cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The S. cerevisiae CLU1 and D. discoideum cluA genes are functional homologues that influence mitochondrial morphology and distribution

The cluA gene, encoding a novel 150 kDa protein, was recently characterized in Dictyostelium discoideum; disruption of cluA impaired cytokinesis and caused mitochondria to cluster at the cell center. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains an open reading frame (CLU1) that encodes a protein that is 27% identical, 50% similar, to this Dictyostelium protein. Deletion of CLU1 from S. cerevisiae did not affect cell viability, growth properties, sporulation efficiency, or frequency of occurrence of cells lacking functional mitochondria. However, in clu1Delta cells the mitochondrial reticulum, which is normally highly branched, was condensed to one side of the cell. Transformation of cluA- Dictyostelium mutants with the yeast CLU1 gene yielded amoebae that divided normally and had dispersed mitochondria. The mitochondria in cluA- Dictyostelium cells complemented with CLU1 were not as widely scattered as in cluA+ Dictyostelium cells, but formed loose clusters throughout the cytoplasm. These results indicate that the products of the CLU1 and cluA genes, in spite of their limited homology, are functional homologues.
Vowel Representations in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus of the Cat: Effects of Level, Background Noise, and Behavioral State

May, Bradford J., Glenn S. Le Prell, and Murray B. Sachs. Vowel representations in the ventral cochlear nucleus of the cat: effects of level, background noise, and behavioral state. J. Neurophysiol...
Polymer Coated Urea in Turfgrass Maintains Vigor and Mitigates Nitrogen's Environmental Impacts.

Polymer coated urea (PCU) is a N fertilizer which, when added to moist soil, uses temperature-controlled diffusion to regulate N release in matching plant demand and mitigate environmental losses. Uncoated urea and PCU were compared for their effects on gaseous (N2O and NH3) and aqueous (NO3-) N environmental losses in cool season turfgrass over the entire PCU N-release period. Field studies were conducted on established turfgrass sites with mixtures of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in sand and loam soils. Each study compared 0 kg N ha-1 (control) to 200 kg N ha-1 applied as either urea or PCU (Duration 45CR®). Application of urea resulted in 127–476% more evolution of measured N2O into the atmosphere, whereas PCU was similar to background emission levels from the control. Compared to urea, PCU reduced NH3 emissions by 41–49% and N2O emissions by 45–73%, while improving growth and verdure compared to the control. Differences in leachate NO3- among urea, PCU and control were inconclusive. This improvement in N management to ameliorate atmospheric losses of N using PCU will contribute to conserving natural resources and mitigating environmental impacts of N fertilization in turfgrass.
Prolotherapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Descriptive Review

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic disease of high patient and societal impact. The etiology is multifactorial; pain sources include both intra- and extra-articular tissues. A number of alternative therapies have been assessed for KOA. Patients are often refractory to best-practice conservative management, and the development of new therapy has been called for by national health services groups. Prolotherapy is an outpatient therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain including KOA. Protocols include injection at attachments of soft-tissue supportive structures such as ligaments and tendons, and within intra-articular spaces. Although the understanding of mechanism is not well understood, a small but growing body of literature suggests that prolotherapy may be appropriate therapy for carefully selected patients refractory to conventional treatment. This article summarizes evidence from basic and clinical science for use of prolotherapy among patients with KOA.
Abundance of Vasopressin and Corticotrophin-Releasing Factor in Neurohypophysial Extracts.∗

ConclusionsExtracts of the stalk-median eminence area of beef or rat brain produce a specific release of ACTH in rats with hypothalamic lesions. The major portion of this effect is due to a corticotrophin-releasing factor. Ten to 20% of the activity of these extracts appears to be due to vasopressin.
Insulin Attenuation of Vasoconstrictor Responses to Phenylephrine in Zucker Lean ana Obese Rats

Recent data from this laboratory indicate that insulin resistant obese Zucker rats exhibit hypertension associated with exaggerated in vitro vascular reactivity to phenylephrine, serotonin, and KCl, and we have found insulin to attenuate vascular reactivity responses to these agonists. Accordingly, in the present study we evaluated the possibility that exaggerated vascular reactivity responses in obese Zucker rats may result from insulin resistance and a consequent failure of insulin to attenuate vasoactive responses. Thoracic aortae were isolated from male 16 week old lean and obese Zucker rats, and replicate helical strips from each animal were suspended in a muscle bath under a resting tension of 1.4 g in the presence or absence of insulin (0.1 mU/mL) for 1 h. The insulin was then washed out, and vascular reactivity responses to phenylephrine were determined. The obese rats exhibited greater reactivity to phenylephrine (ED50:1.10 +/- 90 X 10(-8) v 7.57 +/- 0.88 X 10(-10) mol/L in lean and obese rats, respectively, P less than .025). Insulin caused a significant attenuation of the contractile response in both the lean and obese aortae. However, lean rats exhibited a markedly greater attenuation than the obese rats (46.0 +/- 17.0 v 17.8 +/- 7.5% attenuation in the lean and obese rats, respectively, P less than .01). These data suggest that increased vascular reactivity responses in obese Zucker rats may result from their insulin resistant state and, consequently, a diminished ability of insulin to attenuate vasoconstrictor responses.
Biological effects of long-term caloric restriction: adaptation with simultaneous administration of caloric stress plus repeated immobilization stress in rats.

In the present study, we have established the biological effects during 8 weeks of (i) caloric restriction (Cal) and (ii) simultaneous administration of Cal plus 2 hr daily immobilization stress using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were divided into three equal groups: (i) ad libitum fed, (ii) 30% restriction of food intake of the ad libitum diet, and (iii) 30% restriction of food intake plus 2 hr daily immobilization stress. Caloric-restricted animals gained only 30% of the total body weight of the unrestricted animals but received 70% of the food of those rats. Cal animals showed a significant loss in their relative liver and thymus weight and a significant gain in their relative adrenal and testis weight as compared to the control animals. Cal animals had almost 2-fold higher levels of plasma corticosterone levels with a dramatic decrease in the total glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in the liver, thymus, heart, and testis as compared to ad libitum fed control animals. Interestingly, Cal animals ...
The Chemotactic Compass

Cells have an amazing ability to sense very shallow gradients of chemoattractants and move directionally. This fundamental process is critical for development and numerous disease states. Dictyostelium has emerged as one of the best understood model systems for elucidating the complex signaling pathways that drive chemotaxis. This review focuses on the signaling mechanisms regulating directed migration and discusses the role of polarity and development on our current understanding of this process. We highlight new findings using a second chemoattractant, folic acid and suggest that this chemical cue should be used when a developmental defect is suspected. We also speculate on recent studies which suggest that researchers should use our new understanding of the temporal and spatial relationships of signaling and cytoskeletal proteins to guide future experiments.
Essentials of Micro- and Nanofluidics: Elements of Molecular and Cell Biology

Introduction It may be said that at some level cells are the building blocks of all living things. The most basic of all organisms are made up of single cells, and higher organisms, such as animals and humans, are made of a large number of cells all arranged in a specific way. Because the nanoscale is the scale of biology, there has been an explosion of new knowledge and new ideas in the biological sciences. This has been the result of significant advances in static measurement techniques such as the surface force apparatus (SFA), the atomic force microscope (AFM), and the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Moreover, optical techniques can be employed for single molecule detection and analysis. With explosive improvements in computer architecture, molecular dynamics (MD) and its derivatives (nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, NEMD) are now being employed to study the motion of ions and proteins in a flowing solution and the conformation of proteins and other macromolecules in a static medium. The links between nanotechnology and biology are numerous. Entire devices for the rapid analysis of proteins, drug delivery, biochemical sensing, and other applications are being developed at a rapid pace. Entire books are being published on biomedical applications at the nanoscale (Malsch, 2005; Ciofalo et al. , 1999). Artificial and implantable pumping systems employing nanopore membranes are being developed for filtering proteins and ions for use as a renal assist device (Fissell, 2006) (see Figure 4.1).
Abstract A66: Systemic effects of AC-T chemotherapy in breast cancer

Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; November 30-December 3, 2015; Austin, TX Cytotoxic chemotherapy is the only standard of care treatment currently available for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) because this breast cancer subtype lacks expression of therapeutic targets, namely, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and amplification of Her2. Despite the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for some TNBC patients, approximately 60-80% of TNBC patients will still present with local and distant disease after therapy, and these patients suffer poor prognosis. In addition to direct effects on tumor cells, systemic chemotherapy also has the potential to impact patient physiology. However, the implications of tumor-cell independent effects of chemotherapy for metastatic progression are not well understood. We are using mouse models of TNBC to study the effects of chemotherapy on host physiology and how these effects impact metastasis. Treatment of TNBC tumor-bearing mice with doxorubicin (A), cyclophosphamide (C), and paclitaxel (T) decreased overall bone marrow cell counts; although, the degree of decrease and subsequent recovery of individual bone marrow and circulating cell populations varied among populations. Notably, parallel experiments in tumor-free mice demonstrated that chemotherapy-dependent effects on the bone marrow and circulating cell populations dominate tumor-dependent effects. These findings highlight the potential implications of the physiological effects of chemotherapy on metastasis and response to therapy. Citation Format: Molly J. DeCristo, Sandra S. McAllister. Systemic effects of AC-T chemotherapy in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A66.
The Mental Health Professional in Court

This chapter discussed the legal context and research foundations of expert testimony, as well as providing introductory practical guidelines to increase efficacy of witnesses. Expert testimony can be an unsettling and frightening experience for many clinical professionals. We advise a committed understanding of the legal roles of experts, coupled with ethical and competent professional conduct as the best pathway to constructive experiences on the stand. At its best effective delivery of findings and opinions can be professionally rewarding and personally satisfying.
The Influence of Aristotelian Logic on Boole’s Philosophy of Logic: The Reduction of Hypotheticals to Categoricals

George Boole (1815–1864) is widely regarded as the founder of mathematical logic. Many influential logicians at the beginning of the twentieth century, a time of rapid growth in logic, credited him with originating the tradition in which they worked. Many influential historians of logic credit him with playing a pivotal role in transforming logic from the mold in which it was set from ancient times to the dramatically growing mathematical form it has assumed in more recent times.
CapNet: security and least authority in a capability-enabled cloud

We present CapNet, a capability-based network architecture designed to enable least authority and secure collaboration in the cloud. CapNet allows fine-grained management of rights, recursive delegation, hierarchical policies, and least privilege. To enable secure collaboration, CapNet extends a classical capability model with support for decentralized authority. We implement CapNet in the substrate of a software-defined network, integrate it with the OpenStack cloud, and develop protocols enabling secure multi-party collaboration.
Quantifying shortwave and longwave radiation inputs to headwater streams under differing canopy structures

Abstract The extent to which riparian understory vegetation in harvested areas can partially or fully negate changes in incoming shortwave and longwave radiation was investigated along 1st-order headwater streams. Despite similarities in shade provisioning, others have noted increased stream temperatures in post-harvest understory-only canopies, relative to mature forest canopies. To advance the process understanding of how management of riparian vegetation affects stream energetics, incoming shortwave and longwave radiation was measured directly at the stream surface for 6 stream reaches in a mid-latitude, temperate, montane, forested watershed with strongly contrasting riparian canopies. Radiometer arrays were installed during mid-summer, clear-sky conditions underneath combined tree and understory vegetation canopies within non-impacted forested reaches (references), a partial-cut reach (∼50% overstory canopy removal), and two recently (∼5 year.) clear-cut reaches with contrasting densities of understory vegetation. Results indicate that incoming all-wave radiation was 37–39% less in the three undisturbed reference reaches, compared to an open area reference. The radiative regimes in the partial-cut and dense-understory clear-cut reaches were similar to the intact forested reaches, with 37% and 39% less all-wave radiation, respectively, in comparison to the open reference location. The sparse-understory clear-cut exhibited a 16% reduction in all-wave radiation. Findings from this study indicate that some recently clear-cut and partial-cut headwater riparian ecosystems can rapidly recover (
Confidentiality and Privilege

Confidentiality is a primary ethical obligation that physicians have to their patients, and it is critical to safeguard confidentiality when reasonable out of respect to the patient’s autonomy and right to privacy. The case of Jaffee v. Redmond provided an important legal precedent affirming the value of protecting patient privacy through recognizing the societal benefit of psychotherapist-patient privilege, the legal protection of communications between two individuals from disclosure in court. Common exceptions to confidentiality include obtaining informed consent, communicating a threat to the patient or third party, complying with mandatory reporting duties (such as in the case of abuse or neglect of vulnerable populations), complying with a court order, and providing continued treatment. Legal obligations to patient confidentiality stem from the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), state law, and institutional policy, which can vary widely and thus necessitate becoming familiar with state law and facility/organizational policy where one practices.
Definition and Goals of Descriptive Linguistic Fieldwork

We define descriptive linguistic fieldwork as the investigation of the structure of a language through the collection of primary language data gathered through interaction with native-speaking consultants. Many other definitions emphasize the notion that the fieldworker must live like and with the native speakers of the language to be studied. For example, Everett (2001:168) defines linguistic fieldwork as:…the activity of a researcher systematically analyzing parts of a language other than one’s native language (usually one the researcher did not speak prior to beginning fieldwork) within a community of speakers of that language, prototypically in their native land, living out their existence in the milieu and mental currency of their native culture.
Pattern Recognition of Remotely Sensed Data

For us, Pattern Recognition refers to the automatic machine determination of salient patterns in remotely sensed image data. From the pattern recognition perspective, the world to be sensed is composed of units defined by the sensor. For digital imaging sensors, as a first approximation, the units can be thought of as small non-overlapping areas on the ground: one such area for each picture element (pixel) in the image. The sensor makes an ordered set of measurements on each unit sensed. The ordered set of measurements is called a measurement vector or measurement pattern. Each value measured in this set is a number proportional to the energy received by the sensor in some band of the electromagnetic spectrum at some specified observation time. The basic pattern recognition problem is first to automatically and consistently determine the informational class or category of each distinct region on the ground using the set of sensor measurement patterns and second to estimate the error rate for the automatically determined assignments.
A systems mechanobiology model to predict cardiac reprogramming outcomes on different biomaterials

During normal development, the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates cell fate mechanically and biochemically. However, the ECM's influence on lineage reprogramming, a process by which a cell's developmental cycle is reversed to attain a progenitor-like cell state followed by subsequent differentiation into a desired cell phenotype, is unknown. Using a material mimetic of the ECM, here we show that ligand identity, ligand density, and substrate modulus modulate indirect cardiac reprogramming efficiency, but were not individually correlated with phenotypic outcomes in a predictive manner. Alternatively, we developed a data-driven model using partial least squares regression to relate short-term cell states, defined by quantitative mechanosensitive responses to different material environments, with long-term changes in phenotype. This model was validated by accurately predicting the reprogramming outcomes on a different material platform. Collectively, these findings suggest a means to rapidly screen candidate biomaterials that support reprogramming with high efficiency, without subjecting cells to the entire reprogramming process.
Semi-supervised Smoothing for Large Data Problems

This book chapter is a description of some recent developments in non-parametric semi-supervised regression and is intended for someone with a background in statistics, computer science, or data sciences who is familiar with local kernel smoothing (Hastie et al., The elements of statistical learning (data mining, inference and prediction), chapter 6. Springer, Berlin, 2009). In many applications, response data often require substantially more effort to obtain than feature data. Semi-supervised learning approaches are designed to explicitly train a classifier or regressor using all the available responses and the full feature data. This presentation is focused on local kernel regression methods in semi-supervised learning and provides a good starting point for understanding semi-supervised methods in general.
Building Scotland, Building Solidarity: A Scottish Architect's Knowledge of Nation

This article examines the work of Robert Hurd (1905–1963), a Scottish nationalist architect, planner, and admirer of Scottish civic traditions, in order to query and enrich current anthropological approaches to “material politics” with their focus on material assemblies, infrastructures, and interactions that operate across scales and beyond discourse. Hurd was both an expert and planner and also an “artisan of nationalism” who sought to restore Scotland's built environment as at once a civic heritage and a material resource for a future of independence and self-determination. Hurd's attention to distinctively Scottish architectural forms and to historic centers and their development over time is significant as an idiom of nationalist thought, while his architectural work highlights the formal manipulation of scale and centrality to express political aspirations. He was an expert not only of infrastructure, plans, or populations and their needs, but also of the mediation of such material facts into architectural form and, in a broader sense, forms of life. Finally, Hurd's writing on “burgh” civic and architectural traditions, and his work as a conservation architect, together allow a better understanding of the role played by a conservative, tradition-minded modernism, and of narratives of tradition and national evolution, in the twentieth-century history and present development of Scotland's national and constitutional politics.
The Presence of a Controlling Parent Is Related to an Increase in the Error-Related Negativity in 5-7 Year-Old Children.

Anxiety disorders often begin early in life and there is substantial interest in identifying neural markers that characterize developmental trajectories that result in anxiety. The error-related negativity (ERN) is elicited when people make errors on lab-based reaction-time tasks, is increased in anxious children, and can predict the onset of anxiety across development. In light of this, there is an increasing interest in identifying environmental factors that may shape the ERN in children. Previous work suggests that controlling parenting styles may relate to the ERN in offspring. However, no study had yet examined the specific mechanism whereby parenting style may impact the ERN in children. We propose that it may be children’s repeated exposure to making mistakes in the context of their parents’ reactions (i.e., verbal or non-verbal reactions, displays of parental control, etc.) that may lead to an increased ERN. We test this novel hypothesis by measuring the ERN in 94 children between the ages of 5–7 years old, while their parent observes them and then while an experimenter observes them complete a Go-No/Go task. Results suggest that the presence of parents characterized by high control potentiates the ERN in their children. Moreover, the relationship between controlling parenting styles and child anxiety disorder status was mediated by the parent presence potentiation of the ERN. These findings are important and novel insofar as they highlight the impact of an environmental factor (i.e., parenting) in shaping a neural marker of risk for anxiety in children (i.e., the ERN).
An Estimation of the Density of Water in Artemia Cells

This paper is part of a long-range research program on the properties and roles of water in the cells of Artemia cysts1,2. Each cyst is a mass of about 4000 cells surrounded by a shell, most of which can be chemically removed3. This system is a useful model for such studies because the cells are capable of repeated cycles of dehydration-rehydration in a fully reversible way. Thus, one can measure a given property as a function of cell water content in viable animal cells. The cysts are available in large amounts, and details of their ultrastructure, biochemistry and biophysics are available3. In the present case I describe measurements of cyst density as a function of cell water content, and evaluate these data in terms of the density of intracellular water. A preliminary account has been published4.
Otoferlin Depletion Results in Abnormal Synaptic Ribbons and Altered Intracellular Calcium Levels in Zebrafish

The protein otoferlin plays an essential role at the sensory hair cell synapse. Mutations in otoferlin result in deafness and depending on the species, mild to strong vestibular deficits. While studies in mouse models suggest a role for otoferlin in synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis, it is unclear whether these functions are conserved across species. To address this question, we characterized the impact of otoferlin depletion in zebrafish larvae and found defects in synaptic vesicle recycling, abnormal synaptic ribbons, and higher resting calcium concentrations in hair cells. We also observed abnormal expression of the calcium binding hair cell genes s100s and parvalbumin, as well as the nogo related proteins rtn4rl2a and rtn4rl2b. Exogenous otoferlin partially restored expression of genes affected by endogenous otoferlin depletion. Our results suggest that in addition to vesicle recycling, depletion of otoferlin disrupts resting calcium levels, alters synaptic ribbon architecture, and perturbs transcription of hair cells specific genes during zebrafish development.
Long-Term Survival After Heart Transplantation at Centers Stratified by Short-Term Performance.

Background: Center differences in short-term survival after heart transplant (HT) are known. We sought to compare long-term graft survival (freedom from death or retransplantation) at currently act...
TRASTUZUMAB INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY: WITHOUT PRIOR ANTHRACYCLINES, DECREASE IN LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION IS NEGLIGIBLE

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled HER-2 breast cancer patients into two arms depending on the anthracycline exposure prior to trastuzumab, and randomized them into placebo, lisinopril, and carvedilol. We reported the outcomes on prevention of cardiotoxicity.
Making the Case for Limited Physiologic Monitoring in a Data-Hungry World.

Megan* paced the small hospital room, pausing to peer anxiously at the sleeping infant in a white plastic crib. As I introduced myself, Megan laughed nervously and explained her unease: “For the first time in her life, Riley is sleeping unmonitored,” she said, glancing again at her 5-month-old infant. Before today’s admission for bronchiolitis, Riley’s sleep routine included strapping on her Owlet, a pulse oximetry–based home infant monitor. “It’s ironic,” Megan pointed out. Now, hospitalized for a respiratory illness, Riley would ostensibly have less monitoring than at home. “Seeing her numbers makes me feel safer. What’s the harm?” Megan asked. Megan’s question gets to the heart of pediatric hospital medicine’s struggle to transition away from continuous pulse oximetry monitoring of stable patients with bronchiolitis and at the sentiments explored by Chi et al1 in “Parental Perspectives on Continuous Pulse Oximetry Use in Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations.” The clinical downsides to continuous monitoring of such patients, including overdiagnosis of hypoxemia, increased length of stay, alarm fatigue and delayed alarm response time among nurses, are well characterized.2–4 Given that bronchiolitis is responsible for over 100 000 hospitalizations a year,5 … Address correspondence to Irit R. Rasooly, MD, MSCE, Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Blvd, Buerger Center for Advanced Pediatric Care, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: rasoolyi{at}email.chop.edu
Performance and community structure dynamics of microbial electrolysis cells operated on multiple complex feedstocks

Microbial electrolysis is a promising technology for converting aqueous wastes into hydrogen. However, substrate adaptability is an important feature, seldom documented in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). In addition, the correlation between substrate composition and community structure has not been well established. This study used an MEC capable of producing over 10 L/L-day of hydrogen from a switchgrass-derived bio-oil aqueous phase and investigated four additional substrates, tested in sequence on a mature biofilm. The additional substrates included a red oak-derived bio-oil aqueous phase, a corn stover fermentation product, a mixture of phenol and acetate, and acetate alone. The MECs fed with the corn stover fermentation product resulted in the highest performance among the complex feedstocks, producing an average current density of 7.3 ± 0.51 A/m2, although the acetate fed MECs outperformed complex substrates, producing 12.3 ± 0.01 A/m2. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that community structure and community diversity were not predictive of performance, and replicate community structures diverged despite identical inoculum and enrichment procedure. The trends in each replicate, however, were indicative of the influence of the substrates. Geobacter was the most dominant genus across most of the samples tested, but its abundance did not correlate strongly to current density. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that acetic acid accumulated during open circuit conditions when MECs were fed with complex feedstocks and was quickly degraded once closed circuit conditions were applied. The largest net acetic acid removal rate occurred when MECs were fed with red oak bio-oil aqueous phase, consuming 2.93 ± 0.00 g/L-day. Principal component analysis found that MEC performance metrics such as current density, hydrogen productivity, and chemical oxygen demand removal were closely correlated. Net acetic acid removal was also found to correlate with performance. However, no bacterial genus appeared to correlated to these performance metrics strongly, and the analysis suggested that less than 70% of the variance was accounted for by the two components. This study demonstrates the robustness of microbial communities to adapt to a range of feedstocks and conditions without relying on specific species, delivering high hydrogen productivities despite differences in community structure. The results indicate that functional adaptation may play a larger role in performance than community composition. Further investigation of the roles each microbe plays in these communities will help MECs to become integral in the 21st-century bioeconomy to produce zero-emission fuels.
Abstract 15212: Long-term Outcomes Between Genders Are Similar Despite Gender Disparities in High-intensity Statin Use in a Contemporary Cohort of Patients Diagnosed With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease by Invasive Coronary Angiography

Introduction: In current practice, high intensity statins are prescribed for patients diagnosed with CAD. However, studies have shown that women are commonly undertreated with statins. We compared ...
Prenatal ultrasound findings of covered bladder exstrophy and persistent cloaca

Unlike classic exstrophy, covered bladder exstrophy is a rare variant characterized by a cycling bladder and intact abdominal wall. We present a case of covered bladder exstrophy diagnosed prenatally and associated persistent cloaca (PC) noted only after delivery. This case report demonstrates that prenatal diagnosis of covered bladder exstrophy is possible and PC can present without any abdominal cysts, bowel, or renal findings. Covered bladder exstrophy should be considered in the differential of cystic protrusion of the bladder to the abdominal wall.
Low density parity check codes in a frequency hopped communication system with partial-band interference

In this paper the applicability of low density parity check (LDPC) codes to a frequency hopped communications system with partial-band jamming is investigated. We show an irregular LDPC code which exhibits good waterfall and error floor performance with a block length of 1560 bits using binary phase-shift keying. The performance of this code is investigated in a partial band jammed environment with various channel interleaver lengths. We show that with a channel interleaver consisting of 120 hops and available side information, a partial band jammer only causes a loss of 0.3 dB over the full band case at a bit error rate of 10/sup -5/.
Critical exponents for Schwarzschild-Kerr and Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli systems

Regarding the spin-up of Schwarzschild-Kerr and Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli systems as a symmetry breaking phase transition, critical exponents are evaluated and compared with classical Landau predictions. We suggest a definition of isothermal compressibity which is independent of spin direction. We find identical exponents for both systems, and possible universality in the phase transitions of these systems.
Engineering principles applied to mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilators can be understood in terms of simple physical models that have electrical analogs. These models provide the basis for designing and classifying ventilators as well as understanding ventilator-patient interactions.
Analysis of physical layer performance of IEEE 802.11A in an ad-hoc network environment

The IEEE 802.11a standard using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can provide data rates up to 54 Mbps, which makes it a good candidate for high-speed communications in wireless local area networks (WLANs). Although the standard is meant for indoor applications, we tested its performance in a city environment. Our measurements indicated that the users experience a significantly lower throughput than that promised by the standard, with the performance becoming worse as the speed of the users increased. To better understand the reasons for this behavior, we measured outdoor channels, corresponding to stationary and mobile users. Analysis of experimental data showed that the channel could vary even within the duration of one data frame. Thus, the training-based scheme used in 802.11a, which estimates the channel once during the initial part of the frame and then uses it to equalize the entire frame, results in imperfect channel equalization. This results in high bit-error rate (BER), causing packets to be discarded and increasing the probability of outage. The paper presents experimental results demonstrating the 802.11a weaknesses when operating in an outdoors mobile environment, and provides some recommendations for improving its performance.
Treatment of paediatric hyperthyroidism but not hypothyroidism has a significant effect on weight

Summary Objective Thyroid hormones are involved in metabolic regulation, but the degree to which they affect body weight and body mass index (BMI) in children is unclear. We examined the effect of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on weight and BMI at the time of diagnosis and after appropriate treatment. Design Prospective and retrospective case series. Patients Children referred for thyroid dysfunction were enrolled prospectively if their total or free T4 was elevated with TSH 20 (N = 29). Results Almost all patients had at least 2 classic signs or symptoms including goitre, but hyperthyroid patients had more symptoms. Mean BMI z scores at the time of diagnosis did not significantly differ between the two groups. Males with hyperthyroidism complained of weight loss more frequently and had a lower pretreatment BMI z score than hyperthyroid females. Hypothyroid patients lost a minimal amount of weight by the first follow-up (mean of 0·3 kg) and on average gained weight by the second follow-up visit. In contrast hyperthyroid patients gained a mean of 3·4 kg at the first follow-up visit and a mean of 7·1 kg by the second. Conclusions Correction of hypothyroidism resulted in minimal weight loss, suggesting that hypothyroidism does not cause significant weight gain in children. In contrast, correction of the hyperthyroid state had a somewhat greater impact on weight status. These results are consistent with prior reports but surprising given the opposite metabolic effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism.
Of battered wives, self-defense and double standards of justice: A research note

In what appears to be an outgrowth of the feminist movement and concomitant revelations concerning spousal abuse in America, a new concept in criminal jurisprudence, popularly known as the battered wife syndrome defense, has arisen. Increasingly, abused women who kill their husbands are claiming that their acts were justified, not solely because of the exigency of the circumstance which directly led to the death, but because of sociological, psychological, and legal factors which operate effectively to deprive them of alternatives. This note discusses the validity of the new defense in light of existing law and posits that the claim rests upon a contorted legal foundation, that it could not stand but for an invidious gender-based discrimination violative of Fourteenth-Amendment guarantees, and that it promotes family violence.
The Effects of Job Benefits and Job Experience on Teacher Ratings of the Job of School Council Member

This article reports the results of an empirical study examining whether the benefits of school council service function as incentives for teachers to seek the position. Public school teachers (N = 132) read a recruitment message depicting the financial awards and informal rewards accruing to council members and indicated the likelihood that they would seek the position. Analysis of variance revealed that categories of job benefits (pecuniary, nonpecuniary) interacted with teacher job experience (relatively inexperienced, experienced) to influence teacher ratings of the recruitment message. Teachers with 10 years or fewer than 10 years teaching experience reacted more positively to recruitment messages emphasizing pecuniary job benefits than did teachers with more than ten years teaching experience. The results have implications for policies designed to restructure the educational workplace.
The routine colpotomy

Abstract Ectopic pregnancy is a fascinating condition the diagnosis of which can be baffling. In order to make the diagnosis early, without the use of laparotomy, the posterior colpotomy seems to be a most advantageous procedure. Its routine use is recommended in cases where there is a possibility of ectopic pregnancy.
Recognition Of Alternatives To Traditional Monogamy In New Religious And Civil Rituals

(1979). Recognition Of Alternatives To Traditional Monogamy In New Religious And Civil Rituals. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 17-20.
Using interviewing as a teacher education technique

The interviewing process provides a unique method for determining what children know, and it is an innovative addition to a science methods course. Evidence for the effectiveness of the model is found in the comments of teachers. Their comments indicate that through the experience they have learned to value the process and recognize the importance of many of the topics included in the science methods course. Finally, most of the teachers reported their intentions to use the interviewing process in their classrooms. It appears,therefore, that interviewing can be a valuable part of a science methods course. It is likely that the interviewing process would also be useful if incorporated into other professional growth opportunities such as inservice programs and professional conferences.
A comparative analysis of enflurane anesthesia on primate motor and somatosensory evoked potentials

Abstract The effect of increasing enflurane concentration on magnetic-induced myogen cranial (Cr) and peripheral (Pr) motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and electrically induced median (MN) and posterior tibial (PTN) somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) was studied in 10 monkeys. MEP, recorded from abductor pollicis brevis and abductor hallucis muscles, and SEP (short- and long-latency scalp recorded potentials) variables were examined at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 MAC enflurance concentrations. Cr-MEPs progressively attenuated ( P = 0.75 MAC) by graded enflurane concentration. Stimulation threshold for Cr-MEP was progressively elevated ( P = 0.75 MAC). Marked scalp zone reduction to obtain Cr-MEP responses was noted with increasing enflurane concentration. Pr-MEPs and most SEP peaks maintained good replicability but showed significant amplitude reduction ( P
Use of amino acids by Plasmodium relictum oocysts in vitro.

Abstract A comparison was made of the in vitro growth of the gut of Culex tarsalis in Grace's insect culture medium, supplemented with fetal bovine serum in the presence of dividing cells of Antheraea eucalypti , with a similar preparation of a gut infected with oocysts of the avian parasite, Plasmodium relictum . In the latter case, after 16 hr, significant decreases occurred in the concentration of arginine, asparagine, and glutamine combined, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, lysine, proline, and serine. Lower and less marked decreased concentrations of alanine, β-alanine, cystine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophane, tyrosine, and valine also took place. This indicated utilization of certain amino acids by the developing oocysts of P. relictum in the presence of metabolizing insect cells.
Thermal weight loss of silica-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) sol-gel composites

Thermogravimetric analyses of sol-gel derived silica and silica-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) materials show that the loss in weight between 35 and 900°C can be attributed to three distinct reactions. Samples were prepared by dissolving the reactants tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and water in mixtures of ethanol and formamide. The lowest temperature weight loss is due to the decomposition/removal of the solvents, while the intermediate weight loss corresponds to decomposition of the PVAc. The highest temperature weight loss is related to the dehydroxylation of the silica surface. The relative amounts of ethanol and formamide have a considerable effect on processing time, drying behavior, and the resulting thermal behavior of the gels.
Using multicultural resources in groups

This article describes an approach to working in groups that integrates excerpts of multicultural resources. With a concern for emphasizing the strengths perspective in groupwork, using multicultural resources and Bibliotherapy promotes the need to identify and employ strengths central to various cultures. These resources can be used in a broader context than simple reading. Using excerpts from carefully selected materials can stimulate guided discussion. This paper describes an approach based on bibliotherapy and small group discussion.
SPINEX: An expert system to recommend the safe dosage of spinal anesthesia

This paper presents the design of an expert system to calculate the dosage of the local anesthetic solution, as well as, the baricity and vasoconstrictive additive needed for the safe administration of spinal anesthesia. This prototype system is intended as a reference device to assist professional anesthetists in their practice. Using VP-Expert, a commercially available expert system shell, this system was developed containing over 380 rules. The system was tested using actual 45 preoperative assessments and found to be efficient by the domain expert. It was correlated with actual solution seveny-five (75%) of the time; Twenty-three percent of the time the system's solution was different but not inaccurate. Only two percent of the time the system and the preoperative assessment were totally different.
Effect of pregnancy on the immune response of cattle to a Brucella vaccine.

Abstract An experiment was performed to determine whether humoral- or cell-mediated immune responses of cattle to a Brucella abortus vaccine were influenced by the stage of gestation. Heifers were vaccinated 2 mth before and 2 mth after breeding with cell envelopes of B. abortus in an oil adjuvant containing trehalose dimycolate and muramyl dipeptide. Control groups received adjuvant alone or no vaccine. Following breeding, vaccinated animals were divided into pregnant and nonpregnant subgroups. Immune responses to two outer membrane proteins were measured at monthly intervals by ELISA and lymphocyte blastogenesis tests. Skin tests were performed during the ninth month of gestation. Vaccination induced sustained immune responses, but few differences were detected between pregnant and non-pregnant animals. The relative increase in IgA antibodies to group 3 protein in nonpregnant heifers exceeded that in pregnant heifers during months 4 and 6 of gestation ( P P P P
Personality scale and item correlates of WAIS abilities

Abstract A cross-validation methodology was employed to identify 16PF scales and items that significantly correlated with performance on the verbal, spatial, and memory/numerical abilities measured by the WAIS in a nonpsychiatric sample of 489 adults. For both men and women larger personality-ability correlations resulted in all analyses for verbal ability than for spatial or memory/numerical ability. The 16PF scale analysis offered results generally consistent with Cattell's research. The item analyses produced rather similar results for both sexes for verbal and spatial abilities. For verbal ability three major correlates resulted: communicative competence, equanimity/low anxiety, and a desire for times alone. Though few in number the item correlates of spatial ability suggested a dispassionate, nontemperamental style of interaction with one's environment as the major correlate. Memory/ numerical ability was somewhat independent of 16PF item responses for women, but was associated with fastidiousness in men. Possible cause-effect relationships were suggested and implications for future research discussed.
HEAT EXCHANGE AT SURFACE OF BUILT-UP ICE PLATFORM DURING CONSTRUCTION

Heat budget observations show that sensible heat loss accounts for most of the latent heat released during freezing of an exposed, shallow-water layer in the high Arctic in January. Combined evaporation and sensible heat losses were about four times larger for this flooding situation than expected in neutral conditions. Empirical and semi-empirical equations are derived for estimating the components of the heat flux from meteorological parameters.
Wage and nonwage outcomes in collective bargaining: Determinants and tradeoffs

Using unskilled labor wage rates and union contract scores derived from a sample of 500 U.S. manufacturing contracts, this study finds that in 1975 there was considerable variation in unions’ abilities to deliver higher wages and desirable nonwage contractual provisions to their members (though it is clear that the stronger unions have bargained high levels of both wages and nonwage items). There are a variety of union power, employee quality, union preference, and employer cost variables which impact upon the bargaining choices made between wages and nonwage provisions, and it appears that union strength tilts the compensation package toward wages.
Coherence and Academic Writing: Some Definitions and Suggestions for Teaching

Coherence in written text is a complex concept, involving a multitude of reader- and text-based features. Perhaps because of this, we writing instructors and the textbooks we use often discuss coherence in a vague or incomplete manner. This article reviews current coherence literature, defines coherence in broad terms, then presents a three-lesson revision unit based on modern coherence principles. In this unit, ESL students "deconstruct" the assignment prompt and prepare their own first drafts of an essay response. Then they examine a fellow student's first draft from the "top down," evaluating the thesis in relationship to the prompt and to the assertions within the essay and analyzing the information structure intended to guide readers through the text. Conclusions are drawn about the success of this group revision technique and the necessity for providing sequential exercises to improve coherence.