cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of the Orientation of Fos-Jun Binding and the Transcriptional Cooperativity of Fos-Jun-NFAT1 Complexes

Heterodimeric transcription regulatory proteins can bind to palindromic recognition elements in two opposite orientations. We have developed a gel-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for quantifying heterodimer orientation preferences. Fos-Jun heterodimers bind in opposite orientations to AP-1 sites with different flanking sequences. The effects of individual amino acid and base pair substitutions on heterodimer binding orientation were quantified. Base pairs at positions ±6 and ±10 relative to the center of the AP-1 site were the principal determinants of Fos-Jun binding orientation. Amino acid residues of opposite charge adjacent to the basic regions of Fos and Jun had independent effects on heterodimer orientation. Exchange of these amino acid residues between the basic region-leucine zipper domains of Fos and Jun reversed the binding orientation. Heterodimers formed by full-length Fos and Jun exhibited the same changes in binding orientation in response to amino acid and base pair substitutions. The preferred orientation of heterodimer binding affected the stability of Fos-Jun-NFAT1 complexes at composite regulatory elements. Changes in heterodimer orientation preference altered the transcriptional activity and the promoter selectivity of Fos-Jun-NFAT1 complexes. Consequently, the orientation of Fos-Jun binding can influence transcriptional activity by altering cooperative interactions with other transcription regulatory proteins.
Feeding her children, but risking her health: the intersection of gender, household food insecurity and obesity.

Abstract This paper investigates one explanation for the consistent observation of a strong, negative correlation in the United States between income and obesity among women, but not men. We argue that a key factor is the gendered expectation that mothers are responsible for feeding their children. When income is limited and households face food shortages, we predict that an enactment of these gendered norms places mothers at greater risk for obesity relative to child-free women and all men. We adopt an indirect approach to study these complex dynamics using data on men and women of childrearing age and who are household heads or partners in the 1999–2003 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We find support for our prediction: Food insecure mothers are more likely than child-free men and women and food insecure fathers to be overweight or obese and to gain more weight over four years. The risks are greater for single mothers relative to mothers in married or cohabiting relationships. Supplemental models demonstrate that this pattern cannot be attributed to post-pregnancy biological changes that predispose mothers to weight gain or an evolutionary bias toward biological children. Further, results are unchanged with the inclusion of physical activity, smoking, drinking, receipt of food stamps, or Women, Infants and Children (WIC) nutritional program participation. Obesity, thus, offers a physical expression of the vulnerabilities that arise from the intersection of gendered childcare expectations and poverty.
A system for precise gradient-elution chromatography: Application to the chromatography of small amounts of phosphatides on columns of silicic acid

Abstract An apparatus for column chromatography, using precise and predetermined linear or non-linear eluant gradients and constant rates of flow is described. A mathematical treatment of gradient production by differential-flow techniques, permitting selection of a wide variety of gradients for chromatographic elution is given. Illustrative examples showing gradient-elution chromatography of phosphatides on silicic acid are presented.
Toward industrial-strength keyword search systems over relational data

Keyword search (KWS) over relational data, where the answers are multiple tuples connected via joins, has received significant attention in the past decade. Numerous solutions have been proposed and many prototypes have been developed. Building on this rapid progress and on growing user needs, recently several RDBMS and Web companies as well as academic research groups have started to examine how to build industrial-strength keywords search systems. This task clearly requires addressing many issues, including robustness, accuracy, reliability, and privacy, among others. A major emerging issue, however, appears to be performance related: current KWS systems have unpredictable run time. In particular, for certain queries it takes too long to produce answers, and for others the system may even fail to return (e.g., after exhausting memory). In this paper we begin by examining the above problem and arguing that it is a fundamental problem unlikely to be solved in the near future by software and hardware advances. Next, we argue that in an industrial-strength setting, to ensure real-time interaction and facilitate user adoption, KWS systems should produce answers under an absolute time limit and then provide users with a description of what could be done next, should he or she choose to continue. Next, we show how to realize these requirements for DISCOVER, an exemplar of a recent KWS solution approach. Our basic idea is to produce answers as in today's KWS systems up to the time limit, then show users these answers as well as query forms that characterize the unexplored portion of the answer space. Finally, we present some preliminary experiments over real-world data to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution approach.
An Unexpected Alliance: Stella Atwood, the California Clubwomen, John Collier, and the Indians of the Southwest, 1917––1934

During the 1920s and 1930s, women's clubs in California and throughout the nation took up the cause of Indian reform. These clubwomen brought national attention to the conditions and repressive policies under which Indian peoples across the country lived. In alliance with John Collier and Pueblo Indians, California clubwomen waged effective political campaigns, agitating for Indian religious freedom, the protection of tribal lands, and Native self-determination. Commissioner of Indian Affairs under Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Collier has long been considered the major architect of reformist policies with regard to Indians, yet the clubwomen were the primary individuals motivating him to take up Indian reform. The unexpected alliance forged between John Collier, the clubwomen, and Native Americans was the effective force that brought Indian reform to the nation.
Nanometallic concentration for enhanced photodetection

Concentrating light into deeply subwavelength photodetectors offers higher speed and lower capacitance, both important for applications such as optical interconnects. Nanometallic and plasmonic antennas and waveguides offer many attractive opportunities for such concentration.
A comparative analysis of methods for air-launching vehicles from earth to sub-orbit or orbit

AbstractA variety of air-launched sub-orbital and orbital vehicles are demonstrated and others have been proposed recently by different organizations. The purpose of this article is three-fold: (a) to identify benefits of air-launching vehicles for space missions; (b) to categorize airlaunched vehicles with respect to how they are integrated to their carrier vehicle; (c) to identify benefits and shortcomings of these methods. Our analysis study shows that air-launching provides mobility and deployment advantages over surface launching. It can also provide performance advantages over surface launching. However, many air-launch concepts proposed require advance technologies that are currently not available.
Chromium determination in NIST standard urine by resonance ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract The technique of resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) has been applied to elemental chromium determination in standard (NIST) human urine samples. RIMS combines multistep photoionization with mass spectral sorting and detection of the resultant ions to provide high sensitivity and selectivity. The Cr concentration in a NIST standard urine sample has been determined using RIMS/isotope dilution techniques to be 0.093 ± 0.008 μg ml in good agreement with the 0.085 ± 0.006 μg/ml certified value. The results indicate the utility and selectivity of RIMS in isotope dilution analysis of biological samples of complex matrix and history.
Child Protective Services and the Achievement Gap

Abstract This study compared the academic performance of youth at varying levels of child protection system (CPS) involvement to understand whether a CPS achievement gap existed, and if so, whether more extensive involvement in CPS was associated with poorer academic performance. Standardized test scores of math and reading were compared for youth in the general population (who had no CPS involvement; n = 410,491), youth with CPS involvement but no out-of-home placement (n = 6,875), and youth with CPS involvement that led to an out-of-home placement (n = 2,122). Significant evidence of an achievement gap for youth involved in CPS existed, even after controlling for socioeconomic status and race. More extensive CPS involvement appeared to be associated with significantly poorer performance but this difference disappeared when controlling for socioeconomic status and race. Findings suggest a need for policies that support collaboration, training and information sharing between CPS and school systems as well as specific CPS assessment and intervention strategies. The troubling consequences of the achievement gap provides a dire warning to the people and institutions charged with the care and education of youth in CPS. The CPS achievement gap identified in this study is an additional barrier that these vulnerable youth must overcome as they transition to adulthood.
Thermostable glass open tubular capillary columns with a polar liquid phase for gas chromatography

Abstract A two-stage process involving a thermo-evaporative technique was employed to coat glass capillary columns with polar phases. Silanox 101 and a small amount of liquid phase were introduced in the first stage; additional phase was introduced in the second stage. The theoretical plate efficiency for 5α-cholestane at 250° for a 32 m × 0.25 mm glass column coated with liquid phase PZ-176 was 1800/m. Column properties remained constant when these columns were used between 180° and 320° for the analysis of biologic samples. No indication of deterioration was observed after months of use. Columns made with phase PZ-176 are useful for the separation of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters, polychlorobiphenyls and α-tocopherol as the trimethylsilyl derivative.
Persistent elevation in serum parathyroid hormone levels in normocalcemic patients after parathyroidectomy: does it matter?

Background The clinical importance of elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with normocalcemia after curative parathyroidectomy (PTX) for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is unclear. This study sought to determine whether these patients, when compared with those with normal PTH levels, differ in preoperative and pathologic factors and are at increased risk of recurrent pHPT. Methods A chart review was performed of sporadic pHPT patients who underwent PTX between December 1999 and July 2011. Results Of 1,037 patients who underwent PTX, 310 had 6-month serum calcium, vitamin D, and PTH levels evaluated. PTX was curative (normocalcemia at ≥6 months) in 97%. At 6 months, 62 (21%) had elevated serum PTH levels. Compared with patients with normal postoperative PTH levels, patients with elevated PTH levels had greater BMI (P Conclusion Patients with elevated PTH levels after curative PTX do not have greater rates of recurrence than patients with normal PTH levels. The greater PTH levels and lesser vitamin D levels support postoperative vitamin D supplementation in these patients.
Comparison and evaluation of different DC/DC topologies for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle chargers

The battery charging system is a critical part of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The efficiency, charging speed, and cost of such chargers are crucial to the commercialisation of PHEVs. In this paper, the advantages and drawbacks of four potential PHEV charger topologies were compared based on their operations through simulation and experiments. Their electrical stress, efficiency, cost, and the feasibility were discussed in detail. It was concluded that a full-bridge based PHEV charger is the most favourable choice among the four available topologies due to its power capability, soft switching capability, low electric stress, high efficiency, but slightly elevated cost.
Encephalitogenic T cells that stably express both T-bet and RORγt consistently produce IFNγ but have a spectrum of IL-17 profiles

Th1/Th17 cells, secreting both IFNγ and IL-17, are often associated with inflammatory pathology. We cloned and studied the cytokine phenotypes of MBP-specific, TCR-identical encephalitogenic CD4+ cells in relationship to Th1- and Th17-associated transcription factors T-bet and RORγt. IFNγ-producing cells could be sub-divided into those that are T-bet+/RORγt− and those that are T-bet+/RORγt+. The latter comprises a spectrum of phenotypes, as defined by IL-17 production, and can be induced to up-regulate IL-23R with IL-12 or IL-23. The former, bona fide Th1 cells, lack IL-23R expression under all conditions. In vivo, T-bet+/RORγt− and T-bet+/RORγt+ clones induce EAE equally well.
Developing the criteria to evaluate previous work experience for credit

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME : To examine criteria used in a dietetic technology program to determine credit for previous work experience. In a region with limited health care resources, Purdue University Calumet is increasingly challenged to provide quality supervised practice experiences for dietetic technology students. Since many students who enroll in the program are currently working in health care or the related food service industry, the program wanted to give credit for previous work experiences. The difficulty, however, was determining how to effectively evaluate these experiences in relationship to dietetic performance requirements, clock hours and course credit. A policy to ensure that all students are treated equally, a criteria checklist, performance requirements and dietetic practice areas forms, with functions and frequency, were developed and will be shared. The use of this system has alleviated repetitious experiences for many students and increased availability of quality supervised practice experiences for all students enrolled in the program.
Transmission electron microscopy observations of the lamellar structure in the Arispe iron meteorite

The Arispe iron meteorite contains approximately 7 at.% Ni. The structure consists of coarse ferrite plate-like crystals with a Widmanstatten pattern. In between some of these plates is retained austenite, some of which has decomposed to a variety of structures (e.g., martensite, spheroidized structure, etc.). One of these structures is a lamellar arrangement of alternating plates of a low-Ni and a high-Ni phase. The structure has been identified using transmission electron microscopy. The low-Ni phase is ferrite and contains approximately 6 at.% Ni. The high-Ni phase contains approximately 48 at.% Ni and has the ordered NiFe (L1o) structure. The Fe–Ni phase diagram indicates that the lamellar structure formed by a monotectoid reaction of austenite decomposing to ferrite and disordered austenite containing approximately 48 at.% Ni. Upon further cooling, the austenite ordered to form NiFe.
Modifying School Attendance of Special Education High School Students

Abstract This study evaluated a program to modify the school attendance of special education (SE) high school students. Twenty 1st and 2nd-year SE high school students from a semirural area in the Southeast were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Treatment students received social and tangible rewards for good attendance, and their parents were notified whenever they were absent. All tangible rewards were donated by local businesses, and all procedures were implemented by university undergraduates working for course credit. Thus, treatment involved no cost to the high school. We predicted that treatment would lessen the degree to which students would show the decline in attendance that usually occurs over the course of the semester. As expected, students in the control group showed a significant linear decline in their attendance to SE and regular classes, p < .05. In contrast, students in the treatment group showed no significant decline in attendance over the course of the semester. The ...
Internet security: intrusion detection & prevention

Daily commerce on the Internet consists of billions of dollars worth of transactions. Unfortunately, the Internet has become the lurking grounds for electronic n'er-do-wells who are constantly jeopardizing the processes of business. Recent network events throughout the world have caused people to become more and more hesitant to transact business over broadly connected networked electronic media. Will this cause the Internet to be abandoned as a vehicle for transacting business? Without the ability to trust in the scrupulous behavior on both ends of a transaction, most prudent e-commerce operators and clients may decide to forgo the use of the Internet and revert back to old methods of doing business. To counter this trend, the issues of network security on the Internet must be constantly reviewed and appropriate countermeasures devised. At the same time, security measures must be appropriately devised so that they do not inhibit or in any way dissuade the intended e-commerce operation. As the use of wireless technology grows, the number of events and the far reaching effects of network security problems are likely to have an even larger impact on e-commerce. This session focuses on the types of security problems that can occur, the solutions for known problems, and strategies for circumventing these problems in the future. Attendees are challenged to interact with presenters to seek out strategies that apply to their own network environments. Discussions initiated in this venue promise to produce a continuing channel of communication between those who participate.
Improved photostability of disperse red 1 infused in a nanoporous silicate monolith

Organic electro-optic (EO) materials show great potential for use in communications devices [1]. Typical organic EO materials are thin films consisting of a nonlinear optical chromophore incorporated in a transparent host polymer, and are fabricated into devices using the methods of silicon photolithography. In addition to the complexity of typical photolithographic processes, the chromophores in guest-host polymeric systems are subject to photodegradation during processing and subsequent application.
Program for Administration and Interpretation of the Interpersonal Check List.

Presented is a FORTRAN program that administers, scores, and interprets the Interpersonal Check List. Included in the program are directions for administration, test items, scoring of the protocols according to a 16 octant profile, immediate printing of an individually-tailored interpretation of results, and a pictorial plot describing the characteristic interpersonal behavior in terms of two orthogonal axes: power (dominance versus submission) and affiliation (love versus hate).
K+ M-Current Regulates the Transition to Seizures in Immature and Adult Hippocampus

Summary Purpose: Loss-of-function mutations in Kv7.2 or Kv7.3 K+ channel subunits underlies the neonatal epilepsy benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC). These two subunits interact to form a functional K+ channel that underlies the M-current (IM), a voltage-dependent noninactivating K+ current. In BFNC, seizures begin shortly after birth, and spontaneously remit in the first few months of life. The nature of this window of vulnerability is unclear. We address this issue using a hippocampal slice model, to study the effects of IM blockade or augmentation on epileptiform activity. Methods: We used the Mg++-free seizure model in adult and immature (P8-P15) acute rat hippocampal slices. We recorded from both CA1 and CA3 regions using extracellular and intracellular methods. Results: When M-channels are blocked pharmacologically, the transition from interictal to ictal bursting becomes much more likely, especially in immature brain. We also show augmentation of IM is effective in stopping ictal events in immature brain, at the developmental age that approximates a human newborn in cortical development. IM appears to counter the sustained N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated depolarizations needed to trigger an ictal event. The increased likelihood of ictal bursting by IM blockade is not shared by other selective K+ channel blockers that increase hippocampal excitability. Conclusions: Voltage-dependent M-channels are activated duringinterictal bursts and contribute to burst termination. When these channels are compromised, interictal burstduration becomes sufficient to trigger the sustained depolarizations that underlie ictal bursts. This transition to ictal bursts upon IM blockade is especially likely to occur in immature hippocampus. This selective function of M-channels likely contributes to the transient window of vulnerability to seizures that occurs with BFNC.
The expression of Smads and transforming growth factor beta receptors in leiomyoma and myometrium and the effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue therapy

Gene microarray analysis indicated that several components of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-betaR) signaling pathway are differentially expressed in leiomyoma and myometrium. To validate the microarray results we evaluated the expression of Smads, intracellular proteins that transmit TGF-betaR signals, in leiomyoma and matched myometrium from untreated women, and women who received gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) therapy. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry indicate that leiomyoma and myometrium expresses receptor-activated Smad3, common Smad4 and inhibitory Smad7, with elevated expression of Smad3, Smad4 and phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3) as well as TGF-betaR type I and type II in leiomyoma compared to myometrium (P<0.05). GnRHa therapy resulted in lowering of TGF-betaRs as well as Smad4 and pSmad3, with concurrent increased in Smad7 expression in both leiomyoma and myometrium compared to untreated group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemically Smads and pSmad3 were localized in cytoplasmic/nuclear compartments of leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cells and connective tissue fibroblasts, with alteration in their intensity (HScores) in GnRHa-treated group. In conclusion, the results indicates that leiomyoma and myometrium express all the components of TGF-betaR and Smads, and GnRHa therapy results in alteration of their expression further supporting the importance of TGF-beta system as key regulator of leiomyoma growth.
Two antipodal vivaldi antennas and an antenna array for microwave early breast cancer detection

Two small antipodal Vivaldi antennas for ultrawide band early breast cancer detection are proposed. The antennas are designed to operate in the spectrum from 1 to 10 GHz, according to the requirements of wave penetration in the breast and imaging resolution. Simulated and measured reflection parameters of the proposed antennas are evaluated. Numerical results also show the proposed antennas have good near-field radiation performance. Finally, an antenna array consisting of eight antipodal Vivaldi antennas, appropriate to collect the tumor scattering signal in the breast is presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:670–674, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27384
Dynamic search on the GPU

Path finding is a fundamental, yet computationally expensive problem in robotics navigation. Often times, it is necessary to sacrifice optimality to find a feasible plan given a time constraint due to the search complexity. Dynamic environments may further invalidate current computed plans, requiring an efficient planning strategy that can repair existing solutions. This paper presents a massively parallelized wavefront-based approach to path planning, running on the GPU, that can efficiently repair plans to accommodate world changes and agent movement, without having to restart the wavefront propagation process. In addition, we introduce a termination condition which ensures the minimum number of GPU iterations while maintaining strict optimality constraints on search graphs with non-uniform costs.
Multimodal Biometric Fusion Using Data Quality Information

Prior studies of multimodal biometric fusion have shown that it can improve performance over use of a single unimodal biometric. The well-known multimodal methods do not consider the quality information of the data used when combining the results from different matchers. In addition to examining these well-known fusion methods, we introduce novel methods of fusion which combine face and fingerprint biometric results using fingerprint data quality information. We show that multimodal biometric fusion using data quality information outperforms standard multimodal results and unimodal systems.
Crizotinib (PF-2341066) induces apoptosis due to downregulation of pSTAT3 and BCL-2 family proteins in NPM-ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) is an aberrant fusion gene product with tyrosine kinase activity and is expressed in substantial subset of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). It has been shown that NPM-ALK binds to and activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Although NPM-ALK+ ALCL overall shows a better prognosis, there is a sub-group of patients who relapses and is resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic regimens. NPM-ALK is a potential target for small molecule kinase inhibitors. Crizotinib (PF-2341066) is a small, orally bioavailable molecule that inhibits growth of tumors with ALK activity as shown in a subgroup of non-small lung cancer patients with EML4-ALK expression. In this study, we have investigated the in vitro effects of Crizotinib in ALCL cell line with NPM-ALK fusion. Crizotinib induced marked downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation, which was associated with significant apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis induction was attributed to caspase-3 cleavage and marked downregulation of the Bcl-2 family of proteins including MCL-1. These findings implicate that Crizotinib has excellent potential to treat patients with NPM-ALK+ ALCL through induction of apoptotic cell death and downregulation of major oncogenic proteins in this aggressive lymphoma.
Impacts of ice storage on electrical energy consumptions in office buildings

Abstract Cooling demand constitutes a large portion of total electrical demand for office buildings during peak hours. Ice storage technology can help shift this peak cooling demand to off-peak periods. This research analyzes the chiller energy consumption of conventional non-storage and ice storage cooling systems for large and medium-sized office buildings in diverse climate zones. Demand Response Quick Assessment Tool (DRQAT) has been used to model and simulate large and medium-sized office buildings. The construction and weather files in DRQAT have been modified to incorporate construction standard and weather data for the cities representing the diverse climate zones. Results indicate that the chiller energy consumption for non-storage and ice storage systems depends highly on climatic conditions. Climate zones with hot summers as well as small day and night temperature variations show higher chiller energy consumptions. The marine climate zone has the lowest chiller energy consumption. The cold/humid climate zone has higher chiller energy consumption than the cold/dry and very cold climate zones. The cold/dry and very cold climate zones have comparable chiller energy consumption. Research findings as presented in this paper will help utilities and building owners to quantify the benefits of installing ice storage systems in office buildings located in different climatic conditions.
OPTICAL-MODEL ANALYSIS OF ALPHA-PARTICLE SCATTERING BY $sup 40$Ca FROM 12 TO 18 MeV.

Sixty-four point angular distributions for the elastic scattering of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles by $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ have been measured from 12 to 18 MeV in 100-keV intervals. The angular range is from 26.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 176.1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (c.m.). Optical-model fits to these data have been obtained, using a Woods-Saxon real potential and a surface imaginary potential with a form given by the derivative of a Woods-Saxon function. The real well-radius value of 5.2 F has been taken from previous analyses of electron scattering data. A consistent set of the other geometric parameters was chosen by fitting a representative set of five angular distributions covering the entire energy range. With the geometric parameters thus fixed, two-parameter fits to all of the data have been obtained in which the real and the imaginary potential strengths are varied. A fitting criterion which compensates for the large Rutherford contribution to the scattering at forward angles is introduced to improve the fits. Of the ten phase-equivalent potentials with real potential strengths less than 210 MeV, the three with average values of 25, 105, and 132 MeV are traced as functions of energy. A cluster-model calculation which places a bound $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle state at -5.23 MeV in $^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$ yields a potential-well depth of 136 MeV, in rather good agreement with the 132-MeV average value found in the scattering analysis.
On the Relation between Small-scale Intermittency and Shocks in Turbulent Flows

Abstract High Reynolds number turbulence is characterized by extreme fluctuations of velocity gradients which can interact with shock waves in compressible flows. While these processes are traditionally thought to happen at very disparate range of scales, both turbulence gradients as well as shock gradients become stronger as the Reynolds number increases. Our interest here is to in- vestigate their relation in the high-Reynolds number limit. Our conclusion is that for intermittent turbulence with inertial range scaling exponents which grow more slowly than linear at asymptotically high orders, small-scale intermittency produces gradients which are commensurate with shocks. This result is interpreted in the context of shock-turbulence interactions where intermittency appears to be responsible, in part, for the holes observed in shocks from simulations and experiments. This effect is aided by the correlation between strong gradients and flow retardation ahead of the shock which is observed from analysis of our direct numerical simulation database of incompressible and compressible turbulence.
Modular invariance in string field theory

Abstract The Feynman rules of gauge invariant open string field theory are shown to produce a triangulation of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces of arbitrary topology. If follows that the gauge invariant open string field theory is modular invariant.
Periodical Cicada: Sound Production and Hearing

The two main species intermingled in a brood of the 17-year cicada (Magicicada) have distinctive sound-making patterns and correspondingly different hearing abilities. Thus, they are acoustically isolated for mating purposes. Their simultaneous emergence and community "singing" has the important advantage of repelling predators.
Buckling and failure characteristics of compression-loaded stiffened composite panels with a hole

Abstract An experimental and analytical study was carried out to investigate the buckling and failure characteristics of stiffened compression-loaded panels with holes, and to assess the validity of analytical models used for the design of such panels. Graphite-epoxy panels with four equally spaced blade stiffeners were fabricated with a laminate stacking sequence optimally designed for stiffened panels without holes. Panels with different hole sizes and panels without holes were tested. Failure of all panels initiated at or near the stiffeners, in regions with severe local bending gradients. Finite element analysis using a quarter-panel model with boundary conditions to simulate the experiment was used to predict the prebuckling and buckling behavior. Analytical results correlate well with experimental results.
Petrology of the River Gem coal bed, Whitley County, Kentucky

Abstract The River Gem coal bed (Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation) in the Hollyhill 7 1 2 minute quadrangle, Whitley County, Kentucky, consists of a low- to moderate-sulfur lower bench; followed by a high-ash, high-sulfur bone; and capped by a high-ash, high-sulfur upper bench. Variations in the amount of total sulfur and pyritic sulfur as well as variations in the pyrite size and form point to the degree of syngenetic and epigenetic control on the pyrite emplacement. The pyrite types, particularly in the high-sulfur upper benches, are dominated by
Impact of a pharmacist-directed intervention in postmenopausal women after fracture.

Purpose The impact of decentralized clinical pharmacy services on the implementation of appropriate care in postmenopausal women with a recent history of a fracture was assessed. Methods Women 67 years of age or older with a documented fracture between January 1 and December 31, 2007, were identified in two geographic regions. At the intervention site, a decentralized clinical-pharmacy-based osteoporosis management service (CPOMS) intervened on postmenopausal women following fracture, while the comparison group utilized a centralized registered nurse to manage this population. In both groups, interventions included initiation of either osteoporosis medication or bone mineral density (BMD) screening. Results Of the 827 women in the CPOMS group, 65% (523) initiated a medication for osteoporosis or completed BMD screening within 6 months of the fracture, compared with 46% (139) of the 302 women in the comparison group ( p < 0.001; cumulative incidence ratio [CIR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–2.12). CPOMS patients were nearly twice as likely as comparison group patients to purchase osteoporotic medications (42% [347 of 827] versus 24% [73 of 302]; CIR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.50–2.40) and equally likely to undergo BMD testing (35% [289 of 827] versus 31% [94 of 302]; CIR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.91–1.39). Both interventions achieved results substantially higher than national averages. Of patients receiving a medication and continuous membership for 12 months, adherence was also significantly higher in the CPOMS group (46% [39 of 291] versus 28% [20 of 71], respectively; p = 0.007). Conclusion An integrated pharmacist-run osteoporosis management service demonstrated a substantial increase in the rate of osteoporosis drug initiation among post-menopausal women who experienced a fracture compared with a centrally located nurse-run service. BMD screening rates did not significantly differ between groups.
Integration in Finite Terms with Special Functions: the Error Function

A decision procedure for integrating a class of transcendental elementary functions in terms of elementary functions and error functions is described. The procedure consists of three mutually exclusive cases. In the first two cases a generalised procedure for completing squares is used to limit the error functions which can appear in the integral to a finite number. This reduces the problem to the solution of a differential equation and we use a result of Risch (1969) to solve it. The third case can be reduced to the determination of what we have termed E-decompositions. The result presented here is the key procedure to a more general algorithm which is described fully in Cherry (1983).
Biology and ecology of a mesquite twig girdler, Oncideres rhodosticta, in West Texas.

Oncideres rhodosticta Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) causes severe pruning of small branches of mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa Torr., in many areas of Texas. Adults emerge from galleries in girdled branches from late August through November. They feed on tender bark of mesquite around the buds, thorns, and small limbs. Eacli female girdles about one branch and deposits about 8 elliptically ovate eggs beneath the bark of the branch. Within 10–14 days, 98% of the eggs hatch and the larvae feed upon the sapwood, opening the oviposition scar to expel frass after about 3 months. Pupation occurs in late August and early September and is preceded by a prepupal stage. Each larva consumes about 1.44 cc of mesquite wood during its development. Parasites and predators kill 15–22% of the larvae while 34–55% die from undetermined causes. Larvae are attacked by parasites in the families Chalcedectidae, Pteromalidae, Eupelmidae, and Eurytomidae, as well as by predators in the family Cleridae. Twig girdler larvae may compete for space and food with other cerambycids and several species of bostrichids. About 31% of all girdled branches are broken off by wind storms and livestock before adults emerge, resulting in high mortality of the larvae from high temperatures in the branches near the soil surface.
Functioning ability in schizophrenic and "normal" subjects: short-term prediction for rehospitalization of schizophrenics.

Abstract The level of premorbid social functioning of schizophrenics has been a subject of continuous interest to psychiatry ever since Bleuler 3 and particularly Langfeldt 10 related it to the prognosis of the illness. In this respect various studies have reported a positive correlation between absence of schizoid personality and positive outcome of schizophrenia. 1,7,16,17,20 Concomitantly, premorbid social-adjustment scales predicting outcomes were developed, such as the Elgin Prognostic Scale, 22 Phillips Prognostic Rating Scale, 13 and Ullman-Giovannoni Scale. 19 Studies based on these scales found that patients' previous sexual and occupational adjustments related positively to outcome. 5 In a different approach, Katz predicted rehospitalization on the basis of several life-situation variables. 12 The disadvantage of most of these scales lies in their potentially distorted reliability produced by complete dependency on relevant social and sexual data available from case history, the possible bias introduced by raters, and their incongruency with patient self-report scales. 11,21 In addition, these scales attempt to tap primarily the reactive-process distinction, which does not necessarily reflect the true level of the patient's functioning within 1 year prior to his hospitalization. Moreover, no systematic attempts have been made to compare the schizophrenic's functioning with that of normals for a determined period prior to hospitalization. The aim of the present study is to (1) examine comprehensively the social and interpersonal adjustment of acute and chronic schizophrenics by comparing their levels of functioning with that of comparable “normals” and (2) evaluate the possible contribution of various areas of poor functioning to the rehospitalization of schizophrenics.
Modeling Commercial Turbofan Engine Icing Risk with Ice Crystal Ingestion

The occurrence of ice accretion within commercial high bypass aircraft turbine engines has been reported under certain atmospheric conditions. Engine anomalies have taken place at high altitudes that have been attributed to ice crystal ingestion, partially melting, and ice accretion on the compression system components. The result was degraded engine performance, and one or more of the following: loss of thrust control (roll back), compressor surge or stall, and flameout of the combustor. As ice crystals are ingested into the fan and low pressure compression system, the increase in air temperature causes a portion of the ice crystals to melt. It is hypothesized that this allows the ice-water mixture to cover the metal surfaces of the compressor stationary components which leads to ice accretion through evaporative cooling. Ice accretion causes a blockage which subsequently results in the deterioration in performance of the compressor and engine. The focus of this research is to apply an engine icing computational tool to simulate the flow through a turbofan engine and assess the risk of ice accretion. The tool is comprised of an engine system thermodynamic cycle code, a compressor flow analysis code, and an ice particle melt code that has the capability of determining the rate of sublimation, melting, and evaporation through the compressor flow path, without modeling the actual ice accretion. A commercial turbofan engine which has previously experienced icing events during operation in a high altitude ice crystal environment has been tested in the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) altitude test facility at NASA Glenn Research Center. The PSL has the capability to produce a continuous ice cloud which are ingested by the engine during operation over a range of altitude conditions. The PSL test results confirmed that there was ice accretion in the engine due to ice crystal ingestion, at the same simulated altitude operating conditions as experienced previously in flight. The computational tool was utilized to help guide a portion of the PSL testing, and was used to predict ice accretion could also occur at significantly lower altitudes. The predictions were qualitatively verified by subsequent testing of the engine in the PSL. The PSL test has helped to calibrate the engine icing computational tool to assess the risk of ice accretion. The results from the computer simulation identified prevalent trends in wet bulb temperature, ice particle melt ratio, and engine inlet temperature as a function of altitude for predicting engine icing risk due to ice crystal ingestion.
Positive Consequences of Sibling Conflict in Childhood and Adulthood

The present article was an attempt to integrate the two disparate literatures on sibling conflict in childhood and adulthood with a particular emphasis on the potential benefits of conflictual sibling relations for adult well-being and competence. The extant literature on children's sibling conflicts underscores that conflictual exchanges may actually be related to increases in children's social and emotional competence, the development of self and identity formation, sibling relationship quality, and the subsequent parenting of one's own children. We presented descriptive data bearing on similar categorical benefits from our interviews with middle-aged and older adults with respect to sibling conflict in childhood and adulthood. Based on these findings, we recommend that future research on adult social relations should seriously consider the many ways in which challenge, conflict, and adversity in social relationships may contribute to developmental outcomes, both "good" and "bad."
Storage-based intrusion detection: watching storage activity for suspicious behavior

Storage-based intrusion detection allows storage systems to watch for data modifications characteristic of system intrusions. This enables storage systems to spot several common intruder actions, such as adding backdoors, inserting Trojan horses, and tampering with audit logs. Further, an intrusion detection system (IDS) embedded in a storage device continues to operate even after client systems are compromised. This paper describes a number of specific warning signs visible at the storage interface. Examination of 18 real intrusion tools reveals that most (15) can be detected based on their changes to stored files. We describe and evaluate a prototype storage IDS, embedded in an NFS server, to demonstrate both feasibility and efficiency of storage-based intrusion detection. In particular, both the performance overhead and memory required (152KB for 4730 rules) are minimal.
A PHYSICAL THEORY OF ACID ANION DISPLACEMENT AND RECOVERY FOLLOWING EXERCISE

A simple theoretical model has been presented whose behavior duplicates the variation in bicarbonate ion concentration in the blood following exercise. Methods for the evaluation of the constants of rational equations to describe the concentration in muscle cells, in blood plasma, and in removal cells, of the anions produced in exercise have been devised. These methods have been applied to experimental data from 23 experiments, and a close agreement between the observed and theoretically predicted values for blood plasma has been found. From the mathematical analysis of the data values for permeability of acid anions produced in exercise have been estimated as 75 x 10–5 and 5.9 x 10–5 cm. per sec. between muscle cell and blood (extracellular fluid) and between blood plasma and removal cells respectively.
Studies of the Interaction between Aspartame and Flavor Vanillin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The reaction between aspartame (APM) and vanillin was dependent on the molar ratio of reactants, temperature, water activity (aw) and the presence of citric acid. The extent of the aldehyde-amine condensation reaction in the APM/vanillin (molar ratio 1:1) model system at 3.3°C, 25°C and 37.8°C and aw of 0, 0.07, 0.18.032, 0.64, and 1.0 was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method could detect APM and vanillin simultaneously at ppm. Benzyl alcohol was used as the internal standard. This sensitive method measured the change at the picomole level. Schiff base formation followed second order kinetics for each temperature. The activation energy was 11.67 Kcal/mole for the APM/vanillin (1:1) system.
“Family Values” and Political Persuasion: Impact of Kin‐Related Rhetoric on Reactions to Political Campaigns1

Within the framework of dual-process models of persuasion, it was hypothesized that including references to kin in a persuasive speech might either (a) promote greater scrutiny of the message by making it seem more value-relevant, or (b) serve as a simple peripheral cue of value congruence. Republicans, Democrats, and Independents read a political speech that varied by argument quality (strong/weak), kin terms (absent/present), and the speaker's party affiliation. Results indicated that Democrats scrutinized the message more when kin terms were used, whereas such terms appeared to discourage message elaboration on the part of Republican participants, but only when used by an in-group member. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the efficacy of political rhetoric using kin terms.
Dental Caries and Staining after Twenty-eight Months of Rinsing with Stannous Fluoride or Sodium Fluoride

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of daily mouthrinsing with aqueous solutions of 0.05% NaF or 0.1% SnF2 on dental caries and tooth staining. The study population consisted of 437 children, aged from 12 to 15 years at baseline, residing in a non-fluoridated community. By stratified random sampling, the subjects were divided into two groups, one group rinsing daily under supervision for 28 months with the NaF solution and the other with the SnF2 solution. The SnF2 group exhibited four to five times as much extrinsic stain as did the NaF group, although the stains were quite mild and not explicitly distinguishable between groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of total DMFS. However, the increment of pit and fissure caries was 0.9 surfaces fewer for the SnF2 group (p = 0.04), while the increment of smooth surface caries was 0.6 surfaces fewer for the NaF group (p = 0.04). These data suggest that there may be a difference in mechanism of act...