierarchical analysis method and perceptual semantic descriptions can be expressed w ith quantitative mathematical forms. After that, the mapping betw een appearance features and operation,and the mapping betw een property characteristics and functional components w ere established,respectively. The tw o mappings determined the expression of the interface features, and the computation over these mappings yields property features,appearance features,utility values of operation,and overall utility values. The evaluation model w as proved by the planer machine. The evaluation parameters can help to evaluate the expressiveness degree of the property features by means of the function elements and operation steps.
Comparative study of late rectal toxicity in prostate cancer patients treated with low-dose-rate brachytherapy: With or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy

Abstract Purpose Supplemental external beam radiation therapy (sEBRT) is often prescribed in men undergoing low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. A population of patients was analyzed to assess the effect of sEBRT on late rectal toxicity. It was hypothesized that sEBRT + LDR would be associated with a higher risk of late rectal toxicity. Methods and Materials This retrospective cohort study examined LDR brachytherapy patients, treated with or without sEBRT, with a minimum of 5-year followup. Longitudinal assessments were evaluated using the computerized patient record system. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for analysis. Results Median followup was 7.5 years for 245 patients from 2004 to 2007. sEBRT was administered to 33.5%. Followup beyond 5 years was available for 89%. Overall rates of Grade ≥2 and ≥3 rectal toxicities were 6.9% and 2.9%, respectively. The risk of Grade ≥2 rectal toxicity was 2.8-fold higher for patients receiving sEBRT (95% confidence interval: 1.1–7.2; p = 0.02). The risk of Grade ≥3 rectal toxicity was 11.9-fold higher for patients who received sEBRT (1.5–97.4, 95% confidence interval; p = 0.003). Six of seven patients with a Grade ≥3 rectal toxicity received sEBRT, including one who required an abdominoperineal resection. Median post-LDR D 90 , V 150 , V 200 , and R 100 values were 103.3%, 59.4%, 30.1%, and 0.5 cc. Conclusions In a cohort of LDR brachytherapy patients with high rates of followup, sEBRT + LDR was associated with significantly higher risk of Grade ≥2 and ≥3 late rectal toxicity. This analysis supports previous findings and maintains concern about the supplemental use of external beam radiation therapy with LDR brachytherapy while its benefit for tumor control has yet to be prospectively validated.
Unilateral hydronephrosis secondary to mid ureteral extrinsic fecal obstruction.

AbstractA case of unilateral mid ureteral obstruction and secondary hydronephrosis from fecal impaction in a 3-year-old boy with myelomeningocele is reported.
Miscellaneous Topics of Current Interest

In addition to the material presented up to now, there are a number of topics of current interest for which it is useful to review the present status. These topics include (i) a summary of the catenary relations and, more specifically, the problem of the double catenary, (ii) dynamic stresses induced in cables by random end loads and (iii) the force required to extract bodies from the ocean bottom. The latter is usually referred to as the bottom breakout force problem.
Crippled Justice: The History of Modern Disability Policy in the Workplace

This intellectual history of disability policy in the workplace from World War II to the 21st century, explains why American employers and judges, despite the Americans with Disabilities Act, have been so resistant to accommodating the disabled in the workplace. Ruth O'Brien traces the origins of this resistance to the postwar disability policies inspired by physicians and pschotherapists that were based on the notion that disabled people should accommodate society rather than having society accommodate them. O'Brien shows how the remnants of postwar cultural values bogged the rights-orientated policy in the 1970s and how they continue to permeate judicial interpretations of provisions under the Americans with Disabilities Act. In effect, O'Brien argues, these decisions have created a lose/lose situation for the very people the act was meant to protect.
Mindfulness practice moderates the relationship between craving and substance use in a clinical sample

Relapse following treatment for substance use disorders is highly prevalent, and craving has been shown to be a primary predictor of relapse. Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) is a psychosocial aftercare program integrating mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral approaches, aimed at reducing the risk and severity of relapse. Results from a recent randomized clinical trial demonstrate enhanced remission resilience for MBRP participants versus both cognitive-behavioral and treatment-as-usual controls. The current study investigated between-session formal and informal mindfulness practice, a hypothesized primary mechanism of action in this treatment, as an attenuating factor in the relationship between craving and substance use. Participants in this secondary analysis were 57 eligible adults who completed either inpatient treatment or intensive outpatient treatment for substance use disorders, were randomized in the parent study to receive MBRP, and completed relevant follow-up assessments. For formal mindfulness practice at post-intervention, both number of days per week and number of minutes per day significantly moderated the relationship between craving at post-intervention and number of substance use days at 6-month follow up. Informal practice did not significantly influence the craving-use relationship in this analysis. These results indicate that increasing formal mindfulness practice may reduce the link between craving and substance use for MBRP participants and enhance remission resiliency.
Neutral current couplings of leptons to polarized Z0's in the SLD experiment

We study neutral current couplings of leptons to polarized Z0's in the SLD experiment in terms of the leptonic asymmetry parameters Ae, Aμ and Aτ. We discuss in detail eL, R− + e+ → Z0 → μ− μ+ and τ− τ+, with left(L)- or right(R)-handed polarized electron beams. SLD's most precise measurement of Ae is shown to result from the left-right cross section asymmetry, ALR, where the dependence on initial state electronic couplings enable use of essentially all of the data. Comparing Aμ and Aτ, with Ae tests the universality of leptonic couplings. Aμ = 0.102 ± 0.033 ± 0.001, Aτ = 0.190 ± 0.034 ± 0.001, and Ae = 0.148 ± 0.016 ± 0.002 from these two leptonic channels. If lepton universality is assumed, a combined asymmetry parameter Aeμτ = 0.147 ± 0.013 results, which directly corresponds to an effective value of the weak mixing angle sin2 θWeff = 0.2315 ± 0.0017.
Hydrogen-Induced Oxygen Vacancy Bistability and Its Impact on RRAM Device Operation

Hydrogen-induced bistability of an oxygen vacancy defect was investigated in hafnium oxide using density functional theory calculations. With the injection of an excess electron, a bistability is induced by hydrogen site preference change due to excess electron charge redistribution near the hydrogen and oxygen vacancy. The spatial charge delocalization of electrons is altered in this transition, and this process can have a strong effect on the charge transport probability near conductive filaments of resistive random access memories. If the thickness of HfO2 scales down below 1 nm, the bistability can also be used to realize an atomic resistive switch controlled by a single hydrogen atom.
Preserved endothelial progenitor cell angiogenic activity in African American essential hypertensive patients.

Background African American (AA) subjects with essential hypertension (EH) have greater inflammation and cardiovascular complications than Caucasian EH. An impaired endogenous cellular repair system may exacerbate vascular injury in hypertension, yet whether these differ between AA EH and Caucasian EH remains unknown. Vascular repair by circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is controlled by regulators of EPC mobilization, homing, adhesion and new vessel formation, but can be hindered by various cytokines. We hypothesized that EPC levels and function would be impaired in AA EH compared with Caucasian EH, in association with increased levels of inflammatory mediators and EPC regulators. Methods CD34+/KDR+ EPCs were isolated from inferior vena cava and renal vein blood samples of AA EH and Caucasian EH patients (n = 18 each) and from peripheral veins of 17 healthy volunteers (HVs) and enumerated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Angiogenic function of late-outgrowth endothelial cells expanded from these samples for 3 weeks was tested in vitro. Levels of inflammatory mediators, angiogenic factors and EPC regulators were measured by Luminex. Results EPC levels were decreased in both AA and Caucasian EH compared with HVs, whereas their late-outgrowth endothelial cell angiogenic function was comparable. Levels of several inflammatory mediators were elevated in AA EH compared with Caucasian EH and HVs. Contrarily, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor-2 were lower. EPC levels inversely correlated with blood pressure in all hypertensive patients and estimated glomerular filtration rate with inflammatory mediators only in AA EH. Conclusions Despite lower EPC numbers, decreased vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and inflammation, EPC function is preserved in AA EH compared with Caucasian EH and HVs, suggesting compensatory mechanisms for vascular repair.
Steven Taylor: Written Interview (Part a)

This material presents the answers to the first four questions of the written interview introduced in Self Assessment and Career Development (Prentice Hall, 1991). It will help students gain understanding of the instrument and gain skill in interpreting it. Excerpt UVA-PACS-0033 Rev. Apr. 8, 2013 STEVEN TAYLOR: WRITTEN INTERVIEW (PART A) Question #1: An account of my life (open-ended question) 1. I guess we ought to start at the beginning. I was born in Akron, Ohio, in June of 1960. I was trouble right from the beginning, refusing to come forth after 37 hours of labor. I was the first for my mom, so the doctor wanted to hold off as long as possible, but they finally gave up and cut me out. I was 10 pounds at birth and reputedly could be easily located by the volume of my vocalizations. My family moved often in my early years, and in fact, my father moved us while my mother and I were recuperating from our first ordeal together. So I went home to my first home in Newark, Ohio, where my father worked for the B & O Railroad as a management trainee. I have very few memories of Newark except glimpses of the breakfast area in the house and the backyard of my friend Sean's house. Sean lived on a stream filled with smooth round rocks, which made the water burble and laugh as it went by. The banks were filled with all sorts of creatures to inspect and examine: frogs, grubs, night crawlers, and all manner of things. It was a wondrous place for two small boys to wander about, and I'm reminded of that stream whenever I'm near running water even today. I wonder whether my interest in the outdoors began all the way back then? Memories of Newark are very pleasant, even if they are mostly fuzzy now. . . .
A Global-Local Approach for the Construction of Enrichment Functions for the Generalized FEM and Its Application to Three-Dimensional Cracks

Existing generalized or extended finite element methods for modeling cracks in three-dimensions require the use of a sufficiently refined mesh around the crack front. This offsets some of the advantages of these methods specially in the case of propagating three-dimensional cracks. In this paper, a strategy to overcome this limitation is investigated. The approach involves the development of enrichment functions that are computed using a new global-local approach. This strategy allows the use of a fixed global mesh around the crack front and is specially appealing for non-linear or time dependent problems since it avoids mapping of solutions between meshes. The resulting technique enjoys the same flexibility of the so-called meshfree methods for this class of problem while being more computationally efficient.
The Effects of Writing Choice Prompt on the Written Narratives of Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A Case Study of an Abandoned Single-Case Design:

In this study, we investigated the effects of choice of writing prompt on the number of story elements included in written narratives. The investigation took place in a residential facility for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Participants included six female students in a mixed-grade-level course (students had just completed Grades 7–10). A withdrawal single-case research design was planned for each participant. However, the study was abandoned after only initial baseline and intervention phases because choice of writing prompt appeared to have null or countertherapeutic effects on the number of story elements written. Potential explanations for why these findings are inconsistent with other studies using choice making, including considerations of the file drawer effect for studies with null findings, are presented. Limitations and future directions also are discussed.
Modeling of the CPU frequency to minimize energy consumption in parallel applications

Abstract Although high-performance computing traditionally focuses on the efficient execution of large-scale applications, power consumption is going to become a critical design constraint for exascale systems. Drastic increases in the power consumption of supercomputers affect significantly their operating costs and failure rates. In modern microprocessor architectures, equipped with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and CPU clock modulation (throttling), the power consumption may be controlled in software. Additionally, network interconnect, such as Infiniband, may be exploited to maximize energy savings while the application performance loss and frequency switching overheads must be carefully balanced. This work proposes a model for determining a frequency level that minimizes energy consumption during parallel application execution. This model features a closed-form expression for the optimal frequency with respect to several application and system parameters. The model is then validated on the entire original suite of the NAS parallel benchmarks, thereby being exposed to different types of workloads. The obtained closed-form expression provides insights into the viability of energy consumption with changes in processor frequency and clearly shows that a simplistic strategy of just lowering the operating frequency does not always yield a reduced energy consumption. Average energy savings of 7% have been achieved by using the optimal frequency determined by the proposed model for the NAS benchmarks.
Conclusion: Safe Haven and Ideological Gaslighting

This chapter examines Safe Haven as the epitome of the reified narratives and ideological gaslighting of Hollywood domestic violence films. The chapter asserts the need to resist ideological gaslighting and address these films’ absences by focusing on marginalized women and advocates for collective action and institutional change to end abuse.
NURSING CARE TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH BERLIN HEART

Introduction and Aims The health needs of the child and young adult and their satisfaction are the most important aim of nursing care. The use of ever more complex technology for the treatment of specific diseases means that the nurse has to cope with equally complex problems and therefore change nursing assistance. International scientific literature reports different international experiences with regard to the use of Berlin heart (BH), as an instrument for the assistance of paediatric patients with cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. The objective of this work is to describe the care available to BH patients at the cardiology department (DMCCP) at the Bambino Gesu Paediatric Hospital (OPBG) in Rome. Methods We are concerned with BH patients treated over the past 10 years (February 1999 to April 2008). We have identified many assistance problems regarding the child/family as well as technical aspects. For the identification of the adequate operative mode, the “prestazioni infermieristiche” model has been used. Results We assisted 10 patients with different treatment indications. During the assistance, nurses met with many problems: from the satisfaction of basic needs to the complex relationship of the nurse/child and their family. Conclusions Considering the international scientific literature, the experience of DMCCP is positive, with regard to the survival rate and the method of treatment. Certainly, a greater expertise is based on the number of cases treated. An exchange of experiences through the international centres, which treat paediatric patients with BH, would be a useful way to optimise nursing assistance.
Risk factors of poor prognosis and impairment of activities of daily living in patients with hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcers

Impairment of activities of daily living (ADL) due to hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcers (HGU) has rarely been evaluated. We analyzed the risk factors of poor prognosis, including mortality and impairment of ADL, in patients with HGU. In total, 582 patients diagnosed with HGU were retrospectively analyzed. Admission to a care facility or the need for home adaptations during hospitalization were defined as ADL decline. The clinical factors were evaluated: endoscopic features, need for interventional endoscopic procedures, comorbidities, symptoms, and medications. The risk factors of outcomes were examined with multivariate analysis. Advanced age (> 75 years) was a significant predictor of poor prognosis, including impairment of ADL. Additional significant risk factors were renal disease (odds ratio [OR] 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–8.14) for overall mortality, proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) usage prior to hemorrhage (OR 5.80; 95% CI 2.08–16.2), and heart disease (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.11–8.43) for the impairment of ADL. Analysis of elderly (> 75 years) subjects alone also revealed that use of PPIs prior to hemorrhage was a significant predictor for the impairment of ADL (OR 8.24; 95% CI 2.36–28.7). In addition to advanced age, the presence of comorbidities was a risk of poor outcomes in patients with HGU. PPI use prior to hemorrhage was a significant risk factor for the impairment of ADL, both in overall HGU patients and in elderly patients alone. These findings suggest that the current strategy for PPI use needs reconsideration.
Isochoric p–ρ–T Measurements for 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-Trifluoroethane (R123) at Temperatures from 176 to 380 K and 1-Chloro-1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R124) from 104 to 400 K at Pressures to 35 MPa

The p–ρ–T relationships were measured for 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R123) and 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R124) by an isochoric method with gravimetric determinations of the amount of substance. Temperatures ranged from 176 to 380 K for R123 and from 104 to 400 K for R124, while pressures extended up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on compressed liquid samples. Most published p–ρ–T data are in good agreement with this study. The uncertainty is 0.03 K for temperature and 0.01% for pressure at p>3 MPa and 0.05% at p<3 MPa. The principal source of uncertainty is the cell volume (∼28.5 cm3), with a standard uncertainty of 0.003 cm3. When all components of experimental uncertainty are considered, the expanded relative uncertainty (with a coverage factor k=2 and, thus, a 2-SD estimate) of the density measurements is estimated to be 0.05%.
Molecular determinants of afferent sensitization in a rat model of cystitis with urothelial barrier dysfunction.

Hyperexcitability of sensitized bladder sensory neurons in a rat model of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) results from increased activity of tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gate...
Left Ear Hearing Predicts Functional Activity in the Brains of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia:

Objectives:To determine whether central speech processing ability, as measured by hearing in noise, differs between right and left ears in adults with Alzheimer’s disease related dementia (AD) as w...
Preoperative Education for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Does Reimbursement Reduction Threaten Improved Outcomes?

Abstract Background Nurse navigation programs have been previously shown to reduce cost and improve outcomes after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Medicare has proposed a 13.7% reduction in professional fee reimbursement for TJA procedures that may adversely impact providers’ and health systems’ ability to fund ancillary support resources such as nurse navigators. Methods A consecutive series of primary TJAs performed between April 2019 and February 2020 was retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and financial outcomes of patients attending a nurse navigator–led preoperative education class were compared with those who did not attend. Results There were 2057 TJAs identified during the study period. Most patients attended the preoperative education class (82.7%) and were discharged home (92.8%). Controlling for significant differences between groups, class attendance was associated with reduced length of stay (LOS), increased chance of 0- or 1-day LOS, reduced chance of discharge to a skilled nursing facility, and reduced hospital charges. For this patient sample, a proposed 13.7% reduction in nurse navigator–led classes was modeled to increase overall cost to payers by >$400,000 annually. Complete elimination of this class was estimated to increase the total annual cost by >$5,700,000 and cost per TJA by >$2700. Conclusion The use of a nurse navigator–led preoperative education class was associated with shorter LOS, more frequent 0- and 1-day LOS, reduced discharge to skilled nursing facilities, and lower total hospital charges for those patients who attended. Potential reductions proposed by Medicare may interfere with the ability to support such services and negatively impact both clinical and financial outcomes.
Abstract P418: Stroke Admissions and Outcomes Among Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer’s Disease in the National Inpatient Sample

Background/Purpose: Although cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) can manifest as separate diseases it can co-exist due to shared amyloid β pathogenic mechanisms. We asses...
Characteristics of pulmonary function in children with atypical asthma with chest tightness as chief complaint before and after bronchial provocation test

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary function in children with atypical asthma with chest tightness as the chief complaint before and after a bronchial provocation test. Methods This study included 34 children with atypical asthmas who underwent bronchial provocation test between January 2010 and December 2013. Thirty-four children with typical asthmas were selected as the control group. The pulmonary function of the atypical asthma group was examined before and after the bronchial provocation test and compared with that of the control group in the acute episode and remission stages. Results The forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow 25%, 50%, 75%(FEF25, FEF50, FEF75), and maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF75/25) in the atypical asthma group before the bronchial provocation test were(105±12)%,(104±12)%,(100±7)%,(88±13)%,(90±14)%,(81±17)%,(73±25)%, and(80±17)%, respectively; these functional indices were significantly higher than in the control group in the acute episode stage(P0.05), but were similar to those of the control group in the remission stage(P0.05). In addition, no significant difference in pulmonary indices was observed between the atypical asthma group after the bronchial provocation test and the control group in the acute episode stage(P0.05), but functional indices above were significantly lower in the atypical asthma group after the bronchial provocation test than in the control group in the remission stage and the atypical asthma group before the bronchial provocation test(P0.05). Conclusions Bronchial provocation test is useful in the diagnosis of atypical asthma in children.
Learning Generalized Strong Branching for Set Covering, Set Packing, and 0-1 Knapsack Problems

Abstract Branching on a set of variables, rather than on a single variable, can give tighter bounds at the child nodes and can result in smaller search trees. However, selecting a good set of variables to branch on is even more challenging than selecting a good single variable to branch on. Generalized strong branching extends the strong branching concepts developed for choosing a single variable to choosing a set of variables. As the computational requirements of a full implementation of strong branching are prohibitive, we use extreme gradient boosting to train a model to predict the ranking of (sets of) candidate variables. An extensive computational study using instances from three well-known classes of optimization problems demonstrates that branching on sets of variables outperforms branching on a single variable, that a learned model can be used effectively to select among (sets of) candidate variables, and that the learned strong branching strategies outperform the default branching strategy of state-of-the-art commercial solver CPLEX in terms of both the number of nodes explored in the search tree and the time it takes to explore the search tree.
Graphene-Induced Oriented Interfacial Microstructures in Single Fiber Polymer Composites

Interfacial interactions between the polymer and graphene are pivotal in determining the reinforcement efficiency in the graphene-enhanced polymer nanocomposites. Here, we report on the dynamic process of graphene-induced oriented interfacial crystals of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in the single fiber polymer composites by means of polarized optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The graphene fibers are obtained by chemical reduction of graphene oxide fibers, and the latter is produced from the liquid crystalline dispersion of graphene oxide via a wet coagulation route. The lamellar crystals of iPP grow perpendicular to the fiber axis, forming an oriented transcrystalline (TC) interphase surrounding the graphene fiber. Various factors including the diameter of graphene fibers, crystallization temperature, and time are investigated. The dynamic process of polymer transcrystallization surrounding the graphene fiber is studied in the temperature range 124–132 °C. The Lauritzen–Hof...
Consumer Behavior and Changes in the Prices of Monetary Aggregates

Today, COLA's are routinely used in labor contracts, social security and pension adjustments and in many other bilateral agreements where uncertainty about the future is part of the nego­ tiating process. Neo-classical economic theory attempted to deal with this concept through the development of the true cost-of-living index (TCLl). This will be discussed in greater detail below. This article examines the sensitivity of the cost-of-living to some aspects of price changes (and con­ sequently real income changes) that have not been analyzed before. Specifically, we examine the impact of changes in the prices of commodities and monetary aggregates on consumer preferences.
Beyond the “Foreign” Language Requirement: From a Monolingual to a Translingual Ideology in Rhetoric and Composition Graduate Education

This article links language requirements in rhetoric and composition graduate programs to a dominant monolingualist ideology in composition studies. It argues that future faculty can be best prepared to conduct disciplinary work in the context of linguistic heterogeneity through a variety of collaborative pedagogical practices that reflect and advance a “translingual” language ideology.
Neutron shielding system for the DIII-D research facility

The research program for the DIII-D tokamak has been expanded to include experiments using deuterium plasmas and deuterium neutral beams. In the absence of additional shielding, the increased radiation levels associated with these experiments are calculated to exceed the DOE (US Department of Energy) guidelines of 20 mr/yr above background at the site boundary. To minimize overall exposure, a shielding system has been installed at the DIII-D facility to completely surround the machine pit area inside the building. The design and building modifications of the shielding system are presented. The roof systems, roof drive system, the shield walls and their installation, and the shielding doors are described. >
Ionization of deae-cellulose : Dependence of pK on ionic strength

Abstract The salt dependence of the ionization of DEAE-cellulose has been investigated using potentiometric acid—base titrations. Two ionizable groups were identified. The p K of the major group was exponentially related to ionic strength. However, the minor group was very mcuh less sensitive to changes in ionic strength. The fraction of total ion-exchange sites represented by the minor group decreased with increasing salt concentrations and was insignificant in back titrations with sodium hydroxie, suggesting the elimination of structural or electrostatic barriers which otherwise sequester a significant fraction of potential ion-exchange sites which resist ionization.
Characterization of the Salmonella typhimurium pagC/pagD chromosomal region

The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system regulates Salmonella typhimurium genes that are essential to bacterial virulence and survival within macrophages. The best characterized of these PhoP-activated genes (pag) is pagC, which encodes a 188-amino-acid envelope protein (W. S. Pulkkinen and S. I. Miller, J. Bacteriol. 173:86-93, 1991). We here report the identification of four genes (pagD, envE, msgA, and envF) located 5' to pagC. Each gene is transcribed from its own promoter, two of which (msgA and pagD) were defined by primer extension analysis. Three of these genes (pagD, envE, and envF) are predicted to encode envelope proteins. The pagD gene is transcribed in a direction opposite from that of and adjacent to pagC and is positively regulated by PhoP/PhoQ. Transposon insertions within pagD and msgA attenuate bacterial virulence and survival within macrophages; however, deletion of pagD has no effect on virulence. The product of the envF gene is predicted to be a lipoprotein on the basis of the presence of a consensus lipid attachment site. The low G + C content of these genes and the homology of msgA to Shigella plasmid DNA suggest that this region may have been acquired by horizontal transmission.
The International Psychoanalytical Association and Homosexuality

SUMMARY With more than 10,000 members in 30 countries, the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) considers itself the world's primary psychoanalytic accrediting and regulatory body. Until 1998, however, the IPA had never addressed the problem of antihomosexual discrimination, even though gay people were excluded from most of its institutes and societies. Rationalizations for discrimination included: (1) “homosexuality is pathological and therefore disqualifying,” (2) “as a scientific organization the IPA should avoid political issues,” and (3) “because there is no written policy excluding homosexuals, there is no problem.” Nevertheless, recent progress was finally made when an official nondiscrimination policy was adopted by the IPA. Homosexuality has become a topic for scientific programs and newsletter dialogue, but full implementation of the policy will require an ongoing process. This article presents the history of that process to date.
Functorial semantics of rewrite theories

This paper develops a close analogy between Lawvere's functorial semantics of equational theories [21], and a similar 2-functorial semantics for rewrite theories, which specify concurrent systems and whose models are “true concurrency” models of such systems. This has the advantage of unifying within a single 2-functorial framework both models and rewrite theory morphisms. Such morphisms are used in Maude to “put rewrite theories together” in different constructions, including parameterized rewrite theory specifications.
Learning More from Political Communication Experiments: Pretreatment and Its Effects

Research on political communication effects has enjoyed great progress over the past 25 years. A key ingredient underlying these advances is the increased usage of experiments that demonstrate how communications influence opinions and behaviors. Virtually all of these studies pay scant attention to events that occur prior to the experiment—that is, in “pretreatment events.” In this article, we explore how and when the pretreatment environment affects experimental outcomes. We present two studies—one where we control the pretreatment environment and one where it naturally occurred—to show how pretreatment effects can influence experimental outcomes. We argue that, under certain conditions, attending to pretreatment dynamics leads to novel insights, including a more accurate portrait of the pliability of the mass public and the identification of potentially two groups of citizens—what we call malleability reactive and dogmatic.
Measurement of posterior tibial translation in the posterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee: significance of the shift in the reference position.

Background: The measurement of anterior or posterior tibial translation depends on the existence of a repeatable and accurate reference position of the knee from which the corresponding translation is measured.Hypothesis: Clinical measurements of posterior tibial translation alone do not accurately reflect the laxity of posterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Ten human cadaveric knees were tested by using a robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system. The reference positions and the resulting kinematics in response to a 134-N anterior-posterior tibial load were determined for the intact and reconstructed knees. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed with the graft tensioned and fixed at two different positions: 1) 90° of knee flexion with a 134-N anterior tibial load and 2) full extension with no load.Results: Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with graft fixation at full extension with no load resulted in anteri...
Duplex doppler evaluation of acute renal obstruction

Patients with possible acute renal obstruction often undergo numerous types of radiological examinations. Renal Doppler ultrasound is a quick and noninvasive way to assess for physiological and hemodynamic changes that accompany acute obstruction. The renal Doppler study may provide unique data not available from conventional sonography. Most, but not all, clinical and laboratory studies regarding Doppler of acute renal obstruction have reported encouraging results. As limitations to the Doppler examination in this clinical setting are delineated, a proper role for renal Doppler will continue to emerge.
The effects of human tear electrolytes on the viability and hydrogel colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the inorganic electrolytes present in human tear film on the viability and colonization of bacteria to hydrogels. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were used in these experiments. A D-value test was performed to investigate any bacteriostatic effect by measuring the reduction of viable test microorganisms over time when exposed to the inorganic electrolyte solution. No D-value was calculable for S. aureus in electrolyte solution whereas a D-value of 8.1 h was obtained for P. aeruginosa in electrolyte solution. The D-value data indicate that staphylococci have a greater survivability potential in a hypertonic environment than do pseudomonads. Bacterial adhesion to high water, ionic hydrogels was studied using the Modified Robbins Device (MRD). The data for P. aeruginosa recovered from the lenses showed an 82% decrease in bacterial counts in electrolyte solution as compared to bacteria incubated in control solution. In contrast there were slight increases in S. aureus counts recovered from the lenses. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 17–19.
Relaxation of gaseous spin-polarized 3He targets due to ionizing radiation.

The theory of spin-polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ relaxation due to hyperfine coupling in $^{3}\mathrm{He}^{+}$ and due to spin-rotation coupling in $^{3}\mathrm{He}_{2}^{+}$ is presented. Comparison is made between the theory and recent experiments which utilized spin-polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ as a charged-particle beam target. The theory predicts that at low He pressures applying a magnetic field significantly reduces the $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ depolarization rate due to formation of $^{3}\mathrm{He}_{2}^{+}$. At high He pressures the relaxation rate decreases with pressure. In addition, charge-transfer processes with foreign gases suppress $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ depolarization by reducing the $^{3}\mathrm{He}^{+}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{He}_{2}^{+}$ concentrations.
The 2-evader problem

Abstract It is shown that the work function algorithm for the 2-evader problem has competitive ratio m − 2 for all metric spaces with m points. This settles the k-server conjecture for metric spaces with k + 2 points.
The migration of point defects in crack tip stress fields

Abstract The equations describing material transport in the vicinity of a crack tip have been derived for a condition of plane strain and mode I loading. The analysis is extended to show that for some structures such as pressurized water reactor vessels, where structural integrity must be assured for long service life, the concentration of carbon atoms at the crack tip will increase and may lead to much higher rates of subcritical crack propagation or lower critical stress intensities than are now anticipated.