cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of doping, pressure and van Hove singularities on highest T c materials

A review of some striking predictions of electronic structure theory about the role of van Hove singularities (vHs) on the electronic structure and properties of the newest and highest temperature superconducting cuprates is given. The results provide possible strong evidence for the role of vHs in the superconductivity of quasi-2D high Tc systems. They thus serve to call attention to their role not only in enhancing Tc through large increases in N(EF) and Fermi surface areas, but also in possibly providing support for vHs based excitonic pairing mechanisms for superconductivity. Further, this information, derived from the understanding—expressed as an “empirical rule”—gained from the related role of doping and pressure, is used to investigate other likely systems for being made into high Tc superconductors.
Integration of High-Performance Computing into Cloud Computing Services

High-Performance Computing (HPC) projects span a spectrum of computer hardware implementations ranging from peta-flop supercomputers, high-end tera-flop facilities running a variety of operating systems and applications, to mid-range and smaller computational clusters used for HPC application development, pilot runs and prototype staging clusters. What they all have in common is that they operate as a stand-alone system rather than a scalable and shared user re-configurable resource. The advent of cloud computing has changed the traditional HPC implementation. In this article, we will discuss a very successful production-level architecture and policy framework for supporting HPC services within a more general cloud computing infrastructure. This integrated environment, called Virtual Computing Lab (VCL), has been operating at NC State since fall 2004. Nearly 8,500,000 HPC CPU-Hrs were delivered by this environment to NC State faculty and students during 2009. In addition, we present and discuss operational data that show that integration of HPC and non-HPC (or general VCL) services in a cloud can substantially reduce the cost of delivering cloud services (down to cents per CPU hour).
It's not us, it's you: How threatening self-brand association leads to brand pursuit

Abstract This research demonstrates that information threatening a consumer's self-association with a brand can increase preference for the threatened brand, an effect termed brand pursuit. Summing across a field study and three experiments, the research shows that experienced anxiety mediates the effect of threat on brand pursuit, that a-priori self-brand association strength moderates the effect of threat (since those with stronger association experience more anxiety in response to threat), and that reinforcing the self on other dimensions eliminates the effect of threat on brand pursuit. In addition, this research proposes that self-concept threats are best understood if conceptualized in terms of the specific associations they target. The key implication of these findings is that threats to self-brand associations can be an effective strategy for increasing brand preference, a tactic contrary to marketing convention.
Role of Cardiac Neural Crest in the Development of the Caudal Pharyngeal Arches, the Cardiac Outflow and Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the requirement of the cardiac neural crest cells in the formation of the septum that divides the cardiac arterial pole into systemic and pulmonary circulations. Further, cardiac neural crest cells directly support the normal development and patterning of derivatives of the caudal pharyngeal arches, including the great arteries and the thymus, thyroid, and parathyroids. Recently, cardiac neural crest cells have also been shown to indirectly influence the development of the secondary heart field, another derivative of the caudal pharynx, by modulating signaling in the pharynx. The contribution and function of the cardiac neural crest has been learned in avian models; most of the genes associated with cardiac neural crest function have been identified using mouse models. Together these studies show that the neural crest cells may not always directly cause abnormal cardiovascular development, but may be involved secondarily because they represent a major component in the complex tissue interactions in the caudal pharynx and outflow tract. Cardiac neural crest cells span from the caudal pharynx into the outflow tract, and therefore may be susceptible to any perturbation in or by other cells in these regions. Thus, understanding congenital cardiac outflow malformations in human sequences of malformations resulting from genetic and/or environmental insults necessarily requires understanding development of the cardiac neural crest.
Automated measurement of mouse social behaviors using depth sensing, video tracking, and machine learning

A lack of automated, quantitative, and accurate assessment of social behaviors in mammalian animal models has limited progress toward understanding mechanisms underlying social interactions and their disorders such as autism. Here we present a new integrated hardware and software system that combines video tracking, depth sensing, and machine learning for automatic detection and quantification of social behaviors involving close and dynamic interactions between two mice of different coat colors in their home cage. We designed a hardware setup that integrates traditional video cameras with a depth camera, developed computer vision tools to extract the body “pose” of individual animals in a social context, and used a supervised learning algorithm to classify several well-described social behaviors. We validated the robustness of the automated classifiers in various experimental settings and used them to examine how genetic background, such as that of Black and Tan Brachyury (BTBR) mice (a previously reported autism model), influences social behavior. Our integrated approach allows for rapid, automated measurement of social behaviors across diverse experimental designs and also affords the ability to develop new, objective behavioral metrics.
Properties of polyurethane oligomeric blends versus high molecular weight block copolymers

Abstract Segmental compatibility has been investigated in both oligomeric polyurethane blends and polyurethane block copolymers. The block copolymers are formed by linking a hard segment, composed of three MDI and two butane diol units on average with various macroglycols. The monodisperse oligomeric hard segment, H 3 , with its chain ends reacted with ethanol is used as the urethane component in blends with macroglycols. The macroglycols used in both the blend and block copolymer systems include polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO), and polybutadiene (PBD). Blends of H 3 and PEO form a eutectic at a weight ratio of ≈20 80 ( H 3 / PEO ) with a T m,e = 34° C . H 3 and PTMO blends also give rise to a eutectic composition at ≈20 80 ( H 3 / PTMO ) but with a T m,e = 10° C . Both PPO and PBD mix with H 3 to form a crystalline—amorphous blend. The miscibility of H 3 and the soft segments at the melting point of H 3 is in the order of PEO > PTMO > PPO > PBD. In the block copolymer systems, stress—strain and dynamic mechanical testing indicate that the block copolymerization of a hard segment with each soft segment results in a microphase separated elastomer as expected. The extent of phase separation increases in the order of PBD > PTMO > PPO > PEO which is coincident with the trend predicated by the application of Hilderbrand's solubility parameter concept. All the soft segments used occur in an amorphous phase in the block copolymers while PEO and PTMO crystallize in a blend with H 3 . The differences between the properties of the blends and block copolymers suggest that the phase separation, segment crystallization and domain coalescence are substantially restricted by the urethane—polyol junction points.
Potential Anticancer Agents I: Confirming Evidence for the Structure of Fagaronine

The structure of fagaronine was confirmed by spectral studies on its N, demethyl derivative.
Suicide by Pedestrian Versus Motor Vehicle: A Case Report

Suicide is the deliberate act of ending one's own life. Historically, men commit suicide more frequently than do women; however, rates have increased for women worldwide in recent years. Transportation injuries have been widely reported as means of suicide such as operators of motor vehicles or jumpers into the pathway of trains. Few definitive reports exist of pedestrians deliberately jumping into the pathway of a motor vehicle. A security camera demonstrates a pedestrian deliberately entering the pathway of a moving vehicle resulting in death from multiple blunt force trauma.
Managerial evaluation of exogenous forecast sources

This paper concerns the managerial evaluation of forecast vendors—individuals or firms offering for sale future forecasts of random variables relevant to managerial decision making. Assuming the forecasts are exogenous in the sense they are generated by a methodology unknown or unproven to management, the paper uses a logistic regression model to present a statistical test for informativeness that allows for an interpretation of the vendor's abilities. The advantage of the approach is that it requires as input only knowledge of the unconditional probability distribution of the variable being forecast and a relatively small historical track record of the vendor's forecasting performance. No benchmark forecast is necessary and few assumptions are required about the statistical process that generates the forecasts. As an illustrative empirical application, the paper presents an evaluation of the informativeness of the published long-range price forecasts by a veteran analyst of the Iowa hog market.
The anisotropy of heteronuclear isotropic mixing

Efficient heteronuclear J cross-polarization ( I, 2) in liquids has recently been demonstrated using multiple-pulse sequences instead of spin locking with a single pulse (3-7). These experiments, called heteronuclear isotropic mixing ( 7), HEHAHA, or hetero-TOCSY (6), have been proposed as a preferable alternative to INEPT or DEPT and as a technique for extending total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY or HOHAHA ) to heteronuclear spin systems (6). Some of this attention has been motivated by the hope (5, 6) that multiple-pulse sequences could slow relaxation in these rotatingframe experiments below a rate of T;j , as has been demonstrated in homonuclear TOCSY experiments (8). It is the purpose of this Note to show that pulse sequences which prolong relaxation in heteronuclear systems lead to inefficient heteronuclear cross-polarization, and that consequently the reasoning behind the choice of mixing sequences must be different in heteronuclear experiments than it is in homonuclear experiments. The term “isotropic” has come to have several meanings in the NMR literature. In homonuclear cross-polarization experiments (TOCSY or HOHAHA), the term has been applied to pulse sequences which eliminate Zeeman terms from the total Hamiltonian, so that in liquids only the J coupling terms remain:
Extended parental care in marine amphipods. I. Juvenile survival without parents

Extended parental care is found among a variety of marine peracarid species including endobenthic and epibenthic amphipods. After hatching from the female's brood pouch, small juveniles enjoy parental care for time periods of several days up to several weeks. This study examined whether small juvenile amphipods can survive without parental care to determine if this reproductive strategy is obligate or facultative. Juveniles of the burrow-dwelling species Leptocheirus pinguis (Stimpson 1853) and Casco bigelowi (Blake 1929) survived well in predator-free trays, indicating that extended parental care in these species is a facultative reproductive strategy — juveniles can survive without their parents. Medium-sized juveniles of the epibenthic, suspension-feeding species Dyopedos monacanthus (Metzger 1875) survived relatively well in predator-free traps, but small juvenile D. monacanthus did not. This low survival rate of small D. monacanthus, even in predator-free trays, demonstrates that extended parental care is obligate for the survival of early juvenile stages in this epibenthic amphipod. When exposed to predators, juveniles of all three amphipod species were susceptible to predation, and reacted by emigration. Most juvenile L. pinguis and C. bigelowi emigrated or disappeared from sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa treatments, but many remained in hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus treatments. Almost all juvenile D. monacanthus emigrated from both sand shrimp and hermit crab treatments, indicating that this epibenthic amphipod species is very susceptible to epibenthic predation. Survival of juvenile D. monacanthus was lower than that of L. pinguis and C. bigelowi both in predator-free and in predator trays. These results suggest that juveniles of this and other epibenthic peracarids depend on maternal care to a higher degree than juveniles of endobenthic burrow-dwelling species.
932 MODULATION BY T CELL SUBSETS OF MYELOID STEM CELLS

It has been shown that T lymphocytes modulate in vitro myeloid colony formation (CFU-C). The current studies were aimed at determining whether human T cell subsets separated on the basis of presence or absence of Fc receptors for IgG have differential effects on CFU-C. T cells prepared by nylon wool filtration of Ficoll-Hypaque separated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were incubated with IgG coated ox erythrocytes (EAG). Cells rosetting with EAG (TG +) were separated from non-rosetting cells (TG−) by gradient separation. TG− cells were further separated by sheep erythrocytes (E)- rosette sedimentation into E-RFC+ and E-RFC-cells. The latter, enriched in CFU-C, were pre-incubated alone (control), or in the presence of TG + or TG− cell fraction for 18 hours, and then plated in methylcellulose in the presence of fibroblast conditioned medium as a source of colony stimulating factors. In four experiments, those pre-incubated with TG− cells showed a 388%, 246%, 149%, and 262% increase over the controls in the number of myeloid colonies formed (p<0.001). By contrast, those pre-incubated with TG+ cells showed an 81%, 94%, 15%, and 91% reduction of the control colony number (p<0.01). These findings suggest that T cell subsets have opposing effects on myeloid colony forming cells. Those lacking Fc receptors for IgG stimulate CFU-C, whereas those expressing Fc receptors for IgG inhibit CFU-C.
Facile Cd−Thiourea Complex Thermolysis Synthesis of Phase-Controlled CdS Nanocrystals for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production under Visible Light

We describe a simple cadmium−thiourea complex thermolysis route for the formation of CdS nanocrystals with controlled dispersity, crystalline phase, composition, average grain size, and band gap. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities for hydrogen production over the different CdS products have been compared. Phase structure and composition of the obtained CdS nanocrystals has been optimized either by changing the ratio of thiourea to Cd or by changing the annealing temperature. Over a broad annealing temperature range of 150−500 °C, either cubic, a mixture of cubic and hexagonal, or hexagonal CdS nanocrystals are obtained at thiourea/Cd molar ratios of <1.0, 1.5−2.5, and 3.0−4.5, respectively. Nanocrystalline cubic CdS is stable at temperatures as high as 500 °C for 0.5 h, and is converted to hexagonal CdS for annealing time longer than 1 h. The phase transition from cubic to hexagonal CdS occurs at temperatures of 200−300 °C, and pure hexagonal CdS is formed at annealing temperatures higher than...
Gut Feeling: Thomas Hirschhorn's Superficial Engagement

What is the relationship of an artwork to the sociopolitical context in which that work was created? James Westcott discusses how Thomas Hirschhorn in Superficial Engagement reproduces the violence of war propaganda. Magda Romanska analyzes the trial in Poland of Dorota Nieznalska, accused of “offending religious feelings” with her work Passion. Ilka Saal reports on the 15th International Istanbul Theater Festival where emerging artists break with both the state and aging Western notions of the avantgarde.
Lysophosphatidic acid enhances epithelial ovarian carcinoma invasion through the increased expression of interleukin-8.

Abstract Objective. We previously reported that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates cellular invasion of ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells by enhancing membrane-type-1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-mediated activation of MMP2. Here, we investigate a second mechanism in which LPA enhances cellular invasion through the increased expression of IL-8, independent of the expression or activation of MMP2. Methods. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells (DOV 13) were exposed to LPA (80 μM) and IL-8 (100 ng/ml) for 24 h. IL-8 expression was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular invasion (Matrigel invasion), migration (colloidal gold), and urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity (colorimetric assay) were quantified. Conditioned medium was also assayed for MMP activation and expression by SDS–PAGE gelatin zymography, ELISA, and Western blotting. In addition, IL-8 neutralizing antibody and MMP inhibitors were employed. Results. Our results found LPA to increase IL-8 expression threefold. IL-8 did not affect cellular migration, MMP2 activation, or uPA expression. However, exposure to various concentrations of IL-8 increased cellular invasiveness. Using an IL-8 blocking antibody and various MMP inhibitors, we determined that the increase in invasion was IL-8-dependent, while independent of the activation of MMP2 or MMP9. We further determined IL-8 exposure increased the expression of matrilysin (MMP7). Cells exposed to LPA and IL-8 resulted in a synergistic effect on cellular invasion. Adding the IL-8 blocking antibody, slightly decreased cellular invasion, indicating LPA in part, increases cellular invasion through the increased expression of IL-8. Conclusion. We have identified a separate mechanism of enhanced cellular invasion, which is independent of MMP2 activation and involves the increased expression of IL-8 and subsequent increased expression of MMP7.
Toward active-matrix lab-on-a-chip: programmable electrofluidic control enabled by arrayed oxide thin film transistors

Agile micro- and nano-fluidic control is critical to numerous life science and chemical science synthesis as well as kinetic and thermodynamic studies. To this end, we have demonstrated the use of thin film transistor arrays as an active matrix addressing method to control an electrofluidic array. Because the active matrix method minimizes the number of control lines necessary (m + n lines for the m × n element array), the active matrix addressing method integrated with an electrofluidic platform can be a significant breakthrough for complex electrofluidic arrays (increased size or resolution) with enhanced function, agility and programmability. An amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) semiconductor active layer is used because of its high mobility of 1–15 cm2 V−1 s−1, low-temperature processing and transparency for potential spectroscopy and imaging. Several electrofluidic functionalities are demonstrated using a simple 2 × 5 electrode array connected to a 2 × 5 IGZO thin film transistor array with the semiconductor channel width of 50 μm and mobility of 6.3 cm2 V−1 s−1. Additionally, using the TFT device characteristics, active matrix addressing schemes are discussed as the geometry of the electrode array can be tailored to act as a storage capacitor element. Finally, requisite material and device parameters are discussed in context with a VGA scale active matrix addressed electrofluidic platform.
Three-alpha final state interactions

Abstract We use a soluble model of the decay of a 2 + particle into three identical strongly interacting 0 + particles to investigate the reaction 11 B(p, α)2∝ at a proton energy of 2.65 MeV through the 18.37 MeV state of 12 C. The strong final state interactions are described by Faddeev equations with separable two-body interactions to represent the ground and first excited states of 8 Be. It is necessary to use a mixed 12 C initial configuration to reproduce the experimentally observed interference effects. A fit to the data requires the approximate inclusion of the Coulomb phase shifts. The decay is dominated by final state interactions with little evidence for direct three-body decay.
The role of ocean-atmosphere exchange in the global mercury cycle

Air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) is a critical part of the global Hg cycle as it determines the response time of the biosphere to changes in mercury inputs. The cycling of Hg between the ocean and atmosphere is complex, principally because of the enhanced oxidation of elemental Hg (Hg, and the formation of reactive gaseous Hg (RGHg), in the marine boundary layer. We estimate that the dry deposition of RGHg to the ocean, which has not been previously considered in global budgets, is 35% of the total Hg input to the ocean. A further re-evaluation of the global Hg cycle suggests that there is a net transfer of Hg from the terrestrial environment to the ocean and that the deep ocean Hg concentration is increasing. Similarly, anthropogenic inputs on land have increased Hg in the Earth's surface layer with accumulation in the terrestrial environment accounting for nearly 80% of the net input from man's activities. Ultimately, because of the relatively short residence time of RGHg in the atmosphere, it is the oxidation of Hg 0 over the ocean, rather than RGHg transport from terrestrial sources, that is primarily contributing to oceanic RGHg deposition.
Purification, solubility, and pKa of veratridine

Abstract The alkaloid neurotoxin veratridine is widely used by cell physiologists to increase membrane sodium permeability. The compound is only sporadically available from commercial sources, but can be purified (Kupchan et al., 1953, J. Amer. Chem. Soc.75, 5519–5524) from veratrine, a mixture of several alkaloids. We describe here a purification procedure only slightly modified from that of Kupchan et al., and include important details not mentioned in the original paper. Ultraviolet and infrared spectra are presented. We have also determined the pKa and solubility of veratridine in 150 m m NaCl at 25°C. The solubility is steeply pH dependent, ranging from 0.61 ± 0.02 m m above pH 12 to 18.5 m m at pH 8.07. The pKa, determined from the solubility versus pH curve, was found to be 9.54 ± 0.02.
Everglades Periphyton: A Biogeochemical Perspective

Periphyton is an important component of the Everglades biogeochemical cycle but remains poorly understood. From a biogeochemical perspective, periphyton is a dense aggregation of diverse microorganisms (autotrophic and heterotrophic) and particles (mineral and detrital) imbedded within an extracellular matrix. The authors synthesize Everglades periphyton biogeochemistry and diversity at the ecosystem and community scales. The primary regulator of biogeochemical processes (material flux, transformation, and storage) is photosynthesis, which controls oxidation-reduction potentials and heterotrophic metabolism. Eutrophication and hydrologic alterations have resulted in fundamental periphyton biogeochemical differences. Elucidation of these processes is required to predict and interpret responses to ecosystem restoration.
Autologous Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction in Health and Disease States in Man

. In this review are discussed the nature of T cell subsets, defined with monoclonal antibodies, responding in T-non-T and T-T autologous mixed-lymphocyte reactions (AMLR) and antigens stimulating in AMLR, soluble products of AMLR and generation of suppressor, helper and cytotoxic functions. On the basis of these data a model of immunoregulation in vivo can be proposed. We believe that AMLR is a real phenomenon and not an artefact and perhaps represents a mechanism by which various immune functions are regulated, including feedback regulation of AMLR. The significance of AMLR is further supported by studies in various human and animal diseases.
A forecasting model to evaluate the profitability of price promotions

Abstract Experience over the years has led grocery store managers to spend almost all of their promotion money on adds in newspapers. The adds are generally advertised price reductions for specific products. These adds are usually cooperative adds in which the manufacturer whose product is featured in the display ad pay part of the cost of the ad. The rest of the cost is paid by the grocer. The grocer has a problem in evaluating the profitability of the price promotion. Different classes of consumers respond differently to the price promotions. To measure the impact of the price promotion becomes very difficult. In this paper the authors examine the different ways consumers respond to price promotions, and how the different responses affect profits. Using this data the authors develop a model that can forecast the profitability of specific price promotions. This model is then tested for three products at a very large grocery store chain in Finland.
Giant magnetoresistance and the Lebed resonance in spin density waves

Abstract The giant magnetoresistance in spin density wave (SDW) in Bechgaard salts like (TMTSF) 2 X with X = PF 6 , NO 3 , etc and the Lebed resonance in field induced spin density wave (FISDW) of (TMTSF) 2 PF 6 under pressure are not described within conventional theories. We propose a theory which can describe these phenomena in terms of the magnetic field dependence of the quasi-particle energy gap in SDW.
Estimating Dosing Rates and Energy Consumption for Electrocoagulation Using Iron and Aluminum Electrodes

The effect of current density on dosing rates and energy requirements for iron and aluminum electrodes in a bench-scale electrocoagulation (EC) reactor have been investigated. Dissolution rates of the iron and aluminum anodes were independent of bulk solution pH values. Iron dosing rates followed Faraday’s law, but aluminum dosing rates averaged 83% greater than those predicted by Faraday’s law. Chemical corrosion of both the anode and cathode contributed to the extra-faradaic aluminum dosing. A method was developed to determine the faradaic power consumption as a function of the current density. An equation describing power dissipation by ohmic and faradaic mechanisms was derived and used to estimate energy consumption per unit coagulant dose for EC reactors operating over a wide range of conditions. The derived equation can be used to compare the operational costs for EC with those using chemical additives, such as alum or ferric chloride.
Isolation and molecular recognization of 6-prenyl apigenin towards MAO-A as the active principle of seeds of Achyranthes aspera

Abstract Purpose The present study was undertaken to isolate the bioactive flavonoid compound from the seeds of Achyranthes aspera and establish its molecular interaction towards monoamine oxidase-A enzyme. Materials and methods The structure of the isolated flavonoid was ascertained by UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, DEPT 90, DEPT 135 and ESI-MS. Molecular level interaction was studied through molecular docking simulation carried out with AutoDock 4.2 in the catalytic portion of MAO-A. Results 5, 7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-4 H -chromen-4-one was isolated by chromatographic techniques. The docking study revealed that the structure of the isolated flavonoid showed to be a potent monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor with a docking score of −8.06 and calculated inhibition constant of about 1.23 μM. Conclusion On the basis of molecular docking study, we propose that isolated flavonoid can successfully dock into the inhibitor-binding pocket of human monoamine oxidase-A isoform with appreciable predicted affinity. The results therefore suggest that 6-prenyl apigenin can be a promising lead for developing novel monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors.
Attempted isolation and characterization of diazirinone (N2CO).

Stimulated and intrigued by the report of the synthesis of diazirinone (1), a metastable adduct of N2 and CO, we carried out further experimental and theoretical studies aimed at the detailed spectroscopic characterization of this species. Our attempts to generate and detect diazirinone (1) in either the condensed phase (using matrix isolation spectroscopy) or in the gas phase (using millimeter-wave rotational spectroscopy), however, have been unsuccessful. Trapping the volatile products produced from the reaction of 3-chloro-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)diazirine (5) with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) under matrix-isolation conditions affords chlorofluorodiazirine (8) and carbon monoxide but fails to provide evidence for diazirinone (1). Moreover, sophisticated ab initio calculations of the structure and fundamental vibrational frequencies of diazirinone (1) produce an estimate for the fundamental band origin of the C═O stretch (2046 cm−1) that is ca. 100 cm−1 lower in frequency than the experimental value pre...
Effects of superstructure flexibility on strength of reinforced concrete bridge decks

This research studies the impact of the relative rigidity between the concrete bridge deck and the remaining structural components of the bridge superstructure on the behavior of the concrete deck. The study uses non-linear 3-D FEM models, which are developed using ANSYS 5.7 software package. Experimental data from one-span non-composite bridge superstructure are used to validate and calibrate the proposed FEM models. A series of parametric studies is conducted with respect to three parameters: (a) composite action, (b) slenderness ratio, and (c) presence of diaphragms. The analysis results are discussed in detail and conclusions on the behavior of the bridge deck are presented.
Differential mental health impact of cancer across racial/ethnic groups: findings from a population-based study in California

Little research has examined the interactive effect of cancer status and race/ethnicity on mental health. As such, the present study examined the mental health of adults, 18 and over, diagnosed with cancer. This study examined the extent to which a cancer diagnosis is related to poorer mental health because it erodes finances and the extent to which the mental health impact of cancer differs across racial/ethnic groups. Furthermore, this study aimed to test the stress process model, which posits that the proliferation of stress can lead to mental illness and this process can differ across racial/ethnic groups. Data from the 2005 Adult California Health Interview Survey was used (N = 42,879). The Kessler 6, a validated measure of psychological distress, was used to measure mental health, with higher scores suggesting poorer mental health. Scores on the Kessler 6 ranged from 0 to 24. Linear regression models estimating psychological distress tested each aim. The mediating effect of income and the race by cancer interaction were tested. After controlling for gender, age, insurance status, education and race/ethnicity, cancer was associated with higher Kessler 6 scores. About 6% of this effect was mediated by household income (t = 4.547; SE = 0.011; p < 0.001). The mental health impact of cancer was significantly worse for Latinos and Blacks than for non-Hispanic Whites. The mental health impact of cancer is not uniform across groups. Future work should explore reasons for these disparities. Efforts to increase access to mental health services among minorities with cancer are needed.
Do-It-Yourself for Course Reserves: A Student-Driven Service in an Academic Library

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an Article published in the Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, volume 20, issue 5, 2010, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/1072303X.2010.520264
Opening doors for bilingual students: Recommendations for building linguistically responsive schools:

In this article, we outline the necessary action steps for schools to improve the achievement of bilingual students. We review, summarize, and utilize the pertinent scholarly literature to make suggestions for school-wide, collaborative efforts to support the achievement of bilingual learners through linguistically responsive pedagogy and practice. Our research-based recommendations include the need for school actors to negotiate language policy and mandates, lay the necessary ideological foundations, build effective school structures and systems, and foster meaningful collaboration with families and communities. When teachers, administrators, counselors, families, and community members work together, schools can improve to promote the social, cultural, linguistic, and academic achievement of bilingual students.
Rapid ambient mass spectrometric profiling of intact, untreated bacteria using desorption electrospray ionization

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) allows the rapid acquisition of highly reproducible mass spectra from intact microorganisms under ambient conditions; application of principal component analysis to the data allows sub-species differentiation.
RACE, FRIENDSHIP NETWORKS, AND VIOLENT DELINQUENCY

Although a growing body of literature emphasizes the role of friendship networks and peer relations for youth involvement in violence and delinquency, little research has examined the role of friendship networks in understanding the varying involvement of different racial-ethnic groups in violence. Using data from approximately 13,000 respondents to the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we explore the ability of friendship networks to account for the differential rates of violence among racial-ethnic groups. In addition, we evaluate whether race moderates the degree to which friendship characteristics predict adolescent violence. Findings indicate significant differences in the structure and behavioral orientation of friendship networks across racial-ethnic identities. Moreover, incorporating characteristics of friendship networks into multivariate analyses accounts for greater involvement in violence among black and Hispanic youths. Network racial heterogeneity and friends' popularity also emerge as particular network characteristics that operate differently for black and white youth.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Atypical presentation associated with rapidly changing cardiac arrhythmias

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) typically presents with sudden onset of severe headache and is often associated with cardiac arrhythmias. The case of a patient with SAH in whom typical presenting signs and symptoms were absent is presented. This case was characterized by rapidly changing arrhythmias observed in the prehospital setting. The diversity and rapid evolution of arrhythmias can be attributed to the autonomic and electrolyte imbalances that often accompany SAH.
Role of oxidants and proteases in glomerular injury

During the last 10 years, there have been many major advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of glomerular injury. Of particular significance has been the recognition of the importance of proteolytic enzymes and oxidants in mediating glomerular capillary wall and mesangial damage. The infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophil, PMN) and monocyte have been long recognized as important sources of proteinases and reactive oxygen species [reviewed in 1–3]. However, it is now known that endogenous glomerular cells may also release proteinases and oxidants that may also influence the local inflammatory response [reviewed in 4–8]. In this brief review, we will highlight some of the studies from our laboratory that have dealt with these important mediators. For a more comprehensive discussion of the role of proteinases and reactive oxygen species in glomerulonephritis (GN), the reader is referred to several excellent reviews [4–8].
QMOD: A system for automatically generating and solving analytical queueing network models

An analytical queueing model generator (QMOD) is a package for generating and analyzing queueing networks. A description of a queueing network, written in a language meaningful to the user, is compiled into a set of matrices that characterize an analytical model of the network. Network flow rates are computed and used to derive arrival rates at each operation and tool. Tool arrival rates, service rates, and quantities are used in an analytic queueing model of the M/M/K form. Analytical models typically require orders of magnitude less computation time than do simulation models. They, therefore, lend themselves to parametric studies and optimization in ways that would be impractical with simulation models.
WE-E-214-01: Targeted Radionuclide Therapy

Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is becoming an increasingly important tool for therapy of some cancers including non‐Hodgkins lymphoma, thyroid cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. The dosedelivered to neoplasms and normal tissues, and thus the therapeutic response and incidence of toxicities, depends on the anatomy and physiology of the patient. Therefore, optimal treatment planning requires estimating the dose distribution for each patient. The dose distribution is estimated in two steps: measurement of the activity distribution of a planning dose at a series of time points using nuclear medicine imaging methods and calculating the dose to organs or voxels in the patient. State of the art dose estimation requires, as an input, estimates of the 3D activity distribution of the planning dose in the patient at each time point. The 3D activity distribution of a radionuclide can be estimatedusing the tomographic nuclear medicine imaging modalities SPECT and PET. Since uptake times of TRT agents are typically on the order of several days, radionuclides such as In‐111 or I‐131 (for SPECT) or I‐124 or Y‐86 (for PET) having longer half‐lives are used for treatment planning. The SPECT radionuclides emit medium or high‐energy photons, which can make quantification of the SPECTimages more difficult and requires compensating for the collimator‐detector response. The PET radionuclides have prompt gamma emissions that can result in false coincidences, once again complicating quantification. For both modalitiesattenuation and scatter compensation are essential. Compensation for partial volume effects is important for dose‐estimation in small objects such as tumors. This lecture will review the challenges and recent advances in methods for quantifying 3D activity distributions from SPECT and PETimaging using radionuclides relevant for TRT. It will describe the impact of these advances in terms of metrics relevant to dose estimation and describe the levels of accuracy and precision that are obtainable with state‐of‐the‐art methods. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the applications and requirements of quantitative SPECT and PET for targeted radionuclide therapy. 2. Understand the factors that limit the quantitative reliability of SPECTimages and how to compensate for them. 3. Understand the factors that limit the quantitative reliability of PET.
Deoxygenation and Other Photochemical Reactions of Aromatic Selenoxides1

Atomic oxygen O(3P) is a potent oxidant that has been well-studied in the gas phase. However, exploration of its reactivity in the condensed organic phase has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate source. Dibenzothiophene-S-oxide (DBTO) and related derivatives have been promoted as photochemical O(3P) sources but suffer from low quantum yields. Photolysis of dibenzoselenophene-Se-oxide (DBSeO) results in the formation of dibenzoselenophene and oxidized solvent in significantly higher quantum yields, ca. 0.1. The oxidation product ratios from toluene obtained from the photolysis of dibenzothiophene-S-oxide and the corresponding selenoxide are the same, strongly suggesting a common oxidizing intermediate, which is taken to be O(3P). An additional product, proposed to be the corresponding selenenic ester, is also observed under deoxygenated conditions. The photochemistry of diphenyl selenoxide includes a minor portion of oxidant-forming deoxygenation, in contrast to previous conclusions (Yamazaki, Y.; ...
Hysteresis losses in power-law cryoconductors

Abstract Hysteresis losses have been studied by dimensional analysis for superconductors that have a broad resistive transition in which the resistivity increases as a power n of the current density. Also included in the analysis is a possible dependence of the critical current density on magnetic field. The analysis shows that the exponents of the power-law dependences of the hysteresis loss on current (current-driven losses), magnetic field (field-driven losses), and AC frequency are rather insensitive to the n -value. Thus as far as these exponents go, the critical-state model ( n = ∞) appears to be accurate.
LIGA20 ganglioside prevents excitotoxicity through activation of TrkB receptor

Gangliosides protect cerebellar granule cells from excitotoxicity; however, their mechanism of action remains to be fully characterized. GM1 ganglioside has been shown to activate Trk, the tyrosine kinase receptor implicated in the neuroprotective properties of the neurotrophins. In these studies, we used primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells to determine whether gangliosides exert neuroprotective effect via the activation of Trk receptors. We first examined the relative potency of the neurotrophins, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 and nerve growth factor to prevent glutamate-mediated apoptosis. BDNF was the only neurotrophin that elicited a complete neuronal protection against glutamate. GM1 and its semisynthetic compound LIGA20 also prevented glutamate toxicity, however, LIGA20 was more potent than GM1. Both LIGA20 and BDNF blocked glutamate-mediated activation of caspase-3 and consequently apoptosis; however, the anticaspase-3 activity was seen only when these compounds were added to the cultures several hours before glutamate, suggesting that LIGA20 and BDNF share an identical molecular mechanism. To test this hypothesis, we compared the ability of LIGA20 and BDNF to activate TrkB. Both compounds elicited a similar time-dependent increase in Trk tyrosine phosphorylation. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of BDNF and LIGA20 was abolished in neurons exposed to the Trk tyrosine kinase inhibitor k252a, demonstrating a relationship between neuroprotection and activation of Trk receptors. Our data suggest that by activating the Trk neurotrophin receptors, gangliosides may be used as neuroprotective agents.
Co-support compound formation in Co/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of reduction gas containing CO

Abstract The effect of the addition of CO during H2 reduction on Co-support compound formation in a Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was investigated. It is known that such compound formation can occur during catalyst reduction, is facilitated by the presence of water vapor, and results in a less active catalyst. In this study, a H2 flow containing CO (1–9 vol.%) was used for standard reduction. Water vapor was also added (3 vol.%) in one series of experiments in order to examine the impact of CO when relatively high partial pressures of water vapor are also present. After reduction at various conditions, the pretreated catalyst samples were characterized and CO hydrogenation (H2/CO=10/1, 220 °C, 1.8 atm) also performed. Both initial and steady-state rates during CO hydrogenation went through a maximum for the addition of 3–5 vol.% CO during standard reduction. The maximum rate was about four times that in the case where no CO was added. A similar trend was found even where reduction occurred with a high partial pressure of water vapor. It is concluded that the addition of CO during reduction has a significant effect on activity of the catalyst due to increases in both Co reducibility and dispersion.
Autonomic and brain electrical activity in securely- and insecurely-attached infants of depressed mothers

Abstract The present study examined the combined influences of maternal depression and attachment security on infants’ brain activity and autonomic activity. Brain electrical activity, heart rate, and vagal tone were recorded from 159 13–15 month old infants of depressed, subthreshold depressed, and nondepressed mothers during a baseline and two social interaction conditions. Attachment behavior was observed during the traditional Strange Situation. It was found that infants of depressed mothers exhibited reduced left relative to right frontal brain activity during all conditions. Moreover, regardless of mother’s depression status, insecurely attached infants exhibited relative reduced left frontal brain activity. Infants of depressed mothers were also found to exhibit higher heart rates across all conditions. These results indicate that both maternal depression and attachment security are associated with alterations in infants’ psychophysiological responses.
Quantitative Chemical Analysis by ESCA

Abstract Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) can be used as a quantitative tool for the determination of the chemical composition of the surface region of a solid if certain parameters are known. The least well known is the electron mean free path. We present values of the electron mean free path for inelastic scattering as a function of energy for all elemental solids (with the exception of the rare earths and the actinides) and we give formulae for the calculation of the mean free paths for compounds. It is shown that this information makes it possible to deduce from ESCA measurements the relative concentration of atoms or molecules distributed homogeneously in the surface region of a material.
Synthesis and optical activity analysis of chiral titanium(IV) sec-butoxide and its group IV analogues

Abstract The complete series of chiral group IV sec -butoxides has been obtained by the treatment of M(NMe 2 ) 4 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) with resolved ( R )-(−)- or ( S )-(+)-2-butanol. These complexes were analyzed by polarimetry, revealing a decreasing trend in molar rotation down the group, from titanium to hafnium. Catalysis screenings showed that the resolved titanium sec -butoxides, in conjunction with the resolved BINOL (BINOL = 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol) of the opposite configuration designation, catalyzed the addition of dimethyl zinc to benzaldehyde with higher enanteoselectivity than that observed for resolved BINOL with titanium(IV) isopropoxide or with the titanium(IV) sec -butoxide of the same configuration designation.
Gendered space and Middle East studies

Aspects of space and place shape daily life, social structures, politics, and intimate relations among people. In the late 1980s and 1990s, anthropologists, geographers, and sociologists�influenced by the writings of Michel Foucault and Henri Lefebvre on the meaning of social space�started to highlight the spatial in their analysis of social phenomena. These scholars focused on the production of urban space and asserted that space is dynamic and often shaped by the needs of its users as well as by those who design it. With the exception of Setha Low's work on Latin America, these writings were mostly centered on the United States.
The Atlantis Project: A GPS-Guided Wing-Sailed Autonomous Catamaran

: An autonomous catamaran, based on a modified Prindle-19 day-sailing Catamaran, was built to test the viability of GPS-based system identification for precision control. The catamaran was fitted with several sensors and actuators to characterize the dynamics. Using an electric trolling motor, and lead ballast to match all-up weight, several system identification passes were performed to excite system modes and model the dynamic response. LQG controllers were designed based on the results of the system identification passes, and tested with the electric trolling motor. Line following performance was excellent, with cross track error standard deviations of less than 0.15 meters. The wing-sail propulsion system was fitted, and the controllers tested with the wing providing all forward thrust. Line following performance and disturbance rejection were excellent, with the cross track error standard deviations of approximately 0.30 meters, in spite of wind speed variations of over 50% of nominal value.