cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"I want you to save my kid!": Illness management strategies, access, and inequality at an elite university research hospital.

Using data drawn from interviews and observations with 18 families whose children were diagnosed with life-threatening, often rare diseases, I examine how families accessed and negotiated medical care at a top 10–ranked university research hospital. Access to highly specialized and technologically advanced care was essential in these critical cases. Combining analysis of these high-stakes cases with recent work highlighting the interactional dynamics of care delivery, I show how families followed different paths to elite care and used different illness management strategies throughout the treatment process depending on their ability to mobilize what Janet Shim terms cultural health capital. These diverging illness management strategies reproduced inequality even at the top of the U.S. healthcare system by allowing some families to secure microadvantages throughout the illness experience. These findings suggest a complex interplay between structures of care delivery and families’ illness management strateg...
SDP Integrality Gaps with Local ell_1-Embeddability

We construct integrality gap instances for SDP relaxation of the Maximum Cut and the Sparsest Cut problems. It is well-known that if the triangle inequality constraints were added to the SDP, then the SDP vectors naturally define an n-point negative type (or ell_2^2) metric where n is the number of vertices in the problem instance. Our gap-instances have the property that every sub-metric on t = O((log log log n)^{1/6}) points is isometrically embeddable into ell_1. The local ell_1-embeddability constraints are implied when the basic SDP relaxation is augmented with t rounds of the Sherali-Adams LP-relaxation. For the Maximum Cut problem, we obtain an optimal gap of alpha_{GW}^{-1} - eps, where alpha_{GW} is the Goemans-Williamson constant and eps ≫ 0 is an arbitrarily small constant. For the Sparsest Cut problem, we obtain a gap of Omega((log log log n)^{1/13}). The latter result can be rephrased as a construction of an n-point negative type metric such that every t-point sub-metric is isometrically ell_1-embeddable, but embedding the whole metric into ell_1 incurs distortion Omega((log log log n)^{1/13}).
Manipulating Parameters of Reinforcement to Reduce Problem Behavior without Extinction

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) most often includes extinction as a treatment component. However, extinction is not always feasible and it can be counter-therapeutic if implemented without optimal treatment integrity. Researchers have successfully implemented DRA without extinction by manipulating various parameters of reinforcement such that alternative behavior is favored. We extended previous research by assessing three participants' sensitivities to quality, magnitude, and immediacy using arbitrary responses and reinforcers that maintain problem behavior. The results were used to implement an intervention for problem behavior using DRA without extinction. Our findings indicate that arbitrary responses can be used to identify individual and relative sensitivity to parameters of reinforcement for reinforcers that maintain problem behavior. Treatment was effective for all participants when we manipulated parameters of reinforcement to which they were most sensitive, and, for two participants, the treatment was less effective when we manipulated parameters to which they were least sensitive.
Unpacking the 'information barrier': Comparing perspectives on information as a barrier to climate change adaptation in the interior mountain West

Inadequate information has been repeatedly identified as a barrier to climate change adaptation planning and implementation. However less is known about how information functions as a barrier, and to what degree it prevents adaptation compared to other perceived barriers. In addition, the role of institutional context in mediating the demand for information in the context of adaptation has been less well studied. This paper helps to clarify the role that information plays in adaptation planning for two sectors of public employees working at similar scales, in similar locations, with similar challenges. We conducted surveys and semi-structured interviews to investigate the demand for information in support of adaptation implementation and planning from US federal public lands managers and municipal officials in the US interior West. We found that federal managers and municipal officials both consulted information frequently for decision making, and while both groups indicated that lack of information at relevant scales was a barrier to adaptation planning, this was seen as a much stronger barrier for federal managers than for communities. Uncertainty of information was raised as an issue, but results were mixed on whether or not this acted as a strong barrier. While peer-reviewed publications were seen as the "best available science," and correlated with adaptation planning, they were not accessed directly as frequently as other sources of information, including colleagues, the internet and reports. The strong connection between communities and adjacent federal lands may provide an opportunity for networking that could facilitate the flow of information relevant for adaptation.
Micronutrient status and neurodevelopment in internationally adopted children.

Aim To assess the status of nutrients relevant for brain development in internationally adoptees from disparate global regions and determine whether identified deficiencies are associated with neurodevelopment. Methods Participants included children adopted from Post-Soviet States (n = 15), Ethiopia (n = 26) or China (n = 17), ages 8–18 months. A comprehensive nutritional battery and a neurodevelopmental assessment were completed at baseline (within one month of arrival) and follow-up (six months later). Results At baseline, 35% were stunted, and 68% had at least one abnormal nutritional biochemical marker. The most common were low retinol-binding protein (33%), zinc deficiency (29%), vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (21%), and iron deficiency (15%). There was significant catch-up growth in height and weight at follow-up, but little improvement in micronutrient deficiencies. Iron deficiency was associated with lower cognitive scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III, p = 0.027, and slower speed of processing, p = 0.012. Zinc deficiency was associated with compromised memory functioning, p = 0.001. Conclusion Nutrient deficiencies were common during the early adoption period in internationally adoptees from three global regions, and iron and zinc deficiencies were associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Results emphasise the importance of monitoring micronutrient status at arrival and during the early adoption period, irrespective of country of origin.
Live Cell Imaging of a Fluorescent Gentamicin Conjugate

Understanding cellular mechanisms of ototoxic and nephrotoxic drug uptake, intracellular distribution, and molecular trafficking across cellular barrier systems aids the study of potential uptake blockers that preserve sensory and renal function during critical life-saving therapy. Herein we report the design, synthesis characterization and evaluation of a fluorescent conjugate of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin. Live cell imaging results show the potential utility of this new material. Related gentamicin conjugates studied to date quench in live kindney cells, and have been largely restricted to use in fixed (delipidated) cells.
Implementation of smart phone video plethysmography and dependence on lighting parameters

The remote measurement of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) via a digital camera (video plethysmography) has emerged as an area of great interest for biomedical and health applications. While a few implementations of video plethysmography have been demonstrated on smart phones under controlled lighting conditions, it has been challenging to create a general scalable solution due to the large variability in smart phone hardware performance, software architecture, and the variable response to lighting parameters. In this context, we present a self-contained smart phone implementation of video plethysmography for Android OS, which employs both stochastic and deterministic algorithms, and we use this to study the effect of lighting parameters (illuminance, color spectrum) on the accuracy of the remote HR measurement. Using two different phone models, we present the median HR error for five different video plethysmography algorithms under three different types of lighting (natural sunlight, compact fluorescent, and halogen incandescent) and variations in brightness. For most algorithms, we found the optimum light brightness to be in the range 1000–4000 lux and the optimum lighting types to be compact fluorescent and natural light. Moderate errors were found for most algorithms with some devices under conditions of low-brightness ( 4000 lux). Our analysis also identified camera frame rate jitter as a major source of variability and error across different phone models, but this can be largely corrected through non-linear resampling. Based on testing with six human subjects, our real-time Android implementation successfully predicted the measured HR with a me
Decision Analysis Tool for Small Satellite Risk Management

Risk management plans improve the likelihood of mission success by identifying potential failures early and planning mitigation methods to circumvent any issues. However, in the aerospace industry to date, risk management plans have typically only been used for larger and more expensive satellites and have rarely been applied to lower-cost satellites such as CubeSats. Furthermore, existing risk management plans typically require experienced personnel and significant time to perform the analysis. The CubeSat Decision Advisor tool uses components of decision theory such as decision trees, multi-attribute utility theory, and utility elicitation methods to determine the expected utilities of proposed mitigation techniques to a mission risk. Based on the user’s value preference system, assessment of success probabilities, and resources required for a given mitigation technique, the tool suggests the course of action that will normatively yield the most value for the COST, people, and time resources required. T...
Effect of Threat of Shock for Being Disfluent on Fluency of Normal Speakers

Each of 20 adult nonstutterers read a 330-word passage six times with a one minute pause between readings. Between the third and fourth reading or the fifth and sixth reading (determined by a table of random numbers) Ss were informed that at the conclusion of the next reading an electric shock would be administered for each instance of disfluency detected by E during that reading. Ss did not become less fluent as a consequence of the experimental condition. Their mean disfluency frequency during the threat-of-shock reading was lower than during the preceding one. Thus, threat of shock for being disfluent may be a condition which differentiates stutterers from nonstutterers since stutterers have been reported to become less fluent under this condition.
Development of a constructed wetland water treatment system for selenium removal: use of mesocosms to evaluate design parameters.

The Salton Sea in California is an important habitat for fish and waterfowl. Its ecosystem is threatened due to diminishing water supplies and increasing salinity. An alternative source of water to support species conservation habitat may be obtained from local rivers (e.g., Alamo or New Rivers), provided that a wetland treatment system can be developed to remove selenium (Se), fertilizer nutrients, and other contaminants. Here, we used mesocosms to evaluate a number of potential design options (e.g., plant species selection, sediment composition and arrangement, forced aeration, organic amendments, etc.) to improve the efficiency of Se removal using treatment wetlands. Our results show that, of five different substrate arrangements tested for Se removal, the most efficient was obtained for cattails growing in a substrate of cattail litter overlying sand and peat moss sediment (water column Se was reduced from 15 μg Se/L to <0.1 μg Se/L in 72 h). The addition of organic amendments in the form of alfalfa h...
Searching Optimization in P2P Distributed System

Decentralized and unstructured peer-to-peer networks such as Gnutella are attractive for certain applications because they require no centralized directories and no precise control over network topology or data placement. However, the flooding query algorithm used in Gnutella does not scale; each individual query generates a large amount of traffic, hence large systems quickly become overwhelmed by the query. This paper proposes an alternative searching approach to optimize the existing searching methods used in the enhanced iPTF that includes Rendezvous election and peers distribution process, and overlay network construction in order to produce a robust P2P radios automated testing system including PCR two-ways radios especially MotoTRBO™ testing environment. Load balancing concept is the main consideration applied in this proposed system. All the processes mentioned for the proposed system above basically are to distribute the loads of a rendezvous peer to another newly elected rendezvous in order to form an overlay network and improving the searching performance.
Analysis of Certain Food Radioactivity Level in Ambient Area of 20 km Away from Nuclear Power Plant in Shenzhen Area from 1994 to 2004

Objective To provide the basic data of the average radioactivity level during constructing and running of the nuclear power plant, the radioactivity levels of crop, vegetable, fruit, meat, fishery product and milk were detected from 1994 to 2004 in Shenzhen.Method Five agricultural producible bases were chosen for periodic sample point in the ambient area of 20 km away from the nuclear power plant, and the ambient area of 30～40 km away from the nuclear power plant, as well as Shenzhen's suburbs were chosen as random sample control point, samples were taken for 1～2 times a year. The samples were detected according to standard methods of GB 14883.1—1994,GB/T 16145—1995 and GB 5750—1985. Results Total 568 samples were detected. Gross α activities of six kinds of foods fluctuated between 0.1 to 44.3 Bq/kg, and gross β activities of six kinds of foods fluctuated between 1.0 to 207.3 Bq/kg, and the activity levels of radioactive nucleotides were described as below: 90 Sr 3～250 m Bq/kg, 137 Cs 1～249 m Bq/kg, 226 Ra 7～347 m Bq/kg, 232 Th 20～478 m Bq/kg, 40 K 20～100 Bq/kg. Conclusion The results indicated that the radioactivity and radioactive nucleotide of periodic samples had no significant difference in the comparation with those of random control sample, and both were lower than the limiting value of annual intake of government standard.
Darwinian Political Economy

This work began back in the 1990s, when a seedy crime novel collided with a graduate seminar in evolutionary biology to generate an unusual set of research questions: Is racketeering an evolutionary stable strategy? Is the geographic inscription of protection rackets a phase of primary and secondary state formation? How do conflicts between rival racketeers shape longitudinal patterns of inequality, political stability, state formation and state failure?
Interleukin-15 promotes intestinal dysbiosis with butyrate deficiency associated with increased susceptibility to colitis

Dysbiosis resulting in gut-microbiome alterations with reduced butyrate production are thought to disrupt intestinal immune homeostasis and promote complex immune disorders. However, whether and how dysbiosis develops before the onset of overt pathology remains poorly defined. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is upregulated in distressed tissue and its overexpression is thought to predispose susceptible individuals to and have a role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the immunological roles of IL-15 have been largely studied, its potential impact on the microbiota remains unexplored. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA-based inventories of bacterial communities in mice overexpressing IL-15 in the intestinal epithelium (villin-IL-15 transgenic (v-IL-15tg) mice) shows distinct changes in the composition of the intestinal bacteria. Although some alterations are specific to individual intestinal compartments, others are found across the ileum, cecum and feces. In particular, IL-15 overexpression restructures the composition of the microbiota with a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria that is associated with a reduction in luminal butyrate levels across all intestinal compartments. Fecal microbiota transplant experiments of wild-type and v-IL-15tg microbiota into germ-free mice further indicate that diminishing butyrate concentration observed in the intestinal lumen of v-IL-15tg mice is the result of intrinsic alterations in the microbiota induced by IL-15. This reconfiguration of the microbiota is associated with increased susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Altogether, this study reveals that IL-15 impacts butyrate-producing bacteria and lowers butyrate levels in the absence of overt pathology, which represent events that precede and promote intestinal inflammatory diseases.
The Later Life and Legacy of Harold Hotelling

There are a few scholars who are claimed by multiple disciplines. Fisher and von Neumann were two striking examples. The same rare ability to span multiple disciplines was demonstrated by Harold Hotelling . He began as a theoretical mathematician who soon found application in economics and in statistics. His location theory and his theory of exhaustible resources are still taught in economics. And, he represented the establishment of statistics as a discipline that now stands on its own, but spawned from the unique combination of theoretical mathematics and practical research methodological studies.
Abstract P310: Predictors of Phase III Enrollment in Participants Completing Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation in a Large Urban Cardiac Rehabilitation Center

Background: Short duration of outpatient Phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program is not sufficient to sustain benefits of CR. Participation in long-term Phase III CR improves exercise capacity and lipoprotein profile. Hypothesis: We examined the factors predicting Phase III CR enrollment in those who have successfully completed Phase II CR in a large urban CR center. Methods: 4714 participants who completed structured 36-session Phase II CR program from the year 2000 to 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify demographic, socio-economic factors predicting Phase III CR enrollment. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to assess temporal trends in Phase III CR enrollment. Results: A total of 901, out of 4714 participants completing Phase II CR, enrolled into Phase III CR. Mean age was 65 years and 31% were females. Univariate predictors include age, race, education, occupation, income, return to work obligation, insurance status, weight loss, depression and anxiety, exercise duration, and metabolic equivalents (METs). On multivariable logistic regression, those with at least college education (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.5,95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2), depression (OR,1.5, 95% CI, 1.07-1.96), weight loss (OR, 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.05) and attending more Phase II sessions (OR,1.06, 95% CI, 1.02-1.10) were more likely to enroll whereas those living > 30 minutes from CR center (OR, 0.40, 95% CI, 0.20-0.75), with higher METs (OR,0.93, 95% CI, 0.87-0.99) and exercising longer (OR, 0.96, 95% CI, 0.93-0.99) were less likely to enroll. There is significantly increased temporal trend for Phase III CR enrollment (Z=11.34, P<0.0001). Conclusion: In participants completing Phase II CR, higher education, depression and weight loss predict increased Phase III CR enrollment whereas increased distance from CR center or better exercise capacity predict decreased Phase III CR enrollment. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Human immune responses against Shigella and enterotoxigenic E. coli : Current advances and the path forward

Robust and well-established immunological assays and firm immune correlates of protection that can predict disease outcome and/or vaccine efficacy are essential to adequately assess human immune responses to infection and vaccination. The availability of reagents and calibrated controls is also critically important to standardize assays and generate comparable results among different laboratories. The workshop "Human Immune Responses against Shigella and ETEC: Current Advances and the Path Forward" held during the VASE meeting provided an opportunity to disseminate and discuss recent advances in the field of Shigella and ETEC immunology, identify research needs, and propose collaborative activities to advance the field. Four presentations featured current knowledge on humoral and cellular immune responses to Shigella and ETEC during infection and vaccination. A discussion followed on immunological methods relevant for clinical studies, immune parameters associated with protection, harmonization of assays among laboratories, and availability of reagents and standards. Specific recommendations proposed to facilitate "the path forward" included supporting communication among scientists, harmonization of assays and sharing of protocols, the creation of a repository of reagents and calibrated controls and distribution of such material to the research community, and expansion of exploratory studies to better understand the interactions between these pathogens and the human immune system and the ensuing responses.
Concentration and chemical status of arsenic in the blood of pregnant hamsters during critical embryogenesis. 2. Acute exposure

We have determined the concentration and chemical composition of arsenic in the blood of pregnant hamsters between 0.2 and 6 hr after an intraperitoneal injection of a teratogenic dose of radiolabeled sodium arsenate on the morning of the eighth day of gestation. Arsenic was present in plasma and red cells 0.20 hr positinjection. The plasma arsenic concentration reached a maximum of 220 μmole/kg blood near 0.5 hr postinjection. Plasma arsenic existed entirely as low-molecular-weight species. Both arsenite and dimethylarsinate (DMA) were present in plasma 0.20 hr postinjection, indicating that arsenate reduction and methylation of arsenic are rapidly initiated. However, the arsenite contribution remained small while the DMA contribution increased with time. Red cell arsenic included macromolecular arsenic (AsP) as well as three low-molecular-weight forms. The contribution of DMA remained small, but arsenite and AsP contributions increased with time. These findings identify the maternal blood concentration and chemical status of arsenic following the administration of a teratogenic dose of arsenate during the period of organogenesis. They could prove useful for predicting the likelihood of a teratogenic outcome in other mammalian species.
Filioque, Theosis, and Ecclesia : Augustine in Dialogue with Modern Orthodox Theology

By bringing recent developments in Augustine scholarship into conversation with modern Orthodox criticisms of Augustine, this article challenges the polemical Orthodox claim that Augustinian pneumatology logically undermines the doctrine of theosis. Indeed, in Augustine's own case, I argue that just the opposite is true: Augustine's “filioquist” pneumatology is precisely what leads him, ahead of his contemporaries, to advance a robustly ecclesial and trinitarian account of deification. Augustine should therefore be seen not as an opponent but as a crucial conversation partner for Orthodox theology, addressing in advance many of the ecclesiological and trinitarian questions with which the latter has engaged in recent centuries.
The Math Gap in an Inclusive CS1 Course: (Abstract Only)

This poster investigated the data from the past year of CS1 and found overwhelming evidence that students who have taken calculus are significantly more likely to succeed and less likely to fail that those who do not. On a Fall 2016 CS1 final exam, students who had not earned credit for a first course in college-level calculus were 2.8 times more likely to fail it than those who had (p=
Encouraging Science Communication through Deliberative Pedagogy: A Study of a Gene Editing Deliberation in a Nonmajors Biology Course †

Deliberative pedagogy encourages productive science communication and learning through engagement and discussion of socio-scientific issues (SSI). This article examines a two-day deliberation module on gene editing that took place in an introductory nonmajors biology course, furthering research on integrating deliberative discussion into the biology classroom. The results demonstrate the benefits of a single, episodic deliberation in the classroom, which can positively encourage active discussion and critical awareness of connections between biology and real-world issues, thus contributing to the development of scientific citizenship. Additionally, the findings show that gene editing is an apt SSI topic for the deliberative process because it encourages productive communication practices of scientific citizenship, including discussion, perspective taking, questioning, and consideration of different types of evidence when coming to a decision.
The Bingham Canyon Pit

(1999). The Bingham Canyon Pit. Journal of Geoscience Education: Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 369-373.
Living and Working in the Year 2000

The key to realizing the human potential of mentally retarded persons appears to be the integration of their lives into the mainstream culture. In fact, the overriding measure of success in mental retardation policy may be the extent to which mentally retarded people can live independent, productive lives among so-called normal citizens, without suffering embarrassment, prejudice, or needless restrictions. If this is so, then it is important to develop some assumptions about the directions in which the mainstream society is moving and to formulate some images about how people might live and work in America in the year 2000. Such an analysis may help to illuminate the available degrees of freedom, contingencies, and alternatives.
Excitation intensity and thickness dependent emission mechanism from an ultrathin InAs layer in GaAs matrix

A set of samples containing a single ultrathin InAs layer with varying thickness from 0.5 to 1.4ML in a GaAs matrix have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001) substrates at low temperatures and investigated by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL). A linear change in emission energy with InAs thickness has been experimentally observed. The PL emission line shape from InAs/GaAs heterostructures has been investigated as a function of incident optical intensity. The interplay between uncorrelated electron-hole pairs, free excitons, and localized excitons, as a function of the excitation intensity, is found to play a significant role on the optical properties of the InAs layer and is described in detail.
Proximal Branches of the Anterior Cerebral Artery: Anatomic Study and Applications to Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery.

Background The endoscopic endonasal approach is a surgical alternative for midline anterior skull base tumors. A detailed understanding of the proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) branches' anatomy from an endonasal perspective is essential for avoiding vascular complications. Objective To evaluate, from an endonasal perspective, the anatomic variations of the ACA and its proximal branches, specifically the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH), and the fronto-orbital (FOA) and frontopolar (FPA) arteries. Methods We study the origin, course, branching pattern, diameter, and relationship between the proximal ACA branches and the optic apparatus and olfactory tract in 25 head specimens. Results The RAH was present in all hemispheres and originated within 3 ± 1.5 mm of the AcomA, with a 0.4 ± 0.1 mm diameter. Based on its relationship with the A1 segment, we observed three RAH courses: anterior (40%), superior (22%), and posterior (38%). The FOA was present in all cases, a mean of 6 ± 4 mm from the AcomA, with a 0.7 ± 0.4 mm diameter. The FOA arose mainly from the A2 (70%), with three courses in relation to the olfactory tract: crossing its proximal third (54%), crossing its middle third (31%), and running parallel to it along the gyrus rectus (15%). The FPA was present in 92% of the hemispheres, a mean of 10 ± 5 mm from the AcomA, always arising from the A2 and coursing anteriorly within the interhemispheric fissure towards the frontal pole. Conclusion The RAH, FOA, and FPA can be differentiated by origin, course, and destination using the A1 segment, olfactory tract, and interhemispheric fissure, respectively, as surgical landmarks.
Identifying the Molecular Mechanisms By Which Disruptor of Telomere Silencing 1-like (DOT1L), a Histone 3, Lysine 79 (H3K79) Methyltransferase, Regulates Mammalian Hematopoiesis

Abstract Disruptor of Telomere silencing 1-Like (DOT1L), is a histone 3, lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase that has been implicated in multiple processes, including activation of transcription, regulation of the cell cycle, leukemogenesis, and mouse embryonic development. In previous studies, we found that Dot1L deficiency results in an erythropoietic defect, leading to lethal anemia at around mid-gestation (Feng et al., 2010, Blood). The precise molecular mechanism(s) by which DOT1L regulates embryonic hematopoiesis has not yet been elucidated and is the overall objective of this study. DOT1L is a large protein (1540aa), and it is involved in several, diverse processes. However, its only documented activity has been as an intrinsic, histone methyltransferase. Additional functional domains of the protein might be responsible for its diverse activities, including murine hematopoiesis. We sought to determine whether the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L is essential for hematopoiesis. To test this hypothesis, we developed a Dot1L methyltransferase mutant (Dot1L MM) mouse line. Using the Cas9/CRISPR system, we created a Dot1L point mutation in cultured murine embryonic stem cells (mESC). These mESCs contained a wildtype allele, and the second had a single amino acid change in the methyltransferase domain of Dot1L, thereby eliminating its methyltransferase activity, but preserving the rest of the protein. We injected these mutant mESCs into blastocysts to produce chimeric mice. The chimeras containing the methyltransferase mutation were back crossed onto the C57/BL6 background, producing male and female offspring heterozygous for the mutation. Through intercrosses of the F1 generation, we found that the Dot1L MM mice displayed an embryonic lethality between embryonic days 10.5 and 13.5, similar to the Dot1L knockout mice, as reported in our previous studies. We additionally performed ex vivo blood differentiation assays and extensively self-renewing erythroblast (ESRE) cultures using E10.5 yolk sacs from Dot1L MM and knockout mice. Our data showed that the Dot1L MM and knockout yolk sacs display similar phenotypes. In blood differentiation cultures, Dot1L knockout and MM yolk sac cells form the same types of hematopoietic colonies as in wildtype (both erythroid and myeloid), but there is a decrease in colony size and number compared to the wildtype. In the ESRE cultures, Dot1L knockout and MM yolk sac cells form significantly fewer ESREs and have increased cell death compared to wildtype. Strikingly, the cells in these cultures also exhibit a profound genomic instability, implicating DOT1L methyltransferase activity in maintenance of the genome as well as the viability of hematopoietic progenitors. These results suggest that the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L plays a predominant role in the activity of the protein as a whole, and is responsible for its function in facilitating early murine hematopoiesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Evolution Strategies Converges to Finite Differences.

Since the debut of Evolution Strategies (ES) as a tool for Reinforcement Learning by Salimans et al. 2017, there has been interest in determining the exact relationship between the Evolution Strategies gradient and the gradient of a similar class of algorithms, Finite Differences (FD).(Zhang et al. 2017, Lehman et al. 2018) Several investigations into the subject have been performed, investigating the formal motivational differences(Lehman et al. 2018) between ES and FD, as well as the differences in a standard benchmark problem in Machine Learning, the MNIST classification problem(Zhang et al. 2017). This paper proves that while the gradients are different, they converge as the dimension of the vector under optimization increases.
Survival outcomes and practice trends for off-label use of adjuvant targeted therapy in high-risk locoregional renal cell carcinoma.

Abstract Importance The appropriate use of adjuvant targeted therapy (TT) for high-risk locoregional renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after nephrectomy is currently unclear due to mixed results from the relevant randomized controlled trials. National-level survival outcomes and practice trends for the use of adjuvant TT in the United States have not been reported. Objective To compare overall survival for patients who did and did not receive adjuvant TT after nephrectomy for high-risk locoregional RCC. Design, setting, and participants This cohort study reviewed the National Cancer Database from 2006 to 2015. Patients with nonmetastatic clear cell RCC who underwent nephrectomy with either stage pT3a or greater or pN+ were included. Main outcomes and measures Adjuvant TT was defined as receipt of TT within 3 months of nephrectomy. The primary end point was overall survival from initial diagnosis to date of death or censored at last follow-up. Baseline characteristics were described, and a multivariable analysis identified associations for receipt of adjuvant TT. Nearest-neighbor propensity matching was performed to create similar groups for comparison. A survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. Results The final study population included 41,127 patients. Two thousand seventy-one patients (5.04%) received off-label adjuvant TT. Younger age, white race, private insurance, positive margins, pT4, and pN+ were associated with receipt of adjuvant TT. After nearest-neighbor propensity matching for clinically and statistically relevant covariates, 1,604 patients remained in the matched cohort, with statistically nonsignificant differences between the groups for all baseline characteristics. Median overall survival was 52 months for patients in the Adjuvant TT group versus 79 months for those who did not receive adjuvant TT (P Conclusions The propensity matched survival analysis revealed significantly decreased overall survival in patients who received off-label adjuvant TT for high-risk locoregional RCC.
A Cause-Effect Relationship of Infliximab and Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report.

Biological monoclonal antibodies such as infliximab have significantly remodeled inflammatory bowel disease's treatment course. Despite multiple side effects reported with infliximab, this medication has shown to be robust and practical. There is a paucity of cases reporting venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurrence during the treatment with infliximab. Although such an association's exact mechanism is still not precise, we should be aware of the drug thromboembolic aptitude. Close attention should be given to patients who started infliximab infusion for any symptoms of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis.
On the Spread of Five Nonnative Ferns in Georgia

Compared to most other groups of vascular plants, ferns have been neglected with respect to the potential for nonnative species to invade native plant communities and displace native species. Targeted collecting in the Piedmont of northeast Georgia uncovered five nonnative ferns that represent range extensions or provide clear confirmation of naturalization. Examination of herbarium specimens from Georgia revealed that some earlier records, as well as some overlooked records, were based on misidentifications. The species involved (Cyrtomium fortunei, Deparia petersenii, Dryopteris erythrosora, Macrothelypteris torresiana, and Pteris multifida) are all introductions from temperate regions in East Asia and represent escapes from cultivation. Study of Georgia collections held in herbaria from throughout the Southeast allowed determination of the first appearance and subsequent range expansion of the five species over time. These data and information about mating systems, ploidy level, and ecological requirements of each species allowed inferences to be made about their probable spread in the future, including effects of climate change.
State-Level Health Care Expenditures Associated With Disability

ObjectiveGiven the growth in national disability-associated health care expenditures (DAHE) and the changes in health insurance–specific DAHE distribution, updated estimates of state-level DAHE are...
Bridging the gaps between tertiary and community care networks: Results from a southern California survey research analysis.

1538Background: Although many tertiary cancer centers offer access to myriad research protocols, the majority of patients nevertheless receive treatment at community practices. We sought to examine...
Initial Results for Glacial Variable Analysis

Runtime code generation that uses the values of one or more variables to generate specialized code is called value-specific optimization. Typically, value-specific optimization focuses on variables that are modified much less frequently than they are referenced; we call these glacial variables. In current systems that use runtime code generation, glacial variables are identified by programmer directives. Next, we describe glacial variable analysis, the first data-flow analysis for automatically identifying glacial variables. We introduce the term staging analysis to describe analyses that divide a program into stages or use the stage structure of a program. Glacial variable analysis is an interprocedural staging analysis that identifies the relative modification and reference frequencies for each variable and expression. Later, several experiments are given to characterize a set of benchmark programs with respect to their stage structure, and we show how often value-specific optimization might be applied. Finally, we explain how staging analysis relates to runtime code generation, briefly describe glacial variable analysis and present some initial results.
Spinning the Web: A Guide to Serving Information on the World Wide Web

1 What, How, Where?.- 1.1 The Internet.- 1.2 Connecting to the Internet.- 1.3 Internet Applications.- 1.4 The WWW.- 2 How the Web Works.- 2.1 WWW Browsers.- 2.2 Client/Server Interaction.- 2.3 MIME Types.- 2.4 External Viewers.- 2.5 Executing Local Programs from Hyperlinks.- 2.6 Servers.- 3 HTTP.- 3.1 The HTTP Request.- 3.2 The HTTP Response.- 3.3 Status Codes.- 3.4 HTTP Security.- 4 Servers.- 4.1 Setting up NCSA httpd.- 4.2 Using NCSA httpd Features.- 4.3 Using the NCSA Server.- 4.4 NCSA httpd Security Considerations.- 4.5 Setting up CERN httpd.- 4.6 Using CERN httpd Features.- 4.7 Netscape Servers.- 4.8 Apache.- 4.9 Other Servers.- 5 Security.- 5.1 Server Security.- 5.2 CGI Security.- 5.3 Client Security.- 5.4 Firewalls.- 6 HTML.- 6.1 Quick and Dirty.- 6.2 The Fine Print.- 6.3 Writing HTML.- 6.4 HTML Text Elements.- 6.5 HTML Anchors.- 6.6 Rules and Images.- 6.7 HTML Forms.- 6.8 Common HTML Errors.- 6.9 HTML Style.- 6.10 The Future of HTML.- 6.11 Copyrights.- 7 HTML Reference.- 7.1 Syntax.- 7.2 The HTML Document.- 7.3 The HTML Body.- 7.4 HTML Anchors.- 7.5 Headers.- 7.6 Text Tags.- 7.7 Addresses.- 7.8 Lists.- 7.9 Special Characters.- 7.10 Images and Rules.- 7.11 Embedded Objects.- 7.12 Tables.- 7.13 Frames.- 7.14 HTML Forms.- 7.15 Java and JavaScript.- 7.16 HTML 3.- 8 Advanced HTML Examples.- 8.1 Alignment.- 8.2 Rules.- 8.3 Images.- 8.4 Lists.- 8.5 Anchors.- 8.6 Truly Nasty and Naughty.- 8.7 Frame Documents.- 8.8 Forms.- 9 CGI Scripts.- 9.1 Very Plain CGI Script.- 9.2 The CGI Header.- 9.3 The No-Parse-Header CGI Script.- 9.4 The Script Data.- 9.5 A Bigger Example in C.- 9.6 An Example in Perl.- 9.7 The Environment Variables.- 9.8 Script Security: Shells, Perl, C, or What?.- 9.9 Debugging CGI Scripts.- 9.10 CGI Examples.- 10 Tricks.- 10.1 Images.- 10.2 Serving Sounds.- 10.3 Serving Video.- 10.4 Server-Side Includes.- 10.5 Indexing Your Pages.- 11 WWW Utilities.- 11.1 WWW Indices and Other Information Services.- 11.2 Image Tbols.- 11.3 Helper Applications/External Viewers.- 11.4 HTML Editors.- 11.5 Converters to HTML.- 11.6 Converters from HTML.- 11.7 HTML Checkers.- 11.8 Proxies and Packet Filters.- 11.9 HTTP Log Parsers.- 11.10 CGI Programming.- 12 Java and JavaScript.- 12.1 A Sample Java Program.- 12.2 A Brief Java Overview by Example.- 12.3 JavaScript.- 12.4 JavaScript Examples.- 12.5 JavaScript Operators.- 12.6 The JavaScript Language.- 12.7 JavaScript Statements.- 12.8 JavaScript Objects.- 12.9 More JavaScript Examples.- 13 VRML.- 13.1 VRML Files.- 13.2 Field Values.- 13.3 Nodes.- 13.4 VRML Usage.- Appendixes.- A Uniform Resource Locators.- B Country Code Domain Names.- C Strftime Format Strings.- References.
Influence of Wind and Humidity on Foraging Behavior of Olfactory Mesopredators

Many mammalian predators rely on scents to locate prey and weather conditions that affect an odor plume (i.e., scents suspended in air) or depositional odor (i.e., scents laid on the ground) should affect predator foraging behavior. We predicted that wind speed, wind direction, and humidity would influence the foraging behavior of olfactory mesopredators. We tested these predictions by conducting spotlight surveys for foraging Red Foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), Striped Skunks ( Mephitis mephitis ), and Raccoons ( Procyon lotor ) along the dike surrounding Willard Bay Reservoir in Willard, Utah, from August 2008 to August 2009. We recorded predator species, locations, numbers, and weather conditions at the time each predator was observed. While humidity had no effect on foraging, wind speed and direction were significant predictors of a predator's nightly foraging activity, with most predators observed when wind speeds were 2 to 4 m/s and winds were blowing perpendicularly over the dike the dike rather than parallel to the dike. Wind speed and direction also influenced where predators foraged on the dike, with predators being more likely to forage on the windward side of the dike when wind speeds were high enough to cause turbulence. We detected differences among predator species in their response to wind speed: Raccoons were more active than Striped Skunks and Red Foxes when the wind was calm and blowing parallel to the dike. Overall, our results indicate that these predator species alter their foraging behavior based on wind speed and wind direction. By foraging when winds were light and blowing perpendicularly over the dike, predators could likely enhance their ability to locate food using olfaction.
Nonnegative Garrote Component Selection in Functional ANOVA models

We consider the problem of component selection in a functional ANOVA model. A nonparametric extension of the nonnegative garrote (Breiman, 1996) is proposed. We show that the whole solution path of the proposed method can be efficiently computed, which, in turn , facilitates the selection of the tuning parameter. We also show that the final estimate enjoys nice theoretical properties given that the tuning parameter is appropriately chosen. Simulation and a real data example demonstrate promising performance of the new approach.
The role of neutrophil membrane glycoprotein GP-150 in neutrophil adherence to endothelium in vitro.

We have previously described two patients with a congenital defect in neutrophil function characterized by an inability to form pus. The patients' neutrophils lack a membrane glycoprotein of mol wt 150,000 daltons (GP-150) on analysis by SDS-PAGE. This glycoprotein is part of a membrane antigen complex recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 60.3. Addition of MoAb 60.3 to normal neutrophils produces defects in chemotaxis and phagocytosis in vitro similar to those observed in the patients. Since neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelium is prerequisite to neutrophil emigration in vivo, we examined the interaction of the patients' neutrophils and normal neutrophils treated with MoAb 60.3 with cultured endothelium. Adherence was determined as the percentage of 51Cr-labeled purified peripheral blood neutrophils which remained adherent to plastic wells or endothelial monolayers after a 45-minute incubation at 37 degrees C. The percentage of neutrophils from patient 1 remaining adherent to uncoated, fibronectin-coated, or laminin-coated plastic was similar to that observed in normal neutrophils (55% to 84% adherence with normal neutrophils v 73% to 78% adherence with the patient's neutrophils and 63% to 82% adherence with MoAb 60.3-treated normal neutrophils). The adherence of the neutrophils from patient 1 and MoAb 60.3-treated normal neutrophils to human or bovine endothelium in serum-free medium was also not significantly different from that observed in normal neutrophils (less than 10% adherence with normal, MoAb 60.3-treated, and patient neutrophils). In medium containing 10% autologous or heterologous human plasma, however, the adherence of neutrophils from patient 1 or MoAb 60.3-treated normal neutrophils to endothelial monolayers was significantly reduced (35% +/- 7% of normal neutrophils in seven experiments). Although phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (10 ng/mL) and calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-5) mol/L) markedly increased the adherence of normal neutrophils to endothelial monolayers in serum- free medium (40% to 85% adherence), neither agent increased the adherence of the neutrophils from patient 1 or normal neutrophils treated with MoAb 60.3 (less than 5% adherence). The adherence of PMA- activated neutrophils from patient 2 to endothelial monolayers was also markedly decreased when compared with that of normal neutrophils. Postsecretory cell-free supernatants from PMA-activated normal neutrophils failed to augment adherence of neutrophils from patient 1 (less than 5% adherence).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Food Avoidance Diets for Dermatitis

Food allergy is relatively common in both children and adults, and its prevalence is increasing. Early exposure of food allergens onto skin with an impaired epidermal barrier predisposes to sensitization and prevents the development of oral tolerance. While immediate-type food allergies are well described, less is known about delayed-type food allergies manifesting as dermatitis. This is due, in part, to limitations with current diagnostic testing for delayed-type food allergy, including atopy patch testing. We conducted a systematic review of food avoidance diets in delayed-type food allergies manifesting as dermatitis. While beneficial in some clinical circumstances, avoidance diets should be used with caution in infants and children, as growth impairment and developmental delay may result. Ultimately, dermatitis is highly multifactorial and avoidance diets may not improve symptoms of delayed-type food allergy until combined with other targeted therapies, including restoring balance in the skin microbiome and re-establishing proper skin barrier function.
Experimental Check of the Effectiveness of Selection for a Quantitative Character.

Page 426, equation (8), for " ĀD " read " AD ". Page 435, footnote 6, for " (tables 2 and 3) " read " (tables 1 and 2) ". Page 436, line 21, for " n=0 " read " m=0 ". Page 436, line 25, for " nopo2g2 "read " nopog2 " and for " n=0 " read " m=0". Page 443, under Fisher, R. A. 1918, for " 62 "