cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of monotonic and cyclic axial tensile stress on the performance of superconducting CORC® wires

High-current superconducting CORC® wires, wound from RE-Ba2Cu3O7−δ (REBCO) coated conductors, are being developed for use in high-field magnets that would allow operation at magnetic fields exceeding 20 T. The combination of high engineering current densities and high magnetic fields results in large Lorentz forces acting on the CORC® wire that could cause irreversible degradation to its performance. The effect of axial tensile stress on the critical current of CORC® wires containing annealed solid copper formers has been measured in liquid nitrogen to determine the irreversible stress limit at which irreversible degradation occurs. The results show no significant change in critical current before the irreversible stress limit is reached, after which the critical current decreases irreversibly with applied stress. The irreversible stress limit as high as 177 MPa depends on the yield strength of the former, the number of superconducting tapes wound into the CORC® wire and the angle at which the tapes are wound. Although the irreversible stress limit of CORC® wires is lower than a rudimentary rule of mixtures estimation would suggest, the irreversible strain limit, as high as 0.85%, exceeds that of single REBCO tapes. Both effects are likely the result of the helical fashion in which the REBCO tapes are wound into CORC® wires. The performance of CORC® wires was also measured as a function of axial tensile stress fatigue cycling in liquid nitrogen. No significant performance degradation was measured up to 100 000 cycles as long as the peak stress remained below the irreversible stress limit. Only once the peak stress was increased significantly above the irreversible stress limit would the critical current suddenly decrease with stress cycles. The results indicate that CORC® wires have matured into extremely robust high-current magnet conductors capable of withstanding high levels of axial tensile stress and strain. The irreversible stress limit of CORC® wires could be increased further by using stronger formers and winding the REBCO tapes at comparable angles, while the irreversible strain limit could potentially be increased by tailoring the winding angle of the REBCO tapes, making CORC® wires one of the strongest and most elastic high-current superconducting magnet conductors available.
Adapting Instruction

It is often claimed that adapting instruction to an individual's progress, personal characteristics or preferences will somehow increase learning, and there have been literally thousands of studies over at least the past 100 years exploring this idea. This presentation will review various approaches to adapting instruction, such as changing the rate, difficulty, sequence or structure, instructional strategy or instructional media on the basis of learner progress, prior knowledge, aptitudes or preferences, under various forms of instructor, learner, program, or opponent control. This paper gives an organizing framework, describes some of the theoretical underpinnings for particular adaptations, and describes experimental and practical criteria for evaluating claims of efficacy and efficiency of instructional adaptations.
Future Directions for Early Childhood Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Road Map to Mental Health, Earlier

Mental disorders are the predominant chronic diseases of youth, with substantial life span morbidity and mortality. A wealth of evidence demonstrates that the neurodevelopmental roots of common mental health problems are present in early childhood. Unfortunately, this has not been translated to systematic strategies for improving population-level mental health at this most malleable neurodevelopmental period. We lay out a translational Mental Health, Earlier road map as a key future direction for prevention of mental disorder. This paradigm shift aims to reduce population attributable risk of mental disorder emanating from early life, by preventing, attenuating, or delaying onset/course of chronic psychopathology via the promotion of self-regulation in early childhood within large-scale health care delivery systems. The Earlier Pillar rests on a "science of when to worry" that (a) optimizes clinical assessment methods for characterizing probabilistic clinical risk beginning in infancy via deliberate incorporation of neurodevelopmental heterogeneity, and (b) universal primary-care-based screening targeting patterns of dysregulated irritability as a robust transdiagnostic marker of vulnerability to life span mental health problems. The core of the Healthier Pillar is provision of low-intensity selective intervention promoting self-regulation for young children with developmentally atypical patterns of irritability within an implementation science framework in pediatric primary care to ensure highest population impact and sustainability. These Mental Health, Earlier strategies hold much promise for transforming clinical outlooks and ensuring young children's mental health and well-being in a manner that reverberates throughout the life span.
Initial Development of Hand-Scoreable Scales To Detect Noncontent Responding on the Basic Personality Inventory.

This study outlines the initial development and validation of a set of scales designed to detect noncontent responding on the Basic Personality Inventory (D. Jackson, 1989).
Mandibular metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma as the first sign of occult malignancy

Metastatic disease to the oral and maxillofacial region is rare, with only about 1% of oral malignancy attributed to metastases. In approximately 20% of these patients, oral metastases are discovered before the detection of the primary tumor. Here we present a case of a 66-year-old man who presented with vague left mandibular pain and new-onset lip numbness as the first sign of occult malignancy from lung adenocarcinoma with multiple metastases.
Electromagnetic Domain Decomposition for Through-Hole Mounting Connectors Models

In this work, we apply electromagnetic domain decomposition (EDD) to separate through-hole mounting (THM) connector models into two sub-domains: the connector body and the PCB section. The sub-domain models were simulated and then concatenated in order to get the whole connector response. Frequency and time-domain validation was performed by comparing the S-parameters and time-domain impedance profile corresponding to full-domain and concatenated models respectively, obtaining excellent correlation results.
Characterization of gene repression by designed transcription activator-like effector dimer proteins

Gene regulation by control of transcription initiation is a fundamental property of living cells. Much of our understanding of gene repression originated from studies of the E. coli lac operon switch, where DNA looping plays an essential role. To validate and generalize principles from lac for practical applications, we previously described artificial DNA looping driven by designed Transcription Activator-Like Effector Dimer (TALED) proteins. Because TALE monomers bind the idealized symmetrical lac operator sequence in two orientations, our prior studies detected repression due to multiple DNA loops. We now quantitatively characterize gene repression in living E. coli by a collection of individual TALED loops with systematic loop length variation. Fitting of a thermodynamic model allows unequivocal demonstration of looping and comparison of the engineered TALED repression system with the natural lac repressor system. Statement of SignificanceWe are designing and testing in living bacteria artificial DNA looping proteins engineered based on principles learned from studies of the E. coli lac repressor. The engineered proteins are based on artificial dimers of Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) proteins that have programmable DNA binding specificities. The current work is the first to create unique DNA repression loops using this approach. Systematic study of repression as a function of loop size, with data fitting to a thermodynamic model, now allows this system to be compared in detail with lac repressor loops, and relevant biophysical parameters to be estimated. This approach has implications for the artificial regulation of gene expression.
Insights on the mentorship and coachability of entrepreneurs

Abstract Mentorship from other experienced individuals has become essential to entrepreneurs and their fledgling ventures, particularly in today’s accelerators. However, even with the acknowledgment that mentoring and coaching improve an entrepreneur’s likelihood of success, we know very little about the nuances of mentor-mentee relationships or the individual characteristics important to an entrepreneur’s coachability. Therefore, we examined mentors and founders across entrepreneurial support organizations to investigate the factors that influence an entrepreneur’s coachability, how coachability translates to venture outcomes, and whether or not the mentor-mentee relationship met the entrepreneur’s expectations. We found that entrepreneurs that are more coachable are ultimately more successful during their time in these programs and are more satisfied with their mentorship experience. This article provides insights for the leaders of accelerators to improve mentorship opportunities and suggestions for entrepreneurs to improve their coachability.
64Cu Labeled TNT-3 antibody for PET imaging of U87MG tumors in mice.

1374 Objectives Necrosis is a major part of solid tumors up to 80%, but is devoid in normal tissues. Antibody TNT-3 targets stable intracellular antigens exposed in dead and/or dying cells. As a proof of principle study, we report for the first time the quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of necrosis expression in U87MG tumor bearing mice using 64Cu-labeled TNT-3. Methods We used two macrocyclic chelating agents, 1,4,7,10-tetraazadodecane-N,N9,N99,N999-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and Sarcophagine cage (Sar) to make DOTA-TNT-3 and Sar-TNT-3 respectively. 64Cu Labeling was achieved in sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5). The resulted 64Cu-DOTA-TNT-3 and 64Cu-Sar-TNT-3 were tested in U87MG tumor xenografts in nude mice. 64Cu Labeled IgG was synthesized for negative control. Results The radiotracer was synthesized with a specific activity of 0.5-1.0 MBq/mg antibody and 50-60% radiochemical yield. In U87MG xenografts, 64Cu-DOTA-TNT-3 demonstrated prominent tumor accumulation 5.3 ± 1.4, 12.4 ± 4.6, and 16.3 ± 1.8, at 1, 22, and 48 h post injection, respectively. Similarly 64Cu-Sar-TNT-3 had 4.8 ± 0.5, 13.5 ± 0.9, and 17.6 ± 2.8, at 1, 22, and 48 h post injection in U87MG tumor bearing mice, respectively. Due to the stronger chelation of 64Cu-Sar, 64Cu-Sar-TNT-3 demonstrated higher tumor to liver and tumor to muscle uptake. The U87MG tumor uptake was significantly lower after 48 h injection of 64Cu-IgG and this confirmed the specific tumor uptake of TNT-3 antibody. Conclusions We have demonstrated that necrosis could serve as a valid target for glioblastoma tumor imaging. The success of this approach would be valuable to evaluate disease course and therapeutic efficacy at the earliest stages of anti-necrosis treatment in many types of cancers.
Real-Time Visualization of Damage Progression Inside GFRCs via High-Speed X-Ray PCI Technique

Insight into damage progression within glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRCs) contributes to understanding failure of composites by interaction of various damage modes, developing physics-based canonical theoretical models, and finally manufacturing desired compositions. In this work, dynamic singe-edge notched bending (DSENB) experiments were performed on a modified Kolsky compression bar, impacting the notched composite beam onto an indenter mounted in front of a load cell. The high-speed X-ray phase-contrast imaging (PCI) technique was used to penetrate the opaque composite and capture in real time the detailed damage initiation and evolution inside the GFRC. Experimental results were compared with those obtained by optical imaging technique, revealing high-speed X-ray PCI technique was able to characterize the inner layers of composite and capture the damage progression among multiple composite layers.
Task analysis using Behavior-based safety (BBS) for making safety check list for physical therapist

Powered exoskeleton is beginning to be used to support independent gait in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). So far, there have been some reports on methodology for walking assistance and usability of the exoskeletons, but the current situation is that measures for occupational safety for therapists themselves have hardly been examined. As the first step of the goal of building a safety checklist for caregivers, behavior of PT was observed and analyzed in the present study.
Evaluation of drug-drug interaction potential between omecamtiv mecarbil and rosuvastatin, a BCRP substrate, with a clinical study in healthy subjects and using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model.

Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a novel cardiac myosin activator in development for the treatment of heart failure. In vitro, OM is an inhibitor of BCRP. Rosuvastatin, a BCRP substrate, is one of the most commonly prescribed medications in patients with heart failure. The potential for a pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interaction (DDI) was investigated, specifically to determine whether a single 50 mg dose of OM would impact the PKs of a single 10 mg dose of rosuvastatin in an open-label study in 14 healthy subjects. The ratios of the geometric least-square means (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) of rosuvastatin co-administered with OM compared to rosuvastatin alone were 127.1% (90% CI 113.8-141.9), 132.8% (90% CI 120.7-146.1), and 154.2% (90% CI 132.8-179.1) for area under the plasma-concentration time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf ), area under the plasma-concentration time curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUClast ), and maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax ), respectively. Whereas the DDI study with rosuvastatin was conducted with the co-administration of a single dose of OM, in the clinical setting, patients receive OM at doses of 25, 37.5, or 50 mg twice daily (b.i.d.). Hence, to extrapolate the results of the DDI study to a clinically relevant scenario of continuous b.i.d. dosing with OM, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was performed to explore the potential of BCRP inhibition following continuous b.i.d. dosing of OM at the highest 50 mg dose. Modeling results indicated that following 50 mg b.i.d. dosing of OM, the predicted ratios of the geometric means (90% CIs) for rosuvastatin AUCinf and Cmax were 1.18 (90% CI 1.16-1.20) and 2.04 (90% CI 1.99-2.10), respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that OM, following multiple dose administration, is a weak inhibitor of BCRP substrates and is in accordance with that observed in the single dose OM DDI clinical study.
Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology of Drugs: A Review of Current Status of the Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with several physiological changes that can alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs. For certain drugs, dosing changes may be required during pregnancy and postpartum to achieve drug exposures comparable to what is observed in non-pregnant subjects. There is very limited data on fetal exposure of drugs during pregnancy, and neonatal exposure through transfer of drugs via human milk during breastfeeding. Very few systematic clinical pharmacology studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women due to ethical issues, concern for the fetus safety as well as potential legal ramifications. Over the past several years, there has been an increase in the application of modeling and simulation approaches such as population PK (PopPK) and physiologically based PK (PBPK) modeling to provide guidance on drug dosing in those special patient populations. Population PK models rely on measured PK data, whereas physiologically based PK models incorporate physiological, preclinical, and clinical data into the model to predict drug exposure during pregnancy. These modeling strategies offer a promising approach to identify the drugs with PK changes during pregnancy to guide dose optimization in pregnancy, when there is lack of clinical data. PBPK modeling is also utilized to predict the fetal exposure of drugs and drug transfer via human milk following maternal exposure. This review focuses on the current status of the application of PBPK modeling to predict maternal and fetal exposure of drugs and thereby guide drug therapy during pregnancy.
Ecology and cultural syncretism in 16th-century Mesoamerica

During the 1930s and 40s most studies of Indian villages in Mesoamerica focussed on acculturation, the adoption and integration of Spanish cultural traits into the native cultural system. This paper summarizes that research, also applying an evolutionary perspective, particularly an ecosystem model. It focusses on the 16th century, when two great cultures – each the product of thousands of years of independent, parallel evolution – clashed and exchanged cultural traits. From this blend began an internal growth that continues to the present.
Information systems and mental health services: issues for the 90's

Summary This paper examines issues related to applying information technology in behalf of mental health service delivery systems. Each of these issues has an impact on how well information technology has been able to serve the mental health system. These are not primarily information technology issues. They are concerns that have to do with the structure of the mental health system; the way management might use an information system; and the role of money and power in the mental health system. How these issues are resolved will have a major impact on how well the promise inherent in information technology is realized in the coming decade.
Patterns of insulin, growth hormone, and placental lactogen release after protein and glucose-protein ingestion in pregnancy

Abstract The ingestion of a protein or glucose protein meal in pregnancy is followed by changes in plasma insulin, human growth hormone (HGH) and glucose concentrations. Persistent elevations in plasma HGH are observed in early pregnancy after protein in contrast to the shorter delayed peak found in nonpregnant control subjects. The HGH response to a protein meal beyond 24 weeks of pregnancy and in the postpartum period is blunted. Plasma insulin responses after protein are blunted throughout pregnancy and again post partum. The addition of 100 Gm. of glucose to the protein meal produces a rise in plasma glucose concentration different from that observed after the ingestion of glucose or protein alone. HGH responses are small. Insignificant changes in human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) are found in late pregnancy after both stimuli. The pertinent findings of this study are discussed.
Mouse ornithine decarboxylase is stable in Trypanosoma brucei

The cDNA encoding mouse ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was incorporated into a transforming vector pTSA-NEO2 carrying a procyclic acidic repetitive protein promoter and a neomycin phosphotransferase gene. The plasmid thus constructed, pMOD300, was introduced into the procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei via electroporation, and the transformants, selected under G418, expressed an ODC activity 100 times above the background level. Contrary to the commonly observed short half-life of mouse ODC in mammalian cells, however, the mouse ODC activity expressed in T. brucei remained stable for at least 6 h when protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide. Pulse labelings and chase experiments with the irreversible ODC inhibitor [3,4-3H]difluoromethylornithine followed by gel electrophoresis, or with L-[35S] methionine followed by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis indicated that the stable mouse ODC expressed in T. brucei has the same subunit molecular weight as the native enzyme. By an in vitro assay of protein stability in rabbit reticulocyte lysates (Loetscher, P., Pratt, G., and Rechsteiner, M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11213-11220), the native mouse ODC and the enzyme expressed in T. brucei had the same degree of instability. Thus, the mouse ODC expressed in T. brucei is probably identical to the native mouse ODC. Its remarkable stability in T. brucei must be due to the absence in trypanosomes of the proteolytic machinery present in mammalian cells responsible for rapid degradation of mouse ODC.
Studies on the Chemistry of Hemoglobin II. THE EFFECT OF SALTS ON THE DISSOCIATION OF HEMOGLOBIN INTO SUBUNITS

Abstract The ability of several salt solutions to dissociate the tetrameric form of the hemoglobin molecule into dimers has been studied by measuring the osmotic pressure of solutions of hemoglobin. Under most circumstances, the dissociation reactions had the normal dependence on concentration of hemoglobin, and thus values of the dissociation constants could be estimated. In all the solvents studied here, the sequence of decreasing stability of the tetramer was deoxyhemoglobin g CO hemoglobin g oxyhemoglobin ≅ cyanmethemoglobin. This result was interpreted as providing further evidence for differences in conformation, not only between the liganded hemoglobins and deoxyhemoglobin, but also among the various liganded hemoglobins. Similar studies done with iodoacetamide-treated and N-ethylmaleimide-treated hemoglobins indicated that the latter derivative differs in conformation from normal hemoglobin whereas the former does not, by these criteria. Finally, the ability of the various salts to promote dissociation did not depend only on their contribution to the ionic strength of the solvent but also, and in some cases in large part, depended on specific interactions between the salt ions and the protein molecules. The order of effectiveness of the salts in dissociating the hemoglobin tetramers was NaI g guanidinium chloride g NaClO4 g MgCl2 g NaCl ≅ CH3COONa.
A neural network model of decisions on the Asian Disease Problem

Tversky and Kahneman [1] found that human decisions can be inconsistent across descriptions of the options. An example is the Asian Disease Problem, whereby preferences between two public health programs are different when options are framed in terms of deaths versus lives saved. Several variants of the Asian Disease paradigm and an analogous problem were run [2, 3]: the results showed that the strength of the framing effect depended on whether one of options explicitly contained the possibility of no lives lost or saved. This result was explained by fuzzy trace theory whereby decisions are based not on details of the options but on their gist (underlying meaning). We simulate these results using a neural network model that blends fuzzy trace theory with adaptive resonance theory and contains analogs of orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior cingulate, and striatum.
Spintronics for associative computation and hardware security

Spintronic is one of the promising post-CMOS technology for energy and area efficient logic and memory design. In this paper we present two promising applications of spintronics namely associative computation and hardware security. We also discuss security vulnerabilities of spintronics and possible solutions.
The impact of precise robotic lesion length measurement on stent length selection: Ramifications for stent savings

Abstract Background/purpose Coronary stent deployment outcomes can be negatively impacted by inaccurate lesion measurement and inappropriate stent length selection (SLS). We compared visual estimate of these parameters to those provided by the CorPath 200® Robotic PCI System. Methods Sixty consecutive patients who underwent coronary stent placement utilizing the CorPath System were evaluated. The treating physician assessed orthogonal images and provided visual estimates of lesion length and SLS. The robotic system was then used for the same measures. SLS was considered to be accurate when visual estimate and robotic measures were in agreement. Visual estimate SLSs were considered to be “short” or “long” if they were below or above the robotic-selected stents, respectively. Results Only 35% (21/60) of visually estimated lesions resulted in accurate SLS, whereas 33% (20/60) and 32% (19/60) of the visually estimated SLSs were long and short, respectively. In 5 cases (8.3%), 1 less stent was placed based on the robotic lesion measurement being shorter than the visual estimate. Conclusions Visual estimate assessment of lesion length and SLS is highly variable with 65% of the cases being inaccurately measured when compared to objective measures obtained from the robotic system. The 32% of the cases where lesions were visually estimated to be short represents cases that often require the use of extra stents after the full lesion is not covered by 1 stent [longitudinal geographic miss (LGM)]. Further, these data showed that the use of the robotic system prevented the use of extra stents in 8.3% of the cases. Measurement of lesions with robotic PCI may reduce measurement errors, need for extra stents, and LGM.
Modeling short optical pulse generation using electroabsorption modulators

Model short optical pulse generation in sinusoidally-driven lumped-electrode electroabsorption modulators, describes pulse width scaling with device and applied modulation parameters, and defines a new device figure of merit.
From Folklore to World Music / Od folkloru k world music

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2003 Pages: 93 Publisher: Městske kulturni středisko ISBN: 80-903416-0-8 (soft cover).
Size dependent ion-exchange of large mixed-metal complexes into Nafion® membranes

Perfluorosulfonate ionomers have been shown to demonstrate a profound affinity for large cationic complexes, and the exchange of these ions may be used to provide insight regarding Nafion® morphology by contrasting molecular size with existing morphological models. The trimetallic complex, [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhBr2]5+, is readily absorbed by ion-exchange into Na+-form Nafion® membranes under ambient conditions. The dimensions of three different isomers of the trimetallic complex were found to be: 23.6 A × 13.3 A × 10.8 A, 18.9 A × 18.0 A × 13.7 A, and 23.1 A × 12.0 A × 11.4 A, yielding an average molecular volume of 1.2 × 103 A3. At equilibrium, the partition coefficient for the ion-exchange of the trimetallic complex into Nafion® from a DMF solution was found to be 5.7 × 103. Furthermore, the total cationic charge of the exchanged trimetallic complexes was found to counterbalance 86 ± 2% of the anionic SO3− sites in Nafion®. The characteristic dimensions of morphological models for the ionic domains in Nafion® were found to be comparable to the molecular dimensions of the large mixed-metal complexes. Surprisingly, SAXS analysis indicated that the complexes absorbed into the ionic domains of Nafion® without significantly changing the ionomer morphology. Given the profound affinity for absorption of these large cationic molecules, a more open-channel model for the morphology of perfluorosulfonate ionomers is more reasonable, in agreement with recent experimental findings. In contrast to smaller monometallic complexes, the time dependent uptake of the large trimetallic cations was found to be biexponential. This behavior is attributed to a fast initial ion-exchange process on the surface of the membrane, accompanied by a slower transport-limited ion-exchange for exchange sites that are buried further in the ionomer matrix.
The case for onlays versus tooth-colored crowns

About 38 million indirect fixed restorations were placed in the United States in 2011, according to estimates from the National Association of Dental Laboratories (B. Napier, executive director, National Association of Dental Laboratories, Tallahassee, Fla., written communication, July 1, 2012). And about 5 percent of those indirect restorations were onlays and inlays, with the remainder being full crowns (T. Limoli, president, Limoli and Associates, Arlington, Tenn., written communication, July 1, 2012).
The impact of self‐presentational intimacy and attachment on depletion of the self's regulatory resources

The current work examined the self‐presentation–self‐regulation relationship utilizing a design in which participants disclosed self‐information during an actual interpersonal interaction. By comparison, prior work relied on assessing participants’ intention to disclose. Our findings showed that making self‐presentation disclosures during an interaction depleted participants’ self‐regulatory resources as a function of attachment style and intimacy level of disclosures. We discuss how using an interpersonal paradigm clarifies a self‐presentation rather than decision‐making interpretation of earlier work's results, how deciding what to disclose (i.e., intent) and actually making disclosures can be considered distinctly different acts, and how reversing the variable relationship (i.e., opposite to prior work) has theoretical importance because it examines the inverse question that is implied, but not tested or demonstrated in earlier work.
Assessment of Feeding Skills in Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease

Abstract Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are at risk of nutritional compromise due to behavioral factors that interfere with regular eating patterns. Persons with AD may be unwilling or unable to eat independently, and may require assistance ranging from verbal supervision to total hand feeding to ensure adequate dietary intake. Assessment of feeding skills of AD patients can aid dietitians and other healthcare professionals in providing optimal nutrition care for these individuals. This research tested the reliability and validity of a feeding skills assessment tool developed by geriatric researchers for the purpose of detecting feeding difficulties and classifying patients based on feeding assistance needed (Volicer et al., 1989). An expert panel experienced in nutrition care for the elderly reviewed the tool for content validity. Three raters, a dietitian, a dietary manager, and a nurse/care plan coordinator, rated nine patients in a dedicated Alzheimer's unit of a long-term care facility at two mealtimes. Percentage of observer agreement ranged from 26% to 100% on the 24 items, with an overall agreement of 58%. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.12 to 1.00, with an overall rating of .57. This tool thus yielded moderately consistent ratings of patient feeding skills when different raters assessed those skills. Raters made recommendations for modifications to the tool that could improve its reliability, such as altering the rating scale and omitting items with poor reliability or limited applicability to patients in varying stages of disease progression. Routine assessment of feeding skills of Alzheimer's and other dementia patients with a valid and reliable assessment tool can aid healthcare personnel in identifying feeding difficulties and developing an appropriate care plan to optimize nutritional well-being.
Detection of Indentation Induced FE‐to‐AFE Phase Transformation in Lead Zirconate Titanate

Instrumented indentation was combined with microscopy and spectroscopy analysis to investigate the local mechanically induced ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric phase transformation of niobium-modified lead zirconate titanate 95/5. Indentation experiments to a depth of 2 μm were performed using a Berkovich pyramidal three-sided diamond tip. Subsequent Raman spectroscopy and piezoelectric force microscopy revealed that indentation locally induced the ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transformation. Piezoelectric force microscopy demonstrated the ability to map the individual phases within and near indented regions on the niobium-modified lead zirconate titanate ceramics.
The Influence of Severe Illness on Gonadotropin Secretion in the Postmenopausal Female

Severe weight loss in amenorrheic premenopausal women may significantly depress gonadotropin secretion. Gonadotropin levels were studied in 111 postmenopausal women to determine if weight loss and cachexia could similarly affect gonadotropin function. Thirty-three healthy ambulatory postmenopausal women and twenty-seven healthy hospitalized women admitted electively were foundto have a wide range of elevated values, whose mean did not differ significantly. Mean levels for both LH and FSH were significantly suppressed (P <.005) in severely ill postmenopausal women both with or without weight loss. Mean ±SEM ng/ml LER 907 Healthy ambulatory Hospitalized electively Severely ill 538 ±79 462 ±87 188 ±30 1,778 ±125 1,583 ±67 751 ±418 Severely ill with weight loss 180 ±9 746 ±52 Recovery from illness in six patients wasassociated with a rapid rise in FSH levels while LH remained depressed. Two severely ill patients studied over a 6 h period revealed constant depression of both gonadotropins without the character...
Biological control reduces growth, and alters water relations of the saltcedar tree ( Tamarix spp.) in western Nevada, USA

We monitored the impacts of a biological control agent, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata), on the saltcedar tree (Tamarix spp.) at two sites (Humboldt and Walker rivers) in Nevada, USA. At the Humboldt site trees that had experienced three to four defoliation events had more negative water potentials and lower foliar Δ13C than trees farther from the release site that had experienced only one defoliation event. We established paired trees (exposed to D. carinulata and sprayed with insecticide) at both sites and monitored impacts. Beetles reduced stem growth during the first year of defoliation at both sites but not in the second year at the Humboldt site. Defoliation did not affect midday water potentials, or leaf gas exchange during the first two years of defoliation of paired trees at either site. Furthermore there was no difference in foliar Δ13C in either year at the Humboldt site but defoliation during the first year lead to higher foliar Δ13C at the Walker site. These results suggest that initial defoliation by D. carinulata reduces growth but not water relations of saltcedar. However, repeated defoliation, potentially acting through reduced root growth, leads to an overall reduction in the water status of this invader.
Integrating a software engineering approach into an Ada closed laboratory

A manual for a closed laboratory incorporating software engineering concepts was developed and implemented for Ada'95 during the 1998-1999 academic year. The software engineering concepts were applied during the development and implementation. The purpose was to teach student programmers (and prospective software engineers) disciplined methods for developing software. The findings were: 1. the closed laboratory provided an ideal environment for students to explore, learn and implement software development methods as well as learn the Ada language. 2. The closed laboratory was a major contributor for students to understand the course contents and built a bridge between the class lectures and open lab projects. 3. The closed laboratory helped students to accomplish their open lab projects in a more efficient and professional way by following software development methods. A survey conducted at the end of the semester indicated the success of implementation of software development methods in the Ada closed laboratory. The responses showed that students enjoyed the closed laboratory and considered it an exciting and interesting learning experience.
Sense of Community Among Individuals in Substance Abuse Recovery.

This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Perceived Sense of Community Scale (PSCS). Psychological sense of community is a construct that has been developed primarily in the field of community psychology and deals with the feelings of connectedness, group membership, and need fulfillment that members of small groups or larger communities may have toward other members. The current research explores this concept in the evaluation of Oxford Houses, residential homes designed to provide mutual support to individuals recovering from substance abuse and dependence, through the use of the PSCS. Overall, the PSCS was a multidimensional scale exhibiting a cluster of negatively phrased items with a large number of highly loading items. Within the three-factor structure, two factors were nearly perfectly correlated, and neither sex nor race bias affected the initial formulation. However, sex and race were significant (but of small magnitude) covariates in a later sample, and highly reliable subscales we...
Experimental determination of the structure of catalytic micro-combustion flows over small-scale flat plates for methane and propane fuel

Abstract Surface oxidation on small-scale catalytic coupons of Pt foil was investigated experimentally for methane/air and propane/air mixtures of varying composition and flow speed. Infrared thermography was used for the measurement of temperature on the catalytic surface in tandem with gas-chromatography/mass spectroscopy measurements of major combustion products and combustion intermediates and particle image velocimetry of the flow field in the vicinity of the catalytic surface. It was shown that the surface reaction develops in three phases. In phase I, very close to the leading edge, a sharp temperature increase occurred on the catalytic surface with simultaneous fast depletion of the gaseous reactants and development of a strong transverse component of the velocity vector. This was followed by phase II in which surface temperature plateaued at a high value, and reactant concentrations remained low. In phase III the non-adiabatic reaction extinguished and, on occasion, reactant replenishment was observed from the free stream. It is suggested that the design of small-scale reactors should proceed by exploiting the intense reaction of phases I and II through boundary layer interruption and not allow the phenomenon to develop all the way into phase III thus achieving miniaturization of the required hardware.
Structural analysis of a highly acetylated protein using a curved‐field reflectron mass spectrometer

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used to determine the multiple acetylation sites in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT): p300-HAT. Partial cleavage of the peptides containing acetylated lysine residues by trypsin provided a set of nested sequences that enabled us to determine that multiple acetylation occurs on the same molecule. At the same time, cleavages resulting in a terminal unacetylated lysine suggested that not all of these sites are fully modified. Using MS and MS/MS, we were able to characterize both the unmodified and acetylated tryptic peptides covering more than 82% of the protein.
The closure of a similarity orbit is always arcwise connected

If T, A are Hilbert space operators such that A is the norm-limit of operators similar to T, then there exists a continuous function γ from [0,1] into the algebra of operators such that γ(t) is a limit of similarities of T for all t in the interval [0,1], γ(0)=T and γ(1)=A.
Mirror Images: Teacher Candidates' Perceptions of Disposition Development

The complexity of disposition development for teacher candidates continues to be discussed and debated in teacher education. This study compares two programs and the different ways each approaches the disposition development of their respective candidates. More than 200 candidates from two institutions were surveyed on how and where they perceived they were provided the opportunity to develop professional dispositions. Four case studies were also conducted to probe more deeply into candidates' perceptions. Findings reveal the two institutions provided mirror images of each other: candidates from one institution perceived opportunities for disposition development occurred mostly in the field, whereas candidates from the second institution perceived disposition development occurred mostly in coursework. Comparing programs reveals strengths and weaknesses that may not have been apparent through reflection on one's own program. Findings thus can be held up as a mirror for other programs to assess their own st...
Pastoralism and Pottery Use: An Ethnoarchaeological Study in Samburu, Kenya

In Samburu, Kenya, ethnoarchaeological research reveals a deep and perhaps unexpected integration of pottery use into a mobile lifestyle centered on the herding of livestock. This paper examines the importance of pottery to Samburu survival, particularly for the preparation of bone soups, wild plants, and other foods during times of drought and food insecurity. These data raise new questions about how pottery and other household material culture may have influenced the origins and development of African pastoralism.
Evaluation of Distracting Pain and Clinical Judgment in Cervical Spine Clearance of Trauma Patients

Background The concept of distracting pain (DP) is a controversial subjective confounder that often impedes the efficient and timely clearance of the cervical spine (C-spine). This study attempted to define DP more objectively and assess its true potential to mask the presence of C-spine injury. It also evaluated reliability and safety of clinical judgment in discounting the significance of pain peripheral to the neck (PP).
Adrenal dysfunction in glycerol kinase deficiency

Abstract The infantile form of glycerol kinase deficiency appears to be an X-linked disorder which is consistently characterized by developmental delay and adrenal cortical insufficiency and hypoplasia. We propose that the inherited deficiency of outer mitochondrial membrane-bound glycerol kinase restricts glycerophospholipid synthesis, and, hence, the activation of stereoidogenesis. This would limit the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the precursor for glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex. The deficiency in cortisol production, with a lack of feedback to the pituitary, would result in increased ACTH production and hypertrophy of the fascicular zone at the same time that replication of the cells within this zone would be inhibited. Similarly, the decreased mineralocorticoid production by the sparse glomerulososal zone would limit the ability of the individual to respond to stress, and would result in development of potentially fatal hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Organization of the pathway for glycerophospholipid synthesis at the outer mitochondrial membrane would make this pathway particularly vulnerable to mutations disrupting the compartmented production of the parent compound, glycerol 3-phosphate, by mitochondrial-bound glycerol kinase.
Neo-Destour Leadership and the “Confiscated Revolution”

When Philippe Herreman of Le Monde spoke of Tunisia's “confiscated revolution” in 1958,1 he was referring to the rivalry of President Bourguiba and the vigorous union leader Ahmed Ben Salah. Three years later their differences were overcome and Ben Salah emerged as Minister of Planning and Finance, one of the most powerful positions in the government. The social revolution envisaged by the highly privileged and colorful labor leader in 1956 had been confiscated in 1958 and became the cornerstone of Tunisian domestic policy in 1961. Such have been the gyrations of the one-party system in Tunisia and in other African states.
Popular participation and local government reform

Does decentralization, and particularly the creation of democratically elected local government, broaden mass political participation and make local government more effective and responsive? Evidence from two African Countries that have ‘democratized’ to varying degrees and through different approaches, this study makes two major points. First, although many of the hypotheses and initial findings of the Cornell Participation Project regarding the role of local organizations may still be valid, they remain largely untested in much of Africa because local government reform has been so limited and so recent. Second, in the limited number of cases where reform of local government has occurred in Africa, popular participation directed toward these governments can make them more responsive. This is only true, however, under particular circumstances, notably where projects with strong local and international non-governmental organizational support chose to link to local government as well as to exert influence over policy at other levels of the political system. The fear expressed by some ‘civil society’ actors that the focus on local government may be narrowing the opportunities of non-governmental associations to influence development policies is not confirmed in these cases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery from conditioned suppression to a partially overlapping compound stimulus

In a conditioned suppression paradigm, a partially overlapping compound stimulus signaled occurrences of electric shock. That compound CS consisted of 3 min of continuous illumination of the houselight with three discrete 5-see presentations of a tone superimposed. A .5-sec electric shock was coterminous with each tone presentation. Rats that received this treatment in early conditioning sessions showed considerable recovery from conditioned suppression to the houselight as the experiment progressed. However, the effect was not reversible, and it could not be demonstrated in rats that experienced extensive prior conditioning to the houselight alone. These results are discussed in relation to a hypothesis concerning the modulation of behavioral control exerted by elements of compound stimuli and as they relate to a recent theoretical model for Pavlovian fear conditioning.
A CASE STUDY OF PECULIAR SOFT-TISSUE AND BONY CHANGES IN ASSOCIATION WITH THYROID DISEASE

ABSTRACT A case of thyroid acropachy is described. The pertinent literature is reviewed and this case discussed in terms of the other reports. Thyroid acropachy refers to a peculiar periosteal proliferation of bone limited to the metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges, associated with terminal phalangeal clubbing. The patient first showed these bony changes following radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease at a time when she was considered euthyroid. In association with the bony changes there was swelling of the soft tissues overlying the involved phalanges and also unusually marked swelling of the orbital soft tissues. The pathology of the bony and soft-tissue lesions is described; it is not compatible with a diagnosis of either systemic or localized myxedema. The anterior pituitary gland and its secretory products probably play an important etiologic role in this condition.