cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of saltmarsh Spartina alterniflora from four coastal Louisiana basins

Abstract Seventy-two Spartina alterniflora accessions originating from four coastal Louisiana basins (18 accessions per basin) were used to evaluate the genetic structure of this native perennial low-intertidal plant species. The objective of this study was to determine the population genetic structure and diversity of S. alterniflora accessions originating from these four basins using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 250 unambiguous and highly repeatable AFLP markers, 186 of which (74.4%) were polymorphic, were obtained using four primer combinations. Overall, pairwise similarity estimates between accessions ranged from 0.70 to 0.93 (average = 0.80) with only a small portion of alleles (0.54–1.08%) unique to each basin. The average H s (genetic diversity within coastal basins) was 0.20 with an H s values of 0.19, 0.20, 0.20, and 0.21 for Mermentau, Terrebonne, Calcasieu, and Barataria-Breton basin, respectively. AMOVA analysis showed no genetic structure among basins, with the majority of genetic variation, 96.6%, residing within the basins. There was no indication of isolation by distance. Our results suggest that maintaining high levels of genetic diversity can be accomplished through the use of an adequate number of S. alterniflora samples collected within any large basin. Choosing parental lines from several Louisiana coastal basins for breeding purposes may not significantly increase genetic variability among the progeny lines.
Demo: Creating interactive virtual zones in physical space with magnetic-induction

In this demonstration, we present the architecture, implementation, and applications of LiveSynergy --- a system that provides reliable proximity sensing and open interactive abstractions for physical spaces and objects, to enable rich interactions between humans and their environment.
Socioeconomic status and comorbidity as predictors of preoperative quality of life in cardiac surgery

Objective Preoperative quality of life of patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures has been associated with postoperative morbidity, survival, and quality of life. Patients of lower socioeconomic status have disproportionately greater cardiovascular disease burden and more complications of cardiovascular disease. We examined the interactive effects of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity on preoperative functional quality of life measured by the well-validated cardiovascular disease–specific Duke Activity Status Index. Methods The patient population consisted of 5581 patients between May 1995 and January 1999 who underwent operations on cardiopulmonary bypass: isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, isolated valve procedures, or combined coronary artery bypass grafting and valve procedures and had a preoperative Duke Activity Status Index, along with socioeconomic status information from United States 2000 census data. Predictors were identified by logistic regression for maximum value of baseline DASI and linear regression for DASI scores less than maximum by means of bagging variable selection. Results Lower socioeconomic status was associated of lower risk-adjusted quality of life (maximum Duke Activity Status Index P = .0002, less than maximum Duke Activity Status Index P = .0007). Older age, female sex, certain comorbidities, higher New York Heart Association class, lower left ventricular function, and reoperation were also statistically significantly associated with lower preoperative Duke Activity Status Index. Conclusion Lower socioeconomic status is associated with lower risk-adjusted quality of life for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Quality of life affects morbid outcomes, so further characterization of risk factors for poor quality of life offers an opportunity for intervention.
Implications of qudit superselection rules for the theory of decoherence-free subsystems

The use of d-state systems, or qudits, in quantum information processing is discussed. Three-state and higher-dimensional quantum systems are known to have very different properties from two-state systems--i.e., qubits. In particular there exist qudit states which are not equivalent under local unitary transformations unless a selection rule is violated. This observation is shown to be an important factor in the theory of decoherence-free, or noiseless, subsystems. Experimentally observable consequences and methods for distinguishing these states are also provided, including the explicit construction of new decoherence-free or noiseless subsystems from qutrits. Implications for simulating quantum systems with quantum systems are also discussed.
Behavioral Mechanisms of Habitat Segregation between Sympatric Species of Microtus: Habitat Preference and Interspecific Dominance

Two species of microtine rodents are sympatric in eastern Washington, but they are segregated by habitat. Microtus montanus is found in the grass, and M. longicaudus occupies the shrub habitat. This investigation evaluated behavioral mechanisms controlling the distribution and asked the questions: (1) Are voles of either or both species occupying a preferred habitat? (2) Is a habitat preference influenced by early experience? (3) Does one species exclude the other from a habitat? 2. In tests in outdoor enclosures that provided a choice between natural shrub and grass habitats both species exhibited a preference for the grass habitat, irrespective of prior experience. However, M. montanus exhibited a stronger grass affinity than M. longicaudus. Field-caught (from grass) M. montanus spent significantly more time in the grass habitat than either field-caught (from shrubs) (P<0.01) or grass-reared M. longicaudus (P<0.01) (Fig. 1). 3. Early experience with grass was not a prerequisite for a choice, but experience with the grass habitat increased the grass affinity of M. montanus and lessened the variation in habitat occupancy (Fig. 1). 4. M. longicaudus responded to early exposure to shrub and grass habitats by decreasing the individual variation in habitat occupancy. In contrast to M. montanus, the experience failed to increase the affinity for either natural habitat (Fig. 1). 5. M. montanus males were larger in size and dominated in interspecific encounters. Strong aggression between the two species was not observed, since M. longicaudus exhibited a high propensity to withdraw from M. montanus. In contrast, M. montanus showed a low withdrawal propensity (Fig. 2). 6. M. montanus probably is restricted to the grass habitat by its strong grass preference. M. longicaudus appears excluded from its preferred grass habitat by its propensity to withdraw from the dominant M. montanus.
Molecular Interpretation of Kinetic-Ionic Strength Effects

A recent and important approach to investigating electron transfer mechanisms of redox proteins has been through kinetic-ionic strength studies. There is, however, significant controversy as to whether such studies (1) yield information regarding the charge (or location) of the electron transfer site or (2) more simply reflect the influence of net or overall protein charge on the electrostatic interactions. A critical analysis using different theoretical approaches is made of our recent work and of the bulk of the published non-physiological small molecule-protein and protein-protein kinetic ionic strength studies; it is concluded that (1) the approximated Bronsted-Debye-Huckel equation can not be used at all for protein redox reactions, (2) irrespective of the theoretical approaches discussed, such studies do not provide information regarding the charge of the electron transfer site, (3) it is the net charge of the reactants that control the electrostatic interactions, (4) both the equation derived by Wherland and Gray and the full Bronsted-Debye-Huckel equation provide reasonably good approximations of net protein charge, (5) pH changes quantitatively modulate net protein charge, and (6) thus, protein redox rates need to be electrostatically corrected if relevant interpretations of kinetic-ionic strength experiments are to be made.
Nerve growth factor rescues clonal PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells from “Inositol-Less Death”

Summary A clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) exhibits an absolute requirement for myo-inositol for survival and multiplication. The myo-inositol requirement for cell viability appears to be related to cell density. Cell death due to myo-inositol deficiency could be completely prevented by the renin-free β-subunit of mouse salivary gland nerve growth factor (β-NGF). Neither insulin nor cytochrome C could rescue the PC-12 cells from “inositol-less death”. The myo-inositol dependency of PC-12 cell line is highly specific in that neither scyllo-inositol nor myo-inositol 1,2, cyclic phosphate could substitute for myo-inositol in support of cell survival and growth.
Dual Models with Global SU(2,2) Symmetry

The possibility of enlarging the gauge symmetry of the dual resonance models is considered by studying the structure of SU(2,2)- [or SO(4,2)] invariant dual models. $n$-point functions based on the degenerate representations of SU(2,2) are worked out in detail, and a condition under which these amplitudes are dual is specified. Dual models based on the nondegenerate representations are also discussed. Through a physical interpretation of the characteristics which emerge, a possible connection between the dimension $N\ensuremath{-}1$ of the hadronic matter and the gauge-symmetry group $\mathrm{SO}(N, 2)$ is pointed out.
A multi-segment foot model based on anatomically registered technical coordinate systems: method repeatability and sensitivity in pediatric planovalgus feet

Several multisegment foot models have been proposed and some have been used to study foot pathologies. These models have been tested and validated on typically developed populations; however application of such models to feet with significant deformities presents an additional set of challenges. For the first time, in this study, a multisegment foot model is tested for repeatability in a population of children with symptomatic abnormal feet. The results from this population are compared to the same metrics collected from an age matched (8-14 years) typically developing population. The modified Shriners Hospitals for Children, Greenville (mSHCG) foot model was applied to ten typically developing children and eleven children with planovalgus feet by two clinicians. Five subjects in each group were retested by both clinicians after 4-6 weeks. Both intra-clinician and inter-clinician repeatability were evaluated using static and dynamic measures. A plaster mold method was used to quantify variability arising from marker placement error. Dynamic variability was measured by examining trial differences from the same subjects when multiple clinicians carried out the data collection multiple times. For hindfoot and forefoot angles, static and dynamic variability in both groups was found to be less than 4° and 6° respectively. The mSHCG model strategy of minimal reliance on anatomical markers for dynamic measures and inherent flexibility enabled by separate anatomical and technical coordinate systems resulted in a model equally repeatable in typically developing and planovalgus populations.
Complications following homograft replacement of the right ventricular outflow tract.

Abstract Twenty-two patients who had surgical reconstruction of the pulmonary artery and right ventricular outflow tract with a complete or partial valve-bearing aortic homograft have been followed for 1 to 5 years. The following complications were noted: (1) calcification of the homograft (10 patients; noted within the first postoperative year in 6 patients and 2 to 4 years after operation in the remaining 4); (2) pulmonary valve insufficiency (12 patients, including 8 with complete three-cusped aortic homografts); (3) residual obstruction (4 patients), primarily at the distal anastomosis; and (4) sudden, unexpected death (1 patient), which occurred 18 months after operation from rupture of the right ventricular outflow tract. Although the immediate postoperative results with aortic homografts are good, late complications are frequent. We have concluded that aortic homografts are not ideal for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Further development and evaluation of a suitable valve-bearing prosthesis is necessary since the goals of reconstruction in this group of patients continue to be relief of obstruction and establishment of a functionally competent right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit.
Knowing Students Throughtheir Writing

The best way for the principal to become familiar with student writing and the students them selves is to read what students write, think about it, and respond to it. The Principal's Paper is one way to do this.
Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy

Immunologic checkpoint blockade with antibodies that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1) have demonstrated promise in a variety of malignancies. Ipilimumab (CTLA-4) and pembrolizumab (PD-1) are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced melanoma, and additional regulatory approvals are expected across the oncologic spectrum for a variety of other agents that target these pathways. Treatment with both CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is associated with a unique pattern of adverse events called immune-related adverse events, and occasionally, unusual kinetics of tumor response are seen. Combination approaches involving CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are being investigated to determine whether they enhance the efficacy of either approach alone. Principles learned during the development of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 approaches will likely be used as new immunologic checkpoint blocking antibodies begin clinical investigation. J Clin Oncol 33. © 2015 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
High moment FeCoNi alloy thin films fabricated by pulsed-current electrodeposition

Soft, high moment FeCoNi thin films were fabricated by pulsed-current electrodeposition, in which the period with current flow was in the range 0.5-20 s and period with no current flow in the range 0-30 s. Film composition is determined by two concurrent phenomena, anomalous codeposition and diffusion-limited reduction of Fe, whose relative importance can be controlled by adjusting the duration of the current pulses. For short current pulses and long intervals between pulses the anomalous deposition process dominates and the films are Fe-rich. Under these conditions, the ratio of BCC/FCC phases is also higher, which increases the saturation magnetization of the film. For long current pulses and short intervals between pulses the diffusion of Fe/sup 2+/ ions in the electrolyte dominates the reduction reaction. Correspondingly, the films are Ni-rich and the ratio of BCC/FCC phases is reduced.
Bloch constants for meromorphic functions

The classical Bloch constant is defined for the family of functions f which are holomorphic on the open unit disk IB and normalized by f ' ( 0 ) = 1. The Bloch constant involves the size of unramified disks which lie on RI, the Riemann surface of f viewed as spread over the complex plane C. The radius of the unramified disk is measured relative to the euclidean distance function. We shall be concerned with various Bloch constants associated with families of meromorphic functions which are defined on either C or a compact Riemann surface. These meromorphic functions are not required to be normalized at some fixed point. For a meromorphic function f we view the Riemann surface R I as being spread over the Riemann sphere IP and measure the radius of unramified disks relative to the spherical distance. Let us state our main results. We show that the Bloch constant for the family of locally schlicht meromorphic functions on C is ~/2. The Bloch constant for the family of all nonconstant meromorphic functions on II? lies between ~/3 and 2 arctan (1/l~). In addition, we consider Bloch constants for other families of meromorphic functions on ~2. Our second group of results concerns the Bloch constant for the family of nonconstant meromorphic functions on a compact Riemann surface of genus g. We show that there is a lower bound N(g) for this Bloch constant that depends only on the genus g and not on the conformal type of the compact surface. This is a consequence of a theorem about branched coverings of IP that might be of independent interest. We discuss upper and lower bounds for ~(g). Finally, we outline an extension of our results to compact bordered Riemann surfaces that involves the family of holomorphic functions which have modulus one on the boundary.
Proving linearizability with temporal logic

Linearizability is a global correctness criterion for concurrent systems. One technique to prove linearizability is applying a composition theorem which reduces the proof of a property of the overall system to sufficient rely-guarantee conditions for single processes. In this paper, we describe how the temporal logic framework implemented in the KIV interactive theorem prover can be used to model concurrent systems and to prove such a composition theorem. Finally, we show how this generic theorem can be instantiated to prove linearizability of two classic lock-free implementations: a Treiber-like stack and a slightly improved version of Michael and Scott’s queue.
Infant negative emotionality and attachment: Implications for preschool intelligence

This longitudinal study examined the extent to which dimensions of infant negative temperament in the first year predicted IQ at age 3, and whether these associations depended on the quality of the infant–mother attachment relationship. In a sample of 63 infant–mother dyads, mothers completed Rothbart’s (1981) IBQ when infants were 4 and 12 months, mothers and infants participated in Ainsworth and Wittig’s (1969) Strange Situation at 12 months, and children completed the Stanford-Binet (Thorndike, Hagen, & Sattler, 1986) when they were 36 months of age. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that 4- or 12-month distress to limitations was not predictive of later IQ, but infants with greater distress to novelty at 4 months had higher IQs at 36 months. Furthermore, greater distress to novelty at 12 months predicted higher IQs but only for infants whose attachment was insecure. Differential implications of temperamental fear versus anger for social influences on cognitive development are discussed.
IMPLICATIONS OF NONRESPONSE FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF MAIL QUESTIONNAIRE DATA

Frank discussion of problems and limitations of research procedures and critical tests of their performance are marks of professional maturity. Many procedures can be evaluated only by the accumulation and comparison of many specific tests, carefully analyzed and reported in detail. This article is a welcome contribution to the assessment of questionnaire techniques. Dr. Marjorie N. Donald is Visiting Associate Professor of Psychology at Vanderbilt University. She started her professional career in the Department of Psychology at Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand. This article is based on research she did at the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan in a study of the League of Women Voters which had financial support from the Schwarzhaupt Foundation. More recently she served as Study Director for a survey of employee attitudes for Standard Oil Company of New Jersey.
Effects of disinhibitory transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and therapeutic exercise on sagittal plane peak knee kinematics and kinetics in people with knee osteoarthritis during gait: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To determine whether sensory transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) augmented with therapeutic exercise and worn for daily activities for four weeks would alter peak gait kinetics and kinematics, compared with placebo electrical stimulation and exercise, and exercise only.Design: Randomized controlled trial.Setting: Motion analysis laboratory.Subjects: Thirty-six participants with radiographically assessed knee osteoarthritis and volitional quadriceps activation below 90% were randomly assigned to electrical stimulation, placebo and comparison (exercise-only) groups.Interventions: Participants in all three groups completed a four-week quadriceps strengthening programme directed by an experienced rehabilitation clinician. Active electrical stimulation units and placebo units were worn in the electrical stimulation and placebo groups throughout the rehabilitation sessions as well as during all activities of daily living.Main measures: Peak external knee flexion moment and angle during...
Utility of adenoviral-mediated Fas ligand gene transfer to modulate islet allograft survival.

Background. One of the best-defined mechanisms for the induction of apoptosis involves signaling via the cell surface molecule Fas, after binding of Fas ligand. Expression of Fas ligand is tightly regulated, being expressed primarily by T cells after activation, where it serves as a self-regulatory mechanism for immune responses. Fas ligand has also been found to be expressed constitutively at sites of immune privilege such as the testes and the anterior chamber of the eye. Recently, co-transplantation of Fas ligand-transfected myoblasts in association with islet cell allografts was shown to prolong islet allograft survival but only rarely led to indefinite graft survival. Graft rejection was associated with loss of Fas ligand on the myoblasts, suggesting that direct expression of the transgene on the islets might be more effective. Methods. A replication-defective adenoviral construct containing murine Fas ligand (Ad/MFL) was prepared by homologous recombination. NIH 3T3 cells, rodent splenocytes, and murine islets were infected with Ad/MFL and examined in vitro for functional murine Fas ligand expression. Survival of Ad/MFL-infected islets was subsequently evaluated in vivo in both syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation models. Results. Cell lines and islet allografts transfected with Ad/MFL expressed a functional Fas ligand, capable of inducing apoptosis (confirmed by three distinct assays for DNA fragmentation) in Fas + targets, but not in Fas - controls. Furthermore, Ad/MFL was able to modify allogeneic immune responses in vitro, as addition of this virus, but not a control adenovirus, significantly reduced proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Surprisingly, however, transplantation of islet allografts transfected with Ad/MFL resulted in long-term allograft survival in only 1 of 30 recipients. Moreover, adenoviral-mediated Fas ligand gene transfer was complicated by transient, dose-dependent islet dysfunction, perhaps contributing to the lack of long-term engraftment. Conclusion. These data suggest that adenoviral-mediated Fas ligand expression may impair normal islet function in vivo, and indicate that alternative strategies for Fas ligand transgene delivery may be required in this setting.
Heterotopic ossification prophylaxis with indomethacin increases the risk of long-bone nonunion

Indomethacin is commonly administered for the prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification (HO) after the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin, have been associated with delayed healing of fractures and mechanically weaker callus. Our aim was to determine if patients with an acetabular fracture, who received indomethacin for prophylaxis against HO, were at risk of delayed healing or nonunion of any associated fractures of long bones. We reviewed 282 patients who had had open reduction and internal fixation of an acetabular fracture. Patients at risk of HO were randomised to receive either radiation therapy (XRT) or indomethacin. Of these patients, 112 had sustained at least one concomitant fracture of a long bone; 36 needed no prophylaxis, 38 received focal radiation and 38 received indomethacin. Fifteen patients developed 16 nonunions. When comparing patients who received indomethacin with those who did not, a significant difference was noted in the rate of nonunion (26% v 7%; p = 0.004). Patients with concurrent fractures of the acetabulum and long bones who receive indomethacin have a significantly greater risk of nonunion of the fractures of the long bones when compared with those who receive XRT or no prophylaxis.
What drives diversity? [engineering education and underrepresentation of minority groups]

A great deal of effort is being put forth to solve "the diversity problem"- the underrepresentation of women and people of color in student and faculty populations-at colleges of engineering. This paper reviews our understanding of the motivations or "drivers" behind the need to increase diversity. These drivers lie along a spectrum from external to internal motivations, and from those that are compliance-focused to those whose goal is change of the culture and profession of engineering. The drivers influence not only the definition of diversity we use, but the solutions and assessment of those solutions as well. Since finding effective solutions to this problem requires highly functional teams of people (the problem is too large for any one person to craft solutions on his/her own), we provide a starting point in the discussion by asking all the team members where they see themselves in this spectrum.
Rituximab treatment for fibrillary glomerulonephritis

Background Approximately 50% of patients with fibrillary glomerulonephritis (GN) progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within 2 years of diagnosis, and no standard therapy exists. The data on rituximab therapy for fibrillary GN are limited and have inconsistent outcomes. Here, we report the largest case series to date using rituximab for fibrillary GN. Methods Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on 12 patients with fibrillary GN who were treated with rituximab (1 g i.v. × 2 doses or 375 mg/m(2) × 4 doses) at the Center for Glomerular Diseases at Columbia University Medical Center. Non-progression of disease was defined as stable/improved serum creatinine (SCr) with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. Results The median SCr was 2.1 (range 0.7-2.7) mg/dL, median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 39 (range 21-98) mL/min/1.73 m(2) and median proteinuria 4497 (range 210-7542) mg/day at the time of rituximab initiation. Four patients had received immunosuppression before rituximab, and nine received immunosuppression after rituximab, with four receiving a second rituximab course. Four of 12 patients were non-progressors, 3 of 12 had progressive renal dysfunction without reaching ESRD, and 5 patients reached ESRD. The median follow-up for patients who did not reach ESRD was 38 (range 14-76) months after rituximab treatment. Non-progressors had lower SCr values, higher eGFRs and shorter median duration from diagnosis to treatment than progressors. No serious adverse events were noted. Conclusions Rituximab therapy was associated with non-progression of renal disease in 4 of 12 patients. At the time of treatment, these non-progressors had better renal function and shorter time from diagnosis to treatment than progressors.
REVIEW OF HEYMAN'S ADDICTION: A DISORDER OF CHOICE

Gene Heyman's Addiction: A Disorder of Choice (2009) advances the important, albeit controversial, view that addiction is not a chronic, relapsing brain disease, but instead is an example of typical everyday choice that is both voluntary and self-destructive. This review highlights Heyman's arguments for conceptualizing addiction as choice and discusses the utility of the treatment implications that are derived from the melioration model in which Heyman frames addiction. Self-control and behavioral economics are presented as additional complementary frameworks for understanding addiction as choice, from which pragmatic, evidence-based treatments for addiction (e.g., contingency management) might more easily be derived.
PROGRAM COMMITMENT: A MULTI‐STUDY LONGITUDINAL FIELD INVESTIGATION OF ITS IMPACT AND ANTECEDENTS

Increasingly, human resource professionals are being challenged to manage organizational programs that have proliferated in the wake of continual pressure to respond to competition and environmental change. This research examines program commitment, that is, an employee's commitment to an organizational program, and investigates its association with important organizational outcomes and a set of potential antecedents in 2 longitudinal field studies. In the first study, program commitment was positively related to participation in the program and program-related performance. In the second study, organizational commitment, change efficacy, and teamwork orientation were supported as antecedents to program commitment.
Hip-mold arthroplasty and postoperative infection. A method of salvage used in ten patients.

Ten patients after mold arthroplasty had potentially disastrous wound infections. A method of salvage, which has been strikingly effective, is described. We believe that prompt recognitions and aggressive action, as outlined, are essential in this situation. In the ten patients in this series, the results of arthroplasty were not greatly altered by this unsfortunate complication.
Artificial heart valve testing in goats.

The Bjork–Shiley monostrut valve, with a modified surface, was implanted in mitral position in 72 goats. An unhurried technique of isolated sutures through the wafer-thin base of the completely excised mitral valve in the beating heart at normothermia gave consecutive longterm survival in the goats without anticoagulation—up to one year. From the first postoperative day the goats lived freely on a farm, and one gave birth to two kids 6 months after valve replacement. These tests have hitherto been successful, but further hemodynamic testing and studies of explants are necessary for decisions concerning the applicability of the modified Bjork–Shiley monostrut valve.
Comparison of naïve and central memory derived CD8+ effector cell engraftment fitness and function following adoptive transfer.

Human CD8+ effector T cells derived from CD45RO+CD62L+ precursors enriched for central memory (TCM) precursors retain the capacity to engraft and reconstitute functional memory upon adoptive transfer, whereas effectors derived from CD45RO+CD62L- precursors enriched for effector memory precursors do not. Here we sought to compare the engraftment fitness and function of CD8+ effector T cells derived from CD45RA+CD62L+ precursors enriched for naive and stem cell memory precursors (TN/SCM) with that of TCM. We found that cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) derived from TCM transcribed higher levels of CD28, FOS, INFγ, Eomesodermin (Eomes), and lower levels of BCL2L11, maintained higher levels of phosphorylated AKT, and displayed enhanced sensitivity to the proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of γ-chain cytokines compared to CTLs derived from TN/SCM. Higher frequencies of CTLs derived from TCM retained CD28 expression and upon activation secreted higher levels of IL-2. In NOD/Scid IL-2RγCnull mice, CD8+ TCM derived CTLs engrafted to higher frequencies in response to human IL-15 and mounted robust proliferative responses to an immunostimulatory vaccine. Similarly, CD8+ TCM derived CD19CAR+ CTLs exhibited superior antitumor potency following adoptive transfer compared to their CD8+ TN/SCM derived counterparts. These studies support the use of TCM enriched cell products for adoptive therapy of cancer.
ONR MURI project on soil blast modeling and simulation

Current computational modeling methods for simulating blast and ejecta in soils resulting from the detonation of buried explosives rely heavily on continuum approaches such as Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and pure Eulerian shock-physics techniques. These methods approximate the soil as a Lagrangian solid continuum when deforming (but not flowing) or an Eulerian non-Newtonian fluid continuum when deforming and flowing at high strain rates. These two extremes do not properly account for the transition from solid to fluid-like behavior and vice versa in soil, nor properly address advection of internal state variables and fabric tensors in the Eulerian approaches. To address these deficiencies on the modeling side, we are developing a multiscale multiphase hybrid Lagrangian particle-continuum computational approach, in conjunction with coordinated laboratory experiments for parameter calibration and model validation. This paper provides an overview of the research approach and current progress for this Office of Naval Research (ONR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) project.
Investigating the effects of robot affect and embodiment on attention and natural language of human teammates

HRI studies investigating human-robot interactions in mixed initiative teams typically only look at macro-level behaviors. Yet, an investigation of micro-level behaviors such as eye gaze fixations, attentional shifts, communicative acts, and others is often necessary in order to determine the exact influence of robot behaviors on human cognitive processes. In this paper, we report the first results from several novel analyses of micro-level behaviors obtained from video and audio recordings from previous HRI team studies. The analyses focus on the effects of both robot embodiment and affect expression in the robot's voice on the human's verbal behavior and allocation of attention. The findings show complex relationships among all factors that have to be better understood to improve team performance.
Imaging the reduction of chromium(VI) on magnetite surfaces using in situ electrochemical AFM

Abstract Hexavalent chromium is a highly toxic and readily mobile metal contaminant introduced to the environment through a variety of industrial operations. In the presence of reductants, such as Fe(II), and catalytic mineral surfaces, such as iron oxides surfaces, Cr(VI) may be reduced to a less toxic and relatively insoluble form Cr(III). In this study, we investigate the interaction between Cr(VI) and the surface of the Fe(II)-bearing mineral magnetite, Fe(II)Fe(III)2O4, as an example catalyst, using electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM). With this method, the redox potential is controlled by an electrode, and Cr deposition on the magnetite surface is imaged over time as a function of redox potential and pH of the solution. Quantitative analyses of volumetric growth and surface coverage reveal that more precipitation occurs over time at very negative (− 500 mV at pH 3, − 750 mV at pH 7, and − 1000 mV at pH 11) and very positive (+ 1000 mV at pH 3 and + 500 mV at pH 11) electrochemical potentials. Up to 70% of the surface is covered with precipitates at pH 7, while less coverage is observed at pH 11 ( Results from growth analyses were confirmed by batch experiments performed on the same samples used in the AFM, where changes in the Cr concentration in solution were monitored using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Virtually all of the Cr was removed after 30 min at pH 7 (starting at 2 μM Cr(VI)) at all potentials, ~ 60% at pH 3, and very little removal at pH 11. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the magnetite surface at pH 3 suggest that only Cr(III) phases are present and that Cr and/or Fe–Cr oxide phases are more stable at very reducing conditions (− 750 mV), while Cr and/or Fe–Cr (oxy)hydroxide phases are present under more moderately-reducing conditions (− 250 mV). At pH 11, any Cr deposited is below the detection limit for XPS analysis (
YI.1 Condom Use & Pleasure in a Sample of YMSM: A Conceptual Framework

Purpose Little research addresses sexual pleasure in young men who have sex with men (YMSM). In this qualitative study, we developed a sexual health focused conceptual framework to explore relationships that emerged between condom use and sexual pleasure in sexual relationships among a sample of gay, bisexual, and transgender males. Methods 30 YMSM (ages 18–24 years) were recruited (through advertisements on social networking sites, participant referrals, and flyers posted at local venues frequented by YMSM) to complete a 90-minute, semi-structured interview seeking to better understand partner-seeking behaviours of YMSM. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Analysis used inductive open coding such that emergent concepts were connected across interviews and major themes identified. Results Median age was 22 years old (M = 21.96; SD = 1.75). Most (N = 18, 60%) of participants self-identified as White, and gay (N = 22, 73%). Over 90% (N = 28) reported having had sex with someone met on a dating website in the past 3 months. Five (17%) participants reported being HIV-positive and 12 (40%) reported a prior history of a sexually transmitted infection. Emotional effects (such as connectedness with others) and physical effects (loss of sensation and erectile difficulties) mediated the relationship between pleasure and condom use during insertive penile-anal intercourse. Specific characteristics of sexual events (e.g., use of lubricant), relationship with the partner, and of the specific sex act (including sexual position) moderated the relationship, with pleasure and satisfaction greater during receptive anal sex without a condom with emotionally intimate or regular partners. Conclusion s Our findings suggest that relationship between sexual pleasure and condom use may be mediated by both emotional and sexual factors. Prevention work with YMSM need to acknowledge the centrality of pleasure in sexual health and focus on modifiable factors that may impact pleasure among YMSM.
Charge-Defect Equilibrium Description of the Staebler-Wronski Defect Concentration and Formation Energy

An equilibrium framework for the high temperature behavior of dangling bond defects in amorphous materials is developed. With this framework it is possible to relate the thermal formation of defects directly with those created by high temperature illumination or current injection. It is found that the free energy change associated with dangling bond formation is negative. The negative free energy change means that if one considered only the structural changes, the lowest energy state for the system is with the weak bonds split into neutral and charged dangling bonds!
Effect of Longitudinal Ridges on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Airfoil

A pair of longitudinal ridges is employed to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency of an USA-35B airfoil used in a remotely controlled aircraft wing. Measurements include surface static pressure distributions, 2-dimensional and stereo particle image velocimetry. In the present study, the height and inter-ridge spacing were varied to find optimal control configuration for maximum effectiveness. The results show that the baseline airfoil exhibits a massive flow separation on the suction side at an angle of incidence of 12 and beyond. With the addition of optimal longitudinal ridges, the stall angle was significantly delayed and the flow was completely attached up to an angle of incidence of 16. These results clearly show the benefit of using longitudinal ridges as an effective flow control technique for improving aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft wing.
Understanding What Makes Americans Dissatisfied With Their Health Care System: An International Comparison

For decades, public satisfaction with the health care system has been lower in the United States than in other high-income countries. To better understand the distinctive nature of US health system satisfaction, we compared the determinants of satisfaction with the health system in the United States to those in seventeen other high-income countries by applying regression decomposition methods to survey data collected in the period 2011–13. We found that concerns related to “accessing most-preferred care” (the extent to which people feel that they can access their top preferences at a time of need) were more important to satisfaction in the United States than in other high-income countries, while the reverse was true for satisfaction with recent interactions with the health system. Differences among US socioeconomic groups in survey responses regarding access to most-preferred care suggest that wide variation in insurance coverage and generosity may play a role in these differences. While reductions in the...
Salinity Tolerance of an Isolate of Saprolegnia Australis

(1978). Salinity Tolerance of an Isolate of Saprolegnia Australis. Mycologia: Vol. 70, No. 6, pp. 1288-1293.
Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Clinical Perspectives

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death among women in the United States, accounting for ≈1 of every 3 female deaths. Sex-specific data focused on cardiovascular disease have been increasing steadily, yet is not routinely collected nor translated into practice. This comprehensive review focuses on novel and unique aspects of cardiovascular health in women and sex differences as they relate to clinical practice in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This review also provides current approaches to the evaluation and treatment of acute coronary syndromes that are more prevalent in women, including myocardial infarction associated with nonobstructive coronary arteries, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and stress-induced cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo Syndrome). Other cardiovascular disease entities with higher prevalence or unique considerations in women, such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, peripheral arterial disease, and abdominal aortic aneurysms, are also briefly reviewed. Finally, recommendations for cardiac rehabilitation are addressed.
Anthropogenic and geologic influences on subsidence in the vicinity of New Orleans, Louisiana

New measurements of ongoing subsidence of land proximal to the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, and including areas around the communities of Norco and Lutcher upriver along the Mississippi are reported. The rates of vertical motion are derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) applied to Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) data acquired on 16 June 2009 and 2 July 2012. The subsidence trends are similar to those reported for 2002–2004 in parts of New Orleans where observations overlap, in particular in Michoud, the 9th Ward, and Chalmette, but are measured at much higher spatial resolution (6 m). The spatial associations of cumulative surface movements suggest that the most likely drivers of subsidence are groundwater withdrawal and surficial drainage/dewatering activities. High subsidence rates are observed localized around some major industrial facilities and can affect nearby flood control infrastructure. Substantial subsidence is observed to occur rapidly from shallow compaction in highly localized areas, which is why it could be missed in subsidence surveys relying on point measurements at limited locations.
Toward Safer Transitions: A Curriculum to Teach and Assess Hospital-to-Hospice Handoffs

Abstract Context Patient handoffs are an increasingly emphasized skill in medical and nursing education, and handoff education is required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Traditional handoff tools lack content that is unique to hospice and palliative medicine. Objectives The objective of the study was to develop a comprehensive curriculum to teach and assess patient handoffs in hospice and palliative medicine fellowships. Methods Eight hospice physicians, nurse practitioners, and nurses were interviewed to determine core content for a hospital-to-hospice handoff. This content was used to create a verbal handoff template and direct observation assessment tool, which were reviewed by the same hospice providers for content validity. The handoff template was taught to two groups of palliative medicine fellows and one group of internal medicine residents using an interactive didactic and role play, and feedback was obtained to further refine the curriculum. Results After refinement, the complete handoff curriculum (verbal handoff template, didactic with role play, assessment by faculty using direct observation tool) was successfully integrated into a hospice and palliative medicine fellowship, satisfying Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements related to transitions in care. Conclusion The hospital-to-hospice handoff is a unique opportunity to teach patient safety in a palliative medicine context.
Optimization of efficacy of a live attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum immersion vaccine

This study was aimed at optimizing the efficacy of a recently developed live attenuated immersion vaccine (B.17-ILM) as a promising vaccine against bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum in salmonids. Rainbow trout (RBT) fry were vaccinated by immersion, and different parameters affecting vaccination such as fish size, vaccine delivery time, dose, duration of protection, booster regimes and vaccine growth incubation time were optimized. Specific anti-F. psychrophilum immune response was determined by ELISA. Protective efficacy was determined by challenging with a virulent strain of F. psychrophilum (CSF-259-93) and calculating cumulative percent mortality (CPM) and relative percent survival (RPS). All vaccinated fish developed significantly higher levels of serum antibody titers by week 8 when compared to their respective controls. Immersion vaccination for 3, 6 and 30 min produced significant protection with comparable RPS values of 47%, 53% and 52%, respectively. This vaccine provided significant protection for fish as small as 0.5 g with an RPS of 55%; larger fish of 1 g and 2 g yielded slightly higher RPS values of 59% and 60%, respectively. Fish vaccinated with higher vaccine doses of ∼10(10) and 10(8) colony forming units mL(-1) (cfu ml(-1)) were strongly protected out to at least 24 weeks with RPS values up to 70%. Fish vaccinated with lower doses (∼10(6) and 10(5) cfu mL(-1)) had good protection out to 12 weeks, but RPS values dropped to 36% and 34%, respectively by 24 weeks. Vaccine efficacy was optimum when the primary vaccination was followed by a single booster (week 12 challenge RPS = 61%) rather than two boosters (week 12 challenge RPS = 48%). Vaccination without a booster resulted in a lower RPS (13%) indicating the necessity of a single booster vaccination to maximize efficacy. This study presents key findings that demonstrate the efficacy and commercial potential for this live attenuated BCWD vaccine.
Emergency Action Plans in Physical Education.

Emergency Action Plans (EAP) are essential to properly manage injuries and illnesses in physical education and sport. However, most literature discusses EAP's in the athletic arena instead of physical education. The purpose of this study was to examine physical education instructors' experiences of student illness and injury, discuss the steps of an EAP, and provide a template for physical educators to develop a customized EAP at their school.
The Immutable Characteristic of Thin Skin: Exploring Available Remedies and Assessing ADR as a Viable Solution for Workplace Bullying

Workplace bullying is on the rise. However, there seems to be little that victims of bullying can do to prevent it. While federal and state legislation protect individuals from harassment and discrimination based upon immutable characteristics such as age, race, sex, religious preference, disability, and national origin, the law is fairly silent relative to direct protection against workplace bullying, making litigation in many respects futile. Some would call the concerns of bullying victims as just the cry of the “thin-skinned.” But should the psychological predisposition of a person qualify as an immutable characteristic? Without clear legal protections, what can be done about bullying? Additionally, how can ADR mechanisms of arbitration and mediation help to remedy a problem that seems to have expanded beyond the control and grasp of the traditional corporate response of simply delegating control of finding a viable resolution to line management and the Human Resources Department? This paper will explore all of these issues and more.