cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Point mutations in the Rpb9-homologous domain of Rpc11 that impair transcription termination by RNA polymerase III

RNA polymerase III recognizes and pauses at its terminator, an oligo(dT) tract in non-template DNA, terminates 3′ oligo(rU) synthesis within this sequence, and releases the RNA. The pol III subunit Rpc11p (C11) mediates RNA 3′–5′ cleavage in the catalytic center of pol III during pausing. The amino and carboxyl regions of C11 are homologous to domains of the pol II subunit Rpb9p, and the pol II elongation and RNA cleavage factor, TFIIS, respectively. We isolated C11 mutants from Schizosaccharomyces pombe that cause pol III to readthrough terminators in vivo. Mutant RNA confirmed the presence of terminator readthrough transcripts. A predominant mutation site, F32, resides in the C11 Rpb9-like domain. Another mutagenic approach confirmed the F32 mutation and also isolated I34 and Y30 mutants. Modeling Y30, F32 and I34 of C11 in available cryoEM pol III structures predicts a hydrophobic patch that may interface with C53/37. Another termination mutant, Rpc2-T455I, appears to reside internally, near the RNA–DNA hybrid. We show that the Rpb9 and TFIIS homologous mutants of C11 reflect distinct activities, that differentially affect terminator recognition and RNA 3′ cleavage. We propose that these C11 domains integrate action at the upper jaw and center of pol III during termination.
Foreign-owned Firms' Campaign Contributions in the United States: An Exploratory Study

This study extends previous empirical work on corporate political activity by examining which foreign-owned firms provide campaign contributions to United States legislators. While numerous studies have examined which domestic firms make campaign contributions, little is known about the propensity of foreign-owned firms to make contributions. Using logit and Tobit analyses, the findings suggest that firm size, legislative issues, foreign ownership, and cultural characteristics are important determinants of a foreign-owned firm's political strategy. The findings also suggest that there are strong parallels between the political strategies of foreign-owned firms and domestic firms.
Discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor therapy and the role of esophageal testing.

Dr Pandolfino is a speaker for AstraZeneca and Given Imaging and a consultant for Given Imaging.
In 'Vieth', Court Continues to Misunderstand Gerrymandering

Reported the surprising fact that the concept of symmetry had not yet been argued before the U.S. Supreme Court and that a mathematical formula had been developed to indicate the degree of gerrymandering which has been accepted as the standard by the political science profession.
Microsurgical fertilization and teratozoospermia

Semen parameters were correlated with the outcome of partial zona dissection (PZD) in 42 couples with male factor infertility. Although fertilization rates were reduced, 12% of the embryos implanted following replacement. Spermatozoa from teratozoospermic sperm populations were able to fuse with oocytes following zona penetration through the artificial gaps. PZD followed by insemination with less than 5% normal spermatozoa led to 20 embryos which, upon replacement, did not implant. Motility and sperm count were not clearly correlated with the outcome of PZD and are therefore less useful indicators for patient selection. Teratozoospermic patients who previously failed to fertilize were compared to a group of similar patients who had not attempted IVF before. Although fertilization was significantly improved in first-time patients, 41% of the patients whose spermatozoa were initially unable to fertilize had at least one embryo when PZD was performed. Several pregnancies were established in this group. Subzonal sperm insertion (SZI) and PZD were compared in 19 patients using sibling oocytes. A significant fraction of spermatozoa from infertile men were able to fuse with the oolemma when directly inserted into the perivitelline area. Using a sucrose solution to shrink the ooplasm, only 1% of the oocytes were damaged during SZI. Monospermic fertilization rates following PZD and SZI were 15 and 16%, respectively. Both micromanipulation methods were successful in most patients. However, in two small groups of patients, only one technique resulted in fertilization.
Covering Grids by Trees.

Given n points in the plane, a covering tree is a tree whose edges are line segments that jointly cover all the points. Let G d be a n n grid in Z d . It is known that G 3 can be covered by an axis-aligned polygonal path with 3 n 2 + O(n) edges, thus in particular by a polygonal tree with that many edges. Here we show that every covering tree for the n 3 points of G 3 has at least (1 +c3)n 2 edges, for some constant c3 > 0. On the other hand, there exists a covering tree for the n 3 points of G 3 consisting of only n 2 +n + 1 line segments, where each segment is either a single edge or a sequence of collinear edges. Extensions of these problems to higher dimensional grids (i.e., G d for d 3) are also examined.
Venezuela's Chavismo and Populism in Comparative Perspective: The Causes of Populism in Comparative Perspective

Let us teach government to those who robbed our country. Evo Morales, campaign speech in 2005 Enough with these spoilers of the fatherland! A fight to the death against corruption! Rafael Correa, campaign speech in 2006 In this chapter I move beyond the case of Chavismo in Venezuela to consider the causes of populism in the aggregate, across multiple countries and regions. This comparative perspective reveals causal mechanisms that a single-country case study or an individual-level analysis within that country cannot. While individual-level analysis may be needed to avoid the ecological fallacy (inferring individual-level attributes from aggregate outcomes; see Robinson 1950), and while case studies allow us to explore causal mechanisms and temporal sequencing (Brady and Collier 2004; D. Hawkins 2009), aggregate, multicountry analyses help us discern omitted variables and say something more generalizable (King, Keohane, and Verba 1994, 30). An aggregate-level analysis is especially appropriate when making causal claims that connect institutions or systemic phenomena, such as the rule of law, economic performance, and populist movements, all of which are more than the sum of individual attitudes and behaviors. The analysis in this chapter is necessarily limited; given our dataset on populist discourse, we can only examine a narrow snapshot of recent history for a modest number of countries. This creates a challenge for us as we try to measure a relatively volatile phenomenon like populist movements. Yet, the panel data here give us some empirical leverage by allowing us to better identify necessary and facilitating conditions, which should be present in whatever cases of populism are found in the dataset.
NUCLEAR BEHAVIOR IN HYPOCREALES: CALONECTRIA CROTALARIAE

SUMMARY The nuclear behavior of Caloncetria crotalariae associated with sporulation was studied. Asci are produced from typical croziers, and directly by conversion of the binucleate basal cell into an ascus. A single holoblastic conidium is produced from the tip of the conidiogenous cell. The genus Calonectria contains several species pathogenic to forest trees, field crops and ornamental plants. Calonectria crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers [Cylindrocladium crotalariae (Loos) Bell & Sobers, conid. stat.] was selected for this study for two reasons. It is a serious pathogen on peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), sweetgum seedlings (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), and potentially so on soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)] in Louisiana. This organism is, therefore, agriculturally significant. Biologically, the holomorph can be produced in culture, making this a logical organism on which to initiate cytological studies of the Hypocreales. This paper reports nuclear behavior associated with sporulation in this organism.
The BINSYN Program Suite

The BINSYN program suite has been ported to a Linux-based operating system. The new program structure is a major revision from the original version and a public version is nearing completion. This paper describes research areas where the program suite is particularly applicabile.
Corporatist Theory and Ideology: A Latin American Development Paradigm

Corporatism, until recently, had been widely dismissed as both anachronistic and irrelevant. Corporatism was viewed as a product of the period between the two world wars of this century whose time had passed. Discredited by the outcome of World War II, by the Nuremberg trials, and by its supposed affinities with fascism, corporatism as an ideology and form of socio political organization seemed, for a time, to have been erased and forgotten as one of the major alternative "isms" of the twentieth century. Based largely on the Italian and German experiences, corporatism was seen either as a post hoc rationali zation that had little to do with the real locus of power or as a "confidence trick." Because the manifestly corporatist experi ments in Iberia and Latin America were never fully implemented
REGRESSION RATE AND HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATIONS FOR HTPB/GOX COMBUSTION IN A HYBRID ROCKET MOTOR

A data analysis program was developed to correlate the experimental solid-fuel regression-rate and thermal-pyrolysis data obtained in a lab-scale hybrid motor, a thermal-pyroly sis test apparatus, and a GC/MS system. The code employs an interfacial energy flux balance, various methods to determine the component heat fluxes due to radiation and convection, transient mass and energy conservation equations for the local gas properties, and chemical equilibrium computations for the flame properties. Separate dimensionless correlations were developed to accurately predict the regression rates in the upstream developing-flow region of the motor and the downstream developed-flow region. Radiation, variable fluid properties across the boundary layer, and axial variations in the gas temperature and velocity gradients had significant effects on the regression rate behavior in both regions. The radiant heat flux from soot contributed significantly to the overall surface heat flux under relatively low mass flux and low O/F ratio conditions. Correlations were also developed for the deduced Stanton and Nusselt numbers. The regression rate correlations predicted independent data from a tube burner to within ±5% error.
Commingled Real Estate Fund Trading: The Emergence of a Formalized Secondary Trading Market

Executive Summary. Since the early 1970s, private commingled real estate funds (CREFs)1have served as a popular investment vehicle through which institutional investors have allocated capital to the real estate market. Because the institutional investment arena is dominated by pension funds that are either subject to ERISA mandates or merely choose to follow ERISA “prudence,”2CREF securities have attracted institutional capital because of their ability to maintain diversity, value and stable returns throughout the years. Although still prevalent as a viable asset class, CREFs however have not survived peacefully without demand for alternative market structures and various criticisms initiated by market participants.This article summarizes and identifies three of the most commonly reoccurring issues, suggested by many industry professionals, to be potential structural flaws with both the CREF market and the CREF vehicle itself. The article further explores an industry reaction to alternative market structu...
Curative Effect of Triptorelin on Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty

Objective To observe the curative effect of triptorelin on idiopathic central precocious puberty.Methods Two hundred children with idiopathic central precocious puberty were treated with triptorelin once every 4 weeks for(21.10±7.43) months(range 12 to 36 months).After initial treatment with triptorelin(100 μg·kg-1) for 3 months,the children were injected with a decreased dose of triptorelin(60-80 μg·kg-1).The bone age(BA),growth rate(GV),predicted adult height(PAH) were observed before and 6,12,24,36 months after treatment.Results After treatment,the increase in BA was less than that in age.In children aged(9.31±1.13),(9.89±1.06),(10.41±1.13) and(11.02±1.21)years,BA before treatment [(10.63±1.05) years old] was significantly lower than that 6,12,24 and 36 months after treatment [(11.01±0.98),(11.42±1.01),(11.75±1.12) and(11.98±1.07) years old,respectively;all P0.01].△BA/△CA ratio before treatment(1.73±0.25) was significantly higher than that 6,12,24 and 36 months after treatment(0.86±0.39,0.61±0.28,0.48±0.32 and 0.22±0.26,respectively;all P0.01).GV before treatment(8.50±1.43)cm·a-1was obviously higher than that 6,12,24 and 36 months after treatment [(6.70±1.26),(6.40±1.25),(5.30±1.38) and(4.50±1.32) cm·a-1,respectively;all P0.01].PAH before treatment [(151.26±4.63)cm] was obviously lower than that 6,12,24 and 36 months after treatment [(152.29±3.91),(153.13±4.33),(154.58±5.09) and(156.31±5.34)cm,respectively;all P0.01)].ConclusionTriptorelin can effectively inhibit the development of sexual characteristics and the increase in bone age and improve adult height in children with idiopathic central precocious puberty.
Compartment syndrome in the upper extremity.

SUMMARY It has been the purpose of this article to assist us in our approach to compartment problems, for, although a full-blown compartment syndrome following forearm injury is statistically uncommon, the results of this ischemic process can be devastating. A compartment pressure of greater than 30 mmHg for eight hours or more can cause cell death by interference with the microcirculation. Clinical diagnosis is made on the basis of a number of modalities, especially pain and paresthesias. Peripheral pulses or capillary flow are not specific indicators of compartment well-being. Direct compartment pressure measurements can be an invaluable tool but must be used in conjunction with the trend of the clinical findings. Limb elevation is not assistive in reducing compartment pressure, although removal of circumferential dressings and maintenance of mean arterial pressure can be. Prompt surgical decompression of the compromised compartment is the treatment of choice.
Forces on the Tail Surface of Swimming Fish: Thrust, Drag and Acceleration in Bluefish ( Pomatomus Saltatrix )

1. Pressures on the right and left sides of the tails of swimming bluefish were measured and found to have a range of +5.9 to - 5.9 cm H 2 O. The pressures were resolved into their forward and lateral vectorial components of force to allow calculation of forward and lateral force and power at speeds ranging from 0.26 to 0.87 m/s. 2. The peak to peak changes in force of acceleration of the body, measured with a forward accelerometer averaged 209 g or 2.05 N at 0.48 m/s, and were compared with the maximum to minimum excursions of forward tail force averaging 201 g or 1.97 N at the same speed. The mean difference was 8 g, s.d. of the mean difference ± 29, s.e. of mean difference ± 10 g. 3. Mean tail thrust was calculated as the time average of tail force in the forward direction. It averaged 65 g, or 0.64 N, at 0.48 m/s. The mean forward power was 0.34 N m/s at 0.48 m/s. The drag of the gauges and wires accounted for 10% of this figure. 4. The mean lateral power of the tail was 1.28 N m/s at a mean speed of 0.48 m/s. 5. The propulsive efficiency of the tail, calculated as the ratio of forward power to forward plus lateral power, was found to be 0.20 s.d. ±0.04, s.e. ±0.01 and was not related to speed. This suggests that 80% of the mechanical power of the tail was wasted. Turbulence in the water may have contributed to this large drag and low tail efficiency.
Thermoelastic Instabilities in Automotive Disc Brakes — Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Verification

The thermomechanical feedback process due to frictional heating in sliding systems can cause thermoelastic instability (TEI), leading eventually to localization of load and high temperatures at the sliding interface. TEI in caliper/disc brake systems is an intermittent contact problem, since material points on the disc experience periods of contact with the pad alternating with periods of non-contact. The stability problem is here solved numerically by setting up a frame of reference stationary with respect to the pad and seeking a solution for the heat conduction and thermoelastic equations that varies exponentially in time. The upwind scheme is introduced in the finite element formulation to avoid possible numerical difficulties associated with the large convective terms.
Alternative Mutagens for maize ( Zea mays L.)

Mutagenesis has been an important part of both basic and applied genetic research. In maize and many other plant species, EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) has been the chemical of choice for generating mutagenized populations. However, in many species such as maize and Arabidopsis, the mutation spectrum of EMS is limited, with essentially all sequenced EMS-induced mutations being G:C to A:T transitions. In order to broaden the induced mutation spectrum in maize, a number of alternative mutagens were tested on seeds, including ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea), sodium azide and gamma ray irradiation. An assay based on leaf sectors indicating a change in the phenotype at the oil yellow1 ( oy1 ) locus was utilized to determine mutagenicity and to produce sequences for analysis. All three mutagens produced a broader mutation spectrum relative to EMS. Collectively, all six of the possible single nucleotide changes were observed, although individually none of the mutagens tested at the depth we were able to complete produced all six. In maize, producing an optimal mutagenized population may involve utilizing a combination of mutagens. Even in the era of genome editing technologies, random mutagenesis, and improvements of it, will remain a useful tool going forward.
Self-Corrective Autonomous Systems using Optimization Processes for Detection and Correction of Unexpected Error Conditions

A theoretical framework for autonomous self-detection and self-correction of unexpected error conditions is derived by incorporating the principles of operation in autonomous control in biological evolution. Using the biologically inspired principles, the time-dependent multi-dimensional disparity vector is used as a quantitative metric for detecting unexpected and unforeseeable error conditions without any external assistance. The disparity vector is a measure of the discrepancy between the expected outcome predicted by the autonomous system and the actual outcome in the real world. It is used as a measure to detect any unexpected or unforeseeable errors. The process for autonomous self-correction of the self-discovered errors is an optimization process to minimize the errors represented by the disparity vectors. The strategies for prioritizing the urgency of corrective actions are also provided in the theoretical derivations. The criteria for any change in direction of the corrective actions are also provided quantitatively. The criteria for the detection of the minimization and maximization of errors are also provided in the autonomous optimization process. The biological correspondences of the emotional responses in relation to the autonomic self-corrective feedback systems are also provided. Full Text: PDF DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v5i4.4167
Log2model: inferring behavioral models from log data

We present LOG2MODEL, an approach, supported by a tool, that builds behavioral models from log data. The logged data consists of time series encoding the values of the states of a system observed at discrete time steps. The models generated are Discrete-Time Markov Chains with states and transitions representing the values recorded in the log. The models contain key information that can be visualized and analyzed with respect to safety, delays, throughput etc, using off-the-shelf model checkers such as PRISM. The analysis results can be further used by users or automated tools to monitor and alter the system behavior. We present the architecture of LOG2MODEL and its application in the context of autonomous operations in the airspace domain.
Microvascular Decompression Versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Decision Analysis

Introduction: Both microvascular decompression (MVD) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been demonstrated to be effective in treating medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia. However, there is controversy over which one offers more durable pain relief and the patient selection for each treatment. We used a decision analysis model to calculate the health-related quality of life (QOL) for each treatment. Methods: We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for relevant articles on MVD or SRS for trigeminal neuralgia published between 2000 and 2015. Using data from these studies, we modeled pain relief and complication outcomes and assigned QOL values. A sensitivity analysis using a Monte Carlo simulation determined which procedure led to the greatest QOL. Results: MVD produced a significantly higher QOL than SRS at a seven-year follow-up. Additionally, MVD patients had a significantly higher rate of complete pain relief and a significantly lower rate of complications and recurrence. Conclusions: With a decision-analytic model, we calculated that MVD provides more favorable outcomes than SRS for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
The Effect of Breast Pump Use on Exclusive Breastfeeding at 2 Months Postpartum in an Inner-City Population.

Abstract Background: Breastfeeding is the optimal form of infant nutrition, yet national rates are below recommendations with persistent disparities. Breast pumps may address the reasons that mothers discontinue breastfeeding. Objectives: To determine whether breast pump use increases exclusive breastfeeding at 1.5–3.5 months postpartum. Materials and Methods: We reviewed charts for maternal-infant descriptors and feeding type for infants born between November 2013 and June 2014 who received any breast milk at a visit <14 days of age in our inner-city pediatric practice. We compared feeding at 1.5–3.5 months between those with breast pump and those without breast pump. Results: Of the 905 infants with feeding type recorded, 487 (54%) received any breast milk, of whom 355 (72.9%) had a visit at 1.5–3.5 months [95.4% African American (AA)]. Rates of any breastfeeding (93.8% vs. 38.9%) and exclusive breastfeeding (50.0% vs. 17.8%) were significantly higher in non-AAs than in AAs. Due to small numbers of non-...
Linking Immunization Status and Eligibility for Welfare and Benefits Payments: The Australian "No Jab, No Pay" Legislation.

The recent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases have refocused attention on the threat posed by unvaccinated and undervaccinated individuals.1 Governments around the world have responded by strengthening laws and policies directed at increasing vaccination rates. The standard menu of options includes education and information initiatives, incentives, and mandates; these may be directed at the general public, health care organizations, or practitioners.
Product Review: Customer Carte Blanche

Impact of product reviews as a source of information on consumers' decision has long been question of marketers. The response of firms to this phenomenon in the search ecosystem has appeared in different form varying from counterfeiting to engaging, based on the role of corporate in the ecosystem. Although myriad research has been convened in this area of research, yet still not much is known about the role of product reviews in consumer decision process other than contribution of star rating in sales. This ostensible feature of research on product reviews effect can be attributed to the perplexity of text mining. In this paper we will discuss content of product review, by assessing correlation of product review with different knowledge categories, and the impact of knowledge categories as liaison on consumer purchase decision, leading to sales. In the context of our study, which embraces Firefox download plug in, the products are free in terms of payment, yet consumers will face cost of time, and effort preempted in the form of switching cost, and cost of learning. We discerned significant effect of reviews cognate to experience, terminology, and complementary products. In addition, we conceived nebulous narrow posts served as a liaison affecting sales. Our research had manifold implication for managers, including elucidating the confounding role of product reviews on sales, creating a framework for them to foster targeted actions to abet smooth product adoption.
Reduced complexity rule induction

We present an architecture for rule induction that emphasizes compact, reduced-complexity rules. A new heuristic technique for finding a covering rule set of sample data is described. This technique refines a set of production rules by iteratively replacing a component of a rule with its single best replacement. A method for rule induction has been developed that combines this covering and refinement scheme with other techniques known to help reduce the complexity of rule sets, such as weakest-link pruning, resampling, and the judicious use of linear discriminants. Published results on several real-world datasets are reviewed where decision trees have performed relatively poorly. It is shown that far simpler decision rules can be found with predictive performance that exceeds those previously reported for various learning models, including neural nets and decision trees.
Measurement and Detection of Radiation

(1984). Measurement and Detection of Radiation. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 86, No. 4, pp. 413-413.
Micromotor-enabled active drug delivery for in vivo treatment of stomach infection

Advances in bioinspired design principles and nanomaterials have led to tremendous progress in autonomously moving synthetic nano/micromotors with diverse functionalities in different environments. However, a significant gap remains in moving nano/micromotors from test tubes to living organisms for treating diseases with high efficacy. Here we present the first, to our knowledge, in vivo therapeutic micromotors application for active drug delivery to treat gastric bacterial infection in a mouse model using clarithromycin as a model antibiotic and Helicobacter pylori infection as a model disease. The propulsion of drug-loaded magnesium micromotors in gastric media enables effective antibiotic delivery, leading to significant bacteria burden reduction in the mouse stomach compared with passive drug carriers, with no apparent toxicity. Moreover, while the drug-loaded micromotors reach similar therapeutic efficacy as the positive control of free drug plus proton pump inhibitor, the micromotors can function without proton pump inhibitors because of their built-in proton depletion function associated with their locomotion. Nano- and micromotors have been demonstrated in vitro for a range of applications. Here the authors demonstrate the in-vivo therapeutic use of micromotors to treat H. pylori infection.
Novel Scheduling for Energy Management in Microgrid

Microgrids have made more distributed energy resources available, while the effective applications are still hindered by the limited control of both power demand and supply. To address this issue, we propose a novel energy management system based on mobile social app for energy management in microgrids. Specifically, we not only let users share and report their energy consumption patterns via the proposed mobile social app, but also let them modify their plans to balance the energy supply and demand. We mathematically formulate the new energy management into an optimization problem, with the objective of coordinating the energy consumption activities to maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources. Resorting to methods from Combinatorics, we develop an approximation scheduling algorithm by considering the characteristics of renewable power resources. By experimental simulation, we show that the proposed system can significantly improve the energy efficiency of microgrids.
Anregungen zur selbständigen CSR-Entwicklung in Kleinstunternehmen und Ein-Personen-Unternehmen

Neun von zehn Unternehmen in der Europaischen Union sind Kleinstunternehmen mit weniger als zehn Beschaftigten. In den meisten Fallen sind sie eigentumergepragt, in Ein-Personen-Unternehmen ohne Eigentumerin oder Eigentumer per Definition erst gar nicht denkbar. Personliche und familiare Werte in Kleinstunternehmen wie beispielsweise Fursorge, Gleichheit und Gerechtigkeit sowie Regeln im zwischenmenschlichen Umgang stehen allgemeinen wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Standpunkten bezuglich Unternehmensfuhrung und dem Management der Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) mitunter kontrovers gegenuber. Kleinstunternehmen passen oft nicht so recht ins Muster, sie sind eher Unikate. Fur diese diverse Zielgruppe ist der folgende Beitrag einerseits ein Erfahrungsbericht, andererseits aber auch eine praktische Anleitung zur selbststandigen CSR- und Nachhaltigkeitsorientierung im eigenen Unternehmen. Bemessen an der i. d. R. intensiven Einbindung aller Mitarbeiter in das Tagesgeschaft von Kleinstunternehmen werden Methoden beschrieben, die sich fur eine uberschaubare Reihe an unternehmensinternen Kurzworkshops auch ohne Anleitung externer Prozessbegleiter mit den Beschaftigten selbst umsetzen lassen. Die beschriebenen Anregungen eignen sich grostenteils auch auf fur die Anwendungsebene allein verantwortlicher Ein-Personen-Unternehmen.
Selective laser melting of Ni-rich NiTi: selection of process parameters and the superelastic response

Material and mechanical properties of NiTi shape memory alloys strongly depend on the fabrication process parameters and the resulting microstructure. In selective laser melting, the combination of parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing determine the microstructural defects, grain size and texture. Therefore, processing parameters can be adjusted to tailor the microstructure and mechanical response of the alloy. In this work, NiTi samples were fabricated using Ni50.8Ti (at.%) powder via SLM PXM by Phenix/3D Systems and the effects of processing parameters were systematically studied. The relationship between the processing parameters and superelastic properties were investigated thoroughly. It will be shown that energy density is not the only parameter that governs the material response. It will be shown that hatch spacing is the dominant factor to tailor the superelastic response. It will be revealed that with the selection of right process parameters, perfect superelasticity with recoverable strains of up to 5.6% can be observed in the as-fabricated condition.
Civil Society and Eldercare in Posttraditional Society

My maternal grandmother died when I was very young so I never knew her well. What I remember most clearly about her, though, is that whenever I saw her she was living in one of my aunts’ homes. For a while she lived with us. My grandfather built the house in which my grandmother gave birth to thirteen children, many of whom died in infancy, and in which she raised the survivors once she became a young widow. Without a husband she raised her children by herself with whatever income she could earn, primarily as a janitor at the local school. When the children had grown and left home and when grandmother became too frail to take care of herself, my parents, my sister and I moved into the old house with her. Four of my aunts lived nearby. Even though they grew up in poverty my mother and three of her sisters managed to attend university and become teachers. They were ahead of their time in terms of modern gender roles since they worked full-time while raising children and taking care of their own homes, but they were traditional in that they combined efforts to care for their mother, even as they continued to work and raise their own families. After several years of living with one or another of her daughters, my grandmother died in her own bed at the age of 87 in the house in which she had raised her children.
Systems Thinking in Instructional Design

The word system in Instructional Systems Development tends to connote systematic process. Yet systems scientists suggest this is a limiting interpretation. What would it mean to incorporate more powerful notions of system, for example wholeness and interdependence, in designing instruction— Perhaps experienced practitioners do so and can offer us direction. The study reported here asked designers to identify what they considered to be key relations among components of an instructional system—those things that made the relations among parts important to consider. The results reveal that components are seen as highly interdependent and suggest that simple ISD models and procedures fail to capture much of the systemic nature of the process. Possibilities for supporting practice and developing expertise are implied.
Antigenic Variation in Borrelial Diseases of Humans

Relapsing fever and Lyme disease are human infections caused by different members of the spirochetal genus Borrelia (1). In both diseases a spirochetemia in the vertebrate is the source of infection for the arthropod. One presumes that a bacterium persisting in the blood of the vertebrate longer than another bacterium would have a selective advantage over its more short-lived siblings. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that one of the strategies used by borrelias to achieve this persistence in the host is antigenic variation.
The effect of rapid diagnostic testing with Infectious Diseases fellow consultative intervention on the management of enterococcal bloodstream infection.

Abstract Background Rapid diagnostics for enterococcal bloodstream infections (E-BSIs) can decrease the time to speciation and determination of vancomycin resistance but may not lead to improved antibiotic stewardship. Methods Over 3 years, the time to administration of institutionally preferred antibiotics (IPT) for patients with E-BSI was evaluated and compared between 3 intervention groups: before (baseline) and after implementation of a rapid diagnostic (BC-GP), and the use of BC-GP with an Infectious Diseases (ID) fellow–driven consultative intervention (BC-GP + ID). Results A total of 110 patients (63 baseline, 13 BC-GP, 34 BC-GP + ID) with E-BSI were evaluated. Evaluation of Enterococcus faecium BSI showed that the time IPT was significantly reduced with BC-GP + ID by 10.6 h from baseline (P = 0.02) and 5.4 h from BC-GP (P = 0.04). Conclusions An ID fellow–driven stewardship intervention was associated with a significant improvement in time to IPT for patients with E. faecium but not E. faecalis BSI.
Why Am I Telling You This

Bernice sat next to Bob on the plane. Bob smiled, and said “hello” as Bernice introduced herself. An hour later, Bernice listened attentively as Bob told her he was upset because he and his wife had just been divorced. Before their plane had touched down, Bob had asked Bernice to meet him for dinner.
Design Precepts for High-Temperature Heat Exchangers

The thinking and experience that went into the ORNL-ANP heat exchanger development program for high-performance heat exchangers has brought out many points having broad implications for other types...
Institutional Relations in Agricultural Information Systems

Markets and government action are increasingly regarded as complements. While market-based policy instruments remain ascendant, calls for wholesale public sector disengagement via deregulation and privatization appear to have lost much of their political momentum and technical appeal. There is a growing acknowledgment that economic development and regulation are effectively pursued through synthesis of diverse institutional mechanisms. The popularity within a variety of social science traditions of states and markets as reciprocally embedded attests to academics’ assent to this view. In reviewing our passage through an era of aggressive expansion and deepening of market-logic (fueled in no small part by the end of the Cold War and opportunities for decentralization through information technology), and our arrival at a time where state intervention is broadly regarded as legitimate, Evans (1995) notes that analysts and policy makers must now move beyond the question of how much state intervention to confront the more useful question of what types of public sector participation will serve to meet our objectives.
The Distribution of Natural Stable Isotopes of Carbon As a Possible Tool for the Differentiation of Samples of TNT

Differentiating between samples of explosives of the same chemical nature by chemical or physical techniques is as yet one of the unsolved problems of forensic science. The techniques utilized, such as identification of impurities by gas chromatography [1], thin-layer chromatography [2], and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [3], were primarily employed for quality control purposes and have not so far provided an acceptable method for either identifying the manufacturer of the explosives or differentiating or correlating between samples of explosives. The failure of those techniques for this particular purpose is primarily due to partial degradation of the explosives during storage. Therefore, the original pattern of impurities may completely change with time. The present report describes a novel, and potentially useful, technique for differentiating or correlating samples of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is hardly affected by the postmanufacturing history of the explosives.
Management of the Failed Hemiarthroplasty

The use of hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of various shoulder pathologies, including arthritis and proximal humeral fractures, is high, despite a high failure rate. The most common causes for hemiarthroplasty failure are glenoid erosion, component instability, and rotator cuff insufficiency and, in a fracture setting, tuberosity malposition. Treatment of a failed hemiarthroplasty is generally to either an anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.
Ag6Mo2O7F3Cl: A New Silver Cathode Material for Enhanced ICD Primary Lithium Batteries.

The title compound is hydrothermally prepared from a mixture of Ag2O, MoO3, 4-hydroxypyridine, HF, HCl, and H2O in the molar ratio of 2:2:5:30:4:4 (autoclave, 150 °C, 24 h, 72% yield).
A national survey of approaches to manage the ICU patient with opioid use disorder

Abstract Purpose Opioid associated admissions to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are increasing, but how institutions manage the care of these patients is unknown. We studied the availability of protocols and guidelines in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) for the management of the critically ill patient with opioid use disorder. Materials and methods A survey was sent to a random sampling of ICU clinicians at acute care hospitals in the United States. Results Of the 300 hospitals contacted, 118 agreed to participate and 58 submitted surveys (49%, 58/118 response rate). While a majority of ICUs has a guideline to titrate sedative analgesics, only 7% reported a guideline that addresses the sedation needs of patients with opioid use disorder. Only one respondent identified a guideline for the continuation of medication-assisted treatment such as methadone. Most respondents did not have, or were unaware of, a guideline to manage opioid withdrawal or to prevent over-reversal with naloxone. Outpatient resources were offered to patients by 36% of institutions, while even fewer reported the use of a dedicated addiction care team. Conclusions Few institutional guidelines exist to provide clinicians with the tools necessary to prevent harm and promote recovery for this growing and vulnerable ICU population.
“What’s So Awesome with YouTube”: Learning Music with Social Media Celebrities

The widespread popularity of video-centered social media like YouTube, Vimeo, and DailyMotion is fostering new ways of teaching and learning music online. These media allow producers of educational content to reach, interact with, and respond to a global audience of interested viewers. Through a multimodal analysis approach, this study examined guitar-related lessons, tutorials, and reviews created and shared by artists and enthusiasts who reached a “celebrity” status on YouTube. Findings show that these teachers-celebrities construct their online presence and communicate with their audience through authenticity, approachability, and humor, in short-format and high-quality videos. The seamless integration of instructional content, branding, and references to the authors’ personal lives and worldviews generates a unique teaching and learning environment that challenges traditional understandings of music education.
A Multi-MHz Large Air-gap Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System Utilizing an Active Variable Reactance Rectifier Suitable for Dynamic Electric Vehicle Charging

This paper introduces a multi-MHz large air-gap capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system that incorporates an active variable reactance (AVR) rectifier to compensate for coupling variations in dynamic electric vehicle (EV) charging applications. The AVR-based WPT system maintains full power transfer over a wide range of misalignments and vehicle road clearances. A comprehensive methodology is presented to co-design the AVR rectifier with the matching networks of the WPT system such that large coupling variations are compensated while maintaining high efficiency. A 13.56-MHz, 300-W, 12-cm nominal air-gap prototype capacitive WPT system incorporating the AVR rectifier, which can be scaled up in power for EV applications, is designed, built and tested. The AVR-based prototype system maintains full power transfer for up to 45% lateral misalignment in the coupler and up to 45% increase in vehicle road clearance. In a dynamic charging scenario, the AVR-based system transfers 80% more energy during a single pass of the vehicle over the charging pad, as compared to a system without the AVR rectifier.
Data-driven Learning to Predict WAN Network Traffic

In this paper, we explore both statistical and deep learning approaches for multi-step predictions in WAN traffic traces. Estimating future traffic can help improve link usage and optimize bandwidth utilization. In this paper, we study real network traces from a real WAN research network. We use Fourier analysis to present variation among the traffic traces, extracting daily and weekly peak frequencies per trace. We also develop statistical time-series methods, ARIMA and Holt-Winters, and three LSTM-based approaches with various neural network architectures (Simple, Stacked and S2S LSTM), to forecast and compare the accuracies between them. With efforts to find a data-driven learning solution, we find that deep learning approaches can learn traffic patterns and provide more accurate predictions than ARIMA and Holt-Winters. Our results show that predictions are improved at an average of 70% or more. We further discuss the challenges of building these, their deployment and how these can help improve network utilization for future planning problems.
Measurement properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures used to assess the sleep quality in adults with high prevalence chronic pain conditions: A systematic review

Abstract Objectives To provide a comprehensive overview of the measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess sleep quality in adult patients with prevalent pain-related conditions. Methods Without language restrictions PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched from their inception to January 2020. Independent reviewers screened and selected studies, extracted data, assessed the methodological quality using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist, and performed an evidence synthesis for each measurement property. The results were classified as sufficient, insufficient, inconsistent, or indeterminate, and quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results Nineteen studies were included investigating twelve PROMs and six pain-related conditions. Reliability, internal consistency, structural and construct validity were the most prevalent measurement properties investigated across the studies. Three questionnaires were investigated in more than one study (Jenkins Sleep Scale [JSS] and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale [PSQI] and the Medical Outcomes Study–Sleep Scale [MOS-SS]). High-quality evidence was reported for sufficient content validity in the JSS and indeterminate responsiveness in the MOS-SS. Moderate to high evidence was reported for sufficient structural validity in the MOS-SS and PSQI and sufficient and insufficient construct validity in the JSS And MOS-SS. Low to high evidence was reported for sufficient internal consistency in the MOS-SS and PSQI, while low to moderate evidence for sufficient reliability in the JSS, MOS-SS, and PSQI. Conclusion Studies reporting the most measurement properties included the JSS, MOS-SS, and PSQI in multiple prevalent pain-related conditions. Given this, not all measurement properties have been reported for these as well as other questionnaires, and much investigation is needed to ensure the quality of these questionnaires within high prevalence chronic pain conditions. Prospero CRD42019136623.
Characterization of Geriatric Dysphagia Diagnoses in Age-Based Cohorts.

ObjectiveAn aging population requires increased focus on geriatric otolaryngology. Patients aged ≥65 years are not a homogenous population, and important physiologic differences have been documente...
Politics, Rule-Making, and Judicial Review: A Response to Professor Watts

In an article recently published by The Yale Law Journal titled Proposing a Place for Politics in Arbitrary and Capricious Review, Professor Kathryn A. Watts argues for a more robust role for politics in agencies' informal rule-making procedures under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), as well as in arbitrary and capricious judicial review of those rules. However, her proposal ignores the primary function the APA envisions for the views of regulated entities in notice-and-comment rule-making. She also minimizes the ways in which politics sets regulatory policy before an agency commences the process of adopting, rescinding, or defending a rule. In so doing, she overvalues and undervalues the effect of politics on the agency rule-making process at the same time. In Part I of this Recent Development, I discuss why the APA intentionally insulated agency rule-making from the political branches, show that this insulation predated “hard look” review, and demonstrate why, from the perspective of regulated entities, this needs to be so. In Part II, I consider how politics sets the regulatory agenda for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the agency I am most familiar with as a practitioner. In Part III, I examine the Supreme Court's decision last Term in FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. and find the case is less of an invitation for agencies and courts to rely on political influence than Professor Watts believes.
Vibration of a semi-rigid cantilever in a uniform flow

Abstract Here, we investigate the static and dynamic response of semi-rigid cantilevers at various initial inclination angles (15° α 90°) and flexural rigidity ( E I ∼ O ( 1 0 − 8 ) Pa-m 4 ) to a uniform flow using a soap film tunnel. The vertical soap film tunnel produced uniform-flow Reynolds numbers 5 × 1 0 3 R e 4 . 5 × 1 0 4 based on cantilever length. High speed video and image analysis were used to estimate quantities such as the average cantilever tip displacement, tip vibration amplitude and frequency ω , and vortex shedding frequency, f . Vibration frequency was then compared to vortex shedding and the cantilever’s natural frequency ω N to determine which was likely responsible for the dynamic response. A one-dimensional Euler–Bernoulli beam theory model was then used to estimate the relative magnitude of two superpositioned forcing terms with either f or ω N as the driving frequency. There was good agreement between measured and computed tip displacement.