cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Physical Activity as a Luxury”: African American Women’s Attitudes Toward Physical Activity

The purpose of this study was to explore African American midlife women’s attitudes toward physical activity. Using a feminist perspective, a 6-month online forum was conducted with 21 African American midlife women recruited on the Internet. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: (a) culturally acceptable body, (b) missed opportunity to learn, (c) physical activity as a luxury, and (d) want to do by myself. The women had positive body images regardless of their actual weight. The women considered physical activity “a luxury” in their busy lives and thought that they had already missed opportunities to learn. The women wanted to participate in physical activities alone because of their bad childhood experiences and hesitance to go out in public with sweaty, messy hair. The findings suggested that unique programs that promote physical activity should be developed that consider the women’s ethnic-specific attitudes.
On Modeling In Behavioral Accounting Research

There is a sufficiently significant consistent body of knowledge to be modeled. This research seeks to provide a more complete foundation to the current models while also providing a more unified explanation to a wider range of empirical results.
Perpendicular edge oriented graphene foam supporting orthogonal TiO2(B) nanosheets as freestanding electrode for lithium ion battery

Abstract We report three-dimensional (3D) freestanding electrodes based on edge-oriented multilayer graphene (EOG) foam loaded with oriented TiO2 (B) nanosheets for lithium ion battery that exhibits large capacity and extremely long cycling stability. In contrast to the commonly reported graphene/graphite foams (GFs) that consist of lateral graphene/graphite sheets, EOG foam, with perpendicular graphene network to fully expose the chemically active graphene edges, was developed as a better scaffold to support active materials. Orthogonally oriented TiO2(B) nanosheets were densely grown on the EOG foam but had straight channels for facile electrolyte access, thus producing a rationally-designed nanostructured architecture. Such a TiO2(B)/EOG freestanding electrode demonstrated large capacities and high-rate performance. Particularly, it exhibited unprecedented cycling stability with capacity retention of 82% after 12,000 charge–discharge (C–D) cycles. It is expected this new electrode architecture as well as the EOG foam will find broad applications in further development of high performance lithium ion batteries and other electrochemical energy technologies.
Chromosomes as Mechanical Objects: Commonalities from Bacteria to Mammalian Cells

Chromosomes govern cellular activities via gene expression readouts. Chromosome duplication and segregation underlie the ability of cells to reproduce themselves. We consider chromosomes as mechanical objects on micron and sub-micron length scales.We have examined the chromosome of the bacterium E.coli, mammalian chromosomes progressing through the mitotic cell cycle, and fungal and nematode chromosomes undergoing the specialized program of meiosis (References 1-4). In all of these situations, we identify global cycles of chromosome compaction and expansion. These cycles occur in defined temporal relationship to basic events of the ongoing chromosomal program. Several lines of evidence suggest that compact states represent situations in which the DNA/chromatin fiber (or its bacterial equivalent) is highly constrained due to protein-mediated and topological tethers and is therefore in a high energy, mechanically-stressed state. Expansion, via release of these tethers, results in a lower energy state, with the released energy used to promote programmed chromosomal changes. We refer to this phenomenon as compaction/expansion “stress cycling”.Commonalities among different systems further suggest that these cycles comprise a primordial “cell cycle engine” which, in an early membrane-enclosed DNA-based cell, could promote both sister segregation and cell division. Such cycling would have predated and permit evolution of the cyclin/CDK cell cycle engine, with which it would now function in coordinated linkage.These considerations provide a rich starting point for diverse future studies.1 Kleckner N et al., (2004) PNAS 101: 12592-12597. A mechanical basis for chromosome function.2 Fisher JK et al. (2013) Cell 153:882-95. Four-dimensional imaging of E.coli nucleoid organization and dynamics in living cells.3 Liang Z et al. (2015) Cell 161:1124-1137. Chromosomes progress to metaphase in multiple discrete steps via global compaction/expansion cycles.4 Zhang L et al. (2014) Nature 511:551-556.Topoisomerase II mediates meiotic crossover interference.
The Partial Fraction Decomposition of a Rational Function

(1972). The Partial Fraction Decomposition of a Rational Function. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 117-119.
Effect on growth but not on chromosomes of the mammalian cells after treatment with three organophosphorus insecticides.

SummaryGrowth of three human hematopoietic cell lines was inhibited by the treatment of any one of the three organophos–phorus insecticides used, namely malathion, DI–syston and methyl parathion. Cell growth usually resumed the normal rate after removal of the medium containing the insecticide. Chromosome studies in cultures treated with any one of the insecticides did not show an increase in the incidence of metaphases with chromosome aberrations compared with negative controls. Cultures were treated with a known chromosome breaking agent, methyl methanesulfonate, to serve as a positive control. An inhibition of cell growth and high incidence of chromosome aberrations was observed in these cultures. Methyl parathion was injected into ICR mice at several dose levels and the animals were sacrificed for examination after 24 hr. No increase in incidence of cells with chromosome aberrations was found in the bone marrow.
Measurements of H2O and temperature in high-pressure environments using near-IR diode-laser absorption

We report preliminary results in the development of a fixed-wavelength technique based on diode-laser absorption to measure H2O concentration and temperature in high-pressure environments. A pair of InGaAsP diode lasers were used to simultaneously record H2O absorbances at 7185.58 and 7117.45 cm" in mixtures of H2O and N2 at pressures up to 10 atm and temperatures up to 473 K. The molefractions and temperatures inferred using the laser-based method were in good agreement with those determined from pressure gauges and thermocouples. Temperature-dependent self-, N2and CO2-collision broadening coefficients for the probed H2O transitions were also determined.
The Europeanization of National Foreign Policies towards Latin America

This pioneering contribution to the field of “Europeanization” studies analyzes the development and dynamics of the EU foreign policy towards Latin America, a field of international relations previ...
Case report: Herpes Zoster Myelitis Occurring During Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A 15-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus suddenly developed fever, meningismus, and herpes zoster. Within 48 hours, transverse myelitis developed at the level of the nerve root involvement of the herpes zoster. Since both systemic lupus erythematosus and varicella-zoster have been reported to cause myelitis, therapy was initiated for both. The rapid and simultaneous resolution of both the herpes zoster and the neurologic deficits strongly supports the causal association of both with varicella-zoster. This is the second reported case of herpes zoster-associated transverse myelitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Inducing Demand by Expanding Road Capacity: Controlling for the Rebound Effect

Expanding road capacity and raising fuel economy are two policy mechanisms to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but each is susceptible to feedback effects that might offset their overall effectiveness at promoting sustainable transportation. Expanding road capacity engenders more traffic through the induced demand effect and raising fuel economy encourages more use through the rebound effect. Research on each feedback effect is evident in the sustainable transportation literature. However, research on their interaction is lacking. To fill this void, this article analyzes how additional road capacity and higher fuel economy interact to affect individual vehicle kilometers of travel (VKT) in metropolitan areas across the United States. The article pools individual data from the respective 2001 and 2009 National Household Travel Surveys (NHTS) and adopts a novel methodological approach known as multilevel modeling to estimate a three-level VKT model that nests individuals within vehicles within metro...
Email Duration, Batching and Self-interruption: Patterns of Email Use on Productivity and Stress

While email provides numerous benefits in the workplace, it is unclear how patterns of email use might affect key workplace indicators of productivity and stress. We investigate how three email use patterns: duration, interruption habit, and batching, relate to perceived workplace productivity and stress. We tracked email usage with computer logging, biosensors and daily surveys for 40 information workers in their in situ workplace environments for 12 workdays. We found that the longer daily time spent on email, the lower was perceived productivity and the higher the measured stress. People who primarily check email through self-interruptions report higher productivity with longer email duration compared to those who rely on notifications. Batching email is associated with higher rated productivity with longer email duration, but despite widespread claims, we found no evidence that batching email leads to lower stress. We discuss the implications of our results for improving organizational email practices.
Enzymatic Analysis of PTEN Ubiquitylation by WWP2 and NEDD4-1 E3 Ligases

PTEN is a lipid phosphatase that converts phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-phosphate (PIP3) to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-phosphate (PIP2) and plays a critical role in the regulation of tumor growth. PTEN is subject to regulation by a variety of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation on a C-terminal cluster of four Ser/Thr residues (380, 382, 383, and 385) and ubiquitylation by various E3 ligases, including NEDD4-1 and WWP2. It has previously been shown that C-terminal phosphorylation of PTEN can increase its cellular half-life. Using in vitro ubiquitin transfer assays, we show that WWP2 is more active than NEDD4-1 in ubiquitylating unphosphorylated PTEN. The mapping of ubiquitylation sites in PTEN by mass spectrometry showed that both NEDD4-1 and WWP2 can target a broad range of Lys residues in PTEN, although NEDD4-1 versus WWP2 showed a stronger preference for ubiquitylating PTEN’s C2 domain. Whereas tetraphosphorylation of PTEN did not significantly affect its ubiquitylation by NEDD4-1, it...
The sciences are different and the differences matter

Abstract While biology often has been identified as the field of science where over the past half century progress has been most dramatic, physics continues to be the widely held model of what a field of science should aim to be like. The ideal hallmarks are quantitative characterization of the subject matter studied and mathematical specification of theory. The central argument of this paper is that the subject matter of many important fields of science is very different from that of physics – several of the physical sciences and much of biology, as well as the social sciences, are good examples – and that trying to ape the descriptive and analytic characteristics of physics in these fields hinders the development of understanding. Research on innovation is among this class.
Approaches, attitudes and education

Focal point In preceding chapters, general descriptions of constructions in the syntactic and phonological components of AAE were presented. These descriptions may have practical applications if they can be extended to the development of classroom strategies that are used in teaching mainstream English proficiency. Using linguistic descriptions of AAE to develop lessons does not in any way mean teaching AAE to school age children. Such descriptions are useful in substantiating the claim that AAE is rule-governed, but they are not always successful in combating negative attitudes toward the linguistic system. For example, questions about whether it is right or wrong to use markers such as aspectual be or resultant state dәn usually do not just make reference to right or wrong grammatical structure. The evaluations are connected to broader social issues, as the following passage by Walter Mercer suggests. Regardless of the “genuineness” of the dialect, regardless of how remarkably it may add flavor and soul to a poem or song or novel, regardless of the solidarity it may lend to a political rally, I say it is illogical, nonsensical, and harmful to teach an innocent black child that it's quite all right to say ‘I done gone to school.’ [Walter Mercer, from Brasch 1981]
Effects of Outside Directors on Corporate Regulatory Compliance Decisions

This is a descriptive study to determine what impact outside directors have on a firm's regulatory compliance decisions and on its awareness of social responsibility. Three hypotheses are examined, and the results indicate that none of the three are established. The principal finding is that regulatory compliance decisions rarely come before boards of directors and that when they do, outside directors exert little influence.
SHG-2PF Imaging of Local Ca2+ and Sub-Sarcomere Contraction in Live Cardiomyocytes

Rationale: Cardiomyocyte contraction is caused by Ca2+ binding to troponin C, which triggers the cross-bridge power stroke and myofilament sliding in sarcomeres. Synchronized Ca2+ release causes whole cell contraction, which is readily observable with current microscopy techniques. However, it is unknown whether localized Ca2+ release, such as Ca2+ sparks and waves, can cause local sarcomere contraction. Contemporary imaging methods fall short of measuring microdomain Ca2+-contraction coupling in live cardiomyocytes.Objective: To develop a method for imaging sarcomere-level Ca2+-contraction coupling in live cardiomyocytes at high spatiotemporal resolution.Methods and Results: Freshly isolated cardiomyocytes were loaded with the Ca2+-indicator Fluo-4. A confocal microscope equipped with a femtosecond-pulsed near-infrared laser was used to simultaneously excite second harmonic generation (SHG) from A-bands of myofibrils and two-photon fluorescence (2PF) from Fluo-4. Analysis methods and algorithms were developed for tracking A-band displacement and computing sarcomere strain maps. We found that Ca2+ signals and sarcomere strain correlated in space and time with short delays; importantly, localized Ca2+ sparks and waves caused non-uniform sarcomere contractions in subcellular microdomains.Conclusion: Multi-modal SHG-2PF microscopy enables the study of local mechanical strain in relation to Ca2+ sparks and waves which are often associated with pathological conditions. The method has multiple advantages: (1) SHG is a label-free process that requires no dyes or genetic labeling; (2) It images A-bands independently of T-tubule morphology; (3) It enables simultaneous measurements of microdomain contraction and local Ca2+ levels. Therefore SHG-2PF imaging is widely applicable in studying local Ca2+and sub-sarcomere contraction coupling and the mechano-chemo-transduction in live cardiomyocytes.
Collaboration Strategies for Drag-and-Drop Interaction with Multiple Devices

ManyMouse is a software tool that revisits the ability of multiple users to collaborate by connecting their personal independent mouse hardware to a shared computer. This tool, implemented at the system level, assigns each input device to its own simulated mouse cursor, extending the potential for collaboration to any application. ManyMouse is currently being used as a platform to explore various coordination strategies and assess their impact on learning potential. Previous work on this topic has largely focused on inferring a group’s intention from the relative positioning of the mouse pointers. This work attempts to extend those ideas to include coordination of direct actions such as drag-and-drop.
Effects of fasting on Blood pressure in normotensive males

Muslims all over the world fast in the holy month of Ramadan. Fasting means abstinence from drinking any liquids, eating, smoking and taking anything parenterally. It is intermittent in nature from the start of dawn to end at dusk. Fasting has various physiological effects on different biological parameters of the human body. Previous studies that look at effect of Ramadan fasting on blood pressure have focused mainly on hypertensive patients and patients with already established heart disease.(1,2)There is very limited data regarding the effect of fasting on the normal population. (3,4) A few previous studies have advocated a hypotensive role of fasting.(5) In our study published in Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad (JAMC) in 2015, “Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Blood pressure in normotensive males”, we investigated the effect of Ramadan fasting on blood pressure of normotensive men. We conducted a repeated measure observational study in Karachi, Pakistan on 70 individuals who were normotensive, non-smokers between the ages of 18–50 years. . Blood pressure, pulse, BMI of each participant was recorded one week before the start of Ramadan and in the first, second and third week of Ramadan. The results of our study show that intermittent fasting has a hypotensive effect in normotensive males as proven in animal models and certain human population. There was an average drop of 8/3 mmHg and while the results are significant, their clinical relevance needs to be analysed. Studies on animal models have suggested atrial natriuretic peptide, catecholamines, opiates and body mass index as possible reasons for the decrease in blood pressure due to fasting.(3, 6) Dewanti et al suggested that the cause of drop in blood pressure was the drop in BMI however in our study we found that a drop in BMI only occurred before Iftar towards the end of the fast. There was no significant drop in post-Iftar BMI although there was a significant drop in blood pressure post-Iftar. At the same time ANP has been investigated and found to have no relationship with the phenomenon. We observed a drop in both pre and post Iftar period blood pressure readings. From the community health perspective these results cast doubt on the results of screening for hypertension in the month of Ramadan. Our study has some limitations. First of all, our results cannot be generalized to women and individuals suffering from chronic diseases. Secondly, one cannot exclude the confounding effect of the type of food taken during the breaking of the fast for example individuals taking stimulants like coffee and tea might have yielded readings that were confounded.
A novel pulse compression scheme based on minimum mean-square error reiteration [radar signal processing]

This paper presents an alternative approach to pulse compression that is based upon iterative minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimation. It is similar to the well known least squares (LS) approach but does not suffer from the adverse effects caused by scatterers closer than some nominal range. This results in a more robust estimate of the radar returns while maintaining nearly the same sidelobe level. Furthermore, the proposed pulse compression scheme is highly parallelizable in range and therefore can be computed efficiently.
Interactive effects of introduced Pacific salmon and brown trout on native brook trout: an experimental and modeling approach

Pacific salmon (Oncoryhnchus spp.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) are introduced species stocked in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In their native range, salmon deliver material that enhances growth, ...
COMPUTER RECONSTRUCTION OF IMAGES FROM ULTRASONIC HOLOGRAMS

Computer reconstruction of images from digitized ultrasonic wavefronts is discussed. The phase and amplitude of the scattered wavefront are scanned and digitized. The digital record is processed to yield a digital image. The digital image may be displayed in several ways, the most interesting being the kinoform display technique.
Teacher 2000: A New Tool For Multimedia Teaching of Introductory Business Statistics

This article explores the use of multimedia in an introductory business statistics course through a new computer vehicle called Teacher 2000. Traditional educational processes are reviewed and rein...
Safe discharge parameters for patients with isolated antenatal hydronephrosis.

Summary Introduction Antenatal hydronephrosis is a steady source of urology referrals since the era of routine fetal ultrasonography. Although most resolve, there are no guidelines for follow-up. Objective Our goal is to define safe parameters with which patients can be discharged early and avoid unnecessary follow-up. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients referred to a single children's referral hospital center for isolated antenetal hydronephrosis between 2010 and 2012. We looked at patients and renal units separately and divided the cohort into two groups for comparison. Our analysis endpoint is progression. That is, if the initial postnatal anterior-posterior diameter (APD) is less than 10 mm, progression occurs if the APD increases to 10 mm or above upon follow-up. Conversely, if the initial APD is 10 mm or more in at least one renal unit, progression occurs if the APD remains at 10 mm or above upon follow-up. Results There majority of the 186 patients and 308 renal units included in the analysis, were classified in the APD less than 10 mm group. Most renal units in the APD of less than 10 mm group were of SFU grades 0–2 (92.1%) and most of the renal units in the APD of 10 mm or greater group were of SFU grades 3–4 (60%) ( Table ). Only 19 renal units (6.2%) underwent pyeloplasty, and they were all from the APD of 10 mm or greater group and classified as SFU grade 3–4. No renal unit with an APD of less than 10 mm, nor any with an APD of 10 mm or greater and a SFU grade 0–2 underwent pyeloplasty. More than half of the renal units' hydronephrosis resolved in the APD of 10 mm or greater group, in comparison with 96.1% of the APD of less than 10 mm group. On multivariate analysis, patients with an APD of 10 mm or greater were 7.76 times more likely to show progression (p = 0.0006). Conclusion An initial postnatal APD of 10 mm or greater, with a SFU grade 3–4, merits follow-up. However, all patients with an APD of less than 10 mm, especially when with a SFU grade 1–2, can be safely discharged as they are unlikely to experience complications. Table Characteristics and progression status according to group. . Renal units APD APD>10 mm (n = 80) p-value Pyeloplasty 0 19 (23.8) Status Non-progression 219 (96.1) 50 (62.5) Progression 9 (3.9) 30 (37.5) SFU grade Grades 0–2 210 (92.1) 32 (40.0) Grades 3–4 18 (7.9) 48 (60.0)
Non-malignant Sequelae after Unconfined Power Morcellation.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To identify the incidence of repeat surgery and subsequent findings after the performance of unconfined uterine power morcellation. Design A retrospective descriptive study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers. Patients Women (N = 5154) who underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with unconfined power morcellation. Measurements and Main Results Of the 5154 cases, 279 (5.41%) underwent subsequent reoperation with a median of 24 months after index surgery. The most common clinical complaint leading to laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy was symptomatic leiomyoma (n = 135, 48.4%) and abnormal uterine bleeding (n = 94, 33.7%). The most common indication for reoperation was a symptomatic adnexal mass (n = 87, 31.2%) followed by pelvic pain (n = 83, 29.7%). The majority (n = 128, 60.4%) of subsequent non–urogynecologic-related reoperations resulted in benign pathology. Endometriosis was the primary pathologic diagnosis in 65 of 279 (23.3%) of the reoperative cases; this was not previously documented in 86% (n = 57/65) of these cases. The overall frequency of subsequent pathology was endometriosis (65/5154, 1.26%), disseminated leiomyomatosis (18/5154, 0.35%), and new malignancy (11/5154, 0.21%). Conclusion Morcellation of nonmalignant tissue is not without consequence. Pathology confirmed endometriosis was documented for the first time in 20.4% of patients who underwent a second surgery. This finding raises the suspicion that morcellation and dispersion of the uterine specimen may be associated in the development of endometriosis.
Feasts of power : how food reveals Eve's influential role in John Milton's epic poem, "Paradise Lost"

OF THE THESIS FEASTS OF POWER: HOW FOOD REVEALS EVE'S INFLUENTIAL ROLE IN JOHN MILTON'S EPIC POEM, PARADISE LOST
A Parallel Multi-Stage I/O Architecture with Self-Managing Disk Cache ForDatabase Management Applications

This paper first defines and describes a highly parallel external data handling system and then shows how the capabilities of the system can be used to implement a high performance relational data base machine. The elements of the system architecture are an interconnection network which implements both packet routing and circuit switching and which implements data organization functions such as indexing and sort merge and an intelligent memory unit with a self-managing cache which implements associative search and capabilities for application of filtering operations on data streaming to and from storage.
The battle against bedroom boredom: Development and validation of a brief measure of sexual novelty in relationships

As a crucial component to preventing sexual boredom and maintaining sexual and relationship satisfaction, sexual novelty is a relational characteristic that warrants considerable empirical attentio...
Elastomeric pump malfunction resulting in over-infusion of local anesthetic.

A 70 year-old female patient presented for a right humeral head replacement. Preoperatively an interscalene catheter was placed and postoperatively connected to an elastomeric pump for continuous i...
TACE, DEE-TACE, and Its Evolution in Metastatic Disease

Intra-arterial hepatic therapy is a relatively new technique popularized in the 1990s and 2000s and is built on decades of incremental development and discovery. Intra-arterial oncologic embolization therapy broadly includes transarterial embolization, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), drug-eluting embolic transarterial chemoembolization, and transarterial radioembolization. These therapies have been included in the multidisciplinary treatment algorithm of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic disease. Barcelona Clinic for Liver Cancer treatment guidelines specifically recommends TACE for the treatment of intermediate stage HCC. Research and clinical practice have seen extension of intra-arterial therapy to also broadly include unresectable HCC in many circumstances including palliation and a bridge to transplant. Some evidence also suggests an expanding role for intra-arterial therapy in the context of other primary liver neoplasms as well as metastatic disease with general considerations carrying over from the experience of treating HCC. In general, the efficacy of these treatments is similar, and selection of therapy is based on physician expertise and preference.
Context-Sensitive Decoding: On-Demand Microcode Customization for Security and Energy Management

Modern instruction set decoders feature translation of native instructions into internal micro-ops to simplify the CPU design and improve instruction-level parallelism. However, this translation is static in most known instances. This paper proposes context-sensitive decoding, a technique that enables customization of the micro-op translation based on the current execution context and/or preset hardware events. Further, it can transition between different translation modes rapidly. While there are many potential applications, this paper demonstrates its effectiveness with two use cases: 1) as a novel security defense to thwart instruction/data cache-based side-channel attacks; and 2) as a power management technique that performs selective devectorization to enable efficient unit-level power gating.
Substances of Abuse and the Brain

This chapter is dedicated to outlining the impact of the various substances of abuse on and at critical stages of brain development and making the connection between compromised cognition in the context of substance use. Primary substances of abuse to include alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, opioids, and cannabis and their impact on the developing brain are thoughtfully explored. Scientific literature links the pleasure/reward center with substance use. Increased reward-seeking behavior is a notable feature in adolescent development. Understanding the connection between novelty-seeking behavior in adolescents and increased risk for substance is critical in establishing reasonable public health interventions for intervention and prevention.
Visual Modeling: A Socialization-Based Intervention to Improve Nutritional Intake Among Nursing Home Residents.

Purpose Malnutrition is a widespread, dangerous, and costly condition among institutionalized older adults and can be both a contributor to and consequence of dysphagia for individuals with cogniti...
Clinical features, treatment, and outcome of dogs with Coccidioides osteomyelitis.

OBJECTIVE To describe signalment, clinical signs, serologic test results, treatment, and outcome of dogs with Coccidioides osteomyelitis (COM) and to compare those findings with findings for dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA). ANIMALS 14 dogs with COM and 16 dogs with OSA. PROCEDURES Data were retrospectively gathered from electronic medical records. RESULTS Dogs with COM were younger and weighed less than dogs with OSA. Six dogs with COM had appendicular lesions, 5 had axial lesions, and 3 had both appendicular and axial lesions; 9 had monostotic disease, and 5 had polyostotic disease. Axial lesions and nonadjacent polyostotic disease were more common in dogs with COM than in dogs with OSA, but radiographic appearance was not different between the 2 groups. Median IgG titer at diagnosis of COM was 1:48 and was significantly decreased after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Percentage of dogs with COM that had clinical signs was significantly decreased after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. One year after initiation of treatment, 9 of 9 dogs were still receiving fluconazole and 8 of 9 dogs had positive results for serum IgG titer testing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dogs with COM typically had a rapid improvement in clinical signs after initiating treatment with fluconazole but required long-term antifungal treatment. Dogs with COM differed from dogs with OSA, but radiographic features had a great degree of overlap between groups, confounding the ability to make a diagnosis on the basis of diagnostic imaging alone.
Neuropeptide-Y and ACTH-immunoreactive innervation of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat. An immunocytochemical analysis at the light and electron microscopic levels.

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), synthesized in neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is one of the main regulators of the pituitaryadrenal cortex endocrine axis. In order to elucidate the possible involvement of the central neuropeptide-Y (NPY)-and adrenocorticotroph hormone (ACTH)-immunoreactive (IR) systems in the innervation of hypophysiotrophic CRF-synthesizing neurons, immunocytochemical double labelling studies were conducted in the hypothalamus of the rat to localize CRF-synthesizing neurons, as well as neuronal fibers exhibiting NPY and ACTH-immunoreactivity, respectively. The parvocellular subnuclei of the PVN received an intense NPY-and ACTH-IR innervation. At the light microscopic level, these peptidergic axons were associated with the dendrites and perikarya of CRF-IR neurons. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that NPY- and ACTH-IR axons established synaptic specializations with parvocellular neurons expressing CRF-immunoreactivity. These findings indicate that both neuropeptide-Y and adrenocorticotroph hormone containing neuronal systems of the brain are capable of influencing adrenal function via synaptic interactions with hypophysiotrophic CRF-synthesizing neurons. The data also support the concept that NPY and ACTH might be ntilized as neuromodulators within the PVN.
Acrosin, Proacrosin, and Acrosin Inhibitor of Human Spermatozoa: Extraction, Quantitation, and Stability

Ten different methods were evaluated to determine the treatment for obtaining maximal amounts of acrosin, proacrosin, and acrosin inhibitor (the acrosin system) from human spermatozoa by a single technique. Optimal results were obtained by extraction of the gametes with 10% glycerol at pH 2.8 for at least 12 hours. A single treatment by this technique provided approximately 95% of all available acrosin. The use of benzamidlne during extraction was essential for maximal recovery of proacrosin, i.e., to prevent zymogen activation. Benzamidlne did not affect the total amount of acrosin recovered. The levels of acrosin Inhibitor obtained did not vary with the method of treatment but were greatly influenced by the molecular pore size of the membrane used for dialysis of the extracts. An assay method for the simple determination of the components of the acrosin system is presented. Using the optimal extraction method and described assay technique, 42 pooled semen samples, each consisting of four to 14 ejaculates, were analyzed for the acrosin system. The total acrosin averaged 106 mlU/107 spermatozoa (S.D. = ±22 mlU/107 sperm). Almost all the acrosin was in the zymogen (proacrosin) form (93% ± 2%). After proacrosin activation, enough inhibitor was present to inhibit 94% ±5% of the acrosin. Acrosin and proacrosin were stable in spermatozoa kept in seminal plasma at room temperature for at least 6 hours. After solubilization, the enzymes were stable for at least one week when stored at pH 3.0,4 C, if the proacrosin was not activated to acrosin. After activation, the extracts were much less stable. Maximal conversion of proacrosin to acrosin occurred in 10 minutes when the extracts were incubated at pH 8.0 at room temperature. The presence of calcium ions severely retarded activation. The described extraction and assay techniques provide a standard method by which the acrosin system of spermatozoa can be measured, and may now be applied to the spermatozoa of infertile men to determine whether any abnormalities exist In the acrosin system of these gametes.
Maximal properties of the normalized Cauchy transform

where m is the normalized Lebesgue measure on TF. By the Fatou Theorem, Kf can also be defined on Tf by its non-tangential boundary values. After such an extension one can view the Cauchy integral as a "transform", i.e., an operator in LP(m) which sends f into the boundary values of Kf. It is well known, and not difficult to see, that the Cauchy transform is unbounded for p = 1 or p = oc. However, the classical theorem by M. Riesz says that the Cauchy transform is bounded in LP when 1 < p < oc. Further progress is due to R. Hunt, B. Muckenhoupt and R. Wheeden, who studied spaces with absolutely continuous weights LP(w). It was shown that the Cauchy transform is bounded in LP(w), 1 < p < 00, if and only if the weight w satisfies the celebrated Ap-condition. Another classical object of complex function theory is the non-tangential maximal function. For any function g in D we can define its non-tangential maximal function Mg as
Dental Insurance and Dental Care: the Role of Insurance and Income

This paper analyzes the effect of dental insurance on utilization of general dentist services by adult US population aged from 25 to 64 years. Our econometric framework accommdates endogeneity of insurance and the ordered nature of the measure of dental utilization. The study finds strong evidence of endogeneity of dental insurance to utilization and identifies interesting patterns of nonlinear dependencies between the dental insurance status and individuals age and income. The calculated average treatment effect supports the claim of adverse selection into the treated (insured) state and indicates a strong positive incentives effect of dental insurance.
A new pruning method for incremental pruning algorithm using a sweeping scan-line through the belief space

This paper introduces a new filtering technique to speed up computation for finding exact policies for Partially Observable Markov Decision Problems (POMDP). We consider a new technique, called Scan Line Filter (SCF) for the Incremental Pruning (IP) POMDP exact solver to introduce an alternative method to Linear Programming (LP) filter. This technique takes its origin from the scan line method in computer graphics. By using a vertical scan line or plane, we show that a high-quality exact POMDP policy can be found easily and quickly. In this paper, we tested this new technique against the popular Incremental Pruning (IP) exact solution method in order to measure the relative speed and quality of our new method. We show that a high-quality POMDP policy can be found in lesser time in some cases. Furthermore, SCF has solutions for several POMDP problems that LP could not converge to in 12 hours.
Learning regular grammars on connection architectures

The authors present results on learning regular grammars as well as developing extensions to learning multidimensional random fields. In learning a regular grammar, they use recent results on the stochastic representation of strongly connected regular grammars in order to derive an algorithm based on mutual information for learning the minimal state set as well as the production rules of the grammar. These learning results are then extended to multiple dimensions by extending the state structure of the regular grammar to the neighborhood structure of multidimensional random fields. This allows the authors to learn textures for image segmentation and reconstruction. The implementation of the learning algorithms on connection architectures is described. >
Psychotrine and its O-methyl ether are selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase.

Psychotrine dihydrogen oxalate and O-methylpsychotrine sulfate heptahydrate (MP), the salts of isoquinoline alkaloids from ipecac, were found to be potent inhibitors of the DNA polymerase activity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). We currently report the results of additional studies designed to characterize the mechanism of inhibition facilitated by MP. The inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to TTP and uncompetitive with respect to poly(rA) and oligo(dT)12-18 (4:1) at low template-primer concentrations but competitive at high concentrations (greater than 200 microM). Identical non-Michaelis-type kinetics were observed when activated DNA was used as the template. The biphasic nature of the double-reciprocal plots and Hill coefficients of less than 1 indicate that MP functions as an allosteric inhibitor of the enzyme which appears to possess multiple active sites that interact in a cooperative (negative) fashion in the presence of the inhibitor. MP was selective for the recombinant HIV-1 RT (p66) utilizing poly(rA) and oligo(dT)12-18 (4:1) as template-primer. Greater inhibition was observed with this template primer as compared with other natural and synthetic template-primers tested. MP had significantly less effect on avian myeloblastosis virus RT as well as mammalian or bacterial DNA and RNA polymerases. Other members of the ipecac class of alkaloids, e.g. emetine hydrochloride, were inactive against all of these enzymes, including HIV-1 RT. Conversely, MP did not inhibit in vitro protein synthesis, a property manifested by all the other ipecac alkaloids tested. Studies conducted with structural analogs revealed that the imine functionality at positions 1' and 2' of MP is the key structural requirement for HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity. Therefore, MP appears to possess unique structural properties that enable interaction with HIV-1 RT in a manner that can be differentiated from other polymerases. Use of these alkaloids for the definition of this viral enzyme-specific topology may lead to the development of therapeutically useful chemotherapeutic agents.
Modular technologies and the time-to-market process-maturity tradeoff

Summary form only given. Modular process technologies are proving effective in improving the speed and cost of developing new manufacturing technologies. Modular products are assembled from independent components that are manufactured to meet a predefined standard, such as the chips, disks, monitors and motherboards that comprise personal computers. When the standards defining the interface between the modules are well-understood, these components can be purchased from external suppliers rather than produced in-house. As a result, no single firm needs expertise in all the modules of the product, reducing the scope of knowledge and innovation required by any one firm. This arrangement promotes specialization and increases the rate of innovation as firms race to improve the performance of individual components. While successful modularity in products require a well understood interface between the modules, the same is not true for successful modularity in the process technology. In fact, modular production technologies are valuable in semiconductor manufacturing precisely because interfaces within production processes are not well understood.
Influence of starvation on the induction of xenobiotic metabolism by polychlorinated biphenyls.

The administration of a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, Aroclor 1254, at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day po for 14 days to rats resulted in increases in EPN detoxification, p-nitroanisole demethylation, NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450 which persisted for up to four to five months. Starvation for four days prior to making these determinations caused an enhancement of this induction. This interaction may be due to mobilization of PCBs from storage sites in adipose tissue.
Interactions between components of the aggregation pheromone during chemotaxis by the bark beetleIps paraconfusus

The male-produced aggregation pheromone inIps paraconfusus is composed of three compounds. Female bark beetles were exposed to combinations of these compounds, presented as point sources in an enclosed, circular arena. By itself,cis-verbenol (cV) had no effect on the number of beetles that reached the source. Either ipsenol (Ip) alone or ipsdienol (Id) alone strongly increased the number that reached the source, with Id producing a dose-response curve with a much steeper slope. cV moved the onset of the response to Id to higher doses of Id, but the response rose more rapidly after onset than when cV was absent. Overall, cV inhibited the effect of Id except at the highest dose. cV affected the onset of the response to Ip little or none, but strongly increased the slope of the response, synergizing the effect of Ip. The responses to combinations of Id and Ip were related to the log of a linear combination of their doses. The results are consistent with a model where Id and Ip act at a single site of action, but with different potencies, while cV appears to modify the effects of Id and Ip, rather than affecting the site of action directly.
A note on price futures versus revenue futures contracts

Here we consider the hedging roles of a price futures contract versus a revenue futures contract. In the absence of idiosyncratic output risk, the revenue contract almost always dominates the price contract. Idiosyncratic output risk provides conditions under which the price contract should dominate. When production risk is largely idiosyncratic, a producer with an anticipated long actuals position might combine a long revenue futures position with a short price futures position. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:503–512, 2004
Kidney cancer: Systemic therapy—differentiating the achievable from the achieved

Over the past few years the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma has changed substantially. Although the development of targeted therapies has improved the prognosis of many patients with renal cell carcinoma, a large subset of patients who might benefit from targeted therapies do not receive such treatments.
Ground‐based lidar and radar remote sensing of tropical cirrus clouds at Nauru Island: Cloud statistics and radiative impacts

Ground based active and passive remote sensing instrumentation are combined to derive radiative and macrophysical properties of tropical cirrus clouds. Eight months of cirrus observations at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site located on Nauru Island provide independent retrieval of cloud height and visible optical depth using lidar and radar techniques. Comparisons reveal the millimeter cloud radar does not detect 13% of cirrus clouds with a cloud base higher than 15 km that are detected by the lidar. Lidar and radar cloud heights demonstrate good agreement when the cloud lies below 15 km. Radar and lidar retrievals of visible optical depth also compare well for all but the optically thinnest clouds. Cloud occurrence at Nauru as measured by lidar, reveal clear sky conditions occur on average 40%, low clouds 16%, and high clouds 44% of the time. Analysis of observed cirrus macrophysical and radiative properties suggests that two different types of cirrus exist in the tropical western Pacific: high, thin, laminar cirrus with cloud base higher than 15 km, and lower, physically thicker, more structured cirrus clouds. Differences in cirrus types are likely linked to their formation mechanisms. Radiosonde profiles of temperature and equivalent potential temperature near themore » tropical tropopause show a clear transition between neutrally stable and stable air at ~15 km, which may also explain the presence of two distinct cirrus types. Radiative heating rate and cloud forcing calculations for specific cirrus cases reveal the impact of tropical cirrus clouds on the earth?s radiation budget.« less
Correlated spin networks in frustrated systems

Abstract We introduce a network model for frustrated spin systems based on highly correlated spin fluctuations, to quantify and visualize their ordering. This model shows that networks of strongly correlated but non-contiguous spins exist at low temperatures on a triangular Ising lattice with competing nearest-neighbor interactions. This finding is consistent with chaotic renormalization-group trajectories previously reported for frustrated hierarchical lattices.
On the consistency of calling for caution carelessly: Further notes on mythical experiments and phantom footnotes

In an earlier paper by Grieger (1971), grave errors of scholarship occurred; these included the reporting of the experimental results from three samples that, although they did not exist, were miraculously tested for significance and were declared “nonsignificant.” In the present paper by Grieger and Saavedra there is reference to a phantom footnote, confusion over the nature of the unit normal distribution, confusion over the difference between power and effect size, and a number of errors of fact. The behavioral sciences may be well served by public controversies that involve the debating of subtle points. They are unlikely to be well served by papers failing to meet even the most rudimentary criteria of scholarship.