cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON THE MASS CULTURE OF ALGAE.

Of the considerable body of literature variously concerned with the culture of algae there is relatively little work directed toward the particular problem of mass culture. Von Witsch (10, 11) grew Chlorella in vertical glass cylinders of 3 cm. diameter and studied effects of carbon dioxide provision and the composition of the medium on yield and rate of growth. He achieved yields which approached the following as maxima: 5.0 gm. dry weight per liter in 20 days; 6.68 gm. dry weight per liter in 38 days (figures from different experiments). Spoehr and co-workers (8) produced 10.69 kg. of dry Chlorella from 590 cultures grown in 5-gallon carboys under daylight illumination in a greenhouse. The cultures were harvested at 30 to 50 days ; the maximum yield achieved was about 4.0 gm. dry weight per liter. No attempt was made to investigate the factors limiting growth rate or yield. Ketchum, Lillick, and Redfield (4) studied growth and optimum yields in cultures illuminated by a jacketed neon tube immersed in eight liters of media contained in a pyrex bottle. Of a number of different unicellular algae examined Chlorella pyrenoidosa gave the highest density and daily yield, namely 0.74 gm. per liter maximum density and 0.065 gm. per liter per day maximum growth rate. If pushed to a stage of practical development, the mass culture of algae will become an engineering problem. Before any such stage is reached, however, the problem is essentially biological. The rates of growth obtained in the work cited above are lower by at least several orders of magnitude than the maximum growth rate of Chlorella of about sevenfold increase per day. The densities of population achieved are far below those obtained with other microorganisms in the fermentation industry. The biological problem is to determine the conditions necessary to obtain maximum density, rate of growth, and efficiency of light utilization. Sunlight appears to be the only feasible source of illumination for large scale mass culture. The initial experiments have been done, therefore, in a greenhouse under daylight illumination. Since the incident visible radiation per day varies from day to day such experiments must be self-contained, i.e., they must be designed to provide comparative data within any one experiment. As a starting point we chose to investigate the design of the growth chamber, particularly in regard to the most desirable thickness of the culture ex-
A Complete Thermodynamic Characterization of Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Associations in the Temperature Range 0 to 100 °C from Explicit-Solvent Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions that dominate the behavior of proteins and other biomolecules exhibit fundamentally different thermodynamic characteristics, and the correct reproduction of these differences is likely to be an important requirement for models that aim to predict the thermodynamics of protein stability and protein−protein interactions. To assess the abilities of some current models to capture these differences, we report here the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations examining the association of acetate−methylammonium and methane−methane pairs at 11 different temperatures from −12.5 to 112.5 °C. Simulations were performed using two popular water models (TIP3P and TIP5P), with a total simulation time of 22 μs. With both water models, we find that the acetate−methylammonium salt-bridge interaction is significantly more stabilized by high temperatures (e.g., over the range 25 to 100 °C) than is the methane−methane hydrophobic interaction. At low temperatures however, th...
936-89 Extent of Coronary Myointimal Proliferation and its Relationship to Resistance Vessel Function in the Cardiac Allograft

Transplant coronary arteriopathy is the major obstacle to long-term survival of cardiac allografts and is characterized by myointimal proliferation involving both epicardial conduit vessels and intra myocardial resistance vessels. To evaluate the relationship between conduit disease and resistance vessel integrity, 70 coronary arteries in 58 transplant patients were studied with a 3.5 Fr 30 MHz intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) probe and an 0.018” doppler guidewire. Epicardial conduit disease was characterized by the presence or absence of IVUS discernible intimal thickening, (g500 microns or l500) micronsl in either a diffuse (trilaminar appearance along whole course of studied segment) or a focal (with areas of vessel free of intimal thickening) distribution. Resistance vessel function was assessed by measuring coronary flow reserve (CFR = maximal hypermic/resting blood flow velocity) using intracoronary adenosine (18 mg). Results (means ± SD): None(n = 12) Diffuse g 500(n = 19) Diffuse l 500(n = 18) Focal g 500(n = 7) Focal l 500(n = 14) CFR 3.1 ± 0.5 3.3 ± 0.4 37 ± 0.7 23 ± 0.6 * 2.8 ± 4 * p l 0.01 vs diffuse There were no differences in the CFR between arteries with (n = 58) and without (n = 12) intimal thickening (3.2 ± 0.6 vs 3.1 ± 0.5; P = NS) or based on the maximal thickness of the intima (l500 microns, 3.2 ± 8 vs g500 microns 3.0 ± 0.7, P = NS). Extensive myointimal thickening can occur without diminishment of the CFR. Focal intimal disease is associated with a significantly more profound effect on microvascular function then classically described diffuse disease. This suggests that typical epicardial transplant arteriopathy can occur without involvement of small vessels.
A 60-GHz CPW-Fed High-Gain and Broadband Integrated Horn Antenna

An integrated horn antenna is presented for 60-GHz WPAN applications. Compared with other types of antenna for 60-GHz WPAN applications, an integrated horn antenna features wide bandwidth and high gain. This integrated H-plane horn is elevated on the top of the substrate using CMOS-compatible microfabrication steps. Antenna efficiency is greatly improved after eliminating dielectric loss. This antenna is excited using an integrated vertical current probe connected with a coplanar-waveguide (CPW) by surface micromachining technologies. The lower part of the horn is constructed by rows of metallized pillars. The upper part and the top wall are built by stacking two layers of micromachined silicon wafers. The horn bottom is formed by metalizing the substrate's top surface. A prototype antenna is designed, fabricated, and characterized. Simulation and measurement results have shown wide input matching bandwidth and radiation bandwidth. The measured radiation pattern agrees well with the simulated one, demonstrating a gain as high as 14.6 dBi.
Process development of electron beam lithography in an academic environment

This paper compares the processes of photolithography and electron beam lithography (EBL). In addition, we discuss the procedure used to implement EBL in a university laboratory, specifically Boise State University's (BSU) Idaho Microfabrication Laboratory (IML).
A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE SEARCH FOR ISOLATABLE FRACTIONAL CHARGE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

Since the initial measurements of the electron charge a century ago, experimenters have faced the persistent question as to whether elementary particles exist that have charges that are fractional multiples of the electron charge. In the standard model of particle physics the quarks are such particles, but it is assumed that quarks cannot be individually isolated, the quarks always being confined inside hadrons. This paper is a brief review of the present status of searches for isolatable fractional charge particles such as a lepton-like particle with fractional charge or an unconfined quark. There have been a very large number of searches but there is no confirmed evidence for existence of isolatable fractional charge particles. It may be that they do not exist, but it is also possible that they are very massive or that their production mechanisms are very small so that they have been missed by existing searches. Therefore the aim of this review is to urge (a) the invention of ways to substantially increase the range of known search methods and (b) to urge the invention of new search methods for isolatable fractional charge particles.
Etiologies, Environments, and Genes—Challenges for Psychiatric Diagnosis During an Era of Scientific Transition

The article by Dr. Krishnan 1 comes at an auspicious time, as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)—and our understanding of psychopathology and its related diseases and conditions—constantly needs rethinking. There is no better way to get the blood flowing than to stimulate discussion and controversy! However, I am of two minds about this article. At once I applaud its aims and agree with its drive toward enhancing the validity of psychiatric diagnoses even while I have concerns about its approach and what I see as an inadvertent potential for stifling the science that it proposes to fortify and promote. More specifically, I explore the following issues. 1) Is this newly proposed approach to classification really new? Although Dr. Krishnan calls for moving from “nominalist” (descriptive) to “essentialist” (etiologic) diagnoses, he proposes a two-axis approach that basically recapitulates what already is included in DSM. 2) What are the central concerns? The crux of his proposal requires a determination of causation, yet there is no standard, valid method now used to make such a determination, a vexing challenge, especially given that the bulk of psychiatric conditions likely reflect the influence of multiple and very diverse genetic, developmental, environmental, and incident life and exposure-related determinants. 3) If not this proposal, what? Dr. Krishnan’s proposal may have the effect of inadvertently constraining the processes of exploration and discovery. It is time to explicitly test the predictive validity of current DSM constructs. Several general caveats are in order before addressing the three major points of this commentary. Dr. Krishnan uses “diagnosis” and “disease” as if they are the same thing. I do not. To me, “disease” gets at the fundamental pathologic processes that lead to the systemic expression of signs (objectively detected and measured) and symptoms (subjectively experienced and expressed); the latter can be especially susceptible to individual and culturally based variations, and the former are not immune from these influences. “Illness” gets at the broader individual and social processes that are linked to having a disease. “Disease” has a somewhat fuzzy boundary too, because someone may be infected with an organism but not show any manifestations (thus, “latent disease”). Given this context, the definition of disease cited by Dr. Krishnan caught my attention. Read literally, it could include most adolescents; just ask their parents! Moreover, it is a leap of faith to lump the apparent cause of disease in small numbers of individuals drawn from extensively studied pedigrees with presenile dementia together with conditions solely labeled on the basis of the appearance of having a “dominant pattern of inheritance” (see page 1). The author notes that the latter are “more common in
Lesser Used Tests of Pulmonary Function: Compliance, Resistance and Dead Space

The measurements of lung compliance, airway resistance and respiratory dead space as clinical tests have gradually fallen into disuse as the standard pulmonary function testing procedures; spirometry, lung volume and diffusing capacity measurement, followed, if necessary, by imaging have become the norm for diagnosis of COPD and other lung diseases. To have a real understanding of what spirometry and lung volume tests measure requires some knowledge of compliance and airway resistance. The respiratory dead space is an important global indicator of ventilation/perfusion relationships that remains of interest in the early detection of pulmonary emboli. There are other situations as well where it is clinically useful to perform the measurements described here, so these techniques, although generally set aside from the commonly used tests, should not be forgotten.
An aortic pressure observer for the Penn State electric ventricular assist device-a deterministic design

An aortic pressure observer for the Penn State electric ventricular assist device (EVAD) is developed. The pressure estimate is determined through the applied motor voltage (input) and the measured pusher plate position (output). The aortic pressure estimate will be used as a feedback signal of the EVAD's cardiac output controller that will adjust the device's beat rate to accommodate various levels of cardiac output demand. The gains of the pressure observer are deterministically optimized such that the optimal gains are independent of the initial pressure value. The gains are obtained by a method introduced by R.G. Jacquot (1984), which is extended from a single-state/single-output to a multistage/single-output formulation. In this method the deviations between the observed and the measured signals at finite number of instances are minimized. >
Low-Power and testable circuit synthesis using Shannon decomposition

Structural transformation of a design to enhance its testability while satisfying design constraints on power and performance can result in improved test cost and test confidence. In this article, we analyze the testability in a new style of logic design based on Shannon's decomposition and supply gating. We observe that the tree structure of a logic circuit due to Shannon's decomposition makes it intrinsically more testable than a conventionally synthesized circuit, while at the same time providing an improvement in active power. We have analyzed four different aspects of the testability of a circuit: a) IDDQ test sensitivity, b) test power during scan-based testing, c) test length (for both ATPG-generated deterministic and random patterns), and d) noise immunity. Simulation results on a set of MCNC benchmarks show promising results on all these aspects (an average improvement of 94p in IDDQ sensitivity, 50p in test power, 19p (21p) in test length for deterministic (random) patterns, and 50p in coupling noise immunity). We have also demonstrated that the new logic structure can improve parametric yield (6p on average) of a circuit under process variations when considering a bound on circuit leakage.
Factors Related to Cure of Opiate Addiction among Puerto Rican Addicts

The cure status of 108 Puerto Rican males who had been treated at the Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky for drug addiction was determined by interviews, records, and urinalysis. An addict was considered cured if evidence from these sources indicated that he had been drug free for three years prior to interview. Based on these criteria 20% of the 108 subjects were judged to be cured, while 80% were found to be relapsed (noncured).Social and background characteristics were found to differentiate the cured from the relapsed patients. Prior to treatment the cured group not only had fewer arrests, but fewer of these arrests were for narcotic violations, including sale of drugs. The cured subjects were also less likely to have been heroin addicts and they tended to begin drug use at a later age.Of the treatment-related variables, cure was correlated with length of hospital stay and with a single admission. For the prisoners, a shorter length of time between onset of drug use and treatment di...
The Origins of American Design Protection

Many firms invest heavily in the way their products look, and they rely on a handful of intellectual property regimes to stop rivals from producing look-alikes. Two of these regimes – copyright and trademark – have been have been closely scrutinized in intellectual property scholarship. A third, the design patent, remains little understood except among specialists. In particular, there has been virtually no analysis of the design patent system’s core assumption: that the rules governing patents for inventions should be incorporated en masse for designs.One reason why the design patent system has remained largely unexplored in the literature is that scholars have never explained how and why the system came to exist. This Article seeks to provide that account. We show how technological innovation in early American manufacturing (especially in the cast-iron goods industry) created unprecedented opportunities for creativity in industrial design, and a concomitant expansion in design piracy. We analyze manufacturers’ lobbying efforts that led to the first American legislative proposals for design protection, and we connect those proposals to antecedents in British copyright and design registration legislation. We also explain how these early proposals were transmuted into design patent proposals, and we explore the idiosyncratic political circumstances that surrounded the eventual passage of the design patent bill. We conclude by reassessing the modern design patent regime in view of insights drawn from our historical account.
Alkali Metal-Templated Assembly of Cyanometalate "Boxes" (NEt4)3{M(Cp*Rh(CN)3)4(Mo(CO)3)4} (M ) K, Cs). Selective Binding of Cs +

The box-like cages {M[Cp*Rh(CN)3]4[Mo(CO)3]4}3- form as the sole metal-containing products of the reaction of [Cp*Rh(CN)3]- and (η6-C6H3Me3)Mo(CO)3 in the presence of K+ and Cs+. Well-defined species could not be identified in solutions of Cp*Rh(CN)3- and (η6-C6H3Me3)Mo(CO)3 in the absence of alkali metal cations. The new cages were isolated as their Et4N+ salts, M = K+ (1), Cs+ (2). Crystallographic characterization of 1 and 2 reveals box-like M8(μ-CN)12 cages containing alkali metal cations. The cages feature 12 external CO and 4 external C5Me5 ligands. In 1, the K+ is disordered over two off-center positions, whereas in the case of 2, the Cs+ is centered in the cage with a formal coordination number of 24. Otherwise, the structures of the two compounds are virtually indistinguishable. The persistence of the solid-state structures in solution was established through 13C NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometric measurements. 133Cs NMR spectroscopy, which readily distinguishes free from includ...
Not in my backyard: a simulation of the effects of agent mobility on environmental poisoning

Evolve IV is an individual-based metabolically driven evolutionary ecosystem model that captures the reciprocal relationship between biota and their environment. In one series of experiments with Evolve IV, the initial population modifies the environment to its own disadvantage, i.e., it pollutes. Eventually a new nonpolluting population emerges. The length of time taken for this evolutionary learning is affected by the initial population's level of mobility.
Group Interaction Behaviors that Affect Group Performance on an I ntellective Task

Interaction that occurs while a group completes a cooperative task describes how the group works. Group members working cooperatively on complex intellective tasks completed open-ended questionnaires that described interaction behaviors that facilitated and behaviors that interfered with their group's performance over the life of the group (four months). After considerable screening, these descriptions were adapted into behavioral items that made up a group style instrument. This instrument was administered at two points in time to an independent sample of subjects participating in similar groups. Descriptions of the facilitating and interfering interaction behaviors are provided. Group interaction is examined in terms of changes in responses to the items over time. The instrument was sensitive to levels of group performance, and descriptions of interaction behaviors that discriminated between performance levels are discussed. Applications for group feedback are described and implications for future resea...
A feedback model of visual attention

A model is presented to investigate the role of feedback pathways in attentional mechanisms. The model illustrates how feedback pathways help in dynamically changing the tuning properties of lower level neurons, thereby improving their convergence. These dynamic changes to the tuning properties also help in the recognition of a previously learned sequence of images. Two aspects of attention modeled are a gradual increase in concentration for finer convergence of the image, and dynamic shifting of the focus of attention to recognize a sequence of associated objects. Computer simulations of the system are presented. A nongradient-descent stochastic optimization algorithm was used in the simulations. The system is capable of cycling through patterns whose associations have been learned in higher-level representations. >
An analysis of patch plausibility and correctness for generate-and-validate patch generation systems

We analyze reported patches for three existing generate-and- validate patch generation systems (GenProg, RSRepair, and AE). The basic principle behind generate-and-validate systems is to accept only plausible patches that produce correct outputs for all inputs in the validation test suite. Because of errors in the patch evaluation infrastructure, the majority of the reported patches are not plausible — they do not produce correct outputs even for the inputs in the validation test suite. The overwhelming majority of the reported patches are not correct and are equivalent to a single modification that simply deletes functionality. Observed negative effects include the introduction of security vulnerabilities and the elimination of desirable functionality. We also present Kali, a generate-and-validate patch generation system that only deletes functionality. Working with a simpler and more effectively focused search space, Kali generates at least as many correct patches as prior GenProg, RSRepair, and AE systems. Kali also generates at least as many patches that produce correct outputs for the inputs in the validation test suite as the three prior systems. We also discuss the patches produced by ClearView, a generate-and-validate binary hot patching system that lever- ages learned invariants to produce patches that enable systems to survive otherwise fatal defects and security attacks. Our analysis indicates that ClearView successfully patches 9 of the 10 security vulnerabilities used to evaluate the system. At least 4 of these patches are correct.
Fracture toughness of titanium-cement interfaces: effects of fibers and loading angles

Ideal implant-cement or implant-bone interfaces are required for implant fixation and the filling of tissue defects created by disease. Micron- to nanosize osseointegrated features, such as surface roughness, fibers, porosity, and particles, have been fused with implants for improving the osseointegration of an implant with the host tissue in orthopedics and dentistry. The effects of fibers and loading angles on the interface fracture toughness of implant-cement specimens with and without fibers at the interface are not yet known. Such studies are important for the design of a long-lasting implant for orthopedic applications. The goal of this study was to improve the fracture toughness of an implant-cement interface by deposition of micron- to nanosize fibers on an implant surface. There were two objectives in the study: 1) to evaluate the influence of fibers on the fracture toughness of implant-cement interfaces with and without fibers at the interfaces, and 2) to evaluate the influence of loading angles on implant-cement interfaces with and without fibers at the interfaces. This study used titanium as the implant, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as cement, and polycaprolactone (PCL) as fiber materials. An electrospinning unit was fabricated for the deposition of PCL unidirectional fibers on titanium (Ti) plates. The Evex tensile test stage was used to determine the interface fracture toughness (KC) of Ti-PMMA with and without PCL fibers at 0°, 45°, and 90° loading angles, referred to in this article as tension, mixed, and shear tests. The study did not find any significant interaction between fiber and loading angles (P>0.05), although there was a significant difference in the KC means of Ti-PMMA samples for the loading angles (P<0.05). The study also found a significant difference in the KC means of Ti-PMMA samples with and without fibers (P<0.05). The results showed that the addition of the micron- to nanosize PCL fibers on Ti improved the quality of the Ti-PMMA union. The results of the study are essential for fatigue testing and finite-element analysis of implant-cement interfaces to evaluate the performance of orthopedic and orthodontic implants.
The Reception of Psychoanalysis in Western Cultures: An Afterword on Its Comparative History

The foregoing histories of the reception of psychoanalysis in Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain offer illuminating comparisons not only with each other but with the well-known histories of psychoanalysis in Austria, the United States, and, known to a lesser extent, England. Both parallels and divergences appear, suggesting cultural variation as well as some underlying commonalities in all of Western culture.
Liposome-encapsulated Doxorubicin Targeted to CD44: A Strategy to Kill CD44-overexpressing Tumor Cells

Certain tumors, including many that are found in the lung, overexpress the CD44 cell-surface marker. CD44 is a receptor that binds to hyaluronan (HA), a carbohydrate consisting of beta1,3 N-acetyl glucosaminyl-beta1,4 glucuronide. We hypothesized that the incorporation of phosphatidylethanolamine lipid derivatives-containing HA oligosaccharides (HA-PE) into liposomes could target drug-containing liposomes to tumor cells that express CD44. HA-PE containing palmitoyl oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (HAn-PE) were incorporated into the lipid bilayer at various mole percentages of the total lipids; and the physicochemical properties (diameter, surface charge, and stability) of the resulting liposome preparations were characterized. HA-targeted liposomes (HALs) avidly bound to the CD44-high-expressing B16F10 murine melanoma cell line but not to the CV-1 African green monkey kidney cells, which express CD44 at low levels. Binding of the HALs to the B16F10 cells was rapid, concentration dependent, and saturated at a lipid concentration of about 250 microM. HAL binding to B16F10 was inhibited by HA with high Mr and by an anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody. Binding to the B16 melanoma cells occurred at a lipid composition that contained a > or =0.1 mol % of the HAn-PE lipid. The bound liposomes were internalized by a temperature-dependent process. The IC50s of doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated in either HALs or nontargeted liposomes and of nonencapsulated DOX were compared in two protocols: continuous exposure of the cells to treatment for 24 h and transient exposure in which the treatment was applied for a 3-h period, and in which non-cell-associated drug was replaced with drug-free medium for the duration of the experiment. The IC50s of free DOX, DOX-loaded nontargeted liposomes, and DOX-loaded HAL (HAL-DOX) for the transient exposure were 6.4 microM, > 172 microM, and 0.78 microM, respectively. For the continuous exposure protocol, the IC50s were 0.60 microm, 25.0 microl, and 0.14 microm, respectively. Thus, in both protocols, delivered DOX was significantly more potent than the nonencapsulated DOX in cells expressing high levels of CD44, which suggests that HALs may be a useful targeted drug carrier to treat CD44-expressing tumors.
Work in progress - student representations and conceptions of design and engineering

To get at students' conceptual understandings of design and engineering activity, a group of graduate engineering students were asked to perform a series of drawing tasks. A group of first-year master's students in Mechanical Engineering enrolled in design project courses at Stanford University were asked to generate a concept map of their “typical design process” at the beginning and end of their course. Students were also asked to draw a designer at work and an engineer at work, along the lines of the Draw-a-Scientist Test. Initial findings from qualitative content analysis indicate that the concept maps of design process mature over time along a consistent learning trajectory. Students also have distinct but complimentary models of the roles of a designer and engineer along two emerging themes: idea generation vs. idea implementation and human-centered design vs. technology-centered. These intermediate results point to further study in this area.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Discovery of New Therapeutics Targeting the Kynurenine Pathway

The kynurenine pathway is responsible for the metabolism of more than 95% of dietary tryptophan (TRP) and produces numerous bioactive metabolites. Recent studies have focused on three enzymes in this pathway: indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO1), kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO), and kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II). IDO1 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer, and these agents may also have therapeutic utility in neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis. KMO inhibitors are being investigated as potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. KAT II inhibitors have been proposed in new therapeutic approaches toward psychiatric and cognitive disorders, including cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Numerous medicinal chemistry studies are currently aimed at the design of novel, potent, and selective inhibitors for each of these enzymes. The emerging opportunities and significant challenges associa...
Ovulation in persistent-estrous rats after electrical stimulation of the brain.

SummaryPersistent estrus was induced in female rats by continuous illumination. Through “permanent”bipolar electrodes, stimulation was administered after recovery from anesthesia to either the amygdala (11 rats) or the septum pellucidum (1 rat). The latter and 5 of the former ovulated within 24 hours.
ELENA DE WHITE, LA ESCRITURA, Y LA CUESTIÓN DE LA AUTORIDAD: UN VISTAZO HISTÓRICO

Los adventistas del septimo dia afirman que la Palabra de Dios contiene el “conocimiento necesario para la salvacion”, es la fuente de doctrina, y “es el estandarte por el cual toda ensenanza y toda experiencia deben ser probadas”. No obstante, tambien mantienen que Elena de White tuvo un don profetico valido y “autoritativo”. Aqui surge una pregunta importante: los escritos de Elena de White, ?tienen la misma autoridad que la Biblia? Con el objetivo de responder a esta pregunta desde una perspectiva historica, el presente articulo desarrolla el entendiendo de la autoridad de la Biblia y la autoridad de Elena de White en el adventismo del septimo dia.
Reversed cerebral asymmetries as a potential risk factor in autism: a reconsideration.

This paper provides a methodological modification and re-analysis of the data presented by Hier, et al. in 1979 on the presence of unfavorable cerebral asymmetry in autistic patients. In contrast to prior findings, statistical significance was not obtained, suggesting that it is premature to assert that such morphologic anomalies may be considered a risk factor in autism.
HLA-DQ antibodies: are they real? Are they relevant? Why so many?

Purpose of review Recent reports on donor-specific antibodies documented an overwhelming frequency of antibodies to one specific locus - human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ). This article provides a short summary of clinical observations, a historic perspective to account for the late recognition of the role of HLA-DQ antibodies as well as potential explanations. Recent findings The basic understanding of the complexity of HLA-DQ molecules (antigens and antibodies) existed already 3-4 decades ago. However, only more recent advancements in molecular techniques as well as solid phase platforms, that allow for testing antibody specificities against individual HLA targets, provided state-of-the-art tools that are also amenable to mass applications. Thus, the significance of the polymorphic nature of both polypeptide chains of the DQ molecule, DQα and DQβ, is only now re-emerging. Summary HLA-DQ antibodies are real, relevant, and abundant. In order to achieve a clinically useful understanding of this phenomenon, HLA-DQ antigens and antibodies should be viewed at the level of the physiologic structure, as it appears on the cell surface, namely, one unit composed as DQαβ. Preliminary data demonstrated that such an approach is likely to lead to more equitable calculation of calculated panel reactive antibody, improving the accuracy of virtual crossmatch prediction, and increasing the likelihood of finding a compatible donor for the very highly sensitized patients.
Effect of the IUCD on Uterine Motility in the Ewe

Uterine motility was studied in sheep with and without IUDs by saline-filled catheters connected to a pressure transducer. A plastic spiral was inserted in 1 uterine horn of 10 ewes 19-14 days following estrus; controls were either sham operated or unoperated upon. Uterine motility was studied in 15 ewes during estrus within 12-14 hours of being marked with a vasectomized ram. Others were studied 10 days following estrus during the luteal phase of the cycle. In uterine horns containing a spiral recordings were made at above and below the level of the spiral. Ewes were sacrificed after 3 hours and positions of the catheters verified. The time relationship of pressure changes between the proximal and distal catheters was noted and wave propagation classified as toward the cervix toward the oviduct simultaneous or isolated. Control ewes in diestrous showed isolated asynchronous contractions of less than 5 mm of Hg and lasting 5-7 seconds. Controls in estrus had hyperemic uteri which contracted actively with an intensity of 15-40 mm of Hg lasting 5-20 seconds. About 70% of these contractions were propagated toward the oviduct and 10% toward the cervix. In ewes with an IUCD in situ duration of contractions was 20-40 seconds frequency was 1/2 that of controls intensity was 30-60 mm of Hg with occasional contractions of 70 to 80 mm of Hg. Intensity was greatest at the site of the IUD. More than 75% of these contractions were propagated toward the cervix. Less than 12% were toward the oviduct. Uterine motility was similar in the horn not containing the IUD. The normal pattern of uterine muscular activity in sheep would seem to aid sperm transport. Results suggest that the changes in uterine motility with an IUD in 1 horn may prevent sperm transport. The actively contracting uterus attempts to expel any foreign body placed within the uterine cavity. This reversal of direction of wage propagation described in ewes with an IUD may represent the mechanism of action in other species.
Chile2015: Lévy Flight and Long-Range Correlation Analysis of Earthquake Magnitudes in Chile

The stochastic Truncated Levy Flight model and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) are used to investigate the temporal distribution of earthquake magnitudes in Chile. We show that Levy Flight is appropriated for modeling the time series of the magnitudes of the earthquakes. Furthermore, DFA shows that these events present memory effects, suggesting that the magnitude of impeding earthquakes depends on the magnitude of previous earthquakes. Based on this dependency, we use a non-linear regression to estimate the magnitude of the 2015, M8.3 Illapel earthquake based on the magnitudes of the previous events.
Pure Seminoma of The Testis: The Results of Radiation Therapy in Patients with Elevated Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Titers

AbstractThe mamigement and prognosis of human chorionic gonadotropin-producing seminoma still are controversial issues. In a review of 210 patients irradiated between 1950 and 1982, 10 had elevated human chorionic gonadotropin values: 3 with stage I, 6 with stage II and 1 with stage IV disease. All human chorionic gonadotropin values became negative: 4 postoperatively and 6 following radiotherapy. All patients are well with a mean followup of 6 years. One patient who suffered liver metastases only was salvaged by chemotherapy. Based on these patients human chorionic gonadotropin production is not an unfavorable prognostic sign in cases of pure seminoma.
528. Towards Personalized Cell Therapy for Cancer: Tumor-Homing Human Induced Neural Stem Cells

Background: Engineered neural stem cells (NSC) are a promising new approach to treating glioblastoma (GBM). In clinical trials, the ideal NSC drug carrier should be easily isolated and autologous to avoid immune rejection. Methods: As a new approach to personalized NSC therapy for cancer, we directly transdifferentiated (TD) human fibroblasts in induced neural stem cells (h-iNSCs). The h-iNSCs were engineered to express optical reporters and either the pro-apoptotic agent TRAIL or thymidine kinase. The tumor-homing migration and therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic h-iNSCs were then assessed in human-derived GBM models of solid and surgically resected disease. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Our new single-factor Sox2 strategy converted human skin fibroblasts into nestin+ h-iNSCs in only 4 days and the h-iNSCs survived in the brain of mice for 3 weeks. Time-lapse motion analysis showed h-iNSCs rapidly migrated to human GBMs cells and penetrated solid human GBM spheroids. h-iNSC delivery of TRAIL reduced solid human GBM xenografts 250-fold in 3 weeks and prolonged median survival from 22 to 49 days (P<0.01). h-iNSC prodrug/enzyme therapy regressed patient-derived GBM xenografts 20-fold and extended survival from 32 to 62 days (P<0.01). Mimicking clinical NSC therapy, intra-cavity h-iNSC thymidine kinase/ganciclovir therapy delayed the regrowth of post-surgical GBMs 3-fold and prolonged survival in mice from 46 to 60 days. Conclusions: Transdifferentiating human skin into h-iNSCs is a new platform for creating tumor-homing cytotoxic cell therapies for cancer. Translating this approach has the potential to avoid carrier rejection and maximize treatment durability in patient trials.
Child Maltreatment Prevention

Child maltreatment is a pervasive problem that affects families and communities in the United States and throughout the world. Most credit the “discovery” of child maltreatment to Henry Kempe, a physician from Colorado, who in 1962 published an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association on the “battered child syndrome” (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, & Silver, 1962). Since the publication of Kempe’s seminal article, progress in the field has been rapid, mobilized by the efforts of many, including grassroots organizations, mental health professionals, university researchers, lawmakers, medical personnel, social service professionals, and criminal justice workers. These efforts have contributed significantly to furthering our understanding of child maltreatment and to the myriad ways that families and professionals can work together to prevent abuse and neglect. This chapter provides a brief overview of the problem of child maltreatment and describes successful research-based prevention strategies. The chapter also describes specific advocacy efforts and action steps and outcomes that should provide a critical component to alleviating the problem of child maltreatment.
Disrupting the status quo: exploring culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogies for young diverse learners

AbstractThis article highlights four qualitative studies that examine young diverse populations (i.e. middle-class African-American learners, Latinx immigrant children, emergent bilingual writers, and teachers of low-socioeconomic African-American learners) using culturally relevant and culturally sustaining pedagogies as our theoretical lens. The research questions are (1) What are the features of classrooms that support culturally sustaining learning for young children? (2) What social, cultural, and linguistic resources do learners draw upon when engaging in culturally sustaining spaces? Findings in this paper indicate that (a) children need critical safe spaces to foster CSP (b) children draw knowledge from varied resources and (c) teachers’ must be able to navigate policies to implement practices that utilize students’ cultural referents.
Effect of Ceramide Tail Length on the Structure of Model Stratum Corneum Lipid Bilayers.

Abstract Lipid bilayers composed of non-hydroxy sphingosine ceramide (CER NS), cholesterol (CHOL), and free fatty acids (FFAs), which are components of the human skin barrier, are studied via molecular dynamics simulations. Since mixtures of these lipids exist in dense gel phases with little molecular mobility at physiological conditions, care must be taken to ensure that the simulations become decorrelated from the initial conditions. Thus, we propose and validate an equilibration protocol based on simulated tempering, in which the simulation takes a random walk through temperature space, allowing the system to break out of metastable configurations and hence become decorrelated from its initial configuration. After validating the equilibration protocol, which we refer to as random-walk molecular dynamics, the effects of the lipid composition and ceramide tail length on bilayer properties are studied. Systems containing pure CER NS, CER NS + CHOL, and CER NS + CHOL + FFA, with the CER NS fatty acid tail length varied within each CER NS-CHOL-FFA composition, are simulated. The bilayer thickness is found to depend on the structure of the center of the bilayer, which arises as a result of the tail-length asymmetry between the lipids studied. The hydrogen bonding between the lipid headgroups and with water is found to change with the overall lipid composition, but is mostly independent of the CER fatty acid tail length. Subtle differences in the lateral packing of the lipid tails are also found as a function of CER tail length. Overall, these results provide insight into the experimentally observed trend of altered barrier properties in skin systems where there are more CERs with shorter tails present.
Blinatumomab for MRD+ B-ALL: the evidence strengthens.

In this issue of Blood, Gokbuget et al provide strong evidence that immunotherapy with blinatumomab can eliminate residual chemotherapy-resistant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells and that this prevents subsequent relapse and improves survival.1 This addresses the most important unsolved clinical problem in adults with B-ALL: the development of chemotherapy-resistant relapsed disease.
Collective Excitations in the Optical Spectroscopy of Magnetic Insulators

The concept of collective excitations is essential to the understanding of the optical spectra of magnetic insulators. In particular magnons and Frenkel excitons play a major role in the absorption structure near the electronic origin of d-d absorption in transition metal ion compounds or of f-f absorption of rare-earth materials. Both pure exciton and exciton-magnon transitions are observed below the magnetic ordering temperature. These provide information on exciton dispersion and on exciton-magnon interactions. Two principal examples are used to illustrate these concepts: the antiferromagnets MnF2 and Cr2O3.
Drawbead Forces in Sheet Metal Forming

During sheet metal forming on a double-action press, drawbeads on the blankholder supply a restraining force which controls the flow of metal into the die. As metal is drawn through the drawbead, the restraining force has two components, bending deformation and friction. In this study, these components were separated and analyzed. Drawing load, clamping load and strain were measured for sheet steels and aluminums which were drawn through a short section of simulated drawbead. The bending deformation component was isolated by replacing the shoulders and bead of the drawbead by rollers which reduced the friction to a negligible value. The experimental data is analyzed in terms of the materials effects which must be included in a mathematical model of drawbead forces. It was found that an isotropic hardening assumption would not adequately model the strain hardening but that a kinematic hardening assumption that takes cyclic hardening into account is necessary. It is also shown that strain rate hardening must be modeled for steel but not for aluminum. Friction is adequately represented by a coefficient of friction, µ. Experimental values of µ were obtained. Drawbead forces were calculated employing these experimental coefficients of friction and good agreement was found between the measured and calculated frictional components.
Does Logic Count

What is the relation of the ordinary first-order logic and the general theory of computation? A hoped-for connection would be to interpret a computation of the value b of a function f(x) for the argument a as a deduction of the equation (b = f(a)) in a suitable elementary number theory. This equation may be thought of as being obtained by a computation in an equation calculus from a set of defining equations plus propositional logic plus substitution of terms for variables and substitution of identicals. Received first-order logic can be made commensurable with this equation calculus by eliminating predicates in terms of their characteristic functions and eliminating existential quantifiers in terms of Skolem functions. It turns out that not all sets of defining equations can be obtained in this way if the received first-order logic is used. However, they can all be obtained if independence-friendly logic is used. This turns all basic problems of computation theory into problems of logical theory.
A Normative Pragmatic Theory of Exhorting

We submit a normative pragmatic theory of exhorting—an account of conceptually necessary and potentially efficacious components of a coherent strategy for securing a sympathetic hearing for efforts to urge and inspire addressees to act on high-minded principles. Based on a Gricean analysis of utterance-meaning, we argue that the concept of exhorting comprises making statements openly urging addressees to perform some high-minded, principled course of action; openly intending to inspire addressees to act on the principles; and intending that addressees’ recognition of the intentions to urge and inspire creates reasons for addressees to grant a sympathetic hearing to what the speaker has to say. We show that the theory accounts for the design of Abraham Lincoln’s Cooper Union address. By doing so we add to the inventory of reasons why social actors make arguments, continue a line of research showing the relationship of arguing to master speech acts, and show that making arguments can be an effective strategy for inspiring principled action.
Starting a Sober Dorm: Year One Challenges, Successes and Lessons Learned

This presentation is an examination of the pilot year of the Healthy Lifestyles Living Learning Community (HL LLC) substance-free housing option for incoming first year students sponsored by The Center for Students in Recovery at The University of Texas at Austin. Presenters will contextualize the history and unfulfilled need for recovery and sober student housing on the UT Austin campus, and will explore the development and implementation of a sober dorm from inception through the end of year one. Attendees will hear a candid assessment of expectations versus realities across multiple domains, including: the application process; selection of an initial cohort; the design and implementation of programming; the challenges of group cohesion and resident assistant empowerment; budget constraints; overall lessons learned; and considerations moving into year two.
CRISPR alleviates muscular dystrophy in dogs.

Widespread editing of the mutated DMD gene by CRISPR–Cas9, systemically delivered via an adeno-associated virus, restores dystrophin expression in a canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Second centralizers in the semigroup of injective transformations

For an element a of a semigroup S, denote by C(a) and C2(a), respectively, the first and second centralizers of a in S. Let X be an arbitrary set and let Γ(X) be the semigroup of all injective mapp...