cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Explicit solutions for optimal Maneuver-based motion planning

In this paper, we examine the problem of optimal motion planning for a continuous dynamical system whose dynamics are described using a formal language, defined by a finite-state machine called a Maneuver Automaton. Any string in the language describes a feasible motion for the dynamical system. It is shown that, under appropriate technical conditions, the set of "sensible" strings in the language, that is, the set of words which describe optimal motions for some choice of initial and final configurations, is finite. This leads to a finite partition of the configuration space, into a number of critical regions associated to each sensible string. Hence, an explicit, exact and finite representation of optimal motion plans, and the corresponding costs, can be computed. The theory and the explicit optimal control solution are demonstrated on an sailboat steering example.
Surveillance and Alienation in the Online Economy

The critical literature on commercial monitoring and so-called “free labor” (Terranova, 2000) locates exploitation in realms beyond the workplace proper, noting the productivity of networked activity including the creation of user-generated-content and the profitability of commercial sites for social networking and communication. The changing context of productivity in these realms, however, requires further development of a critical concept of exploitation. This article defines exploitation as the extraction of unpaid, coerced, and alienated labor. It considers how such a definition might apply to various forms of unpaid but profit-generating online activity, arguing that commercial monitoring redoubles the conscious, intentional activity of users in ways that render it amenable to a critique of exploitation. Given the role of commercial monitoring in the emerging online economy, the paper emphasizes the importance of supplementing privacy critiques with approaches that identify the ways in which new forms of surveillance represent a form of power that seeks to manage and control consumer behavior.
A fully-integrated switched capacitor voltage regulator for near-threshold applications

This paper proposes a novel control technique for Switched Capacitor Voltage Regulators (SCVRs) that reduces voltage ripple through capacitance reconfiguration. The proposed approach supports wide load range at high efficiency and high power densities, enabling a new class of operation in near-threshold applications. An SCVR design is implemented in 45 nm CMOS SOI process to demonstrate the proposed technique at different load conditions. Simulation results show the design achieving high efficiency (74–80%) across 5–125 mA load range with a high current density of 1.25 A/mm2.
Dietary rice bran supplementation prevents Salmonella colonization differentially across varieties and by priming intestinal immunity

The global burden of enteric dysfunction and diarrhoeal disease remains a formidable problem that requires novel interventions. This study investigated the immune-modulatory capacity of bran across rice varieties with phytochemical differences. 129SvEvTac mice were fed a 10% rice bran or control diet followed by infection with Salmonella enterica. Faecal shedding titres were quantified and flow cytometry was used to investigate intestinal immunity. The largest protection against Salmonella colonization was observed with IAC600 variety. Reduced faecal shedding correlated with increased levels of boron, soluble fibre, vitamin E isomers, and fatty acids. IAC600 and Red Wells rice bran modulated small intestinal neutrophils, macrophages, interdigitating dendritic cells, CD8+, γδ, and regulatory T cells, as well as CD8+ and γδ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Rice bran is a promising functional food and merits evaluation for the prevention of Salmonella colonization and regulation of intestinal immunity in people.
D-Arabitol catabolic pathway in Klebsiella aerogenes.

Klebsiella aerogenes strain W70 has an inducible pathway for the degradation of d-arabitol which is comparable to the one found in Aerobacter aerogenes strain PRL-R3. The pathway is also similar to the pathway of ribitol catabolism in that it is composed of a pentitol dehydrogenase, d-arabitol dehydrogenase (ADH), and a pentulokinase, d-xylulokinase (DXK). These two enzymes are coordinately controlled and induced in response to d-arabitol, the apparent inducer of synthesis of these enzymes. We obtained mutants which lacked a functional d-xylose pathway and were constitutive for the ribitol catabolic pathway. These mutants were able to grow on the unusual pentitol, xylitol, only if they contained the functional DXK of the d-arabitol pathway. This provided us with a specific selection technique for DXK+ transductants. As in A. aerogenes, mutants constitutive for ADH were able to use this enzyme to convert the hexitol d-mannitol to d-fructose. With mutants blocked in the normal d-mannitol catabolic pathway, growth on d-mannitol became a test for ADH constitutivity. Growth of such mutants on xylitol, d-arabitol, and d-mannitol was utilized to classify transductants in mapping, by transductional analysis, the loci involved in d-arabitol utilization. Three-point crosses gave the order dalK-dalD-dalC, where dalK is the DXK structural gene, dalD is the ADH structural gene, and dalC is a regulatory site controlling synthesis of both enzymes.
The theory of APL revisited.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with reciprocal and balanced chromosomal translocations always involving the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) gene on chromosome 17 and variable partner genes (X genes) on distinct chromosomes. RARα fuses to the PML gene in the majority of APL cases, and in a few cases to the PLZF, NPM, NuMA and STAT5b genes. As a consequence, X-RARα and RARα-X fusion genes are generated encoding aberrant chimeric proteins that exert critical oncogenic functions. Here we will integrate some of the most recent findings in APL research in a unified model and discuss some of the outstanding questions that remain to be addressed.
Quantitative evaluation and determination of the biological potency of iontophoretically applied luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH).

A series of experiments was performed to establish the rate of release for tritium-labelled luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) and to establish its biological activity. The in vitro iontophoretic release of labelled LRH from glass micropipettes was determined by liquid scintillation counting. The release of LRH was found to have a non-linear relationship with charge. Much higher charges were needed to iontophorese labelled LRH in detectable quantities as compared to that needed to iontophorese norepinephrine. It is thought that because of the size and solubility of LRH. its release from micropipettes depends on electroosmosis. A 5 nA current was found to be the most effective means of retaining LRH in the glass pipettes. In order to assess the biological activity of the iontophoresed LRH molecule, oestrone-treated, ovaricctomized female rats were given intravenous injections of either 50 ng of LRH, samples of LRH collected from iontophoresis or saline. The injection of LRH or the iontophoresed LRH significantly increased luteinizing hormone levels in these animals, whereas saline administration had no effect. It is suggested that LRH can be reliably iontophoresed from glass micropipettes and that its biological activity is not altered by application of a charge and movement of the molecule through the micropipette orifice.
Organizing the Multinational Enterprise: An Information Processing Perspective

This meticulously executed study is broader than the title implies. In addition to what is normally included under the topic of organizing, the book contains sections on control, staffing, and planning. Primary data were collected in structured interviews with headquarters personnel who have general management viewpoints in fifty large multinational firms, twentysix from Europe and twenty-four from the United States.
Experimental Investigation of Parachute Canopies with Rectangular Parallelepiped Geometries

A series of wind-tunnel experiments were conducted in which the drag characteristics and inflated geometry of model parachute canopies with rectangular parallelepiped geometries (polyhedron) were examined. The model-canopy layouts were the same as cross canopies with the adjacent sides completely attached together. All models had a base dimension of 0.2 m, and aspect ratios ranged from 0.2 to 1.2. The models did not have a central vent or any other geometric porosity. The data show the inflated geometry of the canopy differs from the constructed geometry with the smallest change occurring at a constructed aspect of 0.8 and the variation becomes larger for increasing or decreasing constructed aspect ratios. The data also indicate the aerodynamic drag coefficient, based on the projected area, has a maximum value of approximately one for the constructed aspect ratio of 0.3 corresponding to an inflated aspect ratio of 0.53. The drag coefficient is less for smaller and larger aspect-ratio models. If scaled by ...
35 NEONATAL HEAD SIZE AND SUBSEQUENT NEUROBE-HAVIORAL STATUS IN VLBW INFANTS

The relationship of head size at birth and at 40 weeks conceptional age to subsequent neurobehavioral development in 40 very low birthweight infants (VLBW < 1500 Gm) was examined. At birth 85% of the infants had a head circumference below the 10th percentile for gestational age (SHA) whereas by 40 weeks CA the proportion of infants whose heads remained SHA fell to 60%. At 7 months of age corrected for term gestation 83% of the VLBW infants had achieved normal head circumference. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to all the infants at 7 months corrected age. The Mental Developmental Index (MDI) was less than 90 in 56% of the babies SHA at birth and in 60% of the AHA infants. By contrast, MDI less than 90 was found in 71% of the infants SHA at 40 weeks as compared to 23% of the infants AHA at 40 weeks (P<0.05). Regardless of subsequent attainment of normal head circumference, failure of head size to reach normal limits by 40 weeks conceptional age in VLBW infants carries with it a relatively poor prognosis for normal development at 7 months.
Ancestral Niagara River drainage: Stratigraphic and paleontologic setting

The modern Niagara River was initiated as a multi-outlet river-lake system following the last ice retreat from the area about 12,300 yr B.P. This system extended from Early Lake Erie to the contemporaneously formed Glacial Lake Iroquois in the Ontario basin. The last major ice advance and one subsequent glacial oscillation associated with the ice retreat are recorded in sequences of glaciolacustrine deposits and till along the present Gorge wall and within older bedrock spillways. Dated wood overlying Iroquois silts and till within the Lockport spillway, east of Niagara, suggest that the multi-outlet (Lake Tonawanda) phase of the drainage ceased about 10,900 yr B.P. with concentration of the outflow, and hence major gorge recession, at Lewiston. Radiocarbon analysis of mollusks from river gravels at the top of the Niagara Gorge at Whirlpool Park indicate that cataract recession from Lewiston to this site of intersection with the much older buried St. Davids Gorge occurred after 9800 yr B.P. Lake Tonawanda persisted near the present site of Niagara Falls until about 1,000 yr ago; however, dated mollusks imply that deposition here was interrupted by intense scouring shortly before 3800 yr B.P., which may have been a response to the closing of the North Bay outlet of the upper Great Lakes and consequent large increase in discharge through Lake Erie. Mollusks which occur in the ancient Niagara River gravels are well preserved and distinctly zoned. The Lake Tonawanda fauna, heretofore undescribed, includes about 15 species, all of which are extant in the region.
Heats of Formation and Bond Dissociation Energies of the Halosilanes, Methylhalosilanes, and Halomethylsilanes

Atomization energies at 0 K and heats of formation at 0 and 298 K are predicted for SiH(3)X, SiH(2)XCH(3), and SiH(3)CH(2)X with X = F, Cl, Br, and I from coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)) calculations with effective core potential correlation-consistent basis sets for Br and I. To achieve near chemical accuracy (+/-1 kcal/mol), three corrections were added to the complete basis set binding energies based on frozen core coupled cluster theory energies: a correction for core-valence effects, a correction for scalar relativistic effects, and a correction for first order atomic spin-orbit effects. Vibrational zero point energies were computed at the CCSD(T) level of theory and the C-H and Si-H stretches scaled to experiment. The C-H, Si-H, Si-C, C-X, and Si-X (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) bond dissociation energies (BDEs) in the halosilanes, halomethysilanes, and methylhalosilanes were predicted. Except for methyliodosilane, methyl substitution leads to an increase in Si-X BDE when compared to the Si-X BDE in the halosilanes. Except for methyliodosilane, halide substitution leads to an increase in the Si-C BDE in comparison to the Si-C BDE in methylsilane of 86.9 kcal/mol at 0 K. Unlike the methylhalosilanes, the halomethylsilanes all show a decrease in the Si-C BDE when compared to the Si-C BDE in methylsilane. The trends correlate with the electronegativity of the substituent.
Automatic Segmentation of Right Ventricle on Ultrasound Images Using Sparse Matrix Transform and Level Set

An automatic framework is proposed to segment right ventricle on ultrasound images. This method can automatically segment both epicardial and endocardial boundaries from a continuous echocardiography series by combining sparse matrix transform (SMT), a training model, and a localized region based level set. First, the sparse matrix transform extracts main motion regions of myocardium as eigenimages by analyzing statistical information of these images. Second, a training model of right ventricle is registered to the extracted eigenimages in order to automatically detect the main location of the right ventricle and the corresponding transform relationship between the training model and the SMT-extracted results in the series. Third, the training model is then adjusted as an adapted initialization for the segmentation of each image in the series. Finally, based on the adapted initializations, a localized region based level set algorithm is applied to segment both epicardial and endocardial boundaries of the right ventricle from the whole series. Experimental results from real subject data validated the performance of the proposed framework in segmenting right ventricle from echocardiography. The mean Dice scores for both epicardial and endocardial boundaries are 89.1%±2.3% and 83.6±7.3%, respectively. The automatic segmentation method based on sparse matrix transform and level set can provide a useful tool for quantitative cardiac imaging.
The effects of temperature on the metabolic rate and evaporative water loss of the sage sparrow Amphispiza belli nevadensis

Abstract 1. 1. The thermoneutral zone of the sage sparrow, Amphispiza belli nevadensis, extended from ca. 28 to 37°C. The standard metabolic rate at 35°C was 7·41 kcal/day (mean body wt. = 18·6 g 2. 2. The temperature coefficient (5·8 per cent) and thermal conductance (3·96 kcal/m2 per hr per °C) were relatively high, indicating poor insulation which is adaptive for desert existence. 3. 3. Between 10 and 35°C the rate of evaporative water loss was constant and averaged 6·7 mg H2O/g per hr. Evaporative cooling began above 35°C. 4. 4. At high temperatures (43°C) and low humidities (25 per cent) sage sparrows dissipate up to 110 per cent of their metabolic heat production by evaporative cooling. 5. 5. The heat dissipating characteristics and evaporative cooling efficiency of the sage sparrow are somewhat less than in other desert birds.
Grid cell hexagonal patterns formed by fast self-organized learning within entorhinal cortex.

Grid cells in the dorsal segment of the medial entorhinal cortex (dMEC) show remarkable hexagonal activity patterns, at multiple spatial scales, during spatial navigation. It has previously been shown how a self-organizing map can convert firing patterns across entorhinal grid cells into hippocampal place cells that are capable of representing much larger spatial scales. Can grid cell firing fields also arise during navigation through learning within a self-organizing map? This article describes a simple and general mathematical property of the trigonometry of spatial navigation which favors hexagonal patterns. The article also develops a neural model that can learn to exploit this trigonometric relationship. This GRIDSmap self-organizing map model converts path integration signals into hexagonal grid cell patterns of multiple scales. GRIDSmap creates only grid cell firing patterns with the observed hexagonal structure, predicts how these hexagonal patterns can be learned from experience, and can process biologically plausible neural input and output signals during navigation. These results support an emerging unified computational framework based on a hierarchy of self-organizing maps for explaining how entorhinal-hippocampal interactions support spatial navigation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Victorian Lessons in Empathy and Difference

Rebecca N. Mitchell, Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University Press, 2011, xii +153 pp, illustrated, $42.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-814-21162-5 Rebecca Mitchell begins Victorian Lessons in Empathy and D...
Tunable resistive m-dPEG acid patterns on polyelectrolyte, multilayers at physiological conditions: Template for directed deposition of biomacromolecules

This paper describes a new class of salt-responsive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on top of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEMs) films. PEM surfaces with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as the topmost layer are chemically patterned by microcontact printing (μCP) oligomeric PEG molecules with an activated carboxylic acid terminal group (m-dPEG acid). The resistive m-d-poly(ethylene glycol) (m-dPEG) acid molecules on the PEMs films were subsequently removed from the PEM surface with salt treatment, thus converting the nonadhesive surfaces into adhesive surfaces. The resistive PEG patterns facilitate the directed deposition of various macromolecules such as polymers, dyes, colloidal particles, proteins, liposomes, and nucleic acids. Further, these PEG patterns act as a universal resist for different types of cells (e.g., primary cells, cell lines), thus permitting more flexibility in attaching a wide variety of cells to material surfaces. The patterned films were characterized by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The PEG patterns were removed from the PEM surface at certain salt conditions without affecting the PEM films underneath the SAMs. Removal of the PEG SAMs and the stability of the PEM films underneath it were characterized with ellipsometry and optical microscopy. Such salt- and pH-responsive surfaces could lead to significant advances in the fields of tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, materials science, and biology.
Principal Stratification for Causal Inference With Extended Partial Compliance

Many double-blind placebo-controlled randomized experiments with active drugs suffer from complications beyond simple noncompliance. First, the compliance with assigned dose is often partial, with ...
Binding of [3H]saxitoxin to head membrane preparations from susceptible and knockdown-resistant house flies

Abstract The specific binding of [ 3 H]saxitoxin ([ 3 H]STX) was determined using a subcellular preparation from house fly heads enriched in neuronal membranes. [ 3 H]STX bound to a single class of saturable, high-affinity noninteracting sites in membranes from insecticide-susceptible (NAIDM strain) flies with an equilibrium dissociation constant ( K D ) of 0.55 n M and a capacity at saturation ( B max ) of 0.53 fmol/mg head equivalents of membranes. The properties of the [ 3 H]STX site in knockdown-resistant flies (538ge strain, homozygous for the kdr trait and visible genetic markers on autosome 3) were virtually identical to those measured in preparations from susceptible insects ( K D = 0.56 n M ; B max = 0.49 fmol/mg head equivalents). In both strains, binding at near-saturating concentrations increased slightly with increases in assay temperature from 4 to 37°C, whereas binding at 0.5 n M [ 3 H]STX, a concentration close to the measured K D at 4°C, declined across the same range of assay temperatures. The identical properties of the [ 3 H]STX binding sites from both house fly strains refute the hypothesis that resistance to DDT and pyrethroids in kdr house flies results from a reduced number of sodium channel target sites for these compounds in nerve membranes.
Hybrid Large-Eddy/Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of Flow Through a Model Scramjet

The reactive flow through a model scramjet combustor is simulated using a hybrid large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes technique. The scramjet configuration considered is similar to the one investigated at the Institute for Chemical Propulsion of the DLR, German Aerospace Center. The model scramjet consists of 15 fuel-injecting holes, located on the base of a wedge-shaped fuel injector, through which hydrogen is injected at sonic conditions. In the present study, only five of the 15 fuel-injecting holes are considered, and periodicity is assumed in the spanwise direction. Several parametric studies are conducted with a view toward determining the sensitivities of the predictions to modeling and algorithmic variations. Different grids (two different topologies), flux reconstruction methods (total variation diminishing and piecewise parabolic method), reaction mechanisms, and inflow boundary conditions (uniform and nonuniform) are used. To enhance fuel–air mixing, a synthetic eddy method is used to gen...
Abyssopelagic fauna in the central North Pacific: comparison of acoustic detection and trawl and baited trap collections to 5800 m

Abstract An integrated study using an acoustic array, opening-closing trawl and baited traps was conducted at an abyssal station in the central North Pacific (31°N, 159°W) to further characterize the near-bottom community. Two split-beam line arrays with beam patterns narrow in the vertical and omnidirectional in the horizontal were moored at 100 and 600 m above bottom (mab), sampling an insonified volume of 7855 m 3 each. In addition, a multiple opening-closing trawl (10 m 2 mouth opening) and baited traps were used to sample the fauna up to 1800 mab. Fourteen deployments of the acoustic arrays during two cruises detected 26 targets, with twice as many at 100 mab as at 600 mab (2.10 vs 0.97 targets h −1 ). Backscatter strengths for acoustic targets ranged from −57.2 to −26.8 dB. A total of 31 species, at least eight previously undescribed, were identified from trawl and trap collections within 1800 m of the sea floor. Of these new species, four of the decapod genus Hymenodora and one eel, Monognathus rosenblatti , were the most abundant animals collected by trawl. Other species commonly collected in baited traps included Acanthephyra quadrispinosa (Crustacea, Decapoda), Eurythenes gryllus (Crustacea, Amphipoda), and Coryphaenoides yaquinae (Osteichthyes, Macrouridae). Acoustic target abundances ranged from 0 to 1.6 animals per 10 5 m 3 per deployment, while values measured with the trawl ranged from 1.4 to 11.9 animals per 10 5 m 3 . Biomass of the acoustic targets, estimated using a tentative identification based on size, and a series of regressions based on target strength and animal length and weight, ranged from 0 to 72.3 g wet weight per 10 5 m 3 . Biomass estimates from the trawl samples ranged from 0.2 to 6.7 g wet weight per 10 5 m 3 . The large number of new species collected during this study and the variability in sampling sparse populations using three different sampling techniques illustrate how little we know about the abyssopelagic community.
SAXS Study of the Nucleation of Glycine Crystals from a Supersaturated Solution

Nucleation of crystalline solids, the first stage of crystallization from solution, is not yet fully understood. This is true for both small molecules of low molecular weight and more complicated l...
Salivary neoplasms: Overview of a 35‐year experience with 2,807 patients

We have reviewed a 35-year experience with 2,807 patients treated for salivary tumors which arose in the parotid gland (1,695 patients; 70%), submandibular gland (235 patients; 8%), and seromucinous glands of the upper aerodigestive tract (607 patients; 22%). Pleomorphic adenomas comprised 45% of the total, most of which occurred in the parotid gland. The clinical findings and the distribution of patients according to the histology and the site of origin are summarized. Treatment was surgical and the resection was conservative when possible, depending upon the extent of the tumor. The impact of site, histology, grade, and tumor stage on the results is shown.
Creating Liquidity out of Spatial Fixity: The Secondary Circuit of Capital and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis

Since the classic work of Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey, the ‘secondary circuit of capital’ has been a focal point for debate among critical urban scholars. Against the background of contemporary debates on financialization, this article investigates the institutional and political roots of the subprime mortgage crisis. Empirically, the article situates the current turmoil of the US mortgage sector with reference to a series of ad hoc legal and regulatory actions taken since the 1980s to promote the securitization of mortgages and expand the secondary mortgage market. Securitization is a process of converting illiquid assets into transparent securities and is a critical component of the financialization of real estate markets and investment. Specifically, I examine the crucial role played by the US Treasury Department's Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in creating the polices and legal-regulatory conditions that have nurtured the growth of a market for securitizing subprime loans. Theoretically, the article examines the subprime mortgage crisis as an illustration of the contradictions of capital circulation as expressed in the tendency of capital to annihilate space through time. Resume Depuis les travaux de reference d’Henri Lefebvre et de David Harvey, le ‘circuit secondaire des capitaux’ a suscite de nombreuses discussions entre specialistes critiques de la ville. Avec en toile de fond les debats contemporains sur la financiarisation, cet article etudie les racines institutionnelles et politiques de la crise des subprimes . Sur le plan empirique, il situe le bouleversement actuel du secteur americain des prets hypothecaires par rapport a une serie de mesures de Droit et de reglementations specifiques adoptees depuis les annees 1980 pour promouvoir la titrisation et le marche secondaire des credits hypothecaires. La titrisation, qui permet de convertir des actifs peu liquides en valeurs mobilieres transparentes, est une composante essentielle de la financiarisation de l’investissement et des marches immobiliers. Une attention particuliere est accordee au role crucial qu’ont joue, aux Etats-Unis, l’autorite de surveillance des banques relevant du ministere des Finances (OCC), ainsi que le ministere du Logement et de l’Urbanisme (HUD), dans la creation des cadres et des conditions juridico-reglementaires qui ont nourri l’essor du marche de la titrisation des prets hypothecaires a risque. Sur le plan theorique, l’article analyse la crise des subprimes comme une illustration des contractions de la circulation des capitaux, ces derniers tendant a aneantir l’espace par le temps.
In Vitro Enhancement of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activity by Phosphorylated Glia Maturation Factor

We previously demonstrated that glia maturation factor (GMF), a 17-kDa brain protein, can be phosphorylated in test tube by several protein kinases, and that endogenous GMF is rapidly phosphorylated upon stimulation of astrocytes by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. We further observed that protein kinase A (PKA)-phosphorylated GMF is a potent inhibitor (IC50 = 3 nM) of the ERK1/ERK2 (p44/p42) subfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. We now report that, by contrast, PKA-phosphorylated GMF strongly enhances the activity of a related but distinct subfamily of MAP kinase, the p38 MAP kinase, showing an increase of 60-fold over baseline and an EC50 of 7 nM. Non-phosphorylated GMF or GMF phosphorylated by other kinases exhibits only minimal effect. The intracellular interaction of PKA, GMF, and p38 is supported by the phosphorylation of GMF upon cellular stimulation by forskolin (blocked by PKA inhibitor) and by the co-immunoprecipitation of p38 with GMF from cell lysates. Withdrawal of nerve growth factor from PC12 leads to increased GMF phosphorylation with a time course similar to that reported for p38 activation. The results correlate well with a previous report that ERK and p38 carry out opposing functions and implicate GMF as a regulator of major cellular events.
Fine-needle aspiration of epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (epithelioid malignant schwannoma).

The epithelioid variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), also known as malignant epithelioid schwannoma, is a relatively rare and recently characterized clinicopathologic entity. The epithelioid variant of MPNST shares many clinical features with conventional MPNST but is characterized by different histologic and cytologic features. These include a distinctive nesting pattern and an abundance of cytoplasm not seen in histology of conventional nerve sheath tumors. Cytologically, the epitheliod variant shows a propensity to cellular discohesiveness and a plasmacytoid or epitheliod appearance that is in contradistinction to the spindled appearance of the usual MPNST. Herein, we report our experience with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of two epithelioid malignant schwannomas and discuss the FNA cytologic differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1997;17:200–204. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An epidemiological study of left ventricular hypertrophy in the biracial population of Evans County, Georgia.

Abstract This study examines the prevalence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (L.V.H./ECG) and assesses its prognostic significance using total deaths over a 9–12 yr follow up period as the end point. Minnesota Code 3-1 (MC 3-1) is the criterion used for L.V.H./ECG. There is a strong relationship between the prevalence of MC 3-1 and increasing blood pressure. The age specific prevalence of MC 3-1 is two to three times higher in blacks than in whites at comparable levels of blood pressure. These differences cannot be accounted for by racial differences in the distribution of possible confounding factors examined in this study. MC 3-1 in the presence of hypertension is associated with an excess (but statistically not significant) risk of death in all four race-sex groups.
Residue depletion of tritium-labeled ivermectin in rainbow trout following oral administration

Abstract The residue depletion and metabolism of tritium-labeled ivermectin were studied in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout following oral treatment. Fish were administered 3H-ivermectin at the dose level of 0.1 mg/kg of body weight (9.25 μCi) in a gel-capsule via stomach tube. At each of the following withdrawal times 6 fish were sedated with MS-222, euthanatized, bled, scaled and fillets with adhering skin and bile collected: 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 35 and 42 days. The muscle tissues were homogenized in dry ice and analyzed for total radioactive residues (TRR) by sample oxidation. The homogenized tissue was further extracted with acetonitrile for residue characterization by high pressure liquid chromatography (LC). Maximum TRR of 71 ng/g and 3857 ng/mL (ivermectin equivalent concentration) were detected in muscle and bile, respectively, by sample oxidation on post-dose day 3. LC analysis of the muscle extract revealed that the maximum TRR of 55 ng/g (representing ivermectin and metabolites) was also detected on post-dose day 3. By post-dose day 35, about 65% of the TRR in the muscle tissue was an unknown metabolite. Preliminary mass spectrometry results indicated that the unknown metabolite may be 3″-O-demethyl-ivermectin B1a. This metabolite could serve as a potential marker residue for ivermectin in rainbow trout, in contrast to cattle, swine and sheep where the parent ivermectin is known to be the marker residue.
Discrepancies between Micellar Molecular Weights by Number-Average and Weight-Average Methods

IN recent years, light-scattering techniques have been widely used for the determination of micellar molecular weights. On the other hand, a few workers1–3 have chosen to make such determinations through measurement of colligative properties, in particular, by measurement of the lowering of the vapour pressure.
Observations of GRBs with the Explosive Transient Camera

The Explosive Transient Camera (ETC) has been performing automatic observations of the night sky since 1990. Since the launch of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, the times and localizations ofγ-ray bursts detected by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) have been compared with ETC observations to determine whether the ETC had observed a γ-ray burst in progress. To date, six temporal and spatial correlations have been found, but no new optical radiation has been detected. In this paper, we present current results of ETC/BATSE correlated observations and describe plans for future observations.
The Logic of Paul's Argument on the Curse of the Law in Galatians 3:10-14

Quel est l'argument logique que saint Paul utilise a propos de la malediction de la la Loi dans son Epitre aux Galates ? Ou pour etre plus precis : quelle est la logique que soutend cette argumentation ? Pour repondre a ces questions, l'A. propose une exegese de Galates 3 : 10-14 pour comprendre ce que recouvre cette fameuse malediction de la Loi qui decoule directement de l'AT (cf Deuteronome). C'est pourquoi il procede aussi a l'analyse du contexte general de la pericope. Le reste de l'article est consacre a la pericope
Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis-like changes in the joints of mice deficient in type IX collagen.

Objective To examine the pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA)–like changes in Col9a1−/− mice, which are deficient in type IX collagen. Methods Knee joints and temporomandibular joints (TMJs) from Col9a1−/− mice and their wild-type (Col9a1+/+) littermates were examined by light microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and MMP-13, degraded type II collagen, and the discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR-2) in knee joints. Cartilage mechanics were also evaluated for compressive properties by microindentation testing of the tibial plateau and for tensile properties by osmotic loading of the femoral condyle. Results Histologic analysis showed age-dependent OA-like changes in the knee and TMJs of Col9a1−/− mice starting at the age of 3 months. At the age of 6 months, enhanced proteoglycan degradation was observed in the articular cartilage of the knee and TMJs of the mutant mice. The expression of MMP-13 and DDR-2 protein and the amount of degraded type II collagen were higher in the knee joints of Col9a1−/− mice than in their wild-type littermates at the age of 6 months. Changes in cartilage mechanics were observed in the femoral and tibial plateaus of Col9a1−/− mice at 6 months, including a decrease in the compressive modulus and uniaxial modulus. At 3 and 6 months of age, tibial cartilage in Col9a1−/− mice was found to be more permeable to fluid flow, with an associated compromise in the fluid pressurization mechanism of load support. All of these changes occurred only at medial sites. Conclusion Lack of type IX collagen in Col9a1−/− mice results in age-dependent OA-like changes in the knee joints and TMJs.
Fibrin Networks Regulate Protein Transport during Thrombus Development

Thromboembolic disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the last several years there have been a number of studies attempting to identify mechanisms that stop thrombus growth. This paper identifies a novel mechanism related to formation of a fibrin cap. In particular, protein transport through a fibrin network, an important component of a thrombus, was studied by integrating experiments with model simulations. The network permeability and the protein diffusivity were shown to be important factors determining the transport of proteins through the fibrin network. Our previous in vivo studies in mice have shown that stabilized non-occluding thrombi are covered by a fibrin network (‘fibrin cap’). Model simulations, calibrated using experiments in microfluidic devices and accounting for the permeable structure of the fibrin cap, demonstrated that thrombin generated inside the thrombus was washed downstream through the fibrin network, thus limiting exposure of platelets on the thrombus surface to thrombin. Moreover, by restricting the approach of resting platelets in the flowing blood to the thrombus core, the fibrin cap impaired platelets from reaching regions of high thrombin concentration necessary for platelet activation and limited thrombus growth. The formation of a fibrin cap prevents small thrombi that frequently develop in the absence of major injury in the 60000 km of vessels in the body from developing into life threatening events.
Energy Scheming 2.5: Software for Architectural Design with Energy

(1998). Energy Scheming 2.5: Software for Architectural Design with Energy. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 206-209.
A choice of one's own research advance directives: anticipatory planning for research subjects with fluctuating or prospective decisionmaking impairments.

Mental disorders that may affect decisionmaking capacity, like schizophrenia, have a deleterious effect not only on persons who are afflicted with the disorders but also on their families, their friends, and their communities. Realizing research to develop generalizable knowledge that may benefit this heterogeneous population is crucial. The moral challenge is to fashion processes that both respect research subjects’ autonomy and protect their wellbeing. Research advance directives may provide a mechanism that authorizes potential research subjects to make choices of their own regarding whether they wish to participate in a research protocol, to choose and appoint a surrogate decision maker, and to secure an array of protections for themselves should they lose their decisionmaking capacity during the period of the research protocol. Such research advance directives may be used by persons with fluctuating, limited or prospective decisionmaking impairments.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients have a steep left ventricle to aortic root angle compared to normal as demonstrated on 3-D Tomographic Imaging: a case-control study

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by disproportionate left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, which cannot be attributed to other concomitant cardiac or systemic diseases. HCM can result in accelerated cardiac remodelling; thus affecting the pathophysiology of the disease. Because of an increased utilization of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the diagnosis and management of HCM, we have observed that a subgroup of HCM patients had a steep LV to aortic root angle (LVARA, Figure ​Figure11). Open in a separate window Figure 1 Quantification of LVARA using the 5 chamber view.
The Role of Exercise Self-Efficacy, Perceived Exertion, Event-Related Stress, and Demographic Factors in Predicting Physical Activity among College Freshmen.

Objectives: The focus of this study was to examine the relationship among precursors to physical activity, including exercise self-efficacy, perceived exertion, stress, and demographic factors, among college students.Design: This study employed an associational design.Setting: The study population was college freshmen in southeast Louisiana who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years.Method: A path analysis was used to examine the strength and directional relationship among variables depicted in Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) and to determine the structure of the relationships among the variables in the conceptual map. Path coefficients were used to determine whether the independent variables (exercise self-efficacy, stress, perceived exertion, demographic factors) as depicted in the path diagram made a unique contribution to predicting physical activity (dependent variable) or if the relationships between stress, perceived exertion, and physical activity, are mediated by exercise self-efficacy.Re...
Dating Works of Art through Their Natural Radioactivity: Improvements and Applications

The method for approximately dating white lead, which is based upon the decay of lead-210 present in recently refined lead, has been modified to circumvent potential interferences. The modified method has been applied to additional samples of known age and finds increased utility through special treatment of the obtained data. The method was also successfuilly applied to a number of interesting problems of authentication.
New solids and surfaces, via coordination chemistry

Abstract Coordination chemistry represents an attractive means for forming well-ordered surface multilayer films and crystalline three-dimensional networks. The preferred bonding geometries of metals and ligands dictate the structures of these layered and framework solids. Ligand substitution rates of metal ions vary over some 15 orders of magnitude, and this property can be used to make bond formation irreversible (in layered films) or reversible (in framework solids, allowing ‘annealing’ of the lattice). The lamellar Hofmann clathrates, M(BL)M'(CN)4, where M and M' are divalent metal ions (Ru2+ and Ni2+, respectively) and BL is a bridging ligand, such as 4,4′-bipyridine, can be grown layer-by-layer oh surfaces using a three-step adsorption sequence. Bulk solids that resemble ‘expanded’ perovskite can be grown from octahedrally coordinated ions such as Cd2+ and a bridging phenylenediamine ligand. Preliminary structural data on solids prepared from tetrahedral Cu+ cations in combination with bent bridging ligands, intended to mimic the coordination of oxygen in silicate structures, are also described.
Quantum computing with complex instruction sets

In most current quantum computers simple electromagnetic pulses implement computations using a minimal set of universal gates. We propose an approach in which quantum control techniques combined with flexible electromagnetic pulse shaping are used to replace several universal gates with a single instruction. We show that this complex instruction set approach can significantly reduce the time required to perform quantum computations.
Stereoselective Synthesis of N-Augenyl Lactams

Abstract The acid catalyzed condensation of lactams and aldehydes is a facile and highly stereoselective preparative route to a wide variety of N-alkenyl lactams of various ring sizes, and it is compatible with a useful range of aldehydes.
Synthesis, Structures, Bonding, and Ethylene Reactivity of Group 4 Metal Alkyl Complexes Incorporating 8-Quinolinolato Ligands

This contribution describes the synthesis, structures, bonding, and reactivity of neutral (Ox)2MR2 and cationic (Ox)2MR+ zirconium and hafnium alkyl complexes which contain substituted 8-quinolinolato ligands (Ox- = 2-Me-8-quinolinolato, MeOx-, 2; 2-Me-5,7-Br2-8-quinolinolato, MeBr2Ox-, 3). Alkane elimination and halide displacement reactions provide routes to (MeOx)2ZrR2 (9a, R = CH2Ph; 9b, R = CH2CMe3; 9c, R = CH2SiMe3), (MeOx)2Hf(CH2Ph)2 (10a), (MeBr2Ox)2ZrR2 (11a, R = CH2Ph; 11b, R = CH2CMe3), (MeBr2Ox)2Hf(CH2Ph)2 (14a), (MeOx)2ZrCl2 (15), (MeBr2Ox)2ZrCl2 (16), and (MeBr2Ox)2Zr(NMe2)2 (17). The reaction of 16, 17, or (MeBr2Ox)4Zr with AlMe3 yields (MeBr2Ox)AlMe2 (18). An X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that in the solid state 9a adopts a distorted octahedral structure with a trans-O, cis-N, cis-R ligand arrangement and that one of the benzyl ligands is bonded in an η2-fashion. Solution NMR data are consistent with this structure and establish that exchange of the distorted and normal benzyl liga...
The Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly: a description of methods.

Abstract Objectives To describe the methods of a longitudinal cohort study among older adults with preclinical disability. The study aims to address the lack of evidence guiding mobility rehabilitation for older adults by identifying those impairments and impairment combinations that are most responsible for mobility decline and disability progression over 2 years of follow-up. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting Metropolitan-based health care system. Participants Community-dwelling primary care patients aged ≥65 years (N=430), with self-reported modification of mobility tasks because of underlying health conditions. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) (primary outcome); Short Physical Performance Battery and 400-m walk test (secondary outcomes). Results Among 7403 primary care patients identified as being potentially eligible for participation, 430 were enrolled. Participants have a mean age of 76.5 years, are 68% women, and have on average 4.2 chronic conditions. Mean LLFDI scores are 55.5 for Function and 68.9 and 52.3 for the Disability Limitation and Frequency domains, respectively. Conclusions Completion of our study aims will inform development of primary care–based rehabilitative strategies to prevent disability. Additionally, data generated in this investigation can also serve as a vital resource for ancillary studies addressing important questions in rehabilitative science relevant to geriatric care.
Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections for 200- and 400-keV Electrons

With 200- and 400-keV electrons incident on thin targets of aluminum, copper, tin, and gold, experimental data are given for the pulse-height distributions produced in a silicon detector by the electrons scattered at angles of 40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. These distributions were analyzed to determine the inelastic cross sections integrated over the energies of the scattered electrons in the energy region below the elastic peak. This lower energy region involves energy transfers that are large compared to the atomic binding energies, and most probably involves atomic ionization processes. The results show that these inelastic scattering cross sections increase sharply for angles larger than 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, so that the ratio of the inelastic to the elastic cross sections becomes larger than unity. In addition, these large-angle inelastic cross sections increase with the atomic number of the target and with the average binding energy per target electron. Because of the unavailability of accurate calculations for this process, comparisons are made with the M$\mathrm{l}$ler cross sections for electron-electron scattering in order to demonstrate how atomic binding effects influence large-angle inelastic scattering.