cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suicide Risk and Emotional Responses to Thoughts of Death: The Response to Morbid Ideations Questionnaire

Background There is need for deeper understanding of the processes by which suicidal thoughts lead to action. Examination of morbid ideation and the emotional sequelae of such ideation that may feed suicide ideation (SI) and attempts (SA) have been limited. Method Adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 385) were administered the Response to Morbid Ideation Questionnaire (RMI-Q) and measures of SI, suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB), and other psychiatric symptom severity. We examined (1) incidence and prevalence in mentation of morbid ideations and emotional responses to these ideations, (2) differences in emotional responses between individuals of varying levels of suicide history, and (3) the relationships of different types of morbid ideations and emotional responses with concurrent SI and symptom severity. Results Morbid ideation was reported by 87.5% of participants and associated with lifetime and concurrent levels of SI/STB. Calm/relieved emotional responses were associated with lifetime and concurrent levels of SI/STB, while negative-valence responses to morbid ideations were associated with concurrent severity of psychopathology. Conclusions Our results suggest that the role of morbid ideation and its emotional sequelae in the development of suicidal motivation and action deserves further attention and may be a treatment target for suicide risk reduction.
How and when does abusive supervision affect hospitality employees’ service sabotage?

Abstract This study examines how and when abusive supervisor behaviors can motivate hospitality employees to engage in service sabotage. Using the data collected from a two-wave survey, administered to 183 hospitality employees, we uncovered employees’ perception of psychological contract breach as a feasible mediator between abusive supervision and service sabotage. In addition, we found that the extent to which employees perceive their supervisors to be representative of the employing organization (i.e., supervisor’s organizational embodiment or SOE) moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and psychological contract breach. Taken together, the research model presents that the effect of abusive supervision on service sabotage through psychological contract breach is stronger when SOE is high. We discussed theoretical and practical implications of study findings for hospitality academics and practitioners.
Redesigning Implementation Measurement for Monitoring and Quality Improvement in Community Delivery Settings

The field of prevention has established the potential to promote child adjustment across a wide array of outcomes. However, when evidence-based prevention programs have been delivered at scale in community settings, declines in implementation and outcomes have resulted. Maintaining high quality implementation is a critical challenge for the field. We describe steps towards the development of a practical system to monitor and support the high-quality implementation of evidence-based prevention programs in community settings. Research on the implementation of an evidence-based parenting program for divorcing families called the "New Beginnings Program" serves as an illustration of the promise of such a system. As a first step, we describe a multidimensional theoretical model of implementation that links aspects of program delivery with improvements in participant outcomes. We then describe research on the measurement of each of these implementation dimensions and test their relations to intended program outcomes. As a third step, we develop approaches to the assessment of these implementation constructs that are feasible to use in community settings and to establish their reliability and validity. We focus on the application of machine learning algorithms and web-based data collection systems to assess implementation and provide support for high quality delivery and positive outcomes. Examples are presented to demonstrate that valid and reliable measures can be collected using these methods. Finally, we envision how these measures can be used to develop an unobtrusive system to monitor implementation and provide feedback and support in real time to maintain high quality implementation and program outcomes.
How to Account for Interdependence of Risk in Financial Markets? A GARCH Approach to CoVaR Estimation

The current economic recession has drawn the attention of many to the fragility of the financial system. The most common measure of risk, the Value-at-Risk (VaR), has been seriously criticized for its lack of ability to capture risk spillovers among financial institutions. In order to better account for interdependence of risk, Adrian and Brunnermeier (2009) introduced a new risk measure: CoVaR. CoVaR - Conditional Value at Risk - of institution i on j is defined as the Value at Risk of institution i conditional upon the Value at Risk of institution j. In their work the two authors estimate CoVaR measures by employing quantile regression. In this work we first modify the definition of CoVaR suggested by AB (2009) to both avoid possible reverse causality issues and facilitate the forecast analysis. Successively, we employ a three steps GARCH procedure to estimate CoVaR measures and we compare these estimates with the ones obtained following the quantile regression approach used by AB (2009). Finally, using a data sample of 12 months prior to the 2007-2008 financial crisis, we retrieve CoVaR measures via the proposed GARCH methodology to determine whether it would have been able to predict which institutions have contributed the most to the financial crisis.
Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty versus Ultrathin DSAEK in the Descemet Endothelial Thickness Comparison Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose To compare corneal higher-order aberrations (HOA) after ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Design Patient- and outcome-masked randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants Patients with damaged or diseased endothelium from Fuchs endothelial dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy who were good candidates for DMEK or ultrathin DSAEK. Methods Corneal anterior and posterior surface HOA were measured with Scheimpflug imaging before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. HOA after ultrathin DSAEK and DMEK were compared; correlation was performed between best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and HOA at each time point. Main Outcome Measures Higher-order aberrations of the anterior and posterior cornea, expressed as the root mean square deviation from a best fit sphere reference surface. Results At 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, the posterior corneal surface had significantly less coma (P ≤ 0.003) and total HOA (P ≤ 0.001) in DMEK compared with ultrathin DSAEK (4.0- and 6.0-mm OZ). Posterior trefoil (P ≤ 0.034), secondary astigmatism (P ≤ 0.042), and tetrafoil (P ≤ 0.045) were lower in DMEK than ultrathin DSAEK at 3, 6, or 12 months (either 4.0- or 6.0-mm OZ). There were no significant differences in anterior surface HOA between DMEK and ultrathin DSAEK at any post-surgical time. Compared with baseline, total posterior HOA was increased (P ≤ 0.036) in ultrathin DSAEK at 3, 6, and 12 months, in contrast to DMEK, where it was decreased (P ≤ 0.044) at 6 and 12 months (4.0- or 6.0-mm OZ, or both). At 6 and 12 months, posterior corneal total HOA correlated with BSCVA (ρ ≤ 0.635, P ≤ 0.001; 4.0- and 6.0-mm OZ). There were no moderate or strong correlations between anterior or combined corneal surface HOA at any time point after surgery. Conclusions Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty results in less posterior corneal HOA compared with ultrathin DSAEK. Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty decreases and ultrathin DSAEK increases posterior corneal HOA compared with presurgical values. Total posterior corneal HOA correlates with 6- and 12-month postoperative visual acuity and may account for the better visual acuity observed after DMEK.
Approach to Ureterovaginal Fistula: Examining 13 Years of Experience.

OBJECTIVE We describe the management and outcomes of ureterovaginal fistulas over a 13-year period and present a treatment algorithm. METHODS We performed a review of ureterovaginal fistula cases between January 2005 and December 2017 at our tertiary academic center. Demographics, diagnostic approaches, and treatment outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Nineteen cases of ureterovaginal fistula were identified. Fistulas developed after hysterectomy in 18 cases and cesarean delivery in 1 case. Our primary treatment was conservative management with ureteral stenting in 12 and reimplantation in 6 cases. There was 1 case of spontaneous resolution. Ureteral stenting was successful in 11 (92%) of 12 patients. Stents were left in place for an average of 66 days (27-92 days). Complications of stents included pyelonephritis in 2 cases (18%) and stricture in 1 case (9%). Ultimately, conservative management was successful in treating ureterovaginal fistulas in 10 (83%) of 12 cases. The indications for primary ureteral reimplantation were concurrent vesicovaginal fistula in 3 cases, history of ureteral injury with surgical repair during the index surgery in 2 cases, and a 1-year delay in diagnosis in 1 case. A variety of follow-up surveillance methods were used, including tampon tests, computed tomographic urograms, retrograde pyelograms, and MAG-3 Lasix renal scans. CONCLUSIONS In carefully selected patients, ureteral stenting results in high cure rates for posthysterectomy ureterovaginal fistulas and should be considered first-line therapy. Complicated ureterovaginal fistulas may be best managed by primary ureteral reimplantation.
Retinal Pathologic Features on OCT among Eyes of Older Adults Judged Healthy by Color Fundus Photography.

Purpose OCT has revealed many details of retinal disease that were not available with older imaging technologies. In eyes of adults older than 60 years with healthy maculas as determined by color fundus photography (CFP) and a validated grading system, we screened for pathologic features using OCT. We also tested visual function to assess potential impact of the observed pathologic features on patients. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Persons recruited from primary ophthalmology care clinics. Methods Color fundus photographs were assessed by the 9-step Age-Related Eye Disease Study scale. OCT macular volumes of participants at step 1 on the Age-Related Eye Disease Study scale, considered healthy, were reviewed by a retina specialist masked to other participant characteristics. Participants were tested for 6 different cone- and rod-mediated visual functions. Main Outcome Measures Percentage of participants with disorders detected on OCT review and visual function measures. Results In 138 of 984 eyes (14%) considered healthy by CFP, pathologic features were detectable by OCT, with 8.4% having vitreomacular interface disorders. Among the low-prevalence disorders found, 5 eyes (0.5%) showed macular telangiectasia type 2. Relative to eyes lacking detectable chorioretinal pathologic features, eyes with any pathologic features were associated with poorer low-luminance visual acuity and rod-mediated dark adaptation. In eyes with epiretinal membranes, the largest single entity identified (n = 61 [6.2%]), significantly worse visual functions were best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.0444), low-luminance visual acuity (P = 0.0151), and light sensitivity (central 3° and 9°; P = 0.0035 and P = 0.0097, respectively). Conclusions Macular pathologic features with functional visual implications not identified by clinical examination or CFP are detectable with OCT. Vitreomacular interface disorders often are visually significant and treatable conditions that are visible on OCT, but are easily missed on CFP and clinical examination. Another such condition best seen on OCT is macular telangiectasia type 2, an untreatable disorder for which a clinical trial is in progress. OCT has a potential role in primary eye care clinics to screen for retinal pathologic features, especially in eyes with decreased visual acuity and otherwise normal examination results.
Neonicotinoid insecticide concentrations in agricultural wetlands and associations with aquatic invertebrate communities

Abstract Neonicotinoids are considered a superior insecticide for agricultural pest management, although their impacts on non-target insects is a rising concern. Aside from laboratory and mesocosm studies, limited research has been directed towards the role neonicotinoids may have in structuring aquatic invertebrate communities in field settings. Therefore, we simultaneously collected aquatic invertebrate and surface water samples from 26 wetlands within a highly modified agricultural landscape of Nebraska’s Rainwater Basin during spring 2015. Water samples were tested for six different neonicotinoids, nutrients, and physical properties. Trace levels of clothianidin and imidacloprid were the only neonicotinoids detected, occurring in 85% and 15%, respectively, of wetlands sampled. All measurements for clothianidin and imidacloprid were below chronic toxicity benchmarks set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Neonicotinoid concentrations were significantly lower (W26, 0.05 = 42.5) at wetlands with vegetative buffer strips > 50 m wide compared to wetlands with vegetative buffers strips
Bulk Assemblies of Lead Bromide Trimer Clusters with Geometry-Dependent Photophysical Properties

Single crystalline bulk assemblies of metal halide clusters show great potential as highly efficient light emitters with tunable photophysical properties. However, synthetic control of the geometry...
Bladder wall segmentation using U-net based deep learning

We are developing a deep learning based U-Net (U-DL) model for bladder wall segmentation in CT urography (CTU) as a component of a computer-assisted pipeline for bladder cancer detection and treatment response assessment. This task is challenging due to variations in size and shape of the wall among cases, low contrast between the bladder wall and surrounding structures, and some walls being extremely thin and occasionally invisible compared to the overall size of the bladder. Our previous method used a deep-learning convolution neural network and level sets (DCNN-LS) within a user-input bounding box. In the current study, we propose two new methods for bladder wall segmentation: 1) the outer and inner bladder wall contour masks are generated to train two different U-DLs and the segmented bladder regions are subtracted to obtain the final bladder wall; 2) a combined wall mask for the bladder wall is generated by subtracting the hand-outlined bladder inner and outer contour masks, and a single U-DL is trained to segment the bladder wall. The new methods use only U-Net without level-set post-processing. Hand-segmented contours from 67 training and 14 validation cases were used for this study. The combined wall mask training method in particular shows promise in improving both accuracy and reducing pipeline complexity.
Regulation of the A40104 fermentation - Production of A40104A, a pleuromutilin glycoside antibiotic.

ABSTRACT A40104A, a pleuromutilin β-D-xylopyranoside, is the only reported naturally-occurring pleuromutilin glycoside. In vitro studies have shown the specific antibiotic activity of the glycoside is 5-fold greater than the specific activity of pleuromutilin. Additional metabolites of Clitopilus pseudo-pinsitus , the basidiomycete culture that produces A40104A, include A40104B, pleuromutilin, and 14-acetylmutilin. A40104B is a pleuromutilin analog that contains an additional hydroxyl in the tricyclic diterpene ring system. A40104A and/or pleuromutilin are the major components of the antibiotic complex while A40104B and 14-acetylmutilin are very minor components. Pleuromutilin is produced initially and A40104A appears later, apparently synthesized by glycosylation of the pleuromutilin. The amount of antibiotic produced and the pleuromutilin-A40104A ratio are highly dependent upon the fermentation conditions employed. A40104A yields are increased by high levels of dissolved oxygen, an incubation temperature of 30°C, and the addition of mutilin or pleuromutilin and corn oil to the medium. KEYWORDS Pleuromutilin, pleuromutilin glycoside, 14-acetylmutilin, natural products, fermentation, new antibiotic complex, basidiomycete.
Advanced FLISR With Intentional Islanding Operations in an ADMS Environment Using GridAPPS-D

An advanced distribution management system (ADMS) is a software platform that supports grid management and decision support applications to address the growing operational challenges faced by power distribution systems to ensure reliable, resilient, and economic operations. In this paper, a fault location, isolation, and restoration (FLISR) application is developed and integrated with an open-source standards-based platform for ADMS application development viz. GridAPPS-D, developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Also, a new distribution system restoration (DSR) algorithm, an integral part of the FLISR application, is proposed that utilizes backup feeders and distributed generators (along with intentional islanding features) to restore critical loads. The proposed application is developed in python and is tested on a modified IEEE 8500-node test system using the GridAPPS-D platform. The successful deployment of the FLISR application on the GridAPPS-D platform provides a proof-of-concept for the adoption of new and advanced ADMS applications to support future power distribution systems.
Trends in inpatient palliative care use for primary brain malignancies

Primary brain malignancies (PBMs) pose significant morbidity and poor prognosis. Despite NCCN recommendations that palliative care should be integrated into general oncologic care plans, it has been historically underused in patients with PBM. We sought to examine trends and factors associated with inpatient palliative care use in patients with PBM. Data from the 2007–2016 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample was analyzed for descriptive statistics and trends. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with inpatient palliative care in patients with PBMs. Of the 510,238 observed hospitalizations of adults with PBM in a 10-year period, 37,365 (7.3%) had an associated inpatient palliative care consult. Rates of inpatient palliative care have increased significantly over the 10-year period, from 2.3 in 2007 to 11.9% in 2011. Patients receiving inpatient palliative care were less likely to receive inpatient oncologic treatment such as brain surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation compared to those without palliative care (14.6% with palliative care vs. 42.4% without, p < 0.001). They were more likely to receive life-sustaining treatments such as intubation, mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, nutritional support, hemodialysis, or CPR (21.0% with palliative care vs. 10.4% without, p < 0.001). Palliative care was associated with decreased cost of admission ($18,602 with palliative care vs. $20,077 without). In a multiple variable logistic regression, age, non-elective admission, comorbidities, history of chemotherapy and radiation, and mechanical ventilation were associated with significantly increased odds of receiving palliative care. Inpatient palliative care utilization for patients hospitalized with PBM significantly increased between 2007 and 2016, though the service is still underutilized in the context of the severe symptoms and poor prognosis associated with PBM.
Investigating the relationship between multi-scale perfusion and white matter microstructural integrity in patients with relapsing-remitting MS

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis is characterized by the formation of central nervous system demyelinating lesions with microvasculature inflammation.ObjectiveEvaluate how lesion cerebral perfusion rel...
Thuraissigiam and the Future of the Suspension Clause

On June 25, 2020, the Supreme Court issued its much-anticipated holding in Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam, rejecting Suspension Clause and due process challenges to restrictions on the ability of asylum-seekers to obtain review of expedited administrative removal proceedings. The potential ramifications of the decision are significant for a number of reasons, not the least of which is that it calls into question several aspects of the Supreme Court’s earlier decision in Boumediene v. Bush and more generally signals a more limited vision of the Suspension Clause than Boumediene embraced.
Unusual malformation of the uterus.

Abstract 1. 1. A case of malformation of the uterus with three uterine cavities and three Fallopian tubes is reported. 2. 2. Instances of malformations of the female generative system are frequent, but this one is considered unusual enough to warrant its report.
Dynamics of Martensitic Transformations Examined in a Computer

In the study of materials the principal methods of simulation are molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo and finite element. Molecular dynamics is usually confined to following the motion of individual atoms interacting by some inferred force law and behaving according to classical mechanics. The size of the array is typically less than 100,000 atoms and the longest runs are usually no more than a nanosecond, which of course limits application of this simulation method to very rapid kinetics events such as fracture or displacive transformations. In order to study any phenomena involving substantially longer times and/or larger samples (e.g. long range diffusion, precipitation, etc.) Monte Carlo or finite element methods need to be employed. These latter methods however lack a true time scale, and of course cannot accurately represent atomic scale phenomena, but there are ways now developing in which these various methods can be used in conjunction in order to get a reasonably complete picture over the full range of spatial and temporal scales desired.
Membrane topology of the melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The minimum structural information necessary to formulate and assess mechanistic models of integral membrane protein function is that of membrane topology. This paper characterizes the topological structure of the melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli based on constraints provided by genetic fusions to the compartment-specific reporter protein alkaline phosphatase. Twenty-eight unique chimeras exhibiting either low alkaline phosphatase activity (cytoplasmic location of the fusion joint) or high alkaline phosphatase activity (periplasmic location of the fusion joint) were characterized and used in conjunction with Goldman-Engelman-Steitz hydropathy analysis to model topological structure. The melibiose carrier is predicted to have a cytoplasmic amino terminus, two sets of six transmembrane domains separated by an unusually large cytoplasmic loop ("six-loop-six" arrangement), and a 45-residue cytoplasmic carboxyl tail. Remarkably, the identical six-loop-six arrangement is predicted from the hydrophobicity plots of the H(+)-coupled lactose, arabinose, xylose, and citrate cotransporters of E. coli, the glucose transporter from rat brain, the family of glucose transporters isolated from various human tissues and cell lines, and the human, mouse, and hamster multidrug resistance transporters (Henderson, P.J.F. (1990) Res. Microbiol. 141, 316-328; Maloney, P.C. (1990) Res. Microbiol. 141, 374-383). Such a broad degree of conservation (or convergence) suggests a distinct structural and/or mechanistic advantage associated with the six-loop-six motif. The nature of this advantage is as yet unknown.
Moving coframes. I. A practical algorithm

This is the first in a series of papers devoted to the development and applications of a new general theory of moving frames. In this paper, we formulate a practical and easy to implement explicit method to compute moving frames, invariant differential forms, differential invariants and invariant differential operators, and solve general equivalence problems for both finite-dimensional Lie group actions and infinite Lie pseudo-groups. A wide variety of applications, ranging from differential equations to differential geometry to computer vision are presented. The theoretical justifications for the moving coframe algorithm will appear in the next paper in this series.
A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2), a key molecule in the phosphoinositide signalling pathway, was thought to be synthesized exclusively by phosphorylation of PtdIns-4-P at the D-5 position of the inositol ring. The enzymes that produce PtdIns-4,5-P2 in vitro fall into two related subfamilies (type I and type II PtdInsP-5-OH kinases, or PIP(5)Ks) based on their enzymatic properties and sequence similarities'. Here we have reinvestigated the substrate specificities of these enzymes. As expected, the type I enzyme phosphorylates PtdIns-4-P at the D-5 position of the inositol ring. Surprisingly, the type II enzyme, which is abundant in some tissues, phosphorylates PtdIns-5-P at the D-4 position, and thus should be considered as a 4-OH kinase, or PIP(4)K. The earlier error in characterizing the activity of the type II enzyme is due to the presence of contaminating PtdIns-5-P in commercial preparations of PtdIns-4-P. Although PtdIns-5-P was previously thought not to exist in vivo, we find evidence for the presence of this lipid in mammalian fibroblasts, establishing a new pathway for PtdIns-4,5-P2 synthesis.
Physical and chemical properties of yeast phosphoglucose isomerase isoenzymes

Abstract Three isoenzymes of brewers' yeast phosphoglucose isomerase which can be resolved by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (Nakagawa, Y., and Noltmann, E. A. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 4782–4788) have been subjected to physical and chemical characterization. In contrast to the pseudoisoenzymes of rabbit muscle phosphoglucose isomerase (Blackburn, M. N., Chirgwin J., M. James, G. T., Kempe, T. D., Parsons, T. F., Register, A. M., Schnackerz, K. D., and Noltmann, E. A. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 1170–1179), these isoenzymes do not originate from various extents of sulfhydryl oxidation since the presence of dithiothreitol during both autolysis and chromatography of the crude extract did not affect the distribution of phosphoglucose isomerase activity. Equilibrium sedimentation and gel electrophoresis studies established the molecular weight of all three isoenzymes to be 120,000. Also, identical values of s20,ω (6.7 S) and v (0.735 ml g-1) were obtained for the three proteins. Amino acid analyses yielded small but significant differences in the over-all amino acid composition. As the only notable feature, the isoenzymes do not contain cystine and their cysteine content was found to be maximally 2 residues per molecule. Electrophoresis yielded isoelectric points of pH 5.4, 5.2, and 5.0 for Isoenzymes A, B, and C, respectively, corresponding to the order of their elution positions on anion exchange columns. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated, furthermore, that the isoenzymes differ in net charge, but not in molecular weight; hence, they may be classified as "charge isomers."
Aging and Gender

Aging involves important physiological, psychological, and social changes. Though some of these changes and their consequences are universal, others vary substantially across and within socio-demographic groups. In particular, meanings and experiences of aging are strongly influenced by gender. In this entry, the first section will address theoretical approaches to studying aging and gender, in particular feminist gerontology and the life course framework. The second section will discuss several important changes and challenges encountered during aging and how these are experienced differently by men and women. Important changes encountered during aging involve health and changes to the body, marriage and family, and retirement. The final section addresses important topics for future research. Keywords: age; feminism; gender; life course; sociology
Infrared spectra and protein conformations in aqueous solutions. II. Survey of globular proteins.

Infrared spectra in the region of the amide I' band have been determined for a number of proteins in D2O solution. Comparison of the observed band positions with structural analyses based on optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism data, as well as with crystallographically determined structures, indicates that this technique may be useful in conformational studies of proteins in solution.
Nursing Care of the Immunosuppressed Patient

The primary objectives of nurses caring for the immunosuppressed patient are to create a safe, peaceful environment and to promote the quality of the patient's life. Strengthening the patient's defense mechanisms is inherent in these nursing objectives, and the nurse must have certain competencies to reinforce these defense mechanisms. One competency is a thorough understanding of the immunosuppressed patient. The infection control practitioner (ICP) should assist the nurse in understanding what an immunosuppressed patient is, what his risk of infection is, what his reaction to infection might be, and what isolation practices are appropriate. Another necessary nursing skill is proficiency in patient assessment, not only when the patient is admitted, but on a continuous basis since the patient's status can change so rapidly. Finally the nurse must have the ability to implement appropriate nursing measures. The nurse must use the principles of asepsis in all patient care activities, recognize risk factors of infection, and understand the importance of such details as proper nutrition, oral hygiene, and skin care. Psychological support is also an essential part of the nursing care plan. Nursing care affects the well-being of the immunosuppressed patient and infection control practitioners have a role in ascertaining that nurses know how to treat such patients appropriately.
THE STRUCTURE OF RECONSTRUCTABLE RELATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

Abstract This paper provides a general framework within which to describe a major class of problems related to structure identification or determination. This framework is expressed in a manner which facilitates the development of working methods which operationalize the notion of structure for use in the investigation of systems.
Lasers without inversion: Interference of lifetime-broadened resonances

While it is commonly believed that population inversion is a requirement for obtaining laser amplification, this is not so. We show that if two upper levels of a four-level laser system are purely lifetime broadened and decay to an identical continuum, there will be interference in the absorption profile of lower level atoms, and this interference will be absent from the stimulated emission profile of the upper level atoms. It is, therefore, possible to have a substantial gain cross section at frequencies where the absorption cross section is zero and to obtain laser amplification in conditions where the lower level population greatly exceeds the upper level population.
CFD based simulation of hydrogen release through elliptical orifices

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to investigate the hydrogen jet exiting through different shapes of orifices. The effect of orifice geometry on the structure, development and dispersion of a highly under-expanded hydrogen jet close to the exit is numerically investigated. Various shapes of orifices are evaluated, including holes with constant areas such as elliptical and circular openings, as well as, enlarging circular orifices. A three-dimensional in-house parallel code is exploited to simulate the flow using an unstructured tetrahedral finite volume Euler solver. The numerical simulations indicate that, for a high pressure reservoir hydrogen release, the area of the orifice is the main geometric parameter influencing the centerline pressure at the hydrogen-air interface and the transient peak temperature, while the elliptical or expanding orifices slightly mitigate the auto-ignition risks associated with the accidental release of hydrogen. Therefore, circular openings represent the most conservative geometry for the study of auto-ignition of hydrogen.
Composite cylinders subjected to hygrothermal and mechanical loads

Abstract The stress analysis of Kollar and Springer (1992) Int. J. Solids Structures 29 . 1499–1517. is applied to fiber-reinforced organic matrix composite cylinders subjected to hygrolhermal and mechanical loads. The wall of the cylinder may be “thin” or “thick”. An individual fiber must remain at the same radial distance from the axis; no other restrictions are placed either on fiber orientations or on stacking sequence. The applied loads may vary radially and circumferentially, but not axially. Solutions are presented which yield radially and circumfcrentially varying strains and stresses inside composite cylinders.
Analysis of Histones in Xenopus laevis: II. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVEALS AN INDEX OF CELL TYPE-SPECIFIC MODIFICATIONS ON H3 AND H4*

Epigenetic information is hypothesized to be encoded in histone variants and post-translational modifications. Varied cell- and locus-specific combinations of these epigenetic marks are likely contributors to regulation of chromatin-templated transactions, including transcription, replication, recombination, and repair. Therefore, the relative abundance of histone modifications in a given cell type is a potential index of cell fate and specificity. Here, we utilize mass spectrometry techniques to characterize the relative abundance index of cell type-specific modifications on histones H3 and H4 in distinct cell types from the frog Xenopus laevis, including the sperm, the stored predeposition histones in the egg, the early embryo equivalent pronuclei, cultured somatic cells, and erythrocytes. We used collisionally associated dissociation to identify the modifications present on histone H3 in a variety of cell types, resolving 26 distinctly modified H3 peptides. We employed the electron transfer dissociation fragmentation technique in a “middle-down” approach on the H4 N-terminal tail to explore the overlap of post-translational modifications. We observed 66 discrete isoforms of the H4 1–23 fragment in four different cell types. Isolation of the stored, predeposition histone H4 from the frog egg also revealed a more varied pattern of modifications than the previously known diacetylation on Lys5 and Lys12. The developmental transitions of modifications on H3 and H4 were strikingly varied, implying a strong correlation of the histone code with cell type and fate. Our results are consistent with a histone code index for each cell type and uncover potential cross-talk between modifications on a single tail.
Solid state 19F n.m.r. of deformed PTFE

Abstract 19 F n.m.r. chemical shift dispersions are used to study the anisotropy of crystallite orientation in uniaxially deformed samples of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE).
Space‐Charge Contribution to Grain‐Boundary Diffusion

The contributions of the space-charge cloud to impurity and self-diffusion in the grain-boundary region of ionic materials are shown by calculations for doped KC1. The magnitude of these effects is modest (< 103Dl) and limited in dimension (10 to 200 A). Both enhancement and reduction in the charge cloud contribution to boundary diffusivities are predicted. In the charge cloud, appreciable diffusivity enhancement is indicated only for the ion on the sublattice opposite that of the principal impurity. The large boundary-diffusion enhancements and boundary widths often reported in “pure” and doped samples cannot be explained by the space-charge contribution.
Phase equilibria in the system N, N, dimethyl-tert.-butylamine-water by the total pressure method

Abstract Vapor-liquid equilibria for N, N, dimethyl- tert. -butylamine-water mixtures are presented at 20°, 30°, 39·95°C. Vapor pressures are also given at 10°, 35°, and 44·9°C. The equilibria are calculated by the total pressure method using a formulation especially suitable for computer solution.
Transplantation Of Organ Cultures Of Adult Human Skin

Under standard tissue culture growth conditions, both split-thickness and full-thickness skin explants remain viable for up to 6 weeks in organ culture. During this period the epidermis becomes thin, and the basement membrane thickens. The content of elastin in the dermis decreases. Epiboly is complete by the 2nd to the 4th week in culture. When transplanted to a full-thickness wound site the epidermal architecture returns to normal. Dermal elastin is, however, not resynthesized. No evidence for an abnormal growth of cells in either the dermis or the epidermis has been detected in follow-up studies of the grafted skin over a one and one-half year interval.
Influence of season of birth on growth and reproductive development of Brahman bulls

Seasonal effects on reproduction are more dramatic in Bos indicus than Bos taurus cattle. This experiment evaluated reproductive development of fall- (n=7) versus spring- (n = 10) born Brahman bulls to determine if season of birth affects reproductive development. Measurements of growth and reproductive development began after weaning and continued at bi-weekly intervals until each bull reached sexual maturity. Different stages of sexual development were classified according to characteristics of the ejaculate and included first sperm in the ejaculate, puberty (> 50 x 10(6) sperm/ejaculate), and sexual maturity (two ejaculates with > 500 = 10(6) sperm/ejaculate). Average daily increases in all measured traits were similar in fall- and spring-born bulls and there were no differences in age, body weight, scrotal circumference, or paired testis volume between groups at first sperm or puberty. However, fall-born bulls were older (P < 0.05) than spring-born bulls at sexual maturity (553 days versus 481 days, respectively) as the interval between puberty and sexual maturity was longer (P < 0.05) in fall- than in spring-born bulls (82 days versus 54 days, respectively). The prolonged interval between puberty and sexual maturity in fall-born calves coincided with a short photoperiod (winter) whereas the short interval between puberty and sexual maturity in spring-born calves coincided with a long photoperiod (summer). In conclusion, season of birth affected sexual development; photoperiod might be involved in regulating testicular function immediately after puberty in Brahman bulls.
A modified stereotactic frame as an instrument holder for frameless stereotaxis: Technical note.

BACKGROUND In order to improve the targeting capability and trajectory planning and provide a more secure probe-holding system, a simple method to use a stereotactic frame as an instrument holder for the frameless stereotactic system was devised. METHODS A modified stereotactic frame and BrainLab vector vision neuronavigation sys¬tem were used together. The patient was placed in the stereotactic head-holder to which a reference array of the neuronavigation system was attached. The pointer of the frameless system was placed in the probe-holder of the frame. An offset in distances was kept between the radius of the arch of the frame and the tip of the pointer so that the pointer was always outside the head during navigation. The offset correction was made on the BrainLab monitor so that the center of the arc of the frame was at the tip of the probe line on the monitor. Then, using the frame's coordinate adjuster system, the center of the arc was positioned on the target. This method was used to insert depth electrodes (seven procedures) and gain access to the temporal horn (three procedures). RESULTS Post-operative scans showed that the accuracy was within 2.5 mm in all three planes for depth electrode placement, and easy access to the temporal horn was obtained in two other patients. CONCLUSION This is a simple method to use a stereotactic frame to improve coordinate and trajectory adjustments and provides a better method to stabilize the pointer and the probe-holder during frameless stereotactic procedures.
Predicting Reading Achievement for Kindergarten Boys and Girls.

This study assessed the validity of the Kindergarten Teacher Rating Scale (KTRS) in predicting reading achievement for male and female students. The KTRS was a significant predictor of reading achievement for both boys and girls; differential predictive validity for boys and girls was not found. The KTRS explained about 30% of the variance in reading achievement both at the end of the 1st grade and the beginning of 2nd grade. The proportion of variance in reading achievement explained by variance in KTRS scores was significantly greater than the proportion of variance in reading achievement explained by variance in reading readiness scores. There were no significant differences in the mean KTRS scores for male and female students.
Equilibrium shape of a small particle in contact with a foreign substrate

Abstract A general solution has been developed for predicting the equilibrated shapes of small particles resting upon solid substrates. The solution describes the dependence of the particle shape upon the anisotropy of the surface tension of the particle and upon the binding between the particle and the substrate. These capillary forces can be determined from the shapes of small particles under certain specified conditions. The results of some studies of the behavior of silver films on BeO substrates are interpreted in terms of this shape theory.
Brain Death Alters Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics and Impairs Right Ventricular Power Reserve Against an Elevation of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Right ventricular (RV) failure, which is a leading cause of early morbidity and mortality following cardiac transplantation, is attributed to the inability of the donor RV to acutely compensate for the recipient's elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Furthermore, the effect of donor brain death (BD) on RV function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of donor BD on RV function in the setting of elevated PVR. The interactions of the RV and its afterload, the pulmonary vasculature, and left atrial pressure were assessed by measurements of pulmonary vascular energetics and their oscillatory nature using proximal ultrasonic pulmonary artery (PA) flow probe and micromanometers in the proximal and distal PA in 20 mongrel dogs (25.8 ± 0.4 kg, five control animals). A band was placed around the distal PA (PA-systolic gradient >15 mm Hg). BD was induced by rising intracranial pressure and was validated neuropathologically. Data were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after BD in both banded and control animals. Fourier analysis was used to calculate RV oscillatory power, mean power, and total power (TP). Comparison of changes due to banding were made to baseline measurements using multivariate analysis and paired Student's t test (p
Time of Desiccation Effects on Plant Composition and Subsequent Nitrogen Release from Several Winter Annual Cover Crops

(...)Averaged over 2 yr the late desiccation treatment resulted in increases in cover crop dry matter of 39, 41, and 61% for rye, crimson clover, and hairy vetch, respectively. Corresponding increases in total N content of the respective cover crops were 14, 23, and 41%. Significant differences in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents were found among cover crop residues between desiccation times (...)
Epitaxial film growth of zirconium diboride on Si(0 0 1)

Abstract The structure of epitaxial ZrB 2 films grown on Si(0 0 1) substrates via the thermal decomposition of the unimolecular precursor Zr(BH 4 ) 4 was studied by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). In spite of the large lattice mismatch between the Si(0 0 1) substrate and ZrB 2 , epitaxy occurs via a coincidence-misfit mechanism in which the strain between film and substrate is accommodated by edge dislocations along the film–substrate interface. While the growth axis of the ZrB 2 film lies along the [ 1 1 0 0 ] direction, i.e. [ 1 1 0 0 ] ZrB 2 / / [ 0 0 1 ] Si , the epitaxy produces two orthogonal domains as the result of a 6:5 misfit for [ 1 1 2 0 ] ZrB 2 / / [ 1 1 0 ] Si and a 13:12 misfit for [ 0 0 0 1 ] ZrB 2 / / [ 1 1 0 ] Si along the same direction on the interface plane. These domains take the form of two-dimensional rectangular islands orthogonal to each other. The island–substrate and island–island interfaces were examined in detail with high-resolution XTEM and compared with theoretical models.
Transverse uterine incision closure: One versus two layers

Abstract OBJECTIVE : Closure of a low transverse cesarean incision with one layer of suture results in less operating time, better hemostasis, and less infectious morbidity than a two-layer closure. STUDY DESIGN : At our institution 906 women were randomized to closure of a low transverse cesarean incision with either one continuous layer of a locking No. 1 chromic suture and a CTX needle ( n = 457) or two continuous layers of No. 1 chromic suture with the first layer locked ( n = 449). The Student t test, χ 2 test of proportion, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare groups of patients. RESULTS : A one-layer closure required less operative time, 43.8 versus 47.5 minutes ( p = 0.0003).Fewer additional uterine hemostatic sutures were required in 369 women in whom either the one- ( n = 179) or the two-layer ( n = 190) closure did not achieve hemostasis ( p = 0.046). Endometritis was similar in both groups, 83 (22%) in the one-layer group versus 65 (18%) in the two-layer group ( p = 0.17). In no outcome assessment was the two-layer closure superior to the one-layer closure. CONCLUSION : We recommend a one-layer closure when its use is anatomically feasible. (Am J OBstetGYnecol 1992;167:1108–11.)
Spontaneous maturation of starfish oocytes: Role of follicle cells and calcium ions

Abstract Starfish oocytes released from the ovary into sea water during the breeding season underwent spontaneous meiotic maturation. In the absence of calcium ions, follicle cells surrounding the oocyte were dispersed and oocyte maturation did not occur. Immature oocytes in the absence of follicle cells did not mature even when calcium was available. Calcium ions stimulated the release of a meiosis-inducing substance from follicle cells which had been isolated in calcium-free sea water. Increasing numbers of follicle cells produced a parallel increase in the amount of meiosis inducing substance released. Spontaneous oocyte maturation appeared to be initiated and mediated in part by calcium sensitive processes in the follicle cells rather than the oocyte.
A Check List of Poultry Bulletins (1931–1940)

Abstract THIS list is intended to contain all publications relating to poultry and eggs, in the regular bulletin series, as well as research or technical bulletins, issued by the agricultural experiment stations of the United States during the years 1931 to 1940, inclusive. It supplements, and brings up to date, a similar list published in 1932 1 which included all poultry bulletins issued by the stations from the time of their establishment to the end of 1930. The number of titles listed is 357. The total number issued by all the stations to the end of 1940 is 856. No station circulars, extension bulletins, extension circulars, or miscellaneous popular bulletins have been included. A labama , Auburn 236. Factors related to income and costs of production on farms in Marshall and DeKalb Counties, Alabama, 1927–1929. C. G. Garman. July, 1932, pp. 1–56. A rizona , Tucson 143. I. Poultry feeding experiments. H. Embleton. April . . .