cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New constraints on the late Cenozoic incision history of the New River, Virginia

Abstract The New River crosses three physiogeologic provinces of the ancient, tectonically quiescent Appalachian orogen and is ideally situated to record variability in fluvial erosion rates over the late Cenozoic. Active erosion features on resistant bedrock that floors the river at prominent knickpoints demonstrate that the river is currently incising toward base level. However, thick sequences of alluvial fill and fluvial terraces cut into this fill record an incision history for the river that includes several periods of stalled downcutting and aggradation. We used cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating, aided by mapping and sedimentological examination of terrace deposits, to constrain the timing of events in this history. 10Be concentration depth profiles were used to help account for variables such as cosmogenic inheritance and terrace bioturbation. Fill-cut and strath terraces at elevations 10, 20, and 50 m above the modern river yield model cosmogenic exposure ages of 130, ∼600, and 600–950 ka, respectively, but uncertainties on these ages are not well constrained. These results provide the first direct constraint on the history of alluvial aggradation and incision events recorded by New River terrace deposits. The exposure ages yield a long-term average incision rate of 43 m/my, which is comparable to rates measured elsewhere in the Appalachians. During specific intervals over the last 1 Ma, however, the New River's incision rate reached ∼100 m/my. Modern erosion rates on bedrock at a prominent knickpoint are between ∼28 and ∼87 m/my, in good agreement with rates calculated between terrace abandonment events and significantly faster than ∼2 m/my rates of surface erosion from ancient terrace remnants. Fluctuations between aggradation and rapid incision operate on timescales of 104− 105 year, similar to those of late Cenozoic climate variations, though uncertainties in model ages preclude direct correlation of these fluctuations to specific climate change events. These second-order fluctuations appear within a longer-term signal of dominant aggradation (until ∼2 Ma) followed by dominant incision. A similar signal is observed on other Appalachian rivers and may be the result of sediment supply fluctuations driven by the increased frequency of climate changes in the late Cenozoic.
Hillslope Nutrient Flux During Near-Stream Vegetation Removal I. A Multi-Scaled Modeling Design

At the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Appalachians of western North Carolina, a near-stream vegetation manipulation experiment is being conducted to determine the effect of removal of streamside Rhododendron maximum L. on the export of hillslope nutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg, N, P, S) and organic matter. Experimental hillslope transects that span topographical flowpaths from a local highpoint to the stream have been instrumented with lysimeters and TDR rods at two depths, as well as with streambed and streambank piezometers. We present a review of studies of nutrient flux in the riparian zone of forested watersheds. In the southern Appalachians, we hypothesize that R. maximum is a keystone species at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic systems, with extensive near-stream thickets having a possible impact on carbon and nutrient transport into streams. We present the conceptual basis and initial implementation of a model-based experimental design to test the effect of R. maximum removal on hillslope nutrient and organic matter export in upland watersheds. The model is terrain-based and will be used to extrapolate elemental flux measurements both spatially from the hillslope to watershed scale and temporally for various climate regimes. The model consists of three modules: (1) objective terrain analysis (TAPES-C); (2) a dynamic interception canopy module; (3) a hillslope hydrology module (IHDM4) with a 2-D Richard’s equation of subsurface moisture dynamics. Calibration and validation of the model will occur at two scales: at the hillslope scale, using well, lysimeter, and TDR data; at the watershed scale, using streamflow measurements across a variety of storm types. We show watershed terrain analysis for the experimental watershed (WS56) and discuss use of the model for understanding effects of watershed management of riparian zone processes.
Inductance Model of Interdigitated Power and Ground Distribution Networks

A closed-form expression is presented in this brief to accurately estimate the effective inductance of a single layer within an interdigitated power and ground (P/G) distribution network. Due to the large number of P/G lines in these networks, excessive time is required to calculate the inductance using 3-D simulation tools. The proposed expression is favorably compared with previous models and FastHenry, exhibiting accuracy and computational efficiency. The inductance of a single layer within an interdigitated P/G distribution network is bounded for any number of lines. The error of the proposed expression rapidly decreases with an increasing number of pairs within the network. The upper bound for the error of the proposed model is also determined.
A Passive Microfluidic Valve using Superhydrophobic/Hydrophilic Nanostructures for Lab-on-A-Chip (LOC) Systems

This paper describes a passive microfluidic valve, which has an integrated superhydrophobic surface in one of the channels to selectively inhibit the flow of water based reagents and pass aqueous solutions containing surfactants. The microchannels were fabricated by standard photolithography and wet etching techniques. The superhydrophobic polymer patch was fabricated using the layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition technique, in which multiple layers of polyelectrolytes were coated on a channel wall followed by silica nanoparticle treatment. The channels were sealed with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab by treating under oxygen plasma. The fabricated microfluidic valve was tested with liquids flowing in the microchannels under capillary action. It is shown that the valve selectively regulates the flow of test samples. The water sample stops at the front of superhydrophobic patch and the 2-isopropanol flows through the channels without any resistance.
Vowel Epenthesis and Segment Identity in Korean Learners of English.

Recent literature has sought to understand the presence of epenthetic vowels after the productions of postvocalic word-final consonants by second language (L2) learners whose first languages (L1s) restrict the presence of obstruents in coda position. Previous models include those in which epenthesis is seen as a strategy to mitigate the effects of coda licensing restrictions in the L1; others see epenthesis as a result of misperception of consonant releases in the L2 as indicating the presence of an additional syllable nucleus. The current study examines segmental identification and syllable counting in inexperienced Korean learners of English as a foreign language. Across stimuli, two effects were found. Increased perceptual epenthesis correlated with increased identification of a segment as voiceless, indicating a joint perception of voicelessness and an epenthetic vowel. Also, rate of epenthesis increased with accuracy of detecting sibilants and coronal segments, sounds characterized by salient consonant noise. Taken together, these results indicate a perceptual mechanism that evaluates segmental content and prosodic structure from an integrated percept. Analyses across individual listeners do not support a model in which perceptual epenthesis is a strategy to increase segmental accuracy; rather, they support models in which both syllable counting and segmental identification are skills that are reflections of increased proficiency in the L2. These results are discussed with respect to models of L2 phonology that rely on the robust encoding of lexical items.
Epigenetics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal chronic lung disorder with no effective treatment and a prognosis worse than that of lung cancer. Despite extensive research efforts, its etiology an...
Viscous fluid motion in a spinning and nutating cylinder

Abstract : Spin-stabilized projectiles with liquid payloads can experience a severe flight instability characterized by a rapid yaw-angle growth and a simultaneous loss in spin rate. Laboratory experiments and field tests have shown that this instability originates from the internal fluid motion in the range of high viscosity. After evaluation of the experimental data and analysis of the equations for the fluid motion in a spinning and nutating cylinder, we have developed a simple model of this flow. Disregarding the finite length of the cylinder, this model provides the flow field and the viscous contribution to the liquid moments in analytical form. At low Reynolds number, the flow field agrees well with computational results for the center section of a cylinder of aspect ratio 4.3. The roll moment caused by this flow largely agrees with experimental data for a wide range of reynolds numbers. Estimates of the temperature variation indicate that discrepancies at very low Reynolds numbers may originate from associated changes of the viscosity during the experiments. The flow in an infinitely long cylinder has been utilized as a basic flow subject to axially periodic cellular disturbances. Both, the inviscid and the viscous situations have been studied. Parametric excitation of the cellular motions has been found at low Reynolds numbers. A small experiment has been designed to visualize this cellular motion in a finite-length cylinder.
Predictive factors associated with adverse events in patients with toxic colitis: an analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project.

Abstract Background Toxic colitis (TC) is a potentially lethal complication of inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project dataset was queried to identify emergent colectomy for a primary diagnosis of TC using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. The study endpoints were 30-day mortality and 30-day morbidity. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to study factors associated with 30-day mortality. Results Of the 189 TC patients, mortality for colectomy was 26.5%, 42.3% experienced pulmonary complications, 20.6% experienced sepsis complications, 17.5% experienced cardiovascular complications, 12.7% experienced renal complications, and 14.8% experienced wound complications. On multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with mortality were age 70 to 80 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.5), age greater than 80 (OR 22.2), female sex (OR 4.1), uremia blood urea nitrogen greater than 40 (OR 4.1), coagulopathy international normalized ratio greater than 2 (OR 7.7), preoperative respiratory failure (OR 2.73), and preoperative steroid use (OR 3.9). Conclusions Patients with TC are very ill. Poor outcome is associated with older age, female sex, preoperative azotemia, preoperative respiratory failure, and chronic steroid use. These factors will help acute care surgeons in preoperative risk assessment and could be an important addition to decision-making strategies.
Advances in disease biology: Therapeutic implications

The survival and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells are largely dependent on a supportive microenvironment. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known for its ability to support cell growth and prevent apoptosis, and clinical trials using monoclonal antibodies to block IL-6 or its receptors are underway. Apoptosis of myeloma cells triggered by corticosteroids is mediated by related focal adhesion tyrosine kinase (RAFTK); blocking RAFTK inhibits this apoptosis-inducing effect IL-6 activates SHP2, which inhibits RAFTK activation, thereby protecting multiple myeloma cells from the apoptotic effects of corticosteroids. Therefore, SHP2 and RAFTK might be appropriate targets for therapeutic interventions in multiple myeloma. Angiogenesis is also prominent in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the important endogenous factors that promote angiogenesis. An understanding of the process of angiogenesis in myeloma is necessary, because its inhibition offers promising prognostic and therapeutic implications. Thalidomide has recently been found to have both antiangiogenic and immunostimulating effects, and may be an important new antimyeloma agent. Immune-based therapies will likely play an increasing role in the treatment of multiple myeloma, and novel approaches are directed to generating immune responses to specific multiple myeloma antigens.
A Survey on Methods for Broadband Internet Access on Trains

We present a survey of approaches for providing broadband Internet access to trains. We examine some of the barriers that hinder the use of broadband Internet on trains and then discuss some of the opportunities for broadband deployment to trains. This survey considers some of the basic concepts for providing broadband Internet access and then reviews associated network architectures. The review of network architectures shows that we can subdivide networks for providing broadband Internet access to trains into the train-based network, the access network-for connecting the train to the service provider(s)-and the aggregation network-for collecting user packets generated in the access network for transmission to the Internet. Furthermore, our review shows that the current trend is to provide Internet access to passengers on trains using IEEE 802.11; however, a clear method for connecting trains to the global Internet has yet to emerge. A summary of implementation efforts in Europe and North America serves to highlight some of the schemes that have been used thus far to connect trains to the Internet. We conclude by discussing some of the models developed, from a technical perspective, for testing the viability of deploying Internet access to trains.
Microparticle surface-enhanced second-harmonic generation

We examine second-harmonic generation in a composite medium consisting of a single microsphere embedded in a potassium diphosphate crystal. If the incident pump wave is linearly polarized with respect to one of the crystal’s axes, then all the second-harmonic radiation produced is due to the presence of the microsphere. We evaluate the angular distribution of the second-harmonic radiation and find it to be roughly quadrupolar in nature. The total cross section is of the order of 5 × 10−8r02, where r0 is the sphere radius at pump powers of 10 MW/mm2. This represents an enhancement of greater than 100.
Effect of rotational and intramode vibrational coupling on short-pulse amplification in CO 2

The extraction of stored energy from a CO 2 -laser amplifier by a short-duration input pulse is described using a rate-equation theory. The influence of rotational and intramode vibrational energy-transfer processes is studied as a function of the energy density E in and width τ p of the input pulse. By a suitable choice of normalized variables δ and E_{in}/E_{sat} for the extracted-energy and input-energy density, it is found that the results for different values of τ p are interrelated by simple translations in a δ versus E_{in}/E_{sat} diagram. The characteristic curves in this diagram are nearly independent of the amplifier gain factor \exp (\alpha_{0}L) for high-gain systems. A comparison of the theory with experimental results of Figueira et al. shows satisfactory agreement and leads to an estimate of (1.0-3.5) 10-6s-1torr-1for the rate of intra-mode vibrational-vibrational (VV) energy transfer in CO 2 .
How Many Visual Concepts

Visual scenes require complex description and modeling that involves more than a list of words. The visual semantic concept basis is larger than the number of unique words. More efforts are needed to build out the set of visual semantic concepts.
Mechanism of Escherichia coli inactivation on palladium-modified nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide

The cellular responses of Escherichia coli to visible light photocatalysis were characterized by chemical, optical, electron-beam, and surface-force techniques, to elucidate the mechanisms of photocatalytic inactivation of E. coli on PdO/TiON fiber. The characterization techniques included chemical assays, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fluorescence microscopy using the Live/Dead BacLight kit indicates that the photocatalytic treatment resulted in severe membrane damage to the E. coli cells. SEM, AFM and TEM revealed drastic defects in the morphology and internal sub-structure of the bacterial cells after the treatments. Combining data from our previous reports on the antimicrobial properties of visible-light-activated PdO/TiON photocatalyst, the present results point to oxidative attack from the exterior to the interior of the bacteria by hydroxyl radicals as the primary mechanism of photocatalytic inactivation.
Adherence to Oral Medications for Hypertension and Diabetes in Veterans with Comorbid Airflow Limitation.

Rationale: Diabetes and hypertension are common among patients with airflow limitation and contribute to cardiovascular (CV) mortality, one of the leading causes of death among patients with airflow limitation. Objectives: Our goal was to examine the association of severity of airflow limitation with adherence to medications for hypertension and diabetes.Methods: We identified 7,359 veterans with hypertension and/or diabetes in the Veterans Integrated Service Network-20. Entry date into the cohort was defined as the date of a patient’s first pulmonary function testing (PFT). Diagnostic codes (ICD-9), PFT, and pharmacy data were available via the electronic medical record or via direct interrogation of PFT equipment. Our primary exposure was airflow limitation defined as FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted (normal), 80 > FEV1 ≥ 50% predicted (mild/moderate), 50 > FEV1 ≥ 30% predicted (severe), and FEV1 < 30% predicted (very severe). We assessed adherence using a validated method based on electronic pharmacy refill data a...
Interprocess run-to-run feedforward control for wafer patterning

We consider run-to-run feedforward control from lithography to etch in wafer patterning. Under feedforward control, measured deviations in photoresist linewidth are corrected automatically by adjustment of etch bias. Two potential problems with feedforward control are listed: (1) the possibility of feeding measurement noise forward exists and could result in increased final CD variability, and (2) it may be difficult to adjust etch bias without disturbing other important etch characteristics. First, a controller design that addresses concern (1) is considered. Models of the lithography and measurement errors along with minimum mean square error estimation are employed to reduce the chances of acting on erroneous measurements. Building on the first, a second controller is then designed to address concern (2). The controller selects a recipe from a pre-qualified set rather than making arbitrary etch adjustments. It is assumed the recipes in the set provide a means for adjusting etch bias while guaranteeing acceptable results for other characteristics. Both controllers are simulated using industrial data.
Finite-temperature depolarization in half metals

The temperature dependence of the spin polarization of type-I half-metallic ferromagnets is investigated and compared with that of other magnetic materials, such as semimetals, strong and weak ferromagnets, and exchange-enhanced Pauli paramagnets. Stable atomic moments, as realized by strong intra-atomic exchange, exhibit a nonzero spin-down density of states (DOS) at finite temperatures. This thermal spin mixing means that the conductivity of the 'insulating' spin channel is always nonzero and that half-metallic ferromagnetism is an idealized limit. At zero temperature, similar effects are caused by intersublattice interactions, spin–orbit coupling and crystal imperfections. With increasing interatomic hopping, the moment becomes unstable, and Stoner-type thermal excitations yield an additional reduction of the spin polarization. In the Stoner limit, the hybridization gap closes far below the Curie temperature, and the corresponding transition temperature T* increases with increasing hybridization gap and decreasing band width. Correlations are analysed by a version of the Kondo model and by an unrestricted Hartree–Fock approximation, and it is argued that correlations are less important than the leading one-electron contributions.
CLONAL DIVERSITY IN THE UNISEXUAL FISH POECILIOPSIS MONACHA-LUCIDA: A TISSUE GRAFT ANALYSIS

At present, the adaptive significance of genetic recombination is not well understood. Although numerous theoretical biologists have attempted to identify the advantages of recombination, a consensus has yet to be reached. Among the various conclusions are: (1) that recombination is advantageous because it increases the potential rate of population genetic change (Fisher, 1930; Muller, 1932), (2) that recombination is advantageous because it reduces "mutational load" (Muller, 1964), and (3) that recombination is disadvantageous in low fecundity organisms but persists because asexuality is evolutionarily risky (Williams, 1975; see also Stanley, 1975). Resolution of this problem requires data from natural populations. With the development of electrophoresis as a population genetics tool in recent years, much has been learned about the genetic structure of sexual populations. However, little comparative data exist on the genetic structure of unisexual populations. The few electrophoretic surveys of genetic variation in unisexual populations that do exist have revealed high levels of genetic variability (Suomalainen and Saura, 1973; Lokki et al., 1975; Parker and Selander, 1976; Vrijenhoek et al., 1977, 1978), indicating that the evolutionary potential of these populations may not be as limited as previously believed. These results are especially remarkable considering that electrophoretic methods sample only a fraction of the total genetic content of populations. The capability of an electrophoretic study to identify the different
A New Species of Kirschsteiniothelia (Pleosporales) with an Unusual Fissitunicate Ascus

Kirschsteiniothelia elaterascus, a new species from freshwater habitats, is described. This fungus has all the characteristics of the genus Kirschsteiniothelia including mammiform, black ascomata, ...
Inheritance of Wide Compatibility of Rice and Its Utilization in Breeding of Indica/Japonica Hybrid

It was drawn great attention by rice researchers that the offspring of hybrids crossed by indica and japonica variety posses strong heterosis. But following difficulties which need to be solved such as low seed-setting rate, longer duration, taller plant of F1 were met while direct utilizing this kind of heterosis in hybrid rice breeding. This paper considers the problems of low seed-setting rate and longer duration utilization of weak photo-sensitive wide compatibility parents respectively, and meanwhile utilization of sutiable wide compatibility parents can greatly increase the grain-filled degree. The settlement of above problems can largely promote the development of indica/japonica hybrids from research to commercial production.
Tissue Culture System for Different Hybrid of Indica Rice

Abstract The effect of varieties and media compositions on callus induction from rice anther and subsequent plant regeneration was studied. The results showed that the callus induction was not significantly different in different media, but mostly depended on genotypes; mean frequency of callus induction on F 1 hybrid varieties showed that the medium supplemented with 100 mg · L −1 concentration of the proline was useful for callus induction; when the anther derived callus sub-cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg · L −1 ), KT (1.0 mg · L −1 ), IAA (0.25 mg · L −1 ) and NAA (0.5 mg · L −1 ) for plant regeneration, the frequency of regeneration ranged from 0 to 54.17%, and the highest differentiation index reached 30.5 after sub-cultured for three times; the plants were rooted after transferred to 1/2MS medium with NAA (0.5 mg ·L −1 ) and IAA (0.5 mg · L −1 ).
Optimal continuous production-inventory systems subject to stockout risk

This paper studies a continuous-review production-inventory system with a constant production rate and compound Poisson demands, in which the cost of the system is assessed with holding cost and stockout penalty. For any initial inventory, we derive closed form expression for the expected discounted cost function until stockout occurrence. We quantify the risk of stockout in terms of the average time to stockout occurrence. The objective is to derive the optimal production rate that minimizes the expected discounted system cost subject to a given risk level of stockout. With the aid of the explicit forms of stockout risk and the cost function, we present a computation-efficient algorithm for the optimal solution. For the special cases with proportional stockout penalty function, if the demands follow an exponential distribution, we have a closed form expression for the expected discounted cost. Some numerical studies are conducted to illustrate our results with further insights. Numerically, we show that it is outrageously costly to reduce stockout risk especially when the stockout risk is relatively low. Our results shed light on the inventory risk control and cost optimization. The major results and the developed algorithm can be leveraged to facilitate continuous-production manufacturers, especially pharmaceutical firms, with their Production Process Validation.
Using simulation to address care of the transgender patient in nursing curricula

This descriptive study explored the use of simulation as a means to increase cognitive and reflective practice as well as determining if simulation can alter perceptions and attitudes related to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community. This manuscript describes how student nurses perceive their role when providing care to and, more specifically, the care of transgender patients. The research question asks: How does a transgender simulation impact the attitudes and beliefs of nursing students related to the LGBT community? One-hundred and fifty-nine students, with a subset of 120 students attending a school in central Florida and 50 students attending a Connecticut programme, participated in the completion of the instruments. The Gender Affirmative Practice (GAP) scale was used to evaluate their attitudes and practice concerning LGBT issues. Findings suggest that the majority of the students rarely or never discuss pertinent sexual orientation issues. Students are not comfortable creating a climate that allows for self-identification by gay/ lesbians, despite admitting to being open and accepting the LGBT community with their faculty. Limitations were based on multisite location and the use of the GAP. It is important for nursing students, and healthcare providers, to acknowledge and recognise the unique vulnerabilities of transgender persons who are seeking healthcare. The exposure to transgender individuals in a clinical setting may be limited; therefore, the use of simulation will offer the opportunity to examine their beliefs and reflect on their attitudes towards this population. Simulation incorporating mental health issues is a newer training technique in which psychosocial aspects of healthcare are addressed.
Congestion Control for Infrastructure-Based CRNs: A Multiple Model Predictive Control Approach

In this paper, we investigate the problem of robust congestion control in infrastructure-based cognitive radio networks (CRN). We develop an active queue management (AQM) algorithm, termed MAQ, based on multiple model predictive control (MMPC). The goal is to stabilize the TCP queue at the base station (BS) under disturbances from the varying service capacity for secondary users (SU). The proposed MAQ scheme is validated with extensive simulation studies under various types of background traffic and system/network parameters. It outperforms two benchmark schemes with considerable gains in all the scenarios considered.
Abstract 16796: Myocardial Fibrosis is Associated With Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function

Background: Elevated LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) leads to high pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in type II pulmonary hypertension (PH) with preserved LV systolic function (pEF) through unclear mechanisms. Myocardial fibrosis (MF), quantifiable by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) extracellular volume fraction (ECV), is common in heart disease and predicts poor outcomes. Hypothesis: We sought to demonstrate an independent association of ECV with PAP as well as adverse outcomes in patients with pEF. Methods: 276 patients without infiltrative heart disease; type I, III, IV PH; or valvular disease, underwent clinical 1.5T CMR and echocardiogram (TTE) within 7 days. 193 patients had pEF (EF>40%), with 55 undergoing catheterization (RHC). ECV was determined as previously described. Events were defined as death or heart failure admission. Results: Median TTE PAP was 33mmHg (range: 10-68); median ECV was 29.5% (range: 19-44). Univariable analysis showed modest correlation of ECV with TTE PAP (R 2 =0.08, p 2 =0.13, p 2 =0.30, p=0.01). Multivariable stepwise regression in pEF identified ECV, E/e’, left atrial volume index, RV size to be predictive of TTE PAP (R 2 =0.34, p=0.01). ECV did not correlate with PAP among those with EF Survival analysis of pEF cohort demonstrated worse outcomes in patients with ECV > median (Figure 1, log-rank p Conclusions: In a type II PH enriched cohort, ECV independently associated with PAP as well as outcomes in patients with pEF after adjustment for relevant confounders. This observation suggests that MF may affect LVEDP and subsequent PAP elevations, thus leading to adverse outcomes.
Fatty acids in an iteroparous fish: variable complexity, identity, and phenotypic correlates

Ecologists often focus on summarized composition when assessing complex, multivariate phenotypes such as fatty acids. Increasing complexity in fatty acid composition may offer benefits to individua...
Mecanismos de comunicación en pacientes laringectomizados

RESUMEN El cancer laringeo representa el 25% de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello. Para los carcinomas laringeos T1 tratados con radioterapia o cirugia laser, no existe diferencia significativa en cuanto a la calidad de voz percibida por el paciente entre ambas formas terapeuticas. La laringectomia total sigue siendo utilizada como la alternativa terapeutica en carcinomas avanzados. La perdida de la capacidad de fonacion es una consecuencia de esta cirugia, por lo que existe un variado abanico de mecanismos de comunicacion que ofrecerle al paciente. Las alternativas clasicas comprenden: erigmofonacion, laringe electronica y valvula traqueoesofagica. Dentro de este escenario, han surgido nuevas alternativas en los ultimos anos como son conversion estadistica de voz GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model), proyecto SWARA y el proyecto “Mi propia voz”.
Depth-first vs best-first search

We present a comparison of three well known heuristic search algorithms: best-first search (BFS), iterative-deepening (ID), and depth-first branch-and-bound (DFBB). We develop a model to analyze the time and space complexity of these three algorithms in terms of the heuristic branching factor and solution density. Our analysis identifies the types of problems on which each of the search algorithms performs better than the other two. These analytical results are validated through experiments on different problems. We also present a new algorithm, DFS*, which is a hybrid of iterative deepening and depth-first branch-and-bound, and show that it outperforms the other three algorithms on some problems.
Electroconvulsive therapy for neuropathic pain: a case report and literature review.

OBJECTIVE To describe a case of intractable brachial plexopathy-induced neuropathic pain syndrome treated with electroconvulsive therapy after a failed trial of conventional drugs and interventional pain management. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old male had chronic intractable neuropathic pain of the right upper extremity and shoulder for about 10 years, due to brachial plexopathy. He tried multiple pain medications and underwent various interventional pain procedures without significant pain relief. When the patient subsequently developed severe depression with suicidal ideation, he underwent electroconvulsive therapy, which significantly improved the depression and pain for two months. DISCUSSION There is a growing list of non-psychiatric conditions that may be treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Chronic intractable pain with or without depression has been on and off the list for years. Further studies may eventually demonstrate efficacy of ECT for intractable neuropathic pain syndromes.
Changes in tissue oxygen tension, venous saturation, and Fick-based assessments of cardiac output during hyperoxia.

BACKGROUND Hyperoxemia (arterial oxygen tension >100 mm Hg) may occur in critically ill patients and have effects on mixed venous saturation (SvO2 ) and on Fick-based estimates of cardiac output (CO). We investigated the effect of hyperoxemia on SvO2 and on assessments of CO using the Fick equation. METHODS Yorkshire swine (n = 14) were anesthetized, intubated, and paralyzed for instrumentation. SvO2 (co-oximetry) and tissue oxygen tension (tPO2 , implantable electrodes) in brain and myocardium were measured during systematic manipulation of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2 ) using graded hyperoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen 0.21 → 0.8). Secondarily, oxygen- and carbon dioxide-based estimates of CO (FickO2 and FickCO2 , respectively) were compared with measurements from a flow probe placed on the aortic root. RESULTS Independent of changes in measured oxygen delivery, cerebral and myocardial tPO2 increased in proportion to PaO2 , as did SvO2 (P < 0.001 for all). Based on mixed model analysis, each 100 mm Hg increase in PaO2 resulted in a 4.8 ± 0.9% increase in SvO2 under the conditions tested. Because neither measured oxygen consumption, arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation or cardiac output varied significantly during hyperoxia, changes in SvO2 resulted in successively increasing errors in FickO2 during hyperoxia (34% during normoxia, 72% during FiO2 0.8). FickCO2 lacked the progressively worsening errors present in FickO2 , but correlated poorly with CO. CONCLUSION SvO2 acutely changes following changes in PaO2 even absent changes in measured DO2 . This may lead to errors in FickO2 estimates of CI. Further work is necessary to understand the impact of this phenomenon in disease states.
Long-Distance PDM-32QAM 3-Mode Fibre Transmission Over 1000 km Using Hybrid Multicore EDFA/Raman Repeated Amplification with Cyclic Mode Permutation

We demonstrate 1000-km long-distance transmission of PDM-32QAM signals over a few-mode fibre transmission line. We employed multicore EDFA and distributed Raman amplification at the repeater in combination with cyclic mode permutation, which improved OSNR and suppressed MDL and DMD impact.
A Young Man at the Periphery of the Profession

Nathan Glazer's intellectual journey may have left him at the margins of academic sociology but tookhim to the heart of one of the most politically influential circles of American writers, policy analysts, andthinkers of the twentieth century. Yet he was not a political person, but a uniquely honest and humble socialcritic and analyst.
The forensic significance of pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma of the lung

Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinomas (PMC) are rare tumors that clinically, macroscopically, and sometimes histologically resemble malignant pleural mesotheliomas. We report a case of a 91 year woman who was found to have diffuse nodular pleural thickening and a lung mass during a workup for persistent cough. She declined rapidly and died before a histologic diagnosis could be made. Postmortem examination revealed a tumor that diffusely involved the pleural surface with local extension into the chest wall, pericardium, and diaphragm along with a concurrent lung mass. Histologic examination showed poorly-differentiated cells predominantly arranged in sheets, cords, and nests with focal glandular differentiation. An immunohistochemical panel of calretinin, WT1, BEREP4, MOC31, and TTF1 confirmed the diagnosis of primary lung adenocarcinoma. The macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features used to distinguish metastatic and primary lung adenocarcinoma from epithelioid malignant mesothelioma are discussed. The distinction of malignant mesothelioma from pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma is important for medicolegal reasons regarding asbestos related compensation claims.
The Association of Late-Life Diabetes Status and Hyperglycemia With Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The ARIC Study.

OBJECTIVE We sought to examine associations in older adults among diabetes, glycemic control, diabetes duration, and biomarkers of hyperglycemia with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and incident dementia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis of 5,099 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study who attended the fifth (2011–2013) exam. Cognitive status was assessed during follow-up via telephone calls, death certificate codes, surveillance, and a follow-up examination (2016–2017). We defined incident cognitive impairment as incident MCI or incident dementia in persons dementia-free at the index examination; we also examined each outcome separately. Diabetes was defined using self-report, medications, or HbA 1c ≥6.5%; poor glycemic control in persons with diabetes was defined as HbA 1c ≥7%. We examined the following biomarkers of hyperglycemia: HbA 1c , fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol. RESULTS Mean age at baseline was 76, 59% were female, and 21% were black. Diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14 [95% CI 1.00, 1.31]), poor glycemic control in persons with diabetes (HR 1.31 [95% CI 1.05, 1.63]), and longer diabetes duration (≥5 vs. 1c and incident dementia. Glycated albumin and fructosamine were also associated with incident dementia, independently of HbA 1c . HbA 1c and fructosamine were also associated with incident MCI. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes status, poor glycemic control, and longer diabetes duration were associated with worse cognitive outcomes over a median follow-up of 5 years.
Prediction of Precision for Purity Methods.

Abstract Methods that determine the relative purity of biopharmaceuticals represent the most widely used form of analysis for the pharmaceutical industry. The ability to rapidly assess method capability or the uncertainty of measurements under actual use conditions continues to present significant challenges. We have refined and applied the model of Uncertainty Based on Current Information to predict the precision of the purity measurements and compared the predicted precision to the measured variability for several different types of purity methods. The measured method variability was derived from the analysis of data sets ranging from hundreds to thousands of measurements for each different method type. The predicted precision was found to be in excellent agreement with the statistically obtained values with R2 = 0.94. This demonstration of concurrence between the predicted and actual precision provides an opportunity for streamlining laborious conventional (statically derived) assessment of method precision and leveraging the Uncertainty Based on Current Information model utilizing much smaller data sets or even a single experiment.
What makes people happy? An empirical investigation of panel data

Happiness is complicated. Extensive studies explored potential factors that might influence subjective well-being; however, one’s happiness should not be determined by a singular factor such as a c...
Evaluation of RNA Interference for Control of the Grape Mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

The grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn, 1900) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a significant pest of grapevines (Vitis spp.) and a vector of disease-causing grape viruses, linked to its feeding on phloem sap. The management of this pest is constrained by the lack of naturally occurring resistance traits in Vitis. Here, we obtained proof of concept that RNA interference (RNAi) using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules against essential genes for phloem sap feeding can depress insect survival. The genes of interest code for an aquaporin (AQP) and a sucrase (SUC) that are required for osmoregulation in related phloem sap-feeding hemipteran insects (aphids and whiteflies). In parallel, we investigated the grape mealybug genes coding non-specific nucleases (NUC), which reduce RNAi efficacy by degrading administered dsRNA. Homologs of AQP and SUC with experimentally validated function in aphids, together with NUC, were identified in the published transcriptome of the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri by phylogenetic analysis, and sequences of the candidate genes were obtained for Ps. maritimus by PCR with degenerate primers. Using this first sequence information for Ps. maritimus, dsRNA was prepared and administered to the insects via an artificial diet. The treatment comprising dsRNA against AQP, SUC and NUC significantly increased insect mortality over three days, relative to dsRNA-free controls. The dsRNA constructs for AQP and NUC were predicted, from sequence analysis to have some activity against other mealybugs, but none of the three dsRNA constructs have predicted activity against aphids. This study provides the basis to develop in planta RNAi strategies against Ps. maritimus and other mealybug pests of grapevines.
Is adjuvant chemotherapy beneficial for stage II-III goblet cell carcinoid/goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix?

Abstract Background Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC), formerly known as goblet cell carcinoid, of the appendix constitutes less than 14% of all primary appendiceal neoplasms. Surgical resection is the main treatment and the role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is not established. This study aims to evaluate the impact of AC in stage II-III appendiceal GCC. Methods Patients with pathological stage II and III GCC who underwent surgical resection between 2006 and 2015 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) using ICD-O-3 morphology and topography codes: 8243/3 (goblet cell carcinoid) and C18.1. Patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic and/or radiation therapy and adjuvant radiation were excluded. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted, and Kaplan-Meier Curves were used to compare overall survival (OS) based on treatment received with Log-rank test. Results A total of 619 patients were identified. 54.4% males and 89.0% Caucasian; median age 56 (range, 23–90) years. Distribution across pathological stages II-III was 82.7% (N = 512) and 17.3% (N = 107) respectively. AC was administered in 9.4% (N = 48) of stage II and 47.7% (N = 51) of stage III patients. For stage II patients, AC was not associated with better OS in univariate (HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.04–2.34; p = 0.261) or multivariable analyses (HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.04–2.12; p = 0.221). By contrast, in stage III patients, AC was associated with better OS in univariate (HR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17–0.71; p = 0.004) and multivariable analyses (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.07–0.88; p = 0.031). In the entire cohort 5-year OS for patients that received AC was 85.5% (74.0%, 92.1%) versus 82.7% (77.5%, 86.8%) (p = 0.801) with no AC. For stage II patients, 5-year OS was 96.9% with AC vs. 89.1% with no AC (p = 0.236). For stage III patients, 5-year OS was 77.1% with AC vs. 42.8% with no AC (p = 0.003). Conclusion AC was associated with improved OS in patients with pathological stage III GCC of the appendix, but not with pathological stage II.
Spatial behavior of northern flying squirrels in the same social network

U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceUS Fish & Wildlife Service; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; National Park Service; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Pittman-Robertson [W-66-R-1]; US Fish and Wildlife Endangered Species Recovery Implementation [F11AC01265]; National Park Service Southern Appalachian Cooperative Ecosystem Study Unit [P12AC13175]; West Virginia Division of Highways [T699-FLY/SQ-1.00]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific ResearchMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [11F01701] Funding Source: KAKEN
Essential Roles for RNA in Shaping Nuclear Organization

It has long been proposed that nuclear RNAs might play an important role in organizing the structure of the nucleus. Initial experiments performed more than 30 years ago found that global disruption of RNA led to visible rearrangements of nuclear organization. Yet, this idea remained controversial for many years, in large part because it was unclear what specific RNAs might be involved, and which specific nuclear structures might be dependent on RNA. Over the past few years, the contributions of RNA to organizing nuclear structures have become clearer with the discovery that many nuclear bodies are enriched for specific noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs); in specific cases, ncRNAs have been shown to be essential for establishment and maintenance of these nuclear structures. More recently, many different ncRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in initiating the three-dimensional (3D) spatial organization of DNA, RNA, and protein molecules in the nucleus. These examples, combined with global imaging and genomic experiments, have begun to paint a picture of a broader role for RNA in nuclear organization and to uncover a unifying mechanism that may explain why RNA is a uniquely suited molecule for this role. In this review, we provide an overview of the history of RNA and nuclear structure and discuss key examples of RNA-mediated bodies, the global roles of ncRNAs in shaping nuclear structure, and emerging insights into mechanisms of RNA-mediated nuclear organization.
Protein requirements of soccer

Although the physical demands of soccer have been studied frequently over the years, there has been little attention to the dietary protein needs of soccer players. Recent data from both moderate-i...
Body size of infants and children around the world in relation to socioeconomic status.

Publisher Summary This chapter assembles, orders, and systematizes findings from different parts of the world on body size of infants and children in relation to socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic comparisons are colligated for body weight, stature, and several somatic measures of the head, trunk, and limbs. The ontogenetic span investigated extended from birth to age 9 years. More than 500 socioeconomic comparisons of body size of infants and children are discussed. Primary attention was given to comparing offspring of parents at or near the lower end of the socioeconomic continuum with offspring of parents at or near the upper end of the continuum. The 343 obtained differences of this type were all in the direction of paired means being higher for children in upper than lower class families. In 272 instances, a dependable difference in body size of the paired terminal populations could be inferred at p = .01.