cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of a Gel Finger to Feel the Skin Temperatures of a Smartphone

It is important to control the skin temperatures of smartphones, tablets, and wearable electronics. The comfort levels of the skin temperatures are determined by surveys with subjective evaluations on a limited number of configurations and/or materials. This study is the first attempt to develop a characterization tool that is objective, repeatable, and predictable. The first step is to apply a gel finger that replaces the human finger to measure temperatures after gel finger's contact with the skin, i.e., the case of a mobile system. The second step is to establish a model calibrated by the experimental results. The calibrated model can be used to simulate different effects on the temperatures at the interface between the gel finger and the skin. The temperatures of the polycarbonate skin “felt” by the gel finger are always lower than those of the aluminum skin. The difference could reach 2–6 °C depending on heat spreading inside the system and heat sources in the finger. The difference can be reduced from 6 to 3 °C by using a novel casing with thin film metal on polymer. The transient periods are approximately 100–200 s with shorter transient periods for the aluminum skin.
Patterns of local seismicity preceding the petatlan earthquake of 14 March 1979

Local seismic activity ( M > 2.3) during the 4 1 2 -day period preceding the Petatlan earthquake of 14 March 1979 ( Ms = 7.6) was monitored by a seismic network deployed by the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics. These data allow us to revise the location of that event, and to study its pattern of foreshocks. The foreshock hypocenters are concentrated above the ocean/continent plate boundary and landward of the hypocenter of the main shock. The spatial distribution of foreshocks suggests that the foreshocks occurred along existing zones of weakness within the continental plate. During the 1 1 2 -day period preceding the Petatlan event, foreshocks were concentrated within 100 km of the epicenter of that earthquake. The pattern of precursory seismic activity we observed during that period is similar to that observed during the same time period prior to the Oaxaca earthquake of 29 November 1978. However, the 17-hr period of seismic quiescence (for events with M > 2.8) preceding the Oaxaca earthquake is not found in our data where a magnitude 4 foreshock occurs within 28 min of and 2 km from the Petatlan event. This suggests that the spatially larger set of foreshocks may have greater diagnostic value than does the sequence of precursory events within 30 km of the main shock.
Discrete/discreet appropriation: Paul Bowles, non-Western music, and race in Tangier

ABSTRACTPaul Bowles (1910–1999) was a culture broker who introduced foreign artists visiting Morocco to one another and to local artists, with the result that ‘Tangier’ follows a certain circuit within global flows of cultural capital. As the best-paid composer of incidental music in the 1930s in Hollywood, however, he was the John Williams of his era. His musical background in particular has not been clearly reconciled to his role as culture broker. Focusing on the music Bowles composed before and after living in Morocco, and returning in particular to that earlier time in the 1930s and 1940s, this essay seeks to understand how knowledge of the city of Tangier was packaged according to Bowles’s aesthetics of appropriation, and the circulation of that knowledge since. This knowledge is appropriated according to racial and ethnic categories, a topic upon which Bowles had a uniquely well-formed perspective. The essay reviews Bowles’s composition, curation, and criticism while elucidating historical and cult...
Follicular Cell Hyperplasia, Adenoma, and Carcinoma, Thyroid, Rat

Diffuse hyperplasia, which may occur in prechronic toxicity studies, has been grossly described as goiter (Latin gutter, throat). This is characterized by diffuse, uniform, bilateral enlargement of the thyroid gland; the weight of a hyperplastic gland may be ten times that of the normal thyroid gland. The diffusely hyperplastic thyroid gland is generally a darker red-brown color than the glands of control rats. This color difference has been attributed to increased vascularity and decreased follicular colloid in the hyperplastic gland. In short-term studies the capsular surface of the gland may be smooth but may become lobulated in studies of longer duration. The lobulated appearance has been attributed to the capsular fibrosis that may occur in more severe cases of hyperplasia.
Abstract B59: Bilateral oophorectomy at age 55 or older does not reduce risk of breast cancer

Introduction: It is widely accepted that premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy (BSO) reduces the risk of breast cancer. However, recently published data suggest that BSO done after menopause may also reduce risk of breast cancer. We sought to determine the impact of postmenopausal BSO on subsequent breast cancer diagnosis in a nationally representative sample. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a population-based survey conducted annually by the CDC and is designed to be representative of the non-institutionalized civilian population in the United States. We utilized data from the 2010 NHIS cancer supplement to compare breast cancer diagnosis rates in women who underwent postmenopausal BSO versus those who did not. We defined our population of interest as those women ages 65 and older who underwent BSO between the ages of 55-64. Statistical analyses were conducted using SUDAAN software. Results: In 2010, 21707 women ages 65 and older were surveyed, representing 190,813,389 people in the population. Of these, 0.97% underwent BSO between the ages of 55-64. 4.82% of women 65 years of age and older were surveyed reported developing breast cancer after the age of 65. On univariate analysis, 8.08% of women who had undergone a BSO between the ages of 55-64 developed breast cancer after age 65; whereas 24.11% of women who had not undergone a BSO developed breast cancer after age 65 (p=0.0188). The median age at which women undergoing BSO developed cancer was 74 years, on average 14 years after their oophorectomy. Having a BSO after menopause (vs. not having a BSO) was not associated with age of menarche 11 years or younger (13.8% vs. 15.6%, p=0.3701), parity (91.9% vs. 89.2%, p=0.3793), age at first live birth Conclusion: Bilateral oophorectomy performed in women after the age of 55 does not appear to reduce the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. This patient population should continue to be counseled on other methods to reduce breast cancer risk, such as chemoprevention and weight loss. Citation Format: Erin Hofstatter, Anees Chagpar. Bilateral oophorectomy at age 55 or older does not reduce risk of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B59.
Ultra-low loss stitching for large-area waveguide based delay-line gyroscopes

We report on the design and fabrication of a large-area waveguide delay-line fabricated using four masks stitched together for gyroscope applications. Waveguide loss, including 100 stitches over 3 meters, is measured to be 0.78dB/m with crossing losses of 0.0156dB/crossing yielding predicted ARW of 31.3°/hr/VHz.
“That’s Not Very Deleuzian”: Thoughts on interrupting the exclusionary nature of “High Theory”

AbstractIn the following essay, I discuss my own uneasy and nonlinear journey from the classroom to Deleuze, describing the concepts and lines of thought that have been productive in thinking differently about teaching and teacher education. I also detail my encounters with the surprising orthodoxies of using Deleuzian/Deleuzoguattarian thought. From these, I suggest that ‘being Deleuzian’ is itself a molar line that serves as an exclusionary mechanism, working to preserve high theory for the use of only a select few. Instead, I argue for the potential of making such nonlinear thinking accessible to mainstream audiences to interrupt the linear, status quo thinking undergirding a global educational neoliberal movement.
Contextual Understandings in the TPACK Framework

AbstractThe technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) framework considers the role of technology in teaching. Although TPACK is grounded in context, one limitation is the lack of understanding about the interactions between particular contexts, knowledge development, and instruction. This qualitative multiple-case study was designed to explore the contextual factors that contribute to teachers' development of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge and practice. Researchers focused on the Catholic educational environment to develop a more refined understanding of specific, and unique, contextual factors within the TPACK framework. Individual case analysis of interview and observation data pointed toward microlevel, or teacher-centric, factors, including background, attitudes, and personal conceptualization of contemporary education, to be primary influences of the development and use of technological knowledge. Recommendations are made for educators to think about how changes in ...
Axisymmetric Contact Problems

If the gap function \(g_0(r)\) is axisymmetric, and if contact is assumed to occur only within a circle of some radius a, the problem of Eqs. ( 4.8)–( 4.11) is reduced to the search for an axisymmetric harmonic function \(\varphi (r, z)\) in cylindrical polar coordinates \((r,\theta , z)\).
Secure the internet of things with challenge response authentication in fog computing

As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to grow, there arises concerns and challenges with regard to the security and privacy of the IoT system. In this paper, we propose a FOg CompUting-based Security (FOCUS) system to address the security challenges in the IoT. The proposed FOCUS system leverages the virtual private network (VPN) to secure the access channel to the IoT devices. In addition, FOCUS adopts a challenge-response authentication to protect the VPN server against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, which can further enhance the security of the IoT system. FOCUS is implemented in fog computing that is close to the end users, thus achieving a fast and efficient protection. We demonstrate FOCUS in a proof-of-concept prototype, and conduct experiments to evaluate its performance. The results show that FOCUS can effectively filter out malicious attacks with a very low response latency.
Primary intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the oral tongue: Case report and review of histologic origin and oncologic management.

Background Primary intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) of the oral tongue is an extremely uncommon malignancy with only 3 cases reported in the literature. This high-grade malignancy originates from metaplasia of minor salivary glands. Methods A 40-year-old man presented with a gradually enlarging midline oral tongue mass, odynophagia, and dysphagia. Management included a median lingual glossectomy, bilateral neck dissections, and adjuvant chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Additional chemotherapy with folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) was given to mimic therapy in colonic adenocarcinomas. Results Thirteen months after surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, there is no evidence of locoregional or distant disease. His diet and speech have normalized after reconstruction without free tissue transfer. Conclusion We report the fourth case of oral tongue ITAC, and present the first histologic evidence of metaplasia of oral cavity salivary epithelium. We also discuss adjuvant therapy recommendations given the lack of clarity for treatment of this rare disease.
Human and Organ Trafficking

Human trafficking is a $150 billion annual business. Sexual exploitation is the most profitable, accounting for $99 billion of the profits of the total annual business. This chapter examines the major trends in human trafficking and the challenges as criminal groups continue to move into this lucrative business in an effort to diversify their activities.
DD58: Die Rede sind Sie (Februar 2008)

Konferenzbesucher mussen so viele Reden erdulden. Viele Werbebotschaften, Wahlgewinnendes, Flaches, langweilige Firmenvorstellungen und auch ganz unverstandlich Technisches. Zuhoren aber ist Pflicht, weil der Konferenzbesuch so teuer war. In uns weht die Sehnsucht nach jemandem, der etwas zu sagen hat, und wie!
School Counselors and School Media Specialists: Innovative Leaders in Partnerships Promoting Student Mental Health with Online Resources

Contemporary middle- and high-school students are coming to school with more extensive and more serious mental health issues than ever before. School counselors are charged with trying to meet the social/emotional and mental health needs of these students, but with case loads topping 300+ students they struggle to have time to identify and prepare curriculum and materials that will serve to educate students about positive mental, social/emotional health. Additionally, many practicing school counselors lack the skills necessary for developing web-based portals for sharing information in ways technology-savvy teens most often access. School media specialists, technology-competent professionals, can be powerful collaborative partners in the efforts of school counselors to prepare and compile educational resources and information to support the social/emotional and mental health of high-school students. This manuscript will describe a collaborative partnership between the school media specialist and school counselor to prepare a counseling program website with resources and educational materials specifically focused on positive mental and social/emotional health for teens. Key tenets of professional preparedness, possibilities, and the process of interdisciplinary collaboration for school counselors and school media specialists seeking to develop partnerships such as the one described will be shared.
Beyond Microtechnology—Nanotechnology in Molecular Diagnosis

Advances in technology have led to significant improvements in our ability to detect and diagnose disease. In particular, the advent of nucleic acid technology has allowed unparalleled insight into the genetic basis of disease and a highly specific means to detect and diagnose infectious disease. A further technological advance, dating back to the 1980s, has been the use of microfabrication techniques widely utilized in the microelectronics imdustry to fabricate the use of microfabrication techniques widely utilized in the microelectronics industry to fabricate microminiaturized analyzers1,2. These devices have simplified and improved various steps in typical genetic test procedures, such as cell isolation and selection, nucleic acid extraction, amplification (PCR, RTR-PCR, LCR) and quantitation of nucleic acids (e.g., quantitative microchip capillary electrophoresis of PCR amplicons)3, 4, 5. More importantly integration of the analytical steps in nucleic acid assays can be achieved in a microchip format (lab-on-a-chip)6. For example, an integrated microchip was developed that performs cell isolation, cell lysis, nucleic acid purification and recovery in nanoliter volumes 7,8. Other microchips combine various steps such as DNA amplification and capillary electrophoresis9 or electrochemical detection10.
Anwendung von Gaschromatographie und Massenspektrometrie zur Identifizierung und Messung von Pentadien-(1,3) in bei Käse und Schimmelkulturen

Kopfraum-Gasproben, Capillarsaulen-Gaschromatographie und Massenspektrometrie wurden benutzt, um Pentadien-(1,3) in Kase oder Schimmelkulturen zu identifizieren und zu bestimmen. Pentadien-(1,3) wurde in sorbatbehandeltem schimmeligen Kase und in ein sorbat-behandeltes Kulturmedium, das mit einem pentadien-produzierenden Stamm vonPenicillium roqueforti geimpft war, gefunden. Sorbat-behandelter Kase oder Kulturmedien, die schimmelfrei waren, enthielten kein Pentadien-(1,3).
Critical Care of the Acute Liver Failure Patient

Acute liver failure (ALF) is the abrupt deterioration of hepatic function in an individual with no previous history of liver disease. ALF can be caused by many conditions, and etiology has a significant impact on the anticipated clinical course. Early management focuses on investigating the etiology and assessing the extent of the patient’s hepatic impairment. Multiple prognostic scoring systems exist that predict recovery from ALF. The most common causes of death are sepsis and cerebral herniation. The definitive goals of care are confirming the initial diagnosis, initiating appropriate etiology-directed therapy, monitoring for further hepatic decompensation, supporting homeostasis to facilitate hepatic regeneration, and preventing complications. Most patients recover from ALF, but some require liver transplantation.
Validity of Smartphone Applications at Measuring Steps: Does Wear Location Matter?

Fifty-two participants walked on a treadmill at 4.8 km/h for 500 steps while wearing four Samsung Galaxy S4 smartphones on the arm, waist, pocket, and hand while each phone simultaneously ran five ...
Cross-ISA machine instrumentation using fast and scalable dynamic binary translation

The rise in instruction set architecture (ISA) diversity and the growing adoption of virtual machines are driving a need for fast, scalable, full-system, cross-ISA emulation and instrumentation tools. Unfortunately, achieving high performance for these cross-ISA tools is challenging due to dynamic binary translation (DBT) overhead and the complexity of instrumenting full-system emulators. In this paper we improve cross-ISA emulation and instrumentation performance through three novel techniques. First, we increase floating point (FP) emulation performance by observing that most FP operations can be correctly emulated by surrounding the use of the host FP unit with a minimal amount of non-FP code. Second, we introduce the design of a translator with a shared code cache that scales for multi-core guests, even when they generate translated code in parallel at a high rate. Third, we present an ISA-agnostic instrumentation layer that can instrument guest operations that occur outside of the DBT’s intermediate representation (IR), which are common in full-system emulators. We implement our approach in Qelt, a high-performance cross-ISA machine emulator and instrumentation tool based on QEMU. Our results show that Qelt scales to 32 cores when emulating a guest machine used for parallel compilation, which demonstrates scalable code translation. Furthermore, experiments based on SPEC06 show that Qelt (1) outperforms QEMU as a full-system cross-ISA machine emulator by 1.76×/2.18× for integer/FP workloads, (2) outperforms state-of-the-art, cross-ISA, full-system instrumentation tools by 1.5×-3×, and (3) can match the performance of Pin, a state-of-the-art, same-ISA DBI tool, when used for complex instrumentation such as cache simulation.
Elastic domains of giant proteins in striated muscle: Modeling compliance with rulers.

The contractile proteins in myofibers, myofilaments, are arranged into repeating units called sarcomeres. As well as thick and thin filaments, each sarcomere contains the elastic proteins nebulin and titin, which are central to the theme of the 2018 Madison Myofilament Meeting, “Elastic Domains in
Continuous Caudal Block in an Infant with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita

Arthrogryposis multiple congenita is a syndrome for which multiple surgical procedures are often necessary to correct orthopedic deformities. Patients with this syndrome present multiple problems, and regional anesthesia has been specifically recommended for their anesthetic management. The ability to perform a continuous caudal block in neonates and small infants is limited because of the relatively large size of available continuous epidural catheters. This article discusses the anesthetic problems associated with the management of this syndrome and describes a means of obtaining a continuous caudal block using a 22-gauge, 2-cm butterfly needle as well as the doses required to provide continuous caudal blockade in an infant weighing 4.9 kg.
KIPET – An Open-Source Kinetic Parameter Estimation Toolkit

Abstract This paper presents a new software package, KIPET, which is designed to estimate kinetic parameters from dynamic chemical reaction systems. The software toolkit is based on a unified framework that makes use of maximum likelihood principles, collocation-based discretization methods, and large-scale nonlinear optimization. KIPET contains a wide array of tools for kinetic parameter estimation and model evaluation in an easy-to-use open-source Python-based framework. The package can currently be used for data pre-processing, simulation of reactive systems described with differential algebraic equations, estimability analysis, estimation of system variances and measurement errors separately, estimation of kinetic parameters from spectroscopic data or concentration data, and the estimation of parameter confidence intervals using NLP sensitivities. Since large-scale NLP problems require robust initialization strategies, a variety of tools for initialization are also included. KIPET utilizes Pyomo, a Python-based open-source optimization modeling language, in the background to formulate and solve all optimization problems and leverages other open-source Python packages to provide visualization of results. KIPET is well-documented and available for free download from the code-hosting site Github.
Molecular modeling of high-affinity interactions between phosphopeptides and the SH2 domain of Stat3

3180 Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) is constitutively active in several cancer types and is a target for anti-cancer drug design. Compounds targeted to the SH2 domain would uncouple this protein from its roles in the aberrant survival and cell cycling pathways that characterize cancer cells. The design of peptidominetics targeted to Stat3 would be greatly aided by a model of phosphopeptides bound to the SH2 domain. The SH2 domains of four STAT proteins crystallized to date show remarkably high tertiary structure overlap. In comparison to the SH2 domains of non-STAT proteins such as Grb-family adapters, p85PI3K, Src-family kinases, etc, the STATs have sequence deletions in the EF loop region. Instead, they have a pocket that resides between beta strand D and a unique helix. We used the X-ray structure of the complex of Stat1 and Ac-pTyr-Asp-Lys-Pro-His [1] as a template to propose a model of interactions between pTyr-Xxx-Xxx-Gln peptides and Stat3. Ac-pTyr-Leu-Pro-Gln-NHBn [2] was docked into the SH2 domain of Stat3 using InsightII and the assembly was subjected to energy minimization. In addition to the “standard” phosphotyrosine interactions, the complex reveals peptide backbone-protein hydrogen bonds between Leu NH and C=O, Pro C=O and the NH of the benzyl amide that are in keeping with results of structure-activity studies published previously [2]. These interactions are unique to STAT-peptide interactions. The CONH2 of Gln resides in a pocket between beta strand D and the unique helix and can form hydrogen bonds with the main chain carbonyl groups of Pro639 and Tyr640. Beta-substituted Gln analogues bind poorly supporting a tight interaction in the proposed pocket. The model proposed in this study has potential use in the design of peptidomimetic inhibitors of Stat3. 1. Mao et al Mol. Cell 17:761-71, 2005 2. Coleman et al. J.Med. Chem. 48:6661, 2005
Quantum computing assisted deep learning for fault detection and diagnosis in industrial process systems

Abstract Quantum computing (QC) and deep learning techniques have attracted widespread attention in the recent years. This paper proposes QC-based deep learning methods for fault diagnosis that exploit their unique capabilities to overcome the computational challenges faced by conventional data-driven approaches performed on classical computers. Deep belief networks are integrated into the proposed fault diagnosis model and are used to extract features at different levels for normal and faulty process operations. The QC-based fault diagnosis model uses a quantum computing assisted generative training process followed by discriminative training to address the shortcomings of classical algorithms. To demonstrate its applicability and efficiency, the proposed fault diagnosis method is applied to process monitoring of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and Tennessee Eastman (TE) process. The proposed QC-based deep learning approach enjoys superior fault detection and diagnosis performance with obtained average fault detection rates of 79.2% and 99.39% for CSTR and TE process, respectively.
Duelling dynasties : a proposal concerning Ezekiel’s sign-act of the two sticks

Ezekiel’s sign-act of the two sticks is an interpretive quagmire. Interpretive issues include the association of ‘Israel’ with both sticks, the use of the name ‘Joseph’ to identify the entity assoc...
Analysis of the Mean Meridional Circulation Using Satellite Data

Near-global satellite data on temperature, ozone, and water vapor are now being used to calculate both residual mean and diabatic circulation fields in the stratosphere. For the residual circulation, the effects of wave forcing must also be calculated from satellite temperatures. Both calculations require very accurate and preferably consistent (ozone and temperature for same month and year) data sets. The derived circulations can be used to conduct tracer transport simulations which can be compared with the observed tracer behavior. Because the precision of the satellite tracer measurements is very good, this procedure provides a means for evaluating the derived circulation.
Colleges and Community Crime: An Analysis of Campus Proximity and Neighborhood Crime Rates:

Property and violent crime have been associated in past research with many of the same lifestyle features typical of college students and the structural characteristics of the neighborhoods where s...
The best course of action.

Abstract An 11-year-old girl noted gradual visual loss in the right eye for 1 year with subfoveal yellow deposits in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography, electro-oculogram and electroretinogram was in-keeping with Best Disease. This disorder is discussed.
Infinitesimal Methods in Mathematical Economics

This is the partial manuscript of a book developing the tools of nonstandard analysis, geared to applications in mathematical economics. It was written over the period 1993-2008. There is no plan to complete and publish it.
A high throughput screening assay for inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped particle entry

Effective small molecule therapies to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection are still lacking as the COVID-19 pandemic continues globally. High throughput screening assays are needed for lead discovery and optimization of small molecule SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. In this work, we have applied viral pseudotyping to establish a cell-based SARS-CoV-2 entry assay. Here, the pseudotyped particles (PP) contain SARS-CoV-2 spike in a membrane enveloping both the murine leukemia virus (MLV) gag-pol polyprotein and luciferase reporter RNA. Upon addition of PP to HEK293-ACE2 cells, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to the ACE2 receptor on the cell surface, resulting in priming by host proteases to trigger endocytosis of these particles, and membrane fusion between the particle envelope and the cell membrane. The internalized luciferase reporter gene is then expressed in cells, resulting in a luminescent readout as a surrogate for spike-mediated entry into cells. This SARS-CoV-2 PP entry assay can be executed in a biosafety level 2 containment lab for high throughput screening. From a collection of 5,158 approved drugs and drug candidates, our screening efforts identified 7 active compounds that inhibited the SARS-CoV-2-S PP entry. Of these seven, six compounds were active against live replicating SARS-CoV-2 virus in a cytopathic effect assay. Our results demonstrated the utility of this assay in the discovery and development of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors as well as the mechanistic study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds. Additionally, particles pseudotyped with spike proteins from SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants were prepared and used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of viral entry inhibitors.
The Intelligent Phenotypic Plasticity Platform (IP 3) for Precision Medicine-Based Injury Prevention in Sport

The best predictor of future injury is previous injury and this has not changed in a quarter century despite the introduction of evidence-based medicine and associated revisions to post-injury treatment and care. Nearly nine million sports-related injuries occur annually, and the majority of these require medical intervention prior to clearance for the athlete to return to play (RTP). Regardless of formal care, these athletes remain two to four times more likely to suffer a second injury for several years after RTP. In the case of children and young adults, this sets them up for a lifetime of negative health outcomes. Thus, the initial injury is the tipping point for a post-injury cascade of negative sequelae exposing athletes to more physical and psychological pain, higher medical costs, and greater risk of severe long-term negative health throughout their life. This chapter details the technologies and method that make up the automated Intelligent Phenotypic Plasticity Platform (IP3)-a revolutionary new approach to the current standard of post-injury care that identifies and targets deficits that underly second injury risk in sport. IP3 capitalizes on the biological concept of phenotypic plasticity (PP) to quantify an athlete's functional adaptability across different performance environments, and it is implemented in two distinct steps: (1) phenomic profiling and (2) precision treatment. Phenomic profiling indexes the fitness and subsequent phenotypic plasticity of an individual athlete, which drives the personalization of the precision treatment step. IP3 leverages mixed-reality technologies to present true-to-life environments that test the athlete's ability to adapt to dynamic stressors. The athlete's phenotypic plasticity profile is then used to drive a precision treatment that systematically stresses the athlete, via a combination of behavioral-based and genetic fuzzy system models, to optimally enhance the athlete's functional adaptability. IP3 is computationally light-weight and, through the integration with mixed-reality technologies, promotes real-time prediction, responsiveness, and adaptation. It is also the first ever phenotypic plasticity-based precision medicine platform, and the first precision sports medicine platform of any kind.
SU-C-207-04: Reconstruction Artifact Reduction in X-Ray Cone Beam CT Using a Treatment Couch Model

Purpose: to mitigate artifacts induced by the presence of the RT treatment couch in on-board CBCT and improve image quality Methods: a model of a Varian IGRT couch is constructed using a CBCT scan of the couch in air. The model is used to generate a set of forward projections (FP) of the treatment couch at specified gantry angles. The model couch forward projections are then used to process CBCT scan projections which contain the couch in addition to the scan object (Catphan phantom), in order to remove the attenuation component of the couch at any given gantry angle. Prior to pre-processing with the model FP, the Catphan projection data is normalized to an air scan with bowtie filter. The filtered Catphan projections are used to reconstruct the CBCT with an in-house FDK algorithm. The artifact reduction in the processed CBCT scan is assessed visually, and the image quality improvement is measured with the CNR over a few selected ROIs of the Catphan modules. Results: Sufficient match between the forward projected data and the x-ray projections is achieved to allow filtering in attenuation space. Visual improvement of the couch induced artifacts is achieved, with a moderate expense of CNR. Conclusion:more » Couch model-based correction of CBCT projection data has a potential for qualitative improvement of clinical CBCT scans, without requiring position specific correction data. The technique could be used to produce models of other artifact inducing devices, such as immobilization boards, and reduce their impact on patient CBCT images.« less
The effects of ryanodine on model systems derived from muscle. II. Myofibrils and natural actomyosin.

Abstract ATPase activity of myosin B and myofibrils was measured in calcium-buffered solutions at various concentrations of Mg 2+ and ATP in the presence and absence of ryanodine. No effect of ryanodine on myosin B ATPase was found except when ATP was present in excess over Mg 2+ , when the inhibitory effect of excess ATP was suppressed by ryanodine. A small but consistent increase in myofibrillar ATPase was produced by ryanodine at [Ca 2+ ] = 10 −6 − 3 × 10 −5 M; this increase was more pronounced when ATP was present in excess over Mg ++ . Ryanodine may act in part by stabilizing the actomyosin complex against the dissociating effect of ATP.
Family Day Care

The child care debate of the 1970s has been caught in the crossfire of conflicting ideologies and social policy uncertainties. Family day care, a largely informal but widely used enterprise, has emerged from this debate as an indispensable component of child care arrangements. This article reviews the literature on this mode of child care. Characteristics of the unstructured nature of family day care, intended to replicate the climate of the "natural" home, are explored. The changes in this informal system, with its increasing need to conform to regulation because of public subsidies, are delineated. The turbulent history of family day care regulation, which now stimulates an interest in new regulatory strategies, is noted. Research efforts in family day care are reviewed and the conclusion is reached that the data fail to demonstrate with unequivocable clarity a reliable direction for social policy. Further research directions are recommended. For the next decade, in which child care arrangements will ta...
Flow ratios to express results obtained with the human in vivo 'perfused forearm technique'.

Aims To determine the accuracy of forearm blood flow (FBF) ratio (flow in infused arm/flow in control arm) to detect unilateral increases in forearm blood flow. Methods In nine healthy male volunteers, we measured the effect of infusion of saline into the brachial artery at a rate of 2 ml/100 ml forearm min−1 on FBF ratio during control, mental arithmetic (MAR) and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at −40 mmHg. Results Saline infusion increased FBF ratio from baseline by 115.9±17.4, 82.0±19.0 and 159.6±53.3% for control, MAR and LBNP, respectively (P<0.05 for MAR vs control). Conclusions FBF ratio may underestimate unilateral increases in forearm blood flow during simultaneous mental arousal.
Quality by Design for the Pharmaceutical Industry

Many industries have incorporated design of experiment (DoE) as an important tool for product and process improvement. DoE allows researchers to vary multiple factors at a time in a systematic fashion, in order to obtain more information for the same amount of resources. This article discusses the DoEs that are relevant to pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: design of experiment (DoE); process improvement; pharmaceutical industry; product improvement
Topsoil foraging – an architectural adaptation of plants to low phosphorus availability

Low phosphorus availability is a primary constraint to plant productivity in many natural and agricultural ecosystems. Plants display a wide array of adaptive responses to low phosphorus availability that generally serve to enhance phosphorus mobility in the soil and increase its uptake. One set of adaptive responses is the alteration of root architecture to increase phosphorus acquisition from the soil at minimum metabolic cost. In a series of studies with the common bean, work in our laboratory has shown that architectural traits that enhance topsoil foraging appear to be particularly important for genotypic adaptation to low phosphorus soils (‘phosphorus efficiency’). In particular, the gravitropic trajectory of basal roots, adventitious rooting, the dispersion of lateral roots, and the plasticity of these processes in response to phosphorus availability contribute to phosphorus efficiency in this species. These traits enhance the exploration and exploitation of shallow soil horizons, where phosphorus availability is greatest in many soils. Studies with computer models of root architecture show that root systems with enhanced topsoil foraging acquire phosphorus more efficiently than others of equivalent size. Comparisons of contrasting genotypes in controlled environments and in the field show that plants with better topsoil foraging have superior phosphorus acquisition and growth in low phosphorus soils. It appears that many architectural responses to phosphorus stress may be mediated by the plant hormone ethylene. Genetic mapping of these traits shows that they are quantitatively inherited but can be tagged with QTLs that can be used in plant breeding programs. New crop genotypes incorporating these traits have substantially improved yield in low phosphorus soils, and are being deployed in Africa and Latin America.
Abstract 130: PF-06463922, a novel next generation ALK/ROS1 inhibitor, overcomes resistance to 1st and 2nd generation ALK inhibitors in pre-clinical models

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Overcoming resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors is a major clinical challenge in oncology. For 1st and 2nd generation ALK inhibitors acquired resistance due to ALK kinase domain mutations and/or pharmacological drug resistance are major causes for disease relapse. Here, we report the preclinical evaluation of PF-06463922, a potent and brain penetrant ALK/ROS1 inhibitor with sub to low nanomolar cell potency against ALK fusions and all known clinically-acquired resistant mutations. PF-06463922 exhibited marked cytoreductive activity in tumor xenografts driven by various ALK mutants. Furthermore, PF-06463922 led to significant regression of EML4-ALK driven lung cancer brain metastasis and prolonged mouse survival. Compared to other clinically available ALK inhibitors, PF-06463922 is unique in its superior potency against a broad spectrum of acquired ALK mutations, including the highly resistant G1202R mutant and its robust antitumor activity in the brain. Furthermore, PF-06463922 demonstrated remarkable selectivity and safety margins in a variety of preclinical studies. These results suggest that PF-06463922 may be highly effective for the treatment of patients with ALK-driven lung cancers, including those who relapsed on clinically available ALK inhibitors due to ALK secondary mutations and/or brain metastases. Citation Format: Luc Friboulet, Helen Zou, David P. Kodack, Lars D. Engstrom, Qiuhua Li, Melissa West, Ruth W. Tang, Hui Wang, Konstantinos Tsaparikos, Jinwei Wang, Sergei Timofeevski, Dac M. Dinh, Hieu Lam, Justine L. Lam, Shinji Yamazaki, Wenyue Hu, Bhushankumar Patel, Divya Bezwada, Sidra Mahmood, Eugene Lifshits, Timothy Affolter, Patrick B. Lappin, Hovhannes Gukasyan, Nathan Lee, Shibing Deng, Rakesh K. Jain, Ted W. Johnson, Alice T. Shaw, Valeria R. Fantin, Tod Smeal. PF-06463922, a novel next generation ALK/ROS1 inhibitor, overcomes resistance to 1st and 2nd generation ALK inhibitors in pre-clinical models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-130
Cortical development and learning during vision, recognition, and action

This tutorial will survey recent results concerning how the visual cortex develops, learning, and sees; how the temporal cortex learns to recognize and predict objects and events; and about how visually-based movements, notably eye movements, are adaptively calibrated.
Effects of endotoxin on gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, and liver glycogen synthase in mice.

This study was undertaken to characterize the nature of carbohydrate loss due to endotoxin poisoning in mice and to elucidate mechanisms responsible for the changes. Female ICR mice, fasted overnight, were injected intraperitoneally with a mean lethal dose of endotoxin extracted from Salmonella typhimurium strain SR-11. Liver glycogen levels, alanine-U-14C and pyruvate-2-14C incorporation into blood glucose and liver glycogen, glucose-U-14C incorporation into liver glycogen, and liver glycogen synthase activities were measured at intervals after treatment. Liver glycogen in fasted mice given endotoxin was diminished significantly as early as 1 h after treatment. Liver glycogen synthase was significantly decreased in poisoned mice at 17 h. The use of actinomycin D showed that the induction of this enzyme due to fasting or hydrocortisone, or both, was inhibited by endotoxin. The incorporation of the 14C-label from alanine-U-14C, pyruvate-2-14C, or glucose-U-14C into blood glucose and liver glycogen was substantially impaired in endotoxemic animals at 12 h. Decreases in incorporation occurred as early as 4 h after treatment. The progressive increase in glycogen synthase activity observed in fasted controls was not seen in endotoxin-poisoned mice. The administration of a glucose or pyruvate load to endotoxin-treated mice did not restore gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, or liver glycogen synthase activity to normal levels. The in vivo activation of glycogen synthase by glucose was significantly reduced in endotoxemic animals. These changes indicate reduced carbohydrate synthesis as a probable cause for rapid sugar loss during endotoxemia in mice.
Pancreatic, gallbladder, and gastric responses to intraduodenal calcium perfusion in man.

To determine the effect of intraduodenal calcium on pancreatic, gallbladder, and gastric functions in healthy man, a validated perfusion method was employed to quantify total pancreatic, biliary, and gastric outputs during duodenal perfusion of either 6 mm, 12 mm, or 25 mm of elemental calcium (as isotonic calcium chloride solutions). Intraluminal calcium stimulated pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction in a dose-related fashion, achieving comparable responses to those produced by intravenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ). Responses to calcium were reproducible when repeated in the same individual. Gastric acid outputs and serum gastrin levels increased significantly only with higher calcium perfusions (25 mm). Although duodenal calcium perfusion (25 mm) slightly increased serum calcium concentrations, induced hypercalcemia (by intravenous calcium infusion) of similar magnitude had no effect on pancreatic or gallbladder function. It is suggested that intraduodenal calcium may induce release of CCK-PZ (and/or other neurohormonal factors) from the gut, causing stimulation of these digestive organs.
Prostate Tumor Growth Can Be Modulated by Dietarily Targeting the 15-Lipoxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzymes

The main objectives of our study were to determine the bioavailability of omega-3 (ω-3) to the tumor, to understand its mechanisms, and to determine the feasibility of targeting the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolizing 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways. Nude mice injected subcutaneously with LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells were randomly divided into three different isocaloric (and same percent [%] of total fat) diet groups: high ω-6 linoleic acid (LA), high ω-3 stearidonic acid (SDA) PUFAs, and normal (control) diets. Tumor growth and apoptosis were examined as end points after administration of short-term (5 weeks) ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid diets. Tumor tissue membranes were examined for growth, lipids, enzyme activities, apoptosis, and proliferation. Tumors from the LA diet-fed mice exhibited the most rapid growth compared with tumors from the control and SDA diet-fed mice. Moreover, a diet switch from LA to SDA caused a dramatic decrease in the growth of tumors in 5 weeks, whereas tumors grew more aggressively when mice were switched from an SDA to an LA diet. Evaluating tumor proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (caspase-3) in mice fed the LA and SDA diets suggested increased percentage proliferation index from the ω-6 diet-fed mice compared with the tumors from the ω-3 SDA-fed mice. Further, increased apoptosis was observed in tumors from ω-3 SDA diet-fed mice versus tumors from ω-6 diet-fed mice. Levels of membrane phospholipids of red blood cells reflected dietary changes and correlated with the levels observed in tumors. Linoleic or arachidonic acid and metabolites (eicosanoid/prostaglandins) were analyzed for 15-LO-1 and COX-2 activities by high-performance liquid chromatography. We also examined the percent unsaturated or saturated fatty acids in the total phospholipids, PUFA ω-6/ω-3 ratios, and other major enzymes (elongase, Delta [Δ]-5-desaturase, and Δ-6-desaturase) of ω-6 catabolic pathways from the tumors. We observed a 2.7-fold increase in the ω-6/ω-3 ratio in tumors from LA diet-fed mice and a 4.2-fold decrease in the ratio in tumors from the SDA diet-fed mice. There was an increased Δ-6-desaturase and Δ-9 desaturase enzyme activities and reduced estimated Δ-5-desaturase activity in tumors from mice fed the SDA diet. Opposite effects were observed in tumors from mice fed the LA diet. Together, these observations provide mechanistic roles of ω-3 fatty acids in slowing prostate cancer growth by altering ω-6/ω-3 ratios through diet and by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in tumors by directly competing with ω-6 fatty acids for 15-LO-1 and COX-2 activities.
Broadband lossy impedance matching of antennas

In RF applications such as transmitters, amplifiers, receivers, and antennas, a task of vital importance is the design of an impedance matching network, one that can transfer the most power from the source to the load. Lossless matching networks at a single frequency have been well studied, while the broadband impedance matching problem was only defined 70 years ago.
Poorer Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated with Cystoid Macular Edema Identified in Preterm Infants in the Intensive Care Nursery

Purpose To evaluate the association between cystoid macular edema (CME) observed in very preterm infants and developmental outcomes at 18 to 24 months corrected age. Design Cohort study. Participants Infants born at or less than 1500 g or at or less than 30 weeks postmenstrual age who underwent screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in an intensive care nursery. Methods Bedside handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT; Envisu, Bioptigen, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC) imaging was obtained from preterm infants who were being screened for ROP and graded for presence of CME, central foveal thickness (CFT), inner nuclear layer thickness, and foveal-to-parafoveal thickness ratio. At 18 to 24 months corrected age, the children were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. Main Outcome Measures Scores on the Bayley cognitive, language, and motor subscales. Results Among 77 children with SD OCT imaging, 53 were evaluated with the Bayley Scales. Compared with children who did not have CME as infants (n = 22), the mean score for children who had CME (n = 31) was 7.3 points (95% confidence interval [CI], −15.5 to 0.9; P = 0.08) lower on the cognitive subscale, 14.1 points (95% CI, −22.7 to −5.5; P = 0.002) lower for the language subscale, and 11.5 points (95% CI, −21.6 to −1.3; P = 0.03) lower for the motor subscale. Differences were maintained after adjusting for gestational age and birth weight. Severity of CME, as assessed by foveal-to-parafoveal thickness ratio, within the CME group correlated with poorer cognitive ( R 2 = 0.16, P = 0.03) and motor ( R 2 = 0.15, P = 0.03) development. Conclusions Cystoid macular edema observed on SD OCT in very preterm infants screened for ROP is associated with poorer language and motor skills at 18 to 24 months corrected age. Evaluation of the retina with SD-OCT may serve as an indicator of neurodevelopmental health for very preterm infants in the intensive care nursery.