cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumors, Cysts, and Tumor Mimickers

This chapter provides an overview of tumors, bone cysts, and tumor mimickers which can present to the emergency room. Various imaging modalities are addressed as are differential diagnoses. The objective is to provide an overview so that each entity is not repeated in other chapters.
Abstract 355: Are Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) Underutilized in Heart Failure? A Pilot Survey of Provider Assessment of LVAD Candidacy and Referral

Background: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is a new therapy for advanced heart failure (HF). The number of HF patients eligible for LVAD and the cardiology providers’ comfort level with referral for LVAD remains unclear. Objective: To assess provider perception of LVAD candidacy and LVAD referral patterns in consecutive HF patients. Methods: Providers completed a survey for each HF patient seen between March 1, 2013 and April 26, 2013. The survey listed standard LVAD candidacy criteria and asked 1) if a patient was an LVAD candidate (yes, no, unsure); 2) reasons patients were not LVAD candidates (check list, table); and 3) whether the patient had been referred for LVAD evaluation (yes, no, unsure). Results: Patients (n=522) were seen in a tertiary HF outpatient clinic (n=357; 68%), a tertiary HF inpatient service (n=36; 7%), a tertiary general cardiology service (n=45; 9%) or a community based outpatient cardiac clinic (n=84; 16%) Median age of patients was 73 years and 65% were male. Provider assessment of LVAD candidacy was “no” in 443 (85%), “yes” in 35 (7%) and “unsure” in 43 (8%) with ineligibility for LVAD attributed to multiple concerns (Table). Ninety percent of patients considered “too old” for LVAD were over 78 years of age. Provider designation of LVAD candidacy as yes or unsure varied across practice setting: tertiary HF outpatient clinic, 12%; tertiary HF inpatient service, 42%; tertiary general cardiology service, 22%; and community based outpatient cardiac clinic, 13%. In patients with a provider designation of LVAD candidacy as yes or unsure (n=78), only 21 (27%) patients had been referred for LVAD evaluation. Conclusion: When provided with LVAD candidacy criteria, providers indicated 15% of HF patients were (7%) or were possibly (8%) LVAD candidates but indicated that few patients had undergone a formal LVAD evaluation. These data suggest that measures to improve evaluation of HF patients for LVAD are needed. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Abstract T P359: Regulation of Cerebral Ceramide Levels after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: Ceramide (Cer) participates in neuronal and oligodendroglial cell death and neuroinflammation. We have previously shown that Cer levels increase in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The goal of this study is to further characterize the origin of Cer after SAH. Methods: Cer and dihydroceramide (DHC) levels as well as the activity of Acid (ASMase) and Neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase) were measured in the CSF of SAH patients and controls. The de novo synthesis of Cer was estimated by correlating Cer with DHC levels using Spearman correlation. The activity of intracellular enzymes that regulate Cer homeostasis including ASMase, NSMase, sphingomyelinase synthase (SMS) and glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) was investigated using the rat model of SAH. Brain homogenates were used for in vitro enzyme activity measurement. The results were compared using non-parametric analysis. Results: A total of 26 SAH patients and 8 controls were included in the study. Compared to controls, SAH patients had higher Cer (12.4±8.8 vs. 53.8±48pmol/ml; p=0.001) and DHC (1.4±1.1 vs. 4.7±3.4pmol/ml; p=0.001) in the CSF. In the SAH group, Cer correlated well with DHC (rho=0.91; p 0.05) and SMS (7.1±0.9% vs. 9.1±3.8%; p>0.05) activities were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The increase of Cer after SAH may be explained by the elevation in both ASMase activity and the de novo Cer biosynthetic pathway. GCS transforms Cer into less toxic glycosphingolipids, suggesting that this enzyme may constitute an endogenous Cer detoxifying mechanism.
A novel spatial tracking loop for laser communication over turbulent unguided optical channels

A spatial tracking strategy for unguided optical communications is proposed. The proposed model assumes an optical link where the major impairment is due to optical turbulence and that the spatial tracking errors due to platform movements have been successfully tracked and compensated. The optical turbulence, which results in large fades, results in a gamma-gamma-distributed signal intensity level at the receiver. Further, it is assumed that the intensity fluctuations have been estimated using estimation strategies proposed recently. In the proposed ST model, the onset of fading is used to maintain the current state of the ST system in order to circumvent the impact of noise on the signal-level-compromised tracking loop under large signal fade condition. Through analytical analysis, it is demonstrated that the proposed loop reduces the standard deviation of the spatial tracking error by a sizable margin as compared with the standard tracking loop (STL).
How to Find Laws of the People's Republic of China: A Research Guide with Selective Annotated Bibliographies

A research guide briefly reviews the major sources of Chinese law and Chinese legal publishing and then presents a selective annotated bibliography covering both primary and secondary sources of Chinese legal information. Internet resources are also provided. While the guide and bibliography focus on English language materials, they also include some important sources published in Chinese. The author concludes by describing a strategy for updating Chinese law using resources available in North America.
Modulation of Autophagy as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease

Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a conserved cellular pathway that regulates the degradation of long-lived proteins, protein aggregates, and cellular organelles. Autophagy is essential for maintaining neuronal homeostasis; however, neuronal autophagic efficiency decreases with age. Therefore, aging is one of the greatest risk factors for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a slowly progressing form of neurodegeneration that develops over the course of 10-20 years prior to the onset of overt clinical symptoms. AD is defined neuropathologically by the presence of extracellular aggregates of the amyloidogenic protein amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. At end-stage Alzheimer's disease, abnormal autophagic pathology has been reported in human brain and in multiple mouse models of AD, suggesting that an intimate association may exist between neuronal autophagy stasis and Alzheimer's-related pathology. Here, we highlight recent evidence that the autophagic pathway plays a role in both the generation and clearance of the pathogenic Aβ protein and its precursors. The primary focus of this review is to examine the compelling research that highlights the autophagic pathway as a therapeutic target for AD and to discuss the therapeutic space around autophagy-regulating programs for AD. Finally, we propose that programs targeting autophagy regulation for AD ought to consider prophylactic or early stage intervention trials based on evidence against druggability of this pathway in late-stage disease.
Nuclear medicine technologist job satisfaction.

The Nuclear Medicine Technology Certification Board (NMTCB) recently conducted a membership survey designed to assess the state of the profession. While the majority of the survey questions were focused on obtaining salary and other compensation-related data, several of the items were designed to
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Shenyang City from 2005-2012

[Objective]To analyze the incidence rate of epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Shenyang City in recent years, study the control strategy,and provide the scientific basis for making the mumps prevention and control plan. [Methods]The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic reporting data of mumps in Shenyang City from 2005-2012. [Results]The average annual reported incidence rate of mumps in Shenyang City from 2005-2012 was 48. 46/lakh,and there was significant difference in annual incidence rate( P 0. 01). The male-to-female ratio was 1. 62 ∶ 1. The average annual reported incidence rate in males and females was 59. 14 / lakh and 37. 51 / lakh respectively,and the difference was significant( P 0. 01). The cases occurred May to June and December to January respectively accounted for 22. 63% and 21. 47% of total cases. 72. 64% of patients were people aged 3-14 years old. The students and preschool children respectively accounted for 62. 21% and 16. 11% of total reported cases.[Conclusion]The average annual reported incidence rate in males is higher than that in females,preschool children and students are the high-risk populations,and the peak seasons are observed at the end of spring and the beginning of summer,and the winter. It is necessary to strengthen the infectious disease prevention and supervision in schools and nurseries to implement the control measures,enhance the health promotion and health education to improve the prevention awareness and level, carry out the epidemic surveillance to make the early warning analysis,and perform the emergency response to the outbreaks to effectively control the spread of the disease.
Effects of grass species on grazing steers: II. Dry matter intake and digesta kinetics.

Animal responses to treatments in grazing experiments frequently remain unexplained because of inadequate pasture and(or) animal measurements. This 2-yr study examined DMI, gastrointestinal tract fill of undigested DM (FILL), rate of digesta passage (ROP), and digesta mean retention time (MRT) for steers grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.), and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.). A randomized complete block design was used with two agronomic replicates. Comparisons in June (yr 1) among continuously grazed switchgrass (SG), flaccidgrass (FG), and bermudagrass (BG) or in May (yr 2) among tall fescue (TF), SG, and FG showed similar digesta kinetics, but different DMI (kg.d-1.100 kg BW-1), among these forages within each sampling. In the June evaluation, the DMI of SG and FG were similar (means = 3.09), DMI of bermudagrass (BG) was lowest (2.23), and fecal DM output (FO) was similar among forages. In the May evaluation, DMI by steers grazing SG (3.90) was higher than that by steers grazing FG (2.97); DMI of tall fescue (TF) was intermediate (3.41) but similar to DMI of FG. Differences in DMI were due to differences in diet in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) rather than to differences in digesta kinetics. In July (yr 2), the MRT was highest for BG (84 h) and similar for SG and FG (57 h). Steers grazing different forages exhibited similar ROP and FILL, but FO (kg.d-1.100 kg BW-1) among steers varied (.37 for steers fed BG; .74 for steers fed SG and FG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Epidemiology of genitourinary melanoma in the United States: 1992 through 2012.

Background Primary melanoma arising in the genitourinary tract is rare and poorly characterized. Objectives We sought to describe the epidemiology of genitourinary melanoma in the United States. Methods Incident case and population data were obtained for genitourinary melanoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 13 Registries Database between 1992 and 2012. Results A total of 817 patients with genitourinary melanoma were identified; most cases occurred in the vulva. The incidence of genitourinary melanoma was much higher in women (1.74/1 million person-years) than men (0.17/1 million person-years). The highest rates occurred among non-Hispanic white women aged 85 years and older. Five-year melanoma-specific and overall survival were poor at 52.4% and 36.3%, respectively. Predictors of poor survival were increasing age, black race, and female sex. Limitations The study population is small, therefore some rates reported may be unstable. In addition, cutaneous, mucosal, and other extracutaneous surfaces of the genitourinary tract cannot be reliably distinguished in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results. Furthermore, melanomas may be underreported to cancer registries. Conclusion From 1992 to 2012, genitourinary melanoma was 10 times more common in women than men. Survival was poor in women compared with men, which is different from cutaneous melanoma where women have a survival advantage.
Develop gap-fill process of shallow trench isolation in 450mm wafer by advanced Flowable CVD technology for sub-20nm node

In this study, a novel Flowable CVD process using non-carbon silicon based precursor has been developed for gap filling in 450mm wafer level, sub-20nm STI structure. To achieve 450mm wafer with aspect ratio 5:1 STI structure, guided DSA patterning and a-carbon hard-mask are applied. The various conditions have been screened in deposition, cure and anneal processes in order to result a void free and less Si damage performance. By SEM viewing and FT-IR analysis, the gap-fill profile and mechanism of film conversion are discussed.
Beam steering of a linearly tapered slot antenna array integrated with quantum dot mode-locked lasers

Beam steering of a linearly tapered slot antenna array integrated with quantum dot mode-locked lasers is presented. The angle difference between main lobes under different bias conditions is observed to be 10° at 10 GHz.
Implementing a Pain Self-Management Protocol in Home Care: A Cluster-Randomized Pragmatic Trial.

Objectives To determine the effectiveness of a cognitive–behavioral pain self-management (CBPSM) protocol delivered by physical therapists (PTs) for use by older adults with activity-limiting pain receiving home care. Design A randomized pragmatic trial comparing delivery of the intervention plus usual care with usual care alone. Setting Community. Participants Individuals aged 55 and older admitted with orders for physical therapy who endorsed activity-limiting pain and reported pain scores of 3 or greater on a scale from 0 to 10 (N = 588). Intervention A CBPSM protocol delivered by PTs. Measurements Primary outcomes were assessed at 60 days using validated measures of pain-related disability, pain intensity, gait speed, and number of activity of daily living (ADL) deficits. Results Of 588 participants, 285 received care from a PT randomized to the intervention and 303 from a PT randomized to the usual care group. Both groups had significant reductions in pain-related disability, pain intensity, and ADL limitations and improved gait speed. No significant treatment differences were identified. There were no consistent treatment differences when interactions and subgroups were examined. Conclusion This real-world pragmatic trial found no effect of implementation of a pain self-management intervention in a home care setting. Despite the lack of positive findings, future studies are indicated to determine how similar protocols that have been found to be effective in efficacy studies can be successfully implemented in routine clinical care.
Identification of potential tissue-specific cancer biomarkers and development of cancer versus normal genomic classifiers.

// Akram Mohammed 1 , Greyson Biegert 1 , Jiri Adamec 1 and Tomas Helikar 1 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA Correspondence to: Tomas Helikar, email: thelikar2@unl.edu Keywords: cancer classification, biomarker identification, microarray gene expression, machine learning, cancer biomarker Received: June 08, 2017 Accepted: September 05, 2017 Published: September 21, 2017 ABSTRACT Machine learning techniques for cancer prediction and biomarker discovery can hasten cancer detection and significantly improve prognosis. Recent “OMICS” studies which include a variety of cancer and normal tissue samples along with machine learning approaches have the potential to further accelerate such discovery. To demonstrate this potential, 2,175 gene expression samples from nine tissue types were obtained to identify gene sets whose expression is characteristic of each cancer class. Using random forests classification and ten-fold cross-validation, we developed nine single-tissue classifiers, two multi-tissue cancer-versus-normal classifiers, and one multi-tissue normal classifier. Given a sample of a specified tissue type, the single-tissue models classified samples as cancer or normal with a testing accuracy between 85.29% and 100%. Given a sample of non-specific tissue type, the multi-tissue bi-class model classified the sample as cancer versus normal with a testing accuracy of 97.89%. Given a sample of non-specific tissue type, the multi-tissue multi-class model classified the sample as cancer versus normal and as a specific tissue type with a testing accuracy of 97.43%. Given a normal sample of any of the nine tissue types, the multi-tissue normal model classified the sample as a particular tissue type with a testing accuracy of 97.35%. The machine learning classifiers developed in this study identify potential cancer biomarkers with sensitivity and specificity that exceed those of existing biomarkers and pointed to pathways that are critical to tissue-specific tumor development. This study demonstrates the feasibility of predicting the tissue origin of carcinoma in the context of multiple cancer classes.
Consideration of the Aluminum Distribution in Zeolites in Theoretical and Experimental Catalysis Research

Research efforts in zeolite catalysis have become increasingly cognizant of the diversity in structure and function resulting from the distribution of framework aluminum atoms, through emerging reports of catalytic phenomena that fall outside those recognizable as the shape-selective ones emblematic of its earlier history. Molecular-level descriptions of how active-site distributions affect catalysis are an aspirational goal articulated frequently in experimental and theoretical research, yet they are limited by imprecise knowledge of the structure and behavior of the zeolite materials under interrogation. In experimental research, higher precision can result from more reliable control of structure during synthesis and from more robust and quantitative structural and kinetic characterization probes. In theoretical research, construction of models with specific aluminum locations and distributions seldom capture the heterogeneity inherent to the materials studied by experiment. In this Perspective, we disc...
Genetic Engineering and Risk in Varietal Selection of Potatoes

The objective of this case study is to examine the farm management decision of whether to adopt a new, genetically engineered potato variety. We describe the potato supply chain from seed production to final consumer products and explore how price and production risk interact to influence decision making at each link in that chain. We provide extensive supplemental material as well, including a teaching note with assignment and/or discussion questions, an introduction to and application of stakeholder theory, and a tool that assists students in calculating expected and simulated actual returns from their choice of potato variety.
Utilization of drugs with pregnancy exposure registries during pregnancy.

Purpose To describe the utilization of drugs with pregnancy exposure registries by trimester during pregnancy, in comparison with matched nonpregnant episodes and a pre-pregnancy period. Methods We identified live-born deliveries from women aged 10 to 54 years and matched the pregnancies 1:1 with nonpregnant episodes from a comparator cohort not delivering live-born infants, using data from 2001 to 2013 in the Sentinel Distributed Database. We evaluated the utilization of 34 drugs with pregnancy exposure registries, comparing utilization during pregnancy to the matched nonpregnant episodes, and to the 90 days before pregnancy. Results We identified 1 895 597 pregnancies ending in live births in 1 598 697 women and 1 895 597 matched nonpregnant episodes in 1 582 581 women. We observed a lower prevalence of use for most drugs during pregnancy compared with the matched nonpregnant episodes, and the 90-day pre-pregnancy period. The median (interquartile range) prevalence ratio of use, at any time during pregnancy, for all products was 0.2 (0.1-0.3) comparing pregnant to nonpregnant episodes. Overall, there was a decrease in drug utilization by trimester; from 2.6% in the 90 days preceding pregnancy to 2.1% in the first trimester, 1.1% in the second trimester, and 0.9% in the third trimester. Conclusions Among drugs with pregnancy exposure registries, use was less during pregnancy compared with before pregnancy and to the matched nonpregnant episodes. The lower utilization during pregnancy suggests that women may be avoiding these drugs to minimize potentially harmful exposure during pregnancy. This lower utilization may increase the challenges of further studying the safety of these drugs using pregnancy exposure registries.
Matrix structural analysis using finite elements

Although simple finite elements as truss members and beam members in frames have been used in structural analysis for many years, the general finite element methods of analysis have been developped only recently in parallel with the development of digital computers. It is the use of general matrix methods in high speed digital computers that makes the general finite element methods feasible. At the present time the finite element methods are being used extensively in the analysis and design of flight vehicle structures as well as in other types of structures. Many large general purpose computer programs as well as many specialized programs have been developed for the analysis of structures. These computer programs use various finite elements and usually calculate and assemble the element matrices by one of the three methods of analysis described in previous chapters. Most of the general programs use the displacement method of analysis; a few general programs and many specialized programs use the force method of analysis; a few programs use the mixed method, while some programs use more than one method.
Multiple Objective Linear Programming and the Theory of the Firm: I. Substitution and Sensitivity Analysis

The multiple objective linear programming problem is interpreted here as a model of production for a multiproduct firm operating in competitive markets. Feasible and nondominated values of the objective functions in the problem are characterized by means of a polyhedral cone which is dual to the cone generated by the problem data. The generators of extreme rays of the dual cone give rise to a collection of hyperplanes and their associated halfspaces whose intersection is the set of feasible objective function values. Nondominated faces of this set are characterized in terms of the coefficients of equated constraints. Tradeoffs between permissible objective function values are described, and perturbation of right hand side coefficients of the problem constraints and marginal analysis of changes in objective function values are also derived within a uniform analytical framework.
Grounding studies in a medium voltage DC shipboard power system with uncertain parameters

In this paper, the response surface modeling approach is applied to study the effectiveness of different grounding schemes implemented for the mitigation of single-line-to-ground faults in a simulation of a notional Medium Voltage DC shipboard power system. For preliminary exploration multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) models are used to find the functional relationships between the input parameters and response variables. Using the constructed MARS models, Sobol' total sensitivity indices are computed for the models to study possible differences in the sensitivities of the response variables for the different grounding schemes. For final analyses, and for response surface models in which the MARS models show significant prediction error, Gaussian process models are used to account for prediction variance. The work presented herein builds upon analysis previously presented in [1], discussing corrections made to the simulation model, and incorporating additional response surface models.
Aufstellung eines linearen Programmierungsmodells

Angenommen, das zu untersuchende System (das wirklich existieren kann oder das wir konstruieren wollen) sei ein Komplex von Maschinen, Menschen, Gegebenheiten und Vorraten. Es habe gewisse beliebige Grunde fur seine Existenz. Beim Militar mag es sich darum handeln, eine schlagkraftige Truppe aufzustellen, oder bei der Industrie, gewisse Typen von Produkten herzustellen.
Cosmopolitanism in ethnic foodscapes: A geosemiotic, social literacies view of restaurants in Bloomington, Indiana

Abstract This paper opens up a perspective for viewing the effect of globalization on ethnic restaurants in a college town, Bloomington, at Indiana, in the US. While existing scholarship on shop signs were focused on interpreting signages that are mostly visible from the exterior (e.g. Collins & Slembrouck, 2007; Malinowski, 2009; Ong, Ghesquiere, & Serwe, 2013), this study examines publicly displayed material artefacts, and the dialogical relationship between customers and waiters, taking into account one aspect of Scollon and Scollon’s (2003) perceptual space which is highly visible in a restaurant: tastes. Through interviews, participant observations and geosemiotic analysis of signs inside and on the exterior of restaurants, I evinced a configuration of semiotic aggregates (Scollon & Scollon, 2003) drawing from my ethnographic work on ethnic foodscapes. Findings from the study suggest that multiple social actors contributed to shaping cosmopolitanism in a college town.
Epigenetic Heterogeneity in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) genetically distinct subpopulations are commonly observed and predict future evolutionary and clinical trajectories. Similar to the case of intra-tumoral genetic diversity, intra-tumoral epigenetic diversity occurs at the level of DNA methylation, leading to massive stochastic diversification in methylation patterns. Importantly, stochastic "epimutations" impact transcription, clonal evolution and clinical outcome. To robustly differentiate "epidrivers" from the majority of random passenger DNA methylation changes, a novel statistical inference framework has been developed that accounts for the varying epimutation rate across the genome. This framework can also include histone modifications revealing a decrease in the coherence between different epigenetic marks in CLL and consistent with intra-leukemic epigenetic diversity. Finally, multi-omic single-cell sequencing techniques further allow for tracking of epimutations and inferring high-resolution lineage trees. Disclosures Landau:Pharmacylcics: Honoraria.
High-Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging of the Cranial Arterial System and Rete Mirabile of the Cat (Felis catus)

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of obtaining high-resolution multiplanar computed tomography (CT) imaging of the cranial arterial circulation of the cat (Felis catus), the rete mirabile, and components of the skull, utilizing preserved cat specimens with an arterial system that was injected with a radiopaque contrast compound in the early 1970s. Review of the literature shows no high-resolution CT studies of the cat's cranial circulation, with only few plain radiographic studies, all with limited cranial vascular visualization. In view of the inability of the radiographic techniques available from 1970s to mid-2000s to provide high-resolution imaging of the arterial circulation within the intact skull and brain of the cat, without dissection and histologic sectioning and disruption of tissues, no further imaging was performed for many years. In 2010, a high-resolution micro CT scanner became available, large enough to scan the entire nondissected head of the arterially injected cats. All the obtained CT images were processed with a software program that provided 3D volume rendering and multiplanar reconstruction with the ability to change the plane angulation and slab thickness. These technical features permitted more precise identification of specific arterial and bony anatomy. The obtained images demonstrated, with a nondestructive method, high-resolution vascular anatomy of the cerebral, orbital, facial arterial system, the rete mirabile, and skull bone components of the cat, with details not previously described in the literature. Anat Rec, 302:1958-1967, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Chapter 12 – Future directions in alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions

The number of available dehydrogenases has exploded with the appearance of hundreds of complete genome sequences. The vast number of potential substrate- and stereospecificities represented in this resource has the potential to revolutionize the use of dehydrogenases in organic synthesis, but only if methods for harnessing and applying their power can be developed. Achieving this goal will require advances in computational, analytical and protein-screening technologies.
Inuit Visual and Sensate Sovereignty in Alethea Arnaquq-Baril’s Angry Inuk

L’auteure soutient que le documentaire de 2016 d’Alethea Arnaquq-Baril, Angry Inuk (Inuk en colere), cree, grâce au cinema, des espaces de « souverainete visuelle » centres sur l’« agentivite senso...
Cardiac Lymphoma Presenting with Recurrent STEMI

The incidence of primary cardiac tumors is exceedingly rare, whereas secondary cardiac tumors are more common in the global population. Cardiac involvement is seen in approximately 18% of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the time of autopsy. Clinical manifestations of cardiac involvement are subtle and often go unrecognized until advanced stages of the disease. We present a rare case of metastatic cardiac lymphoma that presented as an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular free wall rupture and cardiogenic shock due to transmural myocardial necrosis from malignant cell infiltration.
Nuclear Potential of Final State Nucleons and Nucleons Plus Pions in Lepton Nucleus Scattering

Within the impulse approximation, the modeling of the energy of final state leptons in electron and neutrino quasielastic and pion production processes on nuclear targets in the region of the $\Delta$ resonance depends on several parameters. These parameters include the removal energy of the initial state nucleon from the nucleus $\epsilon^{P,N}$, the potentials of electrons, nucleons and pions in the Coulomb field of the nucleus $|V_{eff}|$, and the kinetic energy dependent nuclear potential for final state nucleons ($U^{QE}_{opt}$) and "nucleon plus pion" final states in the region of the $\Delta$ resonance which we refer to as $U^{\Delta}_{opt}$. We extract these parameters from electron scattering data. Previous studies have shown that real part of the optical potential for a nucleon bound in $_{6}^{12}C$ at zero kinetic energy $U^{P,N}_{opt}(T=0)\approx$ 44 MeV is larger than that for the $\Delta$(1232) resonance $U^{\Delta}_{opt}(T=0)\approx$ 30 MeV. We find the reverse at higher kinetic energies. For example at T=100 MeV we find a nucleon potential $U^{P,N}_{opt}(T=100 MeV)$=20$\pm$5 MeV and $U^{\Delta}_{opt}(T=100 MeV)$= 30$\pm$5 MeV. The two results are consistent for two reasons. First, theoretically the kinetic energy dependence of the $\Delta$ potential is flatter than that of the nucleon. Secondly, in our analysis the extracted $U^{\Delta}_{opt}$ values are the nuclear potential for {\it"nucleon plus pion"} final states in the region of the $\Delta$ resonances and therefore includes contributions from both resonance and non resonance pion production processes. For Monte Carlo generators that only include the effects of Fermi motion and nuclear potentials, the relevant parameter is the effective nuclear potential for the "nucleon plus pion" final state.
Accuracy: Adaptive Calibration of Cubesat Radiometer Constellations

Recent technological developments have enabled usage of constellations of radiometer carrying CubeSats in scientific remote sensing missions. CubeSats, forming such constellations, on the other hand, bring unique challenges in terms of calibration of their instruments as they are easily impacted by ambient conditions. To address this problem, a constellation level calibration framework called “Adaptive Calibration of CUbesat RAdiometer Constellations (ACCURACy)” is introduced in this paper. The framework utilizes machine-learning algorithms such as principal component analysis and density based clustering to separate constellation members into time-adaptive groups of similar-state radiometers based on their telemetry data. Within each group, all radiometers will contribute to a calibration data pool with their absolute calibration measurements. Such shared data pools, which include measurements of different calibration targets at different times, will facilitate frequent N>2-point absolute calibration; thus, reduce and quantify calibration errors and uncertainties.
Allied Maritime Command

This component command, Maritime Command (or simply MARCOM), is responsible for synchronizing sea power dedicated to NATO and NRF exercises and operations. More pointedly, this chapter looks at such issues as the breadth and depth of NATO maritime missions, the availability and use of command and control vessels, and will also provide an understanding of its application in such real-world operations like the NATO counterpiracy mission off the Horn of Africa in recent years.
The limitations of bankruptcy prediction models: Some cautions for the researcher

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate potential problems associated with the use of bankruptcy prediction models in current research. The tests in this study demonstrate the problems that may arise when bankruptcy prediction models are inappropriately applied. This analysis evaluated the Zmijewski (1984) and Ohlson (1980) models using time periods, industries, and financial distress situations other than those used to originally develop the models. The findings indicated that both models were sensitive to time periods. That is, the accuracy of the models declined when applied to time periods different from those used to develop the models. The findings also suggest that the accuracy of each model continues to decline moving from the 1988–1991 to the 1992–1999 sample period. Additionally, Ohlson's (Zmijewski's) model was (was not) sensitive to industry classifications. The findings of this study also suggest that the Ohlson and Zmijewski models are not sensitive to financial distress situations other than those used to develop the models. Thus, the models appear to be more generally useful for predicting financial distress, not just bankruptcy. In sum, the results of this study suggest that researchers should use bankruptcy prediction models cautiously. Applying the models to time periods and industries other than those used to develop the models may result in a significant decline in the models' accuracies. Additionally, some bankruptcy prediction models may be more appropriate for evaluating various forms of financial distress as opposed to just bankruptcy. To avoid erroneous applications of bankruptcy prediction models in the future, it is necessary for researchers not only to understand the uses of prediction models, but also to understand the limitations of the models.
Single-sided membrane introduction mass spectrometry for on-line determination of semi-volatile organic compounds in air.

Construction, optimization, and testing of a novel single-sided configuration for a semi-permeable [poly(dimethylsiloxane); PDMS] membrane introduction system for mass spectrometry is described. On-line detection of semi-volatile organic compounds of environmental interest is shown, including lindane (a pesticide), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) (an explosive), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (an antioxidant), 1,2-dichlorobenzene, dimethylmethyl phosphonate (DMMP) (a chemical warfare agent simulant) and naphthalene. The technique has limits of detection in the sub-ppb range, with rise times of 4 to 7 s and fall times of 12 to 36 s and a response that is linear over 4 orders of magnitude (from 0.1 ppb to 1000 ppb for DMMP). The cycle time, from crude air sampling to acquisition of results, is approximately 1 min. No sample preparation is necessary.
What is the evidence base for the newer ventilation modes

New ventilation modes are introduced as answers to current clinical conundrums but also as marketing tools. Rarely is a mode introduced with sound evidence from bench, animal, and patient testing. The industry cannot support the extensive testing required to demonstrate the superiority of a new mode or technique. Instead, clinicians often rely on their own experience and the results of small observational trials that show positive effects on surrogate variables such as oxygenation and work of breathing or less tangible variables such as patient comfort. This report reviews the newer ventilation modes and attempts to find the evidence among the claims and confusion.
High-precision measurement of 235 U ground-state hyperfine structure by laser-rf double resonance

The laser-rf double-resonance technique has been used to make precise (±1-kHz) measurements of four hyperfine intervals in the atomic ground state of 235U. It is found that A = −60.559 ± 0.003 MHz and B = 4104.15 ± 0.20 MHz, uncorrected for second-order effects.
Integrating Multi-Agent Systems: A Case Study

Intelligent Agent technology provides an appropriate framework to integrate knowledge with efficient production actions in distributed organizations. Integration of knowledge depends on balanced information representation within and across heterogeneous organizations. Integrating information within a specific environment can be helped by the deployment of standards and common practices. However, it is harder to attempt such a smooth integration with the information of foreign organizations. It is the challenge of this paper to present an architecture that provides a first step towards successful integration of separate multi-agent systems in a real life control domain.
Determining sets and best L1-approximation

Abstract Let B be a finite-dimensional subspace of L1[−1, 1]. A measurable set E ⊂[−1, 1] is a determining set for B if F = f ϵ B on the set E makes f a best approximation to F in B. The existence and structure of these sets are studied in general and for particular subspaces, like the polynomials Pn of degree n or less. If n ⩾ 2, then any determining set E for Pn has Lebesgue measure m(E) > 1, and also for these determining sets lim m(E) → 1 f E F dm = ( 1 2 )f [−1, 1] F dm for all F ϵ L1[−1, 1]. This asymptotic uniform distribution of determining sets for these subspaces is also examined through some explicit constructions of these sets.
Stereotyped neuropil branching of an identified stomatogastric motor neuron.

Anatomical studies of the crab stomatogastric ganglion (STG) have suggested only minimal organization within the neuropil of this structure. Here, we present evidence that, for at least one intrinsic neuron type, the ventricular dilator (VD) neuron, a highly organized and stereotyped branching structure exists within the stomatogastric neuropil. Specifically, we show the morphology of the VD neuron consists of a single primary neurite that projects from the soma into the neuropil and bifurcates into a pair of subprimary neurites, which in turn exit the neuropilar region, one entering the left and the other the right medial ventricular nerve. Nearly all secondary neurite branching of the VD neuron is from the subprimary neurites. There are approximately 22 secondary branches/neuron (range 14-28), with no significant difference between the number of secondary branches off the right vs. the left subprimary neurite, although the ratio of secondary branches between subprimaries varies (range 0.4-1.6). The fine neurites that branch from the secondary processes segregate hemispherically within the neuropil, based on the subprimary neurite of origin. Within this hemispherical organization, another level of fine neurite segregation is present, namely, the fine neurites derived from each secondary branch are restricted to discrete regions of the hemisphere with only minimal overlap with those derived from other secondary branches. Monte Carlo simulations show that this segregation differs significantly from a random distribution. The organization of branching seen in the VD neuron may play a critical role in the electrotonic and local computational organization of this neuron and sets the stage for physiological experimentation addressing these issues.
Values in Qualitative and Quantitative Research

The authors identify the philosophical underpinnings and value-ladenness of major research paradigms. They argue that useful and meaningful research findings for counseling can be generated from both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, provided that the researcher has an appreciation of the importance of philosophical coherence in working within a particular research tradition. Moreover, the authors recognize that the research world is one of methodological pluralism; they discuss particular critical values central to conducting research and evaluating research findings. Finally, the authors demonstrate that there is not a 1 -to-1 correspondence between a research method and the research paradigm.
Tolmiea diplomenziesii: A new species from the Pacific Northwest and the diploid sister taxon of the autotetraploid T. menziesii (Saxifragaceae)

Tolmiea diplomenziesii, the diploid entity traditionally treated within a broadly circumscribed Tolmiea menziesii, is here formally described. Evidence is provided that this new species represents the diploid sister lineage to T., menziesii, which is re-circumscribed to include only autotetraploid plants. The diploid and autotetraploid entities are compared, and serve as an example of the level of taxonomic evidence for specific status that we consider appropriate for recognition of a cytological entity as a distinct species.
Indexing and mining topological patterns for drug discovery

Increased availability of large repositories of chemical compounds has created new challenges and opportunities for the application of data-mining and indexing techniques to problems in chemical informatics. The primary goal in analysis of molecular databases is to identify structural patterns that can predict biological activity. Two of the most popular approaches to representing molecular topologies are graphs and 3D geometries. As a result, the problem of indexing and mining structural patterns map to indexing and mining patterns from graph and 3D geometric databases.In this tutorial, we will first introduce the problem of drug discovery and how computer science plays a critical role in that process. We will then proceed by introducing the problem of performing subgraph and similarity searches on large graph databases. Due to the NP-hardness of the problems, a number of heuristics have been designed in recent years and the tutorial will present an overview of those techniques. Next, we will introduce the problem of mining frequent subgraph patterns along with some of their limitations that ignited the interest in the problem of mining statistically significant subgraph patterns. After presenting an in-depth survey of the techniques on mining significant subgraph patterns, the tutorial will proceed towards the problem of analyzing 3D geometric structures of molecules. Finally, we will conclude by presenting two open computer science problems that can have a significant impact in the field of drug discovery.
Phasic air movement model of respiratory regulation of carbon dioxide balance

Abstract A model of the external respiratory mechanism of man is described. This model is designed to simulate the breathing pattern of the chest and balance CO 2 exchanges by means of a proportional controller sensitive to intracerebral P CO2 based upon the summarized equation of Lloyd. Breathing is produced by applying the output of a hybrid modulated oscillator to simplified “chest” equations consisting of dead space, compliance, and airway resistance. With a single set of parameters inhalation of CO 2 , “exercise,” variation of rate and depth, and response to increased airway resistance are simulated. Qualitatively the simulations are good to plausible. The model illustrates some new features of physiological model construction and also the fact that a fairly coarse representation is adequate to many apparently disparate simulations.
The circulation density and its role in 3D turbulence

Abstract The scaling argument applied to the vorticity cascade in 2D turbulence results in the well-known k −3 energy spectrum. Kelvin theorem for the velocity circulation generalizes the vorticity conservation law on the 3D fluids. Using the Kelvin theorem and the incompressibility of the fluid one can derive Lagrangian conservation of a quantity having the physical meaning of a circulation density. Integrated over the entire space, the powers of the circulation density form a series of the motion integrals which coincides with the vorticity series in the 2D limit. We will discuss the question of applicability of the scaling arguments to the cascades of the geometrical integrals in 3D turbulence. We will see that the cascades of all but one circulation integrals are ruled out by the reconnection kinematics. The only exception is the integral corresponding to the total volume of the vortex tubes, whose cascade corresponds to the k −3 energy spectrum. Relation of the circulation density to the Clebsch variables will be considered. We will see that the circulation density can be chosen as one of the Clebsch variables. In the case of the stationary flows, such Clebsch variables becomes an action-angle pair.
A natural laboratory to study arsenic geobiocomplexity

Research on seafloor hydrothermal activity has focused primarily on deep-sea black smoker-type locations, which are found along volcanically active portions of the mid-ocean ridges and in deep back-arc basins. Submarine hydrothermal activity, however, is not confined to deepwater environments. Hydrothermal vents have been documented on the tops of seamounts, on the flanks of volcanic islands, and in other near-shore environments characterized by high heat flow. Their easy accessibility, relative to deep-sea hydrothermal systems, makes them excellent natural laboratories to study a wide range of chemical, physical, and biological processes.
Solar fluorescence model of CH3D as applied to comet emission

Abstract We developed a solar fluorescence emission model for the ν 4 band of CH 3 D for application to low-density, optically thin environments like cometary atmospheres. Our model utilizes transition frequencies, energy levels, and line strengths from the HITRAN 2008 database. We calculated the statistical weights of states with A-type and E-type spin symmetry, the partition functions for each spin manifold as a function of rotational temperature, and the Einstein A - and B -coefficients for individual rotational–vibrational transitions. We used these parameters to construct a database of fluorescence efficiencies ( g -factors) at rotational temperatures relevant to cometary atmospheres. The effects of nuclear spin temperature and rotational temperature on the resulting g -factors are disentangled and modeled separately. The primary application of this model is to constrain the abundance ratio CH 3 D/CH 4 in cometary ice, a possible cosmogonic parameter. We present the upper limit for CH 3 D/CH 4 in comet C/2007 N3 (Lulin) using our model and illustrate the ability of current spectrometers to stringently constrain astrochemical model predictions for CH 3 D/CH 4 in the early solar system.