cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mineral and trace element contents in bread

Abstract Nineteen different bread varieties baked at 13 different locations in Egypt, from Aswan at the far South to Edfina on the Mediterranean Sea, were collected. These breads were formulated with wheat and/or corn flour with or without other ingredients such as fenugreek or okra. Sixteen elements were measured by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The overall average concentrations of these elements in the investigated breads were as follows (in μg/g): Br, 5.06; Ca, 326; Cl, 2062; Cr, 0.95; Co, 0.044; Fe, 54.0; K, 2086; Mg, 692; Mn, 11.6; Na, 1709; Rb, 1.6; Sb, 0.040; Sc, 0.01; Se, 0.28 and Zn, 11.5. No As was detected in any of the bread types investigated. Assuming an average daily intake of 500 g, bread delivers 15–35% of RDA for Ca; 29–69% for K; 62–100% for Mg; 1–100% for Na; 33–77% for Zn; 43–100% for Se; 73–100% for Cr and 100% for Fe and Mn.
Gene structure of the murine NK cell receptor 2B4: presence of two alternatively spliced isoforms with distinct cytoplasmic domains.

The NK cell receptor 2B4 is expressed on the surface of all murine NK cells and a subset of T cells. Ligation of 2B4 with monoclonal antibodies increases target cell lysis and IFN-γ production. 2B4 is the high-affinity counter-receptor for CD48 in mice and humans. 2B4-L is a member of the CD2 subgroup of the immunoglobulin supergene family, which includes CD48, LFA-3, CD84, Ly9 and SLAM. Here we describe 2B4-S, a second 2B4 isoform, and the genomic structure of the 2B4 gene. 2B4-S is identical to the 5′ end of 2B4-L, differing only at the 3′ end, corresponding to a portion of the cytoplasmic domain and the 3′ untranslated sequence. Both 2B4-L and 2B4-S are expressed on IL-2-activated NK cells. The genomic clone of 2B4 reveals that the two cDNA clones are products of alternative splicing. Since they differ only in a portion of the cytoplasmic domain, it is likely that they transduce different signals.
Die ultravioletten Banden des Phosphoroxyds

Die Ultraviolettbanden des PO werden mit hoher Dispersion ausgemessen. Sie werden in ein einziges System eingeordnet. Fur die Schwingungskonstanten des Molekuls ergeben sich die folgenden Werte:ω′ e =1391,0 cm−1,x′ e ω′ e =7,65 cm−1,ω′ e =1230,64 cm−1,x′ e ω′ e =6,52 cm−1. Die fur den tieferen Zustand berechnete Dissoziationswarme betragt 7,4 Volt. Das Bandensystem wird einem2 e →2 Π-Ubergang zugeschrieben.
Low-fat, High-added Water Bologna: Effects of Massaging, Preblending, and Time of Addition of Water and Fat on Physical and Sensory Characteristics

The low-fat, high-added water bologna (10% fat-30% added water) had lower values for Instron TPA and tensile strength and higher values for cohesiveness, springiness, and cooking and purge losses than the control (30% fat-10% added water). Massaging of low-fat formulations tended to increase Instron TPA values compared with preblended or nonpreblended low-fat bologna. Low-fat products produced by massaging with all of the added water but none of the added fat had less purge during storage than low-fat treatments that were not massaged. However, none of the low-fat processing regimens produced bologna with sufficient water-binding capacity nccessav to maintain cooking losses of less than 6% and purge accumulation less than 2%.
Unified GPU voxel collision detection for mobile manipulation planning.

Abstract—This paper gives an overview on our frameworkfor efﬁcient collision detection in robotic applications. It uniﬁesdifferent data structures and algorithms that are optimizedfor Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) architectures. A speed-upin various planning scenarios is achieved by utilizing storagestructures that meet speciﬁc demands of typical use-cases likemobile platform planning or full body planning. The system isalso able to monitor the execution of motion trajectories forintruding dynamic obstacles and triggers a replanning or stopsthe execution. The presented collision detection is deployed inlocal dynamic planning with live pointcloud data as well as inglobal a-priori planning. Three different mobile manipulationscenarios are used to evaluate the performance of our approach. I. I NTRODUCTION Complex autonomous systems typically rely on time in-tensive and non-agile motion planning software to achievegiven objectives. This depicts a big handicap which needsto be overcome to bring mobile service robots into reallife scenarios. We tackle the problem through massivelyparallelizing the collision detection sub-problem to solve iton General Purpose GPU (GPGPU) Hardware.In this work we ﬁrst introduce the characteristics ofplanning data and describe the capabilities of our uniﬁedcollision detection framework before we illustrate its practi-cal application by the example of motion primitive and fullbody planning for our mobile manipulation platforms fromFig. 7.II. R
Injecting risk behavior among traveling young injection drug users: travel partner and city characteristics.

Young injection drug users (IDUs), a highly mobile population, engage in high levels of injecting risk behavior, yet little is understood about how such risk behavior may vary by the characteristics of the cities to which they travel, including the existence of a syringe exchange program (SEP), as well as travel partner characteristics. In 2004–2005, we conducted a 6-month prospective study to investigate the risk behavior of 89 young IDUs as they traveled, with detailed information gathered about 350 city visits. In multivariable analyses, travel to larger urban cities with a population of 500,000–1,000,000 was significantly associated with injecting drugs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.71; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.56–8.82), ancillary equipment sharing (AES; AOR = 7.05; 95 % CI, 2.25–22.06) and receptive needle sharing (RNS; AOR = 5.73; 95 % CI, 1.11–27.95), as compared with visits to smaller cities with populations below 50,000. Region of the country, and the existence of a SEP within the city visited, were not independently associated with injecting drugs, AES, or RNS during city visits. Traveling with more than one injecting partner was associated with injecting drugs during city visits (AOR = 2.77; 95 % CI, 1.46–5.27), when compared with traveling alone. Additionally, both non-daily and daily/almost daily alcohol use during city visits were associated with AES (AOR = 3.37; 95 % CI, 1.42–7.68; AOR = 3.03; 95 % CI, 1.32–6.97, respectively) as compared with no alcohol consumption. Traveling young IDUs are more likely to inject when traveling with other IDUs and to engage in higher risk injection behavior when they are in large cities. Risk behavior occurring in city visits, including equipment sharing and alcohol consumption, suggests further need for focused interventions to reduce risk for viral infection among this population.
Multiple Protein Domains Contribute to the Action of the Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase

The copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (SOD1) inserts the catalytic metal cofactor into SOD1 by an unknown mechanism. We demonstrate here that this process involves the cooperation of three distinct regions of the copper chaperone for SOD1 (CCS): an amino-terminal Domain I homologous to the Atx1p metallochaperone, a central portion (Domain II) homologous to SOD1, and a short carboxyl-terminal peptide unique to CCS molecules (Domain III). These regions fold into distinct polypeptide domains as revealed through proteolysis protection studies. The biological roles of the yeast CCS domains were examined in yeast cells. Surprisingly, Domain I was found to be necessary only under conditions of strict copper limitation. Domain I and Atx1p were not interchangeable in vivo, underscoring the specificity of the corresponding metallochaperones. A putative copper site in Domain II was found to be irrelevant to yeast CCS activity, but SOD1 activation invariably required a C X C in Domain III that binds copper. Copper binding to purified yeast CCS induced allosteric conformational changes in Domain III and also enhanced homodimer formation of the polypeptide. Our results are consistent with a model whereby Domain I recruits cellular copper, Domain II facilitates target recognition, and Domain III, perhaps in concert with Domain I, mediates copper insertion into apo-SOD1.
Flow cytometry of breast carcinoma: I. Relation of DNA ploidy level to histology and estrogen receptor

Flow cytometry studies of the DNA distribution of tumor cells from 92 human breast cancers showed measurable aneuploidy (hyperploidy) in 83 cases (92%). The DNA ploidy values were unimodal in each case, but there was a bimodal distribution for the entire series. One group of tumors had a diploid or near diploid DNA distribution and a second group had ploidy levels from triploid to tetraploid or higher. The tumors with lower DNA ploidy (at or near diploid) tended to be histologically low grade, cytologically more orderly and estrogen-binding positive; those with higher DNA ploidy were more likely to be higher grade, more anaplastic, and estrogen-binding negative.
On Kaluza-Klein relativity.

Starting with the hypothesis that space-time is locally embedded in a (4+n)-dimensiorial flat spaceM4+n, a geometric Kaluza-Klein theory is derived withSO(10) gauge symmetry and an additional spin-2 field represented by the second fundamental formb ij . This quadratic form imposes a natural boundary on the complementary subspace orthogonal to the space-time, regarded as the internal space. The Gauss-Coddazi-Ricci equations are combined to produce low-energy field equations whereb i enters as a source field. High-energy dynamics are described by a continuum of space-time perturbations inM4+ n induced byb ij , satisfying Einstein-Yang-Mills equations. The spaceM4+n is regarded as a particular space representing the ground state of a more general theory yet to be constructed.
Polypyrrole/Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites with Tunable Electrical Conductivity

Conductive polypyrrole/SiC nanocomposites are fabricated via a facile oxidative polymerization approach using p-toluene sulfonic acid as a dopant and ammonium persulfate as an oxidant. The effects of the nanoparticle loading, ratio of oxidant to monomers, and nanoparticle morphology (spheres and rods) on the physicochemical properties are investigated. Various characterization methods are carried out to determine the material properties. Thermal gravimetric analysis demonstrates an improved thermal stability of polypyrrole in the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) with a higher decomposition temperature. The glass-transition temperature and melting temperature of the polymer and its nanocomposites are determined by differential scanning calorimetry with a decreased melting temperature of polypyrrole in the PNCs. The microstructures of pure polypyrrole and PNCs are observed by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates the crytallinity of polypyrrole, and poor crystallinity is ...
Base Pair Stability of 8-Chloro- and 8-Iodo-2‘-deoxyguanosine Opposite 2‘-Deoxycytidine: Implications Regarding the Bioactivity of 8-Oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine

8-Oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine (OdG) is an abundant and promutagenic damaged nucleotide that has been linked to aging and disease. To gain insight into the alternate base pairings of OdG, 8-chloro- and 8-iodo-2‘-deoxyguanosine were incorporated into oligonucleotides and, along with 2‘-deoxyguanosine and 8-bromo-2‘-deoxyguanosine, were tested for their stability in base pairs opposite dC. We found a strong correlation between increased atomic radius and bond length at C8 and decreased base pair stability. These findings along with NMR studies on the base conformation of the corresponding nucleosides support the theory that the steric bulk of the 8-oxygen plays a role in OdG mutation and disease.
Analysis of oligonucleotide photoproducts produced by UV-A light and a riboflavin photosensitizer

DNA damage is caused by a variety of foreign and endogenous compounds. There are endogenous photosensitizers in cells, such as porphyrins and flavins, which may create damage in the presence of UV-A light. Typically, samples are analyzed by 32P-postlabelling and electrophoretic separation or by LC-MS separation and detection. Separation by HPLC is common; however, in all instances, the DNA sample is hydrolyzed down to nucleosides prior to analysis. It will be shown here that ion-pairing reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) has the ability to provide biophysical information concerning the sites of UV-A induced photosensitizer damage on an intact oligonucleotide concurrent with the separation. IP-RPLC is less labor intensive and faster than electrophoretic methods and it is less costly than LC-MS. IP-RPLC can also be used to purify modified oligonucleotides for further use and analysis. This technique is sensitive to the charge, conformation, and sequence characteristics of the nucleic acid sample and may be used to determine the damage or modifications made to DNA by a variety of compounds.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The enthalpies of dilution of aqueous boric acid solutions at several temperatures

The enthalpies of dilution of boric acid in the molality range 0.7 to 0.1 mol kg−1 have been measured at 283.15, 288.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 323.15 K. The enthalpy of dilution to infinite dilution, ΔH∞ail, of boric acid was found to vary linearly with molality m according to the relation Δ H d i l ∞ / c a l t h m o l − 1 = − { − 137.79 + 6.79 ( T / K − 273.15 ) − 0.19 ( T / K − 273.15 ) 2 + 0.002 ( T / K − 273.15 ) 3 } m / m o l k g − 1 , where T is the temperature. The average deviation was ± 0.15 calthmol−1 over the entire temperature range studied.
Diurnal variations of mouse plasma and hepatic bile acid concentrations as well as expression of biosynthetic enzymes and transporters.

Background Diurnal fluctuation of bile acid (BA) concentrations in the enterohepatic system of mammals has been known for a long time. Recently, BAs have been recognized as signaling molecules beyond their well-established roles in dietary lipid absorption and cholesterol homeostasis. Methods and Results The current study depicted diurnal variations of individual BAs detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) in serum and livers collected from C57BL/6 mice fed a regular chow or a chow containing cholestyramine (resin). Circadian rhythms of mRNA of vital BA-related nuclear receptors, enzymes, and transporters in livers and ilea were determined in control- and resin-fed mice, as well as in farnesoid X receptor (FXR) null mice. The circadian profiles of BAs showed enhanced bacterial dehydroxylation during the fasting phase and efficient hepatic reconjugation of BAs in the fed phase. The resin removed more than 90% of BAs with β-hydroxy groups, such as muricholic acids and ursodeoxycholic acid, from serum and livers, but did not exert as significant influence on CA and CDCA in both compartments. Both resin-fed and FXR-null mouse models indicate that BAs regulate their own biosynthesis through the FXR-regulated ileal fibroblast growth factor 15. BA flux also influences the daily mRNA levels of multiple BA transporters. Conclusion BA concentration and composition exhibit circadian variations in mouse liver and serum, which influences the circadian rhythms of BA metabolizing genes in liver and ileum. The diurnal variations of BAs appear to serve as a signal that coordinates daily nutrient metabolism in mammals.
Static ankle impedance in stroke and multiple sclerosis: A feasibility study

Quantitative characterization of ankle mechanical impedance is critical for understanding lower extremity function in persons with neurological disorders. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of employing an ankle robot and multivariable analysis to determine static ankle impedance in 4 patients: 1 with multiple sclerosis and 3 with stroke. We employed a scalar based vector field approximation method which was successful in identifying young healthy subjects' ankle impedance. It enabled clear interpretation of spatial ankle impedance structure and intermuscular feedback at the ankle for both affected and unaffected legs. Measured impedance of two patients was comparable to healthy young subjects, while the other two patients had significantly different static ankle impedance properties.
Dealing with circular correlation effects

Discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) are typically used to compute correlations and implementing correlation filters (CFs). Because of the properties of DFTs, resulting correlations are actually circular (also known as periodic) correlations. Using current CF design techniques, it is not possible to design a CF that produces exactly the desired linear correlation output. There are several techniques that may be used to reduce the effects of circular correlation. In this paper, we describe these techniques and provide some experimental results that compare these techniques. This work is sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing offcial policies, either expressed or implied, of AFRL, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. This document is approved for public released via PA#: 88ABW-2013-1359.
Early Anti-Slavery Sentiment in the Spanish Atlantic World, 1765–1817

This article examines the dynamics of slavery and anti-slavery in the Spanish Empire prior to the Independence of the Spanish American mainland. Rather than focusing on the Spanish Caribbean and the ‘late’ period of slavery in the second half of the nineteenth century, it explores slavery and abolition in the colonial period from an imperial perspective, using early abolitionist texts, records from the Spanish Cortes of 1810–1812, and various royal decrees pertaining to slavery. Although Spain did not abolish the slave trade until 1817, and only did so with intense outside pressure, the prevailing notion that there was no native anti-slavery movement in the Spanish Empire overlooks a more complex reality. Early anti-slavery movements were relatively quiet in the late Spanish Empire, yet outlining their contours helps to illuminate the pragmatic nature of Spanish imperial rule in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. This article also shows how the development of pro-slavery and anti-slavery ...
Lattice statics of interfaces and interfacial cracks in bimaterial solids

A method for calculating lattice statics Green’s function is described for a bimaterial lattice or a bicrystal containing a plane interface. The method involves creation of two half space lattices containing free surfaces and then joining them to form a bicrystal. The two half space lattices may have different structures as in a two-phase bicrystal or may be of the same type but joined at different orientations to form a grain boundary interface. The method is quite general but, in this paper, has been applied only to a simple model bicrystal formed by two simple cubic lattices with nearest neighbor interactions. The bimaterial Green’s function is modified to account for an interfacial crack that is used to calculate the displacement field due to an applied external force. It is found that the displacement field, as calculated by using the lattice theory, does not have the unphysical oscillations predicted by the continuum theory.
EphB4 Expression Along Adult Rat Microvascular Networks: EphB4 Is More Than a Venous Specific Marker

Objective: EphrinB2 and EphB4 are considered to be markers of arterial/venous identity during embryonic development. However, the expression patterns of these arterial/venous-specific markers in adult microvascular networks remain unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize the cellular distribution of EphB4 expression along the hierarchy of unstimulated and remodeling adult rat mesenteric microvascular networks.Methods: Mesenteric tissue was harvested from unstimulated and stimulated adult male Fisher rats, and stained for various combinations of EphB4, SM α -actin, NG2, and isolectin/CD-31. The distribution of EphB4 expression was compared to the cell-specific markers along arteriole, venule, and capillary segments for each mesenteric microvascular network (n = 32). Arterial/venous expression was also characterized in subcutaneous tissue and spinotrapezius muscle.Results: Endothelial cells along both venules and arterioles stained positive for EphB4. EphB4 expression levels along capillarie...
Adherence to Varenicline Among African American Smokers: An Exploratory Analysis Comparing Plasma Concentration, Pill Count, and Self-report

INTRODUCTION Measuring adherence to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy is important to evaluating its effectiveness. Blood levels are considered the most accurate measure of adherence but are invasive and costly. Pill counts and self-report are more practical, but little is known about their relationship to blood levels. This study compared the validity of pill count and self-report against plasma varenicline concentration for measuring pharmacotherapy adherence. METHODS Data were obtained from a randomized pilot study of varenicline for smoking cessation among African American smokers. Adherence was measured on Day 12 via plasma varenicline concentration, pill count, 3-day recall, and a visual analogue scale (VAS; adherence was represented on a line with two extremes "no pills" and "all pills"). RESULTS The sample consisted of 55 African American moderate to heavy smokers (average 16.8 cigarettes/day, SD = 5.6) and 63.6% were female. Significant correlations (p < .05) were found between plasma varenicline concentration and pill count (r = .56), 3-day recall (r = .46), and VAS (r = .29). Using plasma varenicline concentration of 2.0 ng/ml as the cutpoint for adherence, pill count demonstrated the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.85, p = .01) and had 88% sensitivity (95% CI = 75.0-95.0) and 80% specificity (95% CI = 30.0-99.0) for detecting adherence. CONCLUSIONS Of 3 commonly used adherence measures, pill count was the most valid for identifying adherence in this sample of African American smokers. Pill count has been used across other health domains and could be incorporated into treatment to identify nonadherence, which, in turn, could maximize smoking cessation pharmacotherapy use and improve abstinence rates.
Research on babesiosis vaccines

Babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease of animals characterized by pyrexia, anemia, occasionally hemoglobinuria, and the presence of infecting protozoa in the host’s erythrocytes [1]. Losses due to babesiosis may be higher than 50% when susceptible cattle are introduced into endemic areas of the disease. Animals which survive the acute phase of the disease remain carries of the agent for variable periods of time. Accordingly, two categories of infection are recognized being babesiosis and babesiasis. Babesiosis refers to the period when there is rapid growth and multiplication of the parasite and there are clinical signs of disease, while babesiasis encompasses the latent infections observed in animals which have recovered from the clinical disease and in newborn animals passively immunized via colostrum. Other occasionally used synonymous terminologies for babesiosis are: Texas cattle tick fever, prioplasmosis, tick fever, red water and tristesa.
Continuous long-term observations of UV laser- and LED-induced fluorescence of processed drinking water

We have used a deep-UV laser-induced fluorescence system to monitor in real time organic species present in tap water. We have also tested a 265 nm UV-LED as an excitation source for our system.
Reaction‐Transport Models for Radiocarbon in Groundwater: The Effects of Longitudinal Dispersion and the use of Sr Isotope Ratios to Correct for Water‐Rock Interaction

We expand a model for isotope ratios in groundwater-rock systems to consider the ratio of 14C to dissolved inorganic carbon, or “percent modern carbon.” The model couples one-dimensional advection and dispersion with water-rock interaction and radioactive decay. We use a Fickian formulation to model longitudinal macrodispersion and present a formula for the groundwater velocity error introduced when dispersion is ignored, as a function of dispersivity and decrease in percent modern carbon. For example, if the longitudinal dispersivity were one tenth the length of observation and percent modern carbon decreased tenfold along a flow path, the error would be 23%. We also present a method for inversion of 87Sr/86Sr and 14C data to obtain carbonate dissolution rates and dissolution-corrected water velocities and apply this technique using published data from the Lincolnshire aquifer, England. The results are similar to those obtained using the δ13C method.
Role of material properties in the cratering record of young platy‐ridged lava on Mars

[1] Platy-ridged surfaces in the Elysium Planitia region of Mars exhibit different crater densities on rafted plates and polygonally patterned areas between them. Rather than being indicative of different ages, these differences provide insight into the variable strength of different types of lava surface. The sizes of small craters, and the resulting size-frequency distribution (SFD), depend on the material strength of target surfaces. Brecciated lava surfaces are likely to have higher crater densities than coherent lava.
Developing a comprehensive diagnostic and interventional nephrology program at an academic center

Procedure-related delays in the treatment of patients with renal disease can be minimized and nephrology care can be delivered more efficiently by a nephrologist trained in nephrology-related procedures. Referrals to a radiologist for renal ultrasound and biopsy, to a surgeon for dialysis access placement, and to an interventional radiologist for dialysis catheter placement and vascular access procedures are time consuming and inconvenient to patients with renal disease. Moreover, such an approach may result in delays in the availability of critical diagnostic information and a break in the continuity of care. In an effort to optimize the care of nephrology patients, we developed a diagnostic and interventional nephrology (DIN) program that effectively deals with nephrology-related procedures in a timely manner. At present, some of the commonly performed nephrology-related procedures at our center include diagnostic ultrasonography, ultrasound-guided renal biopsy, peritoneal dialysis access procedures, permanent tunneled hemodialysis catheter placement, and endovascular procedures for arteriovenous dialysis access dysfunction. To date, we have performed 893 procedures during a period of 2 years. This article describes our approach and the tools required to develop a DIN program at an academic medical center.
DNMT3A Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

BACKGROUND The genetic alterations responsible for an adverse outcome in most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are unknown. METHODS Using massively parallel DNA sequencing, we identified a somatic mutation in DNMT3A, encoding a DNA methyltransferase, in the genome of cells from a patient with AML with a normal karyotype. We sequenced the exons of DNMT3A in 280 additional patients with de novo AML to define recurring mutations. RESULTS A total of 62 of 281 patients (22.1%) had mutations in DNMT3A that were predicted to affect translation. We identified 18 different missense mutations, the most common of which was predicted to affect amino acid R882 (in 37 patients). We also identified six frameshift, six nonsense, and three splice-site mutations and a 1.5-Mbp deletion encompassing DNMT3A. These mutations were highly enriched in the group of patients with an intermediate-risk cytogenetic profile (56 of 166 patients, or 33.7%) but were absent in all 79 patients with a favorable-risk cytogenetic profile (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The median overall survival among patients with DNMT3A mutations was significantly shorter than that among patients without such mutations (12.3 months vs. 41.1 months, P<0.001). DNMT3A mutations were associated with adverse outcomes among patients with an intermediate-risk cytogenetic profile or FLT3 mutations, regardless of age, and were independently associated with a poor outcome in Cox proportional-hazards analysis. CONCLUSIONS DNMT3A mutations are highly recurrent in patients with de novo AML with an intermediate-risk cytogenetic profile and are independently associated with a poor outcome. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF N,N,N'-TRISUBSTITUTED FORMAMIDINES.

The applicability of a method for preparing trisubstituted formamidines by treating isocyanates with an excess of formamides under neutral conditions at 150° was examined. This amidine-forming reaction was limited to the use of aryl isocyanates when treated with N , N -dimethylformamide as the solvent.
Heating of ceramic joints by a high-power 83-GHz millimeter-wave beam

Summary form only given, as follows. The high power beams which can be generated by CW gyrotrons represent a promising new energy source for high-temperature processing of materials. An experimental facility based on an 83-GHz, 15-kW CW industrial gyrotron, produced by Gycom Ltd., has been set up at the Naval Research Laboratory to investigate novel mm-wave-beam-based approaches to processing ceramic materials including sintering, coating, and joining applications. Current experimental and theoretical studies are investigating the formation of strong bonds between ceramics and between ceramics and metals using controlled, selective heating of the joint region. The development of a successful joining process requires a consideration of the material thermal and dielectric properties to model the response to energy deposition by the beam. In this paper a method of evaluating the time-dependent temperature profile in the joint region is discussed. The region is treated as a composite system comprised of slabs of dielectric material, and the heat conduction problem including heat generation is solved using a Green's function approach. The modeling studies are being used to guide joining experiments in progress. Available results will be presented.
Monoubiquitination of Filamin B Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Mediated Trafficking of Histone Deacetylase 7

Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of class IIa of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is a key mechanism that controls cell fate and animal development. We have identified the filamin B (FLNB) as a novel HDAC7-interacting protein that is required for temporal and spatial regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated HDAC7 cytoplasmic sequestration. This interaction occurs in the cytoplasm and requires monoubiquitination of an evolutionarily conserved lysine 1147 (K1147) in the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like repeat 10 (R10) of FLNB and the nuclear localization sequence of HDAC7. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) blocks VEGF-induced ubiquitination of FLNB and its interaction with HDAC7. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of FLNB or ubiquitin (Ub) in human primary endothelial cells blocks VEGF-mediated cytoplasmic accumulation of HDAC7, reduces VEGF-induced expression of the HDAC7 target genes Mmp-10 and Nur77, and inhibits VEGF-induced vascular permeability. Using dominant negative mutants and rescue experiments, we demonstrate the functional significance of FLNB K1147 to interfere with the ability of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to promote FLNB-mediated cytoplasmic accumulation of HDAC7. Taken together, our data show that VEGF and PKC promote degradation-independent protein ubiquitination of FLNB to control intracellular trafficking of HDAC7.
Chaos, strategy, and action: How not to fiddle while Rome burns

The US financial meltdown has changed companies' situations not just fundamentally but pervasively. Institutions and channels of supply and communication have disappeared or become unreliable; we are literally managing in chaos, and traditional notions of strategy, planning, and implementation must be (temporarily, it is to be hoped) discarded. This presentation draws on classic management theory and newer ideas, to outline principles for managing for survival in times of chaos. It introduces new management cycles as alternatives to Fayol's classic management cycle, and a corresponding taxonomy of organizational situations, including Stable, Chaos, Edge of Chaos, and Disaster.
Vagus nerve stimulation relieves chronic refractory migraine and cluster headaches

Anticonvulsant and antidepressant medications have demonstrated efficacy in migraine treatment. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective treatment for drug-refractory epilepsy and possibly depression and it also has documented analgesic effects. These observations suggested a possible role for VNS in treating severe refractory headaches, and led to a trial of VNS in patients with such headaches. VNS was implanted in four men and two women with disabling chronic cluster and migraine headaches. In one man and one woman with chronic migraines VNS produced dramatic improvement with restoration of ability to work. Two patients with chronic cluster headaches had significant improvement of their headaches. VNS was well tolerated in five patients, while one developed nausea even at the lowest current strength. In conclusion, VNS may be an effective therapy for intractable chronic migraine and cluster headaches and deserves further trials.
A gamma ray imager using clustered non-redundant array coded aperture

This paper presents the design and initial experimental results of a gamma camera using a coded aperture with clustered non-redundant array pattern. This system is based on the use of 5" position sensitive photomultiplier tube coupled to pixelated BGO array with 2/spl times/2/spl times/10mm/sup 3/ pixels. The PSPMT is readout by the IDEAS VA-MCR system with a costume made front electronic. This gamma camera was designed for imaging gamma rays with a broad energy range. The collimator plate was made of Tungsten of 8 mm thick for reducing the effect of gamma ray penetration. For imaging source objects with a relatively large angular extent and high background, the use of clustered NRA offers great flexibility in aperture design that provides a wide view angle and a controlled data multiplexing. In order to replace the time consuming Monte Carlo simulations, we also presented an analytical method for calculating performance indices, such as pixel-wise signal-to-noise ratio and resolution/variance tradeoffs achievable with different detector designs. This helps to select an approximate aperture for given imaging tasks.
Oral Diabetic Medications and the Geriatric Patient

Current medications for management of diabetes mellitus in older individuals include first and second generation sulfonylurea medications, meglintinides, incretin medications, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, metformin, and thiazolidinediones. This article discusses indications for their usage, along with their beneficial and adverse effects.
The high-pressure crystal chemistry of low albite and the origin of the pressure dependency of Al-Si ordering

Structural and volume compressibility data for low albite were obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods at pressures up to -4 GPa. The bulk modulus was determined to be 54(1) GPa, with a pressure derivative of 6(1). Unit cell compression is anisotropic, as indicated by unit strain tensors. In the softest direction, approximately perpendicular to (100), the structure is three times more compressible than in the stiffest direction. Intensity data were collected, and structures were refined at 0.00, 0.44, 1.22, 2.68, and 3.78 GPa. With increasing pressure, (1) the volumes of the T04 tetrahedra do not vary, (2) the volume of the NaO? polyhedron varies linearly with the volume of the unit cell, and (3) Si-O-Si angles increase or remain constant, but only AI-O-Si angles decrease, which is consistent with the smaller force constant of the AI-O-Si vs. Si-O-Si angle. We conclude that compression is accomplished through the bending of AI-O-Si angles, which squeezes together the chains offour-membered rings that run parallel to [001] and that are separated by zigzag channels containing Na atoms. The feldspar three-dimensional tetrahedral framework can be considered to be made up of these chains, which are linked together by Octype atoms. The average value of the T-Oc T angle correlates with bulk moduli of alkali feldspars. Al-Si disorder tends to stiffen the T -Oc- T angle in high albite, which in turn decreases the compressibility and thus can serve as a mechanism for pressure-dependent ordering of high to low albite.
Application of Object Detection and Tracking Techniques for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Abstract In this research, the information captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are eminently utilized in detecting and tracking moving objects which pose a primary security threat against the United States southern border. Illegal trespassing and border encroachment by immigrants is a huge predicament against the United States border security force and the Department of Homeland Security. It becomes insurmountable to warranty suspicious behaviour, monitoring by human operators for long periods of time, due to the massive amount of data involved. The main objective of this research is to assist the human operators, by implementing intelligent visual surveillance systems which help in detecting and tracking suspicious or unusual events in the video sequence. The visual surveillance system requires fast and robust methods of detecting and tracking moving objects. In this research, we have investigated methods for detecting and tracking objects from UAVs. Moving objects were detected using adaptive background subtraction technique successfully and these detected objects were tracked by using Lucas-Kanade optical flow tracking, Continuously Adaptive Mean-Shift tracking based techniques. The simulation results show the efficacy of these techniques in detecting and tracking moving objects in the video sequences acquired by the UAV.
Epistemological orientations and evidence evaluation in undergraduates

Abstract Epistemological orientations and evidence evaluation abilities influence processes related to critical thinking and conclusion justification across various reasoning domains. Participants (N = 500) were presented with the Justifying Conclusions Inventory (JCI) enabling the identification of epistemological orientation groups. Cluster analysis identified four groups: Absolutists, Multiplists, Evaluativists, and Low Evaluativists. Participants also read research vignettes and responded to Research Evaluation Inventory (REI) questions addressing evidence evaluation processes related to skepticism. REI responses were significantly affected by epistemological orientation group, with Evaluativists demonstrating the most skepticism. Participants with the most education and those who had taken a methodology course also demonstrated greater skepticism. These results suggest the JCI is a defensible assay of global and domain-specific epistemic cognition. In addition, the findings herein elucidate characteristics of a transitional epistemic cognitive state which could be common in undergraduates.
Cluster Models for Condensed-Phase Electron Transfer Processes

Electron transfer (ET) processes pose intriguing challenges to electronic structure theories for donor/acceptor (D/A) interactions [1]. Recent theoretical advances are providing a unified understanding of D/A coupling in a number of closely related processes of the 1-electron (e.g., photoelectron and electron transmission spectroscopy, and charge transfer spectroscopy, as well as thermal and photoinitiated ET) and 2-electron (e.g., magnetic exchange and triplet energy transfer) type [1]. In the modelling of such processes in condensed phases, discrete molecular clusters containing local D and A sites as well as any intervening material have played a crucial role. In the case of intermolecular ET, the cluster is a super-molecule complex corresponding to the transition state for the process [2–4]. In the present paper we focus on recent progress in the mechanistic analysis of ET reactions based on discrete cluster models and illustrate the approach with the results of several computational studies.
Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander tobacco use patterns.

Objectives To provide a national depiction of Asian American (AA) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) tobacco use and highlight considerations for targeted interventions. Methods We analyzed data from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey for subgroup differences in prevalence and consumption of various tobacco products. Results Use varies considerably by ethnic subgroups for cigarette smoking (including menthol) and other forms of tobacco. Despite being lighter, less frequent, and seemingly less dependent smokers, AANHPIs had similar quit ratios as non-AANHPIs. Conclusions AA and NHPI disparities in tobacco use may be due to underutilization of cessation resources, including those for non-cigarette tobacco products, and lack of availability of culturally-appropriate resources. Community-based and regulatory approaches should be employed to reduce use of all tobacco products, especially among high prevalence subgroups.
Commentary on Alfred G. Knudson, Jr.: "Hereditary Cancer, Oncogenes, and Antioncogenes".

Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary [timeline][1]. > Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution. It is, strictly speaking, a real factor in scientific research. –
Actual Intentionalism, Interpretation, And Ethical Criticism

I want to advance a version of the doctrine of actual intentionalism (AI). Rather than follow the trend and develop yet another response that tries to neutralize the criticisms thrown at AI from anti-intentionalist and hypothetical intentionalist corners, I will set these aside and try to make a positive case. There are many forms of actual intentionalism, but the particular one I want to advance contends that an author’s actual intentions are relevant in some cases to the correct interpretation of his or her work.
A downhole CO2 sensor to monitor CO2 movement in situ for geologic carbon storage

Abstract This paper describes how a downhole CO 2 chemical sensor was prepared for use in determining the concentration of CO 2 in water, particularly in harsh, high-pressure environments such as those found in geological formations considered for the geologic storage of CO 2 . The sensor consisted of a pair of Ir/IrO x and Ag/AgCl electrodes, a gas-permeable membrane, a bicarbonate-based internal electrolyte solution, and porous stainless steel as supporting material. The sensor was tested in the solution with different concentrations of CO 2 and displayed very good CO 2 sensing performance under pressures of 1000, 2000, and 3000 psi. A linear relationship between the sensor response potential and the logarithm of the CO 2 concentration was obtained for the sensor under different pressures. Reproducibility of the sensor was examined and the results indicated that the sensor displayed excellent reproducibility. CO 2 /brine core flooding tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the CO 2 sensor in simulate CO 2 storage process. The results indicated that the sensor could detect CO 2 movement in the tests. Further studies showed that the sensor could be reused by brine flooding after CO 2 /brine flushed the core. The results of the core flooding tests demonstrated that the sensor had potential application for CO 2 monitoring in carbon storage.
Integrated connectivity framework for Internet and ad hoc networks

The integration of the Internet and ad hoc mobile hosts can be used to eliminate dead zones in wireless networks, and can also be used to extend the coverage of wireless networks. The integration enriches the application range of ad hoc networks. Earlier approaches for the integrated networks either provided only unidirectional global connectivity for ad hoc hosts or caused high overhead and delay for providing full bi-directional connections. In this paper, an enhanced DSDV (EDSDV) protocol is proposed for ad hoc networks. The EDSDV protocol is integrated with Mobile IP to provide full bi-directional Internet connectivity for ad hoc network hosts. This approach has smaller overhead for full bi-directional connectivity and also shorter average packet delay compared to other integration approaches.
A scale-free structure for power-law graphs

Many real-world graphs, such as those that arise from the web, biology and transportation, appear random and without a structure that can be exploited for performance on modern computer architectures. However, these graphs have a scale-free graph topology that can be leveraged for locality. Existing sparse data formats are not designed to take advantage of this structure. They focus primarily on reducing storage requirements and improving the cost of certain matrix operations for these large data sets. Therefore, we propose a data structure for storing real-world scale-free graphs in a sparse and hierarchical fashion. By maintaining the structure of the graph, we preserve locality in the graph and in the cache. For synthetic scale-free graph data we outperform the state of the art for graphs with up to 107 non-zero edges.
Clinical UGT1A1 Genetic Analysis in Pediatric Patients: Experience of a Reference Laboratory.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia can be severe or prolonged and warrant exploration into the underlying etiology, which may include genetic assessment of UGT1A1 for inherited disorders (i.e. Crigler–Najjar syndrome or Gilbert syndrome). In our reference laboratory, we performed UGT1A1 gene sequencing analysis on 346 pediatric patients referred for a clinical indication of hyperbilirubinemia. Males (n = 241) had significantly higher mean total bilirubin concentration compared to females (n = 105) (9.7 and 7.3 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.042); however, no sex-based difference was observed in frequency of known or suspected reduced function UGT1A1 variants. The presence of two UGT1A1 variants (consistent with Gilbert or Crigler–Najjar syndrome) occurred less frequently in neonates (aged ≤28 days) than older children (aged 1–18 years) (31.3% in neonates vs. 85.1%, p G (p.Y113D), c.1037C>A (p.A346E), and c.1469A>C (p.D490A) were identified. Among older children, the most common reason for referral was Gilbert syndrome (83.8%) and UGT1A1 genetic analysis confirmed a diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome in 79.0% of those children. Among neonates, a population in which hyperbilirubinemia is common and often of multifactorial etiology, UGT1A1 genetic testing served as a useful clinical tool in ruling in or ruling out inherited hyperbilirubinemia. Here we describe our experience as a reference laboratory in clinical UGT1A1 full gene sequencing. Our results highlight the challenges in predicting the contribution of genetic variation in UGT1A1 to hyperbilirubinemia based on clinical parameters alone, particularly in neonates, and the utility of UGT1A1 full gene sequencing in the evaluation of neonatal and pediatric hyperbilirubinemia.