cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superconductivity and charge-density waves

Superconductivity in a metal with a charge-density-wave (CDW) brokensymmetry is investigated within the framework of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffertheory. The anisotropic gap equation for /Delta/(/bold k/) is solvedanalytically. We find that whenever /bold k/ approaches a CDW energy gap,/Delta/(/bold k/) undergoes a sudden increase. This behavior is the opposite ofthat found for a spin-density-wave (SDW) broken symmetry, for which/Delta/(/bold k/) decreases precipitously as /bold k/ approaches a SDW energygap.
Speaking Out: Women, Pagne, and Politics in the Cote D'Ivoire

In the Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, women wear traditional clothing made from manufactured fabric called pagne. Certain pagne designs or motifs are given names by women who in turn wear the cloth to communicate their standpoints on a range of issues. The naming and wearing of pagne embodies an indigenous form of communication that is uniquely African. Pagne tell stories that encode women's experiences. In this study, political pagne motifs are analyzed using feminist theory and intertextual analysis. The analysis reveals how women have adapted their communication practices to resist patriarchal influences inherited from a colonial past. Through the wearing of pagne, women use a medium of expression to surmount barriers to their active participation in public dialogue. Women's communication in the Cote d'Ivoire speaks to a changing political environment and highlights the tension between past marginalization and future empowerment.
Parent–Child Roles in Decision Making About Medical Research

Our objective is to understand how parents and children perceive their roles in decision making about research participation. Forty-five children (ages 4–15 years) with or without a chronic condition and 21 parents were the participants. A semistructured interview assessed perceptions of up to 4 hypothetical research scenarios with varying levels of risk, benefit, and complexity. Children were also administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition, to assess verbal ability, as a proxy for the child's cognitive development. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed and analyzed for themes related to parent and child decision-making roles. Both parents and children varied in their perceptions of decision-making roles. Child perceptions of parental influence on decision making as knowledge-based increased with cognitive development, whereas perceptions of parental influence as power-based decreased. Both children and parents commented that they would collaborate with each other when making dec...
Maternal Control and Two-year-olds' Compliance and Defiance

Studies of parental caregiving and child compliance/defiance have yielded inconsistent and often weak findings. In this study, we investigated whether differences in the predictive power of maternal control in relation to child behaviour varied as a function of the type of measure employed. We hypothesised that ratings of maternal behaviour would predict child behaviour better than would maternal frequencies because ratings take the child's needs into account in assessing maternal behaviour. A sample of 95 mothers and their 2-year-old children were observed in laboratory and home settings. It was found that maternal ratings and frequency counts predicted child defiance equally well within the laboratory setting. Across settings, only maternal ratings correlated with child defiance, and this correlation was significantly greater than that between maternal frequencies and child defiance. The frequencies and ratings provided evidence of convergent validity for one another as measures of quality of maternal c...
Molecular properties of Tunicate DNA.

Abstract DNA's from primitive chordates, the ascidians (Class Ascidiacea, subphylum Urochordata) have been characterized. Base compositions were inferred from thermal denaturation profiles and analytical CsCl pycnography. Base sequence complexity was estimated for DNA from one species, Ciona intestinalis. While average DNA base compositions were similar to those observed for other chordates (37–42 % guanine plus cytosine), considerable variation within the class was observed in density-satellite components. Renaturation kinetics verified that the haploid genome of C. intestinalis contains a minimum DNA mass of 9 · 1010 daltons. This compares well with chemical values determined previously35. From this correspondence we conclude that about 70 % of DNA in Ciona sperm is present as single copy sequences. The remaining 30 % renatures with rapid kinetics observed for other eukaryotic DNA's.
Radiative Shocks in Astrophysics and the Laboratory

This paper explores the variations in radiative shock behavior originating from the properties of the system containing the shock. Specifically, the optical depth of the upstream region and the downstream region both affect the behavior of radiative shocks. Optically thick systems such as stellar interiors or supernovae permit only limited shock-induced increases in density. At the other limit, the radiation and shock dynamics in optically thin systems permits the post-shock density to reach arbitrarily large values. The theory of the shock structure is summarized for systems in which the upstream region is optically thin, common to some astrophysical systems and a number of experiments.
Competition between Robust and Nonrobust Autocatalytic Replicators

The competition of two species for a common resource is illustrated using the paradigm of autocatalytic replicators inhabiting a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) environment that is continuously fed with the resource. In most cases presented, one species is robust (appears in reactor feed) while the other is not. The introduction of the second (invading) species into the CSTR via an unsustained disturbance has a strong effect on the steady-state and dynamic behavior of the first (host) species. New steady states are added to the bifurcation diagram that show that the invading species can coexist in the system with the host species when its growth and death characteristics are similar to those of the latter. The population levels of the host species are greatly reduced in these cases as a result of the considerable decrease in resource concentration at steady state. Open-loop strategies for the elimination of the invading species are developed and discussed. These strategies involve the manipulation of the reactor residence time to destabilize the states of coexistence.
Predictors and Outcomes Associated with Rescue Therapy in SWIFT.

Introduction: In the Solitaire With the Intention For Thrombectomy (SWIFT) trial, rescue therapy was used when the Solitaire or Merci device was unable to restore vessel patency. Markers for nonrecanalization in acute stroke have been reported for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; however, similar predictors are not known for endovascular therapy. We sought to identify predictors and outcomes associated with rescue therapy in the SWIFT trial. Methods: Rescue therapy included the use of an alternative device, agent, or maneuver following failure to recanalize with three retrieval attempts using the initial device. Clinical, angiographic, and demographic data was reviewed. Results: Among a total of 144 patients enrolled, 43 (29.9%) required rescue therapy. We used the same baseline demographics for patients with and without rescue therapy. Rescue therapy was used in a higher percentage of patients randomized to the Merci group compared with the Solitaire group (43 vs. 21%, p = 0.009). Patients with rescue therapy experienced a longer recanalization time (p 80 years (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.06, 11.64) were predictors of rescue therapy. Conclusions: Merci treatment group and age were predictors of rescue therapy, while a trend toward an increased need of rescue therapy was observed with hypertension and proximal clot location. Rescue therapy was associated with fewer good outcomes. These findings may reflect targets for improvement in endovascular therapy.
Bis(N,N′-disalicylidene-3,4-phenylenediamine-1-ethylbenzoato)zirconium(IV), an eight-coordinate chelate with linear polymerization possibilities

Abstract Synthesis of the Schiff-base complex bis(N,N′-disalicylidene-3,4-phenylenediamine-1-ethylbenzoato)zirconium(IV), which has two, linearly disposed, uncoordinated ester groups, has been accomplished from the reaction of a zirconium alkoxide with the new Schiff ligand N,N′-disalicylidene-3,4-phenylenediamine-1-ethylbenzoate. The ligand itself was isolated in two forms, yellow and orange, which are believed to be tautomers based on infrared data. Elemental analyses, IR, NMR, and UV-Visible data are included for all new compounds, as well as mass spectral data for the complex. Broadening of 1H NMR resonances in the complex spectrum, relative to TMS and ethanol of solvation resonances, may be indicative of a slow molecular motion. Preliminary attempts to polymerize the complex with aromatic amines failed, however, due to decomposition of the metal chelate unit at the high temperatures (300°C) required.
GLC Determination of Chlormadinone Acetate in Plasma

Abstract Plasma samples obtained from monkeys after oral administration of 0.5–2.0 mg. of chlormadinone acetate were extracted with hexane. The hexane extracts were washed, concentrated, and analyzed by GLC using a 63 Ni electron-capture detector. The analyses were performed on a 30.5−cm. (1‐ft.) column packed with either 3.8% methyl silicone gum rubber on silanized diatomite or a mixed phase consisting of 3.0% methyl silicone gum rubber and 1.5% polyethylene glycol 20,000 on silanized diatomite. Levels as low as 1.0 ng. steroid/ml. plasma were detected by this procedure when 5-ml. samples of plasma were available.
Crosspoint switching of EMG signals to increase number of channels for pattern recognition myoelectric control

Myoelectric pattern recognition (PR) can provide a more intuitive control for upper limb amputees in using multifunction prosthesis than direct control. Accuracy of a pattern recognition system has been shown to improve with increasing number of EMG channels. However, increasing the number of channels comes with a drawback of increased weight, cost and complexity of the prosthesis. This paper presents the concept and design of a novel EMG acquisition system to acquire higher number of channels without increasing the number of electrodes placed or the complexity of the prosthetic device. A prototype of the device was developed and tested on able-bodied subjects to evaluate its performance in pattern recognition. Subjects were requested to perform 9 different hand movements while EMG data was collected into training and test groups. Test results indicate a 15% improvement in classification accuracy with the new system when compared to conventional systems. A system like this is valuable for patients with higher level amputations where placing higher number of electrodes is not feasible due to limited availability of appropriate muscle sites.
Central aortic pressure is independently associated with diastolic function

Background Studies investigating the association between central aortic pressures and diastolic function have been limited. Methods Consecutive ambulatory patients (n = 281, mean age 49 ± 13 years, 49% male) with normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function were included. The LV filling pressure ( E / E m) was estimated by Doppler-derived ratio of mitral inflow velocity ( E ) to septal ( E m) by tissue Doppler, LV relaxation by E m, and central aortic pressures by radial tonometry. Central aortic systolic (cSBP), diastolic (cDBP), mean (cMAP) and pulse pressure (cPP) were entered individually into stepwise linear regression models to determine their association with E / E m or E m. Results In univariate analysis, cPP correlated most strongly with E / E m (Spearman's ρ = 0.45, P E m (Spearman's ρ = −0.51, P E / E m (partial r 2 = 23%); meanwhile, the nonpulsatile components (cDBP and cMAP) were significant but small contributors (partial r 2 of 6% and 5%, respectively) of LV relaxation ( E m). Conclusion The nonpulsatile components of aortic afterload (cMAP and cDBP) exhibited a weak but significant association with LV relaxation, whereas the pulsatile component of afterload, cPP, exhibited strong association with LV filling pressure.
The Effect of Peripheral Visual Field Loss on Representations of Space: Evidence for Distortion and Adaptation

RESULTS. Participants showed distortions in remembered statue locations, with mean placement errors increasing with decreasing field of view (FOV) size. A correlation was found between FOV size and mean distance error but not mean angular offsets. Compared with eye movements of normal-vision participants with simulated PFL from a previous study, the eye movements of the RP participants were shorter in duration, and smaller saccadic amplitudes were observed only for the RP participants with the smallest FOV sizes. The RP participants also made more fixations to the statues than the simulated PFL participants. Results from a real-world replication of the task showed no behavioral differences between simulated and naturally occurring PFL. CONCLUSIONS. PFL is associated with distortions in spatial representations that increase with decreasing FOV. The differences in eye movement and gaze patterns suggest possible adaptive changes on the part of the RP participants. However, the use of different sampling strategies did not aid the performance of the RP participants as FOV size decreased. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:2765‐2772) DOI:10.1167/iovs.07-1021
Knowledge-based multimedia information retrieval in hyperspace

Abstract In this paper, we propose a Smart WWW Page model, in which a smart WWW page is defined as a Web page with associated knowledge. Associated knowledge enables a smart WWW page to react to the occurrence of pre-defined events and perform appropriate actions. Therefore, the smart WWW pages can behave in an active way. This overcomes a WWW page's passive nature which constraints transactions between a WWW client system and its user. Since active index can describe knowledge and is a powerful computing device, it is thus applied to this proposed model. There are various WWW-based applications of this model. One is to improve the efficiency of on-line information retrieval in hyperspace by prefetching . A prototype of a knowledge-based WWW client system, named Mosaic-IC, has been developed by the authors. Experiment results show that a greater retrieval and navigation efficiency can be obtained by this knowledge-based WWW client system.
Peripheral nerve regeneration with entubulation repair: comparison of biodegradeable nerve guides versus polyethylene tubes and the effects of a laminin-containing gel.

These experiments present quantitative data concerning peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. We used entubulation repair as a model to compare two different types of tubular prostheses, one nonbiodegradable and the other biodegradable. We modified the microenvironment of the regenerating axons within the tubular prostheses by adding a laminin-containing gel to the interior of the tube at the time of initial implantation. The data demonstrate that specific manipulations to the microenvironment of regenerating peripheral axons have quantitative effects on the rate and extent of nerve regeneration. Such effects were dependent on the composition of the tubular prosthesis and varied according to the survival time of the animals. For instance, the laminin gel within the biodegradable tubes enhanced nerve regeneration at 2 weeks but was inhibitory at 6 weeks. Furthermore, such manipulations may have different effects on the number of myelinated axons found within the regenerating nerve cable versus the number of primary motor and sensory neurons giving rise to such axons. We concluded that: (i) the presence of a laminin-containing gel significantly increased the initial rate at which axons from primary sensory and motor neurons cross a transection site; (ii) an initial delay in axonal outgrowth at early time points did not necessarily predict diminished outgrowth at later times; and (iii) because of the potential for axonal branching the number of myelinated axons found in the midportion of a tubular prosthesis did not always correlate with the number of primary motor and sensory neurons which gave rise to those axons.
Schizoaffective disorder: evidence for reversed cerebral asymmetry

Abstract Background: Schizoaffective disorder is one of the most severe of the affective psychoses, but its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Because cerebral lateralization may be disturbed in psychotic disorders generally, studies examining cerebral asymmetry may improve understanding of the neurobiology specific to schizoaffective disorder. This study examines cerebral lateralization in this patient population using magnetic source localization. Methods: We studied 16 subjects with schizoaffective disorder and 16 controls. Magnetic source localization was used to identify the location of the 20 msec latency somatosensory evoked field component (M20). Results: In control subjects, the source location was further anterior in the right hemisphere. The subjects with schizoaffective disorder were reverse lateralized. Conclusions: The findings of a reversed asymmetry of the M20 in patients with schizoaffective disorder suggest an anatomical shift in the placement of the post central gyrus in this disorder, compatible with a disorder of cerebral lateralization. Whether this finding converges or diverges with measurement of the M20 in other psychotic disorders will require further investigation.
You Looking at Her “Hot” Body May Not be “Cool” for Me: Integrating Male Partners’ Pornography Use into Objectification Theory for Women

Within objectification theory research, sexual objectification is typically operationalized as interpersonal sexual objectification—being targets of body evaluation and unwanted sexual advances. We...
Concise total syntheses of palominol, dolabellatrienone, β-araneosene, and isoedunol via an enantioselective diels-alder macrobicyclization

Concise total syntheses of four members of the dolabellane family of diterpenoid natural products are reported. Key features of the developed route include the first demonstration of an enantioselective, intramolecular Type I Diels−Alder macrobicyclization, the first example of a stereoselective π-allyl Stille coupling reaction involving a farnesyl-derived intermediate, a powerful new reagent for the formation of dithianes with acid-sensitive molecules, and a unique and highly efficient ring-contraction sequence based on a modified Wolff photochemical rearrangement.
Effect of Short (< 12 months) Interpregnancy Intervals on the Risk of Cause-Specific Infant Mortality Rates in the US

Effect of Short (< 12 months) Interpregnancy Intervals on the Risk of Cause-Specific Infant Mortality Rates in the US
Peritoneal dialysis for chronic renal failure in a patient with methylmalonic acidaemia

Chronic renal failure is a common complication of methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA). It is usually managed with haemodialysis and renal transplantation. We report the use of continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) for 20 months in a paediatric patient with chronic renal failure due to MMA. This procedure resulted in the elimination of 950 μmol methylmalonate (MM) per day and a fall in the plasma MM concentration from 3.9 to 0.74 mmol/l. As a result of this treatment, the frequency at which this patient was hospitalised was markedly reduced prior to a successful renal transplantation.
Wing formation in Drosophila melanogaster requires decapentaplegic gene function along the anterior-posterior compartment boundary

Previous analyses of the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene in Drosophila melanogaster have suggested that its product, a polypeptide of the transforming growth factor-beta family of secreted factors, acts at the level of intercellular communication to control several events in spatial pattern formation. In this report, we use clonal analysis to demonstrate a localized requirement for wild-type dpp expression along the anterior-posterior (A/P) compartment boundary of the developing wing primordium. Clonal analysis reveals that normal wing blade development is solely dependent on dpp+ function in those anterior compartment cells that border the anterior-posterior (A/P) compartment boundary of the wing imaginal disk. Conversely, the wing blade will not develop if these boundary cells lack dpp activity. The localized requirement for dpp coincides with the spatial distribution of dpp transcripts, which accumulate in a stripe of cells at or near the known A/P compartment boundary of the wing imaginal disk. Thus, only a small subset of the cells that normally comprise the wing must express dpp to permit development of the entire structure. We propose that this localized expression of dpp is essential to proximal-distal appendage development. We discuss the possibility that dpp expression serves as a landmark for establishing and/or maintaining positional information in imaginal disks.
Aeromagnetic Discovery of a Baltimore Gneiss Dome in the Piedmont of Northwestern Delaware and Southeastern Pennsylvania

In the central Appalachian Piedmont the “basement complex” is an assemblage of 1,100- to 1,300-m.y.-old gneisses, migmatites, and amphibolites that crops out in “domes” mantled by younger meta-sedimentary rocks of the Glenarm Series. Aeromagnetic data and reconnaissance field work indicate that a previously unknown Baltimore Gneiss dome, here called the Mill Creek dome, is present in southeastern Pennsylvania and northwestern Delaware. The discovery of previously unknown domes of Baltimore Gneiss has bearing on the thickness, structure, and regional relations of the Glenarm Series.
Is NADH Effective in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease?

Most Parkinson's disease (PD) treatments palliate symptoms by increasing nigrostriatal dopaminergic tone. A unique strategy for accomplishing this pharmacological end-point proposes using reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to boost endogenous dopamine production, since NADH indirectly supplies reducing equivalents to the rate-limiting, tyrosine hydroxylase-catalysed step of dopamine synthesis. Support for using NADH in PD treatment includes claims that NADH stimulates tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine biosynthesis in tissue culture and humans, as well as case series associating intravenous and oral NADH administration with PD rating scale improvements. Theoretical and practical arguments against NADH include underlying NADH disposal impairment in PD and failure of a placebo-controlled trial to show any clear benefit. While NADH may yet prove to ameliorate parkinsonism, recommendations for its use in PD are premature.
What You Use Matters: Coding Protest Data

Data matter. Protest data are no exception. Not all datasets are equal, nor do all have equal validity and reliability. Thus far, there has been no serious debate regarding the quality of protest datasets. Increasing attention to protest studies suggests that now is the time to talk about the sine qua non for growing knowledge in this sub-field of comparative politics. In this paper I emphasize the importance of the underlying data sources. In particular, I argue that protest datasets should be drawn from many sources, particularly as many local sources as possible, in order to provide accurate and meaningful data. To support this contention, I first discuss traditional protest datasets and their limitations and provide suggestions about how to overcome these limitations. Second, I explain an alternative type of dataset coding and its characteristics. And finally, I use statistical tests to illustrate the importance of local sources.I give my sincere and deep thanks to Erik S. Herron and Ronald A. Francisco for reviewing drafts of this paper and giving me indispensable comments and continuous encouragements. I would also like to thank Elizabeth Collins and Omur Yilmaz who edited drafts of this manuscript. My appreciation also goes to anonymous reviews of this paper and the editors of PS: Political Science and Politics. I would like to thank my late farther, Ki-Dae whose love and support were simply endless. I'll share any compliment with them, but only I will take responsibility for any error.
Long-term benefits of coronary bypass surgery: Are the gains for women less than for men?

See related articles on pages 1704, 2032, and 2044. T he issue of whether there are disparities in the outcome of coronary revascularization between women and men, in particular coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, has been the object of intense debate in the past 10 to 15 years. Studies have disagreed on whether the risks and benefits resulting from CABG surgery differ between women and men. Indeed, few areas of clinical research have been more controversial than this. Overall, clinicians are left with the suspicion that CABG poses special risks in women or is less effective in this group. This fact may discourage prompt referral of women for CABG and lead to gender-related disparities in referral, another area of major debate. In turn, a later referral for CABG may contribute to higher operative risk and fewer long-term benefits if women are referred when their disease is more advanced and/or their comorbidity burden worse. Therefore, it is necessary to come soon to a consensus on whether CABG surgery is a beneficial procedure in women, at least to the same extent as it is in men. A major reason why this question is very difficult to resolve is that major randomized trials of the efficacy of CABG surgery compared with medical therapy have been conducted almost exclusively in men. Most of the trials comparing CABG with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty also have focused on men. Currently, more than 150,000 CABG procedures per year are performed in women in the United States, or almost one third of the total, and the number of CABG procedures performed on women is rapidly increasing, in part due to the gradual aging of the surgical population. However, there is no clinical trial evidence supporting the efficacy of this procedure in women. Since CABG has become, nonetheless, part of the standard of care for the treatment of all patients with coronary heart disease, including women, research studies of CABG in women commonly use men as the control group, an approach that is logical but methodologically problematic, as highlighted in previous editorials of this series. This approach tells us whether women benefit from CABG surgery to the same extent as men do, assuming that the comparison between women and men is not biased, but it does not tell us whether women who undergo CABG fare better than women who do not.
PAR L'ESTAMINE

Author's summary.— In view of the short period of time which the majority of our students devote to any one foreign language, and considering the approximate maturity of most of them, we should offer reading matter of more thought-provoking power than has usually been the case so far. Various French and Spanish texts are examined for subjective values in class reading.
Biocompatibility of alumina ceramic and polyethylene as materials for pivot bearings of a centrifugal blood pump.

The double pivot bearings in the Gyro C1E3 centrifugal blood pump incorporate a high-purity alumina (Al2O3) ceramic and an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). This centrifugal pump has been developed as a completely sealless pump for long-term usage. The combination of Al2O3 and UHMWPE are the materials of choice for the acetabular bearing in artificial joints, which have proven to be clinically reliable for over 10 years. Previous studies have examined the biocompatibility of Al2O3 and UHMWPE as bulky implant materials. The present study investigated this material as a blood-contacting material using a standard assessment in vitro and in vivo analysis. The examined items were systemic toxicity, sensitization (guinea pig maximization test), cytotoxicity (elution test), mutagenicity (Ames test), direct contact hemolysis, and thrombogenicity. The studies were performed according to the United States Pharmacopoeia and published previous studies. The samples of both Al2O3 and UHMWPE demonstrated no differences from the negative controls in all tests. These findings indicate that both Al2O3 and UHMWPE are biocompatible materials for double-pivot bearings in the centrifugal blood pump. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 36, 381–386, 1997.
Mechanical properties of individual microgel particles through the deswelling transition

Microgels are important materials for both basic science and engineering and have wide applications from the study of phase transitions to the delivery of drugs. These micron and sub-micron particles, made of hydrogel materials, respond to solvent conditions. The most common microgels are environmentally sensitive, responding to temperature and pH. Our material of interest, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) or NIPAM, undergoes a deswelling transition above a critical temperature. The deswelling behavior of this polymeric material has been thoroughly studied in ensemble microgel systems as well as in bulk hydrogel samples. We present measurements of the elastic properties of single microgel particles through the deswelling transition using atomic force microscopy. While the fully collapsed particle (E = 123 kPa) is ten times stiffer than a fully swollen one (E = 13 kPa), we observe a dramatic softening of the particle near the transition (E = 3 kPa).
Radial Growth and Increased Water-Use Efficiency for Ponderosa Pine Trees in Three Regions in the Western United States

We examined changes in and relationships between radial growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees, climate, and atmospheric CO2 in the western United States since the mid-nineteenth century. We developed tree-ring chronologies for eight sites in three climate regions and used carbon isotope data to calculate pentadal values of iWUE. We examined relationships among radial growth, climate, iWUE, and CO2 via correlation and regression analyses. Significant upward trends in iWUE occurred at all sites, and despite an absence of climate changes that would favor growth, upward radial growth trends occurred at five sites. Our findings suggest that increased iWUE associated with rising CO2 can positively impact tree growth rates in the western United States and are thus an evolving component of forest ecosystem processes.
A Mixed-Integer Goal Programming Model for Nursing Service Budgeting

This paper presents a mixed-integer goal programming model for expense budgeting in a hospital nursing department. The model incorporates several different objectives based upon such considerations as cost containment and providing appropriate nursing hours for delivering quality nursing care. Also considered are possible trade-offs among full-time, part-time and overtime nurses on weekdays as well as weekends. The budget includes vacation, sick leave, holiday, and seniority policies of a hospital and various constraints on a hospital nursing service imposed by nursing unions. The results are based upon data from a study hospital and indicate that the model is practical for budgeting in a hospital nursing department.
Explaining the move toward the market in US academic science: how institutional logics can change without institutional entrepreneurs

Organizational institutionalism has shown how institutional entrepreneurs can introduce new logics into fields and push for their broader acceptance. In academic science in the United States, however, market logic gained strength without such an entrepreneurial project. This article proposes an alternative “practice selection” model to explain how a new institutional logic can gain strength when local innovations interact with changes outside the field. Actors within a field are always experimenting with practices grounded in a variety of logics. When one logic is dominant, innovations based on alternative logics may have trouble gaining the resources they need to become more broadly institutionalized. But if a changing environment starts systematically to favor practices based on an alternative logic, that logic can become stronger even in the absence of a coherent project to promote it. This is what happened in US academic science, as growing political concern with the economic impact of innovation changed the field’s environment in ways that encouraged the spread of local market-logic practices.
Judaism, modernization, and anti-modernization

The manner in which etements of Judaism as a religion may have been active in mediating the effects of early stages of modernization in Eastern and Western Europe, and how that religion itself may have been altered, call for careful examination The concept of shifting boundaries has been used to underscore both the dialectical relationship and numberable positions between tradition and modernity as useful designations While dealing primarily with Prussia as an example of certain Western patterns of change, and different regions of prepartition Poland illustrating Eastern patterns, this analysis of shifting boundaries can be extended to other areas—France, England, Holland and the Americas—to understand movements and developments of modern Jewish history The broad comparative historical sociology for which this paper calls will relate the more universal and regional studies of Judaism and nuxtemization, ennched by the newer conceptualizations of the relationship between religion and modemizattion
ENHANCED TRANSPORT OF INORGANIC CARBON INTO ALGAL CELLS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL FIXATION OF CARBON1,2

Kinetics of uptake of inorganic carbon by the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang. suggest that rates of fixation may be enhanced at low tensions of CO/sub 2/ by transport of bicarbonate from the cell surface to the chloroplast. Results are evaluated in the context of models that treat diffusion and reaction of dissolved inorganic carbon across a 3 dimensional finite boundary layer, and they are consistent with the claim that CO/sub 2/ alone is the substrate used during carbon fixation. An alternative hypothesis, which presumes that both CO/sub 2/ and bicarbonate are used as substrates, yields predictions which are inconsistent with the data. Instead, bicarbonate seems to act only as a vehicle for the transport of inorganic carbon into the cell, thereby adding its flux to that of CO/sub 2/, and enhancing rates of synthesis that would otherwise be restricted by uptake of CO/sub 2/ alone.
Acetylcarnitine: On the relationship between structure and function

Abstract Acetylcarnitine chloride, a molecule with cholinergic properties, has been studied by X-ray crystallographic techniques. Results show that a portion of the acetylcarnitine molecule is in the same configuration as the functionally similar acetylcholine molecule and other cholinergic molecules.
A study of factors influencing the productivity of programming teams

The objective of this research is to identify factors which influence the performance of programming teams. It is an extension of a larger research effort (Gowda, 1988) to probe the influence of individual and group characteristics on programmer productivity. The Gowda work was carried out in a large data processing organization from 1984 to 1988. The results revealed that production emphasis (pressure for productive output) by project leaders adversely affects performance. The other factors such as education, programming experience, group cohesiveness were positively correlated with productivity. This study extends Gowda's research through direct observation of programming team work.
Le degré de similarité d'une algèbre d'opérateurs

Resume Soit H un espace de Hilbert et soit A ⊂ B(H) une sous-algebre fermee, non necessairement auto-adjointe, contenant l'unite. On introduit le « degre de similaritede A , note d(A) , un entier ≥ 0 ou eventuellement ∞, et on etudie ses diverses proprietes en relation avec les notions de « moyennabilitepour les groupes discrets ou les algebres d'operateurs.
Synthesis of N1-3-[18F]fluoropropyl-N4-2-([3,4-dichlorophenyl]ethyl)piperazine, a high affinity ligand for sigma receptor

The radiochemical synthesis of the high affinity, selective sigma receptor ligand, N1-3-[18F]Fluoropropyl-N4-2-([3,4-dichlorophenyl]ethyl)piperazine, is reported. The labeled compound is prepared by fluoride displacement on a bismethanesulfonate salt of the propyl methanesulfonyloxy precursor. The product is isolated by first passage through a BONDELUT-SI and subsequently HPLC in high radiochemical and chemical purity with a decay corrected radiochemical yield of 49 ± 9%.
Treatment strategies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: potential role of exercise

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, dose-limiting effect of cancer therapy that often has negative implications on a patient’s quality of life. The pain associated with CIPN has long been recognized as one of the most difficult types of pain to treat. Historically, much effort has been made to explore pharmacological therapies aimed at reducing symptoms of CIPN. While many of these agents provide a modest relief in the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, many have been shown to have additional negative side effects for cancer patients. Therefore, the authors suggest exercise rehabilitation as one lifestyle modification that may positively impact the lives of patients with CIPN. To our knowledge, there are currently no published clinical trials examining the role of exercise in preserving neurological function following chemotherapy. However, investigations using low-to-moderate intensity exercise as an intervention in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies have produced promising results. Given that cancer patients appear to tolerate exercise, it seems plausible that exercise rehabilitation could be used as an effective strategy to minimize CIPN-induced detriments to quality of life.
The Politics of Disintegration: Political Party Decay in the United States, 1840 to 1900

Viable briefly in the 1840s, the U.S. two-party system became a mechanism for sectional interests by the onset of the Civil War. Examined here are the social, economic and political factors that affected the parties.
Integrating the MRP-based control level and the multi-stage shop level of a manufacturing system via network simulation

Despite the increased attention recently to material requirements planning (MRP) in the research literature. MRP has frequently proved to be unsuccessful on actual implementation. One factor related to its unsuccessful implementation is that MRP systems are often not sufficiently analysed and tested within an actual shop scenario prior to implementation. In this paper, a network simulation model that integrates the MRP-based shop control level with the shop level in a manufacturing system is described, and its usage demonstrated within the context of a realistic shop scenario that encompasses multiple-level product structures, several-component items, job and assembly operations, machine setups and backordering. Five simulation experiments are conducted using the network simulation model, including cases in which: (1) all model parameters are constant (standard case), (2) product demand is varied, (3) set-up times are varied, (4) processing times are variable and (5) the worst cases from all the previous ...
Phospholipase C Isoform Functions in Immune Cells

Phospholipase C (PLC) family members play critical roles in regulating immune cell functions during inflammatory responses. This chapter discusses how different family members can be activated by G-protein coupled receptors, T-cell receptors, B-cell receptors, and other tyrosine kinase receptors, in addition to many of the pathways that contribute to propagation of signaling through the intracellular signaling events that are mediated by different family members. By understanding these signaling events and immune mechanisms we will be able to better define targets for pharmacological intervention for inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
Book review essay: White-collar crime & its future

(1988). Book review essay: White-collar crime & its future. Justice Quarterly: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 155-160.
Privacy versus history. How far should the dead hand reach

One of the most fundamental tenets of medical research, enshrined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki, is that scientific investigation involving human beings requires the informed consent of the subjects.
Molecules in Motion: Chemical Reaction and Allied Dynamics in Solution and Elsewhere

After my acceptance of the kind invitation from Todd Martinez and Mark Johnson, Co-Editors of this journal, to write this article, I had to decide just how to actually do this, given the existence of a fairly personal and extended autobiographical account of recent vintage detailing my youth, education, and assorted experiences and activities at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and later also at Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris (1). In the end, I settled on a differently styled recounting of the adventures with my students, postdocs, collaborators, and colleagues in trying to unravel, comprehend, describe, and occasionally even predict the manifestations and consequences of the myriad assortment of molecular dances that contribute to and govern the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions in solution (and elsewhere). The result follows.
Kant in Caspar David Friedrich’s Frames

This essay concerns the applicability of the concepts of the sublime and the beautiful to Caspar David Friedrich’s paintings. It takes the public debate around Friedrich’s Cross in the Mountains (1807–08) as a starting point from which to reflect upon the relationship of this categorical distinction to the apparent contentiousness of his work. Using Kant’s philosophical argument, the essay explores why Friedrich’s formal interventions were not only aesthetic ones, but quite political as well. It then follows its terms into the twentieth century, considering its argument from the perspectives of Derrida and Lyotard, who have each reflected on the interrelationship of politics and sublimity in contemporary contexts.
Prevalence of Personality Disorders among Cocaine and Heroin Addicts.

Using the MCMI-III, we studied rates of personality disorders among 443 inpatient drug abusers (i.e., 160 opiate addicts and 283 cocaine addicts). For both samples the disorders of antisocial (60%), passive-aggressive (negativistic) (34%), and depressive personality disorders (32%) showed higher prevalence rates. Previous studies (N = 13) using different measures (e.g., SCID, SDIP, MCMI-I) reported similar findings in terms of overall prevalence of specific personality disorders, although actual rates varied by population.
A decision procedure for bit-vectors and arrays

STP is a decision procedure for the satisfiability of quantifier-free formulas in the theory of bit-vectors and arrays that has been optimized for large problems encountered in software analysis applications. The basic architecture of the procedure consists of word-level pre-processing algorithms followed by translation to SAT. The primary bottlenecks in software verification and bug finding applications are large arrays and linear bit-vector arithmetic. New algorithms based on the abstraction-refinement paradigm are presented for reasoning about large arrays. A solver for bit-vector linear arithmetic is presented that eliminates variables and parts of variables to enable other transformations, and reduce the size of the problem that is eventually received by the SAT solver. These and other algorithms have been implemented in STP, which has been heavily tested over thousands of examples obtained from several real-world applications. Experimental results indicate that the above mix of algorithms along with the overall architecture is far more effective, for a variety of applications, than a direct translation of the original formula to SAT or other comparable decision procedures.
Late components in the compound action potentials (CAP) recorded from the intracranial portion of the human eighth nerve

The compound action potential (CAP) that can be recorded from the exposed intracranial portion of the eighth nerve in man to stimulation with broadband clicks of about 100 dB Pe SPL normally has an initial (small) positivity followed by a sharp negative peak with a latency of about 3 to 3.5 ms. The negative peak is usually followed by another positive-negative deflection with a latency of about 4 ms. Usually, no stim~us-related potential can be discerned at latencies longer than 5 ms. However, in a few patients we found a series of waves that occurred between 4 and 12 ms after the stimulation. The polarity of these waves reversed precisely (180” phase shift) when the polarity of the sound was reversed. Thus, these waves appeared clearly when the responses to clicks of opposite polarity were subtracted. These late waves were quasiperiodic with intervals between 1 and 2 ms. The waveform and duration differed between patients, but were remarkably constant in each patient. The timing of these late peaks was nearly independent of the stimulus intensity in the range studied (between 105 and 70 dB Pe SPL); in this respect the late waves differ fundamentally from the initial peaks, which showed a monotone decrease in latency with increasing stimulus intensity over this intensity range. Although the origin of these late waves is not known, the similarities between these waves and stimulated otoacoustic emissions indicate that the late waves may be the result of active cochlear processes similar to those that produce the cochlear echo.
Effects of bromocriptine on renin, aldosterone, and prolactin responses to posture and metoclopramide in idiopathic edema: possible therapeutic approach.

This study examines the effect of bromocriptine therapy (2.5 mg three times daily for 4–5 days) on orthostatic increases in weight, PRA, plasma aldosterone, and PRL in patients with idiopathic edema and in normal female controls. Additionally, PRA, aldosterone, and PRL responses to the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide were examined in both groups before and after bromocriptine. Edema patients demonstrated greater orthostatic weight gain and greater aldosterone and PRL responses to upright posture and isometric handgrip exercise. However, after bromocriptine treatment, these orthostatic responses were similar to those noted in normal controls. After metoclopramide administration, edema patients displayed normal PRA and aldosterone responses, but had exaggerated PRL responses. After bromocriptine, the PRL, but not the PRA or aldosterone, response to metoclopramide was greatly reduced. The PRL responses to metoclopramide were similar in edema patients and controls after bromocriptine treatment. These data ...
A fully-integrated arbitrary waveform generator for analog matched filter

In this paper, a fully-integrated synchronizable AWG for radar pulse compression is presented. For low power operation, we suggested the two-layered x-decoder scheme which includes address increment circuits so that HOaddr buffers need not to be operated in generating the repetitive waveforms. This can save the power consumption of HOaddr buffer by about 9-18% depending on HOaddr toggling ratio. The measurement results using MRSS IC show the chirp signal and Daubechies waveforms successfully.
Surface approximation using weighted splines

The surface reconstruction problem is formulated as a two-stage reconstruction procedure. The first stage is a robust local fit to the data in a multiresolution scheme and the second is a regularized least squares fit, with the addition of an adaptive mechanism in the smoothness functional in order to make the solution well behaved. The authors present the details of the second stage in which they use the weighted bicubic spline as a surface representation in a regularization framework, with a Tikhonov stabilizer, as the smoothness norm. It is shown how the adaptive weights, in the stabilizer help the surface bend across discontinuities by varying the energy of the surface. >