cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of Liver Disease and Perioperative Management in Dentistry

The liver has numerous essential functions, and multifactorial liver disease presents many challenges for the delivery of medical and dental care. Dental professionals who treat patients in various stages of the disease must be aware of the associated disturbances in hemostasis and the increased likelihood of bleeding postoperatively and during dental and oral surgical procedures. Thus, managing liver disease patients in the dental office or a hospital requires an understanding of the disease’s progression, an ability to interpret laboratory tests, and proper preparation to manage hemostatic complications.
Stochastic modeling of expansion of starchy melts during extrusion

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a stochastic model for flow behavior of starchy melts inside an extruder barrel and bubble growth dynamics after exiting the extruder and obtain the variability of the end product characteristics, using the variability of operating conditions (screw speed, water injection) and material properties (consistency coefficient). The model was written in Visual Basic and experimentally validated using pilot-scale twin screw extrusion of corn meal based expanded products. Process and product data was measured at different in-barrel moisture contents (19–28 g/100g dry basis) and screw speeds (250–330 rpm). The variability in input parameters was characterized using a Data Acquisition System and Monte Carlo Simulation was used to incorporate this variability into the model. The coefficient of variation (CV) of expansion ratio obtained from the model (0.24–3.11%) compared well with CV of the experimental expansion ratio (2.54–4.89%). This model was also used to conduct sensitivity analysis for understanding which raw material and process characteristics contribute most to product variability. Sensitivity analysis showed that the relative increase in CV of expansion ratio was affected more by the CV of water added in extruder (160.5%) as compared to screw speed (3.25%) and consistency index coefficient (25%).
Health Promotion and People with Intellectual Disability

Targeted health promotion programming is markedly relevant and urgently needed for people with intellectual disability to be able to live, work, learn, and recreate in communities and settings of their choice. This chapter provides an overview of the determinants of health and health promotion for people with intellectual disability. Additionally, this chapter covers an ecological framework to engage people with intellectual disability and their supports in health promotion activities. Examples of successful health promotion initiatives are presented, along with exploration of future directions for promoting health among people with intellectual disability and their supports. Lastly, the chapter discusses the need to develop, test, and implement strategies that operationalize the three core strategies of the Ottawa Charter, “advocate, enable, and mediate,” in order to move health promotion beyond the health care sector for people with intellectual disability.
Enhanced Levoglucosan Yields from the Copyrolysis of Cellulose and High-Density Polyethylene

The wide availability of biomass resources could present a sustainable and alternative feedstock to fossil fuels for the production of energy sources and platform chemicals. Fast pyrolysis is one of the simplest methods for biomass conversion, but producing value-added chemicals via fast pyrolysis is still challenging due to diverse product distributions and low product selectivity. Thermoplastics that melt at high temperatures are potential candidates to trap escaping products from biomass pyrolysis, promoting secondary cellulose pyrolysis reactions for increased product selectivity. In this work, a strategy to promote the yields of levoglucosan (LG), a potential high-value chemical from cellulose pyrolysis, is presented using molten high-density polyethylene (HDPE) for the inhibition of product escape. Cellulose and HDPE mixtures were pyrolyzed with controlled mixing patterns in a custom-made laboratory reactor to investigate the interplay between chemical kinetics and mass transfer. Our experimental re...
Mechanisms for an Amplified Precipitation Seasonal Cycle in the U.S. West Coast under Global Warming

AbstractThe mean precipitation along the U.S. West Coast exhibits a pronounced seasonality change under warming. Here we explore the characteristics of the seasonality change and investigate the un...
Presentation of Data

In this chapter we show how to present the results of a questionnaire survey, using graphs and tables.
TBSA and length of stay impact quality of life following burn injury

Abstract Introduction Burn injuries create physiologic, physical, and emotional effects acutely and long-lasting. Recovery is extensive and requires long-term care. Impaired function related to pain, deconditioning, weakness, and contracture formation are common. We sought to determine factors that impact quality of life (QOL) post recovery. Specifically, to assess whether Health Related QOL (HRQOL) decreases with increasing percent total body surface area (TBSA) and length of stay (LOS). We also explored QOL as a function of burn mechanism. Methods Patients >18 years of age with >9.5% TBSA between 1 and 6 years post-burn injury were contacted by mail and asked if they were willing to participate. Those who agreed responded by returning their completed Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B). Medical records were accessed to determine demographic and treatment information. Results Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between total QOL (total score of BSHS-B) and LOS and TBSA. All domains were negatively correlated with increasing LOS and TBSA. LOS was most strongly correlated with decreasing work function and social function. There were no differences in QOL between burn mechanism. Conclusions QOL is greatly impacted by TBSA and LOS.More attention to body image and returning to work should be given, regardless of the type of burn mechanism.
Solution-Processable Thermally Crosslinked Organic Radical Polymer Battery Cathodes.

Organic radical polymers are promising cathode materials for next-generation batteries because of their rapid charge transfer and high cycling stability. However, these organic polymer electrodes gradually dissolve in the electrolyte, resulting in capacity fade. Several crosslinking methods have been developed to improve the performance of these electrodes, but they are either not compatible with carbon additives or compromise the solution processability of the electrodes. A one-step post-synthetic, carbon-compatible crosslinking method was developed to effectively crosslink an organic polymer electrode and allow for easy solution processing. The highest electrode capacity of 104 mAh g-1 (vs. a theoretical capacity of 111 mAh g-1 ) is achieved by introducing 1 mol % of the crosslinker, whereas the highest capacity retention (99.6 %) is obtained with 3 mol % crosslinker. In addition, mass transfer was observed in situ by using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. These results may guide future electrode design toward fast-charging and high-capacity organic electrodes.
Improving Word Problem Solving of Immediate, Generalized, and Combined Structured Problems via Schema-Based Instruction

Instruction geared toward priming the underlying problem structures was suggested as an evidence-based practice for students with a learning disability. Schema-based instruction is one intervention...
Thermal Effects in Molecular Gas-Filled Hollow-Core Fibers

Molecular gas-filled hollow-core fibers are attractive for pulse compression of Yb lasers. Here, we show that rotational heating prevents efficient spectral broadening at high average powers and find that buffer-gas cooling can mitigate this effect.
Model and learning-based computational 3D phase microscopy with intensity diffraction tomography

Intensity Diffraction Tomography (IDT) is a new computational microscopy technique providing quantitative, volumetric, large field-of-view (FOV) phase imaging of biological samples. This approach uses computationally efficient inverse scattering models to recover 3D phase volumes of weakly scattering objects from intensity measurements taken under diverse illumination at a single focal plane. IDT is easily implemented in a standard microscope equipped with an LED array source and requires no exogenous contrast agents, making the technology widely accessible for biological research.Here, we discuss model and learning-based approaches for complex 3D object recovery with IDT. We present two model-based computational illumination strategies, multiplexed IDT (mIDT) [1] and annular IDT (aIDT) [2], that achieve high-throughput quantitative 3D object phase recovery at hardware-limited 4Hz and 10Hz volume rates, respectively. We illustrate these techniques on living epithelial buccal cells and Caenorhabditis elegans worms. For strong scattering object recovery with IDT, we present an uncertainty quantification framework for assessing the reliability of deep learning-based phase recovery methods [3]. This framework provides per-pixel evaluation of a neural network predictions confidence level, allowing for efficient and reliable complex object recovery. This uncertainty learning framework is widely applicable for reliable deep learning-based biomedical imaging techniques and shows significant potential for IDT.
Do Some Health Insurers Consistently Perform Better than Others

The results of this research were surprising. Consistently, from 2002 to 2016, there is one group of health insurers that perform well and better than others as measured by return on capital (and also return on assets). The group is of those insurers specializing in Medicaid, the public assistance program in the U.S. We do not speculate why the result is so striking, but are delving into ensuring that our methodologies are accurate in arriving at such a result that can inform policymakers in this highly debated arena of health insurance and health care. We use the rich health insurers’ annual filings for 2002-2016. We have non-granular data for return on capital (and assets), care utilization, and medical expenses per insured. We create five distinct health insurance market groupings of insurers: Group, Medicare, Medicaid, Individual and Federal, assigning an insurer to a market if 70+% of its insureds are in that market. Both simple and complex analyses revealed unexpected success for Medicaid specialty insurers. In Simple trend analysis, the median, typical insurer consistently outperformed other specialists and did not show losses. These results remain in more complex regression analyses with many control variables. Another surprising result has to do with the utilization of care services: positive relationship between Medicaid and Medicare specialists’ income and the number of hospital days utilized by their members. For Group specialists (of insured employers), the opposite holds. Importantly, the ACA of 2010 did not affect these surprising results.
Online optimization of file transfers in high-speed networks

File transfers in high-speed networks require network and I/O parallelism to reach high speeds, however, creating arbitrarily large numbers of I/O and network threads overwhelms system resources and causes fairness issues. In this paper, we introduce Falcon that combines a novel utility function with state-of-the-art online optimization algorithms to discover the degree of I/O and network parallelism for file transfer that can maximize the throughput while keeping system overhead low and ensuring fairness among competing transfers. Our extensive evaluations in several dedicated and production high-speed networks show that Falcon can find near-optimal solution in as little as 20 seconds and outperforms existing transfer application by 2--6×. Moreover, unlike other file transfer optimization solutions that fail to ensure fair resource allocation between competing transfers, Falcon is guaranteed to converge to Nash Equilibrium when multiple Falcon agents compete for the network resources with the help of its game theory-inspired utility function.
Characteristic Effects of Display Difficulty On Information Processing

The research in this paper examines the effects of two common types of difficulty due to information display encountered by consumers: format and organization. The results of a study demonstrate that difficulty due to format and/or organization has predictable effects on response times, acquisitions of information, processing strategies and confidence in the choice.
Inverse Thermal Analysis of Welds Using Multiple Constraints and Relaxed Parameter Optimization

Aspects of a methodology for inverse thermal analysis of welds are examined that provide for relaxed model-parameter optimization. These aspects are associated with the inherent insensitivity of temperature fields, obtained by inverse analysis, to local shape variations of constrained boundaries within these fields. The inverse analysis methodology is in terms of numerical-analytical basis functions for construction parametric temperature histories, which can be adopted as input data to computational procedures for further analysis. In addition, these parametric temperature histories can be used for inverse thermal analysis of welds corresponding to other process parameters or welding processes whose process conditions are within similar regimes. The inverse thermal analysis procedure provides for the inclusion of volumetric constraint conditions whose two-dimensional projections are mappings onto transverse cross sections of experimentally measured boundary conditions, such as solidification and transformation boundaries, and isothermal surfaces associated with thermocouple measurements. Issues concerning relaxed parameter optimization are discussed with respect to inverse thermal analysis of Ti-6Al-4V pulsed-mode laser welds using multiple constraint conditions.
The correlation between patellfemoral pain and substance P in the symptomatic medial plica.

Objective To study the innervations of symptomatic medial plica, and to affirm that the innervations upgoing of nerve fibers expressed substance P in medial plicae responded for the patellofemoral pain. Methods The samples of medial plicae were obtained from 51 patients by knee arthroscope, and di-vided into three groups: negative control group (symptomless medial plicae), positive control group (symp-tomatic medial plicae with other injury), experimental group (symptomatic medial plica). One indirect im-munohistological techniques were employed for the semiquantitative analysis of substance P. Observe the regularity of the innervations in medial plicae, and compare the density of innervations between the three groups. Evaluate the correlation between the density of innervations and the scores of VAS. Results The density of never fibers in superior pliea: negative control group (24.60±26.17)/cm2, positive control group (117.36273.62)/cm2, experimental group (59.06±44.06)/cm2. The density of never fibers in medial plica: negative eontrol group (23.23±18.41)/cm2, positive control group (268.00±71.60)/cm2, experimental group (255.44±87.91)/cm2. The density of nerve fibers in medial plicae was higher than superior plica. There was significant correlation between the density of nerve fibers and pain level. Conclusion There is significant relationship between the innervations of substance P in medial plicae and the anterior knee pain. The nerve fibers expressed substance P in symptomatic medial plicae is an important reason for patellofemoral pain syn-drome, lnnervations upgoing and density of nerve fiber of substance P upgrade in medial plica syndrome pa-tients are significantly correlated with pain. Key words: Synovial membrane; Patellofemoral pain syndrome; lmmunohistochemistry; Substance P
Periphere Erkrankungen Bekannter Ätiologie

Von der Revolution im medizinischen Denken, die seit zehn Jahren im Gange war, kann man nicht sagen, das die Praxis sich viel um sie gekummert hatte. Das wurde anders, als die Ideen von Billings den Geist und die Tatigkeit seiner Mitarbeiter anspornten. In erster Linie war es Rosenow. Ihm verdanken wir die wichtigsten und verschiedenartigsten Beitrage zu den Lehren von Billings. Er wies nicht nur die infektiose Natur verschiedener peripherer Erkrankungen nach, von denen man es fruher nie geahnt hatte, sondern er zeigte auch, das die peripheren Erscheinungen nicht durch Ausdehnung (von der Haut oder Schleimhaut aus), sondern durch Metastasen von Mikroorganismen entstanden waren, die von dem Ursprungsherd in den Blutstrom gelangten. Diesen Herd wies er in einer infizierten Tonsille oder einem Zahn des Patienten nach, der diesen Erreger beherbergte. Er zeigte den gleichen pathologischen Vorgang bei Tieren, anfangs durch Injektion des betreffenden Erregers in den Blutstrom, spater, indem er einfach einen Zahn infizierte.
Eat What You Kill: Or, a Strange and Gothic Tale of Cannibalism by Consent

Consent-based jurisprudence has become the dominant model for understanding much of law and ethics. It exalts freely-exchanged consent grounded on rational and autonomous decision-making. This Article means to raise questions about the foundations of consent-based jurisprudence. It does so by focusing on a recent German case. Two German computer scientists exchanged repeated and free consent to an act of cannibalism. Following these exchanges, which were not only reduced to writing but put on video-tape, the one scientist killed and ate the other. The victim, if he can be called a victim, even urged the cannibal to the completion of the task when the cannibal seemed to lose nerve. This Article reconstructs the circumstances of this case, evaluates the German law under which the cannibal was tried, examines the existing scholarship on this case, and concludes with a review of its implications for jurisprudence and morals.
Abstract 13907: Statin-Induced Myopathy is Mediated by Isoprenoid Depletion and is Independent of Serum Cholesterol Levels

Statin use is associated with muscle-related side-effects (ie, MRSE) in ~10-20% patients and is the most common reason for discontinuation of treatment. Moreover, high-risk patients who have inadequately controlled LDL-C as a result of statin intolerance present a significant public health problem. A study to assess the role of cholesterol and/or isoprenoid intermediates of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in statin-induced myopathy was conducted in female rats treated with cerivastatin for 14 days. Cerivastatin treatment of rats fed standard diet induced myopathy in type II muscle fibers, but not in type I muscle fibers. Cholesterol supplementation in the diet of cerivastatin treated rats increased circulating cholesterol levels, but failed to prevent myopathy, suggesting that statin-mediated myopathy was independent of the cholesterol lowering effects of statins. Conversely, mevalonate supplementation of the diet abrogated cerivastatin induced myopathy evidenced by either microscopy or sensitive bio...
Ketoconazole. Mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse reactions and therapeutic use

Ketoconazole is a well-tolerated oral antifungal agent with a broad spectrum of activity in vitro, but in vitro testing has not yet been correlated to in vivo results. In addition, many variables that can alter in vitro test results have been identified. The drug shows effectiveness in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, oral thrush, coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. It was recently approved for use in blastomycosis. It is not yet approved for use in dermatophyte infections, but a large body of literature exists supporting this application. Ketoconazole has several reported drug interactions, including lower bioavailability with cimetidine, accumulation of cyclosporin during concurrent therapy and a possible disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. It is highly protein bound to albumin and is extensively metabolized. Dosage adjustment is not required in renal failure. The main side effects are gastrointestinal and occur in 5-10% of the patients. Rare side effects include gynecomastia and hepatotoxicity. The latter is reported to occur in 1 of 12,000 patients. Ketoconazole impairs testosterone synthesis, and therefore it is recommended that administration more than once daily be avoided in men. The usual dosage is 200-400 mg administered once daily. Few comparative or controlled studies have been published thus far. How it compares to amphotericin B is not known. The optimum dosage and the optimum duration of therapy are not established.
Dual kidney transplantation: older donors for older recipients.

Abstract Background: Dual kidney transplantation, the transplantation of both donor kidneys into a single recipient, allows increased use of expanded criteria donors (eg, older donors with a history of hypertension) to alleviate the disparity between available donors and potential recipients. We evaluated outcomes in our dual kidney transplant program that started in 1995. Study Design: A retrospective comparison of donor and recipient data between recipients of dual (n = 41) versus single (n = 199) cadaveric renal transplants from February 1, 1995, to March 22, 1998, was performed. Dual kidney transplantation was selectively performed when the calculated donor admission creatinine clearance was less than 90 mL/min and the donor age was greater than 60 years, or if the donor had an elevated terminal serum creatinine. Every attempt was made to age- and size-match the donor and recipients. Results: Recipients of dual kidneys had donors who were older than single kidney donors (59 ± 12 versus 42 ± 17 years respectively, p 0.0001). Dual versus single kidney recipients had similar serum creatinines up to 2 years posttransplant (1.6 ± 0.3 versus 1.6 ± 0.7 mg/dL at 2 years, p=NS) and a comparable incidence of delayed graft function (24% versus 33%, p=NS) and 3-month posttransplant creatinine clearance (54 ± 23 versus 57 ± 25 mL/min, p=NS). One-year patient and graft survival for single kidney transplantation was 97% and 90%, respectively, and 98% and 89% for dual kidney transplantation (p = NS). Conclusions: Dual kidney donors were significantly older, had more hypertension, lower urine outputs, and lower donor admission creatinine clearance. Despite these differences, dual kidney recipients had comparable postoperative function, outcomes, and survival versus single kidney recipients. We believe selective use of dual kidney transplantation can provide excellent outcomes to recipients of kidneys from older donors with reduced renal function.
Survival after massive aminophylline overdose in a premature infant.

The use of theophylline preparations for treating apnea in premature infants has gained popularity in many neonatal intensive care units.1,2 Toxocity of aminophylline in premature infants is not well studied. We present a case of severe aminophylline intoxication in a premature infant secondary to a pharmacy error. We call attention to the massive overdose tolerated by this infant and relate how the error was made so that other hospitals might avoid such incidents. CASE REPORT Baby girl C.E. was a 1.2 kg 30 weeks gestation, second born twin of a 23-year-old gravida 1, para 0, abortus 0 Rh negative mother.
Personality Correlates of Privacy

Summary Personality correlates of privacy preferences for 70 undergraduates were obtained through use of a semantic differential measure of self-esteem and other-esteem and an inventory which assessed cycloid disposition, rhathymia, thinking introversion, and cooperativeness. Pearson product moment correlations indicated that privacy choices tended to be associated with personality characteristics. Subjects low in self-esteem were more likely to be reserved and to seek solitude and anonymity. Those who esteemed others less were more prone to seek solitude, intimacy with friends, and intimacy with family. Emotional stability was not associated with any type of privacy. Those who were happy-go-lucky tended to not select isolation, solitude, intimacy with family, and anonymity. Introspective individuals were likely to be reserved but less likely to choose isolation and intimacy with family. Finally, those tolerant of self and others tended to prefer anonymity.
Bootstrap Estimates of Standard Errors in Generalizability Theory

Estimating standard errors of estimated variance components has long been a challenging task in generalizability theory. Researchers have speculated about the potential applicability of the bootstr...
Predictors and outcomes of completion axillary node dissection among older breast cancer patients.

Background The role of completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for older women who had sentinel lymph node-positive (SLN+) invasive breast cancer is unclear. We examined factors predictive of ALND and the association between ALND, adjuvant chemotherapy administration, and survival.
Genre and Technical Translation: Social, Textual, and Educational Exigence

Carolyn Miller's definition of genre as “social action” has become widely accepted in writing studies; this acceptance has prompted troubling questions about the teaching of professional genres. Be...
Trends in Concussion Return-to-Play Timelines Among High School Athletes From 2007 Through 2009

Context: Whereas guidelines about return-to-play (RTP) after concussion have been published, actual prognoses remain elusive. Objective: To develop probability estimates for time until RTP after sp...
Analysis of gas well late-time pressure and rate data

Abstract This work presents new methods for estimating average pressure, reservoir pore volume (initial gas in place) and drainage area from pressure and rate data obtained at a gas well during boundary-dominated flow. The methods, which utilize a combination of a material balance equation and approximations for the wellbore pseudopressure or flow rate obtained during boundary-dominated flow, represent an improvement over previous methods in that the new methods are direct procedures which do not require iteration.
Lack of Toxicity to Adults of the Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) of β-Exotoxin in Bacillus thuringiensis Endotoxin Preparations

beta-Exotoxin (thuringiensin) was found in high titers in centrifugation supernatants and acetone/lactose powders produced from centrifugation pellets of strains Guat 1 and HD 2 of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner). Diets containing powders of either strain were toxic, diets containing Guat 1 supernatant were not toxic, diets containing HD 2 supernatant were slightly toxic, and diets containing powders or supernatants from uninoculated culturing medium spiked with beta-exotoxin were not toxic. Most mortality occurred within 3 d when flies fed on powders but not until 6-7 d when flies fed on HD 2 supernatant. These results indicated that the primary toxic principals of the powders were endotoxins/spores and that beta-exotoxin alone was not toxic to adult flies at the concentrations found in the supernatants or powders.
Excited-State Intramolecular H Atom Transfer of Hypericin and Hypocrellin A Investigated by Fluorescence Upconversion

The excited-state intramolecular H atom transfer reaction occurring in hypericin and hypocrellin A is investigated by means of the fluorescence upconversion technique in a variety of solvents. Rising components of ∼10 ps, attributable to intramolecular H atom transfer, are clearly observed in the fluorescence upconversion traces of both hypericin and hypocrellin A. The amplitude of the rising component is emission wavelength dependent and occurs on the blue edge of the emission spectra. Neither in hypericin nor in hypocrellin A does this fluorescent component exhibit a deuterium isotope effect. This result identifies it with the ∼10 ps component, also lacking a deuterium isotope effect, observed in hypericin in transient absorption measurements monitoring stimulated emission. The clear and complementary observation in fluorescence of the ∼10 ps component in both hypericin and hypocrellin A is a crucial link in refining a unified model of the hypericin and hypocrellin photophysics that we first proposed in...
Analysis and visualization of single-trial event-related potentials

In this study, a linear decomposition technique, independent component analysis (ICA), is applied to single-trial multichannel EEG data from event-related potential (ERP) experiments. Spatial filters derived by ICA blindly separate the input data into a sum of temporally independent and spatially fixed components arising from distinct or overlapping brain or extra-brain sources. Both the data and their decomposition are displayed using a new visualization tool, the "ERP image," that can clearly characterize single-trial variations in the amplitudes and latencies of evoked responses, particularly when sorted by a relevant behavioral or physiological variable. These tools were used to analyze data from a visual selective attention experiment on 28 control subjects plus 22 neurological patients whose EEG records were heavily contaminated with blink and other eye-movement artifacts. Results show that ICA can separate artifactual, stimulus-locked, response-locked, and non-event-related background EEG activities into separate components, a taxonomy not obtained from conventional signal averaging approaches. This method allows: (1) removal of pervasive artifacts of all types from single-trial EEG records, (2) identification and segregation of stimulus- and response-locked EEG components, (3) examination of differences in single-trial responses, and (4) separation of temporally distinct but spatially overlapping EEG oscillatory activities with distinct relationships to task events. The proposed methods also allow the interaction between ERPs and the ongoing EEG to be investigated directly. We studied the between-subject component stability of ICA decomposition of single-trial EEG epochs by clustering components with similar scalp maps and activation power spectra. Components accounting for blinks, eye movements, temporal muscle activity, event-related potentials, and event-modulated alpha activities were largely replicated across subjects. Applying ICA and ERP image visualization to the analysis of sets of single trials from event-related EEG (or MEG) experiments can increase the information available from ERP (or ERF) data. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Autobalancing control for a reduced gravity simulator

Physical simulation of a reduced gravity condition significantly aids astronaut training, biomechanics researchers, neuro-rehabilitation practitioners as well as other potential applications. This paper provides means for automatically balancing a simple reduced gravity platform.
Signals Triggering the Induction of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Sympathetic Superior Cervical Ganglia and Their Nerve Trunks after Axonal Injury

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays an important role in regulating neuropeptide expression in sympathetic and sensory neurons after axonal transection. By 2 h after axotomy, LIF mRNA increased in nonneuronal cells in sympathetic ganglia and peripheral nerve. In addition, within 1 h of explanting sympathetic ganglia or segments of sympathetic nerve trunks, a protein factor(s) that was able to induce LIF mRNA both in sympathetic cultures and in intact ganglia in vivo was released. This factor(s) appeared to be present in sympathetic ganglia and their nerve trunks under normal conditions and to be activated and/or released after axonal injury. Since the factor(s) has a molecular weight(s) greater than 66 kDa, and no other proteins of such high molecular weight have been previously identified with LIF-inducing activity, it appears to be a novel inducer of LIF.
Market segmentation in hospitality research: no longer a sequential process

Explores development in market segmentation relating to hospitality and tourism research published between 1990 and 1998. The literature is divided into three sections: segmenting a market; market targeting and marketing positioning. Identifies new areas for research, deeper examination of segments, identification of difference between markets, and more segments.
Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis, Morphology Control, and Stabilization Facilitated by Functional Polymers

Gold nanoparticles exhibit novel optical and catalytic properties, are nontoxic and biocompatible, and attract considerable interest in a range of applications, e.g. photonics, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The morphology (size and shape) of the nanoparticles and their surface/colloidal properties are very important in the various applications. A methodology for the synthesis in aqueous media of gold nanoparticles with controlled size and shape and exceptional colloidal stability is reviewed. This methodology is based on designer polymers that can exhibit multiple functions on the basis of the polymer intramolecular and supramolecular organization. In addition to being water based, this methodology requires no external energy input and employs commercially available polymers, e.g., poly(ethylene oxide) containing Pluronics or Poloxamers, resulting in low cost and potential environmental benefits.
Timing of Neutrophil Depletion Influences Long-Term Neuroprotection in Neonatal Rat Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

In neonatal rats, neutrophils do not accumulate in ischemic brain parenchyma to the extent that they do in adult rodents. They are also confined to the intravascular compartment during the first few hours of recovery. However, neonatal rats rendered neutropenic have less brain swelling after a hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult. In this study, we used the Rice-Vannucci model of HI brain injury in 7-d-old rats, and we depleted neutrophils before injury in one group and 4-8 h after injury in another group to determine 1) whether neutrophils contribute to cerebral atrophy, 2) whether neutropenia induced within 8 h after recovery from HI is neuroprotective, and 3) whether neutropenia preserved energy metabolites during the HI insult. Brain energy metabolites were measured at 0 h and 6 h of recovery. Brain atrophy was measured morphometrically on brain slices at 2 wk of recovery. In 67 rats, we found that neutropenia induced before the HI insult, but not after HI, reduced brain swelling at 42 h of recovery by about 75% (p < 0.001). In another 60 rats, we found that cerebral atrophy was reduced by 61% provided that neutropenia was induced before HI (p < 0.05). Total adenine nucleotides were better preserved in the neutropenic rats at the end of the HI insult (0 h recovery); p < 0.05. We conclude that neutrophils do contribute to vascular dysfunction either during the HI insult or early hours (<4-8 h) of recovery. Antineutrophil strategies initiated after this time are unlikely to be protective in the neonatal rat.
The contour integral method for loaded cracks

An extension of the contour integral method (CIM) for the computation of stress intensity factors for loaded cracks is presented. Numerical solutions of the two-dimensional linear elasticity equations are computed with the p-version of the generalized finite element method. Polynomial enrichment functions as well as enrichment with near crack tip asymptotic expansion are used. The robustness of the formulation with respect to the size of the extraction domain and the convergence of the computed stress intensity factors and energy release rate are analysed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality management and continual improvement of health care: A framework

Quality management (QM) in its various forms has become increasingly prevalent in health care. Anyone who works in the health care field has heard about continuous quality improvement, practice guidelines or critical pathways, and outcomes. They have also heard about the promise that QM holds for improved patient care. Similarly, QM promises to benefit continuing medical education (CME) and vice versa. QM is designed to define health practice problems and CME to help remedy these problems. This article presents the framework within which QM and continual improvement work; CME professionals will need to understand this framework in order to benefit from the mutual potential of QM and CME.
Impact of resistant pneumococcus on rates of acute mastoiditis

OBJECTIVETo determine whether the rate of acute mastoiditis is rising, specifically as a result of antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.METHODSA retrospective chart review of all patients with a discharge diagnosis of acute mastoiditis between July 1, 1987, and June 30, 1997, was performed at our academic, tertiary-care medical center. There were no interventions, and the main outcome measures included the number of cases of acute or coalescent mastoiditis, stratified by pathogen, per year.RESULTSThe rate of acute mastoiditis as a proportion of yearly otorhinolaryngology admissions increased linearly over time (P = 0.024). Pneumococcal-related rates of acute mastoiditis, expressed as a proportion of yearly hospital and otorhinolaryngology admissions, increased linearly over time (P = 0.002, P = 0.002). All but 1 case of pneumococcal mastoiditis during the past 3 years were caused by penicillin-resistant strains.CONCLUSIONSThe emergence of antibiotic-resistant S pneumoniae may be respon...
Low-cycle-fatigue behavior of copper materials and their use in synchrotron beamline components

Abstract Analyses and evaluation of the life cycle number and crack propagation rate were performed on oxygen-free high-conductivity copper X-ray beamline components based on data available in the literature. Recommendations are made with respect to the safe use of materials in high-heat-load beamline component design. The available literature is critically reviewed for low-cycle fatigue properties at the elevated temperatures typically found in synchrotron operations.
Biomass and lipid production of heterotrophic microalgae Chlorella protothecoides by using biodiesel-derived crude glycerol

Microalgal lipids may be a more sustainable biodiesel feedstock than crop oils. We have investigated the potential for using the crude glycerol as a carbon substrate. In batch mode, the biomass and lipid concentration of Chlorella protothecoides cultivated in a crude glycerol medium were, respectively, 23.5 and 14.6 g/l in a 6-day cultivation. In the fed-batch mode, the biomass and lipid concentration improved to 45.2 and 24.6 g/l after 8.2 days of cultivation, respectively. The maximum lipid productivity of 3 g/l day in the fed-batch mode was higher than that produced by batch cultivation. This work demonstrates the feasibility of crude biodiesel glycerol as an alternative carbon substrate to glucose for microalgal cultivation and a cost reduction of carbon substrate feed in microalgal lipid production may be expected.
Clinical Impact of High-Throughput Gene Expression Studies in Lung Cancer

Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and the world. The high mortality rate results, in part, from the lack of effective tools for early detection and the inability to identify subsets of patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy or targeted therapies. The development of high-throughput genome-wide technologies for measuring gene expression, such as microarrays, have the potential to impact the mortality rate of lung cancer patients by improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review will highlight recent studies using high-throughput gene expression technologies that have led to clinically relevant insights into lung cancer. The hope is that diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that have been developed as part of this work will soon be ready for wide-spread clinical application and will have a dramatic impact on the evaluation of patients with suspect lung cancer, leading to effective personalized treatment regimens.
Role of Fogarty catheter manipulation in management of migrated, nonfunctional peritoneal dialysis catheters

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter migration to the upper abdomen is not an uncommon cause of catheter failure. We prospectively examined the role of the Fogarty catheter manipulation technique to reposition the PD catheter in the pelvis and regain patency. All patients with PD catheter malfunction caused by migration, confirmed by abdominal radiograph, underwent the same protocol. The patient was placed flat on the back, and the Fogarty was advanced into the PD catheter to a premarked point at which the end of the Fogarty was near the end of the PD catheter. The Fogarty balloon was inflated with 0.5 mL of sterile saline, and manipulation was performed by tugging movements until proper placement of the PD catheter into the pelvis was suspected. Infusion and drainage of dialysate was performed to determine patency. The return of the PD catheter into the pelvis was then confirmed by repeated radiograph. Success rates of Fogarty catheter manipulation, early and late recurrence (remigration 90 days), and complications were prospectively examined in 232 patients over a 6-year period. Catheter migration occurred in 34 of 232 patients (15% incidence). All patients had curled-end, double-cuffed, non-swan-neck PD catheters. Successful repositioning occurred in 24 of 34 patients (71%). None of the 24 repositioned catheters had early recurrence, and 1 of 24 catheters (4%) had late recurrence. None of the patients had procedure-related peritonitis, bowel perforation, or exit-site trauma. These results show that PD catheter migration is relatively common (15%). The Fogarty manipulation technique is a simple, cost-effective way to prolong PD catheter life and preserve its long-term patency. This eliminates the need for surgical intervention in approximately 70% of patients with PD catheter migration.
High‐efficiency somatic mutagenesis in smooth muscle cells and cardiac myocytes in SM22α‐Cre transgenic mice

The cytoskeletal protein SM22α is expressed in visceral and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), in cardiac myocytes, and in the myotomal components of the somites during murine embryonic development. In this report, we describe the generation and characterization of transgenic mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the transcriptional control of the −2.8-kb SM22α promoter. Following interbreeding with the R26R reporter strain, Cre-dependent β-galactosidase expression was observed as early as embryonic day 9.5 in SMCs of the developing vasculature, in cardiac myocytes, but not in the somites. In adult mice, Cre-mediated recombination was observed in vascular SMCs throughout the venous and arterial systems, in visceral SMCs in multiple organs, and in cardiac, but not skeletal muscle. Importantly, Cre-mediated recombination was present in nearly 100% of arterial SMCs, including in the aorta. These mice are thus an important new tool for performing in vivo loss-of-function studies of genes expressed in vascular SMCs. genesis 41:179–184, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Providing Culturally Competent Care for the Criminally Insane Inmate

Edited by Jacquelyn Flaskerud, RN, PhD, FAANUniversity of California—Los Angeles, School of Nursing, La Jolla, California, USAIn the dark ages of mental health care, patients were tortured, chained...
MEMBRANE LYSIS IN CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS TREATED WITH HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE PLUS LIGHT

Abstract Chinese hamster ovary cells in exponential growth were incubated with various concentrations of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD). Cellular porphyrin content was determined after 2 h incubation at 37°C using [3H]-hematoporphyrin derivative. Photoactivation of cell-bound HpD by red light resulted in a family of survival curves with terminal slopes proportional to cellular HpD concentration. The degree of cellular lysis, assayed 1 h after illumination using a chromium-51 labeling technique, was also found to be related to cellular HpD concentration. The amount of 51Cr released increased with post-irradiation incubation to a level parallel to cell lethality as measured by colony formation. These data suggest that lysis of the cell membrane may be largely responsible for cellular inactivation following HpD photoirradiation.
Reframing the war on terror: Feminist and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) activism in the context of the 2006 Israeli invasion of Lebanon:

This article seeks to expand the kinds of questions we ask about the diverse militarized campaigns referred to collectively as the “war on terror,” the grassroots resistance to these wars, and effo...
The natural history of intravascular lymphomatosis.

Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is a rare and clinically devastating form of extranodal B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the literature on IVL's published between 1959 and 2011 and evaluated the natural history as well as identified prognostic and predictive factors in patients. Nonparametric two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test and Mantel–Cox log rank test were used to evaluate the survival intervals and prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and chi-squared statistics were carried out to examine treatment-related predictive factors. Of the 740 patients with IVL, 651 (88%) had a diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma, 45 (6%) with T-cell lymphoma, and 12 patients (2%) with NK cell lymphoma. Central nervous system (CNS) IVL had the highest proportion of postmortem diagnosis, 250 (60%) compared to 21 (8%) of skin, 28 (11%) of bone marrow (BM) and spleen, and 17 (7%) of lung IVL's. Age 71 and LDH >577 compared to nonrituximab, nondoxorubicin regimens (MANOVA 2 degrees of freedom, P = 0.0345), with a median time from treatment to death of 20.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.0–N/A, n = 14) months versus 2.0 (95%CI 0.5–N/A, n = 5) (χ2 = 4.7, P = 0.0304). Patients with CNS IVL relapsed primarily in the CNS (88%) while same-organ relapse occurred less frequently in skin (23%), BM and spleen (50%) and lung (20%) IVL's. Our results indicate that IVL is primarily a disease of B-lymphoma cells. Timely diagnosis and treatment with rituximab-based chemotherapy improve patient survival. The pattern of recurrence is different between CNS IVL and IVL's in other organs.
A comparison of 3 methods of face-bow transfer recording: Implications for orthognathic surgery

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the occlusal plane inclination of models mounted using 3 different systems for face-bow transfer with the actual occlusal plane inclination as measured on a cephalometric radiograph. Patients and Methods: Twenty-two subjects were enrolled in this study. Three alginate impressions of the maxillary dentition were taken, and 3 stone dental models were produced for each subject. Face-bow recordings were obtained on each subject using the SAM Anatomical Face-bow (Great Lakes Orthodontics Products, Ltd, Tonawanda, NY), the Erickson Surgical Face-bow (Great Lakes Orthodontics Products, Ltd) and a new technique developed by one of the authors (J.G.). For each subject, the dental models were mounted on a SAM articulator using each of the 3 face-bow recordings. Finally, a lateral cephalometric radiograph was obtained for each subject. The occlusal plane inclination was measured on the models and on the cephalometric radiographs. Differences among groups were tested using a 1-way analysis of variance. Bonferroni test was used for post hoc comparison between different pairs of groups. Results: The average occlusal plane inclination using the SAM Anatomical Face-bow was 7.8° ± 4.2° greater than the actual—a difference that was statistically significant. The mean occlusal plane inclination of the models obtained using the Erickson Surgical Face-bow was 4.4° ± 2.2° greater than the actual—a difference that was also statistically significant. The mean occlusal plane inclination of the models obtained by the new technique was only 0.9° ± 1.2° greater than the actual; this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The new mounting technique is more accurate than the conventional SAM Face-bow or the Erickson Face-bow for reproducing the actual occlusal plane inclination. © 2001 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons