cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PLATYZOMA—A QUEENSLAND FERN WITH INCIPIENT HETEROSPORY

First record is made of a dioecious condition in the heterosporous, terrestrial fern Platyzoma microphyllum R. Br. from northern Australia. The spores, gametophytes and young sporophyte are described and the role of heterospory and dioecism in these plants is discussed. The genus is newly classified as a subfamily Platyzomatoideae in the Polypodiaceae. THIS monotypic genus of northern Australia, with the single species P. microphyllum, is unusual in several respects but particularly in the production of spores of 2 sizes from which 2 kinds of gametophytes are formed. Since heterospory has been regarded as one of the most important advances in the evolution of land plants, this condition in Platyzoma is of special interest. In
Predator avoidance during reproduction: diel movements by spawning sockeye salmon between stream and lake habitats.

Summary Daily movements of mobile organisms between habitats in response to changing trade-offs between predation risk and foraging gains are well established; however, less in known about whether similar tactics are used during reproduction, a time period when many organisms are particularly vulnerable to predators. We investigated the reproductive behaviour of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and the activity of their principal predator, brown bears (Ursus arctos), on streams in south-western Alaska. Specifically, we continuously monitored movements of salmon between lake habitat, where salmon are invulnerable to bears, and three small streams, where salmon spawn and are highly vulnerable to bears. We conducted our study across 2 years that offered a distinct contrast in bear activity and predation rates. Diel movements by adult sockeye salmon between stream and lake habitat were observed in 51·3% ± 17·7% (mean ± SD) of individuals among years and sites. Fish that moved tended to hold in the lake for most of the day and then migrated into spawning streams during the night, coincident with when bear activity on streams tended to be lowest. Additionally, cyclic movements between lakes and spawning streams were concentrated earlier in the spawning season. Individuals that exhibited diel movements had longer average reproductive life spans than those who made only one directed movement into a stream. However, the relative effect was dependent on the timing of bear predation, which varied between years. When predation pressure primarily occurred early in the spawning run (i.e., during the height of the diel movements), movers lived 120–310% longer than non-movers. If predation pressure was concentrated later in the spawning run (i.e. when most movements had ceased), movers only lived 10–60% longer. Our results suggest a dynamic trade-off in reproductive strategies of sockeye salmon; adults must be in the stream to reproduce, but must also avoid predation long enough to spawn. Given the interannual variation in the timing and intensity of predation pressure, the advantages of a particular movement strategy will likely vary among years. Regardless, movements by salmon allowed individuals to exploit fine-scale habitat heterogeneity during reproduction, which appears to be a strategy to reduce predation risk on the spawning grounds.
User Perceptions of Decision Support Effectiveness: Two Production Planning Experiments *

Decision support systems continue to be very popular in business, despite mixed research evidence as to their effectiveness. We hypothesize that what-if analysis, a prominent feature of most decision support systems, creates an “illusion of control” causing users to overestimate its effectiveness. Two experiments involving a production planning task are reported which examine decision makers' perceptions of the effectiveness of what-if analysis relative to the alternatives of unaided decision making, and quantitative decision rules. Experiment 1 found that almost all subjects believed what-if analysis was superior to unaided decision making, although using what-if analysis had no significant effect on performance. Experiment 2 found that decision makers were indifferent between what-if analysis and a quantitative decision rule which, if used, would have led to significant cost savings. Thus, what-if analysis did create an illusion of control: decision makers perceived performance differences where none existed, and did not detect large differences when they were present. In both experiments, decision makers exhibited difficulty realizing that their positive beliefs about what-if analysis were exaggerated. Such misjudgments could lead people to continue using what-if analysis even when it is not beneficial and to avoid potentially superior decision support technologies.
Reply: Ventilation–Perfusion Scanning: Stuck in a Rut, Perhaps, but the Road Ahead Is Not So Clear

REPLY: I thank Drs. Freeman and Ziessman for their comments on my editorial regarding SPECT V/Q imaging ([1][1]). I understand Dr. Freeman’s point that problems can arise if a test is too sensitive. It seems to me that there are two ways to approach the problem of detecting and reporting small
STOCHASTIC RESONANCE: TUTORIAL AND UPDATE

Stochastic resonance is by now a well studied phenomenon whereby certain nonlinear systems, subject to weak input signals, have the property that the presentation of stochastic forcing, or “noise,” can enhance the coherence of the output. Since its introduction in 1981, this curious phenomenon has been the object of much study, yet a number of questions remain. In addition to offering an update to recent reviews, we hope here to set the stage with a brief tutorial, raise some questions and then to offer a speculative look towards the future.
Ramified Frege Arithmetic

Oystein Linnebo has recently shown that the existence of successors cannot be proven in predicative Frege arithmetic, using Frege’s definitions of arithmetical notions. By contrast, it is shown here that the existence of successor can be proven in ramified predicative Frege arithmetic.
A hearing aid for subjects with extreme high-frequency losses

A speech processing system has been developed in which the unvoiced portion of speech is bandwidth compressed from an original bandwidth of 4000 Hz into a low-frequency band not exceeding 1000 Hz, in which hearing impaired subjects with severe high-frequency hearing losses still possess some residual speech perception. The basic compression operation is based upon a time-domain time expansion technique, and the resulting reduction in bandwidth is accomplished without relinquishing the essential information contained in unvoiced speech. Thus, subjects are able again to perceive unvoiced speech of fair intelligibility where conventional hearing aids normally fail to be of any assistance. The imposition of stringent operating requirements such as portability, real-time operation, and functionality in a real-listening environment composed of many competing speech and noise sources, eliminated numerous elegant speech processing approaches.
Scaling during shadowing growth of isolated nanocolumns

We observed a scaling behavior during the shadowing growth of isolated Si, Co, Cu, and W nanocolumnar structures on Si substrates using the oblique angle deposition with substrate rotation (also known as glancing angle deposition or simply GLAD). The width of the isolated columns, $W,$ grew as a function of column length, $d,$ in a power law form, $W\ensuremath{\sim}{d}^{p},$ where $p$ is the growth exponent and was measured to be $\ensuremath{\sim}0.28--0.34.$ It is argued that shadowing without diffusion should lead to $p=0.50$ and would cross over to 0.31 if one considers surface diffusion. It is of great interest to determine the mechanisms that would affect the value of $p$ since it is an important factor that would control the shape, final size, and spacing of the isolated nanocolumns eventually produced.
A web-based spatial data access system using semantic R -trees

With the increasing use of geographical data in real-world applications, Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have recently emerged as a fruitful area for research. In order to provide information to a multitude of users, the World Wide Web (WWW) techniques have been integrated into GISs. A high-performance web-based GIS, called TerraFly, has been developed in order to provide web-based GIS accesses to the general public. The design of TerraFly considers two major aspects: (1) the system architecture including client, database server, proxy server and information server; and (2) the semantic R-tree data structure and semantic queries. The system architecture utilizes the existing resources to achieve maximum performance by using the "internally Distributed Multithreading (IDMT)" technique. The spatial access method, semantic R-trees, is used to search for an object, based on both spatial and semantic information. System performance results are presented and analyzed. Reducing network traffic to achieve faster response to users is also discussed.
Radionuclide bone scintigraphy in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: when is it indicated?

Objective To evaluate the use of radionuclide bone scintigraphy following biochemical recurrence after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for localized prostate cancer. Patients and methods Of 1197 patients undergoing RRP we identified those with biochemical recurrence and who had also had a bone scan. Biochemical recurrence was defined as a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of > or = 0.4 ng/mL. Patients with indeterminate bone scan findings and those in whom the interval between the PSA test and the bone scan was >3 months were excluded. Patient age, PSA level and other relevant pathological details were recorded. Clinical symptoms at the time of bone scan, androgen deprivation after RRP, bone scintigram details and time to recurrence were documented. Results Of the 1197 patients, 153 (12.8%) had a biochemical recurrence and 35 (23%) of these had a total of 44 bone scans taken over a mean (sd) follow-up of 70.4 (35.6) months; 34 (77%) bone scans were negative (group 1) and 10 (33%) positive (group 2). In group 1 the mean PSA at the bone scan was 5.2 ng/mL; 76% of the patients had a PSA of 7 ng/mL. The only significant difference between the groups was the PSA at the time of the bone scan (P Conclusion Bone scintigraphy is a sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting prostate cancer metastases to bone. A bone scan in patients with a serum PSA of or = 20 ng/mL is. The presence of skeletal symptoms or a PSA level of >7 ng/mL should prompt the clinician to obtain a bone scintigram.
Do Past U.S. Acts Constitute Terrorism? Implications for Counterterrorism Policy

Internationally, there are more than 100 different definitions of terrorism, and even within the U.S. government, there are multiple standards. This lack of consistency has helped fuel a heated debate between the West and Islamic extremists about who is truly terrorizing whom. This article evaluates charges that several past U.S. acts constitute terrorism and makes specific recommendations for how the current administration should address this problematic issue in order to increase U.S. legitimacy worldwide and help it win the war of ideas. It appears that the best approach may be for leaders to admit that the United States has engaged in terrorist-like behavior in the past, but condemn such actions as unfortunate and vow that they will not be repeated. This strategy would be similar to the President’s public statements regarding past acts of U.S. torture, and would still allow for significant differences between the United States and terrorist organizations in their respect for international humanitarian law.
Novel wound management system reduction of surgical site morbidity after ventral hernia repairs: a critical analysis.

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic incisional negative-pressure wound therapy use after ventral hernia repairs (VHRs) remains controversial. We assessed the impact of a modified negative-pressure wound therapy system (hybrid-VAC or HVAC) on outcomes of open VHR. METHODS: A 5-year retrospective analysis of all VHRs performed by a single surgeon at a single institution compared outcomes after HVAC versus standard wound dressings. Multivariable logistic regression compared surgical site infections, surgical site occurrences, morbidity, and reoperation rates. RESULTS: We evaluated 199 patients (115 HVAC vs 84 standard wound dressing patients). Mean follow-up was 9 months. The HVAC cohort had lower surgical site infections (9% vs 32%, P , .001) and surgical site occurrences (17% vs 42%, P 5 .001) rates. Rates of major morbidity (19% vs 31%, P 5 .04) and 90-day reoperation (5% vs 14%, P 5 .02) were lower in the HVAC cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The HVAC system is associated with optimized outcomes following open VHR. Prospective studies should validate these findings and define the economic implications of this intervention.
Stator current analysis for bearing damage detection in induction motors

This paper presents experimental results for diagnosing faults in bearings with different raceway defects via motor current spectral analysis. This is an important contribution since experimental results for bearings with inner race faults are extremely sparse in the literature. This research indicates that detecting these fault frequencies in the motor current is significantly more difficult than detecting them in the motor vibration. Specifically, inner race faults are very difficult to detect by searching for their signatures in the current. This paper also shows that it is not easy to compare different bearings of the same type or even the same bearing in different installations, which makes it difficult to determine the sensitivity of current-based bearing fault detection. For this reason, the use of wider frequency ranges is suggested for current-based detection.
Recurrent correlation associative memories

A model for a class of high-capacity associative memories is presented. Since they are based on two-layer recurrent neural networks and their operations depend on the correlation measure, these associative memories are called recurrent correlation associative memories (RCAMs). The RCAMs are shown to be asymptotically stable in both synchronous and asynchronous (sequential) update modes as long as their weighting functions are continuous and monotone nondecreasing. In particular, a high-capacity RCAM named the exponential correlation associative memory (ECAM) is proposed. The asymptotic storage capacity of the ECAM scales exponentially with the length of memory patterns, and it meets the ultimate upper bound for the capacity of associative memories. The asymptotic storage capacity of the ECAM with limited dynamic range in its exponentiation nodes is found to be proportional to that dynamic range. Design and fabrication of a 3-mm CMOS ECAM chip is reported. The prototype chip can store 32 24-bit memory patterns, and its speed is higher than one associative recall operation every 3 mu s. An application of the ECAM chip to vector quantization is also described. >
Unexpected subtilisin-catalyzed hydrolysis of a sulfinamide bond in preference to a carboxamide bond in N-acyl sulfinamides.

Subtilisin Carlsberg-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-chloroacetyl p-toluenesulfinamide favored cleavage of the sulfinamide (S(O)−N) bond with a minor amount (∼25%) of the expected carboxamide (C(O)−N) bond. The sulfinamide hydrolysis was enantioselective (E ∼ 17) and yielded remaining starting material enriched in the R-enantiomer and achiral product, sulfinic acid and chloroacetamide, as confirmed by mass spectra and NMR. In contrast, the related subtilisin BPN‘ and E favored the carboxamide hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of the pseudo-symmetrical N-p-toluoyl p-toluenesulfinamide, which contains a sulfinamide and a carboxamide in similar steric and electronic environments, gave only sulfinamide cleavage (>10:1) for subtilisin Carlsberg, showing that sulfinamide cleavage is the preferred path even when a similar carboxamide is available.
Selecting Promising Treatments in Randomized Phase II Cancer Trials with an Active Control

The primary objective of Phase II cancer trials is to evaluate the potential efficacy of a new regimen in terms of its antitumor activity in a given type of cancer. Due to advances in oncology therapeutics and heterogeneity in the patient population, such evaluation can be interpreted objectively only in the presence of a prospective control group of an active standard treatment. This paper deals with the design problem of Phase II selection trials in which several experimental regimens are compared to an active control, with an objective to identify an experimental arm that is more effective than the control or to declare futility if no such treatment exists. Conducting a multi-arm randomized selection trial is a useful strategy to prioritize experimental treatments for further testing when many candidates are available, but the sample size required in such a trial with an active control could raise feasibility concerns. In this study, we extend the sequential probability ratio test for normal observatio...
Femtosecond Dynamics of Photo-Generated Carriers in Amorphous Hydrogenated Germanium

Femtosecond pump and probe technique with 2eV photons was applied to study ultrafast dynamics of photocarriers in high quality a-Ge:H varying the carrier densities over three orders (1018−1021cm3). Photoinduced changes in the complex dielectric constant ∈1 + i∈2 were calculated from the measured changes in reflectivity ∆R and transmission ∆T. The results are interpreted using a model based on absorption saturation of interband transitions and polarization produced by free carriers. The intensity dependence of the decays in ∆∈1 and ∆∈2 suggests that they are primarily due to a non-monomolecular recombination process.
SRAM design on 65nm CMOS technology with integrated leakage reduction scheme

A 4Mb SRAM is designed and fabricated on a 65nm CMOS technology. It features a 0.57 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6T cell with large noise margin down to 0.7V for low-voltage operation. The fully synchronized subarray contains an integrated leakage reduction scheme with sleep transistor. It also has a built-in programmable defect "screen" circuit for high volume manufacturing.
Unique white dwarfs accompanying recycled pulsars

Knowledge of the properties of the white-dwarf companions of radio pulsars can provide unique constraints on the characteristics and evolution of these binaries, as well as on those of its constituents. Many white-dwarf properties can be determined accurately from their spectra, but for the very faint pulsar companions spectroscopy has only become feasible with the advent of large telescopes like the Keck. Here, I introduce the two classes of pulsar, white-dwarf binaries, and describe for each what we have learned from a specific system, PSR J1012+5307 and PSR B0655+64, respectively, summarising what has been done (Van Kerkwijk & Kulkarni 1995; Van Kerkwijk, Bergeron, & Kulkarni 1996; hereafter Papers I & II), presenting new results, and discussing what the future may hold.
Diagnosis and Treatment Planning for Families

Family counseling has been growing in use and influence for more than 50 years. Research indicates that couples and family counseling is more effective than individual counseling in the treatment of family concerns (Frances et al., 1984). Most counselors today include family counseling in their repertoire of skills and, even if engaged in individual counseling, obtain information on their client’s family of origin and current family. Family counseling theory not only offers a variety of approaches for helping families, but also provides a framework for understanding individuals in a family context. In a way, then, family counseling is a point of view, useful in the diagnosis and treatment of individuals as well as couples and families.
Transient Detection With Cross Wavelet Transforms and Wavelet Coherence

Effective detection of unknown, transient oscillations in strong, colored, time varying noise and clutter has remained a signal processing challenge. Recently we presented a self-normalized wavelet detector for this purpose. Here, we revisit this detection problem for the case of a tapered, complex, transient oscillation observed coherently in two time series. We develop and compare three detectors based on the following: 1) the self-normalized Morlet cross wavelet spectrum (NCM); 2) the normalized cross discrete wavelet transforms (DWT), extended from Wang and Willet's DWT power law detector (NCDWT3); and 3) wavelet coherence (WCOH). Each detector normalizes the cross wavelet spectrum to perform a binary hypothesis test for noise only. Simulated receiver operating curves for complex tapered transient oscillations in colored, slowly time varying, Gaussian noise and 60dB low frequency clutter are included for the three detector types and for one based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) (NCFFT3) for comparison. Without clutter, detection rates at 0.1% false alarm rates for a (signal on) signal to noise ratio of 0.5 are: 99.4%, 99.1%, 97.0% and 96.3% for the NCFFT3, NCM, WCOH, and NCDWT3 detectors, respectively. When 60 dB clutter is present, the NCM and WCOH detection rates were unchanged, but the NCFFT3 and NCDWT3 detectors became ineffective
Design of risk-sensitive optimal control for stochastic recurrent neural networks by using Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation

This paper presents a theoretical design for the stabilization of stochastic recurrent neural networks with respect to a risk-sensitive optimality criterion. This approach is developed by using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, Lyapunov technique, and inverse optimality, to obtain a risk-sensitive state feedback controller, which guarantees an achievable meaningful cost for a given risk-sensitivity parameter. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Ketomethylureas. A new class of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.

AbstractThe design rationale for a new series of tripeptide derived angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which we term “ketomethylureas”, is described. Analogs of tripeptide substrates (i.e. N-benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro) in which the nitrogen atom of the scissile amide bond and the adjacent asymmetric carbon atom of the penultimate amino acid residue are formally transposed give rise to this novel class of inhibitors. The most potent ketomethylureas inhibit ACE wtih I50 values in the nM range.
Effect of Payer Status on Relative Survival of Patients with Laryngeal Cancer

Background Relative survival (RS) for patients with laryngeal cancer in the US population has yet to be described. Additionally, survival of patients with laryngeal cancer has demonstrated socioeconomic and racial disparities which have not been previously examined through the lens of RS. Materials and methods Data on 58,814 patients with laryngeal cancer were obtained from the National Cancer Database. Patients were diagnosed between 1998 and 2006, and had at least 5 years of follow-up. Birth-, year-, age-, sex- and race-specific matched life expectancies were used to estimate expected survival. Stage-stratified RS rates were calculated with multiple factors assessed for significance. Excess mortality ratios were estimated in multivariate analysis utilizing Poisson regression. Results Younger age, African-American race, uninsured or Medicaid insurance, and treatment at an academic center were all significantly associated with stage IV disease. Uninsured and Medicaid patients demonstrated decreased RS when compared to privately insured individuals. Excess mortality was markedly pronounced in the first year for patients over 50 years old with stage II-IV disease, especially for the over 75-year-old cohort. Conclusion Survival disparities for uninsured and Medicaid populations were found, with these patients exhibiting increased excess mortality. Additionally, RS calculations highlight the negative effects of increasing age on survival of patients with laryngeal cancer.
Near misses and unsafe conditions reported in a Pediatric Emergency Research Network

Objective Patient safety may be enhanced by using reports from front-line staff of near misses and unsafe conditions to identify latent safety events. We describe paediatric emergency department (ED) near-miss events and unsafe conditions from hospital reporting systems in a 1-year observational study from hospitals participating in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN). Design This is a secondary analysis of 1 year of incident reports (IRs) from 18 EDs in 2007–2008. Using a prior taxonomy and established method, this analysis is of all reports classified as near-miss (events not reaching the patient) or unsafe condition. Classification included type, severity, contributing factors and personnel involved. In-depth review of 20% of IRs was performed. Results 487 reports (16.8% of eligible IRs) are included. Most common were medication-related, followed by laboratory-related, radiology-related and process-related IRs. Human factors issues were related to 87% and equipment issues to 11%. Human factor issues related to non-compliance with procedures accounted for 66.4%, including 5.95% with no or incorrect ID. Handoff issues were important in 11.5%. Conclusions Medication and process-related issues are important causes of near miss and unsafe conditions in the network. Human factors issues were highly reported and non-compliance with established procedures was very common, and calculation issues, communications (ie, handoffs) and clinical judgment were also important. This work should enable us to help improve systems within the environment of the ED to enhance patient safety in the future.
Acute hemoperitoneum in an alcoholic man with ascites

(1995). Acute Hemoperitoneum in an Alcoholic Man with Ascites. Hospital Practice: Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 16G-16G.
Primary cesarean section and adverse delivery outcomes among women of very advanced maternal age.

To assess associations between primary cesarean delivery and adverse delivery outcomes with very advanced maternal age. We conducted a population-based cohort study including 78 880 births to mothers 25 years and older with singleton births from 2003 to 2012 using Washington State birth certificates and hospital discharge data, excluding births to women with a prior cesarean section. The primary outcome was mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes included maternal transfusion, chorioamnionitis, severe perineal lacerations and prolonged length of stay. Outcomes of births to women of advanced maternal age (35 to 39, 40 to 44) and very advanced maternal age (45 to 49, ⩾50) were compared with referent births among women aged 25 to 34 years. General linear models with a log-link function were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Proportions and risks of primary cesarean section increased with age (25 to 34 years, referent: 20.0%; 35 to 39 years: 25.9%, relative risk (RR)=1.25 (95% CI=1.20 to 1.29); 40 to 44 years: 30.9%, RR=1.45 (95% CI=1.40 to 1.50); 45 to 49 years: 35.7%, RR=1.59 (95% CI=1.45 to 1.75); and ⩾50 years: 60.7%, RR=2.44 (95% CI=1.95 to 3.05); P-trend <0.001). Associations did not differ between primiparous and multiparous women. No differences were noted for measures of maternal morbidity, except there was a trend of increasing risk of prolonged length of stay among births to older women (P-trend <0.001). Primary cesarean delivery risk continues to increase above age 35 regardless of prior vaginal birth, with the highest risk among women aged 50 years and older.
Synchytrium Decipiens and Synchytrium Chrysosplenii

(1946). Synchytrium Decipiens and Synchytrium Chrysosplenii. Mycologia: Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 300-305.
A novel iliotibial band and gluteus maximus tenodesis for the treatment of external coxa saltas in a patient with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

We report a unique surgical treatment for external coxa saltans refractory to previous open and endoscopic management in a patient with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. After failure of two endoscopic iliotibial band (ITB) lengthenings and one open gluteus maximus (GMax) lengthening, a novel procedure was conducted, which involved release of the GMax insertion and tenodesis of the anterior and posterior portions of the ITB to prevent pathologic translation over the trochanter.
Use of biochemical indices in the management of high risk obstetric patients.

Introduction of techniques of control of placental hormone synthesis and metabolism into clinical practice without their thorough evaluation has repeatedly raised questions concerning the real value of these methods in detecting and managing high risk pregnancies. Information on the biochemical assessment of fetal well-being is reviewed and updated.
If Someone Asked, I’d Participate Teachers as Recruiters for Political and Civic Participation

Whereas much has been written about the role of resources and motivation for activating adolescents to become engaged citizens, less work considers the role that recruitment within schools might pl...
Invited Commentary: Epipericardial fat necrosis: a unique clinicoradiologic disease.

In 1957, Jackson and colleagues (1) provided the first report on what they and subsequent authors called pericardial fat necrosis. In 2005, however, Pineda and associates (2) pointed out that the necrosis occurs in the mediastinal fat adjacent to the parietal pericardium and not between the two pericardial layers. Accordingly, they believed that the term “pericardial fat” is a misnomer and that it should be replaced by “epipericardial fat.” In 2013, Bhatt and coauthors (3) proposed “mediastinal fat,” because the lesion characteristically occurs in the mediastinum outside the pericardium. They also noted that mediastinal fat extends at times into the adjacent interlobar fissures, which explained the location of the necrosis in one of their two patients. In this commentary, I will use the term epipericardial fat necrosis (EPFN).
The Presence of History in Post-Apartheid South Africa

South Africa – The Present as History promises, as the work of two prominent academics – John Saul and Patrick Bond – an exciting and penetrating analysis of South African history and contemporary ...
Voice into acting: integrating voice and the Stanislavski approach

Voice into Acting: Integrating voice and the Stanislavski approach is a thorough and detailed resource grounded in the view that “voice work must become acting work and acting work become voice wor...
Informing rational design of graphene oxide through surface chemistry manipulations: properties governing electrochemical and biological activities

It is increasingly realized that rational design is critical to advance potential applications and proactively preclude adverse consequences of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). Central to this approach is the establishment of parametric relationships that correlate material properties to both their functional performance and inherent hazard. This work aims to decouple the causative mechanisms of material structure and surface chemistry as it relates to the electrochemical and biological activities of graphene oxide (GO). The results are evaluated in the context of established relationships between surface chemistry and oxygen functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs), a carbon allotrope. Systematic manipulation of GO surface chemistry is achieved through thermal annealing (under inert conditions, 200–900 °C). To further elucidate the contribution of several properties, chemical reduction was also used as an approach to differentially modify the surface chemistry. Physicochemical properties of GO and reduced GO (rGO) samples were comprehensively characterized using multiple techniques (AFM, TGA, XPS, ATR-FTIR, Raman, and DLS). The results indicate that surface chemistry is a viable design handle to control both activities. Rather than a single direct property (i.e., relative presence of carbonyl-containing moieties), it is a balance of multiple consequential properties, (extent of dispersion, defect density, and electrical conductivity) in combination with the relative presence of carbonyl moieties that synergistically contribute to electrochemical and biological activities. The identification of these governing physicochemical properties aims to inform the establishment of design parameters to guide the rational and safe design of CNMs.
Organizational Culture Requirements for High Levels of Knowledge Usage From Learning Activities Among Hotel Managers

ABSTRACTThe goal of the present study was to determine the learning culture factors important to high levels of knowledge usage at work among hotel managers. Hence, 121 managers from 41 hotels on the island of Jamaica were surveyed and the data analyzed using correlational analysis. The researchers found that as learning culture at work strengthened, so did the extent to which the hotel managers used knowledge acquired from their education, training, experience, and networking to solve problems and innovate on the job. The researchers also found six learning culture characteristics important to high levels of knowledge usage among the managers, with the most noteworthy being interdepartmental collaborations.
Chitin in Rubber Based Blends and Micro Composites

The rubber based composites have inspired tremendous research interests due to unique mechanical properties. This chapter presents a brief introduction on chitin and their rubber based blends and micro composites. A concise literature review is introduced including rubber based composites, chitin and its derivatives. In addition, a comprehensive overview of rubber based blends and micro composites and their basic properties have been discussed. Three fabrication methods have been mainly summarized consisting of two roll mill mixing, latex compounding and freeze drying method. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives in the near future are also discussed.
Lead Poisoning and Children in Foster Care: Diagnosis and Management Challenges.

Children living in foster care face daunting challenges to their health and development, despite the best intentions of foster parents dedicated to their care. Often children in the foster care system bring with them the cumulative adverse effects of living previously in high-risk families with parents often suffering from mental illness and/or alcohol and substance abuse. Their lives are often disrupted by circumstances of abuse and neglect. The health needs of young children at the time of foster care placement have been well documented1-3; but few have discussed lead poisoning. Prior studies do not mention the screening of children being placed in foster care for childhood lead poisoning, even though these children are at high risk for lead poisoning.4,5 Once children of preschool age with elevated blood lead levels (eBLL) are placed into foster care, or after they are discovered to have an eBLL while living in foster care, the community-based services available to manage this exposure are often variable and sometimes inadequate. The aim is to develop multi-pronged approach to the screening, diagnosis, and management of childhood lead poisoning in this population to ensure that they are afforded the same opportunities as are other children. We report here 3 recent cases referred to the Boston Children’s Hospital Pediatric Environmental Health Center (PEHC) for management of childhood lead poisoning, as illustrative of the health challenges faced by these children and their foster families.
Risk of plate removal in free flap reconstruction of the mandible

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the factors associated with need for removal of fixation plates in mandibular free flap reconstruction. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis reviews patients undergoing mandibular free flap reconstruction at a tertiary care center from 2005 to 2016. Patients requiring removal of fixation plates were identified through electronic medical records. Factors including demographics, adjuvant therapy, surgical site infection (SSI) and fistula rates were compared. Removal rates based on flap type were determined. Results Between 2004 and 2016, 307 patients underwent osteocutaneous mandibular free flap reconstruction. 83 required removal of their fixation plates (27%). Age, tobacco use, and BMI were similar between patients requiring removal versus not requiring removal. Primary indications for removal were plate exposure (n = 41), and/or chronic drainage (n = 31), infection (n = 25), and pain (n = 17). Patients undergoing removal were significantly more likely to have had adjuvant radiation therapy (OR 2.09, CI 1.82–3.81), surgical site infection (OR 13.9, CI 5.15–43.2), and post-operative fistula (OR 13.0, 6.85–24.8). 35% of all fibula flaps (n = 52), 21% of osteocutaneous radial forearm (n = 21), and 11% of osteocutaneous scapular flaps (n = 6) required removal. 90% of patients (n = 75) had resolution of their symptoms following hardware removal. Conclusion Surgical site infection and fistula are strongly associated with the need for plate removal. Fibular free flaps carry the highest rate of plate removal. Plate removal leads to resolution of plate-associated symptoms in a majority of cases.
Accelerated apprenticeship: teaching data science problem solving skills at scale

It often takes years of hands-on practice to build operational problem solving skills for a data scientist to be sufficiently competent to tackle real world problems. In this research, we explore a new scalable technology-enhanced learning (TEL) platform that enables accelerated apprenticeship process via a repository of caselets - small but focused case studies with scaffolding questions and feedback. In this paper, we report rationales of the design, caselet authoring process, and the planned experiment with cohorts of students who will use caselets while taking graduate level data science courses.
Cytoarchitectonic and Connectional Organization of the Lacertilian Telencephalon with Comments on Vertebrate Forebrain Evolution

Two assumptions regarding nonmammalian vertebrates have long been held to be true. The first of these is that nonmammals, as opposed to mammals, behave in stereotyped ways and have little capacity to modify their behavior through learning. The second assumption is that nonmammals are “lower” vertebrates, representing evolutionary stages that gave rise to the “higher” vertebrates, i.e., mammals. Both of these assumptions suggest that the brains of nonmammalian vertebrates (1) are much more simply organized than the brains of mammals and (2) lack any structures which would be comparable to the “higher” (different usage than above but not easily definable) centers of mammalian brains, such as the cerebral neocortex. Thus there would seem to be little reason to study the organization of nonmammalian brains other than out of historical, evolutionary interest.
Retinal Circulatory Abnormalities in Type 1 Diabetes

Purpose. To quantify retinal circulatory abnormalities in patients with type 1 diabetes; to compare blood speed and blood flow in major temporal retinal arteries as well as total retinal arterial cross-section measured in patients to that measured in controls without diabetes; to determine which factors are related to the measured abnormalities within the patient group. Methods. The laser Doppler technique and monochromatic fundus photography were used to measure retinal circulatory parameters in 39 patients with type 1 diabetes with duration of diabetes between 7 and 20 years and 13 age-matched controls without diabetes. Blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and heart rate were measured in all subjects. Glycosylated hemoglobin was measured in the patients. Retinopathy was assessed using standardized color fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. Results. Total retinal arterial cross-section was, on average, 17% higher (P = 0.007) in the patients than in the controls, and it increased with increasing duration of diabetes (P = 0.006). Arterial blood speed was, on average, 33% lower (P = 0.0001) in the patients than in the controls, and it decreased with increasing duration of diabetes (P = 0.03). Conclusions. The retinal circulation of patients with type 1 diabetes with no retinopathy or background retinopathy is characterized by dilated major arteries with reduced blood speeds. Dilation of the larger retinal arteries, with the accompanying decrease in vascular resistance to flow in those vessels, appears to counteract an increase in resistance to flow at the level of the smaller retinal vessels. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:2968-2975. V>«irculatory abnormalities in the diabetic retina are primarily influenced by changes in the resistance to flow through the retinal vascular network. Changes in resistance occur when vessels are either dilated or obstructed, or when blood rheologic properties are altered. There is evidence that each of these abnormalities occurs both before and during the development of clinically observable diabetic retinopathy. 1 Nonperfusion and obliteration of small blood vessels is a clinically observable feature of diabetic retinopathy that begins at an early stage. It is seen histologically as an increased prevalence of acellular capillaries. These acellular capillaries, which initially occur singly or in small groups, subsequently occur in larger clusters and are associated with atrophic arterioles. 2 As areas
Definition of Learning and Attention Disabilities

People working in the realm of learning and attention disabilities need, at the least, a straightforward scheme to keep life simple. Consider, then, that there are basically three types of learning problems: 1. Chronic learning insufficiencies: Global deficiencies affecting all areas of learning—for example, mental retardation. 2. Transient learning “glitches”: sporadic roadblocks to learning that occur every now and then and eventually are overcome with or without the assistance of a teacher — for example, “I just don’t understand fractions.” 3. Learning inefficiencies: long-term (greater than six months) attentional problems and/or classroom performance difficulties manifested by attentional deficits or a slow rate of skill acquisition in one or more academic or social learning areas despite normal intelligence. This large group includes those entities that are the subject of this book: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD).
Quantitative Ultrasonic NDE with Models

In previous chapters we have shown that it is possible to model or measure all the important factors that enter into an ultrasonic NDE measurement setup. These ultrasonic measurement models (and similar models that are being developed for other techniques such as eddy currents and x-rays [1]) are forming the basis for a new, quantitative NDE technology where entire NDE tests can be simulated and test parameters (including those associated with flaws) can be manipulated for engineering design and analysis purposes. This new technology has a number of important practical applications. For example, models are important in applications where one wants to guarantee the sensitivity of a given NDE measurement setup. Typically, in the past this has involved the very costly process of (a) manufacturing flawed calibration specimens that closely mimic the material and other conditions of the actual setup, and (b) carefully specifying the test procedures so that variations due to different pulser/receiver and transducer choices and settings can be minimized. However, with a model-based approach, it is possible to develop calibration procedures that are independent of a particular measurement setup and also transferable across different materials and geometries, making multiple calibration samples unnecessary.
Polymerization of Microtubule Proteins from Antarctic Fish

Microtubules are a major component of the cytoskeleton of most eukaryotic cells. They participate in many fundamental processes, including mitosis, nerve growth and regeneration, the intracellular transport of organelles, and the determination of cell shape. The formation of microtubules from their subunit proteins, tubulin αβ dimers and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), is an entropically driven process that is favored by high temperatures (Correia and Williams 1983). For example, the microtubule proteins of mammals and birds polymerize to yield microtubules at temperatures near 37 °C, but these polymers are “cold-labile”; they disassemble to their subunits at low temperatures (0–4 °C). How, then, do the microtubules of cold-living poikilotherms (e.g., the fish of the antarctic marine ecosystem) assemble and function at body temperatures as low as −1.9 °C?
Madness and the Romantic Poet: A Critical History / John Clare: Nature, Criticism and History

Over thirty years ago, while I was writing my dissertation, I met a well-known senior scholar at a conference. He politely inquired what I was writing about and when I answered, “John Clare,” he re...
Exhaust Noise Green's Function in Turbofan Jet Engines with an External Centerbody

The problem of propagation of sound across the shear layer in a turbofan jet exhaust with an external centerbody is discussed. The wave equation of interest is the compressible Rayleigh equation. T...
Fundamentals of Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry: The Science and Art of Conducting, Evaluating, and Using Research

How to think about, conduct, and evaluate research is fundamental to the study and understanding of criminology and criminal justice. Students take methods, statistics, theory, and topic-specific classes, but they struggle to integrate what they learn and to see how it fits within the broader field of criminology and criminal justice research. This book directly tackles this problem by helping students to develop a 'researcher sensibility', and demonstrates how the 'nuts and bolts' of criminal justice research - including research design, theory, data, and analysis - are and can be combined. Relying on numerous real-world examples and illustrations, this book reveals how anyone can 'think like a researcher'. It reveals, too, why that ability is critical for being a savvy producer or consumer of criminological and criminal justice research.
Policy-failing: a repealed right to shelter

In 1984 voters in Washington, D.C.approved an initiative to guarantee overnight shelter. The city was one of the first jurisdictions in the world to legislate aright to shelter and, to this day, th...
Power Analysis on the Intel® Xeon Phi™ Coprocessor

Power has become the limiting factor for scaling many HPC clusters today. We can plug in as many compute nodes as are available, but we may be limited in how many we can supply with enough power. We are limited by the electrical power for which a data center has been outfitted. Some cluster installations today are running upwards of 20,000,000 W (20 MW) of power to run HPC problems at a very large scale. These clusters are all limited in scaling because of the power capacity available to a data center. Power is taking center stage as a key problem we must address in order to scale a cluster to new levels of high performance. There is an HPC industry-standard benchmark for ranking cluster power efficiency called the Green 500 List which is published biannually at www.green500.org .