cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for School Refusal: Treatment Development and Incorporation of Web-Based Coaching

Youth school refusal is a significant societal problem with broad negative long-term consequences, yet few treatments have been developed for this population. This paper reports on the development and implementation of a novel treatment program, Dialectical Behavior Therapy for School Refusal (DBT-SR), that attempts to address limitations in both existing treatment models and current delivery systems. DBT-SR employs a multimodal approach to directly address the severe emotional and behavioral dysregulation mechanisms maintaining school refusal behavior. It also incorporates a web-based coaching component to provide active, real-time skills coaching to youth and parents at the times, and in the context, of greatest need (at home, during morning hours). A pilot trial and illustrative case examples provide “proof of concept” that DBT-SR is reasonably feasible and acceptable to clients and therapists and that web-based coaching provides incremental, unique benefit. Significant development remains, as participant recruitment proved a challenge in this trial. However, results suggest that DBT-SR is a promising, novel intervention that deserves further development.
Body fat distribution and organ weights of 14 common strains and a 22-strain consomic panel of rats.

Abstract The goal of this study was to determine the adiposity of a range of rat strains, including a panel of consomics, to estimate heritability. To that end, we assessed the body fat distribution and organ weights of groups of adult male rats from 3 outbred strains, 11 inbred strains and 22 consomic strains. We measured the weights of the gonadal, retroperitoneal, mesenteric, femoral, subscapular and pericardial white fat depots, the subscapular brown fat depot, the kidneys, liver, heart, spleen, and brain. Strains were compared for the measured weight of each of these adipose depots and organs, and also for these weights adjusted statistically for body size. All individual adipose depot and organ weights were highly heritable, in most cases h2 > 0.50. The fourteen inbred and outbred rat strains were not very different in body length but there was a three-fold difference in body weight, and up to a twenty-fold difference in the weight of some adipose depots. Comparison of the FHH-Chr nBN consomic strains with the FHH host strain revealed 98 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for body composition and organ weight, with the introgressed chromosome reducing weight or adiposity in most cases. These results can be used to guide the choice of appropriate rat strains for future studies of the genetic architecture of obesity and body size.
A time‐dependent climatic feedback system involving sea‐ice extent, ocean temperature, and CO2

An idealized, time and latitude dependent, nonlinear, basically thermodynamic model is developed for an equinoctial, all-ocean planet to illustrate the possible roles of a number of positive and negative feedbacks that are present in the earth's climatic system. The mean atmospheric properties (e.g., temperature and cloud cover) and the sea-surface temperature are treated as fast response parts of the total system that are coherent with the sea ice extent measured by the sine of the ice edge latitude, ?. The mean depth- and latitude-average ocean temperature, ?, is the other prognostic variable that can vary along with ? over long time periods. The model is based on a set of parameterizations for all the modes of heat transfer across the top of the sea water, some of which represent considerable improvements over those incorporated in previous statistical dynamical climate models. In particular, the sensible heat flux now includes the “rectifier” effects associated with synoptic air mass exchanges that arise as a consequence of the baroclinicity of the atmosphere. This introduces a strong positive feedback leading to instability of the system, that can be viewed as the physical manifestation of the more familiar “ice-albedo” feedback. Another positive feedback included is due to longwave emissivity changes associated with CO 2 changes that, in turn, are postulated to arise in response to the variations of mean ocean temperature ?. Among the negative feedbacks is one due to the insulating effect of sea ice on ? (which, in turn, influences the ice edge extent through an upward subsurface heat flux at the ice edge), and another due to the changes of the amount and path length of solar radiation at the ice edge. The model is expressed mathematically as a coupled autonomous polynomial system of 6th degree governing the two state variables ? and ?. Analyses are made of the equilibria, sensitivity of the equilibria to changes in all the parameters, linear stability and structural stability of the equilibrium paths for changes in selected parameters of special interest (e.g., the solar constant and CO 2 level) constituting climatic prediction of the “second kind”. Finally, some phase plane portraits for specified values of parameters are presented showing the evolution of the system from arbitrary initial conditions (prediction of the “first kind”) and illustrating the time dependent properties of the system. For one reasonable set of parameters, damped oscillations of a period on the order of a thousand years are obtained, while for other possible parameter values unstable behavior is manifest. Because of the instabilities for large departures from equilibrium, this system cannot exhibit stable limit cycles (i.e., auto-oscillatory behavior), but realistic modifications are suggested that offer the possibilities of such behavior. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1980.tb00938.x
ROLE OF PYRROLIDINE RESIDUES IN THE STRUCTURE AND STABILIZATION OF COLLAGEN.

The physical properties of two neutral salt-soluble invertebrate collagens of markedly different total imino acid and hydroxyproline content have been compared. Measurements of sedimentation velocity, viscosity and optical rotation indicate that both Ascaris cuticle and earthworm cuticle collagens behave as rigid, asymmetric, rod-like particles in solution, with component polypeptide chains in the helical configuration of poly- L -proline II type and with molecular weights appreciably greater than those reported for the vertebrate tropo-collagens. Ascaris collagen (29% Pro; 2%Hypro) undergoes a thermal transition (collagen → gelatin) at 52°C (T D ) whereas earthworm collagen (0·8% Pro; 17% Hypro) exhibits a T D of 22°C. When these results are considered with the thermal denaturation temperatures of other soluble collagens of known composition, it is concluded that the total pyrrolidine (Pro + Hypro) rather than the Hypro content alone, is the significant feature in the stabilization of the collagen structure. The distribution of pyrrolidine residues in various collagens has been estimated statistically and leads to the conclusion that triplets containing neighboring pyrrolidine residues are thermally stable. The re-naturation rates of Ascaris and earthworm gelatins have been measured at low temperature and their relationship to the pyrrolidine content and distribution considered.
Electromagnetic sum rules by spectral distribution methods

The spectral distribution methods are applied to calculate non-energy-weighted and linear-energy-weighted sum rules for electric and magnetic multipole excitations in the $\mathrm{ds}$-shell nuclei $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, and $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$. We see the inadequacy of $\mathrm{ds}$-shell model space to explain the observed isoscalar quadrupole transition strengths. Isospin admixing of ${1}^{+}$ levels in $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ and $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ are also confirmed. For isovector $M1$, a detailed study of the Kurath sum rule is made. The strength sums for the higher order multipoles where experimental data are not accurate enough are also evaluated.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{32}\mathrm{S}$, $^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$; sum rules for $E2$, $E4$, $M1$, $M3$, $M5$ transitions; Brown-Kuo Hamiltonian; spectral distribution methods used for calculation; Kurath sum rule extended.
Geochemistry of mantle–core differentiation at high pressure

THE apparent excess of siderophile (iron-Ioving) elements in the Earth's mantle has been a long-standing enigma in the geochemistry of mantle–core differentiation1,2. Although current models have proved successful in explaining some aspects of this problem3–7, important questions remain. In particular, the mantle's near-chondritic ratio of nickel to cobalt (close to that expected for the material from which the Earth formed) is hard to explain, given the markedly different ambient-pressure partitioning behaviour of these elements between iron-alloy and silicate melts3–8. Here we report experimental results which show that both elements become less siderophile with pressure, but the effect is much more pronounced for Ni, so that the partition coefficients of the two elements become essentially equivalent at an extrapolated pressure of ∼28 GPa. The absolute and relative abundances of Ni and Co in the mantle are therefore consistent with alloy–silicate chemical equilibrium at high pressure, indicating that core formation may have taken place in a magma ocean with a depth of 750–1,100 km. We also find that, unlike Ni and Co, sulphur becomes more siderophile with pressure. Sulphur's increased affinity for iron with depth could make it the dominant light element in the Earth's core.
Potential new paradigm for treatment of atopic dermatitis

Methods: This was a multicenter, two-phase study of 206 patients 2 to 15 years of age with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. In the fi rst phase of the study, the goal was to stabilize patient symptoms. The stabilization phase was divided into two periods. The fi rst period was double-blinded, and patients were assigned to use tacrolimus ointment, 0.03%, or alclometasone ointment, 0.05%, for 4 days. During the second period, all patients received tacrolimus ointment, 0.03% (open-label), for up to 16 weeks. The maintenance phase was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of tacrolimus ointment, 0.03%, or vehicle ointment applied once daily or three times weekly to the previously affected sites.
Comparison of stable isotope reference samples

Use of light stable isotope ratio measurements has proliferated in the past decade. The need for procuring additional stable isotope reference materials was recognized at an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) consultants' meeting convened in 19761. This group recommended acquisition of two carbonates, two carbon dioxide samples, a biotite, a sulphate, and other reference materials. We report here on the mass-spectrometric analysis of these and other reference samples in a single laboratory to minimize interlaboratory calibration errors. A result of this work is an improved equation for relating the PDB isotope scale (belemnite from the Peedee Formation of South Carolina adopted in the 1950s as a reference in palaeotemperature studies2) to the V-SMOW (Vienna-Standard Mean Ocean Water) scale1.
HEAT-TRANSFER AND DRAG COEFFICIENTS FOR ETHANOL DROPS IN A ROCKET CHAMBER BURNING ETHANOL AND LIQUID OXYGEN

Heat transfer drag coefficient for ethanol drops in rocket chamber burning ethanol and liquid oxygen
Behavior Engineering Proposals: 2. A Tie-Breaking Point (Tbp) for Football

A tie-breaking point (TBP) for football is proposed. When a game becomes tied, the team whose score produced the tie then attempts a TBP, what is normally a two-point conversion, but scored differently: if this play succeeds the offensive team scores one point; if this play fails the defensive team scores one point. Thus the tie is broken. Examples are given. The special case of a scoreless tie is treated. Why the success rate for a two-point conversion or a TBP should be 50% is discussed. Results of the reactions from an informal survey of university football coaches to the suggested TBP are appended.
Hereditary diabetes insipidus: report of 20 cases in seven generations.

INTRODUCTION THE familial occurrence of diabetes insipidus was first reported over one hundred years ago by La Combe in 1841, as cited by Forssman (1). At that time Mendel's laws of inheritance had not yet been described. Since then, about 35 reports with case analyses and family trees have appeared in the literature, primarily from Europe. The studies carried out by the Weils, Sr. and Jr., and summarized by Camerer (2) in 1935, are a classic reference on the mode of transmission of this anomaly, stressing the presence of a dominant gene. More recent comprehensive surveys are those of Forssman in Sweden in 1945 (1) and Pender and Fraser in Canada in 1953 (3). There have been only a few reports from this country (4–6), and it is the purpose of this paper to present a family history in which individuals of seven generations were affected by the disease and to discuss the genetic aspects of inherited diabetes insipidus.
Intra-Hemispherical Distances in Congenital Hydrocephalus Associated with Meningomyelocele

SUMMARY The distances between fixed points within the hemispheres of children with normal brains and children with congenital hydrocephalus have been measured. There is little change in intracerebral distances in parts of the brain applied to the base of the skull. There is a diminution in intracerebral distances in parts of the brain where there is thinning of the cortex and increased distances over widely separated points, particularly related to the vertex. The likely effect of these findings on the function of the brain is discussed. RESUMEN Se han calculado las distancias entre puntos fijos dentro de los hemisferios de ninos de cerebro normal y ninos afectos de hidrocefalia congenita. Hay poca variacion en distancias intracerebrales en las partes del cerebro aplicadas a la base del craneo. Hay una disminucion en distancias intracerebrales en las partes del cerebro donde hay una disminucion del espesor del cortex, y las distancias son aumentadas sobre puntos muy separados, especialmente con relacion al vertice. Se discute el efecto probable de estos hallazgos sobre el funcionamiento del cerebro.
A downhole heat exchanger for horizontal wells in low-enthalpy geopressured geothermal brine reservoirs

Abstract Geothermal energy is a clean, renewable energy resource that is widely available and reliable. Improved drilling and heat conversion systems make geothermal energy an increasingly attractive alternative. Downhole heat exchangers (DHEs) can accelerate the development of geothermal energy by reducing the capital cost and the risk of microquakes or subsidence. However, low-enthalpy geothermal resources are difficult to develop economically because of low heat extraction efficiency. In this study, a coaxial DHE concept is proposed to exploit forced convection driven by a downhole pump inside a horizontal wellbore. Two configurations of the proposed design are introduced, each having different flow paths for working and reservoir fluids. One system – which circulates working fluid through the inner-most tubing in the coaxial arrangement has better thermal exchange efficiency of about 29%, and is evaluated by coupling it to a simple model for a binary power generation plant and a geothermal reservoir simulator. Thermodynamic analysis evaluates the DHE performance for electricity generation. A field case study of the Camerina A reservoir (Vermillion Parish, Louisiana) demonstrates a net power of about 350 kW can be generated by a turbine even after 30 years of production.
FINDING THE POOR

As a basis for judging how public policy affects the poor, this article explores how “poor” families may be defined and how well such families can be distinguished from other families in the less developed countries. This is done by seeking proxies for poverty which are relatively easy to measure, accurate in discriminating between the poor and the non-poor, and relevant to public policy. To this end, a highly parsimonious model is developed, based on truncation and regression procedures, using only family size and number of wage earners in addition to either income or an education-age combination. Application of this model to data from household surveys in three major cities of Latin America shows that the model is highly effective in pinpointing poverty households, although the pattern of errors is not random, the most frequent type of error being to classify poverty households as non-poor. Especially significant is that the model is nearly as effective for discriminating poverty households from others when financial variables are excluded as when they are included. This would suggest that a good deal of flexibility exists in deciding what variables to include in future studies of this type. The results also suggest that even better results should be possible if more complete information is obtained on the employment status of the different members of the household and on the contribution of each to household income. Ideally, the data collection and model development should proceed in an iterative manner since there are numerous possible variables as well as alternative model formulations.
The Use of Factor Analysis in the Construction of Linear Composites in Social Research

This paper discusses the uses of factor analysis in the development of composite indices in social research. A distinction is drawn between "factor-based" scores and factor scores, and some comparisons are made between the two general approaches. After reviewing the methods of factor score estimation in some detail, an empirical example is presented which casts doubt on the efficacy of factor score estimation procedures, and favors the continued use of factor-based scores by social researchers.
Axisymmetric Flame Spread Across Propanol Pools in Normal and Zero Gravities

Axisymmetric ignition and flame propagation across propanol pools is investigated numerically with finite-rate one-step chemical kinetics, variable properties, and an adaptive finite-difference gridding scheme without forced gas-phase flow. Propanol fuel is allowed to evaporate into the air after filling the fuel tray and before the igniter is activated. The propanol vapor profile in the gas phase is examined numerically as a function of time. At 1 -g0, a steady fuel vapor-concentration boundary layer is established in the gas phase 5 s after filling a fuel tray. Conversely, at 0-g0, the profile of fuel vapor concentration is always unsteady and keeps growing in the gas phase as time elapses. Axisymmetric flame spread over a shallow circular pool is examined as a function of oxygen concentration. The flame spread rate at \-g0 is comparable to but lower than that at 0-g 0 for χO2,∞ ≥ 21% and T0 = 22.1°C with ΔtPI = 5s, where ΔtPI denotes the time lapse between filling the fuel tray and activating the ignit...
Effect of supplementation of dried distillers grains with solubles on forage intake and characteristics of digestion of beef heifers grazing small-grain pasture

Sixteen ruminally cannulated, English-crossbred heifers (378 ± 28.4 kg) grazing small-grain pasture (SGP) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate effects of supplementing different amounts of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of BW; as-fed basis) on forage intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation characteristics. The experiment was conducted from April 6 through April 20, 2007. Heifers grazed in a single SGP with supplements offered individually, once daily at 0700 h. Forage and total OM, CP, and NDF intake were not affected (P ≥ 0.21) by DDGS amount. Digestibility of NDF and ether extract (EE) increased linearly (P < 0.001) when heifers consumed more DDGS. Intake of DM (kg/d and g/kg of BW), ruminal volume (L), fluid dilution rate (%/h), fluid flow rate (L/h) turnover time (h), and particle dilution rate (SGP and DDGS) were not affected (P ≥ 0.32) by increasing DDGS supplementation amount. In situ DDGS CP kinetic parameters were not affected (P ≥ 0.25) by increasing DDGS supplementation amount. Forage masticate in situ soluble CP fraction and CP effective degradability increased quadratically (P = 0.01) with increasing DDGS supplementation amount. However, amount of DDGS did not affect forage masticate CP slowly degradable fraction (%; P = 0.39) or degradation rate (%/h; P = 0.63). Rate of in situ disappearance (%/h) for DDGS DM (P = 0.94), forage masticate DM (P = 0.89), and NDF (P = 0.89) were not affected by DDGS supplementation amount, nor was rumen undegradable intake protein (% of CP) for DDGS (P = 0.28) and forage masticate samples (P = 0.93). Ruminal concentration of VFA and ammonia and ruminal pH were not affected (P ≥ 0.21) by increasing DDGS amount. Results indicated that DDGS can be used in SGP supplements without negatively affecting forage intake, digestibility, or ruminal fermentation.
On the Depth of the Associated Graded Ring of an m-Primary Ideal of a Cohen-Macaulay Local Ring

Abstract Let ( R , m ) be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring with maximal ideal m and positive dimension d . Let us assume R has infinite residue field and let I be an m -primary ideal of R . By gr l ( R ) we denote the associated graded ring of I and by depth gr l ( R ) we mean depth (gr l ( R )) M , where M is the maximal homogeneous ideal of gr l ( R ). In this paper we individuate some conditions on I that allow us to determine the value of depth gr l ( R ). It is proved that if J ⊆ I is a minimal reduction of I such that [formula] then depth gr l ( R ) = d − 1; let us remark that lambda denotes the length function.
A pH dependent coil-to-sheet transition in a periodic artificial protein adsorbed at the air-water interface

External infrared reflectance spectroscopy allows in situ determination of the conformational state of a periodic artificial protein adsorbed at the air−water interface. The protein, which consists of 36 copies of an octapeptide sequence [(AG)_3EG] constituted from alanine (A), glycine (G), and glutamic acid (E), adopts a random coil conformation in aqueous solution over a broad range of pH (5 < pH < 14). In contrast, the adsorbed chain undergoes a transition from a disordered (coil-like) state to a β-sheet conformation as the pH of the subphase is reduced. The conformational transition is offset by ca. 4 pH units from the titration curve of the polymer in aqueous solution, suggesting that the ionization behavior of the polymer is substantially perturbed by interfacial effects. In situ determination of the conformation of the adsorbed chain allows observation of a coil-to-sheet transition that is not observed in bulk solution.
Visualization of individual axons in excised lamprey spinal cord by magnetic resonance microscopy.

Abstract The direct visualization of axons within their native tissue environment by magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy is presented for the first time in the excised larval sea lamprey spinal cord. A home-built transverse radio frequency coil of 1.5 mm diameter was used in conjunction with a commercial 400 MHz MR microscopy system, implementing both 2-D and 3-D imaging pulse sequences. Images having nominal voxel sizes of 9×9×500 and 9×9×125 μm3, respectively, in the lamprey spinal cord were obtained, resolving individual Mauthner and Muller axons. Furthermore, architectural changes associated with axonal degeneration were visualized in the spinal cord of one animal, excised 8 weeks after hemisection of the cord. Although the lamprey previously has not been the subject of MR microscopy investigations, these results demonstrate the method's potential for imaging this axon system, which is an important model of spinal cord injury and regeneration.
Interference rejection techniques in spread spectrum communications

It is argued that the ability of a spread-spectrum system to withstand interference, both intentional and unintentional, is probably its greatest asset. Any spread spectrum receiver can only suppress a given amount of interference; if the level of interference becomes too great, the system will not function properly. Even under these latter circumstances, however, other techniques, which enhance the performance of the system over and above the performance improvement that comes automatically to systems from using spread spectrum, are available for use. These techniques typically involve some type of additional signal processing and are examined here. Two general types of narrowband interference suppression schemes are discussed and an overview is presented for several other techniques. The two classes of rejection schemes emphasized are (1) those based on least-mean-square estimation techniques, and (2) those based on transform-domain processing structures. >
Esteem Construct Generality and Academic Performance

Measures of global, specific, and task-specific self-esteem were administered to 78 male and 81 female college students and related to predicted and actual performance on a midterm examination. Significant correlations were found between global and specific measures and between specific and task measures, but not between global and task measures. The relationship between the esteem measures and actual performance was strongest for the task measures, next strongest for the specific measures, and nonsignificant for the global measures. Specific measures were also significantly related to predicted performance, but global measures were not. The findings were discussed in terms of four criticisms of global measures, and it was suggested that more specific self-esteem measures be developed.
Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction Induces Urethral Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy and Decreased Force Generation

Purpose: PBOO leads to increased urinary frequency, decreased void volume, hypertrophy of the detrusor SM, and alterations in contractile and regulatory proteins. This study was done to determine whether PBOO induced increases in urinary frequency and detrusor SM hypertrophy are associated with an alteration in the contractility and expression of myosin isoforms in urethral SM.Materials and Methods: PBOO was surgically induced in male New Zealand White rabbits, and sham operated rabbits served as controls. After surgery, rabbits were kept 12 days, and prior to sacrifice, urine output and voiding frequency were monitored by keeping the animals in metabolic cages for 24 hours. Animals with increased urinary frequency (mean ± SEM 43 ± 12 voids per 24 hours) and sham operated rabbits (6 ± 3 voids per 24 hours) were used for this study. Morphology of the urethra was studied using light and immunofluorescence microscopy. The expression of myosin isoforms was analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and...
Identification of Novel Missense Mutations of Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Gene in Exercise-Induced Sudden Death at Autopsy

Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine type 2 receptor (RyR2) gene are associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. We hypothesized that these mutations could be detected at autopsy in cases of exercise-triggered sudden death. Fourteen sudden death patients, eight males and six females, were studied at autopsy based on apparent sudden cardiac death, without significant anatomical abnormalities. The coding regions of arrhythmia genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. Three novel RyR2 mutations, R414C, F2331S, and R2401L, were identified in three unrelated patients (two males and one female; mean age at death, 12 ± 2 years), all performing strenuous activity at the time of death or collapse. These mutations were located in highly conserved regions where arrhythmia-linked RyR2 mutations clustered. Although G269S in the KVLQT1 gene was detected in a female with known family history of syncope and sudden cardiac death, no other mutations were found in any of the 14 cases, and no other mutations was found in 200 controls. The absence of structural cardiac disease in physical activity-induced sudden death and the finding of three novel RyR2 mutations suggest that mutation screening in such cases should include RyR2.
Activin Signal Transduction Pathways

Many of the signal transduction pathways required for mammalian endocrine cell function are conserved from flies and worms. These model organisms permitted the illumination of the biological properties of ligands and provided systems in which cellular coactivating molecules could be identified rapidly. Our knowledge about the activin signaling components has been advanced tremendously by the work carried out in these systems. Subsequent research is beginning to reveal the complex interactions that serve to regulate this signaling pathway.
Pharmacokinetics of creatinine in man and its implications in the monitoring of renal function and in dosage regimen modifications in patients with renal insufficiency

A single-compartment model is proposed to describe the pharmacokinetics of creatinine in man. Based on the information from the literature, it was estimated that the average biological half-life of creatinine in normal male adults between 20 to 39 years old is 3.85 hours. This half-life is prolonged in renal patients and becomes 77 hours when renal function decreases to 5 per cent of normal. Based on pharmacokinetic analysis, it was also shown that the time required to reach a new steady-state serum creatinine level after onset of renal failure is highly dependent upon the degree of renal insufficiency. For example, for the subjects analyzed in this paper, it was estimated that it will take 1.1, 2.5, 6.7, and 13.4 days to reach 95 per cent of the steady-state levels when the renal function drops to 50, 25, 10, and 5 per cent of the normal capacity. The model analysis also predicts that from a practical point of view the daily fluctuation in serum level in patients with better than 25 per cent of normal renal function is not very significant. On the other hand, the fluctuation in the early stage of severe renal failure is predicted to be very dramatic. The analysis also predicts that the serum level will decrease to a normal or near normal value within two days after improvement of renal function from moderately to severely impaired state. The data obtained from an anuric patient seems to support the validity of the pharmacokinetic approach used in this study. The implications of the above pharmacokinetic analyses for the monitoring of renal function and dosage regimen modifications in patients with renal insufficiency were discussed.
Three-year follow-up of older schizophrenics: extrapyramidal syndromes, psychiatric symptoms, and ventricular brain ratio.

Abstract Longitudinal evaluation of psychiatric patients often yields information that cross-sectional study does not. We previously examined 31 older (age > 55) chronic schizophrenics for prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects, severity of psychiatric symptoms, and ventricular brain ratio (VBR). We reexamined 22 of these patients after 2–4 years. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) and drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) were common (mean prevalences were 52% and 62%, respectively) and often occurred together (38%). The overall prevalences of the disorders did not change significantly with time, although there was some individual fluctuation in diagnosis. Severity of TD was constant, but severity of DIP decreased, probably because neuroleptic doses were significantly decreased. Magnitude of DIP was positively correlated with VBR and severity of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The correlation of DIP and negative symptoms occurred primarily because of the similarity between masked facies and blunted affect. VBR did not change over the follow-up period. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia were prevalent, moderately severe, and quite stable over time in this cohort. Positive symptoms were less severe but highly variable between examinations.
An experimental investigation of the solidification process in a V-shaped sump

Abstract An experimental study of binary mixture solidification in a V-shaped sump is conducted. NH 4 Cl-H 2 O is used as the phase change material. The variations of temperature, concentration, as well as the location of the interface front, are measured and reported in this investigation. The results indicate that the solidification process exhibits totally different behavior when the initial component of the solution is varied. For a hypoeutectic solution, the columnar solidification in the dendritic interface is the dominant mechanism. For the hypereutectic solution, both columnar and equiaxed solidification are important. The solidification starts as the equiaxed dendrites grow and coalesce in the entire solution. They then descend and settle at the bottom of the sump to form a loose, mushy zone. The solid region grows underneath the mushy zone.
The nucleotide sequence of a wheat γ-gliadin genomic clone

Abstract γ-Gliadins are a subclass of the storage proteins from wheat. We have isolated from a wheat genomic library a clone encoding a γ-gliadin gene. The amino acid sequence derived from the gene sequence reveals a mature protein (308 amino acids, excluding a 19 amino acid signal sequence) with a characteristic repeated structure of the consensus heptapeptide PQQPFPQ corresponding to the high glutamine (35.4%) and proline (17.5%) content. The gene does not contain an intron, and possesses a typical eukaryotic promoter.
Gradient and Percolative Clogging in Depth Filtration

The phenomenon of clogging in depth filtration is investigated, in which a dirty fluid is "cleaned" by the trapping of dirt particles within the pore space during flow through a porous medium. This gives rise to a self-generated gradient percolation process which exhibits a power law distribution for the density of trapped particles at downstream distance x from the input, both in idealized and lattice networks. Implications for efficient filter design are also mentioned.
Hepatitis C–related posttransplant plasma cell proliferative disorder with hepatitis C virus in neoplastic plasma cells: A new posttransplant disease entity?

Plasma cell proliferative disorder (PCPD) developed in two patients with actively replicating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in neoplastic plasma cells after orthotopic liver transplantation for HCV-related end-stage liver disease. PCPD was confined to the transplanted liver and was associated with monoclonal proteins in blood. Bone marrow biopsy did not show any evidence of PCPD. Epstein-Barr virus was not detected by in situ hybridization in either case. In situ hybridization for HCV RNA with sense and antisense probes in liver biopsy specimens showed signals in neoplastic plasma cells as well as in hepatocytes. We suggest that our patients had posttransplant PCPD resulting from HCV. It may represent a new posttransplant disease entity different from previously described posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The findings raise intriguing questions about the role of HCV in PCPDs in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Comparative genomic analysis using statistically optimal null filters

It is well established that the function of human gene can be identified by working on the corresponding gene in a model organism. Such comparative genomic studies have provided new insights into human biology and gene expression. Due to the explosion of genomic data in recent times, highly effective computational comparative genomic algorithms are in greater demand. In this research, a digital signal processing approach using statistically optimal null filter (SONF) is developed for comparative genomic analysis. The instantaneous matched filter in SONF determines the degree of local alignment between the genomic sequences being compared. Through examples the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated in comparison with the other existing convolution based method. In particular, the proposed method is highly efficient in locating a short motif in a large genomic sequence.
Alterations in retinoid signaling in endometriosis may lead to differences in decidualization

follicular development. However, the precise role of AMH in the process of human follicular aging still has to be determined.This study investigates AMH level in the follicular fluid (FF) and mRNA expression pattern in cumulus and mural cells of human ovarian follicles in relation to age. DESIGN: Prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty nine women undergoing In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in our unit were enrolled in the study. FF from large preovulatory follicles (16-24mm) of 21-36 years old women (n 1⁄4 40) and 40-45 years old women (n 1⁄4 29) were aspirated during oocyte pickup. FFAMH levels were determined using ELISAmethod and AMH expression pattern in human mural and cumulus granulosa cells (Gcs) were analyzed by Real Time PCR, normalized to b-actin, and expressed in arbitrary units. RESULTS: AMH mRNA expression in cumulus cells was significantly higher then in mural granulosa cells in both age groups. Interestingly, higher AMH mRNA expression in cumulus cells was observed in the older age group then in the younger group (22.3 5.1vs 5.6 2.2, P <0.01 respectively). AMHmRNA expression in mural cells was not significantly different among both age groups. In addition FFAMH levels were significantly higher in the older group than in the younger group (4.7 1.1 ng\ml and 2.3 0.2 ng\ml respectively, P<0.002). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report which compares AMH level and expression pattern in human cumulus and mural cells at different age groups. This study shows a sharp increase in cumulus expression with increasing age and higher FFAMH level in the older age group then in the younger age group. This remarkable correlation between AMH mRNA levels in cumulus cells in respect to age suggests that AMHmay be involved in follicular aging process.
Depression in midlife women: what have we learned from longitudinal studies?

Abstract As the world's population of midlife women grows, researchers and clinicians have increasingly focused their attention on women's health. The purpose of this paper is to review published longitudinal studies of depression in midlife women. Several longitudinal studies of midlife women have included measures of depression on more than one occasion. Three revealed an association between perimenopause and depression: the Massachusetts Women's Health study, the Melbourne Women's Health study, and the South-East England study. Results in two of these three suggested that vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) were associated with higher depression scores. None of the other studies found a significant association between menopause transition and depression scores. Data from the Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study were used in a cluster analysis. The most prevalent patterns were low CES-D scores in a non-depressed range over all measurement points, with no particular pattern of change across the menopause transition. Menopause transition does not appear to be associated with depression in most longitudinal studies. The lack of association of depression with menopause suggests that the social environment in which women experience menopause might be more significant than the biological changes associated with cessation of menses.
Crossbyanols A—D, Toxic Brominated Polyphenyl Ethers from the Hawai'ian Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya crossbyana

Periodically, the marine cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya crossbyana forms extensive blooms on Hawai'ian coral reefs and results in significant damage to the subtending corals. Additionally, corals near mats of this cyanobacterium, but not directly overgrown, have been observed to undergo bleaching. Therefore, samples of this cyanobacterium were chemically investigated for bioactive secondary metabolites that might underlie this toxicity phenomenon. (1)H NMR spectroscopy-guided fractionation led to the isolation of four heptabrominated polyphenolic ethers, crossbyanols A-D (1-4). Structure elucidation of these compounds was made challenging by their very low proton to carbon (H/C) ratio, but was completed by combining standard NMR and MS data with 2 Hz-optimized HMBC data. Derivatization of crossbyanol A as the diacetate assisted in the assignment of its structure. Crossbyanol B (2) showed antibiotic activity with an MIC value of 2.0-3.9 microg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and relatively potent brine shrimp toxicity (IC(50) 2.8 ppm).
Red/green opponent colors equilibria measured on chromatic adapting fields: Evidence for gain changes and restoring forces

Abstract The luminance invariance and additivity of red/green opponent equilibria were tested under conditions of chromatic adaptation. Four empirical relationships were found. (1) At high test intensities on all adapting fields luminance invariance holds. (2) Luminance invariance holds for all test intensities measured when the adapting field is in red/green equilibrium. (3) At high test intensities on all adapting fields additivity of red/green equilibria holds. (4) At low test intensities on non-equilibrium adapting fields luminance invariance fails. These empirical findings can be explained in terms of a two process model of chromatic adaptation.
Einstein and the orbit of Mercury.

In “The Intelligent Noncosmologist's Guide to Spacetime” (Spacetime Special Issue, News, 24 May, p. [1418][1]), Charles Seife states, “Shortly after Einstein unveiled it, scientists realized that this gravity-as-curvature-of-spacetime theory explained a mysterious anomaly in the orbit of Mercury.” This was not first realized by unnamed scientists, but by Einstein himself. As Abraham Pais writes, “his theory ‘explains … quantitatively … the secular rotation of the orbit of Mercury, discovered by Le Verrier, … without the need of any special hypothesis.’ This discovery was, I believe, by far the strongest emotional experience in Einstein's scientific life, perhaps in all his life. Nature had spoken to him. He had to be right.” ([1][2], p. [253][3]). 1. [↵][4]1. A. Pais , 'Subtle is the Lord…': The Science and Life of Albert Einstein (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1982). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.296.5572.1418 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1071412 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text"
The lab-8 computer and quantitative methods

A method has been developed for teaching a graduate course that combines quantitative methods and introductory programming. It has produced an outcome that is of considerable utility in the laboratory. Several features that contribute to the success of this course are described.
Long-term Outcome Evaluation of Patients Undergoing the Meatal Advancement and Glanuloplasty Procedure

AbstractA total of 100 consecutive children with distal hypospadias who underwent a variation of the Duckett procedure of meatal advancement and glanuloplasty between 1985 and 1990 was evaluated for outcome in terms of urinary stream, erection, cosmetic appearance and overall parental satisfaction. Minimum interval between procedure and reevaluation for this study was 3 years. Parents of 90 of the 100 children were surveyed by surgeons via telephone and 89 (99 percent) expressed a high level of satisfaction with the outcome.
Strategic orientation and equifinality in the U.S. private passenger auto insurance sector

The objective of this study is to examine the strategic orientation of firms in the private passenger auto insurance sector, using the notion of strategic groups. Based on data from the period 2002 to 2007 from a sample of 53 insurers, this study found distinct strategic groups operating in this segment. Each of these groups has unique differences in their modes of operation. Accordingly, these groups are classified as Cost Leaders, Mid Tier Players, Geographic Niche Players, High Cost Niche Players, and Diversified Firms. However, despite the differences in strategic posture, these groups had comparable performance, indicating equifinality in operational modes. Study findings offer several insights to firms planning entry or operating in the private passenger segment of the property-casualty insurance industry.
Pion-Exchange Contributions to Two-Photon Amplitudes and the Nuclear Magnetic Susceptibility

The pion-exchange contributions to the two-photon amplitude are derived and gauge invariance of the complete amplitude is shown. A low-energy theorem for a general two-photon process is derived and the pionic contribution to the magnetic susceptibility is calculated. The contribution of this quantity to $n\ensuremath{-}p$ two-photon radiative capture is shown to be small.
Do Long Radiology Workdays Affect Nodule Detection in Dynamic CT Interpretation

Purpose A previous study demonstrated decreased diagnostic accuracy for finding fractures and decreased ability to focus on skeletal radiographs after a long working day. Skeletal radiographic examinations commonly have images that are displayed statically. The aim of this study was to investigate whether diagnostic accuracy for detecting pulmonary nodules on CT of the chest displayed dynamically would be similarly affected by fatigue. Methods Twenty-two radiologists and 22 residents were given 2 tests searching CT chest sequences for a solitary pulmonary nodule before and after a day of clinical reading. To measure search time, 10 lung CT sequences, each containing 20 consecutive sections and a single nodule, were inspected using free search and navigation. To measure diagnostic accuracy, 100 CT sequences, each with 20 sections and half with nodules, were displayed at preset scrolling speed and duration. Accuracy was measured using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Visual strain was measured via dark vergence, an indicator of the ability to keep the eyes focused on the display. Results Diagnostic accuracy was reduced after a day of clinical reading ( P = .0246), but search time was not affected ( P > .05). After a day of reading, dark vergence was significantly larger and more variable ( P = .0098), reflecting higher levels of visual strain, and subjective ratings of fatigue were also higher. Conclusions After their usual workday, radiologists experience increased fatigue and decreased diagnostic accuracy for detecting pulmonary nodules on CT. Effects of fatigue may be mitigated by active interaction with the display.
Longitudinal profile of channels cut by springs

We propose a simple theory for the longitudinal profile of channels incised by groundwater flow. The aquifer surrounding the stream is represented in two dimensions through Darcy's law and the Dupuit approximation. The model is based on the assumption that, everywhere in the stream, the shear stress exerted on the sediment by the flow is close to the minimal intensity required to displace a sand grain. Because of the coupling of the stream discharge with the water table elevation in the neighbourhood of the channel head, the stream elevation decreases as the distance from the stream's tip with an exponent of 2/3. Field measurements of steephead ravines in the Florida Panhandle conform well to this prediction.
Influence of solute-solvent asymmetry upon the behavior of dilute supercritical mixtures

Infinitely dilute supercritical mixtures may be classified into three categories: attractive, weakly attractive, and repulsive, according to the sign of the solute's partial molar properties, and of the excess number of solvent molecules surrounding a given solute molecule. These quantities are arbitrarily large near the solvent's critical point
DETERMINANTS OF R AND D COMPENSATION STRATEGIES IN THE HIGH TECH INDUSTRY

Le haut degre de competition qui caracterise les industries de pointe a haute technologie soumet les chercheurs et les ingenieurs a d'intenses pressions: priorite a la creativite, concurrence sans merci, adaptation constante a l'innovation introduite a un rythme infernal, concentration geographique (Silicon Valley). Il en resulte une tres grande instabilite professionnelle, des cycles de vie productive abreges, des taux eleves de mortalite. On a compare les politiques salariales de 223 firmes et on a tente d'en analyser les elements compensateurs ou stimulants