cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocytosis of Proteins by Salivary Gland Duct Cells

The ability of the intralobular duct cells of the rat parotid gland to take up protein from the lumen was examined by retrograde infusion of exogenous proteins and by immunogold localization of endogenous secretory proteins. Small amounts of native horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were taken up by intercalated and striated duct cells, and were present in small vesicles, multi vesicular bodies, and lysosomes. In contrast, HRP modified by periodate oxidation was avidly internalized by the duct cells and was present in large apical vacuoles that acquired lysosomal hydrolase activity. Native and cationized ferritin were taken up in a similar manner when infused at a high concentration (up to 10 mg/mL). At lower concentrations (0.3-1.0 mg/mL), endocytosis of cationized ferritin occurred mainly in small apical tubules and vesicles in striated duct cells. Little native ferritin was taken up at these concentrations. After stimulation of acinar cell secretion by isoproterenol, similar vacuoles were occasionally observ...
Optimization of cascade blade mistuning. I - Equations of motion andbasic inherent properties

Attention is given to the derivation of the equations of motion of mistuned compressor blades, interpolating aerodynamic coefficients by means of quadratic expressions in the reduced frequency. If the coefficients of the quadratic expressions are permitted to assume complex values, excellent accuracy is obtained and Pade rational expressions are obviated. On the basis of the resulting equations, it is shown analytically that the sum of all the real parts of the eigenvalues is independent of the mistuning introduced into the system. Blade mistuning is further treated through the aerodynamic energy approach, and the limiting vibration modes associated with alternative mistunings are identified.
Quantitative fluorescence microscopy

AbstractQuantitative fluorescence microscopy has exploited the principle that the excitation wavelengths of biological molecules is always lower than their emission wavelengths. This has enabled scientists to visualize biological structures and their functions. The addition of immunofluorescence techniques allowed the specificity of antibody-hapten bonds and naturally occurring ligands to be used to generate specific probes. New filter designs made it possible to simultaneously detect multiple tluorophores with even greater specificity. These, however, were only qualitative observations. The latest developments in engineered probes and microscopy methods such as radiomekic imaging, fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging, and fluorescence lifetime imaging have permitted quantitative measurements.This review examines the latest in quantification techniques and their applications. (The J Histotechnol 23:229, 2000).
An economic analysis of different strategies of immunization against hepatitis A virus in developed countries

Acute hepatitis A is a major public health problem in developed countries, and because a large proportion of patients with acute hepatitis A do not have any identifiable risk factors, current practice of targeting the high-risk groups for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) is unlikely to have a significant impact on the overall incidence of acute hepatitis A. No economic analysis of strategies of mass immunization against HAV is available. Three different strategies of immunization against HAV using commercially available inactivated vaccine were compared in a Markov model analysis of a cohort of 2-year-old healthy children in a developed country. In strategy I, universal vaccination was pursued. In strategy II, children were initially screened for antibody and, if susceptible, they were vaccinated. In strategy III, no vaccination was offered. Cost per person and quality adjusted life-years (QALY) gained in each strategy were the outcome measures compared. The baseline analysis showed that strategy II is more cost-effective than strategy I, with marginal cost-effectiveness ratios of $7,267.67 and $12,833.34, respectively, compared with a strategy of no intervention. Sensitivity analysis showed that if the cost of the two-dose vaccine could be reduced to less than $57, the strategy of universal vaccination would be the preferred immunization strategy. Different strategies of mass immunization against HAV in the developed countries are cost-effective by current standards of health care interventions and should be considered for incorporation into current childhood immunization programs.
The Pacification of Central America: Political Change in the Isthmus, 1987-1993

This unique guide to the politics and recent history of Central America by one of its most distinguished commentators opens with a succinct overview of pacification and democracy in the region. Dunkerley focuses on the causes and consequences of the ending of civil war in El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua. Drawing on a wide range of local and international sources, he stresses the variety of means by which peace has been sought and achieved. He also analyses economic performance, relations with the US, refugee and human rights problems, narcotics and corruption, and the issue of war crimes. The second section of the book comprises a detailed chronology covering all key developments between 1987 and 1993. the book concludes with indispensable appendices which clearly set out statistical profiles of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua for the decade since 1982. they document US economic and military aid to Central America, the dates and results of regional elections, and provide statistics on refugees and displaced persons. The Pacification of Central America is a valuable tool of reference for anyone with an interest in the complicated and often confusing politics of the region.
Differentiating reactive mesothelial cells from metastatic adenocarcinoma in serous effusions: The utility of immunocytochemical panel in the differential diagnosis

Differentiating reactive mesothelial cells (RMs) from metastatic adenocarcinoma cells (MAC) in serous fluids based on cytomorphologic features alone can be very challenging. Various immunocytochemical (ICC) markers have been used to maximize the diagnostic accuracy, however, cytopathologists still encounter difficulties in effusion cytologic diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate previous and recent ICC stains to identify the most sensitive and specific markers and the best panel for differentiating RM from MAC. Cell block sections from 41 MAC and 43 RM effusions cases were subjected to ICC staining for MOC-31, BerEp4, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), calretinin, HBME-1, CK5/6, and D2-40. For the MAC cases, the sensitivity of BerEp4, MOC-31, and CEA was 82.9, 92.6, and 17%, respectively, and the specificity was 95.3, 93, and 100%, respectively. For the RM cases, the sensitivity of calretinin, CK5/6, D2-40, and HBME-1 was 95.3, 27.9, 58.1, and 93%, respectively, and the specificity was 70.7, 73.1, 75.6, and 82.9%, respectively. The results show that BerEp4 and MOC-31 are highly sensitive and specific for detecting MAC, whereas calretinin and HBME1 are highly sensitive but only modestly specific for detecting RM cases (P < 0.05). Forced entry logistic regression revealed that using MOC-31, BerEp4, HBME-1, and calretinin, is an excellent panel for making correct diagnosis with 97.6% sensitivity in detecting MAC and 90.7% specificity in detecting RM. We conclude that adding a panel of MOC-31, BerEp4, calretinin, and HBME-1 immunostains to routine cytomorphologic features can greatly enhance the diagnostic accuracy of serous effusions.
Evolution: Journey or random walk?

Though early ideas of evolution saw it as progressive, most modern theories see it as a random walk. The theories of Richard Dawkins, Stephen Jay Gould, Edward O. Wilson, Stuart Kauffman, Steven Rose, and Robert Wesson are surveyed, showing their agreement on the fact of evolution but not on the mechanism. Evolution is an incomplete theory. Any theology should therefore be based only on its broadest features. Generally, evolution is the development of complex forms from simple ancestors. Within a Christian context, it can be seen as a journey toward the unification of all things in Christ, the ultimate complexity.
Designing the DomeCityMoo training collaboratory

This proposal argues that designing a multi-user social-process simulation in a shared virtual environment offers unique opportunities to explore intercultural issues such as identity, power, and prejudice because its collaborative environment is much less threatening than face-to-face. In the proposed Text-Based Networked Virtual Environment (TNVE) also known as a Multi-User Dimension Object Oriented (MOO), players' narratives and experiences provide the basis for discovery and exploration in a virtual training "collaboratory." The DomeCityMOO environment is unique in that it advances our state of knowledge of the effects of designing a non-scripted collaborative social process simulation for intercultural training purposes which supports both group and individual learning in a shared virtual work space.
Pattern spectrum and multiscale shape representation

The results of a study on multiscale shape description, smoothing and representation are reported. Multiscale nonlinear smoothing filters are first developed, using morphological opening and closings. G. Matheron (1975) used openings and closings to obtain probabilistic size distributions of Euclidean-space sets (continuous binary images). These distributions are used to develop a concept of pattern spectrum (a shape-size descriptor). A pattern spectrum is introduced for continuous graytone images and arbitrary multilevel signals, as well as for discrete images, by developing a discrete-size family of patterns. Large jumps in the pattern spectrum at a certain scale indicate the existence of major (protruding or intruding) substructures of the signal at the scale. An entropy-like shape-size complexity measure is also developed based on the pattern spectrum. For shape representation, a reduced morphological skeleton transform is introduced for discrete binary and graytone images. This transform is a sequence of skeleton components (sparse images) which represent the original shape at various scales. It is shown that the partially reconstructed images from the inverse transform on subsequences of skeleton components are the openings of the image at a scale determined by the number of eliminated components; in addition, two-way correspondences are established among the degree of shape smoothing via multiscale openings or closings, the pattern spectrum zero values, and the elimination or nonexistence of skeleton components at certain scales. >
The stratified microbial community at Laguna Figueroa, Baja California, Mexico: a possible model for prephanerozoic laminated microbial communities preserved in cherts

The microbial mat community of the evaporite flat at North Pond, Laguna Figueroa (Baja California, Mexico) was actively involved in the production of laminated sediments prior to 1978. Heavy rains in 1979 and 1980 flooded the mat with 1 and 3 meters of meteoric water respectively. The flooding deposited up to 10 cm of silicoclastic sediment over theMicrocoleus-dominated mat and resulted in the cessation of laminated sediment deposition. In 1982, the surface had been recolonized by species of cyanobacteria (Spirulina, Oscillatoria) and purple photosynthetic bacteria (Chromatium, Thiocapsa). The silicoclastic sediments and residual evaporites, which overlaid the laminated sediment, had been reworked into an anaerobic, sulfide-rich mud and contained well preserved sheaths of filamentous and coccoid bacteria.
Power and Precision in Confirmatory Factor Analytic Tests of Measurement Invariance

This study investigates the effects of sample size, factor overdetermination, and communality on the precision of factor loading estimates and the power of the likelihood ratio test of factorial invariance in multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Although sample sizes are typically thought to be the primary determinant of precision and power, the degree of factor overdetermination and the level of indicator communalities also play important roles. Based on these findings, no single rule of thumb regarding the ratio of sample size to number of indicators can ensure adequate power to detect a lack of measurement invariance.
Ion Beam Probe Measurements of Electron Temperature

The technique for measuring electron temperature with an ion beam probe has been refined, the time resolution reduced and the limitations evaluated. The technique involves sequentially probing the same volume of plasma with beams of different ion species and using the observed secondary ion currents and the known ionizing cross sections to evaluate the electron temperature. Spatial resolution is less than 0.1 cm3 and the time required to obtain a radial temperature profile is presently 10 msec. Detailed measurements have been made on a hollow cathode discharge and the results compared with Langmuir probe and spectroscopic data. Quantitative results can only be obtained with K+ -Na+ beams due to the lack of cross sections for other ion species. Better experimental data has been obtained with Rb+ and Cs+ beams but they cannot be reduced to Tee Theoretical cross sections provide qualitative indications of the system behavior but are not sufficiently accurate to permit quantitative data reduction.
Sibling Similarity in High School Graduation Outcomes: Causal Interdependency or Unobserved Heterogeneity?

This paper uses data on age-adjacent sibling pairs from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to test for causal interdependencies between the high school graduation outcomes of older and younger siblings. Even after controlling for observable background characteristics, the graduation probability of an individual whose sibling graduated from high school exceeds the graduation probability of an individual whose sibling did not graduate by a large amount. However, this difference does not measure the causal effect of sibling graduation because of unobserved family factors and genuine simultaneity in the determination of all siblings' graduation outcomes. To measure the causal effect of sibling achievement on own achievement, I specify models in which sibling achievement is endogenous and estimate these models by twostage methods using sibling-specific background characteristics as instruments. The evidence indicates that older sibling achievement has a positive causal effect on younger sibling achievement but that younger sibling achievement has no significant influence on older sibling achievement. These results are consistent with a model of intrafamily allocation in which parents learn about child endowments sequentially.
Airway Sensory Replacement Combined With Nicotine Replacement for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Using a Citric Acid Inhaler

Study objective This study was conducted to determine if the combination of airway sensory replacement and nicotine replacement improves 10-week smoking abstinence rates over nicotine replacement alone. Design Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Outpatient research clinic. Participants One hundred healthy volunteers who smoked at least one pack of cigarettes per day and desired to quit smoking. Interventions Subjects received either citric acid (n=41) or lactose placebo (n=59) inhalers to cope with smoking urges for 10 weeks. All subjects received self-help materials and nicotine patches for 6 weeks. Return visits were at weeks 1,4,6, and 10. Abstinence was defined as zero cigarettes smoked since the quit date verified by exhaled carbon monoxide ≤8 ppm at all return visits. Inhaler effects were measured by a standardized questionnaire. Measurements and results The primary outcome of continuous abstinence at the end of the 10-week treatment period was 19.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]=7.4 to 31.6%) for the citric acid group vs 6.8% (95% CI=0.4 to 13.2%) for the lactose group (p=0.05). Relief from craving and short-term abstinence increased as airway sensations from the inhaler also increased. Abstinence at 10 weeks for subjects receiving strong airway sensations from the inhalers was 33.3% (95%CI=14.5 to 52.1%). At 6 months, there was no difference in abstinence between the treatment groups (0% vs 5.1%, p=0.20). Conclusions When combined with the nicotine patch, the citric acid inhaler improved 10-week smoking abstinence over lactose inhaler. The combination of airway sensory replacement and nicotine replacement may prove beneficial for smoking cessation.
Removing the Crutch: External Support and the Dynamics of Armed Conflict

Empirical analysis of civil wars wherein rebels receive support from outside states or actors confirms the expectation that such external support is correlated with conflicts that, on average, are longer than civil wars without external support. When this assistance is lost, the empirical results are at odds with the expectation that these wars should end more rapidly. Instead, wars in which there is a break in external support are more likely to continue into the next calendar year than even those wars with continued external support. This counterintuitive finding suggests a re-evaluation of theoretical foundations of external support to rebel groups.
Impacting Practice Through Evidence-Based Education

Evidence-based practice has been demonstrated to positively impact patient outcomes, yet nurses are having difficulty incorporating it into their practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the educational needs of intensive care unit nurses regarding evidence-based practice and to implement a strategy to meet those needs. Evidence-based practice education in this pilot study was shown as an effective catalyst to nurses beginning and participating in evidence-based practice that could potentially improve patient outcomes.
Broadband parametric chirped pulse amplification at 1.5 µm

We present the design and performance of an OPCPA system operating at 1550 nm. The pump laser and the broadband phase matching in RTP and KTA are discussed in detail.
The Cognitive Functioning of Language Deficient Children

The cognitive functioning of 25 language deficient children, six through eight years of age, was compared with that of 14 matched controls. Language deficiency was defined by verbal IQ below 90 and...
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: MORE EVIDENCE*

A recently published meta-analysis of the impact of strategic planning on financial performance omitted a major study of corporate planning practice in Fortune 500 manufacturing firms. This article briefiy reviews that study in light of the results of the meta-analysis. Additional analysis examines performance and firm survival over a longer time period than in the original work. The overall conclusion is that a small but positive relationship between strategic planning and performance exists, and persists.
Forging a Migration Policy for Capital: Labor Shortages and Guest Workers

The expanding use of guest work is the wave of the future global neoliberal capitalism, but is a recurring theme in capitalism. The trade in global labor was pervasive during the Victorian age, second only to trade in finance. As the United States lost manufacturing to the global South, service and professional workers and their unions found it reassuring that that their jobs could not sent abroad. In the last decade, importing service workers from the global South is a dominant trend. As the United States is closing doors to traditional forms of immigration, it promotes migrant labor as a means to fill job shortages created by capital to lower wages. Guest work destabilizes the working class through turning “good jobs” into “bad jobs.” If comprehensive immigration reform includes guest work, borders will close and free migrant labor will become indentured labor. The World Bank and WTO view these programs as the new development model for the global South. Promoting export of skilled and unskilled labor be...
OM Forum: Offered Load Analysis for Staffing

This essay, based on my 2012 MSOM Fellow Lecture, discusses an idea that has been useful for developing effective methods to set staffing levels in service systems: offered load analysis. The main idea is to tackle a hard problem by first seeking an insightful simplification. For capacity planning to meet uncertain exogenous demand, offered load analysis looks at the amount of capacity that would be used if there were no constraints on its availability. This simplification is helpful because the stochastic model becomes much more tractable. Offered load analysis can be especially helpful when the demand is not only uncertain but also time varying, as in many service systems. Given the distribution of the stochastic offered load, we often can set staffing levels to stabilize performance at target levels, even in face of a strongly time-varying arrival rate, long service times, and network structure.
A self-organizing neural network architecture for navigation using optic flow

This article describes a self-organizing neural network architecture that transforms optic flow and eye position information into representations of heading, scene depth, and moving object locations. These representations are used to navigate reactively in simulations involving obstacle avoidance and pursuit of a moving target. The network's weights are trained during an action-perception cycle in which self-generated eye and body movements produce optic flow information, thus allowing the network to tune itself without requiring explicit knowledge of sensor geometry. The confounding effect of eye movement during translation is suppressed by learning the relationship between eye movement outflow commands and the optic flow signals that they induce. The remaining optic flow field is due to only observer translation and independent motion of objects in the scene. A self-organizing feature map categorizes normalized translational flow patterns, thereby creating a map of cells that code heading directions. He...
A Mass Spectrometric Study of Dielectric Breakdown

The volatile degradation materials from a polyimide insulation on magnet wire was studied under thermal stress alone and in the presence of both thermal and electrical stress. Both types of experiments were carried out under vacuum with the apparatus connected directly to a mass spectrometer. The combination of thermal and electrical stress led to a different mass spectrometric pattern than that for thermal stress alone. The most marked difference was the sharp increase in water peaks. The possible interpretations are discussed.
Targeting Proteases in Cardiovascular Diseases by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics

Proteases hydrolyze peptide bonds, thereby controlling the function of proteins and peptides on the posttranslational level. In the cardiovascular system, proteases play pivotal roles in the regulation of blood pressure, coagulation and other essential physiological processes. Accordingly, proteases are prime targets for therapeutic interventions and diagnostics. Proteases are part of complex proteolytic networks comprised of enzymes, inhibitors, activators, substrates and cleavage products. Analyzing these networks on a system-wide level is essential to understanding cardiovascular function and how dysregulation can lead to pathological conditions. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative and dynamic proteomics approaches are leading the way to enhance our knowledge of proteolytic networks such as the renin-angiotensin-system. Here, we critically review proteomics tools utilized in protease biology and provide an overview on how these methods can be used to characterize and validate protease function.
Ethics as an Undergraduate Psychology Outcome: When, Where, and How to Teach it

The American Psychological Association (APA) recently approved a new set of Guidelines for the undergraduate psychology major, version 2.0 (APA, 2013a) which addressed ethics specifically. Yet the ...
An adjoint-based approach to computing the time-domain sensitivity of systems described by reduced-order models

This paper describes an algorithm for computing time-domain sensitivities via the adjoint analysis principal. The key feature in the proposed algorithm stems from enabling the application of the adjoint sensitivity in computing sensitivities of large linear systems represented through model-order reduction techniques.
Micro-Managing Myocyte Mitosis

See related article, pages 670–679 In the adult mammalian heart, cardiac myocyte renewal is rare1,2 and insufficient to restore normal pump function after significant myocardial damage. Recent studies, however, suggest that zebrafish hearts3–5 and neonatal mouse hearts6 can regenerate after injury through enhanced cardiac myocyte proliferation. In mice, this restorative potential is lost shortly after birth.6 In this issue of Circulation Research , Porrello et al identify the microRNA (miR)-15 family of miRs as potential mediators of the postnatal loss of proliferative potential.7 Most (if not all) adult mammalian cardiac myocytes permanently exit the cell cycle and do not proliferate even when challenged by injury or stress. Scientists have long sought to understand the mechanisms that prevent cardiac myocyte cell cycle reentry and to overcome these blocks to generate new functional myocytes.8 Experimental approaches in the past have included manipulation of direct cell cycle regulators such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and regulation of myofibril disassembly, which is thought to be necessary for the mature cardiac myocyte to undergo cell division (cytokinesis).9 Excitement and enthusiasm for seeking a deeper understanding of this phenomenon have been enhanced by the discovery that adult zebrafish hearts can regenerate even after significant injury4 and by the more recent observation by Porrello et al that newborn mouse hearts can also regenerate.6 These findings indicate that functional cardiac myocytes, with contractile sarcomeres and myofibrils, are able to reenter the cell cycle and undergo cytokinesis to generate new myocytes. Importantly, this capacity is largely lost …
Structural fidelity and NMR relaxation analysis in a prototype RNA hairpin

RNA hairpins are widespread and very stable motifs that contribute decisively to RNA folding and biological function. The GTP1G2C3A4C5U6U7C8G9G10U11G12C13C14 construct (with a central UUCG tetraloop) has been extensively studied by solution NMR, and offers and excellent opportunity to evaluate the structure and dynamical description afforded by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Here, we compare average structural parameters and NMR relaxation rates estimated from a series of multiple independent explicit solvent MD simulations using the two most recent RNA AMBER force fields (ff99 and ff10). Predicted overall tumbling times are ~20% faster than those inferred from analysis of NMR data and follow the same trend when temperature and ionic strength is varied. The Watson–Crick stem and the “canonical” UUCG loop structure are maintained in most simulations including the characteristic syn conformation along the glycosidic bond of G9, although some key hydrogen bonds in the loop are partially disrupted. Our analysis pinpoints G9–G10 backbone conformations as a locus of discrepancies between experiment and simulation. In general the results for the more recent force-field parameters (ff10) are closer to experiment than those for the older ones (ff99). This work provides a comprehensive and detailed comparison of state of the art MD simulations against a wide variety of solution NMR measurements.
An electromagnetic compatibility course for computer engineers

An EMC course specifically designed for computer engineering students is proposed. The course is based on the electric and magnetic potentials rather than on fields. This approach emphasizes a circuit approach to electromagnetics so that students who do not have a background in electromagnetic field theory can gain a useful base in electromagnetic compatibility issues.
Illusory Causation in the Courtroom

A large body of evidence indicates that people attribute unwarranted causality (influence) to a stimulus simply because it is more noticeable or salient than other available stimuli. This article reviews recent research demonstrating that this illusory–causation phenomenon can produce serious prejudicial effects with regard to how people evaluate certain types of legal evidence. Specifically, evaluations of videotaped confessions can be significantly altered by presumably inconsequential changes in the camera perspective taken when the confessions are initially recorded. Videotaped confessions recorded with the camera focused on the suspect—compared with videotapes from other camera points of view (e.g., focused equally on the suspect and interrogator) or with more traditional presentation formats (i.e., transcripts and audiotapes)—lead mock jurors to judge that the confessions were more voluntary and, most important, that the suspects are more likely to be guilty. Because actual criminal interrogations a...
Effect of denaturant and protein concentrations upon protein refolding and aggregation: A simple lattice model

We present a study of the competition between protein refolding and aggregation for simple lattice model proteins. The effect of solvent conditions (i.e., the denaturant concentration and the protein concentration) on the folding and aggregation behavior of a system of simple, two-dimensional lattice protein molecules has been investigated via (dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. The population profiles and aggregation propensities of the nine most populated intermediate configurations exhibit a complex dependence on the solution conditions that can be understood by considering the competition between intra- and interchain interactions. Some of these configurations are not even seen in isolated chain simulations; they are observed to be highly aggregation prone and are stabilized primarily by the aggregation reaction in multiple-chain systems. Aggregation arises from the association of partially folded intermediates rather than from the association of denatured random-coil states. The aggregation reaction dominates over the folding reaction at high protein concentration and low denaturant concentration, resulting in low refolding yields at those conditions. However, optimum folding conditions exist at which the refolding yield is a maximum, in agreement with some experimental observations.
Preparing Student Nurses to Provide Home Care for Children with Disabilities: A Strengths-Based Approach:

Children with chronic illnesses and disability are surviving prematurity, trauma, and congenital disorders once thought to be fatal and are becoming a larger part of core nursing practice. Increasingly, these children are being cared for in their homes. However, traditional nursing educational programs do not offer courses in the management of children with chronic conditions, nor do they provide clinical experiences in home settings. This article discusses the need for courses that increase awareness, sensitivity, and knowledge about children and families with special needs and suggests a family-centered approach for preparing nursing students to provide home care for children with disabilities that focuses on the strengths and abilities of the children and their families to manage their own situations. Students are encouraged to “think S for success”— symptoms, safety, sequellae, strengths, and satisfaction. These five Ss provide an easy system for remembering what is important in chronic care management.
A refrigerated Dewar for the Josephson array voltage calibration system

A refrigerated Dewar has been used successfully with the Josephson array voltage calibration system to reliquefy helium with no degradation of the calibration system's performance. The design of the Dewar is detailed, and experimental data obtained using it are reported. The independence of the array voltage from temperature has been confirmed to three parts in 10/sup 8/ per degree Kelvin using this Dewar. >
Recent Progresses in Understanding Gettering in Silicon

For IC fabrications using CZ Si, intrinsic gettering utilizing oxygen precipitation has been extensively studied in the past, with the main efforts concentrated on the engineering and scientific aspects of the creation of gettering sites. The present review, however, will focus on recent progresses on the modeling of processes and mechanisms of the gettering of metallic impurities from the device active regions to the created gettering regions, together with the electrical activity of impurity precipitates.
Structural Basis of Neurohormone Perception by the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Torso

In insects, brain-derived Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) activates the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Torso to initiate metamorphosis through the release of ecdysone. We have determined the crystal structure of silkworm PTTH in complex with the ligand-binding region of Torso. Here we show that ligand-induced Torso dimerization results from the sequential and negatively cooperative formation of asymmetric heterotetramers. Mathematical modeling of receptor activation based upon our biophysical studies shows that ligand pulses are "buffered" at low receptor levels, leading to a sustained signal. By contrast, high levels of Torso develop the signal intensity and duration of a noncooperative system. We propose that this may allow Torso to coordinate widely different functions from a single ligand by tuning receptor levels. Phylogenic analysis indicates that Torso is found outside arthropods, including human parasitic roundworms. Together, our findings provide mechanistic insight into how this receptor system, with roles in embryonic and adult development, is regulated.
A Conceptual Framework for Barriers to the Recruitment and Retention of Rural CVD Participants in Behavior Intervention Trials.

Rural residents diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or with CVD-related risks are underrepresented in behavioral intervention trials based on an extensive review of published studies. The low participation rate of rural residents weakens both the internal and external validity of published studies. Moreover, compared to urban residents, limited research exists to describe the unique barriers that limit the participation of rural residents in behavioral intervention trials. Objective: The purpose of this review is to identify a conceptual framework (CF) underpinning common barriers faced by rural CVD patients to enroll in behavioral intervention trials. Methods: We conducted a literature review using several electronic databases to obtain a representative sample of research articles, synthesized the evidence, and developed a CF to explain the barriers that may affect the research participation rate of rural residents with CVD or related risks. Results: We found our evidence-based CF well explained the barriers for rural CVD patients to take part in behavioral intervention trials. Besides contextual factors (i.e. patient, community and research levels), other common factors impacting rural patients’ intent to enroll are lack of awareness and understanding about behavioral trials, limited support from their healthcare providers and social circles, unfavorable attitudes, and the lack of opportunity to participating research. Conclusion and Implication of result: the findings demonstrate the evidence-based model consisting of interlinked multi-level factors may help our understanding of the barriers encountered by rural CVD patients participating interventions to promote behavioral change. The implication for researchers is that identifying and developing strategies to overcome the barriers precedes conducting studies in rural communities.
Kierkegaard on the eternal validity of the self

The mysterious phrase, ‘the eternal validity of the self,’ is clearly quite important in Kierkegaard’s pseudonymous works. A reader of those works will see that becoming aware of your eternal validity is a prerequisite for becoming both Judge William’s ‘ethical man’ and Johannes de Silentio’s ‘knight of faith,’ but the same reader is likely to be unsure just what it means to become aware of yourself in your eternal validity. In this paper, I discuss and critique various accounts of the concept of the eternal validity of the self. Then, I offer an account of that notion which proceeds from careful attention to Judge William’s use of the phrase in Either/Or. Finally, I connect my account with some of Kierkegaard’s writings beyond Either/Or.
Modeling 3D video traffic using a Markov modulated gamma process

Three-dimensional (3D) television and video streaming has become very popular over the last few years. Multiview encoded video is used to support 3D video applications. The statistical characteristics of multiview video are significantly different from the traditional single-view video and therefore existing video traffic models are no more applicable for this type of video. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new model for multiview video that is based on a Markov process. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one other model for multiview video that has been proposed in the literature by Rossi et al. We compared the two models using Q-Q plots and the autocorrelation function of the frame sizes along with QoS metrics of the resulting packet traces estimated by simulation. The comparison results show that our model has less complexity and better accuracy.
Acute Appendicitis in Children Is Associated With a Local Expansion of Fusobacteria

BACKGROUND Lumenal obstruction has typically been regarded as the cause of acute appendicitis (AA). Recent evidence including data from "antibiotics first" trials suggests that this disease may result from invasion of the appendix by specific pathogens. Small studies have identified an abundance of bacteria from the genus Fusobacterium in appendixes from patients with AA. We aimed to validate these findings in a larger cohort of children with appendicitis in addition to profiling the appendiceal microbiota in a population of children without appendicitis. METHODS Appendix swabs were collected from children undergoing appendectomy for AA (n = 60), incidental appendectomy for reasons other than appendicitis (n = 18), or ileocecectomy for inflammatory bowel disease (n = 7), in addition to samples from other sites. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from each sample were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed with the UPARSE and QIIME programs. RESULTS We found that the normal human appendix harbors populations of Fusobacteria that are generally absent in fecal samples from healthy adults and children. In patients with AA, Fusobacteria populations proliferate and often persist despite several weeks of broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to surgery. Relative to non-AA samples, AA samples were depleted of sequences from the genus Bacteroides Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data indicates that F. nucleatum, F. necrophorum, and F. varium are the species of Fusobacterium observed in AA samples. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the appendiceal niche harbors distinct microbial populations that likely contribute to the pathogenesis of appendicitis, which may one day be leveraged to improve the diagnosis and/or treatment of patients with AA.
Inverses of Vandermonde Matrices

(1958). Inverses of Vandermonde Matrices. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 65, No. 2, pp. 95-100.
Approximating the Zeros of a Polynomial

(1962). Approximating the Zeros of a Polynomial. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 165-172.
Epinephrine potentiation of platelet aggregation: its effect on death from experimental pulmonaryeembolism.

Abstract When massive thromboemboli were released to the pulmonary circulation of rabbits, rapid respiratory arrest and death occurred in only 15 per cent of the animals. If comparable thromboemboli were released 30 minutes after an intravenous injection of 5 μg per kilogram of epinephrine, the mortality rate rose to 60 per cent and was associated with a marked drop in the circulating platelet count. Both heparin and an antiserotonin agent prevented this increased mortality rate. Thrombin adsorbed to fibrin in pulmonary emboli is believed to cause platelets to adhere to the emboli, with the associated release of the platelet contents. The present study indicates that epinephrine potentiates this interaction. Platelet aggregation by thrombin measured in vitro was greatly enhanced by epinephrine, added either in vivo or in vitro. The results emphasize the importance of platelet-mediated humoral factors in the immediate response to fresh thromboemboli and suggest a mechanism whereby well-tolerated emboli can become lethal.
Parenteral Iron and Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Therapy to Stimulate Erythropoiesis in Patients Undergoing Repair of Hip Fracture

We have previously demonstrated the value of erythropoietin therapy and oral iron supplementation coupled with autologous blood donation in patients undergoing elective orthopaedic procedures. For patients undergoing non-elective surgery such as repair of hip fracture, however, alternative approaches to blood conservation must be developed. To investigate one approach, patients undergoing surgical repair of hip fracture were administered parenteral iron (Iron Dextran USP, 100 mg daily by continuous intravenous infusion) and recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO, 150 u/kg subcutaneously daily) during hospitalization in order to stimulate erythropoiesis. Of nine evaluable patients, three showed evidence of low iron stores. The median total iron therapy administered was 500 mg (the equivalent of 2 1/2 blood units). The median total EPO dose administered was 737 u/kg. The median estimated red blood cell volume produced by the combined therapy was 398 ml (the equivalent of two blood units). Six of eight patients who had reticulocyte data available showed increases in reticulocyte counts. The median admission and discharge hematocrit levels were 35.2% and 31.8%, respectively. Six of nine patients did not require allogeneic blood units. We conclude that parenteral iron supplementation and EPO therapy can stimulate effective erythropoiesis in hip fracture patients, and provide a possible approach to blood conservation in these non-elective surgical patients.
Experimental set-up of DC PEV charging station supported by open and interoperable communication technologies

This paper is focused on a laboratory smart power architecture designed to experiment fast charging and V2G operations for road electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The analysed power configuration is based on a DC bus architecture, which presents the main advantage of an easy integration of renewable energy sources and buffered storage systems. The energy management of this system is supported by open and interoperable communication technologies, which adopts Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) as network communication and application protocol. This allows the PEV charge point to exchange data and commands with any central management system over the Internet with the goal of ensuring truly interoperability and scalability. Furthermore, both short- and long-range wireless communication technologies are supported, which facilitates easy integration into existing communication infrastructures.
A Physically Based Dynamic Model for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

This paper presents a physically based dynamic model for tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on the electrochemical and thermodynamic characteristics inside SOFC. The diffusion, material conservation, electrochemical, and thermodynamic equations are used to develop the SOFC model. The effect of temperature on the steady-state (V-I and P-I) characteristics of the SOFC model has been studied, and the model responses have been obtained for constant fuel flow as well as for constant fuel utilization operating modes. The dynamic characteristics of the model are investigated in small, medium, and large timescales, from milliseconds to minutes. The model has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and used to investigate the distributed generation applications of SOFCs.
DNA-dependent homodimerization, sub-cellular partitioning, and protein destabilization control WUSCHEL levels and spatial patterning

Abstract The homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) promotes stem cell maintenance in inflorescence meristems of Arabidopsis thaliana. WUS, which is synthesized in the rib meristem, migrates and accumulates at lower levels in adjacent cells. Maintenance of WUS protein levels and spatial patterning distribution is not well-understood. Here, we show that the last 63-aa stretch of WUS is necessary for maintaining different levels of WUS protein in the rib meristem and adjacent cells. The 63-aa region contains the following transcriptional regulatory domains: the acidic region, the WUS-box, which is conserved in WUS-related HOMEOBOX family members, and the ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR-like) domain. Our analysis reveals that the opposing functions of WUS-box, which is required for nuclear retention, and EAR-like domain, which participates in nuclear export, are necessary to maintain higher nuclear levels of WUS in cells of the rib meristem and lower nuclear levels in adjacent cells. We also show that the N-terminal DNA binding domain, which is required for both DNA binding and homodimerization, along with the homodimerization sequence located in the central part of the protein, restricts WUS from spreading excessively and show that the homodimerization is critical for WUS function. Our analysis also reveals that a higher level of WUS outside the rib meristem leads to protein destabilization, suggesting a new tier of regulation in WUS protein regulation. Taken together our data show that processes that influence WUS protein levels and spatial distribution are highly coupled to its transcriptional activity.
Microhydrodynamics of particulate: Suspensions

Abstract Recent advances in the study of suspensions of small particles are reviewed. The advances considered fall within the categories of suspension rheology, sedimentation, dynamic simulation, and experimental techniques. One subtopic emphasized throughout this review is hydrodynamic diffusion, which arises due to the fluctuating motion of particles as they experience interactions with neighboring particles in a sheared or sedimenting suspension. The net effect of these interactions is that particles will migrate from regions of high concentration to low concentration, and from regions of high shear to low shear.