cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pilot structure for Doppler scaling estimation in multicarrier communications

This paper examines the application of a packet format that we introduce for Doppler scaling estimation in multicarrier signals. Both orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and filterbank multicarrier (FBMC) signals are examined in an at-sea experiment. We also investigate the use of non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) for compensation of Doppler scaling effects. The proposed packet format takes advantage of a few null subcarriers that are introduced for detection of the Doppler scaling that have been introduced due to the mobility of the communicating vehicles.
Band-to-band tunneling and thermal generation gate-induced drain leakage

MOSFET oxide scaling for DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) applications can be limited by gate-induced diode leakage, which has been shown previously by experiments at cryogenic temperatures to consist of a thermal volume generation and a band-to-band tunneling mechanism. Tunneling is the dominant mechanism at relatively higher voltages and cryogenic temperatures. The authors have studied the leakage as a function of low applied bias and made low-temperature measurements (25 K to 400 K) of this mechanism, using a submicrometer N/sup +/ polysilicon gate CMOS process. They have also studied the tunnel current dependence on gate-to-drain bias, dielectric thickness, gate-to-drain overlap, flatband voltage and bandgap narrowing for n- and p-channel devices. Experimentally the leakage current characteristic satisfies an exp(-B/E/sub s/) relationship, where E/sub s/ is the electric field at the silicon dioxide-silicon interface. The coefficient B contains the tunneling temperature dependence. The leakage current has strong oxide-thickness, flatband, and voltage dependencies. By withdrawing the diffusion edge, thereby reducing the overlap area, the tunnel current decreases and has a gate voltage dependency. The gated-diode leakage impact on MOSFET dielectric scaling can be reduced by scaling gate-to-diffusion overlap. >
Field ion microscope studies of solute atoms in dilute Pt alloys—II. Distributions and interactions of Au and Ni atoms

Abstract Previous work (Part 1) has established that the position of each Au and Ni solute atom in dilute solution in Pt can be identified in the field ion microscope (FIM) as an α-dark spot. In the present work the exact positions of large numbers of solute atoms in the lattice were first determined from measurements of α-dark spot positions on cine films which were taken during the pulsed field evaporation of several dilute binary alloys in the FIM. From these data radial distribution functions were generated, and solute-solute interaction energies up to 9th nearest-neighbors were calculated using the Clapp-Moss model. Heats of mixing were then calculated from the interaction energies. The research was aided by specially developed computer techniques which included displaying the solute atom distributions in a rotatable coordinate system. The results indicate clustering of Au atoms and ordering (anti-clustering) of Ni atoms as expected generally from previous thermodynamic data. The calculated heats of mixing were generally consistent with measured values. It was concluded that the FIM can be used, under appropriate conditions, as an effective tool for studying solute atom distributions.
Contrast-Enhanced MRI-Guided Photodynamic Cancer Therapy with a Pegylated Bifunctional Polymer Conjugate

Purpose To study contrast-enhanced MRI guided photodynamic therapy with a pegylated bifunctional polymer conjugate containing an MRI contrast agent and a photosensitizer for minimally invasive image-guided cancer treatment.
A double-blind study of the effect on hemostasis of nabumetone (Relafen®) compared to placebo

A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the effect on hemostasis of nabumetone (Relafen ® ) to placebo in patients who were about to undergo forefoot surgery was performed. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are reported to inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase activity, resulting in altered platelet function and thus potentially enhanced bleeding. Nabumetone has been reported to have no effect on platelet aggregation and bleeding time in normal volunteers and in patients who have undergone knee arthroscopy. After fulfilling the inclusion criteria and after a 1-week washout period (acetaminophen controlled), 15 patients were enrolled in the nabumetone group and 15 patients were randomized in the placebo group. Hemostatic parameters (prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and Ivy bleeding time (IBT)] were assessed at baseline, visit 2, visit 3, and final visit. No meaningful differences were observed between treatment groups in any of the measured hemostatic parameters. No significant adverse events were reported. There was no significant change from baseline for PT, PTT, and IBT in the nabumetone group (PT, p
Horizontal turbulent energy transfer associated with a great lakes coastal current

The small-scale surface structure of the Keweenaw Current in Lake Superior was measured using aerial photogrammetric techniques several times during the summers of 1971 and 1972. The transfer of kinetic energy from the mean flow by the action of the Reynolds stresses is calculated. Energy transfers both to and from the mean flow occur, and are a significant fraction of the mean kinetic energy. The results suggest that such transfers result mainly in a long-current redistribution of energy. The direction of energy transfer may be related to wind direction: along-current winds occur in conjunction with transfer from the mean flow, cross-current winds with transfer to the mean flow. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1975.tb01689.x
WAVE2 Regulates High-Affinity Integrin Binding by Recruiting Vinculin and Talin to the Immunological Synapse

T-cell-receptor (TCR)-mediated integrin activation is required for T-cell-antigen-presenting cell conjugation and adhesion to extracellular matrix components. While it has been demonstrated that the actin cytoskeleton and its regulators play an essential role in this process, no mechanism has been established which directly links TCR-induced actin polymerization to the activation of integrins. Here, we demonstrate that TCR stimulation results in WAVE2-ARP2/3-dependent F-actin nucleation and the formation of a complex containing WAVE2, ARP2/3, vinculin, and talin. The verprolin-connecting-acidic (VCA) domain of WAVE2 mediates the formation of the ARP2/3-vinculin-talin signaling complex and talin recruitment to the immunological synapse (IS). Interestingly, although vinculin is not required for F-actin or integrin accumulation at the IS, it is required for the recruitment of talin. In addition, RNA interference of either WAVE2 or vinculin inhibits activation-dependent induction of high-affinity integrin binding to VCAM-1. Overall, these findings demonstrate a mechanism in which signals from the TCR produce WAVE2-ARP2/3-mediated de novo actin polymerization, leading to integrin clustering and high-affinity binding through the recruitment of vinculin and talin.
SMRT analysis of MTOC and nuclear positioning reveals the role of EB1 and LIC1 in single-cell polarization

In several migratory cells, the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is repositioned between the leading edge and nucleus, creating a polarized morphology. Although our understanding of polarization has progressed as a result of various scratch-wound and cell migration studies, variations in culture conditions required for such assays have prevented a unified understanding of the intricacies of MTOC and nucleus positioning that result in cell polarization. Here, we employ a new SMRT (for sparse, monolayer, round, triangular) analysis that uses a universal coordinate system based on cell centroid to examine the pathways regulating MTOC and nuclear positions in cells plated in a variety of conditions. We find that MTOC and nucleus positioning are crucially and independently affected by cell shape and confluence; MTOC off-centering correlates with the polarization of single cells; acto-myosin contractility and microtubule dynamics are required for single-cell polarization; and end binding protein 1 and light intermediate chain 1, but not Par3 and light intermediate chain 2, are required for single-cell polarization and directional cell motility. Using various cellular geometries and conditions, we implement a systematic and reproducible approach to identify regulators of MTOC and nucleus positioning that depend on extracellular guidance cues.
PHENOLOGICAL NOTES ON A NON-MIGRATING POPULATION OF PINEUS FLOCCUS (HOMOPTERA: CHERMIDAE)

Pineus floccus Patch is an occasional pest of ornamental spruces in eastern North America which produces unsightly galls at branch extremities. Damage to the specific alternate host, eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.), may result in lateral shoot injury similar to that reported for P. pinifoliae (Fitch) by DeBoo, Dimond, and Lowe (1964). However, outbreaks of P. floccus are uncommon, with populations regulated at low levels throughout most of its distribution.
Art and/or Revolution: The Matter of Painting in Postwar Japan

Japanese art critics of the 1950s perceived the locus of a new materialist aesthetics in the new trends of informal abstraction emanating from the United States and France. This revealed a stark contrast with the idea of individual freedom that informed North-American discourse on Abstract Expressionism. Focusing on the writings of Miyakawa Atsushi, Haryū Ichirō, and Segi Shinichi, this article explores the political significance of the question of matter in Japanese postwar art criticism and indicates its importance for the subsequent development of avant-garde art in 1960s Japan.
Excretion of catechol after ingestion of quinic and shikimic acids.

THE detection of catechol in acid-hydrolysed normal human urine and cow's urine was reported recently by von Euler and Lishajko1. The origin of the catechol was not known. The excretion of hippuric acid in the urine of man after oral ingestion of calcium quinate was reported by Lautemann in 18632. It occurred to us that if an aromatic ring can be formed in the animal body from quinic acid (1 : 3 : 4 : 5-tetrahydroxycyclohexane carboxylic acid), then urinary catechol might have a similar origin. Further, an exogenous (dietary) precursor is implicated since we are unable to detect catechol in the urine of rats fed a highly purified diet. Quinic and shikimic acids are known to be present in edible plants.
On the efficiency of Newton's method in approximating all zeros of a system of complex polynomials

This paper studies the efficiency of an algorithm based on Newton's method is approximating all zeros of a system of polynomials f = (f1, f2, …, fn): ℂn → ℂn. The criteria for a successful approximation y of a zero w of f include the following: given ϵ > 0, y is within distance ϵ of w; Newton's method applied to f and initiated at y results in quadratic convergence to w; given ϵ > 0, |fi(y)| < ϵ for all i = 1, 2, …, n, where | | is the Euclidean norm on ℂ. It is shown that, probabilistically, each zero of f is successfully approximated within a determined number of steps.
Influence of Digitoxin on Labile and Inorganic Phosphates, Lactate, Glycogen, Potassium and Sodium in Dog Ventricle

This communication deals with the effects produced by digitoxin on the metabolism of the dog's ventricles as indicated by changes in labile and inorganic phosphates, lactate, glycogen, potassium and sodium content of the myocardium immediately frozen after excision. The results suggest increased turnover of high energy phosphate and glycogen by nontoxic doses.
An energy-efficient skew compensation technique for high-speed skew-sensitive signaling

Presented in this paper is an energy-efficient skew compensation technique referred to as the resistance-based distributed clock deskew (RDSK) technique. In comparison with the existing clock deskew techniques, the proposed RDSK technique achieves significant power reduction while maintaining effective in skew management. Furthermore, the proposed RDSK provides a better scalability for future technology scaling. Simulation results of an on-chip interconnect communication system with distributed receivers designed in a 0.10 /spl mu/m CMOS process demonstrate 20%-51% power reduction over the existing techniques. The proposed RDSK is an essential element of our adaptive timing framework where circuit performance can be adjusted adaptively in response to time-varying disturbances and uncertainties.
Vincristine activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in vivo.

Aims The authors’ aim was to conduct a proof-of-principle study to test whether c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and Noxa induction occur in peripheral blood chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells in patients receiving a vincristine infusion. Methods Patients with CLL received 2 mg vincristine by a 5-min intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected at baseline and up to 6 h after the vincristine infusion, and assayed for JNK activation, Noxa induction and vincristine plasma concentrations. Results Ex vivo treated peripheral CLL cells activated JNK in response to 10–100 nM vincristine in 6 h. Noxa protein expression, while variable, was also observed over this time frame. In CLL patients, vincristine infusion led to rapid (<1 h) JNK phosphorylation in peripheral blood CLL cells which was sustained for at least 4–6 h after the vincristine infusion. Noxa protein expression was not observed in response to vincristine infusion. Conclusions This study confirmed that vincristine can activate JNK but not induce Noxa in CLL cells in vivo. The results suggest that novel JNK-dependent drug combinations with vincristine warrant further investigation.
Effects of shear and electrical properties on flow characteristics of pharmaceutical blends

This article examines the effects and interactions of shear rate, shear strain on electrical and flow properties of pharmaceutical blends. An unexpectedly strong relation between the flow and passive electrical properties of powders is observed to depend on the shear history of the powder bed. Charge density, impedance, dielectrophoresis, flow index, and dilation were measured for several pharmaceutical blends after they were subjected to a controlled shear environment. It was found that the increase in the shear strain intensified the electrical properties for blends that did not contain MgSt. The opposite effect was found in blends lubricated with MgSt. Different shear conditions resulted in different correlations between flow index and dilation. Flow properties of powders were found to improve with continuous exposure to shear strain. It was also found that flow properties correlated to charge acquisition and impedance for different shear treatments. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
A unifying concept for astrobiology

Evolution, broadly construed, has become a powerful unifying concept in much of science - not only in the biological evolution of plants and animals, but also in the physical evolution of stars and planets, and the cultural evolution of society and its many varied products. This paper (1) explores the bulk structure and functioning of open, non-equilibrium, thermodynamic systems relevant to the interdisciplinary field of astrobiology, (2) places the astrobiological landscape into an even larger, cosmological context, (3) defines life, complexity and evolution writ large, (4) claims that life depends ultimately on the expansion of the Universe and the flow of energy derived therefrom and (5) proposes a quantitative metric to characterize the rise of complexity throughout all of natural history. That metric is neither information nor negentropy, for these inveterate yet qualitative terms cannot be quantified, nor even defined, to everyone's satisfaction in today's scientific community. Rather, the newly proposed metric is normalized energy flow, a revision of a long-cherished term - energy - that is physically intuitive, well defined and readily measurable. All ordered systems - from rocky planets and shining stars, to buzzing bees and redwood trees - can be best judged empirically and uniformly by gauging the amount of energy acquired, stored and expressed by those systems. Appeals to anthropism are unnecessary to appreciate the impressive hierarchy of the cosmic evolutionary narrative, including a technological civilization that now embraces an energetics agenda designed to better understand, and perhaps to unify, all the natural sciences. This paper concerns the 'big picture', placing the newly emerging subject of astrobiology into a wider, cosmological perspective. It addresses few things specifically, but many things generally ; the details are found elsewhere, notably in some of the references provided. It stresses especially the interface between physics and biology, and, in keeping with the charge presented at Windsor Castle, explores whether the origin and evolution of life is natural, inevitable or 'fine- tuned '. Although the majority of those relatively few workers seeking unification in science today embrace aspects of quantum gravity - a grand synthesis of quantum mechanics and relativity theory considered by some a holy grail - other, less exotic roads toward unification exist. To be sure, when looking out the window, we see no elementary strings, no 11 dimensions and no multiple universes - principal features of currently fashionable efforts to merge the very big and the very small. Instead, we sense mainly, and especially when aided by technology, the very complex. We observe a single Universe of four dimensions, populated with, details aside, galaxies, stars, planets and life forms. Furthermore, a clear chronological trend among those objects displays a rise in complexity throughout all of natural history, and it is on the basis of that simple verity of growing complexity that I strive to build a unifying, cosmic, evolutionary synthesis, from big bang to humankind (Chaisson 2001).
Avalanche: A Hierarchical, Divisive Clustering Algorithm

Hierarchical clustering has been successfully used in many applications, such as bioinformatics and social sciences. In this paper, we introduce Avalanche, a new top-down hierarchical clustering approach that takes a dissimilarity matrix as its input. Such a tool can be used for applications where the dataset is partitioned based on pairwise distances among the examples, such as taxonomy generation tools and molecular biology applications in which dissimilarity among gene sequences are used as inputs -- as opposed to flat file attribute/value pair datasets. The proposed algorithm uses local as well as global information to recursively split data associated with a tree node into two sub-nodes until some predefined termination condition is met. To split a node, initially the example that is furthest away from the other examples -- the anti-medoid -- is assigned to right sub-node and then additional examples are progressively assigned to this node which are nearest neighbors of the previously added example as long as a given objective function improves. Experimental evaluations done with artificial and real world datasets show that the new approach has improved speed, and obtained comparable clustering results as the well-known UPGMA algorithm on all datasets used in the experiment.
Agile Software Product Lines - A Working Session

Agile software development and software product line engineering are both successful approaches to the development of software-intensive products, but can the planning driven approach of product lines be effectively integrated with the opportunistic approach of agile techniques? This is a difficult question to answer since each broad strategy refers to a family of possible methods.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip

Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as MR arthrography (MRA) have been important diagnostic tools to assess for a spectrum of clinical presentations related to the hip. MRA has allowed the radiologist to closely examine intracapsular structures such as the acetabular labrum. In this article, we provide a general review of soft tissue and osseous anatomy of hips, especially focusing on the MR appearances of the acetabular labrum and the osseous morphology of the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity with their muscle and tendon attachments. In addition, current topics in recent literature will be discussed such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and rotator cuff tears of the hip.
Sectional delineation of sexual Tripsacum dactyloides-T. maizar allotriploids.

In recent studies it was determined that certain allotriploids produced from crosses of sexual diploidTripsacum dactyloides (2 n = 2 x = 36), sectionTripsacum and apomictic tetraploid T. maizar(2 n = 4x = 72), section Fasciculata reproduce sexually. Backcrossing progenies can be clearly classified to either sect. Tripsacum or sect. Fasciculata due to their distinctively different inflorescence phenotype. More importantly, the sectional delineation of the progeny shifted in the direction of the pollinator through genome substitution, which is not to be expected following just one generation of backcrossing in a normal breeding program. Our main objective was to investigate whether there were potential genetic differences between the genomes from sect. Tripsacum and sect. Fasciculata at the molecular level that correlate with such morphological shifts in these unusual sexual allotriploids. Cluster analysis based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of these sexual allotriploids clearly indicated that substantial differences among many loci do exist between T. dactyloides and T. maizar. These results support the taxonomic classification of Tripsacum species into section Tripsacum and sectionFasciculata .
Direct Contact Melting of a Packed Bed

Direct contact melting of a packed bed is studied experimentally. The effect of several parameters, including material properties, particle size, bed loading (applied external force), and thermal boundary conditions, is examined. Two types of melting are observed. If the load on the bed is small and the top of the bed is maintained at a temperature below the melting temperature, then crusting can occur. During this type of melting liquid flows away from the heated surface due to capillary action, and resolidifies forming a crust. The crust prevents downward movement of the packed bed, and melting of the solids below the crust results from convection and conduction. Eventually the crust is melted and the process repeats itself, resulting in a highly unsteady melting rate. If the bed load and the temperature at the top of the bed are sufficiently high, then direct contact melting persists. In this case the melting rate is steady and the parametric behavior can be predicted using a modification of an available theory for direct contact melting of monolithic solids. Although this theory accurately predicts the parametric behavior, the prediction of the actual melting rate is more than an order of magnitude higher than the experimental results.
Discrete Probability Distributions

This article provides an overview of the most popular discrete probability distributions. Both univariate and multivariate distributions are discussed. The distributions covered in this article are: Bernoulli, binomial, geometric, hypergeometric, multinomial, negative binomial, Poisson, and discrete uniform.
Health Care Reform and Reproductive Rights: Sex Equality Arguments for Abortion Coverage in a National Plan

The national health insurance reform effort threatens to reduce the number of women who have health insurance coverage for abortions. Instead of evaluating whether the Supreme Court would invalidate restrictions on coverage, I employ a model of legislative constitutionalism that presents arguments for why Congress must independently consider the constitutionality of imposing restrictions on abortion in national health insurance legislation. I argue that Congress’s debate over abortion coverage in a national health insurance scheme should recognize the ways in which state regulation of women’s reproductive capacities violates Equal Protection principles.
Description and Evaluation of a Method for Field Application of Heliothis zea Eggs and Kairomones for Trichogramma

Eggs of Heliothis zea (Boddie) were applied to plants using a pneumatic sprayer with solution of Plantgard® as an adhesive. The pneumatic sprayer was also used for the application of kairomones to plants in the field. The Plantgard did not affect the acceptability of the eggs by the parasite Trichogramma evanescens Westwood and had no antagonistic effect on the kairomone tricosane.
Fabrication, Performance, and Reliability of InP-Based HBTs

Over the past 10 years, heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have progressed to where integrated circuit (IC) products are being sold and foundry services are being commercially offered utilizing gallium arsenide (GaAs) based technology. We will discuss, here, an alternative HBT technology based on indium phosphide (InP). While this technology is less mature than its GaAs counterpart, it offers several attractive benefits in comparison with GaAs. These benefits are provided through several key material properties of InP and ternary compound semiconductors, eg. gallium indium arsenide (GaInAs), grown on the InP. We review the status of this npn HBT technology and present performance results which illustrate the benefits of the technology with respect to electronic applications. Finally, we present measured reliability data for this technology which shows outstanding projected lifetimes.
Surveillance analysis on influenza in Luoyang from 2010 to 2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Luoyang and discuss the circulation of subtype influenza viruses,so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of influenza.Methods The analysis was conducted on the surveillance and etiological detection data of influenza like illness(ILI) in Luoyang from 2010 to 2012.Results A total of 24 805 ILI cases were reported from April of 2010 to March of 2012.The ILI cases accounted for 4.41% of the total outpatient and emergency visits,and the ILI cases were mainly children younger than 15 years old.Totally 2 974 samples were collected from ILI cases,in which 270 were positive in influenza virus nucleic acid detection,and the positive rate was 9.08%.36 strains of influenza virus were isolated,including 26 strains of B virus / Victoria lineage,6 strains of B virus / Yamagate lineage,3 strains of seasonal A(H3) virus and 1 strain of A(H1N1) virus.The positive rate was 9.73%.Conclusions The seasonality of influenza virus circulation was obvious in Luoyang,the incidence peak periods were in winter and spring.Seasonal A(H3) virus and B virus were the predominant strains.
Results of monitoring of pneumonia and unknown pneumonia cases in Changsha city from 2009 to 2013

Objective To analyze the results of monitoring of pneumonia and unknown ppneumonia cases in Chansha cityfrom 2009 to 2013. Method The data of pneumonia cases and febrile cases of unknown origin in 48 hosptials in Changhsacity from 2009- 2013 were collected by Changsha Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The results wereanalyzed. Results From 2009 to 2013, no unknown pneumonia cases were reported in Changsha,the proportion of febrilepneumonia cases occupied 3.37%-7.87% of the total cases hospitalized, and 4.44%-18.03% of the hospitalized pneumoniacase were severe pneumonia cases and reached high peaks in September and next April. The fatality rate of hospitalized severepneumonia cases was between 1.29% to 17.65% and highly from January to April and July to September each year.Conclusion The febrile pneumonia cases and hospitalized severe pneumonia cases occurred frequently in winter and spring,and the mortality of severe pneumonia cases reached high in autumn and spring. The incidence of children with febrilepneumonia in Changsha was high with proportion of severe condition and low fatality rate.
Analysis of driver injury severity in wrong-way driving crashes on controlled-access highways

For more than five decades, wrong-way driving (WWD) has been notorious as a traffic safety issue for controlled-access highways. Numerous studies and efforts have tried to identify factors that contribute to WWD occurrences at these sites in order to delineate between WWD and non-WWD crashes. However, none of the studies investigate the effect of various confounding variables on the injury severity being sustained by the at-fault drivers in a WWD crash. This study tries to fill this gap in the existing literature by considering possible variables and taking into account the ordinal nature of injury severity using three different ordered-response models: ordered logit or proportional odds (PO), generalized ordered logit (GOL), and partial proportional odds (PPO) model. The findings of this study reveal that a set of variables, including driver's age, condition (i.e., intoxication), seatbelt use, time of day, airbag deployment, type of setting, surface condition, lighting condition, and type of crash, has a significant effect on the severity of a WWD crash. Additionally, a comparison was made between the three proposed methods. The results corroborate that the PPO model outperforms the other two models in terms of modeling injury severity using our database. Based on the findings, several countermeasures at the engineering, education, and enforcement levels are recommended.
Elevated Resistin Gene Expression in African American Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Negative Breast Cancer

Introduction African American (AA) women diagnosed with breast cancer are more likely to have aggressive subtypes. Investigating differentially expressed genes between patient populations may help explain racial health disparities. Resistin, one such gene, is linked to inflammation, obesity, and breast cancer risk. Previous studies indicated that resistin expression is higher in serum and tissue of AA breast cancer patients compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients. However, resistin expression levels have not been compared between AA and CA patients in a stage- and subtype-specific context. Breast cancer prognosis and treatments vary by subtype. This work investigates differential resistin gene expression in human breast cancer tissues of specific stages, receptor subtypes, and menopause statuses in AA and CA women. Methods Differential gene expression analysis was performed using human breast cancer gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We performed inter-race resistin gene expression level comparisons looking at receptor status and stage-specific data between AA and CA samples. DESeq was run to test for differentially expressed resistin values. Results Resistin RNA was higher in AA women overall, with highest values in receptor negative subtypes. Estrogen-, progesterone-, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- negative groups showed statistically significant elevated resistin levels in Stage I and II AA women compared to CA women. In inter-racial comparisons, AA women had significantly higher levels of resistin regardless of menopause status. In whole population comparisons, resistin expression was higher among Stage I and III estrogen receptor negative cases. In comparisons of molecular subtypes, resistin levels were significant higher in triple negative than in luminal A breast cancer. Conclusion Resistin gene expression levels were significantly higher in receptor negative subtypes, especially estrogen receptor negative cases in AA women. Resistin may serve as an early breast cancer biomarker and possible therapeutic target for AA breast cancer.
Measurement of muscle food spoilage using fluorescence imaging

A conventional fluorescence microscope is used to detect muscle foods (meat and poultry) spoilage. Fluorescence images are acquired based on native intrinsic tissue emission at selective excitation wavelengths. Multivariate data analysis algorithm, e.g. nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is used to unmix the fluorescence signal due to different native fluorohpores. Relative concentrations of these fluorophores are retrieved and used to detect the spoilage of the meat. The method can potentially be used to design a portable device which may utilize a conventional color camera such as a cell phone camera for data acquisition and analysis, and achieve rapid in-situ spoilage detection.
Design for Electrical and Computer Engineers

This book is written for students and teachers engaged in electrical and computer engineering (ECE) design projects, primarily in the senior year. It guides students and faculty through the steps necessary for the successful execution of design projects. The objective of the text is to provide a treatment of the design process in ECE with a sound academic basis that is integrated with practical application. It has a strong guiding vision -- that a solid understanding of the Design Process, Design Tools, and the right mix of Professional Skills are critical for project and career success. This text is unique in providing a comprehensive design treatment for ECE. Table of contents Part I – The Engineering Design Process Chapter 1: The Engineering Design Process Chapter 2: Project Selection and Needs Identification Chapter 3: The Requirements Specification Chapter 4: Concept Generation and Evaluation Part II – Design Tools Chapter 5: System Design I: Functional Decomposition Chapter 6: System Design II: Behavior Models Chapter 7: Testing Chapter 8: System Reliability Part III – Professional Skills Chapter 9: Teams and Teamwork Chapter 10: Project Management Chapter 11: Ethical and Legal Issues Chapter 12: Oral Presentations Appendices References Appendix A Glossary Appendix B Decision Making with Analytical Hierarchy ProcessAppendix C Component Failure Rate Data Appendix D Manufacturer Datasheets Index
The Failure of Federal Incorporation Law

Corporate law scholars have long debated whether state-to-state competition for charters created a race to the top or a race to the bottom. In 2003, Mark Roe entered this debate, arguing, “Whether or not the states are racing, and whether they are racing to the top or to the bottom, we live in a federal system where Washington can, and often does, take over economic issues of national importance.” Given Washington’s tendency to take corporate lawmaking power away from the states, Roe explained, “we have never had, and we never could have had, a full state-to-state race in corporate law.” Roe’s pivot to the Washington-Delaware relationship and his emphasis on the power of federal corporate law makers to trump Delaware are important moves in the debate over the determinants of American corporate law. Yet Roe’s analysis raises the obvious question: Why does Congress allow Delaware to grab the agenda-setting power, allocating for itself (and its affiliates) only the ex post decision of whether to displace Delaware? Why permit Delaware to have the first crack at making corporate law? This essay sheds light on the question of why Congress does not displace the states in the important task of making corporate law. It does so by looking back at an important element in the story of Delaware’s domination of corporate law: the failure of Congress to implement federal incorporation. In 1908, during the last year of the Theodore Roosevelt’s final term as President, Congress had what may have been its best opportunity to enact a federal incorporation law — the Hepburn bill of 1908. After recounting the fate of the Hepburn bill, this essay finds some support for Roe’s explanation that the alignment of interests and scandal has never been right for the full nationalization of corporate law.
Pairing of near-ultraviolet solar cells with electrochromic windows for smart management of the solar spectrum

Current smart window technologies offer dynamic control of the optical transmission of the visible and near-infrared portions of the solar spectrum to reduce lighting, heating and cooling needs in buildings and to improve occupant comfort. Solar cells harvesting near-ultraviolet photons could satisfy the unmet need of powering such smart windows over the same spatial footprint without competing for visible or infrared photons, and without the same aesthetic and design constraints. Here, we report organic single-junction solar cells that selectively harvest near-ultraviolet photons, produce open-circuit voltages eclipsing 1.6 V and exhibit scalability in power generation, with active layers (10 cm2) substantially larger than those typical of demonstration organic solar cells (0.04–0.2 cm2). Integration of these solar cells with a low-cost, polymer-based electrochromic window enables intelligent management of the solar spectrum, with near-ultraviolet photons powering the regulation of visible and near-infrared photons for natural lighting and heating purposes. Smart windows are used to regulate the amount of visible and near-infrared light entering buildings or cars. Here, Davy et al. develop near-UV harvesting organic solar cells, scalable up to 10 cm2, for powering electrochromic windows without competing for photons in the visible or near-infrared.
The second Cushing-Henson conjecture for the beverton holt q-difference equation

In this paper, we study the second Cushing-Henson conjecture for the Beverton-Holt difference equation with periodic inherent growth rate and periodic carrying capacity in the quantum calculus setting. We give a short summary of recent results regarding the Beverton-Holt difference and \(q\)-difference equation and introduce the theory of quantum calculus briefly. Next, we analyze the second Cushing-Henson conjecture. We extend recent studies in [The Beverton-Holt q-difference equation with periodic growth rate, Difference Equations, Discrete Dynamical Systems, and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 2015, pp. 3-14] and state a modified formulation of the second Cushing-Henson conjecture for the Beverton-Holt \(q\)-difference equation as a generalization of existing formulations.
Olecranon Process Fractures

Tension band wiring of olecranon process fractures has been the mainstay technique for many years. Intramedullary fixation also has been successfully utilized and allows for early range of motion and functional restoration. Options less often used include fragment excision and advancement or nonoperative treatment.
Hysterectomy to Treat Pain in a Teen With Severe Physical and Intellectual Disabilities: Responding to a Mother's Request

We present a clinical ethics case concerning a mother who requests a hysterectomy for her 17 year old daughter who suffers from both severe mental and physical disabilities related to Cerebral Pals...
Mitotically-Associated lncRNA (MANCR) Affects Genomic Stability and Cell Division in Aggressive Breast Cancer

Aggressive breast cancer is difficult to treat as it is unresponsive to many hormone-based therapies; therefore, it is imperative to identify novel, targetable regulators of progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are important regulators in breast cancer and have great potential as therapeutic targets; however, little is known about how the majority of lncRNAs function within breast cancer. This study characterizes a novel lncRNA, MANCR (mitotically-associated long noncoding RNA; LINC00704), which is upregulated in breast cancer patient specimens and cells. Depletion of MANCR in triple-negative breast cancer cells significantly decreases cell proliferation and viability, with concomitant increases in DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis, based on RNA sequencing, following MANCR knockdown reveals significant differences in the expression of >2,000 transcripts, and gene set enrichment analysis identifies changes in multiple categories related to cell-cycle regulation. Furthermore, MANCR expression is highest in mitotic cells by both RT-qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. Consistent with a role in cell-cycle regulation, MANCR-depleted cells have a lower mitotic index and higher incidences of defective cytokinesis and cell death. Taken together, these data reveal a role for the novel lncRNA, MANCR, in genomic stability of aggressive breast cancer, and identify it as a potential therapeutic target.Implications: The novel lncRNA, MANCR (LINC00704), is upregulated in breast cancer and is functionally linked with cell proliferation, viability, and genomic stability. Mol Cancer Res; 16(4); 587-98. ©2018 AACR.
Validation and Generalizability of Preoperative PROMIS Scores to Predict Postoperative Success in Foot and Ankle Patients.

Background:A recent publication reported preoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Instrumentation System (PROMIS) scores to be highly predictive in identifying patients who would and woul...
Restoration of spatial hearing in adult cochlear implant users with single-sided deafness

In recent years, cochlear implants (CIs) have been provided in growing numbers to people with not only bilateral deafness but also to people with unilateral hearing loss, at times in order to alleviate tinnitus. This study presents audiological data from 15 adult participants (ages 48 ± 12 years) with single sided deafness. Results are presented from 9/15 adults, who received a CI (SSD-CI) in the deaf ear and were tested in Acoustic or Acoustic + CI hearing modes, and 6/15 adults who are planning to receive a CI, and were tested in the unilateral condition only. Testing included (1) audiometric measures of threshold, (2) speech understanding for CNC words and AzBIO sentences, (3) tinnitus handicap inventory, (4) sound localization with stationary sound sources, and (5) perceived auditory motion. Results showed that when listening to sentences in quiet, performance was excellent in the Acoustic and Acoustic + CI conditions. In noise, performance was similar between Acoustic and Acoustic + CI conditions in 4/6 participants tested, and slightly worse in the Acoustic + CI in 2/6 participants. In some cases, the CI provided reduced tinnitus handicap scores. When testing sound localization ability, the Acoustic + CI condition resulted in improved sound localization RMS error of 29.2° (SD: ±6.7°) compared to 56.6° (SD: ±16.5°) in the Acoustic-only condition. Preliminary results suggest that the perception of motion direction, whereby subjects are required to process and compare directional cues across multiple locations, is impaired when compared with that of normal hearing subjects.
Gay Marriage: Something Old, Something New

This chapter looks briefly at poetry written in anticipation and in the immediate aftermath of the Supreme Court’s affirmation of same-sex couples’ right to marry. Gay poets, too, are found to thematize the relationship’s temporal contours, the importance of dialogue, and the couple’s stake in a public affirmation of their union. Behind Paul Monette’s Love Alone, a sequence of elegies for a relationship that would, if it could, have been a marriage, stands Tennyson’s “In Memoriam,” which in turn hearkens back to the “marriage of true minds” in Shakespeare’s sonnets.
Bilateral distal ureteral transection in the setting of blunt trauma.

A 69-year-old obese man was involved in a high-speed head-on motor vehicle collision. He was tachycardic and normotensive on arrival. He subsequently developed hemodynamic instability requiring blood transfusion. On examination he had bilateral pneumothoraces, an anterior-posterior compression (APC) pelvic fracture, an open wound at the left groin, and gross hematuria after Foley catheter placement. CT imaging revealed hemoperitoneum, right hepatic lobe grade II lacerations, splenic laceration, mesenteric root injury with extravasated contrast, intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal bladder rupture, bilateral ureteral injuries at the level of the pelvic inlet (see figure 1), APC pelvic fracture, bilateral rib fractures, pneumothoraces, and pulmonary contusions. He underwent emergent exploratory laparotomy. Exploration confirmed the injuries noted on the CT scan. Hepatorrhaphy with abdominal and preperitoneal pelvic packing was performed. A large anterior bladder wall injury was visualized. Neither ureteral orifice was seen. The right ureter was completely transected at the level of the pelvic brim. The left ureter was decompressed and the full extent of its injury was not determined; however, the bladder injury left concern for a distal avulsion. The patient continued to be in shock. What would you do? Reconstruct the urinary bladder and reimplant bilateral ureters. Ligate the ureter and prepare for pelvic embolization and nephrostomy tubes. Continue to explore looking for the full extent of the left ureter. Externalize the ureters to the abdominal wall with the open abdomen.
Computer-Aided Detection of Colorectal Lesions with Super-Resolution CT Colonography: Pilot Evaluation

Reliable computer-aided detection CADe of small polyps and flat lesions is limited by the relatively low image resolution of computed tomographic colonography CTC. We developed a sinogram-based super-resolution SR method to enhance the images of lesion candidates detected by CADe. First, CADe is used to detect lesion candidates at high sensitivity from conventional CTC images. Next, the signal patterns of the lesion candidates are enhanced in sinogram domain by use of non-uniform compressive sampling and iterative reconstruction to produce SR images of the lesion candidates. For pilot evaluation, an anthropomorphic phantom including simulated lesions was filled partially with fecal tagging and scanned by use of a CT scanner. A fully automated CADe scheme was used to detect lesion candidates in the images reconstructed at conventional 0.61-mm and at 0.10-mm SR image resolution. The proof-of-concept results indicate that the SR method has potential to reduce the number of FP CADe detections below that obtainable with the conventional CTC imaging technology.
Open-Source Automated Chemical Vapor Deposition System for the Production of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

The study of two- dimensional (2D) materials is a rapidly growing area within nanomaterials research. However, the high equipment costs, which include the processing systems necessary for creating these materials, can be a barrier to entry for some researchers interested in studying these novel materials. Such process systems include those used for chemical vapor deposition, a preferred method for making these materials. To address this challenge, this article presents the first open-source design for an automated chemical vapor deposition system that can be built for less than a third of the cost for a comparable commercial system. The materials and directions for the system are divided by subsystems, which allows the system to be easily built, customized and upgraded, depending upon the needs of the user. We include the details for the specific hardware that will be needed, instructions for completing the build, and the software needed to automate the system. With a chemical vapor deposition system built as described, a variety of 2D nanomaterials and their heterostructures can be grown. Specifically, the experimental results clearly demonstrate the capability of this open-source design in producing high quality, 2D nanomaterials such as graphene and tungsten disulfide, which are at the forefront of research in emerging semiconductor devices, sensors, and energy storage applications.
Hanging Together in a Touch: Friendship and Mourning in the Melancholic Limits of Man

Reading Chris Clarke’s Walking with Zeke with and against Martin Heidegger’s philosophical project, especially key moments of anxiety and uncertainty around the human-animal distinction, this essay explores and seeks to rework the thematics of friendship, mourning, and melancholia. Taking seriously the claim that philosophical thought should let go of the human-animal distinction, this essay explores those instances in which things touch, of the even most minimal degree of distance within indistinction which provides the conditions of possibility for touch. In the course of this analysis, I forestall and complicate the potential of touch to be a reparative gesture, concluding that the work of mourning can, in the end, be the problem for an ethics of letting go.