cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ENHANCED CHEMILUMINESCENCE ASSAY FOR PEROXIDASE

Horseradish peroxidase can be assayed chemiluminescently using a mixture of luminol and an oxidant, eg hydrogen peroxide or perborate. Assay characteristics can be dramatically improved by the addition of small amounts of enhancers. These substances, eg, para-iodophenol, para-hydroxycinnamic acid, and various naphthols and aromatic amines increase the light emission from the reaction by several orders of magnitude. In addition, the reagent background is diminished which contributes to the large increase in signal to background in enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) assays, The detection limit for peroxidase is 50 attomoles and the assay has been used in a wide range of assay formats (tube, bead, particle, microtiter well, membrane, dipstick). A large number of immunoassays have been developed (peptide and steroid hormones, drugs, antibodies, cancer markers) and implemented on a semi-automatic analyzer. The long-lived signal is ideal for automated instruments because initiation and measurement of light emission can be separated. It is also ideally suited to photographic assays and these have been used in extra-laboratory applications. More recently, ECL assays have been exploited in DNA hybridization assays.
Opposition to Pro-Immigrant Public Policy: Symbolic Racism and Group Threat

This study examines the relationship between symbolic racism and native-born citizens’ policy opinions toward legal and undocumented immigration. With data from the 1994 General Social Survey and the NPR/Kaiser Foundation/Kennedy School of Government 2004 Immigration Survey, the results from logit regression models indicate that symbolic racism significantly predicts opposition to legal immigration, immigrant access to federal aid, and standard costs for college, citizenship for U.S.-born children, and work permits for undocumented immigrants. The effects are independent of group threat and other factors. Symbolic racism explained more variation in policy opinions toward government assistance, while group threat explained more variation toward immigration levels and citizenship status. Depending on the issue, native-born citizens likely derive their immigration policy opinions from moral ideologies in addition to intergroup competition.
Binaural release from temporal induction.

This study examined the effects of interaural phase difference (IPhD) relations in temporal induction (TI)—that is, the perceived continuity of a fainter sound (inducee) through an interrupting higher amplitude sound (inducer). The extent of TI was measured both directly as the upper amplitude level for continuity and indirectly as the loudness reduction of the inducer. It was found that TI was inhibited when the IPhD of the inducer and the IPhD of the inducee differed. It was also found that the extent of induction was positively related to the masking potential of the inducer as measured by the binaural masking level difference procedure. These results suggest that TI involves processes that are affected by interaural phase differences and that the masking potential rule, shown by previous studies to apply in the frequency domain, applies also in the IPhD domain. The present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TI results from allocation of a portion of the neural excitation produced by the inducer over to the inducee if the inducer has the appropriate masking potential. As a consequence, obliterated signals can be selectively restored on the basis of both frequency-specific monaural cues and azimuth-related binaural cues, abilities that can enhance detection of signals under the noisy conditions of everyday life.
Treatment of metastatic melanoma with pazopanib: A report of five patient cases:

Metastatic melanoma has a median length of survival after diagnosis of 6–9 months. Unfortunately, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network clinical practice guidelines for treating stage IV, unresectable, metastatic melanoma are limited with regard to treatment options. Pazopanib (Votrient™) is FDA-approved for advanced soft tissue sarcoma and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Limited research exists for using pazopanib in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. We present five cases in which pazopanib was used in combination with paclitaxel ± carboplatin for treatment of unresectable, metastatic melanoma.
Linear instability of two-way coupled particle-laden jet

Abstract The two-way coupled particle-laden jet is studied numerically in order to understand how the addition of solid particles affects the stability of the jet. In contrast with the particle-laden mixing layer studied, the jet flow stability is complicated by a variable wave (or phase) velocity and an additional curvature parameter, i.e., the ratio of jet radius to shear layer thickness. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated that the following similar scenario holds for a particle-laden jet: the addition of particles can destabilize the flow at small particle Stokes number, while the stabilizing effect prevails for intermediate to large Stokes numbers. Both these competing effects scale approximately linearly with the particle mass loading. We also found that the addition of particles increases the wave velocity at high wave numbers but decreases the wave velocity at low wave numbers. The fact that the addition of particles can destabilize the gas flow in the absence of gravity has been shown to follow the previous speculation. Two general asymptotic relations proposed by Saffman have been confirmed numerically for the case of the particle-laden jet. Physically, the increase of effective inertia of the fluid–particle mixture causes a destabilization effect while the enhanced viscous dissipation around the particles gives a stabilization effect. Results for various mass loadings, Stokes numbers, and wave numbers show that for a given mass loading and wave number, there is an intermediate Stokes number that corresponds to a maximum flow stability. We have shown that this Stokes number is on the order of 1 and depends weakly on the wave number.
Magnetotunneling spectroscopy in a double-barrier heterostructure: Observation of incoherent resonant-tunneling processes.

We report striking magneto-oscillations in the current-voltage characteristics of a double-barrier resonant-tunneling structure under longitudinal magnetic field. We have identified, for the first time, inter-Landau-level resonant tunneling with Landau-level indices changed by as large as six, two distinct LO-phonon-emission-assisted resonant tunneling, and a combination of the two. The voltage-to-energy conversion is experimentally calibrated, which makes tunneling spectroscopy possible. Our experiment is a manifestation of the two-dimensionality of the source electrons.
Prognostic significance of lymph node dissection in the treatment of malignant melanoma.

Fourteen hundred and eighty-three determinate cases of malignant melanoma seen at Memorial Hospital, from 1950 to 1965, were reviewed up to January 15, 1970 A critical analysis of the survival statistics was carried out with special emphasis on lymph node status. This report shows that results in the treatment of malignant melanoma continue to improve, most likely due to earlier diagnosis and treatment. The findings of this study have permitted us to conclude that the best form of treatment for patients with malignant melanoma is a wide excision of the primary lesion in association with a routine lymph node dissection, regardless of the clinical status of lymph nodes.
How Do β-Blockers Improve Ventricular Function in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure?

The binding of β-adrenergic agonists such as norepinephrine and isoproterenol to the β-1 adrenergic receptor (AR) in the sarcolemma of the ventricular myocyte increases intracellular levels of cAMP via Gs protein-induced stimulation of adenyl cyclase. cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which causes phosphorylation of proteins involved in Ca2+ homeostasis, such as phospholamban and the L-type Ca2+ channel, increasing the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) transient, and thus causing a positive inotropic effect. It is now very well established that patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy are in a hyperadrenergic state.1 Treatment of these patients with β-adrenergic receptor-blocking drugs reduces morbidity and mortality,2 improves ventricular function, and reverses pathological remodeling.3 Clinical and experimental animal studies have suggested a number of mechanisms by which chronic exposure to this class of drugs, which have a negative inotropic effect in normal myocardium, could have an apparently paradoxical beneficial effect in failing myocardium. See p 2459 Seminal work by Bristow and associates4 showed that β-1 AR density is reduced in the failing myocardium, and receptor density is increased by treatment with some β-AR blockers.5 An increase in β-receptor density may restore toward normal an available positive inotropic reserve in patients with heart failure. In isolated myocytes, a cytotoxic effect of prolonged adrenergic stimulation can be demonstrated,6 suggesting that β-blockade may reduce a deleterious effect of the chronic hyperadrenergic state on myocyte survival. Treatment with β-blockers also slows the heart rate. Because failing myocardium displays a decrease in contractility with increasing rate of stimulation,7 this may improve ventricular function. At slow rates of stimulation, the myocyte action potential is prolonged, allowing for more Ca2+ influx via Na/Ca exchange, and permitting more complete relaxation and reloading …
The origin and outcome of preterm twin pregnancies

Objective To define the etiology of preterm twin births and determine the contribution of twin births to preterm birth and related morbidity and mortality. Methods The March of Dimes Multicenter Prematurity and Prevention Study included a total of 33,873 women who delivered between 1982–1986, 432 (1.3%) of which delivered twins. Women were classified by reason for preterm birth and ethnicity. Neonates were classified as to stillbirth, neonatal death, and various short-term morbidities. A second data set from one center consisted of infants who weighed 1000 g or less, were born between 1979–1991, and survived to 1 year of age (n = 386, 15% twins); this was used to determine if twins and singletons born at comparable gestational ages have a similar risk for major developmental handicaps. Results Of the deliveries in the data set, 54% of twins were preterm compared with 9.6% among singletons. Of those born preterm, twins were born at a significantly earlier gestational age than were singletons. Only 2.6% of all neonates born were twins, but they represented 12.2% of all preterm infants, 15.4% of all neonatal deaths, and 9.5% of all fetal deaths. Spontaneous labor accounted for 54% of twin births, premature rupture of membranes accounted for 22%, and indicated deliveries accounted for 23%. Of the indicated preterm births in twins, 44% were due to maternal hypertension, 33% to fetal distress or fetal growth restriction, 9% to placental abruption, and 7% to fetal death. Comparing infants of similar gestational age, twins weighed less, but had a mortality equivalent to that of singletons after 29 weeks. Between 26–28 weeks' gestation, the risk of mortality for twins versus singletons was 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.1–2.5). Preterm twins did not have significantly more respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, or other short-term morbidity than did preterm singletons. Twins who weighed 500–1000 g and survived to 1 year had a 25% rate of major developmental handicaps. However, when gestational age was controlled, the rate of major handicaps was not higher in twins than in singletons. Conclusions Twins accounted for a disproportional amount of preterm birth and associated morbidity and mortality. Also, when preterm twins were compared with preterm singletons and corrected for their gestational ages, the rates of morbidity were similar. Preterm twins weighing less than 1000 g did not have an increased prevalence of major handicaps at 1 year of age compared with preterm singletons.
Effects of nifedipine on triggered activity in 1-day-old myocardial infarction in dogs

Triggered activity arising from a delayed afterdepolarization occurs in canine subendocardial Purkinje fibers 1 day after myocardial infarction (MI). Standard microelectrode techniques were used to study small preparations (20 to 48 mm2) in vitro. Nifedipine, 1 mg/liter, reversibly suppressed triggered activity by reducing maximum diastolic potential, action potential amplitude and the rate of depolarization of the delayed afterdepolarization. Complete quiescence or exit block resulted. The effects of nifedipine were antagonized by elevating extracellular calcium ion concentration. These results suggest that spontaneous ectopic rhythms 1 day after MI that are the result of triggered activity are dependent on transmembrane calcium ion movement, which nifedipine can directly antagonize.
A simple clinical assessment of attention in schizophrenia

Although attentional dysfunction is considered a predominant feature of schizophrenia, it is seldom quantitatively assessed in clinical practice. A simple paper-and-pencil test of selective attention (Ruff et al., 1986) provides a 5-min assessment with theoretical relevance for schizophrenia. Thirty schizophrenic subjects performed the 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test, which measures speed and accuracy, and compares controlled and automatic information processing. Ninety percent of the subjects displayed automatic processing. Speed was severely impaired, and accuracy was less so. Sixty-seven percent of the schizophrenic subjects performed in the normal range (± 1 SD) for accuracy, but only 23% scored in the normal range for speed. Speed and accuracy were moderately correlated. Although theories of a lateralized deficit were not supported, the results are consistent with a hypothesized frontal lobe dysfunction. The automatic processing demonstrated may represent old learning. Poor controlled processing may preclude the acquisition of automatic functioning. This selective attention test may provide a measure of severity of cognitive impairment relevant to daily life functioning.
Edge detection in machine vision using a simple L 1 norm template matching algorithm

Abstract Template matching based on the sum of absolute errors (the L 1 norm) is an effective means of edge detection in certain controlled imaging environments where the form of the edges to be detected is known. The algorithm employs a 1-D edge profile as the template. Edges are detected by computing the L 1 norm of an error vector obtained by subtracting an edge template from the image data. This paper evaluates the performance of the L 1 norm template matching algorithm and draws comparisons to classical correlation matching. The L 1 norm template matching algorithm has potential for integrated circuit and printed circuit board inspection, and other inspection applications where the lighting and view aspect can be controlled.
Biliary tree necrosis in transplanted liver detected by spiral CT with three-dimensional reconstruction

We present a case where spiral computed tomography (CT) with three dimensional reconstruction was able to generate cholangiographic images demonstrating biliary tree necrosis in a transplanted liver. Volumetric CT as a one step diagnostic solution to establish a diagnosis in patients after liver transplantation can expedite appropriate therapy and reduce the number of invasive studies. By the integration of volumetric CT techniques and rapid three-dimensional display of biliary structures, volumetric cholangiography may become practical. Though spatial resolution may prove to be a limiting factor in replacing cholangiography for subtle mural disease, volumetric CT can yield clinically useful information.
Diagnosis and grading of dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus

This review focuses on the pathological features of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. Two categorisation schemes are used for grading dysplasia in the gastrointestinal tract, including Barrett's oesophagus. The inflammatory bowel disease dysplasia morphology study group system is the one most commonly used in the USA. However, some European and most far Eastern countries use the Vienna classification system, which uses the term “non‐invasive neoplasia” instead of low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) or high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and also uses the term “suspicious for invasive carcinoma” for lesions that show equivocal cytological or architectural features of tissue invasion. The degree of dysplasia is based on a combination of cytological and architectural atypia. However, the precise number of HGD crypts that is necessary to upgrade a biopsy from LGD to HGD has never been investigated and varies widely among expert gastrointestinal pathologists. The extent of dysplasia, particularly LGD, has also been recognised recently as an important prognostic parameter in Barrett's oesophagus. Other problematic areas of dysplasia interpretation include differentiation of regenerating epithelium versus LGD and separating HGD from carcinoma. Dysplasia associated with macroscopically visible lesions, such as ulcers, nodules or polyps, carry a high risk of synchronous or metachronous adenocarcinoma. Recently, immunostaining for α‐methylacyl‐CoA‐racemase has been shown to have a high degree of specificity for detection of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus and may be used to help distinguish negative from positive biopsies in this condition. In this review, the problematic areas in dysplasia interpretation are outlined and a specific approach to these issues is discussed.
Nearly-automated metadata hierarchy creation

Currently, information architects create metadata category hierarchies manually. We present a nearly-automated approach for deriving such hierarchies, by converting the lexical hierarchy WordNet into a format that reflects the contents of a target information collection. We use the term "nearly-automated" because an information architect should have to make only small adjustments to produce an acceptable metadata structure. We contrast the results with an algorithm that uses lexical co-occurrence statistics.
Antidotes for Anthrax Anecdotes The Role of Rationality and Base-Rate Data in Assuaging Apprehension

Two experiments, conducted approximately 6 weeks apart, examined the conjoint effects of participant rationality, as assessed by the Rational- Experiential Inventory, and base-rate information on apprehension about a threat. Experiment 1 predicted and found that high-rationality individuals who first received context-expanding information about a relatively likely hazard (traffic deaths) manifested less apprehension in response to a subsequent news story about a less likely threat (anthrax death) than did highs who read only the anthrax-death story. It was further predicted and found that among low-rationality individuals this relationship was reversed. Experiment 1 was conducted when the anthrax threat was perceived to be quite serious. The interaction was not found in Experiment 2, after national attention to anthrax decreased. Findings are discussed in terms of how high- and low- rationality individuals process threat-related information and how they respond to changes in the perceived seriousness of t...
High Resolution Tissue Imaging Using the Single-probe Mass Spectrometry under Ambient Conditions

Ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging field with great potential for the detailed spatial analysis of biological samples with minimal pretreatment. We have developed a miniaturized sampling and ionization device, the Single-probe, which uses in-situ surface micro-extraction to achieve high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution during MSI experiments. The Single-probe was coupled to a Thermo LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer and was able to create high spatial and high mass resolution MS images at 8 ± 2 and 8.5 μm on flat polycarbonate microscope slides and mouse kidney sections, respectively, which are among the highest resolutions available for ambient MSI techniques. Our proof-of-principle experiments indicate that the Single-probe MSI technique has the potential to obtain ambient MS images with very high spatial resolutions with minimal sample preparation, which opens the possibility for subcellular ambient tissue MSI to be performed in the future.
Biotinylation of a bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide analogue for use as a receptor probe

The development of a biotinylated bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) for use as a receptor probe is reported. The lysine13 of a GRP-27 was substituted by arginine and lysine was added to the amino terminus. Biotinylation of the N-terminal lysine was performed. The biotinylated peptide was purified by HPLC and characterized by mass spectral analysis. Binding studies with murine Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, cells known to express bombesin/GRP receptors, yielded a dissociation curve for the biotinylated GRP-27 analogue (biotin-Lysyl[Asp12,Arg13]GRP-27) which was nearly identical to that of native GRP. Using studies of gastrin release from isolated canine G cells, equipotent functional activity of the biotinylated probe and unmodified GRP was demonstrated. Measurements of retained 125I-avidin confirmed that the biotin/avidin interaction could occur once the biotin-peptide complex was bound. Applicability of the probe was demonstrated with fluorescent microscopy using avidin-FITC on Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. In conclusion, a novel biotinylated bombesin/GRP analogue has been developed which retains the functional characteristics of the native peptide and is a useful probe for receptor studies.
Chronic sucrose ingestion enhances mu-opioid discriminative stimulus effects

Sucrose affects a variety of opioid-related behaviors. We hypothesized that, if sucrose ingestion alters opioidergic circuitry, opioid-induced discriminative stimulus effects would be enhanced following sucrose intake. In the present study, rats were trained to discriminate nalbuphine (3.2 mg/kg, s.c.) from saline in an operant choice procedure. After acquiring the discrimination, subjects were injected with a single nalbuphine dose (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) and given 30-min access to 30% sucrose or water. Sucrose consumption did not alter nalbuphine's discriminative stimulus effects under these conditions. During subsequent tests, training was suspended, and rats received continuous access to sucrose (9 days) or water (8 days). Chronic sucrose consumption increased the potency of nalbuphine to produce its discriminative stimulus effects by 3-fold. These findings suggest chronic sucrose consumption results in changes in opioid-system function that modulates the effects of exogenously administered opioids.
Chiral separations by open tubular capillary electrokinetic chromatography

The inner walls of 50 microns fused-silica capillaries are etched by ammonium hydrogendifluoride and then modified by the silanization/hydrosilation method with a chiral selector. Three different types of selectors were evaluated: lactone, beta-cyclodextrin and naphthylethylamine. Each of the bonded chiral stationary phases provided at least partial separation for one type of racemic solute. These results confirm that bonded organic moieties on the etched inner wall of a capillary can provided sufficient solute-bonded phase interactions to influence the retention of molecules driven through a capillary by electroosmosis or a combination of electroosmosis and electrophoretic mobility.
Do Russians Dislike Democracy

Judging by their answers on public opinion surveys, many Russian citizens favor democracy, at least as long as the stakes are not too high or rights are not being extended to people they do not like (e.g., Tikhonova 2005 , 39; Colton and McFaul 2001 ; Gibson 1998 ). But Russians' behavior at times belies those findings. Ordinary Russians expressed little outrage when the first president of independent Russia, Boris Yeltsin, bombed the parliament in 1993. Nor did they forcefully protest the actions of their second president, Vladimir Putin, when he restricted personal freedoms, strengthened executive power, and undermined the electoral process. Indeed, Russians continue to give Putin high approval ratings (Fond Obshchestvennoe Mnenie 2006 ). Russians' electoral choices also have not tended to favor democrats. In many local elections and in elections to the State Duma throughout the 1990s, significant numbers of Russians chose Communists, near-fascist nationalists, or others of questionable democratic credentials to represent them. Liberal democratic parties fared poorly in a number of elections and in the 2003 Duma elections failed to win a single seat. Since 2003, support for liberal parties declined still further (Levashov 2006 , 10).
Cytomegalovirus enteritis in a premature infant.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Up to 2.5% of newborn infants are cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive at birth. Five percent will be symptomatic at birth, including cytomegalic inclusion disease. Symptoms such as hearing loss and mental retardation will ultimately develop in 15%. Methods: The authors describe a case of CMV enteritis in a 2.2-kg newborn that presented as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and subsequently developed a colonic stricture. Results: There are four reports of neonatal CMV enteritis in the nonEnglish-language literature. Cytomegalovirus enteritis has become prevalent among the immunosuppressed pediatric and adult patient population. Conclusions: We propose the addition of CMV to the list of pathogens responsible for NEC. A review of neonatal CMV infection is provided.
A CUE hints at tumor resistance.

Some individuals with estrogen receptor–α (ER-α)-positive breast cancer do not respond to tamoxifen treatment. Increased expression of the ubiquitin ligase CUEDC2 may contribute to this endocrine resistance by reducing theamounts of ER-α (pages 708–714).
The nature of solids accumulated during solvent refining of coal

Abstract Solids accumulated in the reactor of a solvent-refined coal (SRC-1) pilot plant during processing of three coals were studied using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A classification system was devised for each of the two groups of components: organic materials and mineral matter. The various organic components were classified by the extent of change from the original coal macerals, and by optical properties of different semi-cokes and other organic phases. Minerals were divided into four groups: those unchanged from the original coal; minerals which were physically degraded; minerals which were chemically or crystallographically transformed; and those minerals formed during processing of a subbituminous coal. Gold-tube carbonization experiments were performed on SRC to determine the conditions under which retrogressive reactions occur to form mesophase semi-coke. Autoclave experiments were designed to investigate the recrystallization of pyrite as pyrrhotites, and to determine the causes of carbonate-mineral formation in the reactor. Calcium carbonate was found to crystallize from the interaction of ion-exchangeable calcium and carbon dioxide, which are available when low-rank coals are processed.
A Model Incorporating Ion Dissociation, Solute Concentration, and Solution Density Effects To Describe the Thermodynamics of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions in the Critical Region of Water

A model, based on Helmholtz energy, describing the thermodynamics of NaCl solutions in the near-critical region of water has been developed and tested as a function of temperature (350-402 °C), pressure (18-41 MPa), and solute concentration (0-5 m) using literature heat of dilution (Δ dil H) data. This model is an extension of one developed by Anderko and Pitzer (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1993, 57, 1657-1680) as modified by Oscarson et al. (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001, 40, 2176-2182). The present model includes terms for NaCl dissociation and ion-ion interactions. Density and Δ dil H values predicted using the model agree well with literature values over the temperature, pressure, and solute concentration ranges of the study. Apparent log K', Δ r H, Δ r S, and Δ r C p values change significantly with the solute concentration, temperature, and solution density. The model was used to determine speciation in aqueous NaCl solutions under the conditions of the study.
U + N2 Reaction layer growths

Reaction layers were formed on uranium at various temperatures up to 2400 °C in nitrogen (0.003 to 2.0 atm). Reaction with solid uranium is propagated by spalling and is most rapid near 800 °C. Reaction with liquid uranium occurs by two parallel processes, diffusion through and fracturing of UN layers. From observed thicknesses of fracture-free layers, concentration-gradient chemical interdiffusion coefficients are calculated. Marker experiments indicate that the UN layers form by inward diffusion of nitrogen atoms from which are deduced nitrogen self-diffusion coefficients represented by the equation DSN[cm2/sec] = 12exp−(120 ± 25)[kcal/mole]/RT . Nitrogen selfdiffusion coefficients are also deduced from estimated nitrogen activity gradients and these exhibit a dependence on nitrogen pressure. Uranium-saturated UN compositions range from N/U = 0.991 to 0.997 ± 0.006 at temperatures above 1600 °C. Change in N/U ratio across the UN phase is 0.005 at about 1600 °C.
Femoral Vein Harvest for Vascular Reconstructions: Pitfalls and Tips for Success

The femoral-popliteal vein has proved to be an excellent conduit for a variety of indications. These include in situ reconstruction of infected aortic grafts, and mesenteric, brachiocephalic, and lower-extremity bypasses. This article discusses the technical details of successful deep vein harvest. Information regarding the preoperative evaluation, postoperative surveillance, reintervention, and venous morbidity is provided. The femoral-popliteal vein graft has proven to be a durable conduit with minimal late venous morbidity.
The Numerical Integration of Neutral Functional-Differential Equations by Fully Implicit One-Step Methods

An algorithm for the numerical solution of neutral functional-differential equations is described. This algorithm is based on divided difference representation of fully implicit one-step methods. The resulting systems of nonlinear equations are solved using the predictor-corrector approach for nonstiff equations and by the modified Newton method for stiff equations. The step control strategy is based on local error estimation by comparing two approximations of successive orders. The details of implementations are described for systems of neutral delay-differential equations with state dependent delays, for Volterra integro-differential equations and for stiff delay-differential equations. The results of some numerical experiments on four test examples are presented and discussed. Ein Algorithmus zur numerischen Losung von neutralen Funktional-Differentialgleichungen wird beschrieben. Dieser Algorithmus basiert auf der dividierten Differenzendarstellung voll impliziter Einschrittverfahren. Die resultierenden Systeme nichtlinearer Gleichungen werden unter Verwendung der Pradiktor-Korrektor-Methode fur nichtsteife Gleichungen und durch das modifizierte Newtonverfahren fur steife Gleichungen gelost. Die Schrittweitenkontrollstrategie basiert auf lokaler Fehlerabschatzung durch Vergleich zweier Naherungen von aufeinanderfolgenden Ordnungen. Implementationsdetails werden fur Systeme neutraler Delay-Differentialgleichungen, fur Volterrasche lntegrodifferentialgleichungen und fur steife Delay-Differentialgleichungen beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse einiger numerischer Experimente fur vier Testbeispiele werden angegeben und diskutiert.
Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy Is Not Impaired in Mice with Double Deficiency of Myd88 and IFNAR Genes

Liver regeneration is known to occur in mice lacking one or more Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or the adaptor protein MyD88. Though MyD88 is required for signaling by many TLRs, others signal via MyD88-independent pathways, leading to the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). Here, we assessed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice lacking both MyD88 and the type I IFN receptor (Myd88-IFNAR double-KO). Approximately 28% of Myd88-IFNAR double-KO mice had gross liver lesions prior to surgery. In mice without lesions, Myd88-IFNAR deficiency abrogated the increase in circulating IL-6 after PH but did not impair hepatocyte BrdU incorporation, mitotic figure counts, or recovery of liver-to-body weight ratios. These results indicate that type I IFNs are not responsible for the preservation of liver regeneration in Myd88-deficient mice, and they also cast doubt on the idea of microbial products being essential triggers of liver regeneration in mice undergoing PH.
An Anatomic Approach to Pelvic Hemorrhage During Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation of the Vaginal Vault

Abstract Objective: To examine the current clinical problem of life-threatening hemorrhage during sacrospinous vaginal vault suspension, define a management solution, and validate current anatomic knowledge of the area involved. Methods: Ten cadaveric female pelves were dissected from a posterior gluteal approach and from an abdominal approach. The vascularity of the region of the sacrospinous ligament was mapped. Results: There are multiple and varied collateral vascular supplies and anastomoses in the region of the sacrospinous ligament and buttock, including: 1) superior gluteal, 2) inferior gluteal, 3) internal pudendal, 4) vertebral, 5) middle sacral, 6) lateral sacral, and 7) external iliac via the circumflex femoral artery system. Anastomoses occurred in all pelves examined. The frequency of each type of anastomosis varied from 20–100%. Conclusion: Surgical ligation of the internal iliac artery would not likely curb massive hemorrhage during sacrospinous ligament fixation, except in certain cases of internal pudendal vascular injury. The inferior gluteal artery is probably the most commonly injured vessel in sacrospinous ligament suspension because of its location. Inferior gluteal vessel injury should be approached by the use of packing and vascular clips or packing and arterial embolization. These latter approaches should be of primary consideration in the control of hemorrhage at the time of sacrospinous ligament fixation.
PMDR spectroscopy and the geometry of the triplet state

Abstract It is shown that phosphorescence microwave double resonance (PMDR) can detect deviations from C2v, D2h or D2 symmetry. This is carried out by examining the radiative properties of the zero field level which should be “dark” for molecules with these symmetries. The results show that in n-hexane solvent at 1.6°K, 1.4-, but not 2,3-dibromonaphthalene, retains its C2v symmetry in its triplet state.
STAT3 Activation in Glioblastoma: Biochemical and Therapeutic Implications

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a potent regulator of gliomagenesis through its induction of angiogenesis, host immunosuppression, and tumor invasion. Gain of function mutations result in constitutive activation of STAT3 in glioma cells, making STAT3 an attractive target for inhibition in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, some studies show that STAT3 also participates in terminal differentiation and apoptosis of various cell lines and in glioma with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient genetic backgrounds. In light of these findings, the utility of STAT3 as a prognostic indicator and as a target of drug therapies will be contingent on a more nuanced understanding of its pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects.
Can primary care sleep medicine integration work

Sleep disorders are common in the veteran population. There is an increasing need for sleep medicine services in returning veterans. Primary care providers are uncomfortable diagnosing and treating sleep disorders. Patients often have to wait several days before they can be seen by a sleep clinician. This pilot project evaluated the feasibility of providing sleep medicine services to patients in a primary care setting. Primary care providers were involved in decision-making, resulting in improved satisfaction with sleep medicine services among primary care clinicians.
Measurable Effects of a Communication Skills Course: An Initial Study.

The results of this study demonstrate that changes in students’ writing and speaking skills over the period of a semester can be reliably measured. Using the American College Testing Program's College Outcome Measures Project Speaking and Writing Assessments, students’ gains are identified and attributed to particular rhetorical components of the speaking and writing processes. The major gains occurred for the relatively lowest entry level sub‐groups in both speaking and writing. Students demonstrated a larger gain in speaking skills than in writing skills over the period of a semester.
The inheritance of vegetative growth traits in strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) grown at low temperatures and their relationship to field productivity.

The genetic relationship between vegetative growth at low temperatures and productivity was investigated for strawberries grown in controlled and field environments. Genotypes from 20 biparental crosses were grown in controlled environments with 11°, 14°, and 17 °C days, 11 °C nights, and 11-h daylength to simulate a range of winter growing conditions expected in mediterranean environments. Individual plants were scored for two initial runner traits and eight vegetative growth traits. Significant main effects of temperature and cross were detected for all growth chamber traits, and conservative estimates of the broad sense heritability (h2) for these traits were 0.10–0.28. None of the temperature x cross interaction effects were significant, suggesting that genetic potential for vegetative growth and vigor is expressed similarly at low and optimal growing temperatures. Highly significant genetic correlations were detected between many growth chamber trait pairs, indicating pleiotropic effects for the genes that condition these traits. Complementary field trials were established, and individual plants were scored for traits that describe yield, production pattern, and plant size. Significant negative genetic correlations were detected between traits that describe growth in the chambers and early production in the field trials, but genetic correlations between chamber growth traits and mid-season or total production were significantly positive and occasionally large. Several of the yield and field growth variables were genetically correlated to initial runner plant traits, suggesting that indirect selection using traits scored in the nursery can be used to improve yield and modify production pattern in the field.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Soil pH in Patterned-Ground Chronosequences: Jotunheimen, Norway

Glacier foregrounds of Jotunheimen, Norway are characterized by the occurrence of Little Ice Age end moraines, dating to approximately the mid 18th century. Patterned-ground features occurring within chronologically established time units were studied. Young patterned-ground features, forming ~ 10-20 years after deglaciation, are frost active with minimal soil development. With time and distance from the ice margin, frost activity declines within the patterned ground. Frost activity initially decreases at the borders of the features, with the centers later stabilizing. Sorted circles and sorted nets showed significant changes in soil pH across the chronosequences. Temporal thresholds were recognized on two of the chronosequences where patterned-ground features on terrain deglaciated ~ 1930 A.D. show increased acidification rates, suggesting a decline in frost activity and disturbance. Microsite variability was noted on one of the chronosequences with patterned-ground borders being more acidic than that of...
Fourth branchial cleft sinus: relationship to superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves.

Abstract Objectives 1) Demonstrate the surgical anatomy of a fourth branchial cleft sinus relative to the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves. 2) Review the diagnosis and management of a fourth branchial cleft sinus. Design Case Study. Setting Tertiary Children’s Hospital. Patient Three year old female who presented with a fever and painful right neck mass. CT scan demonstrated a right neck abscess containing air adjacent to the thyroid. Intervention Two months after initial drainage, the patient underwent enbloc excision of the sinus including the thyroid lobe with closure of the piriform sinus defect. Main outcome measure Intraoperative photo documentation of the anatomic relationship between the fourth branchial sinus and surrounding neural structures. Results The sinus tract was shown to terminate in the piriform sinus inferior to the superior laryngeal nerve.
Utilizing mixed-linker zirconium based metal-organic frameworks to enhance the visible light photocatalytic oxidation of alcohol

Abstract A series of mixed-linker zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) have been synthesized in one-pot reactions. The Zr-MOFs, containing 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (NH 2 -BDC) as the primary linker and 2-X-1,4-bezenedicarboxylate (X-BDC, X=H, F, Cl, Br) as a secondary linker, have been used as visible light photocatalysts. The incorporation of multi-functional groups into the catalysts was characterized by PXRD, STEM, NMR, N 2 physisorption, diffuse reflectance FTIR, and diffuse reflectance UV–vis. The effects of different linkers on the photocatalytic property of the Zr-MOFs were evaluated in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The photocatalytic oxidation reaction was performed using a 26 W helical bulb as the visible light source, and the temperature of the reaction was kept at 80 °C. The Zr-MOF containing mixed NH 2 -BDC and F-BDC linkers gives five times more conversion in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol compared to the Zr-MOF made of mixed NH 2 -BDC and H-BDC linkers. We only observed partial oxidation product, benzaldehyde, from the photocatalytic oxidation reaction.
Modification of the DNA colony hybridization technique for multiple filter analysis

Abstract Inexpensive fibreglass mesh window screens were used as spacers between colony blot filters to increase the number of bacterial isolates that could be tested by DNA colony hybridization. Sixty filters with up to 48 isolates per filter were tested at one time. This modified technique reduced the amount of radiolabelled probe and other materials needed for simultaneous analysis of up to 2880 test isolates.
Climatic change on the terrestrial planets

Observational data related to climatic change on Venus, earth and Mars are reviewed. The channel features on Mars suggest an early to intermediate epoch of warmer and wetter climate, while the layered polar deposits imply more recent periodic variations in climate. A more reducing atmosphere, which would have produced an enhanced greenhouse effect, may have been responsible for warmer periods in the early history of Mars and earth. Detailed calculations relating atmospheric pressure and composition to the temperature state of Mars are presented. The possibility of a runaway greenhouse effect on Venus resulting in the emplacement of volatiles entirely in the atmosphere is also examined. Periodic variations in orbital eccentricity and axial obliquity may have contributed to alternating glacial and interglacial periods on earth. Mechanisms accounting for the laminated terrain of Mars, and the influence of Martian tectonic distortions on the planet's climate also receive attention.
Perilipin A and the control of triacylglycerol metabolism

Perilipin A is the most abundant protein associated with the lipid droplets of adipocytes and functions to control both basal and stimulated lipolysis. Under basal or fed conditions, perilipin A shields stored triacylglycerols from cytosolic lipases, thus promoting triacylglycerol storage. When catecholamines bind to cell surface receptors to initiate signals that activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), phosphorylated perilipin A facilitates maximal lipolysis. Mutagenesis studies have revealed that central sequences of moderately hydrophobic amino acids are required to target nascent perilipin A to lipid droplets and provide an anchor into the hydrophobic environment of lipid droplets. Sequences of amino acids in the unique carboxyl terminus of perilipin A and those in amino terminal sequences flanking the first hydrophobic stretch are required for the barrier function of perilipin A in promoting triacylglycerol storage. Site-directed mutagenesis studies of serine residues within six PKA consensus sites of perilipin A reveal functions for phosphorylation of at least three of the sites. Phosphorylation of one or more of the serines within three amino terminal PKA sites is required to facilitate hormone-sensitive lipase access to lipid substrates. Phosphorylation of serines within two carboxyl terminal sites is also required for maximal lipolysis. Phosphorylation of serine 492 (site 5) triggers a massive remodeling of lipid droplets, whereby large peri-nuclear lipid droplets fragment into myriad lipid micro-droplets that scatter throughout the cytoplasm. We hypothesize that perilipin A binds accessory proteins to provide assistance in carrying out these functions.
Effect of molecular structure on the crystal-nematic phase transition

A systematic study of the crystal-nematic phase transition for a series of unsymmetricalp-phenylene bis (p-substituted benzoates) is reported. Differences in molecular structure along the series are in the nature of one small, compact terminal substituent. Enthalpy and entropy measurements are reported for the crystal-nematic transition as obtained by differential thermal analysis. A correlation between the thermodynamic data and molecular structure is presented.
Quantification of dietary choline utilization in adult Drosophila melanogaster by radioisotope methods.

Abstract Uptake and turnover of label from dietary choline-1,2,-14C in reproducing and non-reproducing Drosophila melanogaster adults was used to quantify the amounts of choline utilized for reproductive, growth, and tissue maintenance purposes. On an optimal diet females used about four times as much choline, 18·4 × 10−8 g per day, as males with 47 per cent of the daily amount of choline consumed being employed for reproduction, 34 per cent for growth, and 19 per cent for tissue maintenance. In males 32 per cent was used for reproduction, 4 per cent for growth, and 64 per cent for tissue maintenance. When starved for choline, the amounts of choline utilized for these purposes were reduced about threefold in both adult males and females. Females, when fed an optimal diet, contributed fifty-six times as much choline to the fertilized egg as the male parent.