cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental changes in thermoprotective actions of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the preimplantation bovine embryo

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is an important endocrine signal for regulation of early embryonic development. It increases the proportion of preimplantation embryos becoming blastocysts, alters blas- tocyst gene expression, improves resistance of embryos to various stresses and can enhance survival of embryos after transfer to recipients. The present study had two objectives. The first was to determine whether the thermoprotective actions of IGF1 on the preimplantation bovine embryo was developmen- tally regulated, with the two-cell embryo being refractory to IGF1. The second was to determine the molecular basis for the improved competence of embryos treated with IGF1 to establish pregnancy after transfer to heat-stressed recipients. Treatment of embryos with 100 ng/ml IGF1 reduced the effects of heat shock on embryos ≥16 cells at day 5 after insemination but did not provide thermoprotection to two-
Characterization of monoclonal anti-furosemide antibodies and molecular modeling studies of cross-reactive compounds

Four mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against furosemide have been isolated and characterized. The cross-reactivity of the antibodies with eight compounds which are structurally and/or functionally related to furosemide was determined using a competition ELISA. All of the compounds, including furosemide, were then modeled using molecular mechanical and quantum mechanical methods in an attempt to correlate antibody binding with the conformational and electronic properties of the molecules. The results of these experiments demonstrated that all of the cross-reactivity observed could be readily explained using these techniques. Furthermore, these results should allow for more accurate prediction of unexpected cross-reactivities with these antibodies when they are used in immunoassays for determination of furosemide.
Presidential address: the American Head and Neck Society legacy: clinical care, teaching, and research: staying the course during stormy times.

It is somewhat of an understatement to say that this past year has been a challenging one on multiple levels, challenging being the euphemism in vogue for difficult. As the medical environment has degenerated, I began to develop a steadily escalating commitment to deliver to you a stimulating, positive, uplifting presidential address, but as I began to dissect out the components of our present medical environment, I became mortified with fear that I could not fulfill this task, somewhat paralyzed as I physically sat down to construct this presentation. It is no secret that organized medicine has been a prime target of a witch hunt by a society that, despite the addition of initially perceived revolutionary approaches to the administration of health care, has provided no sustaining solutions to any of the issues germane to the escalating cost of medical care or the fiscal and resource burden of treating the uninsured. And no one has been more consistently confronted with this dilemma in a more dramatic way than the head and neck surgeon.
Liver composition and histology of rainbow trout fed cyclopropenoid fatty acids.

Rainbow trout were fed 200 ppm cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) in a semipurified casein-gelatin-dextrin diet for 8 months. Liver weights, liver fat, and glycogen levels were measured during the course of the exepriment and compared with those of control fish. The effect of CPFA on liver histology was also monitored and was found to produce necrosis of hepatocytes, unusual glycogen deposition, appearance of “fibers” in the cytoplasm of many cells, and fibrotic bile ducts and blood vessels. Most of these histological abberations remained after MS was removed from the diet. Liver size, expressed as a percentage of body weight, in CPFA-fed fish became significantly larger (P < 0.05) after 7 months and remained higher until the feeding trial was terminated. Percentage of liver lipids was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CPFA-fed fish, but returned to normal when the fish were returned to control diet.
Agenesis of all third molars in two half siblings

Tooth agenesis is one of the most common dental anomalies and is influenced by factors including patient genetics. Although there are several specific genes associated with certain patterns of agenesis, there does not seem to be a genetic pattern identified to date that is associated with isolated complete third molar agenesis. This report presents two half-siblings who both express complete agenesis of third molars despite the fact that their shared parent does not express the same phenotype. The case discussion focuses on addressing the potential genetic possibilities including autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expressivity of a mutation. There remains an uncertainty to the exact gene involved. Potential options include WNT10A and PAX9 . The affected individuals are not needing extractions or experiencing complications due to the presence of third molars. However, the concern remains that there is the potential for more severe expression of the mutation in future generations.
Dynamics of Nitric Oxide Rebinding and Escape in Horseradish Peroxidase

Ultrafast kinetic measurements of NO rebinding to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are reported for the first time. The geminate kinetics are found to be exponential for all HRP samples studied. The ferric forms of HRP have NO geminate recombination time constants in the range of 15−30 ps, while the ferrous form has a time constant of ∼7 ps. The simple exponential NO geminate kinetics found for HRP demonstrate that heme relaxation is not the underlying source of the nonexponential NO rebinding in myoglobin (Mb). The NO ligand escape rates from HRP are also determined, and they are found to depend dramatically on the presence or absence of the competitive inhibitor benzohydroxamic acid (BHA). The kinetic results indicate that, in contrast to Mb, there is direct solvent access to the distal heme pocket of HRP.
Consistency of genetic analyses in longitudinal data: Observations from the GAW13 Framingham Heart Study data

This paper examines the consistency of genetic analyses across time, both in the context of replicating results from one data collection point to the next, and from the perspective of modeling longitudinal processes. This summary originates from the examination of findings from nine papers from Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 13 that reported on analyses of longitudinal data of a variety of traits from the Framingham Heart Study. These analyses include both assessments of consistency of aggregate genetic effects, in the form of estimation of heritability and relative risk of disease, as well as localization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by genome-wide linkage screens. Consistency varied widely by trait, possibly reflecting differences in measurement error, secular trends, or underlying biological features such as genotype x age interaction. Quantitatively, comparing magnitudes of estimates across age or time, heritability estimates showed greater consistency than LOD scores. However, qualitatively, the same regions of interest were often identified in genome scans from different time points or different ages. Estimates of sibling recurrence risk, on the other hand, showed little consistency. Heritabilities were greater when participants were matched by age than when they were matched by date of examination. Multivariate approaches, either in use of multiple traits or in use of multiple measures of the same trait, appeared to provide stronger genetic signals both for relative risk and for linkage. Finally, modeling of longitudinal processes provided evidence for genotype x age interactions that may partially explain variation in results of genetic analyses across time or age.
Oligohydramnios Decreases Pulmonary Epithelial Differentiation into Type I Cells in Fetal Rats

Oligohydramnios Decreases Pulmonary Epithelial Differentiation into Type I Cells in Fetal Rats
Electroencephalography (EEG), Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopment in Neonates Surviving with Venoarterial (VA) versus Venovenous (VV) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) † 1262

Electroencephalography (EEG), Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopment in Neonates Surviving with Venoarterial (VA) versus Venovenous (VV) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) † 1262
Intracellular Phosphorylation of Carbocyclic 3-Deazaadenosine, an Anti-Ebola Virus Agent

Carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (C-c3Ado) is a potent inhibitor of Ebola virus in mice by infrequent dosing, even though its half life in plasma is only 23-28 min. This prompted studies to determine whether C-c3Ado undergoes intracellular metabolism to derivatives that may promote in vivo activity. In cells, radiolabelled compound readily underwent metabolism to monophosphate, diphosphate and triphosphate (C-c3ATP) forms, with C-c3ATP being the major metabolite detected. A non-polar metabolite was also detected both inside and outside treated cells. The retention time of C-c3ATP was similar but not identical to ATP on a strong anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column or on a DEAE-Sephadex open column. C-c3ATP and ATP were susceptible to degradation to their respective nucleosides by bovine alkaline phosphatase. Intracellular formation of C-c3ATP reached a plateau by about 4 h after treatment of monkey (Vero 76) and mouse (Balb/3T3 clone A31) cells with 10 or 100 microM extracellular compound. Phosphorylation was linearly dose responsive at 1, 3 and 10 microM. However, the extent of phosphorylation decreased with increasingly higher concentrations (30, 100 and 300 microM). When compound was removed from the medium, the nucleoside cleared the cells within 1 min, whereas C-c3ATP had a half life of decay of 2-3 h in five cell lines. Phosphorylation of C-c3Ado to C-c3ATP was not inhibited by cotreatment of cells (at a 20:1 ratio) with adenosine, guanosine, inosine, xanthosine, cytidine or uridine. There was no evidence of incorporation of C-c3Ado (10 microM) into macromolecules of cells over 72 h, whereas adenosine was readily incorporated. C-c3ATP may represent a form of C-c3Ado that might contribute to extending its intracellular half life or otherwise exhibit antiviral activity and/or toxicity.
Combination of sulindac and dichloroacetate kills cancer cells via oxidative damage

Sulindac is an FDA-approved non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with documented anticancer activities. Our recent studies showed that sulindac selectively enhanced the killing of cancer cells exposed to oxidizing agents via production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. This effect of sulindac and oxidative stress on cancer cells could be related to the defect in respiration in cancer cells, first described by Warburg 50 years ago, known as the Warburg effect. We postulated that sulindac might enhance the selective killing of cancer cells when combined with any compound that alters mitochondrial respiration. To test this hypothesis we have used dichloroacetate (DCA), which is known to shift pyruvate metabolism away from lactic acid formation to respiration. One might expect that DCA, since it stimulates aerobic metabolism, could stress mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells, which would result in enhanced killing in the presence of sulindac. In this study, we have shown that the combination of sulindac and DCA enhances the selective killing of A549 and SCC25 cancer cells under the conditions used. As predicted, the mechanism of killing involves ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, JNK signaling and death by apoptosis. Our results suggest that the sulindac-DCA drug combination may provide an effective cancer therapy.
Truth and consequences: The Federal Trade Commission's ad substantiation program

As the economic theory of regulation has developed, a better understanding of the distribution of gains and losses from government intervention in the marketplace has emerged. Stigler’s original contribution reversed the hypothesis that regulation remedies externalities or other supposed market failures and suggested, instead, that the ‘victims’ of regulation are more frequently its beneficiaries.’ Peltzman demonstrated more precisely regulators’ utility trade-offs in allocating favorable treatment between regulated firms and consumers. * Other recent contributions have stressed the diversity of interests among producers. 3 Thus regulation may benefit some producers, not just at consumers’ expense, but to the detriment of their industry rivals as well. This article uses an economic model of regulation to examine some of the allocative and distributive consequences of the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC’s) ‘advertising substantiation’ doctrine. The ad substantiation doctrine grew out of a series of Commission actions in the early 1970s. It shifted from the Commission the burden of proving ads false and imposed on advertisers the burden of proving the truth of their ad claims. Section II of this paper explains the origins and workings of the substantiation doctrine in greater detail, noting also the FTC’s unusual role in enforcing private, self-regulatory substantiation requirements in the advertising industry. Section III contrasts two hypotheses of advertising regulation: the public-interest explanation of regulation to correct market failure versus the economic explanation of regulation as a rent-creating device to benefit some producers at others’ expense. It is hypothesized
Predictive engineering models using the EPIC architecture for a high-performance task

Engineering models of human performance permit some aspects of usability of interface designs to be predicted from an analysis of the task, and thus can replace to some extent expensive user testing data. 5/22/13 4:56 PM Predictive Engineering Models Using the EPIC Architecture for a High-Performance Task Page 2 of 10 http://www.sigchi.org/chi95/proceedings/papers/dek_bdy.htm Human performance in telephone operator tasks was successfully predicted using engineering models constructed in the EPIC (Executive Process-Interactive Control) architecture for human informationprocessing, which is especially suited for modeling multimodal, complex tasks. Several models were constructed on an a priori basis to represent different hypotheses about how users coordinate their activities to produce rapid task performance. All of the models predicted the total task time with useful accuracy, and clarified some important properties of the task.
Rapid elevation of Inos and decreases in abundance of other proteins at pupal diapause termination in the flesh fly Sarcophaga crassipalpis.

Abstract We analyzed changes in brain proteins 24 h after pupal diapause termination in Sarcophaga crassipalpis by a combination of 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The proteome analysis revealed significant changes in 20 proteins, 11 of which represented ≥ 2.5-fold changes. Three proteins were present only in the brains of diapausing pupae. Among the most abundant proteins that showed a change, 1 was more abundant, 7 were less abundant, and 2 were absent following diapause termination. The protein that increased in abundance following diapause termination showed highest identity to myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Inos). Proteins that decreased at diapause termination included those showing highest identities to fatty acid binding protein, CG2331-PA, twinstar, catalase, and a histone. Proteins absent at diapause termination included ribosomal protein L17A and one unnamed protein. An increase of Inos protein level was confirmed using Western blot analysis. Attempts to terminate diapause by injection of several Inos-related metabolites failed, thus suggesting that the elevation of Inos at diapause termination is downstream of the physiological regulation that initiates development.
Coiled-coil helix bundle, a peptide tertiary structural motif toward hybrid functional materials

Some of the recent progress in generating hierarchically structured hybrid materials using peptide–polymer conjugates is presented. In particular, we review some of the developments in de novo designed coiled-coil helix bundles and their synthetic polymer conjugates from a materials point of view. As one of the most important motifs underlying many of the functionalities found in natural proteins, coiled-coil helix bundles present unique opportunities to generate functional materials with structures and functionalities similar to those seen in nature. As we utilize peptide tertiary structures stabilized by non-covalent interactions, the principles governing the assembly process at multiple length scales become more complicated. Some challenges, as well as the critical areas that require further study for the advancement of this burgeoning field, are discussed. Further investigation will not only improve our fundamental understanding of multi-length scale assembly in multi-component systems, but may also lead to very unique functional biomolecular materials.
Response of Sex Characters of the Adult Female Starling to Synthetic Hormones.

SummaryAdult female starlings in the quiescent season are a favorable material for the study of the biological properties of natural and synthetic sex hormones. Their ovaries and oviducts are capab...
A case of hadwiger's conjecture

Sufficient conditions are established for Hadwiger's Conjecture to be valid in thecase r = 5.
Characterization of familial partial 10p trisomy by chromosomal microdissection, FISH, and microsatellite dosage analysis

Unbalanced translocations are a frequent cause of multiple congenital anomalies in children. Translocations as small as 2–5 Mb of DNA are detectable by G-banding under optimal conditions. Some of these small translocations are visible but cannot be characterized cytogenetically due to the lack of characteristic banding on Giemsa preparations. We have combined chromosomal microdissection and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify the origin of a small translocated segment in three members of a family with a derivative chromosome 9 and multiple anomalies, including several ophthalmologic anomalies. We microdissected the abnormal region of the derivative 9 chromosome and used this DNA to generate a FISH probe. This probe hybridized to distal 10p on the metaphase spread of the proband, indicating the origin of the translocated segment. A whole 10p FISH probe confirmed the origin by hybridizing to the translocated segment of the derivative chromosome. FISH was then performed with a whole chromosome 9 painting probe and excluded the presence of a reciprocal, balancing translocation. We then studied the chromosome 10 partial duplication with microsatellite markers to better characterize the chromosomal segment that caused these phenotypic features. By examining the involved areas with distal 10p and 9p microsatellite markers, we were able to demonstrate a minimum of 9 Mb of trisomic 10p DNA with a chromosomal breakpoint between 10p14– 10p15. We then compared this family’s clinical findings to those of individuals with partial 10p trisomy who had been reported in the literature. The clinical phenotypes seen in this family are similar to, but milder than, the phenotypes of persons with the larger partial trisomies of 10p that were diagnosable by cytogenetic analysis alone. This study shows that microdissection and DNA markers can be used to precisely define small translocations that are difficult to identify by conventional G-banded chromosome analysis.
Identification and manipulation of the molecular determinants influencing poliovirus recombination.

The control and prevention of communicable disease is directly impacted by the genetic mutability of the underlying etiological agents. In the case of RNA viruses, genetic recombination may impact public health by facilitating the generation of new viral strains with altered phenotypes and by compromising the genetic stability of live attenuated vaccines. The landscape of homologous recombination within a given RNA viral genome is thought to be influenced by several factors; however, a complete understanding of the genetic determinants of recombination is lacking. Here, we utilize gene synthesis and deep sequencing to create a detailed recombination map of the poliovirus 1 coding region. We identified over 50 thousand breakpoints throughout the genome, and we show the majority of breakpoints to be concentrated in a small number of specific “hotspots,” including those associated with known or predicted RNA secondary structures. Nucleotide base composition was also found to be associated with recombination frequency, suggesting that recombination is modulated across the genome by predictable and alterable motifs. We tested the predictive utility of the nucleotide base composition association by generating an artificial hotspot in the poliovirus genome. Our results imply that modification of these motifs could be extended to whole genome re-designs for the development of recombination-deficient, genetically stable live vaccine strains.
Analysis of teleradiological data transmission in IRAQ by modeling and simulation

The quick transmission of radiological data between Medical Treatment Facilities (MTFs) greatly determines the quality of care a wounded soldier receives. A typical full-body Computed Tomography (CT) study currently takes on average 4.5 hours to be transmitted from one MTF to another while a single digital chest x-ray can take over an hour. An evacuated wounded soldier often arrives at the higher-level MTF before the images sent by the lower-level MTF are received, impacting greatly the ability to receive proper and potentially lifesaving medical treatment. This study examines via modeling and simulation the transmission times of CT, X-ray, and ultrasound images between MTFs within IRAQ while varying the number of available satellite channels, adding broadband Line-of-Site (LOS) connectivity, and Hub-Spoke vs. Mesh satellite topologies - all against a goal of total image transmission time of 15 minutes or less for a 250 MB full-body CT study.
An Ion’s Perspective on the Molecular Motions of Nanoconfined Water: A Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy Study

The vibrational population relaxation and hydration shell dynamics of the symmetric tricyanomethanide (TCM) anion are investigated in a sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate reverse micelle as a function of the water pool radius. Two-dimensional infrared (IR) spectroscopy in combination with linear absorption and ultrafast IR pump–probe spectroscopy is utilized in this study. Spectroscopic measurements show that the anion has two bands in the 2160–2175 cm–1 region, each with its own spectroscopic signatures. Analysis of the vibrational dynamics shows that the two vibrational bands are consistent with the anion located either at the interface or in the water pool. The sensitivity of the TCM anion to the environment allows us to unequivocally monitor the vibrational and hydration dynamics of the anion in those two different environments. A TCM anion located at the interface does not show any significant variation of the vibrational dynamics with the water pool size. On the contrary, the TCM anion inside th...
Attributes of the plankton flora at Bushehr, Iran.

The plankton flora on the northeastern coast of the Gulf of Persia consists of many diatom species, the coccolithophores Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Coccolithus huxleyi, and the blue-green alga, Trichodesmium thiebautii. These are prevalent throughout the year and always at low concentrations, with an average maximum in January of 14463 cells/liter and minimum in June of 802/liter. Such comparative constancy suggests that the flora has the attribute of stability. The individual species fluctuate in a patternless, uncorrelated manner, so that the flora is characterized by the attribute of unpredictability. The turbidity of the shallow water reduces the light so that light is usually neither limiting nor inhibitory. There is a small amount of nitrate always available and ample phosphate and silicate. Pure culture studies of several species show growth from about 12° to 34°. The water was 34° in August of 1977. The flora's responsiveness to these light, nutrient, and temperature quantities makes possible its recovery to normal after advective disturbance in June 1977.
Intrinsically nonlinear waves in magnetohydrodynamical systems

A systematic approach to the study of intrinsically nonlinear waves in arbitrary dimensional magnetohydrodynamical systems is presented.
Role of claudin interactions in airway tight junctional permeability.

Airway epithelial tight junctions (TJs) serve to separate the external and internal environments of the lung. However, the members of the claudin family that mediate this function have not been ful...
Remarks on the chiral phase transition in chromodynamics

The phase transition restoring chiral symmetry at finite temperatures is considered in a linear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model. For three or more massless flavors, the perturbative $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion predicts the phase transition is of first order. At high temperatures, the ${\mathrm{U}}_{A}(1)$ symmetry will also be effectively restored.
Manipulation planning with goal sets using constrained trajectory optimization

Goal sets are omnipresent in manipulation: picking up objects, placing them on counters or in bins, handing them off — all of these tasks encompass continuous sets of goals. This paper describes how to design optimal trajectories that exploit goal sets. We extend CHOMP (Covariant Hamiltonian Optimization for Motion Planning), a recent trajectory optimizer that has proven effective on high-dimensional problems, to handle trajectory-wide constraints, and relate the solution to the intuition of taking unconstrained steps and subsequently projecting them onto the constraints. We then show how this projection simplifies for goal sets (i.e. constraints that affect only the end-point). Finally, we present experiments on a personal robotics platform that show the importance of exploiting goal sets in trajectory optimization for day-to-day manipulation tasks.
Style Guide: An Interdisciplinary Communication Tool to Support the Process of Generating Tailored Infographics From Electronic Health Data Using EnTICE3

Purpose: In this case study we describe key features of the structured communication tool—a style guide—used to support interdisciplinary collaboration, and we propose the use of such a tool for research teams engaged in similar projects. We employ tailored infographics to present patient reported outcome data from a community health survey back, in a comprehensible and actionable manner, to the individuals who provided it. The style guide was developed to bridge the semantic gap between the domain and programming experts engaged in this effort. Innovation: The style guide supports the communication of complex design specifications in a highly structured format that is nevertheless flexible enough to accommodate project growth. Unlike the typical corporate style guide that has a more narrative format, our style guide is innovative in its use of consistent fields across multiple, standalone entries. Credibility: The process of populating the style guide prompted the designer toward greater design efficiency and led to consistent and specific instructions that met the framework architect’s stated information needs. Discussion and Conclusion: The guiding values in the creation of the style guide were consistency, clarity, and flexibility. It serves as a durable reference to the desired look and functionality of the final infographic product without dictating an implementation strategy. The style guide format can be adapted to meet the communication needs of other interdisciplinary teams facing a semantic gap.
A modified thickness extensional disk transducer

Photolithography and chemical etching were investigated as a means of patterning miniature piezoelectric devices. Using a processing procedure analogous to that utilized in the production of integrated circuitry, concentrated hydrochloric acid and a commercially available photoresist were used to fabricate a number of complex structures from soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) substrates. Among the devices produced in this manner was a modified thickness-mode resonator etched to destroy the simple geometry responsible for radial vibrations. The resultant transducer demonstrated significantly smaller amplitudes for lateral resonances and a marked reduction in the effective planar coupling coefficient over the unaltered disk. The results indicate that photolithographic patterning is useful both for eliminating spurious resonances from transducers for medical imaging or nondestructive evaluation and for engineering low planar coupling coefficients into a variety of substrate materials. >
The Correlation of Subcarinal Density Visualized on Plain Chest Roentgenograms with Computed Tomographic Scans

A prospective evaluation of 212 paired chest roentgenograms and computed tomographic (CT) scans was performed to determine the predictive value of detecting subcarinal adenopathy by finding increased subcarinal density on routine roentgenograms. Based on CT criteria for subcarinal lymphadenopathy, 37 true-positive and 124 true-negative cases of subcarinal adenopathy were found in 161 patients. Evaluation of density in the subcarinal area on the routine posteroanterior (PA) chest roentgenograms in these patients demonstrated a sensitivity of 72 percent and specificity of 96 percent for the detection of adenopathy when compared with established CT criteria. False-positive and false-negative appraisals of central mediastinal density on routine roentgenograms appear to be due to the superimposition of other masses, bullae, or lack of appropriate roentgenographic contrast. The accuracy of predicting the presence or absence of subcarinal adenopathy from routine chest roentgenograms suggests that this observation is clinically useful and should be routinely evaluated.
Surgical care improvement project (SCIP): has its mission succeeded?

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if adherence to the surgical care improvement project (SCIP) measures could further reduce rate of surgical site infection (SSI) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients. We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent primary or revision TJA at our institution between July 2000 and June 2009. After implementation of SCIP measures, rate of superficial SSI increased (0.42% versus 0.60%, P =0.05) while rate of deep SSI decreased from 0.92% to 0.82% ( P =0.46). The rate of DVT was 0.92% before and 0.83% after implementation of SCIP ( P =0.51); however, rate of PE increased from 0.87% to 1.30% ( P =0.002). Our findings indicated that SCIP has not been successful in reducing complications in TJA patients.
Childhood Sexual Abuse, Gender, and Depression Among Incarcerated Youth

This study examined whether sexual abuse was related to higher levels of psychological distress among incarcerated youth and if the effects were invariant across gender. Participants were male and female adolescents, aged 11 to 20 years, incarcerated in six juvenile correctional institutions in five states. Using data from a national study of juveniles confined to secure institutions, this study assessed the relationship between gender, sexual abuse, and depression. Adolescents who were sexually abused during childhood compared to adolescents who were not report higher levels of depression. Sexually abused girls and boys report higher levels of depression compared to boys not sexually abused. These findings suggest the importance of understanding the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and depressive symptoms among incarcerated youth. Additionally, the findings suggest that the effects of childhood sexual abuse are similar for males and females among a high-risk sample of institutionalized juvenile delinquents. Implications for treatment of incarcerated youth are discussed.
Antiangiogenic Strategies and Agents in Clinical Trials

The understanding that the growth of tumors depends on the acquisition of a blood supply has led to the development of new therapies for cancer and other angiogenic diseases based on inhibition of neovascularization. This review examines the role of angiogenesis in cancer progression and describes various strategies for interfering with this process. The developmental status of angiogenesis inhibitors in human clinical trials is presented, including their proposed mechanisms of action. Standard chemotherapeutic agents and angiogenesis inhibitors are compared, noting that different end points might need to be considered in clinical trials and that drug resistance may be less of a problem with antiangiogenic therapy than with conventional chemotherapy regimens. The suggestion is made that cytotoxic chemotherapy and angiogenesis inhibitors used in combination may produce complementary therapeutic benefits in the treatment of cancer.
Integration of disassembly leveling and bin assignment for demanufacturing automation

As an integral part of a product life cycle, demanufacturing is a process of disassembling a product and assigning collection bins for the resultant subassemblies and parts, which are then reused, remanufactured, reengineered, or disposed of. This paper proposes an algorithm to determine disassembly levels and bins in an integrated way to maximize the profit from a used product through balancing the resource invested in disassembly processes, the return, and the environmental impact caused by them. The algorithm utilizes the information from a computer-aided design system and requires minimal user input with the computational complexity of O(n/sup 2/+mn), where n is the number of parts and final subassemblies in a product, and m is the number of collection bins. It has been successfully used in the development of a demanufacturing stage of a multi-life cycle assessment and analysis tool. The benefit of the proposed algorithm is illustrated through a laptop computer example.
Seismic signature of a Swan Hills (Frasnian) reef reservoir, Snipe Lake, Alberta

Swan Hills formation (Frasnian stage) carbonate buildups of the Beaverhill Lake group are generally of low relief and considerable areal extent and are overlain by and encased within the relatively high‐velocity shale of the Waterways formation, which thins but does not drape across the reefs. Consistent with this picture, prereef seismic events are not significantly pulled up beneath the reefs nor are postreef events draped across them. Indeed, the seismic images of these reefs are effectively masked by the high‐amplitude reflections from the overlying top of the Beaverhill Lake group and underlying Gilwood member and cannot be distinguished from those of the basin fill. However, it is possible to identify the reefs indirectly on conventionally processed seismic sections because the image of the encompassing Beaverhill Lake/Gilwood interval varies significantly from onreef to offreef positions. One such Swan Hills formation field at Snipe Lake has an areal extent of about 90km2 and typical reef relief of...
Cystamine and cysteamine prevent 3-NP-induced mitochondrial depolarization of Huntington's disease knock-in striatal cells

Abstract Cystamine significantly improved motor deficits and extended survival in mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD); however, the precise mechanism(s) by which cystamine and the related compound cysteamine are beneficial remain to be elucidated. Using clonal striatal cell lines from wild-type (STHdhQ7/HdhQ7) and mutant huntingtin knock-in (STHdhQ111/HdhQ111) mice, we have tested the hypothesis that cystamine and cysteamine could be beneficial by preventing the depolarization of mitochondria in cell cultures. Treatment with 3-nitroproprionic acid (3-NP), a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor, induces mitochondrial depolarization and cell death of mutant HD striatal cells but not of wild-type cells. The 3-NP-mediated decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential was attenuated by 50 microm cystamine and completely inhibited by 250 microm cystamine. Similar results were obtained using cysteamine (50-500 microm). In addition, both cystamine and cysteamine significantly attenuated the 3-NP-induced cell death. Treatment of mutant HD striatal cells with 3-NP resulted in a robust decrease in the cellular and mitochondrial levels of glutathione (GSH) compared with cells exposed to the vehicle alone. Pre-treatment of the cells with cystamine and cysteamine completely prevented the 3-NP-mediated decrease in cellular and mitochondrial GSH levels. Incubation with L-buthionine (S,R) sulfoximine (BSO) 250 microm in combination with cystamine (250 microm) or cysteamine (250 microm) prior to being treated with 3-NP completely prevented the beneficial effects of cystamine and cysteamine on the 3-NP-mediated mitochondrial depolarization. These results demonstrate that cystamine and cysteamine prevent the 3-NP-induced mitochondrial depolarization of HD striatal cell cultures.
Distinct Biology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus from Primary Lesions and Body Cavity Lymphomas

The DNA sequence for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus was originally detected in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsy specimens. Since its discovery, it has been possible to detect virus in cell lines established from AIDS-associated body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma and to propagate virus from primary Kaposi's sarcoma lesions in a human renal embryonic cell line, 293. In this study, we analyzed the infectivity of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus produced from these two sources. Viral isolates from cultured cutaneous primary KS cells was transmitted to an Epstein-Barr virus-negative Burkitt's B-lymphoma cell line, Louckes, and compared to virus induced from a body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma cell line. While propagation of body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma-derived virus was not observed in 293 cell cultures, infection with viral isolates obtained from primary Kaposi's sarcoma lesions induced injury in 293 cells typical of herpesvirus infection and was associated with apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, transient overexpression of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus v-Bcl-2 homolog delayed the process of apoptosis and prolonged the survival of infected 293 cells. In contrast, the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-fmk and Z-DEVD-fmk failed to protect infected cell cultures, suggesting that Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced apoptosis occurs through a Bcl-2-dependent pathway. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus isolates from primary Kaposi's sarcoma lesions and body cavity-based lymphomas therefore may differ and are likely to have distinct contributions to the pathophysiology of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Optimized SAW chemical sensor with microfluidic packaging

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are used as sensing elements in the best performing portable chemical detectors. The SAW device, with a selectively absorbing chemical coating, serves as a mass sensor which preferentially responds to various chemical exposures. To obtain the highest performance, a number of criteria must be optimized, including SAW microwave insertion loss, impedance matching, electrode design configuration, RF shielding, chemically absorbent coating area, electronic measurement approach, and microfluidic packaging. A properly optimized system can be sensitive to chemical exposures the parts-per-trillion range. We report on a design optimization approach consisting of multiple comparison experiments made with competing designs.
Fully Biodegradable Airway Stents Using Amino Alcohol-Based Poly(ester amide) Elastomers

Airway stents are often used to maintain patency of the tracheal and bronchial passages in patients suffering from central airway obstruction caused by malignant tumors, scarring, and injury. Like most conventional medical implants, they are designed to perform their functions for a limited period of time, after which surgical removal is often required. Two primary types of airway stents are in general use, metal mesh devices and elastomeric tubes; both are constructed using permanent materials, and must be removed when no longer needed, leading to potential complications. This paper describes the development of process technologies for bioresorbable prototype elastomeric airway stents that would dissolve completely after a predetermined period of time or by an enzymatic triggering mechanism. These airway stents are constructed from biodegradable elastomers with high mechanical strength, flexibility and optical transparency. This work combines microfabrication technology with bioresorbable polymers, with the ultimate goal of a fully biodegradable airway stent ultimately capable of improving patient safety and treatment outcomes.
Enterovirus 70 Receptor Utilization Is Controlled by Capsid Residues That Also Regulate Host Range and Cytopathogenicity

Enterovirus type 70, an etiologic agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, may bind different cellular receptors depending on cell type. To understand how EV70-receptor interaction is controlled, we studied two variants of the virus with distinct receptor utilization. EV70-Rmk, derived by passage in rhesus monkey kidney cells, replicates poorly in HeLa cells and does not cause cytopathic effects. Decay accelerating factor (DAF) is not a cell receptor for EV70-Rmk. Passage of EV70-Rmk in HeLa cells lead to isolation of EV70-Dne, which does not replicate in rhesus monkey kidney cells but grows to high titers in HeLa cells and causes cytopathic effects. DAF is sufficient for cell entry of EV70-Dne. EV70-Rmk replicates in human eye and brain-derived cell lines, whereas the Dne strain replicates only in HeLa cells and in conjunctiva-derived 15C4 cells. The two EV70 strains differ by five amino acid changes in the viral capsid. Single substitution of four of the five EV70-Rmk amino acids with the residue from EV70-Dne leads to lytic replication in HeLa cells. Conversely, substitution of any of the five EV70-Dne amino acids with the EV70-Rmk amino acid does not alter replication in HeLa cells. Three of these capsid amino acids are predicted to be located in the canyon encircling the fivefold axis of symmetry, one amino acid is found at the fivefold axis of symmetry, and one is located the interior of the capsid. The five EV70 residues define a region of the capsid that controls viral host range, DAF utilization, and cytopathogenicity.
A longitudinal study of the effects of free testosterone and other psychosocial variables on sexual function during the natural traverse of menopause

Objective This study examines the effect of free T levels on sexual function during the natural traverse of menopause. Other psychosocial variables, which may also contribute to change in sexual function, are studied—including participant's job satisfaction, satisfaction with financial resources, confidence in ability to manage symptoms, stressful life events, exercise, body image, and quality of personal relationships. Design Prospective clinical study. Setting Clinical research center, university hospital. Patient(s) Fifty-seven women between the ages of 45 and 55 years were enrolled at the beginning of the study. Thirty-seven women completed all but the final measurement of free T and 23 completed all aspects of the study at year 1 and year 5. Intervention(s) Questionnaires were administered and blood samples obtained in year 1 and year 5. Main outcome measure(s) Free T, sexual satisfaction, and other psychosocial variables. Result(s) Exercise is the only variable significantly associated with sexual satisfaction. There was a lack of association between free T and sexual satisfaction both at year 1 and year 5. Conclusion(s) Focus on the hormonal aspects of menopause has promoted a disregard of other important psychosocial factors affecting sexual function. This study shows no correlation between T levels and sexual function, whereas exercise is clearly associated with sexual satisfaction. A key area for future research is the effect of lifestyle changes on sexual function in menopausal women.
A Note on the Algebra Generated by a Subnormal Operator

Let H be a separable Hilbert space, and let A ⊂ L(H) be a weak*-closed algebra. We say that A has property (/A1) if every weak*-continuous functional f on A can be represented as $$f(T) = (Tx,y),\,T\, \in \,A,$$ (1) where x and y are vectors in H and (·,·) denotes the scalar product in H. We say that A has property (/A1(r)) if, in addition, given s>r and f, we can choose x and y satisfying (1) and $$\left\| x \right\|\left\| y \right\| \leqslant \,s\left\| f \right\|$$ (2) .
Concepts in preventing the early stages of aqueous stress-corrosion cracking

Environmently induced crack growth generally progresses through several stages prior to component failure, including crack initiation, short-crack growth, and stage 1 growth. The importance of understanding early stages derives from the extended time that cracks exist in the early stages because crack velocity is slow. This slow crack growth provides an opportunity for preventing the transition into long cracks. Several important factors about short-crack behavior can be used to lessen the impact of stress-corrosion cracking: life prediction requires a knowledge of the total life cycle of the crack, including the early stages; greater reliability is possible if the transition between short-and long-crack behavior is known, because component life after this transition is short; and preventative actions are more effective for short cracks rather than long cracks.
Role of COX-1 and -2 in prostanoid generation and modulation of angiotensin II responses

The role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 in prostanoid formation and modulation of pressor responses to ANG II was investigated in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds in the rat. In the present study, selective COX-1 and -2 inhibitors attenuated increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and decreases in systemic arterial pressure in response to arachidonic acid but did not alter responses to PGE1 or U-46619. The selective COX-1 and -2 inhibitors did not modify systemic pressor responses to injections or infusions of ANG II or pulmonary pressor responses to injections of the peptide. COX-2 inhibitors did not alter, whereas a COX-1 inhibitor depressed, arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. These data provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that prostanoid synthesis occurs by way of the COX-1 and -2 pathways in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds but that pressor responses to ANG II are not mediated or modulated by these pathways in the rat.