cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Ormia depleta (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Steinernema scapterisci (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), natural enemies of pest mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

Interactions between Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen & Smart and Ormia depleta (Wiedemann), introduced natural enemies of Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets, within hosts were examined by exposing mole cricket hosts to each natural enemy alone, both natural enemies simultaneously, or to one natural enemy 3 d before exposure to the other. Also, O. depleta life stages were exposed to the nematode directly (in water) and in sand. Host mortality was greatest (≥98%) when hosts were exposed to both natural enemies or when exposed to planidia (fly larvae) only. All hosts exposed to both natural enemies simultaneously and to planidia first produced nematode progeny; 79% of hosts exposed to nematodes only produced nematode progeny. When exposed to both natural enemies, fewer hosts produced fly progeny. From 10 to 31% of multiparasitized hosts produced progeny of both natural enemies. Adult fly eclosion from puparia developing in multiparasitized hosts was substantially less, but not significantly so, than eclosion from puparia produced in hosts exposed to planidia only. Development times for tachinids were shorter when developing in hosts exposed to planidia only. Nematode infective juveniles emerged sooner from hosts exposed to planidia first, but emerged more slowly from hosts exposed to the nematode first. Exposure to nematodes did not affect larvae as they exited hosts and formed puparia. Successful adult fly development and eclosion did not differ after exposure of fly larvae and puparia to nematodes directly and in sand. Adult eclosion from puparia formed from larvae exposed to nematodes in sand (79%) was less than that of puparia formed from larvae exposed to sand only (97%). A few pupae that had been exposed to nematodes as larvae were found infected with the nematode. No pupal infection occurred when puparia were exposed to nematodes. More than one-third (34.5%) of adult O. depleta were found infected after eclosing and crawling through sand containing the nematode. Because O. depleta appeared to be somewhat disadvantaged within multiparasitized hosts and larvae and adult flies were susceptible to infection when exposed to the nematode in sand, the potential exists for populations of the fly in the field to be adversely affected in areas where S. scapterisci is abundant.
Influence of pHo on calcium channel block by amlodipine, a charged dihydropyridine compound. Implications for location of the dihydropyridine receptor.

We have investigated the modulation of L-type calcium channel cur- rents in isolated ventricular cells by the dihydropyridine derivative amlodipine, a weak base with a pI~ of 8.6. Under conditions that favor neutral drug molecules, amlodipine block resembles other, previously described, neutral dihydropyridine derivatives: block is more pronounced at depolarized voltages, repetitive pulsing is not needed to promote block, and recovery is complete at hyperpolarized voltages. When the drug is ionized, depolarized voltages still enhance block, however, the time course is slow and speeded by repetitive pulses that open channels. Recovery from block by ionized drug molecules is very slow and incomplete, but can be rapidly modified by changes in external hydrogen ion concentration. We conclude from these observations that the degree of ionization of the drug molecule can affect access to the dihydropyridine receptor and that external protons can inter- act with the drug-receptor complex even if channels are blocked and closed. These observations place limitations on the location of this receptor in the ventricular cell membrane.
Classification comparisons between dual-pol and quad-pol SAR imagery

We present a study of the polarimetric information content of dual-pol imaging modes, e.g. (HH, HV) and (VV, VH), and compare these against full quad-pol datasets. We discuss classification accuracies for various dual-pol datasets over several terrain/vegetation types with respect to the full quad-pol classification. The linear polarization modes implemented on space borne SAR systems are of primary importance. However, we also consider novel dual-pol modes, e.g. transmitting a circular polarization and receiving both H and V polarizations, and the so-call compact polarimetry models based on dual-pol data. Our primary emphasis is the inter-comparisons amongst the various dual-pol and compact polarimetric modes.
Establishing Compliance with Liquid Medication Administration in a Child with Autism.

Children with autism often display difficulty with swallowing pills and liquid medications. In the current study, stimulus fading and positive reinforcement established compliance with liquid medication administration in a young boy with autism. The boy's mother eventually administered liquid medication on her own.
Prey selectivity and diel feeding chronology of juvenile chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon in the Columbia River plume

We studied salmon feeding selectivity and diel feeding chronology in the Columbia River plume. Juvenile chinook and coho salmon were caught by trawling at 2–3 h intervals throughout a diel period on three consecutive days (21–23 June 2000) at stations located 14.8 and 37 km offshore from the mouth of the Columbia River. A total of 170 chinook salmon were caught at the inshore and 79 chinook and 98 coho salmon were caught at the offshore station. After each trawl, potential prey were sampled at different depths with 2–3 different types of nets (1-m diameter ring net, bongo net, neuston net). Despite the variability in zooplankton abundance, feeding selectivity was surprisingly constant. Both salmon species fed selectively on larger and pigmented prey such as hyperiid amphipods, larval and juvenile fish, various crab megalopae, and euphausiids. Hyperiid amphipods were abundant in the salmon diets and we hypothesize that aggregations of gelatinous zooplankton may facilitate the capture of commensal hyperiid amphipods. Small copepods and calyptopis and furcilia stages of euphausiids dominated the prey field by numbers, but were virtually absent from salmon diet. Juvenile chinook salmon, with increasing body size, consumed a larger proportion of fish. Stomach fullness peaked during morning hours and reached a minimum at night, suggesting a predominantly diurnal feeding pattern. In general, both chinook and coho salmon appear to be selective, diurnal predators, preying mostly on large and heavily pigmented prey items, in a manner consistent with visually oriented, size-selective predation.
America and Japan in the World Arena

Book reviewed in this article: Walter LaFeber, The Clash: A History of U.S.-Japan Relations
Using Widely Available Geospatial Data Sets to Assess the Influence of Roads and Buffers on Habitat Core Areas and Connectivity

Abstract Land development pressures that threaten habitat core areas and connectivity are intensifying across the nation and extending beyond urbanized areas in the form of rural residential development. This is particularly true in the temperate forests of the northeastern United States. We used a suite of nationally available data sets derived from satellite imagery to identify core habitat areas of the northeastern United States, including impervious cover (urbanized and developed areas) and forest cover (canopy density). These were augmented with road network extent and density. We analyzed the influence of different types of unimproved roads and amount of forest cover on identification of the extent and configuration of roadless areas, and then assessed these core habitat areas in terms of land ownership (public, private) and management (parks, refuges, multi-use). We also derived patch connectivity metrics using a graph theory approach, making use of cost surfaces that accounted for the above variab...
Crystalline Order in Two Dimensions

If $N$ classical particles in two dimensions interacting through a pair potential $\ensuremath{\Phi}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})$ are in equilibrium in a parallelogram box, it is proved that every $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ensuremath{\ne}0$ Fourier component of the density must vanish in the thermodynamic limit, provided that $\ensuremath{\Phi}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\lambda}{r}^{2}|{\ensuremath{\nabla}}^{2}\ensuremath{\Phi}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})|$ is integrable at $r=\ensuremath{\infty}$ and positive and nonintegrable at $r=0$, both for $\ensuremath{\lambda}=0$ and for some positive $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. This result excludes conventional crystalline long-range order in two dimensions for power-law potentials of the Lennard-Jones type, but is inconclusive for hard-core potentials. The corresponding analysis for the quantum case is outlined. Similar results hold in one dimension.
Crane and Tufts in Reverse: The Fair Market Value Firewall

This article examines the appropriate tax treatment of property (subject to nonrecourse debt in excess of its fair market value) in the corporate context. The article reviews the Supreme Court cases of Crane and Tufts and their subsequent statutory and regulatory influence on over-leveraged contributions and distributions. Academics and other commentators contend the cost basis in certain transactions of such property could be anything from zero to the fair market value of the property, or equal to the amount of encumbering debt. In the corporate arena, academics argue the fair market value basis limits under Internal Revenue Code §§ 301(d) and 334(a) to the distributee shareholder of such property produces illogical and inconsistent results at both the shareholder and entity levels. At the entity level, § 362(d)(1) also limits a transferee corporation's basis in such property to its fair market value. This article discusses the "functional relationship" between basis and amount realized in light of excess debt property contributions and distributions. The article concludes with a finding that Crane and Tufts' desired symmetry is preserved under such circumstances producing consistent economic results for both the corporation and the shareholders.
Consequences of withdrawal: Free condoms and birth rates in the Philippines

This paper presents new evidence on the role of subsidized contraceptives in influencing fertility behavior. It draws on two types of disruptions that affected the public supply of free contraceptives in the Philippines : a sharp reduction induced by the phase out of contraceptive donations to the country from an external donor coupled with a government policy that shirked public funding to fill the supply shortfall, and substantial fluctuations in the shipment of free contraceptives to the country’s provinces that was brought about by supply chain issues. It finds that birth rates were responsive to both broad and transitory changes in public contraceptive supply : provinces which experienced big declines in the supply of free contraceptives also had big increases (or small decreases) in birth rates, while temporary supply drops (increases) were followed by rising (falling) birth rates. It also identifies poor, less educated, and rural women as the groups which were least able to cope with short-term gaps in public contraceptive supply.
Abstract WP87: Endovascular Treatment of Very Small Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Complications, Occlusion Rates and Prediction of Outcome

Purpose: In this study we assess predictors of outcome following endovascular treatment of small ruptured intracranial aneurysms (SRA). Methods: Between 2004 and 2011, 91 patients with SRA (≤ 3 mm) were treated at our institution. Multivariate analysis was carried out to assess predictors of endovascular related complications, aneurysm obliteration (>95%), recanalization, and favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale 3-5). Results: Endovascular treatment was aborted in 9 of 91 patients (9.9%). Procedure-related complications occurred in 8 of 82 patients (9.8%) of which 5 were transient and 3 were permanent. Three patients (3.7%) undergoing endovascular therapy experienced an intra-procedural aneurysm rupture. Three of 9 patients (33.3%) treated with stent or balloon assisted coiling experienced peri-procedural complications compared to 5 of 73 patients (6.8%) receiving only coils or Onyx (p=0.039). There were no procedural deaths or rehemorrhages. Rates of recanalization and retreatment were 18.2% and 12.7%, respectively. No factors predicted initial occlusion or recanalization. In multivariate analysis pre-treatment factors predictive of favorable outcome included younger age (OR=0.94; 95% CI 0.91-0.99, p=0.017), larger aneurysm size (OR=3.4; 95% CI 1.02-11.11, p=0.045), Hunt and Hess grade (OR=0.38; 95% CI 0.19-0.75, p=0.005), and location (OR=5.12; 95% CI 1.29-20.25, p=0.02). When assessing treatment and post-treatment variables, vasospasm was the only additional covariate predictive of poor outcome (OR=5.90; 95% CI 1.34=25.93, p=0.019). Conclusions: The majority of SRA can be treated with endovascular therapy and limited complications. Overall predictors of outcome for patients undergoing endovascular treatment of SRA include age, aneurysm size, Hunt and Hess grade, location, and post-treatment vasospasm.
The Doctor and the Notary: A Latinate Jewish Will from Fourteenth-Century Catalonia

On 28 June 1346, a Jewish physician named Duran de Sant Ponc made his will with the assistance of Christian notary Pere Mateu. Very few medieval Catalan Jews chose to make Latin wills, but the accidents of survival have made such wills disproportionately important sources. The reasons these few medieval Jewish testators chose to make their wills with Christian notaries remain very imperfectly understood. In this article, I offer Duran’s will as a case study, arguing that its purpose was to disinherit a convert to Christianity. This was a questionably legal move that had a greater chance of success with Christian cooperation and within a Latin notarial framework. The logic of Duran’s choices in the moment of his willmaking reveal the complex layering of trust and mistrust inherent in the “convivencia” of medieval Catalonia.
Management of the Impacted Ureteral Calculus

AbstractThe management of 42 impacted ureteral calculi is reviewed. Impacted stones were defined by the inability to pass a guide wire or catheter on initial attempts. Stones were impacted in the upper ureter in 10 patients, mid ureter in 11 and lower ureter in 21. Upper ureteral stones were treated in 8 patients by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy after disimpaction by laser or other techniques. Mid ureteral stones were treated by laser alone in 7 patients and by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy after disimpaction in 4. Lower stones were treated by laser in 17 patients and ultrasound in 2. Complications included 3 major and 5 minor perforations, and 4 false passages. Treatment was successful without an open operation in 40 of 42 patients (95%). Our current approach to impacted ureteral calculi involves passing a rigid ureteroscope to the stone, with disimpaction performed by laser fragmentation or other dislodgement maneuvers. Proximal stones or large fragments then are treated by extracorporea...
Emerging Roles of Extracellular Hsp90 in Cancer

Abstract Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a highly expressed chaperone that modulates the function and stability of hundreds of cellular client proteins. In this capacity, Hsp90 impacts human health in myriad ways and it is accordingly a high-interest molecular target in the oncology setting. This interest has led to a large number of clinical trials to evaluate the potential benefit of Hsp90 inhibitors in cancer treatment and, more recently, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Although these studies are still ongoing, some issues have arisen, such as toxicity effects associated with administration of these agents. We and others have identified a novel role for Hsp90 outside of cancer cells. This extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) was shown to be critical for the regulation of tumor invasiveness and metastasis, central processes associated with cancer lethality. Since these initial papers, a considerable cohort of studies has expanded upon this role, implicating eHsp90 in the activation of a number of proteins that support tumor cell invasion. As eHsp90 is preferentially detected on the surface of tumor cells, and within their surrounding microenvironment, it is possible that drugs capable of selectively targeting eHsp90 may exploit this differential expression. This selectivity may, in turn, enable treatment regimens with reduced target-related toxicity. This review will focus on our current understanding of eHsp90, particularly in cancer, and we will discuss the relevance of eHsp90 as a biomarker for invasive cancer and its potential as a drug target.
Exploring long-term economic well-being and child outcomes with the Supplemental Poverty Measure: evidence from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

ABSTRACTThis study is the first to use the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) to reexamine the relationships between long-term economic well-being and child outcomes. We decompose the differences between the Official Poverty Measure (OPM) and the SPM and examine such relationships with 15 cognitive, physical, and social–emotional outcomes for 754 ten- to nineteen-year-olds as reported in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) 2007 Child Development Supplement. Using PSID data from 1998 to 2006, we measure long-term economic well-being using the average natural logarithm of the ratio of family resources to the poverty threshold with a series of models, beginning with the OPM and converting it step-by-step into the SPM. We find that some steps in constructing the SPM, especially including in-kind benefits and using the SPM thresholds, weaken the relationships between our economic well-being measure and the cognitive outcomes, although including in-kind benefits strengthens the relationships with many of ...
CASE STUDY: Effects of interseeding date of cool-season annual grasses and preplant glyphosate application onto a warm-season grass sod on forage production, forage nutritive value, performance of stocker cattle, and net return1

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to determine the effect of a preplant application of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] and planting date on the performance of growing beef calves grazing interseeded cool-season annual pastures. Twenty, 0.81-ha bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]/crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler] pastures were planted with soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Roane,’ 134 kg/ ha) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. ‘Marshall,’ 22 kg/ha) in mid-September or mid-October of 2005 using a no-till drill, with or without an application of glyphosate at 0.77 kg/ha (1.77 L/ha) at planting in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. A variable stocking rate was managed using the put-and-take method. Tester calves (2 heifers and 1 steer; BW = 273 ± 5.4 kg) were used to measure performance, and additional calves were added as necessary to equalize forage allowance among pastures. Daily gains of calves grazing pastures planted in September were 0.28 kg greater (P = 0.03) from April to May than the ADG of calves grazing pastures planted in October. Pastures receiving glyphosate application resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.05) overall ADG and ADG from mid-February to mid-March. Pastures planted in September with glyphosate application produced 109 more (P
Accented Pronouns and Unusual Antecedents: A Corpus Study

Accent on a pronoun has often been assumed to signal an “unusual” antecedent, i.e. something other than the most salient compatible antecedent. However, this assumption has not received adequate empirical investigation to date, and in particular, spontaneous conversational dialogues have never been studied to verify the saliencebased proposals. I analyze a richly annotated corpus of naturalistic speech, manually labeled for coreference relations, accents, and contrast, in order to understand what factors govern the presence of accent on a pronoun and thereby gain insight into what pronominal accent may be communicating. The results suggest that not only are differences among speakers and pronouns key components in explaining the variation in pronominal accentuation, but also that pronominal accent may often be signaling contrast rather than something about the attentional status or salience of the pronoun’s referent.
Surgery of the Salivary Ducts

Successful surgery of the salivary ducts relies on an understanding of the surrounding anatomy and the delicate dissection of tissues in order to reduce morbidity. Trauma to the ducts should be assessed when lacerations or wounds encroach on their paths. Early diagnosis and treatment will reduce the complications of stricture and fistula formation from these injuries. Sialoliths can be located in several places along the length of the salivary ducts. The correct diagnosis and positioning of the stone in the duct is important in establishing the appropriate surgical approach. Imaging using plain films, ultrasonography, and endoscopy can be very valuable, with sialography and CT scans helpful in cases of radiolucent stones, glandular atrophy, or suspected tumor. As the condition becomes more chronic, resulting in glandular atrophy, excision of the diseased gland is often indicated. Treatment of excessive salivary flow in patients with cerebral palsy can be managed by a combination of ductal repositioning and glandular excision. Redirection of both the parotid and submandibular glands can be accomplished, either to reroute excess salivary flow or salvage the duct in cases of lesion excision.
Promoting Theory-Based Perspectives in Sexual Double Standard Research

The sexual double standard (SDS) has been a focus of research for several decades. Numerous anecdotal accounts of the double standard exist, detailing its consequences and impact on women’s, as well as men’s, sexual behavior and identities. Empirical research, however, has yet to completely corroborate the degree to which the double standard pervades everyday life. The disparity between anecdotal accounts and empirical evidence related to the SDS may be the result of the partially atheoretical approach with which the SDS has traditionally been examined. The goal of the present paper is to encourage researchers to take a more theory-oriented approach to understanding the double standard. Our goal is not to provide another comprehensive literature review or an argument for the “best” theory, but rather to promote theory-based perspectives in future SDS research. In the current paper, three theoretical perspectives—evolutionary theory, social role theory, and cognitive social learning theory—and their relevance to the SDS are discussed. We discuss four hypotheses, one related to the core tenet of the SDS itself, and three related to moderating factors, including characteristics of evaluators (i.e., gender, gender roles beliefs, and sexual history), characteristics of targets (i.e., relationship type engaged in, sexual activities participated in, and power status), and social factors (i.e., cultural background, historical era, and socialization agents). Existing research is also interpreted in light of one or more of the theoretical perspectives in the hopes of guiding future research.
The evolution of dendrites during coarsening: Fragmentation and morphology

Abstract The process of fragmentation of dendrite arms during coarsening remains poorly understood. We perform isothermal coarsening experiments of dendritic solid-liquid mixtures using PbSn alloys aboard the International Space Station (ISS), since arms that fission from the stem do not sediment and thus can be detected. The morphology of the structure and the number of fragments (fissioned arms) were determined using three-dimensional reconstructions. The evolution of the microstructure, change in length scale, interfacial shape distributions, number and distribution of fragments as well as the connectivity of the structures (handles) across coarsening time are discussed. We find that: the inverse of surface area per unit volume S V − 1 increases with time as t 1 / 3 in a manner that is almost identical to a sample coarsened on earth; the number of fragments per unit volume scaled by S V − 3 is independent of time. Thus, it is possible to predict the number of fragments during coarsening by a measurement of S V ; the connectivity of the structures as measured by the number of handles in the structure scaled by S V − 3 is also independent of coarsening time. We find that there is more coalescence of dendrite arms during coarsening than fragmentation.
Quality of Life After RAAA

Over the last 20 years, the treatment and management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) has been studied extensively [1–6]. Perioperative outcomes such as mortality, major complications, and re-intervention rates have been the major focus of many of these studies. However, the success of an operation lies in more than just these factors, and the patients’ quality of life after surgery is an area that has been neglected. This is especially evident when looking at the quality of life after endovascular versus open repair of rAAA. Nonetheless, this is an area that should be focused on, not only for the benefit of patients and their families when making medical decisions but also for the surgical community, enhancing the ability to better treat patients and improve long-term quality of life.
Xylose Migration During Tandem Mass Spectrometry of N-Linked Glycans

Understanding the rearrangement of gas-phase ions via tandem mass spectrometry is critical to improving manual and automated interpretation of complex datasets. N-glycan analysis may be carried out under collision induced (CID) or higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), which favors cleavage at the glycosidic bond. However, fucose migration has been observed in tandem MS, leading to the formation of new bonds over four saccharide units away. In the following work, we report the second instance of saccharide migration ever to occur for N-glycans. Using horseradish peroxidase as a standard, the beta-1,2 xylose was observed to migrate from a hexose to a glucosamine residue on the (Xyl)Man3GlcNac2 glycan. This investigation was followed up in a complex N-linked glycan mixture derived from stem differentiating xylem tissue, and the rearranged product ion was observed for 75% of the glycans. Rearrangement was not favored in isomeric glycans with a core or antennae fucose and unobserved in glycans predicted to have a permanent core-fucose modification. As the first empirical observation of this rearrangement, this work warrants dissemination so it may be searched in de novo sequencing glycan workflows. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Rapid-Response Impulsivity Predicts Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology at 1-Year Follow-Up in Blast-Exposed Service Members

Abstract Objective To determine if elevated rapid-response impulsivity after blast exposure (as a putative marker of ventral prefrontal cortex [vPFC] damage) is predictive of future elevated affective symptomatology in blast-exposed service members. Design Longitudinal design with neurocognitive testing at initial assessment and 1-year follow-up assessment of psychiatric symptomatology by telephone interview. Setting Veterans Administration medical centers and postdeployment assessment centers at military bases. Participants Blast-exposed U.S. military personnel (N=84) ages 19 to 39 years old. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) scores, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Version 5 (PCL-5) scores, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C) scores at the 12-month follow-up telephone interview. Results After controlling for age and affective symptom scores reported at the initial assessment, commission errors on the Continuous Performance Test-II of the initial assessment were predictive of higher symptom scores on the CES-D and PCL-5 at follow-up, but were not predictive of AUDIT-C scores. Conclusions Elevated rapid-response impulsivity, as a behavioral marker of reduced top-down frontocortical control, is a risk factor for elevated mood and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms over time in blast-exposed individuals. Future longitudinal studies with predeployment neurobehavioral testing could enable attribution of this relation to blast-related vPFC damage.
Transmission of Scab Resistance to Tetraploid Potato Via Unilateral Sexual Polyploidization

Resistance to common scab continues to be a high priority trait for potato breeders. We have identified a source of resistance in the diploid wild potato relative Solanum chacoense and have introgressed it into cultivated potato by crossing it to a dihaploid. A clone generated by crossing two full-sib hybrids is highly resistant and produces both 2n pollen and 2n eggs. This clone, named 4–48, is homozygous for a major QTL for scab resistance derived from S. chacoense. Clone 4–48 was reciprocally crossed to three round white cultivars Megachip, Pike, and White Pearl. Common scab resistance was transferred to tetraploid offspring, with transmission through the male parent generally more effective than through the female parent. The majority of progeny (70%) exhibited stability for resistance to common scab across environments. This germplasm will be useful for breeding new resistant cultivars.
The role of public university hospitals in a globalized world

Globalization has increased interdependence between countries and highlighted the importance of international cooperation for improving global health outcomes. International hospital partnerships aimed at expanding education, research opportunities or improving services are increasingly being shaped by globalization processes. Focusing on public university hospitals, this article calls for a critical review of the motives, processes and impact of international hospital partnerships in a changing landscape characterized by economic uncertainty and a global power shift to emerging economies.
The Free Schrödinger Equation

In this chapter, we consider various methods of solving the free Schrodinger equation in one space dimension. Here “free”means that there is no force acting on the particle, so that we may take the potential V to be identically zero
Gas Phase Synthesis of MTBE on Post-Synthesis Modified Zeolites

The performance of post-synthesis modified zeolites was studied for the formation of MTBE from methanol and isobutene. The results suggest that a strong increase in acid strength is required in order to obtain a boost in catalytic activity. Dealumination of zeolites appeared to be the main cause for the activity enhancement, even in the case of post-synthesis modification with electron withdrawing compounds.
Repeatability of central corneal thickness measurements of donor corneas in preservation chamber using Fourier-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography

To evaluate the repeatability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in donor corneas using optical coherence tomography (OCT, RTVue—Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA). Consecutive corneas were measured by a single observer using the RTVue. All corneas were preserved in the Transend chamber and Life4 °C media (Numedis, Inc., Isanti, MN/USA) and stored at 4 °C. The repeatability was evaluated using a pooled within-subject standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). To investigate inter-observer repeatability, a second observer independently measured the CCT for each image scan. CCT was measured in 32 eyes from 18 donors. Measurements were independently repeated by a second observer. The corneas had a mean CCT of 490.99 μm ± 65.95 (381–642) as measured by Observer 1. For observer 1, the SD value for the CCT was 2.94 μm, the CoV value was 0.597%, and the ICC value was 0.998 (95% CI 0.996, 0.999). For observer 2, the SD value was 5.91 μm, the CoV value was 1.21%, and the ICC value was 0.992 (95% CI 0.985, 0.996). The Kappa statistic 21.88% with a p value < 0.001. The Bland–Altman plot shows that the average CCT measurements between the two observers were within 20 μm of each other. The CCT measurements of donor corneas in the preservation chamber using Fourier domain OCT is highly repeatable.
Meter-Scale Slopes of Candidate InSight Landing Sites from Point Photoclinometry

Photoclinometry was used to analyze the small-scale roughness of areas within the proposed Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) landing ellipses. The landing ellipses presented in this study are those in Eberswalde crater, Gale crater, and Holden crater (the Mawrth Vallis site could not be measured due to its albedo variations). We were able to constrain surface slopes on length scales comparable to the HiRISE image resolution (0.25 meters/pixel). The MSL mission has various engineering constraints that each candidate landing ellipse must satisfy. These constraints indicate that the statistical value of the slopes at one, two, and five meter baselines are an important criterion. We used our technique to estimate surface slopes across large swaths of each image, and built up slope statistics for the images in each landing ellipse. We are confident that all three final MSL landing site ellipses that could be measured in this study are within the small-scale roughness constraints. Our results have provided input into the landing hazard assessment process.
Aspects of Perception

Beginning with a critique of Richard Wollheim’s understanding of aspect perception and its significance, this chapter argues against the widespread tendency, which Wollheim shares, to identify aspects with, or in terms of, concepts. The chapter also argues that the experience of aspect-dawning provides evidence in support of, and at the same time elucidates, Merleau-Ponty’s claim that in order to understand human perception, we must recognize perceptual indeterminacy as a ‘positive phenomenon’.
Comparative Study of Heat Flux Instrumentation for Hypersonic Ground Test Facilities

Atmospheric reentry vehicles have wing-body configuration with blunt leading edges on wings and slender fuselage. These vehicles pass through several phases of flight during ascent / descent and therefore their aerodynamic performance parameters vary from rarefied flow conditions to hypersonic continuum flow to subsonic speeds before final full stop. Measurement of temperatures on hot spots in hypersonic flow remained a challenge for a mankind. Re-entry vehicle covers wide range of Mach, angles of attack, angles of side slip and control surface deflections during its complete mission profile. Still today, scientists are facing challenges in recording real time precise data from hypersonic ground test facilities. These facilities although provide insight to flow physics, surface temperature and location of hot spots, yet they cannot match enthalpy, noise, Reynolds number, binary scaling simulation parameter, non-equilibrium chemistry contribution to friction and catalytic heating during hypersonic flight. Thermal protection system encompasses boundary layer physics, gas to surface interaction, high temperature materials and internal thermal management. TPS materials will be evolved only after true measurement of temperature and heat transfer rate. This research includes study of intrusive, semi-intrusive and non-intrusive temperature measuring technologies. It is concluded that E-type coaxial surface junction thermocouples are best suited for high enthalpy flows because they are robust and can survive challenging hyper velocity environment. Thin film gauges having better signal levels and less noise with more consistent response time but are useful for low enthalpy flows only.
Regioselective addition of Grignard reagents to N-acylpyrazinium salts: synthesis of substituted 1,2-dihydropyrazines and Δ5-2-oxopiperazines.

The regioselective addition of Grignard reagents to mono- and disubstituted N-acylpyrazinium salts affording substituted 1,2-dihydropyrazines in modest to excellent yields (45–100%) is described. Under acidic conditions, these 1,2-dihydropyrazines can be converted to substituted Δ5-2-oxopiperazines providing a simple and efficient approach towards their preparation.
Data’s Voice: A Posthumanist Conversation

This purpose of this paper is to explore a communication strategy that allows for new avenues of conversation with people perceived to be non-human “others.” In order to build a strategy this paper uses the theoretical frameworks of posthumanism and Kenneth Burke’s identification to analyze the communication methods used by the character Data (portrayed by Brent Spiner) in the Star Trek film Insurrection (1998). The results of the analysis show that through finding common ground with those perceived to be “others” and allowing everyone a voice we can construct a complete vision of reality and understanding of being.
Genes: The Blueprints for Proteins

Proteins are responsible for so many functions in the cell, but where do they come from? Cellular proteins are manufactured within the cell from sets of plans known as genes. In this chapter, we will discuss what genes are made of on the molecular level, different parts of genes in terms of functions, and the process of going from the genetic set of plans to functioning proteins.
Unraveling the Divergence of GPU Threads

We address the problem of performance issues caused by thread divergence due to branches in applications run on GPU. We eliminate all branches in GPU code through a method we call Algorithm Flattening (AF). AF is counterproductive for CPU code, but optimizes GPU code substantially. The seemingly counterproductive nature of AF is why this method is new and different from previous work. However, AF produces a multiple times speedup from an already GPU accelerated set of test algorithms. AF works by replacing branched code with arithmetic operations. AF increases ILP and processor utilization, and eliminates null operations due to branch divergence in SIMD devices. Although AF requires evaluation of code from all branch paths, this deterministic approach non-intuitively provides a substantial performance improvement for GPU applications, and allows GPUs to be used to accelerate previously unsuitable applications.
Local Nucleon-Nucleon and Three-Nucleon Interactions Within Chiral Effective Field Theory

To obtain an understanding of the structure and reactions of nuclear systems from first principles has been a long-standing goal of nuclear physics. In this respect, few- and many-body systems provide a unique laboratory for studying nuclear interactions. During the past decades, the development of accurate representations of the nuclear force has undergone substantial progress. Particular emphasis has been devoted to chiral effective field theory (EFT), a low-energy effective representation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Within chiral EFT, many studies have been carried out dealing with the construction of both the nucleon-nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon (3N) interactions. The aim of the present article is to give a detailed overview of the chiral interaction models that are local in configuration space, and show recent results for nuclear systems obtained by employing these local chiral forces.
Factors Associated with Initiation of HPV Vaccination Among Young Women and Girls in Urban and Suburban New Orleans

Vaccination coverage against human papilloma virus (HPV) in the United States remains low. This study aimed to identify factors associated with initiation of HPV vaccination among young women and girls in New Orleans, Louisiana. The study was conducted in Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology clinics in New Orleans between 2014 and 2017. Surveys were administered to women ages 18 through 26, and guardians of girls ages 12 through 17. Demographics, health history, sources of medical information, knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccination, opinions on vaccination, expected support for vaccination, and systems-level barriers were assessed. Participants self-reported discussion of the vaccine with a healthcare provider, and whether they or their child had been vaccinated. Participants were predominantly black and low-income. Among young adults, 61/121 (50%) had received any doses of the HPV vaccine; 71/94 (75%) of girls had received it (p < 0.01). In both groups, knowledge of the HPV vaccine, believing the vaccine was available from their usual healthcare provider, and having discussed the vaccine with their provider were associated with increased odds of vaccination. Among young adults, additional factors associated with vaccination were younger age, distance from a healthcare center, knowledge of HPV, and expectation of support from parents. Among guardians, holding negative views on vaccination was associated with decreased odds of vaccination. Discussion of the vaccine with a healthcare provider was the factor most strongly associated with initiation of HPV vaccination in both groups. The results provided actionable items to increase HPV vaccination uptake in these populations.
Prayin’ for Queer Times: Choir Boy and enactments of transient performance:

“Prayin’ for Queer Times: Choir Boy and Enactments of Transient Performance” serves an introduction to this special issue of Cultural Dynamics on Transient Performance. Using a young, queer black m...
Crystallographic texture control in electron beam additive manufacturing via conductive manipulation

Abstract Additive manufacturing processes supplement traditional material processing routes with unique capabilities which can have profound impacts on component production. Physical prototyping is accelerated and the fabrication of complex components, difficult or impossible to produce conventionally, is realized. Metals research is often focused on identifying process windows to avoid defects which thereby yield desirable properties. In electron beam melting fusion processes, however, precise spatial control of the heat source allows for detailed microstructure manipulation. Design is therefore extended to the microstructure scale offering greater overall flexibility towards engineering high performance components. In this work the role of geometry and beam path sequencing in a powder bed electron beam melting process is investigated. It is observed that by carefully engineering the melting sequence the morphology and texture at the mesoscale can be controlled. Solidification in the build direction, which usually prefers [001] directions, is tilted by control of the heat flux vector which yields large columnar crystals with a strong [011] build direction preference. This newly developed conduction control strategy is demonstrated for producing alternating mesoscale structures in bulk samples. Furthermore, a new scanning strategy is demonstrated which may be suitable for promoting a randomized crystallographic texture during the additive manufacturing process.
An Interventional Pain Algorithm for the Treatment of Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome: A Single-Center Retrospective Review.

Objective Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy worldwide. Breast surgery and adjuvant oncological therapies are often required to increase survival. Treatment-related pain may persist and evolve into postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) in a significant subset of breast cancer survivors. In this retrospective investigation, we will present our experience in applying an interventional algorithmic approach to treat PMPS. Design A retrospective study. Setting An academic cancer hospital. Subjects Adult females with PMPS diagnosis. Methods We reviewed 169 records with the diagnosis of PMPS from 2015 to 2019 within our health system. Pre- and post-injection pain scores, relief duration, and medication usage changes were collected. The decision to perform each procedure was based on the anatomic location of the painful area with the corresponding peripheral sensory innervation. Decision-making flow diagrams were created to present our experience in managing PMPS beyond peripheral nerve blocks. Results Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block results (n=350) were analyzed. The mean baseline pain score was 7, compared with the post-treatment mean score of 3 (95% confidence interval: 3.58 to 3.98, P = 0.0001). Among the responders, the mean pain relief duration was 45 days, with a median of 84 days. Opioid medication consumption was reduced by 11% (t = 0.72, P = 0.47). Conclusions Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks of this area could be performed safely and effectively after breast surgeries. We also present our proposed algorithm to provide a stepwise application for selecting the appropriate therapies in the management of more complex PMPS.
Enterprise Risk Management: Benefits and Challenges

In this paper, we have provided the introduction to the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) process by defining ERM, highlighting key keys of an ERM program in an organization, and discussing the COSO and ISO ERM frameworks. Reasons for ERM implementation by firms are also discussed along with the benefits that the organizations gain by integrating their strategic planning with the ERM process. Financial, infrastructure, reputational, and marketplace related benefits are discussed and shown to be leveraged by the firms that implement an effective ERM practice. The key challenges along with their solutions are discussed in this paper where it is shown that ERM practice must be established and implemented keeping best practices in mind so that any unforeseen failures in the future can be avoided. The paper further highlights the important hallmarks of an effective ERM program where nine major points are discussed that came out from a survey addressing the ERM best practices and features. Finally, a case study of the LEGO company is presented.
Comparison of Irradiated TRISO Fuel Radioactivity from Multiple Advanced Reactor Designs

The SCALE code system was used to model, deplete, and compare several different tri-structural isotropic (TRISO)–fueled reactor designs: a helium-cooled prismatic reactor, a helium-cooled pebble-be...
Obligations in a responsible world

In this paper, we suggest defining obligations under the assumption that agents are responsible. We consider how the framework developed by Horty in [2] can be modified to incorporate this idea, and how this solves some objections raised to Horty's system. Also, we discuss how the assumption of a responsible world can (not easily) be incorporated into the framework of knowledge based obligations introduced by Pacuit, Parikh and Cogan in [5].