cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alumina-silicate glass interfacial properties probed by micromechanical testing techniques

Micromechanical properties of the interfaces between alumina and calcium-alumino-silicate (CAS) glasses were tested using various micro/nanoindentation techniques. The interfaces were produced by depositing continuous films of anorhtite (CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 8}) onto single-crystal {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} of two crystallographic orientations by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). The mechanical behavior of the interfaces was examined using two different depth-sensing indentation instruments. Three types of tests, namely indentation, microscratch, and in-situ indentation combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging were conducted using different operating modes. The deformation behavior observed for the indentations and microscratches has been correlated with irregularities observed in the load-displacement curves. In the first two cases, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to characterize the deformation structures associated with the deformed regions. The in-situ experiments allow force-displacement measurements and AFM imaging immediately before and after indentation. The preindent and postindent morphology of the surface could then be characterized.
Dual career marriages: Problems, satisfactions, and therapeutic considerations

A prognosis for the dual career marriage with and without children is developed and evaluated. A brief history is given, current shifts in sex-role stereotypes within and out of marriage are delineated, advantages and satisfactions as well as disadvantages and problems of the dual career marriage are discussed. Some particular issues facing clergy couples are cited and therapeutic considerations are briefly touched upon. Pertinent research and literature in the field of Marriage, Family, and Child Counseling and Pastoral Counseling is reviewed throughout.
Effect of suspended aggregate sizes on the adsorption of water‐soluble dyes in an aquatic environment

Suspended aggregates from the Yamaska River in Quebec have been separated into several fractions from 3 to <88 μm using size fractionation technique, and these fractions were analyzed for their bacterial, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen content, as well as their ability to adsorb two water-soluble dyes. The results indicate that the suspended bacterial aggregates are capable of adsorbing and thus transporting significant quantities of these dyes in river water. The maximum contaminant dye adsorption occurred within the 24-h period for Acid Orange 60. Implications of bacterial-mediated contaminant transport in aquatic environments are indicated. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Role for the Glycolipid Exoantigen (GLXA) in Chlamydial Infectivity

The chlamydial glycolipid exoantigen, GLXA, is associated with the bacterial membrane, intracellular inclusion, and can also be found secreted into the microenvironment of Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of GLXA in chlamydial pathogenesis. Pretreatment of HeLa 229 cells with affinity-purified GLXA resulted in a significant enhancement of chlamydial infectivity as determined by inclusion body enumeration. The GLXA-mediated enhancement was shown to be time- and dose-dependent and, more importantly, GLXA-specific, as the effect was abrogated by anti-GLXA antibody. In vitro neutralization assays on HEp-2 cells revealed that an anti-anti-idiotypic antibody to GLXA effectively reduced the infectivity of C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, and C. psittaci. In vivo, the co-inoculation of GLXA at the time of C. trachomatis serovar K intravaginal challenge of C3H/HeJ mice resulted in a significant increase in the numbers of shed organisms on days 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Taken together, these observations suggest that GLXA, both organism bound and secreted, is important in facilitating the initiation of infection.
Anesthesia-induced alteration of small vessel responses to norepinephrine

Closed-circuit television microscopy was used to quantitate the in vivo response of small arteries (approximately 100 micron) and small veins (approximately 150 micron) to topically applied norepinephrine in the rat cremaster muscle. Rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital (50 mg/kg), or urethane (1200 mg/kg) or a combination of urethane (800 mg/kg) and chloralose (60 mg/kg). Complete concentration-response curves were obtained for an artery and vein pair in each rat and pD2 values (-log ED50) were used to evaluate the vascular sensitivity to norepinephrine. Both the artery and the vein in urethane-anesthetized animals had decreased sensitivity to norepinephrine in comparison to the vessels of animals anesthetized with pentobarbital or urethane-chloralose. Pretreatment with cocaine (10(-5) M) significantly increased the sensitivity of both the artery and vein in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals but did not affect the vessels in urethane-chloralose-anesthetized animals. These results are consistent with two opposing effects of the urethane-chloralose combination. The first is an increased sensitivity to norepinephrine via blockade of neuronal uptake and the second is a decreased sensitivity of norepinephrine via a vascular inhibitory effect of urethane.
Resolving thermal resistance problem of Analog device in conjunction with the ONxx Shrink Die Technology

This paper will discuss the in-depth details and experiments done to address the thermal resistance of Analog device thus paving the release and qualification of ONxx Shrink Die Technology hitting corporate drive of sure cost saving projects and bringing ON Semiconductor Philippines Incorporated to desire level of competitiveness. A closer look on the variables that contribute to these phenomena will single out on the materials that had direct impact on the problems. By introducing new bill of material from the current practice, thermal resistance problem were address enhancing convection process of integrated circuits built moreover this convective resistance parameters to include temperature drop across layers, thermal conductivity and fluidity of the epoxy, validate the desired action needed to resolve this qualification.
Twist1 homodimers enhance FGF responsiveness of the cranial sutures and promote suture closure

Abstract Haploinsufficiency of the transcription factor TWIST1 is associated with Saethre–Chotzen Syndrome and is manifested by craniosynostosis, which is the premature closure of the calvaria sutures. Previously, we found that Twist1 forms functional homodimers and heterodimers that have opposing activities. Our data supported a model that within the calvaria sutures Twist1 homodimers (T/T) reside in the osteogenic fronts while Twist1/E protein heterodimers (T/E) are in the mid-sutures. Twist1 haploinsufficiency alters the balance between these dimers, favoring an increase in homodimer formation throughout the sutures. The data we present here further supports this model and extends it to integrate the Twist1 dimers with the pathways that are known to regulate cranial suture patency. This data provides the first evidence of a functional link between Twist1 and the FGF pathway, and indicates that differential regulation of FGF signaling by T/T and T/E dimers plays a central role in governing cranial suture patency. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of FGF signaling prevents craniosynostosis in Twist1+/− mice, demonstrating that inhibition of a signaling pathway that is not part of the initiating mutation can prevent suture fusion in a relevant genetic model of craniosynostosis.
An examination of recent professional sanctions imposed on Alabama lawyers

This research considers professional misconduct by lawyers and sanctions imposed by the professional licensing organization in Alabama over the past decade. Examining cases reported in an official publication of the Alabama Bar Association, attention is given to the types of acts which have given rise to penalties such as suspension from the practice of law, public and private reprimands, and disbarment. Reasons for the use of various sanctions and implications of the findings are discussed.
Predicting community-environment relationships of stream fishes across multiple drainage basins: insights into model generality and the effect of spatial extent.

Resource managers increasingly rely on predictive models to understand specieseenvironment relationships. Stream fish communities are influenced by longitudinal position within the stream network as well as local environmental characteristics that are constrained by catchment characteristics. Despite an abundance of studies quantifying specieseenvironment relationships, few studies have evaluated the generalityoftheserelationshipsamongbasinsandspatialextents.Wemodeledcommunitycompositionof stream fishes in thirteen sub-basins, nested within three basins in Kansas, USA using constrained ordination and environmental predictor variables representing (1) longitudinal network position, (2) local habitat, and (3) catchment characteristics. We tested the generality of specieseenvironment relationships by quantifying the variation in model performance and the importance of environmental variables among the thirteen sub-basins and among three spatial extents (sub-basin, basin, state). Model performance was variable across the thirteen sub-basins, with adjusted constrained inertia ranging from 0.13 to 0.36. The importance of environmental variables was also variable among sub-basins, but longitudinal network position consistently predicted more variation in community composition than local or catchment variables. Model performance didnotdifferamongspatialextents, butthe importance oflongitudinalnetwork position decreased at broader spatial extents whereas local and catchment variables increased in impor
Oral rehydration of infants in a large urban U.S. medical center

A prospective randomized study of 100 well-nourished infants with acute gastroenteritis resulting in dehydration and acidosis was carried out at the Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami from 1981 to 1983. Patients were randomly assigned to received either standard intravenous therapy or oral rehydration. Infants in the latter group first received solution A containing 75 mEq/L sodium, 30 mEq/L potassium, 75 mEq/L chlorine, 30 mEq/L bicarbonate, and 2 mg/dl glucose. After ad libitum feeding for six hours, solution B containing 50 mEq/L sodium, 30 mEq/L potassium, 50 mEq/L chlorine, 30 mEq/L bicarbonate, and 3 mg/dl glucose was given. With three exceptions (6%), oral rehydration was comparable to the intravenous regimen in clinical estimates of improvement, although the oral group had more stools in the first day. The oral group had faster correction of acidosis and a sustained rise in serum potassium concentration, whereas in the intravenous group the potassium concentration showed first a drop with a later increase, but levels were at all times below those in the oral group. Although potassium was given from the beginning of oral rehydration, and at a higher concentration than recommended by the World Health Organization, no hyperkalemia occurred. We concluded that oral therapy is safe, less expensive for patients, and more convenient for the medical and nursing staffs.
The effects of management compensation on firm hedging: Does SFAS 133 matter?

Abstract This paper analyzes whether executive compensation in the form of options or stocks affects a firm's decision to hedge. In particular, we investigate whether SFAS 133, a regulation designed to increase transparency of derivative reporting, alters the relationship between managerial compensation and derivative use. We demonstrate that when management is compensated with options, the firm uses less derivatives to hedge interest rate and currency risk. Whereas, compensation of management with shares increases a firm's hedging activity. Results thus highlight the importance of agency conflict in the payment of managerial options and the firm's use of hedging instruments. Passage of SFAS 133 significantly affects derivative use and agency conflict.
12 Thyroid Hypocalcemic Factor (Thyrocalcitonin) in Children

Previous studies indicated that thyrocalcitonin (TCT), the thyroid hypocalcemic factor, played an important role in calcium homeostasis in animals. In the present study the response to calcium loads was compared in normal and in thyroid-treated athyrotic children in an effort to obtain physiologic evidence for the secretion of a hypocalcemic factor (TCT) by the thyroid gland of children. Calcium, in a dose of 10 mg/kg, was administered i.v. at a constant rate over a 3-hour period. Periodic blood samples obtained before, during and after the infusion were analyzed for calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Although the baseline serum calcium levels were similar in the athyrotic and normal children, there was a significant quantitative difference in the response of these two groups to calcium loads. Substantially greater increases in serum calcium levels were observed in most of the athyrotic children. The mean increase in serum calcium mid-way and at the end of the infusion was twice as great in the athyrotic as in the normal children. A similar difference was still detected 30 and 60 minutes after the end of the infusion. On the other hand, in two cretins with intact thyroid glands (defect in organification of iodine) and in children with thyrotoxic goiters, the response to calcium loads was similar to that observed in the normal children. The serum magnesium levels remained constant in all of the children studied and no consistent changes were observed in the serum phosphorus levels. This study provides evidence for the secretion of a thyroid hypocalcemic factor (TCT) in children and indicates the nature of its role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. (SPR)
More on linear inequalities with applications to matrix theory

Abstract Previous work [3, 4, 5] on solvability theorems for linear equations over cones and cones with interior is continued. Applications to matrix theory include a theorem of Bellman and Fan [2], and generalizations of Lyapunov theorem.
CUMULATIVE DAMAGE UNDER TWO LEVEL CYCLING: SOME THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS AND TEST DATA

— Predictions of a new cumulative damage theory established by Hashin and Rotem (HR) are compared with an extensive series of test data for two-level shear strain cycling and a double linear exponential damage rule, all given by Miller and Zachariah (MZ), demonstrating good agreement. While MZ requires determination of two parameters to assess crack development by fit to the two level test data the only testing parameter needed for HR is the fatigue lifetime Ne beyond which the fatigue limit occurs. This parameter has here been estimated on the basis of recent advances in understanding cyclic deformation.
Indirect basal ganglia pathway mediation of repetitive behavior: Attenuation by adenosine receptor agonists

Repetitive behaviors are diagnostic for autism and common in related neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite their clinical importance, underlying mechanisms associated with the expression of these behaviors remain poorly understood. Our lab has previously shown that the rates of spontaneous stereotypy in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were negatively correlated with enkephalin content, a marker of striatopallidal but not striatonigral neurons. To investigate further the role of the indirect basal ganglia pathway, we examined neuronal activation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) using cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry in high- and low-stereotypy mice. CO activity in STN was significantly lower in high-stereotypy mice and negatively correlated with the frequency of stereotypy. In addition, exposure to environmental enrichment, which attenuated stereotypy, normalized the activity of STN. Co-administration of the adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist CGS21680 and the A(1) receptor agonist CPA attenuated stereotypy dose-dependently. The significant reduction associated with the lowest dose of the drug combination tested was due to its effects on mice with lower baseline levels of stereotypy. Higher doses of the drug combination were required to show robust behavioral effects, and presumably requisite activation of the indirect pathway, in high-stereotypy mice. These findings support that decreased indirect pathway activity is linked to the expression of high levels of stereotypy in deer mice and that striatal A(1) and A(2A) receptors may provide promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of repetitive behaviors in neurodevelopmental disorders.
An experimental test of risk compensation: between-subject versus within-subject analyses.

This study examined parameters under which risk compensation in driving can occur following the use of safety belts. Risk compensation theories hypothesize that if individuals use safety belts, they will drive in a more risky manner than if they do not use safety belts due to an increased perception of safety. Although the existence of risk compensation in driving has been debated in the literature for many years, the current study was the first experimental analysis of this theory that permitted a controlled examination of both between-subject and within-subject effects. This study required subjects to drive a 5-hp. go-kart around an oval track either buckled or unbuckled in the first of two phases of 15 driving trials. After the first phase the safety condition was switched for half the subjects (i.e., the safety belt was removed from subjects using it or was used by subjects who previously did not use it). Dependent measures included latency for each lap, deviations from the prescribed lane, and perceived safety while driving. The amount of time it took for subjects to travel to the go-kart track and their safety belt use during that trip was also measured. Risk compensation theory was not supported in the between-subject analyses of the research data; however, some within-subject comparisons did demonstrate risk compensation. Subjects who switched from not using the safety belt to using it increased driving speed during the second phase significantly more than subjects who used the safety belt during both driving phases. The study suggested that the occurrence of risk compensation is dependent upon individuals being able to compare the sensations using a safety belt with those of not using a safety belt. Risk compensation did not manifest itself in between-subject studies because this comparison could not take place. The implications of this study to driving automobiles on multi-user roadways is discussed. Suggestions for research to further expand the knowledge about how and when risk compensation occurs are also provided.
Infusion of Green Energy Manufacturing Into Engineering and Technology Curricula

This paper discusses a joint educational effort that incorporates sustainability in engineering and technology curricula at Drexel University (DU) and University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). A critical component of a national “green industries/green jobs” effort is to motivate our citizenry to become proficient in STEM and associated manufacturing fields and societies, thus ensuring we have a 21st century workforce. Sustainable engineering is about design that recognizes the constraints applied by natural resources and the environmental system. The needs for engineering students and practicing engineers to understand sustainability concepts and concerns have been noted by many educators, scientists or engineers, and it is the philosophy of the authors that all engineering students need to become versed in sustainability ideas. This paper describes key factors in enhancing the ability of future engineering graduates to better contribute to a more sustainable future, preserving natural resources and advancing technological and societal development. Two approaches are used to incorporate sustainability into the undergraduate engineering and technology curricula that can be adopted or adapted by science and engineering faculty for this purpose. The two approaches described in the paper include: (1) redesigning existing courses through development of new materials that meet the objectives of the original courses and (2) developing upper division elective courses that address specific topics related to sustainability, such as green manufacturing, clean energy, and life-cycle assessment. The efforts presented in the paper also include an increase in social responsibility, development of innovative thinking skills, better understanding of sustainability issues, and increasing students’ interests in the engineering and technology programs. Projects, included in the senior courses or in the senior design project course sequence have been also part of them.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A two-step even–odd split Levinson algorithm for Toeplitz systems

Abstract We use a two-step Durbin method rather than the single step version in the even–odd split Levinson algorithm for strongly nonsingular real symmetric Toeplitz systems with arbitrary right-hand side, thereby slightly reducing the complexity of this algorithm to 19 8 n 2 + O (n) flops on a sequential machine. We also present extensive numerical results comparing several Levinson-type methods.
Use of an Eight-arm Radial Water Maze to Assess Working and Reference Memory Following Neonatal Brain Injury

Working and reference memory are commonly assessed using the land based radial arm maze. However, this paradigm requires pretraining, food deprivation, and may introduce scent cue confounds. The eight-arm radial water maze is designed to evaluate reference and working memory performance simultaneously by requiring subjects to use extra-maze cues to locate escape platforms and remedies the limitations observed in land based radial arm maze designs. Specifically, subjects are required to avoid the arms previously used for escape during each testing day (working memory) as well as avoid the fixed arms, which never contain escape platforms (reference memory). Re-entries into arms that have already been used for escape during a testing session (and thus the escape platform has been removed) and re-entries into reference memory arms are indicative of working memory deficits. Alternatively, first entries into reference memory arms are indicative of reference memory deficits. We used this maze to compare performance of rats with neonatal brain injury and sham controls following induction of hypoxia-ischemia and show significant deficits in both working and reference memory after eleven days of testing. This protocol could be easily modified to examine many other models of learning impairment.
Marx's Laws

Marx was a party to 19th-century debates about what he called the ‘historical social sciences' and their laws. But he was more forthright in rejecting positivism and empiricism than he was in articulating his own constructive position. However, his scattered remarks on method and his own scientific practice provide the appropriate materials for an adequate reconstruction of his views. This essay develops a case that Marx was a scientific realist who rejected the Humean empiricist analysis of causes and laws. In substituting a realist analysis he provided a framework for understanding his own explanatory laws—the economic laws of motion of modern society. Yet Marx did not propose any so-called ‘natural laws of historical development’. Rather he articulated what are more properly termed principles of historical interpretation. In method as in politics Marx thereby offered a genuine alternative to the dominant views of the day.
Developmental roles of the histone lysine demethylases

Since the discovery of the first histone lysine demethylase in 2004, two protein families with numerous members have been identified that demethylate various histone lysine residues. Initial studies of the histone lysine demethylases focused on their in vitro enzymatic activity but, more recently, model organisms have been used to examine the roles of these enzymes in vivo. Here, we review recent insights into the roles of the histone lysine demethylases in multiple aspects of development across various species, including in germline maintenance and meiosis, in early embryonic development and differentiation, and in hormone receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation.
Noninvasive measurement of gastric accommodation in patients with idiopathic nonulcer dyspepsia

Noninvasive measurement of gastric accommodation in patients with idiopathic nonulcer dyspepsia
Patient attitudes toward continuity of care.

Background Concern has been raised about managed care's effects on continuity of patient care, but little is known about how much value patients place on continuity. Methods We surveyed 2500 adult patients of a large New England health maintenance organization about their attitudes toward continuity and their willingness to spend additional time or money to maintain continuity with their primary care physician (PCP). Results Among the 1171 (46.8%) of patients responding, 460 (39.6%) of 1162 patients had had more than one PCP in the previous 5 years. Nearly all patients (1068 [91.5%] of 1167) rated continuity as very important or important; only 26 (2.2%) rated continuity as unimportant or very unimportant. However, only 256 (22.2%) of 1152 patients were willing to drive more than 60 minutes to maintain continuity with their PCP, and only 200 (18.2%) of 1096 would be willing to spend an additional $20 to $40 per month to maintain it. In multivariable analyses, patients were more willing to drive if they were nonwhite (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.6), older than 50 years (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4), or had less than a college education (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2). Patients who had been forced to change PCPs when their physician moved away were less willing to drive (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.8) or spend more money (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-1.0) to maintain continuity. Conclusions Most patients in this sample indicated that continuity of care was important to them, but reported being unwilling to spend much additional personal time or money to maintain continuity with their current PCP. Nevertheless, an important subset of older and more vulnerable patients reported being more willing to pay to maintain continuity.
MULTI-SCALE ROUGHNESS SPECTRA OF MOUNT ST. HELENS DEBRIS FLOWS

A roughness spectrum allows surface structure to be interpreted as a sum of sinusoidal components with differing wavelengths. Knowledge of the roughness spectrum gives insight into the mechanisms responsible for electromagnetic scattering at a given wavelength. Measured spectra from 10-year-old primary debris flow surfaces at Mount St. Helens conform to a power-law spectral model, suggesting that these surfaces are scaling over the measured range of spatial frequencies. Measured spectra from water-deposited surfaces deviate from this model.
Swinging in the brain: shared neural substrates for behaviors related to sequencing and music.

Music consists of precisely patterned sequences of both movement and sound that engage the mind in a multitude of experiences. We move in response to music and we move in order to make music. Because of the intimate coupling between perception and action, music provides a panoramic window through which we can examine the neural organization of complex behaviors that are at the core of human nature. Although the cognitive neuroscience of music is still in its infancy, a considerable behavioral and neuroimaging literature has amassed that pertains to neural mechanisms that underlie musical experience. Here we review neuroimaging studies of explicit sequence learning and temporal production—findings that ultimately lay the groundwork for understanding how more complex musical sequences are represented and produced by the brain. These studies are also brought into an existing framework concerning the interaction of attention and time-keeping mechanisms in perceiving complex patterns of information that are distributed in time, such as those that occur in music.
Observed Vegetation–Climate Feedbacks in the United States*

Abstract Observed vegetation feedbacks on temperature and precipitation are assessed across the United States using satellite-based fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) and monthly climate data for the period of 1982–2000. This study represents the first attempt to spatially quantify the observed local impact of vegetation on temperature and precipitation over the United States for all months and by season. Lead–lag correlations and feedback parameters are computed to determine the regions where vegetation substantially impacts the atmosphere and to quantify this forcing. Temperature imposes a significant instantaneous forcing on FPAR, while precipitation's impact on FPAR is greatest at one-month lead, particularly across the prairie. An increase in vegetation raises the surface air temperature by absorbing additional radiation and, in some cases, masking the high albedo of snow cover. Vegetation generally exhibits a positive forcing on temperature, strongest in spring and particularly a...
Matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials on the real line: some extensions of the classical theory

In the work presented below the classical subject of orthogonal polynomials on the real line is discussed in the matrix setting. An analogue of the determinant definition of orthogonal polynomials is presented; the classical properties such as the recurrence relation, the kernel polynomials, and the Christoffel–Darboux formula are discussed. A τ-function for the system of matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials on the real line is presented. Some properties of the τ-functions are investigated.
Evidence for pion exchange currents in the analysis of the 4He (p, d)3He reaction at intermediate energies

Abstract Previous unsuccessful analyses of 4 He (p, d) 3 He at intermediate energies have employed densities based directly on the measured e − + 4 He elastic scattering. When the effects of pion exchange currents are removed, the resulting DWBA analysis is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data.
Syntheses and D2 receptor affinities of derivatives of spiperone containing aliphatic halogens.

Abstract The development of a high affinity dopamine receptor ligand labeled with the positron emitting radionuclide, 18 F (t 1 2 = 110 min ) , is of considerable interest for imaging and quantification of dopamine receptors in vivo. Derivatives of spiperone, a dopamine antagonist, labeled with 18F have been prepared, but the syntheses either proceed with inefficient fluoride utilization or involve several synthetic steps subsequent to 18F incorporation. To date, only the short-lived radioisotope of carbon, 11 C (t 1 2 = 20.4 min ) , has been efficiently incorporated in the final synthetic step of 3-N-[11C]methyl-spiperone. 3-N-Fluoroethyl, 3-N-chloroethyl, and 3-N-bromoethyl spiperone derivatives are prepared by alkylation of spiperone with the appropriate 2-tosyloxy ethyl halide. In addition, α-fluorospiperone, containing fluorine alpha to the butyrophenone carbonyl, has been prepared. The 3-N-haloethyl spiperones display high affinity for dopamine receptor in vitro. Incorporation of [18F]fluoride during the final synthetic step yields a high affinity, 18F-labeled dopamine receptor-binding ligand.
A joint test for arch and bilinearity in the regression model

In this paper we argue that a simultaneous test for ARCH and bilinearity should be used to test for the possible nonlinearity of the error process in the regression model. We suggest such a joint test statistic. An empirical example shows that the individual tests of ARCH and bilinearity may not be conclusive while a joint test clearly rejects the linearity hypothesis. Our results are also applicable to pure time series models.
Novel Statistics for Strings and String “CHERN-SIMON” Terms

We study the statistics of identical strings in R3. Novel possibilities for string statistics are shown to exist at least in the absence of physical inputs such as the possibility of string pair creation. There are for instance strings which do not obey Bose, Fermi or parastatistics. There are also strings which violate the standard spin-statistics relation. The Abelian Chern-Simons Lagrangian which leads to anyons is generalized to strings. It leads to exotic phase changes of wave functions when strings are moved in homotopically nontrivial loops in the N-string configuration space. Non-Abelian generalizations of this Abelian string Lagrangian are also proposed.
Scattering of NO from Ag(111): a model system for probing gas-surface inelastic collision dynamics

Abstract The suitability of the NO molecule for laser detection and the relatively inert nature of the Ag(111) surface have resulted in extensive studies of the state-to-state inelastic scattering dynamics of this system. This work is critically reviewed, beginning with experiments by McClelland et al and by Kleyn et al , who reported the rotational distributions of the scattered molecules, the latter group making the first observation of rotational rainbows in gas-surface scattering. More recently, velocity distributions have been determined for individual rotational states of molecules scattered into specific directions, allowing a full accounting of the disposal of initial kinetic energy and momentum of molecules incident on the surface. These results, combined with trajectory studies using simple and realistic potentials have led to a detailed understanding of the dynamics of rotational excitation and of energy transfer to photons.
Drifts and ponds of reworked pelagic sediment in part of the southwest Pacific

Abstract Since the Late Oligocene a bottom current that decelerates as it leaves the constricted Samoan Passage has deposited patches of reworked sediment on a blanket of Paleogene clay and on a scoured terrain of Mesozoic outcrops. The sediments preserve a record of fluctuations in the geological effect, and by inference the velocity, of the Pacific's western boundary current. An area of 750 km 2 sediment drift was studied in detail with 18 cores and observations from a near-bottom instrument. It has rapid vertical and lateral facies changes, from nodule-covered zeolitic clay to radiolarian clay and ooze, related to temporal and spatial changes in rate of deposition of current-transported particles. The source of most of the radiolaria is erosion of older outcrops upstream or current trimming of the drift margins, so the siliceous ooze may be considered a variety of muddy contourite. Small ferromanganese concretions on the surface of a slowly accumulating part of the drift are arranged in long narrow stripes resembling abyssal furrows. Similar patterns, believed to be caused by erosional bedforms, were mapped by side-scan sonars on the corrugated surfaces of ponds of calcareous turbidites. Other pelagic carbonate beds within the drifts were rapidly deposited from thermohaline currents. It may be difficult to distinguish some calcareous contourites from turbidites after textures have been altered by early diagenesis, but identifications based on field relations and topographic situation can be supported by detailed lithologic study. The times of most rapid drift deposition from the bottom current were Late Oligocene-Early Miocene, probably caused by initiation of this western boundary flow from Antarctica, and Late Miocene-Early Pliocene, probably caused by intensified bottom circulation following glacial expansion.
Resistance to Professional Managers in American Local Government

}Because of the American tradition of self-government and mistrust of administration, city-management professionals face difficulty in securing citizen acceptance of their roles. This is a particularly acute problem in the city manager form of local government because the manager is highly visible as the non-elected executive head of the agency. This paper argues that community resistance to the role of the local government general management professional is caused largely by a fear of loss of personal access or influence over governance, in essence, a conflict between the value of identification with community and the value of rational administration. The future of city management and local government professionalism generally may depend on an ability to adapt the premises of rational, scientifically based administration to the realities of the citizen's need for a sense of identification with a political and social community.
Simultaneous prediction intervals for ARMA processes with stable innovations

We describe a method for calculating simultaneous prediction intervals for ARMA times series with heavy-tailed stable innovations. The spectral measure of the vector of prediction errors is shown to be discrete. Direct computation of high-dimensional stable probabilities is not feasible, but we show that Monte Carlo estimates of the interval width is practical. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of a mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells with defective secretion of a subset of secretory proteins.

The secretory pathway of mammalian cells involves a complex sequence of steps beginning with the translation and translocation of proteins across the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane followed by their transport through a variety of intracellular compartments. Understanding the cellular mechanisms involved in protein transport would be facilitated by the application of somatic cell genetics techniques. Therefore, we have developed a procedure for the isolation of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines that are deficient in this pathway. Mutant (sec) clones that secrete into the medium a lesser amount of newly synthesized protein relative to wild type are detected in the screen. One of the sec cell lines, LEH6, has similar growth and protein synthetic rates as do wild-type cells. The extent of total protein secretion is 60–70% of wild-type with some proteins more reduced than others. Immunoprecipitation studies indicate that for LEH6 cells there is impaired secretion of fibronectin (three- to fourfold) and major excreted protein (two- to sixfold).
Localization and binding of reserpine in the membrane of adrenomedullary amine storage granules.

The subcellular localization of 3H-reserpine persisting in the adrenal gland of the rat 18–60 h after parenteral administration was studied by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation techniques. This persistent reserpine is associated with the catecholamine storage granule. More specifically, the drug is exclusively localized in the vesicular membrane where it is attached by a firm bond which is not reversed by prolonged dialysis or by incubation with adrenomedullary granules from non-reserpinized rats. Binding experiments conducted in vitro indicate that membranes isolated from bovine adrenomedullary granules or mitochondria bind reserpine at a single binding site with a molarity in these preparations of 9.4×10−9M/mg of protein with a binding constant of 4.7×10−7M. The in vitro binding of 3H-reserpine is reversible upon dialysis and has a low specificity since unlike the binding in vivo, it is not affected by preincubation of membranes with high concentrations of unlabeled reserpine. There was a very low affinity of reserpine for the intragranular constituents of adrenomedullary granules. It is concluded that a rapid specific and irreversible binding of reserpine occurs in vivo in the membranes of amine storage granules which cannot be realized by bovine adrenomedullary granule membranes in vitro.
Host and viral factors that influence viral neurotropism I. Viral cell attachment proteins and target cell receptors

Abstract Since the time of Charcot, over a century ago, it has been recognized that the clinical signs and symptoms produced by viral illnesses involving the CNS are due in large part to the specific regions of the nervous system injured. As the list of viruses capable of infecting the CNS expanded rapidly during the earlier part of the 20th century, so too did the recognition that individual viruses exhibited specific affinities for particular regions of the nervous system, and often for particular cell types within these regions. In this part of our review we will focus specifically on the role played by the interaction between specific viral proteins (‘cell attachment proteins') and receptors on target cells in determining the tropism of certain viruses for the CNS. In a subsequent article, the role of host genes, the site of entry and route of spread of virus, and the contribution of tissue-specific viral genes (enhancers) to viral neurotropism will be reviewed.
Centrin is a component of the periocentriola lattice

Here, we use three polyclonal anticentrin antisera designated 08/28, 26/14-1, and 26/14-2 to further characterize the pericentriolar lattice of metazoan cells. All of these antibodies give an indistinguishable localization pattern that consists of a constellation of pericentrosomal spots. In QT6 cells these spots are few in number and closely associated with the centriolar region, whereas in PtK2 cells they are more numerous and distributed further from the point of microtubule focus. In mitotic cells, centrin is localized to the spindle poles and spindle apparatus. We demonstrate here that the pericentriolar lattice of PtK2 and QT6 cells is, in part, composed of proteins characterized by acidic pIs (4.4 to 5.4), low molecular mass (M(r) 18,500-21,000), and calcium-binding; these attributes and the immunoreactivity of these proteins to anticentrin antibodies indicate that they are centrin isoforms of metazoan cells. Finally, we confirm our earlier observation that PtK2 cells contain a centrin-related protein of M(r) 165,000; QT6 cells also contain centrin-related proteins (M(r) 64,000-165,000). We conclude that centrin is a component of the pericentriolar lattice of higher eukaryotic centrosomes.
High-frequency structural relaxation in sodium silicates — a molecular dynamic study

Abstract The dynamic behavior of sodium silicate liquid and glassy structures were investigated by means of molecular dynamic simulations. Particle interactions were modeled using the central force Born-Mayer potential. Simulations were carried out over approximately half a nanosecond. Dynamic susceptibility spectra describing the response of the alkali cations to thermal activation are reported for various temperatures. The diffusion of alkali cations was found to be solid-like, i.e., occurring as sudden jumps separated by long waiting periods, even above the glass transition temperature. The intermediate scattering functions approximately follow a stretched exponential behaviour, with a stretching exponent of 0.8. The characteristic relaxation times for cation motion depend on the probing wave vector according to a power law, with an exponent close to −2.
SU‐E‐T‐258: Comparison of Dosimetric Characteristics Between Elekta Synergy Linear Accelerators with MLCi and Beam Modulator Collimator Heads

Purpose: Two Elekta Synergy linacs were installed; one with the Elekta MLCi2 collimator and the other was installed with the Elekta Beam Modulatorcollimator. The concept of beam matching nominally includes the capability for patients to be switched between machines during the course of treatment with nominal replanning. However with the two different MLC designs and treatment head configurations, a precise beam match is not possible and lies outside the scope of this investigation. Nevertheless, we set out to characterize the physical radiation machines parameters between the machines and highlight any significant deviations. Methods: The acceptance scanning was performed with a Blue Phantom2 from IBA Dosimetry. In conjunction with the standard Elekta acceptance testing criteria, dmax values, depth dose curves and beam profiles were acquired for all energies on both machines. The Beam ModulatorMLC has a maximum field size of 16×21 cm so the 8×8cm and 16×16cm field sizes were selected for flatness and symmetry measurements. This machine incorporates 4mm leaves and therefore could not produce the standard 10 × 10 cm field of the MCLi2 with its 10mm leaves, hence a 10.4 × 9.6 cm field was used. The resulting data was normalized, smoothed and central‐axis corrected. Results: Corresponding points on the percent depth dose curve differed by up to 0.5% beyond dmax. The dmax values for all energies were within 1 mm of each other. The largest deviation in flatness and symmetry was 1.1% and 0.7% respectively. The maximum discrepancy between the penumbra widths of the profiles was 1.1 mm. Conclusions: The physical characteristics of the photon beams were found to be surprisingly similar for the chosen reference fields even though the treatment heads and MLC design were markedly different. These results were not anticipated by installation engineers, site physicists or the manufacturer's specifications.
Experimental failure of shortest-path technique in inelastic partial wave analysis

Abstract We have conducted a feasibility test of the usual partial wave analysis procedure by generating ersatz experimental data for an inelastic reaction from a known set of partial waves, then attempting to subject them to partial-wave analysis. The presence of the ambiguous solutions proposed by Dean and Lee at all energies prevents the usual procedure from succeeding; the shortest path solutions are not the correct ones.
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of propofol in human and rat plasma and fourteen rat tissues using electrochemical detection.

Abstract This paper describes a sensitive HPLC-electrochemical detection analytical method for determining the concentration of the intravenous anesthetic, propofol, in human or rat plasma or serum and a variety of rat tissues. Internal standard and drug are extracted from serum or plasma and other tissues with pentane. 2,6-tert.-Butylmethylphenol is used as internal standard. It includes a novel steam distillation procedure for separating the highly lipophilic propofol from skin and fat. The plasma/serum assay has a precision of 1–4% (C.V.) in the range 10 ng/ml to 1 μg/ml and permits the assay of 5 ng/ml from 0.1 ml of plasma/serum. The tissue procedure allows the estimation of 50 ng/g in 0.1 g of tissue for most of the major organs with less than 2% (C.V.) precision. This assay was used to measure propofol concentrations in plasma/serum and tissue samples in support of a project to develop a physiological pharmacokinetic model for propofol in the rat.
Root cap angle and gravitropic response rate are uncoupled in the Arabidopsis pgm‐1 mutant

The sedimentation of starch-filled plastids is thought to be the primary mechanism by which gravity is perceived in roots. Following gravity perception, auxin redistribution toward the lower flank of roots, initiated in the root cap, is believed to play a role in regulation of the gravity response. Amyloplast sedimentation and auxin flux, however, have never been directly linked. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among plastid sedimentation, gravitropism and auxin flux. Our data show that pgm-1 roots respond to gravity at one-third the rate of wild-type (WT) roots. Maintaining the root tip at a constant angle using image analysis coupled to a rotating stage resulted in a constant rate of response regardless of the angle of tip orientation in pgm-1 mutants, in contrast to the responses of WT and pin3-1 mutants, which showed increasing response rates as the tip was constrained at greater angles. To indirectly visualize auxin flux following reorientation, we generated a pgm-1 mutant line expressing the DR5::GFPm reporter gene. In WT roots a GFP gradient was observed with a maximum along the lower flank, whereas pgm-1 roots formed a GFP maximum in the central columella but lacked any observable gradient up to 6 h following reorientation. Our study suggests that the relationship between root cap angle and gravitropic response depends upon plastid sedimentation-based gravity sensing and supports the idea that there are multiple, overlapping sensory response networks involved in gravitropism.