cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards lagrangian large vortex simulation

Construction of a Lagrangian large-eddy-simulation scheme is performed based on filtering the vorticity transport equation and using simple eddy-diffusivity models to account for subgrid-scale "Helmholtz" stresses. The resulting governing equations are simulated using a three-dimensional particle method which discretizes the vorticity field into Lagrangian vortex elements of finite overlapping cores. Vortex elements are transported along particle trajectories, while their vorticities evolve according to stretching and tilting by the resolved scales, molecular diffusion, and subgrid-scale stresses. The behavior of the model is discussed in light of limited three-dimensional computations of transitional vortex rings. It is shown that the model can capture the large-scale features of the flow without requiring an excessively large number of elements.
GRAFTING AND ROOTING OF LEAVES OF GUAREA (MELIACEAE): EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON LEAF AUTONOMY

The pinnately compound, indeterminate leaves of G. glabra and G. guidonia were air layered, detached from their original shoots, and grown on their own adventitious root systems for up to 58 mo and 26 mo, respectively. The detached leaves grew in the same indeterminate manner and reached sizes similar to attached leaves. Although detached leaves grew autonomously, they never produced shoot buds. Leaves of both species were grafted onto their own stems and cut free of their original leaf bases. Leaf scions survived and grew for up to 29 mo and 20 mo, respectively, similar to ungrafted leaves. Axillary branches were grafted onto subtending leaves. Branch scions grew on their leaf stocks for over 30 mo and 24 mo, respectively, after being cut free from the branch bases. Secondary growth of the leaf axis (petiole) was promoted, and vascular tissues of leaf and branch axes were continuous. However, the unlignified basal region of the leaf, including the abscission zone, remained unchanged after grafting. The results indicate that proximity of roots and bypassing the abscission zone did not enhance leaf longevity or pinna production. The presence of a growing branch on a leaf did not modify the structure of the abscission zone, which suggests that the zone is strongly committed or developmentally fixed.
Cloning and characterization of a human β, β-carotene-15, 15'-dioxygenase that is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium

¶Retinoids play a critical role in vision, as well as in development and cellular differentiation. b,b-Carotene-15,15*-dioxygenase (Bcdo), the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of b,b-carotene into two retinal molecules, plays an important role in retinoid synthesis. We report here the first cloning of a mammalian Bcdo. Human BCDO encodes a protein of 547 amino acid residues that demonstrates 68% identity with chicken Bcdo. It is expressed highly in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and also in kidney, intestine, liver, brain, stomach, and testis. The gene spans approximately 20 kb, is composed of 11 exons and 10 introns, and maps to chromosome 16q21‐ q23. A mouse orthologue was also identified, and its predicted amino acid sequence is 83% identical with human BCDO. Biochemical analysis of baculovirus expressed human BCDO demonstrates the predicted b,b-carotene-15,15*-dioxygenase activity. The expression pattern of BCDO suggests that it may provide a local supplement to the retinoids available to photoreceptors, as well as a supplement to the retinoid pools utilized elsewhere in the body. In addition, the finding that many of the enzymes involved in retinoid metabolism are mutated in retinal degenerations suggests that BCDO may also be a candidate gene for retinal degenerative disease. © 2001 Academic Press
Dynamical and integrative cell signaling: challenges for the new biology.

Years of careful experimental analysis have revealed that signaling molecules are organized into complex networks of biochemical reactions exquisitely regulated in time and space to provide a cell with high-fidelity information about an extremely noisy and volatile environment. A new view of signaling networks as systems consisting of multiple complex elements interacting in a multifarious fashion is emerging, a view that conflicts with the single-gene or protein-centric approach common in biological research. The postgenomic era has brought about a different, network-centric methodology of analysis, suddenly forcing researchers toward the opposite extreme of complexity, where the networks being explored are, to a certain extent, intractable and uninterpretable. Both the cartoons of simple pathways and the very large "hair-ball" diagrams of large intracellular networks are also representations of static worlds, superficially devoid of dynamics and chemistry. These representations are often viewed as being analogous to stably linked computer and neural networks rather than dynamically changing networks of chemical interactions, where the notions of concentration, compartmentalization, and diffusion may be the primary determinants of connectivity. Arguably, the systems biology approach, relying on computational modeling coupled with various experimental techniques and methodologies, will be an essential component of analysis of the behavior of signal transduction pathways. Combining the dynamical view of rapidly evolving responses and the structural view arising from high-throughput analyses of the interacting species will be the best approach toward efforts toward greater understanding of intracellular signaling processes.
Mothers in “Incest Families” A Critique of Blame and Its Destructive Sequels

Prevailing attitudes toward mothers in families in which father-daughter incest is disclosed cause a destructive misdirecting of blame that ultimately supports victimization of women. Blame-oriented explanations of mothers' roles are critically reviewed and contrasted with feminist reassessments in a sociopolitical context. Identified as additional victims in the complex matrix of family and community, mothers are revictimized by a clinical establishment that upholds the nonconscious patriarchal ideology underlying violence against women. Clinicians need to validate and support mothers in their “disenfranchised grief” so they can better help their daughters to heal, and to design and lobby for programs that will promote social changes necessary for a more egalitarian society.
Effects of estrogen deprivation on brain estrogen and progestin receptor levels and the activation of female sexual behavior.

Ovariectomy (OVX) in rats is followed by a decline in behavioral sensitivity to combined estrogen and progesterone therapy. The purpose of this study was to further characterize this behavioral change, and to explore its biochemical basis in terms of estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations in the brain. Sexually inexperienced female rats were used 5 (short-term) or 35 (long-term) days after OVX. Short- and long-term OVX animals were injected with estradiol-17β (E2; 36 μg/kg body wt, iv) then subjected to one of the following three treatment schedules. (1) Animals were treated with progesterone (1 mg, sc in oil) 20–21 hr after E2 injection, then tested at 24 hr for female sexual behavior. (2) One or twelve hours after the E2, cell nuclear estrogen receptors (ERn) were measured in the pituitary (PIT) and pooled preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus (POA-MBH). (3) Twenty-four hours after E2, progestin receptor (PRc) concentrations were measured in cytoplasmic fractions prepared from PIT and POA-MBH. Long-term OVX animals showed a reduced capacity to exhibit proceptive and receptive sexual behavior, and a lower PRc level in the PIT and POA-MBH 24 hr after E2 injection than animals that had been OVX for only 5 days. However, no differences were observed between long- and short-term OVX rats with respect to ERn concentrations in PIT and POA-MBH cell nuclei 1 or 12 hr after E2. Thus, it appears that the decline in behavioral responsiveness to E2 which occurs after ovariectomy cannot be attributed to a decrease in the ability of E2 to translocate estrogen receptors into POA-MBH cell nuclei, but is more probably associated with a change in the biochemical processes subsequent to ERn binding. One of these processes may well be the induction of cytoplasmic progestin receptors.
A review of synthesis techniques for supervisory control of manufacturing systems

Petri nets are being used in modeling and control of discrete event systems due to their capability to capture the characteristics inherent to those systems. For complex systems the Petri net model is too large to analyze. Synthesis techniques are developed to overcome this difficulty. In this paper we review the existing synthesis methods and discuss some classes of problems which are not totally addressed.
Management of patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on Papanicolaou smears

Management of patients whose Papanicolaou smears show atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) is a complex challenge for the family physician. It is critical that patients with the ASCUS smear be properly evaluated and triaged, as the ASCUS smear may be a manifestation of high-grade disease in 20% or more of cases. Several options for triage exist. Colposcopy is considered by many the option of choice. However, alternative options include cervicography, speculoscopy, and human papillomavirus subtyping. For proper management of the patient with the ASCUS smear, the clinician must consider the patient's Pap test history, risk factors for cervical cancer, and the cytopathologist's interpretation/recommendation.
Increased atherosclerosis in myeloperoxidase-deficient mice

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme enzyme secreted by activated phagocytes, generates an array of oxidants proposed to play critical roles in host defense and local tissue damage. Both MPO and its reaction products are present in human atherosclerotic plaque, and it has been proposed that MPO oxidatively modifies targets in the artery wall. We have now generated MPO-deficient mice, and show here that neutrophils from homozygous mutants lack peroxidase and chlorination activity in vitro and fail to generate chlorotyrosine or to kill Candida albicans in vivo. To examine the potential role of MPO in atherosclerosis, we subjected LDL receptor-deficient mice to lethal irradiation, repopulated their marrow with MPO-deficient or wild-type cells, and provided them a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 14 weeks. White cell counts and plasma lipoprotein profiles were similar between the two groups at sacrifice. Cross-sectional analysis of the aorta indicated that lesions in MPO-deficient mice were about 50% larger than controls. Similar results were obtained in a genetic cross with LDL receptor-deficient mice. In contrast to advanced human atherosclerotic lesions, the chlorotyrosine content of aortic lesions from wild-type as well as MPO-deficient mice was essentially undetectable. These data suggest an unexpected, protective role for MPO-generated reactive intermediates in murine atherosclerosis. They also identify an important distinction between murine and human atherosclerosis with regard to the potential involvement of MPO in protein oxidation.
The Coordination between Faculty and Technical Support Staff in Updating Computer Technology Courses - A Case Example

Faculty teaching computer courses go through repeated updates of their classes in order to keep their programs current. The updates may include more than changing textbooks or adding a new volume. Instead, the changes may require the installation of new software, hardware, troubleshooting and solving complicated technology related problems. The faculty requesting these changes may need the expertise of technical staff in updating these technology courses and in solving emerging problems. In such cases, coordination and collaboration between the faculty and technical staff will be necessary in order to assure course updates. This paper reports on the collaboration between a faculty and technical staff at Eberly College of Business and Information Technology (ECOBIT) – Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP). Both faculty and technical staff have been working cooperatively at different levels to address course and programmatic changes for their computer curriculum. The details of this cooperation between the faculty and the technical staff are explained in this paper.
The effects of family college savings on postsecondary school enrollment rates of students with disabilities

Abstract This is the first study to examine whether parents’ college savings is positively associated with enrollment in postsecondary education of students in special education programs. In addition to examining postsecondary school enrollment among students with disabilities, we also examine whether students’ and parents’ college expectations act as a mediator between parents’ college savings and postsecondary school enrollment. We find that while not all types of college savings are associated with postsecondary enrollment, college bonds are a consistent and strong statistically significant predictor of postsecondary enrollment of students with disabilities. Further, we find evidence that students’ and parents’ college expectations act as a partial mediator between college bonds and enrollment in postsecondary school.
Rough Sheets and Smooth Tubules

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has distinct morphological domains composed of sheets and tubules, which differ in their characteristic membrane curvature. Key proteins may drive the formation of these structural morphologies, which in turn could generate the rough and smooth functional domains of the ER.
Mortality Due to Gastroenteritis of Unknown Etiology in the United States

Gastroenteritis of unknown etiology (GUE) is a significant cause of mortality in the United States. In the present study, the demographic and medical characteristics of people who died of GUE were examined, using the 1995-1997 Multiple Cause of Death files to calculate GUE death rates and proportionate mortality ratios. There were 13,153 GUE deaths during the period, or approximately 4400 deaths per year. Death rates were highest among infants and elderly persons, especially nursing home residents, and increased during the winter months. Compared with all decedents, GUE decedents were more likely to have certain other medical conditions, including bacteremia, volume depletion, renal failure, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Fatal GUE often appeared to be infectious in origin, but death certificates provide insufficient information to determine whether the causative agents were unknown or foodborne. The accuracy of GUE reporting on death certificates and the etiology of fatal GUE merit further investigation.
Developing Predictive Models for Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) in the Appalachians: Limitations and Directions for Future Research

Abstract: Eastern North America contains the greatest diversity of freshwater mussels in the world. Additional information on threats and on habitat requirements and distributions of freshwater mussels is necessary to preserve diverse freshwater mussel communities, as many species are in decline. Models of freshwater mussels can predict species distributions by determining natural and anthropogenic environmental factors within the watershed, riparian area, or upstream that may influence occurrences. Subwatershed-based models developed for Elliptio complanata and E. dilatata in the Mid-Atlantic and Ohio drainage regions of the United States using existing survey data performed well on training datasets but did not accurately predict independent species occurrences. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the quality of existing data, the utility of subwatershed-based models, and the feasibility of modelling freshwater mussel distributions across large extents. Nomenclature: Turgeon et al., 1998.
The effect of filtering on communication using synchronized chaotic circuits

It is suspected that chaos will be useful for communications, but little is known about how real communications channels will degrade chaotic signals. In this work, the signals from two different chaotic transmitters are passed through filters to simulate some kinds of channel distortion. The effect of the filtering is determined by measuring the signal strength of a test signal detected by a synchronized chaotic receiver.
Three-dimensional Morphology of the Knee Reveals Ethnic Differences

Background Studies have demonstrated sex differences in femoral shape and quadriceps angle raising a question of whether implant design should be sex-specific. Much of this research has addressed shape differences within the Caucasian population and little is known about differences among ethnic groups.
Mentally Ill Offenders Involved With the U.S. Criminal Justice System: A Synthesis

This paper sought to synthesize what is currently known about mentally ill offenders in American jails and prisons based upon the most recent government and congressional reports and relevant literature review. The primary goal is to provide a detailed picture of the status of mentally ill offenders—including prevalence, basic demographic information, bio-psychosocial status, mental health, and family histories—and also to identify the problems, conditions, and obstacles faced while under the jurisdiction of the criminal justice system. Mentally ill offenders are constitutionally guaranteed basic mental health treatment. A review of the literature indicates that this constitutional guarantee is not being adequately fulfilled. Implications and suggestions for change are discussed.
Hearty miR-363 controls HAND1 in cardiac cell specification

MicroRNAs regulate target gene expression post-transcriptionally in a myriad of cell types and play critical roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cardiomyocyte development, differentiation, and regeneration. The recent publication in Stem Cell Research and Therapy by Wagh and colleagues reports a novel regulatory role for miR-363 in cardiomyocyte specification. By employing microRNA expression profiling and functional knockdown studies on human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the authors identified miR-363 as an upstream negative regulator of left ventricular specification transcription factor HAND1.
A randomized controlled evaluation of a spiritually integrated treatment for subclinical anxiety in the Jewish community, delivered via the Internet

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of a spiritually integrated treatment (SIT) for subclinical anxiety in the Jewish community. Method: One hundred and twenty-five self-reported religious Jewish individuals with elevated levels of stress and worry received SIT ( n= 36), progressive muscle relaxation (PMR, n= 42), or a waitlist control condition (WLC, n= 47). SIT and PMR participants accessed Internet-based treatment on a daily basis for a period of 2 weeks. All participants completed self-report assessments at pre-treatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and 6–8-week follow-up (T3). Results: SIT participants reported large improvements in primary (stress and worry) and secondary (depression and intolerance of uncertainty) outcomes, and moderate improvements in spiritual outcomes (positive/negative religious coping; trust/mistrust in God). SIT participants reported greater belief in treatment credibility, greater expectancies from treatment and greater treatment satisfaction than PMR participants. SIT participants also reported better improvements in both primary outcomes (stress and worry), one of two secondary outcomes (intolerance of uncertainty), and two of four spiritual outcomes (positive religious coping and mistrust in God) compared to the WLC group, whereas PMR and WLC participants did not differ on most outcomes. Conclusions: Results of this investigation offer initial support for the efficacy of SIT for the treatment of subclinical anxiety symptoms among religious Jews. Results further suggest that it is important to incorporate spiritual content into treatment to help facilitate the delivery of psychotherapy to religious individuals.
A combination approach to engineering bone regeneration: Biomineral presentation and induced angiogenesis

Describes an approach to engineer bone regeneration by simultaneously directing growth of bone tissue and vascular tissue. Macroporous scaffolds composed of biomineralized 85:15 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) were loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF), a potent stimulator of rapid angiogenesis, for sustained release. The presence of a biomineral substrate, similar in structure and composition to bone mineral, led to increased infiltration of bone forming cells and significantly enhanced regeneration of osteoid matrix and mineralized tissue within a rat cranium critical defect. In addition, sustained release of VEGF from mineralized scaffolds induced rapid ingrowth of blood vessels and an ultimate increase in regeneration of mineralized tissue. These results support the concept of therapeutic angiogenesis in tissue engineering strategies. Similar approaches combining an extracellular matrix cue with an inductive soluble signal may find utility in engineering of other tissue types by more closely mimicking in vivo signaling environments.
TCR-Mediated Notch Signaling Regulates Proliferation and IFN-γ Production in Peripheral T Cells

Notch genes encode membrane receptors that regulate cell fate decisions in metazoa. Notch receptors and ligands are expressed in developing lymphoid tissue and mature lymphocytes and the role of Notch signaling in early T and B cell development has been studied extensively. However, its contribution to mature T cell function is unknown. TCR-mediated T cell activation is a fundamental process of the adaptive immune system that has been studied for decades; however, the details of this process are incompletely understood. In this study, we present evidence that Notch is required for TCR-mediated activation of peripheral T cells. Inhibition of Notch activation dramatically decreases T cell proliferation in both CD4 and CD8 cells and blocks both NF-κB activity and IFN-γ production in peripheral T cells. Our data reveal a new, nondevelopmental function of Notch as a previously unknown key link in peripheral T cell activation and cytokine secretion.
Induction of endocycles represses apoptosis independently of differentiation and predisposes cells to genome instability

The endocycle is a common developmental cell cycle variation wherein cells become polyploid through repeated genome duplication without mitosis. We previously showed that Drosophila endocycling cells repress the apoptotic cell death response to genotoxic stress. Here, we investigate whether it is differentiation or endocycle remodeling that promotes apoptotic repression. We find that when nurse and follicle cells switch into endocycles during oogenesis they repress the apoptotic response to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation, and that this repression has been conserved in the genus Drosophila over 40 million years of evolution. Follicle cells defective for Notch signaling failed to switch into endocycles or differentiate and remained apoptotic competent. However, genetic ablation of mitosis by knockdown of Cyclin A or overexpression of fzr/Cdh1 induced follicle cell endocycles and repressed apoptosis independently of Notch signaling and differentiation. Cells recovering from these induced endocycles regained apoptotic competence, showing that repression is reversible. Recovery from fzr/Cdh1 overexpression also resulted in an error-prone mitosis with amplified centrosomes and high levels of chromosome loss and fragmentation. Our results reveal an unanticipated link between endocycles and the repression of apoptosis, with broader implications for how endocycles may contribute to genome instability and oncogenesis.
Evolution without Species: The Case of Mosaic Bacteriophages

Recent work in viral genomics has shown that bacteriophages exhibit a high degree of mosaicism, which is most likely due to a long history of prolific horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Given these findings, we argue that each of the most plausible attempts to properly classify bacteriophages into distinct species fail. Mayr’s biological species concept fails because there is no useful viral analog to sexual reproduction. Phenetic species concepts fail because they obscure the mosaicism and the rich reticulated viral histories. Phylogenetic species concepts, even when extended to take into account reticulation, fail because there is no non-arbitrary distinction between recombination events that create a new viral species and those that do not. There is good reason to think that bacteriophages, arguably the Earth’s most abundant biological agent, evolve without forming species.
Improving current microbial pathway models by statistical modeling of phenotype array experiments

Hundreds of bacterial genomes have been sequenced, but only a fraction of the genes have known biochemical function. Advances in cellular phenotyping promise to narrow the gap and improve current annotations. Phenotype MicroArrays (PMs) simultaneously measure the response of an organism against thousands of conditions, and thus provide a high-throughput means to characterize microbial phenotypes and metabolism. The PM technology is completely automated, but current analysis methods involve time consuming visual inspection of the data, and thus present a bottleneck. We propose rigorous statistical methods to automatically assess the results of PM experiments, and to incorporate the functional information gained from PMs with existing knowledge from complementary genomic and proteomic platforms. The impact will be an improved data mining of high-throughput phenotype experiments, as well as an unprecedented ability to characterize microbes and improve current microbial pathway models.
Redescriptions of the Dampwood Termites Neotermes jouteli and N. luykxi (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) from Florida, Cuba, Bahamas, and Turks and Caicos Islands

Two species of dampwood termites, Neotermes jouteli (Banks) and N. luykxi Nickle & Collins, are redescribed based on the imago and the small and large soldier caste. Morphological characters are reported to separate the above castes of these two species. N. jouteli occurs in southeastern Florida, the central Bahamas, Cuba, and Mexico. N. luykxi is endemic to southeastern Florida, the Bahamas, and Turks and Caicos Islands, but is apparently absent from Cuba. A key to the Neotermes found sympatrically with N. luykxi is given.
Optimization Models with Probabilistic Constraints

This chapter presents an overview of the theory and numerical techniques for optimization models involving one or more constraints on probability functions. We focus on recent developments involving nonlinear probabilistic models. The theoretical fundament includes the theory and examples of generalized concavity for functions and measures, and some specific properties of probability distributions, including discrete distributions. We analyze the structure and properties of the constraining probabilistic functions and of the probabilistically constrained sets. An important part of the analysis is the development of algebraic constraints equivalent to the probabilistic ones. Optimality and duality theory for such models is presented.
Getting from Here to There in Election Reform: A Trio of Ideas

This paper proposes three different ideas for election reform: model districting commissions, a Democracy Index, and a Model Election Code. The three ideas are united by a single theme: we have a "here to there" problem in election reform. We have a good sense of the "here" (the problems with our current system) and lots of ideas about the "there" (how things ought to work in the future). But we need to focus more on the "here to there" - how to create an environment in which meaningful reform might actually take root. If we want to create a more receptive environment for election reform, we should keep two priorities in mind. First, we should focus on changing the terms of the debate, which thus far has not resulted in a great deal of movement on reform issues. That is because, in my view, the key players in the reform process - voters, judges, the media, and policymakers - almost always lack a yardstick for judging reform debates. Ideally, these yardsticks should work not just for elites who are capable of absorbing complex debates, but for voters who will at best rely on shortcuts and heuristics to referee fights over election reform. Second, we should focus on the mechanisms that spur policy diffusion. There is a robust social science literature on policymaking mimicry. That literature suggests that shortcuts play a useful role in diffusing best practices. If our goal is to get from "here to there," the question is whether we can create other institutional and decisionmaking shortcuts that would build on these insights to speed the spread of good policy.
Theory of high harmonic generation from atoms and ions

Short-pulse, high-intensity lasers are currently being used to study excitation-ionization processes in atomic gases. The electromagnetic fields reach the regime in which they equal or exceed the interatomic (Coulomb) interaction strengths, leading to strongly nonperturbative behavior in these systems. We have explicitly solved the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for an atom in a pulsed field by using a finite-difference technique to understand the dynamics of the emission processes. Both electrons and photons can be emitted during the pulse, and the time-dependent wave function provides information about the competition between these processes.
Application of Compositional Analysis to the Study of Materials and Objects of Art and Archaeology

Archaeologists, art historians and art conservators are almost constantly concerned with the questions of where, when and by whom the objects within their care were made. Knowledge of the conditions under which the objects were found may not answer these questions, as the objects may have traveled extensively or have existed for some time before they arrived at sites where they were discovered. Stylistic considerations often can provide answers, but not infallibly, as styles were sometimes copied at locations and at times quite different from those for which they were most characteristic. Compositional analysis can often help provide answers to these questions because traditions in the use of particular materials have often persisted in and accordingly have been characteristic of particular regions, periods and even of particular workshops. For example, the deliberate alloying of copper with tin, arsenic, antimony, lead and/or zinc has varied greatly from region to region and from time to time.
A Significant Synonym of Celerio intermedia Kirby (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

Recently I searched the literature for data to be included in an article on the community of insects associated with a wild four-o'clock, Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.). One insect of this association is Celerio lineata Fabr., the lined Sphinx, a common North American moth. I had discovered this large caterpillar on the leaves of M. nyctaginea in Champaign County, Illinois. When consulting various sources for lists of the food plants of C. lineata , I discovered that its close relative, C. intermedia , has the synonym C. oxybaphi Clem. While synonyms are generally looked upon as objectionable because they tend to confuse nontaxonomic biologists and also clutter systematic studies, the name oxybaphi is useful because informative.
Socrates’ Debt to Asclepius: Physicians and Philosophers with Asclepian Souls in Late Antiquity

This article examines the development of the aspect of health in late Neoplatonic ontology as originated in Proclus and illustrated in Marinus’ Life of Proclus and Damascius’ Life of Isidore . In light of the steadily growing Neoplatonic interest in the philosophic value of the body and the widely spreading presence of the new and only Savior, Proclus looks closer at the Demiurge’s cosmological activity in the universe to discern its health-instituting nature based upon which he builds a health register distinguishing between Demiurgic and Asclepian health. The former maintains the orderly balance in the universe; the latter restores the individual’s health. Between the two kinds of health extends a healing ontological “chain” unfolding from the Demiurge through Apollo, Asclepius, and the healing heroes, ending in certain individual souls, which are endowed with special healing powers, i.e., Asclepian souls. Two examples of such souls are Proclus himself, as portrayed in his biography by Marinus, and one Iacobus Psychristus, as documented in Damascius’ Life of Isidore . The fact that one is a philosopher and the other is a physician captures the symbiotic relation of philosophy and medicine in late antiquity.
The regulation of immunoglobulin production by B cells in patients with endometriosis

Nineteen patients with endometriosis and 26 control infertile patients were included in the study. All patients were undergoing laparoscopy as part of their infertility evaluations. The study was conducted on sterile heparinized peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid. The age range was 20 to 37 years for both groups. Mononuclear cells were isolated on Ficoll-hypaque density gradients. T cells, B cells, and T cell subsets were identified by the specific immunobead rosette technique. Mononuclear cells 1 × 10 6 were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium and stimulated in the presence or absence of pokeweed mitogen. Immunoglobulin production was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Increased amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig) IgG and IgA were demonstrated in the peritoneal cell cultures ( P P P
Axisymmetric Stress Wave Propagation in Sand

Experiments were conducted in which a rigid cylindrical weight was dropped onto the surface of a bed of sand. Soil stress gages and soil strain gages embedded in the sand were employed to measure the soil response to the impacting weight. These measurements were analyzed to determine the effects of inertia on the soil behavior. Experimental results indicated, due to soil inertia during the intial phases of the impulse loading, the displacements were elastic with plastic behavior being evident in the stress measurements. Beyond the initial phase the inertia effects decreased and plastic behavior was noted in the strain and displacement measurements as well as the stresses. The results further indicated the response of a footing to an impulsive load may be divided into different inertial regimes depending on the rise time of the transient load.
The effects of administration of ethyl alcohol to mice on megakaryocyte and platelet development

The effects of administration to laboratory mice of 5-20% ethyl alcohol (v:v) as drinking water on megakaryocyte and platelet development were studied and compared with data on controls given tap water. In two separate experiments, mice given 5-15% ethyl alcohol (v:v) for 13 or 11 weeks showed decreases in platelet counts and platelet 35S uptake when compared to the control groups. Mice fed 5-20% alcohol for five weeks showed platelet counts, bone marrow megakaryocyte numbers and diameters that were significantly reduced to 72% (P less than 0.001), 45% (P less than 0.001), and 71% (P less than 0.01), respectively. The data implied that ethyl alcohol ingestion had a direct inhibitory effect on megakaryocyte and platelet development in mice, which resulted in a marked reduction in the levels of circulating platelets.
Appropriating Heidegger: Philosophy, thinkers, and Heidegger's place in the history of being

The End of Philosophy The response to Heidegger in the analytical world is, to a considerable degree, a paraphrase of Rudolf Carnap’s 1932 essay “Uberwindung der Metaphysik durch Logische Analyse der Sprache.” To the extent Heidegger intends to make philosophical claims with assertions like “the nothing nothings,” Carnap charges, his writings are utterly meaningless; to the extent that Heidegger is creating art, he does it poorly. Or, more likely, Heidegger’s work, like that of all metaphysicians, confounds art and philosophy: Metaphysicians are musicians without musical ability. Instead they have a strong inclination to work within the medium of the theoretical, to connect concepts and thoughts. Now, instead of activating, on the one hand, this inclination in the domain of science, and satisfying, on the other hand, the need for expression in art, the metaphysician confuses the two and produces a structure which achieves nothing for knowledge and something inadequate for the expression of attitude. To respond to such charges with a defense of the meaningfulness of Heidegger’s claims about “the nothing” would, however, miss the deeper point. Carnap’s analysis of Heidegger’s alleged “pseudosentences” is really ancillary to the project of rehabilitating philosophy as a discipline – a project driven by Carnap’s view of language. For Carnap, assertions are meaningless unless they have empirical content. And if they have that, they belong properly to the empirical sciences. Thus, for Carnap and many others in the analytical tradition, philosophy (at least, when properly done) has no substantive content; instead, it is “only a method: the method of logical analysis.” This narrow view of philosophy – philosophy as a method of analysis – is grounded in a profound skepticism regarding our ability to discover truths about ourselves and our world through reason alone. Thus even analytical philosophers like Dummett – philosophers who “no longer regard the traditional questions of philosophy as pseudoquestions to which no meaningful answer can be given” – believe that “philosophy can take us no further than enabling us to command a clear view of the concepts by means of which we think about the world, and, by so doing, to attain a firmer grasp of the way we represent the world in our thought.” Philosophy, the analytical philosopher concludes, ought to abandon metaphysics (thereby leaving the empirical sciences in charge of the pursuit of substantive knowledge) and restrict itself to conceptual analysis.
Risk-based stress indicator for cascading contingencies

In order to assess power systems for exposure to cascading contingencies, this paper proposes a risk-based stress indicator, which measures the ability of the system to handle possible ‘N-k’ contingencies under a specific operation point. Successive application of line outage distribution factor (LODF) is adopted to compute power flows following outage of K lines. The risk-based stress indicator provides the ability to continuously monitor the power system for cascading exposure. Our methodology has been verified using the IEEE 30-bus system.
The machine of sonorous indigeneity: craftsmanship and sound ecology in an Andean instrument workshop

This article traces the relationship between sound and indigenous social politics in the South Peruvian Andes, through the medium of the chinlili guitar in and around the city of Ayacucho. Focusing on the role of its foremost maker in realigning indigeneity’s sonorous parameters, I show how craft expertise, technical and environmental affordances and ideological principles interact, placing the instrument at the heart of a changing indigenous soundscape. Drawing upon material culture studies, I treat instruments as sites of what Stiegler has called ‘tertiary retention’: mnemonic technical objects that condense relationships between sounds, materials and social categories that exist at the moment of their creation. I also adapt Adam Smith’s metaphor of the ‘machine’—an assemblage of human and non-human elements whose relationships permutate as they interact through time—as a useful trope for tracing the ethnographic study of such mnemonic objects.
Affective politics and non-sovereign identity

The paper proposes a new political philosophy of non-sovereign identity based on the model of politics without coercive sovereignty as a source of our political life. It argues that the formation o...
Cytochromes in chlorophyll-containing particles of Chromatium and Chlorobiumthiosulfatophilum

Abstract Since the photosynthetic bacteria appear to contain the simplest structural units capable of photophosphorylation (Anderson and Fuller, 1958) , the occurrence and nature of cytochromes in purified particles from photo-synthetic bacteria can provide information for investigation of their function. This paper reports observations on the cytochrome content of purified chlorophyll-containing particles from the purple sulfur photoanaerobe, Chromatium strain D, and the green sulfur photoanaerobe, Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum . Information is presented about the relationship of these cytochromes to cytochrome f and to those isolated from Chromatium by Newton and Kamen (1956) and Bartsch and Kamen (1960) .
McCloskey's Dutch Problem: Capitalist Rhetoric and the Economic History of Holland

Deirdre McCloskey argues that rhetoric and ideas were essential for the rise of capitalism in the Netherlands in the seventeenth century. Dutch scholars could benefit from McCloskey’s views on the topic, but they will be reluctant to engage her work because it is devoid of primary research and does not engage most major works in the relevant historiography. Indeed, McCloskey appears to mostly select older English-language works sympathetic to her thesis, but ignores competing views. Contemporary scholarship, in Dutch and in English, emphasizes the important role of institutions and government actors in early Dutch capitalism. This article aims to situate McCloskey’s work within this literature, with the hope for more discussion in the field.
Metabolic Profiling of IDH Mutation and Malignant Progression in Infiltrating Glioma

Infiltrating low grade gliomas (LGGs) are heterogeneous in their behavior and the strategies used for clinical management are highly variable. A key factor in clinical decision-making is that patients with mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) oncogenes are more likely to have a favorable outcome and be sensitive to treatment. Because of their relatively long overall median survival, more aggressive treatments are typically reserved for patients that have undergone malignant progression (MP) to an anaplastic glioma or secondary glioblastoma (GBM). In the current study, ex vivo metabolic profiles of image-guided tissue samples obtained from patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent LGG were investigated using proton high-resolution magic angle spinning spectroscopy (1H HR-MAS). Distinct spectral profiles were observed for lesions with IDH-mutated genotypes, between astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma histologies, as well as for tumors that had undergone MP. Levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) were correlated with increased mitotic activity, axonal disruption, vascular neoplasia, and with several brain metabolites including the choline species, glutamate, glutathione, and GABA. The information obtained in this study may be used to develop strategies for in vivo characterization of infiltrative glioma, in order to improve disease stratification and to assist in monitoring response to therapy.
Optimizing Use of Girdled Ash Trees for Management of Low-Density Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Populations

Effective survey methods to detect and monitor recently established, low-density infestations of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), remain a high priority because they provide land managers and property owners with time to implement tactics to slow emerald ash borer population growth and the progression of ash mortality. We evaluated options for using girdled ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees for emerald ash borer detection and management in a low-density infestation in a forested area with abundant green ash (F. pennsylvanica). Across replicated 4-ha plots, we compared detection efficiency of 4 versus 16 evenly distributed girdled ash trees and between clusters of 3 versus 12 girdled trees. We also examined within-tree larval distribution in 208 girdled and nongirdled trees and assessed adult emerald ash borer emergence from detection trees felled 11 mo after girdling and left on site. Overall, current-year larvae were present in 85–97% of girdled trees and 57–72% of nongirdled trees, and larval density was 2–5 times greater on girdled than nongirdled trees. Low-density emerald ash borer infestations were readily detected with four girdled trees per 4-ha, and 3-tree clusters were as effective as 12-tree clusters. Larval densities were greatest 0.5 ± 0.4 m below the base of the canopy in girdled trees and 1.3 ± 0.7 m above the canopy base in nongirdled trees. Relatively few adult emerald ash borer emerged from trees felled 11 mo after girdling and left on site through the following summer, suggesting removal or destruction of girdled ash trees may be unnecessary. This could potentially reduce survey costs, particularly in forested areas with poor accessibility.
Traumatic Intraparenchymal Pseudoaneurysm on Initial Imaging Predicts Injury Progression in Patients with Nonoperative Major Blunt Liver Injury

Abstract Objective: Identify factors that would predict which patients would benefit from repeat imaging after major blunt liver injury. Summary of Background Data: Most patients who present with hemodynamic stability and no evidence of peritonitis after blunt liver injury are successfully managed nonoperatively. Little information is available regarding the utility of reimaging major blunt liver injuries for patients who are managed nonoperatively. Methods: A retrospective review of patients admitted to a level I trauma center with major blunt liver injuries (AAST grades 3-5) was conducted. Inclusion criteria were those admitted from July 2012 to June 2014 with blunt liver trauma who survived the first 24 hours and underwent repeat imaging. Data included demographics, procedures performed and computerized tomography (CT) scan findings. Findings on the second CT scan were categorized as Unchanged, Worse, Improved, or Negative. Results: 128 patients had blunt major liver injuries; 66 patients underwent rep...
Model-based optimizations of packaged rooftop air conditioners using low global warming potential refrigerants

Abstract Based on laboratory investigations for R-22 and R-410A alternative low GWP refrigerants in two baseline rooftop air conditioners (RTU), the DOE/ORNL Heat Pump Design Model was used to model the two RTUs and the models were calibrated against the experimental data. We compared the compressor efficiencies and heat exchanger performances. An efficiency-based compressor mapping method was developed. Extensive model-based optimizations were conducted to provide a fair comparison between all the low GWP candidates by selecting optimal configurations. The results illustrate that all the R-22 low GWP refrigerants will lead to slightly lower COPs. ARM-20B appears to be the best R-22 replacement at normal conditions. At higher ambient temperatures, ARM-20A exhibits better performance. All R-410A low GWP candidates will result in similar or better efficiencies than R-410A. R-32 has the best COP while requiring the smallest compressor. R-452B uses the closest compressor displacement volume and achieves the same efficiency as R-410A.
Therapeutic Recreation. By Virginia Frye and Martha Peters

(1972). Therapeutic Recreation. By Virginia Frye and Martha Peters. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 223-226.