cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment styles.

This study examined how adult attachment styles moderate spontaneous behavior between dating couples when 1 member of the dyad is confronted with an anxiety-provoking situation. Eighty-three dating couples were unobtrusively videotaped for 5 min in a waiting room while the woman waited to participate in an "activity" known to provoke anxiety in most people. Independent observers then evaluated each partner's behavior on several dimensions. Results revealed that persons with more secure attachment styles behaved differently than persons with more avoidant styles in terms of physical contact, supportive comments, and efforts to seek and give emotional support. Findings are discussed in the context of theory and research on attachment. Recently, a growing number of researchers have begun to explore how different attachment styles influence what transpires within adult relationships (e.g., Collins & Read, 1990; Feeney & Noller, 1990; Hazan & Shaver, 1987; Levy & Davis, 1988; Simpson, 1990). Virtually all of this research has been guided by Bowlby's (1969,1973,1980) attachment theory. Bowlby sought to understand why infants forge strong emotional bonds to their primary caregivers and why they often exhibit pronounced anxiety and distress when they are separated from them. Adopting an evolutionary- ethological perspective, he argued that the specific sequence of behavioral and emotional reactions associated with separation—protest, despair, and detachment—might reflect the operation of an innate attachment system designed to promote close physical contact between vulnerable infants and their primary caregivers. By maintaining close proximity with their caregivers, infants would be more likely to survive, to reproduce, and ultimately to pass attachment and proximity-seeking propensities on to subsequent generations. Although the tendency to seek proximity seems to be universal in infants, its development and elaboration over time is sensitive to specific environmental conditions, especially transactions between the infant and his or her primary caregiver. Past empirical research has examined characteristic patterns of attachment behavior that develop between infants and their caregivers that signify different types of infant-caregiver relationships. Using the Strange Situation paradigm, Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, and Wall (1978) identified three primary patterns
Controlling processes in a CaCO3 precipitating stream in Huanglong Natural Scenic District, Sichuan, China

Abstract Huanglong Scenic District is well known for its unusual and diversified landforms such as travertine pools, travertine falls and travertine flows. These landforms, resulting from high-altitude surface cold-water CaCO3 precipitation, were chosen by UNESCO in 1994 as an entry in The World's Nature Heritage. Huanglong is a pristine region where there are limited human activities. Water analyses and thin section (glass slide) precipitation experiments were conducted to determine the aqueous processes controlling CaCO3 precipitation and travertine landform formation. Results from the travertine flow indicate that the concentrations of HCO3−, Ca+2, and H+ decrease regularly along the flow paths. Chemical equilibrium modeling results demonstrate the importance of CO2 out-gassing and CaCO3 precipitation processes. CO2 out-gassing and CaCO3 precipitation increase with increasing flow velocities. In the pool area, varying hydrodynamics are the primary factors which determine the extent of processes such as advection and diffusion, and hence also control CaCO3 precipitation and CO2 out-gassing. When the pool water circulation is very slow, the pH of water flowing over the travertine dams increases significantly (approximately 0.15 pH units) downstream. When the circulation is relatively fast, the pH of stream water initially decreases followed by an increase of approximately 0.21 pH units as it flows past the travertine pool dams. In both cases, the pH rise is caused by sudden changes in the hydrodynamics of the pools, despite the different initial flow conditions. Pool development is a consequence of spatial variations in pH which provide different conditions for CaCO3 precipitation inside the travertine dam, where less precipitation or even dissolution occurs, compared to conditions at the top and downstream side of the dams. Precipitation experiments demonstrate that the top and downstream side of travertine dams are the locations of the most active precipitation, particularly for pools having faster circulation. Precipitation experiments also reveal that vaterite, a rare polymorph of CaCO3, co-precipitates with calcite in milky opalescent water near the upstream input portion of the pool groups. Thin sections covered by algae at the bottom of pools have 40% less CaCO3 precipitation than those not covered by algae. SEM photographs of the surface of natural travertine deposits show that biofilms with diatom minimize CaCO3 precipitation and that diatom-adhered calcite surfaces show signs of etching, suggesting that calcite dissolution may be aided by diatoms.
Dielectric nonlinearity and loss in ferroelectric thin films

Pulsed laser deposition has been used to deposit multilayer heterostructures consisting of high temperature superconductor (HTS) and ferroelectric layers for tunable microwave device applications. The dielectric nonlinearity and loss of the ferroelectric thin films are the key material parameters determining the performance of the tunable devices and hence the feasibility of this technology. In this paper, I summarize the current understanding of these issues and outline the strategies to study these problems.
Caroli disease: The diagnostic approach

Two new pediatric examples of Caroli disease are reported; one was diagnosed by operative cholangiography and one by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Although a variety of approaches may lead one to suspect the diagnosis, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is now the method of choice to establish the diagnosis.
Effect of the interaction of distant neighbors on the thermodynamic properties of anharmonic-crystal surfaces

The unsymmetrized self-consistsnt field method is employed to study the effect of the interaction of distant neighbors on the structure and thermodynamic properties of a simple model of an anharmonic crystal with a surface — the semiinfinite linear chain. Expressions are obtained for the relaxation of the end atoms, the amplitudes of their oscillations, and the free surface energy. The dependence of the relaxation on the form of the interatomic potential is studied. It is pointed out that relaxation decaying nonmonotonically into the chain as well as a change in the sign of the relaxation accompanying a change in the temperature are possible.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopic study of acetaldehyde photolysis in the gas phase, on aluminum surfaces, and on ice films

We have studied acetaldehyde photolysis in the gas phase (243 and 293 K), on aluminum surfaces (243 K), and on ice films (243 K), by employing 308 nm excimer laser photolysis combined with cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The HCO radical is a product of acetaldehyde photolysis under each of these conditions. The HCO radical quantum yields from the gas-phase photolysis of acetaldehyde are 0.87 ± 0.11 and 0.91 ± 0.10 at 243 and at 293 K, respectively, where errors quoted represent 1σ measurement uncertainty. The HCO quantum yields from acetaldehyde photolysis on aluminum surfaces and on ice films are 0.86 ± 0.32 and 0.47 ± 0.36 at 243 K, where errors quoted represent 2σ measurement uncertainty. The feasibility of using cavity ring-down spectroscopy to study surface photochemical processes has been demonstrated.
Development of an Improved Cycle Length Model over the Highway Capacity Manual 2000 Quick Estimation Method

Chapter 16 of the Highway Capacity Manual 2000 (HCM 2000) includes models and procedures for calculating capacity and delay at signalized intersections. However, the procedures do not provide estimation of the optimal cycle length which would result in the minimal intersection delay. A quick estimation method for determining the cycle length is described in Appendix A, Chap. 10 of the HCM 2000 for planning level applications. In this method, a simple equation is used to estimate the cycle length if it is not available. However, the estimated cycle length may not be the optimal cycle length from the point of view of achieving minimum intersection delay. To develop a new cycle length model, the Webster's minimum delay cycle length model is first considered. However, based on our study, Webster's minimum delay cycle length model overestimates the optimal cycle length compared to the results from the HCM 2000 delay calculation method, especially under high traffic volume conditions. After investigating three new models developed during this study, an exponential-type cycle length model is recommended. Based on a series of CORSIM simulation runs, the cycle length predicted by this model provides better results than the current quick estimation method of the HCM 2000.
Necessary conditions for Pareto optimality in simultaneous Chebyshev best approximation

Abstract Necessary conditions for Pareto optimality in constrained simultaneous Chebyshev best approximation, derived from an abstract characterization theory of Pareto optimality, are presented. The generality of the formulation of the approximation problem dealt with here makes the results applicable to a large variety of concrete simultaneous best approximation problems. Some open problems are briefly described.
Effects of a Polymerized Ultrapurified Bovine Hemoglobin Blood Substitute Administered to Ponies with Normovolemic Anemia

The development of ultrapurified hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers has eliminated many problems associated with whole-blood transfusions in other species. We hypothesized that the administration of polymerized ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin (PUBH) would result in improved hemodynamic parameters in ponies with normovolemic anemia without adverse effects on renal function or coagulation times. Normovolemic anemia was induced in 6 healthy adult ponies. Over a 3-day period, at least 45 mL/kg of whole blood was withdrawn from each pony until a target PCV of <12% was attained. Plasma was separated from the red blood cells via centrifugation and readministered to the ponies on each day. After the final plasma transfusion, 15 mL/kg of hetastarch (control, n = 6) or 15 mL/kg of PUBH (treatment, n = 6) was administered at 10 mL/kg/h IV. Administration of PUBH at a rate of 10 mL/kg/h was not associated with any adverse effects in 5 of the 6 ponies. One pony experienced an anaphylactoid reaction during infusion of PUBH. The reaction, characterized by intense pruritus, tachycardia, and tachypnea resolved shortly after stopping the infusion. Ponies receiving PUBH had significantly lower cardiac indices (P = .03) and heart rates (P = .002) than control animals. A significantly greater increase in central venous pressure was observed in the PUBH group compared to the hetastarch group (P = .02). No adverse renal or coagulation effects were observed with PUBH infusion. These results suggest that PUBH improves hemodynamics and oxygen transport parameters in horses experiencing normovolemic anemia. Patients should be monitored closely during infusion for any adverse reactions.