cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic effect of p-aminobenzoate or folate on asulam [methyl (4-aminobenzensulphonyl)carbamate]inhibition of carrot suspension cultures.

Abstract Growth inhibition of carrot cell suspension cultures by methyl (4-aminobenzensulfonyl carbamate) (asulam) can be reversed by adding p -aminobenzoic acid (PABA) or folic acid to the medium. Double reciprocal plots of growth and antagonist concentration indicate the inhibition to be competitive. The reversal by PABA and folic acid results from the structural relationship of asulam and PABA and the substituted sulfonamides. Components of C 1 metabolism that were ineffective in reversing asulam inhibition included: adenine, thymine, dimethyl glycine, sarcosine, choline, glycine, serine, ethanolamine, methionine, formylmethionine and pantothenic acid.
Prayers in Stone: Christian Science Architecture in the United States, 1894-1930

The classical revival style of architecture made famous by the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago left its mark on one of the most sustained classical building movements in American architectural history: the Christian Science church building movement. By 1920, every major American city and many smaller towns contained an example of this architecture, financed by the followers of Mary Baker Eddy, the church's founder. These buildings represented a new, burgeoning American institution that appealed to business people and to young men and women working to succeed. Characterized by middle-class congregations that in the early part of the century were over 75 percent women, Christian Science suggested radical civic reform solutions based on an idealistic and pragmatic individualism. It attracted criticism from traditional churches and from the medical establishment due to its rapid growth and to its reinstatement of primitive Christianity's lost elements of physical healing and moral regeneration. "Prayers in Stone" spins out the close connections between Christian Science church architecture and its social context. This architecture served as a focal point for debates over the possibilities for a new twentieth-century urban architecture that proponents believed would positively shape the behavior of citizens. Thus these buildings played a critical role in discussions concerning religious and secular architecture as major elements of religious and social reform. Drawing on a wide range of documentary evidence, including material from the archives of the Mother Church in Boston, Paul Ivey uses Christian Science architecture to explore the social implications of architectural styles and new building technologies, to illuminate class-based notions of civic reform and beautification, and to investigate the use of architecture to bring about religious and social change. In addition, the book explores complex gender issues, including early attempts to define a professional space for women as Christian Science practitioners. Lavishly illustrated, "Prayers in Stone" focuses on four major city arenas of Christian Science building-Boston, Chicago, New York, and the San Francisco Bay area to demonstrate the vital intersection of architecture and religion at the so-called margins of American society.
Aquatic photochemistry of chlorinated triclosan derivatives: potential source of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins.

Triclosan (TCS; 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol), a common antimicrobial agent, may react with residual chlorine in tap water during transport to wastewater treatment plants or during chlorine disinfection of wastewater, generating chlorinated TCS derivatives (CTDs): 4,5-dichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (4-Cl-TCS), 5,6-dichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (6-C1-TCS), and 4,5,6-trichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (4,6-Cl-TCS). The photochemistry of CTDs was investigated due to the potential formation of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) photoproducts. Photolysis rates were highly dependent upon CTD speciation, because the phenolate species degraded 44 to 586 times faster than the phenol forms. Photolysis quantum yield values for TCS, 4-Cl-TCS, 6-Cl-TCS, and 4,6-Cl-TCS of 0.39, 0.07, 0.29, and 0.05, respectively, were determined for the phenolate species. Photolyses performed in Mississippi River and Lake Josephine (USA) waters gave similar quantum yields as buffered, pure water at the same pH, indicating that indirect photolysis processes involving photosensitization of dissolved organic matter are not competitive with direct photolysis. The photochemical conversion of the three CTDs to PCDDs under solar irradiation was confirmed in natural and buffered, pure water at yields of 0.5 to 2.5%. The CTD-derived PCDDs possess higher toxicities than 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a previously identified photoproduct of TCS, due to their higher chlorine substitution in the lateral positions. The load of TCS- and CTD-derived PCDDs to United States surface waters is estimated to be between 46 and 92 g toxicity equivalent units per year. Other identified photoproducts of each CTD were 2,4-dichlorophenol and reductive dechlorination products.
Reverse Logistics in the Automobile Aftermarket Industry

Reverse logistics is one of the toughest supply chain challenges. One approach to achieving more effective reverse logistics is to adopt a relationship‐oriented perspective. Two aspects of a relationship‐orientation ‐ trust and relationship commitment ‐ were examined by surveying senior marketing and logistics personnel from the automotive aftermarket industry. Relationship commitment was found to mediate the relationship between trust and reverse logistics performance. Reverse logistics program performance was found to be more effective and efficient when relationship commitment was present.
Molecular reaction dynamics by the crossed molecular beam technique: a few recent examples

Several recent examples are presented of experimental studies by the author and his co-workers on the microscopic chemical dynamics of elementary reactions via the crossed molecular beam technique. The reactions investigated include the following: Figure options Download full-size image Download as PowerPoint slide
Evaluation of the WOCSS Wind Analysis Scheme for the San Francisco Bay Area

Abstract Applications of the Winds on Critical Streamline Surfaces (WOCSS) model in the San Francisco Bay Area are described. Three case studies, chosen to represent important classes of airflow in the region, were conducted. Two cases involved a prevailing northeasterly flow with or without an inversion, and the third case involved northeasterly flow at the time of the Oakland hills firestorm of 20 October 1991. The dependence of model results (surface winds) on input winds and on the specification of inversion topography is discussed. Dependable results are produced with relatively few well-placed surface observations and with a single sounding. The results suggest that the model is quite suitable for routine, real-time analyses and other practical applications.
Regulatory T Cells in Ischemic Stroke: Helpful or Hazardous?

Research in the cerebrovascular field has focused recently on stroke-associated inflammatory processes. These studies produced important results and demonstrated, for instance, that stroke-associated infections are a substantial risk factor for a stroke to occur.1 In addition, the stroke itself was associated with an immunodeficiency-like syndrome.2 This immunodeficient constellation is currently thought to act as a potential inducer for poststroke infections, such as pneumonia, and to influence the final neurological outcome. Consequently, early clinical trials tested the hypothesis of improving outcome preventing infections by a prophylactic antibiotic treatment. These studies indeed revealed reduced …
Effect of precipitation sampling error on simulated hydrological fluxes and states: Anticipating the Global Precipitation Measurement satellites

[1] Precipitation is the single most important determinant of the fluxes and states of the land surface hydrological system and the most important atmospheric input to hydrological models. Satellite-based precipitation estimates, such as those anticipated from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellites, hold great promise for application in hydrologic simulation and prediction, especially in parts of the world where surface observation networks are sparse. However, the usefulness of these precipitation products for hydrological applications will depend on their error characteristics. Of particular interest in satellite-derived precipitation estimates is the sampling error, that is, the error in accumulated precipitation due to periodic sampling of the precipitation rate. To assess the effect of this error on simulated hydrological fluxes and states, synthetic error fields were imposed on an observation-based 1/2° latitude/longitude gridded precipitation data set. In turn, the generated precipitation fields were used as input to a macroscale hydrology model (MHM). Our results show that (1) streamflow errors were large for small drainage areas but decreased rapidly for drainage areas larger than about 50,000 km2. Much of the streamflow error is associated with fast (near-surface) runoff response. (2) Streamflow estimates were biased upward due to sampling errors, with the bias increasing with sampling interval and with drainage area. Evapotranspiration was biased downward in a compensating amount. (3) Spatial correlation of precipitation errors reduced the rate at which errors decreased with drainage area for all variables investigated, but the differences between the correlated and uncorrelated error cases were smaller for streamflow and evapotranspiration than for precipitation.
Endocytic adaptors – social networking at the plasma membrane

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a dynamic process that is crucial for maintaining plasma membrane composition and controlling cell-signaling pathways. A variety of entry routes have evolved to ensure that the vast array of molecules on the cell surface can be differentially internalized by endocytosis. This diversity has extended to include a growing list of endocytic adaptor proteins, which are thought to initiate the internalization process. The key function of adaptors is to select the proteins that should be removed from the cell surface. Thus, they have a central role in defining the physiology of a cell. This has made the study of adaptor proteins a very active area of research that is ripe for exciting future discoveries. Here, we review recent work on how adaptors mediate endocytosis and address the following questions: what characteristics define an endocytic adaptor protein? What roles do these proteins fulfill in addition to selecting cargo and how might adaptors function in clathrin-independent endocytic pathways? Through the findings discussed in this Commentary, we hope to stimulate further characterization of known adaptors and expansion of the known repertoire by identification of new adaptors.
Neonatal repair of Ebstein's anomaly: indications, surgical technique, and medium-term follow-up.

Abstract Background . Ebstein's anomaly in the severely symptomatic neonate is usually fatal. Because the mortality for various surgical interventions has been prohibitively high, the indications for operation in these critically ill neonates are unclear. Methods . We reviewed our results with biventricular repair of three consecutive severely symptomatic neonates (2.8 to 3.2 kg) at our institution since 1994. Each had associated complex cardiac pathology, including multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (n = 1), pulmonary stenosis with functional pulmonary atresia (n = 1), and anatomic pulmonary atresia (n = 1). Preoperatively, all infants had severe tricuspid regurgitation, Great Ormond Street Ebstein echocardiogram scores greater than 1.3:1 (grade 3 or 4) and cardiothoracic ratio greater than 0.85. Two patients were severely cyanotic. Hepatic and renal insufficiency with diffuse coagulopathy was present preoperatively in two patients. Surgical repair consisted of (1) reconstruction of a competent monocuspid tricuspid valve, (2) right ventriculorrhaphy, (3) subtotal closure of atrial septal defect (ASD), (4) aggressive reduction atrioplasty, and (5) repair of all associated cardiac defects. Results . There were no early or late deaths. All patients are currently asymptomatic, without medications, and in sinus rhythm. At 5-year follow-up, trivial tricuspid regurgitation is present in 1 and mild regurgitation in 2 patients. On the basis of these results and review of the current literature, we propose new indications for surgical repair in the neonate with Ebstein's anomaly. Conclusions . Biventricular repair of Ebstein's anomaly in the critically ill neonate is feasible and medium-term durability of the repair is excellent. Therefore, conventional management of these patients should be revised and early surgical repair encouraged.
Surface plasmon enhanced P3HT:PCBM photovoltaic devices

A reduction of material consumption in thin-film photovoltaic devices can make solar energy economically more viable. However, since thin films essentially absorb less light, there is an imminent need for existing technology to improve light harvesting. We present an effective approach of better light absorption, enhanced photocurrent generation and therefore higher quantum efficiency of poly (3-hexylthiophene): 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-phenyl-[6, 6]-methanofullerene (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction photovoltaic/photodetector devices. We have integrated a thin semi-continuous gold film (SCGF) (~20nm) sputtered at percolation threshold between the active P3HT:PCBM layer and the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode. At critical metal concentrations, i.e. percolation threshold, the light reaching the SCGF undergoes a broadband trapping with characteristic time of 200 fs, through complex interactions with fractal gold clusters. This thin SCGF together with the ITO serves as an anode. The interface between SCGF and the polymer represents the metaldielectric composite (MDC) that supports broad-band surface plasmon resonances that store electromagnetic radiation at the nanoscale and acts as an effective bulk type of concentrator without the need of increasing the photovoltaic device physical collection area. Here we report a six-fold enhancement in the integral quantum efficiency over the solar spectrum for device employing plasmon-active gold layer. Such enhancement is an important contribution for the future design of more efficient photodetecting/photovoltaic devices. The experimental results are supported by the theoretical modeling of metal-dielectric composites by block elimination method in 3D. The AC and DC responses of MDC, local field distribution, broad optical response and photon trapping in the percolating MDC were numerically calculated.
Rules for Performing Steps in the Reference Process

The thirteen steps in the reference process are discussed in terms of objectives, facts, and rules for handling the facts. Rules for the steps in the reference process are then discussed in terms of today's mixed online and printed sources environment as well as in an online sources only environment.
The role of energy expenditure in energy regulation: findings from a decade of research

The role of energy expenditure in energy regulation remains a subject of continuing controversy. New data have emerged from studies conducted over the last decade demonstrating that energy expenditure is a critical factor contributing to successful energy regulation in normal individuals, as well as to the disregulation of energy balance that characterizes obesity. Reduced energy expenditure appears to facilitate weight gain in individuals susceptible to obesity and also appears to reduce the extent of body energy loss during undereating in both lean and obese individuals. The magnitude of the reduction in energy expenditure during, and perhaps after, weight loss is greater than expected on the basis of the reduction in body weight and appears to occur in response to undefined underlying determinants of energy regulation. In addition, exercise intervention studies and cross-sectional investigations of the relationship between energy expenditure for physical activity and body composition demonstrate an apparent equilibration between physical activity and body fat content. This equilibration is suggestive of a direct influence of physical activity on the underlying metabolic determinants of energy balance.
Stress- and morphine-induced elevations of plasma and tissue cholesterol in mice: reversal by naltrexone.

Abstract Our earlier studies indicated that stress-induced facilitation of gallstone formation could be prevented by the opiate antagonist naltrexone. In view of the possible link between gallstone formation and atherosclerosis, the present study examined the possibility that endogenous opioids might also mediate stress-induced hypercholesterolemia. A 28-day immobilization stress schedule was used to induce increases in plasma, aortic and liver cholesterol of mice maintained on a high cholesterol diet. These stress-induced increases in plasma, hepatic and aortic cholesterol were reversed by pretrcatment with the opiate antagonist, naltrexone (1 mg/kg). Exposure of mice to morphine (0.1% in the drinking water for 28 days) resulted in elevations of plasma, liver, and aortic cholesterol levels, similar to those observed following immobilization. In contrast, chronic exposure to the peripherally restricted opiate agonist, loperamide (0.1% in the drinking water for 28 days), was ineffective. The antagonism by naltrexone and duplication by morphine but not loperamide suggest that stress-induced hypercholesterolemia may require the activation of central endogenous opioid systems.
An Investigation on the Microstructure Evolution of Al-5Ti Alloys during an ECAP-CASTEX Process

Al-5Ti alloy wires with fine grain microstructures were prepared via a continuousequal channel angular pressing process with 1 to 4 passes in a castingextrusion (CASTEX) equipment equipped with a multi-channel die. The evolutionof Al-5Ti alloy microstructure during each forming pass was investigated. Thefracture of TiAl3 particle phases during deformation, as well astheir interaction with deformation, was also analyzed. The results proved that thecontinuous equal channel angular pressing process can effectively refine Almatrix structure and TiAl3 particle phases, improve thestrengthening effect of TiAl3 reinforcing particles on the matrixmetal and produce wires with fine grain microstructure.
A docking site in MKK4 mediates high affinity binding to JNK MAPKs and competes with similar docking sites in JNK substrates.

Specific docking interactions between MAPKs and their activating MAPK kinases (MKKs or MEKs) are crucial for efficient and accurate signal transmission. Here, we report the identification of a MAPK-docking site, or “D-site,” in the N terminus of human MKK4/JNKK1. This docking site conforms to the consensus sequence for known D-sites in other MKKs and contains the first of the two cleavage sites for anthrax lethal factor protease that have been found in the N terminus of MKK4. This docking site was both necessary and sufficient for the high affinity binding of the MAPKs JNK1, JNK2, JNK3, p38α, and p38β to MKK4. Mutations that altered conserved residues in this docking site reduced JNK/p38 binding. In addition, a peptide version of this docking site, as well as a peptide version of the JNK-binding site of the JIP-1 scaffold protein, inhibited both MKK4/JNK binding and MKK4-mediated phosphorylation of JNK1. These same peptides also inhibited JNK2-mediated phosphorylation of c-Jun and ATF2, suggesting that transcription factors, MKK4, and the JIP scaffold compete for docking to JNK. Finally, the selectivity of the MKK4, MEK1, and MEK2 D-sites for JNK versus ERK was quantified. The MEK1 and MEK2 D-sites displayed a strong selectivity for their cognate MAPK (ERK2) versus a non-cognate MAPK (JNK). In contrast, the MKK4 D-site exhibited only limited selectivity for JNK versus ERK.
Predicting sleep apnea in morbidly obese adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery

In adults, the association between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is established, and many are concerned OSA increases surgical risk. Pre-operative screening for OSA is standard, and this is also the case in adolescent bariatric surgery. We noted many of our patients were without significant OSA, despite being obese. We reviewed our experience with screening polysomnography (PSG) to determine any predictive variables or complications. All bariatric surgery patients from our hospital who had undergone PSG were included, and were stratified into ‘OSA’ or ‘no OSA’ by obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI), as well as by sex. A total of 49 adolescents enrolled during the study period: 10 males and 39 females. OSA prevalence was 42.9 %; males 80 %, females 33.3 %. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and prevalence of hypertension were significantly higher in patients with OSA. By sex, females also had more metabolic syndrome and witnessed apneas, while only weight and BMI remained significant in males. There were no peri-operative complications. Despite uniform obesity, less than half our adolescents had significant OSA on PSG. As no modeling exists to predict OSA in morbidly obese adolescents, we continue to recommend routine PSG, especially in higher weight and BMI patients, and those with hypertension.
Sulfur Source and Placement Effects on Forage Yield and Quality of Established Tall Fescue

Previous research indicates that tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) may respond to S fertilization. However, data are limited concerning S management options to improve yield and quality of tall fescue. Thus, a field study was conducted from 1988 to 1990 to determine the effects of S source (ammonium thiosulfate [ATS] and ammonium sulfate [AS]), rate (17 and 34 kg S ha -1 ), and placement (broadcast, dribble [surface band], and knife [subsurface band]) on yield and quality of established, endophyte-infected tall fescue. Compared with a no-fertilizer control, adding N alone more than doubled hay production, to 7.15 Mg ha -1 , but the addition of fertilizer S had little effect on early-season production or later hay yields. Sulfur fertilization, especially in the ATS form, increased tissue S concentration, lowered N/S ratios, and, to a lesser extent, increased tissue N concentration in the hay harvest. Few differences in measured parameters were related to S rate. Correlation analyses suggested that lowering N/S ratios may reduce neutral-detergent fiber content and improve in vitro dry matter digestibility. Fescue sampled to simulate grazing in early spring was lower in yield and tissue S concentrations, but higher in N/S ratios, when S was knifed rather than surface applied. At hay harvest, knifing fertilizers increased yield approximately 20% and increased N concentration by 10% compared with surface application methods, but produced lower in vitro dry matter digestibility.
Ligand-Dependent Exponential Amplification of a Self-Replicating l-RNA Enzyme

A nuclease-resistant RNA enzyme, constructed entirely from L-ribonucleotides, was shown to undergo ligand-dependent, self-sustained replication with exponential growth. The catalytic motif is based on a previously described RNA ligase that can undergo either self- or cross-replication but had been limited in its application to ligand sensing due to its susceptibility to degradation by ribonucleases. The self-replicating RNA enzyme and its RNA substrates were prepared synthetically from either D- or L-nucleoside phosphoramidites. The D and L reaction systems undergo isothermal, ligand-dependent exponential amplification in the same manner, but only the l system is impervious to ribonucleases and can operate, for example, in the presence of human serum. This system has potential for the quantitative detection of various ligands that are present within biological or environmental samples. In addition, this work provides the first demonstration of the self-sustained exponential amplification of nonbiological molecules.
Complete clinical remission of psoriasis 6 months after renal transplantation.

Abstract Background Psoriasis, one of the most common immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the skin is mediated by activated effector T cells. Case Report We report a case of a 56-year-old white man with a 22-year history of severe psoriasis vulgaris with plaque and joint involvement, who experienced a complete clinical remission after renal transplantation. The patient had been on hemodialysis for 6 years because of chronic renal failure caused by an undetermined chronic nephropathy. Psoriasis, which worsened over the years, was symmetrically distributed as erythematous scaly plaques that had increased until they covered about 50% of the body surface, involving mainly the abdomen, legs, back, and arms. The patient also complained of severe itching an responsive to drugs. He had been treated with topical and systemic corticosteroids and phototherapy several times without benefit. After renal transplantation he underwent immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and tacrolimus (Advagraf, beginning starting dose 1 mg/kg/day, C0 10 ng/mL). Results From the early days post-surgery the patient reported a fast improvement in the itching with progressive reduction of the skin lesions. After 4 months follow-up the psoriasis had completely regressed, presumably due to the immunosuppressive regimen. Conclusion This finding suggests that systemic immunosuppressive drugs may be useful for psoriasis an responsive to conventional therapy.
Effects of individuals' psychological states on their satisfaction with the GSS process

The use of group support systems (GSS) to improve the outcomes of, and satisfaction with, meetings is increasing. Our empirical study, drawing on the theory of job design, was initiated to investigate the relative contribution of both individual and group characteristics on GSS participants' satisfaction with the process. Our field study found that when employees used a GSS to brainstorm on an issue of concern, two individual characteristics (locus of control and personal innovativeness) and one group characteristic (group cohesion) had significant impact on user satisfaction with the meeting process. Locus of control, however, was found to have an impact in the opposite direction to our assumptions. Computer anxiety, an individual characteristic, was not found to be significant.
Fluorodeoxyglucose and calcium uptake in the vascular wall: clinically relevant or sugar-coated pill?

As nuclear cardiology has developed a broader ceptual base, moving from classical precepts of ems physiology to molecular and cell biology, there been increasing interest in the study of the vasculain addition to classical studies that have focused on myocyte. Experiments in laboratory animals and an beings have used a variety of new biologically vant targets for imaging the blood vessel wall, such ow-density lipoprotein cholesterol, oxidized lowsity lipoprotein cholesterol, macrophages, cellular ptosis, integrins such as v 3, matrix metalloproes, and cathepsins. There has been substantial rest in the macrophage as an imaging target, based on reness of this cell’s fundamental importance in the ogy and progression of atherosclerosis. Macroges clearly play an important role in the development laque vulnerability and hence are a real risk factor for ue rupture, erosion, and resultant intravascular mbosis. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation in the vessel wall has been shown to correspond to of macrophage infiltration. Presumably, the augted metabolic activity of macrophages leads to local uptake sufficient to allow visualization with tron emission tomography (PET). In the smaller nary arteries FDG uptake has been noted with ially designed intravascular catheter-based radiation ctors. A large body of data has accumulated cerning the relevance of vascular calcification by puted tomography (CT) to the atherosclerotic pro. Visualized vascular calcification generally signifies ore advanced or mature stage of the atherosclerotic ess.
Sport Fan Team Identification Formation in Mid-Level Professional Sport

Abstract Team identification, the degree to which an individual feels psychologically linked to a team, has been a focal point in studies of sport fans and sport spectatorship (e.g. Fink et al., 2002; Jones, 1997; Wann & Branscombe, 1993; Wann & Dolan, 1994; Wann & Schrader, 1997). Although the development of team identification has been examined extensively in established sport markets, the purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between sport fan team identification and motivations for initially becoming a fan of a new mid-level professional sport in a new market. A convenience sample of spectators (N=351) at an American Arena Football League (AFL) game completed a survey designed to identify and measure this relationship. A simultaneous multiple regression analysis revealed significant and positive predictive value for team identification from the following reasons for becoming a fan: parents and/or family (β=.125, p<.05), born and/or live in area (β=.210, p<.001), players and/or coaches (β...
Composition of fractions prepared from Sarcina lutea protoplasts

Abstract The composition of “particulate” and “cytoplasmic” fractions from lysates of Sarcina lutea protoplasts has been investigated. The particulate material contained primarily protein and lipid, but its composition was, at least in part, a function of the method by which it was prepared. The particulate fraction contained essentially all of the carotenoid and respiratory pigments of the cell. The cytoplasmic material contained protein, lipid and almost all of the nucleic acid of the protoplast. By ultracentrifugal analysis of this fraction, 4 boundaries were obtained, with sedimentation coefficients of approx. 37, 26, 8 and 4 S.
Progress in the discovery of volcanic craters on the Alaska peninsula

Mr. Sargent gave a description, illustrated with lantern slides, of two new craters on the Peninsula to the west of Aniakchak crater which was explored a few years ago. The first of the two is much smaller than Aniakchak. The second is of large size, with a higher rim than Aniakchak, and a diameter of several miles. It is at present filled with snow and ice which supply a number of glaciers on the sides of the mountain, but there is evidence that it has been active in recent times. Descriptions and maps will be published later by the Geological Survey.
The Interaction between geminivirus pathogenicity proteins and adenosine kinase leads to increased expression of primary cytokinin-responsive genes

Pathogenicity proteins (AL2/C2) of begomo- and curtoviruses suppress silencing through inhibition of the methyl cycle, as a consequence of inhibiting adenosine kinase (ADK). ADK phosphorylates cytokinin nucleosides, helping maintain a pool of bioactive cytokinins through interconversion of free-bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. We provide evidence that inhibiting ADK affects expression of primary cytokinin-responsive genes. Specifically, we demonstrate increased activity of a primary cytokinin-responsive promoter in adk mutant Arabidopsis plants, and in response to silencing ADK expression or inhibiting ADK activity in transient assays. Similar changes in expression are observed in geminivirus infected tissue and when AL2/C2 are over-expressed. Increased cytokinin-responsive promoter activity may therefore be a consequence of an ADK/AL2/C2 interaction. Application of exogenous cytokinin increases susceptibility to geminivirus infection, characterized by a reduced mean latent period and enhanced viral replication. Thus, ADK appears to be a high value target of geminiviruses that includes increasing expression of primary cytokinin-responsive genes.
Using nanosecond pulse near-field sensing technology for non-contact cardiovascular parameters measurement

Clinically arterial stiffness has shown that it is the most important cause of cardiovascular complications and also an independent risk factor to several cardiovascular diseases. In routine, there are many preferable non-invasive methods, including pressure-sensitive transducers, applanation tonometry, Doppler ultrasound and MRI, to get insight of cardiovascular condition. However, the operation of traditional monitors is relied on professionals' experience, and also the sensing probes needed to exert pressure to the user directly. The measurement procedure is short-term and easy to cause discomfort. To improve the issues of these measuring techniques, the non-contact and non-invasive measuring method will become an important innovation. In this paper, the novel nanosecond pulse near-field sensing (NPNS) based screening technology, which includes radio frequency (RF) pulse transmission and a flat antenna connected to transceiver of miniature radar, is proposed to monitor cardiovascular activity. A dedicated analysis software is also provided to calculate cardiovascular parameters, including PWV, average systolic time, reflection index (RI), heart and heart rate variability (HRV), for clinical applications. To evaluate the performance, the proposed method was applied on aortic pulse measurement at the body site of chest. As a result, it shows 0.92 correlations with the measurement result from commercial product, and performs the capability of continuously long-term monitoring in real-time.
Colony morphology, cell growth and viral radiosensitivity as parameters for detecting strain differences in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Several parameters of two lymphocyte-transforming Epstein-Barr viruses (EBVs), B95-8 and Olare, derived from infectious mononucleosis (IM) and African Bur-kitt's lymphoma (BL), respectively, were compared to determine if there were biological differences between Epstein-Barr viral strains. Morphology of transformed colonies, growth of transformed cell lines, sensitivity to UV light and X-irradiation, as well as EBV-related, antigens were investigated in autochthonous cell lines. The morphology of transformed colonies was found to differ consistently both in new transformants and in lines which had been continuously growing in culture for almost I year. The BL transformants grew to greater density than did the IM transformants, and BL-derived virus was more sensitive to both UV light and X-irradiation. No immunologic differences were noted in the strains in assays performed for EBV-related antigens.
Government size and macroeconomic stability: A comment

Abstract We show that in a standard, technology shock-driven one-sector real business cycle model, the stabilization effects of government fiscal policy depend crucially on how labor hours enter the household's period utility function and the associated labor-market behavior. In particular, as Gali [European Economic Review 38 (1994), 117–132] has shown, when the household utility is logarithmic in both consumption and leisure, income taxes are destabilizing and government purchases are stabilizing. However, the results are reversed when preferences are instead convex in hours worked. That is, income taxes are now stabilizing and public spending is destabilizing. Furthermore, under both preference specifications, the magnitude of cyclical fluctuations in output remains unchanged when the income tax rate and the share of government purchases in GDP are equal (including laissez-faire).
Application of partially coherent wavefront propagation calculations for design of coherence-preserving synchrotron radiation beamlines

Abstract Ultra-low emittance third-generation synchrotron radiation (SR) sources, such as NSLS-II and MAX-IV, will offer excellent opportunities for further development of experimental techniques exploiting X-ray coherence. However, even in these new SR sources, the radiation produced by relativistic electrons (in undulators, wigglers and bending magnets) will remain only partially coherent in the X-ray spectral range. “Extraction” of “coherent portion” of the radiation flux and its transport to sample without loss of coherence must be performed by dedicated SR beamlines, optimized for particular types of experiments. Detailed quantitative prediction of partially coherent X-ray beam properties at propagation through optical elements, which is required for the optimization of such beamlines, can only be obtained from accurate and efficient physical-optics based numerical simulations. Examples of such simulations, made for NSLS-II beamlines, using “Synchrotron Radiation Workshop” (SRW) computer code, are presented. Special attention is paid to the numerical analysis of the basic properties of partially coherent undulator radiation beam and its distinctions from the Gaussian beam. Performance characteristics of importance for particular beamlines, such as radiation spot size and flux at sample vs size of secondary source aperture for high-resolution microscopy beamlines, are predicted by the simulations.
A unique population of cd34+ cells in cord blood

Human umbilical cord blood (CB) is a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells for both research and stem cell transplantation. In clinical studies, it appears that recovery from myeloablative therapy using CB requires significantly fewer cells than a typical allogeneic marrow transplant. This suggests that CB may be enriched for early hematopoietic progenitors. The present studies were undertaken to determine the presence of CD34+ cells in CB with the phenotypic characteristics of multipotential stem cells. In 22 CB harvests, the average percentage of CD34+ cells was 1.33 +/- 0.21% (SE), a value similar to that in adult normal bone marrows (BM). However, the distribution of CD34+ cells was distinctly different from either BM or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood stem cell harvests. CB contained a defined population of brightly staining CD34+ cells with low side scatter. These CD34 (bright) cells comprised a mean of 14.5 +/- 2.5% of the CB CD34+ cells, whereas < 1% of BM CD34+ cells has been shown to be CD34- bright. Eighty-five to ninety percent were negative for three antigens expressed at an early stage of stem cell maturation: CD38, HLA-DR and LFA-1. Fifty-five percent of these CD34 (bright) cells did not express the CD45RA isoform, an additional marker of immaturity. The antigen-bright cells also lacked lineage-specific antigens including CD33, CD56, CD19, CD10 and CD7 as well as CD71. Approximately 46% were Thy-1+, and 40% expressed c-kit receptors. These data suggest that, by phenotypic criteria, CB may be a particularly enriched source of primitive hematopoietic precursors.
Business integration in a learning organization: the role of management development

Explores difficulties involved in business integration by providing data from an in‐depth scholarly consulting project. Focuses on the barriers that exist and emerge in the form of defensive actions and routines that tend to undermine existing core competencies as well as the formation of new core competencies. These individual and organizational barriers tend to inhibit the very kind of organizational learning critical for sustainable competitive advantage, i.e. the ability of an organization to double‐loop learn, and to reframe and reshape its competence in an evolving business environment. Argues that a kind of management development in action is required to help managers address the defensive routines in the organization or articulate and disseminate workable solutions they find in the midst of practice. This kind of management development helps practitioners to interpenetrate each others’ theories of practice and goes beyond the traditional stance of many organization and management developers to focus on “process”. Management development in action requires an integration of “process” and “content” and reframes the debate between these two positions by proposing an inquiring and designing stance towards causal reasoning in action.
Risk factors for fracture among current, persistent users of bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonate therapy reduces fracture risk but does not eliminate fracture occurrence. We determined the fracture incidence and risk factors for fractures among 14,674 bisphosphonate users in a community setting. Bisphosphonate users remained at risk of fracture, and additional measures to prevent fractures in these patients would be beneficial. Bisphosphonate therapy reduces but does not eliminate fracture occurrence. The incidence of fracture and risk factors for fractures among persistent, current users of bisphosphonates in a community setting have not been well studied. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 14,674 bisphosphonate users in a health maintenance organization. Patients were followed until a 3-month gap in therapy, creating a pool of highly compliant [mean medication possession ratio (MPR) of 94 %] current users. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify risk factors for fractures among these persistent, current users. There were 867 fractures over the period of observation or 3.7 fractures per 100 users per year. Older patients who take multiple medications, have lower bone mineral density, have a history of prior fracture, and suffer from particular comorbidities (i.e., dementia, chronic kidney disease, and rheumatoid arthritis) are at higher risk of fracture while taking bisphosphonates. Persistent, current bisphosphonate users remain at risk of fracture, and additional measures to prevent fractures in these patients would be of benefit.
A concise total synthesis of (-)-quinocarcin via aryne annulation.

Described in this report is a rapid asymmetric total synthesis of the tetrahydroisoquinoline antitumor antibiotic (−)-quinocarcin. The sequence employs a mild fluoride-induced aryne annulation developed in our laboratories to build a key isoquinoline-containing intermediate comprising the entire carbon scaffold of the natural product. This intermediate is advanced through six additional steps to the target alkaloid, providing the shortest synthetic route to (−)-quinocarcin reported to date.
Adsorption of methyl radicals on the oxygen-modified Mo(100) surface

The adsorption and surface reactions of free gas phase methyl radicals on oxygen-modified Mo(100) have been studied using a combination of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Methyl radicals were found to adsorb on the surface at room temperature. Upon heating the surface methyl groups decompose to form surface hydrogen. The surface hydrogen hydrogenates the remaining intact methyl groups leading to methane which desorbs from the surface. The carbon produced by dehydrogenation combines with surface oxygen to yield CO. Comparison of the surface chemistry and the measured C(1s) binding energy with surface methoxy and with CH 3 bonded to metal surfaces indicates that the methyl groups are primarily bonded to surface metal atoms to form a metal alkyl rather than to surface oxygen
Preferential pairing of T and B cells for production of antibodies without covalent association of T and B epitopes

T cell from H-2b mice recognize at least 12 sequence regions on the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (TAChR) alpha, gamma and delta subunits. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with individual synthetic TAChR sequences known to contain CD4+ epitopes resulted in most cases (10 out of 12 peptides) in anti-peptide antibody (Ab) production, indicating that short TAChR sequences contain both CD4+ and B epitopes. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with a mixture of a CD4+ epitope peptide, from the TAChR or from an unrelated protein, plus another TAChR sequence forming a "pure" B epitope (T alpha 63-80), induced in most cases anti-peptide Ab and CD4+ cell sensitization only against the peptide containing the CD4+ epitope. However, when the T epitope peptide T alpha 360-378 was co-injected with the B epitope, Ab were also produced against the B epitope peptide. Injection of the individual peptides T alpha 360-378 and T alpha 63-80 at different and distant sites along the back of mice elicited sensitization of CD4+ cells and Ab production only against peptide T alpha 360-378. Therefore, when optimal cooperation between T and B cells occurs, spatial proximity but not covalent association of the B and the CD4+ epitope is necessary for production of Ab against the B epitope.
Impaired Sensorimotor Gating in Unmedicated Adults with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Functional and structural imaging studies suggest that obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms arise from dysfunction in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. It has therefore been hypothesized that neurophysiological tasks subserved by these circuits should be abnormal in OCD patients. One neurocognitive probe associated with this circuitry is prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response. PPI deficits are thought to reflect abnormalities in processing and integration of sensory and motor information. Two prior studies found that OCD patients had PPI deficits at single prepulse (PP) intensities. However, most patients in these studies were taking psychotropic medications at the time of PPI testing, and preclinical studies have demonstrated effects of psychotropic medications on PPI. We examined PPI in 22 unmedicated OCD patients and 22 matched healthy controls at three different PP intensities (74, 78, and 86 dB). OCD patients had significantly less PPI across all three PP intensities compared with controls. Exploratory analyses indicated that OCD patients with a history of tics had lower levels of PPI. Our results demonstrate that unmedicated OCD patients have impaired sensorimotor gating as measured by PPI. This indicates that PPI deficits are present in OCD patients and are not the result of medication effects. Our findings also suggest that OCD patients with a history of tics may have greater impairment in sensorimotor gating than the general OCD population. Future studies should be designed to examine whether PPI deficits characterize tic-related OCD.
High-Resolution Mapping of Spontaneous Mitotic Recombination Hotspots on the 1.1 Mb Arm of Yeast Chromosome IV

Although homologous recombination is an important pathway for the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks in mitotically dividing eukaryotic cells, these events can also have negative consequences, such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of deleterious mutations. We mapped about 140 spontaneous reciprocal crossovers on the right arm of the yeast chromosome IV using single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) microarrays. Our mapping and subsequent experiments demonstrate that inverted repeats of Ty retrotransposable elements are mitotic recombination hotspots. We found that the mitotic recombination maps on the two homologs were substantially different and were unrelated to meiotic recombination maps. Additionally, about 70% of the DNA lesions that result in LOH are likely generated during G1 of the cell cycle and repaired during S or G2. We also show that different genetic elements are associated with reciprocal crossover conversion tracts depending on the cell cycle timing of the initiating DSB.
Cognitive Reasoning, Identity Components, and Identity Processing Styles

This study evaluated the hypothesis that relationships between cognitive reasoning processes and the types of identity components (i.e., personal, collective, or social) that individuals emphasize in defining who they are would at least in part be mediated by identity processing styles. Results indicated rational processing was linked positively to a personal identity emphasis and negatively to a social emphasis. Intuitive processing was positively linked to all three identity emphases. As hypothesized, all of the direct relationships were at least partially mediated by identity processing style. Specifically, the positive association between rational processing and a personal identity emphasis was completely mediated by the informational and diffuse-avoidant identity styles. The negative association between rational processing and a social identity emphasis was completely mediated by all three identity styles. The informational and normative styles mediated the structural paths from intuitive processing ...