cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novelty Seeking as a Moderator of Familial Risk for Alcohol Dependence

Background: Disinhibitory personality traits such as high novelty seeking (NS) are moderately heritable, and individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently exhibit such traits. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the supposition that such traits are true familial risk factors for SUD and particularly for alcohol dependence. Another possibility is that familial risk interacts with personality-associated risk, in which case the association between personality and familial risk might depend on sample composition, accounting for the lack of consensus among studies to date. We examined this possibility by analyzing the association between NS and alcohol dependence in individuals at intermediate and high levels of familial risk for alcohol dependence. Methods: Data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, a multisite family study, were examined. Subjects were 1,111 adult siblings of alcohol-dependent index cases. Parental diagnoses of alcohol dependence and personality scores of NS from the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire were used to predict alcohol dependence. Results: A significant interaction between NS and familial risk for alcoholism was seen, such that NS was a significantly stronger predictor of alcohol dependence in subjects with one or more parents with alcohol dependence than in subjects without alcohol-dependent parents. Conclusions: Novelty seeking and familial risk interact so that the risk associated with high NS is magnified in families with parental alcohol dependence and NS is a moderator of familial risk. Accordingly, high NS is strongly associated with alcohol dependence in subjects with a parent diagnosed with alcohol dependence, but low NS may protect against the risk associated with familial alcoholism. This interaction may account for conflicting findings from studies that have examined this question previously.
Diatoms as food of larval sea lampreys in a small tributary of northern Lake Michigan

(1967). Diatoms as Food of Larval Sea Lampreys in a Small Tributary of Northern Lake Michigan. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 96, No. 2, pp. 224-226.
Direct measurement of laser fluence distribution and optoacoustic imaging in heterogeneous tissues

Determination of laser light distribution in tissues is an important aspect of any laser treatment of living tissues. It is especially essential for clinical laser procedures where profile of light distribution changes during irradiation and requires adjustments of laser conditions. Time- resolved stress detection (TRSD) technique is developed for the monitoring of light distribution in laser irradiated biological tissues, and for the measurement of tissue optical properties. The z-axial profile of a transient stress generated in tissue under confined stress conditions of irradiation corresponds to z-axial distribution of absorbed laser energy in the irradiated volume. The shapes and amplitudes of stress transients induced in layered biological tissues carry information about absorption and scattering properties in each tissue layer. TRSD technique does not require any special preparations, such as tissue slicing, to determine differences in optical properties of layered tissue. The temporal profile of the acoustic signal formed by laser heating can be detected from tissue front or rear surfaces. These two options provide necessary flexibility for an investigator to measure various tissues in vivo. We present time-resolved measurements of acoustic transients induced in heterogeneous phantom tissues by nanosecond laser pulses. Results indicate a capability of TRSD technique to resolve differently absorbing tissue layers with 10 micrometers resolution. Sensitivity of this technique, its advantages and limitations are discussed. Capability of this technique to measure optical properties in layered tissues is defined by a combination of three factors: absorption coefficient, depth of certain layer and its thickness. Thickness of tissue layers with different optical properties can be measured with about 1-micrometers precision. Monte-Carlo simulations of light propagation in layered tissues yielded a good agreement with experimental results.
Radiation damage effects in the uranium-bearing δ-phase oxide Y6U1O12

Ion irradiation damage effects in delta (d )Y 6U1O12 were characterized using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Experimental results revealed no amorphization transformation occurs in Kr-ion irradiated Y6U1O12 to a maximum displacement damage dose of �50 displacements per atom at cryogenic temperature. Density functional theory calculations indicate that d-Y6U1O12 possesses a relatively low cation antisite formation energy, which may help to explain the observed resistance of d-Y6U1O12 to irradiation-induced amorphization of d-Y6U1O12.
Synaptosomal Membrane‐Bound Form of Endopeptidase‐24.15 Generates Leu‐Enkephalin from Dynorphin 1‐8, α‐ and β‐Neoendorphin, and Met‐Enkephalin from Met‐Enkephalin‐Arg6‐Gly7‐Leu

: Brain contains a membrane-bound form of endopeptidase-24. 15, a metalloendopeptidase predominantly associated with the soluble protein fraction of brain homogenates. Subcellular fractionation of the enzyme in rat brain showed that 20–25% of the total activity is associated with membrane fractions including synaptosomes. Solubilization of the enzyme from synaptosomal membranes required the use of detergents or treatment with trypsin. The specific activity of the enzyme in synaptosomal membranes measured with tertiary-butoxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-aminobenzoate as substrate was higher than that of endo-peptidase-24.11 (“enkephalinase”), a membrane-bound zinc-metalloendopeptidase believed to function in brain neuropeptide metabolism. Purified synaptosomal membranes converted efficiently dynorphini1-8, α-and β-neoen-dorphin into leucine enkephalin and methionine-enkepha-Iin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 into methionine enkephalin in the presence of captopril, bestatin, and N-[l- (R, S)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-Phe-p-aminobenzoate, inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1), aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), and membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11), respectively. The conversion of enkephalin-containing peptides into enkephalins was virtually completely inhibited by N-[l- (R, S)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-aminobenzoate, a specific active-site-directed inhibitor of endopeptidase-24.15, indicating that this enzyme was responsible for the observed interconversions. The data indicate that synaptosomal membranes contain enzymes that can potentially generate and degrade both leucine-and methionine-enkephalin.
Excitation energy and isotope dependence of exciplex formation in the vapor phase: evidence for vibrational effects in photoassociation

Abstract The effects of excitation energy and isotopic substitution on photoassociation between electronically excited s-tetracyanobenzene and ground-state p -xylene have been studied in the vapor phase. The results give evidence for the occurrence of important vibrational effects in photoassociation processes.
A model for the intervalence transfer band profile of bridged mixed-valence dimers

Abstract A three-site model for bridged mixed-valence dimers is discussed. Adiabatic potential energy surfaces which depend upon the vibrational sum and difference coordinates are obtained. Intensities of the vibronic transitions which contribute to the intervalence transfer band shape are calculated using population-weighted Franck—Condon factors. We show that the lineshape is dominated by the sum coordinate and not the difference coordinate when the electron exchange coupling is strong.
Enhancing learning in RF/Microwave engineering

RF/Microwave engineering learning among students is enhanced with the method introduced. The method comprises of three components: theory, modeling and simulation, and experimentation. The method is implemented as a teaching methodology to link theory and practice via CAD tools. Application examples are given from the RF/Microwave Engineering courses developed for undergraduate and graduate levels at the Electrical Engineering Program of Purdue University Fort Wayne Campus. Survey has been conducted to measure the effectiveness of the teaching method proposed. It is observed that the method proposed in this paper links the theory and practice and as a result increases the learning of the fundamentals among the students and significantly contributes to their career.
Auger and X-ray photoelectron diffraction in MgO(001)

Abstract A new method for preparing the MgO(001) surface is introduced. Al Kα-excited, angular distributions of MgKL2,3L2,3 Auger, Mg 1s, and O 1s core-level photoemission intensities were measured. We show that high-kinetic-energy MgKL2,3L2,3 Auger and O 1s photoelectron diffraction patterns are strongly dependent upon the atomic numbers of atoms neighboring the emitter. The physical cause for this result is the inherent differences in the elastic scattering cross sections of Mg and O. In addition, we show that low-kinetic-energy Mg 1s photoelectron diffraction patterns are sensitive to input atomic charges and radii, in contrast to the behavior observed for their high-energy counterparts.
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of C-nucleosides. The structure of pyrazomycin B1

Abstract The 13C nmr spectra of three nucleosides and four C-nucleosides have been recorded and all carbon signals assigned. These data have been utilized for the determination of the structure and conformation of the antibiotic pyrazomycin B. Steric differences have been shown to be reflected in the chemical shift values.
Trace gas measurements from tethered balloon platforms

Instrumentation and chemical sampling and analysis procedures are described for making measurements of atmospheric carbon disulfide in the concentration range 1-1000 pptv from tethered balloon platforms. Results of a study on the CS2 composition of air downward of a saltwater marsh are reported. A method for obtaining the necessary data for solving the budget equations for surface fluxes, chemical formation rates and chemical destruction rates using data acquired from tethered balloon platforms is presented.
Use of magnetic resonance imaging to visualize impregnation across aligned cylinders due to capillary forces

Transverse flow across micro-cylinders has been previously approached via both analytical and experimental techniques, but there is still a need for a reliable experimental method to expose the minutiae of the capillary flow front advancement. The present paper illustrates the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to track the movement of the fluid across cylindrical samples made of aligned micro-cylinders due to capillary action. The results underline the capabilities of MRI to visualize the flow front advancement through the fibrous porous samples, and provide an enhanced understanding of the way spontaneous capillary impregnations of such samples develop, with the compression of entrapped air in the samples that opposes the flow. The results shed light on the role of entrapped air, the porosity and the variation in the flow behavior along with the limitations of MRI, as perceived in our study.
Personalized Strategies to Activate and Empower Patients in Health Care and Reduce Health Disparities

Designing culturally sensitive personalized interventions is essential to sustain patients' involvement in their treatment and encourage patients to take an active role in their own health and health care. We consider patient activation and empowerment as a cyclical process defined through patient accumulation of knowledge, confidence, and self-determination for their own health and health care. We propose a patient-centered, multilevel activation and empowerment framework (individual-, health care professional-, community-, and health care delivery system-level) to inform the development of culturally informed personalized patient activation and empowerment (P-PAE) interventions to improve population health and reduce racial and ethnic disparities. We discuss relevant Affordable Care Act payment and delivery policy reforms and how they affect patient activation and empowerment. Such policies include Accountable Care Organizations and value-based purchasing, patient-centered medical homes, and the community health benefit. Challenges and possible solutions to implementing the P-PAE are discussed. Comprehensive and longitudinal data sets with consistent P-PAE measures are needed to conduct comparative effectiveness analyses to evaluate the optimal P-PAE model. We believe the P-PAE model is timely and sustainable and will be critical to engaging patients in their treatment, developing patients' abilities to manage their health, helping patients express concerns and preferences regarding treatment, empowering patients to ask questions about treatment options, and building up strategic patient-provider partnerships through shared decision making.
Immediate and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving vasodilator therapy.

Objective To determine the immediate and long-term effects of adding sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, to the medical regimen of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Patients and Methods Thirteen patients with PAH received empirical adjunctive sildenafil treatment at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, between November 1, 2000, and August 31, 2001. All received a 25-mg dose of sildenafil, increased by 25 mg at 8-hour intervals, if tolerated, up to 100 mg during hemodynamic monitoring for 24 to 48 hours. Long-term effects on right heart hemodynamics were assessed by noninvasive right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular index of myocardial performance, and a 6-minute walk test. Results Sildenafil significantly increased cardiac output (CO) ( P =.04) and decreased pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and mean arterial pressure ( P ≤.01) at peak measurements (obtained 1-2 hours after highest dose). At trough measurements (obtained 8 hours after highest dose), sildenafil significantly decreased pulmonary artery systolic pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and mean arterial pressure ( P =.01). Ten patients discharged from the hospital were taking the highest-tolerated dose of sildenafil every 8 hours. The right ventricular systolic pressure and right index of myocardial performance showed no significant improvement at follow-up (117±70 days), although concomitant treatment with epoprostenol could be tapered in 2 patients. Changes in New York Heart Association classes were inconsistent, and improvements in the 6-minute walk test were not significant. Conclusion Sildenafil has an immediate pulmonary vasodilator effect in patients already receiving vasodilators for PAH. Its long-term effects on right heart function and functional status are equivocal. A large, prospective, well-designed study is needed to determine the effects of sildenafil on PAH, both in untreated and concurrently treated patients.
Electrochemistry: Protons on tap

Electrochemistry has so far been mostly centred around measuring factors and coefficients. Through the reversible reduction and oxidation of an electrode coating formed from three-dimensional hybrid aniline–gold nanoparticles, it has now moved on to controlling the pH of a solution, thus triggering specific reactions.
Cloning, expression, and cellular localization of the oncogenic 58-kDa inhibitor of the RNA-activated human and mouse protein kinase

The 58-kDa inhibitor of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a cellular protein that is activated during influenza virus infection to down-regulate the activity of PKR. This study was initiated to further our understanding of the inhibitor which, when overproduced, has the capacity to malignantly transform cells. We report here the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding the inhibitor, designated p58, from human HeLa and mouse NIH 3T3 cells. The human and mouse p58 cDNAs were 6.5 and 1.6 kb in length, respectively. Surprisingly, the deduced amino acid sequences of the human and mouse p58 were 96% identical, indicating a remarkably high degree of conservation between species. An examination of p58 mRNA expression in human tissues revealed a 6.5-kb transcript in all tissues examined, with a particularly high level of expression present in the pancreas and liver, and also in certain leukemic cell lines. Similarly, p58 expression was detected in all mouse tissues examined, with the highest level of expression found in liver. In contrast to human tissues, three p58 transcripts of approximately 1.7, 3.3 and 5.4 kb were observed in mouse tissues, suggesting that p58 expression may be regulated differently in human and mouse cells. Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions and indirect immunofluorescence analysis of intact cells revealed that p58 was found predominantly in the cytoplasm, consistent with its function as an inhibitor of PKR, which is also a predominantly cytoplasmic protein.
“The Other Woman”: Reading a Body of Difference in Balzac's la Filleaux Yeux D'or

(1997). “The Other Woman”: Reading a Body of Difference in Balzac's la Filleaux Yeux D'or. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 43-50.
Multiple Marker Screening Test: Identification of Fetal Cystic Hygroma, Hydrops, and Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy

The goal of this study was to determine if the multiple marker screening test (maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, human chorionic gonadotrophin, and maternal age) detects fetal Turner syndrome or just cystic hygroma/hydrops. Multiple marker screening tests from 4 groups were compared: 1) Turner syndrome with hydrops/ hygroma group (n = 10) = fetuses with cystic hygroma/hydrops and a 45X karyotype, 2) Turner syndrome without hydrops/hygroma (n = 9) = sonographically unremarkable fetal Turner syndrome or Turner mosaic, 3) hydrops group (n = 8) = all cases of fetal cystic hygroma/hydrops excluding Turner syndrome, 4) sex chromosome aneuploidy group (n = 16) = other sonographically normal fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies. Positive screening tests (Down syndrome risk > or = 1:190 or MSAFP > or = 2.5 MOM) were found in 60% (6/10) of the Turner syndrome with hydrops/hygroma group, but only 11% (1/9) of the Turner syndrome without hydrops/hygroma group (P = .04). The incidence of positive screening tests in the Hydrops group was 75% (6/8), while it was only 12.5% (2/16) in the other sex chromosome aneuploidy group. We conclude that the multiple marker screening test identifies fetuses with cystic hygroma/hydrops, and may do so independently of the etiology of the hydrops.
Training theory of mind following right hemisphere damage: A pilot study

Successful communicative interactions in large part rely on an ability to infer the mental states of conversational partners. Understanding other people’s mental states, such as thoughts, beliefs, and emotions, allows us to understand and predict their behaviors. Mental states are often described in terms of two components of a “Theory of Mind” (ToM): first-order beliefs, that is, what a person believes about the world, and the more complex second-order beliefs, that is, what one person believes about the mental state of another person. Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits have been reported in individuals subsequent to RHD as well as in other populations such as autism and patients with prefrontal lesion (Baron-Cohen et al., 1985, Happe et al., 1999 and Stone et al., 1998). Theoretical accounts consider ToM in relation to, for example, executive function or empathy, or as a relatively independent cognitive ability.
Quantitative endpoints for embolization utilizing real-time pressure measurements: anti-reflux infusion system versus end-hole catheter

Purpose Embolization procedures are currently performed using end-hole catheters; contrast agent flow dynamics provide a qualitative indicator of the degree of embolization. This research investigates the feasibility of monitoring real-time pressures as a quantitative endpoint for embolization. Results from an anti-reflux infusion system are compared to those of an end-hole catheter. Materials and Methods A benchtop model of the hepatic anatomy was constructed from 3D CT imaging. This model included left and right hepatic arteries and 16 distal target vessels (1mm ID). To simulate hepatic flow, the model was perfused with distilled water at a constant pressure of 120 mmHg and an initial flow rate of 400 mL/min. Real-time pressures were acquired at 100 Hz from multiple arterial locations: Proper Hepatic (PH), Right Hepatic (RH), Left Hepatic (LH), and three distal RH and LH branches. Embolization was modeled and controlled by occluding distal vessels with pinch valves. Degree of Embolization (DE) was used to quantify the amount of flow occluded by the pinch valves; at baseline DE was 0% and at full stasis DE was 100%. Recovery of Pressure (RP) was defined to be the normalized pressure difference from baseline (or DE=0) to the pressure at a specific DE. Least squares regression and paired t-tests were used to quantify dependence of RP on PE. Results After deployment of the anti-reflux catheter, average tip pressure decreased by 38.4 +/- 8.2 mmHg, which was significantly more than the pressure drop of an end-hole catheter (0.5 +/- 0.4 mmHg, p=.00004). For the anti-reflux catheter, RP correlated with DE, such that at complete embolization RP was 100%. Least squares regression quantified this relationship for locations in the PH (R2=0.9956), LH (R2=0.9996) and RH (R2=0.9998). End-hole catheter data was also fit for the PH (R2=0.9307) and the RH (R2=0.9572), but RP did not equal 100% when DE was 100%. Conclusion Standard end-hole catheters cannot accurately quantify degree of embolization. However, after deployment of an anti-reflux catheter, recovery of pressure gradients from baseline can be used to accurately quantify degree of embolization.
Validation of a human vision model for image quality evaluation of fast interventional magnetic resonance imaging

Perceptual difference models (PDMs) have become popular for evaluating the perceived degradation of an image by a process such as compression. We used a PDM to evaluate interventional magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) methods that rapidly acquire an image at the expense of some anticipated image degradation compared to a conventional slower diagnostic technique. In particular, we examined MR keyhole techniques whereby only a portion of the spatial frequency domain, or k-space, was acquired, thereby reducing the time for the creation of image updates. We used a PDM based on the architecture of another visual differencemodel and validated it for noise and blur, degrading processes present in fast iMRI. The PDM showed superior correlation with human observer ratings of noise and blur compared to the mean squared error (MSE). In an example application, we simulated four keyhole techniques and compared them to a slower, full k-space diagnostic acquisition. For keyhole images, the MSE gave erratic results compared to the ratings by interventional radiologists. The PDM performed much better and gave an Az value >0.9 in a receiver operating characteristic analysis. Keyhole simulations showed that a single, central stripe acquisition, which sampled 25% of k-space, provided stable image quality within a clinically acceptable range, unlike three other keyhole schemes described in the literature. Our early experience shows the PDM to be an objective, promising tool for the evaluation of fast iMRI methods. It allows one to quantitatively make engineering decisions in the design of iMRI pulse sequences.
Energy‐dependent polarity correction factors for four commercial ionization chambers used in electron dosimetry

The polarity effects of four commercially available ionization chambers were characterized and correction factors as a function of mean energy at depth were tabulated. These included a Farmer-type chamber, two parallel plate chambers, and one cylindrical chamber used in a scanning water phantom dosimetry system. Polarity effects were measured at representative depths along the depth dose curves of 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 Me V electron beams. The term "polarity error" is introduced and is defined as the error which is introduced if polarity effects are ignored. Polarity errors for the four ionization chambers studied were shown to monotonically decrease with increasing mean energy at depth and were largely independent of the energy of the incident electron beam. Only at very low energies, that is, very near the end of the practical range, did the correction factors for beams of different incident energy diverge. Three of the four chambers studied had correction factors which were independent of field size, to within +/- 1/2%. One chamber showed an increase in correction factor with increasing field size which was shown to be mainly due to stem and cable irradiation.
Second Harmonic Generation at Chemically Modified Si(111) Surfaces

Si(111) surfaces with covalently attached monolayers have been investigated by optical second harmonic generation (SHG). The surfaces are modified by wet chemical procedures and studied by SHG in a...
Who's Really Converging Anyway: A Survey of Broadcast and Print Journalism Student and Faculty Attitudes on Cross-Platform Journalism Education

This study uses self categorization theory to explore whether convergence is perceived as more pertinent to print than broadcast education. The findings suggest that print-focused students and faculty embrace the web more than broadcast students and faculty. The research also suggests that print-oriented students and faculty adopt a more converged attitude and value convergence skills more than their broadcast counterparts. Participants identifying as broadcasters appear to adopt an attitude of superiority regarding their own medium and are less inclined toward convergence in general. This study also shows that broadcast education is not reflecting the profession's emphasis on integration.
Channel-consistency following unilateral stroke: an examination of patient communications across verbal and nonverbal domains

One way in which the dyadic communicative process can go awry is for one or both parties to send channel-inconsistent communications - communications in which the verbal and nonverbal elements are not matched in emotional valence (e.g., uttering positive words with a frown). We hypothesized that unilateral stroke patients would be likely to send such messages. Given the verbal impairments typically associated with left hemisphere damage (LHD), e.g., agrammatism, and the nonverbal impairments typically associated with right hemisphere damage (RHD), we expected LHD and RHD patients to send messages in which the impaired channel was perceived as inconsistent with the unimpaired channel. Ten LHD, 11 RHD and six normal control patients were videotaped while engaging in social interaction. Observers made judgments about the valence of the patients' (1) words (based on transcripts of the interactions), and (2) facial expressions (based on soundless videos of the interactions). Analysis of word-face difference scores revealed a significant linear trend, with messages of LHD patients judged more positive in facial expression than in verbal content, messages of RHD patients judged more positive in verbal content than in facial expression, and messages of control patients judged channel-consistent (similar in valence across facial and verbal channels).
FACTORS CONTROLLING CALCIFICATION IN VITRO: FLUORIDE AND MAGNESIUM.

Abstract Fluoride has been reported to cause both inhibition and enhancement of calcification in vitro . However, those experiments all employed nonphysiological concentrations of at least one of the important ions, and in addition differed too much in experimental design to make it possible to evaluate the variables properly. In this study it was possible to obtain crystal formation with physiological concentrations of calcium, phosphate, fluoride, and magnesium at pH 7.4 and 37 °C by means of nucleators and to note both enhancement and inhibition of crystal formation so that the important variables could be identified. The product of the calcium and phosphate concentrations was the single most important variable; with products just below those found in adult humans there was enhancement by fluoride while with higher products there was inhibition. Contrary to previous reports, magnesium was not required in order to show inhibition. It was also shown for the first time that the concentrations of fluoride normally found in serum can enhance calcification in the presence of physiological concentrations of magnesium if the product of the calcium and phosphate concentrations is lower than normal. These findings suggest that normal serum concentrations of fluoride can act as a governor on the rate of calcification with fluctuations in the serum phosphate concentration, enhancing when the phosphate is low and inhibiting when it is high. Higher fluoride concentrations show more enhancement and less inhibition.
Relative Axial Ligand Orientation in Bis(imidazole)iron(II) Porphyrinates: Are “Picket Fence” Derivatives Different?

The synthesis of three new bis(imidazole)-ligated iron(II) picket fence porphyrin derivatives, [Fe(TpivPP)(1-RIm)2] 1-RIm = 1-methyl-, 1-ethyl-, or 1-vinylimidazole) are reported. X-ray structure determinations reveal that the steric requirements of the four α,α,α,α-o-pivalamidophenyl groups lead to very restricted rotation of the imidazole ligand on the picket side of the porphyrin plane; the crowding leads to an imidazole plane orientation eclipsing an iron−porphyrin nitrogen bond. An unusual feature for these diamagnetic iron(II) species is that all three derivatives have the two axial ligands with a relative perpendicular orientation; the dihedral angles between the two imidazole planes are 77.2°, 62.4°, and 78.5°. All three derivatives have nearly planar porphyrin cores. Mossbauer spectroscopic characterization shows that all three derivatives have quadrupole splitting constants around 1.00 mm/s at 100K.
Substance P stimulates bone marrow stromal cell osteogenic activity, osteoclast differentiation, and resorption activity in vitro

Introduction SP is a neuropeptide distributed in the sensory nerve fibers that innervate the medullar tissues of bone, as well as the periosteum. Previously we demonstrated that inhibition of neuropeptide signaling after capsaicin treatment resulted in a loss of bone mass and we hypothesized that SP contributes to bone integrity by stimulating osteogenesis.
Use of Well Logs To Characterize Fluid Flow in the Maljamar CO Pilot

The Maljamar CO/sub 2/ pilot in Lea County, NM is a 5-acre (2 x 10/sup 4/ -m/sup 2/) inverted five-spot pattern. Two zones are being flooded: a Grayburg dolomitic sand at 3,7000 ft (1130 m) and a San Andres dolomite at 4,050 ft (1230 m). Two logging observation wells, completed with fiberglass casing through the section of interest, are located in line with the center injector and one of the corner producers. Nine months of freshwater injection in the center well was followed by 9 months of brine injection. A series of induction logs monitored the passing of the freshwater/brine interface, providing data for a preliminary characterization of flow in the zones. The brine also established a uniform salinity at the observation wells for saturation determination. Gamma-emitting tracers were injected into each zone of the center well as part of a well-to-well tracer study. Frequent gamma ray logs were run in the observation wells to see whether the movement of the tracers could be detected and used to characterize water movement. The results were very encouraging and provided better vertical and time resolution than the induction logs. The numerous responding layers in each zone could be classified by tracer arrivalmore » times into only few basic types, injection of CO/sub 2/ and follow changes in water and CO/sub 2/ saturation as the flood progressed.« less
Effects of chromatic adaptation on opponent interactions in monkey increment-threshold spectral-sensitivity functions

The effects of chromatic adaptation on the opponent interactions of cone mechanisms were investigated by using increment-threshold spectral-sensitivity (ITSS) functions and threshold-versus-radiance (TVR) curves in rhesus monkey subjects. The TVR curves showed shape- and field-sensitivity invariance for both 580-and 500-nm adapting backgrounds and indicated that three cone mechanisms were mediating detection over moderate adapting-field intensity levels. Differential adaptation between the long-wavelength-sensitive (L) and the middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) opponent (L − M) and nonopponent (L + M) channels and the short-wavelength-sensitive (S) channel caused changes in the shape of the ITSS function as the adapting-field intensity was increased without changes in the level of cone interaction. Chromatic adaptation also resulted in significant changes in the shape of the ITSS functions, but it still exhibited characteristic L–M opponent interactions. Converting ITSS data to cone-contrast coordinates for R–G adapting fields indicated that the relative contribution of the L and M cones at the second site was approximately equal (detection contour slope ≈1). Consequently, most of the changes in the shape of ITSS functions under chromatic adaptation are explained by the von Kries adaptation principle. ITSS functions on a green background also exhibited opponent interactions between S cones and longer-wavelength cones. The cone-contrast coordinates, when expressed for S cones, showed that the inhibitory interactions occur because the S-cone signal subtracts from both M and L cones.
ROCK-II mediates colon cancer invasion via regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-13 at the site of invadopodia as revealed by multiphoton imaging

The ROCK-II isoform of Rho's downstream effector, Rho kinase, has been linked with greater invasion and metastasis in solid tumors. We have previously shown that ROCK-II is overexpressed at the advancing edge of colon cancers. The mechanism whereby ROCK-II contributes invasion, particularly in the setting of colon cancer, remains to be elucidated fully. To better understand its contribution, we evaluated ROCK-II expression in both non-malignant (NCM460 and IEC-6) and malignant (Caco-2 E, SW620, and HCT-116) intestinal epithelial cell lines grown in type I collagen scaffolds. Using multiphoton microscopy, we observed that ROCK-II localized to the actin cytoskeleton in non-malignant cells but localized to the cell periphery as focal collections with an absence of adjacent collagen in all colon cancer cell lines. By transmission electron microscopy, these collections corresponded with finger-like projections previously described as invadopodia. Immunogold staining with cortactin, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, -9, and -13 confirmed that these were indeed invadopodia. To further link ROCK-II to colon cancer invasion, we treated non-malignant and malignant intestinal epithelial cell lines with ROCK-II siRNA and evaluated depth of invasion, proliferation, and MMP-2, -9, and -13 activities. The most striking effect was seen in the highly tumorigenic cell lines, SW620 and HCT-116, wherein ROCK-II knockdown resulted in a two-fold or more reduction in invasion. This reduction in invasion was not due to a decrease in cell proliferation, as a significant reduction in proliferation was only observed in the two non-malignant intestinal cell lines. Finally, both MMP-2 and -13 activities were significantly decreased in all colon cancer cell lines. Taken together, these data suggest for the first time that ROCK-II is a critical mediator of colon cancer cell invasion through its modulation of MMP-2 and -13 at the site of invadopodia but regulates proliferation in non-malignant intestinal cells.
Review of Some Interesting Surface Plasmon Resonance-enhanced Properties of Noble Metal Nanoparticles and Their Applications to Biosystems

Noble metal, especially gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles exhibit unique and tunable optical properties on account of their surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this review, we discuss the SPR-enhanced optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles, with an emphasis on the recent advances in the utility of these plasmonic properties in molecular-specific imaging and sensing, photo-diagnostics, and selective photothermal therapy. The strongly enhanced SPR scattering from Au nanoparticles makes them useful as bright optical tags for molecular-specific biological imaging and detection using simple dark-field optical microscopy. On the other hand, the SPR absorption of the nanoparticles has allowed their use in the selective laser photothermal therapy of cancer. We also discuss the sensitivity of the nanoparticle SPR frequency to the local medium dielectric constant, which has been successfully exploited for the optical sensing of chemical and biological analytes. Plasmon coupling between metal nanoparticle pairs is also discussed, which forms the basis for nanoparticle assembly-based biodiagnostics and the plasmon ruler for dynamic measurement of nanoscale distances in biological systems.
Coarse-Grained Model for Colloidal Protein Interactions, B22, and Protein Cluster Formation

Reversible protein cluster formation is an important initial step in the processes of native and non-native protein aggregation, but involves relatively long time and length scales for detailed atomistic simulations and extensive mapping of free energy landscapes. A coarse-grained (CG) model is presented to semiquantitatively characterize the thermodynamics and key configurations involved in the landscape for protein oligomerization, as well as experimental measures of interactions such as the osmotic second virial coefficient (B22). Based on earlier work (Gruenberger et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 763), this CG model treats proteins as rigid bodies composed of one bead per amino acid, with each amino acid having specific parameters for its size, hydrophobicity, and charge. The net interactions are a combination of steric repulsions, short-range attractions, and screened long-range charge–charge interactions. Model parametrization was done by fitting simulation results against experimental value of B...
Birth of a new society: American Head and Neck Society challenges for the future.

It has been a distinct honor and privilege for me to serve as a copresident of the new American Head and Neck Society. This has been a highlight of my academic career, and I would like to thank my wife and family for their support. I have been closely associated with the Society of Head and Neck Surgeons (SHNS) since 1982 and have had the honor of serving in various capacities, including as secretary, for 4 years. If you do not like somebody-make him secretary! However, serving the society gave me an opportunity to develop friendships with many head and neck surgeons around the world.
A system for viewing holograms

Abstract A holographic virtual image reconstruction machine was built for the replay of holograms taken in the Fermilab 15 ft Bubble Chamber. We discuss the major components of the holographic replay machine and the relevant construction details. Replay wavelengths different from the original recording wavelength are possible and corrected for in the system described. The resolution of the system is improved by using a liquid film gate. The usefulness of the system is enhanced by the flexibility of using a fiber optic reconstruction reference beam. A procedure for locating 15 ft Bubble Chamber events on the hologram is outlined.
Characterization of the swine adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor using an optimized assay system.

Abstract The radioligand binding assay of A 1 adenosine receptors in adipocyte crude plasma membrane from Yucatan miniature swine was optimized by evaluating 17 factors involved in the assay. Significant effects of CHAPS, adenosine deaminase, EDTA, pre-rinsing glass fiber filters and pH were found for the binding measurements. Using the optimized procedure, [ 3 H]8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, ([ 3 H]-DPCPX) binding to A 1 adenosine receptors in swine subcutaneous adipocyte crude plasma membrane was measured; B max and K d values were 479 ± 77 fmol/mg protein and 0.87 ± 0.10 nM, respectively. Values for mesenteric adipose tissue from sedentary swine and subcutaneous adipose tissue from exercise-trained swine were also measured.
Mobile Auxiliary Dental Unit for Hospitals

smallpox vaccine in increasing doses. After the patient has been vaccinated and time has been allowed for the reac­ tion to subside, then one-half capillary tube o f vaccine is dissolved in 0.1 cc. of normal saline and injected intradermally. The quantity is increased to one tube the second week, with an increase of one tube for each succeeding week until six injections have been given. Fisher10 has recommended the use of snake venom to prevent recurrence. Aureomycin also has been used. Aureo­ mycin does not provide immunity, but, while the drug is being administered, it is somewhat effective. Those cases re­ sulting from an allergy can be treated successfully by antihistamine drugs. Recurrent herpetic stomatitis must be differentiated from periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens which is characterized by a painful ulcer having a membranous base. This ulcer is frequently larger and deeper than the average aphthous ulcer. Healing is prolonged so that it may take three to five weeks to heal and a residual scar develops. The mouth is extensively scarred in protracted cases.
Immune cells may fend off Alzheimer disease

Chemokines in the brain recruit immune cells from the blood or from within the brain. Disrupting this line of communication exacerbates disease in mouse models of Alzheimer disease (pages 432–438).
Vital staining of Histoplasma capsulatum with Janus Green B.

Aqueous solutions of 0·01% Janus Green B when applied at 25°C. in any of several methods to cells of Histoplasma capsulatum in the yeast phase provide a rapid and accurate method of differentiating...
Computers in precollege education (Panel Discussion): What are colleges of education doing?

Instructional use of computers is now common at many secondary schools and in elementary schools. The computer is recognized as a new and important educational medium, as a source of change in existing curriculum, as a new curriculum area. Thus there is growing awareness that pre-service elementary and secondary school teachers need some computer education. What are colleges of education doing to meet this challenge? A panel of faculty from several colleges of education will present their views and insights. They will point out successes, both at their own schools and on a national scale. They will also point out what still remains to be done. There will be time for input from the audience.
Direct homogeneous nucleation of NO2, H2O, and NH3 for the production of ammonium nitrate particles and HONO gas

The homogeneous nucleation of three gases, NO2, H2O, and NH3, to form NH4NO3 aerosols and HONO gas is proposed to be a new significant source of atmospheric HONO. Four reaction pathways are examined by density functional theory calculations of various complexes of reactants and products involved. NH3 is shown to play a critical role in lowering the Gibbs free energy barrier and stabilizing the HNO3 product by forming particulate ammonium nitrate. In conclusion, the system of gaseous NO2, H2O, and NH3 is expected to undergo a spontaneous homogeneous nucleation process, which is likely an important source of nighttime atmospheric HONO concentrations.
Scaling of the recurrence time in the cubic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice

Abstract We re-examine the first recurrence time of the cubic FPU lattice as a function of the amplitude of the initial condition and the number of masses in the lattice. The parameter dependence of the recurrence time shows some novel features that are not explained by previous theoretical work.
Variant selection during α precipitation in Ti–6Al–4V under the influence of local stress – A simulation study

Abstract Variant selection of α (hexagonal close-packed, hcp) phase during its precipitation from β (body-centered cubic, bcc) matrix plays a key role in determining the microstructural state and mechanical properties of α/β titanium alloys. In this work, we develop a three-dimensional quantitative phase field model to predict variant selection and microstructural evolution during β → α transformation in Ti–6Al–4V (wt.%) under the influence of both external and internal stresses. The model links its inputs directly to thermodynamic and mobility databases, and incorporates the crystallography of bcc to hcp transformation, elastic anisotropy and defects within semi-coherent α/β interfaces in its total free energy formulation. It is found that, for a given undercooling, the development of a transformation texture (also called microtexture) of the α phase due to variant selection during precipitation is determined by the interplay between externally applied stress or strain and internal stress generated by the precipitation reaction itself. For example, the growth of pre-existing α precipitates is accompanied by selective nucleation and growth of secondary α plates of certain variants that may not be the ones preferred by the initially applied stress. Possible measures to reduce transformation texture are discussed.
Direct simulation of diatomic gases using the generalized hard sphere model

The generalized hard sphere model that incorporates the effects of attraction and repulsion is examined. First, the model is used to study simple adiabatic heat baths. Then, it is used to predict flow measurements in tests involving extremely low freestream temperatures. For the two cases considered, a Mach 26 nitrogen shock and a Mach 20 nitrogen flow over a flat plate, only rotational excitation is deemed important, and appropriate modifications for the Borgnakke-Larsen procedure are developed. In general, for the cases considered, the present model showed a modest improvement over the variable hard sphere model.
Subresolution assist feature implementation for high-performance logic gate-level lithography

This paper investigates the implementation of sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) in high performance logic designs for the poly-gate conductor level. We will discuss the concepts used for SRAF rule generation, SRAF data preparation and what we term "binary" optical proximity correction (OPC) to prevent catastrophic line-width problems. Lithographic process window (PW) data obtained with SRAFs will be compared to PW data obtained without SRAF. SRAM cells are shown printed with annular illumination and SRAFs, for both the 130 nm and 100 nm logic nodes as defined by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). This study includes a comparison of the experimental results of SRAMs printed from designs corrected with rule-based OPC to those printed from designs corrected with model-based OPC.
Matching styles: A historical look

(1984). Matching styles: A historical look. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 23, Matching Teaching and Learning Styles, pp. 3-9.