cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chaos in Physiology: Health or Disease?

The universality of ‘chaotic’ dynamics in mathematical and physical systems [1–4] has prompted renewed interest in the application of nonlinear analysis to biological processes [4,5]. Attention has also focused on the physiological and medical implications of these concepts [4,6–11]. The prevailing viewpoint is that the dynamics of health are ordered arra regular and that a variety of pathologies represent a bifurcation to chaos [6,9,12]. For example, Smith and Cohen [9] advanced the hypothesis that ventricular fibrillation, the arrhythmia most commonly associated with sudden cardiac death, is a turbulent process (cardiac chaos) that may result from a subharmonic bifurcation (period-doubling) mechanism.
Homocitrullination Is a Novel Histone H1 Epigenetic Mark Dependent on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Recruitment of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase 1

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a regulator of xenobiotic toxicity, is a member of the eukaryotic Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein family of transcription factors. Recent evidence identified a novel AhR DNA recognition sequence called the nonconsensus xenobiotic response element (NC-XRE). AhR binding to the NC-XRE in response to activation by the canonical ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin resulted in concomitant recruitment of carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) to the NC-XRE. Studies presented here demonstrate that CPS1 is a bona fide nuclear protein involved in homocitrullination (hcit), including a key lysine residue on histone H1 (H1K34hcit). H1K34hcit represents a hitherto unknown epigenetic mark implicated in enhanced gene expression of the peptidylarginine deiminase 2 gene, itself a chromatin-modifying protein. Collectively, our data suggest that AhR activation promotes CPS1 recruitment to DNA enhancer sites in the genome, resulting in a specific enzyme-independent post-translational modification of the linker histone H1 protein (H1K34hcit), pivotal in altering local chromatin structure and transcriptional activation.
Testing Sex, Attributing Gender: What Caster Semenya Means to Women’s Sports

The highly-publicized case of Caster Semenya is a symptom of deeper problems that continue to plague women athletes at all levels—biased gender identification and a belief that sport and femininity do not mesh. I trace my own path through the thickets of “angry feminism,” a love of sports, stereotypes of the “fair” sex, and a 4-year-old nephew’s confused claim that Aunt Susan is a man. I examine symbols, body parts, gestures, clothing and other means by which men and women are unevenly (and often inaccurately and unfairly) identified. I note that in spite of new opportunities enjoyed by women to run, jump, compete and otherwise celebrate their physicality, female athletes still struggle to maintain their identity as “normal.” I see dangers in a world that forces its citizens into one of two gender boxes, but I also acknowledge gender as an important part of human identity and sporting opportunity. I conclude that I do not have any solutions, only questions. But I am certain that we should be able to play ...
Length of life and Dry Weight of Worker Honeybees Reared in Colonies with Different Worker-Larva Ratios

SummarySmall colonies consisting of a caged queen and young adult workers, ranging in number from 200 to 2800, were given 400 eggs to rear. Positive correlations were found between the numbers of workers and the adult life-span and dry weight of worker progeny they reared. Dry weight and life-span were also positively correlated. It is suggested that a nutritional factor is involved. Syrup, pollen and water were provided in a flight cage.
Coded modulation for Gaussian channels: Dispersion- and entropy-limited regimes

We study coded modulation over point-to-point Gaussian channels with discrete inputs and finite blocklength using recent tools from information theory. We show that finite-length channel coding has quite a significant effect at low SNR, and we identify SNR values below which the coded modulation is “dispersion limited”. Unlike the infinite-length case, coded PSK outperforms coded QAM in this dispersion-limited regime, based upon analysis of i.i.d. random codes. At high SNR, we show that finite blocklength coding barely affects the performance so that uncoded modulation is essentially optimal, and we quantify the SNR values beyond which the modulation is “entropy-limited”.
Evidence for transplacental passage of the natural carcinogen cycasin and its aglycone.

SummaryThe passage of cycasin and MAM through the placenta and mammary gland has been investigated in rats during pregnancy and lactation, respectively. Both cycasin and MAM cross the placenta when cycasin is given orally to pregnant rats. Both compounds can also pass the mammary gland and are excreted with the milk during lactation provided that they are administered within 1 day before littering or during lactation. MAM has also been found in the fetuses after its intravenous injection into the pregnant golden hamster. The recovery of MAM from the fetuses of rats and hamsters supports a direct action of the carcinogen and teratogen on fetal tissues.
Intracellular Domains of NMDA Receptors Control Channel Permeation and Gating Properties

Among glutamate-gated excitatory channels, NMDA receptors are pivotal to the physiology of central synapses. Their activation initiates cellular processes responsible for synaptic plasticity, the substrate of memory; but it can also awake apoptotic cascades that result in neuronal degeneration. Which cellular pathways are activated hinges critically on the amplitude and time course of the intracellular calcium injected by NMDA receptors. In turn, these features of the calcium transient depend fundamentally on the receptor's ionic conductance, calcium permeability, and gating kinetics. Here, I present new evidence from my laboratory that the NMDA receptor-mediated calcium transient is differentially controlled by the receptor's intracellular domains, with ionic conductance and calcium permeability set by GluN1 and gating kinetics controlled largely by GluN2 subunits. Importantly, the phosphorylation state of GluN1 residues modulates in a reversible and dynamic manner calcium permeability and pore size. This appears to be a heretofore unique case of physiologic regulation of channel permeability by reversible, in-situ post-translational modification. Given the critical role of NMDA receptor calcium transients in synaptic physiology, the mechanisms we discuss here may open the way for new ways to manipulate these for therapeutic gain.
Catalyst Control over Regio- and Enantioselectivity in Baeyer–Villiger Oxidations of Functionalized Ketones

We report a peptide-based catalyst that can strongly influence the regio- and enantioselectivity of the Baeyer–Villiger (BV) oxidation of cyclic ketones bearing amide, urea, or sulfonamide functional groups. Both types of selectivity are thought to arise from a catalyst–substrate hydrogen-bonding interaction. Furthermore, in selected cases, the reactions exhibit the hallmarks of parallel kinetic resolution. The capacity to use catalysis to select between BV products during an asymmetric process may have broad utility for both the synthesis and diversification of complex molecules, including natural products.
Effect of Crosslink Type on the Ultrasound Devulcanization of SBR Vulcanizates

Abstract Sulfur-cured non-reinforced SBR with different amounts of poly-, di- and monosulfidic crosslinks is devulcanized by high power ultrasound irradiation in a continuous process under various ...
Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisone therapy on human plasma aminopeptidase activity.

Summary and conclusions1. In a small control series the normal range of human plasma L-leucylglycylglycine-splitting (LGGase) activity has been established.2. In 2 patients who responded to ACTH and Cortisone therapy, the pre-treatment LGGase activities were abnormally high and, concurrent with clinical remissions, plasma LGGase activities fell to normal levels only to rise again with onset of clinical relapses after cessation of therapy.3. In 4 patients who did not respond to hormonal therapy, no change in plasma LGGase activity occurred irrespective of whether pre-treatment levels were high or normal.4. Plasma LGGase activity was normal in a patient with Cushing's syndrome and in a patient with Addison's disease but was significantly elevated in a second patient with Addison's disease complicated by arthritis.5. These studies lend credence to the hypothesis that changes in plasma LGGase activity reflect changes in clinical status and are not necessarily mediated through the adrenal cortex.
Self-Assembled TiO2 with Increased Photoelectron Production, and Improved Conduction and Transfer: Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Highly crystalline mesoporous anatase TiO2 is prepared through supramolecular self-assembly and by utilizing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as templating material. Photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made from these TiO2 nanoparticles are found to have a high specific surface area of 153 m2/g and high surface roughness. Optical absorption spectroscopy studies reveal that the photoanode films adsorb four times more dye than films made of commercial P25 TiO2. Mercury porosimetry and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) studies show hierarchical macro- and meso-porosity of the photoanode films leading to better dye and electrolyte percolation, combined with improved electron conduction pathways compared to P25 films. Electrochemical impedance studies confirm lower impedance and higher electron lifetime in the synthesized mesoporous TiO2 films compared to P25 films. Higher photovoltaic efficiency was recorded of cells made from the synthesized mesoporous TiO2 in comparison ...
Stability of fiber Bragg grating wavelength calibration references

We discuss the key considerations necessary to create stable fiber Bragg grating wavelength references. We describe two high-accuracy measurements to characterize the gratings, and we demonstrate gratings with wavelength stability better than 1 pm over 75 days.
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor: Surgery

To obtain tumor samples for histological examination and for genetic investigations, to debulk the tumor mass to decompress the surrounding neural structures and to favor the adjuvant treatments, and to treat the possibly associated hydrocephalus are the main goals of surgery when dealing with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). The extent of tumor resection should be radical or as large as possible to relief from preoperative clinical signs and to extend the patient’s survival, which remains very short in this highly malignant tumor. Unfortunately, the huge size of the tumor at diagnosis and the young age of the affected children may prevent a massive tumor excision so that, in some instances, it could be advisable to resect the tumor in two or more steps, in order to obtain a satisfactory mass reduction safely. Such a strategy bears also a minor risk of postoperative neurological deficits. Indeed, the surgical removal of AT/RT carries a high risk of surgically related complications since the tumor infiltration may preclude the functional preservation of the surrounding parenchyma. Gross total tumor resection can currently be obtained in about 70 % of cases. The surgical mortality rate is 1–3 %; the postoperative morbidity ranges from 5–10 % to 30 % in case of AT/RT involving the cerebellopontine angle.
Effects of glucose, sucrose, and lactose on intestinal disaccharidases in the rat.

Abstract Diets containing 68 per cent glucose, sucrose, or lactose were fed to 40-day-old and adult rats for 1 to 12 weeks. Whether the animals were fed ad libitum or isocalorically, small intestinal lactase, sucrase, and maltase activities were consistently and significantly greater in rats fed lactose compared to rats fed glucose, sucrose, or lab chow. The greatest differences occurred between rats fed sucrose, which had the lowest activities of all 3 disaccharidases, and those fed lactose, which had the highest. The differences were detectable after 1 week of feeding (the shortest period tested), were maximal at 3 weeks, and persisted for up to 12 weeks. They occurred in growing as well as in adult animals. When lactose was fed following sucrose, sucrase, lactase, and maltase activities increased, and when sucrose was fed following lactose, all 3 enzyme activities decreased. The higher enzyme activities associated with lactose feeding were not secondary to the starvation of animals fed lactose due to their inability to hydrolyze or absorb lactose. Dietary effects on the intestinal enzymes were greatest in the middle half of the gut. The diets did not influence gut weight or intestinal protein content; thus they affected the intestinal disaccharidase activities per se, and their influences were evident whether the enzyme activities were expressed as units per tissue protein or as units per wet weight. Neither sucrose nor lactose influenced the activity of its specific disaccharidase apart from its influence on the other disaccharidases.
Seeing Is Believing: Sorting Out Signaling Events at the Immunological Synapse

This month’s Pillars of Immunology section features two papers that form the foundation for our current understanding of the immunological synapse, the specialized cell/cell contact site formed between a T cell and an APC ([1][1], [2][2]). Today, we know that this structure serves as a platform
Plasmapheresis with return of cryoglobulin-depleted autologous plasma (cryoglobulinpheresis) in cryoglobulinemia

Three patients with cryoglobulinemia have been treated with automated plasma exchange procedures in which the replacement fluid was autologous plasma, obtained at a previous plasmapheresis and incubated in the cold to precipitate abnormal protein. All three responded with a reduction in cryoglobulin level and an improvement in clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinemia. The cost of treatment was less than that of conventional plasmapheresis, even though the quality of the replacement fluid was superior. The term “cryoglobulinpheresis” is suggested for this treatment process.
Study of the Hydrates of H2SO4 Using Density Functional Theory

Density functional molecular orbital theory was used at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory to study the hydrates of sulfuric acid (H2SO4·nH2O) for n = 0−7 and the dimer of the trihydrate of sulfuric acid, (H2SO4·3H2O)2. Six neutrals of the first six H2SO4·nH2O clusters (n = 1−6) were determined to be hydrogen-bonded molecular complexes of H2SO4 and H2O and contain no H3O+ ions. An H3O+ ion and HSO4- formed in clusters of H2SO4·nH2O for n = 3−7. This is in contrast to the bulk phase where H2SO4 and two H2O's have been converted to two H3O+ ions and a free SO42- ion. The energetics of the hydration reactions also were obtained. The free energy of formation from free H2SO4 and H2O had a minimum at n = 3−4 at room temperature. However, the free energy of formation of H2SO4·nH2O from free H2SO4 and H2O decreased rapidly with temperature with the minimum becoming less pronounced and disappearing completely by 248 K. Below 248 K there is no free energy barrier to the formation of la...
Weight Trajectory over 20 Years and Likelihood of Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia Among Older Women

Objectives The association between weight change and cognition is controversial. We examined the association between 20-year weight change and cognitive function in late life. Design Cohort study. Setting Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). Participants One thousand two hundred eighty-nine older, community-dwelling women (mean baseline age 68 (65–81) and 88 (82–102) at cognitive testing). Measurements Study of Osteoporotic Fractures participants had body weight measured repeatedly over 20 years (mean 8 weights). Adjudicated cognitive status was classified as normal (n = 775) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia (n = 514) at Year 20. Logistic models were used to evaluate whether absolute weight change, rate of weight loss per year, presence of abrupt, unrecovered weight loss, and weight variability were associated with MCI or dementia. Results Women with greater rate of weight loss over 20 years had increased chance of developing MCI or dementia. In age/education/clinic-adjusted “base” models, each 0.5 kg/yr decrease resulted in 30% increased odds of MCI/dementia (OR = 1.30 [95% CI: 1.14, 1.49]). After adjustment for age, education, clinic, depression, and walking speed, there was 17% (OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.35]) increased odds of MCI/dementia for each 0.5 kg/yr decrease in weight. In base models, variability in weight was significant. Each 1% average deviation from each woman's predicted weight curve was associated with 11% increased odds of MCI/dementia (OR = 1.11 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.18]). The estimate was attenuated after full adjustment (OR = 1.06 [95% CI: 0.99, 1.14]). The presence of an abrupt weight decline was not associated with MCI/dementia. Conclusions Rate of weight loss over 20 years was associated with development of MCI or dementia in women surviving past 80 years, suggesting that nutritional status, social-environmental factors, and/or adipose tissue function and structure may affect cognitive function with aging.
A Case of Mysterious Impacted Duodenal Foreign Body Presenting with Halitosis

The majority of gastrointestinal (GI) foreign bodies (FBs) discovered in adults are the result of intentional ingestion, most of which are found in patients with a preexisting psychiatric illness, wit
The Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) Vs. Traditional Anticoagulants in Patients with Cirrhosis

Introduction: The coagulopathy associated with cirrhosis is complex and places patients at risk for both bleeding and thrombosis. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been shown to have superior efficacy and safety compared to vitamin K antagonists; however their efficacy and safety in cirrhotic patients is not clear. The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the effectiveness and bleeding complications of DOACs as compared to traditional anticoagulants in cirrhotic patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of patients treated at a single academic center between 2012-2015 who were prescribed a DOAC (apixaban or rivaroxaban), or a traditional anticoagulant (warfarin or low molecular weight heparin), with an ICD-9 code for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. The primary outcomes of interest are recurrent thrombosis or stroke (efficacy failure), or bleeding events (safety failure). Major bleeds were characterized as fatal bleeding, symptomatic bleeding in critical organ area, or bleeding causing a fall in hemoglobin level >2 or leading to transfusion of 2+ units of packed red blood cells. Results: During the study period, 27 cirrhotic patients were prescribed a DOAC and 18 were prescribed a traditional anticoagulant (either LMWH or warfarin). Both groups had similar total bleeding events (8 DOAC vs. 10 traditional anticoagulation, p = 0.12). There were significantly less major bleeding episodes in the DOAC group, (1 (4%) vs. 5 (28%), p = 0.03) and less intracranial bleeding (3 (17% ) vs. 0 (0%) p=0.06). Recurrent thrombosis or stroke occurred in 1 (4%) patient in the DOAC group and 1 (6%) patient in the traditional group (p = 1.0). Conclusions: Anticoagulation with DOACs in cirrhotic patients may be as safe as traditional anticoagulants with respect to bleeding events. Patients with cirrhosis at our center prescribed DOACs had less major bleeding events, while maintaining efficacy at preventing stroke or recurrent thrombosis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A general prelithiation approach for group IV elements and corresponding oxides

Abstract Prelithiation of anode materials is an important strategy to compensate for lithium loss as a result of the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the surface of anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Conventional prelithiation reagents often present serious safety concerns due to the high flammability and unstable chemical nature. Here, we successfully developed a general one-pot metallurgical process to prelithiate group IV elements and their corresponding oxides, yielding prelithiation capacity approaching the theoretical specific capacity. As-synthesized Li22Z5 alloys and Li22Z5-Li2O composites (Z = Si, Ge, Sn etc) can serve as prelithiation reagents to increase the first cycle Coulombic efficiency of both graphite and alloy-type anode materials. Among all lithiated group IV alloys, LixGe exhibits the best stability under ambient-air conditions, consistent with the simulation results showing the large binding energy between Li and Ge atoms in Li22Ge5 crystal. Metallurgical lithiation of ZO2 results in composites with homogeneously dispersed reactive LixZ nanodomains embedded in a robust Li2O matrix which effectively suppresses the oxidation process. Li22Z5-Li2O composites further improve the ambient-air stability because the strong binding between O atoms in Li2O and Li atoms in Li22Z5 stabilizes the reactive Li22Z5 nanodomains. These results allow us to identify the prelithiation reagents with the optimal stability in air, thereby simplifying the requirement on the industrial electrode fabrication environment.
Radiation Therapy of CNS Metastases

Radiation treatment of central nervous system (CNS) metastases, particularly brain metastasis, is changing. The role of radiation for intraaxial disease was originally limited to palliation. However, now there is an increasing expectation by both patients and physicians to integrate radiotherapy in an overall strategy for eradication of disease. Recent innovations in radiobiology and technical advances in radiotherapy have proven beneficial to many extracranial sites. Nevertheless, these advances have lagged behind in the treatment of brain and spinal metastases and have not kept pace with changing expectations. We aim to explain the scientific basis of radiotherapy for CNS metastasis, current treatment options and techniques, controversies, and future goals for potential improvement.
Enhanced mRNA delivery into lymphocytes enabled by lipid-varied libraries of charge-altering releasable transporters

We report a strategy for generating a combinatorial library of oligonucleotide transporters with varied lipid domains and their use in the efficient transfection of lymphocytes with mRNA in vitro and in vivo. This library is based on amphiphilic charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) that contain a lipophilic block functionalized with various side-chain lipids and a polycationic α-amino ester mRNA-binding block that undergoes rearrangement to neutral small molecules, resulting in mRNA release. We show that certain binary mixtures of these lipid-varied CARTs provide up to a ninefold enhancement in mRNA translation in lymphocytes in vitro relative to either a single-lipid CART component alone or the commercial reagent Lipofectamine 2000, corresponding to a striking increase in percent transfection from 9–12% to 80%. Informed by the results with binary mixtures, we further show that CARTs consisting of optimized ratios of the two lead lipids incorporated into a single hybrid-lipid transporter molecule maintain the same delivery efficacy as the noncovalent mixture of two CARTs. The lead lipid CART mixtures and hybrid-lipid CARTs show enhanced lymphocyte transfection in primary T cells and in vivo in mice. This combinatorial approach for rapidly screening mRNA delivery vectors has provided lipid-varied CART mixtures and hybrid-lipid CARTs that exhibit significant improvement in mRNA delivery to lymphocytes, a finding of potentially broad value in research and clinical applications.
Penetrating Trauma of the Chest

Penetrating thoracic trauma may present with multiple immediate threats to patient survival. Prompt recognition and treatment of life-threatening injuries is critical in minimizing morbidity and mortality. Injuries may occur to pulmonary parenchyma, heart, tracheobronchial tree, esophagus, great vessels, or thoracic duct. Tube thoracostomy and FAST exams in the trauma bay may prove to be a useful adjunct in early diagnosis and treatment. Patients suffering penetrating trauma to the thoracic cavity with cardiovascular collapse may benefit from emergency department thoracotomy. Hemodynamically stable patients can benefit from the availability of multidetector CT scan to delineate the extent of injuries as well as potentially guide endovascular therapy. Optimal surgical approaches for intrathoracic injuries depend on an accurate assessment of the injured structures. Early diagnosis and intervention remains key in salvaging this patient population.
Examining Amyloid Structure and Kinetics with 1D and 2D Infrared Spectroscopy and Isotope Labeling

The combination of infrared spectroscopy and isotope labeling is a powerful toolset for providing residue-specific information about the structure and aggregation kinetics of amyloid peptides. In this chapter, we review a simple mathematical formalism to guide the interpretation of 1D- and 2DIR spectra of amyloid fibers. This formalism enables the design of isotope labeling schemes to extract precise structural features from IR spectra. We present 2DIR experiments on hIAPP and Aβ in which some of these strategies have been employed.
Effects of Opioids

The introduction of narcotic analgesic drugs into animals including man at suitable dosage produces a myriad of pharmacological responses involving almost every tissue in the body: gut motility is decreased, respiratory rate and blood pressure are decreased, diuresis is slowed, impulse flow in sympathetic ganglia is decreased, ACTH release from the pituitary gland is decreased, etc. The central nervous system is the site at which most of these responses are initiated: (1) the vegetative effects on circulation and respiration are controlled in the medulla; (2) the pituitary responses are mediated by specific nuclei in the hypothalamus or by neurohormones in the pituitary itself; (3) pain responses are mediated via regulation of pain pathways in the brain and spinal cord; (4) target tissues of pituitary trophic hormones are regulated by these hormones; (5) behavioral responses are mediated by appropriate pathways in the central nervous system.
Cost Efficiency of an Aircraft Arrival Speed Profile.

Over the past thirty years, the civil aeronautical community has actively pursued research to enable efficient and environmentally friendly arrival operations. One outcome of this research is a collection of new ground automation tools, developed to assist air traffic controllers (ATC) in managing traffic while maintaining safety. Another outcome is a set of Optimal Profile Descent (OPD) and Continuous Descent Arrival (CDA) procedures, designed to reduce emissions and noise. Recent years have seen significant efforts to integrate these new tools and procedures to manage arrival flights even more efficiently. In one such research activity, each arrival flight is scheduled to pass certain points along a specific route defined from the transition airspace all the way to the runway. This approach was initially called precision scheduling and, in later literature,renamed to precision operations. With this approach, air traffic controllers would use speed clearances as the primary means of guiding flights, reserving vectoring clearances for exceptions only. Precision operations, with its speed control, is in contrast to the conventional approach, in which aircraft follow a routine of vectoring clearances from ATC upon entering the terminal airspace.
Latin American Culture: A Deconstruction of Stereotypes

This article addresses and deconstructs some of the most widely held beliefs on Latin America in the United States, and it is based on an analysis of publications (in print and electronic), with emphasis on the past forty years, coupled with statistics and personal observations. Specifically, the article examines the differences and similarities among Latin Americans in eight areas of the Latin American social world—urban-rural subcultures, work, ethnicity, social class, religion, militarism, politics, and family and gender relations—and it questions the widespread idea of a monolithic group as reflected in US popular culture and in the US media.
2SMaRT: A Two-Stage Machine Learning-Based Approach for Run-Time Specialized Hardware-Assisted Malware Detection

Hardware-assisted Malware Detection (HMD) has emerged as a promising solution to improve the security of computer systems using Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs) information collected at run-time. While several recent studies proposed machine learning-based solutions to identify malware using HPCs, they rely on a large number of microarchitectural events to achieve high accuracy and detection rate. More importantly, they have largely overlooked complexity-effective prediction of malware classes at run-time. As we show in this work, the detection performance of malware classifiers is highly dependent on the number of available HPCs and varies significantly across classes of malware. The limited number of available HPCs in modern microprocessors that can be simultaneously captured makes run-time malware detection with high detection performance using existing solutions a challenging problem, as they require multiple runs of applications to collect a sufficient number of microarchitectural events. In response, in this paper, we first identify the most important HPCs for HMD using an effective feature reduction method. We then develop a specialized two-stage run-time HMD referred as 2SMaRT. 2SMaRT first classifies applications using a multiclass classification technique into either benign or one of the malware classes (Virus, Rootkit, Backdoor, and Trojan). In the second stage, to have a high detection performance, 2SMaRT deploys a machine learning model that works best for each class of malware. To realize an effective run-time solution that relies on only available HPCs, 2SMaRT is further customized using an ensemble learning technique to boost the performance of general malware detectors. The experimental results show that 2SMaRT using ensemble technique with just 4HPCs outperforms state-of-the-art classifiers with 8HPCs by up to 31.25% in terms of detection performance, on average across different classes of malware.
Understanding the driving forces for crystal growth by oriented attachment through theory and simulations

Oriented attachment (OA) is a particle-based crystallization pathway in which nanocrystals self-assemble in solution and attach along certain crystallographic direction often forming highly organized three-dimensional crystal morphologies. The pathway offers the potential for a general synthetic approach of hierarchical nanomaterials, in which multiscale structural control is achieved by manipulating the interfacial nucleation and self-assembly of nanoscale building blocks. Here, the current status of the development of a predictive theoretical framework for modeling crystallization by OA is reviewed. A particular emphasis is made on recent developments in understanding the microscopic details of solvent-mediated forces that drive nanocrystal reorientation and alignment for face-selective attachment. Interactions arising from the correlated solvent dynamics at particle interfaces emerge as the main sources of long-range face-specific interparticle forces and short-range torque for fine particle alignment into lattice matching configuration. These findings shift the focus of the experimental and theoretical research of OA onto the detailed study of interfacial solvent structure and dynamics.
Registries/Data in Population Health Management

Dr. S, medical director of an outpatient geriatric practice, wants to make sure that all patients who are seen in the ER are seen promptly for follow-up after discharge back to the community. Dr. S is aware that the literature supports rapid outpatient follow-up after an ED visit or hospitalization and that this is a high-risk time for her geriatric patients. She decides to approach her institution’s analytics department to find out how she can ensure that no patients slip through the cracks for a post-discharge phone call and visit.
Intravenous Insulin Versus Conservative Management in Hypertriglyceridemia-Associated Acute Pancreatitis.

Context and Objective Hypertriglyceridemia is implicated in ~5% of cases of acute pancreatitis. It is assumed that intravenous insulin is effective in lowering triglyceride (TG) concentrations in hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HAAP). However, the efficacy of intravenous insulin versus conservative management alone is not known. Design and Setting Charts of 106 patients who were admitted with HAAP and had TG concentrations >1000 mg/dL at admission were reviewed. Patients who received intravenous insulin for at least 8 hours were included in the intravenous insulin group, while the rest were considered to have received conservative management. We compared the change in TG concentrations from baseline in the 2 groups. Results Fifty-one patients received intravenous insulin while 55 patients were managed conservatively. Baseline TG concentrations were higher in the intravenous insulin group (median [25th, 75th percentile] 3307 [2106, 4425] mg/dL vs 2304 [1416, 2720] mg/dL; P < 0.001). The TG concentrations declined rapidly in both groups, reaching below 1000 mg/dL by day 3 and < 500 mg/dL by day 4. TG concentrations in the intravenous insulin group had decreased by 69% and 85% on days 2 and 4, respectively. The fall in the conservative management group was 63% and 79%, which was not statistically different than the change in the intravenous insulin group. Conclusion Our results show that intravenous insulin did not result in a more rapid fall in TG compared with conservative treatment in patients with HAAP. Fasting and intravenous fluids were effective in lowering TG concentrations rapidly, with no further contribution from insulin.
CHAPTER SEVEN – Depreciation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the concept of depreciation. The gross profit for a business depends on the net sales, beginning inventory, purchases, and ending inventory. The cost of goods sold is not the only cost for a business. There are other costs such as rent, utilities, maintenance, and salaries. When the total of the expenses is subtracted from the gross profit, the result is called the net income. One very important expense for a business is the cost of long-lived assets such as the property that the business can own—machinery, cars, trucks, and office equipment. The accumulated depreciation is the running total of the depreciation expense accumulated to date, and the book value is the cost of the asset less the accumulated depreciation. In the straight-line method of depreciation, the depreciation expense is the same for each year of the asset's life. A depreciation schedule shows the annual depreciation expense, accumulated depreciation, and book value over the useful life of the asset. When the numbers are simple, the depreciation rate and the depreciation expense can be calculated mentally.
Predictors of 90-Day Readmission Rate After Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Repair.

Objective The repair of unruptured intracranial aneurysms has increased since 2000. In this study, we analyzed the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) to determine the rate of 90-day readmission. Our objective is to examine readmission trends after unruptured aneurysm repair. Methods This study used the 2013 and 2014 NRD. Patient data included standard demographic, comorbidity, and payer information. We selected patients who had undergone microsurgical or endovascular repair for a nonruptured aneurysm. We excluded patients who were under 18 years of age, had a subarachnoid hemorrhage, or were discharged to home the same day. Readmission was calculated by counting the number of days between the end of the index visit and earliest readmission date. Results A total of 2180 of 29,694 patients (7.34%) were readmitted within 90 days of their initial hospitalization. They were younger (mean, 52.6 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51.4–53.8) than patients not readmitted (mean, 57.4 years; 95% CI, 57.1–57.8; P Conclusions In this study of over 28,000 patients treated for an unruptured aneurysm, the 90-day readmission rate was 7.34%. Endovascular patients had higher odds of readmission than microsurgical patients. Patients with common medical comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, renal failure, and diabetes) were less likely to be readmitted than patients without those conditions.
National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance: stakeholder analysis of implementation in Ghana

# Background Understanding potential barriers to implementation of public health policy is important to ensure well-informed decisions, and stakeholders play critical roles in implementation. Stakeholder analysis is expected to shed light on Ghana’s progress with the implementation of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance since the completion of the Global Health Security Agenda’s Joint External Evaluation. The outcome of stakeholder analysis can improve understanding of their roles and institutional capacity to promote prudent use of antibiotics in populations at the community level. # Methods Eight semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with participants of the Joint External Evaluation process, including personnel from the policy, research, and practice programs in Ghana’s public health sector. In-person interviews were conducted between September and October 2018 in the Greater Accra and Upper West regions. # Results The analysis revealed four main themes: national burden of disease and antibiotic resistance, policy development, implementation barriers, and strategies. Ghana’s national antimicrobial policy and action plans to enhance public education and awareness align with the objectives of the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. All respondents expressed concern about the increasing proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which they attribute in part to the inappropriate use of antibiotics in local communities. Although Ghana has laws to regulate the sale of antibiotics, enforcement has been a major challenge. Inadequate funding for monitoring compliance comprises the greatest challenge. Stakeholders also acknowledged the importance of strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration, and the need to leverage resources from the animal and environmental sectors through a One Health approach to ensure successful implementation of the national action plan. # Conclusions This study identified several opportunities for effective implementation of the Ghana’s National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. Stakeholders were enthusiastic about the effectiveness of the One Health approach, and there is strong political will to promote multisectoral partnership to advance implementation efforts.
Media Pembelajaran Intraktif Sistem Tata Surya

Abstrak – Media pembelajaran adalah segala sesuatu yang dapat digunakan untuk menyalurkan pesan (bahan pembelajaran), sehingga dapat merangsang perhatian, minat, pikiran, dan perasaan siswa dalam kegiatan belajar untuk mencapai tujuan belajar. Di SMKN 1 Praya Timur masih rendahnya prestasi belajar siswa khususnya pada pelajaran sistem tata surya disebabkan karna, kurangnya perhatian atau konsentrasi siswa terhadap apa yang disampaikan oleh guru, penyampaian materi kurang jelas. Peran guru sebagai fasilitator dan moderator bagi terciptanya situasi kondusif bagi siswa belum dilaksanakan secara optimal, sebagian besar guru mengajar masih menggunakan manual dengan mengandalkan pencatatan buku atau menulis dipapan tulis mengakibatkan siswa/siswi tidak efektif belajar dan kurang fokus. Untuk menyikapi hal tersebut, salah satu cara yang dilakukan yaitu melalui pendekatan berbasis media pembelajaran interaktif. Dengan adanya Aplikasi media pembelajaran ini diharapkan dapat membantu guru pada saat mengajar siswa/siswi berlangsung, sehingga dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPA tentang sistem tata surya siswa/siswi melihat secara jelas dan berkonsentrasi pada saat guru menjelaskan atau menyampaikan materi pada saat mengajar.
Genome Sequence of Acetobacter tropicalis DmPark25_167, a Bacterium Isolated from a Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Model of Parkinson's Disease.

ABSTRACT Here, we report the genome of Acetobacter tropicalis DmPark25_167, a bacterial strain isolated from a Drosophila melanogasterpark25 mutant. The park25 mutant is an established genetic model of Parkinson’s disease. DmPark25_167 has duplicated methionine metabolism and type IV secretion gene alleles compared with another strain of A. tropicalis.
NR 17 NO CONTEXTO ACADÊMICO: APLICADA NA EDUCAÇÃO TÉCNICA: NR 17 IN THE ACADEMIC CONTEXT: APPLIED IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION

A natureza interdisciplinar da ergonomia a torna notavelmente aplicavel a varios campos que envolvem desempenho humano. A educacao e um campo em que a ergonomia pode dar uma contribuicao significativa, mas a aplicacao da ergonomia educacional recebe apenas uma atencao limitada. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os riscos ergonomicos, de servidores estaduais (professores, administrativo) e terceirizados (auxiliar de servicos gerais, vigilantes) de uma instituicao de educacao profissional tecnica de nivel medio, de forma a contribuir com a organizacao e/ou reorganizacao ergonomica no ambiente educacional. Foram conduzidos questionarios eletronicos semiestruturados quantitativos em forma de entrevistas individuais, para os grupos servidores e terceirizados. Posteriormente, a intervencao no ambiente educacional envolveu um curso com a tematica ergonomia educacional, aplicado ao grupo alunos, alem de uma campanha educativa - Webinar. Os resultados evidenciaram, de forma geral, os niveis de desconforto/dor classificados em moderado e intenso, com base nos questionarios respondidos pelos servidores e terceirizados. Notou-se ainda o desconhecimento dos alunos em relacao a ergonomia educacional e areas afins. Conclui-se que e necessaria intervencao educacional, ergonomica e interacao professor-aluno-ambiente na tematica ergonomia.
Offspring of first-generation hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grow faster in the hatchery than offspring of wild fish, but survive worse in the wild: possible mechanisms for inadvertent domestication and fitness loss in hatchery salmon

Salmonid fish raised in hatcheries often have lower fitness (number of returning adult offspring) than wild fish when both spawn in the wild. Body size at release from hatcheries is positively correlated with survival at sea. So one explanation for reduced fitness is that hatcheries inadvertently select for trait values that enhance growth rate under the unnatural environment of a hatchery, but that are maladaptive in the wild environment. A simple prediction of this hypothesis is that juveniles of hatchery origin should grow more quickly than fish of wild origin under hatchery conditions, but should have lower survival under wild conditions. We tested that hypothesis using multiple full sibling families of steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) that were spawned using either two wild parents (WxW) or two first-generation hatchery (HxH) parents. Offspring from all the families were grown together under hatchery conditions and under semi-natural conditions in artificial streams. HxH families grew significantly faster in the hatchery, but had significantly lower survival in the streams. That we see this tradeoff after only a single generation of selection suggests that the traits involved are under very strong selection. We also considered one possible alteration to the hatchery environment that might reduce the intensity of selection among families in size at release. Here we tested whether reducing the fat content of hatchery feed would reduce the variance among families in body size. Although fish raised under a low-fat diet were slightly smaller, the variation among families in final size was unchanged. Thus, there is no evidence that reducing the fat content of hatchery feed would reduce the opportunity for selection among families on size at release.
Nisar Requirements and Validation Approach for Solid Earth Science

The joint NASA/ISRO SAR (NISAR) satellite mission is anticipated to provide routine L-band coverage of most of the Earth's land surface every 12-days for both ascending and descending orbits. In terms of impact on solid earth science (SES), the primary measurement will be Interferometric SAR (InSAR) observations of ground deformation in two satellite line-of-sight (LOS) directions. Key observation characteristics include acquisitions with small interferometric baselines to maximize interferometric coherence and decrease sensitivity to topography, wide bandwidth allowing for split-band processing to model out the impacts of the ionosphere, and joint L- and S-band observations in selected regions. We describe here the key measurement requirements for solid earth science, as well as our approach to validating these requirements once the mission is underway.
Canonical Models for Bi-isometries

A canonical model, analogous to the one for contraction operators, is introduced for bi-isometries, two commuting isometries on a Hilbert space. This model involves a contractive analytic operator-valued function on the unit disk. Various complete nonunitarity conditions are considered as well as bi-isometries for which both isometries are shifts. Several families of examples are introduced and classified.
Effects of low dose chenodeoxycholic acid feeding on biliary lipid metabolism

To better define the mechanisms by which chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) alters the lipid composition of bile and promotes dissolution of cholesterol gallstones, we have studied the effects of relatively low doses of CDCA on the metabolism of biliary lipids in 10 subjects without gallstones. In 5 subjects, the effects of CDCA feeding were compared to those of cholic acid, a bile acid that apparently does not dissolve cholesterol stones. The following measurements were carried out during control and treatment periods: (1) composition of biliary lipids, (2) hepatic secretion rates of biliary lipids, (3) pool sizes of bile acids, and (4) specific composition of bile acids. Low doses of CDCA consistently reduced the lithogenicity of gallbladder bile by decreasing the proportion of cholesterol relative to the solubilizing lipids--bile acids and lecithin. This decrease in lithogenicity was associated with a selective reduction in hepatic secretion rates of cholesterol. At the doses of CDCA given, secretion rates of bile acids and lecithin and pool sizes of bile acids were not significantly changed; also conversion of cholesterol into bile acids was not completely inhibited. Cholic acid feeding appeared to increase the total size of the bile acid pool, but it did not affect the lithogenicity of bile or secretion rates of cholesterol. The data show that at low doses CDCA lowers lithogenicity of bile by reducing hepatic secretion of cholesterol, while cholic acid does not have a similar effect.