cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of nitric oxide in memory is modulated by diurnal time

Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play an important neuromodulatory role in the olfactory system. This modulation has been suggested to be particularly important for olfactory learning and memory in the antennal lobe (the primary olfactory network in invertebrates). We are using the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, to further investigate the role of NO in olfactory memory. Recent findings suggest that NO affects short-term memory traces and that NO concentration fluctuates with the light cycle. This gives rise to the hypothesis that NO may be involved in the connection between memory and circadian rhythms. In this study, we explore the role of diurnal time and NO in memory by altering the time of day when associative-olfactory conditioning is performed. We find a strong effect of NO on short-term memory, and two surprising effects of diurnal time. We find that (1) at certain time points, NO affects longer traces of memory in addition to short-term memory; and (2) when conditioning is performed close to the light cycle switches—both from light to dark and dark to light—NO does not significantly affect memory at all. These findings suggest an intriguing functional role for NO in olfactory conditioning that is modulated as a function of diurnal time.
A Strategy for Managing Conflict in Complex Organizations

The management of organizational conflict involves the diagnosis of and intervention in conflict at intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup levels. A diagnosis should indicate whether there is need for intervention and the type of intervention needed. In general, an intervention is designed to attain and maintain a moderate amount of conflict a various levels and to enable the organizational members to learn the styles of handling interpersonal conflict so that the individual, group, and overall organizational effectiveness are enhanced.
Energy aware computing through probabilistic switching: a study of limits

The main result in this paper establishes the energy savings derived by using probabilistic AND as well as NOT gates constructed from an idealized switch that produces a probabilistic bit (PBIT). A probabilistic switch produces the desired value as an output that is 0 or 1 with probability p, represented as a PBIT, and, hence, can produce the wrong output value with a probability of (1-p). In contrast with a probabilistic switch, a conventional deterministic switch produces a BIT whose value is always correct. Our switch-based gate constructions are a particular case of a systematic methodology developed for building energy-aware networks for computing, using PBITS. Interesting examples of such networks include AND, OR, and NOT gates (or, as functions, Boolean conjunction, disjunction, and negation, respectively). To quantify the energy savings, novel measures of "technology independent" energy complexity are also introduced - these measures parallel conventional machine-independent notions of computational complexity such as the algorithm's running time and space. Networks of switches can be related to Turing machines and to Boolean circuits, both of which are widely known and well-understood models of computation. Our gate and network constructions lend substance to the following thesis (established for the first time by K.V. Palem): the mathematical technique referred to as randomization yielding probabilistic algorithms results in energy savings through a physical interpretation based on statistical thermodynamics and, hence, can serve as a basis for energy-aware computing. While the estimates of the energy saved through PBIT-based probabilistic computing switches and networks developed rely on the constructs and thermodynamic models due to Boltzmann, Gibbs, and Planck, this work has also led to the innovation of probabilistic CMOS-based devices and computing frameworks. Thus, for completeness, the relationship between the physical models on which this work is based and the electrical domain of CMOS-based switching is discussed.
My Entirely Plausible Fantasy: Early Mathematics Education in the Age of the Touchscreen Computer

This paper offers an account of what early mathematics education could look like in an age of young digital natives. Each “Tubby,” as the tablets are called, presents Nicole (our generic little child) with stimulating mathematics microworlds, from which, beginning at age 3, she can learn basic math concepts, as well as methods of calculation and number facts. Tubby presents Nicole with mathematics story books, which both she and her adult readers will enjoy. Tubby also offers guidance to parents and teachers on how to promote Nicole’s math learning. On entrance to school, Nicole, along with her peers, experience an organized curriculum that includes real world activities, mathematics microworlds, interactive storybooks, and a textbook, all residing in peace and harmony within Tubby. Tubby has enough energy to help Ben, Nicole’s teacher, to engage in multimedia pedagogy. Finally, Tubby conducts stealth assessment that provides Ben with actionable information on how to tailor his teaching to individual students and also eliminates the need for standardized achievement tests. The virtual world I have described is an attainable fantasy. But the real world stands in the way of the virtual. Without massive investments in professional development and teacher pay, and without a commitment to guarantee high quality education for all children, Tubby will dissolve into virtual nothingness.
State College Readiness Initiatives and Community Colleges.

This chapter traces the author's work in developing California State University's Early Assessment Program, an initiative that aligned eleventh-grade performance standards, new English and mathematics curriculum, and teacher education and professional development opportunities to prepare students to meet the state university entrance requirements.
When Epidemiology Meets the Internet: Web-based Surveys in the Millennium Cohort Study

Almost 60% of American households were connected to the Internet in 2001, when the Millennium Cohort Study, the largest longitudinal study ever undertaken by the Department of Defense, was launched. To facilitate survey completion, increase data integrity, and encourage cohort retention while maintaining the highest standards of participant privacy, an online questionnaire was made available on the World Wide Web in addition to a traditional paper questionnaire sent via US mail. Over 50% of 77,047 participants chose to enroll in the study via the Web, affording substantial cost savings to the project. Using multivariable logistic regression, the authors compared the demographic and health characteristics of Web responders with those of paper responders. Web responders were slightly more likely to be male, to be younger, to have a high school diploma or college degree, and to work in information technology or another technical occupation. Web responders were more likely to be obese and to smoke more cigarettes and were less likely to be problem alcohol drinkers and to report occupational exposures. Question completion rates were 98.3%, on average, for both Web and paper responders. Web responders provided more complete contact information, including their e-mail addresses. These results demonstrate the value of survey research conducted over the Internet in concert with traditional mail survey strategies.
The exponential convergence of Bayesian learning in normal form games

Abstract This paper continues the study of Bayesian learning processes for general finite-player, finite-strategy normal form games. Bayesian learning was introduced in an earlier paper by the present author as an iterative mechanism by which players can learn Nash equilibria. The main result of the present paper is that if prior beliefs are sufficiently uniform and expectations converge to a “regular” Nash equilibrium, then the rate of convergence is exponential.
Integration of Aortic Nerve Inputs in Hypertensive Rats

The integration of arterial baroreceptor afferent inputs was studied in renal wrap hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) rats. In anesthetized and paralyzed rats, aortic nerve (AN)-evoked depressor responses were reduced in HT compared with NT rats (P<0.05). We tested the hypothesis that the attenuated baroreflex was associated with altered integration of baroreceptor inputs within the nucleus of the solitary tract. Based on onset latency and the ability of monosynaptic neurons (MSNs) to respond to each of 2 AN stimuli separated by 5 ms, cells in HT and NT rats were divided into 3 groups: short-latency MSNs (SLMSNs), long-latency MSNs (LLMSNs), and polysynaptic neurons (PSNs). A higher percentage of PSNs (73% versus 61%) and a lower percentage of SLMSNs (20% versus 27%) or LLMSNs (7% versus 12%) were found in HT rats (P<0.05). In addition, in HT compared with NT rats, the AN onset latency was greater in PSNs (29. 9+/-1.1 versus 26.7+/-0.8 ms) but not in SLMSNs (5.0+/-0.5 versus 5. 0+/-0.3 ms) or LLMSNs (22.9+/-1.2 versus 24.1+/-0.7 ms) (P<0.05). Finally, in HT compared with NT rats, the number of PSNs responding to a single AN stimulus with multiple action potentials was increased (40% versus 19%) (P<0.05). This was not observed in SLMSNs (26% versus 13%) or LLMSNs (12% versus 18%). The results indicate that renal wrap hypertension is associated with reduced AN-evoked depressor responses. There also were alterations in the integration of AN afferent inputs within the nucleus of the solitary tract, and these alterations were most marked in the PSN population.
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone prevents while methylone enhances methamphetamine-induced damage to dopamine nerve endings: β-ketoamphetamine modulation of neurotoxicity by the dopamine transporter.

Methylone, 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and mephedrone are psychoactive ingredients of 'bath salts' and their abuse represents a growing public health care concern. These drugs are cathinone derivatives and are classified chemically as β-ketoamphetamines. Because of their close structural similarity to the amphetamines, methylone, MDPV, and mephedrone share most of their pharmacological, neurochemical, and behavioral properties. One point of divergence in their actions is the ability to cause damage to the CNS. Unlike methamphetamine, the β-ketoamphetamines do not damage dopamine (DA) nerve endings. However, mephedrone has been shown to significantly accentuate methamphetamine neurotoxicity. Bath salt formulations contain numerous different psychoactive ingredients, and individuals who abuse bath salts also coabuse other illicit drugs. Therefore, we have evaluated the effects of methylone, MDPV, mephedrone, and methamphetamine on DA nerve endings. The β-ketoamphetamines alone or in all possible two-drug combinations do not result in damage to DA nerve endings but do cause hyperthermia. MDPV completely protects against the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine while methylone accentuates it. Neither MDPV nor methylone attenuates the hyperthermic effects of methamphetamine. The potent neuroprotective effects of MDPV extend to amphetamine-, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-, and MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. These results indicate that β-ketoamphetamine drugs that are non-substrate blockers of the DA transporter (i.e., MDPV) protect against methamphetamine neurotoxicity, whereas those that are substrates for uptake by the DA transporter and which cause DA release (i.e., methylone, mephedrone) accentuate neurotoxicity. METH (a) enters DA nerve endings via the DAT, causes leakage of DA into the cytoplasm and then into the synapse via DAT-mediated reverse transport. Methylone (METHY) and mephedrone (MEPH; b), like METH, are substrates for the DAT but release DA from cytoplasmic pools selectively. When METH is combined with METHY or MEPH (c), DA efflux and neurotoxicity are enhanced. MDPV (d), which is a non-substrate blocker of the DAT, prevents METH uptake and efflux of DA. Therefore, bath salts that are substrates for the DAT and release DA (METHY, MEPH) accentuate METH neurotoxicity, whereas those that are non-substrate blockers of the DAT (MDPV) are neuroprotective.
Caring across Boundaries versus Keeping Boundaries Intact: Links between Moral Values and Interpersonal Orientations

Prior work has established robust diversity in the extent to which different moral values are endorsed. Some people focus on values related to caring and fairness, whereas others assign additional moral weight to ingroup loyalty, respect for authority and established hierarchies, and purity concerns. Five studies explore associations between endorsement of distinct moral values and a suite of interpersonal orientations: Machiavellianism, prosocial resource distribution, Social Dominance Orientation, and reported likelihood of helping and not helping kin and close friends versus acquaintances and neighbors. We found that Machiavellianism (Studies 1, 3, 4, 5) (e.g., amorality, controlling and status-seeking behaviors) and Social Dominance Orientation (Study 4) were negatively associated with caring values, and positively associated with valuation of authority. Those higher in caring values were more likely to choose prosocial resource distributions (Studies 2, 3, 4) and to report reduced likelihood of failing to help kin/close friends or acquaintances (Study 4). Finally, greater likelihood of helping acquaintances was positively associated with all moral values tested except authority values (Study 4). The current work offers a novel approach to characterizing moral values and reveals a striking divergence between two kinds of moral values in particular: caring values and authority values. Caring values were positively linked with prosociality and negatively associated with Machiavellianism, whereas authority values were positively associated with Machiavellianism and Social Dominance Orientation.
Comments regarding multiple response phenomena in long interstimulus interval conditioning.

When the CS-US interval is longer than the latency of an autonomic response, multiple responses are obtained both during and after the CS-US interval on acquisition test or extinction trials. Certain terminologic, methodologic and conceptual problems concerning this multiple response phenomenon are outlined. A nontheoretical and, we hope, unambiguous terminology is presented. Methodologic problems concerning multiple-response measurement, between- and within- subject designs, trace and delay paradigms, intramodal and intermodal paradigms, and incompleteness of data presentation are discussed. It is felt that empirical analysis of the multiple response phenomenon will have important ramifications for our understanding of autonomic behavior in the classical conditioning situation.
Lifetime exergy consumption of an enterprise server

The energy efficiency of information processing is typically evaluated purely by how much power is consumed during operation. The reality is that the sustainability of energy use for information processing depends on the lifetime exergy (available energy) consumption of the equipment used. This paper explores the lifetime exergy consumption of an enterprise server used in a data center. By combining the disassembly analysis of a server with the aggregation of energy and material data, a more rigorous and useful assessment of the serverpsilas overall impact is acquired. Scenarios involving various server and cooling loads are examined to simulate the variation in exergy consumption between different operating conditions. It is determined that, although the operational and cooling power consumption account for the majority of the lifetime exergy consumption, material extraction and manufacturing exergy costs are still significant. Additionally, the use of different materials can have a significant effect on exergy consumption and should be considered as an important design parameter.
Using Semantic Unification to Generate Regular Expressions from Natural Language

We consider the problem of translating natural language text queries into regular expressions which represent their meaning. The mismatch in the level of abstraction between the natural language representation and the regular expression representation make this a novel and challenging problem. However, a given regular expression can be written in many semantically equivalent forms, and we exploit this flexibility to facilitate translation by finding a form which more directly corresponds to the natural language. We evaluate our technique on a set of natural language queries and their associated regular expressions which we gathered from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Our model substantially outperforms a stateof-the-art semantic parsing baseline, yielding a 29% absolute improvement in accuracy. 1
Handbook of Fractures. 2nd ed.

Kenneth J. Koval and Joseph D. Zuckerman. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002. 426 pages. $49.95. This book provides the reader with a quick reference source for the evaluation and current treatment of fractures. It outlines epidemiology, anatomy, clinical evaluation, current classification schemes, recommended treatment, and complications that occur in association with common fractures. The review covers a wide range of injuries, including spinal fractures, upper and lower extremity fractures, and pediatric fractures. The book …
Interactions of Acetylcholine Receptors with Organic Mercury Compounds

Micromolar concentrations of methylmercury and several organic mercury fungicides were found to block binding of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) to the ACh-receptor of the electric organ of the electric ray, Torpedo ocellata. The same compounds had little or no effect on the catalytic activity of ACh-esterase of the same tissue. [14C]Methyl-mercury bound to the purified ACh-receptor with high affinity (Kd= 7μM) and there were 6.5 ± 0.5 binding sites for each ACh-binding site. Binding of methylmercury was highly cooperative with a Hill coefficient of 2.6. This binding was irreversible by redialysis in methylmercury — free medium, however, the bound [14C]methylmercury was easily displaced from the receptor protein with μM concentrations of BAL or penicillamine. Methylmercury also blocked binding of [3H] nicotine and [3H]pilocarpine to the nicotinic and muscarinic ACh-receptors of the rat brain, respectively. The data suggest that the ACh-receptor may be a target for methylmercury and other organic mercury compounds.
Development of a novel UTE-based method for attenuation correction in PET/MR

2102 Objectives MR-based attenuation correction (AC) in the head is challenging due to the close proximity of bone and air. The goal of this study was to develop an accurate AC method using ultrashort time-to-echo (UTE) images along with a tissue probability map (TPM) and to evaluate it using realistic PET simulations. Methods Dual-echo UTE (TE1/TE2=0.07/2.46 ms) and CT images were acquired from 20 patients. For each patient, an R2* map, the reciprocal of the UTE1 (iUTE), and a tissue probability map (TPM, a map of the frequency of each tissue type constructed from CT images of the remaining patients) were computed. Two segmentation methods, R2s and R2s_TPM, were then performed. In R2s, R2* and iUTE1 were thresholded to segment bone and air spaces, respectively. In R2s_TPM, the R2* and iUTE1 thresholding was performed only in voxels with a >25% probability of bone or air, respectively. Otherwise, the most probable tissue class was assigned. Tissue segmentation performance of both methods was evaluated by computing Dice coefficients (DC) relative to CT-based segmentation (CTseg). PET linear attenuation coefficients (bone = .151, air = 0, tissue = .096 cm-1) were then assigned to each tissue class. PET simulations were conducted from twenty patient-based distributions and percent-error analysis was performed on the reconstructed PET images relative to the gold-standard (Scaled-CT AC). Results The mean DCs (SD) across patients were 0.67 (0.06) and 0.85 (0.03) for bone and 0.60 (0.06) and 0.65 (0.1) for air using R2s and R2s_TPM methods, respectively. The mean (SD) absolute percent-error in whole-brain PET reconstructions across all patients was 3.40% (0.75) for R2s, 2.91% (1.02) for R2s_TPM, and 2.05% (0.81) for CTseg (silver standard). Conclusions We have developed an accurate UTE-based bone/air segmentation method for PET AC that includes a population-based component. This method is quick and can be easily incorporated into the PET/MR work flow.
Helicity of the Proton from Λ 0 Decay

The magnitude of the longitudinal polarization and its sign as determined from the nuclear scattering of decay protons in iron is reported. The LAMBDA /sup 0/ hyperons used in the measurement were produced in a multiplate cloud chamber exposed to 1.2 to 1.9 Bev negative pions from the Brcokhaven Cosmotron. (W.D.M.)
Surgical Patient Safety Outcomes in Critical Access Hospitals: How Do They Compare?

Purpose The aim of the study was to examine whether Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs), the predominant type of hospital in small and isolated rural areas, perform better than, the same as, or worse than Prospective Payment System (PPS) hospitals on measures of quality. Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and American Hospital Association annual survey data were used for analyses. A total of 35,674 discharges from 136 nonfederal general hospitals with fewer than 50 beds were included in the analyses: 14,296 from 100 CAHs and 21,378 from 36 PPS hospitals. Outcome measures included 6 bivariate indicators of adverse events (including complications) of surgical care developed from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Safety Indicators. Multiple logistic regression models were developed to examine the relationship between hospital adverse events and CAH status. Findings Compared with PPS hospitals, CAHs are significantly less likely to have any observed (unadjusted) adverse event on 4 of the 6 indicators. After adjusting for patient mix and hospital characteristics, CAHs perform better on 3 of the 6 indicators. Accounting for the number of discharges eliminated the differences between CAHs and PPS hospitals in the likelihood of adverse events across all indicators except one. Conclusions The study suggests there are no differences in surgical patient safety outcomes between CAHs and PPS hospitals of comparable size. This reinforces the central role of CAHs in providing quality surgical care to populations in rural and isolated areas, and underscores the importance of strategies to sustain rural surgery infrastructure.
Abstract PR05: Low dose aspirin that reduces mortality from lung adenocarcinoma inhibits both platelet COX-1 and the biosynthesis of PGE2

Background: Meta-analysis of the trials evaluating the effect of aspirin on cardiovascular outcomes demonstrated that aspirin prevented mortality from adenocarcinomas by 47% and reduced metastasis by 46%. Equivalent benefit was seen with both high and low doses of aspirin. We hypothesize that low dose aspirin blocks metastasis by inhibiting platelet COX-1 and also by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the pro-metastatic PGE2. Methods and Results: The effect of a range of doses of aspirin on PGE2 biosynthesis in three lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was compared with that in washed platelets. PGE2 was measured by GC/MS. In the cancer cell lines, aspirin inhibits COX-2-dependent PGE2 production with IC50s equivalent to or less than that for platelet COX-1. The IC50s were: Platelet = 19.8 ± 1.5 μM; H2122 = 19.5 ± 5 μM; HCC827 = 3.9 ± 2 μM; A549 = 1.6 ± 0.4 μM. To explore the extra-platelet effects of low dose aspirin in vivo, we examined the effect of aspirin 81 mg daily for 2 weeks on the biosynthesis of PGE2 and prostacyclin as reflected by their respective urinary metabolites in 54 healthy humans. The PGE2 metabolite was measured by LC/MS/MS and the prostacyclin metabolite by GC/MS. This dose of aspirin inhibited PGE2 production by 45% (p Adherence of platelets to tumor cells facilitates metastasis. We determined the effect of adherence of ADP-activated washed platelets to lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) on the PGE2 biosynthetic pathway. COX-2 expression was determined by Western blot, and cytosolic calcium by Fura-2 AM. Activated platelets increased cytosolic calcium in A549 cells by 22% (p Conclusion: These findings form the basis for a hypothesis that the remarkable effect of low dose aspirin on adenocarcinoma prevention and reduction in metastatic behavior could result from inhibition of platelet activation in concert with inhibition of platelet-induced PGE2 biosynthesis and direct inhibition of the catalytic activity COX-2 in circulating tumor cells. Work funded by the Thoracic Program of the Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center Citation Format: John Oates, Pierre Massion, Bjorn Knollmann, James Smith, Elias Haddad, Philip Lammers, Denise Oram, Taneem Amin, Bradford Harris, Megan Hoeksema, Hyun Hwang. Low dose aspirin that reduces mortality from lung adenocarcinoma inhibits both platelet COX-1 and the biosynthesis of PGE2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr PR05.
Acknowledgement of manuscript reviewers 2015

© 2016 Samet. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/ zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Contributing reviewers
Anisotropic Transport of Impurities in Ion Mixing

Experimental investigations of the redistribution of a thin (1nm) Sn marker layer lying between two thicker dissimilar layers (Ge and Si) during 360 keV As ion irradiation are reported. Several permutations of layer arrangements were tested, i.e. Si/Sn/Ge, Ge/Sn/Si, Si/Sn/Si and Ge/Sn/Ge. It was also found that in the dissimilar “diffusion” couples, the Sn drifts in the Ge rich direction, regardless of whether the Ge is on the surface side or the substrate side of the marker. This phenomemon of anisotropic transport is interpreted as a drift induced by a gradient in the “diffusion” coefficient. The radiation resistance of concentrated alloys is discussed in the light of this phenomenon.
The Persistence of Regionalism In Racial Attitudes of Methodist Clergy

Contrary to what several theoretical perspectives would predict, the merger of the northern and southern branches of the Methodist church in 1939 has not resulted in a convergence of racial attitudes among clergy. Southern clergy have become more liberal about racial issues, but so have clergy in the non-South, and hence no significant convergence is observed. Two important structural variables appear to substantially account for the lack of convergence. First, while there is a national bureaucratic structure, most administrative matters are organized on a limited geographic basis and there is an absence of national conventions, committees, etc., bringing clergy into contact with peers from other regions. Second, interregional migration of clergy appears to be solidifying rather than homogenizing regional differences. In recent years the Protestant churches in America have become highly visible in the civil rights movement. National bodies of the various denominations have publicly endorsed strong policies denouncing racial segregation and prejudice; individual ministers have been at the front of innumerable civil rights struggles. Reports of the press and television lend credence to the conclusion that clergymen have only recently discovered the Negro and, shocked by his treatment in society, have suddenly decided to act in his behalf. For many Protestant denominations in the United States, however, the problem of "what to do about the Negro" has ranked as a serious problem for a long time. For the Methodists it began in 1758, when the first Negro Methodist was baptized by John Wesley (Culver, 1953:1-79). By 1816, one-quarter of the total Methodist membership in the United States was Negro and Negroes were seeking a more important role in the church. In spite of the large Negro membership, the Methodist church took a sharp turn from a strong anti-slavery position in 1780 to a toleration of slavery in 1840. This This content downloaded from 157.55.39.136 on Tue, 05 Jul 2016 04:58:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Effects of Prediction Error Bias on Model Calibration and Response Prediction of a 10-Story Building

This paper investigates the application of Hierarchical Bayesian model updating to be used for probabilistic model calibration and response prediction of civil structures. In this updating framework the misfit between the identified modal parameters and the corresponding parameters of the finite element (FE) model is considered as a Gaussian distribution with unknown parameters. For response prediction, both the structural parameters of the FE model and the parameters of the misfit error functions are considered. The focus of this paper is to (1) evaluate the performance of the proposed framework in predicting the structural modal parameters at a state that the FE model is not calibrated (extrapolation from the model), and (2) study the effects of prediction error bias on the accuracy of the predicted values. The test structure considered here is a ten-story concrete building located in Utica, NY. The modal parameters of the building at its reference state were identified from ambient vibration data using the NExT-ERA system identification method. The identified modal parameters are used to calibrate parameters of the initial FE model as well as the misfit error functions. Before demolishing the building, six of its exterior walls were removed and ambient vibration measurements were also collected from the structure after wall removal. These data are not used to calibrate the model; they are only used to validate the predicted results. The model updating framework of this paper is applied to estimate the modal parameters of the building after removal of the six walls. Good agreement is observed between the model-predicted modal parameters and those identified from vibration tests.
In tegration of carbon nanostructures on CMOS for lab-on-a-chip sensing

We review the challenges and suggest future directions of carbon nanostructure CMOS integration for lab-on-a-chip systems. Power and area requirements of standard benchtop sensor instrumentation limits their use in portable applications. We have been developing carbon based nanostructures and low power analog readouts to enable sensitive and highly efficient sensor measurement in a single measurement platform. Specifically, we review integration methods for carbon nanofibers and nanospikes with sensor readouts on a CMOS platform. These lab-on-chip systems offer high throughput, require low operating power and allow complete system implementation in portable and implantable devices.
Application of microcomputers in primary health delivery services in Egypt

This paper looks at the public and private health services in Egypt, and at the use of computers to process information in the health services. In particular, a pilot project operating in Faiyum is described and its performance is assessed. The paper concludes by stressing the need to involve local staff in the design, management and evaluation of field projects.
Dielectronic recombination measurements of P 4+ , S 5+ , and Cl 6+

Dielectronic recombination via 3s-3p excitation has been measured for the Na-like ions ${\mathrm{P}}^{4+}$, ${\mathrm{S}}^{5+}$, and ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{6+}$. We observed the amount of electron capture attending the passage of MeV/amu ion beams through a collinear, magnetically confined space-charge-limited electron beam as a function of relative energy. The measured rates fall between limits calculated from limiting-case theoretically predicted cross sections.
Trends in Prescription Opioids Detected in Fatally Injured Drivers in 6 US States: 1995-2015.

Objectives. To assess the time trends in prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers.Methods. We analyzed 1995 to 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia of toxicological tests for drivers fatally injured within 1 hour of a crash (n = 36 729). We used the Cochran–Armitage test for trend to assess the statistical significance of changes in the prevalence of prescription opioids detected in these drivers over time.Results. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers increased from 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5, 1.4) in 1995 to 7.2% (95% CI = 5.7, 8.8) in 2015 (Z = −9.04; P < .001). Prescription opioid prevalence was higher in female than in male drivers (4.4% vs 2.9%; P < .001). Of the drivers testing positive for prescription opioids, 30.0% had elevated blood alcohol concentrations (≥ 0.01 g/dL), and 66.9% tested positive for other drugs.Conclusions. The prevalence o...
Screening for antineoplastic ionic liquids by targeting RLIP76.

e13033Background: RLIP76 is a stress-responsive multispecific transporter which functions as an anti-apoptotic protein in cancer cells. The targeting of RLIP76 by antibodies, antisense, or siRNA mo...
Integrating HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Into Routine Preventive Health Care to Avoid Exacerbating Disparities

More than 3 decades since its emergence in the United States, HIV continues to spread and disproportionately affect socially marginalized groups. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective prevention strategy federally approved since 2012, could fundamentally alter the course of the epidemic. However, PrEP's potential has not been fully realized, in part because health care providers have been slow to adopt PrEP in clinical practice and have been selective in their discussion of PrEP with patients. This nonstandardized approach has constrained PrEP access. PrEP access has not only been inadequate but also inequitable, with several groups in high need showing lower rates of uptake than do their socially privileged counterparts. Recognizing these early warning signs that current approaches to PrEP implementation could exacerbate existing HIV disparities, we call on health professionals to integrate PrEP into routine preventive health care for adult patients-particularly in primary care, reproductive health, and behavioral health settings. Drawing on the empirical literature, we present 4 arguments for why doing so would improve access and access equity, and we conclude that the benefits clearly outweigh the challenges.
Eisenhower and Japanese Economic Recovery: The Politics of Integration with the Western Trading Bloc, 1952-1955

The late 1940s, when the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang, or GMD) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) engaged in a show down for supremacy in China, saw the expression of growing anti American sentiment in major cities, manifested largely in student movements. During this period, warm Chinese memories of America as a crucial ally during World War II gave way to feelings of suspicion and even resentment.1 In part, this change resulted from the pro-GMD policies pursued by the Truman administration. But, at a more funda mental level, the emergence of anti-American attitudes was caused by the U.S. inability to recognize the strength of nationalist sentiment in postwar China and adjust its policies accordingly. The rise of the stu dent movement of fan meifuri (opposing the American build-up of Ja pan) provides a good example of the consequences of this development.
Abstract 11579: Myocardial Infarction Size by 3D Reconstruction of Late Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Cardiac Imaging in the Mouse: Correlation With Left Ventricular (LV) Global and Regional Performance

Background: Assessment in vivo of murine myocardial infarction (MI) size, and its correlation with global and regional LV dysfunction, remains problematic. In this experimental MI model, the validity of 3-D reconstruction of late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) Bruker Biospec 7T magnetic resonance (MR) images was tested and compared to degree of LV dysfunction. Methods and Results: Thirty-three male C57BL/6J mice were studied (Figure 1A). LGE MR images were obtained by FLASH-cine pulse sequence. Continuity 6 software was used to 3D reconstruct the LV from 1.0 mm contiguous 2D slices at end-diastole (Figure 1B) and -systole; wall motion was quantitated by 3D % shrinkage and regional surface area change (RSAC) at the endocardium. Hemodynamic assessment was followed post-mortem by histologic (TTC) measurement of infarction size. In the chronic MI study, control measurements were used for normalization of 3D parameters. Results are shown in Table 1. We found highly significant negative linear correlations between the absolute increase of max dP/dt, by dobutamine stimulation and LGE MI size at 2 days after MI in the acute (r=-0.83, P Conclusion: 3D reconstruction of LGE MR images quantitates MI size that correlates significantly with histologic infarct size, regional impairment of 3D shortening, endocardial surface area change, and LV global contractile reserve. This approach provides accurate end-points for interventions, pharmacologic and genomic, that potentially limit both direct and reperfusion injuries associated with acute MI.
Cross-cultural online collaboration: challenges and strategies

In this presentation, we share the experience of a partnership project between two teams representing Azerbaijani and American higher education institutions. The researchers (a) examine the challenges of collaborative work in the context of cultural differences related to applying learner-centered pedagogy, sustaining collaboration and managing learning process, and (b) introduce the strategies developed for addressing those challenges. This study seeks to advance educators' understanding of the critical aspects of cross-cultural collaboration in online learning environments.
Awareness, Attention and the Detection of Novelty

We have finished describing a series of dopamine-triggered events that together constitute a hypothesis on the molecular mechanism of attention and attention-based learning. However, attention is not an all or none process. We constantly utilize varying degrees of attention intensity to monitor and scan our external physical environment and sometimes our internal environment as well. In the case of vision, we may move our eyes in a visual saccade (a tracking motion) and perhaps even make a facilitating tum of the head to redirect our best vision toward specific locations we wish to attend to (foveal scanning). This is certainly high priority attention of the dopaminergic type we have been examining. But we also maintain a lower level of awareness for other elements in the visual scene that are not focal points of high attention. This awareness has alternatively been termed “vigilance” or “awareness” as well as other awareness-like descriptors. How might the state of awareness relate to the synchronization-based attention theory just advanced?
Optical windows as materials for high-speed shock wave detectors

Experimental studies of high-velocity (1-4 km/s) impacts of laser-launched flyer plates with polycrystalline, glassy or polymer windows were performed, with the intent of understanding and assessing the use of optical windows as high-speed solid-state shock wave detector materials. The problem is that the detector material undergoes radical physical transformations during the measurement. Here we present a simplified model where the detector material transformations are described as velocity and time dependent changes in shock impedance. The window materials were used to study the detonation shock produced by nitromethane, which is about 20 GPa and 10 ns. Reference experiments producing shocks in this pressure and duration range characterized how the shock impedances changed with impact velocity and shock duration. Sapphire, CaF2 and LiF windows had the fastest response to the detonation shocks, while the polymer windows had a sluggish response. Pyrex and BK7 were the best of the glassy windows.
National trends of hybrid lower extremity revascularization in the ACS-NSQIP database.

ObjectivesDespite reports of increasing use of hybrid surgery for lower extremity revascularization in Europe, little is known about the performance of hybrid procedures in the U.S. This study aims...
In Its Usual Formulation, Fuzzy Computation Is, In General, NP-Hard, But a More Realistic Formulation Can Make It Feasible

In many practical situations, we cannot directly measure or estimate the desired quantity y – e.g., we cannot directly measure the distance to a star or the next week’s temperature. To provide the desired estimate, we measure or estimate easier-to-measure quantities x 1 , … , x n which are related to y, and then use the known relation to transform our estimates for x i into an estimate for y. In situations when x i are known with fuzzy uncertainty, we thus need fuzzy computation. Zadeh’s extension principle provides us with formulas for fuzzy computation. The challenge is that the resulting computational problem is NP-hard – which means that, unless P=NP (which most computer scientists consider to be impossible), it is not possible to solve all fuzzy computation problems in feasible time. To overcome this challenge, we propose a more realistic formalization of fuzzy computation – in which instead of an un-realistic requirement that the corresponding properties hold for all x i , we only require that they hold for almost all x i – in some reasonable sense. We show that under this modification, the problem of fuzzy computation becomes computationally feasible.
Sparse matrix linear models for structured high-throughput data

Recent technological advancements have led to the rapid generation of high-throughput biological data, which can be used to address novel scientific questions in broad areas of research. These data can be thought of as a large matrix with covariates annotating both rows and columns of this matrix. Matrix linear models provide a convenient way for modeling such data. In many situations, sparse estimation of these models is desired. We present fast, general methods for fitting sparse matrix linear models to structured high-throughput data. We induce model sparsity using an L$_1$ penalty and consider the case when the response matrix and the covariate matrices are large. Due to data size, standard methods for estimation of these penalized regression models fail if the problem is converted to the corresponding univariate regression scenario. By leveraging matrix properties in the structure of our model, we develop several fast estimation algorithms (coordinate descent, FISTA, and ADMM) and discuss their trade-offs. We evaluate our method's performance on simulated data, E. coli chemical genetic screening data, and two Arabidopsis genetic datasets with multivariate responses. Our algorithms have been implemented in the Julia programming language and are available at this https URL.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and blood pressure in pre-diabetic adults-cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.

Abstract The relationship of plasma concentration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with blood pressure (BP) is uncertain. This study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations of PFAS with BP and hypertension. We quantified plasma PFAS concentrations from 957 participants enrolled in the lifestyle and placebo arms of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a randomized controlled trial with approximately 15 years of follow-up. We used multivariable linear and logistic regressions to test cross-sectional associations of six PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (MeFOSAA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), with BP and hypertension prevalence, respectively, at baseline. We used generalized linear mixed models to estimate longitudinal associations between baseline PFAS and the rate of BP changes, and Cox-Proportional hazard models to estimate risk of developing hypertension relative to baseline PFAS. Models were adjusted for baseline age, sex, race/ethnicity, treatment arm, educational attainment, income, marital status, smoking habit, alcohol drinking, and diet. We tested for effect modification by the treatment arm and sex, and accounted for multiple comparisons using the False-Discovery Rate (FDR). PFAS concentrations and hypertension prevalence within the study population (65.3% female, 57.7% White, 65.3% aged 40–59 years) were comparable to the general U.S. population. Cross-sectionally, we found small but statistically significant associations of baseline plasma concentrations of PFOA with systolic BP (β per doubling: 1.49 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.29, 2.70); and MeFOSAA with hypertension (RR = 1.09 per doubling, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.19). Estimates were not statistically significant after FDR adjustment. Longitudinally, we observed null associations in the placebo arm, but some inverse associations of baseline PFOS and MeFOSAA with systolic BP in the lifestyle arm, perhaps due to regression toward the mean. Baseline PFAS concentrations also were not prospectively associated with hypertension risk. Overall, there were modest and mostly null associations of plasma PFAS concentrations with BP and hypertension.
Enthalpy-based Output Feedback Control of the Stefan Problem with Hysteresis.

This paper presents an observer and an output feedback control with respect to a reference solution for the one-phase Stefan problem under input hysteresis. The one-phase Stefan problem describes evolution of the temperature and melting-solidification front in liquid-solid material. The setting models an industrial casting process, and experiments have revealed the existence of hysteresis due to boiling of the cooling water at the surface of the casting process. Therefore, one-phase Stefan problem with water cooling hysteresis under Neumann boundary actuation is considered. Full state feedback control law for this problem was designed and proved to provide asymptotic convergence of both temperature distribution and the solidification front. However, for the casting process, only boundary sensing is available. To address the latter problem, the present paper proposes an observer that estimates the temperature profile based on the available surface temperature measurement, taking into account boundary input hysteresis. The stability of the observer is proved with Lypanov method. Finally, an output feedback control law is proposed and proved to ensure asymptotic convergence of the temperature and the solidification front errors to zero. A numerical example presents the application of the method proposed.
Ethics Acculturation of International Counseling Students.

Counseling ethics is a complex discipline; it is more than the acquisition of ethical principles, codes of ethics, and standards of practice. To disentangle the intricacies of ethics education, we use the acculturation model to conceptualize students’ learning of counseling ethics, particularly international students who experience acculturation in the general sense and the acculturation of ethics in the counseling profession specifically. A case study is presented to illustrate the four acculturation strategies that students may adopt in ethical decision-making. Implications for counselor education, practice, and research are provided.