cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional culture regulates Raf-1 expression to modulate fibronectin matrix assembly

Oncogenic transformation has been associated with decreased fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly. For example, both the HT-1080 fibrosarcoma and MAT-LyLu cell lines fail to assemble a FN matrix when grown in monolayer culture (2-dimensional [2D] system). In this study, we show that these cells regain the ability to assemble a FN matrix when they are grown as aggregates (3-dimensional [3D] system). FN matrix assembly in 3D correlates with decreased Raf-1 protein expression compared with cells grown in monolayer culture. This effect is associated with reduced Raf-1 mRNA levels as determined by quantitative RT-PCR and not proteasome-mediated degradation of endogenous Raf-1. Interestingly, transient expression of a Raf-1 promoter-reporter construct demonstrates increased Raf-1 promoter activity in 3D, suggesting that the transition to 3D culture may modulate Raf-1 mRNA stability. Finally, to confirm that decreased Raf-1 expression results in increased FN matrix assembly, we used both pharmacological and small interfering RNA knockdown of Raf-1. This restored the ability of cells in 2D culture to assemble a FN matrix. Moreover, overexpression of Raf-1 prevented FN matrix assembly by cells cultured in 3D, resulting in decreased aggregate compaction. This work provides new insight into how the cell microenvironment may influence Raf-1 expression to modulate cell-FN interactions in 3D.
Mechanisms of long-term potentiation: a current-source density analysis

A current-source density (CSD) analysis was carried out in the CA 1 region of the hippocampal slice (1) to determine the pattern of current flow in pyramidal cells upon orthodromic stimulation and (2) to test the hypothesis that EPSP-to-spike potentiation is produced by an alteration in this distribution of current sinks and/or sources. The results indicated that 2 sinks occur near the cell body layer (in addition to the sink associated with the EPSP) in response to orthodromic stimulation of the apical dendrites. An early (i.e., short-latency) sink was present along the radiatum/pyramidale border and was evident throughout the time course of the evoked field potential. This sink peaked in magnitude just prior to the peak of the population spike and was associated with orthodromic stimulation; it was not seen with antidromic stimulation. A second, later, sink occurred in the proximal portion of the basal dendrites and had a characteristic time course similar to the population spike; this second sink was also present during antidromic stimulation. There was some suggestion that the earlier dendritic sink shifted apically with development of long-term potentiation (LTP). The existence and movement of such an active zone in these cells may help to explain the dissociation of EPSP and spike potentiation in LTP.
Measure for Measure: Moving from narratives to timelines in social media networking

A variety of prose genres, from the memoir to the novel, commonly represent individual lives in terms of sequential narratives recounted by a single voice. Mapped onto the personal, this trope seems fundamental to the very structure of prose writing, capaciously bestowing an underlying, unifying sense of purpose around the numerous events and relations that constitute everyday experience. Distinct from this paradigm, cultural theorist Roberto Simanowski in “The Compelling Charm of Numbers” [1] criticizes Facebook's relatively recent addition of a personal timeline to each individual account as a kind of failed “diary in that that it doesn't describe - or record - experiences at the end of the day, week or month.” This paper re-evaluates the declining use of narrativity as one of modernity's primary symbolic forms, arguing that the increased cultural interest in quantifying social and individual relations does not necessarily imply a corresponding loss in critical self-reflection, as Simanowski implies. Rather, Facebook's timeline may, instead, be considered as following broader scientific concerns for building more objective, algorithmically consistent epistemologies free from cultural bias. Refuting Simanowski's own category of “technical naturalism” to describe these new epistemologies, I will propose that social media tools like timelines can provide new frameworks for technical communicators in their study of human interaction both on and offline.
Novel Alphaproteobacterial Root Nodule Symbiont Associated with Lupinus texensis

Phylogenetic analysis of rRNA gene, recA, nodA, nifD, and nifH sequences suggested that nitrogen-fixing symbionts from two populations of Lupinus texensis acquired the capacity for nodule symbiosis separately from other rhizobia in the alphaproteobacteria. Their closest 16S rRNA relatives were the nonsymbiotic taxa Chelatococcus, Bosea, and Balneomonas.
An Evidence-Based Clinical Approach to Suicide Prevention in the Department of Defense: The Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS)

There are few evidence-based approaches for the treatment of suicidality particularly within the Department of Defense settings (DoD) (Schoenbaum, Heinssen, & Pearson, 2009). This article describes...
Building dynamic democratic governance and HIV-resilient societies

HIV epidemics continue to spread around the world. Although most responses have emphasized medical approaches, the HIV and AIDS situation could be further improved by applying good governance principles. In analyzing national responses to HIV and AIDS from Brazil, Thailand, and Uganda, common factors consistent with democratic governance principles can be found. These factors are the strategic vision of political leaders, timely responses, strong and effective civil society participation, multisectoral mobilization, balancing prevention and treatment approaches, respecting human rights, and transparency. By building knowledge-bases, advocating policy improvement and taking strategic actions for programmatic responses, countries in South-East Asia have developed an Early Warning Rapid Response System which applies good governance principles for multisectoral actions in building HIV resilience. Engaging the construction sector to prevent HIV can ensure sustainable returns on economic investments. In mobilizing non-health sectors such as agriculture and construction, broader strategic action programmes can be devised to complement the efforts of the health sector in mitigating socio-economic crises aggravated by HIV and AIDS. The article concludes that the democratic governance approach is an essential option worth pursuing because it makes a critical contribution to reversing the relentlessly expanding trend of the HIV and AIDS pandemic.
Mercury, Lead, and Zinc in Baby Teeth of Children with Autism Versus Controls

This study determined the level of mercury, lead, and zinc in baby teeth of children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 15, age 6.1 ± 2.2 yr) and typically developing children (n = 11, age = 7 ± 1.7 yr). Children with autism had significantly (2.1-fold) higher levels of mercury but similar levels of lead and similar levels of zinc. Children with autism also had significantly higher usage of oral antibiotics during their first 12 mo of life, and possibly higher usage of oral antibiotics during their first 36 mo of life. Baby teeth are a good measure of cumulative exposure to toxic metals during fetal development and early infancy, so this study suggests that children with autism had a higher body burden of mercury during fetal/infant development. Antibiotic use is known to almost completely inhibit excretion of mercury in rats due to alteration of gut flora. Thus, higher use of oral antiobiotics in the children with autism may have reduced their ability to excrete mercury, and hence may partially explain t...
Atmospheric acoustics of Titan, Mars, Venus, and Earth

Planetary atmospheres are complex dynamical systems whose structure, composition, and dynamics intimately affect the propagation of sound. Thus, acoustic waves, being coupled directly to the medium, can effectively probe planetary environments. Here we show how the acoustic absorption and speed of sound in the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, Titan, and Earth (as predicted by a recent molecular acoustics model) mirror the different environments. Starting at the surface, where the sound speed ranges from ∼200 m/s for Titan to ∼410 m/s for Venus, the vertical sound speed profiles reveal differences in the atmospheres’ thermal layering and composition. The absorption profiles are relatively smooth for Mars, Titan, and Earth while Venus stands out with a noticeable attenuation dip occurring between 40 and 100 km. We also simulate a descent module sampling the sound field produced by a low-frequency “event” near the surface noting the occurrence of acoustic quiet zones.
Regulation of brain ornithine decarboxylase activity in the neonatal rat.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and its polyamine end-products have been suggested to play important roles in outgrowth and function of central neurons. ODC displays high activity in neonatal rat brain followed by a rapid decline to the low levels characteristic of mature brain. The mechanisms underlying this developmental pattern were found to involve transcriptional, translational and post-translational factors. Inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D led to a more rapid loss of ODC activity in 2 day old rats when compared to 10 day olds, indicating a greater dependence on ongoing RNA synthesis to maintain the higher activity in the younger rats. Inhibition of translation with cycloheximide produced a slower rate of decline of ODC in the younger animals: these data indicate that the higher ODC seen early in development is due in part to a greater rate of transcription of RNA coding for ODC (greater actinomycin D sensitivity) combined with a slower rate of degradation of enzyme activity (slower loss after cycloheximide). In keeping with the concept that the maturational dimunution of ODC involves a reduction in the amount of enzyme present, kinetic studies revealed a decline in the enzyme Vmax between 2 days and 10 days of age; unlike the situation for ODC in developing heart tissue, there was no evidence for a maturational shift in Kmorn. Similarly, dexamethasone treatment, which reduces brain ODC and causes consequent defects in synaptogenesis, produced the ODC deficit through reductions in Vmax without alterations in Kmorn. Results of mixing and dialysis experiments with neonatal and adult ODC preparations suggested that additional post-translational regulation of brain ODC activity takes place, involving a dialyzable activator in the neonate and a non-dialyzable inhibitor in the adult. Thus, the higher brain ODC activity seen at 2 days appears to be due to a greater rate of enzyme formation and slowed degradation, combined with post-translational activation of the activity; the developmental decline in ODC reflects a reduction in the amount of enzyme along with loss of the post-translational activator and appearance of an inhibitor.
Estimating surface NO2 and SO2 mixing ratios from fast-response total column observations and potential application to geostationary missions

Total-column nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data collected by a ground-based sun-tracking spectrometer system (Pandora) and an photolytic-converter-based in-situ instrument collocated at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia were analyzed to study the relationship between total-column and surface NO2 measurements. The measurements span more than a year and cover all seasons. Surface mixing ratios are estimated via application of a planetary boundary-layer (PBL) height correction factor. This PBL correction factor effectively corrects for boundary-layer variability throughout the day, and accounts for up to ≈75 % of the variability between the NO2 data sets. Previous studies have made monthly and seasonal comparisons of column/surface data, which has shown generally good agreement over these long average times. In the current analysis comparisons of column densities averaged over 90 s and 1 h are made. Applicability of this technique to sulfur dioxide (SO2) is briefly explored. The SO2 correlation is improved by excluding conditions where surface levels are considered background. The analysis is extended to data from the July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ mission over the greater Baltimore, MD area to examine the method’s performance in more-polluted urban conditions where NO2 concentrations are typically much higher.
Synthetic legal intoxicating drugs: the emerging 'incense' and 'bath salt' phenomenon

Synthetic legal intoxicating drugs (SLIDs), such as those commonly contained in products sold over the counter as "bath salts" and "incense," have risen tremendously in popularity in the past few years. These drugs can have powerful adverse effects, including acute psychosis with delusions, hallucinations, and potentially dangerous, bizarre behavior.
Poisson ratios of polycrystals

Calculs bases sur differents modeles des coefficients de Poisson dans les polycristaux cubiques centres et cubiques a faces centrees pour differents modeles atomiques. Comparaison avec des resultats experimentaux
A Note on the Interpretation of Scale Values in Multidimensional Scaling Growth Analysis

Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) has been used as a growth mixture modeling technique in psychological and education research in recent years. This note focuses on a detailed explanation of interpreting the scale values in MDS growth analysis. Since scale values from MDS growth analysis are based on the Euclidean metric, we attempt to offer some guidance on interpretation of the scale values in terms of percentage of change in growth between each time interval. This approach is illustrated with a hypothetical example, and it can be used in actual research settings.
Socialization to Academic Language in a Kindergarten Classroom.

AbstractRecognizing the importance of academic language for students’ success in schools, this article reports on an investigation of how narrative-focused literacy events in the classroom provide opportunities for academic language socialization. Data were collected from one public elementary school in a major metropolitan area in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Participants include an intact kindergarten class of 16 students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and their teacher. The results of the investigation revealed that sharing time provides opportunities for socialization to academic register through: (1) requiring that students successfully navigate the academic language demands of the interaction, (2) providing differentiated teacher scaffolding that supports students in meeting these demands, and (3) building a linguistic third space. The author discusses how the data and results demonstrate that the roots of mature academic language register are in the emergent...
Abstract 1856: A KRAS-variant as a putative biomarker of ovarian cancer risk

Purpose: Ovarian cancer is the single most deadly form of women9s cancer, largely due to a lack of known risk factors or genetic markers. The KRAS oncogene and altered levels of the microRNA let-7 are associated with an increased risk of developing solid tumors. We investigated the association of a single nucleotide variant (rs61764370), referred to as the KRAS-variant, that disrupts a let-7 microRNA binding site in the KRAS oncogene 1, and ovarian cancer risk. Methods: Specimens were obtained from non-selected ovarian cancer patients in three independent cohorts (n = 457) and two independent ovarian case-control studies. Specimens from ovarian cancer patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome (n = 58) and their family members were also collected. Findings: The KRAS-variant is found in greater than 29% of non-selected ovarian cancer cases and is a marker for a significant increased risk of developing ovarian cancer by case control analysis (OR = 2.46, CI = 1.14-5.29, p = .020, n = 201). This was validated in a second independent ovarian case-control (n = 630). The KRAS-variant was also identified in 60% of HBOC patients without BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (n = 25, p Interpretation: These findings support the hypothesis that the KRAS-variant is a genetic marker of an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, and suggests that the KRAS-variant may be a new biomarker of risk for HBOC families without other known genetic abnormalities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1856.
Estimation of Potential Savings Through Therapeutic Substitution

Importance Therapeutic substitution offers potential to decrease pharmaceutical expenditures and potentially improve the efficiency of the health care system. Objective To estimate potential savings through therapeutic substitution in terms of both overall and out-of-pocket expenditures of branded drugs when a generic in the same class with the same indication was available. Design, Setting, and Participants Repeated cross-sectional study using the 107 132 individuals included in the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2010-2012) along with their reported prescribed medicine use. The Orange Book, company financial statements, US Food and Drug Administration records, and published research were used for adjunctive information. Main Outcomes and Measures Estimated excess expenditure due to branded drug overuse when a lower-cost generic in the same class with the same indication was available. Results The study included 107 132 individuals between 2010 and 2012, of whom 62.1% (95% CI, 61.4%-62.8%) reported use of any prescribed medicine. A total of 31.5% (95% CI, 30.7%-32.2%) used a medication from an included drug class, whereas 16.6% (95% CI, 16.0%-17.1%) of the population used a branded drug from the included classes compared with 24.0% (95% CI, 23.4%-24.7%) who used a generic and 9.1% (95% CI, 8.7%-9.4%) who used both. In the included drug classes, the majority of the drugs were generics, with a total of 93.5 billion standardized doses compared with 47.4 billion standardized doses of branded drugs. Total expenditure of the branded drugs accounted for $147 (95% CI, $137-$156) billion compared with $62.7 (95% CI, $58.9-$66.5) billion for the generics. Between 2010 and 2012, an estimated $73.0 (95% CI, $67.6-$78.5) billion in total excess expenditure and $24.6 (95% CI, $22.6-$26.5) billion in out-of-pocket excess expenditure was attributable to branded drug overuse. The excess was present across numerous drug classes throughout many aspects of medicine and equates to 9.6% of total and 14.1% of out-of-pocket prescribed medicine expenses. The drug classes with the highest excess expenditure included statins ($10.9 [SE, $0.41] billion), atypical antipsychotics ($9.99 [SE, $1.03] billion), proton pump inhibitors ($6.12 [SE, $0.38] billion), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ($6.08 [SE, $0.49] billion), and angiotensin receptor blockers ($5.53 [SE, $0.35] billion). Conclusions and Relevance Although therapeutic substitution is controversial, it offers a potential mechanism to significantly decrease drug costs if it can be implemented in a way that does not negatively affect quality of care.
The observation and nursing of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of severe hand-foot-mouth disease

Objective To explore the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of severe hand-footmouth disease(HFMD) in children and its related nursing methods.Methods 116 children with severe HFMD were given intravenous immunoglobulin for enhancing immunity besides strengthening monitoring of vital signs,symptomatic treatment,intensifying disinfection and isolation and good cares of mind,skin and oral cavity.Results 112 out of 116 participants obtained definite efficacy after regular treatment,but 1 child gave up treatment,1 child was sent to intensive care unit(ICU) for treatment due to combination of pneumonedema,and the rest two cases were transferred to the superior hospital.Conclusion The key aspects like closely observing condition changes,actively cooperating with rescue,timely and accurately performing medical advice,considerate nursing,and proper disinfection and isolation are the key to improve the cure rate of critically ill patient.Human immunoglobulin can be effectively applied to treat severe HFMD.On the premise of timely rescue and appropriate nursing interventions,it can obtain a satisfying therapeutic effect.
Reciprocal Effects of Self-Regulation, Semantic Knowledge, and Reading Comprehension in Early Elementary School

Many assume that cognitive and linguistic processes, such as semantic knowledge (SK) and self-regulation (SR), subserve learned skills like reading. However, complex models of interacting and bootstrapping effects of SK, SR, instruction, and reading hypothesize reciprocal effects. Testing this "lattice" model with children (n = 852) followed from first to second grade (5.9-10.4 years of age) revealed reciprocal effects for reading and SR, and reading and SK, but not SR and SK. More effective literacy instruction reduced reading stability over time. Findings elucidate the synergistic and reciprocal effects of learning to read on other important linguistic, self-regulatory, and cognitive processes; the value of using complex models of development to inform intervention design; and how learned skills may influence development during middle childhood.
Adrenergic blockade attenuates endotoxin-induced hepatic glucose uptake.

The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the role of catecholamines in mediating the endotoxin-induced increase in glucose uptake of individual tissues. In vivo glucose utilization by selected tissues, assessed by the 2-deoxyglucose (2dGlc) tracer technique, was determined 3 hr following the i.v. injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 micrograms/100 g bw) or saline. Catecholamine action was inhibited by the combined administration of alpha and beta receptor antagonists, phentolamine and propranolol. Adrenergic antagonists alone did not change plasma glucose levels or the glucose metabolic rate (Rg) of the investigated tissues; however, adrenergic blockage resulted in mild hypoglycemia in endotoxemic animals. LPS administration increased in vivo Rg by the liver (571%), lung (229%), spleen (210%), intestine (76%), skin (82%), fat (181%), gastrocnemius muscle (70%), and kidney (61%). There was a significant elevation in the glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) by these tissues as well. LPS did not increase Rg by brain and testis. Adrenergic blockade completely prevented the LPS-induced Rg increase in the liver and partially inhibited the elevation in other tissues. The LPS-induced increase in the MCR in spleen, lung, intestine, skin, fat, muscle, and kidney was not altered by adrenergic blockade, indicating that the attenuated Rg in these tissues was the consequence of the decreased plasma glucose concentration observed under this condition. However, in the liver, adrenergic antagonists markedly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in both Rg and MCR. Thus our data indicate that the glucose metabolic response to LPS is partially mediated by catecholamines through the accompanying changes in plasma glucose concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of estrogen on serum and tissue levels of copper and zinc.

Estrogen along with progestogen is the most widely used form of contraceptive by women. Its use in any dose, form or route has been shown to increase serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels in humans and rats. However, its effect on plasma zinc levels is not established unequivocally. We demonstrated in female Long-Evans-Hooded rats that 4 weeks after implantation with 17 s-estradiol their serum copper and ceruloplasmin and brain copper levels increased while hepatic copper levels decreased significantly. Kidney copper levels increased transitorily after 2 weeks but not after 4 weeks. Zinc levels were affected only in the liver of these animals. It may be concluded that estrogen therapy depletes hepatic stores of these elements with abnormal accumulation of copper in the brain. Health implications of these changes need further investigation.
Does Resident Trauma Exposure Affect Advanced Trauma Operative Management Course Experience

The Advanced Trauma Operative Management (ATOM) course is a simulation course adopted by the American College of Surgeons to teach operative management of primarily penetrating, traumatic injuries. Although it is clear that overall operative trauma exposure is decreasing, the educational benefit of ATOM for residents with different amounts of trauma exposure remains unclear. Our aim was to determine whether residents from trauma centers experienced less benefit from the ATOM course when compared with residents from nontrauma centers. We compared two groups of residents who take ATOM through our institutional course, those from trauma centers and those from nontrauma centers. ATOM pre- and postcourse evaluations of knowledge and self-efficacy were collected from October 2007 to June 2013. Overall residents from three institutions, two trauma centers (100 residents) and one nontrauma center (34 residents), were included in the study. All resident groups had statistically significant improvement in knowledge and self-efficacy after taking the ATOM course (P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in improvement relative to each of the groups in the ATOM categories of knowledge and self-efficacy. Our data show that residents with different levels of trauma exposure had similar pre- and postcourse scores as well as improvement in the ATOM evaluations. As operative trauma continues to decrease the ATOM course shows benefit for all residents regardless of the depth of their clinical trauma exposure in surgical residency.
Aggregate Analysis of the Export Petition and Waiver Process: A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective

In an effort to harmonize the introduction of drugs onto the global market, many United States pharmaceutical companies have focused on the globalization of their drug development process and have, therefore, increased the number of clinical registration studies conducted outside of the United States. A key Food and Drug Administration requirement that must be addressed to support the conduct of these trials outside of the United States is that of the export waiver. To ascertain the efficiency of the current export petition and waiver process, export data from 1998 to 2001 were evaluated. The primary metrics included mean time to approval (days), range of approval days, number of export waiver requests, and export receiving countries. Linear regression was used to calculate the rate of approval time change and identify the qualitative trend with respect to this change. Using this approach, the rate of increase in approval time for export waivers was determined to be eight days per year. Therefore, over the past few years, there has been a steady increase in the number of days required to receive export waivers from the Food and Drug Administration.
FPGA-based rate-adaptive LDPC-coded modulation for the next generation of optical communication systems

In this paper, we propose a rate-adaptive FEC scheme based on LDPC codes together with its software reconfigurable unified FPGA architecture. By FPGA emulation, we demonstrate that the proposed class of rate-adaptive LDPC codes based on shortening with an overhead from 25% to 42.9% provides a coding gain ranging from 13.08 dB to 14.28 dB at a post-FEC BER of 10−15 for BPSK transmission. In addition, the proposed rate-adaptive LDPC coding combined with higher-order modulations have been demonstrated including QPSK, 8-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM, which covers a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, we apply the unequal error protection by employing different LDPC codes on different bits in 16-QAM and 64-QAM, which results in additional 0.5dB gain compared to conventional LDPC coded modulation with the same code rate of corresponding LDPC code.
Petroleum Refining and Selected Chemical Industries

Several important chemical industries, including petroleum refining, the synthetic rubber industry, the coke chemical industry, and the synthetic ammonia industry, are featured in common by largely unhoused plants and unenclosed units, by tall structures, and by great use of water and other liquids in their operations. They are all thus peculiarly susceptible to the elements of weather and climate. Each one of these industries was examined originally on a structure by structure basis with respect to the effect each element of weather and climate would have on the operations and functions of that particular portion of the plant. The results of that survey are summarized in the following report. However, the report is organized on a weather element basis, since such an organization not only fits into the general organization of the monograph of which it is a part, but also results in a considerable economy in presentation. Extremely high temperature, temperatures below 20F, heavy rainfall or snowfall within a brief period of time, constant high humidity, and winds of extraordinarily high speeds are the elements which most seriously handicap operations and for which the greatest adjustments must be made in this group of industries.
Transition due to streamwise streaks in a supersonic flat plate boundary layer

A possible bypass transition scenario in a Mach 3 flat plate boundary layer is proposed and investigated numerically.
Delayed cord clamping and inotrope use in preterm infants.

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the impact of delayed cord clamping (DCC) on need for inotropic support and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP).Methods: This is a single-center, prospective case-control study of premature infants, born <32 weeks gestation, who underwent DCC in comparison to a matched control group who underwent immediate cord clamping (ICC). The primary outcomes were the differences in MABP and inotropic medication used over the first week of life. Secondary outcomes included the admission hemoglobin, need for blood transfusion, and rates of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Infants were matched on EGA, birth weight, sex, antenatal corticosteroid and magnesium exposure, and presence of chorioamnionitis.Results: Hundred and fifty-eight infants (DCC n = 79, ICC n = 79) were included. Demographic factors were similar between groups. DCC infants had a higher admission hemoglobin (p < .01), reduced incidence of high-grade IVH (p = .03), fewer median transfusions (p = .03), and were discharged ...
Psychological distress, health and treatment-related factors among individuals initiating ART in Oromia, Ethiopia

HIV diagnosis may be a source of psychological distress. Late initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and treatment-related beliefs may intensify psychological distress among those recently diag...
Theory-based development of an implementation intervention to increase HPV vaccination in pediatric primary care practices

The national guideline for use of the vaccine targeting oncogenic strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an evidence-based practice that is poorly implemented in primary care. Recommendations include completion of the vaccine series before the 13th birthday for girls and boys, giving the first dose at the 11- to 12-year-old check-up visit, concurrent with other recommended vaccines. Interventions to increase implementation of this guideline have had little impact, and opportunities to prevent cancer continue to be missed. We used a theory-informed approach to develop a pragmatic intervention for use in primary care settings to increase implementation of the HPV vaccine guideline recommendation. Using a concurrent mixed methods design in 10 primary care practices, we applied the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to systematically investigate and characterize factors strongly influencing vaccine use. We then used the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to analyze provider behavior and identify behaviors to target for change and behavioral change strategies to include in the intervention. We identified facilitators and barriers to guideline use across the five CFIR domains: most distinguishing factors related to provider characteristics, their perception of the intervention, and their process to deliver the vaccine. Targeted behaviors were for the provider to recommend the HPV vaccine the same way and at the same time as the other adolescent vaccines, to answer parents’ questions with confidence, and to implement a vaccine delivery system. To this end, the intervention targeted improving provider’s capability (knowledge, communication skills) and motivation (action planning, belief about consequences, social influences) regarding implementing guideline recommendations, and increasing their opportunity to do so (vaccine delivery system). Behavior change strategies included providing information and communication skill training with graded tasks and modeling, feedback of coverage rates, goal setting, and social support. These strategies were combined in an implementation intervention to be delivered using practice facilitation, educational outreach visits, and cyclical small tests of change. Using CFIR, the BCW and the TDF facilitated the development of a pragmatic, multi-component implementation intervention to increase use of the HPV vaccine in the primary care setting.
American Indian Social Worker Advocates

It is contended that the social work profession could help America resolve its Indian problems, particularly the problems of the nonreservation Indian
E-mail's value: internal versus external usage

This chapter provides a new perspective on the competitive advantage of electronic mail within organizations. Essentially, e-mail assists individuals with efficiency and effectiveness. It improves the overall productivity of the firm and provides better coordination of internal processes. Electronic mail has been considered an important channel of communication. Since quality, time and cost are considered the main means of competition in today's global market, this study investigated the relationship between the strategic uses and competitive benefits of electronic mail in contemporary organizations. A sample of 99 management-level staff members in 41 companies responded to a questionnaire assessing their e-mail usage and their perceived e-mail benefits. The results suggested that e-mail usage could augment the competitive posture of the firm.
TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS DURING THE LAST CENTURY AT HIGH ELEVATION SITES

Differential temperature changes with altitude can shed light on the relative importance of natural versus anthropogenic climatic change. There has been heightened interest in this subject recently due to the finding that high-elevation tropical glaciers have been retreating and that significant melting from even the highest alpine regions has occurred in some areas during the past 20 years or so, as recorded in ice core records, which do not reveal any similar period during previous centuries to millennia.
The Ellipsoid Algorithm

The first polynomial-time linear programming algorithm, the Ellipsoid Algorithm was constructed by Soviet mathematicians, L. G. Khachiyan providing the final details in 1979. It is sometimes known as Khachiyan’s Algorithm to acknowledge Khachiyan’s contribution. The algorithm differs radically from the Simplex Algorithm, in that it almost completely ignores the combinatorial structure of linear programming
Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska

The Chickaloon Formation in south-central Alaska contains rich coal deposits dated very close to the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, immediately beneath which occur dispersed nodules of amber along with abundant remains of Metasequoia, dicots, and monocots. The nodules are small (less than 10 mm in length), nearly 10,000 of which were screened, yielding several inclusions of fungi and plant fragments, but mostly terrestrial arthropods: 29 specimens in 10 orders and 13 families. The fungi include resinicolous hyphae and a dark, multiseptate hyphomycete. Plants include wood/bark fragments and fibers, and the microphylls of a bryophyte (probably a moss, Musci). Among the arthropods are arachnids: mites (Acari: Oribatida), Pseudoscorpionida, and the bodies and a silken cocoon of spiders (Araneae). Insecta include Blattodea, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera (Heteroptera and Aphidoidea), Coleoptera (Dermestidae: Megatominae), Trichoptera, Diptera (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), and Hymenoptera (Formicidae: Formicinae). Nymphal aphids predominate (65% of the arthropod individuals), which were probably feeding on the source tree, likely Metasequoia. There is a bias in preservation toward small arthropods (mean body length 0.75 mm) that are surface-dwelling (nonwinged) stages and taxa. Chickaloon amber contains the most northerly fossil records of pseudoscorpions, thrips, Dermestidae, and Cenozoic ants and mites, so the deposit is contributing unique data on high-latitude paleodiversity of the Paleogene hothouse earth.
Insurance transitions and healthcare utilization for children with refractory epilepsy.

Abstract Objectives The objective of the study is to investigate the association between insurance transitions and healthcare utilization among children with refractory epilepsy. Methods We applied published algorithms to identify the study cohort of children with a diagnosis of refractory epilepsy who were treated between 10/1/2013 and 9/30/2014 at 36 children's hospitals in the United States. Insurance transition was defined as having any change in the type of primary payer from the first date of diagnosis to the date of the last visit at the same hospital. Univariate and multilevel multivariable analytical methods were used in the study. Results Among 3488 children hospitalized with refractory epilepsy, rates of insurance transitions at 1, 2, and 5 years of refractory epilepsy diagnosis were 8.1%, 14%, and 29.9%, respectively. Patients whose primary payer at diagnosis was Private or Others were more likely to experience insurance transitions than patients whose primary payer was Medicaid. Younger children were associated with a higher risk of insurance transitions than older children. The high intensity of insurance transitions was associated with a higher number of emergency department and inpatient visits. Conclusions Insurance transitions interrupted the continuity of medical care for children with refractory epilepsy and were associated with more frequent hospitalizations and emergency department visits, which then translated to higher healthcare costs. Medicaid provided stable insurance coverage and is critically important for these patients and should be the main focus for policies aiming to minimize insurance transitions and optimize healthcare delivery.
564. Higher “No Show” Rates Are Associated with Lower Rates of Retention in HIV Care and Viral Suppression

Background Retention in HIV care has become the keystone of effective HIV treatment, but with less than 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) engaged in care, a demand exists to better address patients’ needs and to decrease viral transmission. While we know that missed visits can lead to poor outcomes, the science behind “no show” events, and the relationship of “no shows” to patients falling out of care has not been defined.
REACT to Cyber-Physical Attacks on Power grids (Extended Abstract)

We study cyber attacks on power grids that affect both the physical infrastructure and the data at the control center? which therefore are cyber-physical in nature. In particular, we assume that an adversary attacks an area by: (i) remotely disconnecting some lines within the attacked area, and (ii) modifying the information received from the attacked area to mask the line failures and hide the attacked area from the control center. For the latter, we consider two types of attacks: (i) data distortion: which distorts the data by adding powerful noise to the actual data, and (ii) data replay: which replays a locally consistent old data instead of the actual data. We use the DC power flow model and prove that the problem of finding the set of line failures given the phase angles of the nodes outside of the attacked area is strongly NP-hard, even when the attacked area is known. However, we introduce the polynomial time REcurrent Attack Containment and deTection (REACT) Algorithm to approximately detect the attacked area and line failures after a cyber-physical attack.
Current Pattern of Use and Impact of Pringle Maneuver in Liver Resections in the United States.

Abstract Background Pringle maneuver (PM) is used for inflow vascular control during hepatectomy, but its use remains controversial. We aimed to report its pattern of use and association with postoperative outcomes. Methods We identified hepatectomy patients using the liver-targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2014-2016). Associations between PM and posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), receipt of blood transfusion, and total hospital length of stay (LOS) were evaluated. Results We identified 7870 patients (74.9%) with no Pringle maneuver and 2632 (25.1%) with PM. PM patients were older (median age 61 versus 60 y, P = 0.002) and had higher ASA scores (76.1% versus 71.4% were ASA 3-4, P Conclusions PM is associated with similar clinically significant PHLF and transfusion requirements but longer LOS compared with no Pringle maneuver.
Transverse force tomography

While twist-2 GPDs allow for a determination of the distribution of partons on the transverse plane, twist-3 GPDs contain quark-gluon correlations that provide information about the average transverse color Lorentz force acting on quarks. We demonstrate how twist-3 GPDs can be used to provide transverse position information about that force.
Safety of Care by Caregivers of Cancer Patients

Abstract Objectives To describe common areas of threats to patient safety and quality of care when caregivers provide care. Recommendations for caregivers to enable them to provide safe care are included. Data Sources Research-based articles and reports. Conclusion The literature is limited in discussion on home safety issues for caregivers. Non cancer-specific literature provides some direction for recommendations for nurses to guide caregivers. Implications for Nursing Practice The home environment is an unregulated and uncontrolled site, and the safety risks families take are unknown. Professionals should assess the caregiver's knowledge and ability when providing caregiving guidance to ensure the patient is receiving safe and quality care. Nurses need to stress the importance of providing safe quality care and provide education and community resources.
Freedom of Information Act and Federal Licensing Procedures: Invoking Exemption 7(F) to Protect Examination Materials

The United States Supreme Court’s 2011 decision in Milner v. Department of the Navy shut the door on an expansive interpretation of one of the nine enumerated exemptions to the public disclosure requirements mandated under the Freedom of Information Act. No longer can federal agencies seek cover behind the judicially crafted interpretation of Exemption 2 known as the “High 2” that permitted agencies to withhold documents from the public eye solely because disclosure of the information contained therein could risk circumvention of an individual agency’s regulations or statutes. However, Justice Alito’s concurring opinion in Milner hinted at the Court’s possible acceptance of an alternative option available to federal agencies that previously employed the High 2 to rebuff public requests for information. This Note focuses on federal agencies involved in the licensing and certification of individuals in public safetysensitive positions—principally the U.S. Coast Guard and the Federal Aviation Administration—that prior to Milner either actively used or could have used the High 2 exemption to protect information relating to examination questions and answers used to evaluate license and certificate applicants’ competencies. This Note first examines the rise of the High 2 interpretation through the circuit courts, its application by federal agencies, and the Supreme Court decision sounding the High 2’s death knell. This Note then argues that courts should embrace an interpretation of another Freedom of Information Act exemption, Exemption 7(F), to permit federal agencies involved in the licensing and certification of individuals in public safety-sensitive positions to withhold information relating to examination questions and answers. INTRODUCTION 1404 I. AGENCY DRIVE FOR THE PROTECTION OF EXAMINATION Q&AS 1409 A. Rote Learning and the Impact on Public Safety 1409 * J.D., May 2014, University of Florida Levin College of Law. I would like to sincerely thank all of my colleagues on the Florida Law Review, including those who dedicated their time to assisting me with this Note. I would also like to specifically thank our Editor in Chief Clark Splichal for his dedication to the Review over the past year. 1 Gruss: Freedom of Information Act and Federal Licensing Procedures: Invo Published by UF Law Scholarship Repository, 2015 1404 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 66 B. The Federal Aviation Administration as a Mixed-Function Licensing Agency Case Study 1410 II. OPERATING IN THE CONTEXT OF FOIA’S WATCHFUL EYE 1413 A. FOIA and the Presupposition of Disclosure 1414 B. Rise of the High 2 Exemption 1415 C. The High 2 Exemption’s Subsequent Fall 1417 D. Refinement of Exemption 7 1420 III. APPLICATION OF EXEMPTION 7(F) 1422 A. Exemption 7(F)’s First Prong and Mixed-Function Agencies 1423 1. The Law Enforcement Hurdle 1423 2. Meeting the Compiled Information Mandate 1425 B. Exemption 7(F)’s Second Prong and Mixed-Function Agencies 1426 CONCLUSION 1428
Paying for Medicaid - State Budgets and the Case for Expansion in the Time of Coronavirus.

Paying for Medicaid In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, expanding Medicaid would rapidly bring needed resources into the health care system and infuse federal dollars into state economies. It req...
Experimental apparatus and methodology to test and quantify thermal performance of micro and macro-encapsulated phase change materials in building envelope applications

Abstract Thermal energy storage (TES) is used as a viable technology to shift peak electricity demand caused by the space cooling requirements in buildings. Passive TES is implemented in building envelope via micro and macroencapsulation methods. This study describes the use of a state-of-the-art laboratory to test different PCM inclusions in simplified building walls. A microencapsulated PCM and two macroencapsulated PCMs are tested in a controlled environment to gather data for validation purposes of PCM modelling algorithms in building energy modelling programs. Data indicates that the chamber environment and the heating and cooling system can conduct full-cycle tests of wall panels with PCM inclusions. This study also generates data from parallel tests on 4 wall panels which can be used in building energy modelling programs to validate the PCM modelling algorithms. The cyclic tests also capture the thermal effects of PCMs and complex PCM behaviors like sub-cooling in PCM hydrate-salts.
Automatic Damage Detection on Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Arrays

Homeowners may spend up to ~$375 to diagnose their damaged rooftop solar PV systems. Thus, recently, there is a rising interest to inspect potential damage on solar PV arrays automatically and passively. Unfortunately, current approaches may not reliably distinguish solar PV array damage from other degradation (e.g., shading, dust, snow). To address this issue, we design a new system---SolarDiagnostics that can automatically detect and profile damages on rooftop solar PV arrays using their rooftop images with a lower cost. We evaluate SolarDiagnostics by building a lower cost (~$35) prototype and using 60,000 damaged solar PV array images. We find that pre-trained SolarDiagnostics is able to detect damaged solar PV arrays with a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.95.