cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling issues for common mode chokes to mitigate ground currents in inverter-based drive systems

The additional high frequency common mode current of inverter-based drive systems can cause parasitic effects such as high frequency bearing currents. This high frequency common mode current can be significantly reduced by purpose-designed common mode chokes that are inserted in the drive at the inverter-output. The paper discusses scaling issues related to the design of such common mode chokes, both of wound and feed-through toroidal types. The requirements for the design of chokes for these applications can differ from those for common mode chokes designed for use in the inverter-input, such as those used for the purpose of EMI filtering. This difference is notably due to the comparatively large magnitude of the currents involved. The developed correlations allow taking full advantage of the possibilities offered by such chokes to reduce the high-frequency common mode current and mitigate the resultant parasitic effects. The discussed relationships are derived analytically, and the results are supported by measurements.
Genetic diseases of acid-base transporters.

▪ Abstract Genetic disorders of acid-base transporters involve plasmalemmal and organellar transporters of H+, HCO3−, and Cl−. Autosomal-dominant and -recessive forms of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) are caused by mutations in ion transporters of the acid-secreting Type A intercalated cell of the renal collecting duct. These include the AE1 Cl−/HCO3− exchanger of the basolateral membrane and at least two subunits of the apical membrane vacuolar (v)H+-ATPase, the V1 subunit B1 (associated with deafness) and the V0 subunit a4. Recessive proximal RTA with ocular disease arises from mutations in the electrogenic Na+-bicarbonate cotransporter NBC1 of the proximal tubular cell basolateral membrane. Recessive mixed proximal-distal RTA accompanied by osteopetrosis and mental retardation is associated with mutations in cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase II. The metabolic alkalosis of congenital chloride-losing diarrhea is caused by mutations in the DRA Cl−/HCO3− exchanger of the ileocolonic apical membrane. Rec...
Socioeconomic Status, Negative Affect, and Modifiable Cancer Risk Factors in African-American Smokers

The purpose of the present study was to describe the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of cooccurring modifiable cancer risk factors among African-Americans seeking smoking cessation treatment and to evaluate previously hypothesized models of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health behavior. Overweight/obesity, at-risk alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity were measured in 399 African-American smokers. Analyses indicated that 92.8% of participants had at least one cancer risk factor in addition to smoking. Univariate ordinal logistic regression analyses revealed that female gender, unemployment, lower positive affect, and greater negative affect were associated with having a greater number of cancer risk factors. Multivariate analyses yielded similar findings. A structural equation modeling approach indicated that stress/negative affect may function as one pathway linking SES and modifiable cancer risk factors among African-American smokers and that gender has a direct effect on modifiable cancer risk factors. Thus, risk patterns identified within each gender group may guide the development of multiple risk factor interventions for African-American smokers. Stress and negative affect may be an important treatment target within behavioral interventions for African-American smokers of low SES.
Blue Gene/L programming and operating environment

With up to 65,536 compute nodes and a peak performance of more than 360 teraflops, the Blue Gene®/L (BG/L) supercomputer represents a new level of massively parallel systems. The system software stack for BG/L creates a programming and operating environment that harnesses the raw power of this architecture with great effectiveness. The design and implementation of this environment followed three major principles: simplicity, performance, and familiarity. By specializing the services provided by each component of the system architecture, we were able to keep each one simple and leverage the BG/L hardware features to deliver high performance to applications. We also implemented standard programming interfaces and programming languages that greatly simplified the job of porting applications to BG/L. The effectiveness of our approach has been demonstrated by the operational success of several prototype and production machines, which have already been scaled to 16,384 nodes.
Impact of the Southern Annular Mode on Southern Ocean circulation and biology

[1] We investigate the impact of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on surface wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and surface chlorophyll concentration on intraseasonal to interannual timescales in the Southern Ocean using 8-day average satellite observations. Positive phases of the SAM are associated with enhanced westerly winds over the Antarctic Zone (AZ) and Polar Frontal Zone, driving increased equatorward Ekman transport and cold SST anomalies in these regions. Positive SAM is also associated with easterly wind and warm SST anomalies in the Subtropical Zone. South of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), chlorophyll concentration anomalies are positively correlated with the SAM, however this correlation is negative north of the APF. We suggest that the positive correlation in the AZ is due to the increased supply of iron by upwelling, while the negative correlation north of the APF is caused by stronger light limitation as a consequence of deeper mixed layers.
Application of Time-Accurate CFD in Order to Account for Blade-Row Interactions and Distortion Transfer in the Design of High Performance Military Fans and Compressors

The application of Computational Science and Engineering to the design and analysis of high performance military fans and compressors makes it possible to explicitly account for unsteady flow effects. During this first year of Challenge Project C1I, simulations have been accomplished for three different components: an AFRL research rig, a GE VAATE core compressor, and a GE military fan. These simulations are being used to investigate how blade row interactions and distortion transfer impact fan and compressor performance. Challenges to performing such large simulations have been identified and an efficient methodology for setting-up, running, and post-processing the simulations has been developed. Simulations accomplished through this Challenge Project have produced improved geometric, physical, and numerical fidelity results than previously possible, allowing the design of next generation engines to achieve unprecedented performance.
Solid polymers doped with rare earth metal salts. I. Complex formation and morphology in the neodymium chloride-poly(ethylene oxide) system

IR spectroscopy unequivocally demonstrates complex formation. The NdCl 3 -PEO complex is found to be highly hygroscopic, thereby permitting, under anhydrous conditions the resultant complex is amorphous at an EO/NdCl 3 ratio approximately less than ca. 8; above this critical value the PEO in excess of the stoichiometric ratio required for complexation trends to form a separate crystalline phase. Water was found to compete with the ethylene oxide unit for complexation with Nd 3+ , resulting in phase-separated PEO with a tendency toward crystallinity. The glass transition temperature of the complex is found to increase sigmoidally with the NdCl 3 content
A manufacturing driven 'real-time statistical process control' implementation model

The philosophy of SPC (statistical process control) implementation embraced by the IBM, Essex Junction, photomask facility is highlighted. The philosophy, though progressive, complements the overall IBM goal of manufacturing workstation ownership. The following requirements of the model are discussed: SPC must be performed in real time; data must be plotted and analyzed by the manufacturing operator immediately upon availability; SPC must be owned and driven by the operators who use it, not by remote engineering groups; and the role of the operator must be redefined and upgraded to include aspects of data analysis via SPC techniques which have historically been reserved for engineers. It is noted that the above concepts have been implemented by IBM's Essex Junction photomask facility with great success. All operators received a minimum of 18 hours of SPC training. The training was enthusiastically received; 92% of all operators rated the course as excellent. More than 500 statistically valid control charts now permeate the manufacturing line and are being used by the machine operators with excellent results. Examples of yield savings and other quality improvements achieved through increased tool and process control are presented. >
Velocity occupancy space: autonomous navigation in an uncertain, dynamic environment

In order to autonomously navigate in an unknown environment, a robotic vehicle must be able to sense obstacles, determine their velocities, and select a collision-free path that will lead quickly to a goal. However, the perceived location and motion of the obstacles will be uncertain due to the limited accuracy of the robot's sensors. Thus, it is necessary to develop a system that can avoid moving obstacles using uncertain sensor data. The method proposed here is based on an occupancy grid - which has been used to avoid stationary obstacles in an uncertain environment - in conjunction with velocity obstacles - which allow a robot to avoid well-known moving obstacles. The combination of these techniques leads to Velocity Occupancy Space (VOS): a search space which allows the robot to avoid moving obstacles and navigate efficiently to a goal using uncertain sensor data. The proposed method is validated by numerous simulation trials.
The Surgical Management of the Lid Changes of Graves' Disease

There are three areas of surgical intervention available to patients with the eye changes of Graves' disease-lids, extraocular muscles, and orbital decompression. The lid changes may be managed by lateral tarsorrhaphy, levator tenotomy, recession of the levator with or without graft, "tenotomy" of the retractors of the lower lid, or recession with graft. The success of these procedures is dependent on proper patient selection and surgical execution, and when these are achieved, definite benefits result.
A behavioural intervention to reduce persistence of bacterial vaginosis among women who report sex with women: results of a randomised trial.

Objectives Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is common in lesbians, and treatment fails in up to 28%. Risks include sexual behaviours that transmit vaginal fluid. The authors measured efficacy of a behavioural intervention to reduce sexual transfer of vaginal fluid between female sex partners in reducing BV persistence. Methods Women aged 16–35 years with BV who reported sex with women (prior year) were eligible. Participants were randomised to intervention (motivational interviewing designed to reduce sharing of vaginal fluid on hands or sex toys post-treatment, by provision of condoms, gloves and water-based lubricant) or control (general STI education) arms. All were treated with vaginal metronidazole and underwent computer-assisted self-interview to ascertain sexual behaviours, with test-of-cure at 30 days. Results Of 129 women with BV, 108 (84%) were eligible; 89 (69%) agreed to enrol. 43 were randomised to control and 46 to intervention; 81 (91%) returned for test-of-cure. BV persisted in 12 (27.9%) of 43 women in intervention and 8 (21.1%) of 38 women in control arms (p1/40.6). Digital-vaginal sex was common post-treatment (50% intervention and 68% control); women randomised to the intervention were less likely to report receptive digital-vaginal sex without gloves than control (31% vs 61%; p1/40.01), without reported lower frequency of other sexual practices. Shared vaginal use of sex toys was infrequent. Conclusions Although the intervention effected a significant increase in glove use during digital-vaginal sex post-BV treatment, this was not associated with reduction in BV persistence. Shared use of vaginal sex toys was infrequent, suggesting that other mechanisms promote BV in lesbians.
A Multi-Scale Mechanistic Model for Actin-Propelled Bacteria

Some invasive bacterial pathogens propel themselves intracellularly by hijacking the host cell’s actin assembly machinery to polymerize actin filaments into a dense “comet tail” network of filamentous actin. The bacterium is propelled forward as new actin monomers incorporate into filament ends positioned at the bacterial surface. How the bacterium remains firmly attached to the elongating end of the actin tail during propulsion remains a central question in actin-based motility. Here, a mechanistic model, based on the filament end-tracking motor (“actoclampin”) hypothesis, is proposed to explain some emergent features of actin-based propulsion, including the alignment of filaments with the direction of motion, rotation about the axis of motion, and helical trajectories. Simulation of the model shows that these features should arise naturally from diffusion-limited elongation of an ensemble of filaments that are strongly anchored at their elongating ends to the bacterial surface by end-tracking proteins. These results suggest that a persistent torsion and curvature of the actin comet tail does not require a filament torque (created by insertional elongation of helical filaments), although a small right-handed filament torque is sufficient to ensure symmetry breaking toward a right-handed torsion.
Accommodation to static chromatic simulations of blurred retinal images.

The eye's longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) is known to drive 'reflex' accommodation to moving objects, but the evidence is not as clear for stationary objects. The present study examined whether accommodation can be driven by static simulations of the effects of defocus and LCA. Accommodation was recorded continuously while each of 12 subjects viewed images (through a 0.75 mm pinhole) that simulated the appearances of blurred sine wave gratings (3.9 c.p.d.). In two experimental conditions, an eye with normal LCA was assumed and defocus of +1 D or -1 D was simulated. In a control condition, an eye with neutralised LCA was assumed and target defocus of 1 D was simulated. Subjects' accommodation responses were consistent with the hypothesis that LCA provides a stimulus to accommodation. Chromatic aberration drives accommodation to both moving and stationary objects, and thus is an important stimulus for accommodation in everyday situations. The study findings are discussed in relation to colour vision, visual display terminals and emmetropization.
Third World at Home: Social Banditry as Metaphor for Urban Grassroots Leaders in A U.S. Midwestern City

Social Banditry Offers a useful metaphor for urban grassroots leaders in an enclaved working class community in the mid western United States. Bandits operate at the borders of social strata, at times teetering precariously on the edges of the communities and classes of which they are a part, and the power structures with which they must deal. The urban hegemonic system views the local leaders and their communities as belonging to the third world—that is, as foreign, mysterious and dangerous. At the same time, the local elites exhibit practices of noblesse oblige towards the poor and marginal who live in the city, but are not of it. [U.S., grassroots leaders, hegemony and marginality]
Cell cycle-dependent variations in protein concentration

Computational modeling of biological systems has become an effective tool for analyzing cellular behavior and for elucidating key properties of the intricate networks that underlie experimental observations. While most modeling techniques rely heavily on the concentrations of intracellular molecules, little attention has been paid to tracking and simulating the significant volume fluctuations that occur over each cell division cycle. Here, we use fluorescence microscopy to acquire single cell volume trajectories for a large population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Using this data, we generate a comprehensive set of statistics that govern the growth and division of these cells over many generations, and we discover several interesting trends in their size, growth and protein production characteristics. We use these statistics to develop an accurate model of cell cycle volume dynamics, starting at cell birth. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of tracking volume fluctuations by combining cell division dynamics with a minimal gene expression model for a constitutively expressed fluorescent protein. The significant oscillations in the cellular concentration of a stable, highly expressed protein mimic the observed experimental trajectories and demonstrate the fundamental impact that the cell cycle has on cellular functions.
SiNUCA: A Validated Micro-Architecture Simulator

In order to observe and understand the architectural behavior of applications and evaluate new techniques, computer architects often use simulation tools. Several cycle-accurate simulators have been proposed to simulate the operation of the processor on the micro-architectural level. However, an important step before adopting a simulator is its validation, in order to determine how accurate the simulator is compared to a real machine. This validation step is often neglected with the argument that only the industry possesses the implementation details of the architectural components. The lack of publicly available micro-benchmarks that are capable of providing insights about the processor implementation is another barrier. In this paper, we present the validation of a new cycle-accurate, trace-driven simulator, SiNUCA. To perform the validation, we introduce a new set of micro-benchmarks to evaluate the performance of architectural components. SiNUCA provides a controlled environment to simulate the micro-architecture inside the cores, the cache memory sub-system with multi-banked caches, a NoC interconnection and a detailed memory controller. Using our micro-benchmarks, we present a simulation validation comparing the performance of real Core 2 Duo and Sandy-Bridge processors, achieving an average performance error of less than 9%.
Professional Nurses Roles in Clinical Research

AbstractThis article attempts to examine professional nurses' roles in clinical research. Factors effecting the role components of both traditional and emerging positions are discussed. Concluding comments focus on an important ethical consideration for all nurses involved in clinical research.
FRACTURES OF THE TIBIAL CONDYLES

Sixty-one fractures of the tibial condyles have been reviewed with special reference to the end results in relation to type of fracture and treatment in thirty-three cases. The following conclusions were demonstrated: 1 . Operative replacement of the depressed or fractured condyle is seldom necessary except in cases of extreme displacement, as satisfactory functional results are obtained even when considerable irregularity of the condylar tables persists. 2. Lateral instability of the knee joint is a temporary phenomenon in most of these cases, and decreases gradually during the recovery period. It cannot be considered permanent until the end of one year, and, per se , requires no treatment. 3. A slight valgus or varus deformity or even slight lateral instability is not incompatible with excellent function of the extremity, and the deformity does not progress. 4. Plaster or brace immobilization must be maintained until roentgenograms show evidence of satisfactory union. In most instances, six to seven weeks is sufficient. Prolonged immobilization detracts from the freedom of the joint and is unnecessary as a preventative of deformity.
Overcoming stiction forces with resonant over-travel stops

This paper reports, for the first time, over-travel stops actively driven into resonance to help overcome stiction forces between contacting silicon surfaces. By resonating over-travel stops during contact with proof masses, we show that effective adhesion forces are decreased by over 60% compared to cases with static bump stops. Furthermore, by monitoring shift in resonant frequency during contact, we present a novel way to determine adhesion forces, even within fully encapsulated devices, where other measurement methods are unavailable.
A Novel Structured Format for Engaging Pharmacy Students in Bioethics Discussions.

Objective: To describe an active, structured ethics/professionalism discussion format developed for an elective course titled Ethics and Professionalism in Pharmacy. Design: The format uses the acronym ETHICS (Evaluate, Teach, Hear, Interview, Concede, Self-reflect). Before class, students evaluated (Evaluate) literature pertaining to ethics/professionalism topics. Class consisted of faculty-led ethics/professionalism lecture (Teach), student-driven, case discussion, and online self-reflection. Guided by Hear, Interview, and Concede, groups addressed cases from stakeholder perspectives (patient, pharmacist, etc.) considering ethical rules and principles. At the end of class, students answered self-reflection questions. Precourse and postcourse surveys evaluated the impact on students’ perceptions of ethical and professional tenets. Assessment: The format allowed students to actively engage in ethics/professionalism discussions, transforming class into an interactive, structured, student-centered session with self-reflection. Conclusion: The format allowed application of concepts to controversial situations. Although the format was created for a pharmacy elective, it is adaptable to any teaching situation.
A Parametric and Physics-Based Approach to Structural Weight Estimation of the Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft

Estimating the structural weight of a Hybrid Wing Body (HWB) aircraft during conceptual design has proven to be a significant challenge due to its unconventional configuration. Many of the tools and methods typically employed for this task are inadequate since they are derived from historical data generated by decades of tube-and-wing style construction. Therefore, a physics-based multidisciplinary analysis and weight optimization environment was developed for the purpose of structural weight estimation of the HWB using a parameterization consistent with the conceptual design phase. The environment was calibrated with a Boeing HWB sizing study and validated using conventional wing case studies. A trade study was also performed to the set of identify input parameters that most greatly contributed to the variability of the structural weight. Since the environment requires lengthy computational times, the results of the parameter investigation were used to generate more computationally efficient approximation equations of the HWB structural weight to be utilized during the initial aircraft sizing process.
Design of rolling code encrypting transmitter-receiver based on singlechip

Based on MCS-51 single chip and FX224 sound signal encrypting chip, the design of rolling code encrypting transmitter-re-ceiver, the principle of synchronization of code decrypting and the creating of m sequence encrypting code were introduced. Then therolling code encrypting of transmitter-receiver was realized from software to hardware. Meanwhile, the hardware of encrypting and de-crypting could be designed as a chip, which could be applied into various communication system to realize the encrypting and decryptingof audio channel of communication system conveniently.
Social-aware data dissemination service in mobile social network with controlled overhead

Abstract The popularity of Mobile Social Networks (MSNs) paves a way for mobile users to download or view their interested contents not only from access points of Internet but also from other mobile users through short-range radio communications like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Through communications between users in MSNs, the bandwidth of short-range communications can be better utilized and relieve the stress on the bandwidth of cellular network. However, due to intermittent connectivity in MSNs, nodes in MSNs can only forward messages opportunistically. Therefore, how to disseminate data accurately and efficiently turns out as a challenging problem. Most previous works focus more on increasing delivery ratio while paying less attention on reducing overhead measures the number of copies that are stored and spread by relay nodes that are not interested at all in the contents. Note that high data dissemination ratio is usually accompanied by high and uncontrolled overhead, resulting in heavy storage burden on the nodes in MSNs and low quality of data dissemination. This motivates us to propose a new data dissemination scheme to maximize data dissemination ratio with controlled overhead. And more specifically, with given limitation on the overhead of spreading the messages, we design a new data dissemination scheme to maximize data dissemination ratio. In our data dissemination scheme, a time-homogeneous Markov model is designed to analyze the interest transitions of every node’s neighbors to decide when to forward the message and which node is chosen to forward the message further. Furthermore, two utility functions are investigated to evaluate the service ability of nodes for each kind of interest among the messages. The experimental results on simulated and real datasets demonstrate that our new scheme can outperform existing protocols with higher delivery ratio and lower delivery latency under controlled overheads.
Spatial order through the family: the regulation of urban space in Singapore

ABSTRACTThis article examines the regulation of urban public space through a study of the role of the family unit in past and present urban development in Singapore. Since the founding of modern Singapore 50 years ago, the nuclear family has remained the preferred social institution for state policies and subsequent regulation of education, housing, employment, health, leisure, social welfare and even neighborhood development. Drawing on primary government documents and field work and interviews with current and displaced small business owners on a commercial street in Chinatown, the article demonstrates how a “softer” version of spatial regulation emerged from an intersection of state commercial development policies that favored small, family-owned businesses and the extension of a family-based moral social order applied to the surrounding public spaces. The result is the regulation of Chinatown’s streets and sidewalks became inextricably bound up with the everyday operations of family-run businesses. Mo...
Orthotopic Ureteroceles in Children

AbstractExperience with 20 simple ureteroceles in 18 children is reviewed. In most cases hydroureteronephrosis of various grades of severity was present. In 5 cases the related kidney was nonfunctioning. The ureterocele generally is seen on excretory urography, either as a positive cobrahead dilatation or as a negative filling defect in the cystogram when renal function is impaired. Cystoscopy is diagnostic but confusion may occur when a lax ureterocele is compressed and emptied or even everted by a high intravesical pressure. Expectant management is warranted in the absence of upper tract dilatation but operative intervention is needed in most cases. Nephroureterectomy may be unavoidable if the kidney is afunctional. Simple unroofing or incision of the ureterocele is followed by vesicoureteral reflux and ascending infection. The preferred technique is total excision of the ureterocele and reimplantation of the ureter into the bladder by an antireflux technique.
Medieval Russia, 980–1584: Muscovite domestic consolidation

From the reign of Vasily II through that of Vasily III, Muscovy steadily expanded its territory and the Muscovite princes asserted their authority over the annexed principalities. These processes were encouraged and justified by various theoretical principles that not only legitimized the right of the Muscovite line of princes to rule but also justified their enhanced powers. The powers ascribed to the grand princes were portrayed in the familiar ceremonial imagery and literary terminology drawn from Byzantine models and Orthodox religious texts. The theories that described grand princely authority thus reflected Muscovy's Byzantine cultural heritage. But the political system within which the Muscovite grand princes actually functioned was not Byzantine. It was built upon and shaped by economic resources available to the lands within Muscovy. It was created from and fashioned around social and political groups indigenous to Rusˈ society. It was constructed to address the problems posed by rapid expansion, to consolidate Muscovite rule in newly acquired lands, to administer and defend them, and to integrate them into a single cohesive state. As Muscovite princes and advisers confronted such issues, they drew upon not only Byzantine concepts but also the experience and examples of other neighbors, most prominently the Tatars, to design and organize gradually a political and administrative apparatus to govern the unified centralized state of Muscovy.
Programmable materials based on periodic cellular solids. Part II: Numerical analysis

Abstract A detailed numerical investigation of the programmable materials presented in part I is conducted in this study. The influence of defects and exogenous factors on the programmability of samples from two different programmable cellular material systems is investigated through finite element simulations. The defects studied here are representative of those present in the samples that were tested in the companion paper. These include non-uniform cell wall thicknesses, missing cell walls, misaligned cell walls and fillets at the cell wall junctions. Exogenous factors such as the sample size, friction at the sample boundaries and the strain rate sensitivity of the base material are also included in this study. We base our studies on the analysis of the change of the effective initial modulus on each programmed configuration of both material systems due to these factors. The investigation demonstrates that even in the presence of defects and exogenous factors, programming remains a robust way of modifying the effective initial modulus of programmable cellular materials over a wide range without requiring reprocessing of the material. However, the programmability and the susceptibility to various contributing factors vary with the base material, type of programmed imperfection and the nature of the original cellular solid.
In-Situ Sensing of Deformation and Damage in Nanocomposite Bonded Surrogate Energetic Materials

The current work aims to explore the potential for in-situ structural health monitoring in polymer bonded energetic materials through the introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the binder phase as a means to establish a significant piezoresistive response through the resulting nanocomposite binder. The experimental effort herein is focused towards electro-mechanical characterization of surrogate materials in place of actual energetic (explosive) materials in order to provide proof of concept for the strain and damage sensing. The electrical conductivity and the piezoresistive behavior of samples containing randomly oriented MWNTs introduced into the epoxy (EPON 862) binder of 70 wt% ammonium perchlorate-epoxy hybrid composites are quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. Brittle failure going through linear elastic behavior, formation of microcracks leading to reduction in composite load carrying capacity and finally macrocracks resulting in eventual failure are observed in the mechanical response of MWNT-ammonium perchlorate-epoxy hybrid composites. Incorporating MWNTs into local polymer binder improves the effective stiffness about 42 % compared to neat ammonium perchlorate-polymer samples. The real time in-situ relative change in resistance for MWNT hybrid composites captured low values of applied strains less than 0.2 %.
Acid-base variables during incremental exercise in sprint-trained horses fed a high-fat diet

Seven Arabian horses performed a standard incremental exercise test on a high-speed treadmill at 6% slope then were randomly assigned to two diets, a control diet of ground hay and concentrates and a similar diet with 10% added fat (by weight). Horses were sprint-trained 4 d/wk, and two additional exercise tests were performed at 5-wk intervals. Heart rates and rectal temperatures were monitored and venous blood samples were collected at rest and at each speed increment. Whole blood was analyzed for glucose, lactate, and hemoglobin concentrations, and plasma was analyzed for pH, pCO2, albumin, total protein, and sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations. Bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]) and strong ion difference ([SID]) were calculated, and total weak acid ([Atot]) was estimated from total protein. During exercise, there were increases in plasma sodium and potassium concentrations (P < .001), whole blood lactate and glucose (P < .001), and hemoglobin concentrations (P < .01). There were decreases in plasma pH, [HCO3-], and chloride concentrations (P < .001). The decrease in plasma pH was associated with changes in [SID] and [Atot] that combined to offset a decrease in pCO2. After sprint training, heart rates at rest and during submaximal exercise were decreased (P < .01), whereas heart rates at the end of exercise were increased (P < .05). Sprint training also increased workrate and estimated oxygen consumption at a heart rate of 200 beats/min (P < .001). Training increased the duration of exercise and the speed attained at the end of exercise (P < .05). Training increased the blood hemoglobin response to exercise and decreased the pCO2 response (P < .01). There were diet x training interactions for pH, pCO2, and [SID] (P < .05). Horses consuming the high-fat diet had higher blood glucose during both standard exercise tests and higher lactate concentrations at fatigue (P < .05) during the last test. Fat adaptation involving sprint training of horses may influence glucolysis at the level of pyruvate during an incremental exercise test.
INVITED EDITORIAL COMMENT: Factors—Theory, Statistics, and Practice

1. Stephen A. Ross 1. is the Franco Modigliani Professor of Financial Economics at MIT Sloan School of Management and managing partner at Ross, Jeffrey & Antle LLC (RJA). (sross{at}mit.edu) We’re in the middle of a frenzy of factor-focused investing. It seems as though every other article
Accountability, Ethics, and Policy Implementation within Public and Private Sector Contracts for Public Goods and Services: Credit Bureaus as a Public Good

American public administration as a whole is based on the United States Constitution and historical founding eras. As for public administration, it is based on constitutional, democratic, political, and administrative values. “The American founders gave us a constitutional system that embraces contending principles of good republican governance” (Morgan, 2013, p. 85). Public administration deals with, the constitution, federalism, anti-federalist, and founding eras. Often the question of opportunistic federalism arises when the anti-federalist approach is considered when addressing the implementation of more decentralized government. Decentralized government also includes contracting out public goods and services.
Integrated package design: an interdisciplinary approach to package design that benefits consumer experience and brand perception

It is perplexing that Package Design has traditionally been taught as a course isolated in either Graphic or Industrial Design programs. To develop a truly unified brand narrative, package design n...
Cesium-133 Neutron Capture Cross Section

The 133Cs(n,γ) cross section was measured at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator from 2.66 to 600 keV with 3 to 4% uncertainty. Individual resonance parameters were determined by least-square...
Linear Minimum Variance Estimation

After wading through all the technical details of Chapter 4, it is probably wise to refresh ourselves in terms of minimum variance estimation. At the end of Chapter 3, our status could be described as follows.
Pilot trial of cognitive and behavioral treatment for hoarding disorder delivered via webcam: Feasibility and preliminary outcomes

Abstract Individual office-based cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for hoarding disorder (HD) has demonstrated clear improvement in symptoms, although the extent of gains, length of treatment and lack of trained clinicians remain problematic. The current pilot study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a home-based CBT delivered individually via webcam (CBT-W) technology for seven adults with HD. Three clients received weekly CBT-W over an average of 35 weeks and four received more intensive treatment that averaged 23 weeks. Standard measures of hoarding severity were collected at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Acceptability and feasibility of treatment were demonstrated in client interest to enter CBT-W, good attendance at scheduled therapy sessions, high completion rates of assessments and treatment, strong therapeutic alliance ratings, and reported comfort with the use of technology during the therapy sessions. Most clients showed gains immediately following CBT-W, and two were clinically significantly improved. Self-reported follow-up assessments showed generally stable outcomes. Webcam and internet technology may increase access to empirically supported treatment for hoarding and reduce clinician time and costs of CBT through in-home delivery. Research on larger samples is needed to determine overall efficacy and durability of CBT-W and to examine factors that affect outcomes.
Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with circulating inflammatory cytokines in autoantibody positive first-degree relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Author(s): Hughes-Austin, Jan M; Deane, Kevin D; Giles, Jon T; Derber, Lezlie A; Zerbe, Gary O; Dabelea, Dana M; Sokolove, Jeremy; Robinson, William H; Holers, V Michael; Norris, Jill M | Abstract: BACKGROUND:Extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), potentially due to systemic inflammation, include cardiovascular disease and sarcopenic obesity. Adiponectin, an adipose-derived cytokine, has been implicated in inflammatory processes in RA, but little is known regarding its association with inflammation in a pre-clinical period. Therefore, we investigated whether adiponectin was associated with inflammatory markers in individuals at risk for RA, and whether RA-related autoimmunity modifies these associations. METHODS:We analyzed samples from 144 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of RA probands, of whom 23 were positive for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and/or ≥ 2 rheumatoid factor isotypes (IgM, IgG or IgA). We called this phenotype the 'high risk autoantibody profile (HRP)' as it has been shown in prior work to be g96% specific for future RA. We measured adiponectin, cytokines, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Using linear mixed effects models, we evaluated interaction between HRP positivity and adiponectin on inflammatory markers, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, pack-years smoking, and use of cholesterol-lowering medications. RESULTS:In everyone, adiponectin concentration was inversely associated with hsCRP and IL-1β in adjusted models, where a 1% higher adiponectin was associated with a 26% lower hsCRP (p = 0.04) and a 26% lower IL-1β (p = 0.04). Significant interactions between HRP and adiponectin for associations with GM-CSF, IL-6, and IL-9 were detected in fully adjusted models (p = 0.0006, p = 0.006, p = 0.01, respectively). In HRP positive FDRs but not HRP negative FDRs, a 1% higher adiponectin was associated with 97% higher GM-CSF, 73% higher IL-6, and 54% higher IL-9 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS:Adiponectin associates with inflammatory markers, and these associations differ in individuals with a high-risk autoantibody profile compared with those without. The interaction between adiponectin and autoimmunity warrants further investigation into the potential systemic effects of RA-related autoantibodies and adiponectin on inflammation in the absence of clinically apparent RA.
Complications Specific to Lumboperitoneal Shunt

For the past half-century, the lumboperitoneal shunt (LP shunt) has been the leading surgical treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). More recently in Japan, this procedure has been offered in the management of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH). In some institutions, the LP shunt comprises up to 40 % of all cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting. One of the reasons that LP shunt is used when treating patients with IIH is because it is difficult to place a ventricular catheter in ventricles that are usually small, in this condition. Furthermore, the avoidance of an intracranial procedure with LP shunt spares the small risk of intracranial hemorrhage while passing a catheter through the brain parenchyma. It is to be remembered, however, that given the pathogenetic mechanism of IIH, LP shunt and optic nerve fenestration (ONF) are symptomatic treatment while reducing patients weight (diet, bariatric surgery, etc.) and/or dural sinus stenting intervene on the cause itself of IIH and therefore should be offered first.
EMP Radiation and Protective Techniques

(1977). EMP Radiation and Protective Techniques. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 903-903.
A First-Order Radiative Transfer Model for Global Soil Moisture Retrievals Under Vegetation Canopies

SMAP and SMOS missions estimate soil moisture using a zeroth-order radiative transfer model, the τ-ω model. Its simplifying assumption of a weakly scattering vegetation medium is insufficient in the presence of woody biomass, greater than 30% of the land surface. Here, a simplified first-order radiative transfer equation for use in retrieval algorithms is proposed. The inclusion of first-order scattering increases sensitivity to soil moisture especially for wet surfaces. The recently developed multi-temporal dual channel algorithm (MT-DCA) is implemented over Africa using both the τ-ωmodel and the proposed first-order equation with SMAP 36 km gridded brightness temperature measurements as inputs. The algorithm finds large changes in soil moisture mean and standard deviation in areas with woody vegetation and little change elsewhere. This implies that inclusion of first-order scattering can significantly change mean soil moisture retrievals and increase their temporal variability in regions with woody biomass.
Preprocedural checklist for regional anesthesia: impact on the incidence of wrong site nerve blockade (an 8-year perspective)

Background The term “Wrong-Site Surgery (WSS)” is commonly associated with surgical procedures; however, The Joint Commission (TJC) considers any invasive procedure, not just a surgical procedure, performed on the wrong side, at the wrong site, or on the wrong patient to be a WSS. For anesthesia providers, this means that a wrong-site nerve block (WSNB) also constitutes a WSS and would be considered a sentinel event by TJC. In an attempt to combat WSNB, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine published guidelines in 2014 recommending the use of a preprocedural checklist before performing regional blocks. The effectiveness of such a checklist, however, to reduce the occurrence of WSNB has not yet been demonstrated. We hypothesized that the introduction of a preprocedural checklist specific for regional anesthesia would be associated with a lower rate of WSNB procedures. Methods A retrospective review was performed to compare the incidence of WSNB 2 years before, to 6 years after the implementation of a preprocedural checklist specific to regional anesthesia. Results Prior to checklist implementation, 4 WSNB events occurred during 10 123 procedures (3.95 per 10 000 (95% CI 1.26 to 9.53). Following implementation, WSNB events occurred during 35 890 procedures (0 per 10 000 (95% CI 0 to 0.84)); p=0.0023. Conclusions Implementation of a regional anesthesia specific preprocedural checklist was associated with a significantly lower incidence of WSNB procedures. While prospective controlled studies would be required to demonstrate causation, this study suggests that for regional anesthesia procedures, a preprocedural checklist may positively impact patient safety.
A Machine Learning Approach for Line Outage Identification in Power Systems

This paper addresses power line topology change detection by using only measurement data. As Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) become widely deployed, power system monitoring and real-time analysis can take advantage of the large amount of data provided by PMUs and leverage the advances in big data analytics. In this paper, we develop practical analytics that are not tightly coupled with the power flow analysis and state estimation, as these tasks require detailed and accurate information about the power system. We focus on power line outage identification, and use a machine learning framework to locate the outage(s). The same framework is used for both single line outage identification and multiple line outage identification. We first compute the features that are essential to capture the dynamic characteristics of the power system when the topology change happens, transform the time-domain data to frequency-domain, and then train the algorithms for the prediction of line outage based on frequency domain features. The proposed method uses only voltage phasor angles obtained by continuous monitoring of buses. The proposed method is tested by simulated PMU data from PSAT [1], and the prediction accuracy is comparable to the previous work that involves solving power flow equations or state estimation equations.
The Law of the Horse at 20: Phases of the Net

The Internet moves in phases, and we are entering the third in 20 years. In this keynote, using a framework drawn from the Law of the Horse [1], I describe the phase we are entering - the surveillance phase - and the threat it presents to society generally, and democracy in particular. Along the way, I offer an understanding of the Net circa 1999, and the phase that followed it, circa 2009. At each stage, our inability to govern has been a significant liability. In the phase we are entering, it will be devastating.
Anticoagulation for the Long-term Treatment of VTE in Patients with Cancer.

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), vitamin K antagonists, and direct oral anticoagulants, when used to prevent recurrent VTE, have a similar impact on all-cause mortality.
Independence properties in subalgebras of ultraproduct II1 factors

Let Mn be a sequence of finite factors with dim(Mn)→∞ and denote by M=∏ωMn their ultraproduct over a free ultrafilter ω. We prove that if Q⊂M is either an ultraproduct Q=∏ωQn of subalgebras Qn⊂Mn, with Qn⊀MnQn′∩Mn, ∀n, or the centralizer Q=B′∩M of a separable amenable ⁎-subalgebra B⊂M, then for any separable subspace X⊂M⊖(Q′∩M), there exists a diffuse abelian von Neumann subalgebra in Q which is free independent to X, relative to Q′∩M. Some related independence properties for subalgebras in ultraproduct II1 factors are also discussed.
Octametallic Cluster of Cp*Ir(glycinato) Cations

Removal of chloride from Cp*Ir(glycinato)Cl in noncoordinating solvents with Ag[PF6] or Tl[PF6] leads to the formation of a closed octametallic loop of cations. The same loop also sequesters a number of PF6– counter anions. This is in contrast with reports that piano-stool complexes with amino acids form only trimetallic [Cp*Ir(aminoacidato)]33+ moieties upon creating the cation. Cp*Ir(glycinato)Cl also forms a trimetallic compound as well as a octametallic compound, and the octametallic vs trimetallic formation appears to be dependent on the anion. The synthesis and characterization of the octametallic complex, as well as some monometallic and trimetallic compounds, are reported, including the X-ray crystal structures.