cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of steel beam to column connections subjected to blast loads

The behavior of fully restrained steel connections subjected to blast loads was examined using finite element analysis. Two connections that were tested as part of the AISC Northridge Moment Connection Test Program (Report for AISC, 1994) were studied using ABAQUS. Models were validated by comparing numerical results against AISC Program experimental data. Validated models were then subjected to simulated blast loads and their efficiency against those blast loads was verified based on criteria specified in TM5-1300 (Department of the Army, Structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions, 1990). Adequacy of TM5-1300 criteria was investigated and critical zones in the connection details were identified. Based on the results of the study, recommendations for modifications to TM5-1300 criteria were made and the effectiveness of the chosen connection details under blast loads was summarized. The results showed that the TM5-1300 criteria for steel connections subjected to blast loads are inadequate. Also the unreinforced (pre-Northridge) connection detail performed poorly under blast loads with excessive deflections and above yield stresses in the connection region while the reinforced connection detail showed improved resistance against blast loads and this connection may be an option when detailing steel framed connections to resist blast loads.
Interpretation and implementation of an ion sensitive probe as a plasma potential diagnostic on Alcator C-Mod

Abstract An ion sensitive probe (ISP) is developed as a robust diagnostic for measuring plasma potentials ( Φ P ) in magnetized plasmas of Alcator C-Mod. The ISP relies on the large difference between the ion and electron gyro-radii ( ρ i / ρ e ∼ 60) to reduce electron collection at a collector recessed at a distance ∼ ρ i behind a separately biased wall. We develop a new ISP method based on voltage sweeping to measure Φ P that is independent of the precise position and shape of the collector: Φ P is found to be the wall voltage when net current to the collector vanishes during an increasing voltage sweep. We have designed and installed an ISP to study Φ P and radio frequency (RF) sheath rectification on Alcator C-Mod. Preliminary results show that the ISP is a viable plasma potential diagnostic in Alcator C-Mod plasmas and Φ P measurements are in good agreement with independent results obtained with an emissive probe.
Superconducting lower critical fields in UPt3

Abstract DC magnetization curves of a single crystal of UPt 3 (T c = 542 mK) are obtained with the external field parallel and perpendicular to the hexagonal c-axis. The magnetization curves are analyzed to yield the lower critical field H c1 as a function of temperature and orientation. For both the c-axis and basal plane orientations, H c1 shows an apparent kink in slope about 150 mK below T c . This behavior appears to confirm the recently proposed model for the superconducting states in UPt 3 in which a two dimensional order parameter leads to the formation of two distinct superconducting phases.
Emerging Challenges and Opportunities Introducing the Association for Positive Behavior Support

We announce the creation of the Association for Positive Behavior Support (APBS) to unite communities and assist in the promotion and continuing development of the discipline. This brief article provides an introduction to APBS and an invitation to prospective members of this new international association.
Numerical simulation of a mesolow over a Gulf Stream filament

A three-dimensional mesoscale numerical model is used to investigate mesoscale circulation over a Gulf Stream filament. Two numerical experiments are performed with different initial uniform ambient wind speeds (U=0.1 m s−1, 3.5 m s−1 and 7 m s−1) for a typical winter day. It is found that for both low and moderate winds, a closed mesoscale circulation forms over the Gulf Stream filament. When the Gulf Stream filament was removed, the model did not predict a mesoscale circulation. The modeled circulation over the filament is in agreement with the observations, suggesting that the atmospheric circulations over the filaments may be an important mechanism in the U.S. East Coast cyclogenesis.
PENNSYLVANIANS VIEW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A TEN-YEAR PERSPECTIVE

Public opinion about the priority to be given to economic growth-promoting policies was assessed using data from statewide surveys of Pennsylvania residents conducted in 1980 and 1990. In both time periods, the majority of the respondents felt that economic development should be encouraged, but they were opposed to lowering pollution standards to attract business and industry. Older citizens, and those living in counties with high unemployment rates were the most likely to support economic growthpromoting activities. People apparently felt that economic growth and environmental protection are not incompatible.
Capital allocation within a firm

This chapter is concerned with decisions involving the allocation of resources for capital expenditures by a firm. Such capital investment is crucial for a firm since the amount of the investment determines in the long run whether the firm is expanding or contracting. The process has been studied extensively by economists with the objective of deriving an investment function for the economy as a whole under the assumption that management is making decisions in accordance with a profit-maximizing model. One exception to this statement is the book by Bower (1970), which contains an empirical study of the allocation of resources to capital expenditures within firms.
Parallel prototyping leads to better design results, more divergence, and increased self-efficacy

Iteration can help people improve ideas. It can also give rise to fixation, continuously refining one option without considering others. Does creating and receiving feedback on multiple prototypes in parallel, as opposed to serially, affect learning, self-efficacy, and design explorationq An experiment manipulated whether independent novice designers created graphic Web advertisements in parallel or in series. Serial participants received descriptive critique directly after each prototype. Parallel participants created multiple prototypes before receiving feedback. As measured by click-through data and expert ratings, ads created in the Parallel condition significantly outperformed those from the Serial condition. Moreover, independent raters found Parallel prototypes to be more diverse. Parallel participants also reported a larger increase in task-specific self-confidence. This article outlines a theoretical foundation for why parallel prototyping produces better design results and discusses the implications for design education.
Precision underwater positioning for in situ laser Raman spectrographic applications

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) has developed and deployed a laser Raman spectrometer system (DORISS-Deep Ocean Raman In-Situ Spectrometer) for oceanic geo-chemical measurements of sea water specimens. Quality spectra have been obtained on standards carried to the seafloor. The next stage of this development involves the ability to obtain spectra from natural targets of interest in the deep ocean and to maximize signal return from the sample. To accomplish maximum signal return the DORISS probe head must be properly positioned and focused. In addition the probe head must be held steady for several minutes while spectra are being acquired. This is in contrast to laboratory work in which the sample is precisely positioned with respect to the probe head. This requirement has been the driver for a new device, the Precision Underwater Positioning system (PUP). The positioning system has strict requirements for motion about the target. The DORISS requires very exact and repeatable motions with positional accuracies in the <1 mm range over a large workspace. The device must also let the user see where they are focusing, be able to move without disturbing the base position, and to stay stable over a variety of terrains. In addition, the system must be adaptable to other vehicles. Another requirement is to return relative position from a known home position once the PUP is set in place. Moreover, the device has several operational constraints that impacted the design and operation of the system. This paper outlines the science drivers, the operational considerations, and the engineering trades that were made to build the first two stages of the PUP. The test results of this system are also included demonstrating the device's actual performance against the specifications. In conclusion the paper outlines the next tasks and the direction the program is taking to fulfill the complete precision underwater positioning system requirements.
Hybrid repair of aortic aneurysm in patients with previous coarctation

Objectives Hybrid operations combining open and endovascular techniques have evolved for patients with complex aortic and coexisting cardiovascular disease. Our objectives were to describe the repair techniques and assess the outcomes in patients undergoing hybrid repair for aneurysm associated with previous aortic coarctation. Methods From 2004 to 2012, 14 patients underwent hybrid repair by elephant trunk with endovascular completion (n = 5), frozen elephant trunk (n = 8), or antegrade stent grafting (n = 1). The mean age at surgery was 45 ± 13.5 years. Of the 14 patients, 8 underwent supra-aortic arterial revascularization (ascending to subclavian bypass in 5, carotid–subclavian bypass in 2, or ascending to carotid and subclavian bypass in 1). Ten patients had a bicuspid aortic valve, 5 underwent concomitant aortic valve replacement, and 1 underwent valve repair. Six had a hypoplastic arch. Other procedures included ascending aortic repair (n = 4), coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 1), ascending to descending bypass (n = 1), and subclavian aneurysm repair (n = 1). One operation was an emergency, the others were elective. The mean maximum aneurysm diameter was 5.9 ± 1.5 cm. Data were obtained from a prospective database and chart review. Results No perioperative mortality, stroke, renal failure, or paraplegia occurred. One patient required prolonged intubation, another required reoperation for postoperative bleeding. Two endoleaks required repeat intervention. The mean length of stay was 9 ± 5.5 days. One late death occurred from hypertensive crisis and associated disseminated intravascular coagulation. At a mean follow-up of 26 months, no aortic growth was found. Conclusions Hybrid repair of postcoarctation repair aneurysm is a safe and effective, less-invasive treatment option for patients with complex anatomy and/or concomitant cardiac disease.
Use of path objects for air traffic control

A path object is a set of instructions plus the values of associated parameters that would be used by an aircraft's flight management system (FMS) or area navigation (RNAV) computer to construct a flight trajectory on the basis of the values of the parameters provided by the pilot or air traffic control (ATC) system. The concept of path objects and its applicability for development of FMS- or RNAV-based flight paths for aircraft routes are described. The use of path objects requires only a small number of parameters for specification of an RNAV route, and the computer then calculates the resulting flight path. Because most RNAV routes are just variations of the same basic shapes, many RNAV routes can be generated from a single path object by changing just one or two parameters. This offers the capability to reduce the size of the navigation database by a significant amount. This also allows the dynamic alteration of three-dimensional FMS-RNAV routes instead of radar vectoring, which represents a significant improvement in ATC procedures. Because of the compact expressions for the path objects, these procedures could be used in a voice communications environment as well as a data link environment. A path object can be thought of as a high-level language with which aircraft and ATC systems communicate flight path intentions. The concept of FMS- or RNAV-stored path objects is a change in thinking about the role of avionics technology. It offers a means of including the precision of the FMS-RNAV technology in the ATC system during the transition from today's system to the future's fully automated control system. This is an enabling technology that improves the ability to use and maintain FMS-RNAV in its role as a vital component of the ATC system. It has the potential to enhance future air traffic management-communication navigation surveillance concepts and applications.
Wollstonecraft's Philosophical Impact on Nineteenth‐Century American Women's Rights Advocates

This article challenges the thesis that the publication of William Godwin's scandalous Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1798 minimized the philosophical impact of Mary Wollstonecraft's 1792 work the Rights of Woman in nineteenth-century American political thought. Instead, we demonstrate that leading nineteenth-century American women's rights advocates—Hannah Mather Crocker, Lucretia Mott, Sarah Grimke, Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony—understood themselves to be in a critical, philosophical dialogue with the text of the Rights of Woman, and in some cases, the Memoirs, and defined their own, distinctive philosophies of sex equality partly within this context.
Young Adolescents' Comfort With Discussion About Sexual Problems With Their Physician

Objective: To identify factors associated with young adolescents' sense of comfort about discussing sexual problems with their physician. Design: Confidential, assisted self-report questionnaires on physician-adolescent communication developed by the investigators and completed by participants at visits for general health examinations. Setting: Five primary care pediatric practices at health maintenance organizations in Washington, DC. Patients: A consecutive sample of all adolescents 12 to 15 years old who received a general health examination. Of 412 eligible patients, 221 received parental consent and participated. Main Outcome Measure: Adolescents' sense of comfort about talking to their physician about a sexually transmitted disease or some other sexual problem. This outcome was chosen for a substudy of a larger longitudinal prevention trial. Results: Most adolescents valued their physicians' opinions about sex (89%) and said it was easy to talk to the physician during their visit (99%), but about half said they would be uncomfortable talking to the physician if they had a sexually transmitted disease or some other sexual problem (57%). Adolescents' sense of comfort was greater when physicians discussed sexual issues in the general health examination, adolescents perceived their personal risk of sexually transmitted disease to be high, adolescents had high selfesteem, and physicians were adolescents' usual physicians. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for physicians to discuss sexual risks with young adolescents and suggests ways physicians can help young adolescents feel more comfortable talking with them about sexual concerns. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:1146-1152
Theory of interedge superexchange in zigzag edge magnetism.

A graphene nanoribbon with zigzag edges has a gapped magnetic ground state with an antiferromagnetic interedge superexchange interaction. We present a theory based on asymptotic properties of the Dirac-model ribbon wave function which predicts ${W}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and ${W}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ribbon-width dependencies for the superexchange interaction strength and the charge gap, respectively. We find that, unlike the case of conventional atomic-scale superexchange, opposite spin orientations on opposite edges of the ribbon are favored by both kinetic and interaction energies.
Cross-Cultural Management Research: Trend and Future Directions

U The historical perspectives on cross-cultural studies outlined in the following HISTORICAL pages are based on Negandhi [1975] and England, Negandhi, and Wilpert [1979]. PERSPECTIVE The emerging field of cross-cultural studies on organizational functioning is largely a result of partial integration between the cross-cultural comparative management field and organization theory areas. Although some cross-cultural organization studies were conducted prior to the 1950s, the large-scale projects on industrialization of developing countries at 4 major universities (MIT, Chicago, California, and Princeton) during the 1950s provided a major impetus to the comparative management area. Scholars from various social disciplines-psychology, sociology, social and cultural anthropology, economics, and political sciences-contributed toward these efforts. The differing backgrounds of these scholars are reflected in their conceptualizations and methodologies as well as in their specific findings [Harbison and Myers 1959]. The conceptual and methodological approaches used by the comparative management theorists can be divided roughly into the following groups: the economic development orientation; the environmental approach; and the behavioral approach.
Bayesian optimal stratified sampling design

An optimal allocation problem in a stratified finlte population is studied when the stratum variables are assumed to have independent Blackwell-MacQueen sequence priors. It is shown that if we have independent Blackwell-MacQueen sequence priors on the irh stratum parameter vector XI=(XII ,…, XINI), where Nl(i=l ,…, L) is the ith stratum population size, Ericson's (1969b) and, when the grand mean is the parameter o f interest, Khan's (1976) optimal allocation rc?sults for categorical finite populations can be generalized t o noncategorical finite populations. A comparative sensitivity analysis is also performed to determine the extent to which the allocated sample size in the single phase Bayesian and Neyman optimal allocation designs varies when the allocation parameters such as the stratum size Nj, standard deviation 5, and stratum sampling cost c, are varied over a wide range. The comparative analysis study shows a much higher sensitivity in the Bayesian design than in the Neyman design.
Mechanisms of Proinflammatory Cytokine-Induced Biphasic NF-κB Activation.

The transcription factor NF-kappaB regulates genes involved in innate and adaptive immune response, inflammation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Proinflammatory cytokines induce the activation of NF-kappaB in both transient and persistent phases. We investigated the mechanism for this biphasic NF-kappaB activation. Our results show that MEKK3 is essential in the regulation of rapid activation of NF-kappaB, whereas MEKK2 is important in controlling the delayed activation of NF-kappaB in response to stimulation with the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha. MEKK3 is involved in the formation of the IkappaBalpha:NF-kappaB/IKK complex, whereas MEKK2 participates in assembling the IkappaBbeta:NF-kappaB/IKK complex; these two distinct complexes regulate the proinflammatory cytokine-induced biphasic NF-kappaB activation. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism in which different MAP3K and IkappaB isoforms are involved in specific complex formation with IKK and NF-kappaB for regulating the biphasic NF-kappaB activation. These findings provide further insight into the regulation of cytokine-induced specific and temporal gene expression.
Antigemination, assimilation, and the determination of identity

Author(s): Bakovic, E | Abstract: Avoidance of adjacent consonants that are 'sufficiently identical' - that is, identical except for possible differences in a small subset of specific features - is argued to result from joint satisfaction of a constraint against geminates (identical adjacent consonants) and other active constraints that independently require assimilation with respect to those features ignored in the determination of identity. The crux of the proposal is the dependence of antigemination on independent assimilation processes, a prediction that is independently verified in case studies from English and Lithuanian. The factorial typology of constraints at the core of the proposal is demonstrated to closely fit a significant range of observed cases. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.
Preliminary geochemical/geophysical model of Yucca Mountain

As part of the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI) Project, a comprehensive geochemical/geophysical model is being compiled. This model incorporates the current and relevant stratigraphic, petrologic, hydrogeologic, geochemical, and material data associated with a candidate repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. In this report the known repository data are compiled and unknown parameter values are estimated based on the available data. More data are needed before the geochemical/geophysical model of Yucca Mountain can be regarded as satisfactory and a suitable base for multidimensional predictive flow and transport simulations. Recommendations for future studies concerning site characterization and data aquisition are presented.
Substantive Members Should Receive Financial Aid

Policy makers have not reached a reasonable consensus on whether undocumented immigrants should receive financial aid nor developed a consistent set of conditions for eligibility. This article buil...
Do the arithmetic operations really execute in constant time

The paper emphasizes the need for exposing the undergraduate computer science students to the bit-level analysis of the run-times of certain computer algorithms. These are algorithms where the input(s) consist of one or more integers and only a bit-level analysis yields a more realistic estimate of the run-time behaviors of such algorithms.
O12.2 Church Attendance in Men Who Have Sex with Men Diagnosed with HIV is Associated with Later Presentation

Background Tensions between religion/religious beliefs and personal behaviours may impact HIV-related health seeking for persons at risk for HIV. We evaluated the relationship between self-reported church attendance and sexual partner characteristics on CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4 count) and history of HIV screening among persons presenting for the first time to establish HIV care. Methods This was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data at a University HIV Clinic in the U.S between April 2008 and June 2012. Socio-demographic and behavioural information, including church attendance, is collected and linked to laboratory data. Using logistic regression, we assessed for a 2-way interaction between church attendance and sexual behaviour on CD4 count at entry into care and on history of prior HIV testing in univariate and multivariable models. Results Of 508 participants, current church attendance was reported by 56%. There was a significant interaction between church attendance and sexual behaviour (p = 0.02) with CD4 count at the time of entry into care. MSM who reported church attendance were significantly more likely to present with a CD4 count 3 (p = 0.013) than MSM who did not. No difference in CD4 count was observed for MSW or WSM when evaluated by report of church attendance. There was a significant interaction between church attendance and sexual behaviour (p = 0.012) on history of previous HIV testing. WSM who attended church were more likely to report previous HIV testing (p = 0.01). MSM who attended church were less likely to report previous HIV testing (unadj p = 0.041) but this difference did not maintain significance in adjusted models. Discussion These findings frame a potentially important interaction between church attendance and sexual behaviour on timing of HIV diagnosis and presentation into care with important implications for individual health outcomes and secondary HIV prevention.
Resting Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Buffers Against Rejection Sensitivity via Emotion Control

Emerging evidence suggests that high resting heart rate variability in the respiratory frequency band, or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may capture individual differences in the capacity to engage in situationally appropriate regulation of affect and behavior. The authors therefore hypothesized that high RSA may act as a protective factor against difficulties controlling negative affect and hostile behaviors in conflicts with romantic partners in highly rejection-sensitive individuals—a population otherwise vulnerable to these responses. Results were consistent with this hypothesis such that highly rejectionsensitive participants reported less emotion control and more hostility in conflicts only if they were also low in RSA. Furthermore, emotion control mediated the joint effect of rejection-sensitivity and RSA on hostile conflict behavior. These results are consistent with the argument that resting RSA is a marker of flexible responding in the context of highly emotional situations, and further suggest that it may serve as a protective factor particularly in vulnerable populations.
Staphylococcus capitis prosthetic valve endocarditis: Report of two rare cases and review of literature

Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common organism associated with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Staphylococcus capitis, a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, is a rare cause of endocarditis. We report two cases of S.capitis prosthetic valve endocarditis, both involving prosthetic aortic valve and complicated by aortic root abscess. We also review the literature for this rare condition caused by this rare organism.
Reduction Techniques for Instance-BasedLearning Algorithms

Instance-based learning algorithms are often faced with the problem of deciding which instances to store for use during generalization. Storing too many instances can result in large memory requirements and slow execution speed, and can cause an oversensitivity to noise. This paper has two main purposes. First, it provides a survey of existing algorithms used to reduce storage requirements in instance-based learning algorithms and other exemplar-based algorithms. Second, it proposes six additional reduction algorithms called DROP1–DROP5 and DEL (three of which were first described in Wilson & Martinez, 1997c, as RT1–RT3) that can be used to remove instances from the concept description. These algorithms and 10 algorithms from the survey are compared on 31 classification tasks. Of those algorithms that provide substantial storage reduction, the DROP algorithms have the highest average generalization accuracy in these experiments, especially in the presence of uniform class noise.
The Management of Encephalitis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with encephalitis were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for patients with encephalitis. The guideline includes data on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of many viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and helminthic etiologies of encephalitis and provides information on when specific etiologic agents should be considered in individual patients with encephalitis.
Psychoendocrine aspects of mother-infant relationships in nonhuman primates

Abstract Studies will be presented which examine the physiological and behavioral responses of squirrel monkeys and rhesus macaques following disruptions of mother-infant relationships. Reliable increases in circulating levels of plasma cortisol occur following separation of the infant from its mother. The presence of familiar conspecifics during the time of separation reduces the pituitary-adrenal response, compared to that elicited by total isolation. Visual access to the mother during separation also ameliorates the plasma cortisol response. However, when infants are separated in the presence of unfamiliar conspecifics, the physiological response is exaggerated compared to animals which are totally isolated. The behavior expressed by the infant during separation, particularly separation-induced vocalizations, is not concordant with this physiological index of affect. The rate of vocalization produced when the infant has visual access to the mother was higher than when the infant was totally isolated. However, when allowed access to familiar conspecifics, the rate of vocalization was lower than during total isolation, with no vocalization produced while the separated infant was in the unfamiliar social group. The curvilinear relationship between vocalization and the physiological index of arousal has led to a revision of the traditional concept that separation-induced infant vocalization is reflective of distress. These data support the hypothesis that vocalizations may serve as a coping response that reduces the physiological indices of arousal. Social interaction with familiar conspecifics may serve as a non-vocal coping response (e.g., proximity contact to other monkeys) which also reduces the behavioral and physiological responses to maternal separation.
Recent advances in the treatment of pediatric pulmonary artery hypertension.

For physicians to admit that a group of patients remain for whom no cure is available in modern medicine is intellectually unsatisfying. Despite our inability to cure pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), therapeutic medical and surgical advances over the past decade have resulted in significant improvements in the outcome for children with various forms of PAH. This article discusses the workup and evaluation of children who present with PAH and discusses recent therapeutic advances. The role(s) of anticoagulation, vasodilator therapy (including inhaled nitric oxide and long-term intravenous [IV] prostacyclin), and transplantation are discussed. These therapeutic modalities provide improved quality of life (QOL), exercise capacity, pulmonary hemodynamics, and long-term survival for children with PAH. Pulmonary artery hypertension is a common accompaniment of many congenital cardiac lesions, and the status of the pulmonary vascular bed often is the principal determinant of the clinical manifestations, course, and feasibility of surgical treatment. The causes, appearance, and rate of progression of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease are among the most vexing problems faced by clinicians. PAH can also occur from a variety of pulmonary and noncardiovascular conditions. The prognosis for children with PAH varies greatly depending on the cause of the PAH and the point at which the natural history of the pulmonary vascular disease the child is at the time of diagnosis. Although our understanding of the pulmonary circulation has substantially increased over the past 40 years, why one child behaves differently from another with what seems to be the same degree of PAH remains unclear. Despite this, treatment has significantly improved over the past decade. For years following the advent of right heart catheterization, studies on PAH focused on the physiologic and pathologic effects of alveolar hypoxia on the pulmonary circulation. These studies helped to clarify the role of various factors that regulate the pulmonary circulation, such as innervation, humoral mediators, and mechanical properties. A new interest in PAH was stimulated in the 1970s, when pulmonary vasodilators became available. Unfortunately, oral vasodilators are not always effective. With the introduction of prostacyclin and nitric oxide in the 1980s and 1990s, patients in whom oral vasodilators are not effective can now be successfully treated.
On information hiding and network management

No single administration controls the entire Internet. Instead, competing providers work together to enforce of a wide variety of network management policies, including policies that limit the flow of management information itself. In many cases these policies are designed to keep information about the state of the network from "leaking" outside the network. In this position paper, we consider the ramifications of such information-hiding policies for network management. We discuss mechanisms that might be used to enforce such policies, and argue for an open access policy.
Facile fabrication of gelatin‐based biopolymeric optical waveguides

The rapid development in optical detection techniques for sensing applications has led to an increased need for biocompatible, biodegradable, and disposable optical components. We present a controllable fabrication technique for an entirely biopolymeric planar optical waveguide via simple spin-coating. The refractive index difference, thermal responsive properties, and inherent biocompatibility of gelatin and agarose were exploited in the fabrication of thin, stacked films that efficiently guide light in a core layer with higher index of refraction. These planar waveguides were fabricated using a simple spin-coating technique, which resulted in controllable layer thicknesses and smooth layer interfaces. This technique, therefore, offers a path for routine engineering of biopolymer structures with contrasting refractive indices. The thermal stability of the gelatin core layer was improved using two crosslinkers; glutaraldehyde or microbial Transglutaminase. Light guiding in the core layer of the waveguide was demonstrated using a simple He-Ne laser setup. Guiding efficiency was further illustrated by directly embedding fluorescent markers within the core layer and detecting their spectral signature. Combined with the biopolymers' inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, our simple strategy to fabricate disposable optical components holds the potential for the development of applications in biological sensing and implantable biomedical devices.
Enhanced vascular endothelial cell function on nanostructured titanium surface features

To study the contribution of different surface feature properties in improving vascular endothelial cell adhesion, rationally designed nano/sub-micron patterns with various dimensions were created on titanium surfaces in this study. In vitro results indicated that endothelial cell adhesion was improved when the titanium pattern dimensions decreased into the nano-scale. Specifically, endothelial cells preferred to adhere on sub-micron and nano rough titanium substrates compared to flat titanium. Moreover, titanium with nano and sub-micron roughness and with the same chemistry as compared to flat titanium, had significantly greater surface energy. Thus, the present study indicated the strong potential of surface nanotopography and nano/sub-micron roughness for improving current vascular stent design.
An observability-constrained sliding window filter for SLAM

A sliding window filter (SWF) is an appealing smoothing algorithm for nonlinear estimation problems such as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), since it is resource-adaptive by controlling the size of the sliding window, and can better address the nonlinearity of the problem by relinearizing available measurements. However, due to the marginalization employed to discard old states from the sliding window, the standard SWF has different parameter observability properties from the optimal batch maximum-a-posterior (MAP) estimator. Specifically, the nullspace of the Fisher information matrix (or Hessian) has lower dimension than that of the batch MAP estimator. This implies that the standard SWF acquires spurious information, which can lead to inconsistency. To address this problem, we propose an observability-constrained (OC)-SWF where the linearization points are selected so as to ensure the correct dimension of the nullspace of the Hessian, as well as minimize the linearization errors. We present both Monte Carlo simulations and real-world experimental results which show that the OC-SWF's performance is superior to the standard SWF, in terms of both accuracy and consistency.
The Universe of Evidence-Based I–O Psychology Is Expanding

The practice of industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology is evidence based. Briner and Rousseau’s (2011) article offers a righteous way forward to make it even more so. That way forward is built on two key activities: one infrequent and another that has waned. The infrequent activity is the act of generating what the authors call ‘‘systematic reviews’’ of evidence, reviews that synthesize essential research-based findings to provide answers to practical problems. What has waned, as indicted by publication rates, is ‘‘practice-oriented research’’ that involves collaboration between I–O psychologists in primary research institutions and those in settings where practice is paramount. Briner and Rousseau’s prescriptions fit well in an I–O psychology universe of two worlds, the ‘‘We’ll do the research and you apply it’’ and the ‘‘Give me something useful—and hurry’’ worlds. These are quite visible in passages that speak of the need to ‘‘bridge,’’ ‘‘translate,’’ and ‘‘transfer’’ between them. It is not much contestable that these worlds are realities in the I–O universe. However, that universe is expanding, and the implications for evidence-based I–O psychology are huge.
ASSESSING ALTERNATIVE PREFABRICATION METHODS: LOGISTICAL INFLUENCES

Any construction project that is completed on-time at the lowest total cost requires the consideration of logistics processes and economics. This study investigates the cost implications of moving and transforming materials in various materials network configurations associated with popular prefabrication construction methods. Efforts focus on the trade-offs that exist among contract-to-completion times, transportation costs, and assembly costs for the alternative construction methods. The findings suggest that the competitive advantage of prefabrication methods can be enhanced through an optimal combination of reduced construction times as well as the number, distance, and configurations of materials and sub-assembly shipments.
Achieving and Exceeding Logistics Outsourcing Expectations in Brazil: A Replication Study

Responding to calls for replication research in the supply chain management literature, the current article reports the results of a replication study that looked at the performance of logistics outsourcing relationships among German logistics managers. More specifically, this article investigates the performance of logistics outsourcing relationships among Brazilian logistics managers and tests the same hypotheses as the focal study. The results indicate that the Brazilian replication is consistent with the focal study on five of the seven hypotheses. With respect to inconsistencies, the focal study found significant positive relationships between proactive improvement and logistics performance outcomes whereas the Brazilian replication did not find significant relationships between proactive improvement and logistics performance outcomes, which reflects the relevant effect of contextual differences between Germany and Brazil. The article offers both managerial and research implications along with suggestions for future research.
Stability of systems with nonlinear feedback through randomly time-varying delays

In a large class of multi-loop control systems, many feedback loops are "closed" through a timeshared digital computer, using algorithms which require information from sources which are sampled at a rate which is not synchronized with the sampling of the individual "Plants". This mis-synchronization, in conjunction with variations in the computer's task load caused by "interrupts", results in a randomly time-varying delay in the closing of the various feedback loops. Consequently, the dynamics of each controlled "plant" in such a system may be modeled by means of a stochastic delay-differential equation. This paper presents some new research resets concerning the sample stability (as opposed to statistical, or ensemble stability) of non-linear stochastic delay-differential equations.
The human tumor stem cell assay revisited

The human tumor stem cell assay (HTSCA) is a bilayer soft agar system for growing fresh human tumor specimens in vitro to determine drug sensitivity and improve our understanding of tumor biology. Recent clinical correlations of 60% accuracy for predicting a positive clinical response and a 90% accuracy for predicting a lack of response to therapeutic agents suggest promising clinical usefulness. However, the clinician should be aware of the assay's inherent pitfalls, such as heterogeneity of the tumor specimen, inability to obtain pure single-cell suspensions, low cloning efficiency, unusual drug dose-dependent survival curves, uncertain validity of in vitro pharmacology, non-standardized criteria for in vitro sensitivity, and the variability of in vitro results. A brief summary of the concepts, potential, and limitations of this assay are discussed.
Leadership by Definition: First Term Reflections on George W. Bush's Political Stance

George W. Bush elevated the value of definition in presidential leadership and made it central to his political stance. This was as much a strategic calculation of political advantage in the moment at hand as it was a reflection of the man's innate character. Accounting for Bush's leadership posture in this way helps to situate it on a larger historical canvas as a particular rendition of a familiar type; reference to general characteristics of the type facilitates, in turn, an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of Bush's performance over the course of his first term. Conclusions consider deviations from the patterned political effects of leadership of this sort and weigh their possible significance.Stephen Skowronek is the Pelatiah Perit Professor of Political and Social Science at Yale University (stephen.skowronek@yale.edu). He is author of The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton and more recently with Karen Orren, The Search for American Political Development. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at CIDE in Mexico City, at the University of Texas, and the University of Tulsa. It was also featured as the Abbott Memorial Lecture at the Sondermann Symposium on the Presidency at Colorado College, Colorado Springs (December 2004). The version printed here was completed on May 10, 2005.
APPROACH TO MONITOR AND ASSESS THE QUALITY OF SENSOR DATA IN SUPPORT OF CALIBRATION AND CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE FOR TURBINE POWERED NAVY VESSELS

This paper describes a flexible, widely applicable sensor health monitoring system, as developed in partnership with Northrop Grumman Ship Systems (NGSS) under a small business innovative research contract for the US Navy. Traditional signal processing techniques were employed in conjunction with data driven models and fault identification and classification techniques to provide a robust analysis of sensor health. Key aspects of the system include: • Analysis of both high and low bandwidth data • Modules that assess a sensor’s performance on an individual basis. These are designed to detect noise, incipient faults, spiking and signal dropout • Modules that assess a sensor’s performance from an overall system perspective, enabling early identification of sensor drift and calibration issues • Algorithms for high bandwidth signals designed to detect clipping, abnormal signal mean and range, and signal shape anomalies that enable identification of certain mechanical and electrical failures • Mode detection algorithms that enable dynamic weighting of calculated health parameters in order to mitigate false alarms and missed detects • Fusion algorithms that combine and interpret the output from the aforementioned modules, to provide estimates of overall sensor health and failure mode The system’s capabilities were exercised on 1) laboratory datasets generated in-house with implanted faults, 2) data from tests conducted on the power distribution system driven by a Rolls-Royce MT30 gas turbine slated to power the Navy’s DDG1000 destroyer, and 3) from a low pressure air compressor (LPAC) found on legacy Navy weapons systems. The ability to detect and classify various electrical faults, issues related to calibration, and certain mechanical failures was validated. The system is suitable for offline mining of historical data, embedded on-line monitoring, and for application in distributed computing networks.
Notch Signaling in Primary Endothelial Cells

The Notch family of cell-surface receptors has been proposed to regulate cell-fate decisions by modulating the ability of each cell to respond to environmental cues. In vertebrates, gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies have demonstrated a requirement for Notch signaling for proper patterning of the vasculature during embryogenesis. To examine the molecular mechanisms by which Notch regulates vascular development, we analyzed changes in gene expression in response to Notch signaling. Notch signal transduction and function were assessed in primary human endothelial cells isolated from the dermal microvasculature of neonates, HMVECd. We demonstrate that HMVECd cells express a heterodimeric form of endogenous Notch4 on their cell surface. Using an in vitro coculture assay, we found that Delta4 can function as a ligand for Notch4 in HMVECd cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of an activated allele of Notch4 upregulated the expression of Delta4, suggesting that there may be a regulatory loop between Notch4 and its ligand, Delta4. Notch4 activation also induced the expression of the transcriptional repressors, HES1, HERP1, and HERP2, as well as ephrinB2, an angiogenic factor proposed to be involved in arterial/venous endothelial cell specification.
Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function

Platelet dysfunction is commonly acquired due to medications, procedures, medical conditions, and underlying hematologic disease. These issues are presented, the data reviewed, and recommendations given herein. Many medications and dietary supplements have platelet-inhibitory effects in vitro, although the clinical effects on bleeding risks are unclear for many. Platelet-inhibitory drugs are key in the treatment of vascular disease. Data are available to aid in the management of these medications to prevent hemorrhagic complications. Bleeding in patients with renal failure has decreased with improved dialysis and the use of erythropoietin, but remains a challenge. Platelet dysfunction accompanies cardiac valvular disease and use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Hematologic disorders including myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), myelodysplasia, paraproteinemias, and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) can also be associated with hemorrhagic complications due to platelet dysfunction. Knowledge of which factors affect bleeding risk and how to treat individuals with acquired platelet dysfunction are important in optimizing patient care.
Counterexample-guided SMT-driven optimal buffer sizing

The quality of network-on-chip (NoC) designs depends crucially on the size of buffers in NoC components. While buffers impose a significant area and power overhead, they are essential for ensuring high throughput and low latency. In this paper, we present a new approach for minimizing the cumulative buffer size in on-chip networks, so as to meet throughput and latency requirements, given high-level specifications on traffic behavior. Our approach uses model checking based on satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers, within an overall counterexample-guided synthesis loop. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique on NoC designs involving arbitration, credit logic, and virtual channels.
THE OPTIMUM QUANTITY OF MONEY RULE IN THE THEORY OF PUBLIC FINANCE

This paper examines optimal tax policy in a monetary economy in which money serves as an intermediate good that helps facilitate the conversion of scarce resources into tinal consumption goods by enabling consumers to economize on the costs of transacting. It is shown that in such an environment, even though distorting taxes must be levied for revenue purposes, the optimal tax structure calls for abstaining from inflationary finance and adopting the optimum quantity of money rule.