cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Refreshing Incoherence in Neoclassical Economic Theory

Neoclassical economic theory is often criticized for neglecting some essential elements in models of economic decision making. These criticisms can be categorized into external and internal ones. This paper summarizes a number of incoherence built into the models of neoclassical economic theory. One of the major weaknesses of standard teachings of economics is that students are often exposed to sanitized and uncritical exposition of economic theory as if its ‘imaginary world models’ are theoretically coherent and empirically congruent to real world capitalist order. The paper will provide a refresher of usually neglected part of standard neoclassical economic teaching. Interestingly, despite all these criticisms, economic theory has not only been able to survive but also dominate the academic intellectual world. The concluding section will argue that the answer to this puzzle lies neither in the fact that there is ‘some deeper truth’ hidden behind economic theories nor that these theories have been shown to explain the empirical realities of capitalist order, rather major reasons for the sustainability of neoclassical economics rests on the facts that (i) it continues to provide a justification for the agenda of liberal capitalism against religious social order and (ii) there is no grand alternative competing theory to microeconomics.
Group Reputation in an Open Source Software Community: Antecedents and Outcomes

Developer’s reputation in the OSS community is defined as the positive evaluations from his peers. While a large body of studies focuses on studying the importance of developers’ reputation in their participation motivations, there is still lack of understanding for two issues. First, which factors can lead to a high developer’s reputation? Second, how the reputation level in a project development group impact its project performance? In this study, we develop a theoretical model and conduct an empirical analysis in a large online open source community called as Ohloh. The results show that a developer’s reputation level is based on 1) his previous work quality, 2) his contribution percentage in previous projects, 3 )the time spent in previous projects, and 4) the number of previously participated projects. In addition, we find that the group with an overall higher level of reputation would achieve a better performance, while the individual reputation level deviation within the group would impair its performance. The implications of our findings and the future research direction are then discussed.
Aerial Oviposition Flight of Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

The aerial oviposition flight of Toxorhynchites amboinensis Doleschall is described quantitatively from videotaped behavior. Typical of the genus, the females fly counterclockwise in a sequence of ellipses (6–43) obliquely oriented to the oviposition container, until an egg is ejected on the downward flight of the final ellipse. Throughout the sequence, complex but consistent changes occur in the ellipses. Major and minor axis lengths and calculations of circumference show that ellipses are initially small. They increase rapidly in size for about the first quarter of the sequence, and remain relatively large until the final quarter, when they rapidly become smaller until the final (egg) ellipse. Ellipses become progressively flatter through most of the sequence, but with some reversal of this trend just prior to and during the egg ellipse. The angle of the major axis to horizontal diminishes progressively, as does the average flight speed (excepting the egg ellipse) and distance from the center of the oviposition dish. Individual ellipses are composed of two stages, downflight (lower, and towards the dish center) and upflight. Flight speed in each stage passes through accelerative and decelerative phases. In the larger ellipses, acceleration, maximum speed, and deceleration are greater in upflight than in downflight. In the egg ellipse, acceleration in downflight considerably exceeds that in all preceding ellipses; also, the female's abdomen swings forward through an arc of ca. 80°, causing the abdominal tip to attain a maximum speed slightly in excess of 100 cm/s, before suddenly and very rapidly decelerating when full forward extension is reached. The egg is presumed to leave the abdomen at high velocity, owing to inertial forces occurring at the start of deceleration. In two experiments to measure the trajectory angle of ejected eggs, 88.7 and 97.7% of eggs, respectively, were thrown within a 24° arc 48–72° relative to vertical, which caused most eggs to be directed at the junction between the bottom of the dish and its vertical edge. The special problems posed by aerial oviposition, possible mechanisms of orientation during the ellipse sequence, and the significance of the trajectory arc are discussed.
Technological Innovation Strategy and Capital Operation Strategy

Enterprises attach great importance to the strategies of development,which somewhat decide their failure or success.However,currently many Chinese enterprises go wrong with their strategies,which sometimes lead them to bankrupcy.This is mainly because they make serious mistakes in the course of designing and implementing their strategies.
37 METHYLATION PHARMACOGENOMICS: DATABASE MINING TO IDENTIFY NOVEL HUMAN SMALL MOLECULE AND PROTEIN METHYLTRANSFERASES

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methylation is an important pathway in the methylation of many drugs, other xenobiotics, neurotransmitters and hormones. Macromolecules such as proteins, RNA and DNA can also be methylated. It has been estimated that from 1 to 3% of human genes encode methyltransferase (MT) enzymes. In the present study, we set out to use a database mining strategy to identify human genes encoding small molecule and protein MTs. Our first step was to search human genome databases with amino acid sequences for 18 known and 17 putative human MTs. Specifically, we performed tBLASTN searches with these 35 protein sequences against 25 refseq databases (Chr1-22, X, Y, and Un). That process resulted in 18,499 hits. A series of filters was then applied for E-values of
Psychosomatic medicine and the diagnostic process.

Prevalent medical attitudes and practices in diagnosis are more important in causing unsatisfactory handling of emotional factors in illness than are limitations of the doctor s time and knowledge of psycho-dynamics.Failure to clarify the patient's complaints is a common but unrecognized block to simplification of diagnosis and treatment. Suggestions are offered to help toward better understanding of the patient and his complaints.
Maternal immunity to red cell antigens and fetal transfusion.

This article presents a review of developments in the prevention and treatment of maternal alloimmunization in the last decade. The importance of aggressive immunoprophylaxis is reviewed in light of continued failure to administer immunoprophylaxis in indicated situations. The spectrum of anti-D alloimmunization and alloimmimization to other red cell antigens is reviewed, and the important features of alloantibodies resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn are discussed. New methods of monitoring the alloimmunized pregnancy, including monocyte monolayer assays, ultrasound, and direct fetal blood sampling are detailed. Finally, methods of treatment including plasma exchange, fetal umbilical cord transfusion, intravenous immunoglobulin, and promethazine hydrochloride are reviewed in detail.
Esophageal function after successful repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: A manometric and cinefluorographic study

Summary Nine patients, 14 to 19 years of age, were studied after successful repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Each patient was interviewed clinically and underwent esophageal motility and cinefluorographic studies as well as a Hollander test. Eight of the 9 patients had an excellent clinical result. All showed a characteristic esophageal motility disorder consisting of an aperistaltic segment beginning 1 to 4 cm. below the pharyngoesophageal sphincter and extending 6 to 15 cm. down the esophagus. Both esophageal sphincters were normal. Theories of etiology are discussed, and we believe that surgical trauma to esophageal branches of the vagus nerve is the responsible mechanism. We are grateful to Dr. C. F. Code and Mr. J. F. Schlegel for help in analyzing the esophageal motility data.
The effect of peers’ self-regulation on preschooler's self-regulation and literacy growth

Abstract Peer effects, or the effect of peer skill levels on an individual's skills, are important predictors of school achievement, with recent research suggesting that they are also predictive of preschool skills. This study investigates the effect of peer levels of self-regulation on two aspects of school readiness: self-regulation and early literacy; and whether peer effects differ based on individual child skills and sex. Peer effects were assessed for 629 preschool children in 56 classrooms. Utilizing multilevel models within a structural equation modeling framework, peer self-regulation predicted self-regulation and letter word decoding growth, but not letter word knowledge. This suggests that peers can play a role in children's individual learning. Additionally, girls demonstrated higher spring self-regulation than boys. Peer effects were more predictive of spring self-regulation for children with low, rather than high, levels of fall self-regulation. These findings highlight the importance of preschool social/interactional environments.
Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Human CD8 T Suppressor Cells.

Bidirectional interactions between dendritic cells (DC) and Ag-experienced T cells initiate either a tolerogenic or immunogenic pathway. The outcome of these interactions is of crucial importance in malignancy, transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. Blockade of co-stimulation results in the induction of T helper cell anergy and subsequent differentiation of antigen specific CD8+ T suppressor/regulatory cells (Ts). Ts. Primed in the presence of inhibitory signals exert their inhibitory function in an antigen specific manner, a feature with tremendous clinical potential. In transplantation or autoimmunity, antigen specific Ts can enforce tolerance to auto- or alloantigens, while otherwise leaving the immune response to pathogens uninhibited. Alternatively, blockade of inhibitory receptors results in the generation of cytolytic CD8+ T cells (CTL), which is vital towards defense against tumors and viral diseases. Because CD8 T cells are MHC Class I restricted, they are able to recognize HLA-bound antigenic peptides presented not only by APC, but also on parenchymal cells, thus eliciting or suppressing auto- or allo- immune reactions.
Comparison of stability between a modular intraocular lens system and a single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens

Purpose To compare the movement of a modular intraocular lens (IOL) with that of a standard single-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOL in a human cadaver eye perfusion model. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods Eight phakic human donor eyes of 4 patients had standard phacoemulsification with lens removal. One of 2 IOLs was then implanted in the capsular bag: a modular IOL (Harmoni) or a standard single-piece IOL (Acrysof SN60). Each globe was connected to a programmable perfusion pump with an in-line pressure transducer. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was used to evaluate the anterior chamber depth (ACD) in each eye, measuring from the posterior cornea to the anterior surface of the optic at an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 5 mm Hg, 10 mm Hg, 20 mm Hg, and 30 mm Hg. Five consecutive measurements were recorded for all eyes at each pressure, and the results were averaged. Results There was significantly less movement in eyes with the modular IOL than in eyes with the single-piece IOL. The mean position of the modular IOL varied from a minimum of 0.03 mm to a maximum of 0.07 mm, and the mean position of the single-piece IOL varied from a minimum of 0.26 mm to a maximum of 0.87 mm ( P = .002). Conclusions The modular IOL showed less movement with changes in IOP than a standard single-piece IOL. Improved IOL stability might allow more accuracy in determining the effective lens position and hence improve the predictability of the refractive target. Financial Disclosure Proprietary or commercial disclosures are listed after the references.
1973 The Red Queen

Evolutionary arms races are self-perpetuating, with each species countering other species’ innovations with its own innovations. A predator species that evolves to run faster selects for prey that, in turn, either run faster or are more evasive. Response and counter-response give the appearance of running in place, with neither species making gains over the other.
Patient Strategies as Active Adaptation: Understanding Patient Behaviors During an Emergency Visit

Although the ability of patients to access their health information during ongoing care is considered crucial for better health outcomes and increased satisfaction, the current care model places patients in a passive role. To investigate the patient experience in the hospital environment where information is lacking and in accessible, we conducted an ethnographic study with patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers in the emergency care setting. We report the three types of information breakdowns ED patients encountered during their emergency visits and the strategies they developed to cope. Our findings reveal a rich picture of the coping mechanisms ED patients use to proactively adapt to the nature of the ED care context. This work expands upon our understanding of the unique information challenges ED patients face, as well as the important adapting behaviors they engage in; it also uncovers design opportunities for supporting crucial, yet unmet, patient information needs.
Harmonizing Law in an Era of Globalization: Convergence, Divergence and Resistance

The essays in this book highlight the most important ways in which domestic, international, public, and private legal systems interact with each other. The initial essays provide a theoretical overview of the study of legal harmonization - that is, of the nature and character of communication, accommodation, amalgamation, or resistance among legal systems. These interactions occur within horizontal relationships, between political institutions operating at the same level of authority. Vertical relationships between political institutions whose relationships are hierarchical have given rise to different patterns of interaction. New legal orders are being created through the adoption of international legal instruments that may reach nation-states, private entities, and individuals. Each has the potential for significantly affecting the sources of authority over public and private actors. Other essays illustrate the many ways in which communication between legal systems produce very real, if very different, effects across the world. A descriptive Preface, table of contents, contributor list and table of cases is included for download.
Coping with and Hoping Through Faith Despite Economic Circumstances

This chapter begins with vignettes from primary data collection of two case study churches that illustrate the diversity of the religious landscape of Macon County. Because theology undergirds the churches’ economic ethics, this chapter demonstrates how theological commitments have implications for the specific shape that economic ethics takes in churches. It concludes that the current accommodationist economic ethics are ill equipped to address persistent poverty or to help catalyze real structural change for economically deprived populations in the USA. This chapter employs Lincoln and Mamiya’s characterization of the Black church’s economic ethics as being polarized between liberation and accommodation . It draws on social scientific data to situate black Christian economic ethics in the rural south —a context shaped by race , region, and a rural ethos.
Better safe than sorry - Emergency knowledge and preparedness in the German population

Abstract Emergency situations require immediate reaction in order to mitigate their negative effects. Being prepared for an emergency entails having preparedness measures present. The present study investigated the impact of socio-demographic and emergency factors (i.e., experience, risk perception, perceived and objective emergency knowledge) on fire and medical emergency related preparedness. A telephone survey was conducted in a representative German sample (N = 2225). Results revealed that both objective and perceived knowledge increased the likelihood not only for adopting preparedness measures but also for their consideration. The impact of socio-demographic variables on preparedness varied among the respective preparedness items with a greater impact of collective factors (e.g. people in the household, children, marital status) as compared to individual factors like age and gender. The need for safety trainings and their repetition is discussed.
Person-Oriented Recovery of Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: A Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Findings.

Objective:Although there is significant literature examining changes over time in the functional recovery of people with serious mental illnesses, relatively little is known about the longitudinal ...
Intermodulator: Interactive Audio-visual System for Collaborative Improvisation

This paper describes an interactive installation called 'Intermodulator' that generates diverse patterns of moire image through participants' collaborative and improvisational sound engagement. This installation is comprised of ordinary box fans, backlights, and microphones. The custom-designed system enables the speed of the individual fans and the brightness of the backlights to interact with different live sound inputs. When a certain resonance and tension are achieved between these input sounds, the installation produces seemingly stationary or moire images of the fans. The main contribution of this installation is to suggest an experiential space where participants can (a) produce artistic audio-visual performances through collaborative improvisation, and (b) empirically explore the key features of collaborative improvisation that promote creativity and learning. This paper introduces the concept, background, and technical details of the project, and proposes its site-specific version for Satosphere Dome at the SAT.
Developing image sets for inducing obsessive-compulsive checking symptoms.

Abstract Visual stimuli are often used for obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom provocation in research studies. We tested the induction of anxiety and OC checking symptoms across different types of checking provocation stimuli in three populations: individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), individuals with checking symptoms but without a diagnosis of OCD, and control individuals with neither checking symptoms nor a clinical diagnosis. One set of provocative images depicted objects that are commonly associated with checking anxiety. Another set (‘enhanced provocative images’) depicted similar objects but also included contextual cues suggesting a specific harmful scenario that could occur. As expected, the enhanced provocative images were more effective at inducing anxiety and OC symptoms than the standard provocative images. Future studies requiring checking symptom provocation should therefore consider incorporating similarly suggestive images. Individuals with clinical OCD reported the greatest provocation in response to these images, followed by those with nonclinical checking, followed by control individuals. Thus, these stimuli are able to provoke OC checking symptoms and anxiety differentially across groups, with the intensity of provocation reflecting diagnostic status. All groups demonstrated a similar qualitative pattern of provocation across images. Finally, in all groups, reported anxiety closely tracked intrusive thoughts and checking urges.
A Wandering Aramean in Pharaoh’s Court: The Literary Relationship Between Abram’s Sojourn in Egypt in 1QapGen 19-20 and Jewish Fictional Literature

The Abram in Egypt episode in the Genesis Apocryphon has been the subject of several studies which have focused upon its status as an example of “rewritten scripture” and its reclamation of the character of Abram from Genesis 12:10-20. This article attempts to assess not only the redemption of Abram’s character in the Genesis Apocryphon, but also the reconfiguration of the entire Abram in Egypt episode through the use of several literary techniques and tropes common to ancient Jewish fictional literature. This study argues that by remaking the entire episode of Abram’s sojourn in Egypt, the author of the Apocryphon not only transforms Abram into a Jewish hero in the midst of a foreign empire, but also creates a more attractive and meaningful narrative appealing to the literary predilections and tastes of a Hellenistic Jewish audience.
Summarizing and mining Skewed data streams

Many applications generate massive data streams. Summarizing such massive data requires fast, small space algorithms to support post-hoc queries and mining. An important observation is that such streams are rarely uniform, and real data sources typically exhibit significant skewness. These are well modeled by Zipf distributions, which are characterized by a parameter, z, that captures the amount of skew. We present a data stream summary that can answer point queries with e accuracy and show that the space needed is only O(e−min{1,1/z}). This is the first o(1/e) space algorithm for this problem, and we show it is essentially tight for skewed distributions. We show that the same data structure can also estimate the L2 norm of the stream in o(1/e) space for z > 12 , another improvement over the existing Ω(1/e) methods. We support our theoretical results with an experimental study over a large variety of real and synthetic data. We show that significant skew is present in both textual and telecommunication data. Our methods give strong accuracy, significantly better than other methods, and behave exactly in line with their analytic bounds.
User-Driven Semantic Wiki-based Business Service Description

A key factor for success of companies operating in a globalized market environment is a modern SOA-based infrastructure. An essential component of a SOA infrastructure is the central service registry. Current standards for organizing service registries and their implementations are driven by the technical aspects of the infrastructure. When using such technically organized service registries, business users often fail to find the needed information. With the concepts of Web 2.0 in mind, we present a new approach to the organization and implementation of the business registries that are driven by the needs of business users. The paper discusses the problems of the current technically driven approaches, presents an architecture for a business user-driven service registry and introduces an implementation of the architecture using UDDI and Semantic MediaWiki.
Identifying alternative splicing isoforms in the human proteome with small proteotranscriptomic databases

Advances in next-generation sequencing have led to the discovery of many alternative splice isoforms at the transcript level, but the protein-level existence of most of these isoforms remains unknown. To survey the landscape of protein alternative isoform expression in the human proteome, we developed a proteotranscriptomics tool and workflow, which filters RNA sequencing data by junction reads before translating splice junctions into amino acid sequences. We further limit in silico sequence translation strictly to a single phase to reduce false positives in splice junction identification at the protein level. In total, we re-analyzed public RNA sequencing datasets and constructed custom FASTA databases from 10 human tissue types (heart, lung, liver, pancreas, ovary, testis, colon, prostate, adrenal gland, and esophagus). We used the custom database to identify splice junction peptides in proteomics datasets from the same 10 human tissues as well as 19 cardiac anatomical regions and cell types. We identified a total of 1,984 protein isoforms including 345 unique splice-specific peptides not currently documented in common proteomics databases. The proteotranscriptomics approach using restricted sequence databases described here may help reveal previously unidentified alternative protein isoforms, and aid in the study of alternative splicing at the proteome level.
Palladium Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Fluoro-(hetero)arenes

Palladium catalyzed hydrodefluorination was developed for fine-tuning the properties of fluoro-(hetero)aromatic compounds. The robust reaction can be set up in air, requires only commercially avail...
Novel and programmatic improvements to the workflow associated with the AccuBoost breast brachytherapy procedure.

Abstract Purpose While the noninvasive breast brachytherapy (NIBB) treatment procedure, known as AccuBoost, for breast cancer patients is well established, the treatment quality can be improved by the efficiency of the workflow delivery. A formalized approach evaluated the current workflow through failure modes and effects analysis and generated insight for developing new procedural workflow techniques to improve the clinical treatment process. Methods and Materials AccuBoost treatments were observed for several months while gathering details on the multidisciplinary workflow. A list of possible failure modes for each procedure step was generated and organized by timing within the treatment process. A team of medical professionals highlighted procedural steps that unnecessarily increased treatment time, as well as introduced quality deficiencies involving applicator setup, treatment planning, and quality control checks preceding brachytherapy delivery. Procedural improvements and their impact on the clinical workflow are discussed. Results The revised clinical workflow included the following key procedural enhancements. Prepatient arrival: Improvement of prearrival preparation requires advance completion of dose calculation documentation with patient-specific setup data. Patient arrival pretreatment: Physicists carry out dwell time calculations and check the plan, while the therapist concurrently performs several checks of the ensuing hardware configuration. Treatment: An electronic method to export the associated HDR brachytherapy paperwork to the electronic medical record system with electronic signatures and captured approvals was generated. Posttreatment: The therapist confirms the applicators were appropriately positioned, and treatment was delivered as expected. Conclusions The procedural improvements reduced the overall treatment time, improved consistency across users, and eased performance of this special procedure for all participants.
DNA methylome and transcriptome alterations and cancer prevention by triterpenoid ursolic acid in UVB-induced skin tumor in mice

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common type of skin cancers. Major risk factors for NMSCs include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpenoid enriched in blueberries and herbal medicinal products, and possess anticancer activities. This study focuses on the impact of UA on epigenomic, genomic mechanisms and prevention of UVB-mediated NMSC. CpG methylome and RNA transcriptome alterations of early, promotion and late stages of UA treated on UVB-induced NMSC in SKH-1 hairless mice were conducted using CpG methyl-seq and RNA-seq. Samples were collected at weeks 2, 15, and 25, and integrated bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify key pathways and genes modified by UA against UVB-induced NMSC. Morphologically, UA significantly reduced NMSC tumor volume and tumor number. DNA methylome showed inflammatory pathways IL-8, NF-κB, and Nrf2 pathways were highly involved. Antioxidative stress master regulator Nrf2, cyclin D1, DNA damage, and anti-inflammatory pathways were induced by UA. Nrf2, cyclin D1, TNFrsf1b, and Mybl1 at early (2 weeks) and late (25 weeks) stages were identified and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In summary, integration of CpG methylome and RNA transcriptome studies show UA alters antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer pathways in UVB-induced NMSC carcinogenesis. Particularly, UA appears to drive Nrf2 and its upstream/downstream genes, anti-inflammatory (at early stages) and cell cycle regulatory (both early and late stages) genes, of which might contribute to the overall chemopreventive effects of UVB-induced MNSC. This study may provide potential biomarkers/targets for chemoprevention of early stage of UVB-induced NMSC in human.
Contributions at the La and Sn--In sites to superconductivity and magnetism in LaSn/sub x/In/sub 3-x/alloys

The bulk properties of the LaSn x In3−x ternary alloys have been found to have a strong, somewhat oscillatory dependence upon the electron/atom (e/a) ratio.1-4 The superconducting transition temperature TT varies from 0.68°K in LaIn3 to a minimum at x = 0.375, a maximum of 1.3°K at x = 1.5, a second minimum at x = 2.3 and a rapid rise to 6.55°K in LaSn3.1−3 The bare electronic density of states N(0) determined from specific heat measurements (after correction for the electron—phonon enhancement factor) has the same qualitative variation with composition.2,3 The normal-state magnetic susceptibility x varies between paramagnetic and diamagnetic behavior in a complex fashion, but in a rough way it also appears to correlate with composition not unlike N(0) and T c .2,3.5 As Havinga et al.1 have shown, this type of oscillatory behavior with the e/a ratio is fairly typical of the alloys of the form MA x B3−x which exist in the AuCu3 phase (M = IIIB transition metal and A, B = Sn, In, Pb, TI).
The associations of self-stigma, social constraints, and sleep among Chinese American breast cancer survivors

The aim of the current study was to examine the incidence of poor sleep quality, medication use, and dysfunction and the association of self-stigma and perceived social constraints (i.e., ambivalence over emotional expression; AEE) on sleep among a sample of Chinese American breast cancer survivors. The data were based on self-report baseline data (n = 136) from an expressive writing intervention study for Chinese American breast cancer survivors (MTime since diagnosis = 27.17 months; SD = 19.31). Participants completed self-report questionnaires related to psychological and physical health and health behaviors. Using linear regression and path modeling, our hypotheses were tested using models where (1) self-stigma predicted sleep characteristics (i.e., quality, medication use, and dysfunction) with (2) AEE mediating the relationship between self-stigma and sleep. Participants frequently reported poor sleep quality (44.9%), use of sleep aids (37.5%), and difficulty staying awake during the day (37.5%). Greater self-stigma was related to greater AEE (b = .48, SE = .09, p < .05), which was related to worse sleep quality (b = − .19, SE = .08, p < .05), greater use of sleep aids (b = .25, SE = .11, p < .05), and greater difficulty staying awake during the day (b = .30, SE = .09, p < .05). Further, the indirect effect of self-stigma on sleep quality (ab = − .09, 95% CI − .19, − .03), use of sleep aids (ab = .12, 95% CI .03, .25), and difficulty staying awake during the day (ab = .15, 95% CI .06, .18) through AEE was significant. The results of this study highlight significant sleep-related problems among Chinese American breast cancer survivors and the importance of considering cultural beliefs of cancer in counseling. Chinese American breast cancer survivors are at risk for sleep-related difficulties due, in part, to perceived self-stigma and emotional constraints. Greater education and community outreach to Chinese communities may help destigmatize breast cancer and encourage emotional expression around cancer-related topics.
Inverse associations between parasympathetic activity and cognitive flexibility in African Americans: Preliminary findings.

Abstract Previous research suggests that vagal activity and executive function (EF) are positively associated. However, existing data exploring the relationship between HRV and EF remains limited. Though Blacks may have higher HRV, they remain underrepresented in previous research examining HRV and EF. The current study aimed to determine the relationship between EF and HRV in a sample of 92 Black undergraduates (Mean age = 20.32, SD = 2.28). Participants wore an 6‑lead ambulatory electrocardiographic impedance monitoring system to obtain the root mean square of interbeat interval differences (rMSSD) and Cardiac Sympathetic Index. After baseline autonomic activity assessment, participants completed the Berg Card Sorting Test. Utilizing hierarchical regression analyses, HRV was negatively associated with correct responses (Beta = −0.40, SE = 0.04, p=0.01) and categories experienced (Beta = −0.37, SE = 0.01, p=0.01), and positively associated with total errors (Beta = 0.39, SE =0.04, p=0.01). To further elucidate these findings, participants were assigned to coinhibition (n = 12), parasympathetically dominant (n = 34), sympathetically dominant (n = 35), or coactivation (n = 11) autonomic space subgroups. Participants in the sympathetically dominant subgroup completed more categories (M = 6.86, SD = 2.13) and committed fewer errors (M = 30.63, SD = 11.53) than their parasympathetic counterparts (M = 5.74, SD = 2.44; M = 43.29, SD = 18.83, respectively). This study suggests that a state of sympathetic arousal immediately prior to the administration of an EF task, may aid in better task performance.
Acute appendicitis in four children with SARS-CoV-2 infection

We describe 4 children (11-17 years in age) at our institution with acute appendicitis in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting a possible association. Providers should consider testing for this infection in patients with severe gastrointestinal symptoms, in order to take appropriate transmission based precautions, until more is understood.
The Role of Agriculture for Income and Employment in Bulgarian Rural Areas

The role of agriculture for increasing the well-being of the rural communities has been a major issue in the economic literature and agricultural policy development. It is highly accepted that the agricultural industry plays a major role for providing jobs, business opportunities, incomes and safety net for both professional farmers and rural population. Although in the recent 2 decades EU dedicated a lot of efforts to diversify the rural economy and to provide other alternatives for employment and incomes, and to improve the territorial balance at the urban-rural axis, the agriculture is still the staple industry for rural areas. Meanwhile, the rural areas are characterized with higher unemployment rate compared to the national averages whereas the agriculture very often faces problems hiring not just qualified working force but also non-professional seasonal labour, which is denoted as “unemployment paradox”. The main goal of this research is to analyse how the changes in production structure of Bulgarian agriculture weigh on the employment development and income growth in the rural areas and why relatively high unemployment in rural areas co-exists with demand of labour in the agriculture –“unemployment paradox”. The analysis also aims to determine the current and prospective contribution of agriculture to the income development and employment opportunities in the Bulgarian rural areas. It also analyses the importance of the higher incomes in the rural areas for the labour intensive sectors – such as vegetable production and dairy farming. The main results confirm the interconnection between agriculture and income in the rural areas. Although the unemployment rates are not directly correlated to the shift in the Bulgarian production structure, it is still one of the main factors that is strongly correlated with labour productivity and demand of labour in the rural areas.
ANALYSIS OF F AND G SUBDWARFS. III. AN ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS OF THE SUBDWARF $mu$ CASSIOPEIA.

Model atmosphere abundance analysis of subdwarf mu Cassiopeia by measuring spectral line widths and comparing with sun
Adapting the serious illness conversation guide for use in the emergency department by social workers.

Objective Although important treatment decisions are made in the Emergency Department (ED), conversations about patients' goals and values and priorities often do not occur. There is a critical need to improve the frequency of these conversations, so that ED providers can align treatment plans with these goals, values, and priorities. The Serious Illness Conversation Guide has been used in other care settings and has been demonstrated to improve the frequency, quality, and timing of conversations, but it has not been used in the ED setting. Additionally, ED social workers, although integrated into hospital and home-based palliative care, have not been engaged in programs to advance serious illness conversations in the ED. We set out to adapt the Serious Illness Conversation Guide for use in the ED by social workers. Methods We undertook a four-phase process for the adaptation of the Serious Illness Conversation Guide for use in the ED by social workers. This included simulated testing exercises, pilot testing, and deployment with patients in the ED. Results During each phase of the Guide's adaptation, changes were made to reflect both the environment of care (ED) and the clinicians (social workers) that would be using the Guide. A final guide is presented. Significance of results This report presents an adapted Serious Illness Conversation Guide for use in the ED by social workers. This Guide may provide a tool that can be used to increase the frequency and quality of serious illness conversations in the ED.
The nonulosaminic acids; neuraminic acids and related compounds (sialic acids).

Publisher Summary The members of the group, neuraminic acid and its higher acylated derivatives, the so-called “sialic acids,” are found widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom in mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, and lipopolysaccharides (mucolipids)-very often in association with D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine. Generically, they may be designated nonulosaminic acids; or, more precisely, amino-carboxy-deoxynonuloses, since they possess a keto group in addition to an amino and a carboxyl group. The name “neuraminic acid” was first given to the monomethoxy compound, isolated after the methanolysis of gangliosides, and was then subsequently transferred to the methoxyl-free, parent acid. The name “sialic acid” has been given to the several nonulosaminic acids isolated from the submaxillary mucoproteins, although the chemical composition of these varies with the species source. Like other naturally occurring amino sugars, the nonulosaminic acids are not present in Nature in the free-state to any appreciable extent. They are found, together with hexoses, combined in mucolipids and mucoproteins from animal sources. These mucosubstances may also contain an appreciable content of D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine.
Economies in Transition: Revisiting Challenges to Quality of Life

“Economies in Transition” consist of 31 countries that are in the process of transitioning from centrally planned economies and autocratically controlled political systems to free market economies and democratic forms of political governance. EITs are located in all regions of the world and include (1) the successor states to the former Soviet Union, including the Russian Federation (N = 12), (2) the countries of Central and Eastern Europe that functioned under direct Soviet control (N = 10), (3) the Baltic States of Northern Europe (N = 3), (4) Turkey (N = 1), and (5) selected countries of East and Southeast Asia (N = 5). The combined population of the EITs account for approximately 28% of the world’s total. The present chapter is the third in a series of reports on the EITs prepared by this author since the collapse of the former Soviet Union in December 1991 (Estes, Trends in world social development. Praeger, New York, 1998; Social Indicators Research 83:375–411, 2007). The time-series analysis that makes up the core of the chapter uses the author’s statistically Weighted Index of Social Progress for analyzing EIT development trends for three time periods, i.e., 1990, 2000, and 2010. Data are reported for four levels of analysis: (1) development trends occurring within the EITs vis-a-vis those of other geopolitical groupings of nations, (2) social patterns for the EITs as a group, (3) EIT subgroup variations in development, and (4) development trends occurring in each of the 31 EITs. The chapter identifies a range of policy implications for use in accelerating the pace of development over the near term within the EITs, but especially within the subgroup of EIT “Middle Performing Countries.”
Chronic Pelvic Pain

Pelvic pain is a common but clinically challenging problem seen among adolescents. Dysmenorrhea and endometriosis are frequent gynecologic causes of pelvic pain; however, gastrointestinal, urologic, and musculokeletal conditions can mimic pain of gynecologic origin. Initial therapy is aimed at treating the underlying condition. Nonsteroidal medications, antidepres-sants and anticonvulsants are sometimes used in the treatment of pelvic pain. Patients who continue to experience pain may benefi t from a multidiscipli-nary treatment approach consisting of medication trials, cognitive-behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and complementary and alternative therapies.
Documenting changes in the physical condition of the U.S. declaration of independence, constitution, and bill of rights. The charters monitoring system

Abstract In February 1987, after $3.3 million and five years development by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Perkin-Elmer Company, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) installed a charge coupled device (CCD) camera and image processing system to monitor the condition of the Charters of Freedom ( Declaration of Independence, Constitution , and Bill of Rights ). The system, called the Charters Monitoring System, is capable of comparing the pattern of one image with another to facilitate the detection of any changes that may occur on a document. What lead NARA to seek a high-tech method of keeping watch over the Charters and how well it works are questions addressed.
Democratizing the Enemy: The Japanese American Internment

LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES xi PREFACE xiii ABBREVIATIONS xvii Introduction 1 PROLOGUE: Beyond Civil Rights 13 CHAPTER ONE: Governors and Their Advisers, 1918-1942 16 CHAPTER TWO: The Governed: Japanese Americans and Politics, 1880-1942 40 CHAPTER THREE: Establishing the Structures of Internment, from Limited to Mass Internment, 1942-1943 76 CHAPTER FOUR: The Liberal Democratic Way of Management, 1942-1943 107 CHAPTER FIVE: "Why Awake a Sleeping Lion?" Governance during the Quiet Period, 1943-1944 148 CHAPTER SIX: "Taking Away the Candy": Relocation, the Twilight of the Japanese Empire, and Japanese American Politics, 1944-1945 180 CHAPTER SEVEN: The Long Shadow of Internment 207 EPILOGUE: Toward Human Rights 219 NOTES 223 A NOTE ON SOURCES 295 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 305 INDEX 309
Thinking About Different Nonexistents of the Same Kind: Reid's Account of the Imagination and its Nonexistent Objects

How is it that, as fiction readers, we are nonplussed by J. K. Rowling's prescription to imagine Ronan, Bane, and Magorian, three different centaurs of the Forbidden Forrest at Hogwarts? It is usually held in the philosophical literature on fictional discourse that singular imaginings of fictional objects are impossible, given the blatant nonexistence of such objects. In this paper, I have a dual purpose: (i) on the one hand, to show that, without being committed to Meinongeanism, we can explain the phenomenon of singular imaginings of different nonexistents of the same (fictional) kind; (ii) while, at the same time, to attribute this position to Thomas Reid, thus correcting some misunderstandings of his view on imagination.
Rollout algorithms: an overview

We review recent progress and open issues in the approximate solution of deterministic and stochastic optimization problems using rollout algorithms. These algorithms start with a heuristic policy and try to improve on that policy using on-line learning and simulation. They are related to dynamic programming and they are based on policy iteration ideas. Their attractive aspects are simplicity, broad applicability, and suitability for on-line implementation. While they do not aspire to optimal performance, rollout algorithms typically result in a consistent and substantial improvement over the underlying heuristic.
Computing Technology in Global Humanitarian Research

This paper offers a look at computing technology as it supports global research in health, education, governance and other humanitarian domains. Computing technologies include mobile and web platforms for research tools, data collection tools, data coordinating centers that bring global information together for analysis, and more. Subject areas include the study of health behaviors, establishing good practices for sub-governance, interventions for social well-being and evaluating educational levels. The paper discusses in brief the selection and usefulness of specific technologies, some of the challenges involved in research around the world, and the value of the resulting information.
Solution-Focused Therapy in the South Texas Borderlands

Solution-focused approaches have received increasing attention in the mental health literature over the last twenty years (de Shazer, 1985; Gingerich & Eisengart, 2000; Macdonald, 2007; Metcalf, 1995; O'Hanlon & Weiner-Davis, 1989; Walter & Peller, 1992). Although Latinas/os are receiving more attention in the mental health literature (Arredondo, 2004; Santiago-Rivera, Arredondo, & Gallardo-Cooper, 2002), little has been written about the experiences of solution-focused therapy within a U.S.–Mexico border community specifically. It is suggested here that aspects of solution-focused therapy may be particularly helpful for culturally diverse populations whose experiences are often marginalized in mainstream society. The current article describes the experiences of counseling students implementing solution-focused therapy with clients from a Texas-Mexico border community.
Unbundling the local loop: a cost/benefit analysis for developing nations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the costs and benefits of local loop unbundling with an eye toward determining whether developing countries should pursue this strategy despite the significant controversy it has generated in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines arguments for and against local loop unbundling and determines which claims make economic, legal and practical sense and which claims support stakeholders' other public policy objectives.Findings – The paper identifies legitimate reasons for favoring and opposing local loop unbundling. However, the paper also finds false justifications, unsupported by economic and legal principles, that serve incumbents' quest for further deregulation and securing greater incentives for investment in next generation infrastructure, and market entrants' interest in exploiting margins without having to invest in infrastructure. The paper provides recommendations on how developing countries can implement local loop unbundling that b...
High-throughput screening of enzyme libraries

Directed evolution is becoming a widely used technique for modifying or enhancing protein performance. Ultimately, the success of directed protein evolution experiments hinges on the efficiency of the methods used to screen libraries for mutants with properties of interest. Although there is still a paucity of general methods for enzyme library screening, in recent years a number of promising strategies have emerged and are increasingly being used to explore challenging issues in protein engineering.