cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A framework for fast and fair evaluation of automata processing hardware

Programming Micron's Automata Processor (AP) requires expertise in both automata theory and the AP architecture, as programmers have to manually manipulate state transition elements (STEs) and their transitions with a low-level Automata Network Markup Language (ANML). When the required STEs of an application exceed the hardware capacity, multiple reconfigurations are needed. However, most previous AP-based designs limit the dataset size to fit into a single AP board and simply neglect the costly overhead of reconfiguration. This results in unfair performance comparisons between the AP and other processors. To address this issue, we propose a framework for the fast and fair evaluation of AP devices. Our framework provides a hierarchical approach that automatically generates automata for large datasets through user-defined paradigms and allows the use of cascadable macros to achieve highly optimized reconfigurations. We highlight the importance of counting the configuration time in the overall AP performance, which in turn, can provide better insight into identifying essential hardware features, specifically for large-scale problem sizes. Our framework shows that the AP can achieve up to 461x overall speedup fairly compared to CPU counterparts.
Impact on Dietary Choices After Discount Supermarket Opens in Low-Income Community.

Abstract Objective To examine (1) the association of a new supermarket opening with dietary intake and perceptions of healthy food availability, and (2) associations of distance to the primary food store and mean prices of fruits, vegetables, and sugary beverages with levels of consumption of these foods and body mass index in a low-income, southeastern community. Methods The researchers used cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire data and supermarket audit data collected in the supermarket community and comparison community before (2015) and after (2016) the supermarket opening. A difference-in-difference analysis employed propensity scores to compare pretest and posttest differences between communities. Results There were no significant differences between communities on dietary behaviors. There was a significant cross-sectional, inverse association between distance to the primary food store and fruit and vegetable consumption among all respondents in 2016. Conclusions and Implications The results suggest that adding a new discount supermarket is not necessarily associated with improvements in residents' fruit, vegetable, or sugary beverage consumption, or in their perceptions of the availability of healthy food in the neighborhood. However, distance to the store may be important.
Inferring API elements relevant to an english query

Software libraries can be used in different ways, but not all of their APIs are well documented in the documentation and programming guides. To recommend an API usage from a query, recently, going beyond searching for existing code, researchers have aimed to generate new API code, by exploring statistical approaches including phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) [5], probabilistic CFG [4], AST-based translation [2], and deep neural network [3]. A key limitation of existing approaches is the strict order of translation from left to right, leading to low accuracy in the resulting APIs.
Experimental use of 2-nitropropanol for reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in the ceca of broiler chicks.

The effect of 2-nitropropanol (2NPOH) administration on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in experimentally infected chicks was determined. Chicks orally challenged with 10 6 CFU/ml of a novobiocin- and naladixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium at 6 days of age were divided into three groups receiving 0 (control), 6.5, and 13 mg 2NPOH per bird (experiment 1) or four groups receiving 0 (control), 13, 65, and 130 mg 2NPOH per bird (experiment 2). Treatments were administered orally 1 day post-Salmonella challenge. Cecal contents collected at necropsy 24 and 48 h after treatment were subjected to bacterial and volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis. In experiment 1, concentrations (mean ± SD log CFU per g) of Salmonella were reduced (P < 0.05) in the group administered 13 mg 2NPOH per bird at both the 24- and 48-h samplings compared with the controls (2.58 ± 2.10 versus 4.64 ± 1.79 and 2.88 ± 2.78 versus 5.03 ± 2.42 at 24 and 48 h, respectively). In experiment 2, mean ± SD populations of Salmonella were reduced (P < 0.05) in all groups receiving 2NPOH compared with untreated controls (3.65 ± 2.01, 3.39 ± 2.42, and 3.47 ± 1.55 at 13, 65, and 130 mg, respectively, versus 6.09 ± 1.02). Propionate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) by the 13-mg 2NPOH per bird treatment. Total VFA concentrations from the group treated with 13 mg 2NPOH per bird were lower (P < 0.05) by 48, but not 24, hours posttreatment than those from the group treated with 6.5 mg 2NPOH per bird. These results demonstrate the inhibitory activity of 2NPOH against Salmonella Typhimurium in vivo.
The phenomenon of lifestyle retail in China: from literature review to research propositions

In this study, we focused on apparel lifestyle fashion stores (e.g., Anthropologie), which convey their values and meanings by building attractive physical store environment and providing unique products and/or services. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of lifestyle retail in China. In specific, we utilized a review of literature method to explore (1) the meanings and functions of lifestyle retailing in China, (2) Chinese consumers' current lifestyles, and (3) the influence of store environment under lifestyle retailing. The total number of publications that we reviewed was 56, most of which are academic journals or books. Four research propositions were developed as the outcomes of our literature analysis and the guidance for the future empirical studies in this emerging research area. Current study is calling more research attention to the phenomenon of lifestyle retail in China.
A Recursive Data-driven Model for Traffic Flow Predictions for Locations with Faulty Sensors

Traffic flow prediction, as an integral part of intelligent transportation systems, is carried out by using data from the traffic sensors in the network. In a typical traffic prediction for a specific location, the most essential data has traditionally been the recent traffic flow records obtained from that same location. However, sensors are prone to failure, and as a result recent traffic measurements for the location of interest may be unavailable. In this work, we propose a model that predicts the traffic flow for locations with faulty sensors, solely by using traffic measurements from neighboring sensors. We use an online recursive regression approach to train the predictive model. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methodology using sensor data from California freeways. The results show that the developed model successfully predicts traffic flow with more than 95% accuracy on average.
Uncalculated First‐Party Externalities Given a Beverage Tax

With many characterizing obesity as a national priority, the U.S. government is considering a 1‐, 2‐, or 3‐cents‐per‐ounce (cpo) federal sin tax on soda products. Objective Because prior research finds that consumers substitute equally, if not more, dangerous nicotine products with a tobacco sin tax and common alcohol‐like household goods with alcohol prohibition, this research sets out to determine whether the imposition of a soda sin tax produces similar first‐party externalities. Method Adaptive conjoint analysis is utilized among respondents across several regions of the United States, including actual soda consumers. Results This study finds that given a soda sin tax, soda consumers do not substitute healthier beverages, that is, beverages with relatively fewer calories and grams of sugar and sodium, such as water, pure fruit juice, or unsweetened tea. Instead, soda consumers switch to other sugary beverages not considered in most legislation, such as sweetened coffees, teas, or sports drinks, or continue consuming soda at tax rates of 2 and 3 cpo after the shock of a one‐cent tax wears off. Conclusion Unlike prior research examining decreased soda consumption across a general marketplace, this research offers insight into potential externalities among the key transacting actors in such an exchange: soda consumers.
Surgical Ethics and Diversity

Surgeons have an ethical obligation to ensure all patients, regardless of their personal characteristics, receive the same quality of care. Established surgeons also have an obligation to ensure equal treatment for their peers and for those who would like to join the field. The commitment to ethical hiring and working standards entails making certain all individuals have the same opportunities free from discriminatory practices. The world of business has long realized the positive implications of having a diverse and inclusive workforce. Studies have shown a positive correlation between increased racial and gender diversity and company performance. Diversity can lead to an increase in knowledge by sharing ideas with individuals who come from different life experiences and breakdown cultural barriers. We have already begun to see the impact of ignoring the importance of diversity within healthcare, including surgery. Healthcare disparities are defined by the NIH (National Institutes of Health) as “differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups.” Healthcare disparities persist despite decades acknowledging their existence, and they are pernicious and prevalent in surgery. One proposed method to help reduce or eliminate healthcare disparities is to increase the diversity of the workforce treating the patients, which would in turn reduce potential bias the patients face in the healthcare setting. Implicit bias can play a key role in interactions with patients and colleagues and needs to be explored on an individual basis. Cultural competence training can also provide surgeons the ability to effectively communicate with not only a diverse population of patients but also a diverse surgical workforce. All surgeons regardless of their role can have a positive impact on diversity as it relates to patient care and the surgical workforce.
Road Edge Detection in All Weather and Illumination via Driving Video Mining

To prevent vehicles running off road, road edge detection is a fundamental function. Current work on road edge detection has not exhaustively tackled all weather and illumination conditions. In this paper, we first sort roads under various illuminations. Then, data mining is applied to a large driving video set to learn the qualitative and statistical distribution of road edge appearances. The corresponding features are selected for robust road edge detection. To visualize road appearance and evaluate the accuracy of detected road, a compact road profile image is generated from video data. Through the examination of all weather and illumination conditions, our road detection methods can locate road edges in good weather, reduce errors in dark illuminations, and report road invisibility in poor illumination.
Abstract WP390: Closing the Gap: Integrating Community Paramedics in Stroke Patients Transition to Home

Background and Issues: The transition of stroke patients home is complex. Assessment of functional status and coordination of healthcare and support services while engaging patient and family to be...
Teachers’ epistemic cognition in situ: Evidence from classroom assessment

Abstract Assessment tasks require the coordination of multiple knowledge-related goals for various audiences, and therefore provide an authentic context to observe teachers’ epistemic cognition in practice. In this instrumental case study, we investigated seven, fifth grade English Language Arts teachers’ epistemic cognition as they evaluated students’ classroom assessments. Our analyses revealed that the components of epistemic cognition identified in the literature emerged in these teachers’ assessment processes. Moreover, we found evidence that teachers’ epistemic cognition was iterative and nuanced, and required shifts in aims and reliable processes. This resulted in teachers forming new kinds of “epistemic matters” and questions beyond those ideas noted in existing models of epistemic cognition. Significance and implications are discussed.
Improving Depression Care

In their article, Gliklich and colleagues report on a national initiative to develop “harmonized” outcome measures for depression. The editorialist discusses why improved uniformity in measurements...
The Reproductive Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis in Lampreys

This chapter reviews the knowledge of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the control of reproduction in lampreys. In gnathostomes, the hypothalamus and pituitary have well-defined roles in the control of reproduction. Up until the late 1970s, it was thought that the agnathan lampreys did not have the same neuroendocrine control of reproduction seen in the jawed vertebrates, in part due to their lack of the typical anatomical hypothalamic-pituitary connection. Since then and during the past three decades, there have been rapid advances in our knowledge of the structure and function of the hypothalamic and pituitary hormones and respective receptors in lampreys. This chapter highlights the delineation of the neuroendocrine system that has come from 30 years of research on the biochemical, molecular, anatomical, immunohistochemical, and functional studies that have established that lampreys, similar to the jawed vertebrates, have a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and that there is a high conservation of the mechanisms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone action. These findings also show that the neuroendocrine factors share common functional and developmental features compared to later evolved vertebrates.
Lessons from transforming second-year honors physics lab

New technology like the Arduino microcontroller platform presents an opportunity to transform Beyond the First Year (BFY) physics labs to better prepare physics students for work in research labs and beyond. The flexibility, low cost, and power of these devices provide an attractive way for students to learn to use and master research-grade instrumentation. Therefore, we introduced new technology, including Arduino Due microcontroller boards, to a second-year honors physics lab in order to provide improved learning experiences for students. This transformation was implemented in three lab modules and focused on diminishing the black box nature of the traditional labs while encouraging students to engage in troubleshooting. The importance of troubleshooting was made evident to students by the instructor emphasizing it as an inevitable and central part of experimentation. This lab transformation also required that students perform work that was “above and beyond” the scope of the assigned experimental work for part of the course credit. While the technological aspects of the transformation were received well by a majority of students, our observations during the initial implementation suggested a need for some modifications to instructional practices in order to improve the learning and experiences for all students. In particular, we find that many students can benefit from additional scaffolding in order to complete above and beyond work. Similarly, we find that students in general, and under-represented students such as women, in particular, may need thoughtful intervention from the instructor, e.g., in order to avoid becoming isolated when the lab work is designed for pair work. Otherwise, some students may be left to work alone with a disproportionate work-load if students choose their own partners. With these lessons taken into account, recent student experiences in the transformed lab were notably improved.
A Convenient Verisimilitude or Oppressive Internalization?: Characterizing the Ethical Augments Surrounding Hierarchical Structures in Knowledge Organization Systems

This paper considers the ethical concerns that surface around hierarchy as structure in knowledge organization systems. In order to do this, I consider the relationship between semantics and structure and argue for a separation of the two in design and critique of knowledge organization systems. The paper closes with an argument that agency and intention, as ethical concerns in knowledge organization, lead us to argue for a neutral stance on hierarchy.
SABRE: The Silicon Array for Branching Ratio Experiments

Abstract The Silicon Array for Branching Ratio Experiments (SABRE) has been developed for use to study reactions of interest to nuclear structure and astrophysics . The array has been incorporated into the Super Enge Split-Pole Spectrograph (SE-SPS) experimental setup at Florida State University’s John D. Fox accelerator laboratory to detect charged-particle decays in coincidence with reaction products detected by the SE-SPS focal plane detector. Its construction and electronics processing are discussed, as well as the commissioning data used to validate its performance.
Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the Urban Core and Suburban Periphery of Large Urban Areas in the U.S., 1980-2010

A division of large urban areas into an urban core and a suburban periphery is presented as an alternative to the traditional central city-suburb distinction, which has problems. An index of diversity is presented and used to calculate racial and ethnic diversity among whites, African Americans, Latinos, and Asians for the core and periphery of 59 large urban areas for the census years from 1980 to 2010. Average levels of diversity have increased over the period for both portions of the urban areas. That increase was greater in the suburban peripheries, resulting in diversity closer to the cores and showing that the suburbs are far more diverse than the earlier assumptions that the suburbs were largely white. For a quarter of the urban areas, the suburban periphery was actually more diverse than the urban core in 2010.
Ultrafast structural dynamics of strongly-THz-driven materials

Strong Terahertz (THz) pulses provide a unique opportunity to excite low frequency modes of complex materials. Ultrafast structural probes such as femtosecond x-ray or ultrafast electron diffraction can then be used to investigate structural changes of the lattice in response to the excitation. Since the probe pulses can potentially be much shorter than a cycle of the THz excitation waveform, it is possible to analyze the instantaneous response of the lattice to the known excitation field.
Histone/protein deacetylase 3 dictates critical aspects of regulatory T cell development and function.

Histone/protein deacetylase 3 dictates critical aspects of regulatory T cell development and function
InSAR analysis of the 2008 Reno‐Mogul earthquake swarm: Evidence for westward migration of Walker Lane style dextral faulting

and post-seismic slip over an area of more than � 150 km 2 . This earthquake is one of the smallest magnitude events modeled with InSAR to date in the seismically active western Basin and Range, and it provides new insights into regional neotectonic relations. Inverse modeling of the InSAR data suggests that the earthquake swarm was generated by 25–75 cm of dextral displacement on a N44Wstriking fault with a � 3 km rupture length and a rupture depth of � 2 km. The InSAR-detected strike-slip ground deformation is unique for the Reno basin which is in the purely extensional domain of the Sierra Nevada-Basin and Range Transition Zone, an area dominated by north-striking normal faults. The InSAR modeling of the 2008 earthquake swarmsupports the concept of westward migration of Walker Lane transcurrent faulting and overprinting of extensional Basin and Range structures, in this case the westward migration of dextral shear associated with the northern Walker Lane into the extension-dominated Reno basin. Citation: Bell, J. W., F. Amelung, and C. D. Henry (2012), InSAR analysis of the 2008 Reno-Mogul earthquake swarm: Evidence for westward migration of Walker Lane style dextral faulting, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18306, doi:10.1029/2012GL052795.
Toll-like receptors in alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and carcinogenesis

Activation of innate immune systems including Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is a key in chronic liver disease. Recent studies suggest that gut microflora-derived bacterial products (i.e. lipopolysaccharide [LPS], bacterial DNA) and endogenous substances (i.e. high-mobility group protein B1 [HMGB1], free fatty acids) released from damaged cells activate hepatic TLRs that contribute to the development of alcoholic (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. The crucial role of TLR4, a receptor for LPS, has been implicated in the development of ASH, NASH, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of other TLRs, such as TLR2 and TLR9 in chronic liver disease remains less clear. In this review, we will discuss the role of TLR2, 4, and 9 in Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells in the development of ASH, NASH, and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis of Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in Human Serum and Tissue

We describe a new electrophoretic method for the characterization of human serum and tissue alkaline phosphatases on cellulose acetate plates. Enzymes are localized fluorometrically with the substrate α-naphthol AS-MX phosphate or colorimetrically by coupling the reaction product with Fast Blue RR. Both localization techniques are sensitive enough to demonstrate isoenzyme patterns in micro-scale samples of normal sera. Our electrophoretic studies indicate that sera of children and adults normally contain isoenzymes originating from both liver and bone. The high sensitivity of the method allows the use of normal sera as markers rather than tissue extracts, and isoenzyme patterns may be visually assessed after heat inactivation and chemical inhibition. The method is suitable for the electrophoretic fractionation of alkaline phosphatase in large numbers of sera, with equipment and technique familiar to many laboratories.
Where AI/KB techniques fit into software development/engineering

Summary form only given. The author addresses three areas that seem relevant today: automatic programming, life cycle artifact management and user interface management systems. The building of a life cycle artifact manager for software development is discussed, and the research questions that remain to be answered are outlined. >
Cold water fish gelatin films: Effects of cross-linking on thermal, mechanical, barrier, and biodegradation properties

Gelatin was extracted from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Alaska pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) skins and cast into films. The fish gelatin films’ tensile, thermal, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and biodegradation properties were compared to those of bovine and porcine gelatin films. In addition, fish gelatin films were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Pollock and salmon gelatin films had comparable tensile properties, but had lower tensile strength and percent elongation than mammalian gelatin films. The lower strength and elongation might have been due to lower structural gelatin levels present in fish gelatin films. The addition of cross-linkers had little effect on tensile properties and melting temperatures of fish gelatin films. Pollock gelatin films had the lowest water vapor and oxygen permeability values, whereas mammalian gelatin films had the highest permeability values. Cross-linking resulted in lower water vapor permeability for salmon gelatin films and higher oxygen permeability for pollock gelatin films. However, all fish gelatin films had better water vapor and oxygen barrier properties than mammalian gelatin films. Also, fish gelatin films degraded faster than mammalian gelatin films. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Serum amyloid A induces mitogenic signals in regulatory T cells via monocyte activation

Serum amyloid A (SAA) has recently been identified by our group as a mitogen for regulatory T cells (Treg). However, the molecular mechanism by which SAA induces Treg proliferation is unknown. Here we provide evidence that IL-1β and IL-6 are directly involved in the SAA-mediated proliferation of Treg. By engaging its several cognate receptors, SAA induces IL-1β and IL-6 secretion by monocytes and drives them toward an HLA-DR(hi) HVEM(lo) phenotype resembling immature dendritic cells, which have been implicated in tolerance generation. This monocyte-derived cytokine milieu is required for Treg expansion, as inhibition of IL-1β and IL-6 abrogate the ability of SAA to induce Treg proliferation. Furthermore, both IL-1β and IL-6 are required for ERK1/2 and AKT signaling in proliferating Treg. Collectively, these results point to a novel mechanism, by which SAA initiates a monocyte-dependent process that drives mitogenic signals in Treg.
Automation for optics manufacturing

The optics industry has not followed the lead of the machining and electronics industries in applying advances in computer aided engineering (CAE), computer assisted manufacturing (CAM), automation or quality management techniques. Automation based on computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and flexible machining systems (FMS) has been widely implemented in these industries. Optics continues to rely on standalone equipment that preserves the highly skilled, labor intensive optical fabrication systems developed in the 1940's. This paper describes development initiatives at the Center for Optics Manufacturing that will create computer integrated manufacturing technology and support processes for the optical industry.
Genetic adaptive state estimation

Abstract A genetic algorithm (GA) uses the principles of evolution, natural selection, and genetics to offer a method for parallel search of complex spaces. This paper describes a GA that can perform on-line adaptive state estimation for linear and nonlinear systems. First, it shows how to construct a genetic adaptive state estimator where a GA evolves the model in a state estimator in real time so that the state estimation error is driven to zero. Next, several examples are used to illustrate the operation and performance of the genetic adaptive state estimator. Its performance is compared to that of the conventional adaptive Luenberger observer for two linear system examples. Next, a genetic adaptive state estimator is used to predict when surge and stall occur in a nonlinear jet engine. Our main conclusion is that the genetic adaptive state estimator has the potential to offer higher performance estimators for nonlinear systems over current methods.
Implementation and comparison of SVM-based Multi-Task Learning methods

Exploiting additional information to improve traditional inductive learning is an active research area in machine learning. In many supervised-learning applications, data can be naturally separated into several groups, or tasks, and incorporating this information into learning may improve generalization. There are many Multi-Task Learning (MTL) techniques for classification recently proposed in machine learning. This paper focuses on analysis and comparison of the two recent SVM-based MTL techniques: regularized MTL (rMTL) and SVM+ based MTL (SVM+MTL). In particular, our analysis shows how these two methods can be implemented using standard SVM software. Further, we present extensive empirical comparisons between these two methods, which relates advantages/limitations of each method to statistical characteristics of the training data.
Season of birth and neuropsychological impairment in schizophrenia.

Repeated studies suggest a relationship between winter birth and increased incidence of schizophrenia. Furthermore, there may be seasonal fluctuations in schizophrenia risk factors (e.g., influenza epidemics) and the severity of biological anomalies (e.g., enlarged cerebral ventricles in neuroimaging studies). In order to assess whether winter-born schizophrenics show greater neuropsychological impairment, 112 males meeting Research Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were administered the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, a thorough measure of higher cortical functioning deficit. Sixty-four of these 112 patients were also administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Benton Visual Retention Test, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Despite the use of several definitions of winter and nonwinter birth, there was no evidence of elevated rates of neuropsychological dysfunction among winter-born patients on any measure. The current study contains certain limitations (e.g., variable medication status at testing), but the results suggest no strong season of birth relationship with neuropsychological impairment in a reasonably large, research-diagnosed sample of schizophrenic patients.
Structural and spectroscopic studies on the trinuclear clusters Re3Cl9(PMe3)3 and Re3Cl9(η1-dppm)3 (dppm Ph2PCH2PPh2)

Abstract The reactions of the trinuclear cluster Re3Cl9 with various phosphine ligands in ethanol have been used to prepare the new complexes Re3Cl9(PMe2Ph)3, Re3Cl9(η1-dppm)3, Re3Cl9(dmpm)1.5, Re3Cl9(η1-arphos)3 and Re3Cl9(arphos)1.5, where dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2, dmpm = Me2PCH2PMe2 and arphos = Ph2PCH2CH2AsPh2. The 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectra of several of these complexes and of Re3Cl9(PMe3)3 and Re3Cl9(PMePh2)3 are described, including studies of the dissociative ligand exchange in Re3Cl9(η1-dPPM)3. The structures of Re3Cl9(PMe3)3 and Re3Cl9(η1-dppm)3 have been established by X-ray crystallography. Crystallographic data for Re3Cl9(PMe3)3: hexagonal space group P63/m, a = b = 11.614(1), c = 11.209(2) A, α = β = 90, γ = 120°, V = 1309.4(5) A 3 and Z = 2. The structure was refined to R = 0.038 (Rw = 0.064) for 524 data with I > 3.0σ(I). Crystallographic data for Re3Cl9(η1-dppm)3 · C7H8: triclinic space group P 1 , a = 11.883(3), b = 18.233(4), c = 20.102(5) A, α = 103.32(1), β = 99.18(1), γ = 95.88(1)°, V = 4139(3) A3 and Z = 2. The structure was refined to R = 0.039 (Rw = 0.050) for 7190 data with I > 3.0σ(I). Both structures resemble that of the previously reported Re3Cl9(PEt2Ph)3, with Re  Re double bond distances spanning the narrow range of 2.471(1)–2.488(1) A. The Re  P bond lengths are 2.634(4) A for the Me3P complex, and between 2.693(3) and 2.727(3) A for Re3Cl9(η1-dppm)3; the presence of three monodentate dppm ligands is confirmed in the latter structure.
Qualitative measures for initial meshes

This paper reviews geometric measures used to assess the shape of finite elements in two- and three-dimensional meshes. Measures have been normalized and made scale invariant whenever possible. This paper also introduces a Universal Similarity Region that enhances comparisons of triangles and their measures. As a byproduct, the USR provides a dynamic way to compare improved triangular meshes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13C Hyperfine interaction in the hexafluorobenzene radical anion

Abstract Naturally abundant 13 C satellites have been detected in the isotropic EPR spectrum of C 6 F − 6 , the 13 C coupling being 12.1 G The magnitude of this coupling does not support a nonplanar structure for C 6 F − 6 . Also, the value is more consistent with a σ ∗ than a π ∗ configuration in D 6h , symmetry.
Lampshade Game for lean manufacturing

The purpose of this article is to introduce a new simulation game named the ‘Lampshade Game’ that can be helpful in educating students and industry professionals on lean manufacturing principles. The Lampshade Game is an active learning tool that is capable of demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of some of the key principles of lean manufacturing (such as quality focus, pull system, flexible manufacturing and visual organisation) in comparison to craft and mass manufacturing by manually simulating the production of lampshades for each of the process types. The game enables the comparison of these three manufacturing methods using different operational and financial metrics such as inventory levels, manufacturing cycle time, customer fill rate, production yield and cost and profit. This article describes the game, its objectives, and shares experiences from several classroom implementations including an analysis of pre- and post-surveys.
Linear transformations on self-adjoint matrices: the preservation of rank-one-plus-scalar

Abstract Let M be the space of self-adjoint linear maps for a nondegenerate quadratic form on a finite-dimensional vector space (characteristic ≠ 2, dimension at least 3). Let T:M→M be an invertible linear transformation. If T preserves the set of rank-one-plus-scalar maps, then T is of the form T(X)=rPXP ∗ + ƒ(X)I (with one exception over Z ⧸3 Z ). Any T preserving commuting pairs also has this form (with no exceptions). The proof of this latter result involves computing the dimension of the space of self-adjoint maps commuting with any given one.
Fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter for wind power output smoothing with battery energy storage system

The energy storage system (ESS) is the current, widely popular means of smoothing intermittent wind power (WP) generation to regulate output power uncertainty in a wind power generation system (WPGS). This study presents a novel Kalman filter (KF) application method for smoothing the power-output fluctuation of a WPGS based on a battery energy storage system (BESS). A fuzzy logic control method was added to a first-order KF with feedback control of the battery state of charge (SOC). On this basis, the smoothing power output of the hybrid wind/battery power system could be adaptively regulated based on the SOC, and consequently, the battery SOC could be effectively managed according to the charge- and WP-output levels. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy based on the fuzzy adaptive KF was verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and simulation tests.
Computing with 10,000-bit words

Today's computers compute with numbers and memory pointers that hardly ever exceed 64 bits. With nan-otechnology we will soon be able to build computers with 10,000-bit words. How would such a computer work and what would it be good for? The paper describes a 10,000bit architecture that resembles von Neumann's. It has a random-access memory (RAM) for 10,000-bit words, and an arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) for “adding” and “multiplying” 10,000-bit words, in abstract algebra sense. Sets, sequences, lists, and other data structures are encoded “holographically” from their elements using addition and multiplication, and they end up as vectors of the same 10,000-dimensional space, which makes recursive composition possible. The theory of computing with high-dimensional vectors (e.g. with 10,000-bit words) has grown out of attempts to understand the brain's powers of perception and learning in computing terms and is based on the geometry and algebra of high-dimensional spaces, dynamical systems, and the statistical law of large numbers. The architecture is suited for statistical learning from data and is used in cognitive modeling and natural-language processing where it is referred to by names such as Holographic Reduce Representation, Vector Symbolic Architecture, Random Indexing, Semantic Indexing, Semantic Pointer Architecture, and Hyperdimensional Computing.
THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF ‘ELASTIC’ DISTANCES

A new orientation to the problem of multidimensional scaling is presented using the notion of ‘elastic’ distances. Making use of a rational theory of judgement variability (in line with Thurstone's remarks about discriminal processes); a monotonic distance function (in line with Shepard's suggestions); an algorithm for determining the monotonic transformations at each iteration (as provided by Kruskal); and a criterion which yields information about the tolerance for variability of judgement that any solution demands, a hybrid analytical approach is proposed as a practical multidimensional scaling procedure. The approach is illustrated using experimental data.
‘Short in Stature’: Luke's Physical Description of Zacchaeus

Luke's physical description of Zacchaeus as ‘short in stature’ is usually given scant attention in the scholarly literature. The reference is illuminated, however, when read in light of the ‘physiognomic consciousness’ that permeated the ancient world and the rhetorical practice of using physical abnormalities, such as shortness, to ridicule one's adversary. This physical characterization joins with the other descriptors of ‘rich’ and ‘tax collector’ to form the derisive image of a Zacchaeus who is traitorous, small-minded, and greedy. But Luke's intention is to reverse these conventional tropes to show that the penitent Zacchaeus is also a ‘son of Abraham’.
HuD, a neuronal-specific RNA-binding protein, is a potential regulator of MYCN expression in human neuroblastoma cells

HuD is one of a family of neural antigens recognised by the sera of patients with antibody-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis. Localised exclusively to neurons, these proteins are among the earliest markers of the developing nervous system. Sequence analysis suggests that HuD is an RNA-binding protein. Hu protein levels were determined for the three cell types characterising human neuroblastoma cell lines: sympathoadrenal neuroblasts (N), substrate-adherent Schwann/glial/melanoblastic precursors (S) and stem cells (I) which can give rise to both N and S cells. Western blot analysis showed similar levels of protein in three N-type cell lines; S cells have no detectable Hu protein. Northern blot analysis indicated that N cells express all three Hu genes, HuD, HuC and Hel-N1. N cells, mostly from MYCN-amplified cell lines, have consistently higher steady-state levels of MYCN mRNA than S cell counterparts. Nuclear run-on and mRNA half-life experiments revealed no differences in transcription rate or mRNA stability between N and S cells from the LA-N-1 cell line, implicating differences in post-transcriptional regulation. HuD is postulated to be instrumental in splicing/processing and/or stabilisation of mRNAs involved in cell growth and neuronal differentiation. As determined by gel-mobility shift assays, HuD fusion protein binds to the 3'UTR of human MYCN mRNA. Analysis of HuD deletion mutants has demonstrated that the first and second RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs) are required for binding. Whether HuD regulates MYCN expression and thereby influences tumour aggressiveness is of major interest.
A better quantification of electrochemical stability limits for electrolytes in double layer capacitors

An improved quantification of electrochemical stability limits is proposed for electrolytes working in capacitors, where the enormous surface area of the electrode material renders the conventional determination of electrolyte decomposition inappropriate. Using the proposed new approach, reliable stability data are obtained for the description of non-aqueous electrolytes operating in double layer capacitors. With these new stability data it is also found that the electrolyte decomposition correlates with the surface concentration of the functional group rather than the total surface area of the electrode. This new method could be used to evaluate electrolyte/electrode interaction in more general systems in which the electrode has a high surface area without any irreversibility being desired.
Fragment-based lead discovery: a chemical update

Fragment-based lead discovery constructs drug leads from small molecular fragments. In theory, this is a highly efficient method for drug discovery, and the technique has become enormously popular in the past few years. In this review, I describe how a variety of approaches in fragment-based lead discovery — including NMR, X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, functional screening, and in silico screening — have produced drug leads. Although the examples show that the technique can reliably generate potent molecules, there is still much work to be done to maintain the efficiency of molecules’ binding affinities as fragments are linked, expanded, and otherwise improved.
Structure and properties of Al-1% Si thin films on Si as a function of gas impurities during DC magnetron-sputtered deposition

Thin films of Al-l%Si were sputter deposited on Si under a variety of pressures of atmospheric impurity gases. The effect of the impurity gases (oxygen, nitrogen, and water), and deposition temperature (15° and 300° C), on the microstructure and properties of the aluminum thin films were studied. The gas pressures introduced during deposition varied from 5 × 10s−6 Torr (6.7 × 10s−4 Pa) to 1 × 10s-10 Torr (1 × 10s−8 Pa). The thin films were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and were found to have a columnar microstructure with an even distribution of silicon precipitates. Both the grain size and silicon precipitate size increased at the higher deposition temperature. A smaller grain size was found in samples that were deposited under the higher impurity gas pressures tested. The specular reflectance of the films was found to be dependent upon the amount of impurity gases present during deposition, the greater the partial pressure the greater the surface roughness. This study also investigated the possibility of using a Resistivity Ratio (RR) measurement to evaluate the grain size of the Al thin films. It has been previously observed that a small Al grain size has poor electromigration resistance. This study found that the correlation between Al grain size and RR values was good indicating that RR tests may be used as a quick, non-destructive measure of film quality.
Environmentally responsible potato production systems : A review

More than 500,000 hectares of land is planted to potato crop each year in the United States. Intensive nutrient-management practices for potato cultivation have led to increased concerns about nitrate leaching in these soils. Studies on nitrogen (N) uptake characteristics of potato roots have shown that N fertilizers are applied in excess of the optimal rate for maximum yield. This paper discusses all current and relevant research on nutrient and water management issues that have lead to improved nitrogen use efficiency for successful potato production and minimized groundwater impacts. Specific topics within the nutrient-management section include mineral fertilizers, nutritional requirements, N uptake and the root system, slow and controlled-release fertilizers, organic sources of nutrients, and nitrification inhibitors. Research on alternate methods of irrigation currently in use and available for potato production is discussed. Application of prediction models to optimize all the components for sustaining both economical and environmental goals is also discussed, with an emphasis on the immediate need for linking nutrient management traditionally aimed at crop yields with the preservation of water quality in all future research programs.
Clinical assessment of mother-son sexual abuse

This paper explores the possibility that cases of mother-son incest are underreported in the literature on child sexual abuse. Clinical cases of mother-son incest are presented and factors which may account for an underreporting of such cases are discussed. A cultural bias viewing mothers as asexual and males as sexual aggressors is suggested as the primary reason that cases of maternal sexual abuse are rarely identified or reported. Guidelines are provided for clinical assessment of possible cases of mother-son sexual abuse.
Risky decision-making in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).

Individuals infected with HIV show moderate deficits in decision-making, but the ecological relevance of such deficits on everyday functioning has not previously been described. This study sought to examine the magnitude, cognitive correlates, and everyday functioning impact of risky decision-making impairment in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Participants included 68 HIV+ individuals with HAND, 78 HIV+ individuals without HAND, and 51 HIV− comparison participants, who were administered the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) alongside a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and self-report measures assessing aspects of everyday functioning. HIV+ individuals with HAND performed more poorly on the IGT relative to the other two groups, most notably during the last three trial blocks. Within the HIV+ group, IGT performance during the last three trial blocks was most strongly associated with cognitive flexibility, but was not significantly related to declines in instrumental activities of daily ...
Neuropsychological Predictors of Dementia in Late-Life Major Depressive Disorder

Objective Major depressive disorder is a likely risk factor for dementia, but some cases of major depressive disorder in older adults may actually represent a prodrome of this condition. The purpose of this study was to use neuropsychological test scores to predict conversion to dementia in a sample of depressed older adults diagnosed as nondemented at the time of neuropsychological testing. Design Longitudinal, with mean follow-up of 5.45 years. Setting Outpatient depression treatment study at Duke University. Participants Thirty nondemented individuals depressed at the time of neuropsychological testing and later diagnosed with incident dementia; 149 nondemented individuals depressed at the time of neuropsychological testing and a diagnosis of cognitively normal. Methodology All participants received clinical assessment of depression, were assessed to rule out prevalent dementia at the time of study enrollment, completed neuropsychological testing at the time of study enrollment, and were diagnosed for cognitive disorders on an annual basis. Results Nondemented, acutely depressed older adults who converted to dementia during the study period exhibited broadly lower cognitive performances at baseline than acutely depressed individuals who remained cognitively normal. Discriminant function analysis indicated that 2 neuropsychological tests, Recognition Memory (from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological battery) and Trail Making B, best predicted dementia conversion. Conclusions Depressed older adults with cognitive deficits in the domains of memory and executive functions during acute depression are at higher risk for developing dementia. Some cases of late-life depression may reflect a prodrome of dementia in which clinical manifestation of mood changes may co-occur with emerging cognitive deficits.
A critique of empirical emission factor models: a case study of the AP-42 model for estimating PM10 emissions from paved roads

Abstract This paper provides a critical examination of empirical emission factor models by considering one model that typifies the class: the model used to estimate PM10 emissions from paved roads. We show that the model can yield highly uncertain emission estimates because (1) it lacks a mechanistic basis, (2) its formulation is highly dependent on the data set used to derive it, and (3) the accuracy of the model is completely determined by the methods used to measure emissions. The paper also describes a method to relate model performance statistics to statements about the uncertainty in emission estimates.