cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Class of Sliders Numerically Designed for Maximum Stiffness

The following inverse problem is addressed: given a class of slider geometry for which the gap can only have two values and given its global footprint, where should on distribute the etching (or deposition) of the air bearing surface such that the corresponding stiffness is maximum? First, this optimization problem is mathematically setup and formulated. Then, a simple numerical algorithm is proposed which will generate the desired gap profile, the method is based on an iterative approach on the unknown gap ditribution coupled with a finite element solution of the pressure solution. Finally, the canonical example of a simple square slider is treated for various stiffnesses (normal, pitch, roll and mixed modes), and the results illustrate the proposed technique
Dehydrocyclization of n-Octane: H/D Exchange and Reversible Adsorption for a Pt-Sn-SiO2 Catalyst

With a Pt-SiO{sub 2} catalyst n-octane underwent dehydrocyclization in the presence of D{sub 2} or with an equimolar mixture of n-octane-d{sub 0} and n-octane-d{sub 18} without a measurable extent of H/D exchange in the unconverted n-octane. When similar experiments were conducted with a Pt-Sn-SiO{sub 2} H/D exchange occurred. The results suggest that tin functions to decrease the strength of chemisorption of n-octane at 482{degrees}C so that adsorption is reversible in contrast to the irreversible adsorption for a Pt-SiO{sub 2} catalyst. The presence of tin allows H/D exchange to occur in the unconverted n-octane. 49 refs., 8 figs.
Isolation, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of indencarbazates as hypotensive agents.

Two indencarbazates, 1 and 2, were isolated from the sponge Cliona caribboea. These compounds were found to possess mild hypotensive activity. A series of analogues of 1 was synthesized in order to study the structure–activity relationship of this unique class of compounds. A variety of structural changes did not result in a consistent pattern of biological activity.
On the asymptotic distribution of likelihood ratio test when parameters lie on the boundary

The paper discusses statistical inference dealing with the asymptotic theory of likelihood ratio tests when some parameters may lie on boundary of the parameter space. We derive a closed form solution for the case when one parameter of interest and one nuisance parameter lie on the boundary. The asymptotic distribution is not always a mixture of several chi-square distributions. For the cases when one parameter of interest and two nuisance parameters or two parameters of interest and one nuisance parameter are on the boundary, we provide an explicit solution which can be easily computed by simulation. These results can be used in many applications, e.g. testing for random effects in genetics. Contrary to the claim of some authors in the applied literature that use of chi-square distribution with degrees of freedom as in case of interior parameters will be too conservative when some parameters are on the boundary, we show that when nuisance parameters are on the boundary, that approach may often be anti-conservative.
New Insights into the Effects of Self-Association of the Cation [Au{C(NHMe)2}2]+ on Its Solid State Structure and Luminescence

Colorless [Au{C(NHMe) 2 } 2 ]X.H 2 O (X = Cl or Br) crystallize as dimers with Au...Au separations of 3.1231(3) A (Cl salt) and 3.1297(4) A (Br salt) between the linear, two-coordinate cations, and there is no direct interaction of Au(I) with the halide ions which are hydrogen bonded to ligand N-H groups and the water molecules. The luminescence of these dimers occurs at higher energy than that observed in extended chains of the same cation in the corresponding (PF 6 ) - and (BF 4 ) - salts and shows the important effects of aggregation on the observed luminescence.
RNA interference-mediated antiviral defense in insects

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are critical for the detection and inhibition of RNA virus replication in insects. Recent work has also implicated RNAi pathways in the establishment of persistent virus infections and in the control of DNA virus replication. Accumulating evidence suggests that diverse double-stranded RNAs produced by RNA and DNA viruses can trigger RNAi responses yet many viruses have evolved mechanisms to inhibit RNAi defenses. Therefore, an evolutionary arms race exists between host RNAi pathways and invading viral pathogens. Here we review recent advances in our knowledge of how insect RNAi pathways are elicited upon infection, the strategies used by viruses to counter these defenses, and discuss recent evidence implicating Piwi-interacting RNAs in antiviral defense.
Have you had an ERCP lawsuit yet

Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography (ERCP) is the most dangerous procedure performed regularly by gastroenterologists. While serious adverse events cannot all be avoided, there are many ways to reduce the risk of their resulting in a lawsuit. The most important is for the endoscopist to communicate carefully and fully with patients and family members before the procedure-providing truly informed consent-and afterwards, especially when there is a poor outcome.
Porous Metal Hydride (PMH) Compacts for Thermal Energy Applications

Pelletized Porous Metal Hydride (PMH) was investigated in order to assess its thermal capability for energy storage/transfer applications. Metal hydrides have been known as promising materials for hydrogen storage systems, heat storage systems, and thermal devices, thanks to their nearly reversible reaction characteristics during the hydrogen absorbing and desorbing processes. The conventional powder-type metal hydrides however have a relatively low thermal conductivity, which is responsible for low heat generation. In the present study three representative metal hydrides, LaNi5 , Ca0.6 Mm0.4 Ni5 , and LaNi4.75 Al0.25 , metal hydride powders were coated with thin copper and pressed at 3,000 psig with metal additives in order to improve the thermal conductivity. This pelletizing process does not require the use of an organic binder and additional processes such as sintering under high pressure. The pelletized PMH compacts employing the copper coating exhibit higher thermal conductivity compared to raw metal hydride powders. However, pelletizing may deteriorate the permeability of the PMH compacts, lowering mass transfer of hydrogen. Therefore, the permeability must be observed to verify whether it meets the required level for suitable applications. Measurements were performed by varying copper fractions and plotted against the upstream/downstream pressure differential. Darcy’s equation in conjunction with an ideal gas assumption was used to calculate the permeability of a rigid wall design. This investigation reveals that rising copper content is accompanied with decreases in permeability. Permeability values for most samples tested in this study were found to be larger than the desirable level, 5 × 10−15 m2 . Additionally, the thermal performance of the LaNi5 PMH compacts was tested by calculating and comparing the heat generation of the PMH pellets and powders filled reactors during the hydrogen absorption process in water bath medium.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Predictors of Electroconvulsive Therapy Postictal Delirium

Background Postictal delirium is a common adverse effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and can be dangerous to both patient and staff caring for them in the postanesthesia care unit. However, little is known about predictors of postictal delirium. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify predictors of postictal delirium. We hypothesized that both patient and ECT treatment variables might influence the likelihood of postictal delirium. Methods We prospectively monitored postictal delirium in the postanesthesia care unit using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit after the first ECT treatment of 96 consecutive patients. Patient and treatment variables were extracted retrospectively by chart review. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to assess the effect of these variables on the likelihood of developing delirium. Results Seizure length was found to be a statistically significant predictor of postictal delirium after adjusting for other covariates ( p = 0.003). No other variables were predictive. Conclusion A long ECT seizure increases the likelihood of delirium in the postanesthesia care unit at the first treatment. This finding suggests that postanesthesia care unit staff may benefit from knowledge about seizure length for predicting postictal delirium and anticipating the best management of post-ECT patients.
Investigation of the Structural Basis for Thermodynamic Stabilities of Tandem GU Mismatches: Solution Structure of (rGAGGUCUC)2 by Two-Dimensional NMR and Simulated Annealing†,‡

The duplex (rGAGGUCUC)2 contains the motif which is unusually stable compared with other symmetric tandem GU mismatches and occurs in the P5 helix of the group I intron of Tetrahymena thermophila. The three-dimensional solution structure of (rGAGGUCUC)2 was determined using two-dimensional NMR and a simulated annealing protocol. The structure is remarkably similar to the A-DNA crystal structure of (dGGGGTCCC)2 [Kneale, G., Brown, T., & Kennard, O. (1985) J. Mol. Biol. 186, 805−814] which contains the analogous motif Incorporation of the motif has little effect on backbone torsion angles and helical parameters compared with standard A-form. The only significant departure from A-form is a slight overtwisting 5‘ of the G in the GU mismatch and a displacement of the mismatches toward the minor groove. Inspection of stacking patterns of this structure and comparison with symmetric tandem GT mismatches in A-DNA oligonucleotides from crystal structure data suggest that electrostatics are important in determining...
Physikalische Charakterisierung von Poly-(äthylenglykol-terephthalat)†

Durch Trennung der struktur- und orientierungsabhangigen Anteile der Banden im Infrarot-Spektrum des Poly-(athylenglykol-terephthalates) gelingt es, Aussagen uber den Gehalt an gauche- und trans-Konformation im Athylenglykol-Teil der amorphen Bereiche zu machen.
Coronary vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen consumption dynamics in response to catecholamine infusion

These experiments were performed in order to ascertain whether activation of coronary vascular adrenergic receptors could change the time course of the coronary vasodilatation accompanying increases in myocardial metabolic activity. The left common coronary arteries of dog hearts were perfused in situ with blood at constant flow. Coronary perfusion pressure and coronary sinus blood O2 content were continuously monitored. Norepinephrine was infused into the coronary artery at 0.5 to 5 μg·min−1, and isoprenaline at 0·5 to 2 μg·min−1. The amplitude of the vascular resistance change was less with norepinephrine than with isoprenaline infusion for a similar change in oxygen consumption. The time course of coronary vascular resistance, after correction for the effects of vascular transit, lagged significantly behind the time course of coronary sinus O2 content in the case of norepinephrine infusion. On the average, no lag was observed with isoprenaline infusion. It is concluded that stimulation of coronary vascular adrenergic receptors can alter the time course and the magnitude of the coronary vascular response to increases in myocardial metabolic activity resulting from myocardial β-receptor stimulation.
Effects of dietary sodium intake on blood pressure and urinary excretion of prostaglandins in normotensive and hypertensive subjects

Abstract Blood pressure and the urinary excretion of prostaglandins (PG) E 2 and F 2α were evaluated in all female normotensive (NS), borderline hypertensive (BHS) and sustained essential hypertensive (EHS) subjects receiving diuretic treatment under normal and reduced dietary sodium intake. Plasma cholesterol, sodium, and potassium, and urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine were also assessed. As dietary sodium intake decreased, a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in urinary excretion of PGE 2 were observed in NS and BHS. Urinary PGF 2α excretion was increased in NS with dietary sodium restriction. There was no correlation between urinary sodium excretion and urinary excretion of PGE 2 , PGF 2α or the ratio of PGE 2 /PGF 2α . With normal sodium intake, urinary PGE 2 excretion was greater in NS as compared to BHS whereas with reduced dietary sodium intake, PGF 2α excretion was greater in NS than in EHS. Plasma cholesterol was decreased in NS and BHS during the sodium restriction period with the reduction occurring in very low density and low density lipoprotein fractions. The results of this study do not support a natriuretic role of renal PGE 2 but does support the hypothesis of decreased renal PGE 2 synthesis in hypertensive subjects.
Fluorometric assay using high-pressure liquid chromatography for the microsomal metabolism of certain substituted aliphatics to 1,N6-ethenoadenine-forming metabolites.

Abstract Monohaloacetaldehydes and monohalooxiranes are early oxidative metabolites of several carcinogenic haloaliphatics. Since monohaloacetaldehydes and supposedly monohalooxiranes react with adenines to form fluorescent 1,N6-ethenoadenines, it was hypothesized that in vitro metabolic systems that produce an ethenoadenine-forming metabolite could be assayed quantitatively by trapping the metabolite in situ with an adenine and identifying it by its characteristic retention and fluorescence during HPLC. Bromoacetaldehyde was chosen as a model haloacetaldehyde to develop an assay based on this concept for measurements in a microsomal system. The optimal trapping reaction requires a postmetabolic step involving acidification and heating. Cyclic AMP was found to be a suitable adenine for the trapping reaction under these conditions. The chromatographic analysis utilizes tetrabutylammonium phosphate and a nonsilica reversed-phase stationary phase (Hamilton PRP-1). The chromatography is isocratic and allows an analysis time of less than 5 min per sample. The titration of bromoacetaldehyde in a microsomal system is affected by typically studied metabolic conditions: incubation time, pH, and protein concentration. Using this assay, the following were found to be metabolized by rat liver microsomes to ethenoadenine-forming products: 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, cyclophosphamide, vinyl chloride, and acrylonitrile. Chloroacetone and 1,3-dichloroacetone also are fluorochromogenic without metabolism but the latter apparently forms a positively charged, nonetheno adduct. The proposed assay should be useful for in vitro metabolic studies of 1,2-dihaloethanes and mustards and has potential application for similar studies of monohalogenated ethanes, ethanols, and ethenes. The positive results with acrylonitrile suggest also that many types of substituted aliphatics may be studied with this proposed assay.
Response to the study of Cornips et al. titled "The lumbosacral angle does not reflect progressive tethered cord syndrome in children with spinal dysraphism.".

Dear Editor,We read with interest the paper by Cornips et al. [ 1]. Theauthors have performed an elegant study evaluating forchanges in the lumbosacral angle in patients with spinaldysraphism. Unfortunately, the authors excluded 82 childrenfor various exclusion criteria. Their findings did not supportan earlier study of ours that evaluated this radiological findingover time in pediatric patients with myelomeningocele andlipomyelomeningocele [ 2]. This might be explained by thegreater degree of tethering seen in patients with lipomyelo-meningocele. The authors of the present study evaluated cordtethering from multiple pathological entities. Moreover, thereis also the possibility that there were subtle differencesbetween the clinical evaluations of symptoms of the tetheredcord between the two studies [3, 4]. We agree with Cornips etal. that a prospective trial is necessary to verify these data.Sincerely,R. Shane TubbsReferences
Induction of blood brain barrier tight junction protein alterations by CD8 T cells

Disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a hallmark feature of immune-mediated neurological disorders as diverse as viral hemorrhagic fevers, cerebral malaria and acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. Although current models hypothesize that immune cells promote vascular permeability in human disease, the role CD8 T cells play in BBB breakdown remains poorly defined. Our laboratory has developed a novel murine model of CD8 T cell mediated central nervous system (CNS) vascular permeability using a variation of the Theiler's virus model of multiple sclerosis. In previous studies, we observed that MHC class II−/− (CD4 T cell deficient), IFN-γR−/−, TNF-α−/−, TNFR1−/−, TNFR2−/−, and TNFR1/TNFR2 double knockout mice as well as those with inhibition of IL-1 and LTβ activity were susceptible to CNS vascular permeability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the extent immune effector proteins utilized by CD8 T cells, perforin and FasL, contributed to CNS vascular permeability. Using techniques such as fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS), T1 gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), FITC-albumin leakage assays, microvessel isolation, western blotting and immunofluorescent microscopy, we show that in vivo stimulation of CNS infiltrating antigen-specific CD8 T cells initiates astrocyte activation, alteration of BBB tight junction proteins and increased CNS vascular permeability in a non-apoptotic manner. Using the aforementioned techniques, we found that despite having similar expansion of CD8 T cells in the brain as wildtype and Fas Ligand deficient animals, perforin deficient mice were resistant to tight junction alterations and CNS vascular permeability. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that CNS infiltrating antigen-specific CD8 T cells have the capacity to initiate BBB tight junction disruption through a non-apoptotic perforin dependent mechanism and our model is one of few that are useful for studies in this field. These novel findings are highly relevant to the development of therapies designed to control immune mediated CNS vascular permeability.
Central Memory and Effector Memory Subsets of Human CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Display Differential Sensitivity to TNF‐α‐Induced Apoptosis

Upon activation by antigen, naive T cell subsets undergo proliferation and differentiation into effector cells, followed by the generation of a pool of memory T cells. Based upon migration pattern and functions, they are classified into central memory (predominantly homing to the lymph nodes) and effector memory (predominantly homing to extralymphoid sites) subsets. These subsets are defined phenotypically by a set of cell surface molecules. In this investigation, we demonstrate that naive and central memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in humans undergo tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced apoptosis, whereas effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are relatively resistant to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. We also provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential sensitivity of naive and different sets of memory T cells to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis.
Nuclear magnetic resonance in Al-rich quasiperiodic crystals

The 27 Al and the 55 Mn nuclear magnetic resonance powder pattern lineshapes have been obtained in icosahedral and decagonal ( T phase) Al-Mn quasiperiodic crystals, and are compared to that of orthorhombic Al 6 Mn. The quasiperiodic crystals yield much broader spectra with little resolved structure. The quadrupole and Knight shift parameters for the 55 Mn resonance in orthorhombic Al 6 Mn have been determined as | v Q | = 0.76 MHz,Kax = −2.7 × 10 −4 , K iso = + 5 × 10 −3 . The results imply that Al 6 Mn and the quasiperiodic crystals have similar electronic and magnetic properties.
Random versus rational strategies for initial configurations in nonmetric multidimensional scaling

An examination is made concerning the utility and design of studies comparing nonmetric scaling algorithms and their initial configurations, as well as the agreement between the results of such studies. Various practical details of nonmetric scaling are also considered.
Active control of wind-excited structures

Abstract The concept of applying active damping to reduce the effects of environmental loads on the structural response and stability of tall structures is a topic of increasing interest. Active control of seismic structures is currently under extensive study. Reduced scale experiments have proven the feasibility of applying active control systems to seismic structures. Recently, active mas dampers have been installed on an eleven-story building. Unlike passive control devices, active controls require external energy for their operation. It is well known that windstorms occur more frequently than catastrophic earthquakes. Passive control systems have recently been used ib tall buildings. The active control systems proposed for structural control of wind-excited structures are to be used for limiting building floor drift and reducing discomfort of occupants of tall buildings. The systems could also be used to control where vibrations of bridges and other important structures where vibration limitations are critical.
Inhibitory effect of HIV-specific neutralizing IgA on mucosal transmission of HIV in humanized mice.

HIV-1 infections are generally initiated at mucosal sites. Thus, IgA antibody, which plays pivotal roles in mucosal immunity, might efficiently prevent HIV infection. However, mounting a highly effective HIV-specific mucosal IgA response by conventional immunization has been challenging and the potency of HIV-specific IgA against infection needs to be addressed in vivo. Here we show that the polymeric IgA form of anti-HIV antibody inhibits HIV mucosal transmission more effectively than the monomeric IgA or IgG1 form in a comparable range of concentrations in humanized mice. To deliver anti-HIV IgA in a continual manner, we devised a hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC)–based genetic approach using an IgA gene. We transplanted human HSPCs transduced with a lentiviral construct encoding a class-switched anti-HIV IgA (b12-IgA) into the humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mice. The transgene was expressed specifically in B cells and plasma cells in lymphoid organs and mucosal sites. After vaginal HIV-1 challenge, mucosal CD4+ T cells in the b12-IgA–producing mice were protected from virus-mediated depletion. Similar results were also obtained in a second humanized model, “human immune system mice.” Our study demonstrates the potential of anti-HIV IgA in immunoprophylaxis in vivo, emphasizing the importance of the mucosal IgA response in defense against HIV/AIDS.
Atmospheric Chemistry in Giant Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Low-Mass Dwarf Stars: I. Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen

Abstract The chemical species containing carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in atmospheres of giant planets, brown dwarfs (T and L dwarfs), and low-mass stars (M dwarfs) are identified as part of a comprehensive set of thermochemical equilibrium and kinetic calculations for all elements. The calculations cover a wide temperature and pressure range in the upper portions of giant planetary and T-, L-, and M-dwarf atmospheres. Emphasis is placed on the major gases CH4, CO, NH3, N2, and H2O but other less abundant gases are included. The results presented are independent of particular model atmospheres, and can be used to constrain model atmosphere temperatures and pressures from observations of different gases. The influence of metallicity on the speciation of these key elements under pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions relevant to low-mass object atmospheres is discussed. The results of the thermochemical equilibrium computations indicate that several compounds may be useful to establish temperature or pressure scales for giant planet, brown dwarf, or dwarf star atmospheres. We find that ethane and methanol abundance are useful temperature probes in giant planets and methane dwarfs such as Gl 229B, and that CO2 can serve as a temperature probe in more massive objects. Imidogen (NH) abundances are a unique pressure-independent temperature probe for all objects. Total pressure probes for warmer brown dwarfs and M dwarfs are HCN, HCNO, and CH2O. No temperature-independent probes for the total pressure in giant planets or T-dwarf atmospheres are identified among the more abundant C, N, and O bearing gases investigated here.
Conflict, Exclusion, Relocation: Skateboarding and Public Space

Policy makers often mark groups of young people in public spaces as threats to public order. As a result, spaces are produced in which teens must show deference to adult definitions of appropriate behaviour. One group experiencing such forms of control and regulation is the street skateboarding culture. This paper discusses this phenomenon in the context of a 2002 skateboarding ban in Philadelphia's LOVE Park, a world-famous ‘skatespot’ adjacent to City Hall. Through a variety of methods, the paper shows how powerful City interests defined this group as deviant, unruly and worthy of removal. It argues that the skateboarders' exclusion from Center City denies their fundamental right to a space for performance, identity formation and representation in the public forum.
Adult Neural Stem Cells Bridge Their Niche

Major developments in the neural stem cell (NSC) field in recent years provide new insights into the nature of the NSC niche. In this perspective, we integrate recent anatomical data on the organization of the two main neurogenic niches in the adult brain, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), with signaling pathways that control the behavior of NSCs. NSCs in the adult brain stretch into physiologically distinct compartments of their niche. We propose how adult NSCs' morphology may allow these cells to integrate multiple signaling pathways arising from unique locations of their niche.
Use of Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration to Remove Dissolved Organics from Aqueous Streams

Abstract Traditional ultrafiltration is ineffective at removing dissolved low molecular weight organics from water. In micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF), surfactant is added to the water at concentrations well above the critical micelle concentration. Almost all of the organic originally dissolved (the solute) solubilizes in the micelles formed by the surfactant. The solution then passes through an ultrafiltration membrane with pores small enough to block micelle passage. The permeate contains (at most) only the unsolubilized solute and the surfactant monomer, both at very low concentrations. In this work, the criteria for selecting a surfactant are considered and MEUF is tested on an aqueous stream containing 4-tert-butyl-phenol with hexadecylpyridinium chloride as the surfactant. At high surfactant concentrations (0.25 M) in the retentate, rejections decrease, probably owing to the formation of n-mers (e.g., dimers, trimers, etc.) which are able to pass through the pores along with some solubiliz...
Efficient subdivision of finite-element datasets into consistent tetrahedra

The paper discusses the problem of subdividing unstructured mesh topologies containing hexahedra, prisms, pyramids and tetrahedra into a consistent set of only tetrahedra, while preserving the overall mesh topology. Efficient algorithms for volume rendering, iso-contouring and particle advection exist for mesh topologies comprised solely of tetrahedra. General finite-element simulations however, consist mainly of hexahedra, and possibly prisms, pyramids and tetrahedra. Arbitrary subdivision of these mesh topologies into tetrahedra can lead to discontinuous behaviour across element faces. This will show up as visible artifacts in the iso-contouring and volume rendering algorithms, and lead to impossible face adjacency graphs for many algorithms. The authors present various properties of tetrahedral subdivisions, and an algorithm SOP determining a consistent subdivision containing a minimal set of tetrahedra.
Thermal Conductivity of Cubic and Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Thin Films

No. % Uncertainty tf (nm) Min Max Min Max kf (W/m.K) Uncertainty 1 Hexagonal P123 46 ± 5 320 7 10 3 5 0.18 ± 0.02 2 Hexagonal P123 48 ± 5 160 7 10 3 5 0.18 ± 0.01 3 Hexagonal P123 40 ± 5 300 7 10 3 5 0.22 ± 0.01 4 Hexagonal P123 43 ± 5 540 7 10 3 5 0.20 ± 0.01 5 Hexagonal P123 45 ± 5 130 7 10 3 5 0.18 ± 0.01 6 Cubic Brij76 21 ± 5 155 3 5 2 3 0.30 ± 0.04 7 Cubic Brij76 23 ± 5 150 3 5 2 3 0.29 ± 0.02 8 Cubic Brij76 23 ± 5 170 3 5 2 3 0.34 ± 0.03 9 Cubic P123 29 ± 5 185 8 10 3 5 0.28 ± 0.03 10 Cubic P123 23 ± 5 200 8 10 3 5 0.38 ± 0.02 11 Cubic P123 26 ± 5 85 8 10 3 5 0.27 ± 0.01 12 Cubic P123 25 ± 5 80 8 10 3 5 0.27 ± 0.01 13 Cubic KLE 27 ± 5 300 15 18 10 12 0.35 ± 0.01 14 Cubic KLE 30 ± 5 130 15 18 10 12 0.32 ± 0.04 Matrix phase: Temperature:
POLYCULTURE OF CHINESE CARPS AND PRAWNS AT COMMERCIAL DENSITIES AND REDUCED FEEDING RATES I. WATER AND SEDIMENT MICROBIAL ECOLOGY

The ecology of water and sediment microbial communities was examined over a 28-week period in semi-intensive prawn monoculture ponds and fish/prawn polyculture ponds stocked with commercial densities of silver and grass carp but fed at 50% and 1% of control feeding rates. Fish polycultures at reduced feeding rates had little effect on phytoplankton biomass parameters (concentrations of ATP, chl a), total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (TN, TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) during the experimental period. However, fish polyculture ponds fed at reduced rates had significantly increased rates of primary production, microbial DNA synthesis, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, and surface sedimentary oxygen consumption rates compared to controls. High rate plyculture ponds fed at one-half (20 kg·ha-1·d-1) the control monoculture ponds (40 kg·ha-1· d-1) had two times (2X) lower suspended organic matter (SOM) concentrations at 13 weeks, lower surface sediment ATP concentrations at 9 weeks, less within-pond variability in surface sediment ATP concentrations, and higher sedimentary respiration rates than controls. Polyculture ponds fed at 0.4 kg·ha-1 · d-1 had 3X less SOM than controls but had sedimentary respiration rates similar to the high rate polyculture ponds. In short, fish polycultures in intensive prawn aquaculture ponds combined with reduced feeding rates may be a simple solution to the pervasive problems of water quality control, benthic reducing conditions and decreased prawn growth characteristic of semi-intensive aquaculture ponds under continuous cultivation.
HAMILTONIAN THEORY OF THE FRACTIONAL HALL EFFECT

A brief introduction to the Hamiltonian approach to the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE) is given. The theory is developed to a point where one can derive the trial wavefunctions of Laughlin and Jain. The reader is then guided to literature where further developments allowing detailed quantitative results are described.
New method of large ink supply without long tubing system for wide-format ink-jet printer

This paper explored the design of large ink supply system of ink-jet printer, which is in general installed in so-called wide format printer today. Subsequently, a new type of large ink supply system was presented to fulfill the fundamental functions that ink in the reservoir could be automatically delivered into the print head of printer by means of capillary force in nature. Moreover, the new system was characterized with no traditional long tubing portions such that pressure loss or vibration, due to long ink passage of tubing, could be eliminated. To achieve the goal of removing traditional long tubing system, the ink reservoir width of system must be greater than the print width of printer. As a result, a stable back pressure of print head can be kept all the time no matter the print is printing or not; it could also be more stable than before even if print head is moving in high speed. Hence, better print quality could be obtained in the printer equipped with the new system of paper.
Network planning considerations for network sharing in UMTS

The objective of the paper is to illustrate the potential impacts on operating costs associated with a variety of different 'UMTS network sharing' scenarios such as sharing site locations, RNS (radio network subsystem) equipment, transmission, core network, national roaming and MVNO (mobile virtual network operators). Comparisons are made between a generic reference network design, obtained using simplified dimensioning tools (see Kromer, J., ibid., p.281-8), and a number of network sharing options currently under consideration in the market place. In addition to covering areas such as sharing sites, node B equipment, RNC (radio network controller), core network and transmission costs, installation and operation issues are also considered. Regulatory and standards issues related to network sharing are included in the analysis. The relative merits of each network sharing scenario are presented and sharing recommendations for the different phases of network deployment are provided.
Coping Efforts and Efficacy, Acculturation, and Post-Traumatic Symptomatology in Adolescents Following Wildfire

Recent studies of children and adolescents who have experienced a residential, industrial, or wild fire have suggested a causal link between fire disaster and PTSD related psychological distress. Not everyone, however, is equally affected by the stress of experiencing such an event, and the role of coping in this process may be an important mediating factor.
Static SU ( 3 ) potentials for sources in various representations

The potentials and string tensions between static sources in a variety of representations (fundamental, 8, 6, 15 antisymmetric; 10, 27 and 15 symmetric) have been computed by measuring Wilson loops in pure gauge $\mathrm{SU}(3).$ The simulations have been done primarily on anisotropic lattices, using a tadpole improved action improved to ${O(a}_{s}^{4}).$ A range of lattice spacings (0.43 fm, 0.25 fm and 0.11 fm) and volumes ${(8}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24,$ ${10}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24,$ ${16}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24$ and ${18}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24)$ has been used in an attempt to control discretization and finite volume effects. At intermediate distances, the results show approximate Casimir scaling. Finite lattice spacing effects dominate systematic error, and are particularly large for the representations with the largest string tensions.
Videology: Video‐Games as Postmodern Sites/Sights of Ideological Reproduction

As new technologies, video-games are becoming increasingly popular among today's pre-teens and teenagers. Relying on systematic observation of videogames found in public arcades, participation in them, and engagement with the relevant literature, I explore eight central assumptions of “videology”: the ideology which organizes these games. While suggesting that these assumptions articulate and exaggerate problematic ideological themes, I also explore the relationship between videology and a postmodern culture or moment.
Superstar effects on royalty income in a performing rights organization

This paper examines the economic accomplishments of individual members in a Performing Rights Organization (PRO), sometimes referred to as a Performing Rights Society. Today, there is the growing importance of intellectual property and copyright protection for authors and creators of literary, dramatic, musical, artistic and other intellectual works. The digital age has placed added pressure on songwriters, lyricists and composers in their ability to derive economic benefits from their intellectual creativity in the form of a copyright. Copyright laws protect and enable the creation of music by allowing authors and composers to license the control and use of their creations, and receive compensation in the form of royalty payments for their work. The PROs license, collect and distribute royalty payments for non-dramatic public performances of copyrighted musical works created and owned by its members or affiliates. In this paper, skewness and heavy tail of returns in the form of member royalty payments are estimated using the skew-normal and skew-t distributions in a parametric approach. We found strong evidence of the so-called ‘superstar effect’ in which the average royalty payment made by a PRO is still dominated by extreme outcomes, and relatively few members earned a substantial share of royalty payments from blockbuster hits that have endured over time. There is little evidence of smaller niche members dominating or replacing the ‘superstars.’ Economists and others will benefit from this empirical study which emphasizes a new understanding of the music industry from a PRO, member royalty payment and performance copyright perspective.
ROBUSTNESS OF VARIANCE ESTIMATES FOR BATCH AND CONTINUOUS PROCESSES

The complexity of a hierarchical process structure containing nested and crossed factors is an important concern for estimating variability. This article considers the effects of such a structure on traditional estimates and recommends sampling strategi..
Studies of Chloroplast Development in Euglena. VII. Fine Structure of the Developing Plastid.

1. BEN-SHAUL, Y., J. A. SCHIFF, AND H. T. EPSTEIN. 1964. Studies of chloroplast development in Euglena. VII. Fine structure of the developing plastid. Plant Physiol. 39: 231-40. 2. BERGERON, J. A. 1958. The bacterial chromatophore. Brookhaven Symp. in Biol. 11: 118-31. 3. BROWN, J. S. 1959-1960. Factors influencing the proportion of the forms of chlorophyll in algae. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Ybk. 59: 330-33. 4. EILAM, Y. AND S. KLEIN. 1962. The effect of light intensity and sucrose feeding on the fine structure in chloroplasts and on the chlorophyll content of etiolated leaves. J. Cell Biol. 14: 16982.
What influences children's conceptualizations of language input?

Purpose Children learning language conceptualize the nature of input they receive in ways that allow them to understand and construct utterances they have never heard before. This study was designe...
Continuity in a Changing Health Care Environment

It’s Saturday morning, and an otherwise healthy 35year-old patient with a sore throat, cough and fever is concerned that she may have strep. She knows she will be unable to see her primary care provider (PCP) until at least Monday. With a busy week at work ahead, she decides instead to go to her local retail clinic, where she is seen by a nurse practitioner and preliminary results are negative for strep. Feeling relieved by the results, she does not bother calling her PCP.
Comments on neutrons as an energy source for the solar corona

Fowler and Hashemi1 have recently suggested a coronal heating mechanism which depends on the radioactive decay in the corona of neutrons produced in the photosphere, with the subsequent energy loss of the charged decay fragments. We wish to point out that the existence of a photospheric neutron flux, of the magnitude suggested, would be detectable through observation of a flux of 2.22 MeV neutron-proton capture gamma rays, emanating from the outer ∼ 20 g cm−2 of the photosphere. We will show that the expected capture gamma ray flux based on the model1 in question is several orders of magnitude larger than observations of the continuous and sporadic emission of the 2.22 MeV gamma ray line from the Sun would indicate.
Hollow alumina fibers for CO2 laser delivery systems

An articulated arm containing hollow-alumina waveguides has been developed for use with surgical, carbon-dioxide lasers. It has been demonstrated that this arm has excellent pointing ability and it can be used with micromanipulators, handpieces, and endoscopic-waveguides. This arm incorporates lower cost materials and much shorter assembly and alignment times than conventional articulated arms. A separate system has been developed for the combining of a carbon-dioxide laser beam delivered by an articulated arm with a Nd:YAG laser beam delivered by a fiber and the launching of the combined beams into an endoscopic alumina waveguide. This system can deliver more then 85% of the CO2 and over 40% of the Nd:YAG radiation to tissue.
Circumplex Model of Family Systems: A Treatment Tool in Family Counseling.

The Circumplex Model and its diagnostic inventory, FACES III, are emerging as important tools for the family counselor. The authors describe the model and inventory and illustrate their use through a case study with a multiproblem family.
A neonatal hippocampal disconnection model; testing a neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia

Abstract In a series of studies, we have shown that neonatal excitotoxic disconnection of the rat ventral hippocampus (VH) may serve as a heuristic model of schizophrenia. The model mimics a spectrum of neurobiological and behavioral features of schizophrenia. It produces functional pathology in critical brain regions implicated in schizophrenia and connected with the hippocampal formation—the striatum/nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. These brain regions are also targeted by antipsychotic drugs. Neonatal insult leads in young adulthood to the emergence of abnormalities in a number of dopamine related behaviors. It also models some of the negative aspects of schizophrenia, such as social impairments and working memory deficits. Moreover, our data show that even transient inactivation of the VH during a critical period of development that produces subtle anatomical changes in the hippocampus, may be sufficient to trigger behavioral changes similar to those observed in animals with the permanent excitotoxic lesion. The results of BrdU incorporation studies show that this transient disconnection in the CA1 and Ca2 area of the hippocampus may have long lasting consequences for the neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Our data suggest that neonatal disconnection of the VH alters development and plasticity of prefrontal cortical circuitry and produces a constellation of behavioral and cellular changes that mimic many aspects of schizophrenia. The neonatal hippocampal disconnection model represents a potential new model of schizophrenia without a gross anatomical lesion.
Impedance characteristics of ion selective glass electrodes

Summary Impedance characteristics of two ion selective glass electrodes (Beckman E-2 and General Purpose) have been investigated with particular attention given to low frequency phenomena. Using both ionic and metallic contacts over a wide temperature range, these studies extend the data range and show that the low frequency impedance is determined by a slow surface process rather than finite Warburg or diffusion-controlled processes. Impedances showing two distributed time constants are fit well by the Cole-Cole equation and interpreted by Macdonald's model. Lack of temperature dependence of time constant distribution implies an entropy-controlled distribution of transport parameters. Glass membrane impedances are compared with impedances of other ion exchange membrane materials to demonstrate generality of these phenomena.
Energy functional of the one-particle reduced density matrix : a geminal approach

Abstract A significant portion of the energy functional of the one-particle reduced density matrix (1-RDM) is elucidated through geminal functional theory (GFT) [D.A. Mazziotti, J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 10125]. We optimize the functional through an iterative solution of the 1,3-contracted Schrodinger equation (1,3-CSE). The method yields energies which are (i) above the true energy, (ii) more accurate than Hartree–Fock, and (iii) exact for a general family of correlated Hamiltonians. By applying a learning algorithm to these results, we determine correlation energies within 10% for atoms and molecules.
Aluminum oxide coating for post-growth photo emission wavelength tuning of indium phosphide nanowire networks

Semiconductor-oxide nanostructure devices can be a very intriguing material platform if optoelectronic properties of the original semiconductor nanostructures can be tuned by explicitly controlling properties of the oxide coating. This paper describes our finding that optical properties of semiconductor nanowires can be tuned by depositing a thin layer of metal oxide. In this experiment, indium phosphide nanowires were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates with gold catalyst. The nanowires formed three-dimensional nanowire networks from which collective optical properties were obtained. The nanowire network was coated with an aluminum oxide thin film deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. We studied the dependence of the peak wavelength of photoluminescence spectra on the thickness of the oxide coatings. We observed continuous blue shift in photoluminescence spectra when the thickness of the oxide coating was increased. The observed blue shift is attributed to the Burstein-Moss effect due to increased carrier concentration in the nanowire cores caused by repulsion from an intrinsic negative fixed charge from the oxide surface. Samples were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selective area diffractometry in an attempt to explain the physical mechanisms for the blue shift.
The future of the personal computer in the home: A research note

It is widely accepted that, if technology is to be more accepted in the home, it must change to better suit this environment. A number of researchers have argued that this change will take the form of the “post-PC world”. Rather than use home PCs, it is predicted we will use single-function “appliances”, crafted for specific purposes. As currently stated, the model is flawed. It over-emphasises usability barriers to home PC adoption, and ignores the great success of multi-function devices. More seriously, the argument is based on a model of innovative technologies competing with and then superseding existing technologies. This is a simplification-often there is a process ofbalkanisation, where the market and use of devices changes, grows, shrinks and is subdivided. One potential balkanisation of the home PC market space is discussed, producing a range of PC-type devices which better fit home environments.
A Strategy for Analyzing Gene—Nutrient Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), like all chronic diseases, results from interactions between multiple genes and multiple environmental factors. Nevertheless, many research studies focus on either nutrition or genetic factors independently of each other. The challenges of analyzing gene–nutrient interactions in T2DM are the (i) genetic heterogeneity in humans, (ii) complexity of environmental factors, particularly dietary chemicals, and (iii) diverse physiologies that produce the same apparent disease. Many of these variables are not accounted for in the design or study of T2DM or, indeed, most chronic diseases, although exceptions are noteworthy. Establishing experimental paradigms to analyze the complexity of these interactions and physiologies is challenging, but possible. This article provides a strategy to extend nutrigenomic experimental strategies to include early environmental influences that may promote adult-onset disease.