cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in HIV-infected persons treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy

Abstract Objective Highly active antiretroviral therapy has been implicated in the development of metabolic toxicities, including insulin resistance. Because it is “clinically silent,” insulin resistance is often undetected, thus precluding the initiation of treatments that may prevent progression to frank diabetes. Previous studies have documented associations between dyslipidemic profiles and insulin resistance in patients who do not have the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, we explored whether serum lipids, parameters that are routinely measured in patients who have HIV or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, could be used to facilitate the identification of insulin resistance in patients infected with HIV. Methods Thirty-three adult patients who had clinically stable HIV infection and treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy fasted overnight and underwent phlebotomy to measure the following parameters: insulin levels, blood glucose, triacylglycerols, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. Results Of the 33 participants, 15 had dyslipidemia, defined according to Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria, and 18 did not have dyslipidemia. The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to mean fasting insulin levels ( P = 0.68). Only two participants had insulin levels that were higher than the laboratory reference range. No significant correlations were found between fasting insulin levels and any lipid parameters. Conclusions Serum lipids are not predictive of fasting insulin levels in adult patients who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. The findings are limited by the low prevalence of insulin resistance in the study sample and the small sample size.
Chemistry of polydentate thiolate-amine complexes of molybdenum with organosubstituted hydrazines. Synthesis and structural characterization of the six-coordinate Bis-phenyldiazenido Complex, [Mo(N2C6H5)2{(SCH2CH2)2NCH2CH2-N(CH3)2}], and of the Five-coordinate Hydrazido(2—) complex, [MoO(NNMePh){(SCH2CH2)2NCH2-CH2N(CH3)2}]

[Mo(NNPh) 2 L] cristallise dans le systeme orthorhombique, groupe d'espace P2 1 2 1 2 1 et sa structure est affinee jusqu'a R=0,063. [MoO(NNPh) 2 L] cristallise dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe d'espace P2 1/c avec R=0,053
Toxicity of metal ions to alveolar macrophages

Significant concentrations of metals are found in the respirable particulate effluents associated with metallurgical smelters. In this investigation the effects of the metallic ions lead, cadmium, iron, mercury, aluminum, chromium, and nickel on various aspects of alveolar macrophage function were studied. The production of antibacterial substances (ie, reactive forms of oxygen) by these cells and oxygen consumption are very sensitive to the metals. Particle uptake displays moderate sensitivity, while lysosomal enzyme activity and membrane integrity are fairly resistant to metals. In addition, the effects of the organic solvents carbon tetrachloride, toluene, and xylene on alveolar macrophage function were tested. These solvents were found to inhibit oxygen consumption and the release of antibacterial substances while not greatly affecting membrane integrity. The results of these experiments indicate that some metals and some organic substances are toxic to alveolar macrophage function.
Evidence that 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one is the metabolite responsible for anesthesia induced by 5α-pregnanedione in the mouse

Mice were anesthetized with [3H]5 alpha-pregnanedione (5 alpha). Brain levels for 5 alpha and its metabolites were quantitated and compared at time points following injection and at two behavioral endpoints that are characteristic of the anesthetized state. The results support the hypothesis that 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (3 alpha), a metabolite of 5 alpha, mediates this anesthetic response, and they weigh against the hypothesis that 5 alpha itself is solely responsible for activity. Anesthesia occurred at 3-8 min following injection. During this period, levels of 3 alpha derived from 5 alpha were comparable to those seen when 3 alpha was administered alone. It is estimated that 5 alpha, if active at all, is at least 3-5 times less potent than 3 alpha.
A theory of nonmonotonic inheritance based on annotated logic

Abstract We propose a logical language for representing networks with nonmonotonic multiple inheritance. The language is based on a variant of annotated logic studied in [5, 6, 17–21]. The use of annotated logic provides a rich setting that allows to disambiguate networks whose topology does not provide enough information to decide how properties are to be inherited. The proposed formalism handles inheritance via strict as well as defeasible links. We provide a formal account of the language, describe its semantics, and show how a unique intended model can be associated with every inheritance specification written in the language. Finally, we present an algorithm that correctly propagates inherited properties according to the given semantics. The algorithm is also complete in the sense that it computes the set of all properties that must be inherited by any given individual object, and then terminates.
Diet-induced type IV-like hyperlipidemia and increased body weight are associated with cholesterol gallstones in hamsters.

Male Syrian hamsters (60–70 g) were fed purified diets containing 5% fat (American Fat Blend) and 15% fiber with or without 0.3% cholesterol (0.86 mg/kcal), for 12 weeks. Hamsters fed the cholesterol-supplemented challenge diet revealed a major increase in plasma triglyceride between 9 and 12 weeks, whereas plasma cholesterol (which reflected body weight dynamics) increased three-fold up to nine weeks and plateaued (342±22vs. 122±5 mg/dL). The greatest increases in cholesterol occurred in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL2) fractions. Gallstone incidence was similar (69%vs. 78%) for cholesterol-supplementedvs. control hamsters, but the type of stones differed. Of the cholesterol-supplemented hamsters with gallstones, 45% had cholesterol stones and 55% had pigment stones. Only pigment stones were seen in control hamsters. Hamsters with cholesterol stones were 25% heavier and transported most cholesterol in VLDL (33±5%), approximately double that in VLDL of cholesterol-supplemented hamsters with no stones (19±3%) or cholesterol-supplemented hamsters with pigment stones (21±3%). Hamsters with pigment stones or no stones (regardless of diet fed) transported the majority of their cholesterol in HDL2 (44%), whereas this figure was only 27% in hamsters that developed cholesterol stones. Thus pigment stones develop routinely in hamsters fed casein-based purified diets. Adding dietary cholesterol resulted in cholesterol gallstones only in those hamsters that gained the most weight and whose terminal VLDL/HDL cholesterol ratio exceeded 1.0, not unlike the lipoprotein profile of obese humans who develop cholesterol gallstones.
A Single Tyrosine Residue in the Amyloid Precursor Protein Intracellular Domain Is Essential for Developmental Function

The Aβ-precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain is highly conserved and contains many potentially important residues, in particular the 682YENPTY687 motif. To dissect the functions of this sequence in vivo, we created an APP knock-in allele mutating Tyr682 to Gly (Y682G). Crossing this allele to APP-like protein 2 (APLP2) knock-out background showed that mutation of Tyr682 results in postnatal lethality and neuromuscular synapse defects similar to doubly deficient APP/APLP2 mice. Our results demonstrate that a single residue in the APP intracellular region, Tyr682, is indispensable for the essential function of APP in developmental regulation.
Predicting turning points in the housing market

Abstract We identify leading indicators of changes in the housing market and compare their performance in predicting turning points. Being able to predict turning points is of importance to the home building industry, homeowners, and makers of housing policy. Our leading indicators include the Wells Fargo/NAHB Housing Market Index, two of its forward looking components, and an index of consumer sentiment regarding purchasing a home. Our comparison tests include Granger causality and a Bayesian predictor of the probability of a turning point. We find that the measure of consumer sentiment performs relatively well compared to the HMI in predicting home permits, housing starts, and new home sales.
A remote irrigation monitoring and control system (RIMCS) for continuous move systems. Part B: field testing and results

Precision irrigation systems can have inherent errors that affect the accuracy of variable water application rates controllers, as well as affect the controllers’ performance when evaluated on different continuous move irrigation systems configurations. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a remote irrigation monitoring and control system (RIMCS) installed on two separate linear move (LM) irrigation systems. The RIMCS varies water application rates by pulsing nozzles controlled by solenoids connected via relays to a single board computer (SBC) with wireless Ethernet connection to a remote server. The system also monitors irrigation system flow, pressure, position and wireless field sensor networks. The system was installed on a LM irrigation system in Prosser, Washington, USA and on a LM in the Nesson Valley of North Dakota, USA. For the LM at Prosser, four pre-defined irrigation patterns were imposed and variable rates were applied as a percentage of the nozzle base application rate. Each nozzle was pulsed across the span length and along the LM travel direction. For the LM at the Nesson Valley, a quadratic pattern was imposed pulsing banks of nozzles along the LM travel direction. Standard catch can tests were performed and the system performance was evaluated by comparing measured catch can water depths with pre-determined target values. The RIMCS accuracy was found to be in the range of the LM uniform water depth application uniformity coefficients of 88–96%. The RIMCS was successfully transferred to another LM in North Dakota as indicated by the relatively low variable rate application errors of –8.8 ± 8.1% and −0.14 ± 6.7% for the two spans.
Electrical stimulation of RNA and protein synthesis in the frog erythrocyte.

Abstract Mature nucleated amphibian erythrocytes can be stimulated to undergo morphological changes resembling de-differentiation when exposed to small amounts of electric current. Puromycin and cyclohexamide will inhibit these morphological changes, and cytochemical staining indicates that RNA synthesis begins in concert with the changes in morphology. Autoradiographic studies show that the erythrocytes exposed to electric current synthesize RNA and protein whereas the erythrocytes not exposed to current do not make appreciable amounts of macromolecules. Electrophoretic separation of proteins from stimulated cells exhibit a band pattern different from that of unstimulated erythrocytes, and scintillation counting shows that some of the new proteins have been synthesized after electrical stimulation.
Phorbol ester-associated changes in ganglioside metabolism

The effect of phorbol esters on ganglioside metabolism in contact-inhibited Chinese hamster V79 cells was examined. Three phorbol esters of varying structure and tumor-promoting activity were used. Treatment of cells with tumor-promoting phorbol esters resulted in accumulation of gangliosides and increased incorporation of [1-14C]palmitate and [9-3H]sialic acid into gangliosides. Moreover, the phorbol esters were found to increase the activity of CMP-sialic acid: lactosylceramide sialyltransferase, the enzyme catalysing the first step in ganglioside biosynthesis. The magnitude of phorbol ester effects on V79 cell ganglioside metabolism correlated with the in vivo phorbol ester tumor-promoting activity.
Effect of proteases and protease inhibitors on adenylate cyclase activity in rat cerebral cortical membranes.

Abstract Mild proteolysis of membrane preparations from rat cerebral cortex with low concentrations of endopeptidases such as trypsin or chymotrypsin caused a 50–400% increase in the basal adenylate cyclase activity. Maximal activation of adenylate cyclase was obtained by including the protease in the adenylate cyclase assay, although an activated preparation could be obtained by pretreatment of the membranes with proteolytic enzymes. The proteolytically activated enzyme showed an increased V, with very little change in the Km for the substrate, ATP. The proteolytically activated enzyme retained responsiveness to activation by sodium fluoride and 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate (GppNHp), but was no longer activated by gangliosides or calcium-dependent activator protein. Activation by alcohols and detergent was lost or reduced in magnitude. The activity of adenylate cyclase after protease treatment showed a very marked temperature dependence, with maximal activity expressed in the 30–40 °C range and no activation due to the prior protease treatment expressed at either 10 or 50 °C. Basal adenylate cyclase activity was usually slightly inhibited in the presence of various protease inhibitors. Activation by fluoride, gangliosides, or GppNHp was little affected by protease inhibitors although one inhibitor, N-α-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone, caused an inhibition of the ganglioside and GppNHp responses, slightly inhibited the fluoride response, and blocked the norepinephrine response normally seen in the presence of gangliosides or GppNHp. This inhibitor caused a loss of β-adrenergic binding sites for dihydroalprenolol in rat cortical membranes which paralleled the loss of the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to a GppNHp-norepinephrine combination.
An examination of routeing flexibility for small batch assembly of printed circuit boards

SUMMARY In this paper, we examine and quantify the effects of introducing new processing flexibility in the rapidly changing environment of printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. Specifically, we perform experiments designed to establish the benefits and determine the limitations associated with the introduction of routeing flexibility. We examine system behaviour as batch sizes are reduced in an environment characterized by moderate set-up requirements. We further demonstrate that the performance of flexible routeing policies in this environment is adversely affected by larger batch sizes and that the introduction of routeing flexibility leads to improved system performance in small batch assembly.
The use of immobilized ferrite to enhance the depth selectivity of in vivo surface coil NMR spectroscopy

Ferrite particles immobilized on a flexible support and arranged in a specific pattern will produce localized gradients in the homogeneous B0 magnetic field. The screening gradients are strong enough to cause inhomogeneous broadening of the NMR signals arising from the region of a specimen which is adjacent to the ferrite particles. This technique allows improvement of the depth selectivity in non-invasive surface coil NMR spectroscopy while optimizing both the signal-to-noise ratio and the data acquisition time of in vivo NMR experiments. The ferrite screen method also facilitates the routine application of high resolution NMR pulse sequences to in vivo experiments. The technique is readily implemented without special hardware or software and displays a great versatility in the size, shape and depth of the screening effect.
Estimating symbol error rate vs. carrier to noise in IQ modulated systems based on digitization of constellation and statistical models

Methods used to characterize the degradation of symbol error rate (SER) vs. carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) performance of several different components of systems that broadcast digital video signals are presented. The techniques are based on repetitively sampling and then digitizing the IQ constellation at baseband. Mathematically different levels of noise calculated relative to the carrier are added to the digitized constellation. Examination of the resulting distributions of noise versus error thresholds allows the estimation of SER vs. C/N in the absence of any error correction in the receiver. The effects of IF bandwidth and transmit and receive filters are also taken into account. The estimated SER vs. C/N can be plotted and compared to the theoretical SER vs. C/N for the modulation format, IF bandwidth, and transmit and receive filters in the system under test. >
Editorial: The Year 1991 in Review

This PDF file contains the editorial “Editorial: The Year 1991 in Review” for OE Vol. 31 Issue 02
Tutorial on congestion prediction

With the increasing sophistication of circuits and specifically in the presence of IP blocks, new estimation methods are needed in the design flow of large-scale circuits. Up to now, a number of post-placement congestion estimation techniques in the presence of IP blocks have been presented. In this paper we present a unified approach for predicting wirelength, congestion and delay parameters early in the design flow. We also propose a methodology to integrate these prediction methods into the placement framework to handle the large complexity of the designs.
Female Fertility: What Every Urologist Must Understand

This article provides an overview of the evaluation and treatment of female factor infertility. It reviews the physiology of female reproduction and subsequently discusses pertinent findings in the evaluation and treatment of female infertility that are relevant to a urologist treating the male partner. Finally, it provides an overview of current treatment modalities.
2D large aperture ultrasound phased arrays for hyperthermia cancer therapy: design, fabrication and experimental results

Ultrasound has proven to be an effective modality for inducing hyperthermia for cancer therapy because of the spatial control of the SAR that may be achieved. The use of phased-array ultrasound applicators provides additional benefits because the ultrasound field may be changed rapidly (at electronic speeds) and may be used to focus the field at several locations simultaneously. To obtain these qualities, large apertures with element counts exceeding several hundred are needed. However, with the increase in the number of elements, both the control and fabrication process involve greater complexity. Therefore the construction of phased array systems, especially those using geometric focusing to increase intensity gain, has proven technically difficult. In order to avoid complex machining and mounting procedures, a modular approach to array construction has been developed. To test this approach, phased arrays with 192 and 512 elements have been designed, fabricated and characterized in the authors' laboratory. These arrays are composed of flat panels arranged to approximate a spherically shaped aperture. Experimental acoustic measurements for both arrays are presented and compared with computer simulations, showing good agreement. In addition, experimental results using these arrays, in conjunction with a control algorithm developed in the authors' lab, to induce and maintain hyperthermia in in vivo canine thigh muscle are presented. These results demonstrate the flexibility of such applicators, and the control which they can achieve over the SAR field.
The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) in physical geography

Of particular importance to the study of large-scale phenomena in physical geography is the modifi able areal unit problem (MAUP). While often viewed as only a problem in human geography (particularly demographic studies), the MAUP is an issue for all quantitative studies in geography of spatial phenomena (Openshaw and Taylor, 1979). Increasingly, remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are being used to assess the distribution of phenomena from a large scale. These phenomena are modelled using areal units that can take any shape or size resulting in complications with statistical analysis related to both the scale and method used to create the areal units. In this paper, we defi ne the modifi able areal unit problem, present examples of when it is a problem in physical geography studies, and review some potential solutions to the problem. Our aim is to increase awareness of this complicated issue and to promote further discussion and interest in this topic.
Monte Carlo simulation for reliability analysis of emergency and standby power systems

This paper describes a sequential Monte Carlo simulation method for the reliability analysis of standby and emergency power systems. The results obtained from this method are compared with those from the Markov cut-set approach. It is shown that the Monte Carlo simulation can yield additional useful information on the probability distribution of indices in addition to obtaining the estimates of the mean values.
Effect of dietary stress on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in calves

Two groups of calves were subjected to dietary stress by withholding of food beginning 1 or 14 days after inoculation with 1010 CFU of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Following treatment, neither group had a significant increase in fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. A third group of calves had food withheld for 48 h prior to inoculation with 107 CFU of E. coli O157:H7. These calves were more susceptible to infection and shed significantly more E. coli O157:H7 organisms than calves maintained on a normal diet.
8F-6 Inexpensive Acoustoelectric Hydrophone For Measuring High Intensity Ultrasound Fields

We describe an inexpensive alternative to conventional hydrophones used to map an ultrasonic beam pattern. Instead of relying on piezo materials to detect pressure, these hydrophones depend on a bias current flowing through a conductive material. According to the well-described acoustoelectric (AE) effect, as a pressure wave interacts with a current field, a voltage is generated. We exploit this principal to design and test a variety of disposable hydrophones composed of common laboratory supplies. Designs varied primarily by the shape and material of their conductive layer, such as graphite or saline gel. The hydrophone was used to map the beam pattern of a 540-khz annular transducer and compared with a conventional fiber optic hydrophone. The detected AE signal was amplified, high-pass filtered and captured using a fast 12-bit acquisition board. The hydrophone in the form of a bowtie and composed of a thin layer of graphite on a paper substrate accurately reproduced the beam pattern and spectrum of the ultrasound transducer with decent sensitivity less than 50 kPa. The detected AE signal at 2 MPa was proportional to the applied bias current (2.90 muV/mA). The axial and lateral resolutions (5.2 and 4.1 mm, respectively) were both within 200 mum of the values obtained from a less sensitive fiber optic hydrophone. The disposable AE hydrophone may be an attractive alternative for clinical applications that require close monitoring of high intensity acoustic fields.
A Probabilistic Search Method for Optimal Resource Deployment in a Microgrid

The benefits of distributed energy resources (DERs) can be exploited by developing cost efficient deployment strategies. System planning based on stipulated reliability criteria leads to robust architectures which can meet the consumers' requirements. This paper presents a method for determining siting, sizing and optimal mix of resources from the available types of DER in a microgrid. The method recognizes the impact of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) to meet the thermal load. The paper presents a dynamic programming formulation and demonstrates its application on a six bus test system.
Frequency dependent response of cardio-vascular system to foot based vibration while in the seated position

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency dependent response of heart rate variability (HRV) to mechanical vibration, applied at the feet with the subject in the seated position. Ten female volunteers in the age group of 22 to 70 were exposed to the vibration stimulus at each of 6 different frequencies (0, 15, 22, 44, 60, 88 Hz, 0.2g) for 20 minutes, with only one frequency per day being tested. Tests were carried out in a randomized manner for 6 weeks and blood pressure and continuous heart rate were recorded. Frequency analysis by FFT was used to evaluate HRV. Initial results suggest that both blood pressure and HRV can be affected by vibration at frequencies of 40 Hz and above.
Evaluating students' science notebooks as an assessment tool

The idea of using science notebooks as a classroom assessment tool is not new. There is general agreement that science notebooks allow teachers to assess students' conceptual and procedural understanding and to provide the feedback students need for improving their performance. In this study we examined the use of science notebooks as an unobtrusive assessment tool that can also be used by individuals outside the classroom (for example, school district personnel), and as a means for obtaining information about students' learning and their opportunities to learn. More specifically, in this study students' science notebooks were used as a source of data about the (a) implementation of a curriculum's intended activities, (b) students' performance, and (c) quality of teachers' feedback. Our results indicated that: (1) Students' science notebooks can be reliably scored. Unit implementation, student performance, and teacher feedback scores were highly consistent across raters and units. (2) High and positive co...
Hypoglycemia and Seizures in Large Full-Term Neonates

The risk of hypoglycemia-associated seizures in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) full-term neonates was assessed by analysis of data from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry at Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht.
SUPEROVULATION AND SUPERPREGNANCY IN THE GOLDEN HAMSTER

Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) treatment given in the morning or afternoon on any day of the four-day estrous cycle and human chorionic gonado tropin (HCG) given two days later successfully induced superovulation in the golden hamster. The minimum interval between PMSG and HCG necessary to obtain consistent superovulation was approximately 44 hr. The lowest ovulation rate was obtained following PMSG treatment on the afternoon of day 4 despite the fact that this time coincides with the maximum endogenous FSH level, necessary for the maturation of the next crop of follicles destined to ovulate. Thirty-eight to one-hundred percent of superovulated females in four different treatment groups became superpregnant after natural mating. Some treated females exhibited two consecutive nights of estrus with ovulation apparently occurring during the second night. Superpregnant females delivered “super” size litters, up to 27 live-born pups. The ultimate litter size appeared to be established after day 3 and prior to day 8 of superpregnancy. A one-day extension of the normal 16-day gestation period was observed in 31% of superpregnancies. Unilateral pregnancies were observed at autopsy in 44% of treated females which received the high dose of PMSG (30 IU). The progeny of superovulated females reproduced normally at maturity. The results indicate that ova from superovulated female hamsters are capable of full normal development.
AGE RATIOS AS ESTIMATORS OF PRODUCTIVITY: TESTING ASSUMPTIONS ON A THREATENED SEABIRD, THE MARBLED MURRELET (BRACHYRAMPHUS MARMORATUS)

Abstract The ratio of hatch-year (HY) to after-hatch-year (AHY) individuals (HY:AHY ratio) can be a valuable metric for estimating avian productivity because it does not require monitoring individual breeding sites and can often be estimated across large geographic and temporal scales. However, rigorous estimation of age ratios requires that both young and adult age classes are sampled in an unbiased manner, an assumption that is rarely tested. We estimated HY:AHY ratios for Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, using at-sea surveys and captures to assess whether age-specific differences in behavior and distribution result in biased productivity estimates in central California. AHY and HY Marbled Murrelets were distributed similarly at sea, and HY individuals did not congregate in nursery areas. Moreover, dispersal by radiomarked AHY Marbled Murrelets out of our survey area occurred at a low rate, and AHY densities were constant over the survey period, which suggests that AHY...
Higher-Order and Non-Autonomous Systems

This chapter characterizes the evolution of a vector of state variables in higher-order systems as well as non-autonomous systems. It establishes the solution method for these higher-order and non-autonomous systems and, it analyzes the factors that determine the qualitative properties of these discrete dynamical systems in the linear and subsequently the nonlinear case.
New media, old messages: themes in the history of vaccine hesitancy and refusal.

Past and current trends in vaccine refusal indicate that the medical establishment's habit of responding defensively to allegations that vaccines are unsafe may be ineffective. A superior strategy for advocates of vaccines may be to use the current media and information environment to refocus attention to vaccines' effectiveness and necessity.
Automatically Detecting a Student's Preparation for Future Learning: Help Use is Key

We present an automated detector that can predict a student’s later performance on a paper test of preparation for future learning, a post-test involving learning new material to solve problems involving skills that are related but different than the skills studied in the tutoring system. This automated detector operates on features of student learning and behavior within a Cognitive Tutor for College Genetics. We show that this detector predicts preparation for future learning better than Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, a widely-used measure of student learning in Cognitive Tutors. We also find that this detector only needs limited amounts of student data (the first 20% of a student’s data from a tutor lesson) in order to achieve a substantial proportion of its asymptotic predictive power.
Architectural-based interpretations of breast MR imaging.

SUMMARY Certain MR imaging architectural features reliably suggest malignancy, and others reliably suggest benign entities. Spiculated or irregular borders in a focal mass, peripheral rim enhancement of a focal mass, and linear or branching ductal enhancement are highly predictive of malignancy. In contrast, lack of an MR imaging-visible lesion that corresponds to the palpable or mammographically visible presenting abnormality; smooth borders and lobulated borders in a focal mass, particularly when the lobulated borders are seen in association with nonenhancing internal septations; and lack of focal mass enhancement or low T2 signal are highly predictive of benign entities. Breast histopathologies commonly present with features predictable by their benign or malignant status, and breast MR imaging interpretation models can help group the variety of individual breast MR imaging features into feature combinations that distinguish benign and malignant histopathologies even more reliably than the individual features alone.
SBS phase-conjugation fidelity of high energy laser pulses

The use of phase-conjugate mirrors is of particular importance for high energy, high average power laser systems. Although it has been proposed that SBS phase conjugators can be scaled to very high peak powers using two stage amplifier-generator designs,1 when possible it is desirable to employ a single-cell simple focused conjugator geometry operated many times above threshold from the standpoint of achieving high reflectivity as well as design simplicity. Even for the two-cell design, it is advantageous to operate the focused generator cell high above threshold for optimal reversal of the high-frequency spatial content of the beam wavefront. However, it has been recently suggested that the return from a single cell SBS phase conjugator will inherently exhibit large shot-to-shot phase fluctuations for input energies that exceed the SBS threshold by only three to four times.2 We have found that these random fluctuations are not fundamental to the conjugation process but are related to the slope of the leading edge of the laser pulse and can be suppressed by proper tailoring of the input pulse shape.
Protecting Youth’s Relationships with Deployed Parents

In the United States, unprecedented levels of extended and multiple deployments of active duty troops and a staggering reliance on Reserve and National Guard troops mobilization have taken servicemembers away from their homes and straight into combat zones. This has resulted in deployed parents often fighting wars on two fronts: one for their country and another for custody of their children they lose because of their service. Research on the impact of military life and deployment on military children is key to understanding just what is in the best interest of servicemembers’ children and how their constitutional rights can best be protected. This chapter suggests that family law courts tasked with determination or modification of child custody and visitation involving servicemember parents should strike a balance between (1) providing constitutional rights, legislative protections, and expected benefits to servicemembers’ country and (2) the best interest of their children and their own constitutional rights. This chapter begins by providing a summary of the current laws, regulations, policies, relevant case law, and legal responses and methodologies governing the domain of military and child custody. It then details the social science understandings of military children by looking at the impact of military life and deployment on children through a best interest of the child-like lens. This chapter concludes with reform proposals and general recommendations to increase legal protections in the child custody and visitations for servicemembers and their children.
The Future of Transaortic Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

The most common approach for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains access through the femoral artery (transfemoral [TF]). However, in those patients with severe peripheral vascular disease, the most common techniques for alternative access include transapical (TA) and transaortic (
Stages of Sexual Grooming: Recognizing Potentially Predatory Behaviors of Child Molesters

It has been proposed that sexual grooming behaviors of child molesters are not easily identified prior to the abuse. The present study investigated whether participants could recognize grooming beh...
American-British Sporting Rivalries and the Making of the Global Sports Industry

This article examines a key aspect of American sports history within a transnational context. Whilst the internal histories of American sport are exceedingly rich and voluminous, our general unders...
The Supreme Court and the Judicial Genre

This paper exploits a relatively new approach to quantitative text analysis — topic modeling — to examine the subject matter of Supreme Court decisions, and in particular to analyze how the semantic content produced by the Court differs from the published decisions of the U.S. Appellate Courts. To conduct this analysis, we fit a topic model to the joint corpus of decisions (Supreme Court plus Appellate Court). The topic model enables a quantitative measurement of differences in semantic content between three corpora: the Supreme Court decisions, the Appellate Court decisions, and Appellate Court cases selected for review. We develop new methods to estimate these differences over time. We reach two findings. First, the Supreme Court has become substantially more semantically idiosyncratic in recent decades, as measured by the use of the topic distribution within a decision as a predictor of the authoring court. We then examine potential causes of this trend, isolating the use of the Court’s case selection power. We find that the topic model based measure of semantic difference between the cases selected for review by the Court does not appear to be increasing over time, indicating instead that the Court has become more distinctive in how it discusses a similarly distinct pool of cases. Normative implications and avenues for future research are discussed. This work demonstrates the utility of topic modeling as a valuable supplement to and/or replacement of hand-coded labels in the study of hierarchically arranged judiciaries. While this case study focuses on the U. S. Courts, extensions and broadening to other national and international judicial corpora can be readily accomplished. More generally, this work opens the door for broader application of topic models within empirical legal studies and related disciplines to study the rich textual corpora generated by legal institutions.
Multi-pass Lot Scheduling Algorithm for Maximizing Throughput at Semiconductor Final Test Facilities

Abstract This research proposes a multi-pass oriented scheduling heuristic algorithm to determine the test schedules, machine setups, and job assignments for multi-pass lots at a semiconductor final test facility with an objective of maximizing the lot throughput. The proposed algorithm dispatches a group of selected lots and all their passes at a time. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using the subset data from industry. The results indicate that the proposed heuristic can improve the rate of weekly lot throughput by 9.46% and 7.76% on average compared to the results obtained from the single-pass oriented and the genetic algorithm, respectively.
A completely biological “off-the-shelf” arteriovenous graft that recellularizes in baboons

Prosthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) conventionally used for hemodialysis are associated with inferior primary patency rates and increased risk of infection compared with autogenous vein grafts. We tissue-engineered an AVG grown from neonatal human dermal fibroblasts entrapped in bovine fibrin gel that is then decellularized. This graft is both “off-the-shelf” (nonliving) and completely biological. Grafts that are 6 mm in diameter and about 15 cm in length were evaluated in a baboon model of hemodialysis access in an axillary-cephalic or axillary-brachial upper arm AVG construction procedure. Daily antiplatelet therapy was given. Grafts underwent both ultrasound assessment and cannulation at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months and were then explanted for analysis. Excluding grafts with cephalic vein outflow that rapidly clotted during development of the model, 3- and 6-month primary patency rates were 83% (5 of 6) and 60% (3 of 5), respectively. At explant, patent grafts were found to be extensively recellularized (including smoothelin-positive smooth muscle cells with a developing endothelium on the luminal surface). We observed no calcifications, loss of burst strength, or outflow stenosis, which are common failure modes of other graft materials. There was no overt immune response. We thus demonstrate the efficacy of an off-the-shelf AVG that is both acellular and completely biological.
Collision-free trajectory planning in human-robot interaction through hand movement prediction from vision

We present a framework from vision based hand movement prediction in a real-world human-robot collaborative scenario for safety guarantee. We first propose a perception submodule that takes in visual data solely and predicts human collaborator's hand movement. Then a robot trajectory adaptive planning submodule is developed that takes the noisy movement prediction signal into consideration for optimization. To validate the proposed systems, we first collect a new human manipulation dataset that can supplement the previous publicly available dataset with motion capture data to serve as the ground truth of hand location. We then integrate the algorithm with a six degree-of-freedom robot manipulator that can collaborate with human workers on a set of trained manipulation actions, and it is shown that such a robot system outperforms the one without movement prediction in terms of collision avoidance. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed motion prediction and robot trajectory planning approaches in both simulated and physical experiments. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first time that a deep model based movement prediction system is utilized and is proven effective in human-robot collaboration scenario for enhanced safety.
Endoscopic Gluteus Medius and Minimus Repair With Allograft Augmentation Using Acellular Human Dermis

Recently, attention has been given to recalcitrant lateral hip pain, also known as greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Although, historically, this has been attributed to greater trochanteric bursitis, the literature has shown that many patients will have a lesion of the gluteus medius and minimus tendons. Endoscopic hip abductor tendon repair has been shown to provide good outcomes with decreasing overall morbidity and is becoming more popular. However, failure rates have been reported to be as high as 35%, likely due to the poor tissue quality in this older population. Acellular human dermal allograft has been used to augment rotator cuff repairs in an attempt to improve tendon healing. The technique described in this Technical Note shows endoscopic gluteus medius and minimus repair with acellular human dermal allograft augmentation focusing on graft preparation, implantation, and fixation in a safe and reproducible manner.
Clinical utility of clonality testing by next generation sequencing in the monitoring of B-cell and T-cell malignancies.

72Background: Clonality testing is an integral part of the initial assessment of B and T cell malignancies. The further use of conventional clonality assays for monitoring of disease post treatment...
Perfluoroalcohols: The Preparation and Crystal Structures of Heptafluorocyclobutanol and Hexafluorocyclobutane‐1,1‐diol

The first X-ray crystal structure of an α-fluoroalcohol is reported. Heptafluorocyclobutanol was obtained in quantitative yield from hexafluorocyclobutanone by HF addition in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The compound was characterized by its X-ray single crystal structure. Heptafluorocyclobutanol readily undergoes hydrolysis to hexafluorocyclobutane-1,1-diol, which was also structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Ray tracing as an object-oriented example for CS 1

The object-oriented paradigm is the most popular programming paradigm in use today. The benefits of object-oriented programming, such as polymorphism, inheritance, and support for encapsulation are well-known. However, smaller applications such as those typically assigned in a standard CS1 course cannot fully demonstrate the utility of the object-oriented approach. In this paper, we describe the use of an object-oriented ray-tracer in our CS1 course. This application is sufficiently large for the benefits of the object-oriented approach to be seen, and has the benefit of being intrinsically interesting and motivating to students. Students have successfully completed the tasks we have given them and have found the application to be challenging, yet interesting. The software and accompanying assignments are freely available to faculty wishing to use them in their courses.
Herzklopfen und Arhythmie

Ein normaler Mensch weis nichts von seinem Herzschlage auser nach heftiger Anstrengung oder in Augenblicken starker Erregung. Wenn er der Herztatigkeit zu anderen Zeiten storend bewust wird, so hat er Herzklopfen. Die Herz- tatigkeit kann unregelmasig oder einfach verstarkt und schnell sein.
Spinal Vascular Malformation Surgery

Spinal vascular malformation surgery can be a daunting challenge for neurosurgeons. Possibly complicated by anterior location, intermixed with normal spinal vasculature and having little neurologic reserve room for mistake, spinal AVMs must be approached with careful planning, consideration of preoperative embolization, and use of intraoperative diagnostic tools to improve success. Some progress in improving resection strategy has been made with the use of new intraoperative tools and invasive and noninvasive neuroimaging.
Commissioner Gail Heriot Statement and Rebuttal in the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights’ An Assessment of Minority Voting Rights Access in the United States

On September 12, 2018, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights published a report entitled “An Assessment of Minority Voting Rights Access in the United States.” This Statement was part of that report. It argues, among other things, that the Commission’s report is too one-sided and fails to recognized tradeoffs between encouraging the participation of voters and discouraging voting by individuals who are not entitled to vote.
Long term amphibian monitoring at wetlands lacks power to detect population trends

Abstract Amphibians are declining worldwide due to habitat destruction, disease, and environmental stressors. Extremely variable breeding populations and a paucity of long-term monitoring data limits rigorous testing of amphibian population trends, or bias associated with sampling regimes. We used 24 years of continuous trapping data to compare annual probability of presence, and population trends and statistical power for six species among seven wetlands using five sampling scenarios (SS) based on the interval and span of years analyzed. Richness within a year and wetland ranged 29–89% of total species captured there (all years), and 27–82% of total species captured during the study (all years, pooled wetlands). SS had little effect on probability of presence for most common species but did for less common species. Population trends were inconsistently significant or nonsignificant among wetlands within SSs, and among SSs within the same wetlands. The direction (+/−) of trends among wetlands and scenarios for a species generally agreed, but not always. Low statistical power for virtually all population trend estimates, including the All-years SS indicated results were inconclusive. Juvenile recruitment was correlated with adult populations in some subsequent years for four of the six species. We illustrate how probability of presence and population trend estimates can differ among similar wetlands within a landscape, and according to the span, or subset of years sampled. Our results indicate that amphibian monitoring at wetlands cannot conclusively gauge population trends for breeding populations that fluctuate widely among wetlands and from year to year.
Dual Polarity Ion Confinement and Mobility Separations

Here, we present simulations and describe the initial implementation of a device capable of performing simultaneous ion mobility (IM) separations of positive and negative ions based upon the structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). To achieve dual polarity ion confinement, the DC fields used for lateral confinement in previous SLIM were replaced with RF fields. Concurrent ion transport and mobility separation in the SLIM device are shown possible due to the nature of the traveling wave (TW) voltage profile which has potential minima at opposite sides of the wave for each ion polarity. We explored the potential for performing simultaneous IM separations of cations and anions over the same SLIM path and the impacts on the achievable IM resolution and resolving power. Initial results suggest comparable IM performance with previous single-polarity SLIM separations can be achieved. We also used ion trajectory simulations to investigate the capability to manipulate the spatial distributions of ion populations based on their polarities by biasing the RF fields and TW potentials on each SLIM surface so as to limit the interactions between opposite polarity ions. Graphical Abstract.