cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic effects of zatosetron and ondansetron, two 5HT3 receptor antagonists, in anesthetized dogs

The pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5HT3)-antagonists is an area under active investigation, and several agents of this class are currently under development for multiple therapeutic indications. Recently, two 5HT3 receptor antagonists of a tropane derived series, ICS 205 930 and zatosetron, have been shown to alter electrocardiographic properties of heart muscle. A prototypical, but structurally distinct (imidazole) 5HT3-antagonist, ondansetron, was examined for its comparative cardiovascular activity in anesthetized dogs at intravenous doses of 0.66–5.25 mg/kg. Similar to zatosetron, a significant, dose-dependent prolongation of the duration of the action potential of the electrocardiogram (Q-Tc interval) occurred following ondansetron exposure, with a maximum increase of 28%. Other cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary pressure, cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, stroke volume and work index) were essentially unchanged by ondansetron treatment. At equivalent 5HT3 blocking doses, both ondansetron and zatosetron prolonged the Q-Tc interval in anesthetized dogs similarly. However, for both compounds, the doses required to increase Q-Tc interval were higher than the doses required to demonstrate 5HT3 receptor blockade. The fact that ondansetron, an imidazole, exhibited electrophysiological effects on cardiac muscle like the 5HT3 receptor antagonists derived from tropane suggests that the electrocardiographic effects are related to some property shared by 5HT3 receptor antagonists rather than a property of the tropane structure.
Left-right dewlap asymmetry and phylogeography of Anolis lineatus on Aruba and Curaçao

Anolis lizards exhibit a remarkable degree of diversity in the shape, colour, pattern and size of their dewlaps. Asymmetry, where one side of the dewlap differs in pattern or colour from the other, has only been reported in one species, Anolis lineatus, and then on only one of the two islands from which it occurs. Given the importance of the dewlap in intra- and interspecific signalling, we expanded on previous work by (1) investigating whether the reported asymmetry actually occurs and, if so, whether it occurs on animals from both Aruba and Curacao; (2) examining whether populations differ in other aspects of their morphology or ecology; and (3) resolving the evolutionary relationships and the history of the two populations. We confirmed the presence of the asymmetrical dewlap on Curacao and found that the asymmetry extends to populations on Aruba as well. Animals on Curacao were smaller overall than populations from Aruba with relatively shorter metatarsals, radii, and tibias but relatively deeper heads, longer jaws, and wider and more numerous toepads on fore and hind feet. Habitat use did not differ significantly between the islands. We found populations on Aruba and Curacao to be reciprocally monophyletic with an early Pleistocene divergence of populations on the two islands. Neutrality tests indicate that neither population has seen any recent reduction in population size, making it unlikely that the asymmetry is a result of founder effects or is some other consequence of reduced genetic variation. A variety of factors likely account for the remarkable and unique dewlap morphology exhibited by this species, although more detailed field studies are required to test these hypotheses. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110, 409–426.
Ultra-thin Gate Oxide Lifetime Projection and Degradation Mechanism beyond 90 nm CMOS Technology

In this work, the ultra-thin oxide (Tox = 1.6 nm, named as core oxide) and thick oxide (Tox = 5.2 nm, named as input/output, 10 oxide) lifetime projection and comparison for nFET and pFET under inversion mode stress were investigated. The lifetime of core pFET is worse than that of core nFET, this is opposite to the behavior of their stress leakage current comparison. Nevertheless, the lifetime of IO nFET is worse than that of IO pFET, this is consistent with the behavior of their stress leakage current comparison. In addition, the core pFET possesses smaller exponent n value and TBD comparing with core nFET. In order to investigate this phenomenon, core pFET with substrate bias Vbs is applied to support the proposed mechanism. Presumably due to the larger anode hole current and more hydrogen proton release events result in the core pFET oxide revealing smaller exponent n value, smaller TBD, smaller lifetime prediction and more progressive BD phenomenon than those of core nFET oxide under inversion mode stress
Four A pproaches to Science and Their Implications for Organizational Theory and Research

The philosophy of science contains four basic approaches to science, each of which has its equivalent in contemporary theories about and methods of organizational research. This article considers how organizational theorists can gain from the insights ofphilosophers of science without, however, having to accept those philosophers'rather negative conclusions about the scientific status and potential of organizational research. To that end, the article suggests new ways oftheorizing about organizational research which, whilefollowing the example of the philosophy of science, are nonetheless better adapted to the special requirements of organizational research. Finally, the article seeks to shift organizational theorists'focus away from the question, "Is organizational research scientific?" to such questions as "Which theory about organizational research is best able to explain which aspect of the field?"and "Which method of organizational research is best able to solve what kind of problem?"
Effects of cortisone acetate on milk production and mammary involution in parturient rats.

Two similar experiments were performed on 68 parturient rats to determine the effects of cortisone acetate on lactation and mammary involution. The lactational response was measured by the effects on growth rate of the litters during the first IS days postpartum. In the first experiment, 0.5 mg. of cortisone acetate daily elicited a significant increase in average litter weight gain over the control litters. A dose level of 1.0 mg. of cortisone acetate daily produced a slight but insignificant gain in average litter weight over control litters, despite a loss of over 15 per cent in body weight by the mother rats. In the second experiment, daily closes of 0.5 or 1.0 mg. of cortisone acetate, induced significant litter weight gains over control litters. When litters were removed on the 18th day postpartum, and cortisone acetate injections were continued for an additional 10 days, mammary involution was significantly retarded.
The effect of a dietary supplement (N-oleyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and epigallocatechin gallate) on dietary compliance and body fat loss in adults who are overweight: A double-blind, randomized control trial

A dietary supplement containing a blend of 170 mg of N-oleyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NOPE) and 100 mg of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been shown to improve compliance to low caloric diets. Considering the cost of dietary ingredients, many manufacturers attempt to determine the lowest efficacious dose. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 8-weeks of supplementation with a daily intake of 120 mg of NOPE and 105 mg of EGCG in conjunction with a low caloric diet and regular, moderate exercise on dietary compliance in healthy, overweight adults. An additional purpose was to examine the effect of this supplement/diet/exercise paradigm on changes in body composition, sensation of appetite, mood and severity of binge eating. Fifty healthy, overweight (BMI > 25 m·kg2) men (15) and women (35) (SUP; n = 25; 32.7 ± 13.75 y; BMI = 33.4 ± 6.2; PLA; n = 25, 34.3 ± 12.7 years; BMI = 33.2 ± 6.8) were recruited for a double-blind, placebo controlled study. Each volunteer was randomly assigned to either the supplement (SUP; n = 25) or placebo group (PLA; n = 25). Based upon a self-reported 3-day dietary recall all volunteers were recommended a 500 kcal or 30% (maximum of 1000 kcal) reduction in caloric intake. Volunteers were also encouraged to exercise 30 minutes per day, three times per week. Subjects in SUP were significantly more compliant (x2 = 3.86, p = 0.049) in maintaining a low caloric diet at week 4, but this was not able to be maintained through the 8-week study. In addition, a significant difference in mood, feelings of fatigue and confusion were noted between the groups at week 4, but again not maintained by week 8 where only feelings of tension were improved. No differences between groups (p > 0.05) were observed for body mass, body composition, feelings of hunger, and binge eating after eight weeks. Supplementing with a combination of 120 mg of NOPE and 105 mg of EGCG does appear to enhance compliance to a low caloric diet and improve mood for 4 –weeks, but loses its effectiveness by week 8.
The plain old television in a smart apartment

Our GO (www.go-outside.org) project focuses on community access for the cognitively impaired population. In addition to devising new facilities, we are interested in using existing appliances found in an apartment to interact with a user to help with a specific task, e.g., making a trip to the doctor. This requires establishment of collaboration protocols between the appliances (and smart agents) and user to be established. These protocols must enforce certain safety properties, e.g., that the user get timely information to start a task. We will show how we use a light-weight formal modeling toolkit to reason about a protocol's ability to meet safety properties
Heterologous Expression of Viral RNA Interference Suppressors : RISC Management

This Update reviews how virus-encoded suppressors of RNA silencing are currently being used in certain areas of plant research and biotechnology. Keeping within the scope of this special Focus issue, an emphasis is placed on the use of gene vectors for expression of suppressors in plants. Toward the end of this review, a discussion is presented on how the choice of vector system may influence the functionality of suppressors and the occurrence of side effects. The purpose of this brief review is to illustrate, for a general audience of biologists, how individual properties of viral-encoded suppressors might affect their performance in plants when expressed by heterologous vectors.
Hybrid dry-wet chemical etching process for via holes for gallium arsenide MMIC manufacturing

Through the wafer via-hole connections for monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) manufacturing have been developed by combining reactive ion etching (RIE) and wet chemical spray etching processes for 100- mu m-thick gallium arsenide wafers. The dry process is based on the use of SiCl/sub 4/-BCl/sub 3/-Cl/sub 2/ and BCl/sub 3/-Cl/sub 2/ gas mixtures at room temperature is a reactive ion etcher. The etching parameters are optimized for anisotropic etching, initially, followed by slightly isotropic etching. To remove the residual 'lip' and surface roughness, following reactive ion etching, a dynamic wet chemical spray etching based on H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/-H/sub 2/O/sub 2/-H/sub 2/O at 45 degrees C is used. The combined dry-wet etching approach is used to fabricate 95 percent yield across 3-in wafers. Metallized via-hole contacts to power FET chips show a contact resistance >
Risk-based resource optimization for transmission system maintenance

This paper describes a resource optimization approach for transmission system maintenance selection and scheduling that is based on the cumulative long-term risk caused by failure of each piece of equipment. This approach accounts for equipment failure probability, equipment damage, as well as outage consequence in terms of dispatch cost. A method of computing the change of equipment failure probabilities and expected time to failure when equipment condition data are available is described. The method is illustrated on a 566-bus model of a U.S. utility system
Improving the statistical detection of regulated genes from microarray data using intensity-based variance estimation

Gene microarray technology provides the ability to study the regulation of thousands of genes simultaneously, but its potential is limited without an estimate of the statistical significance of the observed changes in gene expression. Due to the large number of genes being tested and the comparatively small number of array replicates (e.g., N = 3), standard statistical methods such as the Student's t-test fail to produce reliable results. Two other statistical approaches commonly used to improve significance estimates are a penalized t-test and a Z-test using intensity-dependent variance estimates. The performance of these approaches is compared using a dataset of 23 replicates, and a new implementation of the Z-test is introduced that pools together variance estimates of genes with similar minimum intensity. Significance estimates based on 3 replicate arrays are calculated using each statistical technique, and their accuracy is evaluated by comparing them to a reliable estimate based on the remaining 20 replicates. The reproducibility of each test statistic is evaluated by applying it to multiple, independent sets of 3 replicate arrays. Two implementations of a Z-test using intensity-dependent variance produce more reproducible results than two implementations of a penalized t-test. Furthermore, the minimum intensity-based Z-statistic demonstrates higher accuracy and higher or equal precision than all other statistical techniques tested. An intensity-based variance estimation technique provides one simple, effective approach that can improve p-value estimates for differentially regulated genes derived from replicated microarray datasets. Implementations of the Z-test algorithms are available at http://vessels.bwh.harvard.edu/software/papers/bmcg2004 .
Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase activity by acetylenic and allylic alcohols: Concordance with in vivo electrophile reactivity in fish

Acetylenic and allylic alcohols have been reported to be 20 to 5,000 times more acutely toxic to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) than would be expected from a narcosis-based mechanism of action. The greater-than-expected toxicity of these alcohols has been proposed to be a result of metabolic activation to the corresponding reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehydes or allene derivatives. Using purified horse liver and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatic cytosol alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) preparations, the propensity of a series of acetylenic and allylic alcohols to inhibit enzyme activity, in both the presence and the absence of reduced glutathione, was ascertained. Those alcohols classified as reactive toxicants in acute toxicity tests were generally effective inhibitors of ADH activity, whereas those alcohols classified as narcotics were generally ineffective inhibitors. The results from this study suggest that (a) acetylenic and allylic alcohols may be metabolically activated to reactive species and (b) to compare and ultimately predict the toxicity of these unsaturated alcohols, their rates of metabolic activation and the reactivity of the subsequently produced aldehydes must be quantified.
Medical, surgical, and endoscopic management of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases facing society today. In the US alone, more than 19 million people have the disease. Approximately 20% of US adults have one episode of GERD in a week, with about 7% reporting significant daily heartburn symptoms requiring some type of treatment.1 Medical treatments for GERD, both prescription and over the counter, cost approximately $19 billion per year in the US. Fortunately the majority of GERD symptoms are minor and self-limiting; however, complications, including esophagitis, Barrett syndrome, and adenocarcinoma, are on the rise in Western countries, suggesting that GERD does not have a benign course in all patients. The term nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) has been used to describe the majority of patients that have a benign, uncomplicated disease course. This group has GERD symptoms without evidence of esophagitis on endoscopy. The clinical management of GERD has evolved rapidly since the early 1990s with the introduction of potent medications as well as less invasive surgical techniques to help treat patients with medically refractory disease. Novel medications to help prevent transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (tLESRs) are being developed and may be added to the armamentarium.2 Additionally, endoscopic therapies have gained some support, though long-term data suggest that these techniques are not durable. This article reviews the pathophysiology, presentation, workup, treatment, and emerging therapies for GERD with an emphasis on surgical management and outcomes to help primary care physicians have a better understanding of the role of surgery in this complex disease.
Testing moderation in network meta‐analysis with individual participant data

Meta-analytic methods for combining data from multiple intervention trials are commonly used to estimate the effectiveness of an intervention. They can also be extended to study comparative effectiveness, testing which of several alternative interventions is expected to have the strongest effect. This often requires network meta-analysis (NMA), which combines trials involving direct comparison of two interventions within the same trial and indirect comparisons across trials. In this paper, we extend existing network methods for main effects to examining moderator effects, allowing for tests of whether intervention effects vary for different populations or when employed in different contexts. In addition, we study how the use of individual participant data may increase the sensitivity of NMA for detecting moderator effects, as compared with aggregate data NMA that employs study-level effect sizes in a meta-regression framework. A new NMA diagram is proposed. We also develop a generalized multilevel model for NMA that takes into account within-trial and between-trial heterogeneity and can include participant-level covariates. Within this framework, we present definitions of homogeneity and consistency across trials. A simulation study based on this model is used to assess effects on power to detect both main and moderator effects. Results show that power to detect moderation is substantially greater when applied to individual participant data as compared with study-level effects. We illustrate the use of this method by applying it to data from a classroom-based randomized study that involved two sub-trials, each comparing interventions that were contrasted with separate control groups. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Devaluation of the Birr - A Layman's Guide

On September 1, 2010, the Central Bank of Ethiopia announced a devaluation of the birr by 20%. With this devaluation measure, the value of the birr has declined by at least 45% since 2008. It is to be recalled that the birr was devalued by at least 10% in October 2008, by 9.9% in July 2009, and by at least 5% in early May/late April 2010. Numerous sources indicate that all devaluations measures are conducted after the macro-economic team chaired by Prime Minister Meles Zenawi makes the decisions to do so.
Respiratory Response of Avocado Fruits to Fumigation Effective Against the Eggs and Larvae of Fruit Flies

The possibility of various fruit flies becoming established in California has been the reason for initiating a program of research on the effectiveness of various sterilization practices against these insects and on the subsequent effect of these practices upon the physiology of the plant material. Although vapor heat sterilization is effective against the insects, chemical fumigation appears more practicable from the standpoint of fruit tolerance (Lindgren & Sinclair 1951; California State Legislature, “Third Special Report on the Control of the Oriental Fruit Fly ( Dacus dorsalis ) in the Hawaiian Islands,” 1953; Sinclair & Lindgren 1955). Lindgren & Sinclair (1951) observed no injury to avocado fruits after fumigation with 1, 2, or 3 pounds per cubic foot of ethylene dibromide and ethylene chlorobromide for 2 hours at 70° F.; however, these fruits failed to tolerate methyl bromide fumigation at a dosage of 2 pounds per 1000 cubic feet for 4 hours. Subsequently, the fumigation of certain varieties with 2 and 3 pounds of ethylene dibromide per 1000 cubic feet for 2 hours was found to result in surface discoloration (Lindgren et al. 1955).
Differential microbial transformation of nitrosamines by an inducible propane monooxygenase.

The toxicity of N-nitrosamines, their presence in drinking and environmental water supplies, and poorly understood recalcitrance collectively necessitate a better understanding of their potential for bioattenuation. Here, we show that the bacterial strain Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 can biotransform N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), and possibly N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) in addition to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Growth of cells on propane as the sole carbon source greatly enhanced degradation rates when contrasted with cells grown on complex organics. Propane-induced rates in order of fastest to slowest were NDMA > NDEA > NDPA > NPYR > NMOR at concentrations <2000 μg/L. Removal rates for linear functional groups scaled inversely with mass and cyclic nitrosamines were more recalcitrant than linear nitrosamines. Controls demonstrated significant NDEA and NDPA losses independent of biomass, suggesting abiotic processes may play a role in attenuation...
Dynamical Regularity for Action Analysis.

In this paper, we propose a new approach for quantification of ‘dynamical regularity’ as applied to modeling human actions. We use approximate entropy-based feature representation to model the dynamics in human movement to achieve temporal segmentation in untrimmed motion capture data and fine-grained quality assessment of diving actions in videos. The principle herein is to quantify regularity (frequency of typical patterns) in the dynamical space computed from trajectories of action data. We extend conventional ideas for modeling dynamics in human movement by introducing multivariate and cross approximate entropy features. Our experimental evaluation on theoretical models and two publicly available databases show that the proposed features can achieve state-ofthe-art results on applications such as temporal segmentation and quality assessment of actions.
The external morphology of Diplolepis rosae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipinae).

The external morphology of Diplolepis rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is described. Variation in important taxonomic characters, the median suture and parapsidal sutures, and the presence of a submentum in a cynipoid are reported. Synonomy in the morphological nomenclature is discussed.
Quality of retirement placement for elite athletes in Hong Kong China and countermeasures

Having studied the quality of retirement placement,life satisfaction degree,social support system and re-tirement coping strategies in relation to 75 elite athletes in Hong Kong China,the author revealed the following findings: the quality of placement of elite athletes in Hong Kong after retirement is affected by their sports achievements and "personal support" gained from their family members and friends in the process of retirement;in terms of coping strategies,focusing on new jobs and learning after retirement is significantly helpful to the quality of athlete retirement placement.Therefore,athletes and even the society should change the opinion on elite athlete’s sports achievements,should not use medals as the only measurement standard,while the society and government should also provide elite athletes with occupational training or learning opportunities,thus enhancing the quality of placement of retired athletes.
Back in business: operations research in support of big data analytics for operations and supply chain management

Few topics have generated more discourse in recent years than big data analytics. Given their knowledge of analytical and mathematical methods, operations research (OR) scholars would seem well poised to take a lead role in this discussion. Unfortunately, some have suggested there is a misalignment between the work of OR scholars and the needs of practicing managers, especially those in the field of operations and supply chain management where data-driven decision-making is a key component of most job descriptions. In this paper, we attempt to address this misalignment. We examine both applied and scholarly applications of OR-based big data analytical tools and techniques within an operations and supply chain management context to highlight their future potential in this domain. This paper contributes by providing suggestions for scholars, educators, and practitioners that aid to illustrate how OR can be instrumental in solving big data analytics problems in support of operations and supply chain management.
Partial Differential Equations (Continued)

We again take up the subject of partial differential equations. The approach in this chapter will be more formal than before.
Detecting Communities by Sentiment Analysis of Controversial Topics

Controversial topics, particularly political topics, often provoke very different emotions among different communities. By detecting and analyzing communities formed around these controversial topics we can paint a picture of how polarized a country is and how these communities evolved over time. In this research, we made use of Internet data from Twitter, one of the most popular online social media sites, to identify a controversial topic of interest and the emotions expressed towards the topic. Communities were formed based on Twitter users’ sentiments towards the topic. In addition, the network structure of these communities was utilized to reveal those Twitter users that played important roles in their respective communities.
Seldinger technique for nasal intubation: a case series

Nasotracheal intubation can be both challenging and traumatic, especially in cases of atypical anatomy. We present a series of 3 such cases in which an endotracheal tube introducer (bougie) was used to facilitate successful, atraumatic, nasotracheal intubation via Seldinger technique. The technique described can guide a nasotracheal tube through narrow nasal passages, small pharyngeal spaces, and past acute laryngeal approach angles, all without transoral manipulation of the tube. The technique is easy to perform, uses a routine skill set, and can be advantageous in numerous clinical scenarios.
Functionally Contextual Pragmatism

Philosophers do not have the term “pragmatism” to themselves. It has a characteristic and long-established usage in relation to political matters. Someone is “pragmatic” in political affairs when they are willing to forego what they might ideally want for the sake of achieving something superior to what they have. In being politically pragmatic one is prepared “to settle for half a loaf” by accepting an achievable improvement rather than insisting upon a maximally desirable outcome. Realizing that the best can become the enemy of the good the pragmatic politician accepts a realizable improvement at the piece of at the cost of forsaking a potentially unattainable ideality, accepting the duckling in hand rather than striving for the peacock in the offing.
Phenotypic plasticity as an adaptation to a functional trade-off

We report the evolution of a phenotypically plastic behavior that circumvents the hardwired trade-off that exists when resources are partitioned between growth and motility in Escherichia coli. We propagated cultures in a cyclical environment, alternating between growth up to carrying capacity and selection for chemotaxis. Initial adaptations boosted overall swimming speed at the expense of growth. The effect of the trade-off was subsequently eased through a change in behavior; while individual cells reduced motility during exponential growth, the faction of the population that was motile increased as the carrying capacity was approached. This plastic behavior was produced by a single amino acid replacement in FliA, a regulatory protein central to the chemotaxis network. Our results illustrate how phenotypic plasticity potentiates evolvability by opening up new regions of the adaptive landscape.
Towards a feature set for robust printing-imaging cycle device identification using structured printed markings

Device identification is an emerging field where technologies used to create a digital image are inferred by strategic image analysis. Some of the more well understood topics in this area include techniques to identify cameras, scanners and printers. The goal of printing-imaging cycle device identification is to gather information about the printing and imaging devices used to create, then digitally reacquire, a physical document. It has been shown that accurate printer-scanner identification is possible using a specific type of marking composed of oriented, colored tiles. This paper discusses a set of features based on histogram analysis that can be applied to printing-imaging device identification problems using a wider range of small structured markings (color tile deterrents and Guilloche curve patterns). The features are robust to a number of different effects, including changes in perspective and scan resolution. The approach results in superior identification performance in comparison to other state-of-the-art strategies, and more robustness to marking orientation. Performance as a function of scan resolution is also discussed in detail.
Abstract 159: LncRNA RoR enhances the c-Myc mRNA stability in colon cancer

Background: Emerging evidence has implicated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as master gene regulators; and they are often aberrantly expressed in a variety of human diseases including cancer. One of the mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated gene expression involves modulation of translation or mRNA stability by interacting with RNA binding proteins. We have previously demonstrated that lncRNA-RoR is a strong negative regulator of p53 in response to DNA damage. The present study was to determine whether and how lncRNA-RoR regulates c-Myc in colon cancer. Methods: MTT assays were used to determine cell growth. Colon cancer tissue array was used to determine the level of lncRNA-RoR in colon cancer tissues by qRT-PCR. Interaction between lncRNA-RoR and RNA binding proteins was confirmed by RNA co-immunoprecipitation and RNA precipitation. LncRNA-RoR knockout in colon cancer cells was through CRISPR/Cas9 system. Dual fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the relative levels of lncRNA-RoR and c-Myc mRNA, and their co-localizations in colon cancer specimens. The effect of lncRNA-RoR on tumor growth was determined by a xenograft mouse model. Results: Ectopic expression of lncRNA-RoR upregulated, whereas RoR-siRNA inhibited c-Myc mRNA and protein level, which was further confirmed by lncRNA-RoR knockout. Mechanistically, we showed that lncRNA-RoR directly interacted with RNA binding proteins, hnRNP U and hnRNP D, both of which are implicated in stability of c-Myc mRNA. This interaction was further confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation. In consistent with these findings, ectopic expression of lncRNA-RoR stimulated cell proliferation but knockout of lncRNA-RoR significantly decreased cell proliferation. Moreover, ectopic expression of lncRNA-RoR in HCT-116 cells significantly promoted tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Finally, qPCR array showed the significant upregulation of lncRNA-RoR in colon cancer tissues. Similarly dual FISH revealed a strong correlation between lncRNA-RoR and c-Myc mRNA in colon cancer tissues. Conclusion: It is well known that c-Myc mRNA has a very short half-life and regulation of c-Myc mRNA stability is complex. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of regulation of c-Myc mRNA stability involving lncRNA-RoR, hnRNP U and hnRNP D. Citation Format: Jianguo Huang. LncRNA RoR enhances the c-Myc mRNA stability in colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-159
Internet Dreaming—Is the Web Conscious?

Abstract Artificial intelligence capacities for consciousness are not equivalent to human consciousness—the level of autonomous, independent, volitional behavioral control characterized by independently functioning biologic systems. There is strong evidence, however, that artificially created systems including Web-based search engines empirically demonstrate machine-based equivalents of aspects of consciousness. They have attained this capacity as based on high-level (in some cases suprabiologic) capabilities in defined aspects of consciousness (intelligence, attention, autonomy, and intention). Such systems also have the capacity to meet multiple definition criteria for having cognitive processing that is approximately equivalent to dreaming. Computer–human interface systems have expanded both human and machine capacity to address and extend scientific understanding at all epistemological levels of current inquiry. Complexity theories of consciousness can be used to theoretically support such an attainment of conscious function.
High-Resolution Cervical Auscultation Signal Features Reflect Vertical and Horizontal Displacements of the Hyoid Bone During Swallowing

Millions of people across the globe suffer from swallowing difficulties, known as dysphagia, which can lead to malnutrition, pneumonia, and even death. Swallowing cervical auscultation, which has been suggested as a noninvasive screening method for dysphagia, has not been associated yet with any physical events. In this paper, we have compared the hyoid bone displacement extracted from the videofluoroscopy images of 31 swallows to the signal features extracted from the cervical auscultation recordings captured with a tri-axial accelerometer and a microphone. First, the vertical displacement of the anterior part of the hyoid bone is related to the entropy rate of the superior–inferior swallowing vibrations and to the kurtosis of the swallowing sounds. Second, the vertical displacement of the posterior part of the hyoid bone is related to the bandwidth of the medial–lateral swallowing vibrations. Third, the horizontal displacements of the posterior and anterior parts of the hyoid bone are related to the spectral centroid of the superior–inferior swallowing vibrations and to the peak frequency of the medial–lateral swallowing vibrations, respectively. At last, the airway protection scores and the command characteristics were associated with the vertical and horizontal displacements, respectively, of the posterior part of the hyoid bone. Additional associations between the patients’ characteristics and auscultations’ signals were also observed. The hyoid bone maximal displacement is a cause of swallowing vibrations and sounds. High-resolution cervical auscultation may offer a noninvasive alternative for dysphagia screening and additional diagnostic information.
What Is New in Global Women's Health? (Part 1): Best Articles From the Past Year.

This month we focus on current research in women's global health. Drs. Stuart and Ramsey discuss five recent publications, which are concluded with a "bottom line" that is a take-home message. A complete reference for each can be found in on this page along with direct links to abstracts.
Complicating narratives of women’s food and nutrition insecurity: Domestic violence in rural Bangladesh

Abstract A rich body of research confirms a strong association between a mother’s exposure to domestic violence and poor nutritional outcomes of her children. However, there is less empirical research on how domestic violence impacts nutrition and food security. Two pathways described in the literature are (1) perpetrators withhold food as a form violence or control, leading to poor nutrition of women and (2) women’s food preparation and portion allocation trigger “retaliatory” violence by perpetrators. Interviews by community researchers with over 100 women in rural Bangladesh reveal a little documented linkage between violence and food practices in rural Bangladesh. I find that women, in light of the realities and possibilities of domestic violence, weigh choices about food consumption and distribution, often choosing to eat less or lower quality foods. That is, women often demonstrate agentic decision-making in a context of violence, referred to here as “burdened agency.” Women traverse and navigate a complex set of relationships between hunger, undernutrition, agency and domestic violence, differing from the two presumed-causal pathways. Recognizing burdened agency can explain how women make decisions around food practices, and why the uptake of certain food security and nutrition interventions may be reduced.
A Culture of Text: The Canon and the Common Core

This paper interrogates the notion of the literary canon in the teaching of literature, examining the potential effects of the Common Core Standards (CCS) on the canon. It outlines the emergence and persistence of the canon in the teaching of literature using an articulation of Michel Foucault’s (1981; 1994a) power relations so as to draw attention to teachers and students as possible subjects of the canon who reify it in literature curricula. Calling into question the possible narrowing effects of the canon on students, this paper suggests that an understanding of Foucault’s (1994a) concept of resistance may help one intervene in operations of the canon and thereby subtly decenter its normalizing processes in the classroom to produce a more dynamic curriculum. Examining several studies on the teaching of literature and the canon, this paper illustrates what acts of resistance might look like and how decentering the traditional practices that structure the canon may be possible even under the CCS.
Substance Use During and After Major Crisis and Disaster: A Practitioner’s Guide

While many people may need additional support during and after a disaster, people with substance use disorders often have specific needs including access to support networks and medical and mental health services. However, these needs are often unknowingly overlooked or misunderstood. This chapter focuses on two primary areas: (1) needs of people in recovery from substance use disorders during and after disasters and (2) people who are substance users and not in recovery. This chapter will also illustrate what disasters are, the systems by which disaster mental health professionals are expected to function in, and the context for which practitioners will be working. Disaster and crisis, by its very nature, is chaotic and destabilizing. Often, practitioners will be working in less than optimal environments. Maintaining flexibility and a team environment enables practitioners to effectively implement disaster mental health services including for people with substance use disorder (SUD).
Injury patterns and mechanisms related to refrigerator and freezer utilization in the United States.

Abstract Introduction Refrigerators and freezers (R/F) are a common household item and injury patterns associated with these appliances are not well characterized. We aimed to characterize the injury patterns, mechanisms, and affected body parts in patients treated in the emergency departments nationally, hypothesizing that injury patterns would differ by age group. Methods A retrospective review of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for all patients injured using R/F during 2010–2016 was performed. Patient narrative was reviewed for injury mechanism. Comparative and multivariable analyses were performed with effects reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results During the study period (January 1, 2010-December 31, 2016) there were 6913 R/F related injuries. The study cohort was predominantly male 3734 (55%) and the median [IQR] age was 38 [22–56] years. The annual frequency of R/F related injuries was stable between years. The most common injury mechanism was falling while using R/F (31%) followed up injuries sustained while moving the appliance (25%). Teenaged patients more frequently struck the appliance compared to adults (39% vs 14%, p Conclusions Falls in proximity to R/F were the most common injuries sustained and teenagers were more likely to strike/punch the appliance. Injury prevention efforts should support ongoing efforts of fall risk reduction for elderly populations. Level of evidence: IV. Study type: Retrospective.
The Evolution of RNase P and Its RNA

RNase P is generally comprised of a single RNA and one or more protein subunits. The RNA is the catalytic subunit, but the protein(s) are also required under physiological conditions for efficient activity. Although there is remarkable sequence and structural diversity of the RNase P RNA, they are all clearly homologous, and a consensus “core” structure can be identified. Type A RNase P RNAs are ancestral in both Bacteria and Archaea, implying that the last common ancestor also contained a type A RNA. However, in the case for the protein subunits of the enzyme, there is no clear homology in either sequence or structure between the single rnpA protein found universally in Bacteria and any of the archaeal or eukaryotic nuclear (eukaryal) proteins, including the four conserved RNase P proteins (Rpp21, Rpp29, Rpp30 and Pop5p) common to these two Domains. The simplest explanation for this difference in proteins is that the RNase P of last common ancestor was an RNA-only enzyme that acquired the rnpA protein in the case of Bacteria and the Rpp21/Rpp29/Rpp30/Pop5p proteins in the archaeal/eukaryal lineage, which was subsequently expanded in the case of the eukaryal enzyme. In this chapter, we will discuss the structural diversity of the RNase P RNA and their associated proteins in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. Special cases of evolutionary diversity within the domains and future directions will be given special attention.
Co-existing Responses in a Harmonically-Excited Nonlinear Structural System

A key feature of many nonlinear dynamical systems is the presence of co-existing solutions, i.e, nonlinear systems are often sensitive to initial conditions. While there have been many studies to explore this behavior from a numerical perspective, in which case it is trivial to prescribe initial conditions (for example using a regular grid), this is more challenging from an experimental perspective. This paper will discuss the basins of attraction in a simple mechanical experiment. By applying both small and large stochastic perturbations to steady-state behavior, it is possible to interrogate the initial condition space and map-out basins of attraction as system parameters are changed. This tends to provide a more complete picture of possible behavior than conventional bifurcation diagrams with their focus on local steady-state behavior.
Absorption of Nonheme Iron

McCance and Widdowson (1937) proposed the theory that the amount of iron in the body must be regulated by controlled absorption with excretion by the bowel practically nil and with very little excretion via the kidney. Subsequent data reinforced this view, and research focused on absorption. Despite the volume of research conducted since that time, there are still considerable gaps in our understanding of the mechanism of iron absorption and its control. Discrepancies in the data on which present concepts are based complicate interpretation.
Fairness and the Rawls Criterion

The previous chapter described some of the properties and some of the shortcomings of the social improvement criteria of Pareto, Kaldor, Scitov-sky and Samuelson. The question of when one alternative ought to be considered socially preferred to another remains largely unresolved. In this chapter we shall examine two new criteria for judging social states, both of which are explicitly egalitarian in their viewpoints. The first is the criterion of fairness, in the sense of non-envy. Under some distributions of goods, no person would prefer any other’s bundle of goods to his own. Under other distributions, some people would prefer others’ bundles to their own. We call the first kind of distribution “fair” and the second “unfair.” Can this distinction be fruitfully used to indicate when one distribution is socially preferable to another? The second is the criterion of justice, developed by John Rawls. According to Rawls, alternative x is more just than alternative y if the worst-off person under x is better off than the worst-off person under y. Does this criterion provide a good basis for judging between alternatives for society?
Inspiratory timing differences and regulation of GRIA2 gene variation: A candidate gene hypothesis

Individual variation in eupneic breathing pattern has been shown in human subjects and laboratory animal models. Genetic predisposition is one of several factors proposed as the basis for the variation among individuals. It is unclear, however, which genes may determine diversity in breathing pattern and by what mechanism(s) genetic factors play a role. Our laboratory has addressed these questions using variation among inbred mouse strains as genetic models of differential respiratory control mechanisms. This report summarizes a series of studies that considers the role of the Gria2 gene, which encodes an ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit, in determining strain variation in eupneic breathing pattern.
Virtual Lateral Vehicle Variation Study

Using a driver simulator to detect driver behavior is a very common but challenging field that started developing rapidly since after World War II. This technique is called virtual reality simulation. Virtual reality simulation is very important in case of driving as it provides a very safe environment for conducting research. In this technique, a virtual world is developed which replicates the real world and helps researchers to collect data from subjects to understand various human driving behavior. In this paper, lateral variation characteristics (speed variance and lane positioning) are monitored on a virtual highway, to help understand the cause of innumerous accidents on US highways due to failure of lane maintenance. Data was collected from five healthy subjects in two sessions where each driver had to perform two different tasks. The result implies that any secondary task along with driving distracts the driver to some extent and involves risk on the road. This study will quantify the extent to which secondary driving tasks impact primary task. The mental workload of the drivers are also determined in order to understand the mental demand of driving on the simulator.
Intestinal iontophoresis from mucoadhesive patches: a strategy for oral delivery.

Abstract Biologics have limited permeability across the intestine and are prone to degradation in the acidic-proteolytic milieu of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to poor oral bioavailability. Iontophoresis is a promising technology that can substantially improve transport of drugs across biological barriers and has been particularly explored for skin. In this study, we investigated whether iontophoresis across the intestine can be utilized to improve oral insulin transport. Application of electric current to intestinal cells resulted in opening of the tight junctions in vitro and a consequent about 3-fold improvement in paracellular transport of insulin. When evaluated in vivo using insulin-loaded mucoadhesive patches, iontophoresis produced profound hypoglycemia (63% blood glucose drop in 3 h) without damaging the intestinal tissue and the efficacy depended on insulin dose and current density. This study presents a proof of principle for intestinal iontophoresis as a novel method for oral protein delivery.