cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT IN SERUM AND IN PLASMA.

The effect on the plasma cholesterol concentration of various anticoagulants added to the blood in dry form, as compared with that of serum, has been studied. The amounts of anticoagulants used, per 5 ml. of blood, were: heparin, 2.5 mg.; oxalate mixture, 12 mg.; tetrasodium EDTA, 5 mg.; sodium oxalate, 12mg.; and ACD mixture, 5.3 mg. citric acid, 15.8 mg. Na citrate, and 17.6 mg. dextrose. All these anticoagulants caused a decrease in the plasma cholesterol concentration. The mean cholesterol decrease (serum minus plasma) produced by heparin was only 4 mg./100 ml. (S.E., ± 1.24), but this difference was statistically significant. When the heparin was prepared by drying a solution of heparin in 0.9% NaCl a greater difference between serum and plasma was observed. The cholesterol difference (serum minus plasma) producd by Na oxalate increases with increasing amounts of anticoagulant. The decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration produced by the anticoagulants can be explained by changes of water distribution between cells and plasma, reflected by changes of hematocrit produced by the anticoagulant.
Connections Between Group Work and Family Meetings in Child Welfare Practice: What Can We Learn from Each Other?

ABSTRACT Convening a meeting of a child's extended family and service providers in cases of child maltreatment is a rapidly growing child welfare practice. Two prominent examples of this practice are Family Group Decision Making and Team Decisionmaking. This article considers how theories of group work and small group research can be used to improve the effectiveness of these family meeting interventions. We specifically consider group work concepts related to therapeutic benefits, facilitation skills, and group decision making.
Abdominal Wall Closure in Recipients of Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplants

Recipients of intestinal and multivisceral transplantation often present with difficult closure of the abdomen at time of surgery because of loss of abdominal domain from previous surgeries or edema of the graft. When primary abdominal closure is not feasible, multiple techniques can be utilized, including placement of a mesh, secondary closure, rotational flaps, and more recently, the use of the abdominal wall transplant and fascia of the rectus muscle. The abdominal wall transplant uses a vascularized composite graft based on the inferior epigastric vessels, which includes skin, subcutaneous tissue, rectus muscles, and peritoneum. It has been successfully utilized in selected cases of intestinal transplant recipients to cover large fascial defects otherwise impossible to bridge with conventional techniques. The fascia of rectus muscle utilizes the anterior and posterior leaflets of the rectus muscle retrieved from tissue donors. It is a nonvascularized graft that can be used as a biological mesh not only at time of transplant but also for closure of incisional hernias in post-transplant patients. In addition, this type of graft can be stored as fresh frozen for long-term use.
IDENTITY, INTENSIONALITY, AND MOORE'S PARADOX

L'A. souleve les difficultes que pose la formulation naive de la loi des indiscernables chez Leibniz au regard des inferences de l'identite et de la non-identite. Examinant le cas de l'erreur intentionnelle et soulignant la limitation de la loi de Leibniz aux proprietes intentionnelles non-reciproques, l'A. propose une revision du principe d'identite en reference au probleme de l'assertion de la croyance chez Moore.
Evaluation of NE predictions and the impact of feeding maize distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with variable NE content on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Abstract Growing-finishing pigs (n = 432; initial body weight = 22.0 ± 4.3 kg) were utilized to measure growth performance and carcass characteristics when fed 4 sources of maize distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with predicted net energy (NE) content ranging from 2083 to 2743 kcal/kg. Pigs were blocked by initial body weight, and within blocks, pens were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments (nine pigs/pen, 12 replicates/treatment). Dietary treatments consisted of four maize and soybean meal based diets containing 40% DDGS from (1) source A with low NE (LOW; 2083 kcal/kg), (2) source B with medium-low NE (ML; 2255 kcal/kg), (3) source C with medium-high NE (MH; 2469 kcal/kg), and (4) source D with high NE (HIGH; 2743 kcal/kg), based on NE estimates provided by a commercial service using a proprietary equation-based system. Experimental diets were formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements and contained similar standardized ileal digestible lysine:NE within phases. Overall, ADFI of pigs fed ML was greater (P 0.19) were observed in hot carcass weight, carcass yield, backfat depth, loin muscle area, and percentage of carcass fat-free lean among dietary treatments. The NRC (2012) model was used to estimate NE content of diets by matching the model-predicted G:F with the observed G:F. Using NRC (2012) NE content values for maize and soybean meal, NE content was calculated for DDGS sources LOW, ML, MH, and HIGH to be 2377, 1924, 2612, and 2513 kcal/kg, respectively. Predicted NE values from eight identified equations were calculated and compared with model-determined NE content of the 4 DDGS sources. Gain:feed responses of pigs indicated that the NE content estimates provided by the commercial service were overestimated for sources B and D, and underestimated for the sources A and C. Feeding 40% DDGS with less NE content increased ADFI and reduced ADG and G:F, but carcass traits were not affected when the difference of NE content was less than 700 kcal/kg among DDGS sources or less than 275 kcal/kg among dietary treatments.
In situ lattice measurement of the bcc phase boundary in Mg on the principal shock Hugoniot

We report on nanosecond resolution lattice measurements of shock-compressed Mg in the hcp and bcc phases between 12 and 45 GPa. X-ray diffraction signals consistent with a compressed bcc lattice were captured above a shock pressure of 26.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.3 GPa. Our results are in agreement with the phase boundary calculated by Moriarty and Althoff using the generalized pseudopotential theory in the pressure and temperature region intersected by the principal shock Hugoniot.
Here’s looking at her: an intersectional analysis of women, power and feminism in film

AbstractWhile feminist film scholars have considered what makes a film feminist, we explore this question from a feminist sociological perspective with an emphasis on power and women in film. We take an intersectional approach to explore gender, race, ethnicity and social class in films about women. We draw from Amy Allen’s conception of power as the interrelated triad of domination (power-over), empowerment/resistance (power-to), and solidarity (power-with). We then apply Sutherland’s elaboration on those forms of power in terms of how they are depicted in film. Results reveal that most feminist films revolve around stories about power-to; women finding the courage to individually confront and challenge existing norms. Power-to films are predominantly tales of white, middle class women. Women of color are most likely to be featured in power-over films. Very few can be considered power-with films that demonstrate solidarity among women. We conclude that more women and men with feminist values behind the c...
Composite Service Reselection Method of Correlation-Aware

Most of the existing researches for composite service reselection method are based on the assumption that the tasks involved are independent. However,in practical scenarios,the Qo S of some candidate services have correlations with other services,which leads to the reselected results not to be the optimal one in the real executing environment for these existing reselection methods. To solve this problem,a Qo S model supporting the correlations between services was given by extending the OWL-S framework. Based on the proposed model,a composite service reselection method considering the correlations among tasks was provided,in which the correlated tasks were regarded as a task unit and the correlated services of each task unit were regarded as its candidate service set.Experimental results showed that compared with the reselection methods considering the tasks independent,the proposed approach could effectively improve the quality of composite service reselected.
Phenomena Dependent on O2 Transport Waiting for Isott Input

It may seem anachronistic for a physiologist to address a meeting of molecular biologists. Yet, it seems to me not wholly out of place to recall a fact that tends to be lost sight of these days in the enthusiasm of discovery of one molecular mechanism after another: ultimately molecular mechanisms will have to be brought back to intact animals and, indeed, to more or less intact man if they are to be fully utilized. With this in mind one important task for those of us who have been concerned with regulation and performance of various functions in intact animals will be to try to push our explorations to the point where we have enough understanding of certain phenomena to invite those colleagues concerned with biological processes at the molecular level to complete the analysis.
Style and Patterns of Blending

When Robert Frost says, "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood . . . I took the one less traveled," he never specifies that the poem is really about life-decisions, not about physical road-intersections. But he doesn't have to; the metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY is so entrenched that most English speakers can do the mapping for him at no cost, and the resulting reading is pretty much what it would have been if he had stated the mapping overtly. On the other hand, some clearly metaphoric utterances gain much of their power from failing to specify mappings which are not so obvious. When Emily Dickinson talks about wanting to climb a wall to pick strawberries, and not daring to do so lest she stain her apron and make God angry - precisely what prohibited activity is she talking about, if we assume the poem to be metaphoric? And how is this language powerful? Or how do proverbs like "You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink" manage to convey context-specific messages something like "Chris, you can read all the medical blogs and suggest all the best doctors, but in the end, Lee will make his own health decisions" or "Sandy, you can provide a college education for your children, but you can't make them care about their college work or choose the major you want them to choose."This paper will suggest that one major stylistic difference between writers is their strategy for metaphoric blending. Dickinson, like many Japanese haiku writers, shares with proverbs the flexibility and generality which come from mapping a clear source-domain input onto a relatively unspecified target-domain space. Such writing has sometimes been called "minimalist," meaning in part that it leaves a great deal underdetermined, and hence open for the reader's interpretation. Shakespeare's tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow speech in Macbeth, on the other hand, keeps flooding out new metaphors for life and death, playing out the disastrous entailments of each mapping, until we are convinced that indeed Macbeth has no way out but death. You could perhaps call this maximalist, in that Shakespeare overdetermines the relevant metaphoric mappings. Examining several such contrasting approaches, we will begin to develop a typology of blending strategies, which turn out to be relevant to pragmatics and constructional semantics as well as to literary analysis.
Transcription: The Never Ending Story

After more than 30 years of intense and sustained activity, the field of transcriptional control in eukaryotes continues to deliver unexpected and revealing montages of the remarkably complex yet elegant consequences of evolution. Transcription research started from humble beginnings with the isolation of 3 distinct RNA polymerases. This was followed by a rich period of mapping promoters, enhancers and the isolation of the first sequence specific DNA binding regulatory factors. These studies in turn led to the unraveling of the multi-subunit pre-initiation apparatus culminating with the modern era of co-activators and chromatin remodeling complexes. Throughout this opus of biochemical discovery we have witnessed a beautiful convergence of in vitro biochemical tour-de-force combined with the power of molecular genetics and cell biology. In this short preamble, we offer a brief and very likely incomplete history of the maturing of eukaryotic transcription and its prospects for the future.
A compositional approach to network algorithms

We present elements of a typing theory for flow networks, where "types", "typings", and "type inference" are formulated in terms of familiar notions from polyhedral analysis and convex optimization. Based on this typing theory, we develop an alternative approach to the design and analysis of network algorithms, which we illustrate by applying it to the max-flow problem in multiple-source, multiple-sink, capacited directed planar graphs.
Neurobiology of Opioid Addiction

Opioid addiction is a major medical and social problem worldwide. Chronic use of opioids causes long-term adaptations in the nervous system. These neuroadaptations underlie behavioral manifestations of opioid dependence and are thought to be important in the compulsive nature of drug taking, drug craving, and vulnerability to relapse during abstinence. In this article, we discuss the consequences of opioid use in a chronological manner from first drug encounters to addiction and relapse.
Modeling How Shoreline Shape Affects Tides and How Underwater Structures Attenuate Wave Energy: An Example of the Georgia Bight

Two demonstrations are presented that lead students to a greater understanding of ocean tides and wave energy, using the unique tidal range and wave action of the Georgia Bight as an example. The goal is to explain how varying geological features in coastal regions create different wave energies and how the shape of a coastline affects the magnitude of the tidal range. These mechanisms were demonstrated to students in an upper-division college course prior to attending a field trip, in which they would evaluate real-world examples of coastlines with high and low wave energy, and regions with large and small tidal magnitudes. Here, the method of applied learning proved to be successful in guiding students to better comprehension of concepts when relating demonstrations to firsthand observations in the field.
Positive Positions: Preparing Teachers to Respond to the Writing of English Language Learners

This chapter describes concepts and models that can be used in writing or grammar methods courses to help pre-service English teachers approach writing instruction in heterogeneous English language arts (ELA) classrooms. Research shows that new teachers may be blindsided by the presence of English language learners (ELLs) in their future classrooms and hold gatekeeper mentalities that can be especially problematic with ELL writers. This chapter explores methods to help new teachers engage with dispositions of linguistic diversity and enact effective writing instruction. These methods include ways of discussing linguistically responsive pedagogy, reflecting on uses of code-meshing, analyzing the role of discourse in positioning students, and responding effectively to student writing.
Health Communication With Same-Sex and Other-Sex Friends in Emerging Adulthood.

ObjectiveWe examined health-related communication between same-sex and other-sex friends and how communication was related to health-related behavior.ParticipantsData from 243 emerging adults atten...
Barriers to family presence during resuscitation and strategies for improving nurses' invitation to families

• Inviting families to be present in the patient room during resuscitation is not a standard practice in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Electrical and hydrogen reduction enhances kinetics in doped zirconia and ceria: II. Mapping electrode polarization and vacancy condensation in YSZ

Knowing the correlation between grain boundary mobility and oxygen potential in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), we have utilized the grain size as a microstructural marker to map local oxygen potential. Abrupt oxygen potential transition is established under a large current density and in thicker samples. Cathodically depressed oxygen potential can be easily triggered by poor electrode kinetics or in an oxygen-lean environment. Widespread cavitation in the presence of highly reducing oxygen potential suggests oxygen vacancy condensation instead of oxygen bubble formation as commonly assumed for solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells. These results also suggest electrode kinetics has a direct influence on the microstructure and properties of ceramics sintered under a large electric current.
Digital LDO modelling techniques for performance estimation at early design stage

This work studies the transient responses and steady-state ripples of digital low dropout (LDO) voltage regulators. Simulation models as well as closed-form expressions are provided for estimating the LDO output settling behaviour after load current or reference voltage changes. Estimation equations for the magnitude and frequency of LDO output steady-state ripples are also presented. The accuracy of the developed models is verified by comparing estimation data with results obtained from circuit simulations. The use of the developed estimation equations in design space exploration is also demonstrated.
How Many Light Bulbs Will it Take to Change Cognitive Neuroscience

The relationship between economically dominant technologies and fashionable scientific paradigms, including theories of mind-brain relations, is presented in historical context. Inferences are made about the possible future impact of quantum computing upon cognitive neuroscience.
Pulmonary sequestration in adults: a retrospective review of resected and unresected cases

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a form of congenital pulmonary malformation that is generally diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and usually resected when diagnosed. We aim to identify the clinical presentation and course of patients diagnosed to have PS during adulthood. Using a computer-assisted search of Mayo clinic medical records, we identified adult patients with PS diagnosed between 1997 and 2016. Clinical and radiological data were collected including postoperative course for those who underwent surgical resection. We identified 32 adult patients with PS; median age at diagnosis was 42 years (IQR 28–53); 17 patients (53%) were men. The median sequestration size was 6.6 cm (IQR 4.4–9.3). The type of sequestration was intralobar in 81% and extralobar in 19%. The most common location was left lower lobe posteromedially (56%). Forty-seven percent of the patients presented with no relevant symptoms. The most common radiographic finding was mass/consolidation in 61% and the most common feeding artery origin was the thoracic aorta (54%). Surgical resection was performed in 18 patients (56%) and postoperative complication was reported in 5 patients (28%). There was no surgical mortality. Median duration of follow-up after diagnosis for unresected cases, most of whom were asymptomatic, was 19 months (IQR 4–26) with no complications related to the PS reported. Nearly one-half of adult patients with PS present with no relevant symptoms. The decision regarding surgical resection needs to weigh various factors including clinical manifestations related to PS, risk of surgical complications, comorbidities, and individual patient preferences.
Operator growth and eigenstate entanglement in an interacting integrable Floquet system

We analyze a simple model of quantum dynamics, which is a discrete-time deterministic version of the Frederickson-Andersen model. We argue that this model is integrable, with a quasiparticle description related to the classical hard-rod gas. Despite the integrability of the model, commutators of physical operators grow as in generic chaotic models, with a diffusively broadening front, and local operators obey the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). However, large subsystems violate ETH; as a function of subsystem size, eigenstate entanglement first increases linearly and then saturates at a scale that is parametrically smaller than half the system size.
Consumers' Negative Electronic Word of Mouth: Non-complainers, Bad-mouthers, Dissatisfied complainers, and Satisfied complainers

Current literature on negative electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) points out that spreading a dissatisfying purchase experience on the Internet is a public action, and it can occur without redress-seeking. Some consumers immediately turn to retailers' websites or review websites to post negative reviews without contacting the retailer to seek remedies, redress or restitution. However, it is necessary to encourage consumers to seek redress so that the retailers receive opportunities to address and solve the issues. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify factors influencing customers' redress-seeking and negative e-WOM behaviors. This study identified four types of dissatisfied consumers (i.e., non-complainers, bad-mouthers, dissatisfied complainers, and satisfied complainers) based on possible predictors (i.e., level of dissatisfaction, perceived likelihood of successful redress, perceived time effort and cost in seeking redress, brand switching cost) and compared and contrasted these consumer groups.
Carbon dioxide-based functional polycarbonates: Metal catalyzed copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides

Abstract Proof of principles studies by Inoue and coworkers in the late 1960s clearly illustrated the poorly controlled coupling of CO2 and epoxides to provide polycarbonates. These early studies utilizing inadequately defined zinc catalysts derived from diethyl zinc and water have led to the development of a variety of catalysts for these processes over the last two decades. Numerous catalyst systems have been shown to be very effective and selective at affording perfectly alternating copolymers, including those with high levels of regio- and stereo-selectivity. The vast majority of the current literature reports upon the synthesis of hydrophobic polycarbonates which lack functionalities. In this review we will summarize the reports which utilize these well-developed metal-catalyzed CO2/epoxides copolymerization processes to prepare high value-added functionalized polymeric materials for a variety of applications.
One-tube Oxidation-Fermentation Test

Reactions obtained with Hugh-Leifson's oxidation-fermentation (OF) medium in 10-ml. amounts (one tube), without oil overlay, correlated well with those obtained with the standard OF test (two tubes) and with phenol red broth for the fermentative and the nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli tested. A comparison of tubed OF medium prepared by three different manufacturers indicated a significant lack of standardization for this type of medium. The advantages of the one-tube OF test are discussed.
On the effectiveness of data aggregation to manage network congestion in smart grid AMI

The inclusion of various intelligent electronic devices such as smart meters for AMI is expected to result in intermittent or frequent network congestion in communication networks without additional network infrastructure investments. An approach to deal with such a data volume challenge in smart grids is to aggregate data streams within the network. This paper proposes a novel approach to manage AMI data traffic volume through data aggregation that estimates the expected network delays messages would suffer and dynamically determines an aggregation policy such that the electric utility gets the information in a more timely manner, albeit at a lower data granularity. The proposed algorithm is evaluated for different network congestion scenarios using the NS-3 simulator. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm is immensely effective in controlling the increase in network latencies as congestion levels increase in AMI networks. In addition, it does well in satisfying quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in terms of data granularity required by smart grid applications.
Evolution of Chesapecten (Mollusca: Bivalvia, Miocene-Pliocene) and the Biogenetic Law

The theory of recapitulation associates the developmental sequence with evolutionary change. Haeckel (1866) and von Baer (1866) were prominent in formulating the rules asociating ontogeny and phylogeny. Haeckel’s Biogenetic Law (“ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”) emphasizes terminal additions to the developmental sequence during the evolutionary history of a group. Von Baer’s Rule emphasizes the primitive or general nature of early developmental events and the specialized nature of features that appear late in development.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors as Spinosyn Targets for Insect Pest Management

Abstract The spinosyns are insecticidal natural products originated from Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Spinosad, the first commercial product, is a mixture of two naturally occurring spinosyns (A & D). A second product, spinetoram, is a mixture composed of two synthetically modified spinosyns that, compared to spinosad, provides improved insecticidal potency and a broader pest insect spectrum. The spinosyns act on a subgroup of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which are distinct from those targeted by the neonicotinoid insecticides. Selection of Drosophila for resistance to spinosad helped pinpoint the Dα6 as the nAChR subunit involved in the insecticidal action of the spinosyns. Cases of both target-site- and metabolism-based spinosyn resistance in insect pests in the field have been reported, and programmes have been developed to manage spinosyn resistance. This review highlights the discovery of the spinosyns, elucidation of the spinosyn target site, spinosyn–receptor interaction, and progress in spinosyn resistance management.
Dictionary based codes involving power product expansions

This paper introduces the Integer Power Product Cryptosystem, a prototype for a dictionary based crpytosytem which could be of interest to elite organizations. Let be a set of positive integers. Th...
Improved diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome using age-stratified criteria.

Objective To determine optimal criteria for polycystic ovary morphology. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Multidisciplinary polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) clinic at a tertiary academic center. Patient(s) Subjects with PCOS were seen between 2006 and 2015 and met PCOS 1992 National Institutes of Health criteria. Controls were from the Ovarian Aging (OVA) study (2006–2011), a longitudinal study including healthy women with regular menstrual cycles. Intervention(s) Clinical data collection. Main Outcome Measure(s) Follicle number per ovary (FNPO) and ovarian volume (OV). Result(s) A total of 245 subjects with PCOS and 756 OVA study subjects were included in the FNPO analysis and had a mean (± SD) FNPO of 22.6 ± 12.4 and 10 ± 5.3, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created for both FNPO and OV and analyzed across age group categories (25 to 13. There was a decreasing trend in FNPO threshold with increasing age group (>15, >14, and >12, respectively). A total of 297 PCOS subjects and 756 OVA study subjects were included in the OV analysis and had a mean maximum OV of 10 ± 5 cm3 and 6.5 ± 5 cm3, respectively. The overall threshold was OV > 6.75 cm3, with a trend toward decreasing OV with increase in age group (>8.5, >7, and >6.25 cm3, respectively). Conclusion(s) Our findings reflect that age-stratified thresholds demonstrate superior diagnostic performance, with an improved balance of sensitivity and specificity compared with a single threshold. We propose age-specific thresholds for better diagnostic performance.
Voice and Lifestyle Behaviors of Student Singers: Impact of History Gathering Method on Self-Reported Data

Summary Objectives This study described voice use and lifestyle information about student singers with a focus on describing differences in self-reported information at study intake compared to data from 21 consecutive days of a voice Log. Methods Twenty-seven student singers estimated voice and lifestyle behaviors at study initiation including daily speaking time, singing/performance time, vocal warm-up, and cool-down minutes; fluid intake; perceived effort when talking, and when singing, among other items. These same parameters were tracked for 21 consecutive days in a voice log kept by the singer at home. Study intake data was compared to the median estimates from the 21-day voice log on each variable using nonparametric statistics. Results Student singers reported warming up the voice regularly at study intake (100%), but several logged ≥ 7 days out of 21 without warming up even though all days had singing minutes. Less than half reported voice cool downs at intake, and even fewer logged minutes of cool down in the daily tracking. High occupational voice demands not involving singing were reported by 37%. Large percentages of students reported frustration (63%), worry/anxiety (41%), and depression (26%) regarding their voice in the prior 2 weeks. Estimates at study intake statistically overestimated daily speaking minutes, effort during singing and number of nights eating within 2 hours of sleep compared to the 3-week log. Conclusion Student singers reported several voice use and behavior items that could impact vocal health. Additionally, how the information was obtained (intake estimate vs. daily log) did alter what was reported for some parameters.
Where Does the State End and the Church Begin? The Strange Career of Richard S. Devane

Richard S. Devane (1876-1951) was a Jesuit priest, a campaigner on a variety of social issues and a prolific author. He was also a key figure in the legislative landscape of post-1922 Ireland. He was invited as an expert witness to the Committee on Evil Literature in 1926 which enshrined a regime of literary censorship in the newly independent Ireland and he was the only witness personally invited to submit evidence to the Carrigan Committee in 1932, the infamous government commission that helped lay the groundwork for the Criminal Law Amendment Act that banned the sale, manufacture or importation of contraception in Ireland. In both his presence as a witness and in his voluminous journalistic writings on social issues, Devane provided a politico-theological legitimacy for this kind of draconian legislation. Drawing on Devane’s published works, his collected papers in the Irish Jesuit Archive and government papers in the National Archives of Ireland, this biographical paper analyses Devane’s central role in the Irish Free State’s project of social control and raises questions about the borders dividing Church and State in the period after 1922. Moreover, I trace Devane’s later political development in the 1930s and ‘40s; by this period, Devane had far less input in the State’s legislative agenda but was producing far more detailed political writings; his two later books, Challenge from Youth (1942) and The Failure of Individualism (1948), as well as showing a clear Fascist influence also highlight the soft authoritarianism inherent to the politics of post-1922 Ireland.
Acute Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure

The clinician faces challenging diagnostic and treatment decisions when confronted with patients exhibiting oropharyngeal or respiratory weakness related to acute neuromuscular disorders. The primary concern is ascertaining the degree of neuromuscular respiratory failure and deciding whether there is a need for invasive or non-invasive ventilator support, or if close monitoring is required in the intensive care unit (ICU). Concomitantly, the search for the etiology driving the neuromuscular respiratory failure or the reason why a previously controlled neuromuscular condition worsened must be initiated. This chapter addresses these difficult questions the clinician faces when encountering a patient with neuromuscular respiratory failure by summarizing the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of the condition. Additionally, the most common causes of primary neuromuscular respiratory failure, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and myasthenia gravis (MG), as well as the most common cause of secondary neuromuscular respiratory failure, critical illness neuromyopathy (CINM), will be discussed.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Overlap Syndrome: A Review

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are slow progressive diseases which have been increasing in prevalence. The pathogeneses of PBC and PSC are incompletely understood but the underlying mechanisms appear to be fundamentally autoimmune in origin. Although PBC and PSC appear to be separate entities, overlap has been described. Diagnosis depends on a combination of serological markers, imaging, and pathological criteria. The mainstay of treatment has been ursodeoxycholic acid and in some cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction and overlap disorder, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography has been useful.
Internet-based technology in multiple sclerosis: Exploring perceived use and skills and actual performance.

Objective The use of Internet-based technology (IBT) is an important component of everyday living. However, persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) may face barriers to use. This study aimed to compare IBT perceived use and skills and actual performance in persons with MS and healthy controls (HCs). In addition, it aimed to examine IBT perceptions as a unique predictor of IBT performance beyond demographic, cognitive, motor, and affective factors in persons with MS. Method Ninety-six persons with MS and 65 HCs aged 18 to 65 completed self-report and performance-based IBT measures along with assessments of cognition, motor function, and affect at a single time point. Results The MS group reported perceptions of less IBT use and poorer skills than HCs and demonstrated worse IBT performance as per accuracy and speed on the Actual Reality. In persons with MS, IBT perceptions and performance were significantly associated. Cognition and dexterity were significantly associated with IBT performance, and anxiety was associated with IBT perceptions. Disease duration, processing speed, and IBT perceptions were unique predictors of IBT performance in the MS group within a multivariate model. Conclusion Persons with MS present with poorer IBT performance compared with HCs, which can limit participation. Processing speed and patient perceptions of IBT use and skills should be considered in technology design and training to improve the capabilities of persons with MS to use IBT for everyday living. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The Value of Total Knee Replacement in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis and a Body Mass Index of 40 kg/m 2 or Greater : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Background Total knee replacement (TKR) is an effective and cost-effective strategy for treating end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Greater risk for complications among TKR recipients with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 kg/m2 or greater has raised concerns about the value of TKR in this population. Objective To assess the value of TKR in recipients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater using a cost-effectiveness analysis. Design Osteoarthritis Policy Model to assess long-term clinical benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of TKR in patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater. Data sources Total knee replacement parameters from longitudinal studies and published literature, and costs from Medicare Physician Fee Schedules, the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, and published data. Target population Recipients of TKR with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater in the United States. Time horizon Lifetime. Perspective Health care sector. Intervention Total knee replacement. Outcome measures Cost, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), discounted at 3% annually. Results of base-case analysis Total knee replacement increased QALYs by 0.71 year and lifetime medical costs by $25 200 among patients aged 50 to 65 years with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater, resulting in an ICER of $35 200. Total knee replacement in patients older than 65 years with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater increased QALYs by 0.39 year and costs by $21 100, resulting in an ICER of $54 100. Results of sensitivity analysis In TKR recipients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater and diabetes and cardiovascular disease, ICERs were below $75 000 per QALY. Results were most sensitive to complication rates and preoperative pain levels. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, at a $55 000-per-QALY willingness-to-pay threshold, TKR had a 100% and 90% likelihood of being a cost-effective strategy for patients aged 50 to 65 years and patients older than 65 years, respectively. Limitation Data are derived from several sources. Conclusion From a cost-effectiveness perspective, TKR offers good value in patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater, including those with multiple comorbidities. Primary funding source National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health.
Characteristics and probability of survival for patients with advanced melanoma who live five or more years after initial treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).

9534Background: A subset of melanoma patients treated with ICB (ipilimumab [ipi], nivolumab [nivo], pembrolizumab [pembro] or nivo+ipi) will experience durable responses. While five-year survival r...
Healthcare Access and Utilization for Young Adults With Disability: U.S., 2014-2018

Abstract Purpose Young adults with disability experience barriers to healthcare access and are at risk for not receiving needed services as they transition from pediatric to adult health systems. This study examined patterns of healthcare utilization for young adults with disability and potential barriers to receipt of care. Methods Data from the 2014 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to examine differences in service utilization, unmet need, care satisfaction, and financial worry between young adults (18–30 years) with and without disability (unweighted n = 15,710). Odds ratios were adjusted for individual, family, and interview characteristics. Results Compared to those without disability, young adults with disability were more likely to have had an emergency room visit in the past year (39.2% vs. 19.5%). They were also more likely to have a usual source of care when sick (82.2% vs. 75%). Among young adults who affirmed they had a usual place of care, those with disability were more likely to use the emergency room as their usual place of care (5.3% vs. 1.8%). A greater percentage of young adults with disability delayed medical care due to cost (19.1% vs. 8.9%) and reported an unmet medical need (21% vs. 10.2%). Conclusions Findings highlight gaps in healthcare access for young adults with disability. Differences in healthcare utilization patterns for young adults with disability and factors that may negatively influence health outcomes for this population were found. Further research focused on the continuity of healthcare services in this age group through the healthcare transition period may provide additional insight into these discrepancies.
Spline Functions on Triangulations

Spline functions are universally recognized as highly effective tools in approximation theory, computer-aided geometric design, image analysis, and numerical analysis. The theory of univariate splines is well known but this text is the first comprehensive treatment of the analogous bivariate theory. A detailed mathematical treatment of polynomial splines on triangulations is outlined, providing a basis for developing practical methods for using splines in numerous application areas. The detailed treatment of the Bernstein-Bezier representation of polynomials will provide a valuable source for researchers and students in CAGD. Chapters on smooth macro-element spaces will allow engineers and scientists using the FEM method to solve partial differential equations numerically with new tools. Workers in the geosciences will find new tools for approximation and data fitting on the sphere. Ideal as a graduate text in approximation theory, and as a source book for courses in computer-aided geometric design or in finite-element methods.
Fast exponentiation with precomputation

In several cryptographic systems, a fixed element g of a group (generally Z/qZ) is repeatedly raised to many different powers. In this paper we present a practical method of speeding up such systems. using precomputed values to reduce the number of multiplications needed. In practice this provides a substantial improvement over the level of performance that can be obtained using addition chains, and allows the computation of gn for n < N in O(log N/log log N) group multiplications. We also show how these methods can he parallelized, to compute powers in O(log log N) group multiplications with O(log N/ log log N) processors.
New Exhaust Catalyst Emission Control Systems for Nonroad SI Class I Engines

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has completed a program to demonstrate the feasibility of using integrated catalyst-muffler exhaust systems for nonroad spark ignition gasoline Class I engines (sub-19 kW, less than 225 cc). Integrated catalyst-muffler systems were developed for 4 different Class I engine families. Passive secondary air-injection systems were used with most of the systems to provide an exhaust feed-gas composition that was slightly rich of stoichiometry when used in conjunction with unmodified “Phase 2” carburetor A/F ratio calibrations. Catalyst sizing, PGM loading, and secondary-air venturi design were selected to limit CO oxidation and the typically resultant high heat rejection at high load operating points while still providing good NOx and HC emission control. Infrared thermal imaging was used to assess heat rejection at the EPA A-cycle operational points and during simulated hot soaks for selected configurations. Emissions of NOx+HC were reduced by approximately 35 to 65% at low hours and approximately 35 to 50% for configurations tested at near the end of the 125-hour regulatory useful life.
Signal Processing by Neural Networks to Create ``Virtual'' Sensors and Model-Based Diagnostics

This paper discusses the application of advanced neural network methods to the development of diagnostics for complex, nonlinear dynamical systems, for which accurate, first-principles models either do no exist or are difficult to derive. We consider two approaches to detect and identify failures in these systems. First, neural networks are trained to act as virtual sensors that emulate the performance of laboratory-quality sensors; this approach provides higher quality diagnostic information than is available directly from production sensors. Second, neural networks are trained to emulate nominal (fault-free) system behavior; model-based fault diagnosis is subsequently achieved by detecting significant deviations between actual and predicted system performance. We present experimental evidence of the viability of both approaches for a difficult automotive diagnostic task.
Expert systems implementation

Reports on the comments of knowledge engineers (KEs) on the implementation of expert systems (ES) in their organizations. Describes telephone interviews with 28 KEs who had developed ES for end‐users of all kinds from experts to novices. The questions in the interview focused on the types of expert systems being developed, the type of end‐users, the complexity of the system, the scope of the system, and the benefits the organization gained as a result of the ES implementation. Quotes and summarizes responses from the KEs. Gives some suggestions for practitioners as lessons to be learned from the KEs′ experiences.
Fuzzy, Transparent, and Fast: Journalists and Public Relations Practitioners Characterize their Connections and Interactions in Social Media

This mixed-methods study, based on a survey including open-ended responses from 167 journalists and public relations practitioners, examines views on social media interactions between these professionals. Grounded in journalism ethics and news production research, the study examines how professionals navigate rapidly changing social media. Results show journalists and PR practitioners see themselves as working in the same digital space. Journalists and PR professionals responded that it was ethical to become social media “friends” and followers with each other. Still, these relationships are evolving.
Purification of monolayer cell cultures of the endocrine pancreas.

Abstract Experimental use of primary cultures of endocrine pancreas is constrained by early, vigorous proliferation of fibroblastoid cells. The addition of heavy metals, sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, phenyl mercuric acetate, phenyl mercuric nitrate and sodium aurothiomalate to the culture media selectively destroys these fibroblastoid cells yielding highly enriched, morphologically intact, functionally competent endocrine cells that are capable of cell replication. This action of heavy metals appears to be due to reversible inhibition of sulfhydryl enzymes since glutathione and thioglycolate were demonstrated to completely inhibit the cytotoxic effects of the mercury and gold containing agents, respectively. Certain variables in the application of the mercurial agents to pancreatic endocrine cell cultures were defined, most notably the enhanced sensitivity of fetalvs. neonatal tissue, and an inverse relationship of cell density to effective toxicity. After removal of the heavy metal agent from the culture media, many pancreatic islets send out cytoplasmic projections, containing large numbers of oriented microtubules which serve as bridging units to adjacent endocrine cells. The sustained availability of virtually pure pancreatic endocrine cell cultures, which results from the application of mercury to the culture media will undoubtedly permit many aspects of the cell biology of the endocrine pancreas to be directly and sequentially assailed.
A Hamiltonian Regularization of the Burgers Equation

We consider a quasilinear equation that consists of the inviscid Burgers equation plus O(?2) nonlinear terms. As we show, these extra terms regularize the Burgers equation in the following sense: for smooth initial data, the ? > 0 equation has classical solutions globally in time. Furthermore, in the zero-? limit, solutions of the regularized equation converge strongly to weak solutions of the Burgers equation. We present numerical evidence that the zero-? limit satisfies the Oleinik entropy inequality. For all ? ? 0, the regularized equation possesses a nonlocal Poisson structure. We prove the Jacobi identity for this generalized Hamiltonian structure.
The ovalbumin family of serpin proteins

A protein family, the ‘Ov-serpins’ has been identified by comparing amino acid sequence, protein characteristics and gene organization. The Ov-serpins would not be recognized as a family based on sequence identity alone. This example suggests that combinations of characteristics may need to be examined to identify family groupings within the serpin superfamily.