cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supporting Pen-Based Classroom Interaction: New Findings and Functionality for Classroom Learning Partner

This paper reports the latest developments for a wireless pen-based classroom interaction system, classroom learning partner (CLP), and two new variations - group learning partner (GLP) and elementary learning partner (ELP). CLP consists of a network of Tablet PCs and software for posing questions to students, interpreting their handwritten answers, and aggregating the answers into equivalence classes. Through controlled classroom experiments, we have demonstrated that use of CLP improves student learning, especially among students who might otherwise be left behind. GLP extends CLP to support student group work in the classroom by supporting the transmission of ink between students. ELP is a version of CLP developed for use in elementary school classrooms.
The Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to Prevention Science in Counseling Psychology

The theory of reasoned action and planned behavior (TRA/PB) is a model of behavior change that has been extensively studied in the health sciences but has had limited exposure in the counseling psychology literature. The model offers counseling psychologists a framework to conceptualize prevention research and practice. The model is important to consider since the training of counseling psychologists is heavily dominated by theories of psychotherapy that emphasize remediation rather than prevention. This article discusses a brief history and explanation of TRA/PB along with relevant research, limitations, and multicultural considerations. Elicitation research, an important component of the model, receives emphasis because it solicits population-specific cognitions and social influences relevant to targeted behaviors, thus strengthening prevention interventions. An example demonstrates how TRA/PB can be used as a theoretical framework to support prevention research. Recommendations for prevention training ...
THE ENDURING CONFLICT OF “JOBS VERSUS THE ENVIRONMENT”: LOCAL POLLUTION HAVENS AS AN INTEGRATIVE EMPIRICAL MEASURE OF ECONOMY VERSUS ENVIRONMENT

The “jobs versus the environment” dichotomy has been a recurring theme in the United States for decades. It is typically taken to refer to a choice or trade-off between economic growth and development and environmental quality or the lack of environmental degradation. Little resolution has occurred after decades of research because of inconsistent or problematic conceptualization and the use of inappropriate spatial units of analysis. Research on international and domestic pollution havens is reviewed in an effort to introduce the Local Pollution Havens concept. Local pollution havens are conceptualized as counties with high levels of pollution per unit of economic reward, high toxicity per unit of economic reward, and low regulation or other social controls. Traditional and spatial statistical techniques are utilized to construct this measure and determine which counties fit the conceptualization. Descriptive statistics and the results of t-tests and logistic regression analyses are presented to demonstr...
Non-zero-sum collaboration, reciprocity, and the preference for similarity: Developing an adaptive model of close relational functioning

An evolutionary framework was used to develop a model of relational functioning among friends. The proposed model focuses on the collaborative nature of close friendships and attempts to highlight two adaptive mechanisms important in creating non-zero-sum outcomes among highly interdependent parties. The model emphasizes the importance of reciprocity in creating mutually beneficial outcomes through social exchange, and it articulates how the preference for similarity is useful when creating non-zero-sum rewards through synergistic coordination. In particular, the focus is on the unique role that shared interests and mutual knowledge play when individuals attempt to pursue common goals through joint activity. The implications of the model are discussed with respect to a host of issues ranging from deceptive communication to relational satisfaction and commitment. Collaborative behavior is a fundamental aspect of close relationships. The collaborative nature of our relationships is important to investigate because it provides insight into what it means to be human and it furthers our understanding of how we relate to each other. By adopting an evolutionary perspective, we articulate how two fundamental adaptive processes underlie collaboration among close, nonkin relations. Specifically, we examine how reciprocity and the preference for similarity may have been designed by natural selection to produce non-zero-sum outcomes through the exchange of resources and the coordination of joint activities. We start with a review of evolutionary psychology (EP) and then we highlight the unique problem that close, nonkin relationships, namely friendships, have posed for evolutionary scholars. Briefly, extreme acts of altruism, common among friends, are
Collection and analysis of data about group processes in computer supported meetings

The purpose of this interactive poster is to encourage the exchange of information about techniques for gathering and analyzing data relevant to the evaluation of software used by a group. As more software is created for the use of group meetings, we must be able to evaluate that software, its interface and its effects within the meeting. Experimental evaluation of group software is more complex than that of single-user software. To evaluate the changes caused by the meeting software, it is necessary to collect data on the group process and its outcome.
“Love” the Local, “Use” the National, “Study” the Foreign: Shifting Javanese Language Ecologies in (Post-)Modernity, Postcoloniality, and Globalization

Indonesian state development policies have shaped definitions of language, meanings conveyed through language, and access to language forms through deliberate policy actions that pervade public, and increasingly, private life. Modern language ideologies that are part and parcel of national development have informed these policies and informed educated youths' understandings and rationalizations of their linguistic competencies. In this paper I explore how macro-level language policies informed by modern language ideologies and micro-level influences in the form of peer pressure and adult shaming encourage shift toward the national language, Indonesian, and away from Javanese. State policies advising citizens to “love” their local languages, but “use” their one national language, Indonesian, work together with micro-level social interactions to nudge language shift in the direction of an increasingly monolingual, Indonesian-speaking populace.
Saturn's F ring grains: Aggregates made of crystalline water ice

Abstract We present models of the near-infrared (1–5 μm) spectra of Saturn’s F ring obtained by Cassini’s Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) at ultra-high phase angles (177.4–178.5°). Modeling this spectrum constrains the size distribution, composition, and structure of F ring particles in the 0.1–100 μm size range. These spectra are very different from those obtained at lower phase angles; they lack the familiar 1.5 and 2 μm absorption bands, and the expected 3 μm water ice primary absorption appears as an unusually narrow dip at 2.87 μm. We have modeled these data using multiple approaches. First, we use a simple Mie scattering model to constrain the size distribution and composition of the particles. The Mie model allows us to understand the overall shapes of the spectra in terms of dominance by diffraction at these ultra-high phase angles, and also to demonstrate that the 2.87 μm dip is associated with the Christiansen frequency of water ice (where the real refractive index passes unity). Second, we use a combination of Mie scattering with Effective Medium Theory to probe the effect of porous (but structureless) particles on the overall shape of the spectrum and depth of the 2.87 μm band. Such simple models are not able to capture the shape of this absorption feature well. Finally, we model each particle as an aggregate of discrete monomers, using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) model, and find a better fit for the depth of the 2.87 μm feature. The DDA models imply a slightly different overall size distribution. We present a simple heuristic model which explains the differences between the Mie and DDA model results. We conclude that the F ring contains aggregate particles with a size distribution that is distinctly narrower than a typical power law, and that the particles are predominantly crystalline water ice.
How can we begin to measure recovery

Background There is a lack of consensus in the addiction treatment literature regarding the definition of substance abuse "recovery".
Normal tissue toxicity after small field hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation

Stereotactic body radiation (SBRT) is an emerging tool in radiation oncology in which the targeting accuracy is improved via the detection and processing of a three-dimensional coordinate system that is aligned to the target. With improved targeting accuracy, SBRT allows for the minimization of normal tissue volume exposed to high radiation dose as well as the escalation of fractional dose delivery. The goal of SBRT is to minimize toxicity while maximizing tumor control. This review will discuss the basic principles of SBRT, the radiobiology of hypofractionated radiation and the outcome from published clinical trials of SBRT, with a focus on late toxicity after SBRT. While clinical data has shown SBRT to be safe in most circumstances, more data is needed to refine the ideal dose-volume metrics.
AGS booster beam position, tune, and longitudinal profile data acquisition system

In this paper we will describe a data acquisition system designed and developed for the AGS Booster. The system was motivated by the need to get high quality beam diagnostics from the AGS Booster. This was accomplished by locating the electronics and digital data acquisition close to the Booster ring, to minimize loss of bandwidth in the original signals. In addition we had to develop the system rapidly and at a low cost. The system consists of a Lecroy digital oscilloscope which is interfaced through a National Instruments Lab View server application, developed for this project. This allows multiple client applications to time share the scope without interfering with each other. We will present a description of the system design along with example clients that we have implemented.
LOCAL EXTIRPATION OF STEPHANODISCUS NIAGARAE (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) IN THE RECENT LIMNOLOGICAL RECORD OF LAKE ONTARIO

We investigated microfossil assemblages in recent sediments from nine stations across Lake Ontario. Stephanodiscus niagarae was not present in any of these sediment samples, marking the taxon’s extirpation from its type locality. This observation documents the end of a general reduction in size and alteration in valve morphology associated with habitat disturbance. Stephanodiscus niagarae may have been directly eliminated from the lake, or sexual reproduction may have been delayed beyond the species’ ability to sustain numbers through asexual reproduction.
Linezolid-Induced Pure Red Blood Cell Aplasia

We report a case of reversible pure red blood cell aplasia that developed in a patient who had received 8 weeks of linezolid therapy.
Synthesis of positive real feedback systems: a simple derivation via Parrott's theorem

A simple derivation of the formulas for controller rendering a closed-loop system strongly positive real is presented. The derivation is based on Parrott's theorem and the positive real lemma. When the positive real lemma is applied to the closed loop system, a bilinear matrix inequality results. The significance of Parrott's theorem in the context of a strongly positive real synthesis problem is that it allows one to convert this bilinear matrix inequality into two linear matrix inequalities.
Activation and repression of glucose-stimulated ChREBP requires the concerted action of multiple domains within the MondoA conserved region

Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose-dependent transcription factor that stimulates the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic genes in mammals. Glucose regulation of...
Pulmonary Venous Hypertension- An On Going Quest for Treatment: Is PDE5 Inhibition the Right Solution?

Pulmonary venous hypertension is pulmonary hypertension resulting from elevated left sided filling pressures. This may result from chronic elevation of left atrial pressures from heart failure; either heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or from valvular heart disease. This is classified as Group 2 pulmonary hypertension in the Dana point classification [1]. Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease is defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of greater than or equal to 15 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) greater than 3WU. Chronic elevation of left ventricular end diastolic pressures will result in increased left atrial pressures, initially causing passive congestion and rise in pulmonary venous pressures and resulting pulmonary arterial hypertension. This usually reverses readily with diuresis and lowering the left atrial pressures. Transpulmonary gradient (TPG = mPAP – PCWP) is normal at this stage. Continued elevation in PCWP may result in pulmonary vasoconstriction and reactive pulmonary hypertension where the TPG is greater than 12 mm HG and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is greater than 3WU. This reactive pulmonary hypertension responds to diuresis and pulmonary vasodilation with agents such as nipride, nesiritide, inhaled nitric oxide or milrinone. Over time, the passive congestion and vasocontiction causes pulmonary vascular remodeling resulting in abnormalities of elastic fibres, smooth muscle proliferation and endothelial proliferation causing pulmonary arterial remodeling and resulting obliterative arteriopathy which is in part mediated by endothelin and is histologically indistinguishable from pulmonary arterial hypertension [2] Table 1. Epidemiology
Municipal Officials' Participation in Built Environment Policy Development in the United States

Abstract Purpose. This study examined municipal officials' participation in built environment policy initiatives focused on land use design, transportation, and parks and recreation. Design. Web-based cross-sectional survey. Setting. Eighty-three municipalities with 50,000 or more residents in eight states. Subjects. Four hundred fifty-three elected and appointed municipal officials. Measures. Outcomes included self-reported participation in land use design, transportation, and parks and recreation policy to increase physical activity. Independent variables included respondent position; perceptions of importance, barriers, and beliefs regarding physical activity and community design and layout; and physical activity partnership participation. Analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models. Results. Compared to other positions, public health officials had lower participation in land use design (78.3% vs. 29.0%), transportation (78.1% vs. 42.1%), and parks and recreation (67.1% vs. 26.3%) policy. Percei...
Immunolocalization of annexins IV, V and VI in the failing and non-failing human heart

The failing human heart is characterized by changes in the expression and function of proteins involved in intracellular Ca2+ cycling, resulting in altered Ca2+ transients and impaired contractile properties of cardiac muscle. The role of the cardiac annexins in this process remains unclear. Annexins may play a role in the regulation of Ca2+ pumps and exchangers on the sarcolemma, and have been shown to be altered in some cardiac disease states. Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the immunolocalization and expression of annexins IV, V and VI in failing and non-failing human hearts. Methods: We used immunostaining to identify the subcellular location of annexins IV, V and VI proteins within the myocardial cell, and Western blot analysis to quantify the proteins in the same hearts. Results: Annexin IV showed a cytoplasmic distribution in both failing and non-failing human heart cells. Annexin V was localized at the z-line, around lipofuscin granules, and in the cytosol in the non-failing heart cells. Annexin VI was localized at the sarcolemma and intercalated disc. Protein levels of annexins IV and V were up-regulated in failing human hearts, while the expression of annexin VI was unchanged. Conclusions: Alterations in the intracellular localization of annexins, along with up-regulation of annexins IV and V in the failing human heart cells, suggests differential regulation of these Ca2+ regulatory proteins during heart failure.
Economic Considerations for Low-Cost, Groundwater-Based Rural Water Supply

Abstract An estimated 1,800 million rural people will have to be provided with improved water supplies in the 15 years to the end of this century if developing countries are to approach the coverage targets of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD). Accelerated progress is hampered by financial, technical and institutional resource constraints faced by many developing countries. The problem is also aggravated by the growing number of completed projects which are broken down and abandoned, or functioning well below their potential capacity. The Community Water Supply Project (formerly the Rural Water Supply Handpumps Project) was initiated to address these problems and work towards sustainable, replicable rural water supply programs. As part of this work, the Project has devised a simple, analytical tool, based on traditional cost/benefit analysis, that can be used to evaluate rural water supply projects.
Automatic prominent syllable detection with machine learning classifiers

In this paper, we examine the performance of automatically detecting Brazil's prominent syllables using five machine learning classifiers and seven sets of features consisting of three features: pitch, intensity, and duration, taken one at time, two at a time, and all three. Prominent syllables are the foundation of Brazil's prosodic intonation model. We found that using pitch, intensity, and duration as features produces the best optimal results. Our findings also revealed that in terms of accuracy, F-measure, and Cohen's kappa coefficient that bagging an ensemble of decision tree learners performed the best (accuracy = 95.9 ± 0.2 %; F-measure = 93.7 ± 0.4; ? = 0.907 ± 0.005). The performance of our current model proves to be significantly better than any other automatic detection software that exists or that of human transcription experts of prosody.
Modulus of Natural Rubber Cross-Linked by Dicumyl Peroxide. I. Experimental Observations.

Natural rubber mixed with varying amounts of dicumyl peroxide was cross-linked by heating 120 min at 149 °C. The quantitative measure of cross-linking was taken as the amount fp of decomposed dicumyl peroxide, the product of p, the number of parts added per hundred of rubber and f the fraction decomposed during the time of cure. The shear creep modulus G was calculated from measurements of the indentation of a flat rubber sheet by a rigid sphere. The glass transition temperature Tg , was raised about 1.2 °C for each part of decomposed dicumyl peroxide. Above (Tg + 12) the modulus-temperature relations were linear with a slope that increased with increasing cross-linking. The creep rate was negligible except near the glass transition and at low values of fp. Values of G, read from these plots at seven temperatures, were plotted as a function of fp. The linearity of the two plots permits the derivation of the general relation: G = S(fp + B)T + H(fp + B) + A where A, B, H, and S are constants. The lines representing G as a function of fp at each temperature all intersected near the point, fp = 0.45 phr, G = 2.70 Mdyn cm-2 (0.270 MN m-2). The constants were evaluated as A = 2.70 Mdyn cm-2, B = -0.45 phr, S = 5.925 × 10-3 Mdyn cm-2(phr)-1K-1 and H = 0.0684 (Mdyn cm-2) (phr)-1. This equation represented satisfactorily all the data obtained at temperatures from -50 to +100 °C for values of fp from about 1 to 24 phr.
Life on the Street in the Commedia dell’Arte Scenarios of Flaminio Scala

This essay examines the dramatic utility of the fixed street setting in the comic scenarios of the commedia dell’arte, specifically in the scenarios of Flaminio Scala, 1611. It also shows the ways in which the setting is of a piece with the world the scenarios represent. The elaboration of cultural history relative to the street setting makes clear that the scenarios had a vitality and excitement for their audience that is too often lost on today’s viewer or reader. Lastly, the essay examines the effects of the street setting upon the representation of women. As a corollary to the focus on the setting, the essay attempts to raise the status of the scenarios.
Great (and Reasonable) Expectations: Fourth Amendment Protection for Attorney-Client Communications

The attorney-client privilege is recognized in every state and in the federal judicial system. Yet despite its ubiquity, the scope of protection provided by the privilege varies widely among the various jurisdictions. Moreover, the privilege is generally considered to be a mere rule of evidence or state law and not a constitutional right. This Article argues that the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution applies to and protects attorney-client privileged communications. Since clients have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their communications with their attorneys and society is prepared to recognize that expectation as reasonable, such communications are protected by the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition of unreasonable government searches and seizures. Recognizing Fourth Amendment applicability will establish a consistent minimum level of protection for privileged communications in every state and federal jurisdiction. Equally important, such recognition will reflect and validate the unique privacy interests that clients have in their communications with their attorneys and requires court-ordered production of those communications to be reasonable.
Route planning

Route planning is discussed as part of an avionics system. A very rapid route planning technique was developed based on the cellular automata (CA) paradigm. A CA consists of a 2-D, 3-D or higher-dimensional grid of cells. Each cell has either a real or virtual processor assigned to it, and communicates with neighboring cells to solve a variety of spatial-temporal problems. The route planner operates within a multidimensional cellular search space where there is a cost associated with travel through every cell. This cost is a weighted combination of many factors. To provide a dynamically adaptable level of resolution appropriate to the problem under consideration, a quadtree-based technique was developed. The basic route planning algorithm extends very naturally into the time dimension. >
Impact of the Environment on Male Sexual Health

Erectile dysfunction is a common condition with multiple risk factors. There is a growing body of evidence that endocrine disruptors in the environment can impact sexual health. Endocrine disruptors can be both natural and synthetic compounds. We will review the pertinent literature on phytoestrogens, heavy metals, bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyl, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), passive smoking, and drinking water contaminants. While animal studies support estrogenic effects of these compounds that can lead to reproductive and sexual dysfunction, the association in human studies remains weak. Thus, further research in this area is needed and safe levels of endocrine disruptors in the environment must be established.
Positive intergroup contact, negative intergroup contact, and threat as predictors of cognitive and affective dimensions of prejudice

Research on intergroup contact suggests that contact relates more strongly to affective than cognitive dimensions of prejudice. However, work on these forms of prejudice focuses primarily on positive contact experiences. One goal of this study is to examine whether positive and negative contact experiences differentially predict affective and cognitive dimensions of prejudice. The second goal is to examine intergroup threats as mediators of contact–prejudice relationships. Results demonstrated that negative contact more strongly predicted cognitive dimensions of prejudice such as stereotypes. Both types of contact were similarly predictive of affective dimensions of prejudice. The mediation of the negative contact–prejudice relationship was stronger across all dependent measures than mediation of the positive contact–prejudice relationship. Together these results suggest that either form of contact predicts affective prejudice but negative contact is particularly important in explaining cognitive dimensio...
Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers from End-Functionalized Starches: Synthesis, Characterization, Thin Film Preparation, and Small Molecule Loading

End-functionalized macromolecular starch reagents, prepared by reductive amination, were grafted onto a urethane-linked polyester-based backbone using copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry to produce novel amphiphilic hybrid graft copolymers. These copolymers represent the first examples of materials where the pendant chains derived from starch biopolymers have been incorporated into a host polymer by a grafting-to approach. The graft copolymers were prepared in good yields (63–90%) with high grafting efficiencies (66–98%). Rigorous quantitative spectroscopic analyses of both the macromolecular building blocks and the final graft copolymers provide a comprehensive analytical toolbox for deciphering the reaction chemistry. Due to the modular nature of both the urethane-linked polyester synthesis and the postpolymerization modification, the starch content of these novel hybrid graft copolymers was easily tuned from 28–53% (w/w). The uptake of two low molecular weight guest molecules ...
Augmentation of the Egg Parasitoid Anaphes iole (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) for Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera:Miridae) Management in Strawberries

The impact of repeated releases of Anaphes iole (Girault) on the development of Lygus hesperus Knight populations and fruit damage in commercial strawberry fields was evaluated. Following the release of 37,000 parasitoids per hectare, 50% of L. hesperus eggs were parasitized. Parasitism levels declined rapidly; after 96 h, parasitism levels had declined to an average of only 3.5% in these plots. A release rate of 12,.300 parasitoids per hectare produced parasitism levels of 6.3 and 7.0% 48 and 96 h after release, respectively. The high release rate of the parasitoids resulted in a 43% reduction in the number of L. hesperus nymphs and a 22% reduction in the amount of fruit damage. The low release rate responded in a comparable fashion, with nymph and damage levels 19 and 14% lower than control plots, respectively. The effect of the parasitoid releases on L. hesperus populations increased through time. On average, there was a proportionally greater reduction in nymph densities in the higher release rate plots during the latter half of the season. In all the plots, there was a significant relationship between the number of L. hesperus nymphs found in the plot and the amount of fruit damage. The significance of these results to management of L. hesperus in strawberries is discussed.
Molecular Dissection of the Tubulin C-Terminal Tails by NMR

Microtubules made from α-β tubulin heterodimers are important for cell migration, long range transport in cells, and cell division. The disordered C-terminal tails (CTT) are a primary site of tubulin regulation. Tubulin CTT affect microtubule (MT) length dynamics and mechanical properties, and are a major site of tubulin post-translational modification which regulates tubulin's binding interactions. Major questions remain about the molecular mechanism of tubulin CTT function and regulation. We have developed techniques to use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the binding and regulation by post-translational modification of the tubulin CTT. Previous work has shown contradictory results for protein interactions with isolated CTT peptides versus CTT connected to full tubulin dimers. Therefore, we compared chemical shift values of CTT peptides in isolation and when connected to the dimer. We found significant differences in the chemical shift values, indicating different average CTT environment in each context. Our results suggest that the CTT dynamically interact with the ordered dimer surface in ways that can modify CTT and/or MT behavior, consistent with previous results showing that CTT affect MT polymerization and mechanical properties. This system will enable study of the molecular mechanisms of CTT effects on MT regulation.
Effect of packaging during storage time on retail display microbial population of beef strip loins from two different production systems.

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of packaging during storage of strip loins (to simulate export shipment) from steers fattened on intensive grazing systems (Uruguay; UR) or on a high-concentrate diet (United States; US) on retail display life microbial growth. Four or 3 different packaging treatments were applied to UR and US strip loin roasts or steaks during 35 d of storage; treatments were applied 7 d following slaughter. After 35 d of storage, the samples were evaluated during simulated retail display for up to 6 d. In Exp. 1, the treatments were vacuum packaging (VP), low-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with N and CO (MAP/CO), low-oxygen MAP with N plus CO and CO, and VP plus an application of peroxyacetic acid (VP/PAA). In Exp. 2, block 1, the treatments were VP, MAP/CO, and VP with ethyl--lauroyl--arginate HCl incorporated into the film as an antimicrobial agent (VP/AM). In Exp. 2, block 2, the treatments were VP, MAP/CO, MAP/CO, and VP/AM. For retail display, VP treatments were sliced and repackaged in PVC overwrap, and MAP treatments were actually PVC overwrap trays that were removed from a master bag with the prescribed gas treatment. Regardless of production system and packaging treatment, mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts of 6.9 to 7.8 and 6.7 to 7.7 log10 CFU/cm, respectively, were obtained at the end of retail display, except for US samples in Exp. 2 (5.5 to 6.3 log CFU/cm). No differences ( > 0.05) were detected for spp. counts among packaging treatments in US steaks at the end of the display time in Exp.1, whereas, for UR steaks, both MAP treatments had lower ( 0.05) among packaging were detected for UR steaks. Both MAP and VP/AM treatments in the US samples for Exp. 2 had lower ( 0.05) were found among packaging treatments for the UR samples. To maximize shelf life (storage and display life) of exported fresh beef, it is critical to minimize bacterial populations during processing and storage.
The Prediction Science

Mainly,the national environmental prediction centers around the world are delivering the science-based environmental predictions,which include weather,water,climate and space weather to its nation and the global community.The meteorologists collaborate with all other scientists to produce reliable,timely,and accurate analyses,guidance,forecasts and warnings for the protection of life and property and the enhancement of the global economy,supporting of the growing need for environmental information.In order to make more accurate prediction,better service the people,and maximum reduce the loss of life and property,the PREDICTION SCIENCE have been addressed here.The prediction science includes the data collection from modern observations,real time exchange of the observed and forecasted information,development of various science and technology,seamless forecasts and public services,which could be described as:the SCIENCES,the ENGINEERING and the ARTS independently,and the interaction around them.In general,the weather forecast apparently is a key part of atmospheric and environmental service.The sciences,the engineering and the arts are all servicing our weather forecast,servicing our peoples.
The treatment of complex fractures of the talus.

Abstract The treatment of complex talar injuries entails an intricate knowledge of the anatomy and blood supply to the talus. The approach used should not violate any vascular structure, and the fixation used should be biomechanically stable to allow fracture healing. The three classes of talar fractures are discussed as well as avascular necrosis, talar salvage problems, and talar body fractures.
Do Follow-Up Home Visits by Military Nurses of Chronically I11 Medical Patients Reduce Readmissions?

The study included patients admitted three times or more. Patients were 45 years of age or older and lived within 25 miles of the hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to a control group and those that received home visits. Patients were visited by the RN within 7 days after discharge. Each patient had nine visits over the next 3 months. Seventy-five patients participated in this study. The average age of the sample was 66.12 +/- 16 years. There was an equal number of men and women in the two groups. The nurses made 130 home visits. During these visits, 38 interventions were accomplished. These interventions allowed the patients to remain at home. Prior to this study, the incidence of readmission for these patients was notable. This study showed that home visits with appropriate interventions by military staff nurses reduces the incidence of rehospitalization.
The Background to Conflict

In the light of clear evidence that German involvement in Southern Africa, though supported by public opinion and, at times, by business interests, was in fact determined by the government to meet requirements of its own, it is now appropriate to examine how German activity in the region was conducted.
Interchain Charge-Transfer States Mediate Triplet Formation in Purified Conjugated Polymer Aggregates

The pathways and dynamics of converting spin-allowed (S = 0) singlet excitons to spin-forbidden (S = 1) triplets have significant implications in determining performance metrics of conjugated polymers in optoelectronic devices. We study the effect of structural ordering factors on triplet formation in self-assembled aggregate π-stacked chains of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) using single-molecule time-resolved intensity modulation and electric-field-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Triplet generation is only efficient in P3HT aggregates of high purity, and formation yields are found to increase with nanofiber size. We propose that the high intrachain order in purified aggregates that extends exciton coherence lengths, leading to J-aggregate spectral signatures, is also important for populating interchain charge transfer (CT) states that, at longer times, recombine preferentially to triplets according to spin statistics. Electric-field-dependent PL decays of isolated P3HT aggregates show larg...
Double Density Complex Wavelet Based Image Cartoon-Texture Decomposition

Both the Kingsbury dual-tree and the subsequent Selesnick double-density dual-tree complex wavelet transform approximate an analytic function. The classification of the phase dependency across scales is largely unexplored except by Romberg et al. Here we characterize the subband dependency of the orientation of phase gradients by applying the Morel-Helmholtz principle to bivariate histograms to locate meaningful modes. A further characterization using the Earth mover's Distance with the fundamental Rudin-Osher-Meyer Banach space decomposition into cartoon and texture elements is presented. Possible applications include image compression and invariant descriptor selection for image matching.
Analyzing Digital Collections Entrances: What Gets Used and Why It Matters

This paper analyzes usage data from Hunter Library's digital collections using Google Analytics for a period of twenty-seven months from October 2013 through December 2015. The authors consider this data analysis to be important for identifying collections that receive the largest number of visits. We argue this data evaluation is important in terms of better informing decisions for building digital collections that will serve user needs. The authors also study the benefits of harvesting to sites such as the DPLA and consider this paper will contribute to the overall literature on Google Analytics and its use by libraries.
Experience curve development and cost reduction disaggregation for fuel cell markets in Japan and the US

Abstract Technology learning rates can be dynamic quantities as a technology moves from early development to piloting and from low volume manufacturing to high volume manufacturing. This work describes a generalizable technology analysis approach for disaggregating observed technology cost reductions and presents results of this approach for one specific case study (micro-combined heat and power fuel cell systems in Japan). We build upon earlier reports that combine discussion of fuel cell experience curves and qualitative discussion of cost components by providing greater detail on the contributing mechanisms to observed cost reductions, which were not quantified in earlier reports. Greater standardization is added to the analysis approach, which can be applied to other technologies. This paper thus provides a key linkage that has been missing from earlier literature on energy-related technologies by integrating the output of earlier manufacturing cost studies with observed learning rates to quantitatively estimate the different components of cost reduction including economies of scale and cost reductions due to product performance and product design improvements. This work also provides updated fuel cell technology price versus volume trends from the California Self-Generation Incentive Program, including extensive data for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) reported here for the first time. The Japanese micro-CHP market is found to have a learning rate of 18% from 2005 to 2015, while larger SOFC fuel cell systems (200 kW and above) in the California market are found to have a flat (near-zero) learning rate, and these are attributed to a combination of exogenous, market, and policy factors.
Latina/o College Students' Perceptions of Career Barriers: Influence of Ethnic Identity, Acculturation, and Self‐Efficacy

Path analysis was used to explore the tenets of social cognitive career theory with a sample of 357 Latina/o college students. A modified path model revealed that career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) mediated the influence of ethnic identity and acculturation level on the perception of career barriers. The findings point to the role of ethnic identity in augmenting Latina/o college students' CDSE and increasing awareness about career barriers. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Estimating the impact of consumers in ecological communities: Manual removals identify the complex role of individual consumers in the Gulf of Maine

Abstract In intertidal communities, consumers (especially carnivorous gastropods) have historically been thought to exert strong top-down control on community composition by regulating competitively dominant mussels and barnacles. This paradigm was formulated based on wire mesh cage exclusion experiments, which have well-known artifacts such as altering hydrodynamics and excluding non-target, but potentially important, consumer species. Recent research highlights the potential importance of multiple consumers that are often subtle and transient, as well as the modifications of consumer pressure by spatial and temporal environmental variability and bottom-up processes. Manipulative experiments that target individual taxa will be essential to more clearly identify their roles in complex ecological communities. The predatory gastropod Nucella lapillus has long been considered an important consumer controlling the structure and dynamics of intertidal communities in the Gulf of Maine. To test the role of N. lapillus in shaping community structure, we manually reduced its densities for 2.33 years. Species composition, stable stage community composition (based on a Markov model), and transition probabilities (as measures of ecological pathway strength) were compared between treatments (control vs. density reductions), and among seasons (spring, summer, fall, winter). In contrast to previous studies, exclusions had no effect on community composition or long-term Markov model predictions of stable stage community structure. Reducing N. lapillus abundance increased the persistence and reduced the mortality of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides in the model, but did not affect blue mussels, Mytilus edulis , in a similar way. Reducing N. lapillus abundance had additional indirect effects of increasing Ralfsia spp. mortality and increasing hydroid persistence. Despite differences in transition probabilities among treatments, compensatory changes in direct and indirect pathways led to communities that converged over the long-term. Our results contrast previous estimates of the role of N. lapillus in intertidal communities and might reflect low mussel recruitment, predation by alternate consumers (e.g., C. maenas , C. borealis , Tautogolabrus adspersus , birds), or spatial and/or temporal environmental variation that influenced the role of N. lapillus in structuring these communities. The role of N. lapillus may be more limited, or variable, than often assumed in the Gulf of Maine, and the methods manipulating broad functional groups such as “consumers”, though useful in developing basic conceptual models, blur the effects of individual species in community assembly and dynamics.
Redox-Inactive Peptide Disrupting Trx1-Ask1 Interaction for Selective Activation of Stress Signaling

Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) are two ubiquitous redox enzymes that are central for redox homeostasis, but also are implicated in many other processes, including stress sensing, inflammation, and apoptosis. In addition to their enzymatic redox activity, there is increasing evidence showing that Trx1 and Grx1 play regulatory roles via protein-protein interactions with specific proteins, including Ask1. The currently available inhibitors of Trx1 and Grx1 are thiol-reactive electrophiles or disulfides that may suffer from low selectivity due to their thiol reactivity. In this report, we used a phage peptide library to identify a 7-mer peptide, 2GTP1, that binds to both Trx1 and Grx1. We further showed that a cell-permeable derivative of 2GTP1, TAT-2GTP1, disrupts the Trx1-Ask1 interaction, which induces Ask1 phosphorylation with subsequent activation of JNK, stabilization of p53, and reduced viability of cancer cells. Notably, as opposed to a disulfide-derived Trx1 inhibitor (PX-12), TAT-2GT...
Calcium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate additions of amines

The direct enantioselective chiral calcium(II)·phosphate complex (Ca[CPA]2)-catalyzed conjugate addition of unprotected alkyl amines to maleimides was developed. This mild catalytic system represents a significant advance towards the general convergent asymmetric amination of α,β-unsaturated electrophiles, providing medicinally relevant chiral aminosuccinimide products in high yields and enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused directly from a previously chromatographed reaction and still maintain both high yield and selectivity.
Text Recycling in Scientific Writing.

Text recycling, often called “self-plagiarism”, is the practice of reusing textual material from one’s prior documents in a new work. The practice presents a complex set of ethical and practical challenges to the scientific community, many of which have not been addressed in prior discourse on the subject. This essay identifies and discusses these factors in a systematic fashion, concluding with a new definition of text recycling that takes these factors into account. Topics include terminology, what is not text recycling, factors affecting judgements about the appropriateness of text recycling, and visual materials.
Biochemistry of nervous dogs.

Previous behavioral studies on a nervous strain of pointer dogs have demonstrated genetic as well as environmental components in the nervous trait. Behaviorally these animals are extremely hypervigilant, with an apparent low threshold to fear and show strong avoidance of humans. In addition, the nervous E strain dogs show an unusually high degree of sensitivity to the mange mite. These observations led to the initiation of studies to determine whether differences exist between the normal A strain and the E strain of dogs at the biochemical level. Although a number of biochemical parameters examined have shown no statistically significant difference between the two strains, the modification of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in response to various types of stress does differ as a function of strain—the nervous dogs being less, not more, responsive than the healthy dogs. When not specifically subjected to stress the serum CPK levels in both strains were highly related to age. Significant differences between strains also have been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid acetyl cholinesterase activity levels in older animals. Tryptophan loading experiments, conducted in the presence and absence of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, tranylcypromine, resulted in no readily observable behavioral modification of either strain and the response of the cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels was similar for the two strains.
Developing Measurement Instruments for Science Education Research

This chapter reviews the development of standardized measurement instruments (SMIs) reported in refereed science education publications since 1990. From the early 1990s, quantitative research began to revive after a brief loss of dominance to qualitative approaches in the 1980s. As a result, many researchers have developed SMIs for science education research. This chapter overviews reported SMIs in terms of their content, target population, validation, and reliability, and then discusses approaches to and issues associated with developing SMIs. Desirable future directions for developing SMIs for science education research are discussed.