cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Model to Reality: The Role of Implementation Readiness

Arnold and Gagnon’s timely work on the 4-H Thriving Model is an excellent example of the application of developmental science in youth development practice. In their article, the authors describe how 4-H, an established youth development organization, updated the theory of change. Designing an actionable theory of change based on science is indeed a commendable effort for any youth-serving organization. However, the work does not stop there. The diverse 4-H system now has the ultimate challenge of adopting and implementing the principles presented in their theory of change. In this commentary, I discuss the often-overlooked components of implementation readiness: motivation, general capacity, and content-specific knowledge (R=MC 2 ) in relation to the 4-H Thriving Model. When staff are ready, they can succeed in aligning resources and coordinate professional learning for the adults, or implementers, to know and understand the theory of change and associated practices. Fostering learning and development to enact science-informed strategies, as Arnold and Gagnon have done in the 4-H Thriving Model, is critical to developing sound models of youth programming. However, to implement a model into practice, the real and human factors of implementation readiness are key to success.
Sequential Beamforming for Multiuser MIMO With Full-Duplex Training

Multiple transmitting antennas can considerably increase the downlink spectral efficiency by beamforming to multiple users at the same time. However, multiuser beamforming requires channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, which leads to training overhead and reduces overall achievable spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose and analyze a sequential beamforming strategy that utilizes full-duplex base station to implement downlink data transmission concurrently with CSI acquisition via in-band closed or open loop training. Our results demonstrate that full-duplex capability can improve the spectral efficiency of uni-directional traffic, by leveraging it to reduce the control overhead of CSI estimation. In moderate SNR regimes, we analytically derive tight approximations for the optimal training duration and characterize the associated respective spectral efficiency. We further characterize the enhanced multiplexing gain performance in the high SNR regime. In both regimes, the performance of the proposed full-duplex strategy is compared with the half-duplex counterpart to quantify spectral efficiency improvement. With experimental data and 3-D channel model from 3GPP, in a 1.4 MHz $8\times 8$ system LTE system with the block length of 500 symbols, the proposed strategy attains a spectral efficiency improvement of 130% and 8% with closed and open loop training, respectively.
Addressing Healthcare Needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Patients: What Influences Trainee Preparedness?

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals are a minority population with unique healthcare needs and challenges. Lack of focused education of medical providers in the healthcare needs of this vulnerable population creates a significant barrier to care and exacerbates health disparities faced by this population. Objective: To identify factors affecting self-perceived preparedness and comfort of medical trainees to address healthcare needs of LGB and transgender individuals at a large urban tertiary-care teaching hospital. Methods: An anonymous survey was emailed to 365 residents and fellows across all specialties at Albert …
Taenia-tela choroidea complex and choroid plexus location help distinguish Dandy-Walker malformation and Blake pouch cysts

Dandy-Walker malformation and Blake pouch cysts can have overlapping imaging features. The choroid plexus and associated taenia–tela choroidea complex are displaced inferolaterally in Dandy-Walker malformation and below the vermis in Blake pouch cysts. To determine the normal fetal and postnatal MR appearance of the choroid plexus and taenia–tela choroidea complex, and whether their location can help distinguish Dandy-Walker malformation from Blake pouch cysts. In this retrospective study, we evaluated brain MR exams from normal-appearing fetuses (gestational age 19–38 weeks) and infants, fetal and postnatal exams in Blake pouch cysts and Dandy-Walker malformation, and ambiguous cases equivocal for mild Dandy-Walker malformation and Blake pouch cysts. We documented choroid plexus and the taenia–tela choroidea complex location and axial and sagittal angles in each case. Then we contrasted and compared the original and updated fetal diagnoses based on taenia–tela choroidea complex and choroid plexus positions. The choroid plexus location and the taenia–tela choroidea complex location and angles varied significantly among normal exams, Blake pouch cyst exams and Dandy-Walker malformation exams (P<0.01). Dandy-Walker malformation showed inferolateral displacement of the taenia–tela choroidea complex and choroid plexus distant from the vermis. Adding the taenia–tela choroidea complex and choroid plexus into the assessment improved diagnostic accuracy, especially in ambiguous cases. The location of the taenia–tela choroidea complex and choroid plexus provided additional diagnostic neuroimaging clues that could be used in conjunction with other conventional findings to distinguish Dandy-Walker malformation and Blake pouch cysts. Normal, Blake pouch cyst, and Dandy-Walker malformation cases differed with regard to taenia–tela choroidea complex and choroid plexus position. Inferolateral taenia–tela choroidea complex displacement distant from the vermian margin was characteristic of Dandy-Walker malformation.
Association of plasma ceramides with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle and older aged adults.

Abstract Aims The role of ceramides in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is incompletely characterized. Given that ceramides represent therapeutic targets to disrupt the euglycemia-T2DM transition, we aimed to characterize their association with prevalent and incident T2DM in a novel cohort. Methods We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of baseline ceramides with prevalent and incident T2DM among 1423 adults (47% women; median (range) baseline age 72 (51–95) years) in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging cohort. We examined the associations of ceramides with prevalent T2DM (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) at baseline and incident T2DM (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) during median follow-up of 6.2 years, after adjusting for demographic and metabolic factors. Results Among 1423 adults, there were 222 prevalent and 37 incident cases of T2DM. In cross-sectional analyses, higher levels of ceramide C16:0 were associated with lower odds of prevalent T2DM (aOR 0.84 [0.71–0.99];P = 0.03) whereas C18:0 (aOR 1.27 [1.06–1.42];P = 0.01), C18:0/16:0 (aOR 1.41 [1.22–1.62]; P Conclusions In this prospective population-based cohort, ceramides were associated with prevalent T2DM (C16:0,C18:0, C18:0/C16:0 ratio, C18:0/C24:0 ratio) and incident T2DM (C18:0, C18:0/C16:0 ratio) and could suggest targets for the primary and secondary prevention of T2DM.
A Human-Human Interaction-Driven Framework to Address Societal Issues.

The scientific contribution of this paper is a multilayered Human-Human Interaction driven framework that aims to connect the needs of different sectors of the society to provide a long-term, viable, robust, and implementable solution for addressing multiple societal, economic, and humanitarian issues related to the increasing population of the world. ‘Connecting dots’ here involves issues of three major constituents of the society: the loneliness in the rapidly increasing elderly population, the increasing housing needs of low-income families, and caregiver shortage. The proposed framework would facilitate mutually beneficial, sustainable, equitable, and long-term solutions, based on several factors, to address these global societal challenges. The development of this framework involved integrating the latest advancements from Human-Human Interaction, Big Data, Information Retrieval, and Natural Language Processing. The results presented and discussed uphold the significance, relevance, and potential of this framework for addressing these above-mentioned societal issues associated with the increasing global population.
Tying and Consumer Harm

Brantley raises important issues of law, economics, and policy about tying arrangements. Under current legal principles, Brantley was on solid ground in distinguishing between anticompetitive ties and those that might harm consumer interests without impairing competition. As a matter of economics, the court was also right to reject the claim that the cable programmers forced consumers to pay for programs the customers didn’t want. The hardest question is a policy one - whether antitrust law should ever condemn the exploitation of market power in ways that extract surplus from consumers but do not create or enlarge market power. I shall argue that Brantley got this last question right as well.
Body and Consumer Culture

In recent decades, social scientists have placed much importance on understanding the body, particularly as a site whereby the individual connects to and interacts with the social world around them. Much of this theorizing on the body takes into account one of two distinct approaches, the first of which is the notion that “we have a body,” implying that the body is a separate entity from the true inner self. The second approach involves a more complex understanding of how the body is lived in or the experience of embodiment whereby the body is an integrated aspect of the true inner self (i.e., “we are a body.” Contemporary reflections on these seemingly divergent understandings of the body suggest that the possibility of an integrated approach is possible and called for in further theorizing on the body within the context of consumer culture. Keywords: body; consumption; identity
Theoretical Predictions of the Infrared and Microwave Spectra of Small Molecules

The identification of molecules in astrophysical sources depends on their spectra having been obtained in the laboratory, but laboratory spectra are not always available. For ions and free radicals this is because of their reactivity, which makes it difficult to produce them in concentrations large enough for easy laboratory detection. The successful search for such spectra in the laboratory is greatly assisted by theoretical predictions. In this talk the accuracy and utility of such predictions of microwave and infrared spectra will be discussed with emphasis on quasilinear molecules, such as CH2and C3, and quasiplanar molecules, such as H3O+and SiH3.
The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa

The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa. Marijke van der Veen. ed. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999. 283 pp.
Patient characteristics associated with oral anticoagulation control: results of the Veterans AffaiRs Study to Improve Anticoagulation (VARIA)

Summary. Background: In patients receiving oral anticoagulation, improved control can reduce adverse outcomes such as stroke and major hemorrhage. However, little is known about patient-level predictors of anticoagulation control. Objectives: To identify patient-level predictors of oral anticoagulation control in the outpatient setting. Patients/Methods: We studied 124 619 patients who received oral anticoagulation from the Veterans Health Administration from October 2006 to September 2008. The outcome was anticoagulation control, summarized using percentage of time in therapeutic International Normalized Ratio range (TTR). Data were divided into inception (first 6 months of therapy; 39 447 patients) and experienced (any time thereafter; 104 505 patients). Patient-level predictors of TTR were examined by multivariable regression. Results: Mean TTRs were 48% for inception management and 61% for experienced management. During inception, important predictors of TTR included hospitalizations (the expected TTR was 7.3% lower for those with two or more hospitalizations than for the non-hospitalized), receipt of more medications (16 or more medications predicted a 4.3% lower than for patients with 0–7 medications), alcohol abuse (− 4.6%), cancer (− 3.1%), and bipolar disorder (− 2.9%). During the experienced period, important predictors of TTR included hospitalizations (four or more hospitalizations predicted 9.4% lower TTR), more medications (16 or more medications predicted 5.1% lower TTR), alcohol abuse (− 5.4%), female sex (− 2.9%), cancer (− 2.7%), dementia (− 2.6%), non-alcohol substance abuse (− 2.4%), and chronic liver disease (− 2.3%). Conclusions: Some patients receiving oral anticoagulation therapy are more challenging to maintain within the therapeutic range than others. Our findings can be used to identify patients who require closer attention or innovative management strategies to maximize benefit and minimize harm from oral anticoagulation therapy.
Tomboyism and Familial Belonging in Carson McCullers's The Member of the Wedding: Queer Sentiments

This article brings queer-theoretical scholarship on the Southern Gothic into dialogue with the history of childhood and sentimental studies. Published in 1946, Carson McCullers’s The Member of the Wedding introduces readers to Frankie Addams, an awkward, unruly adolescent protagonist who resists the rigid gender and sexual norms of early twentieth-century Southern United States. While McCullers’s writing is often characterized as “Gothic” and “unsentimental,” this paper argues that her tomboy narrative invokes and revises the sentimental Bildungsroman of the mid-nineteenth century. Specifically, McCullers draws upon sentimental tropes of non-traditional families as she reimagines Frankie’s “family.” Like many sentimental child protagonists, Frankie endures the early fracturing of her nuclear family due to the death of her mother but forges a surrogate family with her African American housekeeper, Berenice Sadie Brown, and her cousin, John Henry West. Through her juxtaposition of queer children and non-normative families, McCullers critiques heteronormative institutions and rituals, meditates upon issues of membership in the body politic, and demonstrates how sentimentalism crystallizes persistently around the intersections of race, girlhood, and the family.
Startle modulation during emotional anticipation and perception

The startle reflex is potentiated when anticipating emotional, compared to neutral, pictures. This study investigated the time course of reflex modulation during anticipation and the impact of informative cuing on picture perception. Colors were used to signal the thematic content of emotional and neutral scenes; blink response modulation was measured by presenting acoustic startle probes 3, 2, or 1 s before picture onset or 2 s after picture onset. During anticipation of neutral scenes, blink magnitude showed increasing attenuation as picture onset approached, consistent with a modality-directed vigilance account. Conversely, when anticipating emotional scenes, reflex magnitude did not change over time, and blinks elicited closest to picture onset were potentiated compared to neutral. During perception, the expected reflex potentiation for unpleasant pictures was not found, suggesting that cuing may dampen defensive activation.
STADIUM CKT statistical simulation system

STADIUM is a software technology which drives simulators in a statistical mode and extracts statistical results from the simulation output. It allows a novice in statistics to apply design of experiments (DoE) and other statistical analysis techniques to computer simulation. Several versions of STADIUM currently exist, with each one tuned to a specific application. STADIUM CKT is a software system which drives Microsim's PSpice circuit simulator in a statistical mode using DoE and extracts statistical circuit results from the PSpice output. It requires a PC environment with Windows to realize statistical models for integrated circuits and components. The STADIUM technology has been developed at the Florida Institute of Technology with funding from SRC and SEMATECH. The university has licensed STADIUM to a start-up company named AET, Inc. The mission of AET is to commercialize STADIUM for various applications. AET is turning STADIUM CKT into a product for the PSpice circuit design application.
Antigenic differences among sublines of the KB cell line.

Summary Thus, there appears to be a correlation between the presence of HeLa(G) antigen and the heterotransplantability of these KB sublines to the cheek pouch; which is further emphasized by the absence of HeLa(G) antigen in the non-heterotransplantable sublines. The possible relationship of the HeLa(G) antigen to the cytochemical characteristics exhibited by populations of these KB sublines will be considered elsewhere.
Posterior Left Ventricular Preexcitation: Report of a Case

A patient undergoing double aortocoronary bypass grafting had Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome without troublesome arrythmia preoperatively. Electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic, and electrophysiological studies defined the functional properties of the anomalous bypass tract and suggested a posterior left ventricular insertion. Epicardial mapping identified early activation of the posterobasal portion of the left ventricle just to the left of the interventricular sulcus, beginning simultaneously with the onset of the delta wave.
Research interests and funding of members of the American Pediatric Surgical Association: report from 2010 American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Clinical Trials Committee

Abstract Objective There is lack of data relating to the research interests and funding of pediatric surgeons within the United States and Canada. These data may be helpful in promoting basic and clinical research among pediatric surgeons. Methods The American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) Outcomes and Clinical Trials Committee developed and administered an online survey via e-mail to the APSA membership to help characterize research activities and funding. The survey was available for completion during December of 2009. The survey contained 10 items with a drop-down menu for multiple choice answers and required 5 to 10 minutes to complete. Results based on research interests as well as funding sources were compiled and analyzed. Results A total of 275 members, which comprises 27.4% of the APSA membership, completed the survey. Of the respondents, 177 (64%) described being in an academic practice, 44 (16%) in an academically associated private practice, 9 (3.3%) in a private solo practice, 17 (6.2%) in private group practice, and 3 (1%) in the military. A total of 189 (68.7%) respondents stated that they participated in formal research. Respondents also categorized their research interests, and the following were the most common subjects of study (decreasing order of frequency): appendicitis, trauma and critical care, outcomes, minimally invasive surgery, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Of those participating in research, 64.5% stated that they have no formal financial support. Of those supported through the National Institutes of Health, funding grants achieved were as follows: R01 (n = 29), K08 (n = 9), K23 (n = 2), and U01 (n = 8). Conclusions Research activities are common among APSA members and encompass a wide range of pediatric surgery topics. Strikingly, the overall financial support of these efforts is limited, predominantly supported by the surgeons themselves. Funded respondents attained grants through Public Health Service grants, departmental grants, or private institutions.
Aggregation and analysis of volatile organic compound emissions for regional modeling

Abstract A general two-step procedure for aggregating the hundreds of reported volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into a much smaller set of lumped classes appropriate for regional airshed modeling is described. In the first step, the compounds are condensed into a manageable number of emission categories which could be adapted to a variety of molecularly-based lumped chemical mechanisms. In the second step, the emissions are further aggregated into a smaller set of VOC classes which directly correspond to those in a particular model's mechanism. The application of this procedure is illustrated by aggregating the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) anthropogenic VOC emissions inventory the U.S. first into the 32-class system, and then into the groups of model species used in the latest version of the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM2.0). The importance of different VOC categories and source types on regional pollution production is explored by comparing the contributions of each of the emissions groupings, RADM model species, and major emissions sources, to total moles carbon VOC reacted in model simulations. For this particular anthropogenic inventory and chemical mechanism, it is found that over 50% of the moles carbon reacted is associated with mobile sources. Such analysis can help indicate which uncertainties in anthropogenic emissions inventories may have the greatest impact on results of regional simulations.
Virtual Prototyping of Scherk-Collins Saddle Rings

The author discusses a computer program that he developed to visualize different configurations of saddle ring surfaces with different numbers of holes and different amounts of twist. Users can experiment with different parameter values at interactive speeds. Such virtual prototyping can save weeks of labor needed to build physical prototypes and may result in new and more optimized configurations that one would not be likely to find if all prototypes had to be built manually from physical matter. The author’s program design was inspired by some of sculptor Brent Collins’s recent works (described in the companion article, “Evolving an Aesthetic of Surface Economy in Sculpture”), which can be understood geometrically as rings of saddle surfaces resulting from a toroidal warping of a truncated Scherk minimal surface.
Redefining the Target Again: Chemotherapeutics as Vascular Disrupting Agents?

In this issue of Cancer Cell , Shaked et al. (2008) provide novel mechanistic evidence that some chemotherapeutics induce circulating endothelial progenitor (CEP) mobilization with subsequent homing to tumor vasculature. Addition of an anti-VEGFR2 antibody increased antitumor activity only in combination with CEP-mobilizing chemotherapeutics. Here we discuss the implications of this work.
Mechanism of yield strength anomaly of Alloy 617

Abstract Anomalous increase in tensile yield strength (YS) of Alloy 617 at 800 and 900 °C has been investigated using different analytical tools. The enhanced YS has been attributed to the formation and accumulation of Cr 23 C 6 and Mo 23 C 6 precipitates, and development of pinned dislocations, dislocation pile-ups, and subgrains in the vicinity of the grain boundaries.
Homeotic genes and diversification of the insect body plan

The homeotic genes regulate segmental identity by repressing the formation of or influencing the morphology of segmental structures during development. The specific roles these genes have played in the generation of insect diversity are discussed relative to abdominal limb formation and to the evolution of wings as novel repeated structures. Other recent findings discussed suggest possible 'homeotic' origins for the non-homeotic genes found within the homeotic complexes of higher insects.
Investigation of Aircraft Gas Turbine Combustor Having Low Mass Emissions

Abstract : The objective of this one-year program was to develop and demonstrate emission abatement technology sufficient to obtain a 50% overall reduction in gas turbine engine mass emissions (CO, CxHy, NOx and smoke) with no increase in any individual pollutant when tested over a typical Army light observation helicopter (LOH) duty cycle. The selected baseline was the Army T63-A-5A gas turbine engine combustor. Seventeen potential low-emission combustors, each incorporating one or more of the selected concepts, were tested to determine their emission performance. Experimental results indicated that several designs had the potential for meeting the program objectives. Two combustors selected for final experimental evaluation were the 'Prechamber' and 'Modified Conventional.' The low-emission feature in the 'Prechamber' combustor was premix/prevaporization. The 'Modified Conventional' combustor incorporated four low-emission features: airblast fuel atomization, delayed dilution, convection cooling, and variable geometry. Both of these combustors met the emission reduction objectives. Experimental results indicated that both of these liners can be developed to meet all other conventional T63 combustor requirements, i.e. , light-off, temperature profile, durability, etc. The estimated development time for the 'Prechamber' is longer than for the 'Modified Conventional.' However, the 'Prechamber' combustor has better emission reduction potential when both combustors are designed as either fixed or variable geometry combustors.
Taxon-specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of two ancient endomycorrhizal fungi, Glomus occultum and Glomus brasilianum.

A unique oligonucleotide pair, GOCC56:GOCC427, was designed that correctly primed specific amplification of a ∼370-bp sequence spanning the ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions of Glomus occultum and Glomus brasilianum. In addition, this primer pair successfully detected G. occultum and G. brasilianum DNA in nested PCR using a primary PCR product amplified from highly diluted extracts of colonized corn (Zea mays) roots using modified ITS1:ITS4 primers. A second primer pair, GBRAS86:GBRAS388, primed specific amplification of a ∼200-bp sequence spanning the ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions present only in G. brasilianum and Glomus strain GR582. Combined use of both primer pairs provides the means to detect and differentiate two ancient endomycorrhizal species, G. occultum and G. brasilianum, undetectable by standard root staining procedures. Sequence analysis showed that the purported G. occultum strain GR582 is likely a strain of G. brasilianum.
Excess molar enthalpies for (propane+ethene) over the temperature range from 273.15 K to 373.15 K and the pressure range from 5 MPa to 15 MPa

Abstract Excess molar enthalpiesHmEfor {xC3H8+(1−x)C2H4} have been measured over the entire composition range except at the extremes inx, at the temperaturesT=(273.15, 198.15, 323.15, 348.15, 363.15, and 373.15) K and the pressuresp=(6, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15) MPa. Measurements were also made atp=5 MPa andT=273.15 K, and atp=(6 and 15) MPa atT=369.82 K. Thus, measurements have been made at a temperature where both components are liquid (T=273.15 K), at four temperatures where one component (C3H8) is a liquid while the other (C2H4) is a supercritical fluidT=(298.15, 232.15, 248.15, and 363.15) K, a temperature (T=369.82 K) at or very near the critical temperature of propane and well above the critical temperature of ethene, and at one temperature where both components are supercritical fluids (T=373.15 K). AtT=273.15 K andp=5 MPa, the minimumHmEis −220 J·mol−1, with the composition corresponding to the minimum skewed towards the ethene-rich mixture. With increasing pressure,HmEbecomes less negative, and the minimum changes to a maximum, whose composition switches towards the propane-rich mixture. The result is an s-shapedHmE(x) curve at intermediate pressures and a positiveHmE(x) curve at thee high pressures. At the higher temperatures, where supercritical fluids are present, the maximum and minimum values ofHmEare much larger, and both temperature and pressure have a large effect onHmE. ThusHmEchanges from a minimum value of approximately −2400 J·mol−1with a positive pressure coefficient (∂HmE/∂p)Tatp=6 MPa andT=298.15 K, to a maximum value of approximately 2900 J·mol−1and a negative (∂HmE/∂p)Tatp=6 MPa andT=298.15 K, to a maximum value of approximately 2900 J·mol−1and a negative (∂HmE/∂p)Tatp=6 MPa andT= 373.15 K.
Alcoholism and Family Interaction: An Experimental Paradigm

The purpose of this paper is to describe the authors' ongoing investigation of alcoholism and family interaction—a large-scale observation study involving intact families assessed under a broad range of conditions. The methodology is characterized by the inclusion of two control groups, laboratory observations involving experimental drinking procedures, and naturalistic home observations focused on dinnertime interactions. Key issues addressed involve the impact of alcoholism on the process and structure of family life, the degree to which varying patterns of family interaction serve to potentiate or inhibit the development of alcoholism in children of alcoholics, and the degree to which observed patterns vary in relation to nature of dysfunction (alcoholism versus depression). The current status and initial outcomes of the project are described in detail.
An analog computer study of differential equations concerned with bacterial cell synthesis.

Abstract A set of seven differential equations has been proposed to describe the synthetic processes of the bacterial cell. The analog computer proved to be a suitable tool for solving the equations and for examining them in detail under a variety of circumstances. Five sets of constants from an array of possible solutions were obtained for both linear and cyclic DNA syntheses. The over-all range of these constants was not great. The solutions to the cellular equations were unique in the sense that when the decay constants were specified, the remaining constants were determined. By varying successively several different constants in one set pertaining to the linear synthesis of DNA, a variety of cellular conditions were observed. A stress was applied to the model cell by means of changing the initial conditions of its components and this effect was examined over several generations. One important result of this test was that greater stability was obtained for fast read out and fast decay than for slow read out and slow decay. Another significant result was that the greatest instability was found for three stresses applied simultaneously. Of the two different synthetic patterns for DNA, this method showed that DNA synthesized during only part of a cycle is considerably more stable. The constants relating the syntheses of structural RNA and structural ribosomes appeared to be rigidly determined over the range of solutions tested. The method of stability in successive generations was also applied to alterations of these constants. It was found that quite small changes do indeed affect stability and that this stress is more readily tolerated if both constants are altered in the same direction. The model cell responded to the condition of a magnesium deficiency in very much the same way as bacterial cells under an actual experimental test. The analog computer method proves to be quite powerful in describing the nature of a system such as the bacterial cell, even in a very simplified form.
Hirsi Ali and van Gogh's Submission: Reinforcing the Islam vs. women binary

Synopsis This article presents a textual and visual analysis of Hirsi Ali and van Gogh's controversial short film, Submission: Part 1 [Submission: Part 1. (2004). Dir. Theo van Gogh. Script Ayaan Hirsi Ali.]. It argues that while Hirsi Ali's stated objective in Submission, as well as in her public statements and more recent writings, has been to combat domestic violence in Muslim communities, the rhetorical strategies she embraces frequently reinforce unproductive orientalist stereotypes of Islam and Muslim women and men. The article problematizes Hirsi Ali's strategies by drawing on Uma Narayan's analysis of the roles played by non-Western academics in debates concerning Third-World women's issues. And it compares Hirsi Ali's condemnation of Islam's abuse of women with feminist critiques of the same articulated by other Muslim academics, such as Leila Ahmed, whose feminist assessment of Islam is historically grounded and is strategically combined with a critique of derogatory Western stereotypes of Muslims.
Increased survival of xenogeneic tumor in thymectomized hosts.

Abstract An amelanotic hamster melanoma was successfully transplanted in 43 of 45 neonatally thymectomized rats. The tumors remained viable longer than fourteen days in 22 of the rats but all were rejected before becoming fatal. Tumors growing in thymectomized rats could be transplanted successfully to other thymectomized rats and to hamsters, but not to normal rats.
Parlor Politics: In Which the Ladies of Washington Help Build a City and a Government

When Thomas Jefferson moved his victorious Republican administration into the new capital city in 1801, one of his first acts was to abolish any formal receptions, except on New Year's Day and the Fourth of July. His successful campaign for the presidency had been partially founded on the idea that his Federalist enemies had assumed dangerously aristocratic trappings a sword for George Washington and a raised dais for Martha when she received people at social occasions in the first capital cities of New York and Philadelphia. When the ladies of Washington City, determined to have their own salon, arrived en masse at the president's house, Jefferson met them in riding clothes, expressing surprise at their presence. His deep suspicion of any occasion that resembled a European court caused a major problem, however: without the face-to-face relationships and networks of interest created in society, the American experiment in government could not function.Into this conundrum, writes Catherine Allgor, stepped women like Dolley Madison and Louisa Catherine Adams, women of political families who used the unofficial, social sphere to cement the relationships that politics needed to work. Not only did they create a space in which politics was effectively conducted; their efforts legitimated the new republic and the new capital in the eyes of European nations, whose representatives scoffed at the city's few amenities and desolate setting. Covered by the prescriptions of their gender, Washington women engaged in the dirty business of politics, which allowed their husbands to retain their republican purity.Constrained by the cultural taboos on "petticoat politicking," women rarely wrote forthrightly about their ambitions and plans, preferring to cast their political work as an extension of virtuous family roles. But by analyzing their correspondence, gossip events, "etiquette wars," and the material culture that surrounded them, Allgor finds that these women acted with conscious political intent. In the days before organized political parties, the social machine built by these early federal women helped to ease the transition from a failed republican experiment to a burgeoning democracy."
Immediate loading of single root form implants with the use of a custom acrylic stent.

Abstract This article describes a technique for fabricating a provisional screw-retained restoration for immediate loading of single implants. Until immediate loading of single implants becomes a well-documented treatment modality, this technique should be used cautiously. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:382-5.)
An approach to the patient with late-onset cerebellar ataxia

Background An 83-year-old man presented with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a previous basal cell carcinoma, having developed progressive worsening of his balance and difficulty walking at the age of 78 years. He was initially diagnosed with stroke, but MRI revealed only isolated cerebellar atrophy. The patient then underwent multiple evaluations for an underlying paraneoplastic process, all of which were negative, but his symptoms progressed and he remained undiagnosed for several years. Investigations Neurological examination, laboratory blood tests, MRI, and directed genetic testing. Diagnosis Five years after becoming symptomatic, the patient was re-evaluated for a possible genetic ataxia syndrome, which was subsequently confirmed by gene testing as spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). Management Symptomatic medical treatment and physical, occupational, and speech therapy.
Studies of intestinal absorption of calcium45 in man

Gastrointestinal absorption of calcium has been studied in 37 tests of 30 fasted subjects. One radioisotope of calcium, Ca45, was given orally and another, Ca47, was given intravenously, so that the true absorption could be calculated from the amount of these isotopes appearing in the stools. Completeness of collection was determined by use of Cr51-labeled erythrocytes as an unabsorbed marker. Normal subjects absorbed 15 to 59 per cent of the dose. Patients with the clinical diagnosis of milk-alkali syndrome and a control group of patients with different diseases but with normal calcium metabolism and gastrointestinal function were within the normal range. Subjects with osteomalacia absorbed less and several hypercalcemic pateints, including 3 hyperparathyroid subjects, absorbed more than the normal amount.
Get Rad! The Evolution of the Skateboard Deck

Today there is growing interest in material culture studies among a wide range of social and biological scientists. Researchers recognize that some concepts drawn from biology can be useful in understanding aspects of material culture evolution. Indeed, recent research has demonstrated that material culture can evolve in a branching manner (vertical transmission) similar to that of biological species. However, there are many complicating factors as well, particularly the human penchant for borrowing and resurrecting old ideas resulting in extensive blending and hybridization (lateral transmission). But blending and hybridization occurs in biology as well depending upon the nature and scale of interacting organisms. There is far more lateral information transfer between populations within species than between species (although there are always exceptions). History can also be expected to play a role in the degree to which evolution is affected by vertical versus lateral transmission processes. All things equal, we should expect branching to be most important early in the history of a cultural system since blending could not become significant without the early development of distinct lineages. This is different from most biological systems in the sense that the development of distinct lineages would significantly reduce (or prevent) opportunities for blending. We explore these ideas with an analysis of skateboard decks spanning the history of professional skateboards since 1963. We apply cladistic and networking models in order to develop an understanding of the degree by which skateboard evolution was affected by branching and blending/hybridization processes. The study is enhanced by a historical record that provides significant insight into the actual innovation and borrowing processes associated with skateboard evolution. Results confirm that both branching and blending played important roles and that branching was most critical early in professional skateboard history. The study offers the important implication that while cultural systems will typically incorporate far more horizontal transmission in the evolutionary process (particularly in later stages) than many biological systems, general principles governing early stage branching and disparity may apply to both.
Steady-state vs. pulsed excitation recombination kinetics: Simulations and experiments on pores, powders and random media

Abstract The non-classical kinetics of exciton recombination in restricted geometries provides the foundation for a new experimental technique of probing the exciton dynamics and the sample topology. The phosphorescence and delayed flourescence decays exhibit a dramatic dependence on the duration of the excitation. The comparison of pulsed and steady-state excitation provides information on the local topology of the sample and on the average hopping time of the exciton and the exciton diffusion length. This is possible because the distribution of the exciton population is non-Poissonian under steady-state excitation conditions. In addition, the pulse-created distribution also loses its Poissonian character with time. The experimental systems are: 1) isotopic mixed naphthalene crystals above and below percolation; 2) naphthalene crystalline powder; 3) naphthalene embedded into porous glass. Except for the mixed crystals above the percolation concentration, all samples exhibit non-classical effects. The interpretation is aided by Monte Carlo simulations.
Raloxifene Enhances Material-Level Mechanical Properties of Femoral Cortical and Trabecular Bone

We have previously documented that raloxifene enhances the mechanical properties of dog vertebrae independent of changes in bone mass, suggesting a positive effect of raloxifene on material-level mechanical properties. The goal of this study was to determine the separate effects of raloxifene on the material-level mechanical properties of trabecular and corticalbonefromthefemurofbeagledogs.Skeletallymature female beagles (n 12 per group) were treated daily for 1 yr with oral doses of vehicle or raloxifene (0.50 mg/kgd). Trabecular bone mechanical properties were measured at the femoral neck using reduced platen compression, a method that allows the trabecular bone to be tested without coring specimens. Cortical bone properties were assessed on prismatic beam specimens machined from the femoral diaphysis using both monotonic and dynamic (cyclic relaxation) fourpoint bending tests. Trabecular bone from raloxifene-treated animals had significantly higher ultimate stress (130%), modulus (89%), and toughness (152%) compared with vehicle-treated animals. Cortical bone from raloxifene-treated animalshadsignificantlygreatertoughness(62%)compared with vehicle, primarily as a function of increased postyield displacement (100%). There was no significant difference between groups in the percentage of stiffness loss during cortical bone cyclic relaxation tests. These results are consistent with previous data from the vertebrae of these same animals, showing raloxifene has positive effects on biomechanical properties independent of changes in bone volume/density. This may help explain how raloxifene reduces osteoporotic fractures despite modest changes in bone mass. (Endocrinology 148: 3908–3913, 2007)
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty as a first revascularization procedure in single-, double- and triple-vessel coronary artery disease

Objectives. We sought to compare in-hospital and long-term outcome after angioplasty in patients with single-, double- and triple-vessel disease. Background. Coronary angioplasty is increasingly used in patients with multivessel disease. Methods. The source of data was the clinical data base at Emory University. Patients who had previous coronary revascularization or who underwent angioplasty in the setting of acute myocardial infarction were excluded. Results. Of 10,783 patients, 71% had one-vessel, 24% two-vessel and 5% three-vessel disease. Age, male gender, diabetes, hypertension, history of previous myocardial infarction, Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III or IV angina and congestive failure all increased with severity of disease. Complete revascularization was achieved in most patients with one-vessel disease, in a minority with two-vessel disease and rarely in those with three-vessel disease. Emergency coronary bypass surgery increased from 1.7% with one-vessel disease to 3.2% with three-vessel disease. Q wave myocardial infarctions could not be shown to vary significantly with severity of disease. The mortality rate increased from 0.2% with one-vessel disease to 1.2% with three-vessel disease. The number of vessels diseased was a multivariate correlate of in-hospital and long-term mortality. The 1-, 5- and 10-year survival was 0.99, 0.93 and 0.86 for one-vessel disease and 0.97, 0.89 and 0.76 for two-vessel disease, respectively. The 1-, 5- and 9-year survival was 0.95, 0.85 and 0.70 in three-vessel disease, respectively. Freedom from myocardial infarction, coronary bypass surgery and repeat angioplasty was also lower with more severe disease. Conclusions. Patients have increasing in-hospital and long-term mortality as the severity of disease increases. There is also an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and revascularization procedures with more severe disease.
Reactions of Triosmium Carbonyl Clusters with Thionylaniline. Crystal Structures of Os(3)(CO)(9)(m(3)-NPh)(m(3)-S), Os(3)(CO)(9)(m(3)-eta(2)-(PhN)(2)SO)(m(3)-S), and Os(3)(CO)(8)(NCMe)(m(3)-NPh)(m(3)-S).

Reaction of Os(3)(CO)(12) with thionylaniline (PhN=S=O) in refluxing methylcyclohexane produces Os(3)(CO)(9)(m(3)-NPh)(m(3)-S) (1) in good yield. When Os(3)(CO)(10)(NCMe)(2) is treated with PhN=S=O at room temperature, compound 1 and Os(3)(CO)(9)(m(3)-eta(2)-(PhN)(2)SO)(m(3)-S) (2) result. Compound 1 reacts with trimethylamine oxide in the presence of acetonitrile to give Os(3)(CO)(8)(NCMe)(m(3)-NPh)(m(3)-S) (3). Compounds 1-3 were characterized by mass, IR, and NMR spectroscopies, and their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic (C2/c), a = 16.603(7) A, b = 8.679(4) A, c = 29.009(6) A, beta = 102.08(2) degrees, Z = 8, R (R(w)) = 0.036 (0.039). Crystal data for 2: triclinic (Po), a = 9.723(4) A, b = 15.704(4) A, c = 18.455(7) A, alpha = 113.17(3) degrees, beta = 102.48(3) degrees, gamma = 89.97(3) degrees, Z = 4, R (R(w)) = 0.030 (0.026). Crystal data for 3: monoclinic (P2(1)/n), a = 18.792(3) A, b = 8.856(3) A, c = 26.210(9) A, beta = 93.72(2) degrees, Z = 8, R (R(w)) = 0.066 (0.063).
Ecdysteroid titer during larval--pupal--adult development of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.

Abstract The ecdysteroid titer during the fourth (penultimate) and fifth larval instars of Manduca sexta was characterized by large increases lasting approximately 24 and 60 hr, respectively, and these peaks occurred just before ecdysis. During the last larval instar, an earlier, smaller increase in the titer was also observed lasting approsimately 20 hr and is the increase presumed responsible for commitment to pupal development. After pupation, the ecdysteroid titer increases again, reaching a maximum between Days 7 and 9. At Day 10 postpupation, the titer declined dramatically and stabilized at ∼day 14. During pupal-adult development, there was no sexual dimorphism in the ecdysteroid titer. However, a difference in the ecdysteroid titer between males and females was observed after adult eclosion. Qualitative analysis of the ecdysteroid RIA activity revealed the presence of only ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone at varying ratios depending on developmental stage. For the large peaks preceding larval and pupal ecdysis, 20-hydroxyecdysone was the predominant hormone, while ecdysone was the major component during pupal-adult development. The fifth instar commitment peak was comprised of approximately equal quantities of the two ecdysteroids.