cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surfactant enhanced recovery of tetrachloroethylene from a porous medium containing low permeability lenses. 1. Experimental studies.

A matrix of batch, column and two-dimensional (2-D) box experiments was conducted to investigate the coupled effects of rate-limited solubilization and layering on the entrapment and subsequent recovery of a representative dense NAPL, tetrachloroethylene (PCE), during surfactant flushing. Batch experiments were performed to determine the equilibrium solubilization capacity of the surfactant, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), and to measure fluid viscosity, density and interfacial tension. Results of one-dimensional column studies indicated that micellar solubilization of residual PCE was rate-limited at Darcy velocities ranging from 0.8 to 8.2 cm/h and during periods of flow interruption. Effluent concentration data were used to develop effective mass transfer coefficient (Ke) expressions that were dependent upon the Darcy velocity and duration of flow interruption. To simulate subsurface heterogeneity, 2-D boxes were packed with layers of F-70 Ottawa sand and Wurtsmith aquifer material within 20–30 mesh Ottawa sand. A 4% Tween 80 solution was then flushed through PCE-contaminated boxes at several flow velocities, with periods of flow interruption. Effluent concentration data and visual observations indicated that both rate-limited solubilization and pooling of PCE above the fine layers reduced PCE recovery to levels below those anticipated from batch and column measurements. These experimental results demonstrate the potential impact of both mass transfer limitations and subsurface layering on the recovery of PCE during surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation.
Data Organization Method for the Parallel Execution of Relational Operations

We propose the use of an indexing technique called M-cycle hash file as a data organization method for storing relations in the database machine. The advantage of using the M-cycle hash file is the effective parallel execution of selection, projection, and join operations without requiring any specialized hardware. With no specialized hardware, our database machine has a much simpler design than other database machines. Moreover, the use of M-cycle hash file reduces the complexity of software, because there is no directory for maintaining the indices. In this paper, we review the M-cycle hash file, present the architecture of our database machine, and describe the high-level algorithms for the parallel execution of relational operations.
Synthesis of nonlinear controllers via fuzzy logic

An analytic formulation of a class of fuzzy logic control algorithms is presented. This formulation makes use of the idea that characteristic functions of fuzzy sets may be considered to be algebraic functions of their arguments. Placing common constraints such as continuity and boundedness on these functions, and making use of a variation of the so-called centroid of area defuzzification rule, results in an analytic formulation of the control law that can be used to explain how fuzzy control algorithms function as they do, and makes formal analysis of fuzzy control systems, at least in principle, possible. >
Cost-Effective Clinical Decision Making

Duncan Neuhauser9s commentary (Pediatrics 60:756, 1977) advocating cost-effectiveness in clinical decision making presents some fundamental problems on both the ethical and technical levels. A satisfactory resolution of both sets of problems is required before this technique is applied in clinical situations. The cost-effectiveness is based squarely on the principle of economy which justifies allocating resources in a way that produces the greatest gain with the least effort. The technique brushes aside all other principles that are relevant to the allocation of health-care resources, including the principle of equality (every human life is equally precious) and the principle of caring (the most fundamental need of the patient is to be restored to good health and the first duty of the physician is to achieve that end).
Application of L-K Optical Flow Algorithm Mixed with Pyramid on Calculating Water Surface Flow Field

A classical Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm was used to analysis the IR Image sequence of the wind-driven surface in this paper. Gaussian pyramid representation was introduced to retain both detail components and veracity for velocity field when considering the aperture problem and robustness. Three layers of pyramid for L-K optical flow is the best comparing with other layers (from one to four) in property. L-K optical flow algorithm mixed with pyramid representation shown an qualified power on calculating water surface flow field, demonstrated by optical flow fields on different wind speeds ( from 3m/s to 6m/s).
Dissertation abstracts in computer graphics

The response to the publication of abstracts from masters and doctoral theses in computer graphics has been overwhelmingly positive. This has not, however, increased the number of schools participating. In fact, the number of schools represented in this year's list has dropped by 65 percent, and only three schools have participated both years. (Three additional schools are represented both years due to abstracts accidentally omitted from last year's list).Since there are limited opportunities to publish in computer graphics, this compendium provides a needed forum for widespread distribution of graduate student research. It is hoped that submission to this project will become part of the normal routine for completion of computer graphics theses.The deadline for the 1990 compendium is January 15, 1990. Submissions should follow the format below and be sent (by electronic mail preferably) to the address above.I would like to thank Canisius College for its support of this project. Specifically, I would like to thank the Computer Science Department office staff (Veronica Serwacki, Kim Smith, Gerry Christian, Dan Bailey and Dawn Beiger) for their help on this project.
A 180° Hybrid Based On Interdigitally Coupled Asymmetrical Artificial Transmission Lines

A 180deg hybrid that is based on interdigitally coupled asymmetrical artificial transmission lines has been demonstrated. The well-known c-mode-pimode analysis has been applied to its structure to derive design equations. Measurements performed on the hybrid have shown a magnitude balance of plusmn0.6 dB and return loss and isolation better than 15 dB over a 42% bandwidth. The hybrid occupies only 54% the area of a ring-shaped rat-race coupler. Furthermore, compared to the rat-race coupler and its variants, the proposed hybrid has a convenient arrangement for its output ports: they are geometrically adjacent and DC-isolated from one-another. This property addresses DC-biasing issues and eliminates the need for cross-over structures for applications in balanced mixer, balanced frequency multiplier and monopulse comparator designs
Introduction to special section: The Hemispheric Dichotomy of Mars

[1] The hemispheric dichotomy is one the most fundamental and least understood features of Mars. The papers in this special section address aspects of the origin of the crustal dichotomy and the modification and evolution of the dichotomy boundary and the northern lowlands. These studies utilize new data from a variety of instruments on spacecraft operating in Mars orbit and on the surface. This special section is an outgrowth of a two-day workshop held at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas.
Charge-dependent and A-dependent effects in isotope shifts of Coulomb displacement energies

Coulomb displacement energies in a series of isotopes generally decrease with $A$. This decrease can arise from an increase with $A$ of the average distance of interaction between pairs of protons. In the shell model a decrease can also result from charge-independence-breaking effects if the neutron-proton interaction for the valence nucleons is more attractive than the neutron-neutron interaction. Using the model recently proposed by Sherr and Talmi for the $1{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ shell, existing data for this shell and also the $1{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ and $1{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ shells were analyzed allowing all matrix elements to vary as ${A}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{3}}$. Least squares calculations of the rms deviation $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ were carried out for varying values of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ from -2 to +2. It was found that although there was a minimum in $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ vs $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ it was too shallow to exclude any $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ for -1 to +1 in the $1{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $1{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ shells or 0 to +1 in the $1{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ shell. It is therefore not possible to distinguish between $A$ dependence and charge dependence in this model. The magnitude of the latter as expressed in terms of $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{nn}$ matrix elements depends strongly on the former. As $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ increases from -1 to +1, these $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{nn}$ matrix elements decrease roughly linearly in absolute magnitude and eventually change sign. For $\ensuremath{\lambda}=0$ they have appreciable and reasonable magnitudes for the $1{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $1{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ shells but for the $1{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ shell the values are too small to be considered significant.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Shell model analysis of Coulomb displacement energies in ground state multiplets in $1{d}_{\frac{5}{2}}$, $1{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, and $1{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ shells.
Mobilization of Intracellular Calcium by Methacholine and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate in Rat Parotid Acinar Cells

In the rat parotid acinar cell, methacholine caused an increase in [Ca2+]i as determined by quin-2 fluorescence. The increase in [Ca2+] i was initially independent of, and subsequently dependent on, the presence of extracellular Ca2+, indicating mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, as well as activation of Ca2+ entry. Methacholine mobilization of the internal Ca2+ pool and stimulation of the initial transient phase of K+ efflux have similar concentration dependencies; the EC50 value for Ca2+ mobilization is 80 nmollL, the EC50 value for K+ efflux is 200 nmol/L. In a permeable parotid cell preparation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate, and inositol 4,5-bisphosphate were able to release Ca2+ from an ATP-dependent, oligomycininsensitive pool. These observations, when taken with the previous finding that methacholine stimulates Ca-independent inositol trisphosphate formation, support the view that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate acts as a second messenger mediating the release of an intr...
STRUCT: incorporating contextual information for English query search on relational databases

Research on keyword search in database community has achieved a lot of success, and areas of interests have been moved from keyword search in relational databases to various advanced issues such as keyword search in multimedia data and data streams. Yet, many fundamental issues on keyword search in traditional databases remain. One such issue is how to interpret users' information needs behind keywords they provided. A common approach of many prototype systems is to make such interpretation as a designer's choice (such as imposing AND or OR semantics, or a combination), leaving no choice to the users. A much more meaningful approach would be allowing users themselves to specify the required semantics through contextual information. So can we build a system which stays with the simplicity of Keyword search, yet can incorporate the contextual information provided in the user query? In this paper we introduce STRUCT to explore this idea. STRUCT takes English language queries involving intended keywords; we refer to such search as English query search. Instead of resorting on a full-fledged natural language processing, the unneeded words in the queries are discarded. Only the specific contextual information along with the keywords containing database contents will be used to construct SQL queries. The contextual information is used to interpret the meaning of the queries, including the semantics involving AND, OR and NOT. In this paper we describe the architecture of STRUCT, the procedure of English query processing (parsing), the basic idea of the grouping algorithm, SQL query construction and sample results of experiments.
Patterns of radiographic outcomes in early, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: A baseline analysis

Abstract We examine radiographic profile patterns using clustering algorithms to assess progression rates at set time intervals in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) observational study. Hands/feet radiographic scores were analyzed for 190 early, seropositive RA patients with ≥ 3 radiographic observations from a prospective cohort. Assessments at 6 months, 1 year, and yearly thereafter were requested for demographic, therapeutic, functional, laboratory, radiographic, and clinical data. Progression rates for the total sharp scores [erosion (E) + joint space narrowing (JSN)] were interpolated for intervals of 0 to 6 months, 6 month–1 year, 1–2 years, and 2–3 years past first radiographic observation. Patients were grouped on their sets of rates by K-median clustering algorithms, and categorical group membership was regressed onto baseline characteristics using multinomial models. The number of clusters was determined using one-way MANOVA, and baseline differences across clusters by Kruskal–Wallis tests. The median RA duration was 6.1 months, mean age 52 years, median disease activity score (DAS) 4.6, mean radiographic observations 4.6 (range 3–8) for this mostly female (77%), Caucasian (78%) sample. 3 patterns were determined: increasing (n = 41; 22%), increasing then decreasing (n = 41; 22%), and flat (n = 108; 57%). High baseline C-reactive protein was associated with a worsening radiographic progression (p Our conclusions are that radiographic progression patterns graphically supplement traditional linear rates, and are flexible to use in both clinical and observational studies. The identified clusters and rates may correspond better with clinical status and treatment over the disease course than linear progression rates alone.
Reconstruction of refractive index discontinuities from truncated phase-contrast tomography projections

Propagation-based phase-contrast tomography is a noninterferometric imaging technique that can reconstruct the complex refractive index distribution of an object. To accomplish such a reconstruction using existing methods, however, there must be no truncation of the phase-contrast projection data in the detector planes at each tomographic view angle. We demonstrate that local tomography reconstruction theory can be applied for reconstruction of refractive index discontinuities in two-dimensional objects from truncated phase-contrast projections acquired in the near-Fresnel zone. Numerical results are presented to corroborate our theoretical assertions.
Care of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in academic medical centers: A community-based comparison

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: A common perception among purchasers is that academic medical centers are inefficient and overutilize technology; however, little empirical information exists. The aim of this study was to compare treatment and outcomes of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage admitted to major teaching hospitals and other hospitals in a large metropolitan area. METHODS: Data on 3801 consecutive eligible patients admitted to five major teaching hospitals and 25 other hospitals from 1991 to 1993 were obtained by review of medical records. Admission severity of illness was measured using validated multivariable models. RESULTS: Rates of upper endoscopy were somewhat lower among the 1004 patients discharged from fellowship hospitals, compared with the other 2797 patients (82.9% vs. 85.6%; P
The growth of computer-assisted instruction in Taiwan schools

Abstract The growth of CAI in Taiwan schools is progressing at a rapid rate. This paper discusses current government projects and expenditures and contrasts CAI efforts in Taiwan with those in the United States.
Cancer and bioethics: Caring and consensus

The most important area in which cancer care and bioethics intersect is in the care of the dying. It is in the shift toward according more control to patients, more choice in the setting in which death will come, and in the willingness to take palliative care and comfort care seriously that bioethics has most usefully interacted with cancer care in the past and is likely to continue to do so in the future.
Comparison of purified lactate dehydrogenases from normal rat liver and Morris hepatomas in rats and in culture.

Abstract Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) from Morris rat hepatomas grown in vivo and from Morris rat Hepatoma 7288c grown in cell culture has been maximally purified for comparison with lactate dehydrogenase from normal rat liver. A rabbit antiserum directed against normal rat liver lactate dehydrogenase has been produced to allow immunochemical characterization. Other studies included heat inactivation, oxamate inhibition, ethanol sensitivity, starch gel electrophoresis, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By each criterion the comparisons revealed enzyme identity.
Cerulean Warbler Abundance and Occurrence Relative to Large-Scale Edge and Habitat Characteristics

We examined Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) abundance and occurrence in southwestern West Virginia, where the coal-mining technique of mountaintop removal mining-valley fill converts large contiguous tracts of deciduous forest to forest patches surrounded by early successional habitats. Our study objectives were to quantify abundance and occurrence of Cerulean Warblers relative to (1) distance from the edge of extensive reclaimed grasslands and (2) habitat structure and landscape characteristics. Cerulean Warbler abundance increased with distance from the edge and edge effects extended 340 m into the forest. Percent occurrence did not vary with distance from mine edge, suggesting a degree of tolerance to the extensive edge occurring at the interface of forest and reclaimed lands. Abundance and occurrence were greater on ridges and midslopes than in bottomlands; consequently, disturbances such as mountaintop mining in which ridges are removed may have a greater impact on populations compared to other sources of fragmentation where ridges are not disturbed. Models based on the information-theoretic approach indicated that Cerulean Warblers were more likely to be present in productive sites on northwest to southeast facing slopes, upper slope positions (midslope to ridgetop), and forests with low sapling density. Cerulean Warbler abundance was positively associated with more productive sites, higher snag density, large blocks of mature deciduous forest, and low amounts of edge in the landscape. In addition to outright loss of forested habitat, mountaintop mining-valley fill alters the spatial configuration of forested habitats, creating edge and area effects that negatively affect Cerulean Warbler abundance and occurrence in the reclaimed mine landscape.
Detection of two satellites in the Cassini division of Saturn's rings

The presence of two about 10-km-radius satellites within a 100-km-wide gap in the Cassini division of Saturn's rings is inferred from the observation of perturbations of nearby ring material. The perturbations are detected as regular fluctuations in the optical depth profile measured during Voyager radio occultation by the rings and are used to estimate the satellite's orbits and masses. The two satellites appear to 'shepherd' a 30-km-wide ringlet within the gap.
Delegating divisible sovereignty: Sweeping a conceptual minefield

Delegating sovereignty to international organizations (IOs) is both increasingly common and controversial. I address the sources of current controversies in three claims. First, although alleged otherwise, sovereignty is eminently divisible. From practice, indivisibility should not be a barrier to delegating to IOs. Second, it is intuitive that longer chains of delegation will be more likely to fail. Yet, it is not the length of the chain per se that matters as whether identifiable conditions for successful delegation are satisfied. Third, although “delegation” is often used to refer to both, delegating and pooling sovereignty are distinct activities. Much of the concern with IOs is really about pooling rather than delegating sovereignty.
Dendrimer-based tumor cell targeting of fibroblast growth factor-1

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) is overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors, and therefore is an attractive target for drug delivery. Recombinant FGF-1 was purified and attached to a fifth-generation (G5) polyamidoamine dendrimer. The specific binding and internalization of this conjugate labeled with FITC was demonstrated by flow cytometry as well as by confocal microscopic analysis in cell lines expressing FGFR. The binding and uptake of FGF-conjugated dendrimers was completely blocked by excess nonconjugated FGF-1. Confocal microscopic analysis showed cytosolic as well as nuclear localization. Multivalent G5-FGF nanoparticles may serve as a platform for cytosolic as well as nuclear drug delivery in tumor cells, and as an FGF delivery agent for angiogenesis and wound healing. Our study shows for the first time the applicability of a dendrimer nanodevice for tumor cell targeting through FGFR.
Demarcating public from private values in evolutionary discourse

What I suggest we can see in this brief overview of the literature is an extensive interpenetration on both sides of these debates between scientific, political, and social values. Important shifts in political and social values were of course occurring over the same period, some of them in parallel with, and perhaps even contributing to, these transitions I have been speaking of in evolutionary discourse. The developments that I think of as at least suggestive of possible parallels include the progressive encroachment of public values into the private domain of post-World War II American life, the cold war, the rise of consumerism, and the flowering of what Christopher Lasch calls a “narcissistic individualism.”35 In popular language, the 1960s gave birth to the “me” generation. Perhaps the most tantalizing analogue is suggested by Barbara Ehrenreich's argument for the emergence of a new meaning (and measure) of masculinity — an ideal of masculinity measured not by commitment, responsibility, or success as family provider, but precisely by the strength of a man's autonomy in the private sphere, his resistance to the demands of a hampering female.36 It is tempting to speculate about possible connections between changes in scientific discourse and developments in the social and political spheres, but such connections, however suggestive, would clearly have to be demonstrated.
Basic fibroblast growth factor is a neurotropic factor in GT1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal cell lines

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays an important role in development of the central nervous system and is neurotropic for a variety of neurons. In this study, we investigated whether bFGF is neurotropic for GT1 GnRH neuronal cell lines and if these cells express functional FGF receptors (FGFRs). The GT1 cell lines generated by genetically targeted tumorigenesis display highly differentiated properties of GnRH neurons. Addition of 2 and 10 ng/ml bFGF increased neurite outgrowth of GT1-7 cells and resulted in a significant increase of GT1 cell survival in serum-free medium. However, bFGF had no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation at 24 or 48 h. RNase protection assays using riboprobes specific for murine FGFRs 1-3 showed that GT1 cells express FGFRs 1 and 3 but not 2. Occupancy of FGFRs with 10 ng/ml bFGF stimulated the sustained tyrosine phosphorylation of both the 42- and 44-kilodalton mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for up to 6 h as shown by Western blot analysis. In addition, phospho...
When conventional asthma therapies fail.

Nearly seven decades have passed since Barach described the first cases of asthma managed with heliox, and Fuchs reported the therapeutic use of general anesthesia for severe asthmatics. Since then, IV anesthetics, BAL and ECLS have been added to the list of salvage therapies for patients with refractory asthma. Furtunately, most patients will respond to conventional therapies, but for those who don't, we lack good evidence to guide us in our choice of further treatments. Heliox has been demonstrated in some but not all studies to improve airflow and other parameters among patients with asthma, without any significant side effects. It is reasonable to give a therapeutic trial of heliox in patients with severe airflow obstruction who are felt to be at risk of respiratory muscle fatigue and respiratory failure. For intubated patients on mechanical ventilatory, support, heliox may be given through the ventilator circuit, but the potential issues with inaccuracy of flow meters for this low-density gas must be considered. Limited evidence supports the use of propofol in refractory SA; given its ready availability and ease of administration, it is worth trying in the hemodynamically stable asthmatic patients. Extreme caution should be exercised in administering this drug to a nonintubated patient. Inhalational anesthesia should be left for cases in which propofol has failed or cannot be tolerated, given the difficulties in its therapeutic administration. Therapeutic BAL may be of benefit in selected patients with mucous plugging, but criteria for selecting patients for this aggressive and potentially dangerous intervention are not clear. ECLS may be considered as a last ditch effort for the patient with SA who has inadequate gas exchange despite all other available therapies.
Selectivity Enhancement of a Bacterial Arginine Electrode

Abstract The selectivity of a previously reported bacterial arginine electrode has been greatly enhanced, with no loss of response to arginine. The response of this sensor to glutamine and asparagine was found to be due to a contaminant growing in the bacterial layer of the electrode. The addition of 1 × 10−3 M sodium azide to the working buffer and cold storage of the electrode effectively controlled the growth of the contaminating bacteria and maintained the low initial response of the electrode to these amino acids in the concentration range of 4 × 10−5 to 1.5 × 10−3 M. At these optimum conditions, the response of the sensor to arginine was unaffected by the presence of a mixture of amino acids at physiological levels.
Study on the Effects of Adenoid-Tonsillar Operation in Infants under 2 Years of Age

Infants with upper airway obstruction caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy often suffer from sudden death. We have performed adenotonsillar operations on patients under 2 years of age. These infants had sleep apnea, dyspnea, poor increase of body weight or cardiac hypertrophy. This is a report on a clinical study on these infants. Between October 1988 and February 1998 eighteen patients under 2 years of age (17 boys and one girl) had an adenotonsillar operation in our hospital. Three had adenotomy and two had adenotomy and one-sided tonsillectomy. The remaining thirteen patients had adenotonsillectomy. During the post operative period, all showed remarkable improvement in sleep apnea and dyspnea with the exception of four patients in whom reoperation was required because sleep apnea was brought on again by adenoid rehypertrophy and tonsillar hypertrophy. Based on this study, we conclude that adenotonsillectomy is effective in infants with sleep apnea or dyspnea caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
Evolution of Temperature Regulatory Mechanisms

Temperature regulation in vertebrates utilizes both behavioral and metabolic-circulatory mechanisms which are under the control of preoptic-anterior hypothalamic structures. Both central and peripheral thermoreceptors exist in all classes of vertebrates, but major differences in their importance in regulating body temperature occur. Within the central nervous system (CNS), structures controlling thermoregulation are highly redundant; subsystems occur at several CNS levels in a hierarchical organization. Thermoregulatory effector mechanisms have not evolved independently, but are derived from pre-existing organ systems which originally evolved for other functions.
Strategic positioning in Romanian higher education

Purpose – The study presented in this paper is intended to assist the decision‐making process in Romanian higher education institutions on topics such as market structure analysis, market segmentation, positioning of the specializations, and the cannibalization between them.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes a preliminary qualitative study that examines the primary motives that affect choice of specializations before developing and validating a measurement instrument. The objective of the questionnaire was to help managers collect information regarding perceptions on specializations from a pool of 344 students of a major Romanian business faculty. The data were used to generate a perceptual map, which disclosed a three‐cluster solution. In a parallel study, an internal analysis of preferences on 1,390 subjects revealed the existence of three market segments: “the pragmatics,” “the sociables” and “the diploma hunters.”Findings – Facing competition, Romanian higher education institutions nee...
Lucibufagines. Partie III. Oxo‐11‐et oxo‐12‐bufalines, stéroïdes défensifs des lampyres Photinus ignitus et P. marginellus (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Lucibufagins. Part III1 . 11-Oxo-and 12-oxo-bufalins, defensive steroids from the fireflies Photinus ignitus and P. marginellus (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Four lucibufagins (4, 8, 9 and 10), defensive bufadienolides from the fireflies Photinus ignitus and P. marginellus (Coleoptera: Lampyrida), have been isolated and are characterized by spectroscopic means.
Fielding and the Morality of Music

Music was more than simply a form of entertainment to Fielding; it was an instrument of morality as well. Not only did he frequently include an instructive message in his own songs, but he viewed the appreciation of music as a hallmark of the good and deafness to it as suggesting a dangerous lack of humanity. So closely tied were ethics and aesthetics for him that he believed “true Virtue is…nothing else but true Taste.” As a result, the type of music his characters prefer helps define them morally with a professed love of opera implying an ethical deficiency and an attachment to Handel denoting a sound and sophisticated moral sense. Still, while cherishing music, Fielding saw it as not without its moral hazards. Given its strong sensory appeal, he feared its power over the passions could override reason with potentially harmful results. In fact, he regarded it as an intensifier that could amplify our existing inclinations for better or for worse. Therefore, he embraced the neoclassical precept that it should be governed by lyrics that direct our feelings toward a rational and ethical end. Indeed, if used wisely and well, he deemed music to be a uniquely potent and positive force that could elevate our souls almost to heaven.
Factorial Analysis of Motivational Self-Ratings from a Combined Sample of Male and Female Subjects

An iterative factor analysis was performed on the scores obtained from a Motivational Adjective Check List (MACL) for a combined sample of undergraduate male and female students (N = 202). The initial matrix of significant factors was totated according to the quartimax, varimax, and equamax procedures. The promax rotation was, then, performed on each of the three orthogonal solutions obtaining the promax-quartimax, promax-varimax, and promax-equamax solutions. Interpretation of factors was based on the promax-equa max solution and the factors obtained were: striving and assertion.
Ethanol increases carotenoid production in Phaffia rhodozyma

Addition of ethanol (0.2%) to cultures of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma increased the specific rate of carotenoid production [(carotenoid)(cell mass)-1(time)-1]. The incremental increase in carotenoid synthesis with ethanol was highest in carotenoid-hyperproducing strains. Ethanol increased carotenoid production when it was added at various points during the lag and active growth phases. Ethanol increased alcohol dehydrogenase and hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activities. Our results indicate that increased carotenoid production by ethanol is associated with induction of HMG-CoA reductase and possibly activation of oxidative metabolism.
The utility of screening for historical risk factors for preterm birth in women with known second trimester cervical length

AbstractObjective: To evaluate for the presence of risk factors (RFs) for preterm birth (PTB) in women without prior PTB having second trimester cervical length (CL) screening, and to estimate the utility of RF screening.Methods: “Low-risk” singletons were prospectively screened with midtrimester transvaginal ultrasound CL. Prior PTB, intrauterine fetal demise and lethal anomalies were excluded. Women were analyzed based on second trimester CL (<25 mm versus ≥25 mm) and the presence of RFs for PTB. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 639 women were screened; 8% had CL <25 mm. Ninety-eight percent of women with CL <25 mm and 95% of women with CL ≥25 mm had RFs for PTB. Five percent of women with a CL ≥25 mm delivered preterm as compared to 18% with CL <25 mm (p < 0.01). Treatment of cervical dysplasia, drug use during the pregnancy and unmarried status were significantly more common in women with CL <25 mm than CL ≥25 mm. When data were analyzed by CL, the presence of additio...
An Integrated Model Approach for Quantifying Carbon Emissions From Residue-Based Biofuel Production

This paper presents an agricultural residue removal decision framework that couples the environmental process models WEPS, RUSLE2, SCI, and DAYCENT. One of the goals of this integrated model is to quantify the impacts of land management strategies on soil organic carbon and CO2 emissions. Soil, climate, and land management practices are considered in determining sustainable residue removal rates using wind- and water-induced soil erosion and qualitative soil organic carbon constraints and to quantify the long-term impacts of sustainable residue removal on soil organic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. Using this integrated model sustainable residue removal for four crop rotations, three tillage regimes, and four soil types representing nearly 70% of the arable acres in Boone County, Iowa are examined. Each scenario was performed for a twenty-year period. Soil organic carbon and CO2 emission results are aggregated by soil type using crop rotation and tillage statistics. The soil type results are aggregated using a normalized percentage area to provide a county level estimate of soil organic carbon changes and CO2 emissions. Results show that for the largest sustainable residue removal rate that soil organic carbon increased 3.53–6.63 Mg/ha over the 20 year simulation and that CO2 emissions ranged from 3.50–4.23 Mg/ha across the four soil types resulting in an average increase of soil organic carbon of 4.85 Mg/ha and CO2 emission of 3.77 Mg/ha at the county level.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Effects of warming imagery aimed at trigger-point sites on tissue compliance, skin temperature, and pain sensitivity in biofeedback-trained patients with chronic pain: a preliminary study.

Summary.-13 subjects were trained in biofeedback and self-regulation stmcegles for reducing chronic pain. Upon demonstrating ability to hand warm, subjects were cxposed to an imagery exercise designed to increase skin temperature at trigger-point sites, which are small tender irritative foci located in the soft tissue. Skin temperature, tissue compliance, and pressure-pain sensitivity were recorded before and after imagery intervention. Subjects showed significant increases in skin temperature and muscle relaxation at trigger-point sites and decreases in pressure-pain sensitivity. This suggests that localized trigger-point warming may be an effective adjunct in treating chronic pain. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the potential effects of a general relaxation and thermal biofeedback training program, culminated by warmth-inducing imagery, on chronic pain patients. More specifically, we examined the effects of an imagery exercise aimed at trigger-point sites on muscle tone and skin temperature at these locations. In addition, a measure of over-all pain tolerance was recorded in response to the imagery exercise by these patients who had previously been trained in biofeedback and general relaxation. Trigger points are small, exquisitely tender irritative foci located in soft tissue or periosteum and are considered the painful condition most frequently seen in general practice (Kraus, 1970; Travell & Simons, 1983; Bonica, 1957). The clinical significance of trigger points is two-fold in that their presence provides documentation of underlying trauma and proper location and treatment often leads to excellent clinical results (Travell, & Simons, 1983; Fischer, 1984). The surface skin temperature at trigger points frequently increases within a disk shaped area 5 to 10 cm in diameter as documented by thermography heat imaging. Fischer and Chang (1986) presented evidence that these increases in temperature are not the result of direct conduction of heat from deep inflammatory foci but from heat conveyance associated with increases in venous blood flow from deep tissues. Their
European, Lebanese, and African Traders in Pendembu, Sierra Leone: 1908-1968

This article discusses the changing context in which European, Lebanese, and African traders have conducted business in Pendembu, Eastern Province, Sierra Leone, since the establishment of the railhead there in 1908. The branch offices of several European import-export houses at first dominated local commerce, which was mainly concerned with palm products and cheap imported goods. Their major competitors were several independent Lebanese traders, who eventually gained the upper hand in large-scale commerce when the basis of trade changed from cash to credit after 1940. In recent years the emergence of a large number of small-scale African entrepreneurs has made retailing less lucrative for the Lebanese, who have concentrated increasingly on wholesaling and produce-bulking. Even in this latter activity, however, the Lebanese are now experiencing competition from a few large-scale African businessmen. Nevertheless, African participation in large-scale commerce is still hampered by extended-family ties and b...
Dual Fabry–Perot filter for measurement of CO rotational spectra: design and application to the CO spectrum of Venus

We present the design of a harmonic resonant filter that can be used with a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) for simultaneous measurement of a series of lines in the CO rotational ladder. To enable studies of both broad CO absorptions in Venus and modestly red-shifted CO emission from external galaxies, relatively broad (approximately 10-30-GHz FWHM) transmission passbands are desirable. Because a single low-finesse Fabry Perot (FP) etalon has insufficient interline rejection, a dual-FP etalon was considered. Such a design provides significantly better interband rejection and somewhat more flattopped transmission spikes. A prototype filter of this type, made of two thin silicon disks spaced by an air gap, has been constructed and used with our FTS at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory for simultaneous measurement of the four submillimeter CO transitions in the atmosphere of Venus that are accessible from the ground.
Computer Simulation of Chloroform with a Polarizable Potential Model

A series of molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to examine the thermodynamic and the structural properties of the liquid and liquid/vapor of chloroform. The computed liquid densities and the enthalpies of vaporization and their corresponding temperature dependence are in excellent agreement with experimental values. The radial distribution functions and the corresponding neutron scattering cross sections were critically evaluated against the experimental data. The agreement between both approaches was found to be quite reasonable. The equilibrium interfacial properties of the chloroform liquid/vapor were also evaluated. The computed density profile shows that the interface is not sharp at a microscopic level and has a thickness of 5.9 {angstrom} at 298 K. The calculated surface tensions as a function of temperature are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. Accurate ab initio calculations were also carried out on the chloroform dimer, and the result for the binding energy was in good agreement with the value obtained from the molecular dynamics model. 27 refs., 12 figs., 7 tabs.
Influence of pyridinolcarbamate on hepatic cholesterogenesis in rats

Mannliche Wistar-Ratten wurden wahrend 3 Wochen mit 0,3% Pyridinolcarbamat gefuttert, der Cholesterinspiegel in Leber und Serum bestimmt und ausserdem der Einbau von Na-Acetat-1-14C und Mevalonsaure-2-14C im Cholesterin von Leberschnitten gemessen. Der Cholesterinspiegel in Serum und Leber wird durch Pyridinolcarbamat nicht beeinflusst. Der Einbau von Acetat-1-14C in Cholesterin wurde durch Pyridinolcarbamat gehemmt, wahrend die Conversion von Mevalonat-2-14C unbeeinflusst blieb.
Photosystem I generates a free-energy change of 0.7 electron volts or less

Abstract The intensity of delayed luminescence from wild-type Scenedesmus obliquus was used to refine a previous determination (Marchiarullo, M.A. and Ross, R.T. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 636, 254–257) of the free-energy change in Photosystem II, which we find to be 0.99 eV under physiological conditions. Similar measurements were made of the very weak luminescence from a mutant deficient in plastoquinone A, originally with the expectation that this luminescence would be from Photosystem I. However, the action spectrum for excitation of mutant luminescence is that of Photosystem II. There is no measurable change in the properties of the mutant luminescence with changes in excitation wavelength extending to 708 nm, leading us to conclude that Photosystem I contributes less than 5% of the emission 10 ms after excitation. This limit on the intensity of emission from Photosystem I places an upper limit of 0.69 eV on its free-energy difference.
I Am My Language: Discourses of Women and Children in the Borderlands

. Am My Language: Discourses of Women and Children in the Borderlands. Norma Gonzalez. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001. xxii. 220 pp., notes, references, index.
Affective states and state tests: investigating how affect throughout the school year predicts end of year learning outcomes

In this paper, we investigate the correspondence between student affect in a web-based tutoring platform throughout the school year and learning outcomes at the end of the year, on a high-stakes mathematics exam. The relationships between affect and learning outcomes have been previously studied, but not in a manner that is both longitudinal and finer-grained. Affect detectors are used to estimate student affective states based on post-hoc analysis of tutor log-data. For every student action in the tutor the detectors give us an estimated probability that the student is in a state of boredom, engaged concentration, confusion, and frustration, and estimates of the probability that they are exhibiting off-task or gaming behaviors. We ran the detectors on two years of log-data from 8th grade student use of the ASSISTments math tutoring system and collected corresponding end of year, high stakes, state math test scores for the 1,393 students in our cohort. By correlating these data sources, we find that boredom during problem solving is negatively correlated with performance, as expected; however, boredom is positively correlated with performance when exhibited during scaffolded tutoring. A similar pattern is unexpectedly seen for confusion. Engaged concentration and frustration are both associated with positive learning outcomes, surprisingly in the case of frustration.
Probabilistic measures of persistence and extinction in measles (meta)populations

Persistence and extinction are fundamental processes in ecological systems that are difficult to accurately measure due to stochasticity and incomplete observation. Moreover, these processes operate on multiple scales, from individual populations to metapopulations. Here we examine an extensive new dataset of measles case reports and associated demographics in pre-vaccine era U.S. cities, alongside a classic England & Wales dataset. We first infer the per-population quasi-continuous distribution of log incidence. We then use stochastic, spatially implicit metapopulation models to explore the frequency of rescue events and apparent extinctions. We show that, unlike critical community size, the inferred distributions account for observational processes, allowing direct comparisons between metapopulations. The inferred distributions scale with population size. We use these scalings to estimate extinction boundary probabilities. We compare these predictions with measurements in individual populations and random aggregates of populations, highlighting the importance of medium-sized populations in metapopulation persistence.
Bicultural self-efficacy among college students: Initial scale development and mental health correlates.

Theory and empirical research suggest that perceived self-efficacy, or one's perceived ability to perform personally significant tasks, is related to individuals' psychological well-being and mental health. Thus, the authors hypothesized that bicultural individuals' perceived ability to function competently in 2 cultures, or perceived bicultural self-efficacy, would be related positively to their psychological well-being and mental health. Three studies were conducted to develop and validate a measure of perceived bicultural self-efficacy and to explore its relationships with indices of psychological well-being and mental health. Exploratory (n = 268) and confirmatory (n = 164) factor analyses on the theoretically derived Bicultural Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) items support a measurement model that taps into the 6 dimensions of bicultural competence proposed by T. LaFromboise, H. L. K. Coleman, and J. Gerton (1993). Furthermore, initial evidence for internal consistency (Studies 1, 2, and 3) and test-retest reliability (n = 51 Asian Americans) for each of the 6 subscales were found. Finally, perceived bicultural self-efficacy was found to be related to bicultural college students' psychological well-being and mental health. Research implications of the perceived bicultural self-efficacy construct and the potential utility of the BSES as a multidimensional measure of the construct are discussed.