cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Eco-Social Trauma Intervention Model.

Objectives We describe a transdisciplinary theory of change for interventions to promote trauma recovery that utilizes an eco-social approach to enhance health status and well-being following trauma exposures. This four-level theory of change could be applied to other population health problems, as well. Methods This theory-development process included reviewing existing literature, identifying assumptions, defining core concepts, stating propositions, depicting concepts and propositions for clarity, and illustrating with case examples grounded in our focus on trauma. Results The resulting Eco-Social Trauma Intervention Model offers a framework for interventions that address the impact of trauma on the individual level through self-regulation, interpersonal level through relationships, community/organizational level through safety, and societal level through identities. Application of this model to intervention development for those affected by trauma is intended to promote resilience, recovery, posttraumatic growth, and positive adaptations to traumatic stress for populations, going beyond the current Western paradigm of treating individuals for psychopathology. Conclusions The Eco-Social Trauma Intervention Model offers an adaptable transdisciplinary framework for developing and researching scalable trauma interventions for individuals, communities, and populations.
Reasonable Exclusions: The Problem of Political Identity in Liberal Democracy

ABSTRACTThis article provides a critical reading of the idea of ‘the reasonable’ in contemporary politics, as reflected in the work of John Rawls. I argue that this concept is best understood as a ...
Cultural/Linguistic Immersion in Teacher Preparation for Emergent Bilingual Learners: Defining a New Space for Asset-Based Pedagogies

This chapter lays out conceptual foundations of an asset-based pedagogical approach to teaching emergent bilingual learners contextualized through decolonizing critiques, and with emphasis on pedagogical language knowledge as a guiding principle to prepare teachers in culturally/linguistic immersion contexts. Today, the challenges of economic globalization, widespread digital interaction, increased human migration, and climate instability call for locally relevant but globally aware problem-solving perspectives. We argue that to revise the monocultural biases permeating North American K-12 classrooms, we need to disrupt and re-imagine the contexts and goals of teacher preparation programs. To move beyond insufficient notions of “teacher competence” delivered through traditional classroom instruction, this effort necessitates the design and delivery of embedded cultural and linguistic experiences that will help fundamentally alter future teaching practice and the wider pedagogical landscape.
Shifting Identities: The Figured Worlds of One Adolescent Immigrant English Learner

The purpose of this paper is to examine the complex nature of identity construction of one adolescent Mexican-American immigrant English Learner (EL) through the frame of figured world theory (Holland et al. Identity and agency in cultural worlds, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998). We use case study methodology to explore the question: How does one adolescent Mexican-American immigrant EL, Mario, construct his identity, as he invokes different subject positions in relation to diverse social contexts? We highlight how Mario performs different identities within the diverse contexts in Mexico and in the U.S.: (1) a retornado (one who has returned) in Mexico, and then variously in his ESL classroom as (2) a model student, (3) a student of color challenging his white teacher’s authority, and yet other times, (4) a disruptive and uncooperative student, who missed class regularly, because he did not want to “miss out on life.” We underscore the importance for educators to understand adolescent identity construction, not as a linear set of stages, but as a shifting, complex, and multifaceted process, especially that of adolescent immigrants and the diverse geopolitical contexts from which they and their families originate.
Assessing and Mitigating Bias in Medical Artificial Intelligence: The Effects of Race and Ethnicity on a Deep Learning Model for ECG Analysis

Background: Deep learning algorithms derived in homogeneous populations may be poorly generalizable and have the potential to reflect, perpetuate, and even exacerbate racial/ethnic disparities in h...
Scientific Software Testing Goes Serverless: Creating and Invoking Metamorphic Functions

Our function-as-a-service (FaaS) framework transformed end users' questions into automated tests for scientific software. Our case study illustrates the FaaSification of scientific software testing and the importance of value-driven evaluations by focusing on real-world defect detection.
Preservation of Memory in Alzheimer-Related Primary Progressive Aphasia: Glass Half Full.

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) denotes gradual deterioration of language function due to neurodegeneration. Although PPA was initially considered 1 of the 2 main clinical syndromes of frontotemporal dementia pathologies, we now know that about one-third of all PPA cases are due to underlying Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology.1 Over the past quarter-century, the main focus of PPA research has been on phenotyping and differentiating its related language disorders and on the significant clinical and pathologic heterogeneity of the syndrome. A very important but less considered aspect, however, is the remarkable preservation of another aspect of cognition, namely memory, in this condition. This is especially relevant in the case of Alzheimer-related PPA (PPA-AD), given that AD pathology is often considered synonymous with the presence of memory problems.
Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) use among osteopathic physicians in the United States

Context Updated data on the use of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatments (OMT) by osteopathic physicians in the United States is overdue. This data would provide an up-to-date point of reference for evaluating the current use of OMT as a distinguishing feature of the osteopathic profession. Objective To determine the prevalence of OMT use, barriers to its use, and factors that correlate with increased use. Methods The American Osteopathic Association (AOA) distributed its triannual survey on professional practices and preferences of osteopathic physicians, including questions on OMT, to a random sample of 10,000 osteopathic physicians in August 2018 through Survey Monkey (San Mateo, CA). Follow-up efforts included a paper survey mailed to nonrespondents one month after initial distribution and three subsequent email reminders. The survey was available from August 15, 2018 to November 5, 2018. The OMT questions focused on frequency of OMT use, perceived barriers, and basic demographic information of osteopathic physician respondents. Statistical analysis (including a one sample test of proportion, chi-square, and Spearman's rho) was performed to identify significant factors influencing OMT use. Results Of 10,000 surveyed osteopathic physicians, 1,683 (16.83%) responded. Of those respondents, 1,308 (77.74%) reported using OMT on less than 5% of their patients, while 958 (56.95%) did not use OMT on any of their patients. Impactful barriers to OMT use included lack of time, lack of reimbursement, lack of institutional/practice support, and lack of confidence/proficiency. Factors positively correlated with OMT use included female gender, being full owner of a practice, and practicing in an office-based setting. Conclusion Our data suggest that OMT use among osteopathic physicians in the US continues to decline. Barriers to its use appear to be related to the difficulty that most physicians have with successfully integrating OMT into the country's insurance-based system of healthcare delivery. Follow-up investigations on this subject in subsequent years will be imperative in the ongoing effort to monitor and preserve the distinctiveness of the osteopathic profession.
On the Use of Machine Learning for Direction Finding with Circular Monopole Antenna Arrays

The training of a deep neural network for amplitude-only (AO) direction finding (DF) is presented. Four circular arrays with 3-, 4-, 6-, and 8-element uniformly distributed monopoles are considered. The impact of a center-placed metallic post on the performance of the arrays in conjunction with the utilized DF algorithm is investigated. The 1 GHz resonant arrays are first designed in Altair FEKO and voltages produced at the terminals of the antennas from incident plane waves are determined. These signals, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB, are then used to train the neural network for AO-DF. The best performing configuration, the 8-element array, has 1.8° root mean squared error and 1.33° average error across the 360° field of view. While the 3- and 4-element arrays without a post performed poorly, all other considered topologies yielded an average error less than 4°. These results allow system designers to make educated decisions in the context of a cost vs accuracy tradeoff.
Examinations in Arthritis and Related Affections

Before examining a diseased joint, it is indispensable to obtain information on all prior diseases of the patient as well as on the course of the present joint disease. The history of past diseases and details concerning the onset and progression of the present disease offer important clues to the etiology and nature of this joint disease. Taking the history also represents the first contact with the patient and provides a useful insight into his psychological reactions, his attitude toward the disease, and his probable cooperation in managing the disease.
bFGF as a therapeutic target for chemosensitization in colorectal cancer.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5510 Our laboratory has shown that two fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF) expressed in solid tumors induce broad-spectrum resistance to anticancer drugs with diverse chemical structures and action mechanisms. We further showed that nontoxic doses of suramin, a nonspecific inhibitor of these growth factors, enhanced the anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents in breast, prostate, bladder and lung tumors. As advanced colorectal tumors express high levels of FGFs, the present study evaluated whether FGF antagonists enhance the activity of chemotherapy. The hypothesis was tested using the human HT-29 colon xenograft model and FGF antagonists (monoclonal antibodies to aFGF and bFGF, and nontoxic suramin). FGF antibodies were injected intratumorally, whereas CPT-11 and suramin were administered systemically. The results showed that the FGF antagonists, when administered alone, had no antitumor activity. However, when used in combination with CPT-11, anti-bFGF antibody or nontoxic suramin significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy (increased apoptotic index and median survival time, p<0.05). These benefits were attained without increasing the body weight loss. We further found that anti-bFGF antibody or suramin suppressed the expression of phosphorylated FGF receptors and survivin. These data support bFGF as a potential therapeutic target for chemosensitization in colon cancer. Supported in part by R01CA97067 and R01CA100922, NCI, DHHS.
Hookworm disease and malabsorption.

Summary Fourteen patients with hookworm disease were studied for evidence of malabsorption. In these patients steatorrhea and positive biochemical tests were found, as well as pathologic and roentgenographic abnormalities of the small bowel. Similar evidence of malabsorption was absent in 6 asymptomatic patients with similar parasitic infestation and in 8 persons infested with parasites other than hookworm.
Bile salt synthesis in transplanted human liver.

Bilirubin and bile salt excretion were determined in a patient following orthotopic liver transplantation. Bile salt synthesis was found to increase within 24 hr and the total amount excreted per day exceeded 400 mg. During the recovery phase a decrease in the bilirubin to bile salt ratio in bile provided evidence for a specific interference in the transport of conjugated bilirubin.
The healthcare off-shoring industry in developing economies--institutional and economic foundations: an Indian case.

Purpose – Industrialized world‐based healthcare providers are increasingly off‐shoring low‐end healthcare services such as medical transcription, billing and insurance claims. High‐skill medical jobs such as tele‐imaging and tele‐pathology are also being sub‐contracted to developing countries. Despite its importance, little theory or research exists to explain what factors affect industry growth. The article's goals, therefore, are to examine economic processes associated with developing economies' shift from low‐ to high‐value information technology enabled healthcare services, and to investigate how these differ in terms of legitimacy from regulative, normative and cognitive institutions in the sending country and how healthcare services differ from other services.Design/methodology/approach – This research is conceptual and theory‐building. Broadly, its approach can be described as a positivistic epistemology.Findings – Anti off‐shoring regulative, normative and cognitive pressures in the sending count...
Automated Enzymatic Method for the Determination of Ammonia: Application to Rumen Fluid, Gut Fluid, and Plasma

The enzymatic method for the determination of ammonia with glutamate dehydrogenase has been adapted to the AutoAnalyzer. The automated method was applicable for NH3 measurement in sheep rumen samples, swine gut fluid samples, and bovine plasma. Results were compared with those of the Conway diffusion method and the manual enzymatic method. The automated method allows 30 samples per h to be analyzed routinely. Values were comparable with those with the manual method, but lower than those with the Conway diffusion method.
Evaluating the impact of fat taxes and vegetables subsidies on specific food categories (630.4)

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the psychological effects of framing a 10% price difference between healthy and relatively less healthy foods as a tax, subsidy, or a combination of both. Methods: In cooperation with a Northeastern grocer, a seven-month field study was designed in which daily, itemized transactions were tracked for 233 participants. Participants received 10% discount on grocery purchases during the first month of the study. In months two through seven, one-quarter of the households continued to receive the 10% discount. The other households received a 15% discount on all foods considered healthy, and a 5% discount on all foods considered unhealthy. These households were also assigned to one of three price framing conditions in which the 10% price difference was called either a 10% tax on unhealthy foods, a 10% subsidy on healthy foods, or a 5% tax on unhealthy foods and a 5% subsidy on unhealthy foods. The grocer’s proprietary algorithm was used to determine the healt...
Timing Multiple Markets: Theory and Evidence

I extend the classical market timing model of Merton (1981) to the case of multiple risk factors and derive the equilibrium value of a market timer's forecasting ability. This result implies a class of return-based parametric estimators that allow consistent estimation of a portfolio manager's ability to 'time multiple markets.' I apply these tests to evaluate the performance of 'fund of funds' hedge fund managers and show that, both individually and on aggregate, fund of funds managers do not exhibit timing ability with respect to a variety of hedge fund styles. However, I argue that this result is due to liquidity constraints created by the hedge funds into which these vehicles invest.
A phasing adjustment and fanout buffer for distributing clock and control signals in high-speed digital systems

The design, implementation, and testing of a gallium arsenide phasing and fanout buffer are described. The integrated circuit provides a method for adjusting the phasing of high-speed clock and control signals in digital systems, without the need for pruning cables, multiplexing between cables of different lengths, delay lines, or similar techniques. The phase of signals distributed with the described buffer can be dynamically adjusted in eight different steps of approximately 60 ps per step. The IC also serves as a fanout buffer and provides 12 in-phase outputs. The buffer is useful for distributing high-speed clock and control signals in synchronous digital systems, especially if components are distributed over a large physical area or if there is a large number of components. >
Developing a Brucellosis Public Health Information and Awareness Campaign in Iraq

U.S. Army civil affairs public health professionals are deployed worldwide in support of current contingency operations to promote and to preserve the public health of the citizens of the occupied territory or host nation. In Iraq, they face the challenge of assisting a health care system plagued by years of neglect and inefficient bureaucracy. Iraqi efforts to track and to control infectious diseases, especially zoonotic diseases, are in their infancy. Brucellosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease of ruminants, is of particular concern in Iraq because of the close proximity of animals to humans and the cultural habits that favor disease dissemination among the population. A public health education and awareness campaign was recently developed in Ninewa Province, Iraq, to educate Iraqi citizens about brucellosis and ways to prevent it. The public health campaign used a two-pronged approach to effect change, i.e., (1) development of a social marketing campaign (public health education) about brucellosis and its prevention, with billboards, flyers, and public service announcements, and (2) mobilization of key veterinary institutions to participate in educating and training the public and farmers about brucellosis. The campaign used culturally relevant messages and was targeted to address local cultural practices, to lower disease transmission. Efforts were made to state messages using local terms and references. This approach may have utility in other public health efforts in Iraq and other postconflict stabilization operations.
Celebrities as norm entrepreneurs in international politics: Mia Farrow and the ‘Genocide Olympics’ campaign

How do celebrities go beyond the promotion of human rights causes to shape thinking around possible solutions? This article looks at celebrity activism in international politics by tracing Mia Farrow’s norm entrepreneurship of the term ‘Genocide Olympics’. Expanding on the concept of ‘celebrity diplomacy’, I utilise a norm-building ‘life cycle’ model to argue that a celebrity can not only amplify human rights issues but may also reshape non-governmental organisational and institutional policy frameworks. I contend that the ‘norm entrepreneurship’ of a celebrity lies outside of international forums like the United Nations and involves a more aggressive polemical approach, contrasting with previous understandings of celebrity engagement in international politics. While scholarship has viewed figures such as humanitarian actors and world leaders as norm entrepreneurs, this case demonstrates the capacity of a celebrity to convince the international community to embrace a new norm.
Hierarchies and relations among data types

The aim of this report is to show that, within the limits of what we know how to do efficiently with computers, it is possible to design a system of types that, to a good degree, models the conceptual hierarchies that we use in our everyday discourse.
Walking the Tightrope: Directing a Student Health Center at a Research Institution With an Academic Medical Center

Reporting lines for directors of student health centers (SHCs) at colleges and universities are a matter of continuing interest for those of us who must follow them. SHC directors at institutions with academic medical centers face a greater number of reporting choices that also have the potential of being more politically charged. The author describes his experience at 2 such institutions and offers some cautious advice.
microRNA regulation of endothelin-1 mRNA in renal collecting duct cells

Aims Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in control of Edn1 mRNA in several tissues. Here we examined the role of miRNA action on Edn1 mRNA expression in renal distal collecting duct cells.
In-Core Microwave Thermal Neutron Sensors

This paper presents the results of in-core experiments conducted to demonstrate the performance of microwave neutron flux detectors. For a microwave resonant cavity, a frequency shift, as caused by a neutron-generated plasma within the cavity, results in a detection technique capable of covering up to six decades of reactor power.
Synthesis of linear condensation polymer obtained by the reaction of 2,6-diaminotoluene with benzaldehyde

Abstract In the presence of acid, 2,6-diaminotoluene was reacted with benzaldehyde. The obtained polymer was characterized by 1H n.m.r. FTi.r. and U.v.-vis. spectroscopy, g.p.c. and elemental analysis. Model compounds were synthesized in order to confirm the chemical structure of the polymer.
Unexpected Winners: The Significance of an Open-List System on Women’s Representation in Poland

Scholars have debated the impact of open-list systems on women's representation. While some argue that open lists provide a unique opportunity for voters to overcome parties' bias against women, others argue that they create additional barriers. I examine several mechanisms that impact women's representation within Poland's open-list system. Results suggest that 1) voters shift women's original list placements positively across all parties over three elections; 2) these shifts are more pronounced when women's overall presence on the list and list placement are lower, regardless of party; and 3) positive shifts often result in the election of substantially more women than would have been expected. These findings add to our understanding of open-list systems by documenting variability in the effects of preferential voting across time and party in a postcommunist context. In addition, the unexpected positive effects of preferential voting in Poland add to a growing body of evidence that voters and parties on the center and right support female candidates at rates approaching or similar to parties on the left.
Development of the feminine gender role stress scale. A cognitive-behavioral measure of stress, appraisal, and coping for women.

The cognitive appraisal of threats and challenges to stereotypical feminine gender role coping behavior was defined as feminine gender role stress (FGRS). This article describes the development of ...
Evidence for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production by cultured porcine alveolar macrophages.

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that human alveolar and bone marrow macrophages when activated in vitro can metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin[3H]D3 to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin[3H]D3; however, to date no animal models to study this system have been available. In the present study, cultured porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages from two animals were assayed for their capability for metabolism of 25-hydroxy-vitamin[3H]D3. The porcine alveolar macrophages constitutively produced a metabolite of 25-hydroxy-vitamin[3H]D3 which was identified as 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin[3H]D3 by high performance liquid chromatography. The apparent KM was in the range of 300 nM. Unlike human macrophages, treatment of porcine alveolar macrophages with lipopolysaccharide did not stimulate lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin[3H]D3 production. Addition of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 to macrophages cultures led to a sensitive proportional inhibition of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin[3H]D3 synthesis.
Neurocognitive function in clinically stable men with bipolar I disorder or schizophrenia and normal control subjects

Background Patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have been shown to have neurocognitive deficits when compared with control subjects. The degree and pattern of impairment between psychiatric groups have rarely been compared, especially when subjects are psychiatrically stable. Methods Using a standard neurocognitive battery, we compared euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder ( n = 40), stable patients with schizophrenia ( n = 20), and subjects with no psychiatric disorder ( n = 22). The neurocognitive domains assessed included executive functioning, verbal memory, visual memory, procedural learning, visuoconstructive ability, and language functions. Effect sizes were calculated for each cognitive domain across groups. Results Stable schizophrenic subjects demonstrated a generalized cognitive impairment across most domains compared with control subjects, with average effect sizes of .9. Euthymic bipolar subjects were significantly impaired compared with control subjects only in executive functioning (Wisconsin Card Sorting Task) and verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test) domains (effect sizes in the .8–.9 range). Performance on the executive function measures was bimodal among bipolar subjects, suggesting two subgroups: one with relatively normal and one with impaired executive functioning. No significant differences between the bipolar patient group and control subjects were observed in visuoconstructive ability, procedural learning, or language function. Conclusions Both euthymic bipolar subjects and relatively stable schizophrenic subjects differed from control subjects in neurocognitive function. Among schizophrenic subjects, a generalized cognitive impairment was observed, and the degree of impairment was greater in the schizophrenic compared with the bipolar subjects. Subjects with bipolar disorder were impaired in two specific domains (verbal memory and executive function). Furthermore, within the bipolar group there was a subset with relatively normal executive functioning and a subset with significant impairment. Possible reasons for the persistence of these neurocognitive deficits in some subjects with bipolar disorder during periods of euthymia are reviewed.
Creating Web Services Using a Rule-Based Language

In spite of the fact that systems are ever growing in size, the demand for a short development cycle and high system reliability remains unchanged. Web services are drawing attention as a solution to such a demand. Another approach to developing a program in a short time is STAR (SofTware Architecture using Rule-based language). STAR uses a rule-based language called ESTR (Enhanced State Transition Rule) as a service program description language. ESTR is based on state transitions, and its specification is simple. In this paper, with the aim of applying STAR to the creation of Web services, we propose a platform for creating Web services using ESTR. Using ESTR, we have developed a new merged service made up of multiple services that use REST, and evaluated the proposed platform using this service.
Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance–pH monitoring to select patients with persistent gastro-oesophageal reflux for laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

Background: Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring detects gastro-oesophageal reflux and identifies acid and non-acid reflux events. It can be used in patients with persistent symptoms on proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication as a treatment for patients with persistent symptoms associated with reflux despite acid suppression documented by MII-pH monitoring. Method: A prospectively maintained database identified patients with persistent symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease despite PPI therapy who had undergone MII-pH monitoring and this was cross-referenced with patients who had undergone fundoplication at this institution. Follow-up after fundoplication was by periodic telephone interview and review of clinical records. Results: Of 200 evaluated patients, 19 (14 female; mean age 40 (range 0.7–78) years) underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Before surgery, 18 of 19 patients had a positive symptom index (at least half of symptoms associated with reflux) and one, a negative symptom index. After a mean follow-up of 14 (range 7–25) months, 16 of 17 (94 per cent) patients with a positive symptom index were asymptomatic or markedly improved (one patient was lost to follow-up). Persistent symptoms occurred in the patient with a negative symptom index, and one patient had recurrent symptoms after 9 months. Conclusion: Patients with a positive symptom index resistant to PPIs with non-acid or acid reflux demonstrated by MII-pH monitoring can be treated successfully by laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Copyright © 2006 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molybdenum and Zirconium Isotopes from a Supernova Neutron Burst

We analyze the nucleosynthesis implications of the recent discovery by M. J. Pellin and collaborators that two odd isotopes of molybdenum, 95Mo and 97Mo, are overabundant in type X SiC grains: X grains condensed within expanding supernova interiors. We find that a rapid release of neutrons (on a timescale of seconds) with fluence τ = 0.07-0.08 neutrons mbarn-1 produces the observed pattern by way of abundant production of progenitor radioactive Zr isotopes. This suggests that the condensing matter was in a supernova shell in which rapid burning was occurring at the time of ejection, probably owing to the passage of the shock wave from the core. Which shell, and the exact source of the neutrons, is still unknown, but we present a model based on the shock of an He shell.
VERNOR CLIFFORD FINCH, 1883–1959

(1961). VERNOR CLIFFORD FINCH, 1883–1959. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 339-342.
Multiple hemoglobins in Triturus cristatus: their degradation by sulfhydryl compounds.

Abstract 1. 1. Hemolysates of newt (Triturus cristatus) red cells contain four distinct hemoglobin species which have been observed consistently both in individual animals and pooled samples. 2. 2. Hemoglobin heterogeneity in the species arises from existence of multiple hemoglobins, with no indication of genetic polymorphism. 3. 3. While the relative proportions of the different hemoglobins may vary in different samples, HbII is usually the most abundant, with HbIII and HbIV constituting most of the remainder of the total hemoglobin complement. Hbl never exceeds 3–5% of the total hemoglobin. 4. 4. Neither the electrophoretic migration nor the anion exchange properties of the four hemoglobin species are altered by conversion of oxyhemoglobin to the cyanmet derivative, excluding artifacts due to different oxidation states of iron. 5. 5. The average molecular weight of newt total hemoglobin is 67,182 with no indication of hemoglobin polymers. 6. 6. The use of sulfhydryl-reducing agents (mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol) as a precaution against aggregation results in extensive degradation of newt hemoglobin through a process similar to “coupled oxidation” by ascorbate. 7. 7. The degradative effects of sulfhydryl-reducing agents on newt hemoglobin suggest that these reagents be used cautiously in any hemoglobin analysis.
Sequential enzymic activation as a means of increasing therapeutic efficiency of nitrogen mustards.

Abstract Chemical and biological activities of a series of derivatives of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N'-glycyl-p-phenylenediamine (A) have been compared with N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-phenylenediamine (B). The glycyl-mustard (A) and derivatives with N-acyl substituents in the glycine moiety had similar chemical reactivities which were considerably less than that of(B). The low values suggested that only borderline activity would be expected in antitumor tests unless enzymic activation occurred. A wide range of toxicity values and therapeutic indices was observed in a Walker carcinosarcoma-256 test system. There was a direct correlation between LD50 values and the rates of hydrolysis of the glycyl-mustard bond of (A) and of its N-acetyl and N-methylcarbamyl derivatives. (A) was rapidly hydrolyzed by rat tissue homogenates: the ratio of tumor/liver enzyme activities was small and the therapeutic index was small. N-Acetyl derivative of (A) was hydrolyzed at a moderate rate: tumor/liver enzyme activity was high and the therapeutic index was high. Similar relationships held when enzyme activity value of tumor was compared with that of ileum, spleen, or kidney. Evidence has been obtained which suggests that, with derivatives of (A), deacylation of the substituted amino acid moiety is the rate-limiting step for the subsequent enzymic release of (B).
HILL COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF TRANSMEMBRANE HELIX DIMERIZATION

Here, we employed the Hill equation, used broadly to characterize cooperativity in protein–ligand binding, to describe the dimerization of transmembrane (TM) helices in hydrophobic environments. The Hill analysis of wild-type fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) TM domain dimerization gives a Hill coefficient of ~1 for lipid bilayers but only ~0.2 for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. We propose that this finding is indicative of heterogeneity in FGFR3 TM dimer structure and stability in SDS micelles. We further speculate that (1) the Hill equation can be used as a tool to assess the existence of multiple structural states of TM dimers in different hydrophobic environments and (2) the structural heterogeneity, detectable by Hill analysis, may be the underlying reason for the broad peaks and the low resolution NMR studies of peptides in detergents.
Site-Specific Perturbations of Alpha-Synuclein Fibril Structure by the Parkinson's Disease Associated Mutations A53T and E46K

Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. These intracellular inclusions are largely composed of misfolded α-synuclein (AS), a neuronal protein that is abundant in the vertebrate brain. Point mutations in AS are associated with rare, early-onset forms of PD, although aggregation of the wild-type (WT) protein is observed in the more common sporadic forms of the disease. Here, we employed multidimensional solid-state NMR experiments to assess A53T and E46K mutant fibrils, in comparison to our recent description of WT AS fibrils. We made de novo chemical shift assignments for the mutants, and used these chemical shifts to empirically determine secondary structures. We observe significant perturbations in secondary structure throughout the fibril core for the E46K fibril, while the A53T fibril exhibits more localized perturbations near the mutation site. Overall, these results demonstrate that the secondary structure of A53T has some small differences from the WT and the secondary structure of E46K has significant differences, which may alter the overall structural arrangement of the fibrils.
Hospice and Self-Assessed Quality of Life in the Dying: A Review

This review summarizes the impact of hospice and palliative end-of-life care on the self-assessed quality of life (QoL) in terminally ill persons. Articles were included if researchers utilized at least two observations post–hospice admission and were published in English between January of 2000 and December 2012. Findings from included studies synthesize results of a variety of terminal patients (n = 1,017) across settings. Only one study utilized a non-treatment control group. The remaining studies compared variations of program inclusions, settings, or QoL scores across carcinoma site. The studies included indicated mixed outcomes related to the effect of hospice on QoL in the dying.
Assessment of Preschool Children's Peer-Related Social Competence

Educators view preschool children's peer-related social competence as a fundamental developmental process. Nevertheless, effective assessment of social competence by teachers for planning peer-related social competence interventions appears to be noticeably lacking in many preschools. One reason for the infrequent use of effective assessment strategies may be that many early childhood educators are not as knowledgeable about methods for measuring peer-related social competence as they are with procedures for assessing other developmental areas (e.g., cognitive abilities, language skills). Given the limited use of social competence assessments by teachers, we briefly review three assessment strategies for preschool children and make recommendations concerning practical assessment of preschoolers' peer-related social competence.
Cortical Reactivity and Habituation in Abused Children with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ♦ 662

Cortical Reactivity and Habituation in Abused Children with and without Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ♦ 662
Psychological profiles of rape crisis counselors.

To describe the psychological characteristics of volunteer rape crisis counselors, a battery of psychological tests was administered to 20 female counselors and 14 pediatric nurses. Groups were matched in age and education. Analyses of several measures, including the MMPI, showed counselors to be well-adjusted, open-minded, nonanxious, relatively assertive, profeminist, and individuals whose mood of vigor and activity leads them to seek out and enjoy new experiences.
Multiresolution wavelet analysis for SAR image segmentation using statistical separability measures

A wavelet-based algorithm for polarimetric SAR imagery segmentation is developed. It utilizes the property that under wavelet transform correlation is very weak among the intensity HH, HV, VV channels as well as among the subimages in the same channel to form the effective feature vector for parametric segmentation. The statistical separability measures including the Bhattacharyya distance and a separability inhomogeneity function (SIF) are employed to extract the most effective feature vector in the sense of minimizing SIF. The algorithm is applied to the supervised segmentation of the polarimetric SAR imagery of San Francisco Bay area. It shows a good segmentation performance and a significant computational reduction. The segmentation result is also favorably compared with that of Gaussian modeling or mixture Gaussian modeling under non-feature extraction representation.
Comparison and Representation Failures Both Cause Real-World Change Blindness

Change blindness (CB) occurs when people miss changes across views. Hypothetically, CB would occur if observers failed to represent information about the changing object, but CB would also occur if observers represented and failed to compare information across views, or represented only the pre- or post-change object. For a variety of reasons, previous studies have been unable to determine which of these alternatives contribute to CB in an incidental real-world setting. To address these ambiguities, we conducted two real-world experiments using stimuli that changed on only one feature and tested recognition memory for both the changing feature and a non-changing feature. Participants also provided confidence ratings on recognition responses, allowing us to test whether CB has multiple causes within a single task setting. The results suggest that, in a single real-world setting, CB can be caused by both a failure to represent and a failure to compare information across views.
Pulse voltammetric methods of analysis

The techniques of normal and differential pulse voltammetry are presented together with equations describing these techniques. A number of specific applications for both differential and normal pulse, including determination of As III in sewage and the determination of sulphide, are presented. Advantages of amperometric titrations in eliminating ‘background’ errors are shown, with the titration of Cu II with EDTA as a specific example. The use of square-wave voltammetry, a new, rapid-pulse technique, is presented, and an application in which this technique is employed in an electrochemical high performance chromatographic detector used for nitrosamine analysis is discussed.
Interaction of ethanol with the GABAA receptor in the rat brain: possible involvement of endogenous steroids.

Abstract The effect of ethanol on the binding of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, [ 3 H]muscimol, to crude synaptosomal membranes prepared from various rat brain regions was investigated, in vitro, at 37°C. Ethanol altered specific muscimol binding in a biphasic manner—reducing it at concentrations 10 mM. The former effect was due to a decrease of the receptor affinity for an agonist, and the latter, due to an increase of the receptor density. Ethanol interfered also with the effects of "GABAergic" modulatory steroids on muscimol binding. This suggests that steroid-ethanol interactions, occurring at the level of the plasma membrane, may be involved in the molecular mechanism of action of ethanol on the GABA A receptor.
NEONATAL METATARSUS ADDUCTUS, JOINT MOBILITY, AXIS AND ROTATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY IN TERM AND PRETERM BORN CHILDREN AT 5 YEARS OF AGE

NEONATAL METATARSUS ADDUCTUS, JOINT MOBILITY, AXIS AND ROTATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY IN TERM AND PRETERM BORN CHILDREN AT 5 YEARS OF AGE
Why I want to be an Engineer

Knowing why students select engineering as a course of study is a first step toward capturing their interest, and providing the insights and encouragement they need to complete the challenging journey. Short-essay input on the topic "Why I Want to be an Engineer" has been collected on the first day of class from first-year engineering students, at two institutions, and over a 9-year period. These qualitative records are analyzed to reveal general correlations between choice of major and the student's perceived personal attributes, his or her wants and desires and guidance he or she may have received from adult acquaintances or mentors. Information collection and analysis methods are discussed and comparative results are provided covering seven classes between 1997 and 2005.
Extending CSP to Allow Dynamic Resource Management

In his paper "Communicating Sequential Processes," Hoare suggested the use of the input/output construct and Dijkstra's guarded commands for handling the task of communication and synchronization in distributed systems. Hoare's proposal was intended for programming general parallel systems; as a result, little consideration was given by Hoare to the question of how his mechanisms could be utilized in the construction of reliable dynamic resource management schemes. In this paper, we examine this problem and propose several simple extensions to Hoare's constructs that will make the extended Communicating Sequential Processes concept more suitable for the handling of such management schemes.
Estimating price expectations in the OTC medicine market: An application of dynamic stochastic discrete choice models to scanner panel data

This paper examines the differences in managerial implications of dynamic and reduced-form models when the models are applied to brand choice behavior in the over-the-counter (OTC) back and leg ache medicine market. The models we develop are useful to brand managers and researchers who are interested in dynamic factors that influence choice such as prior experience with brands, future price expectations, and an overall concern for the future. The key findings of our research are that the dynamic model is supported by the data over the single-period model; that past experience with a brand matters in current choice; that consumers' price expectations influence their current choices; and that expectations follow a distinct pattern.
1383 PROLONGED TREATMENT OF THE PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)WITH INDOMETHACIN(IM)

IM has been widely accepted as a safe and effective method for closure of the PDA in the very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Suggestions for prolonged IM treatment in these VLBW infants have been advocated to obtain adequate closure of the PDA. Therefore, this study was undertaken as a controlled clinical trial to compare 2 dosage regimens of IM and their effectiveness in the closure of the PDA. All infants <1500 gms who had a Contrast echocardiogram for a PDA were randomized to one of 2 groups: maintenance (M) or non-maintenance (NM). The M group received 2 doses of IM OG 12 hrs apart and were then placed on M IM for 5 days. The NM group only received 2 doses of IM OG 12 hrs apart. 69 infants have been entered into the study: 33 in the M group and 36 in the NM group. 23/33 (70%) in the M group and 20/36 (55%) in the NM group had negative follow-up echo after the 1st 2 doses of IM. 10 days after the initial dose of IM 5/20 in the NM group had reopened their PDA as compared to 0/23 in the M group (p<0.025). 11 infants in the M group and 1 additional infant in the NM group reopened their PDA at an average age of 35 days as evaluated by clinical and radiographic criteria. The data suggests that by giving M IM for 6 days after birth, there is a lower rate of ductal reopening during the acute stage of illness. The late ductal reopening does occur in both groups although it had little clinical significance at this late stage.
Truncating sample weights reduces variance

Abstract A simple proof is given to confirm the intuitive notion that truncation of extreme sample weights in a complex design sample survey for the estimation of the mean reduces the variance.
Thallium-201 lung uptake and peak treadmill exercise first-pass ejection fraction

Increased thallium-201 lung uptake immediately after exercise has been shown (1) to be a marker for extensive coronary artery disease, (2) to correlate with low rest and exercise left ventricular ejection fraction by supine gated blood pool scintigraphy, and (3) to be a powerful independent predictor of future cardiac events. Exercise left ventricular ejection fraction measured during upright exercise by the first-pass technique has also been shown to be a powerful independent prognostic variable. Combined perfusion and exercise left ventricular ejection fraction can be acquired by using the technetium 99m-based myocardial perfusion agents and offers an alternative protocol to stress/redistribution thallium imaging. It is therefore clinically important to understand the relation between exercise lung heart thallium uptake and exercise left ventricular ejection fraction. Accordingly, both these measurements were acquired in 38 patients with documented coronary artery disease who underwent two treadmill exercise studies. Parameters obtained from the first-pass study that are known to affect lung thallium uptake were correlated with exercise lung/heart thallium ratios; lung/heart ratios were used in a model to predict exercise left ventricular ejection fraction values. Exercise left ventricular ejection fraction and peak filling rate showed significant negative correlations with thallium lung/heart ratio, but the first-pass variables examined were not independently predictive of thallium lung uptake. The chance of finding an abnormal thallium lung/heart ratio at exercise LVEF of 40% is only 52%, whereas the chance of finding an abnormal ratio at exercise LVEF of 30% is 74%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Io's Magnetospheric Interaction: An MHD Model with Day-Night Asymmetry

In this paper we present the results of all improved three-dimensional MHD model for Io's interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere. We have included the day-night asymmetry into the spatial distribution of our mass-loading, which allowed us to reproduce several smaller features or the Galileo December 1995 data set. The calculation is performed using our newly modified description of the pick-up processes that accounts for the effects of the corotational electric field existing in the Jovian magnetosphere. This change in the formulation of the source terms for the MHD equations resulted in significant improvements in the comparison with the Galileo measurements. We briefly discuss the limitations of our model and possible future improvements.