cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Passive-Set-Position-Modulation Framework for Interactive Robotic Systems

In this paper, we propose a novel framework, passive set-position modulation (PSPM), which enables us to connect a (continuous-time) robot's position to a sequence of slowly updating/sparse (discrete-time) set-position signal via the simple (yet frequently used in practice) spring coupling with damping injection, while enforcing passivity of the closed-loop robotic system. The PSPM modulates the original set-position signal in such a way that the modulated signal is as close to the original signal as possible (i.e., maximum information recovery for better performance), yet only to the extent permissible by the available energy in the system (i.e., passivity constraints). We present its algorithm and theoretically show its passivity and performance. We also show how this PSPM can be applied for two applications, with some experimental results: Internet teleoperation with varying delay and packet loss; and haptics with slow and variable-rate data update.
Dystonia type 6 gene product Thap1: identification of a 50 kDa DNA-binding species in neuronal nuclear fractions

Mutations in THAP1 result in dystonia type 6, with partial penetrance and variable phenotype. The goal of this study was to examine the nature and expression pattern of the protein product(s) of the Thap1 transcription factor (DYT6 gene) in mouse neurons, and to study the regional and developmental distribution, and subcellular localization of Thap1 protein. The goal was accomplished via overexpression and knock-down of Thap1 in the HEK293T cell line and in mouse striatal primary cultures and western blotting of embryonic Thap1-null tissue. The endogenous and transduced Thap1 isoforms were characterized using three different commercially available anti-Thap1 antibodies and validated by immunoprecipitation and DNA oligonucleotide affinity chromatography. We identified multiple, novel Thap1 species of apparent Mr 32 kDa, 47 kDa, and 50–52 kDa in vitro and in vivo, and verified the previously identified species at 29–30 kDa in neurons. The Thap1 species at the 50 kDa size range was exclusively detected in murine brain and testes and were located in the nuclear compartment. Thus, in addition to the predicted 25 kDa apparent Mr, we identified Thap1 species with greater apparent Mr that we speculate may be a result of posttranslational modifications. The neural localization of the 50 kDa species and its nuclear compartmentalization suggests that these may be key Thap1 species controlling neuronal gene transcription. Dysfunction of the neuronal 50 kDa species may therefore be implicated in the pathogenesis of DYT6.
Coping, self-efficacy and psychiatric history in patients with both chronic widespread pain and chronic fatigue.

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship of coping style and self-efficacy to functional impairment in a group of patients with both chronic widespread pain (CWP) and chronic fatigue, as well as the possible mediating role of psychiatric diagnosis. Methods We identified 138 consecutive clinic patients who met criteria for CWP and chronic fatigue. We collected demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as measures of emotion-focused and problem-focused coping styles, fatigue-related self-efficacy and self-reported general health. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined with a structured interview. Short Form-36 subscales of pain-related and fatigue-related functioning were the dependent variables in ordinal multiple regression analyses to identify the best-fit model for each. Results In the final model for pain, increased functional impairment was associated with increased emotion-focused coping as well as less education, lower general health scores and higher body mass index. Conversely, in the final model for fatigue, increased functional impairment was significantly associated with less emotion-focused coping, lower general health scores and lower self-efficacy. Conclusions The unexpected finding that emotion-focused coping was associated differently with chronic pain and fatigue among patients who experience both symptoms is discussed in the context of the research on the effects of self-efficacy and possible treatment approaches.
Expanding Horizons and Deepening Understanding via the Use of Secondary Data Sources

While primary data analysis has been popular in logistics and supply chain research, secondary data methods have been overlooked. These methods, however, have the potential to generate a variety of important opportunities to expand the horizons of logistics and supply chain research. In this article, we emphasize the use of secondary data analysis and how it can address contemporary challenges in logistics and supply chain research. Our review of the logistics and supply chain literature identifies six important methodologies that can be useful for secondary data generation and analysis. We discuss how these methods can help effectively address various logistics research questions.
CLINICAL TRIALS LITIGATION: PRACTICAL REALITIES AS SEEN FROM THE TRENCHES

Litigation involving human clinical research trials has escalated rapidly in the past few years. Whereas these suits raise many important theoretical questions, they also have important practical and human dimensions of which many people are unlikely to be aware until, by some unfortunate turn, they must live the reality. From the vantage of a fairly close view on one recent lawsuit, this article offers some ground-level observations and reflections that, it is hoped, may be of use to people in clinical research who might one day find themselves in a similar position.
Quality of Care and Cancer Survivorship: The Challenge of Implementing the Institute of Medicine Recommendations

As the population ages, maintaining the quality of care for new patients with cancer will be challenged by an anticipated shortage of health professionals to care for the increased number of newly diagnosed and surviving patients with cancer.
Color-Sensing by Phototactic Halobacterium Halobium

Halobacterium halobium, a flagellated bacterium which grows in near saturated brine, is phototactic: the cells are attracted to long wavelength visible light (the “red” light response) and repelled by shorter wavelength light (the “blue” light response) (Hildebrand and Dencher, 1975). In the absence of photostimuli, the motility pattern is a three-dimensional random walk resulting from short periods of swimming interrupted by spontaneous reversals which reorient the cell’s swimming direction. Light intensity gradients bias the random walk by modulating the frequency of reversals (Spudich and Stoeckenius, 1979). These spatial gradients are sensed by the cell as time dependent changes in light intensity incurred during its translational motion. Abrupt temporal changes in light intensity mimic the spatial gradients, causing changes in reversal probability, and can be used to assay the cell’s sensory responses.
Lymphocyte Phenotype and Function Changes in Burn Patients After Intravenous IgG Therapy

• The effects of prophylactic administration of intravenous IgG on immune-cell phenotype and function in burn patients were compared with those of patients receiving standard therapy. Intravenous IgG infusions were given twice weekly for three weeks postburn or until wound closure. Intravenous IgG had no effect on the proportion of total T-lymphocytes, T-helper lymphocytes, or T-suppressor lymphocytes, but the proportion of B-lymphocytes decreased 40% in treated patient samples. Lymphocytes from treated patients incorporated less thymidine when stimulated with concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen, but not with phytohemagglutinin. The amount of IgM secreted by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures from treated patients increased by 24%, while the amount of IgG remained constant. The changes in β-lymphocyte number and functional response may have been induced by the increased serum IgG levels in the intravenous IgG—treated patients. ( Arch Surg 1988;123:1379-1382)
Effect of Simulated Browsing on Aspen Regeneration: Implications for Restoration

Abstract Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is a disturbance-dependent, fire-resilient, shade-intolerant, clonal species that is in decline throughout western North America. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of intensity and season of browsing on annual height growth of aspen suckers. The goal was to aid development of livestock grazing strategies to restore stands in decline due to excessive livestock browsing. We implemented 33 combinations of intensity and season of browse on aspen suckers in three aspen stands on Eagle Lake Range District, Lassen National Forest, California, USA, during 2003 and 2004. Greatest growth was on suckers with no terminal leader browse and ≤ 25% of biomass removed from branches. Lowest growth occurred when 90% of terminal leader length and 50% of branch biomass was removed. Growth was most negatively affected by browse on terminal leader. Growth was lowest for suckers browsed midseason only and suckers browsed both early and midseason. Occurrence of coni...
HIV Vaccine Development in Asia

HIV vaccine development in Asia was initiated eight years ago in Thailand and has since proven to be very active and successful. Thailand has played and is still playing a major role in leadership ...
Universality class of quantum criticality in the two-dimensional Hubbard model at intermediate temperatures (t2/U≪T≪t)

By using numerically exact determinantal Monte Carlo we show that the dilute Fermi gas quantum critical theory quantitatively describes the behavior of the density and compressibility along the Mott/metal crossover in the two-dimensional Hubbard model for temperatures somewhat less than (roughly half) the tunneling but greater than (roughly twice) the superexchange energy. In contrast, we find that other observables such as the kinetic energy, doubly occupied sites, and magnetization in a finite Zeeman field are poorly described by the same dilute Fermi gas universality class. In addition to these findings' fundamental interest, they are relevant to cold atom systems, where the intermediate temperature regime is currently in experimental reach.
Neurochemical Mediation of Affiliation and Aggression Associated With Pair-Bonding

Abstract Background The neuropeptides vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor facilitate, while serotonin inhibits, aggression. How the brain is wired to coordinate interactions between these functionally opposed neurotransmitters to control behavioral states is poorly understood. Methods Pair-bonded male prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster ) were infused with a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, and tested for affiliation and aggression toward a female partner or novel female subject. Subsequent immunocytochemical experiments examined neuronal activation using Fos and neurochemical/neuroreceptor profiles on brain areas involved in these social behaviors. Finally, a series of behavioral pharmacologic and real-time in vivo brain microdialysis experiments were performed on male prairie voles displaying affiliation or aggression. Results We localized a subpopulation of excitatory vasopressin neurons in the anterior hypothalamus that may gate corticotropin-releasing factor output from the amygdala to the anterior hypothalamus and then the lateral septum to modulate aggression associated with mate guarding. Conversely, we identified a subset of inhibitory serotonergic projection neurons in the dorsal raphe that project to the anterior hypothalamus and may mediate the spatiotemporal release of neuropeptides and their interactions in modulating aggression and affiliation. Conclusions Together, this study establishes the medial extended amygdala as a major neural substrate regulating the switch between positive and negative affective states, wherein several neurochemicals converge and interact to coordinate divergent social behaviors.
QRS complex detection in ECG signal for wearable devices

This paper presents QRS complex detection algorithm based on dual slope technique, which is suitable for wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) applications. For cardiac patients of different arrhythmias, ECG signals are needed to be monitored over an extensive period of time. Thus, the wearable heart monitoring system needs computationally efficient QRS detection technique with good accuracy. In this paper, a method of QRS detection based on two slopes on both sides of an R peak is presented which is computationally efficient. Based on the slopes, first, a variable measuring steepness is developed, then by introducing an adjustable R-R interval based window and adaptive thresholding techniques, depending on the number of peaks detected in such window, R peaks are detected. The algorithm was evaluated against MIT/BIH arrhythmia database and achieved 99.16% detection rate with sensitivity of 0.9935 and positive predictivity of 0.9981. The method was compared with two widely used R peaks detection algorithms.
Health-Risk Estimates for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: an Overview

As has been abundantly noted by many investigators, the paucity of definitive knowledge of metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pathogenesis of the chlorinated dioxins, principally 2,3,7,8-TCDD, in human populations continues to severely limit our ability to evaluate the scope of the chronic and delayed effects of exposure to these agents. The marked qualitative and quantitative differences in the response of animals to TCDD plus the inability to validate a number of the critical assumptions and mathematical models relative to risk assessment make the extrapolation of data from intact animals to man particularly uncertain. Hence, it is vital to vigorously pursue the elaboration of the mechanism of action of TCDD at the molecular level. This should greatly contribute to our fundamental understanding of this agent and the potential danger that it may pose for man.
OP0041 Pregnancy Outcomes for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Subjects with Conception during Belimumab Intravenous (IV) and Subcutaneous (SC) Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials and Long Term Extension Trials

Background SLE is an autoimmune disease typically affecting women of childbearing age that can be associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. Belimumab is a biologic approved as adjunctive therapy for SLE. Although pregnant women were excluded from belimumab clinical trials and treatment was discontinued if a pregnancy occurred, pregnancy outcomes were collected when a pregnancy was identified. Objectives To describe pregnancy outcomes of women who conceived while participating in belimumab phase 2-4 clinical trial studies. Methods Cumulative pregnancy outcome data with autoantibody status (when available) were collected from women who conceived while participating in belimumab SLE phase 2-4 clinical trials. Results As of 08 March 2013, 66 pregnancies with known outcomes in subjects who received belimumab and 6 who received placebo had been reported in the IV and SC SLE studies (Table). A lower frequency of fetal loss was noted in subjects treated with belimumab (27%; 18 of 66) compared to the placebo group (50%; 3 of 6). Live births were noted in 33 of 66 pregnancies (50%) in the belimumab group, 3 of which were associated with congenital anomalies (1 case of Dandy Walker syndrome, 1 case of bilateral enlarged kidneys in a pregnancy also exposed to a known teratogenic drug, and an unbalanced translocation involving chromosomes 11 and 13 that was linked to the mother). In the group receiving belimumab, anticardiolipin antibodies were present at baseline in 21% (7 of 33) of subjects who had live births and in 44% (8 of 18) of subjects with fetal loss. Conclusions Total fetal loss in belimumab-treated subjects was similar to background estimates in SLE patients (∼25%), although data remain limited. Valuable clinical information can be obtained through the Belimumab Pregnancy Registry (BPR), an international, prospective cohort study with voluntary participation. The BPR will add to current clinical experience with belimumab and assist clinicians and patients regarding potential risks and benefits of treating SLE patients who are contemplating pregnancy or are pregnant. GSK1550188; eTrack Study #201182 References Andrade R, Sanchez ML, Alarcon GS, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus from a multiethnic US cohort: LUMINA (LU1). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26:268-74. Clowse ME, Magder LS, Witter F et al. The impact of increased lupus activity on obstetric outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:514-21. Rahman P, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB. Clinical predictors of fetal outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 1998; 25.8:1526-30. Disclosure of Interest M. Powell Shareholder of: GlaxoSmithKline, Employee of: GlaxoSmithKline, D. Hill Shareholder of: GlaxoSmithKline, Employee of: GlaxoSmithKline, A. Eudy Employee of: GlaxoSmithKline, H. Landy Consultant for: GlaxoSmithKline, M. Petri Consultant for: GlaxoSmithKline DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4484
Rumen protected fat in kline barley or corn diets for beef cattle: digestibility, physiological, and feedlot responses.

A rumen protected fat product composed of Ca salts of fatty acids (CAF) was evaluated in beef cattle diets. Dietary treatments in a metabolism trial (six steers, 251 +/- 15 kg) and Feedlot Trial 1 (15 individually fed heifers, 355 +/- 11 kg) consisted of 62.1% corn and 3.2% soybean meal (C), 32.6% corn and 33.1% Kline barley (CB), and 28.2% corn, 33.1% barley, and 4.5% CAF (CBF) on a DM basis. Apparent DM and OM digestibilities were higher (P less than .05) and NDF digestibility was lower (P less than .05) for C than for CB and CBF. Apparent ether extract digestibility was higher (P less than .01) for CBF than for CB. Retention of N was higher (P less than .05) for C than for CB and CBF. On d 42, Feedlot Trial 1 ruminal fluid acetate:propionate ratio was lower (P less than .01) for C than for CB and CBF, and the ratio was lower (P less than .01) for CB than for CBF. Treatments did not affect (P less than .10) ADG and DMI of heifers, but feed/gain was lower (P less than .05) for C than for CB and CBF, and feed/gain was higher (P less than .05) for CBF than for CB. In Feedlot Trial 2, steers and heifers were fed the C diet or a 57% corn, 21.4% peanut hull, 4.1% soybean meal, and 4.5% CAF diet (CF) on an ad libitum basis for 50 d. Ruminal fluid acetate and propionate were unaffected (P greater than .10) by dietary treatments. Cattle ADG tended to be lower (P greater than .10), DMI was lower (P less than .05), and feed/gain tended to be improved (P greater than .10) for CF compared with C. Kline barley has potential as a feed grain for cattle, but CAF may not improve beef cattle performance, especially when diets contain barley.
Analysis of 13 kinds mineral elements of familiar wild edible fungi in yunnan province

Objective:Analysis content of 13 kinds mineral elements(K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Se,Li,Sr,Ni,F)of 41 kinds familiar wild edible fungi in yunnan province,founded content form of 13 kinds mineral elements and databank.Methods: Use determination methods from national food saftey standard to quantitatively determine content of 13 kinds mineral elements in 41 kinds familiar wild edible fungi and statistical analyze determination data.Results: Content of Se,K and Fe of 41 kinds familiar wild edible fungi are higher than content of stem leaf moss flower and melon kinds of vegetables,the other content of 10 mineral elements are the same as content of stem leaf moss flower and melon kinds of vegetables.Conclusion: Content of mineral elements in 41 kinds familiar wild edible fungi in yunnan province are rich and are foods of high Se,K and low Na.
Comparison of perioperative events between open repair and endovascular repair in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients

Objective To analyze and compare the perioperative events of open repair and endovascular repair in abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)patients.Methods A total of 79 patients with AAA in Department of Vascular Surgery,Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science from June 2010 to June 2012 were selected,including 35 cases of open repair as surgery group and 44 cases of endovascular repair as stent group.The perioperative events of the 79 cases were kept statistics and analyzed,including operative time,intraoperative hemorrhage,blood transfusion,extubation time,stay time in intensive care unit,and complications,etc.Results Compared with stent group,the operative time of surgery group was longer,and the intraoperative hemorrhage and blood transfusion were much more,the differences had statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion Both open repair and endovascular repair are safe and effective to AAA.As minimally invasive surgery,endovascular repair has the advantages of shorter operative time,less intraoperative hemorrhage and blood transfusion,and less perioperative complications.For the high-risk patients who had advanced age or multi-complication,it is much more important to strengthen supervision,give actively and positively,in order to decrease or avoid complications.
CT restaging of testicular germ cell tumors: the incidence of isolated pelvic metastases

Abstract Purpose We determined the incidence of isolated pelvic metastases at restaging computed tomography (CT) in patients with testicular germ cell tumors to consider if imaging the pelvis could be omitted. Methods After receiving IRB approval for this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, medical records of 560 men (mean age 32.8) with 583 testicular germ cell tumors who underwent 3683 restaging CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis were reviewed to determine the proportion of patients with metastatic disease in the pelvis alone, as verified by histology or by resolution after therapy. Chi-square statistical analysis tested the association between factors currently thought to predispose patients to pelvic metastases. Patients were also categorized by clinical stage, tumor histology, and initial treatment. Results Isolated pelvic metastases were detected in nine (1.6%) of 560 men. Neither bulky abdominal disease (p = 0.85) nor extratesticular invasion by the primary tumor (p = 0.37) were statistically significant in predicting which patients were more likely to have isolated pelvic metastases. Among the nine patients with isolated pelvic recurrence, only three (0.7%) of 408 men with no known pelvic disease at initial staging and no tumor marker elevation at restaging had isolated pelvic metastases. Isolated pelvic recurrence was not statistically different when analyzed by initial stage and treatment. Conclusion The incidence of isolated pelvic metastases in testicular germ cell tumors at restaging CT is low, but no group of patients was found to be without risk. Therefore, given the small, if any, risk of radiation-induced harm, the decision about whether to include routine pelvic CT in surveillance protocols should be individualized.
Simulation of Spherical Wave Propagation in non-Kolmogorov turbulence

I present the results of an extensive simulation campaign examining the scintillation index of a spherical wave source propagating through uniform non-Kolmogorov and for Kolmogorov turbulence. Kolmogorov results are compared to extended Rytov theory.
First-principles phase diagram calculations for the rocksalt-structure quasibinary systems TiN–ZrN, TiN–HfN and ZrN–HfN

We have studied the phase equilibria of three ceramic quasibinary systems Ti1-x Zr x N, Ti1-x Hf x N and Zr1-x Hf x N (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1) with density functional theory, cluster expansion and Monte Carlo simulations. We predict consolute temperatures (T C), at which miscibility gaps close, for Ti1-x Zr x N to be 1400 K, for Ti1-x Hf x N to be 700 K, and below 200 K for Zr1-x Hf x N. The asymmetry of the formation energy ΔE f(x) is greater for Ti1-x Hf x N than Ti1-x Zr x N, with less solubility on the smaller cation TiN-side, and similar asymmetries were predicted for the corresponding phase diagrams. We also analyzed different energetic contributions: ΔE f of the random solid solutions were decomposed into a volume change term, [Formula: see text], and a chemical exchange and relaxation term, [Formula: see text]. These two energies partially cancel one another. We conclude that [Formula: see text] influences the magnitude of T C and [Formula: see text] influences the asymmetry of ΔE f(x) and phase boundaries. We also conclude that the absence of experimentally observed phase separation in Ti1-x Zr x N and Ti1-x Hf x N is due to slow kinetics at low temperatures. In addition, elastic constants and mechanical properties of the random solid solutions were studied with the special quasirandom solution approach. Monotonic trends, in the composition dependence, of shear-related mechanical properties, such as Vickers hardness between 18 to 23 GPa, were predicted. Trends for Ti1-x Zr x N and Ti1-x Hf x N exhibit down-bowing (convexity). It shows that mixing nitrides of same group transition metals does not lead to hardness increase from an electronic origin, but through solution hardening mechanism. The mixed thin films show consistency and stability with little phase separation, making them desirable coating choices.
Carfilzomib (CFZ): A Novel Proteasome Inhibitor That Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Cell Death In Rituximab-Chemotherapy Resistant Lymphoma and Potentiates the Anti-Tumor Activity of Chemotherapeutic Agents

Abstract Abstract 4908 Rituximab-chemotherapy relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas represent an emerging clinical challenge that underlies the need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system using bortezomib (BTZ) has resulted in significant anti-tumor activity and potentiates the effects of chemotherapy/biologic agents in multiple myeloma, and to a lesser degree, B-cell lymphoma. CFZ is as a novel proteasome inhibitor which is selective and structurally distinct from BTZ. In an attempt to characterize the biological activity of CFZ, we evaluated its anti-tumor activity in several lymphoma pre-clinical models. Rituximab-chemotherapy sensitive cell lines (RSCL), rituximab-chemotherapy resistant cell lines (RRCL), as well as primary tumor cells derived from patients with de novo or relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma, were exposed to escalating doses of CFZ or BTZ (1-7.5nM) alone or in combination with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, or gemcitabine for 24, 48 and 72hours. Cell viability was determined by cell titer glow luminescent assay and cell cycle was analyzed by FASCan DNA methodology. Patient-derived lymphoma cells were isolated from fresh biopsy tissue via negative selection using magnetic beads. Western blots were performed using cell lysates from CFZ, BTZ or control-treated cells to detect PARP-cleavage and/or changes in Bcl-2 family members. CFZ was more active than BTZ and exhibited dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxicity against RSCL, RRCL, and primary tumor cells. We found a 10-fold concentration difference between CFZ and BTZ activity. In vitro exposure of RRCL or RSCL to CFZ resulted in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In addition, CFZ exposure resulted in the up-regulation of Bak and Noxa levels and subsequent PARP cleavage in RRCL. Finally, CFZ demonstrated the ability to overcome resistance to chemotherapy in RRCL and potentiated the anti-tumor activity of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in B-cell lymphoma cell lines. In summary, our data strongly suggest that CFZ is a novel and potent proteasome inhibitor which is able to: overcome resistance to some conventional chemotherapeutic agents, upregulate proapoptotic proteins to enhance cell death, and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in lymphoma cells. Our preclinical data supports future clinical evaluation of CFZ in patients with refractory B-cell lymphoma. (Supported by USPHS grant R01 CA136907-01A1 from the National Cancer Institute). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Prolonged Intracisternal Papaverine Toxicity: Index Case Description and Proposed Mechanism of Action.

Background Intracisternal papaverine (iPPV) is a vasodilator used for prophylaxis of intraoperative vasospasm during aneurysmal clipping. Postoperative side effects of iPPV include transient cranial nerve palsies, most commonly mydriasis owing to oculomotor nerve involvement, with rapid resolution. Methods We critically reviewed current literature on the adverse effects of iPPV in aneurysmal surgery with a focus on oculomotor nerve involvement. We also present the index case of prolonged bilateral mydriasis secondary to iPPV irrigation toxicity and its putative underlying mechanism. Results Papaverine toxicity occurs in the setting of its antimuscarinic action and blood–cerebrospinal fluid and blood-brain barrier compromise owing to acute subarachnoid hemorrhage and direct effect of papaverine. Our patient also experienced severe vasospasm and a minor stroke, both contributing to further blood-brain barrier disruption, and relatively acidic pH of the subarachnoid hemorrhage milieu. Conclusions We propose that these factors perpetuate phase dynamics of papaverine crystals and facilitate a sustained slow release of papaverine within the cisternal system. Were it indicated, 0.3% iPPV would reasonably diminish the risk for neurotoxicity.
Cognitive complexity of clients and counsellors during motivation-based treatment for smoking cessation: an observational study on occasional smokers in a US college sample

Objective Motivational interviewing (MI) is a widely used and promising treatment approach for aiding in smoking cessation. The present observational study adds to other recent research on why and when MI works by investigating a new potential mechanism: integrative complexity. Setting The study took place in college fraternity and sorority chapters at one large midwestern university. Participants Researchers transcribed MI counselling sessions from a previous randomised controlled trial focused on tobacco cessation among college students and subsequently scored clients’ and counsellors’ discussions across four counselling sessions for integrative complexity. Interventions This is an observational secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial that tested the effectiveness of MI. We analysed the relationship between integrative complexity and success at quitting smoking in the trial. Primary and secondary outcome measures Success in quitting smoking:Participants were categorised into two outcome groups (successful quitters vs failed attempters), created based on dichotomous outcomes on two standard variables: (1) self-reported attempts to quit and (2) number of days smoked via timeline follow-back assessment procedures that use key events in participants’ lives to prompt their recall of smoking. Results We found (1) significantly higher complexity overall for participants who tried to quit but failed compared with successful quitters (standardised β=0.36, p LCI =0.16, (Upper Confidence Interval) UCI =0.47) and (2) the predictive effect of complexity on outcome remains when controlling for standard motivational and demographic variables (partial r (102)=−0.23, p=0.022). Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that cognitive complexity is uniquely associated with successful quitting in MI controlled trials, and thus may be an important variable to more fully explore during treatment.
1968: Music as Rhetoric in Social Movements

In 1968 social movements sparked rhetorical discourses which occurred in many nations and on hundreds of colleges and in communities across the United States. These rhetorical discourses ultimately changed the direction of human events. Sometimes these points of ideological protests shared views on specific issues, especially demonstrations against the Vietnam War, but each conflict was also its own local conflict. There is no evidence that any specific group organized the protests, or that speakers motivated demonstrations, or that the rhetoric of one protest caused other protests. Yet, the protests were not just spontaneous fires that happened to occur in the same year. So, how is it that so many protesters shared the desire for change and shared rhetoric, but each protest was sparked by local issues? Answering that question provides insight into how the rhetoric of social movements occurred in 1968. Many scholars call for the study of the social movements of the 1960s. Jensen (1996) argues, “The events of the 1960s dramatically increased the interest in studying social movements and forced rhetorical scholars to reconsider their methods for studying public discourse” (p. 28). To Lucas (2006), “Words became weapons in the cultural conflict that divided America” (x). Schippa (2001) wrote, “Many accounts identify the 1960s as a turning point. For better or for worse, there was a confluence of changing rhetorical practices, expanding rhetorical theories, and opportunities for rhetorical criticism. The cultural clashes of the 1960s were felt perhaps most acutely on college campuses. The sufficiency of deliberative argument and public address can be said to have been called into question, whether one was an antiwar activist who hated LBJ's war in Vietnam or a pro-establishment stalwart trying to make sense of the rhetoric of protest and demonstration. Years later, scholars would characterize war itself as rhetorical. What counted as rhetorical practice was up for grabs”(p. 261). First, this paper will frame the protest movement of 1968. Then, we will search for the common factors that shaped the protests of 1968, focusing on the role of music. This analysis will provide insight into how music became a rhetorical force in a significant social movement of the 20th Century.
Cognitive Selling Scripts and Sales Training

AbstractSales training commonly capitalizes on such methods as direct observation, role-playing, and videotaping of sales presentations. These vicarious learning approaches are recognized to be more efficient than self-learning through direct selling experiences. Recent evidence suggests that vicarious learning may be the most effective way to learn as well. Complex skills, especially social skills such as selling, are more completely and accurately learned when cognitive prework and feedback are provided. This paper discusses the potential of the cognitive selling script in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of sales training programs. Scripts are described as cognitive structures concerning how to sell. Incorporation of the selling scripts of experienced, successful sales personnel into sales training promises to further enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of such programs.
Cryotherapy the dry benefits

Cryotherapy is use of cold to decrease pain muscle spasm and temperature to name a few It is often used to prevent swelling and for muscle recovery following strenuous activity Most cryotherapy devices ice packs ice massage and cold whirlpool are delivered via a wet medium Cryosauna uses a dry medium of nitrogen vapor The patient stands in a cylinder that covers every body part except the head The vapor is emitted for minutes at a temperature of minus F Users of cryosauna state that this treatment aids in recovery of strenuous activity This paper will introduce the cryosauna effects and benefits of this device and a step by step procedure used to deliver this unique form of dry cryotherapy
Mesoscale Effects on Carbon Export: A Global Perspective

Carbon export from the surface to the deep ocean is a primary control on global carbon budgets, and is mediated by plankton that are sensitive to physical forcing. Earth system models generally do not resolve ocean mesoscale circulation ( O(10–100) km), scales that strongly affect transport of nutrients and plankton. The role of mesoscale circulation in modulating export is evaluated by comparing global ocean simulations conducted at 1°and 0.1°horizontal resolution. Mesoscale resolution produces a small reduction in globally-integrated export production (<2%); however, the impact on local export production can be large (±50%), with compensating effects in different ocean basins. With mesoscale resolution, improved representation of coastal jets block off-shelf transport, leading to lower export in regions where shelf-derived nutrients fuel production. Export is further reduced in these regions by resolution of mesoscale turbulence, which restricts the spatial area of production. Maximum mixed layer depths are narrower and deeper across the Subantarctic at higher resolution, driving locally stronger nutrient entrainment and enhanced summer export production. In energetic regions with seasonal blooms, such as the Subantarctic and North Pacific, internally-generated mesoscale variability drives substantial interannual variation in local export production. These results suggest that biogeochemical tracer dynamics show different sensitivities to transport biases than temperature and salinity, which should be considered in the formulation and validation of physical parameterizations. Efforts to compare estimates of export production from observations and models should account for large variability in space and time expected for regions strongly affected by mesoscale circulation.
An Investigation of Science Teacher Educators' Perceptions of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy.

Science teacher educators (STEs) openly suggest that kindergarten–Grade 12 teachers must be prepared to teach all students, especially diverse learners, who may be marginalized in and by science; h...
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the world, and obesity is a leading modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease. More than one-third of US adults (35.7 %) are obese and 68 % are overweight or obese [1]. This has and continues to have major implications on health as well as economic costs from loss of life and productivity [2]. Excess fat has effects on the cardiovascular system either as a major contributor to the metabolic syndrome or as emerging evidence suggests, by itself [3, 4]. Contrary to formal thought, adipose tissue is not inert but rather a metabolically active organ producing various adipokines with targeted effect on the body. Investigation into adipose biology and mechanisms of obesity has gained momentum as new ways are being sought to combat the obesity epidemic. In January 2000, the Department of Health and Human Services launched Healthy People 2010, a comprehensive, nationwide health promotion and disease prevention agenda. Importantly, no single state was able to achieve a 15 % reduction in obesity set forth by this initiative. There was in fact an increase in the number of states with obesity [5]. In 2000, no state had an obesity prevalence of ≥30 %. However by 2009, nine states had obesity rates of ≥30 % with a further increase to 12 states in 2010. These numbers highlight the extraordinarily rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity and the resultant impact of its strong association with cardiovascular disease. This has resulted in an unprecedented need to understanding the effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system. This chapter discusses the direct and indirect effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system, and its impact on morbidity and mortality.
Molybdena, Ceria, and Niobia Addition to Supported Rh Catalysts: Effects on no Reduction by Co

Abstract The kinetics of the reduction of NO by CO over Rh/molybdena/silica, Rh/ceria/silica, Rh/niobia/silica, and Rh/ceria/alumina catalysts have been studied. Catalysts have been characterized using H 2 chemisorption and quantitative FTIR techniques for dispersion determination, and using in-situ and post reaction FTIR spectroscopy for site distribution study. The chief effect of molybdena, ceria, and niobia addition under the conditions of this study appears to be in the alteration of effective Rh particle size (dispersion) although Mo addition does seem to more directly affect catalyst activity. A plot of turnover frequency versus Rh particle size shows that all of the catalysts with the exception of the Rh/molybdena/silica exhibit a common structure sensitivity. This sensitivity has been explained qualitatively through mechanistic arguments.
EVIDENCE FOR HALF-OF-THE-SITES REACTIVITY IN THE BINDING OF OPIATE AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS TO THE OPIATE RECEPTOR

Summary Half-of-the-Sites reactivity has been defined by Levitzki and Koshland (Current Topics in Cellular Regualtion, Volume 10, 1976) as a phenomenon in which “a large number of oligomeric enzymes react with a ligand at only half of their potential reactive sites”. We have observed this type of phenomenon in the binding of opiate agonists and antagonists to a mouse brain opiate receptor preparation. At certain times of the year Scatchard plots indicated twice the apparent number of 3H-naltrexone as 3H-dihydromorphine (3H- DHM) binding sites. The simplest interpretation would hypothesize a two-to- one ratio in the actual number of binding sites. However, data from further experiments showed that while there appears to be more naltrexone than DHM binding sites, DHM is able to compete against naltrexone for binding at all of the naltrexone sites.
Assistive strategies for people with fine motor skills impairments based on an analysis of sub-movements

Four studies describe the pointing performance of individuals with fine motor skills impairments. First, we describe the pointing performance of two individuals with Parkinsons disease via a sub-movement analysis and compare them with similar results found in the literature from young children and older able-bodied adults. The analysis suggests the need of an individual assessment of pointing difficulties and the personalization of the methods of assistance and motivates sub-sequent studies. Two experiments followed where we tested PointAssist, software that assists in pointing tasks by detecting difficulty through a sub-movement analysis and triggering help, with adjustments proposed to personalize the assistance provided. A within-subjects study with sixteen individuals with fine motor skills impairments resulted in statistically significant effects on accuracy using Friedman's test with (χ2(1) = 6.4, p = .011) in favor of personalized PointAssist. A five week longitudinal study with three participants with Cerebral Palsy and other fine motor skills impairments shows the long term effects of PointAssist. The longitudinal study logged real-world use of pointing devices validating the results for real-world interactions. PointAssist had statistically significant effect of reduced sub-movement length and speed with p < .00001 and p < .0002 respectively for one of the participants. These results suggest better motor control near a target and statistically significant results on the sub-movement duration confirmed this. Finally, we designed, developed and tested a new assistive technology for individuals with severe motor skills impairments that we call the Reverse Funnel. Three participants, two with Cerebral Palsy and one with an undisclosed disability, participated and positive early results are presented as well as future developments of the newly developed strategy.
An argument against routine use of radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma in situ

Three prospective randomized trials have shown that postexcisional radiation therapy can reduce the relative risk of local recurrence by about 50% in conservatively treated patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In an era of evidence-based medicine, how then can one possibly take a stand against the routine use of radiation therapy after local excision? Surprisingly, the rationale is straightforward. In some low-risk DCIS patients, the costs may far outweigh the potential benefits. In spite of a relative 50% reduction in the probability of local recurrence, the absolute reduction may only be a few percentage points. In addition, the prospective trials focus on local recurrence as their primary end point because it is, by far, the most common untoward event following conservative treatment. Local recurrence is clearly important, but breast cancer-specific survival is, in fact, an even more important end point, and no trial in patients with DCIS has ever shown a survival benefit with the use of radiation. Moreover, radiation therapy is not without financial and physical cost. So, if there is no difference in breast cancer-specific survival regardless of the treatment and in some subgroups the absolute benefit from radiation therapy is extremely small, it seems reasonable to attempt to develop a system to select patients with DCIS who could be safely treated in the least aggressive way. The University of Southern California/Van Nuys Prognostic Index (USC/VNPI) uses five independent predictors of local recurrence to do exactly that. The combination of tumor size, margin width, nuclear grade, age, and the presence or absence of comedonecrosis can be used to identify subgroups of patients with an extremely low probability of developing a local recurrence after excision alone. When accurate measurements of tumor size cannot be made, margin width can be used as a surrogate parameter for the USC/VNPI. New oncoplastic techniques that allow more extensive excisions can be used to achieve both acceptable cosmesis and widely clear margins, helping to alleviate the need for radiation therapy in many cases.
Voting Turnout and Referendum Outcomes on Same‐Sex Marriage, 1998–2015*

Objectives This analysis of referenda voting on same‐sex marriage (SSM) from 1998 until Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) focuses on the impact of turnout, which has been neglected in previous research on gay marriage referenda. Methods We employ OLS regression analysis with clustered standard errors by state to analyze voting on SSM referenda with eight county‐level variables and seven state‐level variables. Our novel data set includes 2,610 counties across 34 different states. Results Higher referendum turnout consistently produced less support for banning SSM. Additionally, we find that the gap between the polling numbers and referendum results was caused by low turnout levels. A higher turnout would reduce that gap, so that polling would have more closely approximated public opinion. Conclusions These findings suggest that impact of voter turnout on public policy is understudied, and including turnout measures may help future researchers better understand the electoral behavior of morality policy referenda.
Putting the Tollgate Principles into Practice

Stephen Gardiner and Augustin Fragniere suggest replacing the Oxford Principles for the governance of climate engineering (CE) with their 10 Tollgate Principles (Gardiner & Fragniere, 2018). Like t...
Unpacking What It Means to Be—or Not Be—A Fan:

Sports fanship is a multidimensional concept. Fans are fans for a variety of reasons and show their fanship in an assortment of ways. In many studies, sports fanship is based on predetermined categ...
Application of the extractable lipofuscin aging method to estimate mortality and population dynamics of the burrowing shrimp, Neotrypaea californiensis

Abstract Lack of robust aging methods for crustaceans has inhibited the use of age-structured population models. Individuals are often classified based on body size, but differences in growth can bias parameter estimates. Our study applied the lipofuscin aging method combined with catch-curve analysis to estimate mortality rate for the burrowing shrimp, Neotrypaea californiensis. This species is an important member of the estuarine community with an impact on oyster production along the US West Coast. Randomized surveys were conducted from 2011 to 2014 to estimate population abundance, average density, and age structure in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. Mortality rate was estimated to be 0.719 yr−1 (95% CI; 0.633–0.793 yr−1) and did not vary significantly across cohorts. The spatial extent of the survey revealed spatial patterns in shrimp density that could be explained by variation in mortality and recruitment rates. This is the first study to apply lipofuscin aging to estimate population parameters of an estuarine crustacean and the methods we present can inform managers seeking to incorporate population ecology into management plans for N. californiensis and other crustacean species worldwide.