cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GeneWeaver: a web-based system for integrative functional genomics

High-throughput genome technologies have produced a wealth of data on the association of genes and gene products to biological functions. Investigators have discovered value in combining their experimental results with published genome-wide association studies, quantitative trait locus, microarray, RNA-sequencing and mutant phenotyping studies to identify gene-function associations across diverse experiments, species, conditions, behaviors or biological processes. These experimental results are typically derived from disparate data repositories, publication supplements or reconstructions from primary data stores. This leaves bench biologists with the complex and unscalable task of integrating data by identifying and gathering relevant studies, reanalyzing primary data, unifying gene identifiers and applying ad hoc computational analysis to the integrated set. The freely available GeneWeaver (http://www.GeneWeaver.org) powered by the Ontological Discovery Environment is a curated repository of genomic experimental results with an accompanying tool set for dynamic integration of these data sets, enabling users to interactively address questions about sets of biological functions and their relations to sets of genes. Thus, large numbers of independently published genomic results can be organized into new conceptual frameworks driven by the underlying, inferred biological relationships rather than a pre-existing semantic framework. An empirical 'ontology' is discovered from the aggregate of experimental knowledge around user-defined areas of biological inquiry.
Production Networks and the Organization of the Global Manufacturing Economy

In this article, I explicate an organizational theory that links global models of networked organization to cross-national variation in manufacturing specialization. To subject the theory to empiri...
Intravenous Pyelography before Hysterectomy

Excerpt To the Editor:We concur with the recommendations offered by Drs. Mushlin and Thornbury (1) concerning the routine use of intravenous pyelography before hysterectomy. Although no studies wer...
Accurate measurement of methyl 13C chemical shifts by solid-state NMR for the determination of protein side chain conformation: the influenza a M2 transmembrane peptide as an example.

The use of side chain methyl 13C chemical shifts for the determination of the rotameric conformation of Val and Leu residues in proteins by solid-state NMR spectroscopy is described. Examination of the solution NMR stereospecifically assigned methyl groups shows significant correlation between the difference in the two methyl carbons’ chemical shifts and the side chain conformation. It is found that α-helical and β-sheet backbones cause different side chain methyl chemical shift trends. In α-helical Leu’s, a relatively large absolute methyl 13C shift difference of 2.89 ppm is found for the most populated mt rotamer (χ1 = −60°, χ2 = 180°), while a much smaller value of 0.73 ppm is found for the next populated tp rotamer (χ1 = 180°, χ2 = 60°). For α-helical Val residues, the dominant t rotamer (χ1 = 180°) has more downfield Cγ2 chemical shifts than Cγ1 by 1.71 ppm, while the next populated m rotamer (χ1 = −60°) shows the opposite trend of more downfield Cγ1 chemical shift by 1.23 ppm. These significantly di...
A probabilistic approach to the evaluation of fatigue damage in a space propulsion system injector element

The fatigue damage of a space propulsion system component is computed using probabilistic structural analysis methods. The analysis takes into account the variations in static and dynamic loads, the uncertainty in structural damping, and the scatter in material fatigue resistance. The key elements of the probabilistic approach include: (1) a numerical engine model for describing the global component interface loads consistent with engine balance, (2) models for computing the local mode boundary conditions on the component, (3) a static structural analysis model that captures the strains at a damage critical location as a function of engine performance variables, (4) a finite element model for assessment of the random amplitude stress response due to random base and pressure excitations with uncertain power and correlation length, and (5) advanced first order reliability methods for computing the probabilities associated with the fatigue damage.
Sunflower Response to Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization under Intensive Cropping in a Wheat Rotation

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a warm-season, intermediate water-use crop that can add diversity to dryland crop rotations. Reduced tillage systems may enhance sunflower yield in intensive cropping systems. A 12-year study was conducted to determine how sunflower cultivars of early and medium maturity respond to tillage system (conventional-till, CT; minimum-till, MT; no-till, NT) and N fertilization (34, 67, and 101 kg N ha ') within a dryland spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat-sunflower rotation. Averaged across N rates, cultivars, and years, sunflower seed yields were greater with MT (1550 kg ha 1 ) than with NT (1460 kg ha 1 ) and CT (1450 kg ha '). Increasing N rate above 34 kg N ha ' generally increased grain yield, but varied from year to year. The tillage × N interaction showed that the highest seed yields were obtained with NT (1638 kg ha 1 ) and MT (1614 kg ha 1 ) at 101 kg N ha 1 . Total plant-available water (TPAW) of 500 mm did not result in increased sunflower yields over those with 350 to 500 mm TPAW. Yield differences between cultivar maturity classes varied from year to year and with tillage and N level. At the lowest N rate, weeds were more problematic in NT than in CT and MT plots. More N fertilizer may be needed with NT to optimize sunflower yields than with CT and MT, because of less residual soil NO 3 -N with NT. Results indicate that producers in the northern Great Plains can use sunflower successfully in annual cropping systems, particularly if MT and NT are used with adequate N fertilization.
Convex distribution system reconfiguration using group sparsity

A system reconfiguration problem is considered for three-phase power distribution networks, with the objective of finding the topology that minimizes the overall active power loss. In lieu of binary variables representing the states of tie switches, contemporary compressive sampling tools are leveraged here to re-formulate the nonconvex distribution system reconfiguration (DSR) problem into a convex one. The novel formulation hinges on the notion of group-sparsity, an underlying attribute of the currents and powers traversing the distribution lines equipped with switches. It is shown that by adjusting a sparsity-tuning parameter, one can obtain meshed, weakly-meshed, or radial systems. The proposed reconfiguration scheme is tested on a modified version of the IEEE 37-node test feeder.
Myostatin Propeptide Gene Delivery by Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8 Vectors Enhances Muscle Growth and Ameliorates Dystrophic Phenotypes in mdx Mice

Myostatin has been extensively documented as a negative regulator of muscle growth. Myostatin inhibition is therefore considered an attractive strategy for the treatment of muscle-wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophies. To investigate whether systemic gene delivery of myostatin propeptide (MRPO), a natural inhibitor of myostatin, could enhance body-wide skeletal muscle growth, we used adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) vectors to deliver the MRPO gene into either normal mice or mdx mice, a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In normal mice, a significant increase in skeletal muscle mass was observed after either an intraperitoneal injection of AAV-MPRO into neonates, or an intravenous injection of AAV-MPRO76AFc (a modified MPRO fused with IgG Fc) into adults. Enhanced muscle growth occurred because of myofiber hypertrophy, not hyperplasia. In mdx mice, a significant increase in skeletal muscle mass was also observed after AAV-MPRO76AFc injection. The treated mdx mice showed larger and more uniform myofibers, fewer infiltrating mononuclear cells, less fibrosis, and lower serum creatine kinase levels. In addition, a grip force test and an in vitro tetanic contractile force test showed improved muscle strength. A treadmill test, however, showed reduced endurance of the treated mdx mice compared with their untreated counterparts. Importantly, no cardiac hypertrophy was observed in either normal or mdx mice after myostatin inhibition by gene delivery. These results clearly demonstrate the efficacy of AAV8-mediated myostatin propeptide gene delivery in a rodent model of DMD, and warrant further investigation in large animal models and eventually in human patients.
Stability criteria for instrument servomechanisms with coulomb friction and stiction

IT IS WELL KNOWN that relative motion between rubbing surfaces is opposed by friction forces. In general, a force directly proportional to velocity is produced by a component known as ?viscous friction.? Normally, another component, the coulomb friction force C, produces a force that is essentially constant regardless of velocity. In addition, if the surfaces are initially stationary, the force required to start motion is greater than the coulomb friction force. Since the surfaces seem to adhere, the effect is called ?stiction? and the magnitude of the required starting force is called the stiction force S. These effects are illustrated graphically in Fig. 1. Note that the ordinate may be force or torque, and the dimensions of C or S obviously must be adjusted as needed.
Stress and strain in the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament during a simulated clinical examination.

The objective of this research was to predict, with a finite-element model, the stress and strain fields in the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL) during application of an anterior load with the humerus abducted. The stress and strain in the AB-IGHL were determined during a simulated simple translation test of a single intact shoulder. A 6-degree-of-freedom magnetic tracking system was used to measure the kinematics of the humerus with respect to the scapula. A clinician applied an anterior load to the humerus until a manual maximum was achieved at 60° of glenohumeral abduction and 0° of flexion/extension and external rotation. For the computational analysis, the experimentally measured joint kinematics were used to prescribe the motion of the humerus with respect to the scapula, whereas the material properties of the AB-IGHL were based on published experimental data. The geometry of the AB-IGHL, humerus, and scapula was acquired by use of a volumetric computed tomography scan, which was used to define the reference configuration of the AB-IGHL. Strains reached 12% along the inferior edge and 15% near the scapular insertion site at the position of maximum anterior translation. During this motion, the AB-IGHL wrapped around the humerus and transferred load to the bone via contact. Predicted values for von Mises stress in the ligament reached 4.3 MPa at the point of contact with the humeral head and 6.4 MPa near the scapular insertion site. A comparison of these results to the literature suggests that the computational approach provided reasonable predictions of fiber strain in the AB-IGHL when specimen-specific geometry and kinematics with average material properties were used. The complex stress and strain distribution throughout the AB-IGHL suggests that the continuous nature of the glenohumeral capsule should be considered in biomechanical analyses. In the future, this combined experimental and computational approach will be used for subject-specific studies of capsular function and could provide quantitative data to help surgeons improve methods for the diagnosis and treatment of glenohumeral instability.
Nanoinks in inkjet metallization — Evolution of simple additive-type metal patterning

Abstract Recent advances in the development of stable dispersions of nanophase metal particles have allowed the direct fabrication of metal patterns (e.g., printed circuits, RFID tags, touch screens, etc.) by simple additive type inkjet processes. Such processes replace the more costly and less environmentally friendly subtractive lithographic type photoprocesses involving selective etching of photoresists and metal layers and more complex additive type process using photocatalysts for patterned metal deposition by electroless plating processes and inkjet patterning of metal catalyst or catalyst precursor for subsequent metallization by electroless plating. The recent development of electrohydrodynamic jet printing (e-jet printing), in which the ink drop is ejected under the influence of an electric field, has allowed a significant resolution increase vs. conventional inkjet printing with a piezoelectric head (printing resolution of ca. 100 nm for e-jet printing vs. ca. 20 μm for inkjet printing).
Combinatorial algorithms for computational science and engineering

We discuss recent activities in the SciDAC Applied Mathematics Institute for Combinatorial Scientific Computing and Petascale Simulations (CSCAPES).
6C-5 An Ultrasonic Imaging Speckle Suppression and Contrast Enhancement Technique by Means of Frequency Compounding and Coded Excitation

A method for improving the contrast resolution of B-mode images is proposed by combining the speckle reduction technique of frequency compounding (FC), and the coded excitation and pulse compression technique called resolution enhancement compression (REC). FC suppresses speckle but at the expense of a reduction in axial resolution. Using REC the axial resolution and bandwidth of the imaging system was doubled. Therefore, by combining REC with FC (REC- FC), the trade-off between axial resolution and contrast enhancement was extended significantly. Simulations and experimental measurements were conducted with a single-element transducer (f/2.66) having a center frequency of 2.25 MHz and a -3-dB bandwidth of 50%. Simulations and measurements of hyperechoic (+6 dB) tissue-mimicking targets were imaged. Two FC cases were evaluated: full-, and half-width of the true impulse response bandwidth. The image quality metrics used to compare REC-FC to conventional pulsing (CP) and CP-FC were: contrast-to- noise ratio (CNR), speckle signal-to-noise ratio and histogram percent overlap. Increases in CNR of 121%, and 230% were obtained in experiments when comparing REC-FC for the full-, and half-width cases to CP. Improved lesion detectability was observed by using REC-FC.
Effect of Having A-Priori Knowledge of the Floor's Contaminant Condition on the Biomechanics of Slips

Injuries and deaths are often the result of slips/falls. The perceived danger of slipping affects gait biomechanics. This paper investigated the effect of having a-priori knowledge of the floor's c...
Phonons in a double-well: transverse vibrations in a pair of trapped ions

Double-well potentials have extensive applications in many branches of physics and have resulted in devices that are useful for precision sensing as well as quantum information processing. Here, we present a theoretical analysis of the transverse phonon coupling between a pair of trapped ions as described by a double-well system. Typically the phonons in trapped ions are used as an intermediary in quantum information processing, but here we focus on the dynamics of the phonons themselves. The double-well system is a special case of the more generalized Bose-Hubbard Model, with exactly two sites available to store particles. We draw an analogy to another double-well system in solid state physics: a Josephson junction containing a thin insulating barrier between two superconductors. Applications of the Josephson junction include superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which have emerged as sensitive magnetometers and also as qubits for quantum computation. Another analogy is the recent demonstrations of matter-wave interference with Bose-Einstein condensates in double-well traps, which have also shown great promise for applications in precise inertial and gravitational field sensing. We will also discuss experimental techniques that can be applied to control and manipulate this double-well system.
Spinning Cotton: Domestic and Industrial Novels

This essay examines the ways in which nineteenth-century domestic and industrial novels highlight and suppress different aspects of Britain's involvement in the Indian cotton trade. England's complex and evolving relationship with India is often worked out in Victorian novels through the association of English people and Indian things, but the terms of this relationship shift depending upon novelistic genre. Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters and Benjamin Disraeli's Sybil reveal how gendered dress codes in domestic novels position Indian textiles as markers of virtue and good taste, whereas industrial novels frequently evince a concern with cotton as a commodity and the cotton mill as a space in need of benevolent reform. Both genres, however, occlude as much as they reveal about the cotton trade's global reach.
Superconductivity and the metal-insulator transition: Tuning with spin-orbit scattering.

A small amount of bismuth was added to granular aluminum in order to enhance spin-orbit scattering. The metal-insulator transition was found to be shifted in accord with the antilocalization effect on an Anderson transition. The threshold for superconductivity is also shifted, to the same extent, remaining, as in the undoped system, separated from the metal-insulator transition by a narrow range of composition in which the samples are metallic but not fully superconducting. The correlation of the shifts demonstrates that superconductivity is suppressed by the vicinity of the metal-insulator transition.
Hydration Properties of Potassium Deficient Clay Micas

A clay mineral that in its natural state expands to 15A with water and to 17 A with ethylene glycol was treated with various concentrations of KCl. At the highest KC1 concentration all the material was rendered nonexpanding. There was a threshold KC1 concentration at which potassium ions were absorbed in sufficient quantities to prevent expansion of the clay in water. At concentrations less than the threshold the material is characterized by a random interlayer mixture of expanding and nonexpanding layers. The sequence produced with increasing KC1 concentration is: expanding clay → interlayer mixture → nonexpanding clay. Solvation with ethylene glycol is more effective than solvation with water for much higher potassium ion population densities in the interlayer space. At potassium ion population densities intermediate between those at the concentration thresholds for water solvation and for ethylene glycol solvation, there are layers that will expand with glycol and not with water. Low potassium ion population densities correspond to low surface charge densities of potassium saturated clays, and the clays expand like montmorillonite. The high potassium ion population densities correspond to high surface charge densities of potassium-saturated clays and illite and the clays do not expand. With intermediate potassium ion population densities corresponding to intermediate surface charge densities for potassium-saturated clays, the clays expand with ethylene glycol but not with water.
A Feminist Approach to HRD Research

This article challenges HRD professionals to critically evaluate HRD research and practice using the lens of feminism. This article defines feminist research; makes the case for conducting feminist...
Holding the Story Forever: The Aesthetics of Ethnographic Labour

Since the late 1970s, anthropologists have examined ethnography as a form of textual production (Marcus and Cushman 1982; Clifford and Marcus 1986; Geertz 1988; Marcus and Fischer 1986) and as a po...
Mitigation of airborne parathion residues from treated cranberry bog environments bordering suburban areas by a spray adjuvant

Abstract Cranberries are the number one agricultural cash crop in Massachusetts, yet their cultivation occurs in significantly populated coastal areas that show continuing trends toward urbanization. With the development of residential and business properties adjacent to cranberry bogs, conflicts between growers and non‐growers have arisen as persons with no experience in agricultural practices are confronted with the realities of pesticide use. The major issue is “chemical trespass”;, the deposition of pesticides outside the target area, and the corresponding potential for adverse acute and chronic health effects. Because of this, the effectiveness of using spreader and sticker spray additives (adjuvants) in reducing airborne pesticide residues from cranberry bogs was studied. Ethyl parathion (Aqua 8, FMC) was applied to a ten‐acre (four‐hectare) section of bog by both aerial and chemical irrigation (chemigation) methods, with and without adjuvant in the spray mixture. Collection sites for airborne and d...
Parvovirus B19 Myocarditis Causes Significant Morbidity and Mortality in Children

Although parvovirus B19 (PVB19) currently is the most common cause of viral myocarditis, limited pediatric data exist. Whereas other viruses infect cardiomyocytes, PVB19 targets coronary endothelium, leading to myocardial ischemia and dysfunction. A retrospective review investigated patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-verified PVB19 myocarditis at Texas Children’s Hospital and Arkansas Children’s Hospital (January 2005 to August 2008). The primary end points of the study were transplant-free survival and circulatory collapse (death, mechanical support, or transplantation). For the 19 patients identified (age, 6 months to 15 years), the most common presenting symptoms were respiratory and gastrointestinal. At admission, all the patients demonstrated ventricular dysfunction requiring inotropic support (median ejection fraction, 24 %; median left ventricle end-diastolic diameter [LVEDD] z-score, 4.6). Whereas T-wave abnormalities were common, ST elevation was evident in five patients (two died and three required transplantation). Serum B-type natrietic peptide was elevated in all 12 patients tested (range, 348–8,058 pg/ml), and troponin I was high in 7 of 9 patients (range, 0.04–14.5 ng/ml). Of the 15 patients with circulatory collapse, nine received mechanical support, eight underwent successful transplantation, and five died. Only six patients (32 %) experienced transplant-free survival, and five patients had full recovery of function at discharge. In the transplant-free survival group, ST changes on presenting electrocardiography were less likely (p = 0.03), and the admission LVEDD z-score tended to be lower (3.3 vs 5.6; p = 0.08). In children, PVB19 myocarditis causes significant mortality and morbidity. Although mechanical intervention can support patients in the initial stage of decompensated heart failure, patients with PVB19 myocarditis often demonstrate persistent dysfunction requiring medical therapy and transplantation.
Effects of upright posture on hand preference for reaching vs. the use of probing tools by tufted capuchins (Cebus apella)

This research examined the effects of task (reaching vs. tool use) and posture (quadrupedal vs. bipedal) on hand preference in tufted capuchins (Cebus apella). Regarding direction of hand preference, we found a significant main effect of posture, as the bipedal stance elicited greater use of the right hand than did the quadrupedal stance, and a significant posture x task interaction, as bipedal reaching elicited greater use of the right hand than did other postural and task conditions. Further, we found a significant main effect of task on strength of hand preference, as tool use elicited more consistent use of one hand over the other than did reaching. Our findings indicate that bipedal reaching facilitates a mild right-hand bias in intensely manipulative primates. We speculate that this moderate bias may have been pushed in the direction of nearly exclusive right-hand preference in most humans with the development of complex tool use.
Compensation for Hydrolysis in the Reuse of Reactive Dyes

In conventional exhaust processes for applying reactive dyes, the alkali accelerates dye hydrolysis, restricting subsequent reuse. Step-up and chemical build-up can complicate accurate color duplic...
The graphs with only self-dual signings

Given a graph G, it is possible to attach positive and negative signs to its lines only, to its points only, or to both. The resulting structures are called respectively signed graphs, marked graphs and nets. The dual of each such structure is obtained by changing every sign in it. We determine all graphs G for which every suitable marked graph on G is self-dual (the M-dual graphs), and also the corresponding graphs G for signed graphs (S-dual) and for nets (N-dual. A graph G is M-dual if and only if G or [email protected]? is one of the graphs K"2"m, 2K"m, mK"2, K"m + K"2 or 2C"4. The S-dual graphs are C"6, 2C"3, 2C"4, 2K"1"n, 2nK"2, K"1","2"n, nK"1","2, K"2"n, [email protected]?"n and all graphs obtained from these by the addition of isolated points. Finally, the only N-dual graph other than -K"2"n is 2K"2.
A history of the caesar John Doukas in Nikephoros Bryennios’ Material for History?

AbstractThis article suggests that the history of Nikephoros Bryennios draws on a now lost text that told the history of the 1070s from the perspective of the caesar John Doukas. Changes in perspective, narrative style, and vocabulary in the sections dealing predominantly with John suggest that Bryennios was incorporating portions of a written text rather than orally preserved stories. These stylistic arguments are not definitive but, especially in light of the way the author freely included portions of Psellos' and Skylitzes' histories, they lead to the supposition that Bryennios also used a text about John Doukas that no longer survives.
Atlas II and IIA analyses and environments validation

Abstract General Dynamics has now flown all four versions of the Atlas commercial launch vehicle, which cover a payload weight capability to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) in the range of 5000–8000 lb. The key analyses to set design and environmental test parameters for the vehicle modifications and the ground and flight test data that validated them were prepared in paper IAF-91-170 for the first version, Atlas I. This paper presents similar data for the next two versions, Atlas II and IIA. The Atlas II has propellant tanks lengthened by 12 ft and is boosted by MA-5A rocket engines uprated to 474,000 lb liftoff thrust. GTO payload capability is 6225 lb with the 11-ft fairing. The Atlas IIA is an Atlas II with uprated RL10A-4 engines on the lengthened Centaur II upper stage. The two 20,800 lb thrust, 449 s specific impulse engines with an optional extendible nozzle increase payload capability to GTO to 6635 lb. The paper describes design parameters and validated test results for many other improvements that have generally provided greater capability at less cost, weight and complexity and better reliability. Those described include: moving the MA-5A start system to the ground, replacing the vernier engines with a simple 50 lb thrust on-off hydrazine roll control system, addition of a POGO suppressor, replacement of Centaur jettisonable insulation panels with fixed foam, a new inertial navigation unit (INU) that combines in one package a ring-laser gyro based strapdown guidance system with two MIL-STD-1750A processors, redundant MIL-STD-1553 data bus interfaces, robust Ada-based software and a new Al-Li payload adapter. Payload environment is shown to be essentially unchanged from previous Atlas vehicles. Validation of load, stability, control and pressurization requirements for the larger vehicle is discussed. All flights to date (five Atlas II, one Atlas IIA) have been successful in launching satellites for EUTELSAT, the U.S. Air Force and INTELSAT. Significant design parameters validated by these flights are presented. Particularly noteworthy has been the performance of the INU, which has provided average GTO insertion errors of only 10 miles apogee, 0.2 miles perigee and 0.004 degrees inclination. It is concluded that Atlas II/IIA have successfully demonstrated probably the largest number of current state-of-the-art components of any expendable launch vehicle flying today.
Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. A pathologic definition.

We examined the pathologic material and/or reports of all but one patient reported free of disease at least 5 years following radical mastectomy for inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. None of these patients had dermal lymphatic metastases. In addition, no patient with erythema of the breast or clinical inflammatory carcinoma who survived without recurrence 5 years following radical mastectomy (performed from 1950 to 1960 at the Barnes Hospital) had dermal lymphatic metastases. Inflammatory carcinoma is a poorly defined and confusing term which should be discarded. The histologic hallmark of surgically incurable carcinoma of the breast is tumor emboli in the dermal lymphatics. We propose the name “dermal lymphatic carcinomatosis of the breast” for this entity and stress the necessity of a palliative approach toward patients with this disease.
Thermal and reactive nonequilibrium of magnetoactive plasma flows

Based on multifluid equations derived from the Boltzman equation under inclusion of ionization and recombination reactions, the following convective processes in magnetoactive plasma flows transverse to homogeneous magnetic fields are investigated:The build-up of the nonuniform plasma state, the intercomponent thermal nonequilibrium and the reactive nonequilibrium in dependence of the flow coordinate. Due to the complexity of the problem, a numerical approach is used, parallel to which an approximate analytical theory is developed.
Do static electric forces contribute to the stickiness of a spider's cribellar prey capture threads?

Cribellar thread is the most primitive type of prey capture thread produced by spiders. Its dry surface is formed of thousands of fine fibrils that catch on the setose surfaces of insects and, by an unknown mechanism, also hold smooth surfaces. Static electric attraction has been suggested as the force by which these smooth surfaces are held. However, when the sticki- ness of cribellar threads produced by Hyptiotes cauatus and Uloborus glomosus (family Uloboridae) was measured with contact plates that had similar textures but very different dielectric values, no support was found for this hypothesis. Differences in stickiness values were small and showed no relationship to the dielectric indexes of the surfaces used to measure stickiness. o 199b Wiley-Liss, Inc. The most primitive type of prey capture threads produced by spiders are dry, composite threads, known as cribellar threads (Fig. 1; Shear, '94). These threads were present in the first aerial webs constructed by spiders and are produced by mem- bers of 22 spider families, including the primitive orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Coddington and Levi, '91; Opell, '79).Cribellar threads are formed of elements that provide strength and im- part stickiness (Eberhard, '88; Eberhard and Pereira, '93; Friedrich and Langer,'69; Kullmann, '75; Opell, '89, '90, '93, '94a,'95; Peters, '83, '84, '86,'92; Peters and Kovoor, '88). The support ele- ments include one or two pairs of larger, support- ing axial fibers and, in most members of the family Uloboridae, a network of 30-56 smaller paracribellar fibers that form a superstructure around the axial fibers (Peters and Kovoor, '80). The stickiness of a cribellar thread resides in a cloud of thousands of very thin, looped cribellar fibrils that are deposited around the axial fibers and paracribellar fibers to form the thread's outer sheath (Fig. 1). These cribellar frbrils are spun from spigots on a spinning plate termed the cribellum. An increase in the number of cribellar spigots results in the production of stickier cribellar threads that contain a greater number of frbrils (Opell, '94a,b,'95). However, the mecha- nism by which cribellar threads hold surfaces is not fully understood. The stickiness of these cribellar threads appears to result from two types of nonadhesive force. In- sect surfaces with stout setae and spines are held O 1995 WILEY.LISS, INC.
Chemically Mediated Site-Specific Proteolysis. Alteration of Protein−Protein Interaction†

The design and synthesis of a novel iodine-labile serine protease inhibitor was realized by the use of an ecotin analogue containing allylglycine at position 84 in lieu of methionine. Allylglycine- containing ecotins were synthesized by in vitro translation of the ecotin gene containing an engineered nonsense codon (TAG) at the positions of interest. A misacylated suppressor tRNA activated with the unnatural amino acid allylglycine was employed for the suppression of the nonsense codons in a cell-free protein biosynthesizing system, permitting the elaboration of ecotin analogues containing allyglycine at the desired sites. The derived ecotin analogues were capable of inhibiting bovine trypsin with inhibitory constants (Kis) comparable to that of wild-type ecotin. Iodine treatment of ecotin analogue Met84 A Gly resulted in the deactivation of ecotin, caused by peptide backbone cleavage at its P1 reactive site. Upon iodine treatment, active trypsin could be released from the protein complex with ecotin analogue Met84 A Gly. This constitutes a novel strategy for modulation of serine protease activity and more generally for alteration of protein-protein interaction by a simple chemical reagent. We have recently described a novel strategy for site- specific cleavage of proteins (1). This technique allows cleavage of the protein amide backbone at a single, pre- determined site with a simple chemical reagent. The strategy involves the use of protein analogues containing the non- native amino acid allylglycine ( A Gly) 1 at a specific site. This amino acid can be attached to suppressor tRNACUA as an activated ester by chemical misacylation (2-9); readthrough of a nonsense (UAG) codon (10-15) at a predetermined site by the use of a suitable protein synthesizing system afforded full-length protein containing A Gly at that site. Subsequent iodine treatment resulted in protein cleavage at the expected site through a presumed iodolactone intermediate. This strategy has been employed successfully to activate a trypsin from its zymogen form (trypsinogen) by chemical removal of the activation peptide, suggesting the compatibility of this technique with the integrity of functional proteins ( 16).
Formation of the perinuclear theca in spermatozoa of diverse mammalian species: Relationship of the manchette and multiple band polypeptides

The perinuclear theca is a novel cytoskeletal consisting of a densely layered lamina that surrounds the nucleus of mammalian sperm. Using antibodies specific for the multiple band polypeptides present in the perinuclear theca of bull sperm, we show that a heterogeneous group of immunological related proteins are present in the sperm heads of other mammals with greatly different morphologies, including guinea pig, hamster, rat, and mouse. In none of the species were identical groups of immunoreactive polypeptides found, although immunoreactive proteins of molecular weights 65,000 to 80,000 were present in the sperm heads of all species examined. Immunoreactive proteins less than Mr 55,000 were prominent in rat sperm heads and mouse sperm: guinea pig, hamster, and rat sperm heads and mouse sperm had one band in common at approximately Mr 50,000. Different immunoreactive proteins were present in isolated sperm tails. The perinuclear theca first appeared in the subacrosomal space of round to elongating spermatids. Later, with the caudal movement of the manchette, the postacrosomal segment of the perinuclear theca was deposited in a cephalad to caudal direction along the sperm nucleus. Concomitantly, the cytoplasmic space between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane narrowed such that only the theca occupied this portion of the sperm head. Immunoreactivity accompanied the ultrastructural appearance of the subacrosomal layer and the postacrosomal segment. The periods of spermiogenesis, in which sub- and post-acrosomal components of the perinuclear theca are formed and the morphogenesis of sperm organelles with which these elements are associated, suggest that components of this cytoskeletal structure function to join the acrosome and the postacrosomal plasma membrane to the nucleus.
Brushless DC motor positioning system

The purpose of this paper is to describe a brushless DC motor control circuit based on the MC68332 microcontroller and its unique time processing unit or TPU. This timer has preprogrammed algorithms that are developed specifically for the brushless DC motor. The function of monitoring the shaft position and generating the necessary waveforms to drive the motor are automatically created by the time processor unit. The main central processor on the MC68332 can devote itself to calculating the control algorithm used to drive the motor instead of being concerned with reading data from external elements to find out the shaft position and then creating the appropriate response.
Estimation and Testing of Tumor Incidence Rates in Experiments Lacking Cause‐of‐Death Data

Approximate nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of the tumor incidence rate and comparison of tumor incidence rates between treatment groups are examined in the context of animal carcinogenicity experiments that have interval sacrifice data but lack cause-of-death information. The estimation procedure introduced by MALANI and VAN RYZIN (1988), which can result in a negative estimate of the tumor incidence rate, is modified by employing a numerical method to maximize the likelihood function iteratively, under the constraint that the tumor incidence rate is nonnegative. With the new procedure, estimates can be obtained even if sacrifices occur anywhere within an interval. The resulting estimates have reduced standard error and give more power to the test of two heterogeneous groups. Furthermore, a linear contrast of more than two groups can be tested using our procedure. The proposed estimation and testing methods are illustrated with an experimental data set.
Image-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasm in High-Risk Patients

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Surgical resection with a lobectomy is the standard treatment for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. With an aging population, however, there are a significant number of patients who have other comorbidities that preclude surgical resection. Image-guided radiofrequency ablation is a new emerging modality of treatment which may be applicable in this high-risk group of patients. In this article, we review the principles of radiofrequency ablation, the common devices in use, the results of ablate and resect studies, future directions, and the results of treatment for stage I non-small cell lung neoplasm.
Myocardial oxygenation at high workstates in hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy

Background: High cardiac workloads produced by catecholamine infusion result in loss of myocardial phosphocreatine (PCr) and accumulation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) which are more prominent in hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) than in normal hearts. Since ischemia can cause changes in phosphorylated compounds similar to those during catecholamine stimulation, this study tested the hypothesis that the exaggerated depletion of PCr and accumulation of Pi during high workloads in LVH is the result of impaired myocyte oxygenation. Methods and results: 31P- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were used to determine myocardial high energy phosphate levels and myoglobin desaturation, respectively, in eight normal dogs and nine dogs with LVH produced by ascending aortic banding. The mean LV weight/body weight ratio was approximately twice normal in the LVH group. Infusion of dobutamine (15 and 30 μg/kg/min), and dobutamine+dopamine (each 20 μg/kg/min) caused progressive similar increases in the heart rate×systolic LV pressure product to a maximum of 57.4±3.3·103 in normal and 63.9±2.7·103 in LVH animals, while myocardial oxygen consumption increased from 0.09±0.01 to 0.24±0.04 in normals and from 0.10±0.02 to 0.25±0.03 ml/min/g in LVH. PCr/ATP ratios during basal conditions were lower in LVH hearts (1.73±0.10, 1.61±0.09 and 1.51±0.09 in subepicardium, midwall and subendocardium, respectively) as compared with normals (2.24±0.09, 2.01±0.08 and 1.89±0.07; each p <0.01 normal vs. LVH). Catecholamine infusions caused dose-related decreases in PCr/ATP and appearance of Pi which was more marked in LVH than in normal hearts. 1H-NMR spectroscopy did not detect deoxymyoglobin in either normal or LVH hearts even during the highest workloads. In contrast, occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery resulted in a large deoxymyoglobin signal. Conclusions: Increases of cardiac work produced by catecholamine stimulation resulted in greater decreases of PCr and greater increases of Pi in hypertrophied than in normal hearts. These abnormalities were not the result of inadequate intracellular oxygen availability and consequently cannot be ascribed to demand ischemia.
Motivational interviewing to improve postabortion contraceptive uptake by young women: development and feasibility of a counseling intervention.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to develop and test a postabortal contraception counseling intervention using motivational interviewing (MI) and to determine the feasibility impact and patient acceptability of the intervention when integrated into an urban academic abortion clinic. STUDY DESIGN: A single-session postabortal contraception counseling intervention for young women aged 15-24 years incorporating principles skills and style of MI was developed. Medical and social work professionals were trained to deliver the intervention their competency was assessed and the intervention was integrated into the clinical setting. Feasibility was determined by assessing ability to approach and recruit participants ability to complete the full intervention without interruption and participant satisfaction with the counseling. RESULTS: We approached 90% of eligible patients and 71% agreed to participate (n=20). All participants received the full counseling intervention. The median duration of the intervention was 29 min. Immediately after the intervention and at the 1-month follow-up contact 95% and 77% of participants reported that the session was helpful respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MI counseling can be tailored to the abortion setting. It is feasible to train professionals to use MI principles skills and style and to implement an MI-based contraception counseling intervention in an urban academic abortion clinic. The sessions are acceptable to participants. IMPLICATIONS: The use of motivational interviewing in contraception counseling may be an appropriate and effective strategy for increasing use of contraception after abortion. This study demonstrates that this patient-centered directive and collaborative approach can be developed into a counseling intervention that can be integrated into an abortion clinic. Copyright (c) 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.
HF data link protocol enhancements based on STANAG 4538 and STANAG 4539, providing greater than 10 kbps throughput over 3 kHz channels

STANAG 4538 defines a third generation (3G) HF system that includes a synchronous Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) system coupled with efficient data link protocols. The data link protocols, collectively known as XDL, have been integrated into the Harris RF-5800H HF man-pack radio system and are included in the Harris radio being produced for the UK BOWMAN program. This paper begins with an overview of the existing XDL data link protocols defined in STANAG 4538. Next, an overview of HDL+ is presented. It is not the goal of this paper to be an overall definition of the protocol but to discuss the major enhancements relative to the XDL protocols. Next, the paper presents some simulated performance results of HDL+ over the nonfading additive white Gaussian noise channel and the fading poor channel. Data are presented for message payloads of 5,000 and 50,000 bytes. Performance are contrasted with that of standard HDL. The paper concludes with a summary and a short discussion of future areas of investigation.
Viscous mantle flow under moving lithospheric plates and under subduction zones

Summary. Some simple solutions are presented for slow steady viscous flow in fluid layers or half-spaces with moving boundary segments. The results suggest the following conclusions concerning flow in the Earth's mantle. (a) Viscous flow entrained by the larger lithospheric plates would penetrate the whole mantle if its properties are fairly uniform. (b) Secondary circulation cells are generated under stationary plates by the flow entrained by an adjacent moving plate. The secondary cells are of opposite sense to the adjacent cells, and of very low amplitude when there is no heat input into the fluid. Heating of the fluid from within or below would amplify them. (c) Flow under a convergence boundary between a stationary and a moving plate tends to dip obliquely under the stationary plate. A maximum dip of the flow of about 30 degrees occurs vertically under the convergence boundary if the effect of the subducted plate is ignored. This suggests a straightforward explanation for the observed oblique dip of the Benioff seismic zones: the sinking plates are deflected from the vertical by the mantle flow entrained by (or associated with) the moving plates to which they are attached.
Knowledge management systems track introduction

It is with great pride that we are celebrating the inaugural year of the Knowledge Management Systems Track. The track includes Knowledge Management (KM) which addresses the process of acquiring, creating, distributing and using knowledge in organizations; Organizational Memory (OM) which is defined as the way an organization stores organizational knowledge and applies it to present activities; and Organizational Learning (OL) which is the development of shared meanings and interpretations of those meanings to enhance future activities. The Track has evolved from the first mini-track on OM initiated by Lorne Oflman and Joline Morrison thirteen years ago. The KMS Track seeks to maintain the integrity and continuity established in the past while continuing to grow the breadth of the discipline and acknowledge the growth in KM research by increasing the number of papers accepted. The KMS Track also seeks to preserve and grow the strong community developed over the last thirteen years. We appreciate the efforts of all our colleagues who submitted and/or reviewed papers. Through these collective efforts, we continue to see these interrelated research domains grow and flourish. Eighty-one submissions were received this year; Thirty-eight were accepted. The profile of accepted papers reflects the breadth and diversity of the research domain that the Track supports. Papers are organized in the following six mini-tracks covering thirteen sessions.