cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The importance of knowing where radiopharmaceuticals come from and how they are prepared.

2741 Objectives Radiopharmaceuticals are drugs used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic studies with the best interest of the patient in mind. With limited drug manufacturers, outsourced pharmacies and increasing drug shortages, radiopharmaceuticals prepared by nuclear pharmacies need to follow United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines to ensure quality. A potential gap exists between nuclear medicine departments and nuclear pharmacies in the understanding of these requirements. The purpose of this study is to inform nuclear medicine departments the importance of knowing the sources and preparation practices of radiopharmaceuticals by nuclear pharmacies, empowering them to ensure that USP guidelines are being followed accordingly. Methods Research of USP compounding sterile products (CSPs) chapter and a literary search on nuclear pharmacy compliance practices and nuclear medicine department knowledge. Results Nuclear medicine departments may have limited knowledge of the USP practices employed by their nuclear pharmacy. Hospital pharmacy departments may be a potential source of expertise for a nuclear medicine department. Transparent and collaborative working relationships are needed so expectations are met and quality upheld. Exclusive dispensing rights are becoming more common, adding a potential barrier to this partnership. It is recommended to inquire about their USP practices involving preparation techniques, quality control procedures, sterility testing and stability indicating assays. Due to common drug shortages in nuclear medicine, compounded cold kits may be appropriately or inappropriately used in place of products manufactured in an FDA licensed facility. Conclusions For the safety of the patient, USP guidelines should be followed by compounding pharmacies and local nuclear pharmacies. Knowledge of pharmacy practices in the nuclear medicine department helps to provide a safe, effective product administered to patients to ensure proper patient care.
Between imitation and intention learning

Research in learning from demonstration can generally be grouped into either imitation learning or intention learning. In imitation learning, the goal is to imitate the observed behavior of an expert and is typically achieved using supervised learning techniques. In intention learning, the goal is to learn the intention that motivated the expert's behavior and to use a planning algorithm to derive behavior. Imitation learning has the advantage of learning a direct mapping from states to actions, which bears a small computational cost. Intention learning has the advantage of behaving well in novel states, but may bear a large computational cost by relying on planning algorithms in complex tasks. In this work, we introduce receding horizon inverse reinforcement learning, in which the planning horizon induces a continuum between these two learning paradigms. We present empirical results on multiple domains that demonstrate that performing IRL with a small, but non-zero, receding planning horizon greatly decreases the computational cost of planning while maintaining superior generalization performance compared to imitation learning.
Many-body basis-set reduction applied to the two-dimensional t-J z model

A simple variation of the Lanczos method is discussed. The technique is based on a systematic reduction of the size of the Hilbert space of the model under consideration, and it has many similarities with the basis-set-reduction approach recently introduced by Wenzel and Wilson in the context of quantum chemistry. As an example, the two-dimensional t-${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{z}}$ model of strongly correlated electrons is studied. Accurate results for the ground-state energy can be obtained on clusters of up to 50 sites, which are unreachable by conventional Lanczos approaches. In particular, the energy of one and two holes is analyzed as a function of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{z}}$/t. In the bulk limit, the numerical results suggest that a finite coupling ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{z}}$/t${]}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}0.18 is necessary to induce ``binding'' of holes in the model.
Greenhouse Method for Studying Development and Survival of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

A method with appropriate validation is described for quantitatively studying single or multiple environmental effects on western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, larva development, and survival to adult stage. The method used a controlled-environment greenhouse (26 ± 5°C pot soil temperature at 10 cm depth, 45–65% RH, 14:10 [L:D] photoperiod), terra-cotta clay pots (30.5 cm diameter by 30.5 cm high), and a sandy-clay loam soil. Soil moisture was regulated with a rigid watering regime. Instar occurrence was determined by sampling pots every other day. This occurrence was related to growing-degree-days (GDD), base 11°C, with linear equations. Equations with R2 values of 0.62, 0.63, and 0.69 for first, second, and third instars, respectively, predicted 50% occurrence for first instar at 74 GDD, second instar at 150.5 GDD, and third instar at 247.2 GDD. This method also provided a relatively uniform survival rate to the adult stage (67 ± 15% [ x ¯ ± SD]).
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Evasion during Lung Cancer Progression: The Chicken or the Egg?

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involved in metastasis. Immune evasion is required for tumor progression and is characterized by an ineffective antitumor immune response and upregulation of immune-suppressive signals. The coexistence of EMT and adaptive immune evasion opens the possibility of a mechanistic link between these processes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3422-4. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Lou et al., p. 3630.
Stretchability, Conformability, and Low-Cost Manufacture of Epidermal Sensors

Epidermal sensors and electronics represent a class of artificial devices whose thickness, mass density, and mechanical stiffness are well-matched with human epidermis. They can be applied as temporary transfer tattoos on the surface of any part of human body for physiological measurements, electrical or thermal stimulation , as well as wireless communications. Except for comfort and wearability, epidermal sensors can offer unprecedented signal quality even under severe skin deformation. This chapter tries to address two fundamental mechanics challenges for epidermal sensors: first, how to predict and improve the stretchability and compliance when epidermal devices are made out of intrinsically brittle and rigid inorganic electronic materials; and second, when laminating on human skin , how to predict and improve the conformability between epidermal devices and the microscopically rough skin surfaces. Since the ideal use of epidermal devices would be one-time, disposable patches, a low cost, high throughput manufacture process called the “cut-and-paste” method is introduced at the end of this chapter.
Techniques of Search File Organization

In Chapter V the two-step retrieval process of Decoding and File search was described, and it was indicated that these two processes were relatively independent. As a further demonstration of this independence Chapter VI presented detailed descriptions of these de- coders with minimal reference to or contingencies upon the data file organization. Only in one case, the randomizer associated with Fig. 33, was there a restriction placed on the file structure design. Thus, the designer is relatively free to select a decoder, based almost entirely upon the criteria outlined in the last chapter. Similarly, the selection of a data file structure is independent of the decoder.
Study Description and Coding Across Multiple Institutions

I use a variety of sources to understand a collective response from national government. A description of the variables used for each institution is described below. Measures of public opinion and the civil rights movement are constantly included in the analysis of each institution. Thus, I begin with these universal variables. Public Opinion : Using the Gallup’s Most Important Problem series, I code the percentage of respondents who felt that racial and ethnic minority concerns were the most important problems facing the nation. This is used as a thermometer to gauge the relevance of racial issues. Civil Rights Movement : The civil rights movement is dated from 1960 to 1968. Naturally, there are events that took place in the 1950s, a time period I believe to be a part of the civil rights movement, that are not included in this study. The use of 1960 is simply a byproduct of the available data on political protest. The year 1968 is selected as the end of this period because it coincides with the death of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., which fragmented the movement. Moreover, this year is often considered to have signaled the decline of movement activism (see Lawson and Payne 1998).
Onychomycosis: Practical Approaches to Minimize Relapse and Recurrence.

Introduction: Toenail onychomycosis is a common disease in which treatment options are limited and treatment failures and disease recurrence are frequently encountered. It usually requires many months of treatment, and recurrence may occur in more than half of the patients within 1 year or more after the infection has been eradicated. Data on long-term treatment, follow-up and recurrence are limited. Objective: Our objective is to interpret these data and recommend practical approaches that should minimize recurrence based on our clinical experience. Results: Several factors have been suggested to play a role in the high incidence of recurrence, but only the extent of nail involvement and co-existing diabetes mellitus have been shown to have a significant impact. Conclusion: The use of topical antifungals to prevent recurrences after complete cure was achieved has been suggested by various workers and used successfully in our practice. However, it has never been validated through clinical studies. Topical prophylaxis once weekly or twice monthly would seem appropriate in those patients most at risk. Prompt treatment of tinea pedis is essential, as is ensuring family members are free from disease. Patient education and pharmacologic intervention are equally important, and there are a number of simple strategies patients can employ. Managing onychomycosis is a significant long-term commitment for any patient, and minimizing recurrence is critical to meet their expectations.
Effect of soil microtopography on seed bank distribution in the shrub-steppe

The relationship between soil surface cryptogamic crusts and seed banks was investigated in the shrubsteppe in the Lower Columbia Basin. Seventy-four percent of the seeds in a disturbed bunchgrass community were found in crevices bordering cryptogamic crust polygons. In a sagebrush/bunchgrass community, 89% of the seeds were found in crevices. In a disturbed bunchgrass community, Bromus tectorum seeds were found in both the seed bank and aboveground vegetation communities. Bromus tectorum seeds were located in the seed bank of a sagebrush/bunchgrass community, although it had a minor presence in the aboveground community. Seeds of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. were not found in either the bunchgrass or sagebrush/bunchgrass communities. The high number of seeds found in crevices bordering the cryptogamic crust suggests that crevices play a role in determining the small-scale distributional pattern of shrub-steppe plants at the Fitzner-Eberhardt Arid Lands Ecology Reserve.
The Law of Crime Concentration: An Application and Recommendations for Future Research

We address four outstanding empirical questions related to the “law of crime concentration” (Weisburd in Criminology 53:133–157, 2015): (1) Is the spatial concentration of crime stable over time? (2) Do the same places consistently rank among those with the highest crime counts? (3) How much crime concentration would be observed if crimes were distributed randomly over place? (4) To what degree does the spatial concentration of crime depend on places that are crime free? The data are annual counts of violent and property crimes in St. Louis between 2000 and 2014. Temporal stability in the spatial inequality of crime is measured by computing the fraction of crimes that occur in the 5% of street segments with the highest crime frequencies each year. The spatial mobility of crime is measured by computing the number of years each street segment appears in the top 5% of street segments. Poisson simulations are used to estimate the fraction of crimes that could appear in the top 5% of street segments on the basis of chance alone. The impact of crime-free locales on the spatial concentration of crime is evaluated by comparing results from analyses that include and exclude crime-free street segments from the crime distributions. The concentration of crime is highly unequal and stable over time. The specific street segments with the highest crime frequencies, however, change over time. Nontrivial fractions of street segments may appear among the 5% with the highest crime frequencies on the basis of chance. Spatial concentration of crime is reduced when crime-free street segments are excluded from the crime distributions. The law of crime concentration is not a measurement artifact. Its substantive significance, however, should be assessed in future longitudinal research that replicates the current study across diverse social settings.
Content Pushing With Request Delay Information

Pushing along with proactive caching, in which content items are transmitted prior to being requested by a user, holds the promise of trading scalable storage resources for substantial throughput increase in content-centric networks. In this paper, a joint pushing and caching (JPC) method is studied, which determines when and which content to be pushed to, and to be removed from, the receiver buffer based on content request delay information (RDI) that predicts a user’s request time for certain content items. Both offline and online JPC policies with noncausal, statistical, and causal RDI are proposed based on a greedy algorithm and dynamic programming. The effective throughputs of the policies are evaluated, and they are seen to increase with both the receiver buffer size and the pushing limited channel capacity. The analysis also reveals the fundamental tradeoff between communication and storage resources. Furthermore, RDI feedback is shown to significantly enhance the performance of the online JPC without incurring much signaling overhead or complexity, especially in small buffer scenarios.
Comment on “The reduction of friction in long-runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon” by Brandon C. Johnson et al.

Results from a highly idealized, 2-D computational model indicate that dynamic normal-stress rarefactions might cause friction reduction in long-runout landslides [Johnson et al., 2016], but the physical relevance of the idealized dynamics has not been confirmed by experimental tests. More importantly, the model results provide no evidence that refutes alternative hypotheses about friction reduction mechanisms. One alternative hypothesis, which is strongly supported by field evidence, experimental data, and the predictions of a well-constrained computational model, involves development of high pore-fluid pressures in deforming landslide material or overridden bed material. However, no scientific basis exists for concluding that a universal mechanism is responsible for friction reduction in all long-runout landslides.
Incremental whole program optimization and compilation

Most modern compilers for statically typed high level languages perform whole program optimization and compilation in order to generate highly optimized code. Whole program analysis and optimization has the advantage of providing the compiler with visibility to the entire program. This allows information to be propagated across procedures to improve the quality of the generated code. The main disadvantage of existing systems with this capability however, is that recompiling a program after an edit incurs the cost of reanalyzing and regenerating code for all functions. Compiler throughput is crucial for developers' everyday edit-compile-test cycle as well as build lab's automated rolling build. Improving the throughput of such builds significantly improves developer productivity and lab efficiency. We present a practical and extensible framework for incremental whole program optimization (WPO) and compilation. It uses two program abstractions, namely a dependence graph representing the program entities that the code for each function depends upon, and lattices of data-flow information that affect the code generated. These abstractions are used to minimize the number of functions that must be reanalyzed and recompiled after a program edit. The framework uses a simple and fast checksum technique for detecting edits to functions and variables, and experimental evidence that this technique works well in practice. We also present a novel mechanism for achieving the no code generation diff requirement in the presence of multi-level inline expansion. The system has been successfully implemented in the state-of-the-art commercial quality Visual C/C++ compiler and achieves up to 7X compilation speedup for typical edits.
Moderation of the effects of discrimination-induced affective responses on health outcomes

Objective: The goal of the study was to examine differential mediation of long-term effects of discrimination on health behaviour and health status by internalising (anxiety and depression) and externalising (hostility and anger), and to explore moderation of these effects, specifically, by the presence of support networks and coping tendencies.Design: The current analyses employed structural equation modelling of five waves of data from Black female participants of the Family and Community Health Study over 11 years (M age 37–48).Main Outcomes Measures: The main outcome variables were health status and alcohol use (frequency and problematic consumption).Results: Perceived racial discrimination was associated with increases in internalising and externalising. In addition, internalising reactions to discrimination were associated with deterioration in health status and increases in problematic drinking; externalising reactions were associated with increases in frequency of drinking. These relations were at...
Promiscuity of the past: neoliberalism and gay sexuality pre- and post-AIDS

Scholars of LGBT advocacy often characterize the 1990s as a pragmatic and conservative era of activism – a time when neoliberalism “de-sexed” the movement and suppressed any lingering “liberationist” sentiment. AIDS, of course, figures prominently into this narrative. This paper explores the point of convergence between neoliberalism, sexual praxis, and political advocacy, making two primary contributions. First, I investigate how interest group representation serves the ends of neoliberal governance by mobilizing neoliberal citizens. This form of citizenship emphasizes not only a market-centered individualism, but it also promotes individual-level actions in the face of deeply structured social problems and encourages deference to strategy-minded professional managers and entrepreneurs. Second, I reintroduce pivotal leaders and organizations of the 1970s into the story of LGBT politics, arguing that these organizations laid the groundwork of a sexually conscientious gay citizenry before the AIDS ...
Modeling Between-Study Heterogeneity for Improved Reproducibility in Gene Signature Selection and Clinical Prediction

In the genomic era, the identification of gene signatures associated with disease is of significant interest. Such signatures are often used to predict clinical outcomes in new patients and aid clinical decision-making. However, recent studies have shown that gene signatures are often not replicable. This occurrence has practical implications regarding the generalizability and clinical applicability of such signatures. To improve replicability, we introduce a novel approach to select gene signatures from multiple datasets whose effects are consistently non-zero and account for between-study heterogeneity. We build our model upon some rank-based quantities, facilitating integration over different genomic datasets. A high dimensional penalized Generalized Linear Mixed Model (pGLMM) is used to select gene signatures and address data heterogeneity. We compare our method to some commonly used strategies that select gene signatures ignoring between-study heterogeneity. We provide asymptotic results justifying the performance of our method and demonstrate its advantage in the presence of heterogeneity through thorough simulation studies. Lastly, we motivate our method through a case study subtyping pancreatic cancer patients from four gene expression studies.
Strong Mixed and Generalized Abstract Fractional Calculus

We present here a strong mixed fractional calculus theory for Banach space valued functions of generalized Canavati type. Then we establish several mixed fractional Bochner integral inequalities of various types. It follows Anastassiou (Mat Vesn Accept, [5]).
Racial Residential Segregation and STI Diagnosis Among Non-Hispanic Blacks, 2006-2010.

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) disproportionately impact non-Hispanic blacks. Racial residential segregation has been associated with negative socioeconomic outcomes. We sought to examine the association between segregation and STI diagnosis among blacks. The National Survey of Family Growth and US Census served as data sources. Five distinct dimensions represent segregation. The association between STI diagnosis and each segregation dimension was assessed with multilevel logistic regression modeling. 305 (7.4%) blacks reported STI diagnosis during the past 12 months. Depending on the dimension, segregation was a risk factor [dissimilarity aOR 2.41 (95% CI 2.38–2.43)] and a protective factor [isolation aOR 0.90 (95% CI 0.89–0.91)] for STI diagnosis. Findings suggest that STI diagnosis among blacks is associated with segregation. Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms for how segregation affects STI diagnosis and to aid in the development of interventions to decrease STIs.
A sociocultural perspective on expatriation willingness: The mediating role of cultural intelligence

ABSTRACTAs expatriates’ lack of motivation to work overseas and firms’ ineffective screening and selection criteria for expatriates cause expatriation failures, identifying and recruiting candidate...
FROM ANTIARRHYTHMICS TO STEROIDS: CARDIAC MRI IN VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Cardiac MRI is a Class IIA indication in patients presenting with ventricular arrhythmias suspected of having structural heart disease. A 23-year-old male with no past medical history presented with palpitations. Initial ECG (Fig 1A) demonstrated ventricular tachycardia with an exit from the LV
“That Free Play of Human Affection”: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance

Thomas Albrecht, “‘That Free Play of Human Affection’: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance ” (pp. 486–521) This essay aims to refute received, persistent misconceptions of Walter Pater’s Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873), and of aestheticism generally, as an asocial and amoral sensualism, and as a deliberate separating of art from human lives and the world. Contrary to these misconceptions, it finds a humanist ethical vision in The Renaissance , specifically in the essays Pater devotes to Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci. Drawing on an established post-Enlightenment, post-Romantic tradition of Victorian secular humanism, Pater defines this vision in terms of human sympathies for the feelings and suffering of other persons. And he defines it in aesthetic terms, in terms of art’s unique capacity to depict human feelings and suffering, and thereby to arouse sympathies in the viewer. At the same time, the essay contends that Pater in The Renaissance also defines his ethical vision in a more unprecedented, radical way. Beyond the solicitation of human sympathies, he frames it in terms of a fundamental uncertainty and unpredictability, a fundamental freedom and singularity, of human ethical relationships and responses. For Pater, this uncertainty and freedom are the qualities that make an ethics genuinely ethical. Pater finds these qualities, and this kind of genuine ethics, epitomized in the unpredictability and freedom of human aesthetic responses, including his own, to art and beauty.
Hepatic Vein Incorporation Into the Azygos System in Heterotaxy and Interrupted Inferior Vena Cava.

Background Patients with heterotaxy, single ventricle and interrupted inferior vena cava are at risk of developing significant pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and cyanosis, and inequitable distribution of hepatic factor has been implicated in their development. We describe our experience with a technique for hepatic vein incorporation that reliably provides resolution of cyanosis and presumably equitable hepatic factor distribution. Methods A retrospective review of a single-surgeon experience was conducted for patients who underwent this modified Fontan operation utilizing an extracardiac conduit from the hepatic veins to the dominant superior cavopulmonary connection. Preoperative characteristics and imaging, operative details, and postoperative course and imaging were abstracted. Results Median age at operation was 5 years (2-10 years) and median weight was 19.6 kg (11.8-23 kg). Sixty percent (3/5) of patients had Fontan completion without cardiopulmonary bypass, and follow-up was complete at a median of 14 months (range 1-20 months). Systemic saturations increased significantly from 81% ± 1.9% preoperatively to 95% ± 3.5% postoperatively, P = .0008. Median length of stay was 10 days (range: 7-14 days). No deaths occurred. One patient required reoperation for bleeding and one was readmitted for pleural effusion. Postoperative imaging suggested distribution of hepatic factor to all lung segments with improved pulmonary arteriovenous malformation burden. Conclusions Hepatic vein incorporation for patients with heterotaxy and interrupted inferior vena cava should optimally provide equitable pulmonary distribution of hepatic factor with resolution of cyanosis. The described technique is performed through a conventional approach, is facile, and improves cyanosis in these complex patients.
Frameworks and theories relevant for organizing commercial sexual exploitation of children/domestic minor sex trafficking risk factors: A systematic review of proposed frameworks to conceptualize vulnerabilities

The commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) and domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) are abusive and exploitative practices occurring to children and youth across the United States. Prevention efforts should understand the factors that increase vulnerability and how these factors interact to eventually lead to exploitation. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these factors is best done within relevant frameworks and models. This review summarizes proposed frameworks for these vulnerabilities as collected via a systematic literature review. Fifteen studies capturing 12 frameworks or theories were selected for inclusion having met the following criteria: original research studies published in English from January 2010 to September 2017 with titles or abstracts that indicated a focus on the risk factors, vulnerabilities, or statistics of CSEC/DMST; a domestic focus on CSEC/DMST (for U.S.-based journals) with findings that did not combine associations between minors and adults in the study; and inclusion or mention of frameworks or theories which considered potential vulnerabilities prior to exploitation. Highly applicable frameworks include the life-course perspective, ecological model, multilevel model, ecodevelopment model, traumagenic factors, and general strain theory. Others found by this review include the age-graded theory of informal social control, career criminal paradigm, revictimization theory, an economic model, feminist theory, and a rights-based model. By mapping known risk factors to their appropriate place in the reviewed and relevant frameworks, this article seeks to enhance our understanding of the connections between and mechanisms of these risk factors, while also clarifying areas where prevention efforts can be targeted.
Israel’s strategic interest in nuclear disarmament

AbstractNuclear weapons are the most efficient means by which an adversary could annihilate the state of Israel. The elimination of nuclear weapons is therefore in Israel’s strategic interest. Isra...
Barriers to access in pediatric living-donor liver transplantation.

Children receiving a LDLT have superior post-transplant outcomes, but this procedure is only used for 10% of transplant recipients. Better understanding about barriers toward LDLT and the sociodemographic characteristics that influence these underlying mechanisms would help to inform strategies to increase its use. We conducted an online, anonymous survey of parents/caregivers for children awaiting, or have received, a liver transplant regarding their knowledge and attitudes about LDLT. The survey was completed by 217 respondents. While 97% of respondents understood an individual could donate a portion of their liver, only 72% knew the steps in evaluation, and 69% understood the donor surgery was covered by the recipient's insurance. Individuals with public insurance were less likely than those with private insurance to know the steps for LDLT evaluation (44% vs 82%; P < 0.001). Respondents with public insurance were less likely to know someone that had been a living donor (44% vs 56%; P = 0.005) as were individuals without a college degree (64% vs 85%; P = 0.007). Nearly all respondents generally trusted their healthcare team. Among respondents, 82% believed they were well-informed about LDLT but individuals with public insurance were significantly less likely to feel well-informed (67% vs 87%; P = 0.03) and to understand how donor surgery might impact donor work/time off (44% vs 81%; P = 0.001). Substantial gaps exist in parental understanding about LDLT, including its evaluation, potential benefits, and complications. Greater emphasis on addressing these barriers, especially to individuals with fewer resources, will be helpful to expand the use of LDLT.
Therapeutic radiation for breast cancer in BRCA mutation carriers and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk

611 Background: BRCA mutation carriers diagnosed with breast cancer are at high risk for contralateral second primary breast cancers. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 lead to defects in DNA repair. Rad...
The changing landscape of unofficial signage in a U.S. refugee relocation city

Abstract This Linguistic Landscape project investigates public signage throughout one year in a small Pennsylvania refugee relocation city, exploring the linguistic diversity of the city’s numerous generations of newcomers. The diachronic analysis indicates that monolingual government signs conflict with multilingual signs in private businesses, demonstrating that newcomer business owners are willing to meet the needs of refugees and immigrants even if the government will not. The lack of official multilingual signage calls into question what obligation government city planners in refugee relocation areas have to accommodate their linguistically diverse newcomers. The results of this project also reveal that the Linguistic Landscape is dynamic, as suggested by new languages that are layered on top of evidence of earlier generations of immigrants and by changes to signs within one year.
Childhood onset exercise addiction or atypical anorexia nervosa during Covid-19: case report

Childhood-onset Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is recognised to be atypical in presentation, both in terms of extent and nature of eating pathology, exercise and compensatory behaviours with many falling short of full diagnostic criteria. Failure to consider an eating disorder diagnosis in youth who present with extreme weight loss may have serious immediate and long term implications. However, failure to consider other non-organic causes of weight loss may be equally detrimental to the child’s health. This case reports on the acute presentation of a 12-year old boy, who presented to hospital in a severely malnourished state eight weeks into lockdown. To compensate for Covid-19 induced restrictions on sporting activity, this boy had followed a self-imposed daily schedule of arduous exercise, without increasing his nutritional intake. This report examines the clinical features suggestive of AN and other differential diagnosis. A discussion on the specific diagnostic differential of exercise addiction and challenges faced by youth during Covid-19 restrictions are presented. Accepting that AN may present atypically in pre-pubertal youth, it is important that clinicians maintain an open mind in youth presenting without goal directed weight loss. Although weight loss was significant in this case, it was due to an excessive exercise regime. This may have commenced as a coping strategy in response to Covid-19 restrictions but subsequently became excessive and impairing in nature. The collateral damage of Covid-19 mandated restrictions, aimed at containing the spread of the virus, are evident in this case. Clinicians need to be alert to potentially maladaptive coping strategies and unusual or altered pathways of presentation, especially in younger children during these challenging times.
Measuring Hedge Fund Timing Ability Across Factors

There has been a substantial amount of research on whether mutual funds, and, to a lesser extent, hedge funds, have the ability to time the market. All of these studies have focused on market timing in the sense that they can correctly position their portfolios for a positive or negative movement in the main equity index. Since many hedge funds are sophisticated investors, one might believe that they engage in timing of more than just a single factor. This article tests this hypothesis directly by expanding the Henrikkson–Merton timing factor to all of the Fama–French factors. The authors show in simulations that this may lead to incomplete inference about hedge fund timing ability. They also show, using a sample of equity hedge fund data for 1994–2009, that although many hedge funds are poor market timers, they have timing ability with respect to other risk factors in the economy. In particular, 13% of equity hedge funds have size timing ability, whereas 9% have value timing ability and 7% have market timing ability.
First Peoples in a New World: Populating Ice Age America

Over 15,000 years ago, a band of hunter-gatherers became the first people to set foot in the Americas. They soon found themselves in a world rich in plants and animals, but also a world still shivering itself out of the coldest depths of the Ice Age. The movement of those first Americans was one of the greatest journeys undertaken by ancient peoples. In this book, David Meltzer explores the world of Ice Age Americans, highlighting genetic, archaeological, and geological evidence that has revolutionized our understanding of their origins, antiquity, and adaptation to climate and environmental change. This fully updated edition integrates the most recent scientific discoveries, including the ancient genome revolution and human evolutionary and population history. Written for a broad audience, the book can serve as the primary text in courses on North American Archaeology, Ice Age Environments, and Human evolution and prehistory.
Impact of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurology: Report from A General Hospital in Tokyo

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on neurology in Japan, by analyzing data on the number of neurological patients at our hospital in Tokyo. Material and Methods: We counted the number of inpatients and outpatients per month; from January 2018 to September 2020. We defined the data from April 2020 to May 2020, as the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and that from July 2020 to September 2020, as the second wave. The data from each wave were compared to those in the same period within the previous 2 years. We also analyzed other data; including, inpatients with stroke, outpatients with Parkinson’s disease, and outpatients with epilepsy. Results: In the first wave, the overall number of inpatients and outpatients greatly decreased; however, the number of inpatients with stroke increased. The ratio of outpatients with Parkinson’s disease, or outpatients with epilepsy to total outpatients also increased. In the second wave, the overall number of inpatients markedly increased, while that of outpatients slightly decreased. Conclusion: All Japanese general hospitals were greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; especially in the first wave, even if the hospitals did not have in-hospital COVID-19 infection, or were not designated for COVID-19. Three factors; i.e. governmental, hospital, and patient factors, could affect the number of neurological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The numerical data reflecting the patients’ behavior might provide suggestions for addressing issues during other pandemics in the future.
LILRB3 as a regulator of AML survival

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with limited therapeutic options. A new study identifies leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 3 (LILRB3) as a marker of monocytic AML, with the ability to modulate NF-κB signaling and to promote survival and immune evasion. Blockade of LILRB3 signaling could provide a novel therapeutic strategy in monocytic AML.
Energiewende und Außenpolitik: Gestaltungsmacht auf dem Prüfstand

Die Energiewende in Deutschland betrifft auch wesentliche Bereiche der Ausenpolitik. Zentrale internationale Bezuge bestehen unter anderem zu den internationalen Klimaverhandlungen, die bis 2015 zu einem globalen Abkommen fuhren sollen. Daruber hinaus sind die Rahmenbedingungen einer global nachhaltigen Energieversorgungssicherheit auszugestalten, fur die bislang noch keine geeigneten Governance-Regeln entwickelt wurden. Der Schlussel fur eine erfolgreiche Realisierung der Energiewende liegt in ihrer ausenpolitischen Flankierung, um ambitionierte Ziele und ein harmonisiertes klima- und energiepolitisches Instrumentarium sowohl auf EU- also auch auf globaler Ebene zu etablieren.
Analysis of 14-MeV neutron induced gamma-ray spectra using multiwavelets

Abstract Neutron-based methods of bulk material analysis are used to detect contraband in cargo, characterize coal and cement, and identify unexploded ordnance, among other applications. Characteristic gamma rays produced in nuclear reactions (inelastic neutron scattering, thermal neutron capture, and activation) initiated by 14-MeV neutrons in the volume of an irradiated object are utilized for its elemental identification. In many situations, automated methods of spectral analysis and decision analytics are required. In this study, a spectrum analysis technique based on wavelets was developed, which determines elemental intensities using peak areas corresponding to characteristic photons. The algorithm was evaluated using experimental data measured with a 14-MeV pulse neutron source and high-resolution and low-resolution photon detectors. It was shown that this technique provides quick, accurate, and objective analysis of gamma-ray spectra.
Cheirogaleus major ♂ (Greater dwarf lemur). Cheirogaleus medius ♀ (Fat-tailed lemur)

Skin biopsies from the male were made available by Dr. C. Gray, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., USA, the karyotype of the female was kindly supplied by Dr. D. H. Wurster-Hill and has been published previously (3). She also identified the X by autoradiography. As indicated by Rumpler and Albignac, the chromosomes of the two Cheirogaleus species are identical, for which reason they are here combined in one plate. Although previous reports indicate that all autosomes are acrocentric or subtelocentric, one small autosome, here placed last, appears to be metacentric. The morphology of the minutes cannot be ascertained. The karyotype of the male is prepared with Giemsa banding.
Chapter 15. Antiviral Agents

Publisher Summary Antiviral chemotherapy has come of age. Broadened and more effective applications of available and new agents requires a continuing effort by researchers on the methods for best treating virus diseases, and on bringing this to the attention of the physicians and public health authorities. This can be observed in a large number and variety of review articles published on this subject. Clinical applications for available antiviral agents are covered in reports by many scientists. Antiviral agents are currently available for clinical use against herpes- and influenza-caused infections. This has resulted in a series of papers related to the clinical treatment of the disease. The control of herpesvirus disease remains a major target of virus chemotherapy with many studies aimed at this and other DNA viruses. A comparison of the activities of the better known antiherpes compounds in tissue culture and in vivo is reported by the researchers. The use of Adenine Arabinoside (Ara-a) made a breakthrough in the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis. To establish the role of antibody in control of herpesvirus infections, Ara-A is tested in mouse herpes encephalitis infections with and without rabbit immune globulin. The combination produced greater efficacy than either treatment alone, suggesting that severe infections may require a combination therapy for control.
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α stimulates ADAM10-mediated proteolysis of APP

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) derivative β-amyloid (Aβ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sequential proteolysis of APP by β-secretase and γ-secretase generates Aβ. Conversely, the α-secretase “a disintegrin and metalloproteinase” 10 (ADAM10) cleaves APP within the eventual Aβ sequence and precludes Aβ generation. Therefore, up-regulation of ADAM10 represents a plausible therapeutic strategy to combat overproduction of neurotoxic Aβ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. Here, we determined that the Adam10 promoter harbors PPAR response elements; that knockdown of PPARα, but not PPARβ or PPARγ, decreases the expression of Adam10; and that lentiviral overexpression of PPARα restored ADAM10 expression in Ppara−/− neurons. Gemfibrozil, an agonist of PPARα, induced the recruitment of PPARα:retinoid x receptor α, but not PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), to the Adam10 promoter in wild-type mouse hippocampal neurons and shifted APP processing toward the α-secretase, as determined by augmented soluble APPα and decreased Aβ production. Accordingly, Ppara−/− mice displayed elevated SDS-stable, endogenous Aβ and Aβ1–42 relative to wild-type littermates, whereas 5XFAD mice null for PPARα (5X/α−/−) exhibited greater cerebral Aβ load relative to 5XFAD littermates. These results identify PPARα as an important factor regulating neuronal ADAM10 expression and, thus, α-secretase proteolysis of APP.
7 Earthquake mechanisms and plate tectonics

Earthquake seismology has played a major role in the development of understanding of global plate tectonics and in turn making plate tectonics the conceptual framework used to consider most large-scale processes in the solid Earth. Because earthquakes occur primarily at the boundaries between lithospheric plates, their distribution is used to map plate boundaries and their focal mechanisms provide information about the motion at individual boundaries. Plates are formed at ridges and subducted at trenches. At transform faults, plate motion is parallel to the boundaries. The basic principle of plate kinematics states that the relative motion between any two plates can be described as a rotation on a sphere about an “Euler pole.” The direction of relative motion at any point on a plate boundary is a small circle, a parallel of latitude about the “Euler pole.” Earthquake mechanisms from the mid-ocean ridge system generally reflect the spreading process. These mechanisms are also used to study the internal deformation of major plates. Although idealized plates are purely rigid, the existence of intraplate earthquakes reflect the important but poorly understood tectonic process of intraplate deformation.
Teuchos::RefCountPtr beginner's guide : an introduction to the Trilinos smart reference-counted pointer class for (almost) automatic dynamic memory management in C++.

Dynamic memory management in C++ is one of the most common areas of difficulty and errors for amateur and expert C++ developers alike. The improper use of operator new and operator delete is arguably the most common cause of incorrect program behavior and segmentation faults in C++ programs. Here we introduce a templated concrete C++ class Teuchos::RefCountPtr , which is part of the Trilinos tools package Teuchos, that combines the concepts of smart pointers and reference counting to build a low-overhead but effective tool for simplifying dynamic memory management in C++. We discuss why the use of raw pointers for memory management, managed through explicit calls to operator new and operator delete, is so difficult to accomplish without making mistakes and how programs that use raw pointers for memory management can easily be modified to use RefCountPtr . In addition, explicit calls to operator delete is fragile and results in memory leaks in the presents of C++ exceptions. In its most basic usage, RefCountPtr automatically determines when operator delete should be called to free an object allocated with operator new and is not fragile in the presents of exceptions. The class also supports more sophisticated use cases as well. This document describesmore » just the most basic usage of RefCountPtr to allow developers to get started using it right away. However, more detailed information on the design and advanced features of RefCountPtr is provided by the companion document 'Teuchos::RefCountPtr : The Trilinos Smart Reference-Counted Pointer Class for (Almost) Automatic Dynamic Memory Management in C++'.« less
The Performance of Simple Monetary Policy Rules in A Large Open Economy

This paper examines the performance of simple monetary policy rules in a two country open economy model under both cooperative and non cooperative settings. In particular, it examines the extent to which simple policy rules with external variables and simple policy rules under policy coordination can help improve an adversely affected economy: one that faces greater persistence of inflation, higher volatility of shocks, and a greater vulnerability to exchange rate fluctuations. We isolate the impact of individual asymmetries through simulations that introduce differences into two, otherwise symmetric, economies. The paper shows that the results vary according to the underlying cause of the adverse performance. Greater inflation persistence and higher volatility of shocks irreversibly worsen macroeconomic outcomes while greater external vulnerability affect the distribution of cooperative gains: the less-insulated economy benefits at the expense of the more-insulated economy. Furthermore, the reaction coefficients in the simple policy rules behave in an intuitive fashion: both policy cooperation and reaction to external shocks substantially attenuate the reaction coefficients on inflation and unemployment.
Existence of sigma meson in pi-pi scattering

In this talk I summarize a recently proposed mechanism to understand pi pi scattering to 1 GeV. The model is motivated by the 1/Nc expansion to QCD, and includes a current algebra contact term and resonant pole exchanges. Chiral symmetry plays an important role in restricting the form of the interactions. The existence of a broad low energy scalar (sigma) is indicated.