cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards an industrial history of celebrity gossip: The National Enquirer, People Magazine and ‘personality journalism’ in the 1970s

In ‘Approaching celebrity studies’, published in the inaugural edition of this journal, Graeme Turner underscores the fact that celebrity, apart from being approached as a form of representation, discourse and cultural formation, ‘needs to be understood and studied as an industry’. Working within this paradigm, this article works towards a production history of that industry, examining the development, production and discourse surrounding two essential celebrity-based publications of the 1970s: The National Enquirer and People Magazine. The author argues for The National Enquirer and People Magazine as symptomatic of the 1970s trend towards ‘personality journalism’, while emphasising the specific ways in which the success of both publications may be traced to the reconciliation of two types of publication – the scandal rag and the fan magazine – that had ceased to attract large readerships. With innovations in form, content, mode of production and distribution, People Magazine and The National Enquirer ...
Magnetic nanoparticles temperature measurements

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have an ever increasing role in the medical world, particularly in thermal therapies (magnetohypertermia, ablation) for the treatment of cancer. These treatments would benefit of accurate monitoring of the temperature of the MNPs for optimal remedial conditions. It has been shown that the magnetic spectroscopy of nanoparticle Brownian motion (MSB), can be used to measure the temperature of MNPs.
High-temperature ceramic superconductors derived from the sol-gel process

Abstract X-ray diffraction, four-probe electrical resistance and susceptibility measurements have been performed on class I and II ceramic superconductors produced by the sol-gel process. The onset temperature Tc was 91 and 23 K for YBa2Cu3O6 + x (class II) and La1.9Ba0.1CuO4 (class I) respectively. The diamagnetic transition of each sample was consistent with its resistive transition.
Establishment of hardwood tree and shrub species on a Texas lignite mine using irrigation, mulch and shade

Abstract Hardwood tree and shrub species were planted in 1989 and 1990 to determine survival value of irrigation, mulch and artificial shade in 1989 and irrigation only in 1990. Mean 1989 survival was significantly (α=0.05) increased by irrigation (61% vs. 35%), whereas mulch and shade appeared to have no effect. A subset of the 1989 plots was irrigated again in 1990, and new plots were established. Mulch and shade were discontinued as treatments. The 1990 survival of the 1989 planting showed that irrigation during a second year had no additional effect on survival (41% irrigated in 1989; 42% irrigated in both 1989 and 1990; 25% never irrigated). Survival of the 1990 seedlings was lower than in 1989, but was significantly (α=0.05) increased by irrigation (38% vs. 22%). The research tested a simple, mobile irrigation system that can be economically applied to similar situations.
Improve quality of care with remote activity and fall detection using ultrasonic sensors

In this paper a fall detection system is presented that automatically detects the fall of a person and their location using an array of ultrasonic wave transducers connected to a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) processor. Experimental results are provided on a prototype deployment installed at an assisted living community. The system can provide a cost-effective and intelligent method to help caregivers detect a fall quickly so that patients are treated in a timely manner. In addition to room monitoring and local alert functions, the system incorporates a personal computer and wireless connection to enable remote monitoring of patient's activity and health status
Prediction of Severe Accident Counter Current Natural Circulation Flows in the Hot Leg of a Pressurized Water Reactor

During certain phases of a severe accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR), the core becomes uncovered and steam carries heat to the steam generators through natural circulation. For PWR’s with U-tube steam generators and loop seals filled with water, a counter current flow pattern is established in the hot leg. This flow pattern has been experimentally observed and has been predicted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Predictions of severe accident behavior are routinely carried out using severe accident system analysis codes such as SCDAP/RELAP5 or MELCOR. These codes, however, were not developed for predicting the three-dimensional natural circulation flow patterns during this phase of a severe accident. CFD, along with a set of experiments at 1/7th scale, have been historically used to establish the flow rates and mixing for the system analysis tools. One important aspect of these predictions is the counter current flow rate in the nearly 30 inch diameter hot leg between the reactor vessel and steam generator. This flow rate is strongly related to the amount of energy that can be transported away from the reactor core. This energy transfer plays a significant role in the prediction of core failures as well as potential failures in other reactor coolant system piping. CFD is used to determine the counter current flow rate during a severe accident. Specific sensitivities are completed for parameters such as surge line flow rates, hydrogen content, as well as vessel and steam generator temperatures. The predictions are carried out for the reactor vessel upper plenum, hot leg, a portion of the surge line, and a steam generator blocked off at the outlet plenum. All predictions utilize the FLEUNT V6 CFD code. The volumetric flow in the hot leg is assumed to be proportional to the square root of the product of normalized density difference, gravity, and hydraulic diameter to the 5th power. CFD is used to determine the proportionality constant in the range from 0.11 to 0.13 and termed a discharge coefficient. The value is relatively unchanged for typical surge line flow rates as well as the hydrogen content in the flow. Over a significant range of expected temperature differences for the steam generator and reactor vessel upper plenum, the discharge coefficient also remained consistent. The discharge coefficient is a suitable model for determining the hot leg counter current flow rates during this type of severe accident.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Herpes Simplex Virus-Stimulated |[gamma]|-Interferon Production by Newborn Mononuclear Cells

ABSTRACT. Blood mononuclear cells from newborns and from adults, immune or nonimmune to herpes simplex virus, were cultured with IL 2 and herpes simplex virus and the amount of γ-interferon in the supernatant measured after 3 days. The newborn and nonimmune adult cells made equivalent trace amounts of γ-interferon in cultures containing either herpes simplex virus or IL 2 alone and there was a 5- to 10-fold increase in cultures containing both. Experiments in which the Leu 11+ cells were either depleted or enriched suggest that this subset of natural killer cells is both necessary and sufficient for γ-interferon production in the absence of immune T cells.
Response to Rigato et al.: bilirubin and non-hepatic disease – a jaundiced view

Kudos to Rigato [1] for their important and timely review of the association between serum bilirubin levels and several non-hepatic disorders. Investigations of the physiological effects of bilirubin have generally focused on toxicity resulting from high circulating levels (kernicterus). Yet, the fact that some non-mammalian vertebrates lack biliverdin reductase and therefore do not produce bilirubin in vivo suggests that the development of the energetically costly process of bilirubin production and elimination might be evolutionarily adaptive.
The Assimilation of In-Laws: The Impact of Newcomers on the Communication Routines of Families

Although our popular culture stereotypes relationships with in-laws as problematic, these relationships have largely been overlooked by communication researchers. In contrast to existing studies focusing on dyadic relationships, this study looked at how in-laws are assimilated into the family group as newcomers, using structuration theory to examine how routines are reproduced in families. In personal interviews, participants described how their families had assimilated newcomers or how they themselves were received into their spouse's families. A thematic analysis revealed specific communication routines that had to be adjusted upon entry of newcomers, including conversational topics, expected amount of interaction, use of joking, and conversational styles. Adjustments to these routines, although difficult to negotiate because they were not openly discussed, helped to transform the family of childhood into the family of adulthood. Structuration theory would suggest that the perceived stress in relationsh...
Assessment of dopamine D1 receptor affinity and efficacy of three tetracyclic conformationally-restricted analogs of SKF38393

Abstract To assess the effect of conformational mobility on receptor activity, the β-phenyl substituent of dopamine D 1 agonist ligands of the phenylbenzazepine class, (±)-6,6a,7,8,9,13b-hexahydro-5 H -benzo[ d ]naphtho[2,1- b ]azepine-11,12-diol ( 8 ), and its oxygen and sulfur bioisosteres 9 and 10 , respectively, were synthesized as conformationally-restricted analogs of SKF38393, a dopamine D 1 -selective partial agonist. Compounds trans - 8b , 9 , and 10 showed binding affinity comparable to that of SKF38393, but functionally, they displayed only very weak agonist activity. These results suggest that the conformationally-restricted structure of the analogs cannot adopt a binding orientation that is necessary for agonist activity.
A procedure for relining a complete or removable partial denture without the use of wax

Abstract Various procedures are used to reline removable dentures. Some of these involve the use of wax to seal the denture to the cast for flasking and processing. This necessitates the use of high temperatures for an extended period and involves the risk of warpage of the denture. It is also relatively time-consuming. This article describes a procedure that uses polyvinyl siloxane instead of wax. The procedure is more time efficient and decreases the risk of warpage of the denture. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:604-6.)
The proteomic response of sea squirts (genus Ciona ) to acute heat stress: A global perspective on the thermal stability of proteins

Congeners belonging to the genus Ciona have disparate distributions limited by temperature. Ciona intestinalis is more widespread with a cosmopolitan distribution ranging from tropical to sub-arctic zones, while Ciona savignyi is limited to temperate-latitudes of the northern Pacific Ocean. To compare the heat stress response between congeners, we quantified changes in protein expression using proteomics. Animals were exposed to 22°C, 25°C, and 28°C for 6h, then recovered at a control temperature (13°C) for 16h (high heat stress experiment). In a second experiment we exposed animals to lower levels of heat stress at 18°C, 20°C, and 23°C, with a 16°C control. A quantitative analysis, using 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (with a 69% and 93% identification rate for Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi, respectively), showed changes in a number of protein functional groups, including molecular chaperones, extracellular matrix proteins, calcium-binding proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and proteins involved in energy metabolism. Our results indicate that C. intestinalis maintains higher constitutive levels of molecular chaperones than C. savignyi, suggesting that it is prepared to respond faster to thermal stress. Systematic discrepancies between estimated versus predicted molecular masses of identified proteins differed between protein families and were more pronounced under high heat conditions, suggesting that thermal sensitivities are lower for cytoskeletal proteins and ATP-synthase than for any other protein group represented on 2D gels.
The migration and coalescence of tritium-induced helium bubbles on grain boundaries in nickel

Abstract The migration and coalescence of sub-critical helium bubbles on grain boundaries during creep in nickel has been studied. Helium was introduced without radiation damage by tritium decay following gas phase charging. An initial population of helium bubbles was then stabilized by suitable heat treatment. Interrupted creep tests, followed by sectioning and quantitative metallography, revealed that the initial fine scale distribution of small (2–4 nm) bubbles quickly coarsened during primary creep until the critical size for growth by vacancy absorption was attained, resulting in a fixed distribution of cavity nuclei. The characteristics of that distribution, including average spacing and stress dependence, strongly supported the Beere migration and coalescence model. Thin film transmission microscopy of interrupted creep specimens provided additional supporting evidence.
A phase I trial of high-dose clofarabine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with primary refractory and relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Clofarabine has significant single-agent activity in patients with indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma and synergizes with DNA-damaging drugs. Treatment, however, may be associated with severe and prolonged myelosuppression. We conducted a phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of clofarabine in combination with high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Patients received clofarabine at 30-70 mg/m2/day on days −6 to −2 in successive cohorts, in combination with etoposide 60 mg/kg (day −8), and cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg (day −6), followed by filgrastim-mobilized PBSC on day 0. Sixteen patients of median age 57 (range: 32-67) years with diffuse large B cell (n = 8), follicular (n = 5), or mantle cell (n = 3) lymphoma that was either primary refractory (n = 2) or relapsed and refractory (n = 14) were treated at 5 clofarabine dose levels: 30 (n = 3), 40 (n = 3), 50 (n = 3), 60 (n = 3), and 70 mg/m2/day (n = 4) in combination with etoposide and cyclophosphamide. All patients had grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Grade 3-4 nonhematologic toxicity was evenly distributed across all 5 dose levels, and included diarrhea (n = 3), mucositis (n = 1), nausea (n = 1), reversible elevation of alanine aminotranferease/aspartate aminotransferase (AST/ALT) (n = 1) or bilirubin (n = 1), and hemorrhagic cystitis (n = 1); all resolved by day +30 following transplantation. The MTD was not reached. No treatment-related deaths occurred. At day +30, 13 patients achieved a complete remission (CR) or unconfirmed CR (CRU), and 2 patients achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 94%. After a median follow-up of 691 days, the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43%-91%) and 68% (95% CI: 49%-96%), respectively. We recommend clofarabine 70 mg/m2/day × 5 days as a phase II dose in combination with high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide for further testing as a preparative regimen in NHL patients undergoing autologous PBSC transplantation.
Survey of obstetrics and gynecology residents’ training and opinions on robotic surgery

To investigate obstetrics and gynecology residents’ access to training in robotics and their opinions of its utility and future in gynecologic surgery a 31-item questionnaire was developed and distributed to Ob/Gyn residents in the United States via email. Results were tabulated via SurveyMonkey.com©. A total of 470 residents representative of all ACOG districts and PGY levels responded. A total of 72% of residents reported ≥3 staff surgeons performing robotic gynecologic surgery at their institution and 70% had participated in robotic surgery in the past 12 months. Robotic hysterectomy (81%) and oncologic surgery (76%) were the most frequently performed procedures. A total of 79% believe their institution should provide formal training in robotics, but only 38% report access to it. A total of 23% have operated at the surgeon console, and 44% plan to incorporate robotic surgery into their practice after completing residency. A total of 3.6% feel equipped to perform robotic surgery without additional training. A total of 63% believe robotic surgery in gynecology will continue to increase in popularity. Exposure to gynecologic robotic procedures during residency is increasing. Although residents believe robotics has a place in gynecology, many feel formalized training has not been successfully implemented into their residency. Development of a structured program for training residents in robotics merits further investigation.
“From Moral Aristocracy to Christian Social Democracy”: The Transformation of Character Education in the Hi‐Y, 1910–1940

In the early twentieth century, many American educators pinned their hopes for a revitalized nation on the character education of "youth," especially adolescent boys. Although the emphasis on student morality was far from novel-nineteenth-century common and secondary schools operated as bastions of Protestant republican virtue-new perceptions of moral decay, institutional failure, and general cultural anomie prompted a marked increase in urgency.' Among the many agencies confronting this impending moral crisis, the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) had perhaps the most comprehensive program of regeneration for American youth, encompassing a carefully articulated system extending from boyhood to collegiate and employed young men. Despite this expansive role, historians have produced only cursory glimpses of this organization, neglecting in particular the 'YMCA's work in developing an extracurricular program of moral education in public high schools.2
Effects of selected secondary metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme on unscheduled synthesis of DNA by rat primary hepatocytes.

The Fusarium moniliforme mycotoxins—fusarin C1 fumonisin B1, moniliformin and bikaverin—were evaluated for genotoxicity by their ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in primary rat hepatocytes. Isolated hepatocytes were exposed to several concentrations of moniliformin (5.0–500 μm), bikaverin (1.0–500 μm), fumonisin B1 (0.5–250 μm), or fusarin C (1.0–100 μm). Aflatoxin B1, a known inducer of UDS, was included as a positive control. UDS was determined by autoradiography of cells after their exposure to [3H]thymidine. The highest doses of fusarin C and bikaverin caused cell death, but no cytotoxicity was observed in cells exposed to moniliformin or fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B1, moniliformin and bikaverin were not genotoxic in the UDS assay. The results of the UDS assay with fusarin C were inconclusive since a marginal effect on UDS was obtained.
Altruism, Grief, and Identity

The divide between oneself and others has made altruism seem irrational to some thinkers, as Sidgwick points out. I use characterizations of grief, especially by St. Augustine, to question the divide, and use a composition-as-identity metaphysics of parts and wholes to make literal sense of those characterizations.
High Resolution Proton Resonance Reactions

For the past several years we have been measuring proton excitation functions for all available even-even isotopes in the mass region 40≤ A≤ 64. These excitation functions extend over energy ranges greater than 1 MeV and on the average were taken in energy steps of about 200 eV. One can quickly calculate that for the 18 isotopes studied or being studied this represents a tremendous amount of data. My graduate students, past and present, who performed these experiments are as follows: 40Ar Dr. G. A. Key worth(1) 40,42,44,48Ca Mr. W. M. Wilson (in progress)(2,3) 46,48,50Ti Dr. N. H. Prochnow(4) 50,52,54Cr Dr. J. D. Moses(5) 54,56,58Fe Dr. D. P. Lindstrom(6) 58,60,62,64Ni Dr. J. C. Browne(7,8) In addition we have studied the (p,p′) and (p,n)(9) reactions for the above isotopes whenever possible. We are now engaged in high resolution (p,γ) measurements on the analogue fine structure states in 54Cr and 58Fe and Mr. W. C. Peters is responsible for these measurements.(10) The high resolution techniques used in these experiments were developed in collaboration with Professor H. W. Newson of Duke University. In recent years I’ve enjoyed the close collaboration of Professor G. E. Mitchell of North Carolina State University and The Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory.
Photoperiod and temperature effects on tropically- and temperately-adapted sorghum

Abstract Grain yields of tropically-adapted (TA) sorghum hybrids far exceed those obtained with temperately-adapted (TE) sorghums in south Texas and other more tropical areas. This study was conducted to determine if photoperiod, temperature, and/or photoperiod-temperature interactions were responsible for the observed differences between TA and TE sorghum hybrids. Plants were grown in temperature-controlled glasshouses at two temperatures, 30/20 and 35/25 (day/night, °C). Three planting dates were used to attain different photoperiod regimes. Generally, the TA hybrid ATx623 × RTx430 maintained more green leaves, as compared to the TE hybrid ATx × RTx415. Both TA and TE hybrids senesced the same number of leaves regardless of temperature. Differences in leaf area at physiological maturity between TA and TE hybrids were more related to leaf number/plant and leaf-blade area than the number of leaves senesced. Phenology and leaf area development varied with planting date, temperature, and hybrid. The duration of vegetative development (GS1) was greater for TA hybrids when grown under short daylengths and low temperature. At high temperatures, GS1 was similar for TA and TE hybrids under the short daylengths of planting date 3, but differed among hybrids when grown under the longer daylengths of planting dates 1 and 2. Also, under short daylengths the hybrids derived from TA parents produced more leaves and greater leaf area only at the high temperature. Under the long daylength (planting date 2), TA hybrids produced more leaves and greater leaf area than the TE hybrid, irrespective of temperature. These findings suggest that sorghums converted for U.S. adaptation still exhibit some degree of photoperiodic sensitivity regarding phenological development and plant growth, but the TA hybrids have the ability to alter their phenological development and plant growth to maximize their leaf area under a wider range of environmental conditions.
Positron emission tomography provides molecular imaging of biological processes.

Diseases are biological processes, and molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is sensitive to and informative of these processes. This is illustrated by detection of biological abnormalities in neurological disorders with no computed tomography or MRI anatomic changes, as well as even before symptoms are expressed. PET whole body imaging in cancer provides the means to ( i ) identify early disease, ( ii ) differentiate benign from malignant lesions, ( iii ) examine all organs for metastases, and ( iv ) determine therapeutic effectiveness. Diagnostic accuracy of PET is 8–43% higher than conventional procedures and changes treatment in 20–40% of the patients, depending on the clinical question, in lung and colorectal cancers, melanoma, and lymphoma, with similar findings in breast, ovarian, head and neck, and renal cancers. A microPET scanner for mice, in concert with human PET systems, provides a novel technology for molecular imaging assays of metabolism and signal transduction to gene expression, from mice to patients: e.g., PET reporter gene assays are used to trace the location and temporal level of expression of therapeutic and endogenous genes. PET probes and drugs are being developed together—in low mass amounts, as molecular imaging probes to image the function of targets without disturbing them, and in mass amounts to modify the target9s function as a drug. Molecular imaging by PET, optical technologies, magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission tomography, and other technologies are assisting in moving research findings from in vitro biology to in vivo integrative mammalian biology of disease.
Numerical Simulation of Two Pass Gas Turbine Blade Internal Cooling Channels With 90 Degree Varying Height Ribs

Improvement in thermal efficiency of gas turbine can be obtained by operating it at high inlet temperatures. In addition to improving the performance, the cons of high inlet temperature is high thermal stresses on the turbine blades. To improve life and performance of the blade, improved cooling technologies are desired. The main objective of this paper is to perform computational analysis of the ribs with varying height and compare this with 90 degree ribbed channel and smooth channels. The numerical analysis is carried out using ANSYS-Fluent, a flow modeling simulation software. The flow is assumed to be steady state and flow turbulence is modeled using the k-e with Standard Wall Functions. Local heat transfer and friction loss in a square duct roughened with 90 degree ribs with varying height is investigated for different Reynolds number. The pitch of the rib is considered to be 10 times the height of rib which is 0.0635 m. The square cross section of the channel is .0508x .0508 m2. The pitch of rib to rib height ratio varies from 10 to 20 at the center of the channel. There is a rib considered at the turn section as well. The numerical simulation produced higher heat transfer for the varying height ribs as compared to 90 degree ribbed channel and smooth channel.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The frontiers of eBusiness technology and supply chains

Abstract This article is an Introduction to this Special Issue on “eBusiness and Supply Chain Management.” It also provides a vision for eBusiness and supply chain for the future.
An analytical study of the dynamics and stability of a spring loaded safety valve

Abstract Spring loaded self-actuating safety valves are employed as part of the overpressure protection systems in various industrial applications. In order to design and predict their performance it is necessary to study the dynamic behavior of the valve over a range of fluid and system conditions. A one-dimensional model has been developed to study the effects of different valve parameters such as the spring-mass characteristics, geometry of internal parts, adjustment ring settings, bellows etc. which influence the dynamic behavior and stability of the valve. Analytical results for steam flow conditions are presented to demonstrate the relative effects of these parameters on the valve opening time, maximum lift, blowdown (upstream pressure differential between the valve opening and closing) and any oscillations of the valve stem. If the valve is not properly backpressure compensated, it may become unstable as the stagnation pressure at the valve inlet decreases. Lowering of the guide adjustment ring position or raising the nozzle adjustment ring generally results in improved stability, shorter valve opening time, higher lift and longer blowdown. The effect of damping on the valve stability is also demonstrated. The model can be used to evaluate the design of safety valves and damping devices to eliminate unstable valve dynamic behavior.
Brain tumors in owl monkeys inoculated with a human polyomavirus (JC virus)

Owl monkeys were inoculated intracerebrally, subcutaneously, and intravenously with JC, BK, or SV40 virus. Two of four adult owl monkeys inoculated with JC virus, a human polyomavirus, developed brain tumors at 16 and 25 months after inoculation, respectively. A grade 3 to grade 4 astrocytoma (resembling a human glioblastoma multiforme) was found in the left cerebral hemisphere and brainstem of one monkey. The second monkey developed a malignant tumor in the left cerebral hemisphere containing both glial and neuronal cell types. Impression smears prepared from unfixed tissue of this tumor showed cells that contained polyomavirus T antigen. Virion antigens were not detected. Tumor cells cultured in vitro also contained T antigen but were negative for virion antigen. Infectious virus was not isolated from extracts of this tumor.
Fetal whole-body permeability--surface area product and reflection coefficient for plasma proteins.

The transcapillary distribution of protein between the vascular and interstitial spaces largely depends on the protein permeability characteristics of the capillary membranes, i.e., the reflection coefficient and permeability - surface area product for plasma proteins. Our purpose was to estimate whole-body values for these parameters in chronically catheterized, near-term fetal sheep. Average experimental changes in plasma protein concentration, blood volume and vascular pressures following fetal hemorrhage or intravascular saline infusion were analyzed using mathematical modeling and parameter optimization techniques. The mathematical model consisted of three interacting compartments: (1) fetal blood, (2) fetal interstitium, and (3) maternal blood. We found that the mean fetal whole-body protein reflection coefficient averaged 0.61 following hemorrhage and 0.80 after intravascular saline infusions. The protein permeability - surface area product averaged 0.36 ml/min/kg for the hemorrhages and 0.70 ml/min/kg following saline infusions. The major findings are that the fetus has (1) a permeability - surface area product averaging 15 times that of the adult, (2) a protein reflection coefficient approximately 70 to 90% of adult values, and (3) the ability to decrease its capillary surface area following hemorrhage.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary dyskinesia in children provides durable symptom relief.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children with biliary dyskinesia. Methods: Reports of children with an abnormal cholecystokinin (CCK)-stimulated HIDA scan between January 2001 and July 2006 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed. Postoperatively, a 23-item Likert scale, symptom questionnaire was administered to parents. Results: Sixty-four children with chronic abdominal pain and no gallstones on ultrasound had an abnormal CCK-HIDA scan. Twenty-three children (median age, 14 years; 16 girls), with mean (SD) ejection fraction of 17% (8), underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and were further analyzed. Preoperatively, these children had right upper quadrant/epigastric pain (78%), nausea (52%), vomiting (43%), and generalized abdominal pain (22%) lasting for a median of 3 months (range, 1 month to 2.5 years). Median postoperative follow-up was 2.7 years. Sixteen (70%) parents completed the questionnaire. Of those who responded, 63% indicated that their children had no abdominal pain, 87% had no vomiting, and 69% had no nausea in the month preceding the questionnaire. Overall, 67% of parents indicated that their children's symptoms were completely relieved after cholecystectomy, whereas 7% indicated that the symptoms were not relieved. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is effective in providing both short-term and long-term improvement of symptoms in children with biliary dyskinesia.
Laying the groundwork for family self-help : Locating families, building trust, and building strength

The practice stories of 30 expert home visiting public health nurses were recorded and interpreted qualitatively, using constant comparative analysis. Three family caregiving competencies, which provide the essential preliminary groundwork to enable family self-help, were identified: locating the family, which involves tracking down highly unstable families; building trust, which involves developing rapport with clients who have seldom experienced trust; and building strength, which occurs with those who have neither apparent strengths nor belief in their own capacity. These descriptions have major implications for investigation, teaching, and integration into policy.
Saccharide Detection Based on the Amplified Fluorescence Quenching of a Water-Soluble Poly(phenylene ethynylene) by a Boronic Acid Functionalized Benzyl Viologen Derivative

The amplified quenching of an anionic conjugated polymer, sulfonated poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE-SO3-), by a cationic quencher comprising a boronic acid functionalized benzyl viologen (p-BV2+), has been used to optically detect sugars. In the absence of sugar, a strong polymer/quencher interaction leads to superlinear quenching. In the presence of sugar at pH 7.4, the dicationic viologen derivative forms a neutral zwitterionic species, reducing its ability to complex with and quench the anionic polymer's emission. Addition of sugar to the polymer/quencher system leads a large increase in the fluorescence intensity (up to 70-fold in one case). Spectral data, quenching parameters, and sugar titration curves are presented and discussed in terms of future development of glucose sensors.
Radioactive gold cluster immunoconjugates: potential agents for cancer therapy.

Abstract An 11 gold atom (undecagold) cluster was covalently attached to specific sites on Fab′, F(ab′) 2 and whole IgG molecules such that each carried 11–33 gold atoms without significant loss of native immunospecificity. Gold cluster labeled 17-1A monoclonal F(ab′) 2 antibody fragments showed 80% immunoreactivity compared to native antibody fragments in binding to human colon carcinoma cells in vitro . Radioactive gold in vivo biodistributions in nude mice with human tumors are also reported. By using clusters, potentially a larger destructive payload can be carried per antibody.
An Exploration of Topics, Conflict Styles, and Rumination in Romantic Nonserial and Serial Arguments

This study explores the potential differences between serial and nonserial romantic argument topics, conflict style usage, and rumination. An online survey asked adult participants to recall and report on either a serial or a nonserial romantic argument. Findings indicated that serial argument participants ruminated more and used more negative and avoidant, and fewer positive, conflict strategies than nonserial argument participants. Conflict topics did not vary by argument type. Serial arguments that are abbreviated (i.e., between 2 and 5 episodes) also were found to differ from those that are extended (i.e., more than 5 episodes) in nature. These findings and their implications for both serial arguments and interpersonal conflict are discussed.
ConstrainedL p approximation

In this paper, we solve a class of constrained optimization problems that lead to algorithms for the construction of convex interpolants to convex data.
Examination of Treatment Episodes Among Women and Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Addiction Treatment

Women and racial and ethnic minorities face significant challenges to successfully completing substance abuse treatment. There is limited knowledge about factors that affect women and minorities' treatment careers over several treatment episodes. Survival Cox regression was used to model time and episodes to treatment completion. Using multiyear (2006–2009) data, the sample consisted of 52,799 clients from 276 treatment programs in Los Angeles County, California. Findings supported the role of homelessness and mental health status and their association with more episodes to complete treatment. Results also showed that the rate of completion was 41% lower among African Americans and 17% lower among Latinos compared to Whites. With each additional treatment episode, the rate of treatment completion increased by 73% for all groups. Compared to minorities, Whites and men were more likely to complete treatment throughout their treatment career trajectories. Implications for social work interventions to enhance...
Gender Gap Linked to Differential Socialization for High-Achieving Senior Mathematics Students

Abstract Gender equity, especially in technical areas involving mathematics, is the focus of much current research. There are three explanations offered for gender inequities: biological causes, greater variability among male students, and cultural causes. High-achieving 11th-grade mathematics students (330 boys, 213 girls) who participated in the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) were studied. Campbell's differential socialization paradigm was used as a theoretical framework. The results uncovered a 10.8% gender gap favoring the boys. The path models for both sexes indicated that educated mothers have strong indirect effects on their children's mathematics achievement. Furthermore, the students' self-imposed pressure and persistence had important direct effects on their achievement. The mathematics self-concept had important direct effects on the boys' mathematics achievement, but it had little effect on the girls' achievement. Several macro-inequities and micro-inequities were uncovered. Findi...
Total Phosphorus Budget for Lake St. Clair: 1975–80

Abstract As part of the U.S.-Canadian Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study a total phosphorus budget was developed for Lake St. Clair. An unbiased ratio estimator technique was used to estimate annual loads and variances from monitored hydrologic areas. During the 1975–80 period, Lake Huron was the major source of phosphorus to Lake St. Clair, accounting for approximately 52% of the total annual load. Hydrologic area loads, which include diffuse and indirect point sources, contributed approximately 43% of the total annual load. The remaining 5% came from the atmosphere, shoreline erosion, and direct point sources. Of the hydrologic area loads, 85% could be attributed to diffuse sources. The Thames area contributed 58% of the total hydrologic area load, followed by the Sydenham (17%), the Clinton (9%), the Ruscom (7%), the Black (6%), the St. Clair (3%), and the Rouge (0.4%). Over the entire 6-year period examined, the lake's total input and output of phosphorus were nearly equal. It was concluded that there was no significant net source or sink of phosphorus in Lake St. Clair during the 1975–80 period.
Oxygen self-diffusion in a potassium strontium silicate glass using proton activation analysis

Oxygen self-diffusion coefficients were measured in a 20K2O-20SrO-60SiO2 (wt%) glass above and below the glass transition temperature using the single spectrum proton activation analysis of oxygen-18 using the nuclear reaction 18O(p, α)15N. The α-particle spectrum recorded during proton irradiation is used to determine the 18O concentration profile. The self-diffusion coefficients, D, determined for the three diffusion times of about 22 h, 3 1/2 and 7 1/2 days were in good agreement within experimental error, except for the two lowest temperatures of the short-time run possibly because of the shallow depths of diffusion and surface exchange. In the temperature range 600 to 1000 K, D values with the relations, above the glass transition temperature D=7.6×1014 exp(−119 kcal/RT) cm2sec−1, and below the glass transition temperature D=1×10−12 exp(−10 kcal/RT) cm2sec−1, were obtained.
On the current and potential scope of generative theories of cognitive development

When developmentalists overemphasize economy in their explanations of how cognitive structures are generated, they get into trouble. Yet the generative approach remains applicable to the issues raised in earlier chapters–and to some new issues as well.
Very limited air elimination capability of the level 1 fluid warmer

Abstract Study Objective: To determine the volume of air in 1000-ml crystalloid bags before and after connection to an infusion set; and to determine the volume of air that is not eliminated by the air eliminator in the Level 1 fluid warming device (Level 1 Technologies, Inc., Rockland, MA) when air boluses of different volumes enter into the fluid warming set. Design: Prospective analysis and laboratory investigation. Setting: Operating room (OR) and research laboratory of a university hospital. Interventions: Air was aspirated from 200 collapsible, 1000-ml crystalloid bags: 100 before being connected to an infusion set and 100 after being connected to a patient in the OR. A roller pump from a cardiopulmonary bypass machine was connected to a Level 1 D-300 fluid administration set to maintain a continuous flow of normal saline through its air eliminator at a flow that approximated gravity or two thirds maximal flow, which is the rate achieved when fluid is pressurized to 300 mmHg throughout the system. Different volumes of air were administered and the air that passed through the air eliminator was measured. Measurements and Main Results: Nonspiked bags contained 56.2 ± 4 ml (mean ± SD) of air (range 43–66 ml), and spiked bags contained 61.2 ± 13 ml of air (range 4–102 ml), a significant difference ( p p p Conclusion: Air must be rigorously eliminated from all fluid containers because of the limited air elimination capability of the Level 1 air eliminator.
‘Change based on what students say’: preparing teachers for a paradoxical model of leadership

This article discusses how a radical approach to teacher education encourages both pre‐service teachers and high school students to embrace a paradoxical model of leadership. A project that positions high school students as teachers and learners in an undergraduate secondary teacher certification course challenges pre‐service teachers to learn to teach by listening to high school students, and it challenges students to learn to speak and take action within their school lives. As participant reflections illustrate, this project enacts the paradoxical model it advocates: it contradicts received notions of leadership as hierarchical, top‐down, and synonymous with a single person—in this case, the teacher—in a position of authority; it challenges both pre‐service teachers and students to embrace the seeming internal contradiction of being at once followers and leaders; and it represents, on a larger scale, resistance to the current climate and predominant acceptance in the USA of federally mandated standards ...
Gross Motor Development of Children With Hurler Syndrome After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Background and Purpose: Little is known about the gross motor development of children with Hurler syndrome who have undergone umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). The purpose of this study was to provide a description of gross motor development in children with Hurler syndrome after UCBT. Subjects and Method: Longitudinal changes in gross motor abilities were documented on the gross motor subtests of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, second edition (PDMS-2) for 21 children with Hurler syndrome. Each child was assessed between 1 and 6 times after UCBT. The participants had a mean age (±SD) of 32.2±16.0 months at the time of the first assessment. The mean time (±SD) between UCBT and the first assessment was 16.2±16.5 months. Results: The participants had marked gross motor delays, with a mean gross motor quotient 2 standard deviations below the mean for children who were developing typically. The rate of development differed between the subtests of the PDMS-2. The participants gained abilities at the slowest rate on the stationary subtest and at the fastest rate on the locomotor subtest. Discussion and Conclusion: The participants had varying degrees of delay in different gross motor domains. While gaining new gross motor abilities over time, these children continued to have delays up to 48 months after UCBT. Physical therapists treating children with Hurler syndrome after UCBT should use assessment tools that will capture these differences and should individualize treatment plans accordingly. Additional research is needed to document the efficacy of physical therapy intervention with this population.
Growth kinetics and characterizations of gallium nitride thin films by remote PECVD

Thin films of GaN have been deposited at relatively low growth temperatures by remote plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (RPECVD), using a plasma excited NH3, and trimethylgallium (TMG), injected downstream from the plasma. The activation energy for GaN growth has been tentatively assigned to the dissociation of NH groups as the primary N-atom precursors in the surface reaction with adsorbed TMG, or TMG fragments. At high He flow rates, an abrupt increase in the growth rate is observed and corresponds to a change in the reaction mechanism attributed to the formation of atomic N. XRD reveals an increased tendency to ordered growth in the (0001) direction with increasing growth temperature, He flow rate, and RF plasma power. IR spectra show the fundamental lattice mode of GaN at 530 cm without evidence for vibrational modes of hydrocarbon groups.
Partial protein sequence of the globular domain of α4(IV) collagen chain : sites of sequence variability and homology with α2(IV)

The globular domain (NC) of α4(IV) collagen chain was partially sequenced and compared with the NC domain of other collagen IV chains. The α4(IV) NC domain was found to be most closely related to α2(IV) NC domain but distinct from the NC domain of αl(IV), α2(IV), α3(IV) and α5(IV) collagen chains. Partial sequence, representing nearly one half of α4(IV) NC domain, shows 56%, 69%, 51% and 54% identity with the corresponding NC domains of αl(IV), α2(IV), α3(IV) and α5(IV) collagen chains, respectively. A short, highly polar, region of variable sequence is found near the carboxy terminus of α4(IV) NC domain. This sequence corresponds to a non-conserved region among NC domains, suggesting functional specialization at this site. It exhibits high surface probability with predicted structural differences among NC domains. These results confirm uniqueness of α4(IV) NC domain and indicate its structural relatedness to other NC domains of collagen IV.
Structure-Function Analysis of Yeast mRNA Cap Methyltransferase and High-Copy Suppression of Conditional Mutants by AdoMet Synthase and the Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme Cdc34p

Here we present a genetic analysis of the yeast cap-methylating enzyme Abd1p. To identify individual amino acids required for Abd1p function, we introduced alanine mutations at 35 positions of the 436-amino acid yeast protein. Two new recessive lethal mutations, F256A and Y330A, were identified. Alleles F256L and Y256L were viable, suggesting that hydrophobic residues at these positions sufficed for Abd1p function. Conservative mutations of Asp-178 established that an acidic moiety is essential at this position ( i.e. , D178E was viable whereas D178N was not). Phe-256, Tyr-330, and Asp-178 are conserved in all known cellular cap methyltransferases. We isolated temperature-sensitive abd1 alleles and found that abd1-ts cells display a rapid shut-off of protein synthesis upon shift to the restrictive temperature, without wholesale reduction in steady-state mRNA levels. These in vivo results are consistent with classical biochemical studies showing a requirement for the cap methyl group in cap-dependent translation. We explored the issue of how cap methylation might be regulated in vivo by conducting a genetic screen for high-copy suppressors of the ts growth defect of abd1 mutants. The identification of the yeast genes SAM2 and SAM1 , which encode AdoMet synthase, as abd1 suppressors suggests that Abd1p function can be modulated by changes in the concentration of its substrate AdoMet. We also identified the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Cdc34p as a high-copy abd1 suppressor. We show that mutations of Cdc34p that affect its ubiquitin conjugation activity or its capacity to interact with the E3-SCF complex abrogate its abd1 suppressor function. Moreover, the growth defect of abd1 mutants is exacerbated by cdc34-2. These findings suggest a novel role for Cdc34p in gene expression and engender a model whereby cap methylation or cap utilization is negatively regulated by a factor that is degraded when Cdc34p is overexpressed.