cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probing Ganymede's Magnetosphere with Field Line Resonances

We report on the spectrum of field line resonances identified in data acquired by the Galileo spacecraft within Ganymede's magnetosphere on a relatively low latitude pass. We infer properties of the plasma distribution and its transport from the observed spectrum. The harmonic structure in the spectrum of the magnetometer data agrees very well with the frequencies predicted for resonances of a dipole field. The spectrum implies a density of 2 amu per cubic centimeter near the equator on closed field lines of Ganymede's magnetic field inside of 2 RG (Ganymede radii). This density is significantly reduced relative to the local density of the Jovian plasma sheet near Ganymede (less than or equal to 8 electrons per cubic centimeter, or approximately equal to 100 amu per cubic centimeter for an average ion mass per charge of 20 amu and average charge of 1.5 electron charges). A shadowing effect of Ganymede for the flow of particles injected at a reconnection layer on the side of the moon downstream relative to the direction of torus plasma flow accounts for the marked density depletion. Implications for conducting paths near Ganymede's surface are considered.
Quantum information splitting and open-destination teleportation using decomposable multipartite quantum channel. Part 2: experiment

Full detail of a proposed experiment required for implementing and verifying a theoretical scheme for four-partite splitting and open-destination teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit photonic state is discussed. In this proposed experiment the quantum channel is provided by a pair of decomposable generalized (G) Bell states, which offer the experimental advantage that they can be very easily generated in photonic experiments. Our experiment is based on generating a two-qubit photonic state by ultrafast spontaneous parametric downconversion in nonlinear crystal and relies on Bell-state measurements, which in this experiment are performed by an optical Bell-state analyzer that can unambiguously determine all four Bell states. In this proposed experiment unitary transformation required at the destination station is implemented using a quantum control NOT gate. We finally show that in our four-partite optical system the two-qubit photonic state originally prepared at a sending station can be experimentally split and subsequently regenerated at any one of the three distinct receiving stations.
Permanent implants using Au-198, Pd-103 and I-125 : radiobiological considerations based on the linear quadratic model

Based on the linear-quadratic model, we perform calculations to compare the possible radiobiologic results achieved with permanent implants using Au-198, Pd-103, and I-125. We examine the influence of the radiobiophysical parameters (i.e. alpha, beta, SLD repair kinetics, tumor doubling time (Tp), tumor growth delay, and prescribed dose) on the calculated radiobiologic indices or endpoints. The radiobiologic indices or endpoints include the effective treatment time (Teff) (beyond which the additional dose delivered is wasted), the biologically effective dose (BED), and cell surviving fractions. Within the range of reported values of the various parameters, Tp is the most significant in affecting Teff, BED, and the degree of cell inactivation. The effect of Tp and Teff and BED is larger for isotopes with longer half-lives, for which the rate of tumor regrowth is more important. For Tp of 5 to 30 days, the Teff are 14 to 21 days for Au-198, 58 to 102 days for Pd-103, and 120 to 275 days for I-125. For this range of Tp, the wasted doses are less than 5% for Au-198, 15 to 3% for Pd-103, and 30 to 5% for I-125. For reference prescription doses of 60, 120, and 160 Gy for implants using Au-198, Pd-103, and I-125, respectively, the BED and the associated cell-kill is the lowest for Au-198, whereas Pd-103 and I-125 implants are more effective for fast-growth (Tp less than 10 days) and slow-growth (Tp greater than 10 days) tumors, respectively.
Modeling of a Roller Rig for Evaluation of Wheel/Rail Contact Mechanics

This paper provides a detailed dynamic model of the electromechanical system for a scaled roller rig that is under construction at the Railway Technology Laboratory of Virginia Tech (RTL) for accurate study of the mechanics and dynamics at wheel-rail interface in railway vehicles. Roller rigs are critical laboratory test equipment for studying rail vehicle dynamics, either as a full railcar or single component. The controlled laboratory environment will provide a successful path for obtaining data on the mechanics and dynamics of the system, including creepage and creep forces at the wheel-rail interface under various conditions. The single-wheel scaled rig under development at RTL includes a wheel that is placed on a roller with similar profile as a U.S. 136 weight rail. The test setup allows for adjusting the wheel load, the wheel angle of attack, the rail cant, and the lateral position of the wheel with respect to the rail (including flanging). The roller and the wheel are each powered independently by two AC motors that enable controlling their relative speed to a high degree of precision, i.e., 0.1 RPM, in order for precisely controlling and simulating various creep conditions that occur in practice. An essential step for the successful design and development of the test rig is modeling the motors and the roller/wheel drivelines. The model includes the electromagnetic dynamics of the AC motors, the compliances and damping of the drivelines, the inertial properties of the motors, shafts, couplers, and the rotating wheels, in a multi-domain (electrical, magnetic, and mechanical) lumped-parameter model. The model is used to determine the damped natural frequencies of the coupled system. The results of the study indicate that the compliances of the driveline mechanics is the most critical element in maintaining a prescribed speed at the driven wheel, and also controlling the relative creep between the wheel and the simulated (round) rail.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Air medical transfers: are you COBRA compliant?

Reprint no. 7411184803 Transferring critically ill and injured patients by air medical services has become more complex as political, ethical, financial, and legal issues evolve. The issues of access to care, coverage for the uninsured, transport of terminally ill and “no code” patients, and the medical necessity of air versus ground transport are found throughout the literature. Little information, however, can be located about the application of recent federal legislation by air medical programs and the impact these regulations have on patient services. As far back as 1946, federal legislation in the form of the Hill Burton Act was passed in response to financially motivated “patient dumping.“1 This act required federally funded health care facilities to provide free services in an effort to meet the health care needs of indigent patients. Despite this act, patient dump ing persisted and became a very large and demanding issue by the 1980s. In the mid-Eighties, Congress enacted the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)-also called COBRA because it was originally passed as part of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985-to protect patients from financially motivated interfacility dumping or trans fer without first receiving an appropriate screening and stabilization. Although this law took effect in 1986, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) did not issue the proposed regulations until 1988. An amendment to COBRA/EMTALA
Effects of EMD 15,700 and disulfiram on ethanol intake in rats under schedule-induced polydipsia

Rats received 196 food pellets per day under a fixed-time 90-sec schedule with both 5% (w/v) ethanol and water freely available. More than 80% of the total daily fluid consumption was the 5% ethanol solution. Disulfiram, and a new aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, EMD 15,700, both markedly decreased 5% ethanol intake and slightly increased water intake. These effects lasted for several days. The schedule-induced polydipsia model of ethanol consumption in rats appears to be sensitive to the effects of drugs that inhibit ethanol intake in man.
The influence of calcium ions, acetate and l-glycerate groups on the gellan double-helix

Abstract A computer-assisted linked-atom least-squares program has been used to visualize the crystal structure of calcium gellan and to examine the ability of acetate and l -glycerate groups in native gellan to sustain the doublehelix and to maintain the potassium gellan crystal packing. The results explain the strong and brittle gelation behavior at low ionic strength of calcium gellan and suggest that the weak and rubbery gelation behavior of native gellan is perhaps due to the l -glycerate groups.
Social Mobility and Intergroup Antagonism A Simulation

This paper reevaluates certain aspects of Dahrendorf's conflict theory in relation to social mobility. Specifically, the relationship between the degree of openness or closedness of the mobility opportunity structure of society and the degree of intergroup antagonism is examined. A game simulation is initiated whereby the researcher is able to create simulated situations of varying mobility opportunity and observe, by means of pre- and posttest questionnaires, the relative antagonism between groups within the situation and the participants' latent antagonism outside the simulated situation. The findings provide support for Dahrendorf's hypothesis, but also indicate that further dynamics are involved in the structure of mobility systems.
Influence of strain, surface diffusion and Ostwald ripening on the evolution of nanostructures for erbium on Si(001)

This study explores the evolution of nanoscale islands and wire structures during deposition and surface ripening. Ultraviolet photoelectron emission microscopy has been employed to study the real time growth process of individual erbium silicide nanostructures on Si(001) surfaces at temperatures up to 1050 °C. During the initial island formation process compact islands form and some undergo a shape transition to elongated islands oriented along the 〈110〉 directions of the Si substrate. The initial island formation is driven by the surface and interface energies of the silicide/Si structure. The widths of the growing islands remain essentially constant while the lengths increase. The observed elongated islands are ∼150 nm wide, which is larger than the width of prior reported erbium silicide nanowire structures. We propose that the ∼150 nm elongated islands are partially relaxed, possibly through the formation of misfit dislocations. The results indicate a temperature regime where island growth is mainly ...
Comparison of fish and macroinvertebrate use of Typha angustifolia, Phragmites australis, and treated Phragmites marshes along the lower Connecticut River

Since 1965 large areas of lower Connecticut River tidelands have been converted from high diversity brackish meadow andTypha angustifolia marsh to near monocultures ofPhragmites australis. This study addresses the impact ofPhragmites invasion on fish and crustacean use of oligohaline high marsh. During spring tides from early June through early September 2000, fishes and crustaceans leaving flooded marsh along 3 km of the Lieutenant River, a lower Connecticut River tributary, were captured with Breder traps at 90 sites, equally distributed amongPhragmites, Typha, and treated (herbicide and mowing)Phragmites areas. Pit traps, 18 per vegetation type in 2000 and 30 each inPhragmites andTypha in 2001, caught larvae and juveniles at distances of up to 30 m into the marsh interior. There were no significant differences in fish species compositions or abundances among the vegetation types. Size distributions, size specific biomasses, and diets ofFundulus heteroclitus, the numerically dominant fish, were also similar. The shrimpPalaemonetes pugio was more abundant inPhragmites than in other types of vegetation, whereas the fiddler crabUca minax was least numerous inPhragmites. Mean numbers ofF. heteroclitus andP. pugio caught per site event were positively correlated with increasing site hydroperiod. Significantly moreF. heteroclitus were captured along the upper reach of the river where marsh elevations were lower than farther downstream. MoreF. heteroclitus and fewerP. pugio andU. minax were captured during the day than at night. A relatively small number of larval and juvenileFundulus sp. were captured in pit traps, but consistently fewer inPhragmites than inTypha, suggesting thatTypha and brackish meadow marshes may provide better nursery habitat. Vegetation was sampled along a 30 m transect at each trap site in 2000. Plant species diversity was greatest in treatedPhragmites areas and lowest inPhragmites sites.
Functional Relationship between the Hypothalamic Vigilance Area and PAG Vigilance Area

Abstract Duan, Y.-F., R. W. Winters, P. M. M c Cabe, E. J. Green, Y. Huang and N. Schneiderman. Functional relationship between the hypothalamic vigilance area and PAG vigilance area. Physiol Behav 62(3) 675–679, 1997.—The vigilance reaction is characterized by a large bradycardia, a pressor response, and inspiratory apnea in anesthetized rabbits and the inhibition of movement in conscious rabbits. This affective response pattern can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral hypothalamus (the hypothalamic vigilance area) or the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (the periaqueductal gray vigilance area). The present study sought to advance our understanding of the functional relationship between the hypothalamic vigilance area (HVA) and the periaqueductal gray vigilance area (PVA) by measuring the effects of transverse transections of the caudal portion of the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG) upon the cardiovascular responses elicited from the dorsolateral hypothalamus and the rostral vlPAG. Selective transverse transections of the caudal vlPAG significantly reduced the magnitudes of the bradycardia and pressor response elicited by stimulation of the PVA rostral to the transection site, but had minimal impact on the cardiovascular responses evoked by stimulation of the HVA. These findings suggest that the cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the vlPAG are mediated by a neural pathway that is parallel, at least in part, to the one that subserves the response elicited from the HVA. The results also provide support for the view that the PAG is not an essential structure in the mediation of the autonomic components of affective behaviors involving behavioral inhibition.
Amastatin potentiates drinking elicited by osmotic stimuli: evidence for peptidergic mediation of intracellular dehydration-induced thirst

Aminopeptidase inhibitors have been demonstrated to enhance the behavioral effects of both exogenously applied and endogenously released neuropeptides. In this study peptidase inhibitors were used as probes for involvement of central neuropeptides in osmotically-induced drinking behavior. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of amastatin, an aminopeptidase A inhibitor, potentiated water intake induced by subcutaneous injections of hypertonic saline. Drinking responses to i.c.v. infusions of hypertonic saline were also enhanced when amastatin was added to the infusions. The effect was not attenuated by the angiotensin receptor antagonist, [Sar1, Thr8]angiotensin II, which suggests that angiotensins do not play a role in the over-drinking. Drinking responses to centrally infused hypertonic saline were not enhanced by i.c.v. thiorphan, an endopeptidase inhibitor; this provides evidence that the effects of amastatin are specific for a particular class of peptidases. These results suggest that there is a role for an endogenous, non-angiotensinergic brain peptide in the mediation of osmotic thirst.
Social networks and the communication of norms about prenatal care in rural Mexico.

Many normative beliefs are shared and learned through interpersonal communication, yet research on norms typically focuses on their effects rather than the communication that shapes them. This study focused on interpersonal communication during pregnancy to uncover (a) the nature of pregnancy-related communication and (b) normative information transmitted through such communication. Results from interviews with pregnant women living in rural Mexico revealed limited social networks; often, only a woman's mother or the baby's father were consulted about prenatal care decisions. However, women also indicated that communication with others during pregnancy provided important normative information regarding prenatal care. First, most referents believed that women should receive prenatal care (injunctive norm), which was conceptualized by participants as biomedical, nonmedical, or a blend of both. Second, family members often received prenatal care, whereas friends did not (descriptive norms). These findings hi...
Preliminary Studies on Oxidative Decomposition of Dipyrone Solutions

The oxidative decomposition of dipyrone was studied in a preliminary way by utilizing hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. During these studies, it was determined that hydrolysis of dipyrone will also occur and form at least two decomposition products: bis[N-methyl(antipyrinyl)amino]methane and N-methyl-aminoantipyrine. The structures of these two products were confirmed by studies of their TLC, melting points, and spectral characteristics compared to synthesized knowns. Stability studies conducted at pH values ranging from 4.8 to 8.8 showed that the initial rate of loss of dipyrone was very rapid regardless of the initial pH of the solution. Within the range of values examined, the dipyrone solutions showed the least decomposition at pH values above 7.8. These preliminary studies suggest that dipyrone should show optimum stability if stored completely anhydrous and excluded from the atmosphere. In liquid dosage forms, improved stability should be obtained by flushing the head-space with an inert atmosphere and by incorporating a suitable antioxidant.
A home program of long-term total parenteral nutrition in children.

Three children—ages 4 months, 5 months, and 14 years—have been on a program of total parenteral nutrition at home for ten, 23 and 44 months respectively, as of January, 1978. Using a specially designed silicone rubber catheter, placed in the right atrium, total nutritional needs of these children were delivered nightly by family members; the children carried out normal activity during the day with the catheter line maintained by a heparin lock. Normal skeletal development and weight gain have been achieved while allowing these children normal social and psychologic development outside the hospital. During the course of the therapy the patients had multiple metabolic abnormalities which were successfully treated by replacement therapy. The duration of catheter patency ranged from three to 22 months. Catheter sepsis or mechanical failure occasionally required catheter removal and replacement.
Borrelia burgdorferi genes selectively expressed in ticks and mammals

Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Recent studies have focused on how the Lyme disease bacterium overcomes the challenges faced by an organism that depends on a vector-borne life style. These studies indicate that the spirochete expresses different surface proteins at different stages of its life. Here, Aravinda de Silva and Erol Fikrig review the evidence for differential gene expression and discuss the implications of these findings for the Lyme disease vaccine that is currently being tested in human trials.
Electron microscopic evidence for the presence of Barley stripe mosaic virus in cells of Barley embryos.

Abstract Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) was demonstrated in thin sections of fully developed barley embryos (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the electron microscope. Embryos dissected from seed produced on either greenhouse-grown Atlas barley artificially infected with the type strain of BSMV or field-grown Compana, Unitan, or Hypana barley infected naturally with a field strain of BSMV were cut into half portions. One portion was assayed for BSMV antigen by immunodiffusion in agar gel while the other was held in distilled water at 4° for 12–24 hours prior to its fixation by either the aldehyde-osmium or the potassium permanganate method. Embryos similarly prepared from noninfected Atlas barley grown in the greenhouse served as controls. When sections of parenchyma cells from half-embryos which corresponded to half-embryos shown to contain BSMV antigen were viewed, aggregates of tubular-shaped structures identified as BSMV particles or virions were detected in the ground cytoplasm. No membrane surrounded the aggregates. BSMV was not seen in nuclei. The type strain of BSMV in Atlas barley embryos was indistinguishable from a field strain of BSMV in all other barley embryos studied. No virus particles were visible in cells of embryos in which BSMV antigen could not be demonstrated. Eight of 16 half Hypana barley embryos, corresponding to halves previously shown to contain BSMV antigen, caused barley stripe mosaic symptoms when inoculated to Hypana barley seedlings. The aldehyde-osmium and the potassium permanganate methods of fixation to demonstrate BSMV in embryo cells are evaluated for their possible usefulness in the study of embryo infection and seed transmission in barley.
Using Smartco Direct Dial Acc

In 1985, DePaul University established an “electronic” library at the O'Hare Campus (formerly Northwest Center) in Des Plaines, IL, with a dial‐access OCLC M300 Workstation equipped with a Hayes Smart‐modem 1200 and Smartcom II software as well as OCLC Terminal Software, version 3.0. At O'Hare, we use the OCLC Online System primarily for searching and then only when patrons' needs cannot be met through LCS (Illinois' statewide Library Computer System). Therefore, the terminal is not in heavy use. However, because it is a public access terminal, it is important that logon procedures be simple.
Replacement of Charcoal Sorbent in the Sampling of Volatile Organics from Stationary Sources

Abstract U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 0030 for sampling volatile organics from stationary sources (VOST) specifies the use of petroleum-based charcoal in the second sorbent tube. Charcoal has proven to be a marginal performer as a sampling sorbent, partly due to inconsistency in analyte recovery. In addition, commercial availability of petroleum charcoal for VOST tubes has been variable. Lack of data on comparability and variability of charcoals for VOST application has created uncertainty when other charcoals are substituted. Five potential sorbent replacements for charcoal in Method 0030 were evaluated along with a reference charcoal. Two of the sorbents tested. Ambersorb XE-340 and Tenax GR, did not perform well enough to qualify as replacements. Three candidates, Anasorb 747, Carbosieve S-III and Kureha Beaded Activated Charcoal, performed adequately, and produced statistically equivalent results. Because Anasorb 747 exhibited an excellent combination of performance, availability, and c...
A Sequential Entry Problem with Forced Exits

We consider a continuous time optimal stopping problem with multiple entries and forced exits. The value for such an optimization problem with a general payoff function is solved in closed form under the assumption that the state process is a geometric Brownian motion and the forced exits come in according to a Poisson process. The effect due to the forced exits is analyzed. It is shown that the presence of the forced exits is a true risk (meaning that it will reduce the value and enlarge the "continuation" region) if and only if the entry cost is large enough compared to the running cost.
Daniel Sennert On Matter and Form: At the Juncture of the Old and the New1

Daniel Sennert (1572-1637), a prominent physician and a prolific and influential writer, was both an atomist and an Aristotelian. He was influenced by a distinctive and now little known Aristotelian approach to matter and form, and this promoted his development over time of a hierarchical account of atoms, with elementary atoms and grades of molecules. The first section provides a study of Sennert's Aristotelian foundation. The final two sections consider, in turn, Sennert's development over time of an atomistic theory, and the nature and significance for him of substantial forms.
Off-axis variable focus and aberration control mirrors

Elliptical-boundary deformable mirrors have been developed for focus control of an optical beam incident at forty-five degrees with respect to the surface normal. The mirrors are silicon nitride membranes 1.4×1 mm in size, designed to accommodate a 1 mm diameter beam. Two electrostatic actuation zones provide control over spherical aberration. Focal lengths ranging from infinity to 36 mm have been achieved, and the mirror surface figure has been characterized to quantify aberration. Residual aberrations have been observed to be less than λ/5 (peak to peak) measured at λ = 660 nm.
Changes in performance on WAIS, trail making test and finger tapping test associated with carotid artery surgery.

47 patients with vascular disease were divided into small vessel disease group (SVD), large vessel disease operated group (LVD-O) and large vessel disease nonoperated group (LVD-N). They were tested during their first hospitalization and at a follow-up some months later. There were no significant changes for any group on the Trail Making Test and on the Finger Tapping Test. On the WAIS the SVD made significant gains on the Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ); the LVD-O made significant gains on PIQ and FSIQ; and the LVD-N made no significant gains on any of the three scores. Dividing the LVD-O by lesion laterality, the leftside lesioned group made significant gains on PIQ and FSIQ, while the right-side lesioned group made significant gains on all three measures.
Epistemic Closure Principles

L'A. demontre que certains principes de cloture de la connaissance sont faux ou triviaux du point de vue epistemologique et du point de vue de la logique doxastique. Ils ne peuvent servir a determiner ce que quelqu'un croit ou sait en fonction d'autres choses qu'il croit ou connait, ni servir a l'analyse de la connaissance definie comme croyance vraie justifiee
Global Detection and Location of Seismic Sources by Using Surface Waves

We develop an algorithm for the detection and location of seismic sources using intermediate-period (35–150 sec) surface waves recorded on a global array of stations. Continuous vertical seismic waveforms from the global network are collected and a 4° × 4° global grid of target locations is defined. For each target location and each station, a surface-wave propagation operator is deconvolved from the seismogram to restore any source pulse present. The envelope of the seismogram is calculated and cross correlated with a theoretical source-pulse shape. The resulting waveforms are stacked to improve signal-to-noise characteristics, and the quality, strength, and timing of the potential detection are determined. When a successful event detection is made, a finer grid is applied to locate the event with greater precision. We apply the algorithm systematically for the period 1993–2003 and catalog the events. Approximately 2000 events are detected and located for each year and 98% of shallow events in the Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor (cmt) catalog are detected and located by the new algorithm. A comparison of 9482 events common to the two catalogs allows the detection strength to be calibrated against the cmt moment magnitude. All detected events have estimated moment magnitudes M w >4.5. In each year, approximately 100 events not listed in other global seismicity catalogs are detected and located. Many of these events lie along the ridge-transform plate boundaries in the Southern Hemisphere and may be regular earthquakes that have gone undetected because of poor station coverage. Other events, located in areas where global and regional networks provide good coverage, are potentially anomalous and may have escaped detection as a result of their unusual source properties.
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration and Electroconvulsive Therapy

AbstractRespiratory complications of modified electroconvulsive therapy are rarely reported in the literature. A patient referred to ECT was not known to have Cheyne-Stokes respiration and did not demonstrate any respiratory difficulties after methohexital induction for ECT. However, following the ECT-stimulated seizure, the patient had a long episode of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Change of anesthetic agent to etomidate minimized the duration of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. The patient tolerated the treatments without complications.
On VHV-routing in channels with irregular boundaries

A description is given of the VHV-channel-routing problem in irregular channels. The authors describe a branch-and-bound algorithm for finding optimal solutions for this problem. The algorithm partitions the channels into boxes and searches for the optimal among the various mappings of the horizontal net segments to the boxes. The authors discuss three different branching strategies for the algorithm. Heuristic algorithms based on the branching strategies are also discussed. It is also shown that VHV routing is NP-hard for irregular channels. >
Tokamak-generated tungsten radiation identified in Ag i isoelectronic sequence (W xxviii )

A new interpretation of the tungsten spectrum observed in 1.5-keV tokamak plasmas at Oak Ridge (the ORMAK) and Princeton (the PLT) is given. An isoelectronic extrapolation of the Agi sequence from newly observed data through Hoxxi strongly suggests that the tokamak radiation belongs to the transition array $4{d}^{10}4f\ensuremath{-}4{d}^{9}4{f}^{2}$ of Wxxviii. This is well supported by comparison with a calculation of the spectrum. An earlier interpretation incorrectly attributed the radiation to a superposition of complex transition arrays from much higher ionization stages.
Tensile and fracture properties of an Fe14Mn8Ni1Mo-0.7C fully austenitic weld metal at 4 K

Abstract A fully austenitic steel butt weld 21 mm thick was produced by submerged arc welding using an experimental filler metal composition: Fe14Mn8Ni1Mo0.7C. The tensile and fracture properties of this weld were measured in liquid helium to evaluate its candidacy for applications at 4 K. The yield strength (1115 MPa) and toughness ( K lc ≈ 192 MPa m 1 2 ) combination of this material compares favourably with existing base metal properties for AISI 304 type alloys. A conventional ductile fracture consisting of void formation and coalescence was shown by both tensile and fracture toughness specimens.
Pepsinized cashew proteins are hypoallergenic and immunogenic and provide effective immunotherapy in mice with cashew allergy

Background IgE-mediated allergic reactions to cashews and other nuts can trigger life-threatening anaphylaxis. Proactive therapies to decrease reaction severity do not exist. Objectives We aimed to determine the efficacy of pepsin-digested cashew proteins used as immunotherapy in a murine model of cashew allergy. Methods Mice were sensitized to cashew and then underwent challenges with digested or native cashew allergens to assess the allergenicity of the protein preparations. Using native or pepsinized cashew proteins, mice underwent oral or intraperitoneal sensitization protocols to determine the immunogenic properties of the protein preparations. Finally, cashew-sensitized mice underwent an immunotherapy protocol with native or pepsinized cashew proteins and subsequent provocation challenges. Results Pepsinized cashew proteins elicited weaker allergic reactions than native cashew proteins but importantly retained the ability to stimulate cellular proliferation and cytokine production. Mice sensitized with pepsinized proteins reacted on challenge with native allergens, demonstrating that pepsinized allergens retain immunogenicity in vivo . Immunotherapy with pepsinized cashew allergens significantly decreased allergic symptoms and body temperature decrease relative to placebo after challenge with native and pepsinized proteins. Immunologic changes were comparable after immunotherapy with native or pepsinized allergens: T H 2-type cytokine secretion from splenocytes was decreased, whereas specific IgG 1 and IgG 2a levels were increased. Conclusions Pepsinized cashew proteins are effective in treating cashew allergy in mice and appear to work through the same mechanisms as native protein immunotherapy.
Macromolecular structure and organization of alpha keratin.

The small-angle equatorial X-ray scattering of alpha keratin (African porcupine quill) was studied using a direct type of analysis, which allows the separation of the intermicro-fibrillar interference effects from those of the intramicrofibrillar scattering without the use of prior assumptions. X-ray data were obtained from 470–21 A; their analysis by the above method resulted in a z-axis projection of the microfibrillar electron density, which extends over a diameter of 80 A and has a core region surrounded by a peak located at a radius of 28 A. The macromolecular organization of the 80-A-diameter microfibrils was found to be an arc-like layer type of aggregation and not a pseudohexagonal packing. When the specimen was subjected to silver staining the aggregation of the microfibrils did not change except for a slight contraction. The z-axis projection of the stained microfibril, however, was significantly different. The silver appears to build up slightly around the outer periphery of the microfibril, stains the peripheral region very little, deposits on the inside of the peripheral region, and outlines the core area.
FIRST: A Practical Approach to the Causes and Management of Febrile Seizures:

During almost 4 decades of clinical practice of pediatrics and pediatric neurology, the senior authors have rarely made a formal presentation on the topic of "febrile seizures." In any large pediatric teaching hospital, questions regarding the diagnosis and management of febrile seizures are raised by medical students, pediatric residents, and adult and pediatric neurology residents. The acronym FIRST was developed as a teaching tool to present a simple and pragmatic clinical approach to children presenting with a single seizure or cluster of seizures in 1 day associated with a febrile illness before, during, or after the seizure event(s). FIRST refers to Febrile, Illness, Related, Seizure(s) and Template, with the latter representing an outline of the basic cause(s). The authors propose the use of the Table as a tool to help determine the underlying etiology of febrile seizures because this is the major factor affecting the choice of treatment.
Kinetics of the reaction of C6H5 with HBr

The rate constant for the reaction of phenyl radical with hydrogen bromide has been measured with the cavity-ring-down method at six temperatures between 297 and 523 K. The Arrhenius expression for the H abstraction reaction can be effectively given by: . The values of these parameters are similar to those for the H + HBr reaction, but are in sharp contrast to those for alkyl radical reactions. The gross difference between the alkyl radical reactions and the phenyl and H-atom reactions could be rationalized in terms of the inductive effects of these radicals as measured by Taft's σ* (polar) constants. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human Papillomavirus Detection in Cervical Carcinoma Tissues and Paraaortic Lymph Nodes by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Tissues of 45 cervical cancers and paraaortic lymph nodes from the same patients were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction with L1 consensus primers and hybridization with type-specific oligomer probes of HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -31, -33, -35, and -45 for the detection and classification of subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinicohistologic findings of surgical specimens from radical hysterectomy were compared with the results of HPV detection to use as a possible prognostic marker for the early detection of paraaortic nodes involvement. Metastasis to paraaortic nodes in cervical cancer, suggesting extrapelvic involvement of tumor, is clinically important to predict prognosis. The HPV-16 DNA was most prevalent in cervical cancers (76%; 34/45). Five tumors were positive for HPV-18, two tumors each were positive for HPV-31 or -33, one tumor was hybridized to HPV-45, and one woman had an unidentified type of HPV. No HPV was detected in three cases of cervical cancer. The histologic types of the cervical cancers were correlated with the HPV types. Of the 39 tissue specimens of squamous carcinomas analyzed, only 2 (5%) showed HPV-18, in contrast to 30 (77%) of 39 squamous carcinomas having HPV-16. Of the 5 cases of adenocarcinomas, 3 (50%) showed HPV-18, and 3 (50%) showed HPV-16. HPV DNAs were detected in histologically negative paraaortic lymph nodes (31%; 14/45): the HPV-positive PCR products from paraaortic nodes were only hybridized to HPV-16. The nature of the relationship between the presence of HPV DNA and node tumor involvement is still not known. HPV-16 DNA in paraaortic nodes may suggest subclinical early metastasis or tumor cells destroyed by immune cells and may provide important information in decisions regarding postoperative adjuvant treatment. The prognostic significance of HPV DNA in histologically negative paraaortic lymph nodes remains to be established after several years of follow-up.
Athlete's foot caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa

An enzymatically active pigment-producing clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to produce a diffusible antifungal product that was shown to be inhibitory to the growth of several dermatophytes, specifically, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, and Microsporum audouini. In this study, Trichophyton rubrum was used as the test organism. The antifungal product was partially purified by Sephadex column chromatography and was found to be stable at 5 degrees, 25 degrees, and 37 degrees C. Several investigators have alluded to the fact that as asymptomatic cases of dermatophytosis simplex progress to symptomatic dermatophytosis complex, the bacterial profile changes from a gram-positive bacterial ecosystem to a gram-negative bacterial over-growth. The primary event in the pathogenesis of interdigital athlete's foot is the invasion of the horny layer by dermatophytes. This presents as a mild to moderate scaly lesion and is asymptomatic. As a result of predisposing factors, such as hyperhidrosis, occlusion by tight shoes, minute abrasions due to friction, and fungal-infected skin surfaces, dynamic overgrowth of opportunistic gram-negative bacilli prevails. As the gram-negative population increases, the recovery of dermatophytes dramatically diminishes, until a point is reached when no dermatophytes can be recovered from clinically symptomatic tinea pedis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is inhibiting its fungal competitor Trichophyton rubrum by producing a diffusible antifungal agent into the infectious environment of the intertriginous foot lesion. Clinically, the patient is diagnosed as having tinea pedis; laboratory culture for fungus and KOH are negative, and what was a paradox just a few years ago can currently be identified and treated appropriately as gram-negative athlete's foot.
Accuracy and reproducibility of bending stiffness measurements by mechanical response tissue analysis in artificial human ulnas.

Abstract Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone strength, but no FDA-approved medical device measures bone strength. Bone strength is strongly associated with bone stiffness, but no FDA-approved medical device measures bone stiffness either. Mechanical Response Tissue Analysis (MRTA) is a non-significant risk, non-invasive, radiation-free, vibration analysis technique for making immediate, direct functional measurements of the bending stiffness of long bones in humans in vivo. MRTA has been used for research purposes for more than 20 years, but little has been published about its accuracy. To begin to investigate its accuracy, we compared MRTA measurements of bending stiffness in 39 artificial human ulna bones to measurements made by Quasistatic Mechanical Testing (QMT). In the process, we also quantified the reproducibility (i.e., precision and repeatability) of both methods. MRTA precision (1.0±1.0%) and repeatability (3.1±3.1%) were not as high as those of QMT (0.2±0.2% and 1.3+1.7%, respectively; both p
Life review: treating the dyadic family unit with dementia

The application of reminiscence with people with dementia is reviewed, and promising findings identified. This paper distinguishes life review from other, less specific, forms of reminiscence. It is carried out over several months, on a one-to-one basis and covers the person's entire life in a structured way, encouraging evaluation of memories and events. A life story is a tangible outcome of the life review process, and is created by the person with dementia, containing pictures and words and other memorabilia selected by the person him/herself. This paper describes early qualitative and quantitative results from a project evaluating life review work carried out jointly with the person with dementia and his caregiver, compared with life review carried out with the caregiver alone, and an untreated control group. 22 dyads have entered the study. The mood of the person with dementia (as rated by the caregiver) was significantly improved for those people with dementia participating actively in the life review, although their cognitive function decreased slightly. Caregivers participating in the life review, alone or with the person with dementia, reported significantly reduced burden and behaviour problems in the person with dementia. Two case studies illustrate how life review, with its emphasis on active listening, may enable the person to ‘move on’ from being apparently preoccupied with particular memories or concerns. Further evaluative work is required to confirm the usefulness of this promising therapeutic approach with people with dementia. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporary restriction of right ventricle–pulmonary artery conduit flow using haemostatic clips following Norwood I reconstruction: potential for improved outcomes

Improved outcomes of the Norwood procedure in hypoplastic left heart syndrome have been achieved by the manipulation of the pulmonary:systemic flow ratio (Qp:Qs) in the early post-operative period, with focus on improving systemic perfusion. As an extension of this Qp:Qs-limiting strategy, we evolved a novel surgical technique to achieve transient flow restriction in the right ventricle–pulmonary artery (RV–PA) conduit for the first 48 h, using haemostatic clips, in a cohort of patients and compared the early outcomes with a nonclipped cohort. Clips were subsequently removed at 48 h at the time of definitive chest closure. We performed RV–PA shunt flow clipping in 37 patients; 75 historical controls had not received clips. Groups were matched for weight, size of ascending aorta, anatomy and circulatory arrest times. Thirty-day mortality was lower in the clipped cohort (2 of 37; 5.4%) versus the unclipped cohort (10 of 75; 13.3%). The minimum blood lactate levels within the first 24 h post-surgery in the unclipped group were significantly higher (P= 0.049), with a significantly lower Qp:Qs in the first 6 h in the clipped patients. These data suggest that limiting Qp:Qs in the early post-operative period following the Norwood procedure may help in the post-operative management of these difficult patients. These results warrant further study.
The poly(A) polymerase GLD2 is required for spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

The DNA of a developing sperm is normally inaccessible for transcription for part of spermatogenesis in many animals. In Drosophila melanogaster, many transcripts needed for late spermatid differentiation are synthesized in pre-meiotic spermatocytes, but are not translated until later stages. Thus, post-transcriptional control mechanisms are required to decouple transcription and translation during spermatogenesis. In the female germline, developing germ cells accomplish similar decoupling through poly(A) tail alterations to ensure that dormant transcripts are not prematurely translated: a transcript with a short poly(A) tail will remain untranslated, whereas elongating the poly(A) tail permits protein production. In Drosophila, the ovary-expressed cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase WISPY is responsible for stage-specific poly(A) tail extension in the female germline. Here, we examine the possibility that a recently derived testis-expressed WISPY paralog, GLD2, plays a similar role in the Drosophila male germline. We show that knockdown of Gld2 transcripts causes male sterility, as GLD2-deficient males do not produce mature sperm. Spermatogenesis up to and including meiosis appears normal in the absence of GLD2, but post-meiotic spermatid development rapidly becomes abnormal. Nuclear bundling and F-actin assembly are defective in GLD2 knockdown testes and nuclei fail to undergo chromatin reorganization in elongated spermatids. GLD2 also affects the incorporation of protamines and the stability of dynamin and transition protein transcripts. Our results indicate that GLD2 is an important regulator of late spermatogenesis and is the first example of a Gld-2 family member that plays a significant role specifically in male gametogenesis.
The age and origin of a thick mafic–ultramafic keel from beneath the Sierra Nevada batholith

We present evidence for a thick (∼100 km) sequence of cogenetic rocks which make up the root of the Sierra Nevada batholith of California. The Sierran magmatism produced tonalitic and granodioritic magmas which reside in the Sierra Nevada upper- to mid-crust, as well as deep eclogite facies crust/upper mantle mafic–ultramafic cumulates. Samples of the mafic–ultramafic sequence are preserved as xenoliths in Miocene volcanic rocks which erupted through the central part of the batholith. We have performed Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd mineral geochronologic analyses on seven fresh, cumulate textured, olivine-free mafic–ultramafic xenoliths with large grainsize, one garnet peridotite, and one high pressure metasedimentary rock. The garnet peridotite, which equilibrated at ∼130 km beneath the batholith, yields a Miocene (10 Ma) Nd age, indicating that in this sample, the Nd isotopes were maintained in equilibrium up to the time of entrainment. All other samples equilibrated between ∼35 and 100 km beneath the batholith and yield Sm-Nd mineral ages between 80 and 120 Ma, broadly coincident with the previously established period of most voluminous batholithic magmatism in the Sierra Nevada. The Rb-Sr ages are generally consistent with the Sm-Nd ages, but are more scattered. The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd intercepts of the igneous-textured xenoliths are similar to the ratios published for rocks outcroping in the central Sierra Nevada. We interpret the mafic/ultramafic xenoliths to be magmatically related to the upper- and mid-crustal granitoids as cumulates and/or restites. This more complete view of the vertical dimension in a batholith indicates that there is a large mass of mafic–ultramafic rocks at depth which complement the granitic batholiths, as predicted by mass balance calculations and experimental studies. The Sierran magmatism was a large scale process responsible for segregating a column of ∼30 km thick granitoids from at least ∼70 km of mainly olivine free mafic–ultramafic residues/cumulates. These rocks have resided under the batholith as granulite and eclogite facies rocks for at least 70 million years. The presence of this thick mafic–ultramafic keel also calls into question the existence of a “flat” (i.e., shallowly subducted) slab at Central California latitudes during Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic, in contrast to the southernmost Sierra Nevada and Mojave regions.