cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive Remedial Statistics Learning Modules for the Internet

Statistics courses at most university campuses draw students from numerous departments. As a result, the mathematical backgrounds of the students vary widely. This places some students at an initial disadvantage as they have to do remedial math review. If a student falls behind in the beginning of a class, chances for failure in the course are greatly increased. If the instructor slows down the progress of the course to review basic material, the class in general will suffer. Retaking several years of math classes is usually not a viable option for students. To address this problem, we developed a series of Internet-based learning modules that can be adapted to fit various statistics courses and meet the learning needs of each student individually. These learning modules are interactive and are visual-based, utilizing color graphics and animation. The learning modules are available to anyone or to any course with Internet access.
Remapping disparate images for coincidence.

Summary With the development of complex multimode computerized microscope systems, it is possible and necessary to obtain images of the same area of the microscopical preparation by several methods of microscopy, such as differential interference contrast, reflection interference microscopy, several wavelengths of fluorescence microscopy, laser scanning and confocal modes. Thus, varied information may be obtained about a single field, in the form of a set of images, taken at different ports of the microscope, using different digitizing cameras, each appropriate to certain tasks. For comparative purposes, the images should be superimposable, pixel by pixel, but in general they are not — they differ in image shape and size, magnification, distortion, centration and orientation. This paper shows how the problem may be approached, using an extension of the remapping procedures described in a previous paper, in which images of a separate grid reference slide are used to detect, quantify and correct the image errors. Affine remapping, without the use of grid images, is also described.
Menstrual function in elite speed skaters

Twenty‐three female members of the United States Speed Skating Team were evaluated and followed during four years of preparation for the 1988 Olympic Winter Games. Those skaters who reported having prolonged inter‐menstrual intervals had the highest average menarcheal age of 14.2 years. This was significantly older than the average menarcheal age of 13 years among skaters who did not report menstrual disruption. Skaters who began intense training in late childhood tended to later menarche and prolonged intermenstrual intervals when compared with skaters who initiated their training earlier, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Menstrual disruption in subjects during the course of these observations was unusual; although many skaters reached very high levels of training and those who were involved in pre‐Olympic competitions achieved extremely low proportions of body fat content.
VERIFICATION OF THE GENERALIZED BORN MODEL AT SHORT DISTANCES

The generalized Born (GB) model, one of the implicit solvent models, is widely applied in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as a simple description of the solvation effect. In the GB model, an empirical function called the Still's formula, with the algorithmic simplicity, is utilized to calculate the solvation energy due to the polarization, termed as ΔGpol. Applications of the GB model have exhibited reasonable accuracy and high computational efficiency. However, there is still room for improvements. Most of the attempts to improve the GB model focus on optimizing effective Born radii. Contrarily, limited researches have been performed to improve the feasibility of the Still's formula. In this paper, analytical methods was applied to investigate the validity of the Still's formula at short distance. Taking advantage of the toroidal coordinates and Mehler–Fock transform, the analytical solutions of the GB model at short distances was derived explicitly for the first time. Additionally, the solvation energy was numerically computed using proper algorithms based on the analytical solutions and compared with ΔGpol calculated in the GB model. With the analysis on the deficiencies of the Still's formula at short distances, potential methods to improve the validity of the GB model were discussed.
β-Ionone and its effect on the incorporation of 14C mevalonate into carotenes and high counting fractions in carrot root

Abstract β-Ionone vapours stimulate the incorporation of [2- 14 C]mevalonic acid into carotenes and high counting non-saponifiable fractions in carrot root. Radioactive α- and β-carotene purified by thin-layer chromatography on MgO:Hiflo Super-Cel (1:2 by weight) with 10% CaSO 4 binder is contaminated with high counting impurities. Recrystallization to constant specific activity or preliminary thin-layer chromatography on Silica Gel G is necessary to obtain α- and β-carotenes free of these high counting impurities.
Platform independent applications for in-vehicle infotainment systems via integration of CE devices

For in-vehicle infotainment systems, there are special requirements for the user interface (UI) regarding driver distraction. As a result, unlike web applications, new applications should be specifically developed for the infotainment system. Further, the user interface of the new applications should be consistent with the user interface of the main functions of the system with the result that the user can interact with the new applications as he is used to. At the same time, the applications should be compatible with different systems in order to minimize the development cost. We present an approach which allows integration of new applications into different in-vehicle infotainment systems via consumer electronics devices. While applications are deeply integrated into the user interface, development cost is minimized and still specific adaptions for certain systems are possible.
External hydrocephalus: a probable cause for subdural hematoma in infancy

Subdural hemorrhage is common in infancy, particularly in the first year of life. The most common cause is nonaccidental (child abuse), with accidental in second place. We present three healthy infants, ages 4, 5, and 7 months that, during an evaluation for macrocephaly, were found to have frontal subdural hematoma in association with prominent extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid spaces (external hydrocephalus). There was no history of trauma or risk factors for child abuse. Skull surveys and ophthalmologic examinations were normal. All infants were neurologically intact and achieved normal developmental milestones in one-year follow-up. We suggest that some infants with external hydrocephalus may be at risk for development of subdural hematoma with minimal or no trauma, most likely secondary to stretching of the bridging veins in the unusually widened subarachnoid spaces. Child abuse, although it should always be kept in mind and should be excluded, may not be the most common cause in this specific context.
Negative affect and the experience of chronic pain.

Although it is clear from previous research that pain is associated with negative affect, the relative contribution of specific affective dimensions, e.g. depression, anxiety and anger, to the subjective experience of chronic pain is unclear. The literature is also mixed concerning the relative importance of state versus trait influences in the experience of chronic pain. The present study analyzed the ability of anxiety, anger, and depression (as measured by the State-Trait Personality Inventory, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory, respectively) to predict self-report of clinical pain as indicated by the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) in a sample of 60 chronic pain patients. The results of stepwise regression analyses consistently demonstrated that the state measures were more strongly related to MPQ pain ratings than trait measures. These data suggest support for the hypothesis that chronic pain adversely impacts mood rather than the opposing hypothesis that negative mood is a predisposing factor in the development of chronic pain. Furthermore, different aspects of the state emotional experience were found to be related to different components of pain report. The results of this study also suggest that attributional processes could be an important component of the relationship between negative mood and the experience of pain.
Thyroid abscess in a 14-month-old child

Abstract Suppurative thyroiditis occurring in childhood is rare. Progression to abscess formation is an even more uncommon occurrence. Only four thyroid abscesses occurring in children under 15 yr of age have been reported in the past 20 yr. 1–4 A 14-mo-old white girl developed an enlarging mass in the anterior neck. Two weeks previously she was treated for otitis media by her local physician and subsequently was observed to develop a mass in the area of the thyroid gland. Her febrile course was not altered by antibiotics. Physical examination was entirely within normal limits except for the thyroid which was firm and hard with a 4-cm movable mass in the region of the left lobe of the thyroid. There was no associated erythema or apparent tenderness. Laboratory studies included a hemoglogin of 11.6 g/100 ml, hematocrit of 33.5 vol %, white blood cell count of 16,700/ml 3 with a differential count of 65 neutrophils, 30 lymphocytes, and 5 monocytes. A urinalysis revealed no abnormalities. Stool culture grew normal enteric flora. A throat culture grew non-Group A beta hemolytic streptococci. A chest film revealed no abnormalities. Studies of thyroid function included a T-3 (30.4%) within normal limits and a T-4 (10.1 μg) in the high euthyroid range. The child received erythromycin 125 mg orally at 6-hr intervals without cessation of fever for 4 days. At this time, it was felt that the fever was related to the thyroid mass which appeared unchanged from the time of admission. At operation, an abscess cavity was noted in the superion of the left lobe of the thyroid gland. Approximately 10 cc of purulent material was removed from the cavity and a Penrose drain was placed in the abscess cavity. A biopsy specimen revealed inflammation and fibrosis consistent with the wall of the abscess. Bacterial, fungal, and acid-fast cultures of the pus were negative. The child became afebrile within 24 hr after operation. The postoperative course was uncomplicated except for the occurrence of a skin abscess at the site of the operative incision. Drainage of this abscess yielded 4 cc of purulent material from which staphylococcus epidermidis was grown. Subsequently the child has not experienced any further difficulty and remains euthyroid.
Transforming the Empire with a Department of Peace

This article argues that transformation of the American Empire requires changing American culture and that this can best be achieved by establishing a Department of Peace. It presents details of how such a department could be structured to facilitate cultural change and then addresses the political challenges involved in establishing such a department. A brief history of past attempts to create a Department of Peace reveals three major challenges: the danger of co-option, the necessity of facing bureaucratic conflicts, and the need to overcome nationalistic political opposition. To meet these challenges, those involved in the peace movement must recognize and resolve three specific sources of tension within the movement. The article addresses these tensions.
High-resolution modeling of moving and deforming objects using sparse geometric and dense photometric measurements

Modeling moving and deforming objects requires capturing as much information as possible during a very short time. When using off-the-shelf hardware, this often hinders the resolution and accuracy of the acquired model. Our key observation is that in as little as four frames both sparse surface-positional measurements and dense surface-orientation measurements can be acquired using a combination of structured light and photometric stereo, resulting in high-resolution models of moving and deforming objects. Our system projects alternating geometric and photometric patterns onto the object using a set of three projectors and captures the object using a synchronized camera. Small motion among temporally close frames is compensated by estimating the optical flow of images captured under the uniform illumination of the photometric light. Then spatial-temporal photogeometric reconstructions are performed to obtain dense and accurate point samples with a sampling resolution equal to that of the camera. Temporal coherence is also enforced. We demonstrate our system by successfully modeling several moving and deforming real-world objects.
Case for wireless overlay networks

Wireless data services, other than those for electronic mail or paging, have thus far been more promising than successful. We believe that future mobile information systems must be built upon heterogeneous wireless overlay networks, extending traditional wired and internetworked processing `islands' to hosts on the move over coverage areas ranging from in-room, in- building, campus, metropolitan, and wide-areas. Unfortunately, network planners continue to think in terms of homogeneous wireless communications systems and technologies. In this paper, we describe a new wireless data networking architecture that integrates diverse wireless technologies into a seamless internetwork. In addition, we describe the applications support services needed to make it possible for applications to continue to operate as mobile hosts roam across such networks. The architecture described herein is being implemented in a testbed at the University of California, Berkeley under joint government/industry sponsorship.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Will foreign investment revive Nigerian agriculture

The Nigerian government responded after 1980 to decreased access to foreign exchange with policies to attract private domestic and foreign investment to its agricultural sector. The abolition of commodity boards and of state farms in 1986 signaled a break with past approaches to agricultural development, but the ineffectiveness of these institutions raises doubt about whether their loss will bring much change. The strongest incentives for increased investment in agriculture will come from currency devaluation and from severe limitations on food imports, raising domestic prices. The eventual response of agricultural production depends on how vigorously the government pursues this new direction in policy, but there are indications in the policies already selected that the benefits of private investment will not be widely shared.
SOME REMARKS ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OP RADIOPROTECTANT AGENTS

A striking parallelisra between pharraacological activity and radiation protection was clearly demonstrated for serotonin, epinephrine, histamine, p- aminopropiophenone, and cyanide. This correlation permits the assignment of hypoxia as the probable mechanism whereby these agents protect against the effects of radiation. On the other hand, AET, although very active pharmacologically, probably exerts its radioprotective activity by means other than the production of hypoxia. The greatest liraitation to the use of existing radioprotectants in man and higher animals is their toxicity. It is suggested that methods for attenuating the toxicity of the present effective corapounds must be sought and new nontoxic agents must be devised utilizing established principles of radiation protection. (auth)
A Fully Galerkin Method for the Recovery of Stiffness and Damping Parameters in Euler-Bernoulli Beam Models

In the modeling and control of large flexible structures, one is often required to numerically recover one or more material parameters given data measurements at various points. Although these structures are in general very complex, in many cases the essential features can be developed by considering a fixed Euler-Bernoulli beam which is assumed to have KelvinVoigt damping. In this paper, a fully Sinc-Galerkin method is presented for the numerical recovery of the stiffness parameter EI and the damping parameter cDI in the state space model $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\mathcal{L}(EI,{c_D}I)u = f(x,t),}&{0 0} \\ {u(0,t) = u(1,t) = 0,}&{t > 0} \\ {\frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial x}}(0,t) = \frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial x}}(1,t) = 0,}&{t > 0} \\ {u(x,0) = \frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial t}}(x,0) = 0,}&{0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1} \end{array}$$ (1.1) with $$L\left( {E\operatorname{I} ,c_D I} \right)u \equiv \frac{{\partial ^2 u}} {{\partial t^2 }} + \frac{{\partial ^2 }} {{\partial x^2 }}\left( {EI\left( x \right)\frac{{\partial ^2 u}} {{\partial x^2 }} + c_D I\left( x \right)\frac{{\partial ^3 u}} {{\partial x^2 \partial t}}} \right),$$ , given measurements of the data at the points \( \left\{ {\left( {x_p ,t_q } \right)} \right\}\begin{array}{*{20}c} {q = 1, \ldots ,n_q } \\ {p = 1, \ldots ,n_p } \\ \end{array} \) in the domain (0,1) × ℝ+. From physical considerations, it is reasonable to let the admissible parameter set Q be defined by $$Q = \left\{ {(EI,{c_D}I) \in \prod\limits_{k = 1}^2 {{H^2}(0,1):EI(x) \geqslant E{I_0} > 0,{c_D}I(x) \geqslant 0} } \right\}$$ (see [5]). With this definition, the existence of a unique soLution u to the forward problem can be obtained on any fixed time interval [0,τ],τ > 0, for f sufficiently smooth.
Noncustodial Fathers' Involvement With Their Children: A Right or a Privilege?

This study explores the key determinants of noncustodial fathers' involvement with their children. The stereotype that fathers have little interest in parenting their children is contradicted. The findings reveal that fathers are committed to parenting; however, actions on the part of the mothers and what the participants perceive to be bias on the part of the courts prevent fathers from having the relationship with their children they desire. Even fathers who have been committed early in the relationship to their children, pay child support, and give no justification for being denied parental rights do not necessarily get to spend time with their children. Parenting plans should be negotiated at the same time as child support orders and revisited periodically.
Relationship Between Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthetase Genotype and Systemic Vascular Function

Endothelial cells can convert l-citrulline to l-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide. The present study tests the hypothesis that a C-to-A nucleotide transversion (T1405N) in the gene-encoding carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1, the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in l-citrulline formation, influences nitric oxide metabolite concentrations or nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in humans. Bradykinin (100, 200, and 400 ng/min) was infused via brachial artery in 106 (CC:AC:AA=40:54:12) healthy subjects. Sodium nitroprusside (1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 microg/min) was also infused in 87 (CC:AC:AA=31:46:10) subjects. Forearm blood flow was measured by plethysmography and blood samples were collected for tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen, nitric oxide metabolites, and cyclic GMP. There was a significant relationship between carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 genotype and nitric oxide metabolites, such that nitric oxide metabolite concentrations were highest in individuals homozygous for the C allele (mean+/-SD, 14.0+/-8.5 micromol/L), lowest in individuals homozygous for the A allele (9.1+/-3.1 micromol/L), and intermediate (11.8+/-6.6 micromol/L) in heterozygotes (P=0.036). There was a significant effect of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 genotype on forearm blood flow during bradykinin (P=0.028), such that the vasodilator response was greatest in C allele homozygotes (22.2+/-9.1 mL/min/100 mL at 400 ng/min), least in A allele homozygotes (13.6+/-6.2 mL/min/100 mL), and intermediate (19.4+/-10.7 mL/min/100 mL) in heterozygotes. Similarly, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 genotype influenced forearm blood flow during nitroprusside (maximal flow 19.2+/-8.3, 18.1+/-8.3, and 11.5+/-4.9 mL/min/100 mL in the CC:AC:AA groups, respectively; P=0.022). In contrast, there was no effect of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 genotype on the nitric oxide-independent tissue-type plasminogen activator response to bradykinin (P=0.943). These data indicate that a polymorphism in the gene encoding carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 influences nitric oxide production as well as vascular smooth muscle reactivity.
Regulation of the Cardiac Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger by the Endogenous XIP Region

The cardiac sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is modulated by intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. A large intracellular loop of the exchanger participates in the regulatory responses. We have proposed (Li, Z., D.A. Nicoll, A. Collins, D.W. Hilgemann, A.G. Filoteo, J.T. Penniston, J.N. Weiss, J.M. Tomich, and K.D. Philipson. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1014–1020) that a segment of the large intracellular loop, the endogenous XIP region, has an autoregulatory role in exchanger function. We now test this hypothesis by mutational analysis of the XIP region. Nine XIP-region mutants were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and all displayed altered regulatory properties. The major alteration was in a regulatory mechanism known as Na+-dependent inactivation. This inactivation is manifested as a partial decay in outward Na+-Ca2+ exchange current after application of Na+ to the intracellular surface of a giant excised patch. Two mutant phenotypes were observed. In group 1 mutants, inactivation was markedly accelerated; in group 2 mutants, inactivation was completely eliminated. All mutants had normal Na+ affinities. Regulation of the exchanger by nontransported, intracellular Ca2+ was also modified by the XIP-region mutations. Binding of Ca2+ to the intracellular loop activates exchange activity and also decreases Na+-dependent inactivation. XIP-region mutants were all still regulated by Ca2+. However, the apparent affinity of the group 1 mutants for regulatory Ca2+ was decreased. The responses of all mutant exchangers to Ca2+ application or removal were markedly accelerated. Na+-dependent inactivation and regulation by Ca2+ are interrelated and are not completely independent processes. We conclude that the endogenous XIP region is primarily involved in movement of the exchanger into and out of the Na+-induced inactivated state, but that the XIP region is also involved in regulation by Ca2+.
A model system for increasing the intensity of whole-cell biocatalysis: investigation of the rate of oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose by thin bi-layer latex coatings of non-growing Gluconobacter oxydans.

We developed a novel 150 h were investigated. Even though the coatings were optimized for permeability, ∼50% of G. oxydans viability was lost during cellcoat drying and further reduction was observed as the topcoat was added. High reaction rates per unit volume of coating (80–100 g/L · h) were observed which agreed with predictions of a diffusion-reaction model using parameters estimated by independent experiments. Cellcoat effectiveness factors of 0.22–0.49 were observed which are 20-fold greater than any previously reported for this G. oxydans oxidation. These nano-structured coatings and the possibility of improving their ability to preserve G. oxydans viability may be useful for engineering highly reactive adhesive coatings for multi-phase micro-channel and membrane bioreactors to dramatically increase the intensity of whole-cell oxidations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
L/I-4 Living donor liver transplants with alemtuzumab induction and steroid-free tacrolimus monotherapy

Introduction: Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) is a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody that results in prolonged depletion of T and other immune cells. Patients and methods: Alemtuzumab (30 mg IV x1) was used for induction in 45 consecutive right lobe adult-to-adult living donor liver transplants (RLALDLTs) from 6/10/03 to 9/20/05 at the Starzl Transplantation Institute. Maintenance immunosuppression was with steroid-free tacrolimus monotherapy, which was weaned when possible. The mean preoperative MELD score was 12.4 (6 to 25); mean follow-up was 18.6 + 8.6 months. Results: Our 1-year recipient and graft survival rates were 93.3% and 91.1%, and compare well to UNOS data (89.1%, 79.3%). The cumulative acute cellular rejection (ACR) incidence was 0% at 1 mos, 2.4% at 2 mos, 4.8% at 3 mos, 7.3% at 4 mos, 8.9% at 12 mos, and 11.1% at 18 mos. Preweaning ACR was 8.9% (n=4) and only 1 patient had post-weaning ACR. Weaning was attempted in 38% (n=17) of recipients. At follow-up, of the 39 living patients, 19 are maintained on daily tacrolimus monotherapy, 7 on qod tacrolimus monotherapy, and 7 on 3x/week tacrolimus monotherapy. The 18.6-mos recipient and graft survival rates were 88.9% and 86.7%. The mean total bilirubin of our survivors is 0.83 (+ 0.51). There were minimal infectious complications, with no incidence of tissue-invasive CMV disease, no PTLD, and no posttransplant insulin-dependent diabetes. Discussion: This study represents the largest series to date of RLALDLT recipients undergoing alemtuzumab induction and steroid-free tacrolimus monotherapy, and confirms the short-term safety and efficacy of this approach.
Cell ensemble modeling of metabolic oscillations in continuous yeast cultures

Continuous cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit autonomous oscillations under certain environmental conditions. Three distinct type of oscillations have been experimentally observed and characterized: glycolytic oscillations, respiratory oscillations and cell cycle related oscillations. Because they are metabolically driven and independent of cell cycle progression, glycolytic and respiratory oscillations are well suited for the study of intracellular metabolism and regulatory dynamics. The incorporation of metabolic structure within the cell population balance equation (PBE) framework leads to computational infeasibility due to the high dimensionality of the cell distribution function. An alternative approach based on large ensembles of metabolically structured cell models is shown to be effective for modeling the synchronization of glycolytic and respiratory oscillations. A simple method for computing transient number distribution functions from ensemble simulation data is presented. The paper concludes with a brief overview of our future work on ensemble modeling of respiratory and cell cycle related oscillations.
Remarks on mod-ln Representations, l=3, 5

Abstract Let l =3 or 5. For any integer n >1, we produce an infinite set of triples ( L , E 1 , E 2 ), where L is a number field with degree l 3( n −1) over Q and E 1 and E 2 are elliptic curves over L with distinct j -invariants lying in Q , such that the following conditions hold: (1) the pairs of j -invariants { j ( E 1 ), j ( E 2 )} are mutually disjoint, (2) the associated mod- l n representations G L =Gal( L / L )→ GL 2 ( Z / l n ) are surjective, (3) for almost all primes p of L , we have l n ∣ a p ( E 1 ) if and only if l n ∣ a p ( E 2 ), and (4) the two representations E i [ l n ]( L ) are not related by twisting by a continuous character G L →( Z / l n ) × . No such triple satisfying (2)–(4) exists over any number field if we replace l by a prime larger than 5. The proof depends on determining the automorphisms of the group GL 2 ( Z / l n ) for l =3, 5 and analyzing ramification in a branched covering of “twisted” modular curves.
Universal architecture for matrix transposition

A new real-time architecture for matrix transposition is presented. This architecture exploits the inherent parallelism and pipelining of the transposition operation resulting in an efficient mapping of the operation (algorithm) onto the structure. More importantly, this architecture is a universal implementation of executing matrix transposition because it allows data to flow in and out of the structure in either serial or parallel fashion. This architecture has potentially wide applications in real-time data processing, particularly in the areas of signal processing, FFT computations, multidimensional image processing, robotic-vision, database manipulation etc. A basic cell is defined which represents a matrix element and is capable of handling data K bits in width. For a N*N matrix, N/sup 2/ basic cells are connected in a pipelined fashion along the N rows (N columns) of the matrix with the interconnection between adjacent rows (columns) organised in a serpentine fashion. The architecture has a very small execution time and low communication complexity. The simplicity and regular nature of the structure combined with the local interconnection of the elements makes VLSI implementation of the architecture possible.
A PCR Assay To Discriminate Human and Ruminant Feces on the Basis of Host Differences in Bacteroides-Prevotella Genes Encoding 16S rRNA

Our purpose was to develop a rapid, inexpensive method of diagnosing the source of fecal pollution in water. In previous research, we identified Bacteroides-Prevotella ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR markers based on analysis. These markers length heterogeneity PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism distinguish cow from human feces. Here, we recovered 16S rDNA clones from natural waters that were close phylogenetic relatives of the markers. From the sequence data, we designed specific PCR primers that discriminate human and ruminant sources of fecal contamination.
Predicting length of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome in methadone-exposed neonates.

Objective The objective of the study was to identify maternal variables predicting length of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of infants treated for NAS during 2000-2006 whose mothers were on methadone maintenance at delivery. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to examine the interaction of maternal and neonatal variables with length of treatment. Results Of 204 neonates born to methadone exposed mothers, the average dose at delivery was 127 mg daily (25-340 mg) with median length of treatment 32 days (1-122 days). Trimester of initial exposure ( P = .33), methadone dose at delivery ( P = .198), body mass index ( P = .31), antidepressant use ( P = .40), cigarette use ( P = .76), race ( P = .78), and maternal age ( P = .84) did not predict length of treatment. In the multivariate analysis, gestational age at delivery and benzodiazepine use were significant predictors of length of treatment. Conclusion Later gestational age and concomitant benzodiazepine use were associated with longer treatment.
Anyan's Story: A New Guinea Woman in Two Worlds

Anyan's Story:. New Guinea Woman in Two Worlds. Virginia Drew Watson. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997. 208 pp.
Diagnosis of bromethalin toxicosis in the dog

Dogs given a single oral dose of bromethalin at 6.25 mg/kg developed a toxic syndrome charac- terized by hyperexcitability, tremors, seizures, depression, and death within 15-63 hours after bromethalin administration. Gross lesions included mild cerebral edema (2/5) and mild pulmonary congestion (2/5). His- tologic lesions included diffuse white matter spongiosis (5/5), mild microgliosis (3/5), optic nerve vacuolization (3/5), mild thickening of Bowman's capsule (2/5), and occasional splenic megakaryocytes (2/5). Ultramicroscopic examination of midbrain stem revealed occasional swollen axons, intramyelinic vacuolization, and myelin splitting at the intraperiod line. Bromethalin was detected in kidney, liver, fat, and brain tissues, using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Photodegradation of extracted bromethalin may limit accurate quantification of tissue residues. Acute, single-feeding rodenticides containing 0.01% bromethalin were introduced in 1985. a,b,c Bromethalin- based rodenticides are pelleted (tan or green color) grain- based products that contain 0.75-1.5 ounces (21-42 g) of bait in paper "place pack" enve1opes. l In the ex- posed animal, bromethalin is N-demethylated by he- patic microsomal enzymes (cytochrome P450) to form the desmethylbromethalin metabolite (Fig. 1). 2,11 The biochemical mechanism of action for bromethalin- based rodenticides differs from anticoagulant and cho- lecalciferol-based rodenticides and involves the un- coupling of oxidative phosphorylation. 2,11,12 Oxidative phosphorylation is dependent upon the normal func- tion of mitochondria1 cytochromes and is the primary means of ATP production in nervous tissues. Uncou- pling of oxidative phosphorylation by bromethalin and desmethylbromethalin, therefore, results in a lack of adequate ATP production and disruption of ATP de- pendent Na+-K+ ion channel pumps. 11 Disruption of normal ion pump activity in the central nervous system results in the development of cerebral edema and el- evated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP). Addition- ally, brain and spinal cord moisture and cation con- centrations are elevated in rats given a lethal oral dose of bromethalin. 11
A Study of Escherichia coli Adenylosuccinate Synthetase Association States and the Interface Residues of the Homodimer

The state of aggregation of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Escherichia coli is a point of controversy, with crystal structures indicating a dimer and some solution studies indicating a monomer. Crystal structures implicate Arg143 and Asp231 in stabilizing the dimer, with Arg143 interacting directly with bound IMP of the 2-fold related subunit. Residue Arg143 was changed to Lys and Leu, and residue Asp231 was changed to Ala. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation of the wild-type and the mutant enzymes indicate a mixture of monomers and dimers, with a majority of the enzyme in the monomeric state. In the presence of active site ligands, the wild-type enzyme exists almost exclusively as a dimer, whereas the mutant enzymes show only slightly decreased dissociation constants for the dimerization. Initial rate kinetic studies of the wild-type and mutant enzymes show similar kcat and Km values for aspartate. However, increases in the Km values of GTP and IMP are observed for the mutant. Changes in dissociation constants for IMP are comparable with changes in Km values. Our results suggest that IMP binding induces enzyme dimerization and that two residues in the interface region, Arg143 and Asp231, play significant roles in IMP and GTP binding.
Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles via a robust “solvent-deficient” method

We report an efficient, general methodology for producing high-surface area metal oxide nanomaterials for a vast range of metal oxides, including at least one metal oxide nanomaterial from nearly every transition metal and semi-metal group in the periodic table (groups 3–4 and 6–15) as well as several from the lanthanide group (see Table 1). The method requires only 2–3 simple steps; a hydrated metal salt (usually a nitrate or chloride salt) is ground with bicarbonate (usually NH4HCO3) for 10–30 minutes to form a precursor that is then either untreated or rinsed before being calcined at relatively low temperatures (220–550 °C) for 1–3 hours. The method is thus similar to surfactant-free aqueous methods such as co-precipitation but is unique in that no solvents are added. The resulting “solvent-deficient” environment has interesting and unique consequences, including increased crystallinity of the products over other aqueous methods and a mesoporous nature in the inevitable agglomerates. The products are chemically pure and phase pure with crystallites generally 3–30 nm in average size that aggregate into high surface area, mesoporous agglomerates 50–300 nm in size that would be useful for catalyst and gas sensing applications. The versatility of products and efficiency of the method lend its unique potential for improving the industrial viability of a broad family of useful metal oxide nanomaterials. In this paper, we outline the methodology of the solvent-deficient method using our understanding of its mechanism, and we describe the range and quality of nanomaterials it has produced thus far.
Toll-like receptors and innate immune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus

A series of discoveries over the past several years has provided a new paradigm for understanding autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. The discoveries of pattern recognition receptors and of how these receptors can be recruited into autoimmune responses underpin this paradigm. The implications of these observations continue to unfold with ongoing investigation into the range and specificity of pattern recognition receptors, into how immune complexes containing nucleic acids trigger these receptors, into how endogenous macromolecular 'danger signals' stimulate innate immune responses, and into the effect of pattern recognition receptor activation on various cell types in initiating and perpetuating autoimmunity. The development of clinical trials using therapeutic agents that target components of the innate immune system suggests that these advances may soon culminate in new medications for treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Two Approaches to Police Ethics

Two kinds ofproblems are encountered in police ethics, and different approaches are neededfor each. The first set of issues centers around integrity: taking bribes, giving perjured testimony, or inflicting serious harm on suspects through use of illegalforce. These are instances of obvious misconduct. For that reason, the approach police officers need is not ethical analysis (in most cases, that would be superfluous) but instead one thatfocuses on creating in officers the disposition to do what is right. By contrast, the second set involves hard choices in law enforcement, with ethical analysis thus needed to supplement our uncertain judgments of right and wrong. Furthermore, analysis can also help pre-service criminal justice students acquire the skills needed to make informed judgments of their own about the hard choices they will later encounter as police officers. Both approaches can be expected to play important roles in the education ofpolicepersonnel as law enforcement continues its development tow...
Matrix multiplication on the MasPar using distance insensitive communication schemes

Two parallel matrix multiplication algorithms are presented in this paper. These algorithms execute on a grid with toroidal connections. Their novelty is the utilization of communication schemes which theoretically are distance insensitive; the impact on the communication and computational complexities and costs compared with a theoretical analysis, is analyzed and evaluated. The proposed algorithms have been implemented on a MasPar array. An experimental evaluation of these algorithms is performed. A comparison is made for matrix multiplication between the MasPar and the SUN-4/390. >
Subspecies of Rosa nutkana and R. woodsii (Rosaceae) in Western North America

Three subspecies of Rosa nutkana C. Presl and five of R. woodsii Lindley are recognized in western Canada and the United States, including four changes in combination and/or status: Rosa nutkana subsp. melina (Greene) W. H. Lewis & Ertter, R. woodsii subsp. arizonica (Rydberg) W. H. Lewis & Ertter, R. woodsii subsp. manca (Greene) W. H. Lewis & Ertter, and R. woodsii subsp. gratissima (Greene) W. H. Lewis & Ertter. Rosa nutkana subsp. melina and R. woodsii subsp. manca occur at high elevations of the southern Rocky Mountains and Colorado Plateau of Colorado and Utah with outlying populations in Arizona, Idaho, New Mexico, and Wyoming; R. woodsii subsp. arizonica is found at lower elevations of Arizona and the Colorado Plateau; and R. woodsii subsp. gratissima occurs in the mountains surrounding the Mojave Desert and southern Great Basin of California and Nevada, with its variety glabrata (Parish) D. Cole confined to the San Bernardino Mountains of California. Synonyms are provided for appropriate subspecies, 14 lectotypes and one neotype are designated here, and selected exsiccatae are given for newly recognized subspecies. The following names are lectotypified: Rosa bakeri Rydberg, nom. illeg., R. californica Chamisso & Schlechtendal var. ultramontana S. Watson, R. deserta Lunell, R. fendleri Crepin, R. macounii Greene, R. maximiliani Nees, R. megalantha G. N. Jones, R. neomexicana Cockerell, R. nutkana var. alta Suksdorf, R. nutkana var. hispida Fernald, R. nutkana var. pallida Suksdorf, R. rainierensis G. N. Jones, R. spaldingii Crepin ex Rydberg, and R. subnuda Lunell. One neotype is designated: Rosa woodsii Lindley.
Periprosthetic fractures around the femoral stem: overcoming challenges and avoiding pitfalls

Management of periprosthetic fractures around the femoral stem after total hip arthroplasty (THA) represents a significant challenge and optimal treatment remains controversial. The most common treatment paradigm involves treating fractures around a well-fixed stem with osteosynthesis, whereas fractures around a loose stem require revision arthroplasty and those with poor bone require augmentation with bone graft. Paradoxically, the literature reports a higher rate of failure for osteosynthesis around prostheses considered to be well-fixed. Such a high rate of poor outcomes may result not only from difficult fracture fixation and compromised biologic healing, but also from unrecognized peri-implant pathology. Therefore, proper preoperative and intraoperative evaluation is key, and a subset of patients may benefit from alternative management. We review the appropriate methods for evaluation and treatment of Vancouver type B fractures with particular emphasis on avoiding missteps that can lead to failure.
Costs of Health IT: Beginning to Understand the Financial Impact of a Dental School EHR

Health Information Technology (Health IT) constitutes an integral component of the operations of most academic dental institutions nowadays. However, the expenses associated with the acquisition and the ongoing maintenance of these complex systems have often been buried among costs for other electronic infrastructure systems, distributed across various cost centers including unmeasured central campus support, covered centrally and therefore difficult to quantify, and spread over years, denying school administrators a clear understanding of the resources that have been dedicated to Health IT. The aim of this study was to understand the financial impact of Health IT at four similar U.S. dental schools: two schools using a purchased Electronic Health Record (EHR), and two schools that developed their own EHR. For these schools, the costs of creating ($2.5 million) and sustaining ($174,000) custom EHR software were significantly higher than acquiring ($500,000) and sustaining ($121,000) purchased software. These results are based on historical data and should not be regarded as a gold standard for what a complete Health IT suite should cost. The presented data are intended to inform school administrators about the myriad of costs associated with Health IT and give them a point of reference when comparing costs or making estimates for implementation projects.
bwbaugh : Hierarchical sentiment analysis with partial self-training

Using labeled Twitter training data from SemEval-2013, we train both a subjectivity classifier and a polarity classifier separately, and then combine the two into a single hierarchical classifier. Using additional unlabeled data that is believed to contain sentiment, we allow the polarity classifier to continue learning using self-training. The resulting system is capable of classifying a document as neutral, positive, or negative with an overall accuracy of 61.2% using our hierarchical Naive Bayes classifier.1
Concept Creep or Meaningful Expansion? Response to Haslam

As society expands its tolerance for the diversity and plurality of human variation, it decreases its tolerance for harm. Nick Haslam (this issue) coins the term “concept creep” to describe a pheno...
Characteristics of human pointing motions with acceleration

Pointer acceleration is often applied to computer mice and other types of pointing interfaces to increase the effective speed and range of pointing motions without sacrificing precision during slow movements. However, the effects of pointer acceleration are not well understood and have been shown to be detrimental in some cases. We approach the problem of analyzing the effects of pointer acceleration from a systems perspective and show some general properties of a new dynamics model for pointer acceleration. Specifically, using our new model for pointer acceleration, along with the existing VITE model of human pointing motions, we show that the closed loop pointing system is stable for any acceleration profile, assuming there are no feedback delays or perturbations. We additionally show some state and performance bounds for this case, which could potentially be used to design pointing interfaces with acceleration.
Dislocation Core Structure and the Anomalous Yield Behavior of Li2 Ordered Alloys At Elevated Temperatures

In many Li2 ordered alloys the flow stress increases with increasing temperature and is in this “anomalous” regime strongly dependent on orientation and sense of the applied stress. These dependences can be predicted from the nature of the dissociation and core structure of the 1/2〈101〉 screw superpartials in these alloys. Computer modelling shows that two different configurations, a glissile one on {111} planes and a sessile one on {010} planes, exist and both are described here in detail. The anomalous increase of the flow stress may then be explained by an increasing amount of core transformations from the glissile to sessile forms as the temperature increases. The theoretical model for the immobilization of screw dislocations by this mechanism is then discussed and its validity illustrated by comparison with experimental results on Ni3(Al,Ta) single crystals.
Design and analysis of large-core single-mode windmill single crystal sapphire optical fiber

We present a large-core single-mode “windmill” single crystal sapphire optical fiber (SCSF) design, which exhibits single-mode operation by stripping off the higher-order modes (HOMs) while maintaining the fundamental mode. The “windmill” SCSF design was analyzed using the finite element analysis method, in which all the HOMs are leaky. The numerical simulation results show single-mode operation in the spectral range from 0.4 to 2 μm in the windmill SCSF, with an effective core diameter as large as 14 μm. Such fiber is expected to improve the performance of many of the current sapphire fiber optic sensor structures.
Sexual Health Education in Massage Therapy Programs: A Survey of Program Directors.

ABSTRACTMassage therapy program directors completed an online survey to explore sexual education in massage therapy programs. The overall data suggest that program directors are supportive of sexual health education in the training of massage therapists and that such education is integrated into several aspects of their training programs. To enhance sexual health education, massage therapy programs could collaborate with specialists in sex therapy or sexuality education. Massage therapy training may need to include the following topics: working with clients who have been sexually abused, working with transsexual clients, understanding sexual arousal processes, and understanding dynamics between men and women.