cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of two-photon pumped cavity lasing in novel dye doped solid matrices

Two-photon pumped frequency upconversion cavity lasing at /spl sim/600 nm is accomplished in three types of dye-doped solid rods pumped with /spl sim/10 ns and 1.06-/spl mu/m IR laser pulses. The dopant is a new dye, trans-4-[p-(N-ethyl-N-(hydroxyethyl)amino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium tetraphenylborate, abbreviated as ASPT, which possesses a greater two-photon absorption cross section and stronger upconversion fluorescence emission than common commercial dyes (such as rhodamine). Three different materials were chosen as solid matrices: poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), VYCOR porous glass, and sol-gel glass. Using a Q-switched Nd:YAG pulse laser as the pump source, strong cavity lasing could be achieved in these three ASPT doped solid rods as well as in ASPT solution in a liquid cell. The spectral, temporal, and spatial characteristics of the cavity lasing output have been systematically investigated. The measured output-input characteristics, lasing lifetime, and damage threshold for the three different rods are presented.
Race, Hyper‐Incarceration, and US Poverty Policy in Historic Perspective

In this article, I bring scholarship on welfare reform into discussion with work on crime control and racial and ethnic relations. I locate the genesis of hyper-incarceration and the moral suasion imposed on the recipients of contemporary social welfare services through the poverty policies of the Victorian era and later the postbellum south, implicating the checkered history of racial domination in the United States in the development of social welfare and criminal justice policy. I conclude by discussing the ways in which the United States has been reconfigured to facilitate these trends and of new terrain in the study of marginality in the neoliberal age. Doing so demonstrates the long-standing collusion between welfare state and criminal justice actors, identifies the racialized target of punishment and poverty management, highlights the significance of race in the development of social policy, and exhibits the importance of social welfare policy in contemporary race and ethnic relations.
Distinct neural activation patterns underlie economic decisions in high and low psychopathy scorers

Psychopathic traits affect social functioning and the ability to make adaptive decisions in social interactions. This study investigated how psychopathy affects the neural mechanisms that are recruited to make decisions in the ultimatum game. Thirty-five adult participants recruited from the community underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning while they performed the ultimatum game under high and low cognitive load. Across load conditions, high psychopathy scorers rejected unfair offers in the same proportion as low scorers, but perceived them as less unfair. Among low scorers, the perceived fairness of offers predicted acceptance rates, whereas in high scorers no association was found. Imaging results revealed that responses in each group were associated with distinct patterns of brain activation, indicating divergent decision mechanisms. Acceptance of unfair offers was associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity in low scorers and ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity in high scorers. Overall, our findings point to distinct motivations for rejecting unfair offers in individuals who vary in psychopathic traits, with rejections in high psychopathy scorers being probably induced by frustration. Implications of these results for models of ventromedial prefrontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathy are discussed.
Rigid body equations of motion for modeling and control of spacecraft formations. Part 1: Absolute equations of motion

In this paper, we present a tensorial (i.e., coordinate-free) derivation of the equations of motion of a formation consisting of N spacecraft each modeled as a rigid body. Specifically, using spatial velocities and spatial forces we demonstrate that the equations of motion for a single free rigid body (i.e., a single spacecraft) can be naturally expressed in four fundamental forms. The four forms of the dynamic equations include (1) motion about the system center-of-mass in terms of absolute rates-of-change, (2) motion about the system center-of-mass in terms of body rates of change, (3) motion about an arbitrary point fixed on the rigid body in terms of absolute rates-of-change, and (4) motion about an arbitrary point fixed on the rigid body in terms of body rates-of-change. We then introduce the spatial Coriolis dyadic and discuss how a proper choice of this non-unique tensor leads to dynamic models of formations satisfying the skew-symmetry property required by an important class of nonlinear tracking control laws. Next, we demonstrate that the equations of motion of the entire formation have the same structure as the equations of motion of an individual spacecraft. The results presented in this paper form the cornerstone of a coordinate-free modeling environment for developing dynamic models for various formation flying applications.
Dynamic Programming Based Approximation Algorithms for Sequence Alignment with Constraints

Given two sequences X and Y, the classical dynamic programming solution to the local alignment problem searches for two subsequences I â X and J â Y with maximum similarity score under a given scoring scheme. In several applications, variants of this problem arise with different objectives and with length constraints on the subsequences I and J. This constraint can be explicit, such as requiring | I | + | J | â¥ t, or | J | â¤ T, or may be implicit such as in cyclic sequence comparison, or as in the maximization of length-normalized scores, and driven by practical considerations. We present a survey of approximation algorithms for various alignment problems with constraints, and several new approximation algorithms. These approximations are in two distinct senses: In one the constraints are satisfied but the score computed is within a prescribed tolerance of the optimum instead of the exact optimum. In another, the alignment returned is assured to have at least the optimum score with respect to the given constraints, but the length constraints are satisfied to within a prescribed tolerance from the required values. The algorithms proposed involve applications of techniques from fractional programming and dynamic programming.
A Low-Power 26-GHz Transformer-Based Regulated Cascode SiGe BiCMOS Transimpedance Amplifier

Low-power high-speed optical receivers are required to meet the explosive growth in data communication systems. This paper presents a 26 GHz transimpedance amplifier (TIA) that employs a transformer-based regulated cascode (RGC) input stage which provides passive negative-feedback gain that enhances the effective transconductance of the TIA's input common-base transistor; reducing the input resistance and isolating the parasitic photodiode capacitance. This allows for considerable bandwidth extension without significant noise degradation or power consumption. Further bandwidth extension is achieved through series inductive peaking to isolate the photodetector capacitance from the TIA input. The optimum choice of series inductive peaking value and key transformer parameters for bandwidth extension and jitter minimization is analyzed. Fabricated in a 0.25-µm SiGe BiCMOS technology and tested with an on-chip 150 fF capacitor to emulate a photodiode, the TIA achieves a 53 dBΩ single-ended transimpedance gain with a 26 GHz bandwidth and 21.3 pA/ $\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ average input-referred noise current spectral density. Total chip power including output buffering is 28.2 mW from a 2.5 V supply, with the core TIA consuming 8.2 mW, and the chip area including pads is 960 µm x 780 µm.
Rhinestone aesthetics and religious essence: Looking Jewish in Paris

I explore the paradoxical construction of race through fashion among the Parisian children and grandchildren of upwardly mobile immigrant North African Jews. Faced with the conflation of North Africanity and inassimilable difference, Sephardi youth escaped some forms of French racism by enacting others. By essentializing and individualizing Jewishness through conspicuous consumption, they made Frenchness possible for “Arab Jews” in ways foreclosed to Arab Muslims. But these same practices also helped fashion and biologize their exclusion from the French nation. Rather than encourage the deconstruction of “modern” identity narratives, Sephardi youth liminality thus encouraged the reessentialization of class, ethnicity, religion, and nation.
Exact and efficient analysis of schedulability in fixed-packet networks: a generic approach

A general model for traffic flows on packet-switched, virtual-circuit based, fixed-packet networks is introduced, and an exact schedulability test is obtained for systems of such flows. Rules are derived that make the evaluation of this schedulability test feasible and efficient under certain circumstances. The practical relevance of this approach is demonstrated by applying it to a number of standard traffic models.
Gastric cancer in the elderly: An overview

Abstract Aims Gastric cancer in the elderly represents a distinct entity with specific clinicopathological characteristics and the majority of affected patients belong to this age group. Subtotal or total gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy or perioperative chemotherapy represent the only potentially curative treatment options and seem to be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates in selected elderly patients. Published research is very limited due to the strict selection and under-representation of elderly patients in clinical trials. A review of current recommendations and practice was performed. Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed searching Medline for articles published since 1974, using “gastric cancer”, “elderly” and “treatment” as keywords. Observations The data suggest that elderly patients that fulfill the inclusion criteria of clinical trials experience the same advantages and toxicities from chemotherapy as younger patients. Fit elderly patients with operable gastric cancer should be candidates for the standard surgical resection provided that preoperative comorbidities are taken into account. Perioperative chemotherapy or postoperative chemoradiotherapy should be added in case of locally advanced disease. Palliative systemic chemotherapy seems to prolong survival in recurrent and metastatic disease. Conclusions Chronological age alone is not sufficient reason to withhold curative or palliative treatment from an elderly gastric cancer patient. Performance status does not suffice in order to estimate the general condition of elderly patients and cofactors regarding their functional, social and mental status have to be considered.
The Stability of Self-Control Among South Korean Adolescents:

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime has been widely tested. Yet one of their key hypotheses—the stability of self-control—has received little attention from researchers, and no known study has examined the applicability of the stability hypothesis in a non-Western context. Given Gottfredson and Hirschi’s claim that their low self-control theory transcends cultural and national boundaries, we tested the hypothesis with a nationally representative sample of South Korean adolescents using 5-year panel data. Consistent with studies conducted in the United States, our results offer partial support for Gottfredson and Hirschi’s stability hypothesis. We also provide comparative interpretations of our findings in the South Korean context.
Active self-Q-enhancement in high frequency thermally actuated M/NEMS resonators

This work demonstrates the self-Q enhancement capability of micro/nanomechanical thermal-piezoresistive resonators. Due to the existence of an internal feedback mechanism in one-port thermally actuated electromechanical resonators, such devices can compensate their mechanical energy loss by turning part of the electrical energy absorbed from their bias source into mechanical energy. This can lead to significantly improved resonator effective quality factors (Q). Over 1000X quality factor amplification and effective Q in the range of millions has been successfully demonstrated for high frequency thermally actuated single crystalline silicon resonators.
Ultrashort pulse electric-field reconstruction using only one autocorrelator

Full-field reconstruction of ultrashort laser pulses can be obtained using Modified- spectrum auto-interferometric correlation (MOSAIC) traces and the pulse spectrum. This technique is implemented using only a single interferometric autocorrelator.
Interfacial Water and Adhesion Loss of Polymer Coatings on a Siliceous Substrate

Water is often the main cause of adhesion loss of a polymer coating/substrate system. The buildup of the interfacial water layer and the loss of adhesion of polymer-coated siliceous substrates exposed to liquid water has been investigated. The thickness of the interfacial water layer was measured on epoxy-coated SiO2-Si prisms using FTIR-multiple internal reflection (FTIR-MIR) spectroscopy. Adhesion loss on flat siliceous substrates was determined by a wet peel test on epoxy-coated SiO2-Si wafers and adhesion loss of composites was obtained by measuring the interlaminar shear strengths of epoxy/E-glass fiber composites. Both untreated and 0.1 % silane-treated substrates were used. Little water was observed at the interface of the silanetreated samples but about 10 monolayers of water have accumulated at the interface of the untreated samples after 100 h of exposure to 24°C water. Untreated, flat substrates lost most of their bonding strengths within 75 h of exposure but silane-treated specimens retained 80% of their adhesion after 600 h of exposure to 24°C water. Adhesion loss of untreated composites immersed in 60°C water was greater than that of treated samples; however, the rate of loss of both silanetreated and untreated composites was much lower than that of flat substrates. Adhesion loss was found to follow the same trend as interfacial water buildup.
Existence of solutions for a cantilever beam problem

Abstract We are concerned with the fourth-order nonuniform cantilever beam problem ( I ( x ) W Δ ∇ ( x ) ) Δ ∇ = f ( x , W ( x ) ) , W ( a ) = W Δ ( a ) = 0 , I ( b ) W Δ ∇ ( b ) = ( I ( x ) W Δ ∇ ( x ) ) Δ | x = b = 0 . Under various assumptions on f we prove the existence of at least one, two, or three positive solutions for this measure chain boundary value problem using the Green function approach.
Recent Developments in Substantive Criminal Law: Broadening Crimes and Limiting Convictions

The decisions of the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF) during the 2001 term reflect two intriguing trends. This article analyzes both trends in detail. First, the CAAF indicated a willingness to expand the government's ability to characterize conduct as criminal by broadening the reach of many offenses and by narrowing a number of defenses. In a competing trend, the CAAF signaled its growing dislike for overcharging. While supporting the use of the criminal justice system to proscibe misconduct, the court showed a distinct reluctance to allow the government to pile on convictions. The CAAF appears ready to combat criminality by expanding the reach of criminal statutes, while striving for simplicity and reasonableness by strictly limiting the government to one conviction for each act of misconduct.
Analysis of Umbrella Branding with Crowdsourced Data

We test for umbrella effects among private label products using a new type of data: crowdsourced data, or data contributed by users of an in-store shopping app for their own, and other users' benefit. We model umbrella effects in our crowdsourced data using a random-parameter logit model with private-label preference parameters correlated among product categories. Our results support the existence of umbrella effects in our limited sample data, where umbrella effects are defined as correlated preferences for private labels across categories. [JEL Classifications: D12; D43; L13; L83; M31].
Computer simulations of nucleation of nanoparticle superclusters from solution.

This paper presents simulation studies of nanoparticle supercluster (NPSC) nucleation from a temperature quenched system. The nanoparticles are represented as 5 nm, spherical gold nanoparticles lig...
Resurrecting Parents of Legal Orphans: Un-Terminating Parental Rights

Despite federal and state legislation that requires termination of parental rights when a child has remained in foster care for a specified period of time, studies indicate that relationships with their biological parents (and other relatives) remain important to children in foster care.3 Especially for children whose parents’ parental rights have been terminated, the connection with their biological parent remains central to their development and these children make efforts to maintain that connection. Once it becomes clear that the purpose for terminating the parental rights (i.e., freeing the child for adoption) will not be served, in an increasing number of cases, the state child-placing agency, parent, or the child has approached the courts asking that the legal relationship between the parent and child be reinstated. Section I provides a brief overview of the Adoption and Safe Families Act, a federal law enacted in 1997 and its possible impact on the creation of legal orphans. Section II presents an overview of current state efforts to provide a mechanism by which parental rights may be reinstated. Section III explores court responses to individual requests to recreate parent-child relationships after termination of parental rights. Section IV outlines arguments related to res judicata and equal protection that may be used by parents when the court denies standing. Finally, section V proposes a method of temporarily terminating parental rights which ensures that children do not exit the foster care system without legal parents and discusses situations when the option may be most appropriate.
Exploration of factors influencing body image satisfaction and purchase intent

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine which factors impact body image satisfaction of Generation Y college age and young professional females born between the years of 1980 and 1993, age 20-33 years in the State of Texas. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey created in Qualtrics was e-mailed to recruit research participants. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Exploratory factor analysis, reliability, computing variable mean, and linear multiple regression were performed. The variables explored were divided and grouped into major factors. Findings – Millennial females are influenced by their own personal preferences, morals and beliefs, and certain occasions, seasons, climate, and the weather. These factors significantly influence body image satisfaction. The model developed in this study provides researchers with a new perspective on body image satisfaction and purchase intent. This study extends the theory of reasoned action by identifying spe...
Prerigor and postrigor changes in tenderness of ovine longissimus muscle

A novel approach was used to measure the tenderness of prerigor ovine longissimus thoracis et lumborum by avoiding the confounding effects of heat-induced shortening resulting from cooking prerigor meat. The objective was to determine the tenderness of the muscle at the time of slaughter and to monitor changes in tenderness during rigor development and postmortem aging. Nine Romanov and 12 Finnsheep rams were slaughtered at 49.3 kg live weight. Samples of longissimus thoracis et lumborum were removed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 72, or 336 h after exsanguination. Five of the eight sample times were represented in each carcass and all carcasses were sampled at 0, 12, and 24 h. Prerigor muscle samples (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h) were clamped between two metal plates before excision to prevent shortening. The samples were frozen at -30 degrees C then stored at -5 degrees C for 10 d to allow glycolysis to proceed to completion, and thus ultimate pH and complete rigor mortis were attained. The longissimus thoracis et lumborum was then cut into chops and cooked and shear force was determined. Sarcomere length decreased through 24 h postmortem, then increased slightly through 336 h postmortem. Warner-Bratzler shear force values were 5.1 kg at 0 and 3 h, increased to 8.3 kg from 3 to 9 h, and then declined to 3.1 kg from 24 to 336 h postmortem. These data imply that longissimus thoracis et lumborum at slaughter is intermediate in tenderness, rigor shortening toughens the meat, and proteolysis tenderizes the meat, resulting in more tender meat after 14 d of aging than at slaughter.
A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Objective Learner Control in Web-based Instruction

Research examining learner control of adult web-based instruction has been inconsistent, showing both positive and negative effects on learning outcomes. In addition, the specific implementation decisions made across studies that are labeled “learner control” often differ dramatically. The purpose of the present study was to provide a theoretical framework by which to understand objective learner control and to empirically test it. In this study, a nine-dimensional hierarchical framework of objective learner control was developed from an extensive literature review. This framework includes instructional control (skip, supplement, sequence, pace, practice, and guidance control), style control (i.e., control of aesthetic training characteristics), and scheduling control (time and location control). Hypothesized effects were tested meta-analytically. Findings suggested that (1) types of learner control are almost always confounded in experimental learner control research; (2) objective learner control is not a multidimensional construct but instead of a set of related design choices; (3) across types, learner control is generally effective in skill training but varies greatly in knowledge training and in terms of reactions; and (4) sequence control is the only type that generally does not harm either learning or reactions across contexts. Given the significant confounding present in most of the literature, learner control researchers are recommended to isolate specific control features. Practitioners should identify specific targeted outcomes and choose features according to those goals. This is the first study to propose and test a theoretically derived framework of objective learner control, providing a roadmap for research and state-of-the-art practice.
Use of histamine2-receptor blocking agents and sucralfate in a health maintenance organization following continued clinical pharmacist intervention

The effect of continued clinical pharmacist intervention on the proper use of histamine2-receptor blocking agents and sucralfate in a health maintenance organization was studied. New prescriptions written for cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, and sucralfate in January 1986 (preintervention), October 1986 (postintervention), and February 1987 (follow-up), and the medical record of each patient were analyzed for appropriateness using approved criteria. Clinical pharmacist intervention occurred throughout the study. There was a significant decrease (p less than 0.005) in the rate of inappropriate prescribing in the postintervention (42.4 percent) and follow-up (48.7 percent) periods versus the preintervention period (81.5 percent), and in the average number of refills authorized per patient in the postintervention (1.2 +/- 1.54) and follow-up (1.3 +/- 1.00) periods versus the preintervention period (3.0 +/- 3.67). There were no significant differences in these areas between the postintervention and follow-up periods (p greater than 0.05). A benefit-to-cost ratio of 4.3:1 was generated from this study which demonstrated that continued clinical pharmacy interventions can have a positive, cost-effective impact on the proper use of these commonly prescribed medications.
Lyapunov Stability Analysis of Explicit Direct Integration Algorithms Applied to Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Nonlinear Dynamic Problems

AbstractIn nonlinear structural dynamics, direct integration algorithms are used to solve the differential equations of motion after they are temporally discretized. Explicit algorithms do not require iterations and thus avoid numerical problems of convergence by making use of certain approximations. Thus, they are appealing for multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) nonlinear dynamic problems. In this paper, the study previously conducted by the authors for nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom systems is extended to MDOF ones to investigate the Lyapunov stability of explicit algorithms. For this purpose, a generic-explicit integration algorithm is formulated for generic MDOF nonlinear systems with softening or stiffening behavior governed by nonlinear functions of the restoring forces. This approach transforms the stability analysis of the formulated nonlinear system to investigating the strictly positive realness of its corresponding transfer function matrix. Furthermore, this is equivalent to a problem of convex...
Laboratory impulsivity and depression in blast-exposed military personnel with post-concussion syndrome.

In military populations, traumatic brain injury (TBI) also holds potential to increase impulsivity and impair mood regulation due to blast injury effects on ventral frontal cortex - to put military personnel at risk for suicide or substance abuse. We assessed a linkage between depression and impaired behavioral inhibition in 117 blast-exposed service members (SM) and veterans with post-concussion syndrome (PCS), where PCS was defined using a Rivermead Postconcussive Symptom Questionnaire (RPQ) modified to clarify whether each symptom worsened compared to pre-blast. Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) scores, PTSD Checklist 5 (PCL-5) scores, and RPQ raw subscale scores correlated positively with commission and perseverative errors on the continuous performance test II (CPT-II). In contrast, the number of RPQ symptoms ostensibly worsened post-blast did not correlate with impulsive errors on the CPT-II. These data replicate earlier findings that link increased affective symptomatology to impaired behavior inhibition in military TBI populations, but where additional effects on impulsivity from the blast itself remain equivocal.
Turbulent kinetic energy decay in supersonic streamwise interacting vortices

Only a few fundamental studies on the dynamics and interactions of supersonic streamwise vortices have been conducted so far despite the recognized potential of these structures to enhance supersonic mixing. In an effort to shed light on this largely unexplored field, multiple experimental campaigns were conducted in a Mach 2.5 flow to probe the dynamics of turbulence decay in complex flows originating from selected modes of supersonic streamwise vortex interaction. The first part of the manuscript presents the detailed study of two vortex interaction scenarios: one selected to obtain merging of co-rotating vortices and the other to prevent vorticity amalgamation. In the second part, data from three additional vortex merging cases are used to substantiate the findings of the first part of the study and characterize the decay of turbulence. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was employed to probe the resulting flow fields at different downstream stations. It was found that these complex vortex interactions measurably affect both the morphology and the magnitude of the streamwise vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy as well as the associated decays. Particularly, while the turbulent kinetic energy across each vorticity patch undergoes an initial production before decreasing monotonically in both scenarios, its content in the coalesced structure is roughly double that of the isolated vortices. The manuscript also presents the analysis of the turbulence data from 27 supersonic vortical structures differing in shape, strength and modes of interaction, acquired within a range of vortex Reynolds numbers of almost one order of magnitude. Dimensional analysis was then used to correlate the spatial decay of turbulent kinetic energy with the vortex Reynolds number. For all the cases considered here, where the fluctuating Mach number was found to be subsonic, the form of the resulting law was similar to that reported in previous scholarly publications, despite the complexity of the vortex dynamics considered in this work.
How journalists engage in branding on Twitter: individual, organizational, and institutional levels

In a social media age, branding is an increasingly visible aspect of identity construction online. For media professionals generally and journalists especially, branding on spaces such as Twitter r...
Farm-scale testing of soybean peroxidase and calcium peroxide for surficial swine manure treatment and mitigation of odorous VOCs, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions

Abstract The swine industry, regulatory agencies, and the public are interested in farm-tested methods for controlling gaseous emissions from swine barns. In earlier lab- and pilot-scale studies, a renewable catalyst consisting of soybean peroxidase (SBP) mixed with calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) was found to be effective in mitigating gaseous emissions from swine manure. Thus, a farm-scale experiment was conducted at the university's 178-pig, shallow-pit, mechanically-ventilated swine barn to evaluate SBP/CaO 2 as a surficial manure pit additive under field conditions. The SBP was applied once at the beginning of the 42-day experiment at an application rate of 2.28 kg m −2 with 4.2% CaO 2 added by weight. Gas samples were collected from the primary barn exhaust fans. As compared to the control, significant reductions in gaseous emissions were observed for ammonia (NH 3 , 21.7%), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S, 79.7%), n -butyric acid (37.2%), valeric acid (47.7%), isovaleric acid (39.3%), indole (31.2%), and skatole (43.5%). Emissions of dimethyl disulfide/methanethiol (DMDS/MT) increased by 30.6%. Emissions of p -cresol were reduced by 14.4% but were not statistically significant. There were no significant changes to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The total (material + labor) treatment cost was $2.62 per marketed pig, equivalent to 1.5% of the pig market price. The cost of CaO 2 catalyst was ∼60% of materials cost. The cost of soybean hulls (SBP source) was $0.60 per marketed pig, i.e., only 40% of materials cost.
Trabecular Meshwork Height in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Versus Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma.

Purpose To determine if trabecular meshwork (TM) height differs between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. Design Prospective, cross-sectional clinical study. Methods Adult patients were consecutively recruited from glaucoma clinics at the University of California, San Francisco, from January 2012 to July 2015. Images were obtained from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, California, USA). Univariate and multivariate linear mixed models comparing TM height and glaucoma type were performed to assess the relationship between TM height and glaucoma subtype. Mixed-effects regression was used to adjust for the use of both eyes in some subjects. Results The study included 260 eyes from 161 subjects, composed of 61 men and 100 women. Mean age was 70 years (SD 11.77). There were 199 eyes (123 patients) in the POAG group and 61 eyes (38 patients) in the PACG group. Mean TM heights in the POAG and PACG groups were 812 ± 13 μm and 732 ± 27 μm, respectively, and the difference was significant in univariate analysis ( P = .004) and in multivariate analysis (β = −88.7 [24.05–153.5]; P = .008). Conclusion In this clinic-based population, trabecular meshwork height is shorter in PACG patients compared to POAG patients. This finding may provide insight into the pathophysiology of angle closure and provide assistance in future diagnosis, prevention, and management of the angle-closure spectrum of disorders.
Competing Developmental Demands Among Suicide-Bereaved Emerging Adults

This qualitative group case study was ascertained to conceptualize theory on the topic of grief and emerging adulthood. A literature review proved no research to this specific experience. The aim of this study was to understand the suicide grief experience in this developmental stage. Based on the exploration of 150 suicide-bereaved emerging adults, participants in the Catholic Charities Young Adult Support Group expressed common themes related to the their unique grief experiences. Criterion sampling was used, as all these individuals voluntarily attended this group after losing a loved one to suicide. The methodology was observation and recording of oral data, and participants were asked to provide quarterly program evaluations. The analysis of data was recorded based on observed themes of statements made by participants. The conceptualized grief experiences that underpin this stage of development appear to work in opposition with grief tasks. This population would benefit from further research.
Engaged Leadership in Volunteer Organizations

One of the greatest challenges facing contemporary organizations that rely on volunteer staffing is the successful recruitment and retention of capable, committed volunteers. While volunteer recruitment and retention have traditionally been a challenge for many of these organizations, numerous societal dynamics have impacted the availability of individuals who possess both the time and desire to volunteer their time and talents.
Mainstreaming Handicapped Children in Public School Settings

In this chapter we describe the foundations of the movement to educate handicapped children with nonhandicapped children in regular school classrooms, and we review the research literature relevant to mainstreamed school programs. Because little information relevant to the mainstreaming of autistic children is available, we focus on handicapped populations in general but discuss some of the specific issues that may arise when autistic children are placed in regular school classrooms. The chapter concludes with an examination of strategies for implementing successful integrated programs for handicapped and nonhandicapped children.
Miniature Explosive Bonding With a Primary Explosive

Lead azide, a primary explosive, was used to produce miniature gold-tanalum and copper-nickel bonds, typically 0.125“ by 0.187” in area. A linear relationship between the detonation velocity and density of the explosive material was obtained experimentally, and the three types of interface that are common to secondary explosive bonding systems were produced. The system parameters, i.e., explosive and flyer plate mass, under which each type of interface formed were measured. Wave formation at the bond interface was studied by preferentially etching away the flyer plate. In addition, base plates were observed that had been abraded by the action of the jetting phenomenon that is present in the larger secondary explosive bonding systems. Mechanical properties of gold-tantalum bonds were meas-ured by a 90° peel test and by microhardness across the bond interface. Failure occurred only in the lead of the bond and not at the bond interface. Microhardness measurements show a decrease in hardness of the cold worked tantalum, even at a substantial distance from the bond interface. Although it was possible to produce gold-tantalum bonds that had melting at the interface, no evidence of solid state diffusion across these melt zones was found. The melt region along the interface had a constant composition of approximately 20 weight percent tantalum, and did not vary from bond to bond although there was a large change in bonding parameters. No in-termetallics or non equilibrium phases were detected in the melt zone by X-ray analysis, replication electron microscopy or electron microprobe techniques.
Skimmer Bird Beak (Rynchops) Surface for Fluid Drag Reduction in Turbulent Flow

Nature has evolved many aquatic species with low drag surfaces, which include fish, dolphins, and sharks. Low drag surfaces are of interest in both internal and external fluid flow applications. The skin of fast-swimming sharks is a design inspiration for low-drag surfaces (Bhushan 2009; Dean and Bhushan 2010; Bixler and Bhushan 2013a, b). Sharks are able to move quickly through turbulent water flow due to the surface features on their scales. These scales called dermal denticles have riblets, which are microscopic grooves aligned parallel to fluid flow. Adequately-sized riblets lift streamwise vortices that are responsible for large shear stresses and drag. Streamwise vortices are approximately cylindrical vortices rotating along an axis in the streamwise direction. By lifting these vortices from a surface, shear stresses are decreased, resulting in low drag (Martin and Bhushan 2014, 2016a, b).
Genome analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis strain 109

Infection with Mycobacterium avium is a significant cause of morbidity and its treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics for more than 12 months. In the current work, we provide the genome sequence, gene annotations, gene ontology annotations, and protein homology data for M. avium strain 109 (MAC109), which has been used extensively in preclinical studies. The de novo assembled genome consists of a circular chromosome of length 5,188,883 bp and two circular plasmids of sizes 147,100 bp and 16,516 bp. We have named the plasmids pMAC109a and pMAC109b, respectively. Based on its genome, we confirm that MAC109 should be classified as Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis. Using genome annotation software, we identified 4,841 coding sequences and annotated these with Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Additionally, we wrote software to generate a database of homologous proteins among MAC109 and eight other commonly used mycobacterial laboratory strains. The resulting database may be useful for translating genetic data between various strains of mycobacteria, and the software may be applied readily to other organisms. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
A refinement of the alladi–schur theorem

K. Alladi first observed a variant of I. Schur’s 1926 partition theorem. Namely, the number of partitions of n in which all parts are odd and none appears more than twice equals the number of partitions of n in which all parts differ by at least 3 and more than 3 if one of the parts is a multiple of 3. In this paper, we refine this result to one that counts the number of parts in the relevant partitions.
Baricitinib: The Second FDA-Approved JAK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of baricitinib, a recently approved selective Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and explore its potential role in therapy. Data Sources: Articles were identified using a PubMed search from inception through January 2019 using the terms rheumatoid arthritis, Olumiant, baricitinib, and LY3009104, its molecular name. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles relating to randomized clinical trials, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of baricitinib were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Baricitinib exerts its effects by inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2 enzymes, targeting cytokine and growth factor receptor stimulation, thus reducing downstream immune cell function. Four trials have demonstrated the efficacy of baricitinib with or without methotrexate in patients naive to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and those who had an inadequate response to or intolerance to both conventional and biological DMARDs. Furthermore, baricitinib was associated with delayed radiographic progression. Despite baricitinib 4 mg often demonstrating greater efficacy compared with the 2 mg dose, only the 2 mg dose is Food and Drug Administration approved because of safety concerns with the 4 mg dose, primarily thromboembolism. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Baricitinib provides an oral treatment option for patients failing tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis). Safety, cost, and comparative effectiveness to tofacitinib should be considered prior to prescribing baricitinib. Conclusion: Baricitinib is the second medication in its class and has been proven efficacious for the treatment of RA. Given concerns for adverse effects associated with baricitinib, it should be reserved for patients who have failed one or more TNFis.
The Effect of Strain, Affect, and Personal/Social Resources on Problem Substance Use among Incarcerated and Non-Incarcerated Youth

We explore the applicability of General Strain Theory to juvenile substance use. In doing so, we offer three advances over prior work. First, we put forward the concept of “problem substance use” t...
Holographic Surface Measurement Techniques for Radio Antennas

Radio holography is the preferred method for the assessment of the surface accuracy and alignment of high gain microwave and millimeter/sub-millimeter-wave antennas and relay optics chains used in radio astronomy. High signal to noise ratio measurements using transmitters in the near-field are used to assess and correct small scale deviations. Elevation dependent large scale deformations are studied using measurements on celestial sources. A review of the methods used will be presented using experience primarily with the sub-millimeter wavelength antennas of the Submillimeter Array (SMA).
Sequence-specific chemical shift assignment and chemical shift indexing of murine apo-Mts1.

Members of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins have been linked to a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, cytoskeletal dynamics, inflammation and calcium homeostasis. S100A4, also known as Mts1, has been linked to metastatic capabilities of cells (Ebralidze et al., 1989; Davies et al., 1993; Grigorian et al., 1993; for reviews see Barraclough, 1998; Sherbet and Lakshmi, 1998) through several lines of evidence including: (1) Mts1 RNA is transcribed at detectable levels only in metastatic (and blood) cancers, and not in nonmetastatic cancers; (2) introduction of Mts1 into nonmetastatic cell lines derived from mammary tumors confers the metastatic phenotype; (3) cross breeding of mice prone to non-metastatic tumors with Mts1 transgenic mice results in offspring with substantially increased aggressiveness of tumors; (4) use of antisense ribozyme techniques to reduce available Mts1 RNA levels diminishes metastatic character of tumor cells. As with other S100 proteins, calcium binding is believed to trigger a conformational switch which is critical for Mts1 function. Here, we present the sequential heteronuclear chemical shift assignments of Mts1 in its calcium free form.
Recent advances towards gene therapy for propionic acidemia: translation to the clinic

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Propionic acidemia (PA) is a metabolic genetic disease that occurs in 1 in 100,000 live births in United States and up to 1 in 3,000 in certain populations. PA is caused by de...
Trypsin Pre-Treatment Combined With Growth Factor Functionalized Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel Improves Cartilage Repair in Rabbit Model

The objective of this study was to improve cartilage repair and integration using self-assembling KLD hydrogel functionalized with platelet-derived growth factor-BB and heparin-binding insulin-like growth factor-1 with associated enzymatic trypsin pre-treatment of the native cartilage. Bilateral osteochondral defects were created at the central portion of the femoral trochlear groove of 48 skeletally mature, white New Zealand rabbits. One limb received a randomly assigned treatment and the contralateral limb served as the control. Treated defects were exposed to trypsin for 2 min and filled with self-assembling KLD hydrogel only, or associated to growth factors. All control limbs received KLD hydrogel alone or received only trypsin but not hydrogel. Ninety days post-defect creation, the rabbits were euthanized and magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, macroscopic evaluation, histology, and immunohistochemistry of the joint and repaired tissue were performed. Mixed model analyses of variance were utilized to assess the outcome parameters and individual comparisons were performed using Least Square Means procedure and differences with p-value < 0.05 were considered significant. Trypsin enzymatic pre-treatment improved cellular morphology, cluster formation and subchondral bone reconstitution. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB improved subchondral bone healing and basal integration. Heparin-binding insulin-like growth factor-1 associated with platelet-derived growth factor improved tissue and cell morphology. The authors conclude that self-assembling KLD hydrogel functionalized with platelet-derived growth factor and heparin-binding insulin-like growth factor-1 with associated enzymatic pre-treatment of the native cartilage with trypsin resulted in an improvement on the cartilage repair process. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2307-2315, 2019.
Nano-layer deposition of metal oxides via a condensed water film

Nanocoatings on solids can be achieved by various processes, including sol-gel and atomic layer deposition. However, challenges remain for achieving uniform nanocoatings on nanoscale substrates at a large scale. Here, we report a versatile and fundamentally different technique, termed condensed layer deposition, for depositing conformal metal oxide nanocoatings on nanoparticles and nanofibers. This approach involves water in liquid hydrocarbons condensing as a nanoscale water film on the substrate surface, enabled by interfacial tension between polar water and nonpolar liquid hydrocarbons. Chemical precursors are then added, which react with the condensed water film to form a metal oxide nanocoating. We demonstrate this for titania, alumina, and niobia on substrates including carbon nanotubes, iron oxide particles and carbon black. Condensed layer deposition can achieve oxide nanocoatings on a variety of substrates with tunable thickness, in one pass, at room temperature. Nano-scale coatings are important for controlling the functional behavior of surfaces. Here, a deposition process in liquid hydrocarbons is reported for metal oxides, in which a thin water coating on the substrate reacts with chemical precursors, forming a nano-scale layer.
Perspectives on Fentanyl Test Strip Use among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Appalachia.

Background: Fentanyl-associated overdose fatalities have increased dramatically throughout the United States. Fentanyl test strips (FTS) may be used by people who inject drugs (PWID) to lower overd...
Faculty Law Review Articles, 1894-2017 (Index)

A list of hundreds of law review articles written by faculty members on the subject of "evidence" — narrowly defined to include only those topics covered by the Federal Rules of Evidence or its state clones. Readers who find their articles missing should notify the author who will add them to the next supplement.