cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laughing at the Rain

Sometimes a simple moment of compassion can capture the spirit of a more massive public health partnership. This story highlights the importance of remembering the most important partner in academic-community mental health endeavors, the patients. A large transitional housing complex was being built for homeless people in a peri-urban area south of San Francisco. Medical and psychiatric services were planned for inclusion onsite. Before its opening, needs assessments were done with homeless individuals in the area. This story gives a glimpse into the personal experience of one homeless man and reminds the reader why partnering for mental health is important. The improvement of resources for persons like the one described in the story is a motivating factor for academics and community mental health centers to work as partners.
Distal Superficial Femoral Vein Cannulation for Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Placement in Infants with Cardiac Disease.

Objective To describe a novel real-time ultrasound (US)-guided distal superficial femoral vein (DSFV) cannulation technique for insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) in critically ill infants with congenital heart disease. Design Descriptive retrospective cohort study Setting Pediatric cardiac intensive care unit in a pediatric tertiary hospital Patients First 28 critically ill infants that received DSFV PICCs via this new technique. Results Thirty-seven US-guided DSFV PICCs were attempted on 31 infants from September 2012 to November 2014; 34 PICCs were placed in 28 patients (success rate 92%). Twenty-six of 28 patients underwent cardiac surgery. Median (IQR) age at time of PICC placement 39 days (13, 151); weight 3.4 kg (3.2, 5.3). 25/34 PICCs were placed in patients with STAT 4 or 5 category. Median PICC duration 16 days (11, 29); maximum duration 123 days. Ten infants (36%) had DSFV PICCs placed as the primary central venous access in perioperative period. Ten of 28 patients underwent cardiac catheterization while DSFV PICC was in place, four of which were performed through ipsilateral common femoral vein. Two patients had femoral arterial lines placed in the ipsilateral femoral artery while DSFV PICC was in place. There were no reported inadvertent arterial punctures. The PICC-associated infection rate was 4.6 per 1000 line days. Four of 34 DSFV PICCs (11.8%) were associated with deep venous thrombosis. Conclusions DSFV is a novel venous access site for PICC placement with high success rate and sufficient longevity and flexibility for critically ill infants with cardiac disease. More experience and larger studies are needed to confirm its potential advantages.
Ataxia in Prion Diseases

Publisher Summary Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases represent a unique group of neuro-degenerative disorders that may be sporadic, infectious, or hereditary. Infectious forms of TSE may cause large out-breaks such as epidemics of kuru and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Sporadic and hereditary forms of TSE are also found to be experimentally transmissible to non-human primates and rodents with similarly long incubation times. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have yielded increasingly strong evidence that TSE results from the accumulation in the brain of an abnormal isoform of prion protein, a post-translational modification of a normal host protein encoded by the PRNP gene. This abnormal isoform and its toxic fragments gradually accumulate in neurons resulting in neuronal death and other pathogenic effects that are responsible for the TSE phenotypes. Regular transmission of TSE to susceptible laboratory animals, including apes and monkeys, Syrian hamsters, and several strains of mice, is demonstrated in early TSE studies Also, transmission of kuru by cannibalistic rituals was experimentally confirmed by studies of alimentary transmission of TSE in Syrian hamsters by neuro-pathologic confirmation and establishing infectivity of their brain tissue.
The Relationship Between Individual Differences in Switching Performance and Task Engagement

Strategic task switching is demanded in many real-world situations where effective simultaneous performance of concurrent tasks is not possible. Building from a model of strategic task overload management, the current study explored the influence of task load on the relationship between an individual’s task switching capability and task engagement. Only when high workload was present in both tasks was there a correlation between the capability to switch and subsequent action within tasks. In contrast, no relationships between task switching and later task engagement were seen when demands were not high enough in both tasks to require strategic switching.
Implantable neural probe systems for cortical neuroprostheses

Advanced microfabrication processes, biomaterials, and systems technologies are enabling progressively more sophisticated devices to interface with the brain. In particular, microscale implantable neural probe systems have been developed to reliably stimulate and/or record populations of neurons for long periods of time. Our group has developed a silicon-based probe technology is effective for recording neural activity from neuronal populations for sustained time periods. In a recent study in rats, these probes consistently and reliably provided high-quality spike recordings over extended periods of time. These probes are being used to investigate and develop cortical neuroprostheses and brain-machine interface systems. This neural probe technology is currently being extended to include polymer substrates, chemical interfaces for drug delivery, advanced coatings for improved biocompatibility, and integrated electronics for wireless communication to the outside world.
Simulating Event-Related Potential Reading Data in a Neurally Plausible Parallel Distributed Processing Model.

Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) models have always been considered a particularly likely framework for achieving neural-like simulations of cognitive function. To date, however, minimal contact has been made between PDP models and physiological data from the brain performing cognitive tasks. We present an implemented PDP model of Event-Related Potential (ERP) data on visual word recognition. Simulations demonstrate that a novel architecture with improved neural plausibility is critical for successfully reproducing key findings in the ERP data.
Dance and Hometown Associations are Promising Strategies to Improve Physical Activity Participation Among US Nigerian Transnational Immigrants

Lack of physical activity participation has been identified as a determinant for negative health outcomes across various ethnicities worldwide and within the USA. We investigated the perceptions of the prospects of promoting dancing within hometown associations as a form for improving physical activity participation for Nigerian Transnational Immigrants (NTIs) in the USA: a migrant cohort subset of individuals who maintain cross-border ties with their indigenous communities of origin. Using PEN-3 cultural model, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 transnational African migrants (11 males and 13 females) living in Chicago to explore culturally sensitive strategies to promote physical activity participation among our target population. The findings revealed positive perceptions related to dancing that might help to promote physical activity (PA) among NTI, existential or unique perceptions related to Nigerian parties that may also play a role with PA promotion, and negative perception in the form of limited discussions about PA in Nigerian hometown associations in the USA. Results from this study highlight the need for further investigation on culturally sensitive strategies to improve physical activity and participation in diverse Black immigrant populations, specifically in the form of cultural dance and activities such as parties in which this population frequently participate in. Furthermore, hometown associations may also serve as a platform for the implementation of PA programs due to its large reach to a rather covert group.
Offshore aeolian sediment transport across a human‐modified foredune

Concepts derived from previous studies of offshore winds on natural dunes are evaluated on a dune maintained for shore protection during three offshore wind events. The potential for offshore winds to form a lee-side eddy on the backshore or transfer sediment from the dune and berm crest to the water are evaluated, as are differences in wind speed and sediment transport on the dune crest, berm crest and a pedestrian access gap. The dune is 18-20 m wide near the base and has a crest 4.5 m above backshore elevation. Two sand-trapping fences facilitate accretion. Data were obtained from wind vanes on the crest and lee of the dune and anemometers and sand traps placed across the dune, on the beach berm crest and in the access gap. Mean wind direction above the dune crest varied from 11 to 3 deg from shore normal. No persistent recirculation eddy occurred on the 12 deg seaward slope. Wind speed on the berm crest was 85-89% of speed at the dune crest, but rates of sediment transport were 2.27 times greater during the strongest winds, indicating that a wide beach overcomes the transport limitation of a dune barrier. Limited transport on the seaward dune ramp indicates that losses to the water are mostly from the backshore, not the dune. The seaward slope gains sand from the landward slope and dune crest. Sand fences causing accretion on the dune ramp during onshore winds lower the seaward slope and reduce the likelihood of detached flows during offshore winds. Transport rates are higher in access gaps than on the dune crest despite lower wind speeds because of flatter slopes and absence of vegetation. Transport rates across dunes and through gaps can be reduced using vegetation and raised walkover structures.
Characteristics and trends of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health between 2005 and 2015

BackgroundThe National Institutes of Health is one of the largest biomedical research agencies in the world. Clinical trials are an important component of National Institutes of Health research efforts. Given the recent updates in National Institutes of Health trial reporting requirements, more information regarding the current state of National Institutes of Health–funded clinical trials is warranted. The objective of this analysis was to describe characteristics and trends of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health over time and by Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health.MethodsInterventional studies funded by the National Institutes of Health and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov between 2005 and 2015 were included in the analysis. Trials were identified from the 27 March 2016 Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database. A descriptive analysis of trials by year and National Institutes of Health Institute/Center was p...
Autoignition study of binary blends of n-dodecane/1-methylnaphthalene and iso-cetane/1-methylnaphthalene

Abstract An experimental study on autoignition of two binary blends, n-dodecane/1-methylnaphthalene and iso-cetane/1-methylnaphthalene, has been conducted using a rapid compression machine. Specifically, the ignition delays of the stoichiometric blend+air mixtures were measured at elevated pressures of PC = 15 bar and 30 bar, compressed temperatures of TC = 626–944 K, and varying blending ratios of the constituents. For a given set of PC and TC, a nonlinear response of the blend reactivity with respect to the relative amount of the constituents was observed. Since a comprehensive chemical kinetic model for the blends investigated here is under development, the current ignition delay datasets serve as the needed targets for model validation. For selected conditions, ignition delay simulations were conducted to highlight and discuss the deficiencies of the literature models and the potential areas for model improvements, especially at low temperatures. Further chemical kinetic analyses were conducted to gain understanding of the blending behavior predicted by the available model.
Looking Through Tinted Glasses: Depression and Social Anxiety Are Related to Both Interpretation Biases and Inflexible Negative Interpretations:

Interpretation bias is often theorized to play a critical role in depression and social anxiety. To date, it remains unknown how interpretation bias exerts its toxic effects. Interpretation inflexi...
Current approaches to challenging scenarios in myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Introduction: The Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis are clonal hematological mali...
Ultrashort Coherent Excitations in Semiconductors

The origin of this line of research was marked by the realization that optical four-wave mixing techniques can be used to generate coherent excitations in matter(1). The four-wave mixing technique of particular interest here is “Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering” (CARS) and its time-resolved (TRCARS) version(2). A semiclassical theoretical description of these nonlinear processes has been presented by Placzek(3).
Permanent I Interstitial Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Non-GBM High-Grade Gliomas

This study evaluates prognostic factors influencing survival outcomes for 50 patients with permanent125 iodine-125 implants in the primary treatment of non-GBM high-grade gliomas. Stereotactic treatment planning aimed to encompass the contrast-enhancing rim of the tumor visualized by CT, with an initial dose rate of 0.05 Gy/hour with 125I, delivering 100 Gy at 1 year and 103.68 Gy at infinity. Survival was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method for unvariate analysis and the Cox regressional method for multivariate analysis. In addition to the implant, 31 patients received external radiation therapy (5000 to 6000 cGy) before the implant; 10 patients were implanted without additional external beam radiation, and 9 patients underwent external radiation therapy before implant placement. With a mean follow-up of 40.76 months (range 3.47–87 months); 1−, 3−, and 5-year survival were 78.5% (± .05%), 58.7% (± .07%), and 56.2% (± .07%) respectively. Since 56.2% of the patients were alive at 5 years, median survival has not been reached yet. Second surgery was performed following the implant in 19 patients. Findings were tumor recurrence in 11 patients (22.5%), radiation necrosis in 7 patients (14.3%), and brain abcess in 1 patient (2%). Age, sex, tumor location, side of brain, tumor volume, Karnofsky, and neurological status were correlated with survival outcome. Favorable prognostic factors were age younger than 45 years, superficial tumor location, and preoperative Karnofsky greater than 70. Surgical treatment of patients with non-GBM high grade gliomas combined with external beam radiation and permanent 125I implants represent a valuable alternative for the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas, allowing patients good quality of life and long survival.
Fatal Child Abuse

According to official statistics, more than 1,500 children each year die from child abuse and neglect. However, due to inadequate death investigations and inconsistent child fatality review processes, the actual number is likely higher. Infants under 1 year old account for 47 % of child abuse fatalities, most often as a result of abusive head trauma (AHT). Other causes of fatal child abuse include suffocation, Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, fatal poisoning, and neglect. While not often discussed, child neglect plays a role in two thirds of all child maltreatment fatalities and can occur as a result of failure to provide medical treatment, starvation, drowning, fires, and heat induced from automobiles. No single effective strategy exists to prevent child abuse fatalities. Global home visiting strategies as well as AHT counseling efforts in nurseries and communities are often employed but clear evidence to support a single intervention is lacking.
The Medicinal Body: An Analysis of Medicinal Cannibalism in Europe, 1300-1700

Les pratiques de cannibalisme medical en Europe offrent un materiel tres riche pour la recherche en anthropologie historique et pour la construction d'interpretations theoriques sur les conceptions du corps et des rapports qu'entretient la medecine avec celui-ci. L'A. etudie plusieurs aspects de cette problematique du debut du XIV e siecle a la fin du XVII e siecle a partir de sources diverses (religieuses, coutumes, rapports officiels sur les pratiques medicales). L'objectif est de comprendre comment le corps est le support a la fois de pratiques mystiques et empiriques. L'approche historique permet de connaitre non seulement quelles etaient les conceptions du corps humain avant l'apparition de la medecine moderne mais aussi quelles sont les continuations ou les modifications de ces conceptions a l'epoque contemporaine.
Schooling and Mental Health

Schools hold a central place in the “developmental agenda” set forth for children and adolescents throughout the world (Rogoff, 1990; Sameroff, 1987).1 Children’s experiences in school have the capacity to promote developmental competencies associated with learning and achievement motivation, emotional functioning, and social relationships, and in some instances can potentiate difficulties in these aspects of functioning. In this chapter, we focus on the relation between children’s academic and emotional functioning, and on how school, as a central context of development, can shape both academic and mental health outcomes in children. The chapter is comprised of three main sections. First, we discuss the relevance of schooling to those interested in development, mental health, and psychopathology. Second, we briefly discuss linkages between children’s academic and emotional functioning. Third, we provide a description of the interpersonal, instructional, and organizational processes through which schools can influence the developmental course of children’s achievement-related behaviors, academic motivation, and their mental health.
A critical review of high polymer-modified asphalt binders and mixtures

The introduction of modified asphalt binders provided transportation agencies an effective tool to design balanced mixtures that can resist conflicting distresses while maintaining good long-term d...
Incorporating Ventilation Network Simulation into CFD Modeling to Analyze Airflow Distribution Around Longwall Panels

Understanding the airflow patterns in and around the longwall panel can help to identify poorly ventilated areas that may be prone to methane accumulation. Ventilation network modeling provides quick simulation time, and flexibility in adjusting airway parameters and ventilation controls. Such modeling is effective for analyzing linear ventilation networks in underground mines but not suitable for modeling flows in caved areas of hard rock mines or longwall gobs. The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) enables a more detailed investigation of the interaction between the airflows in these caved areas but requires much longer computational times. Airway friction factors and ventilation controls are simple to implement in a network model but can be difficult to model and adjust in CFD. This paper will focus on using mine ventilation network simulation to identify and analyze key parameters that are affecting airflow distribution in and around the longwall panels, which then can be used to inform a more detailed analysis obtained with CFD modeling.
Nothing to fear? Anxiety, numeracy, and demographic perceptions

Studies have found that Americans tend to overestimate the size of minority populations, a pattern that potentially increases antipathy toward racial and ethnic outgroups due to heightened perceptions of intergroup competition. Recent research, however, suggests that providing people with accurate information about racial and ethnic demographics has no discernible impact on intergroup attitudes. In this study, we consider whether anxiety is responsible for overestimates of racial and ethnic groups in the USA. We conduct an experiment where we manipulate anxiety before asking subjects to estimate the size of racial and ethnic groups at the local and national level. Contrary to our expectations, our findings suggest that there is no discernible link between emotions and estimates of minority group percentages, and in some cases, negative emotions reduce misperceptions.
Emotional Bonds with Technology: The Impact of Customer Readiness on Upgrade Intention, Brand Loyalty, and Affective Commitment through Mediation Impact of Customer Value

Drawing upon the Theory of Consumption Value, this empirical study developed a readiness-value model and examined the direct effect of customer readiness on customer value types and the mediation impact of perceived emotional and functional value toward products being used in the relationship between customer readiness and customers’ upgrade intention, customers’ loyalty intention toward the brands they are currently using and customers’ affective commitment toward their current service providers. Surveys obtained from 174 adult respondents were analyzed, and they show that customer readiness directly and significantly impacts all types of value: emotional, functional, social, monetary and epistemic. Perceived emotional value toward products in use acts as a complementary mediator and perceived functional value toward the products in use acts as a competitive mediator for the impact of customer readiness and customers’ upgrade intention. Additionally, perceived emotional value acts as a competitive mediator for the effect of customer readiness on customers’ affective commitment toward their service providers. Perceived functional value toward products being used fully mediates the effect of customer readiness on customers’ loyalty intention toward the brands they are using.
Sediment Dynamics Within Buffer Zone and Sinkhole Splay Areas Under Extreme Soil Disturbance Conditions

Sedimentation dynamics were assessed in sinkholes within training areas at Ft. Knox Military Installation, a karst landscape subjected to decades of tracked vehicle use and extreme soil disturbance. Sinkholes sampled were sediment-laden and behaved as intermittent ponds. Dendrogeomorphic analyses were conducted using willow trees (Salix spp.) located around the edge of 18 sinkholes to estimate historical sedimentation rates, and buried bottles were installed in 20 sinkholes at the center, outer edge, and at the midpoint between the center and edge to estimate annual sedimentation rates. Sedimentation data were coupled with vegetation characteristics of sinkhole buffers to determine relationships among these variables. The dendrogeomorphic method estimated an average accumulation rate of 1.27 cm year−1 translating to a sediment loss rate of 46.1 metric ton year−1 from the training areas. However, sediment export to sinkholes was estimated to be much greater (118.6 metric ton year−1) via the bottle method. These data suggest that the latter method provided a more accurate estimate since accumulation was greater in the center of sinkholes compared to the periphery where dendrogeomorphic data were collected. Vegetation data were not tightly correlated with sedimentation rates, suggesting that further research is needed to identify a viable proxy for direct measures of sediment accumulation in this extreme deposition environment. Mitigation activities for the sinkholes at Ft. Knox’s tank training area, and other heavily disturbed karst environments where extreme sedimentation exists, should consider focusing on flow path and splay area management.
Prediction and Factor Identification for Crash Severity: Comparison of Discrete Choice and Tree-Based Models:

Crash severity is one of the most widely studied topics in traffic safety area. Scholars have studied crash severity through various types of models. Using the publicly available 2017 Maryland crash data from the Department of Maryland State Police, the authors develop a multinomial logit (MNL) model and a random forest (RF) model, which belong to discrete choice and tree-based models, respectively, to (1) identify factors contributing to crash severity and (2) compare prediction performances and interpretation abilities between the two models. Based on the model results, major contributing factors of crash severity are identified, including collision type, occupant age, and speed limit. For the given dataset, RF has a higher prediction accuracy than MNL based on multiple measures (precision, recall, and F1 score), even though the differences are not dramatic. Sensitivity analysis results show that RF is less sensitive than MNL. RF can automatically capture the non-linear effects of continuous variables a...
Using linguistically defined specific details to detect deception across domains

Current automatic deception detection approaches tend to rely on cues that are based either on specific lexical items or on linguistically abstract features that are not necessarily motivated by the psychology of deception. Notably, while approaches relying on such features can do well when the content domain is similar for training and testing, they suffer when content changes occur. We investigate new linguistically defined features that aim to capture specific details, a psychologically motivated aspect of truthful versus deceptive language that may be diagnostic across content domains. To ascertain the potential utility of these features, we evaluate them on data sets representing a broad sample of deceptive language, including hotel reviews, opinions about emotionally charged topics, and answers to job interview questions. We additionally evaluate these features as part of a deception detection classifier. We find that these linguistically defined specific detail features are most useful for cross-domain deception detection when the training data differ significantly in content from the test data, and particularly benefit classification accuracy on deceptive documents. We discuss implications of our results for general-purpose approaches to deception detection.
Asmodochelys parhami, a new fossil marine turtle from the Campanian Demopolis Chalk and the stratigraphic congruence of competing marine turtle phylogenies.

Resolving the phylogeny of sea turtles is uniquely challenging given the high potential for the unification of convergent lineages due to systematic homoplasy. Equivocal reconstructions of marine t...
Demonstration of New Generation 10kV SiC MOSFET Modules in Medium Voltage Power Converters

This paper reports a comprehensive analysis of three phase converter enabled by 10kV SiC based XHV-6 modules. A thorough explanation of converter based upon 10kV XHV-6 module has been carried out. The gate driver and converter structure used for carrying out the test have been explained in details. The assessment of MOSFET modules have been carried out in several steps till final implementation of three phase VSI (voltage source inverter). Step 1 involves double pulse test, which identifies the nominal Rg and switching losses for 10kV SiC MOSFET at specified current. Double pulse test is followed by continuous operation of single 10kV switch in buck-boost converter topology (Step 2). Operation of Single MOSFET switch in buck-boost topology 1) evaluates the capacity of modules for sustaining specified dv/dt without failure 2) provide the loss data for single MOSFET switch in continuous operation. After that, MOSFET modules are operated in Single pole configuration (building block for MV converters) as half bridge topology (Step 3) for evaluating their performance in terms of losses and dv/dt current (through base plates) for complementary switching. The single pole operation is demonstrated on 5:6kV voltage stress.
Probabilistic cost-benefit analysis for service life extension of ships

Abstract Service life extension through proactive maintenance has become increasingly important for ships due to significant cost associated with new ship acquisition and adequate remaining load-carrying capacity. While continuous operation beyond design service life can offer economic profits to ship owners, it may also incur significant costs associated with maintenance and operation as well as higher failure risk. Additionally, decisions for life extension can be complicated by the uncertainties associated with structural performance under deteriorating stressors such as corrosion and fatigue. Therefore, service life extension of ships should be planned in a cost-effective and reliable manner. This paper proposes a risk-informed framework that determines the optimal end-of-life strategies for ships (service life extension or ship decommissioning and replacement). A cost-benefit analysis is integrated into the framework to account for deteriorating ship performance, life-cycle risk, loss of service, maintenance costs, and net operating profits. The proposed framework is applied to two categories of oil tankers to highlight the effect of ship size on the cost-effectiveness and net benefit of different end-of-life strategies. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the critical factors in the decision-making process.
Learning in repeated stochastic network aggregative games

We consider a repeated network aggregative game where agents are unsure about a parameter that weights their neighbors’ actions in their utility function. We consider simple learning dynamics where agents iteratively play their best response, given previous information, and update their estimate of the network weight parameter according to ordinary least squares. We derive a sufficient condition dependent on the network and on the agents’ utility function to guarantee that, under these dynamics, the agents’ strategies converge almost surely to the full information Nash equilibrium. We illustrate our theoretical results on a local public good game where agents are uncertain about the level of substitutability of their goods.
Experimental evaluation of a shrouded horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine with pre-swirl stators

Abstract Improving the efficiency and power output of hydrokinetic turbines is critical to making them a viable and cost-effective renewable energy solution. Diffusing shrouds have already been shown to improve the performance of horizontal axis, axial-flow turbines. It has been suggested that adding pre-swirl stators to the shroud could alter the inlet flow so as to maximize net tangential force on the turbine blades, thus increasing power output. There is a scarcity of published physical model test data from pre-swirl stator turbines. The present study explores this concept. Four different pre-swirl stator configurations were designed and tested on a shrouded 3-bladed turbine (26.54 cm diameter) in the 36.5 m towing tank at the United States Naval Academy. Three Reynolds numbers ( 6 . 07 × 1 0 4 , 8 . 10 × 1 0 4 , and 1 . 01 × 1 0 5 based on stator chord length), corresponding to flow speeds 0.91 m/s, 1.22 m/s, and 1.52 m/s respectively, were tested. At the lowest Reynolds number, all 4 stator configurations improved the maximum C p by 5–23% compared to the turbine with shroud only. At the middle and highest Reynolds numbers, the stator effect was mostly neutral, with one configuration showing a negative effect at the highest Reynolds number (i.e., lowered the maximum C p ). These results indicate that pre-swirl stators have the potential to improve turbine performance, particularly at lower Reynolds numbers, where the flow is more laminar and the absolute velocities are lower (for a given blade dimension). Pre-swirl stators also appear to reduce the dependence of performance on Reynolds number, flattening the curve and allowing optimal performance over a wider range of operating conditions. Further analytical and computational studies are recommended to explore these findings further, and to develop broader guidance on when pre-swirl stators are advantageous.
The progress of nerve block under ultrasound guidance in pediatric anesthesia

Visualization technology is more and more widely used in clinical anesthesia. Nerve block in pediatric anesthesia assisted by " visual" technique of ultrasound not only achieved the similar curative effect as traditional " blind" operation but also had lower incidence of complications, so this technology is more and more useful in pediatric anesthesia. This article reviewed the progress of the application of ultrasound guided nerve block in pediatric anesthesia. Key words: Ultrasonography; Nerve block; Anesthesia; Review
Design and performance of high-temperature furnace and cell holder for in situ spectroscopic, electrochemical, and radiolytic investigations of molten salts

To facilitate the development of molten salt reactor technologies, a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical properties of molten salts under the combined conditions of high temperature and intense radiation fields is necessary. Optical spectroscopic (UV-Vis-near IR) and electrochemical techniques are powerful analytical tools to probe molecular structure, speciation, thermodynamics, and kinetics of solution dynamics. Here, we report the design and fabrication of three custom-made apparatus: (i) a multi-port spectroelectrochemical furnace equipped with optical spectroscopic and electrochemical instrumentation, (ii) a high-temperature cell holder for time-resolved optical detection of radiolytic transients in molten salts, and (iii) a miniaturized spectroscopy furnace for the investigation of steady-state electron beam effects on molten salt speciation and composition by optical spectroscopy. Initial results obtained with the spectroelectrochemical furnace (i) and high-temperature cell holder (ii) are reported.
Surgical Treatment for Capsular Contracture: A New Paradigm and Algorithm.

BACKGROUND Capsular contracture following breast augmentation is prone to recurrence with conventional surgical therapy. Adding acellular dermal matrix improves results but significantly increases operating time and cost. This study tested a new treatment algorithm that uses acellular dermal matrix selectively to optimize success rates while minimizing its drawbacks. METHODS All patients surgically treated by the authors for Baker grade III/IV capsular contracture between 2007 and 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data were collected on patient, breast augmentation, capsular contracture, and surgical treatment characteristics, in addition to follow-up findings. Treatment success was defined as Baker grade II or better. RESULTS One hundred eighty patients underwent 217 surgical treatments for capsular contracture. Conventional treatment was used in 185 cases and acellular dermal matrix in 32. Twenty-six patients were treated for a second occurrence and four were treated for a third. The average follow-up was 2.4 years. Conventional treatment was successful in 72.5 percent of first occurrences, 62.5 percent of second occurrences, and 50.0 percent of third occurrences. Acellular dermal matrix was successful in 96.9 percent of cases. The odds of failure were increased by bilateral capsular contracture (3.9 times) and previous treatment failure (3.5 times). When acellular dermal matrix was used selectively for bilateral capsular contracture or in unilateral cases with a previous treatment failure, the overall treatment success rate improved to 85.6 percent compared with 64.2 percent when this algorithm was not followed (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that selective acellular dermal matrix use can increase success rate to over 85 percent in the overall treatment of capsular contracture, and to nearly 100 percent in individual cases.
Etograma y análisis de los sonidos realizados por los machos durante la cópula en Colletes musculus (Friese) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

En el presente estudio se describe el comportamiento de copula de los machos de Colletes musculus (Friese). Se analizan los sonidos producidos por ellos mediante vibracion de las alas durante el apareamiento. Reevaluamos la conducta reproductiva en machos de C. musculus, basandonos en el analisis de las interacciones de los comportamientos reproductivos filmados en una poblacion del sur de Chile. Las vibraciones que producen los machos durante la copula podrian servir para cambiarla receptividad de las hembras. Se describen las conductas registradas antes, durante y despues de la copula las que se representan en un etograma, que resume el comportamiento de copula de los machos.
An Empirical Dynamic Model of Trade with Consumer Accumulation

This paper develops a dynamic structural model of trade in which firms slowly accumulate consumers in foreign markets. Estimating the model using export data from individual firms and a particle Markov chain Monte Carlo estimator, the model predicts lower survival rates for new exporters and estimates low entry costs of exporting—less than half of those estimated in the absence of consumer accumulation. Using simulations and out-of-sample predictions, I show that the introduction of such frictions and the reduction in estimated entry costs allow the model to match important facts regarding the aggregate response of international trade to shocks.
Form: an experiment in the annotation of the kinetics of gesture

The most obvious way that humans communicate is through speech, and, as such, there has been a great deal of work in Linguistics; Logic, and Computer Science aimed at understanding, formalizing, and automatically generating and analyzing all aspects of human speech. However, speech is not the only means of communication available to us; we are able to send complex and subtle messages to each other via a variety of other means as well. Gesture is another important channel for conveying intent and meaning. However, unlike the current state of research on speech, gesture research has only very coarse-level categorizations covering the types of gestures and very little in the way of fine-grained techniques for analysis. The current state of the science has gestures divided into essentially four broad categories---beat, iconic, metaphoric, and deictic---and has each gesture decomposable into only four types of constituent phases: preparation, stroke, hold and retraction. We accept this state of the field as our starting point. That is, we accept that there are at least some gestures that are classifiable as described above and that these gestures may be able to be broken down into their constituent phases. However, a coding scheme that only labels the gesture or phase as a whole runs the risk of missing important variations in meaning created by subtle changes in the components of a gesture in question. Slight differences in the make-up of a beat gesture, for example, may well express very different things concerning the mood or intention of the speaker. Accordingly, we have developed a fine-grained, gesture coding scheme---FORM---that allows annotators to exhaustively capture the constituent parts of the gestures of video-recorded speakers. In this thesis we present the FORM annotation scheme, inter-annotator-agreement studies, and the results of some hidden-Markov-model experiments using FORM. Additionally; we compare FORM to more accepted methods of automatic data gathering. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop something like a "phonetics" of gesture that will be useful for both building better HCI systems and doing fundamental scientific research into the communicative process.
Ultrafast high quality ultrasound imaging using k-space beamforming and angular compounding with coherence factor

The high frame rate ultrasonic imaging has enabled new powerful imaging modalities such as Elastography. To achieve high frame rate, the plane-wave transmission and post-acquisition beamforming are used. However, because of lack of transmission focusing, the images obtained using plane-wave transmission suffers from low resolution and low contrast. Therefore, in this paper we proposed a way to improve the beamforming process by using k-space beamforming and angular compounding with coherence factor method. With our new method, high-quality echographic images are obtained without significantly affect the high frame rate capabilities. Tissue-mimicking phantom experimental results of the proposed method have been demonstrated. According to the experimental results, the proposed method is able to reach an image quality comparable to conventional B-mode with only 5 angles of plane-wave insonification.
Integrative planning of society and technology: The emerging role of the university

Abstract If we are to assess technological development in terms of the quality of life, then it becomes necessary to adopt a systems approach when forecasting and planning technological change. Leadership in the reformulation of science and technology in this light could rest with the universities. They have a unique opportunity to transform their teaching and research facilities, to bring together the various disciplines, and to guide government and industry.
Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS, WISC, WPPSI)

The WISC, WAIS, and WPPSI have enjoyed an unprecedented research and clinical history since the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale was published in 1939. The current fourth editions of the tests have departed considerably from the Verbal-Performance organization of the scales that characterized all versions through the WISC-III, WAIS-III, and WPPSI-III, although a psychologist from the 1940s would immediately recognize the current Wechsler scales. The latest editions of the scales reflect contemporary research and theory in cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology, and psychometrics and continue to be the most popular “IQ tests” in the world. Keywords: Binet, Alfred; cognitive science; intelligence; intelligence quotient (IQ); measurement in psychology; psychometric testing; Terman, Lewis; testing in psychology; Wechsler, David; Yerkes, Robert
Decentralized Stable Factors and Parametrization of Decentralized Controllers

Decentralized Stable Factors (DSF) are introduced to extend the results of Stable Factorization to the design of decentralized controllers. A parametrization of all the stabilizing decentralized controllers is presented using the DSF. This parametrization is in the form of a Youla parametrization with a decentralised controller providing the central controller. In addition, the parameters must satisfY an interaction constraint which depends On the DSF. Connections with some of the available results on decentralized control systems are established. State-space algorithm are developed for the synthesis of DSF using two different decentralized control structures.
Community Perception of Redevelopment Changes and Its Impact on Brownfields Redevelopment Success

Citizens can be resistant to environmental changes which may be disruptive to their ideology, affections, and rootedness to place. Changes may be even more disruptive if citizens perceive them to occur too rapidly. How communities assess these changes in their neighborhoods is linked to their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with initiatives executed. Satisfaction is one mechanism by which individuals respond to environmental and social changes because it embodies judgmental and cognitive processes in how they assess policies that affect their well being. This research purports that citizens’ acceptance of brownfields redevelopment is related to their perception of community improvements. This research therefore uses public satisfaction as a measure in assessing the perception of success of three brownfield redevelopment projects in Passaic County New Jersey. Their perception of satisfaction results after they have objectively assessed attributes of their social and physical environment. This research uses a variety of quantitative tools with supporting qualitative documentation to explain the effects that the community changes have on the neighborhoods’ perceived success of the redevelopment projects. A survey of 129 respondents residing near three brownfields redevelopment projects in three municipalities in Passaic County New Jersey was conducted. The purpose was to discover the relationship between changes in the built environment and social neighborhood and the level of acceptance or satisfaction with the redevelopment project. Affected citizens’ sentiment of what is valued in a prospective and actual redevelopment exercise was sought. To complement the respondents’ ‘observed changes’ public officials, were questioned and Council Minutes were reviewed in each municipality. Minutes dated from before to after the redevelopments and also newspaper reports were perused for mention of any changes that could be attributed to the redevelopments. The results of this survey indicate that citizens regard improvements in the built environment as well as the social environment as highly significant criteria in evaluating brownfields redevelopment beneficial use. Citizens have high expectations from these brownfield redevelopment projects and tend to be more responsive and supportive when more than one observed positive and less negative changes in the built environment were observed. Brownsfield redevelopment projects received ratings that are more positive when the end use is consistent with citizens’ values and lifestyles and not detract from it. Therefore, this research gives insight to policy makers of how this policy is impacting neighborhoods and to provide guidance to assess how they are progressing towards achieving a major brownfields sustainable goal which is improvement in citizens’ quality of life.
Control of ADAR1 editing of hepatitis delta virus RNAs

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) uses ADAR1 editing of the viral antigenome RNA to switch from viral RNA replication to packaging. At early times in the replication cycle, the virus produces the protein HDAg-S, which is required for RNA synthesis; at later times, as result of editing at the amber/W site, the virus produces HDAg-L, which is required for packaging, but inhibits further RNA synthesis as levels increase. Control of editing during the replication cycle is essential for the virus and is multifaceted. Both the rate at which amber/W site editing occurs and the ultimate amount of editing are restricted; moreover, despite the nearly double stranded character of the viral RNA, efficient editing is restricted to the amber/W site. The mechanisms used by the virus for controlling editing operate at several levels, and range from molecular interactions to procedural. They include the placement of editing in the HDV replication cycle, RNA structural dynamics, and interactions of both ADAR1 and HDAg with specific structural features of the RNA. That HDV genotypes 1 and 3 use different RNA structural features for editing and control the process in ways related to these features underscores the critical roles of editing and its control in HDV replication. This review will cover the mechanisms of editing at the amber/W site and the means by which the virus controls it in these two genotypes.
Instructional Internships: Improving the Teaching and Learning Experience for Students, Interns, and Faculty.

Students training for clinical careers must acquire skills for teaching clients, their families, and fellow professionals. Guidelines for training programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders (Speech-Language Pathology), however, do not currently include standards for pedagogy. The aim of this study was to measure changes in undergraduate students' perceptions of teaching and learning following an Instructional Internship experience, where they served as teaching assistants for foundational knowledge courses in the major. Using a qualitative research design, we coded 31 participants' statements from pre- and post-internship essays and identified major themes and sub-themes. Our results indicate that by participating in a teaching experience, students develop a deeper appreciation for the relationships between classroom pedagogy, their own learning, and clinical practice. While this study focuses on a pedagogical experience for undergraduate students in a Communication Sciences and Disorders program, the principles and results are generalizable to other professions that train students to provide clinical and educational services.