cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overview of the START(*T) multithreaded computer

The author provides an overview of the START(*T) computer system being implemented by MIT and Motorola. *T is a scalable computer architecture designed to support a broad variety of parallel programming styles, including those which use multithreading to tolerate the increases in memory latency which occur as the machine size is scaled up. The hardware uses a customized reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor with a network messaging interface and synchronization unit tightly coupled into the processor architecture. This hardware is coupled with a high-performance network having a fat-tree topology with high cross-section bandwidth. In addition, a HIPPI I/O system provides access to the world of supercomputer-class I/O devices. An innovative software architecture is layered on this hardware to produce a working system which is at its foundation a UNIX-like software environment. The software architecture specifies the structure of parallel programs and the way that they can be controlled and debugged. >
MAPPFinder: using Gene Ontology and GenMAPP to create a global gene-expression profile from microarray data

MAPPFinder is a tool that creates a global gene-expression profile across all areas of biology by integrating the annotations of the Gene Ontology (GO) Project with the free software package GenMAPP http://www.GenMAPP.org. The results are displayed in a searchable browser, allowing the user to rapidly identify GO terms with over-represented numbers of gene-expression changes. Clicking on GO terms generates GenMAPP graphical files where gene relationships can be explored, annotated, and files can be freely exchanged.
Group communication protocols under errors

Group communication protocols constitute a basic building block for highly dependable distributed applications. Designing and correctly implementing a group communication system (GCS) is a difficult task. While many theoretical algorithms have been formalized and proved for correctness, only few research projects have experimentally assessed the dependability of GCS implementations under complex error scenarios. This paper describes a thorough error-injection experimental campaign conducted on Ensemble, a popular GCS. By employing synthetic benchmark applications, we stress selected components of the GCS $the group membership service, the FIFO-ordered reliable multicast - under various error models, including errors in the memory (text and heap segments) and in the network messages. The data show that about 5-6% of the failures are due to an error escaping Ensemble's error-containment mechanism and manifesting as a fail silence violation. This constitutes an impediment to achieving high dependability, the natural objective of GCSs. Our results are derived for a particular system (Ensemble), and more investigation involving other GCSs is required to generalize the conclusions. Nevertheless, through an accurate analysis of the failure causes and the error propagation patterns, this paper offers insights into the design and the implementation of robust GCSs.
CELL SURFACE IMMUNOGLOBULIN : IV. DISTRIBUTION AMONG THYMOCYTES, BONE MARROW CELLS, AND THEIR DERIVED POPULATIONS

Thymocytes, bone marrow cells, and their derived T and B cell populations were examined for the presence of Ig by the cell surface radioiodination technique. Both IgM and IgG were identified on bone marrow cells. Thymocytes and T cells had no detectable cell surface Ig. Radiolabeling of mixtures of B cells and thymocytes suggest that the method may detect as little as 250 molecules of Ig per cell. Based on these findings, we suggest that the T cell receptor for antigen is not a conventional tetrameric Ig.
Aspects of two group concordance

A definition of concordance is derived from Rao's concept of a perfect diversity measure in order to identify aspects about which two populations of judges agree. In the case where each judge independently ranks a fixed set of items, the class of concordance measures based on the marginal distributions of the ranks is characterized by bi-affine similarity functions that measure how well pairs of judges tend to agree. This class contains population versions of several familiar indices of concordance, including Kendall's W. Concordance between two populations, refered to as intergroup concordance, is also scaled against its corresponding intragroup measures. Small sample properties of estimators of the ratio of inter-to-intra group concordance are investigated in a Monte Carlo study. An example is given to illustrate components of concordance attributable to subsets of items, and to contrast the proposed methods with previous analyses.
Subhourly Variability of Circulating Third Trimester Maternal Steroid Concentrations as a Source of Sampling Error

Seven plasma samples from five normal third trimester pregnant women, drawn every 5 and 15 min at similar times on 2 days, 2 days apart, were measured in quadruplicate for estradiol (E2), estriol, progesterone, 16α-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17P). The mean of the 22 samples obtained from each subject for each steroid was used as a reference mean. Individual determinations were converted to percentages of the reference mean which was normalized to 0%. All pregnancies were uncomplicated, and all mean values were within the normal range for gestational age. Variability about the reference mean for single samples, however, range from a low of −80% to a high of 150%. The single sample, 95% confidence intervals for individual steroids pooled from the five subjects (110 determinations) range from ±36% (E2) to ±60% (17P). Mean percentage coefficients of variation between 5-min and 15-min sampling sequences were compared by analysis of variance. There is no significant difference between the...
Comparison of Insulin-Induced Digital Vessel Ring Responses of Laminitic and Clinically Healthy Horses

Abstract Hyperinsulinemia leads to insulin resistance of blood vessels and interferes with circulation of laminae of the equine foot. The objective of the study was to compare the digital vessel responses of clinically healthy and laminitic horses with and without experimental induction of insulin resistance. Vessel segments (artery and vein) collected after euthanasia were cut into 3-mm wide rings and were prepared in tissue baths containing Tyrode solution for response studies. Two rings of each vessel type from each horse were used as nonresistant, and two were made insulin resistant. Insulin resistance was induced by incubating the rings with 10-μM bath concentration of insulin. Then, all rings were contracted with phenylephrine (5 μM). When the contraction reached a plateau, insulin (10 μM) was added, and the response monitored for 30 minutes. The response to insulin was calculated as a percentage of the phenylephrine response. The results showed that the responses of the nonresistant rings differed significantly between the groups. However, when all rings were made insulin resistant, the significance between the groups disappeared. In the laminitic group, responses of resistant and nonresistant rings did not differ, whereas in the healthy group, the vessel responses differed significantly. In all experiments, arterial and venous rings followed the same pattern, but the magnitudes were greater in arterial rings. The findings suggest that the vessel responses to insulin are altered in laminitis which could be due to insulin resistance.
The daily stress and coping process and alcohol use among college students.

Objective: To examine whether students drink more alcohol on higher-stress days than on lower-stress days; whether daily coping strategies and affective states mediate the within-person relationship between stress and drinking; and whether the daily stress-drinking process varies as a function of previously identified between-person risk factors (sex, family history, coping motives, sensation seeking, neuroticism). Method: College students (N = 137) completed daily surveys for 28 consecutive days. Results: With daily coping, affect and weekly trends in drinking controlled for, students consumed more alcohol on days that had events perceived as relatively more stressful. Students also drank more on days characterized by relatively lower problem-focused coping and relatively higher positive and negative affect. Contrary to predictions, the effect of stress on drinking was not fully mediated by coping and affect. Findings also revealed individual differences in several links in the daily stress coping-drinki...
A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Thinking for a Change A “Real-World” Application

Due to the popularity of cognitive behavioral interventions, programs that follow this model are often assumed to be effective. Yet evaluations of specific programs have been slow in coming. The current investigation seeks to bridge this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of Thinking for a Change (TFAC), a widely used cognitive behavioral curriculum for offenders. Furthermore, this evaluation provides a “real-world” test of TFAC, because it was implemented by line staff in a community corrections agency as opposed to being a pilot project implemented by program developers. The results of the analyses indicate that offenders participating in the TFAC program had a significantly lower recidivism rate than similar offenders that were not exposed to the program.
Coordinated regulation of gene expression by Brn3a in developing sensory ganglia

Mice lacking the POU-domain transcription factor Brn3a exhibit marked defects in sensory axon growth and abnormal sensory apoptosis. We have determined the regulatory targets of Brn3a in the developing trigeminal ganglion using microarray analysis of Brn3a mutant mice. These results show that Brn3 mediates the coordinated expression of neurotransmitter systems, ion channels, structural components of axons and inter- and intracellular signaling systems. Loss of Brn3a also results in the ectopic expression of transcription factors normally detected in earlier developmental stages and in other areas of the nervous system. Target gene expression is normal in heterozygous mice, consistent with prior work showing that autoregulation by Brn3a results in gene dosage compensation. Detailed examination of the expression of several of these downstream genes reveals that the regulatory role of Brn3a in the trigeminal ganglion appears to be conserved in more posterior sensory ganglia but not in the CNS neurons that express this factor.
Responsive Polymer Brushes

The review focuses on responsive/switching behavior of polymer brushes. The structure of the polymer brushes is analyzed in terms of the constitution and conformation of polymer chains. Responsive properties are widely discussed based on phase transition mechanisms in a controlled environment when changes are induced by solvent quality, temperature, concentration of ions, and interactions with liquids and solids. Potential applications of polymer brushes are also discussed.
Phase-locked loop for precisely timed acoustic stimulation during sleep.

Abstract Background A brain–computer interface could potentially enhance the various benefits of sleep. New method We describe a strategy for enhancing slow-wave sleep (SWS) by stimulating the sleeping brain with periodic acoustic stimuli that produce resonance in the form of enhanced slow-wave activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The system delivers each acoustic stimulus at a particular phase of an electrophysiological rhythm using a phase-locked loop (PLL). Results The PLL is computationally economical and well suited to follow and predict the temporal behavior of the EEG during slow-wave sleep. Comparison with existing methods Acoustic stimulation methods may be able to enhance SWS without the risks inherent in electrical stimulation or pharmacological methods. The PLL method differs from other acoustic stimulation methods that are based on detecting a single slow wave rather than modeling slow-wave activity over an extended period of time. Conclusions By providing real-time estimates of the phase of ongoing EEG oscillations, the PLL can rapidly adjust to physiological changes, thus opening up new possibilities to study brain dynamics during sleep. Future application of these methods hold promise for enhancing sleep quality and associated daytime behavior and improving physiologic function.
Evaluation of the Peanut Southern Corn Rootworm Advisory

Abstract The southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, is an annual soil insect pest of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Virginia, North Carolina, Texas, and other peanut growing states. Larvae feed on developing pods causing direct yield loss and indirect damage by allowing entry of secondary pathogens. Because southern corn rootworm is a soil pest, scouting is difficult and producers make preventive treatments without knowledge of actual pest abundance. A predictive index for southern corn rootworm injury was evaluated using 392 field case studies conducted in Virginia and North Carolina from 1997 to 2001. Factors influencing the index score (soil texture, soil drainage class, planting date, cultivar resistance, and field history of rootworm damage), and point assignments for predicting low, moderate, and high-risk fields were analyzed. The goal of this project was to determine which combination of factors provided the highest percentage of correct risk predictions. The best inde...
Revised Granite-Gabbro Age Relationships, Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen U.S.A.

Igneous activity associated with formation of the Cambrian Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen is compositionally bimodal consisting of mafic and felsic volcanic and plutonic rocks. The aulacogen is floored by an extensive substrate of layered anorthositic gabbro, the Glen Mountains Layered Complex. The layered complex was intruded by a suite of hydrous gabbros, characterized by primary amphibole and biotite, that form small plutons of the Roosevelt Gabbro Group of which the Mount Sheridan Gabbro is typical. Overlying this mafic substrate is a voluminous pile of felsic volcanics, comprised predominantly of rhyolite flows with minor tuffs and agglomerates, of the Carlton Rhyolite Group. Intrusive into the base of this volcanic pile are a series of laterally extensive but thin, amphibole-biotite alkali feldspar granite sheets of the Wichita Granite Group, of which the A-type Mount Scott Granite sheet is typical. Cross-cutting these units are a suite of basaltic dikes and rare “rhyolite” dikes that represent the final stages of igneous activity.
First-Order Predicate Logic

We turn now to the construction of a formal language L1, which adds individual variables and quantifiers over these variables to the syntactic apparatus of the language L0. In fact, this language L1 contains L0, in the sense that all the sentences of L0 will also be sentences of L1 (but not conversely), and these sentences of L0 will have to be interpreted just as before. As these new individual variables (for which we will use the symbols v1, v2, v3,…) behave syntactically just like individual constants, we will introduce the new syntactic category of individual terms (or simply terms) to include both variables and constants.
Simple Method To Prepare Oligonucleotide-Conjugated Antibodies and Its Application in Multiplex Protein Detection in Single Cells.

The diversity of nucleic acid sequences enables genomics studies in a highly multiplexed format. Since multiplex protein detection is still a challenge, it would be useful to use genomics tools for this purpose. This can be accomplished by conjugating specific oligonucleotides to antibodies. Upon binding of the oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies to their targets, the protein levels can be converted to oligonucleotide levels. In this report we describe a simple method for preparing oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies and discuss this method’s application in oligonucleotide extension reaction (OER) for multiplex protein detection. Conjugation is based on strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition (the Cu-free click reaction), in which the antibody is activated with a dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) moiety and subsequently linked covalently with an azide-modified oligonucleotide. In the functional test, the reaction conditions and purification processes were optimized to achieve maximum yield and best perform...
Ru Nanoframes with an fcc Structure and Enhanced Catalytic Properties.

Noble-metal nanoframes are of great interest to many applications due to their unique open structures. Among various noble metals, Ru has never been made into nanoframes. In this study, we report for the first time an effective method based on seeded growth and chemical etching for the facile synthesis of Ru nanoframes with high purity. The essence of this approach is to induce the preferential growth of Ru on the corners and edges of Pd truncated octahedra as the seeds by kinetic control. The resultant Pd–Ru core–frame octahedra could be easily converted to Ru octahedral nanoframes of ∼2 nm in thickness by selectively removing the Pd cores through chemical etching. Most importantly, in this approach the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure of Pd seeds was faithfully replicated by Ru that usually takes an hcp structure. The fcc Ru nanoframes showed higher catalytic activities toward the reduction of p-nitrophenol by NaBH4 and the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane compared with hcp Ru nanowires with...
Wesley Mitchell’s Business Cycles After 100 Years

This paper revisits economist Wesley Mitchell’s classic text, Business Cycles (1913), and assess its impact on economic and political thought in the years prior to the Keynesian Revolution. It describes the key contributions of the book and outlines Mitchell’s career and progression as an economist. It emphasizes the book’s influence on three groups—empirical economists, economic forecasters, and policy makers. For all three, in different ways, Mitchell’s Business Cycles seemed to offer new and exciting possibilities for measuring, predicting, and even controlling economic fluctuations.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON MUSCULAR RESPONSES OF INNER EAR ORIGIN IN RABBITS PRESSURE STIMULATION ON THE LABYRINTH

Giving compression and aspiration stimuli to the unilateral external meatus, the middle ear and the lateral semicircular canal of rabbits, labyrinthine tonic muscle responses were studied by inducing muscular potential from the surface muscle group (M. trapezius and M. splenius) and the deep muscle group (M. rectos capitis posterior minor et major and M. obliquus capitis superior) of the nape. The results obtained are as follows : I, By a minimal pressure to which a muscular response is available, clinically it develops the eye- and the head- deviation which is produced by only stimuli of the lateral semicircular canal. On electromyogram, the deep muscle group on the side of the non-stimulated ear shows increasing tonic muscle discharge by compressive stimuli, but shows the decrease by aspirative stimuli. The lateral semicircular canal shows more marked tonic muscle response than any other portions., That is, the compressive stimuli increase labyrinthine muscle tonus and facilitat laby- rinthine functions, while the aspirative stimuli decrease the former and inhibit the latter. 2. The tonic muscle responses shown by the EMG of the deep muscle group, appear earlier than ocular nystagmus does. When the nystagmus occcurs, electromyographical muscle responses are marked, but they become irregular being influenced by extra-labyrinthine factors. 3. The tonic muscle responses in the surface muscle group do not seem to be directry related with labyrinthine pressure stimuli, though a further study is required before the assumption is established, 4. The result of pressure stimuli supports the contralateral innervation theory of the musc- ular tonus of inner ear origin in the deep muscle group.
Post synaptic density (PSD) computational objects: abstrations of plasticity mechanisms from neurobiological substrates

We focus in this work on the development of a software analog of the Post Synaptic Density (PSD) structure and its use as a fundamental building block in the construction of general connectionist architectures of computational modules. Each generic computational object, hereafter referred to as a neural object, interacts with other neural objects via a PSD object which mediates information transfer between axonal and dendritic pathways. By deriving appropriate children from core classes of NEUROTRANSMITTER, RECEPTOR and PSD objects, it is possible to model very arbitrary connectionist architectures of quite varied computational nodes.
Transient-Absorption Spectroscopy of Cis–Trans Isomerization of N,N-Dimethyl-4,4′-azodianiline with 3D-Printed Temperature-Controlled Sample Holder

The laboratory unit demonstrates a project-based approach to teaching physical chemistry laboratory where upper-division undergraduates carry out a transient-absorption experiment investigating the kinetics of cis–trans isomerization of N,N-dimethyl-4,4′-azodianiline. Students participate in modification of a standard flash-photolysis spectrometer by adding a temperature-controlled sample holder. The sample holder design is open-source and can be reproduced with the 3D-printing technology. Students build the experimental setup, perform the transient spectroscopy experiment, and analyze the obtained kinetics data to estimate the activation energy, enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of cis–trans isomerization of N,N-dimethyl-4,4′-azodianiline.
The Value of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Pneumoconiosis

[Objective] To analyze the findings of the examination of 18 patients with pneumoconiosis by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to evaluate its value in diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. [ Methods ] The results of the high kV chest radiographs from 18 patients with pneumoconiosis were compared with those of HRCT from the corresponding patients. [ Results ] Among 18 cases of pneumoconiosis, 2 cases with small opacities judged based on morphology on the kV radiographs were corrected , and they are both mixed type of small opacities; 4 cases were corrected in judging the density of opacities, 2 cases of them were with light density of small opacities, other 2 cases were with condensed density due to superposition of the shadows of bronchiolitis; Augment of chest lymphatic nodules, emphysema, and some complications of pneumoconiosis may be detected more accurately. [ Conclusion ] The results of examination with combined application of high kV chest radiography with HRCT may provide more valuable information for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.
Evaluation of combining treatment for early angle-closure glaucoma:coherent krypton laser peripheral iridoplasty with Nd:YAG iridectomy

Objective To observe the different effects on IOP reduction、complications of laser process and corneal endothelial cells damage when using Nd:YAG laser iridectomy with or without 180 degree iridoplasty of coherent krypton laser as a treatment for early angle-closure glaucoma. Methods 43 patients 65 eyes of primary angle-closure glaucoma in early clinical or chronic stage with only peripheral scotoma of visual field defect were included and randomly divided into two groups. Group A (24 patients 38 eyes) underwent Nd: YAG laser iridectomy with local iridoplasty by krypton laser while group B(19 patients 27 eyes) did the combi- nation surgery of krypton laser iridoplasty around 180°Followed by Nd:YAG laser iridectomy. The results of IOP and complications as well as the number of corneal endothelial cells were recorded before and 1 hour、1 day、1 week and 4 weeks or more after surgery. Results There was no significant reduction of IOP after each method of iridectomy. No differences were found in decreasing IOP(P0.05). The incidence of complications in group B is significantly lower than those in group A.(P0.01). The number of corneal endothelial cells 1 hour and 1 day after surgery between two groups showed no significant changes(P0.05). The number of endothelial cells in two groups became decreased after 1 week、4week or longer time of irdectomy, especially in group A (P0.01). Conclusions Although there were some advantages in combination method of laser iridectomy, but no significant reduction of IOP was observed. It is very important for us to notice the continuous decreasing of corneal endothelial cells after a long time of laser surgery even though there were less damage in endothelial cells when combining two methods.
Engendering the Prefigurative: Feminist Praxes That Bridge a Politics of Prefigurement and Survival

Prefigurative politics are typically understood as experiments in living, laboring or provisioning that are alternatives to ‘what is’ and prefigure ‘what could be.’ This paper rethinks prefigurative politics, which scholars have often approached by emphasizing their economic and political structures, not the transformation of social relationships and power in these experiments. Despite this scholarly trend, many collectivities organizing around a politics of survival engage in prefigurative practices. In fact, in the process of resisting domination, they are re-imagining social relationships and power. In this paper, we draw on women of color feminist theory to explore the tensions of practicing principled politics and social justice in the deeply compromised spaces of struggle for those groups that act in the radical in-between of prefigurative politics and the politics of survival. By analyzing a reproductive justice organizing project called ‘We are BRAVE’ as a case study, we re-imagine prefigurative politics through three central elements: relationality, self-determination, and intersectionality.
Manufacturing of super-polished large aspheric/freeform optics

Several next generation astronomical telescopes or large optical systems utilize aspheric/freeform optics for creating a segmented optical system. Multiple mirrors can be combined to form a larger optical surface or used as a single surface to avoid obscurations. In this paper, we demonstrate a specific case of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST). This optic is a 4.2 m in diameter off-axis primary mirror using ZERODUR thin substrate, and has been successfully completed in the Optical Engineering and Fabrication Facility (OEFF) at the University of Arizona, in 2016. As the telescope looks at the brightest object in the sky, our own Sun, the primary mirror surface quality meets extreme specifications covering a wide range of spatial frequency errors. In manufacturing the DKIST mirror, metrology systems have been studied, developed and applied to measure low-to-mid-to-high spatial frequency surface shape information in the 4.2 m super-polished optical surface. In this paper, measurements from these systems are converted to Power Spectral Density (PSD) plots and combined in the spatial frequency domain. Results cover 5 orders of magnitude in spatial frequencies and meet or exceed specifications for this large aspheric mirror. Precision manufacturing of the super-polished DKIST mirror enables a new level of solar science.
Turning performance in a moving airstream

This paper develops the theory of turning flight in a moving air mass to explain some of the problems encountered in making downwind turns, particularly in light aircraft. Although the basic mechanics of flight and aerodynamics of the aircraft are well understood, the methods used by the pilot to control the aircraft in turning flight are less well established and can be critical in maintaining a safe flight path. In this paper the effect of the control strategy likely to be employed by a pilot flying close to the ground is used to show how the energy loss during a turn can lead to an unsafe flight path.
Ghost driver: A field study investigating the interaction between pedestrians and driverless vehicles

How will pedestrians and bicyclists interact with autonomous vehicles when there is no human driver? In this paper, we outline a novel method for performing observational field experiments to investigate interactions with driverless cars. We provide a proof-of-concept study (N=67), conducted at a crosswalk and a traffic circle, which applies this method. In the study, participants encountered a vehicle that appeared to have no driver, but which in fact was driven by a human confederate hidden inside. We constructed a car seat costume to conceal the driver, who was specially trained to emulate an autonomous system. Data included video recordings and participant responses to post-interaction questionnaires. Pedestrians who encountered the car reported that they saw no driver, yet they managed interactions smoothly, except when the car misbehaved by moving into the crosswalk just as they were about to cross. This method is the first of its kind, and we believe that it contributes a valuable technique for safely acquiring empirical data and insights about driverless vehicle interactions. These insights can then be used to design vehicle behaviors well in advance of the broad deployment of autonomous technology.
The Major Replicative Histone Chaperone CAF-1 Suppresses the Activity of the DNA Mismatch Repair System in the Cytotoxic Response to a DNA-methylating Agent.

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system corrects DNA mismatches in the genome. It is also required for the cytotoxic response of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-deficient mammalian cells and yeast mgt1Δ rad52Δ cells to treatment with Sn1-type methylating agents, which produce cytotoxic O6-methylguanine (O6-mG) DNA lesions. Specifically, an activity of the MMR system causes degradation of irreparable O6-mG-T mispair-containing DNA, triggering cell death; this process forms the basis of treatments of MGMT-deficient cancers with Sn1-type methylating drugs. Recent research supports the view that degradation of irreparable O6-mG-T mispair-containing DNA by the MMR system and CAF-1-dependent packaging of the newly replicated DNA into nucleosomes are two concomitant processes that interact with each other. Here, we studied whether CAF-1 modulates the activity of the MMR system in the cytotoxic response to Sn1-type methylating agents. We found that CAF-1 suppresses the activity of the MMR system in the cytotoxic response of yeast mgt1Δ rad52Δ cells to the prototypic Sn1-type methylating agent N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. We also report evidence that in human MGMT-deficient cell-free extracts, CAF-1-dependent packaging of irreparable O6-mG-T mispair-containing DNA into nucleosomes suppresses its degradation by the MMR system. Taken together, these findings suggest that CAF-1-dependent incorporation of irreparable O6-mG-T mispair-containing DNA into nucleosomes suppresses its degradation by the MMR system, thereby defending the cell against killing by the Sn1-type methylating agent.
Annual Spawning Migrations of Adult Atlantic Sturgeon in the Altamaha River, Georgia

AbstractThe Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus has declined throughout its range, and the species is now protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Information on the timing and extent of spawning migrations is essential for the development and implementation of effective management and recovery strategies, yet this information is lacking for most populations. The objectives of this study were to document and identify temporal and spatial patterns in the seasonal movements and spawning migrations of Atlantic Sturgeon in the South Atlantic distinct population segment. A stationary array of acoustic receivers was used to monitor the movements of 45 adults in the Altamaha River system, Georgia, from April 2011 through March 2014. Telemetry data revealed that putative adult spawners exhibited two distinct patterns of upriver migration: a spring two-step migration and a fall one-step migration. During the spring two-step migration, the adults appeared to stage in the upper Altamaha during the spring ...
Secondary Victimization in Missing Children Events

Children go missing for many reasons. However, regardless of the characteristics of the child who is missing or of the type of event that precipitated his disappearance, children who are missing are at risk for other forms of victimization, outside the mere experience of being missing. This chapter will provide a theoretical framework for thinking about these secondary victimizations along with an examination of what we know about the incidence of these types of victimization. Two key questions will be examined—to what extent does the experience of being missing increase a child’s risk for other victimization? To what extent does experiencing a secondary victimization affect the overall impact of being a missing child?
CRT-100.84 Fractional Flow Reserve Can Potentially Change Appropriate Use Classification of PCI

Appropriate use criteria (AUC) for coronary revascularization were created to improve patient selection for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but the AUC does not emphasize fractional flow reserve (FFR) as a means of determining appropriateness. Although few studies have examined national
Transgenic mice expressing IFN-gamma in the retina develop inflammation of the eye and photoreceptor loss

Purpose Inflammatory mediators such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are thought to play a role in ocular disease. Although IFN-gamma was found in the vitreous of mice with experimentally induced autoimmune uveitis, intracameral injection of this cytokine did not induce intraocular inflammation in mice. Therefore, the authors created a transgenic mouse line using the rhodopsin promoter to direct the expression of IFN-gamma in the photoreceptor cells of the retina. These mice, designated rho gamma, enabled them to model intraocular inflammatory disease. Methods The authors fused a 2.1 kb 5' Hind III fragment from the murine rhodopsin gene to the IFN-gamma gene and introduced the DNA construct into fertilized zygotes. These were implanted into pseudopregnant C57BL/6 mice, and the resulting progeny were crossed back to balb/c mice. The transgene was identified by Southern blot hybridization. Eyes from the rho gamma mice were either fixed in zinc formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or were frozen in OCT compound and processed for immunostaining using the indirect immunoperoxidase method with DAB as a chromogen. Results The rho gamma transgenic mice developed intraocular disease, manifested as intraocular cellular infiltration, loss of photoreceptors, corneal clouding, cataract formation, and epithelial and microglial proliferation. Additionally, rho gamma mice exhibited antigenic changes, comprising GFAP expression on Muller cells, accumulation of neurofilament on photoreceptors, and expression of MHC class I and class II molecules on retinal cells. Conclusions IFN-gamma alters the antigenic properties of intraocular tissue and induces intraocular inflammation in mice. The results suggest a key position of IFN-gamma in the development of pathologic conditions related to intraocular inflammation and provide a useful animal model for the further study of inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases.
The use of latex catheters to close enterocutaneous fistulas: An institutional protocol and retrospective review

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to retrospectively review an institutional protocol that uses latex catheters for the treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas (ECFs) that are resistant to simple drainage. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty-six consecutive patients with ECFs that did not close with simple abscess drainage were treated with latex catheters. These patients' charts were retrospectively reviewed to determine treatment success rates and the relationship of treatment success to clinical characteristics. RESULTS. ECFs in 26 of the 46 (56.5%) patients were treated successfully with latex catheters. On univariate analysis, the fistulas that originated from the stomach were statistically less likely to close (p = 0.03), whereas those originating from the small bowel were more likely to close (p = 0.01). The duration of treatment was significantly longer in patients for whom the treatment failed than in those who were successfully treated (p = 0.003). After a total treatment time of more than 116 da...
Enhanced Methane Dehydroaromatization via Coupling with Chemical Looping

Methane dehydroaromatization (DHA) is a desirable process for the conversion of methane in stranded natural gas to valuable and easy-to-transport liquid aromatic compounds. However, the reaction is severely limited by thermodynamics. We present a method to circumvent the thermodynamic limitation by coupling DHA with chemical looping to achieve reactive separation of H2 from the products of DHA. The proposed strategy involves a four-step cycle, i.e., DHA on the Mo/H-ZSM-5 catalyst, hydrogen removal, and regeneration on the Fe3O4/FeO redox pair, and water removal on Zeolite 5A. The feasibility of this process is validated by investigating each step individually. The results indicate that an aromatics yield up to >40% is possible with the proposed process.
Applying the unit circle constraint to the diagonally loaded minimum variance distortionless response beamformer

Adaptive beamformers (ABF) are used when estimating the direction of arrival of a narrowband planewave with a uniform line array in an environment with loud, unwanted signals. Capon's minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) suppresses interferers by steering beampattern nulls in their directions but maintains unity gain in the look direction. In practical situations, ABFs replace the ensemble covariance matrix (ECM) with a sample covariance matrix (SCM) estimated from array observations, or snapshots. If there are not enough snapshots available to average, the SCM is a poor estimate of the ECM, and may be rank deficient. Adding some diagonal loading (DL) to the SCM improves the beamformer's performance by increasing white noise gain, but may cost some in interferer suppression. Projecting the zeros of the beamformer's array polynomial onto the unit circle (UC) provides deeper nulls to suppress interferers but exhibits worse white noise behavior than DL. The UCDL beamformer adds DL to the SCM before applying UC constraint to calculate array weights that achieve better SINR than either the UC or DL beamformers alone. Even when the UCDL beamformer suffers mismatch on the DL level, the UCDL SINR rivals or betters the DL beamformer with the optimal DL level.
What's with Indiana's TSAP (transfer single articulation pathway) program: what's it all about? how does it affect me? panel discussion

The TSAPs are intended to provide Indiana's public institutions with standardized criteria for two year degree programs. The intent is to provide students completing a TSAP-compliant program resulting in an associate degree a mechanism to transfer seamlessly to a related baccalaureate program at a 4-year state educational institution.
In Retrospect: Twenty years of drying droplets.

When a particle-laden droplet evaporates on a solid surface, the particles form a ring-like deposit. The explanation for this phenomenon, provided in 1997, has led to advances in many areas of science and engineering.
Economic Myths Regarding Gay Men and Lesbians.

The present research was aimed at developing a measure of economic myths regarding the gay community. Using undergraduate (N = 332) and Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 212) samples, Study 1 resulted in...
Successful Renal Transplantation between Identical Twins with Very Brief Immunosuppression

Renal transplantation between monozygous identical twins provides an opportunity to utilize minimal immunosuppression to maintain stable allograft function, thereby alleviating the toxicities of immunosuppressive therapy. Despite monozygosity, there is a possibility of discordant protein presentation in identical twins that could trigger alloimmune response and lead to graft injury. Therefore, the optimal immunosuppression regimen in this patient population is unknown, and the safety of immunosuppression withdrawal remains controversial. Herein, we describe two patients who underwent successful renal transplantation from monozygotic identical twin donors. Monozygosity was determined using short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. All immunosuppression was successfully discontinued at 2 days and 3 weeks, respectively, after transplantation. Both patients are alive with functioning renal grafts at 1 year and 5 years after transplant, respectively. These two cases suggest that immunosuppression can be withdrawn safely and rapidly in select monozygous identical twin renal transplant recipients.
Qualitative assessment of the inferior vena cava: useful tool for the evaluation of fluid status in critically ill patients.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter change on limited transthoracic echocardiogram (LTTE) can provide a useful guide of fluid status evaluation in critically ill patients. Institutional review board ...
Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory.

Little is known about how design and testing methodologies affect the macroinvertebrate communities that are held captive in mesocosms. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 32-d test to determine how seeded invertebrate communities changed once removed from the natural stream and introduced to the laboratory. We evaluated larvae survival and adult emergence in controls from 4 subsequent studies, as well as corresponding within-river community changes. The experimental streams maintained about 80% of the invertebrates that originally colonized the introduced substrates. Many macroinvertebrate populations experienced changes in numbers through time, suggesting that these taxa are unlikely to maintain static populations throughout studies. For example, some taxa (Tanytarsini, Simuliidae, Cinygmula sp.) increased in number, grew (Simuliidae), and possibly recruited new individuals (Baetidae) as larvae, while several also completed other life history events (pupation and emergence) during the 30- to 32-d studies. Midges and mayflies dominated emergence, further supporting the idea that conditions are conducive for many taxa to complete their life cycles while held captive in the experimental streams. However, plecopterans were sensitive to temperature changes >2 °C between river and laboratory. Thus, this experimental stream testing approach can support diverse larval macroinvertebrate communities for durations consistent with some chronic criterion development and life cycle assessments (i.e., 30 d). The changes in communities held captive in the experimental streams were mostly consistent with the parallel changes observed from in situ river samples, indicating that mesocosm results are reasonably representative of real river insect communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2820-2834. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Abstract 2447: Loss of mitochondrial function and increases in levels of oxidative stress pinpointed in human lung cell cultures exposed to particulate matter from September 11, 2001

Not only did more than 2,753 individuals pass away the morning of September 11,2001, but there have been individuals suffering from mental and physical illness ever since. Thousands of individuals suffered from breathing complications, asthma, and lung cancer. Clinical trials on cancer patients, including a patient who was exposed to the World Trade Center Dust (WTCD), have seen a decrease in the progression of tumor growth with use of oral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). NADH is naturally occurring within a cell9s mitochondria and aids in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy of the cell. NADH is an anti-aging, energy enhancing, substance that also reduces fatigue and successfully treats degenerative medical conditions. NADH is becoming a possible treatment for tumor regression but it is still unknown, on a cellular level, why NADH reacts with these cells to prevent further tumor growth. In this study, the amount of NADH produced by normal MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells will be compared to lung cells exposed to World Trade Center Dust (WTCD), using a Promega NAD/NADH-Glo Assay. The same cells will be evaluated to note the decline in Glutathione to determine the amount Reactive Oxidative Species ( ROS) brought on to lung cells by WTCD. ROS can decrease GSH levels by causing oxidative stress that leads to apoptosis. It is important for the cells to maintain high levels of reduced GSH and low levels of oxidized GSH. PROMEGA GSH Glo Glutathione assay will be used to determine if the toxic, mutagenic and apoptotic effects of WTC dust can be shown as the result of oxidative stress. The cells will be exposed to various concentrations of WTCD, ranging from 25-250 ppm. It is hypothesized that the cells with the highest concentrations of this toxic particulate matter will experience the most accumulation of oxidative stress, resulting in less NAD+, being reduced to NADH, within the mitochondria and simultaneous decrease in protective antioxidants as shown in changes in levels of Glutatione. This should allow correlations to be made on a more precise cellular mechanism between exposure to this WTCD, oxidative stress, and loss of mitochondrial function seen in the diseases of the exposed first responder population. Citation Format: Ann Marie DiLorenzo, Lara Seder, Rebekah Madrid, Eric Tobias, Jonathan Ortiz, Vern Gatson. Loss of mitochondrial function and increases in levels of oxidative stress pinpointed in human lung cell cultures exposed to particulate matter from September 11, 2001 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2447.
Age-Related Decline of Anoxia Tolerance in Adult Drosophila melanogaster

Cell death occurring from anoxia is considered to be the cause of many human diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Though much is known about the cause of anoxia in such conditions, we still ha...
Decoloniality as Inversion: Decentring the West in Emancipatory Theory and Pedagogy.

ABSTRACTThis study starts from contemporary scholarship in decolonial theory as well as from the seventeenth century political thinker Guaman Poma de Ayala, whose critique of colonial society in Pe...
Oxytocin receptors in the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) bias fear learning toward temporally predictable cued fear

The inability to discriminate between threat and safety is a hallmark of stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTdl) is critically involved in the modulation of fear and anxiety, and has been proposed to regulate discrimination between signaled (cued, predictable) and unsignaled (unpredictable) threats. We recently showed that oxytocin receptors (OTRs) in the BNSTdl facilitate acquisition of cued fear measured in a fear-potentiated startle (FPS). In the current study, using in vivo microdialysis in awake male Sprague–Dawley rats, a double immunofluorescence approach with confocal microscopy, as well as retrograde tracing of hypothalamic BNST-projecting OT neurons, we investigated whether fear conditioning activates OT system and modulates OT release. To determine the role of OTR in fear memory formation, we also infused OTR antagonist or OT into the BNSTdl before fear conditioning and measured rats’ ability to discriminate between cued (signaled) and non-cued (unsignaled) fear using FPS. In contrast to acute stress (exposure to forced swim stress or foot shocks alone), cued fear conditioning increases OT content in BNSTdl microdialysates. In addition, fear conditioning induces moderate activation of OT neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and robust activation in the supraoptic and accessory nuclei of the hypothalamus. Application of OT into the BNSTdl facilitates fear learning toward signaled, predictable threats, whereas blocking OTR attenuates this effect. We conclude that OTR neurotransmission in the BNSTdl plays a pivotal role in strengthening fear learning of temporally predictable, signaled threats.