cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Redefining Democracy and Political Assertiveness: A Constructivist Exposition of European Populism

Liberal democracy is hailed as one of the finest systems of government; it allows for differences of political views, and hence, the incursion of radical views punctuates political landscapes all over the world. The assertiveness of contemporary European populism exemplifies the embedded permissiveness of democracy, though such tolerance paves the way for populist political rhetoric geared at further breaking already ruptured socialisation structures. The strength of contemporary European populism can be fairly explicated through a constructivist prism. In addition to contributing to socialisation breakdown, populism has demonstrated how socially constructed narratives can redefine democracy, cause political infection, and create a new normal. Populism also proves that European electorates are rational political consumers, rational enough to change loyalty and accommodate a new political product.
Plato read Moses and (Mis-)Understood: The Middle Platonic Context in Which the Creatio Ex Nihilo Doctrine Was Devised

Many Christian thinkers of the first centuries after Christ believed – or apologetically postulated – that Plato would have read Moses, because, in his dialogue Timaeus , Plato included the biblical doctrine of the creation of the world. Some of them claimed that Plato understood what he read in Moses’ writings, while others held that Plato did not really understand Moses, since Plato taught that the world was made of ungenerated matter. Both analyses fit into a broader context: the discussion among Middle Platonists surrounding the literal and allegorical interpretations of Timaeus . It is in this framework that the doctrine of the creation of the world from nothing ( ex nihilo ) appeared. The purpose of this article is to lay out the philosophical discussion about the origin of the world as it developed between the first and third centuries AD. In connection with this, we test the thesis of Gerhard May in his monograph Creatio ex nihilo , which claims that the doctrine of creation from nothing was established in the theology of the Church only after Christian thinkers perceived the destructive influence of Plato’s cosmological theories, which had led to the rise of Gnosticism.
Democracy Online : The Prospects for Political Renewal Through the Internet

Part 1: The Potential for Democratic Technologies and New Political Practices 1. Technologies for Democracy 2. Cyberjuries: A Model of Deliberative Democracy? 3. Electronic Media and the Prospects for Transnational Democracy: Cyberspace as a cosmopolitan public sphere Part 2: Electronic Democracy and Democratic Revitalization 4. The Electronic Federalist: The Internet and the eclectic institutionalization of democratic legitimacy 5. Global Governance and Electronic Democracy: e-Politics as a multidimensional experience 6. Interactivity, Equality, and the Prospects for Electronic Democracy 7. Online Deliberation: Possibilities of the Internet for deliberative democracy 8. Hacktivism and the Future of Democratic Discourse 9. Getting Past Electronic Democracy Part 3: The Lessons of Electronic Democracy Practice 10. Digital Deliberation: Engaging the public through online policy dialogues 11. Participation, Deliberative Democracy and The Internet: Lessons from a national forum on commercial vehicle safety 12. Internet-based Political Discourse: A case-study of electronic democracy in the city of Hoogeveen 13. The League of Women Voters DemocracyNet (DNet): An exercise in online civic engagement Part 4: Social, Psychological and Political Contexts for Electronic Democracy 14. A Tale of Two Towns: Assessing the role of political resources in a community electronic network 15. Virtual Distance and America's Changing Sense of Community 16. Access, Skill, and Motivation In Online Political Discussion: The democratic digital divide 17. Virtual Deliberation: Knowledge from online interaction versus ordinary discussion 18. The Challenges of E-Democracy for Political Parties 19. Social Structure and Cyberspace: Towards a theory Part 5: Conclusion 20. The Prospects for Electronic Democracy: A research manifesto
Retrospective review of cell doses in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant and associated outcomes

Background & Aim Hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant (HCT) products are routinely analyzed for infused dose of CD3+ T cells and CD34+ HPCs. Data on cell dose vs. patient (pt) outcomes in haploidentical (haplo) HCT are incomplete, preventing clear guidelines for dosing and storage of residual product. Some infuse a max 5-10 × 10^6 CD34+ cells/kg based on prior studies, but cutoffs haven't been investigated directly. This affects operations including collection time and freezer capacity. We analyzed cell products of haplo HCT pts at Ohio State University (OSU) to correlate to pt outcomes and identify cutoffs for cell dose. Methods, Results & Conclusion 845 pts underwent allo HCT at OSU from 2011-2019, 87 were haplo HCT. We excluded pts with ex vivo product manipulation, and pts undergoing 2nd HCT. Kaplan Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the effect of cell dose on outcomes. 79 pts met criteria. 47 underwent haplo HCT with an HPC, Marrow (HPC,M) product; 32 with a mobilized HPC, Apheresis (HPC,A) product. HPC,M pts were separated into 2 groups by a median CD34+ cell dose. The low dose group received 1.1-3.6 × 10^6 CD34/kg compared to 3.7-8.1 × 10^6 CD34/kg in high dose. No significant differences in acute GVHD (aGVHD), chronic GVHD (cGVHD), relapse, progression free survival (PFS) nor overall survival (OS) were found. Analysis of HPC,M CD3+ cell dose found no differences. HPC-A pts were separated by Lo (3.7-8.3 × 10^6) vs Hi (8.04-10.9 × 10^6) CD34/kg and Lo (0.8-2.1 × 10^8) vs Hi (2.1-4.4 × 10^8) CD3/kg. We found no statistically significant differences between groups, but noted some interesting trends. The Hi CD34 group trended towards better OS w/ a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.13 compared to the Lo CD34 group (p=0.06), and better PFS (HR 0.27, p=0.07). Analyzed as a continuous variable, 1 × 10^8 CD3/kg increase in HPC,A was associated with reduction in relapse (HR 0.14, p=0.01), and trended towards improved PFS (HR 0.4, p=0.08) but increased risk of aGVHD (HR 1.5, p=0.07). Our analysis, though underpowered, showed recipients of haplo peripheral blood grafts had lower relapse rate with higher CD3+ dose and a trend towards improved OS and PFS with higher CD34+ dose. We will verify and study these findings in a larger cohort via the CIBMTR database. In this way we hope further standardize cell collection, infusion and storage protocols and maximize patient safety.
Aquinas on Tyranny in the Regime of Princes and in the Summa Theologica

Aquinas on Tyranny in the Regime of Princes and in the Summa Theologica. Tyranny is a matter of degree; if it is not excessive, it should be tolerated. The tyrant who usurps power and fails to govern for the benefit of all, may be killed, and his killer will be honored.
Motor, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Skills Among Children With Disabilities Over Time

Preschoolers demonstrate rapid growth in motor, cognitive, and socioemotional (SE) skills. The Early Childhood Longitude Study–Birth Cohort was used to investigate the discrepancy in fine motor, gr...
Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Immunoglobulin G-Associated Disorder.

This cohort study reports outcomes of long-term follow-up in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disorder.
An Atoh1 CRE Knock-In Mouse Labels Motor Neurons Involved in Fine Motor Control.

Abstract Motor neurons (MNs) innervating the digit muscles of the intrinsic hand (IH) and intrinsic foot (IF) control fine motor movements. The ability to reproducibly label specifically IH and IF MNs in mice would be a beneficial tool for studies focused on fine motor control. To this end, we find that a CRE knock-in mouse line of Atoh1, a developmentally expressed basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, reliably expresses CRE-dependent reporter genes in ∼60% of the IH and IF MNs. We determine that CRE-dependent expression in IH and IF MNs is ectopic because an Atoh1 mouse line driving FLPo recombinase does not label these MNs although other Atoh1-lineage neurons in the intermediate spinal cord are reliably identified. Furthermore, the CRE-dependent reporter expression is enriched in the IH and IF MN pools with much sparser labeling of other limb-innervating MN pools such as the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GS), quadricep (Q), and adductor (Ad). Lastly, we find that ectopic reporter expression begins postnatally and labels a mixture of α and γ-MNs. Altogether, the Atoh1 CRE knock-in mouse strain might be a useful tool to explore the function and connectivity of MNs involved in fine motor control when combined with other genetic or viral strategies that can restrict labeling specifically to the IH and IF MNs. Accordingly, we provide an example of sparse labeling of IH and IF MNs using an intersectional genetic approach.
Deep-learning-aided forward optical coherence tomography endoscope for percutaneous nephrostomy guidance

Percutaneous renal access is the critical initial step in many medical settings. In order to obtain the best surgical outcome with minimum patient morbidity, an improved method for access to the renal calyx is needed. In our study, we built a forward-view optical coherence tomography (OCT) endoscopic system for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) guidance. Porcine kidneys were imaged in our experiment to demonstrate the feasibility of the imaging system. Three tissue types of porcine kidneys (renal cortex, medulla, and calyx) can be clearly distinguished due to the morphological and tissue differences from the OCT endoscopic images. To further improve the guidance efficacy and reduce the learning burden of the clinical doctors, a deep-learning-based computer aided diagnosis platform was developed to automatically classify the OCT images by the renal tissue types. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) were developed with labeled OCT images based on the ResNet34, MobileNetv2 and ResNet50 architectures. Nested cross-validation and testing was used to benchmark the classification performance with uncertainty quantification over 10 kidneys, which demonstrated robust performance over substantial biological variability among kidneys. ResNet50-based CNN models achieved an average classification accuracy of 82.6%±3.0%. The classification precisions were 79%±4% for cortex, 85%±6% for medulla, and 91%±5% for calyx and the classification recalls were 68%±11% for cortex, 91%±4% for medulla, and 89%±3% for calyx. Interpretation of the CNN predictions showed the discriminative characteristics in the OCT images of the three renal tissue types. The results validated the technical feasibility of using this novel imaging platform to automatically recognize the images of renal tissue structures ahead of the PCN needle in PCN surgery.
A method for designing equal-area multi-effect evaporators

Abstract Selecting the temperature of each vessel in a multi-effect evaporator process is typically a trial-and-error procedure because a practical design specifies that the heat-transfer areas are the same in each vessel. A method for directly calculating the stage temperatures is presented in this paper for any number of stages in the series.
Current state of machine learning for non-melanoma skin cancer

Machine learning (ML) has been increasingly utilized for skin cancer screening, primarily of melanomas but also of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). This study presents the first quantitative review of the success of these techniques in NMSC screening. A primary literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and arXiv, capturing all articles involving ML techniques and NMSC screening. 52 articles were included for quantitative analysis, resulting in a mean sensitivity of 89.2% (n = 52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 87.0–91.3) and a mean specificity of 81.1% (n = 44, 95% CI 74.5–87.8) for ML algorithms in the diagnosis of NMSC. Studies were further grouped by skin cancer type, algorithm type, diagnostic gold standard, data set source, and data set size. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that an ML algorithm is superior at NMSC screening than a trained dermatologist utilizing dermoscopy for either BCC or SCC. Given that the studies included in this review were performed in silico, further study in the form of randomized clinical trials are needed to further elucidate the role of NMSC screening algorithms in dermatology.
Performance of a new, HIV/AIDS-targeted quality of life (HAT-QoL) instrument in asymptomatic seropositive individuals.

Objective: to evaluate the psychometric performance of a new human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-targeted quality of life (QoL) instrument in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals. Methods: 201 urban and rural, HIV-seropositive subjects were recruited to complete a 76-item pilot QoL measure developed using content provided in group process by seropositive individuals. Questionnaire responses from the full sample (n=201) were used to identify dimensions and to reduce the number of items to 42. The responses to the retained items were then analysed for the asymptomatic subsample (n=106). Results: 9 multi-item dimensions were identified: overall function (OF), sexual function (SF), disclosure worries (DW), health worries (HW), financial worries (FW), HIV mastery (HM), life satisfaction (LS), medication concerns (MC) and provider trust (PT). The responses by asymptomatic subjects (74% male, 64% non-White and 63% homosexual/bisexual) revealed no substantial floor or ceiling effects, except for the PT dimension (where 44% were found to have scored the highest score). The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alphas) were between 0.80 and 0.89 for six dimensions. The coefficients were lower for the SF (0.52), HM (0.67) and MC (0.48) dimensions. Construct validity assessments, using self-reported HIV disease-severity and sociodemographic variables, revealed some significant relationships (p≤0.05) for all dimensions except SF, MC and PT. Conclusions: the results suggested that five dimensions (OF, DW, HW, FW and LS) from the new instrument have good psychometric properties for asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals. These dimensions may be useful in the study of asymptomatic, seropositive individuals' QoL. Four dimensions (SF, HM, MC and PS) require additional refinement for this subpopulation.
Large-scale distribution of quasars in deep pencil-beam surveys

We have used integral two-point spatial correlation function and its second derivative to analyze the distribution of quasars in three very deep surveys published in the literature. Statistically significant ($\sim 2-3\sigma $) correlations were found at scales of $\sim 50-100h^{-1}$ Mpc in all of the analyzed surveys. We have used the friends-of-friends cluster analysis to show that these correlations can be explained by the presence of relatively small quasar clusters (3-6 objects) which may possibly belong to larger structures such as Large Quasar Groups found in the bigger surveys. The sizes of these clusters along the redshift direction and distances between them are similar to those for structures found recently in studies of CIV absorption systems. These results present further evidence for the existence of large-scale structures at redshifts $z\sim 1-2$.
Correlations between transcription of a yeast tRNA gene and transcription factor-DNA interactions.

Abstract A partly purified fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity and contains protein which binds specifically to two internal promoter regions of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes. The influence of ionic strength and of dimethyl sulfoxide on specific binding to a S. cerevisiae tRNAleu3 gene has been analyzed by DNase I protection (footprinting) and by nitrocellulose filter binding. The effects of these agents on binding correlate with their effects on transcription and on the stability of transcription complexes. Dimethyl sulfoxide stabilizes binding and transcription complexes against dissociation by NaCl, with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide compensating for the addition of 50-60 mM NaCl. Binding of protein in the 5' proximal part of the S. cerevisiae tRNAleu3 gene is more NaCl-sensitive than binding in the 3' proximal part.
Endothelin and Collecting Duct Sodium and Water Transport

The renal collecting duct (CD) produces and binds more endothelin (ET)-1 than any other region of the kidney. ET-1 has the potential to act as an autocrine regulator of CD function since ET-1 is secreted abluminally and ET receptors are located primarily on the basolateral side of the CD cell. A large number of in vitro studies have supported this notion of an autocrine function for ET-1, demonstrating that the peptide, largely through activation of the ETB receptor, inhibits both sodium (Na) and water reabsorption in the CD. The physiologic relevance of these findings has been confirmed in vivo wherein mice with CD-specific knockout of ET-1 are hypertensive on a normal Na diet and develop worsened hypertension associated with Na retention when placed on a high-Na diet. Similarly, CDET-1-deficient mice demonstrate enhanced responsiveness to vasopressin and an impaired ability to excrete an acute water load. CD-specific knockout of both ETA and ETB receptors together causes a similar hypertensive and Na-retaining phenotype. The mechanisms by which ET-1 exerts its effects on CD Na and water reabsorption are being increasingly understood. ET-1 inhibits epithelial Na channel (ENaC) activity through src- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways; channel number is also reduced by a β1Pix-dependent mechanism. In addition, nitric oxide is an important modulator of ET-1 actions on the ENaC, although the mechanism by which this occurs remains to be determined. ET-1 reduces CD water reabsorption by inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity through Gi and protein kinase C-dependent pathways, leading to a reduction in cellular cAMP levels. Taken together, these findings indicate that the CD ET system is an important physiologic regulator of systemic blood pressure and volume homeostasis.
Recovery of binocular responses by cortical neurons after early monocular lesions

A small lesion of the retina in one eye deprives normally binocular neurons in a sector of primary visual cortex of activating inputs from the lesioned eye, but not from the other, intact eye. Here we demonstrate that after monocular lesions early in life followed by years of recovery, deprived cortical neurons become robustly responsive to stimulation via new receptive fields in a zone of preserved retina around the retinal lesion, while maintaining receptive fields for the intact eye. These neurons respond similarly to comparable stimuli in two different locations, possibly producing a local diplopia or blur.
Data storage and retrieval system

The Data Storage and Retrieval System (DSRS) consists of off-the-shelf system components integrated as a file server supporting very large files. These files are on the order of one gigabyte of data per file, although smaller files on the order of one megabyte can be accommodated as well. For instance, one gigabyte of data occupies approximately six 9 track tape reels (recorded at 6250 bpi). Due to this large volume of media, it was desirable to shrink the size of the proposed media to a single portable cassette. In addition to large size, a key requirement was that the data needs to be transferred to a (VME based) workstation at very high data rates. One gigabyte (GB) of data needed to be transferred from an archiveable media on a file server to a workstation in less than 5 minutes. Equivalent size, on-line data needed to be transferred in less than 3 minutes. These requirements imply effective transfer rates on the order of four to eight megabytes per second (4-8 MB/s). The DSRS also needed to be able to send and receive data from a variety of other sources accessible from an Ethernet local area network.
The clinical criteria of brain death throughout the world: why has it come to this?

HE addition of neurological criteria of death – better known as brain death – to cardiorespiratory criteria of death was a paradigm shift which evolved when patients with acute brain injury could be resuscitated in emergency departments and intensive care units. Resuscitation of acute brain injury led to progression of devastating brain edema, shift, and eventually massive increase in intracranial pressure that would stop the blood flow at the entrance of the skull base. Multiple symposia were organized in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Australia that tried to formulate brain death on the basis of neurological criteria. Brain death examination became a prerequisite to allow organ donation, and its concept has been fully accepted. Despite widespread acceptance of the criteria, there remained great variability in how brain death criteria were codified in different parts of the world. A review of the history of neurological death is presented by Baron et al. in this issue of the Journal. 1
Inclusion and Objectivity: Helen Longino's Feminist Theory of Scientific Inquiry

In the recent past, South African President Thabo Mbeki found himself in the headlines for all the wrong reasons. In the face of the AIDS epidemic ravaging his country, his public skepticism about the cause of the disease brought new attention to the views of a small number of scientific dissidents, researchers who do not accept the mainstream scientific account of the causal role of HIV in AIDS. But Mbeki’s stance aroused widespread disapproval from representatives of the scientific mainstream, due to the very real (and potentially disastrous) consequences of this view for AIDS treatment and prevention. The dissidents hailed Mbeki for his courage in standing up to the prevailing orthodoxy and affirming their right to free inquiry; the mainstream reviled him for refusing the accept the findings of science and for endangering countless lives. Predictably, the debate became embroiled in charges of bias. The mainstream view was accused of racism and corruption by drug company money; while the dissidents were dismissed as “flat-earthers” with their own psychological or political biases.
Treatment of mechanically-induced vasospasm of the carotid artery in a primate using intra-arterial verapamil: a technical case report

Background Despite improvements in the safety and efficacy of endovascular procedures, considerable morbidity may still be attributed to vasospasm. Vasospasm has proven amenable to pharmacological intervention such as nitrates, intravenous calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and intra-arterial papaverine, particularly in small vessels. However, few studies have focused on medium to large vessel spasm. Here we report the use of an intra-arterial CCB, verapamil, to treat flow-limiting mechanically-induced spasm of the common carotid artery (CCA) in a primate. We believe this to be the first such report of its kind.
Mary Ellen Rudin and monotone normality

Abstract This paper focuses on the remarkable contributions that Mary Ellen Rudin made to the study of monotonically normal spaces.
Prostate-specific antigen expression and lipochrome pigment granules in the differential diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma versus seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct epithelium.

Abstract Background.—Lipochrome pigment granules (LPGs) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) localization have been cited as helpful adjuncts in differentiating atypical histologic patterns of seminal vesicle–ejaculatory duct (SVED) from prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, LPGs have been described in both benign and neoplastic prostatic acini, and PSA expression within the intraprostatic SVED has not been fully explored. Design.—Fifty radical prostatectomy specimens were studied for LPGs and 9 cases for PSA expression. Results.—Two morphologic types of LPGs (type 1 and type 2) were observed. The reproducibility in classifying LPGs was evaluated by κ statistics, which demonstrated a strong agreement between 4 observers. Type 1 was restricted to SVED in all 50 specimens. Type 2 was subclassified into 2A and 2B. Type 2 LPGs were observed in prostatic acini of different zones, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostatic adenocarcinoma, and occasionally with type 1 LPG in SVED. Focal reactivity for...
An analytical approach to building a technology development envelope (TDE) for roadmapping of emerging technologies: a case study of emerging electronic cooling technologies for computer servers

This paper proposes a systematic approach to help technology managers to strategically identify and select emerging technologies in which to invest in order to achieve technological competitiveness in their new product development. The combination of Delphi method and hierarchal decision model is used in building a technology development envelope (TDE) - a curve representing a series of technologies with maximum impact on company's competitiveness over time. The result of TDE can be used as strategic inputs in the company's technology roadmapping process. A specific case study of emerging electronic cooling technologies for computer servers is introduced for demonstrating the model development processes in this paper.
Alternative Decision-Making Models

Whether enforced by law and ethics or ethics alone, not all procedural principles pertain to all contexts. Even when the U.S. Supreme Court has been sure that due process applies, it has wrestled with what due process requires. It has not held that all the principles of the adversary adjudication model apply in all types of situations. The same issue arises for a moral theory of procedural justice: In what situations do the various principles of procedural justice apply?
7—FIBRE-LENGTH VARIATION IN GREASY WOOL

A study is reported in which fibre-length measurements were made on fibres withdrawn from a range of staples representing 21 sale lots of merino wool. The average variance of fibres within staples was 2.2 cm2, and the estimates fell in the range 1.2–4.8 cm2. Fibre-length variances within sale lots were estimated for six sale lots, and these ranged from 3.3 to 5.8 cm2. Both the ratio of average fibre length to staple length and the regression coefficients for these parameters varied over a wide range (e.g., from 1.1 to 1.6 for the ratios and from 0.4 to 1.0 for the regression coefficients). This variation, coupled with relatively low correlation coefficients, indicates that the use of staple length as a predictor of the average fibre length of greasy wool is inefficient. However, staple length may be a useful predictor of the average fibre length of wool tops.
On-line parameter estimation through dynamic inversion : A real-time study

This manuscript presents the first real-time implementation of a nonlinear, dynamic-inversion-based, parameter estimation method. The estimation method is implemented on a pilot-scale setup to estimate the overall heat-transfer coefficient and the rate of heat generation in a tank (electric heater power) online. In the case of the electric heater power, the estimate is compared with the actual heater power supplied to the tank, which allows evaluation of the accuracy of the parameter estimate. Excellent convergence of the estimate of the heater power to its actual value is shown. This observation indicates that the estimator is able to estimate the rate of thermal energy generated by any source inside the tank. For example, the source of this thermal energy can be chemical or nuclear reaction(s). Although the setup is very simple, it does allow one to perform estimation for a parameter whose actual value is known; such a luxury is rarely available in practice. The overall heat-transfer coefficient is estimated at different stirrer speeds. This real-time study shows that the simple inversion-based parameter estimation method is capable of providing reliable estimates in real time.
THE GROWTH-INHIBITORY EFFECT OF THE ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BACTERIOCIN ENCODED BY PAD1 EXTENDS TO THE ORAL STREPTOCOCCI

Many strains of Enterococcus faecalis, a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, elaborate a plasmid-encoded bacteriocin. The growth-inhibitory effect of this bacteriocin was observed to extend to a variety of pathogenic oral streptococci, including those that play a major role in tooth surface colonization and caries formation. These results suggest that transient colonization by bacteriocin-producing E. faecalis may effect shifts in oral colonization by susceptible organisms and that bacteriocin-producing E. faecalis may be a candidate for application in strain replacement therapy.
van der Waals interactions in sterically crowded disilenes

Abstract Since double bonded systems constituted by higher main group elements are necessarily substituted by bulky substituents, in order to protect these structures kinetically, van der Waals interactions are dominant on the resulting bonding energies. This aspect, studied in detail with different density functional methods for a variety of selected disilenes, is compared with the results of MP2 calculations. Throughout a triple-ζ basis set was used, in order to allow flexible bonding. The bonding energies in the disilenes were characterized by dissociation into singlet silylenes. For the parent disilene the equilibrium was studied in addition with CCSD calculations utilizing Dunning type basis sets. The corrections for dispersion energies on the functionals BP86, PBE, and B3LYP were at times evaluated according to the Grimme approach, and the results compared with the refit double-hybrid functional BP97-D and MP2. They are sizable for the bulky systems. The only known case of reversible silylene–disilene in equilibrium is studied too. This silylene is known in a cis or trans conformation, with a stronger steric stronger congestion in the cis geometry. The dispersion corrections on stability favor to more extent the more encumbered geometries. Overall the calculations indicate that the traditional density functionals, like B3LYP or BP86 are not capable to describe properly the bulky molecular structures.
Gustatory quality changes as a function of solution concentration

Four selected female Ss were instructed to respond with the qualities of either bitter, salty, sour, sweet, or no taste to solutions of LiCl, KCl, Li2SO4, or K2SO4 which varied in concentration from 0.0040 to 0.050 M for the first two salts, and 0.0020 to 0.025 F for the last two. Mean percentages of each quality, with sweet combined with the no taste response, when plotted against concentration, gave functions in which one quality predominated within a given concentration range. This quality was superseded by another over a higher concentration range. These results are explained in terms of an inhibition phenomenon.
Racial Identity and Gender as Moderators of the Relationship Between Body Image and Self-esteem for African Americans

This study explored whether multiple dimensions of racial identity and gender moderated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem for African American men and women (N = 425) using an intersectional approach. Centrality (strength of identification with racial group), private regard (positive feelings about racial group), public regard (positive feelings others have about racial group), and gender moderated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem for a sample of men (n = 109) and women (n = 316) college students from three regions of the United States. Body dissatisfaction was related to lower self-esteem only for those African Americans for whom race was less central to their identities. High private regard and low body dissatisfaction were synergistically associated with higher self-esteem. Similarly, low public regard and high body dissatisfaction were synergistically related to lower self-esteem. There was a positive main effect for assimilation ideology (emphasis on similarities between African Americans and Western society) on self-esteem; however it was not a significant moderator. The relationship between body dissatisfaction and self-esteem was stronger for women than for men. This study extends our knowledge of the ways in which racial attitudes and gender shape how African Americans experience their bodies and are related to self-esteem.
Interest in a Support Group Among Individuals Tested for a BRCA1 Gene Mutation

Abstract This article explores interest in a support group among 218 individuals tested for a mutation in BRCA1, a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene. When queried 4 to 7 months after receiving the BRCA1 test results, approximately one-fourth of the participants expressed interest in a hypothetical support group. A mixed-carrier status and multiple family group was preferred over a carrier-only and single family group. The information about interest in a support group among individuals tested for a BRCA1 mutation represents an important step in identifying those who are most receptive to psychosocial interventions.
Conversion of an arbitrary node into a source node in a flow graph

A simple procedure which converts an arbitrary node into a source node for both the Coates flow graph and Mason's signal-flow graph is presented. The technique is believed to be simpler than the well known path-inversion process.
Long-term follow-up of the functional and physiologic results of diaphragm plication in adults with unilateral diaphragm paralysis.

Background Patients with lifestyle-limiting dyspnea attributable to unilateral diaphragm paralysis have been shown to experience a decrease in their dyspnea and an improvement in their pulmonary spirometry and functional status with diaphragm plication acutely after surgery. This investigation summarizes these patients' outcomes with long-term follow-up. Methods Adult patients undergoing plication of the hemidiaphragm for lifestyle-limiting dyspnea secondary to unilateral diaphragm paralysis were assessed preoperatively, 6 month after surgery and then annually using the Medical Research Council dyspnea score, pulmonary spirometry, activities of daily living questionnaire, and a chest radiograph. Patients with at least 48 months of follow-up were included in this investigation. Results Forty-one patients underwent plication of the hemidiaphragm through video-assisted thoracoscopy (30) or thoracotomy (11). Mean follow-up was 57 ± 10 months. Mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at 1 second, functional residual capacity, and total lung capacity all improved by 19%, 23%, 21%, and 19% ( p p 2 and 3 had documented unilateral diaphragm paralysis for at least 4 years before plication. Conclusions Plication of the hemidiaphragm produces improvement for the vast majority of patients in pulmonary spirometry, dyspnea, and functional status that endures over long-term follow-up. Patients who are morbidly obese or who have longstanding unilateral diaphragm paralysis may not realize the same benefits of plication.
Franco, the Spanish Falange and the Institutionalisation of Mission

The original fascist movement in Spain never enjoyed very effective leadership, even though its chief became the object of a major charismatic cult after his violent, premature death. Despite this ...
Prediction of Brain Damage in Two Clinical Populations

A total of 15 intellectual and 12 sensory motor variables were examined as predictors of brain damage in a neurological and a psychiatric population. Results obtained via Student's t tests and multiple-regression analyses demonstrate chat it is possible to predict brain damage in both clinical populations. Specific conclusions were: (1) as single predictor variables, sensory motor measures are superior to intellectual measures, (2) brain damage as measured behaviorally is consistent across the two populations, (3) there is a greater incidence of false positives in a psychiatric than a neurological population, and (4) multiple-variant prediction seems to hold promise for identification of brain damage.
Fearful-avoidance, disorganization, and multiple working models: some directions for future theory and research.

(2002). Fearful-avoidance, disorganization, and multiple working models: Some directions for future theory and research. Attachment & Human Development: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 223-229.
Dynamic Stokes shift in green fluorescent protein variants

Solvent reorganization around the excited state of a chromophore leads to an emission shift to longer wavelengths during the excited-state lifetime. This solvation response is absent in wild-type green fluorescent protein, and this has been attributed to rigidity in the chromophore's environment necessary to exclude nonradiative transitions to the ground state. The fluorescent protein mPlum was developed via directed evolution by selection for red emission, and we use time-resolved fluorescence to study the dynamic Stokes shift through its evolutionary history. The far-red emission of mPlum is attributed to a picosecond solvation response that is observed at all temperatures above the glass transition. This time-dependent shift in emission is not observed in its evolutionary ancestors, suggesting that selective pressure has produced a chromophore environment that allows solvent reorganization. The evolutionary pathway and structures of related fluorescent proteins suggest the role of a single residue in close proximity to the chromophore as the primary cause of the solvation response.
Band-edge exciton in quantum dots of semiconductors with a degenerate valence band: Dark and bright exciton states

We present a theoretical analysis of the band-edge exciton structure in nanometer-size crystallites of direct semiconductors with a cubic lattice structure or a hexagonal lattice structure which can be described within the framework of a quasicubic model. The lowest energy exciton, eightfold degenerate in spherically symmetric dots, is split into five levels by the crystal shape asymmetry, the intrinsic crystal field (in hexagonal lattice structures), and the electron-hole exchange interaction. Transition oscillator strengths and the size dependence of the splittings have been calculated. Two of the five states, including the ground state, are optically passive (dark excitons). The oscillator strengths of the other three levels (bright excitons) depend strongly on crystal size, shape, and energy band parameters. The relative ordering of the energy levels is also heavily influenced by these parameters. The distance between the first optically active state and the optically forbidden ground exciton state increases with decreasing size, leading to an increase of the Stokes shift in the luminescence. Our results are in good agreement with the size dependence of Stokes shifts obtained in fluorescence line narrowing and photoluminescence experiments in CdSe nanocrystals. Mixing of the dark and bright excitons in an external magnetic field allows the direct optical recombination of the dark exciton ground state. The observed shortening of the luminescence decay time in CdSe nanoncrystals in a magnetic field is also in excellent agreement with the theory, giving further support to the validity of our model. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Metabolism and maternofetal transfer of human growth hormone in the pregnant woman at term.

The disappearance of radioiodinated human growth hormone from the serum after intravenous injection was followed by immunochemical precipitation in 10 pregnant women in labor at term. The concentrations of labeled hormone in cord and fetal placental serum and the concentration of trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radioactivity in the placenta and membranes were also determined. The half-life of labeled growth hormone during the first 90 min after injection averaged 43 min as determined from the release of trichloroacetic acid-nonprecipitable radioactivity during this period; the data also suggested the presence of components with much longer half-lives. The labeled growth hormone did not traverse the placenta in the direction of mother to fetus.
Analysis of cockroach oothecae and exuviae by solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy

Abstract Sclerotized oothecae from four species of cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, P. fuliginosa, Blatta orientalis and Blattella germanica , were examined by solid-state 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical analyses. The oothecae were composed of protein, water, calcium oxalate, diphenolic compounds, lipid, and uric acid. Calcium oxalate was the major soluble component in egg cases of P. americana, P. fuliginosa , and B. orientalis . Oothecae of B. germanica had approx. 10-fold less calcium oxalate and extractable diphenols than the other species. The major diphenolic compound extracted in cold dilute perchloric acid was 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Exuviae from P. americana, B. germanica, Gromphadorhina portentosa, Blaberus craniifer , and Leucophaea maderae also were examined by solid-state 13 C-NMR. They contained protein, diphenols, and lipid, as well as chitin, which accounted for 30–42% of the organic content, depending upon the species.
Saline water in the foothill suture zone, Sierra Nevada Range, California

Thirty-one wells yielding sodium chloride water and dissolved solids averaging 1,300 mg per liter have been drilled into granitic rocks of the western Sierra Nevada foothills of Fresno and Madera Counties, California. Their chemistry contrasts sharply with that of thousands of other wells tapping granitic rocks in the area which yield good quality bicarbonate water that is low in dissolved solids. The sodium chloride wells are along a N30°W, 85-km-long trend, herein referred to as the “foothill lineament.” The foothill lineament appears to be an extension of the foothill suture into the intervening granitic terrane between the Melones Fault on the north and the Kings-Kaweah suture on the south. Based on various chemical parameters such as B/Cl and Br/Cl, the sodium chloride waters appear to be marine connate in origin, albeit strongly diluted with meteoric water. Several hypotheses are advanced to explain why saline waters are concentrated along the foothill lineament, although all arguments have serious drawbacks. No matter how the sodium chloride waters have originated, the foothill lineament is believed to define a profound structural element, possibly contiguous with the early Mesozoic foothill subduction complex, along which these waters have migrated toward the surface.
Nursing students' perceptions of ethical behavior in undergraduate nursing faculty.

Summary Ethical dilemmas in clinical nursing practice and areas of nursing research have been reported, but a paucity of current nursing research exists pertaining to ethical concerns between undergraduate nursing students and nurse educators. The study examined students' perceptions of ethical behavior in faculty of undergraduate nursing. Using an exploratory, mixed-methods approach, 101 members of a student nursing organization in the southeastern region of the United States participated in the study by completing the 16-item, anonymous questionnaire. Thirteen participants also submitted narratives describing their personal experiences with nursing faculty as it related to ethical interactions in the learning environment. The majority reported their experiences with nursing instructors to be ethical with no reports of sexual involvement with students. Instructor expectations of gifts from their students were almost non-existent. The narrative analysis yielded the following themes: bias: racial, gender, and other; humiliation, confidentiality, grading, uncaring, and cheating. Faculty–student interactions in nursing education are extremely complex. Instructors' increased awareness of their interaction with students and the adoption of ethical guidelines by schools of nursing are suggested.
Solid-state phase transformations in solution: templated conversion of nanoscale nickel phosphides

Conversion of Ni12P5 nanoparticles to Ni2P is demonstrated to occur via a solid-state, rather than a solution dissolution, process. The templated transformation is employed to make monodisperse hollow or solid particles of the catalytically active phase Ni2P with surface areas of ∼17 m2 g−1.
Periarticular Tibial Fracture Treatment in the Obese Population

Lambotte's 7 steps of fracture treatment have stood the test of time. Incision, preparation of the bone ends, reduction, temporary fixation, permanent fixation, closure, and dressing are modified to suit the needs of each fracture and each patient. One specific patient characteristic, obesity, has provided complex challenges in fracture care. This article reviews the challenges of obesity as they relate to the 7 steps of lower extremity periarticular fracture care. Specifically, helpful modifications to these 7 steps are provided for the treatment of tibial plateau fractures and tibial plafond fractures. As there is little published evidence with respect to the treatment of these injuries in the obese population, the suggestions that are provided are based on the extrapolation from published evidence of fracture care in other areas in patients with obesity, logic, and personal experience with fracture care in patients with obesity.
Laboratory Measurement of Tire Flatspot3

Abstract Tires flatspot when they remain loaded without rolling for a period of time. The magnitude of this flatspot and the speed with which it recovers due to subsequent rolling are influenced by...
An Exchange-Market Analysis of the U. S. Balance of Payments

tINANCIAL WRITERS in the press, taking their cue from the government publications, are prone to speak of the balance of payments deficit as a simple case of the United States spending abroad more than it receives. They explain that the out-payments have exceeded the in-payments. And the man in the street nods his head. He knows what that is. But does he know how completely arbitrary and inconsistent is the concept of payments that must be used to arrive by this route at the official measure of the U.S. deficit? Let me give some examples. If a foreigner buys a U.S. product, his payment is, of course, recorded as such; but if he buys a U.S. security from a holder in the United States, the payment may or may not be so recorded. It all depends on what security he buys. If he buys the bond of a private company, the transaction is recognized as a payment, but not if he buys its short-term note. In the latter case, his payment is not a payment. If a U.S. resident buys a short-term note abroad, however, his payment is recognized as such. So also is his purchase of a foreign Treasury bond. But the foreigner's payment for a U.S. Treasury bond is not a payment even though his purchase of any other type of bond is. Similarly, the U.S. resident's acquisition of a deposit abroad is recorded as a payment; but a foreigner's acquisition of a deposit in the United States is not. It is obvious that this payments language is not what the man in the street thinks it is. Whether a payment is treated as such, or is recorded as not a payment, has nothing to do with whether a payment has in fact been made. It is treated as a payment or not a payment according to some quite different concept, which we shall come to after I have presented what might be termed the "exchange-market" approach to the balance of payments and am in a position to compare the official concept with it. As a matter of fact, an economist should know right at the start that there cannot be any difference between out-payments and in-payments in the balance of payments as a whole. It is a double-entry system of
Anatomy and physiology of intracellularly labelled omnipause neurons in the cat and squirrel monkey

Saccadic omnipause neurons (OPNs) were intracellularly labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in alert cats and squirrel monkeys. The somas of OPNs were located on or near the midline in the caudal pons and their axons projected to regions of the pontomedullary reticular formation that contain the excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons.