cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sexual partner testing for HIV to eliminate mother-to-child HIV transmission: a needs assessment in an urban hospital community clinic

To characterize pregnant patients’ knowledge, attitudes and preferences regarding antenatal HIV testing for themselves and their sexual partners. Observational, mixed methods study of HIV-negative pregnant women from a university-based urban clinic. Participants completed an anonymous survey about HIV testing for themselves and their partners. Descriptive statistics, bivariable analyses, multivariable logistic regression and qualitative thematic analysis were utilized. One hundred and forty-two patients (mean age 28.6±5.5 years) participated. A majority (57.7%) were married or partnered, and 92.9% reported having at least one current sexual partner. Although a majority (62.8%) reported their partner had a prior HIV test, and 93.0% of these women were aware of test results, only 20.7% reported partner testing had occurred in the past 6 months. Women who had a prior HIV test, who were older or who were non-white were more likely to be aware of their partner’s HIV status. A majority (66.9%) of women desired knowledge of their partner’s current status and 76.0% believed their partners would like to know his HIV status; in addition, 74% were interested in receiving partner testing at the site of prenatal care. Qualitative analysis demonstrated that health concerns and believing HIV knowledge is important to the relationship were motivators for desiring partner testing. In this urban community, a majority of pregnant women do not know HIV test results of their sexual partner during the current pregnancy. Women desired to know their partner’s HIV status and were receptive to partner testing at the site of prenatal care or other locations. Partner testing may be a critical step toward elimination of seroconversion during pregnancy and maternal-to-child HIV transmission.
Scientifically Supported Practices in Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A Proposed Approach and Brief Review of Current Practices:

Both No Child Left Behind and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act require educators to use research-validated practices in classrooms. And yet education, special education, and the field of emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) continue to show large gaps in the consistent use of best practices. The authors propose that the research-to-practice gap can be traced to the lack of clear, consistent criteria to determine what are research-based practices and the absence of support structures to assist educators in implementing such practices. A four-phase review process was developed based on current recommendations from the E/BD literature, and a brief review of classroom-based strategies was conducted. Four practices were identified as being research based. The authors discuss each of these practices and call for the field of special education, and E/BD in particular, to develop and adopt a universal set of standards to determine research-based practice and look to school systems to support t...
Association of 30-Day Readmission Metric for Heart Failure Under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program With Quality of Care and Outcomes.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine whether processes of care and long-term clinical outcomes for heart failure (HF) admissions across Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) program participating centers differ according to HF-specific risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates (excess readmission ratio [ERR]) as determined by the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP). Background HRRP penalizes hospitals with higher than expected risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates (ERR >1) for common conditions including HF. However, it is unclear whether the differences in this metric of hospital performance used by HRRP and related penalties are associated with measured quality of care and long-term outcomes. Methods We analyzed data from the GWTG-HF registry linked to Medicare claims from July 2008 to June 2011. Using publically available data on HF-ERR in 2013, we stratified the participating centers into groups with low (HF-ERR ≤1) versus high (HF-ERR >1) risk-adjusted readmission rates. We compared the care quality, in-hospital, and 1-year clinical outcomes across the 2 groups in unadjusted and multivariable adjusted analysis. Results The analysis included 171 centers with 43,143 participants; 49% of centers had high risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates (HF-ERR >1). There were no differences between the low and high risk-adjusted 30-day readmission groups in median adherence rate to all performance measures (95.7% vs. 96.5%; p = 0.37) or median percentage of defect-free care (90.0% vs. 91.1%; p = 0.47). The composite 1-year outcome of death or all-cause readmission rates was also not different between the 2 groups (median 62.9% vs. 65.3%; p = 0.10). The high HF-ERR group had higher 1-year all-cause readmission rates (median 59.1% vs. 54.7%; p = 0.01). However, the 1-year mortality rates were lower among high versus low HF-ERR group with a trend toward statistical significance (median 28.2% vs. 31.7%; p = 0.07). Conclusions Quality of care and clinical outcomes were comparable among hospitals with high versus low risk-adjusted 30-day HF readmission rates. These findings raise questions about the validity of the HRRP performance metric in identifying and penalizing low-performance centers.
Promising Pedagogy: Advancing the Educational Experience of Queer Students Through Transformative Leadership

The school experience for queer youth is often quite different from that of their heterosexual and gender-conforming peers; yet it is often the c ase that little attention is given to the disparate and inequitable educational and social conditions under which lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) youth must learn. In fact, the entirety of pedagogical structures in many schools creates milieus where queer youth, those who have loved ones who are queer, and those who are merely perceived to be queer are systematically marginalized and deprived of their right to a safe, supportive, and equitable educational experience. Transformative leadership theory (TLT) inspires educational leaders to create inclusive and excellent schools for all youth. Neither a prescriptive model nor a process-oriented theory, TLT offers eight tenets that operate in concert to form an authentic way of being informing and guiding leaders' decisions and actions toward the goal of individual, organizational, and societal change.
Nanomaterials and Global Sustainability

Nanomaterials provide tremendous opportunities to advance human welfare in many areas including energy storage, catalysis, photovoltaic energy conversion, environmental remediation, and agriculture. As nanomaterials become incorporated into commercial processes and consumer products in increasing amounts, it will be essential to develop an understanding of how these materials interact with the environment. The broad spectrum and complexity of nanomaterials drive a need for molecular-level design rules. Ultimately a grand challenge is to use the power of chemistry to ensure that nanoenabled technologies can come to fruition in an environmentally benign manner.
Global Action Art Therapy: Cross-Cultural Experiences in South Korea (Art-thérapie d'action mondiale : expériences interculturelles en corée du sud)

ABSTRACTIn a rapidly globalizing world, many art therapy programs in the US have encouraged short-term international social action courses in their curriculum. Although there are many benefits to participating in these courses, research reveals that participants' lack of multicultural competency offers a major challenge to sustaining long-term results. The present study describes art therapy students' experiences in South Korea. The study collected data on the processes and outcomes of intercultural learning and cross-cultural competence. Results indicated that students gained personal and professional growth through therapeutic and educational self-reflection.
An Examination of the Impacts of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity on the Judicial Processing of Offenders in Family Violence Cases:

Using the focal concerns perspective, the present study examined possible gender, race, and ethnic disparities on judges’ pretrial release, incarceration, and sentence length decisions in family vi...
The Prevalence of Cosmetic Facial Plastic Procedures among Facial Plastic Surgeons.

This is the first study to report on the prevalence of cosmetic facial plastic surgery use among facial plastic surgeons. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency with which facial plastic surgeons have cosmetic procedures themselves. A secondary aim is to determine whether trends in usage of cosmetic facial procedures among facial plastic surgeons are similar to that of nonsurgeons. The study design was an anonymous, five-question, Internet survey distributed via email set in a single academic institution. Board-certified members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) were included in this study. Self-reported history of cosmetic facial plastic surgery or minimally invasive procedures were recorded. The survey also queried participants for demographic data. A total of 216 members of the AAFPRS responded to the questionnaire. Ninety percent of respondents were male (n = 192) and 10.3% were female (n = 22). Thirty-three percent of respondents were aged 31 to 40 years (n = 70), 25% were aged 41 to 50 years (n = 53), 21.4% were aged 51 to 60 years (n = 46), and 20.5% were older than 60 years (n = 44). Thirty-six percent of respondents had a surgical cosmetic facial procedure and 75% has at least one minimally invasive cosmetic facial procedure. Facial plastic surgeons are frequent users of cosmetic facial plastic surgery. This finding may be due to access, knowledge base, values, or attitudes. By better understanding surgeon attitudes toward facial plastic surgery, we can improve communication with patients and delivery of care. This study is a first step in understanding use of facial plastic procedures among facial plastic surgeons.
Combinatorics Theory and Applications. By V. Krishnamurthy Applied Combinatorics By Alan Tucker; Combinatorics for Computer Science BY S. Gill Williamson. Constructive Combinatorics by Dennis Stanton and Dennis White

(1988). Combinatorics Theory and Applications. By V. Krishnamurthy Applied Combinatorics By Alan Tucker; Combinatorics for Computer Science BY S. Gill Williamson. Constructive Combinatorics by Dennis Stanton and Dennis White. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 95, No. 4, pp. 363-365.
Academic Underachievement and Delinquent Behavior

Considerable research has addressed whether various academic factors affect involvement in delinquent behavior among youth. Yet few studies have assessed the association between academic underachie...
Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes.

Summary Intermittent fasting (IF) improves cardiometabolic health; however, it is unknown whether these effects are due solely to weight loss. We conducted the first supervised controlled feeding trial to test whether IF has benefits independent of weight loss by feeding participants enough food to maintain their weight. Our proof-of-concept study also constitutes the first trial of early time-restricted feeding (eTRF), a form of IF that involves eating early in the day to be in alignment with circadian rhythms in metabolism. Men with prediabetes were randomized to eTRF (6-hr feeding period, with dinner before 3 p.m.) or a control schedule (12-hr feeding period) for 5 weeks and later crossed over to the other schedule. eTRF improved insulin sensitivity, β cell responsiveness, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and appetite. We demonstrate for the first time in humans that eTRF improves some aspects of cardiometabolic health and that IF's effects are not solely due to weight loss.
Estimation of sound speed and attenuation in muddy sediments using spatial coherence measurements of sound propagation

In the spring of 2017, a multi-national and multi-institute shallow water propagation experiment was conducted in the New England Mud Patch in order to study the acoustic properties in muddy sediments. Different types of acoustic signals (i.e., 31-g explosive charges, combustive sound source, multi-tone, and linear frequency modulation signals) deployed at various ranges, depths and azimuths were measured by one L-shaped array, one horizontal line array, and several vertical line arrays within the 30 km × 10 km experimental area. In this paper, these measured signals are first utilized to obtain the correlation coefficients for vertical coherence (VC) and longitudinal horizontal coherence (LHC), which are sensitive to the seabed geo-acoustic parameters. These spatial coherence measurements are then applied in the VC and LHC based geo-acoustic inversion algorithms [Wan et. al. JASA, 2016] to infer sound speed and attenuation in muddy sediments. Finally, the results from VC and LHC based geo-acoustic invers...
Trusted Testing Techniques for Hardware Trojan Detection

Some hardware Trojans are activated/triggered upon receiving a unique and unexpected vector made of signals of an original circuit or a sequence of such a vector. The fact makes test generation for hardware Trojan detection an extremely challenging task considering the complexity of modern designs and their verity of application. This chapter presents an overview on some of major efforts toward various test generation techniques for hardware Trojan detection after circuit manufacturing.
Variationally derived discontinuity capturing methods: Fine scale models with embedded weak and strong discontinuities

Abstract This paper presents a new stabilized method that is endowed with variationally derived Discontinuity Capturing (DC) features to model steep advection fronts and discontinuities that arise in multi-phase flows as well as in mixing flows of immiscible incompressible fluids. Steep fronts and discontinuities also arise in hypersonic compressible flows. The new method finds roots in the Variational Multiscale (VMS) framework that yields a coupled system of coarse and fine-scale variational problems. Augmenting the space of functions for the fine-scale fields with weak and/or strong discontinuities results in fine-scale models that naturally accommodate jumps in the fine fields. Variationally embedding the discontinuity enriched fine-scale models in the coarse-scale formulation leads to the Variational Multiscale Discontinuity Capturing (VMDC) method where stabilization tensors are naturally endowed with discontinuity capturing structure. In the regions with sharp gradients, these variationally projected fine-scale models augment the stability of the coarse-scale formulation to accurately capture sharply varying coarse solutions. Since the proposed method relies on local enrichment, it does not require either the complete or the dynamic enrichment algorithms that are invariably employed in methods that use global enrichment ideas. The scalar advection equation serves as a model problem to investigate the variational structure of the DC terms. The VMDC method is then applied to the Navier–Stokes equations and tested on problems involving two-phase flows with and without surface tension. These test problems highlight that fine-scale models not only stabilize the weak form, variationally derived fine models that are endowed with sharp discontinuities also augment the coarse scale solutions with features that are otherwise not adequately resolved by variational formulations that act only at the coarse-scale levels.
Elliptic Curves - The Crossroads of Theory and Computation

The interplay between theory and computation has been a vital force for progress throughout the long history of the arithmetic of elliptic curves. I have been fortunate to see at fairly close hand two marvellous examples of this interplay. Firstly, I remember my amazement as a student in Canberra and Paris in the mid 1960’s to see the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer evolve from a series of brilliant numerical experiments, which revolutionized arithmetical algebraic geometry. Secondly, I remember my fascination as a young post-doc at Harvard in the beginning of the 1970’s to see John Tate work on a daily basis by always mixing sophisticated theory with hand calculations of numerical examples. Of course, since this time, numerical computations have been greatly changed by the advent of ever faster computers, and the discovery of important practical applications via cryptography. Computational mathematics has rightly become a branch of mathematics in its own right. Nevertheless, the theme I want to stress in my lecture is that the ancient union between theory and computation is as potent a force as ever today. It is my strong personal view that the best computations on elliptic curves are those that lead to new insights for attacking the unsolved theoretical problems. Equally, I firmly believe that no abstract theorem about the arithmetic of elliptic curves is worth its salt unless illuminating numerical examples of it can be given.
Understanding the work of pediatric inpatient medicine teams: implications for information system requirements.

Health information systems tend to be designed primarily for data retrieval and data entry, with insufficient attention paid to the larger contexts in which work occurs. As a result, low physician acceptance and satisfaction remain barriers to the successful integration of current informational and decision support systems (e.g., CPOE systems). This paper reports on a qualitative field study of team-based clinical care work and decision making. Our aim is to consider a radical redesign of clinical information systems, one that is built with context and the constraints of work practice in mind. We apply Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) methods to characterize the work at a large children’s hospital, and analyze these results to consider new designs for clinical information systems. In this study, we report on themes, constraints, and ideas for design, showing how our CWA analyses lead to designs that are very different from current technology information systems.
PHOSPHATE SYNTHESIS, EXCHANGE AND INTERACTION IN NUCLEOTIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

Abstract Aspects of phosphorus chemistry directed towards biology that we have discussed include the following: modified nucleoside 3′,5′-bisphosphates, substrates for T4 RNA ligase; direct synthesis of modified nucleoside 5′-monophosphates; enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside 5′-triphosphate analogues; interaction of phosphate(s) in adenine nucleotides and linear -benzoadenine nucleotides with the heteroaromatic moiety; oligophosphate inhibitors of adenylate kinase; oxidation of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues catalyzed by xanthine oxidase; and fluorescent analogues of guanine nucleotides.
The Sugen 5416/Hypoxia Mouse Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening, and often fatal disease. Despite many new developments in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) therapy, there is currently no cure for PAH, and new therapies are desperately needed. PAH pathobiology involves a remodeling process in pulmonary arteries that plays a critical role in elevating pulmonary arterial and right ventricle pressures. The discovery and development of new therapies requires animal models of PAH that mimic the human disease, including vascular remodeling.Here we review and describe a detailed protocol for creating an in vivo model of Sugen/Hypoxia-induced PAH in mice that is commonly used to assess the efficiency of new therapies in PAH. Severe pulmonary hypertension can be established in 1 month using this protocol. Additional protocols to evaluate the model by invasive pressure measurements and histology are provided.
A Sticky Business: the Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix of Bacterial Biofilms

This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section addresses the different types of biopolymers, which represent the primary components of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix. The second section discusses the different functions that EPS has shown or suggested to have in biofilm communities. This section describes some of the different biological macromolecules found in EPS. The chapter discusses two classes of proteins that have been suggested to play a biofilm-specific role in the context of EPS. Lectins are usually associated with cell surface structures, such as pili, peptidoglycan, and the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Alginate lyases constitute a large group of enzymes found in several bacterial species. The biological function of these enzymes depends on the organism and is unclear in certain cases. In general, two functions can be carried out by these enzymes. The first is in eps biosynthesis, where these enzymes process the growing polymer and can regulate chain length. The second is in eps utilization. In this case, enzymatic activity is used to break down eps polymers for use as carbon and energy substrates for growth. Where there are electrostatic repulsive interactions, attachment can occur due to van der Waals interactions, H-bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and specific chemical interactions (such as complexation). The interplay between attractive and repulsive forces is governed by thermodynamics and is described by the landmark Derjaguin Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. As research of biofilm communities and EPS continues to advance, specific therapies for biofilm infections and biotechnology applications may emerge.
Teaching self-awareness: social work educators’ endeavors and struggles

Self-awareness has long been a fundamental concept in the social work profession; however, exactly what self-awareness means and how to teach and apply it in practice remain unclear. We explored so...
Dietary Supplementation of Strawberry Improves Vascular Inflammation Without Altering Metabolic Milieu in High-fat Diet Fed C57BL/6 J Mice (P06-086-19)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and vascular inflammation plays a major role in the development of vascular complications. We tested the hypothesis that dietary strawberries (SB) attenuate vascular inflammation in MetS and this is due to a direct effect of SB on the vasculature. Seven-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice consumed rodent diets with 10% kcal from fat (control diet fed mice; CD) or 60% kcal from fat (high-fat diet fed mice; HFD) for 12 weeks and subgroups of CD and HFD mice were fed a 2.35% freeze-dried SB supplemented diet (CD + SB or HFD + SB). This dose in mice is equivalent to two servings of SB (∼160 g) per day in humans. HFD model shares many vascular phenotypes with human MetS including vascular inflammation. The following analyses were completed after 12-week treatment: body weight; food intake; body composition; respiratory exchange ratio (RER), energy expenditure and activity (in light and dark cycle by Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System); fasting and non-fasting blood glucose; glucose and insulin tolerance tests; and vascular inflammation (binding of fluorescent labelled mouse monocytes WEHI78/24 to aortic vessel). HFD mice exhibited increased body weight, reduced lean body mass, increased body fat, reduced RER (in both light and dark cycle), increased fasting and non-fasting blood glucose, and impaired glucose and insulin tolerance compared to CD mice (P < 0.05). SB supplementation does not alter body weight, body fat, lean body mass, blood glucose, glucose or insulin tolerance in CD + SB and HFD + SB mice. The energy expenditure and activity were similar among the groups. The aortic vessel from HFD exhibited an increased binding to WEHI 78/24 monocytic cells vs CD mice. However, SB supplementation reduced monocyte binding to the vessel in HFD + SB vs HFD mice (P < 0.05). Strawberry supplementation improves vascular inflammation in HFD mice without altering metabolic milieu. This study indicates that the beneficial vascular effects of SB may not be due to a secondary effect but could be a direct effect on the vasculature. Strawberry consumption may be a potential adjunct strategy to prevent vascular complications in MetS. USDA grant (to ABPV), University of Utah Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program Award (to MNP, JEM, ASO, SS).
Integration of rare cell capture technology into cytologic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with solid tumors and suspected leptomeningeal metastasis.

Introduction Dissemination of tumor to the leptomeninges, subarachnoid space, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is termed leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) and occurs in approximately 5% of patients with solid tumors. LM is associated with dismal clinical prognosis, and routine cytologic and radiologic methods for diagnosing LM have limited sensitivity. The CellSearch immunomagnetic rare cell capture assay is FDA-approved to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood, but whether it may have a role in identifying CSF CTCs is still unclear. Material and methods CSF specimens from 20 patients with clinically suspected solid tumor LM collected from 2 institutions between October 2016 and January 2019 were evaluated with routine CSF cytology and underwent concurrent CTC testing with the CellSearch assay (Menarini-Silicon Biosystems, Huntingdon Valley, PA). The results of CTC testing were compared to routine CSF cytology and radiologic studies for detecting LM. Results The CellSearch assay achieved a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 100% for detecting LM (using a threshold of 1 CTC/mL of CSF as the definition of a positive CTC result). One patient with negative CSF cytology but positive CTCs developed positive cytology 37 days later. Conclusions In this proof-of-principle pilot study, we demonstrate that the CellSearch assay can be successfully integrated with the routine CSF cytologic workflow to aid in the diagnosis of solid tumor LM. Importantly, CTCs detected by this rare cell capture assay are found in a subset of patients with non-positive routine CSF cytology, which may have significant implications for patient management.
Outcomes and complications for portal vein or superior mesenteric vein injury: No improvement in the era of damage control resuscitation

Abstract Introduction Portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) injuries are lethal. We hypothesised outcomes have improved with modern trauma care. Methods We reviewed patients presenting to our Level 1 trauma centre over ten-years with PV/SMV injuries, analysing physiology, operative management, associated injuries, and outcomes. Results Twenty-four patients had 7 PV and 15 SMV injuries, 2 had both; all had operative exploration. Sixty-seven percent had penetrating trauma. While many had normal vitals, profound acidosis was common. All patients had ≥2 additional abdominal injuries, liver most common (50%). Additional abdominal vascular injuries were more common in non-survivors than survivors: IVC 46% vs 22%, common hepatic artery 20% vs 0%, SMA 26% vs 11%. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 32.4, and the mean new injury severity score (NISS) was 44.5. Mortality was 63%. Eleven patients died from exsanguination, two from SMV thrombosis, and two from sequelae of other injuries. All survivors had venorrhaphy, as did 8 non-survivors. Non-survivors were also shunted; had ligation; or bypass, shunting, and ligation. Three exsanguinated prior to repair. Two survivors had SMV related complications. One with proximal SMV injury developed severe venous congestion and multiple enterocutaneous fistulae. Another developed an arterioportal fistula, managed with embolisation and percutaneous portal vein stenting. Conclusion Despite advances (REBOA, damage control surgery and resuscitation, liberal use of ED thoracotomy), PV and SMV injuries remain lethal. Injuries to other structures are ubiquitous. Early exsanguination is the major cause of death. All survivors had successful venorrhaphy; those who required more complex repairs died. Compromised mesenteric venous flow causes morbidity and mortality.
Comparison of an administrative algorithm for SLE disease severity to clinical SLE Disease Activity Index scores.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) severity, reflecting both disease intensity and duration, is heterogeneous making it challenging to study in administrative databases where severity may confound or mediate associations with outcomes. Garris et al. developed an administrative claims-based algorithm employing claims over a 1-year period to classify SLE severity as mild, moderate or severe. We sought to compare this administrative algorithm to a measure of SLE activity, the SLE Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score at clinical visits. We identified 100 SLE patients followed in the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) Lupus Center (in 2008–2010) with SLEDAI-2K scores at each visit over a 1-year period per person. We obtained data for the Garris algorithm for the same year per subject. We compared Garris SLE severity to the highest SLEDAI-2K in that year, with SLEDAI-2K categories of mild 6. We compared classification using weighted kappa statistics, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV). We also assessed the binary comparison of mild vs. moderate/severe. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and McNemar’s test. We analyzed 377 SLEDAI-2K assessments (mean 3.8 [SD 2.6] per subject/year). For classifying moderate/severe vs. mild SLE severity, the sensitivity was 85.7%, specificity 67.6%, PPV 81.8% and NPV 73.5%. The Garris algorithm for classifying SLE severity in administrative datasets had moderate agreement for classification of mild vs. moderate/severe SLE activity assessed by SLEDAI-2K assessments in an academic lupus center. It may be a useful tool for classifying SLE severity in administrative database studies.
Exploring the Multiplex Architecture of Supply Networks

This paper attempts to provide quantitative and statistically significant evidence on the multiplex nature of a multi-tier supply network. The unique primary data consisted of component-level supply networks is analyzed to examine the interrelationships among their architectural properties based on various network tie types. All the supply network partnersâ€™ bidirectional responses stretching from an OEM to its raw materials suppliers are collected and treated as directed-valued in the analysis. Our findings collectively show that different types of supply network ties across multiple tiers of supply chain partners shape different supply network architectures.
Classifying Pseudogout Using Machine Learning Approaches With Electronic Health Record Data.

OBJECTIVE Identifying pseudogout in large data sets is difficult due to its episodic nature and a lack of billing codes specific to this acute subtype of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) deposition disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel machine learning approach for classifying pseudogout using electronic health record (EHR) data. METHODS We created an EHR data mart of patients with ≥1 relevant billing code or ≥2 natural language processing (NLP) mentions of pseudogout or chondrocalcinosis, 1991-2017. We selected 900 subjects for gold standard chart review for definite pseudogout (synovitis + synovial fluid CPP crystals), probable pseudogout (synovitis + chondrocalcinosis), or not pseudogout. We applied a topic modeling approach to identify definite/probable pseudogout. A combined algorithm included topic modeling plus manually reviewed CPP crystal results. We compared algorithm performance and cohorts identified by billing codes, the presence of CPP crystals, topic modeling, and a combined algorithm. RESULTS Among 900 subjects, 123 (13.7%) had pseudogout by chart review (68 definite, 55 probable). Billing codes had a sensitivity of 65% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 22% for pseudogout. The presence of CPP crystals had a sensitivity of 29% and a PPV of 92%. Without using CPP crystal results, topic modeling had a sensitivity of 29% and a PPV of 79%. The combined algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 42% and a PPV of 81%. The combined algorithm identified 50% more patients than the presence of CPP crystals; the latter captured a portion of definite pseudogout and missed probable pseudogout. CONCLUSION For pseudogout, an episodic disease with no specific billing code, combining NLP, machine learning methods, and synovial fluid laboratory results yielded an algorithm that significantly boosted the PPV compared to billing codes.
Synergistic catalysis in an artificial enzyme

The introduction of single abiological catalytic groups enables enzymes to catalyse new-to-nature chemical transformations. Now, this concept is extended to two abiological groups in a single protein scaffold to allow synergistic catalysis in a stereoselective Michael addition reaction.
IMPACT OF RENAL SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION IN ADDITION TO PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION ON THE RECURRENCE RATE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia among adults worldwide. The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in precipitating and maintenance of AF. Recent studies showed that renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) can reduce the recurrence rate of AF following pulmonary vein
Associationist Aesthetics: Priestley’s Materialism and the Radical Picturesque

This article argues for the interest of Joseph Priestley’s theory of materialism, particularly as developed in two texts—Disquisitions Relating to Matter and Spirit (1777) and the lengthy set of ep...
Development of a cyclophosphamide stress test to predict resilience to aging in mice

The concept of resilience, defined as the ability to recover from stress, is a potential platform to predict healthy aging. However, specific stress tests for resilience have not yet been fully established in humans so investigations in animal models are of interest. The chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide (Cyp) was selected as a chemical stressor to investigate resilience response in C57Bl/6 male mice at 4, 15, and 28 months of age. Following a single intraperitoneal injection of Cyp (100 mg/kg), tail blood was collected for counting white blood cells (WBC) every other day for 25 days, and physiological performance tests performed. Cyp induced a consistent pattern in neutrophil count in all three age groups, with a nadir at day 5 and a rebound at day 7 with different rates in each group. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) showed an age-dependent rebound response 7 days after Cyp injection, with a similar pattern of decline back toward baseline. Mice in the 15-month age group with high pre-injection Cyp NLR had significantly higher total WBC counts after Cyp injection compared with mice with low pre-injection Cyp NLR, indicating a correlation between NLR and Cyp-altered WBC counts. In addition, mice with high pre-injection Cyp NLR showed significant learning impairment compared with mice with low pre-injection Cyp NLR, suggesting low NRL intensity can predict resilience to age-related cognitive decline. These observations provide the rationale to translate findings from the mouse to humans in developing in vitro Cyp stress tests.
Famine Roads and Big House Ghosts: History and Form in John Banville’s The Infinities / Estradas da Fome e Fantasmas da Casa Grande: História e Forma em The Infinities, de John Banville

Abstract: This article considers John Banville’s engagement with memories of the Irish Famine and the conventions of the Irish Gothic and Big House novel in his 2009 novel The Infinities by comparing his approach to these topics to that of Emily Lawless in her considerably earlier 1897 collection Traits and Confidences . I argue that Banville’s engagement with the history of the Irish Famine and the conventions of the Irish Gothic and Big House novel are not incidental to the novel’s exploration of the problem of identity and the idea of the self but, rather, are fundamental to its thematic investments. Furthermore, I suggest that the novel’s experimental form fits into Irish literary tradition as Banville’s novel develops questions of identity, form, and content central to Lawless’s text. Resumo: Este artigo considera o envolvimento de John Banville com as memorias da fome irlandesa e as convencoes do romance gotico irlandes e sobre a Casa Grande em The Infinities , publicado em 2009, comparando sua abordagem desses topicos a de Emily Lawless em sua colecao anterior Traits and Confidences de 1897. Argumento que o envolvimento de Banville com a historia da fome irlandesa e as convencoes do romance gotico irlandes e sobre a Casa Grande nao sao acidentais a exploracao do romance sobre a problematica da identidade e da ideia de si, mas sao fundamentais para sua delimitacao tematica. Alem disso, sugiro que a forma experimental do romance se encaixa na tradicao literaria irlandesa, pois o romance de Banville desenvolve questoes de identidade, forma e conteudo, as quais sao centrais ao texto de Lawless.
Revealing the Unequal Burden of COVID-19 by Income, Race/Ethnicity, and Household Crowding: US County Versus Zip Code Analyses

OBJECTIVE: To overcome the absence of national, state, and local public health data on the unequal economic and social burden of COVID-19 in the United States DESIGN: We analyze US county COVID-19 deaths and confirmed COVID-19 cases and positive COVID-19 tests in Illinois and New York City zip codes by area percent poverty, percent crowding, percent population of color, and the Index of Concentration at the Extremes SETTING: US counties and zip codes in Illinois and New York City, as of May 5, 2020 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates, rate differences, and rate ratios of COVID-19 mortality, confirmed cases, and positive tests by category of county and zip code-level area-based socioeconomic measures RESULTS: As of May 5, 2020, the COVID-19 death rate per 100 000 person-years equaled the following: 143 2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 140 9, 145 5) vs 83 3 (95% CI: 78 3, 88 4) in high versus low poverty counties (≥20% vs <5% of persons below poverty);124 4 (95% CI: 122 7, 126 0) versus 48 2 (95% CI: 47 2, 49 2) in counties in the top versus bottom quintile for household crowding;and 127 7 (95% CI: 126 0, 129 4) versus 25 9 (95% CI: 25 1, 26 6) for counties in the top versus bottom quintile for the percentage of persons who are people of color Socioeconomic gradients in Illinois confirmed cases and New York City positive tests by zip code-level area-based socioeconomic measures were also observed CONCLUSIONS: Stark social inequities exist in the United States for COVID-19 outcomes We recommend that public health departments use these straightforward cost-effective methods to report on social inequities in COVID-19 outcomes to provide an evidence base for policy and resource allocation
Self-Assembly and Phase Transformation of Block Copolymer Nanostructures in Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy

Epoxy/block copolymer (BCP) blends are highly versatile materials. The BCPs can form nanostructures in the resins that improve the toughness of the thermoset as well as provide a template for nanop...
Reclaiming Ownership of the Indigenous Voice: The Hopi Music Repatriation Project

This chapter discusses the origins, methodology, and preliminary results of the Hopi Music Repatriation Project (HMRP), a community-partnered initiative aimed at securing the return of Hopi ceremonial song recordings and their associated intellectual property rights back to the Hopi Tribe. While scholars have extensively documented the legal and ethical imperatives for the repatriation of Indigenous documentary materials from archives, museums, and other institutions, relatively little has been written about how to conceptualize and carry out a reincorporation of archived ancestral voices back into Indigenous communities. This chapter grapples with a methodology for recirculating archived Indigenous voices in ways that resist dependence on settler-imposed legal frameworks, relying instead on the social and political relationships that already govern ownership of and access to Indigenous knowledge, creativity, and ritual expression. Ultimately, community-based theorizing of repatriation methodologies is necessary to carry out a decolonizing repatriation of archived Indigenous voices.
Pericardial Fat and the Risk of Heart Failure

Abstract Background Obesity is a well-established risk factor for heart failure (HF). However, implications of pericardial fat on incident HF is unclear. Objectives This study sought to examine the association between pericardial fat volume (PFV) and newly diagnosed HF. Methods This study ascertained PFV using cardiac computed tomography in 6,785 participants (3,584 women and 3,201 men) without pre-existing cardiovascular disease from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate PFV as continuous and dichotomous variable, maximizing the J-statistic: (Sensitivity + Specificity – 1). Results In 90,686 person-years (median: 15.7 years; interquartile range: 11.7 to 16.5 years), 385 participants (5.7%; 164 women and 221 men) developed newly diagnosed HF. PFV was lower in women than in men (69 ± 33 cm3 vs. 92 ± 47 cm3; p Conclusions In this large, community-based, ethnically diverse, prospective cohort study, pericardial fat was associated with an increased risk of HF, particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction, in women and men.
Geospatial Inefficiencies Associated With Digital Replantations at High-Volume Centers and Optimal Allocation Model for Centralization of Replantations

Purpose Digit replantation can improve dexterity, functionality, patient satisfaction, and pain following amputation, but rates continue to fall nationally. This study aimed to describe the effects of travel time and distance as barriers to high-volume hospitals, identify geospatial inefficiencies in the presentation of patients to replantation care, and provide an optimal allocation model in which cases are redistributed to select centers to reduce geospatial redundancies and optimize outcomes. Methods We reviewed the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development hospital discharge database to identify cases of digital amputation and determine outcomes of replantation. Using residential zip codes, risk- and reliability-adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of hospital volume and travel time on replantation success. Geospatial analysis assessed the travel burden of patients as they presented for care, and optimal allocation modeling was used to create a model of centralization. Results We identified 5,503 patients during the study period; 1,060 underwent replantation with an overall success rate of 70.2%. Ninety-three hospitals were found to perform replantations, of which only 4 were identified as high-volume hospitals. Patients routinely traveled farther to reach high-volume hospitals, and decreasing the travel time predicted a 15% increase in odds of replantation at a low-volume center. Twenty-one percent of patients presented to a low-volume hospital when a high-volume hospital was closer, and differencein payer type and race/ethnicity existed between those who presented to the closest center compared to those who bypassed high-volume centers. The optimal allocation modeling allocated all cases into 8 centers, which increased the median annual volume from 1 case to 9.6 cases and decreased patient travel time. Conclusions Travel burden and geospatial inefficiencies serve as barriers to high-quality and high-volume replantation services. Optimized allocation of digital replantation cases into high-quality centers can decrease travel times, increase annual volumes, and potentially improve replantation outcomes. Type of study/level of evidence Economic/Decision Analysis III.
Shifts in Attitudes and Intentions to Practice Following Medication-Assisted Treatment Training.

PURPOSE The Idaho State University Physician Assistant (PA) program was one of the first PA programs in the country to incorporate medication-assisted treatment (MAT) into its curriculum. This manuscript documents the impact of the course. METHODS In the spring and summer of 2018, 61 students and 12 local providers enrolled in an elective MAT course developed by Idaho State University. All completed the training. At the end of the course, only the students submitted reflective essays. RESULTS A review and coding of the essays indicated that MAT education increased knowledge about addiction and resulted in self-reported decreases in negative attitudes towards people with addictions. CONCLUSION PA programs can support communities' increased capacity to offer MAT. A widely available course appears to result in important gains in both knowledge and attitude.
Application of resonance Raman and surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopies to the characterization of biomolecules: chlorophyll and hypericin

The important chemical and physical factors determining the integrity' of bacteriochlorophyll monolayers must be identified in order that this pigment can be of maximum value and reliability when monolayer and multilayer structures are used for model systems of the in vivo photosynthetic process. This study identifies these factors and characterizes major decomposition products. Spread monolayers of bacteriochlorophyll were subjected to variation of pH, temperature, subphase composition, incident light flux and atmospheres of various composition. Results were consistent with intuitional prediction as well as known behavior of monolayers of chlorophyll a. Minimal decomposition was noted under conditions of darkness, presence of reducing agents either in the subphase or as an integral part of the monolayer, subambient temperatures, inert atmospheres (e.g., nitrogen) and alkaline subphase pH. Cognizance of the importance of these parameters and their control during monolayer manipulations of bacteriochlorophyll will result in optimum monolayer model systems of assured purity.
Measuring Benefits for Air Quality from Survey Data

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to model benefits for changes in air quality based on economic theory. Two different willingness to pay responses are studied - willingness to pay to avoid loss of air quality and willingness to pay to obtain improvements in air quality. Observations of willingness to pay were obtained from a survey; survey results were used to develop and compare models for these two types of responses. Differences in the estimated response functions indicate that preferences regarding gains and losses may be generated by different preference models, i.e. obtaining gains may be a “luxury” whereas avoiding losses may be a “necessity.
The Potential Costs of Climate Change Adaptation

The various costs imposed on countries as a result of global warming are considered by interpreting adaptation as part of a comprehensive climate change response strategy. These costs include those associated with damages, as well as adjustments in strategies now in place for adapting to the current climate. Imposed costs are defined as the least-cost combination of adaptation costs, residual damages, and indirect effects. A possible framework is suggested for calculating imposed costs and assessing individual adaptive measures.