cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphoscintigraphy: Internal Mammary and Iliopelvic Lymph Node Imaging

This is the fourth in a series of Continuing Education articles. After reading this article, the reader should be able to: 1) discuss the clinical applications of lymphoscintigraphy; 2) understand the imaging procedures for internal mammary and iliopelvic lymphoscintigraphy; and 3) recognize the potential technical pitfalls associated with these procedures.
Structural Remodeling of the Left Atrial Appendage in Patients with Chronic Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Implications for Thrombus Formation, Systemic Embolism, and Assessment by Transesophageal Echocardiography

Abstract Left atrial appendage (LAA) is frequently the site of thrombus formation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). Transesophageal echocardiography and hematologic studies have identified blood flow stasis (spontaneous echogenic contrast) and abnormal coagulation (increased serum fibrinogen) as important predisposing factors to formation of LAA thrombi. However, the third component of the Virchow's triad, i.e., endothelial abnormalities, has not been adequately studied. Accordingly, we studied, at necropsy, the LAA morphology in 46 hearts of patients with ( n = 22) and without ( n = 24) chronic AF. Compared to patients without AF, those with AF had significantly larger LAA volumes (1.7% 1.1 vs. 5.4% 3.7 mL, p = 0.0002), and larger luminal surface area of the bisected LAA (4.4% 1.8 vs. 7.1% 4.5 cm 2 , p = 0.01). However, both the absolute and relative surface area of the transected pectinate muscles were reduced in patients with AF (2.6% 1.1 vs. 1.8% 1.0 cm 2 , p = 0.02 and 38% 15 vs. 21% 14%, p = 0.0003). In addition, in most patients (73%) with chronic AF, the LAA showed significant endocardial thickening with fibrous and elastic tissue (endocardial fibroelastosis) compared to those without AF (13%, p
Gear with Asymmetric Teeth for use in Wind Turbines

In the US, wind energy is one of the electrical energy sources that are growing fastest. The growth has been linear at a rate of about 20% to 30% per year over the last decade. For the next two decades, the wind industry has set its goal to more than 20%. However, there still remains concern on the reliability of wind turbines. This concern is often directed to the fact that gearbox failure has been a major problem in the wind industry. Compared to the other wind turbine components, gearbox failures result in the second highest down time per failure. Currently, there are several initiatives underway to improve gearbox reliability in wind turbines. Additionally, due to the increasing performance requirements, there has also been need of new gear designs. Recently, theoretical analyses have shown that asymmetric gears may offer a potential to reduce the costs associated with the gear failures, while at the same time maintaining the fatigue life. Also, for wind turbine gearboxes, the gears experience only uni-directional loading. In these instances, the geometry of the drive side does not have to be symmetric to the coast side. This allows for the designing of gears with asymmetric teeth. The objective of this research was to design and construct a testbed for testing the performance of asymmetric gears. The tests to be performed on the testbed include gear dynamics, tip relief modification, high-contact-ratio, and wear.
Relationship between numeracy and breast cancer patients' estimates of adjuvant treatment benefit

586 Background: Based on clinical anecdotes and existing literature, the general population has trouble understanding and making use of statistical information. We explored the accuracy of breast c...
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway-Mediated Disease.

This Commentary highlights the article by Junglas et al (in this issue), demonstrating that connective tissue growth factor is a cause of glaucoma.
Neonatal brain injury and aberrant connectivity

Brain injury sustained during the neonatal period may disrupt development of critical structural and functional connectivity networks leading to subsequent neurodevelopmental impairment in affected children. These networks can be characterized using structural (via diffusion MRI) and functional (via resting state-functional MRI) neuroimaging techniques. Advances in neuroimaging have led to expanded application of these approaches to study term- and prematurely-born infants, providing improved understanding of cerebral development and the deleterious effects of early brain injury. Across both modalities, neuroimaging data are conducive to analyses ranging from characterization of individual white matter tracts and/or resting state networks through advanced 'connectome-style' approaches capable of identifying highly connected network hubs and investigating metrics of network topology such as modularity and small-worldness. We begin this review by summarizing the literature detailing structural and functional connectivity findings in healthy term and preterm infants without brain injury during the postnatal period, including discussion of early connectome development. We then detail common forms of brain injury in term- and prematurely-born infants. In this context, we next review the emerging body of literature detailing studies employing diffusion MRI, resting state-functional MRI and other complementary neuroimaging modalities to characterize structural and functional connectivity development in infants with brain injury. We conclude by reviewing technical challenges associated with neonatal neuroimaging, highlighting those most relevant to studying infants with brain injury and emphasizing the need for further targeted study in this high-risk population.
Pulmonary resection for solitary metastasis from pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is still one of the most lethal cancer diseases, and recurrence occurs in more than 80% of the patients even though curative resection was achieved. We experienced a case of pulmonary resection for solitary lung metastasis of the pancreatic cancer that developed after pancreaticoduodenectomy and following adjuvant chemotherapy. The postoperative course was uneventful and long-term survival was achieved. Pulmonary resection could improve the prognosis of selected patients who are suffering from lung metastasis of pancreatic cancer, and can be considered as a treatment option.
Diversity in the use of specialized dental services by older adults in the United States.

Objectives We estimated the use of any dental services and the use of specific types of dental services conditional on any dental use for adults 50 and over in the United States to analyze: a) disparities in the use of specialized dental services and b) whether older adults receiving routine dental care use fewer expensive specialized dental services. Methods We relied on data tabulations and estimated logistic regressions from the 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Study to analyze the influence of various covariates such as age, race/ethnicity, education, dental insurance, income, and health status on the likelihood of a) using any dental care and b) using routine dental care (prophylaxis, examinations, bitewings, etc.) and specialized services for restorative, periodontal, oral surgery, or prosthetic dental care conditional on using any dental care. Results We found a) lower use of specialized services among higher income, more educated, healthier, nonminority older adults and b) association between lower use of routine dental care and higher use of expensive restorative, oral surgery, and prosthetic dental services. Conclusions Our study identifies diversity in the use of specialized dental services among an older adult population and suggests that more widespread use of routine dental services could potentially improve oral health and limit the need for expensive specialized dental care for this population.
Universal Data Acquisition Module PIAP-UDAM for INDUSTRY 4.0 Application in Agriculture

The paper presents the Internet of Things based concept of the universal system of agricultural production management and control accordingly to INDUSTRY 4.0 concept. Proposed system will be implemented in test sites in Poland and Israel and will cover four layers: decision support, data processing, data acquisition and transmission and sensors. The key for successful operation in the rural area is robust and efficient data acquisition layer. Solution for this layer – the Universal Data Acquisition Module PIAP-UDAM is presented in the paper together with example of application focused on the system for advanced fertilizer tanks monitoring.
Computer-Assisted Instrument Navigation Versus Conventional C-Arm Fluoroscopy for Surgical Instrumentation: Accuracy, Radiation Time, and Radiation Exposure

OBJECTIVE. Compared with open procedures, minimally invasive surgical procedures are associated with increased radiation exposure and long-term health risks. Ultralow radiation imaging coupled with image enhancement and instrument tracking (ULRI-IE/IT) is a new image modifier that allows a computer to show real-time movement of an instrument as it is adjusted, mimicking live fluoroscopy but without continuous radiation production. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and radiation output of ULRI-IE/IT compared with unassisted conventional fluoroscopy in a variety of surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Physicians of various specialties were asked to identify the ideal location for instrumentation in various spinal, orthopedic, pain, and physiatric procedures and then place an instrument in this location in a cadaver both with and without ULRI-IE/IT assistance. Whether ULRI-IE/IT was used was randomly assigned to reduce the impact of learning. Radiation exposure, time to place the instrument, and the number of images required to achieve accurate positioning were recorded for each procedure. These were compared for unassisted and ULRI-IE/IT-assisted fluoroscopy to determine the utility of ULRI-IE/IT in minimally invasive instrumentation. RESULTS. Twenty-three trials of nine procedures by five physicians were completed both with and without assistance of ULRI-IE/IT. The procedures ranged from percutaneous pedicle screw insertion to foramen ovale ablation. Total time to localize the instrument for all 23 cases was 31.2% longer without assistance. Use of ULRI-IE/IT reduced the total number of images per case by 74.8% and radiation exposure by 91.8%. With ULRI-IE/IT, physicians were able to successfully place the instrument in the correct location on the first attempt in 82.6% of trials and in the second attempt in all trials versus a mean of 4.65 images needed for unassisted fluoroscopy. CONCLUSION. Use of ULRI-IE/IT can dramatically reduce radiation output and the number of images acquired and time required to perform fluoroscopic procedures.
Immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment to predict prognosis and DNA mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

8544Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences prognosis and response to therapy. The correlation between immune profiles in the TME and cancer DNA mutations is not well established. M...
Small-m method for detecting all longest paths

Given a weighted directed graph without positive cycles, we construct a framework to detect all longest paths for pairs of nodes in a network. The interest is to identify all routes with the highest cumulative cost for each source–destination pair. The significance and need for this arises in several scheduling contexts, an example of which is called critical chain project management. All longest routes are enumerated and compared for each output to determine a bottleneck path referred to as critical chain. Besides finding longest paths, minimizing duration needs to be considered. This indicates that multiple types of optimization problems coexist in one methodology. We thus aim to contain the longest-paths problem through constraints, for which an optimal solution that minimizes duration can be detected by solving a single optimization problem. The framework is reduced to a constraint satisfaction problem in a mixed-integer linear-programming context, and the solution can be derived using a general purpose solver. Optimality for the longest-paths problem is proven using the small-m method. Since the developed framework does not require an objective function specification, the methodology can also be incorporated within other optimization based problem contexts.
Parameter Estimation and Validation for an Epidemic Model

In an earlier report [2] a general model for common source epidemics was developed and subsequently [3] specialized to an outbreak of toxoplasmosis. The model for infection developed in [4] can be used to refine the results in [3] and provide a stronger physiological basis for the study. In this paper we use epidemiological data collected in the toxoplasmosis outbreak, in particular the daily onset data, to estimate the experimental parameters of the model. We then validate the model with respect to its predictive ability.
Screening for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus: Occupational Health Nurses Interpreting the Titers.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to serious health consequences or even death if titers are misinterpreted during screening. Occupational health nurses (OHNs) need to understand HCV titers ...
Chapter 9 – Keyboarding

Publisher Summary This chapter considers the performance in reaction time tasks. These tasks, although elementary, provide windows into the mechanisms by which stimulus–response associations are realized. Data from reaction time tasks constrain models of more complex keyboard sequencings. It also concerns that performance in tasks require sequences of button. Such tasks have enabled researchers to develop detailed models of the memory representations underlying sequential behavior. One of these models assumes that manual response sequences are hierarchically controlled. Another assumes that there are internal timing mechanisms for motor production that may also serve perception. The chapter highlights that studies of reaction time provide useful information about the preparation of motor responses as well as the organization of the information processing system as a whole. When subjects know in advance what signal will be presented and what response will have to be performed when a signal appears, the time of their response relative to the signal is the simple RT. Simple RTs depend on the subject's practice, alertness, and age, as well as the strength of the signal and, to a small extent, the type of response being performed. Mechanical inertia accounts for differences in simple RTs for large and small effectors.
Implementing regional smart growth without regional authority: The limits of information for nudging local land use

Abstract The mismatch between region-level goal setting and the local-level implementation can hamper regional smart growth efforts. This paper studies this conundrum in California, where state law requires metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to develop regional land use plans for reducing automobile-focused development and transportation-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but gives MPOs no authority over local land use for plan implementation. Unable to compel local development decisions, MPOs instead might use information to nudge cities and counties toward smarter growth. However, we find that California MPOs have uneven access to quality land-use information and that they seldom use it to gauge or nudge local smart growth. Findings support concerns that, absent stronger state or regional powers over land use, California MPOs may not succeed in advancing smart growth under state law SB 375. Structural changes are proposed for bridging the disconnect between regional planning and local land use control.
Visualizing Charge Transport and Nanoscale Electrochemistry by Hyperspectral Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy

Charge-transport and electrochemical processes are heavily influenced by the local microstructure. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a widely used technique to map electrochemical potentials at the nanometer scale; however, it offers little information on local charge dynamics. Here, we implement a hyperspectral KPFM approach for spatially mapping bias-dependent charge dynamics in timescales ranging from the sub-millisecond to the second regime. As a proof of principle, we investigate the role mobile surface charges play in a three-unit-cell LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxide heterostructure. We explore machine learning approaches to assist with visualization, pattern recognition, and interpretation of the information-rich data sets. Linear unmixing methods reveal hidden bias-dependent interfacial processes, most likely water splitting, which are essentially unnoticed by functional fitting of the dynamic response alone. Hyperspectral KPFM will be beneficial for investigating nanoscale charge transport and local reactivity in systems involving a possible combination of electronic, ionic, and electrochemical phenomena.
A neurological rationale for music therapy to address social connectivity among individuals with substance use disorders

Abstract Millions of people in the United States seek treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) each year, highlighting the importance of effective treatments for this social dilemma. SUD are characterized by long-term neurological changes and continued consumption of substances despite negative consequences. We conducted a narrative review of research highlighting the intersections between addictive substances and SUD, social connectivity, and music interventions. We found that addiction, social connectivity, and music interventions all affect the mesocorticolimbic pathway and endogenous opioid system. However, there remains a dearth of published empirical literature providing a rationale for music therapy to address social connectivity as a primary clinical objective among people with SUD. Based on our review, we developed a neurologically-informed model of music therapy for social connectivity among people with SUD. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Mindfulness-based stress reduction for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: Rationale and protocol for a randomized controlled trial in older adults.

Abstract The symptom burden of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is high among older individuals, and treatment options are limited. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has potential to improve neurocognitive performance, psychosocial wellbeing, and quality of life, but empirical studies in this growing vulnerable population are lacking. In this trial, participants (N = 180) age 55 and older who are living with HIV infection, are on combination antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral loads, and yet continue to experience behavioral and cognitive symptoms of HAND, are randomized to MBSR or to a waitlist control arm that receives MBSR following a 16-week period of standard care. Primary outcomes (attention, executive function, stress, anxiety, depression, everyday functioning, quality of life) and potential mediators (affect, mindfulness) and moderators (social support, loneliness) are assessed at baseline and weeks 8, 16, and 48 in both groups, with an additional assessment at week 24 (post-MBSR) in the crossover control group. Assessments include self-report and objective measures (e.g., neuropsychological assessment, neurological exam, clinical labs). In addition, a subset of participants (n = 30 per group) are randomly selected to undergo fMRI to evaluate changes in functional connectivity networks and their relationship to changes in neuropsychological outcomes. Forthcoming findings from this randomized controlled trial have the potential to contribute to a growing public health need as the number of older adults with HAND is expected to rise
Realisable sets of catenary degrees of numerical monoids

The catenary degree is an invariant that measures the distance between factorizations of elements within an atomic monoid. In this paper, we classify which finite subsets of Z≥0 occur as the set of catenary degrees of a numerical monoid (i.e., a co-finite, additive submonoid of Z≥0). In particular, we show that, with one exception, every finite subset of Z≥0 that can possibly occur as the set of catenary degrees of some atomic monoid is actually achieved by a numerical monoid.
Decreased Overall Survival in HIV-associated Non-small-cell Lung Cancer.

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to compare demographics, disease characteristics, and outcomes of patients with HIV-infection with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the general NSCLC population. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study was used to compare the HIV-infected and -uninfected groups. Medical records of all patients who were HIV-positive diagnosed with NSCLC between 2000 and 2016 at Yale New Haven Hospital (New Haven, CT) were reviewed and compared with the general Yale NSCLC population regarding demographics, NSCLC characteristics, treatment, and survival. Log-rank tests and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze survival differences. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess predictors of survival. Results Thirty-five patients with HIV-NSCLC and 5187 general patients with NSCLC were identified. The median age at cancer diagnosis was 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 49-59 years) for patients with HIV-NSCLC versus 68 years (IQR, 61-76 years) for patients with NSCLC (P Conclusion Despite similar histology, stage, and treatment between groups, patients with HIV had worse outcomes for NSCLC.
Financial Deregulation, the Demand for Money, and Monetary Policy in Australia

This study reviews the factors contributing to the deregulation of the Australian financial system and discusses the implications of such deregulation for the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, the interest elasticity of money balances, and the stability of money demand. Several models of money demand are estimated using both fixed coefficient and random coefficient estimation techniques. Empirical results are presented which provide evidence that random coefficient estimation of money demand models that incorporate inflationary expectations not only greatly reduces forecast errors, but eliminates any tendency to underpredict the surge of real money balances which occurred following deregulation.
Islands, modernity, and other worlds that never end:

In this commentary, I follow up on Chandler and Pugh’s (2021) article, ‘Anthropocene Islands: There Are Only Islands After the End of the World’, to explore two central facets of their argument. Fi...
High Voltage AC (HVAC) and High Voltage DC (HVDC) Transmission Topologies of Offshore Wind Power and Reliability Analysis

High Voltage AC (HVAC) is the standard transmission system for short distances, while High Voltage DC (HVDC) is a popular solution for the long-distance transmission of offshore wind power generation. An HVDC transmission system has an increased commercial cost due to the addition of power converter stations; therefore, the efficient design of offshore wind power transmission systems and their reliability are critical for the smooth operation of the transmission grid and improved cost-effectiveness. In this paper, the simplified topologies of offshore HVAC and HVDC transmission systems have been studied and compared based on their reliability using fault tree analysis (FTA).
Perioperative major neurologic deficits as a complication of spine surgery.

Study design Retrospective review of spine surgery patients with new major neurologic complication. Objective To define the causes and severity of new neurologic damage to the spinal cord or cauda equina caused by spinal surgery. Materials and methods Consult records were reviewed for all postoperative spine surgery patients referred to a tertiary spinal cord injury rehabilitation center over a 12-year period. Any patients with a new perioperative surgery-related decrement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS), loss of bowel or bladder function, or loss of ability to ambulate were examined and final 1-year gaps for neurologic loss reported. Results 64 patients had a new perioperative major neurologic event with: 41% thoracic, 39% cervical, and 20% lumbar; 61% intraoperative, 31% in the immediate 2-week postoperative period, 8% unknown. Chronic myelopathy (44%) was the most common indication. The causes of neurologic injury were postoperative fluid collection (25%), malposition of instrumentation (14%), traumatic decompression (14%), cord infarct (11%), deformity correction (2%), and unknown (34%). Overall, 87% lost the ability to ambulate and 66% lost volitional bowel-bladder control. AIS decrement and loss of ambulation and bowel-bladder function did not differ statistically significantly by surgical indication. However, among the main root causes, traumatic decompressions and cord infarcts had significantly worse neurologic deterioration than fluid collections or malposition of instrumentation. Conclusion The relative rate of major neurologic injury in spine surgery is higher in thoracic and cervical cases at spinal cord levels, especially when done for myelopathy, even though lumbar surgeries are most common. The most common causes of neurologic injury were potentially avoidable postoperative fluid collections, malposition of instrumentation, and traumatic decompression.
Dynamical System Related to an Almost Periodic Schrödinger Equation

A dynamical map is obtained from a class of the almost periodic Schrodinger equation. The potentials are constant except for steps at special points.
Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs): Evolution

LINE-1 (long interspersed nuclear element-1, L1) repeated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) elements are non-long terminal repeat (LTR) group of retrotransposons that replicate by copying (reverse transcribing) their ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcript into genomic DNA. LINE-1 elements, which can also copy other RNAs into genomic DNA, are the dominant (and in some species the only) active clade of retrotransposons in mammals, where they have been replicating and evolving since before the mammalian radiation approximately 100 million years ago. Keywords: LINE-1; L1; retrotransposon; evolution; human
Speaker identification based on discriminative vector quantization

A novel discriminative vector quantization method for speaker identification (DVQSI) is proposed, and its parameters selection is discussed. The vector space of speech features is divided into a number of subspaces and the distribution of the inter speaker variation inside the speech feature vector space is considered. Discriminative weighted average distortion instead of equally weighted average distortion is used in speaker identification (SI). The proposed approach can be considered a generalization of the existing vector quantization (VQ) technique and the experimental results confirm the improved SI accuracy
Molecular Parallels between Neural and Vascular Development

Anatomical parallels between the nervous and the vascular system are readily apparent in peripheral body tissues, where blood vessels and nerves ramify throughout nearly all domains of the body and are usually aligned. To orchestrate the formation of their highly branched, exquisitely wired networks, nerves and blood vessels have developed shared cellular andmolecular principles. At the cellular level, axons of developing neurons and capillaries use specialized motile structures to ensure their directional guidance. In axons, a growth cone is situated at the axon extremity and ensures axon guidance towards its distant target. In blood vessels, specialized motile endothelial cells (EC) situated at the capillary tips ensure capillary guidance during sprouting angiogenesis. Molecularly, common signaling molecules guide vascular and axonal outgrowth. Axonal growth cones and tip cells express receptors for axon guidance molecules, including Neuropilin receptors (Nrps), Eph family receptor tyrosine kinases, Ple...
Where These Memories Grow: History, Memory and Southern Identity

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2000 Pages: 353 Publisher: University of North Carolina Press Prices: $49.95 US(hard cover).
Adult birth mothers who made open infant adoption placements after adolescent unplanned pregnancy

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize birth mothers' descriptions of how their adolescent or young adult unplanned pregnancies and decision for open infant adoption placement influenced their lives. Design Naturalistic inquiry using unstructured interviews. Setting & Methods One to 2‐hour telephone interviews with participants in their home settings were recorded and transcribed. Deidentified transcripts were analyzed for qualitative content themes. Participants Fifteen women who had experienced unplanned adolescent or young adult pregnancy and relinquished their infants through open adoption were interviewed. Birth mothers who had been members of an agency support group were identified by an agency representative as having been typical of open adoption and were purposively recruited for study participation. Results Participants described the open adoption decision as "one of the most difficult but best" choices of their lives. Themes were summarized using the acronym AFRESH: A–adoption accomplishments, F–fresh start, R–relationship changes, E–emotions, S–support, H–healing. Findings indicated that benefits of open adoption outweighed challenges of pregnancy, birth, and emotional transitions. Birth children were perceived as thriving with adoptive families who were cherished like extended family. Birth mothers perceived themselves as being better people with better lives than before the unintended pregnancy. Growth with improved life direction was seen as a result of personal maturation from the experience. Conclusions Open adoption is reinforced as a positive resolution of adolescent unintended pregnancy. Birth mothers believed teens who feel "stuck" with a pregnancy should consider open adoption; nurses should provide support and uphold the process.
A brief report: Quantifying and correlating social behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders

Abstract The current study investigated social behaviors, including initiating joint attention (IJA), responding to joint attention (RJA), social orienting, and imitation in 14 children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to 12 typically developing children (TD). Results indicated that IJA and RJA were positively correlated with social orienting in both groups, replicating previous results with greater precision through the use of eye-tracking technology. Additionally, results supported the novel hypothesis that social orienting and imitation would be positively correlated in the ASD group, but not in the TD group. Joint attention and imitation were not significantly correlated in either group. Through the use of objective and automated eye gaze measurement more precise information is provided concerning the relation among commonly impaired social behaviors in children with ASD.
Dehydrohalogenation by a Germylene: Conversion of Carbene Ligands into Carbynes at Ruthenium

The dialkylgermylene [Ge(CH[SiMe3]2)2] (3) converts the carbene complexes [Ru(CHR)(PCy3)2Cl2] (R = p-C6H4Me [2], n-C4H9 [6]) into the corresponding square-planar carbyne complexes [Ru(CR)(PCy3)2Cl]...
The painted molecule: the quantum-mechanical scattering of an atom from a rotating soft sphere with an asymmetric surface

Abstract We introduce a new model in order to describe the scattering of an atom from a top. We propose to “paint” the non-spherical atom—molecule potential function onto the surface of a soft sphere. That is, the interaction between the atom and the molecule is an asymmetric delta-function shell superimposed on a soft repulsive sphere. The coupled-channel differential equations are exactly reduced to coupled linear equations. A very useful property of these equations is that truncation preserves the unitarity of the S matrix.
β1-3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase in Human Leukocytes: Properties and Role in Regulating Neolacto Glycosphingolipid Biosynthesis

There are well-established differences in the expression of neolacto neutral glycosphingolipids among human leukocyte subclasses. Mature myeloid cells express several types of these compounds, whereas mature lymphoid cells are deficient in such compounds. The biochemical basis for this is unknown. Therefore, enzyme studies were done to determine whether different classes of leukocytes (represented by cell lines) contained beta 1-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.1.149, beta 1-3GlcNAcT(i)). This enzyme participates in the synthesis of Type 2 chains in glycosphingolipids by catalyzing the following two reactions: (i) Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer (lactosylceramide, LacCer) + UDP-GlcNAc-->GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1- 1Cer (lactotriaosylceramide) and (ii) Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer (neolactotetraosylceramide) + UDP-GlcNAc-->GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer. The first reaction may be the key step in the biosynthetic pathway of neolacto structures in human leukocytes. Therefore, extracts from several cell lines representative of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, at varied stages of maturity, were assayed with LacCer for the presence of beta 1-3GlcNAcT(i) activity. Our results indicate that myeloid cells contain this initiating beta 1-3GlcNAcT(i) activity, whereas lymphoid cells do not. This is consistent with our thin-layer chromatography immunostain results which show that all myeloid cell lines express neutral neolacto glycosphingolipids and lymphoid cells do not. Our findings suggest that the presence of the initiating activity only in myeloid cells is a regulatory factor in the expression of neutral neolacto glycosphingolipids in human leukocytes. We also tested both myeloid and lymphoid cell lines for the presence of elongating beta 1-3GlcNAcT(i) activity (reaction (ii) above) by using neolactotetraosylceramide as an acceptor. Our results show that an elongating activity is expressed by all myeloid and lymphoid cell lines tested. Initiating (myeloid) and elongating (myeloid and lymphoid) activities were distinguished by several characteristics: metal ion activation, pH optimum, and kinetic constants. In conclusion, our results indicate the presence of two beta 1-3GlcNAcT(i) activities in human leukocytes: one that catalyzes the initial reaction and is found only in the myeloid lineage and one that catalyzes the elongating reaction and is found in both myeloid and lymphoid cells.
Price dynamics in overlapping generations environments

This work examines the existence, uniqueness and computation of competitive equilibria in a class of overlapping generations environments. This set of environments represents a broad generalization of the overlapping generations model considered by Aliprantis and Plott [1]. Two types of results are presented in this paper. First, some general characteristics of perfect foresight competitive equilibrium price paths are developed for economies with finite or countably infinite time horizons and agents with finite lifetimes. The results establish the conditions leading to locally monotonic and locally stable equilibrium prices given arbitrarily many exogenous parameter shifts. Second, these results are strengthened when consideration is focused on a single parametric shift in a finite economy. Existence of a unique equilibrium price path is established. A simple set of rules are given to facilitate computation of this price path for any given shift.
Indian ghat sarangs as maritime labour recruiting intermediaries during the age of sail

As European ships created and expanded direct sea links with Asia by venturing around Africa's Cape of Good Hope, increasing numbers of Asian seamen also sailed intercontinentally. But the prevailing recruitment and service patterns for seamen in the Indian Ocean differed significantly from those in European waters. In the Indian Ocean, lascars (Asian seamen) customarily served collectively in maritime labour gangs recruited by an Indian broker, a ghat sarang (literally ‘wharf or landing headman’). In the Atlantic world, in contrast, European, African and American sailors increasingly had individual written contracts and documents of employment for each man, policed and enforced by the European state.Even as British rule spread across the Indian subcontinent, European ships' captains and owners, and also East India Company officials, struggled to assert their control in India's major ports over labour recruitment of Asian maritime workers during the age of sail. From the seventeenth through to the mid-nin...
EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID REDUCES SMALL DENSE LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN OXIDATION AND IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN VITRO AS COMPARED TO OTHER TRIGLYCERIDE-LOWERING AGENTS

The omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has been shown to reduce oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and small dense LDL (sdLDL) levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients. EPA may produce these effects through a potent antioxidant mechanism leading to increased LDL clearance and
DISTRIBUTION OF mRNA CODING FOR CALCIUM PERMEABLE AND IMPERMEABLE AMPA RECEPTOR SUBUNITS DURING OVINE CNS DEVELOPMENT. |[bull]| 1763

Introduction: Following birth asphyxia, extracellular CNS levels of glutamate or other related excitatory amino acids rise and cause overstimulation of glutamate receptors. This leads to a rise in intracellular calcium which triggers a cascade of events ultimately causing neuronal cell death. The AMPA glutamate receptor has been cloned and consists of four subunits (GluR A-D) that can be expressed in alternatively spliced isoforms termed flip and flop. AMPA receptors are assembled from several subunits. The GluR-B subunit, whether expressed alone or in combination with other subunits, forms ion channels that are calcium impermeable. This unique property of the AMPA receptor places it in a pivotal position with regard to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
The Impact of the Asian Financial Crisis on Budget Politics in South Korea.

Abstract The Republic of Korea was one of the major victims of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997–98, but it recovered its economic dynamism quite quickly. In the short term, its budgetary response to near economic collapse was immediate and quite significant. The government increased spending and, once the peak of the crisis was over, taxes and expanded its previously very limited support of needy Koreans by substantially increasing funds for social development and for aiding local government. Thus, despite its being forced to accept a large International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan in late 1997, Korea clearly rejected the IMF model of fiscal austerity and governmental downsizing, giving a much higher priority to the welfare of its citizens. However, this short-term response to the devastating fallout from the crisis seems to have exacerbated several long-term challenges facing Korea. The liberal fiscal policy clearly contributed to the country's burgeoning debt problem, and there have been only limited att...
Developing a databased budget allocation strategy: The University of Arizona Library experience

The library literature provides numerous accounts of the efforts made in libraries ‐ particularly academic libraries ‐ to develop a formula for allocating the materials budget. Explains how, at the University of Arizona, a group of librarians responsible for information resources development and preservation took on the task of leading the library in all the activities associated with collection development. The design of a strategy for allocating the information access budget based on data regarding the needs of the library users is a crucial portion of this assignment. The resulting information will be used to guide the budget allocation process. Describes the steps involved in the first phase of the project and summarizes the plan for the next two phases.
The dynamics of aqueous Zn2+ solutions: a study using incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering

The method of high-resolution incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (IQENS) is used to study the proton diffusion and cation to water-proton binding time in 1.98 mol al (mol. kg-1) and 2.58 molal aqueous Zn(ClO4)2 solutions and a 1.96 molal aqueous ZnCl2 solution at room temperature. In the perchlorate solutions a lower limit of tau 1>10-10 s is found for the Zn2+ to water-proton binding time and an upper limit of tau 1<5*10-9 s is estimated. The chloride solution cannot be described by a single proton population on the IQENS observation time scale. Furthermore, it cannot be described by a model which assumes that only those protons bound to free Zn2+ ions are in slow exchange, the fraction of these ions being taken from the published sets of stability constants used to describe the equilibria between the various zinc complexes present in solution.
Part V: Other Consequences of Corporate Reputation: ‘Tough talk’ and market leaders: The role of overt signaling and reputation-building behaviors in sustaining industry dominance

It is often said that good reputations are powerful signals that can help a company get better ratings by analysts, enable premium product prices, and attract better employees. However, empirical evidence proving these assumptions is scarce. The New York conference provided contributions highlighting some of these effects.
Synthesis of methyl [18-2H3], [17-2H2], [16-2H2], [14-2H2] and [12-2H2] cis-9-octadecenoates☆

Abstract Methyl [17-2H2]oleate was prepared by stepwise reduction from 17-oxooleate in 24% yield. Methyl [18-2H3], [16-2H2], [14-2H2] and [12-2H2] oleates were synthesized from appropriately deuterated octylbromides by conversion to deuterated 7-hexadecyn-1-ols and chain extention to deuterated stearolates followed by semihydrogenation; overall yields were about 17%.
Holmium:YAG lithotripsy in children.

Purpose: We determined the safety and efficacy of holmium:YAG lithotripsy in children. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all holmium:YAG lithotripsy done in patients 17 years old or younger. Demographic, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Results: A total of 9 boys and 10 girls (26 stones) with a mean age of 11 years (range 1 to 17) were treated with holmium:YAG lithotripsy, which was chosen as initial therapy in 10 (53%). Retrograde ureteroscopy was performed in 15 patients to treat 13 ureteral and 6 renal calculi, and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was done in 4 to treat 3 ureteral and 4 renal calculi. A complete stone-free outcome after 1 procedure was achieved in 16 children (84%) and 3 patients were rendered stone-free after 2 procedures. No patient had an intraoperative injury. Followup ranged from 0.5 to 12 months (mean 3). Followup imaging has shown no evidence of stricture or hydronephrosis. Conclusions: Holmium:YAG lithotripsy is safe and effective in children. It is a reasonable option for failed shock wave lithotripsy, or in children with a known durile stone composition or contraindications to shock wave lithotripsy.
Regulators of cell death

A novel oncogene-derived protein, Bcl-2, functions as a repressor of cell death in a genetic pathway of cellular suicide that appears to be common to all multicellular animals. A related protein that promotes cell death, Bax, wrestles with Bcl-2 through conserved motifs, BH1 and BH2, establishing a set point for these deaths. In Bcl-2-deficient mice, the ratio of these molecules is reset, resulting in massive cell death in several cell types.
Treatment of acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura with cyclophosphamide

A patient with severe amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura was treated with cyclophosphamide and had an excellent response after four weeks. His condition remained in complete remission for at least five months. Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare disorder with several possible causes. An intrinsic defect at the level of the megakaryocyte colony-forming units, or a circulating autoantibody directed against these colony-forming units has been suggested. This patient's response to cyclophosphamide supports the hypothesis of an immune mechanism in some of these cases, and it is recommended that immunosuppressive therapy be further evaluated.
Polarized 4-Manifolds, Extremal Kahler Metrics, and Seiberg-Witten Theory

Using Seiberg-Witten theory, it is shown that any Kahler metric of constant negative scalar curvature on a compact 4-manifold M minimizes the L 2 -norm of scalar curvature among Riemannian metrics compatible with a fixed decomposition H 2 (M) = H + � H. This implies, for ex- ample, that any such metric on a minimal ruled surface must be locally symmetric.
A (nearly) global look at the dynamics of youth smoking initiation and cessation: the role of cigarette prices

This study investigates the role of cigarette prices on smoking initiation and cessation among youth in a sample of eight primarily non-Western low, middle, and high income countries, with a particular focus on a subsample of 40 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using split-population duration models on longitudinally-transformed individual data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), the average impact of cigarette prices in the presence of unobserved country heterogeneity and shifting cultural norms within countries is identified by the variation of cigarette prices within countries over time. Price increases are found to effectively reduce initiation in early youth, and girls are considerably more responsive than boys. The price elasticity of initiation in LMICs is −0.82 for the combined gender analysis, −0.46 for boys only and −1.5 for girls only. There is some indication that youths in developing countries may be slightly less responsive to price changes than in high-income countries. No...
Stop the Music: How Advertising Can Help Stop College Students from Downloading Music Illegally

ABSTRACT Digital-music piracy takes a heavy toll on the music industry and the U.S. economy. Losses are measured in the tens of billions of dollars. College students especially are problematic, downloading more than 1 billion illegal songs per year. This paper reports on a four-phase research project. Phases I and II mapped specific motivations for the behavior and attendant reinforcements and costs. Phase III tested a variety of advertising concept statements intended to reverse the behavior. Phase IV was an in-market survey of advertising campaigns across two college campuses. Two campaigns were significantly effective in reversing music piracy among college students.
Samuel Judah, Class of 1816: Rutgers' First Jewish Graduate

J E W I S H presence on the Rutgers campus began early in the nineteenth century, just a quarter century after Queen's College was established by the Dutch Reformed Church. The name of Samuel Judah appeared in the Trustees' Minutes Book as one of five graduates in the Class of 1816.1 His diploma, in an antiquated vernacular, was dated "Kalends of October 1816." There was no indication at all that Judah was of the Jewish faith—only genealogical records confirm this. While little information can be found concerning his college years, it is known they were followed by a distinguished law career. It would be sixty-four years before another Jewish student matriculated at Rutgers. Jews on any colonial college campus were rare indeed. There were approximately i ,8oo Jews in all of America in 1790, and by the time Judah had arrived at Rutgers the figure had only risen to 3,000. There was neither time nor money available for a college education for most of the young men of the Jewish faith. For the few whose families could afford this luxury, acceptance at the early colonial colleges was not always assured, and many chose not to aspire to it. Throughout Europe Jews had seen most University doors closed to them. Oxford in England, for instance, did not grant a degree to a Jew until 1870.2 And in 1819 Nathan Nathans of Philadelphia thought he might prepare for the University of Pennsylvania rather than at Cambridge, where "there might be some difficulty about my religion."3 Those Jewish students who succeeded in entering a university in America before 1816—the year Judah graduated from Rutgers—could be counted almost on one hand.