cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Permeability and Channel-Mediated Transport of Boric Acid across Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Squash Roots

Boron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and the boron content of plants differs greatly, but the mechanism(s) of its uptake into cells is not known. Boron is present in the soil solution as boric acid and it is in this form that it enters the roots. We determined the boron permeability coefficient of purified plasma membrane vesicles obtained from squash (Cucurbita pepo) roots and found it to be 3 × 10−7 ±1.4 × 10−8 cm s−1, six times higher than the permeability of microsomal vesicles. Boric acid permeation of the plasma membrane vesicles was partially inhibited (30%–39%) by mercuric chloride and phloretin, a non-specific channel blocker. The inhibition by mercuric chloride was readily reversible by 2-mercaptoethanol. The energy of activation for boron transport into the plasma membrane vesicles was 10.2 kcal mol−1. Together these data indicate that boron enters plant cells in part by passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and in part through proteinaceous channels. Expression of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) PIP1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes resulted in a 30% increase in the boron permeability of the oocytes. Other MIPs tested (PIP3, MLM1, and GlpF) did not have this effect. We postulate that certain MIPs, like those that have recently been shown to transport small neutral solutes, may also be the channels through which boron enters plant cells.
Lung transplantation with donation after cardiac death donors: Long-term follow-up in a single center

Objective We sought to examine long-term outcomes at the University of Wisconsin for all lung transplant recipients who received lungs from donation after cardiac death donors since the initiation of this program in 1993. Methods Eighteen (4.2%) of the 424 lung transplantations performed in 406 patients between January 1993 and April 2009 used lungs from donation after cardiac death donors. Outcomes for this recipient cohort were compared with those for recipients who received organs from brain-dead donors. Results Warm ischemic time (from withdrawal of support to reperfusion of organs) was 30 ± 17 minutes (11–93 minutes). The patient survival rates in the donation after cardiac death group (DCD group) at 1, 3, and 5 years were 88.1% ± 7.9%, 81.9% ± 9.5%, and 81.9% ± 9.5%, respectively. These survival rates were not different from those of the brain-dead donor group (BDD group, P = .66). The incidence of primary graft dysfunction in the DCD group was similar to that of the BDD group (P = .59). However, the incidence of airway complications was somewhat higher in the DCD group. Freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome at 1, 3, and 5 years in the DCD group was 80.4% ± 10.2%, 80.4% ± 10.2%, and 72.3% ± 11.9%, respectively, and did not differ from the incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in the BDD group (P = .59). Conclusions Our data show that the long-term patient and graft survival rates after donation after cardiac death lung transplantation were equivalent to those after brain-dead donor lung transplantation. Our findings suggest that the use of donation after cardiac death donors can safely and substantially expand the donor pool for lung transplantation.
Effect of eyelid suture on development of ocular dimensions in macaques

The axial dimensions of eyes of macaque monkeys which had experienced long term monocular or binocular eyelid closure were measured using ultrasonography. The axial length of the vitreous chamber and total eye were significantly increased in the sutured eye of 3 monkeys and significantly decreased in the sutured eye of 2 monkeys among the 6 monocularly lid sutured subjects. Binocular eyelid suturing induced large interocular differences in these ocular dimensions. We conclude eyelid suture interrupts the regulation of posterior segment growth. This usually results in axial elongation but may also produce axial shortening.
Extrinsic visual and auditory cortical connections in the 4-day-old kitten

The major extrinsic projections to and from the visual and auditory cortical areas were examined in 4-day-old kittens using axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and/or tritiated proline. Six different afferent and seven different efferent systems were studied; all 13 were present by postnatal day 4 as revealed by either HRP, or autoradiography alone, or these two techniques combined. Topographical projections were found for the corticopetal pathways from the thalamus and claustrum and for the corticofugal pathways to the thalamus, claustrum, striatum, and tectum, as well as for the inter- and intrahemispheric pathways. No topographical relations were seen in projections to the cortex from the basal ganglia or the lower brainstem. The results of the present study indicate that most or all of the major extrinsic connections of the kitten's visual and auditory cortical areas are present neonatally, and that both the cells of origin and the axonal targets are arranged topographically much like those of adult cats. However, the origins of callosal projections from visual cortex are more widespread in newborn kittens than in adult cats. In addition, the laminar arrangements of the kitten's corticocortical connections differ from those of adult cats in a number of details. The results suggest that the sparing of some visual and auditory functions after neonatal lesions occurs despite the fact that the cortical areas removed have formed extrinsic connections.
The Impact of Knowledge, Source, Situational and Relational Context on Knowledge Transfer During ISD Process

Knowledge transfer is recognized as a crucial activity for project teams to work effectively. However, limited attention has been directed towards examining the role of knowledge transfer in information systems development projects (ISD). In this study we empirically examine the impact of source context, knowledge context, relation context, and situational context on the process of knowledge transfer among ISD face-to-face team members. Specifically, we test the impact of ISD team member's cultural proclivity, capability, credibility, extent of communication, and group cohesion on the process of knowledge transfer. Our findings suggest that in face-to-face ISD teams, a collectivist individual who has a high task related capability, who is perceived as highly credible, and who frequently communicates with his/her team members is able to transfer significant amount of knowledge. Although, group cohesion did not influence knowledge transfer, our results indicate that a communicative individual from a more cohesive group is able to transfer more knowledge.
Ground based high data rate DVB-S2 demodulator for high data rate AISR transport

The Wideband Global SATCOM system (WGS) block II satellite offers Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance platforms with an unprecedented amount of satellite bandwidth. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms require a new waveform and subsequent modem implementations to fully exploit these new capabilities. To complement the high data rate (HDR) version of the Digital Video Broadcasting, Second Generation Satellite (DVB-S2) standard waveform and the single FPGA modulator introduced in previous work, this paper will focus on the implementation of a matching HDR ground-based demodulator. The implementation described within leverages commercial off the shelf (COTS) technology, to deliver a low risk, scalable, and portable design.
Treatment of new onset type 1 diabetes with teplizumab: successes and pitfalls in development

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, characterized by selective destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells by T-cell-mediated inflammation. Beginning with studies of cyclosporin A in the 1980s, but with more activity in the past decade, there have been a number of clinical trials to test whether immunotherapies can arrest the decline in C-peptide, which is associated with progression of type 1 diabetes leading to the metabolic instability that characterizes the disease. One of the most promising agents, teplizumab, is an FcR-nonbinding anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody that has been tested in Phase II – III clinical trials and was shown to preserve the C-peptide levels and reduce the need for exogenous insulin. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the recent update on clinical data obtained from trials of teplizumab in type 1 diabetes, the drug’s postulated mechanism of action and the identification of responders to therapy. We highlight the results of recent tri...
Gene Products that Mediate Translation Initiation in Yeast

The general mechanism proposed for higher eukaryotic translation initiation is illustrated by a scanning model (Kozak 1980) in which the preinitiation complex recognizes the 5′ end of capped mRNA, migrates along the 5′ leader region until the first AUG initiator codon is encountered, where translation begins. Some of the features associated with the yeast initiator regions from over 130 genes were analyzed (Cigan and Donahue 1987). Yeast leader regions are rich in adenine nucleotides, have an average length of 52 nucleotides, and are void of stable stem-loop structures. The sequence context flanking the start codon of yeast mRNAs \({\rm{(5' - }}\frac{{\rm{A}}}{{\rm{Y}}}{\rm{A}}\frac{{\rm{A}}}{{\rm{U}}}{\rm{A}}\underline {{\rm{AUG}}} {\rm{UCU - 3')}}\) is different from the higher eukaryotic consensus (5′-CACCAUGG-3′) with the exception of a preference for an A nucleotide at the -3 position relative to the AUG start codon. 95% of yeast mRNAs utilize the AUG codon nearest the 5′ end of message as the start site for translation. Converse genetic experiments at the CYC1 gene (Sherman and Stewart 1982) and the HIS4 gene (Donahue and Cigan 1988) in yeast establish the preference for the first AUG codon relative to the 5′ end of the message to serve as the start site of translation. The “first AUG” rule observed at CYC1 and HIS4 (Cigan et al. 1988b), in conjunction with the basic features of the leader region of yeast mRNAS, is consistent with a scanning mechanism being utilized for translation initiation in yeast.
Examining the Mathematics in Mathematics Teacher Education

Central to the preparation of mathematics teachers is their preparation in mathematics. Consequently, a careful examination of the nature of teachers’ mathematical experiences is warranted. There are many factors that influence the teaching of mathematics including the historical development of mathematics with its inherent formalism. This linkage will be explored along with a review of research on teachers’ beliefs and knowledge of mathematics as beliefs and knowledge relate to teacher change. We conclude that this research suggests that teachers are not always well positioned to adopt a more reform- and process-oriented teaching style that moves beyond the usual formalism in the teaching of mathematics. Grounded in this review of the literature, three principles for teaching preservice teachers mathematics will be presented. These principles are: (a) treating mathematics as a pluralistic subject, (b) providing teachers with opportunities to understand and reflect on school mathematics, and (c) enabling teachers to experience mathematics as a process. We will discuss and illustrate these principles using a specific mathematical problem solved from a variety of perspectives.
An Experience Report Assessing A Professional Development MOOC For CS Principles

CS Principles is a new AP course being developed by the College Board and introduced into high schools across the nation. To aid and encourage the adoption of the new CSP course, we have developed a Massively-Open Online Course (MOOC) over the past two years that serves as a professional development (PD) offering for CS Principles. Additionally, we have provided a parallel face-to-face workshop for a smaller group of MOOC participants. In this paper, we discuss our experiences conducting PD using a MOOC. We investigated the impact of the face-to-face event and online community on participants' completion and performance in the course. Our analysis suggests that participants who have even just a few days of face-to-face engagement tend to be more successful in completing a multi-week MOOC.
Response: Final Note to Significance Seekers

L'A., qui est egalement celui de l'ouvrage Religion after religion, repond ici aux critiques exprimees dans les deux precedents articles. Il precise que l'objectif de son livre est historique, qu'il est un historien qui defend l'etude historique des monotheismes contre leur etude historiosophique, la theosophie ; que son travail est une critique de G. Scholem, M. Eliade et de H. Corbin dans la mesure ou ils ont mis en relation l'erudition historique et la theosophie mystocentrique.
Control of Gas Flow in Narrow Channels Using an Electric Field To Modify the Flow Boundary Condition

We demonstrate that the resistance to the flow of gas in a narrow channel can be controlled in situ by using an electric field to modify a thin organic surface film. The flow was determined indirec...
Disparities in disease presentation in the four screenable cancers according to health insurance status.

Abstract Objectives Current guidelines support the use of screening for early detection in breast, prostate, colorectal and cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether insurance status predicts for more advanced disease in these four currently screened cancers. Study design The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for breast, prostate, colorectal and cervix in patients aged 18–64 years. The database was queried from 2007 to 2011, with 425,614 patients with known insurance status included. Methods Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate insurance status and cancer presentation. Results Under multivariate analysis for breast cancer, uninsured patients more often had invasive disease (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55), T- (OR: 2.00), N- (OR: 1.59) stage, and metastatic disease (OR: 3.48), and were more often high-grade (OR: 1.21). For prostate cancer, uninsured patients again presented more commonly with higher T-stage (OR: 1.45), nodal (OR: 2.90) and metastatic (OR: 4.98) disease, in addition to higher prostate-specific antigen (OR: 2.85) and Gleason score (OR: 1.65). Colorectal cancer had similar findings with uninsured individuals presenting with more invasive disease (OR: 1.78), higher T (OR: 1.86), N (OR: 1.22), and M (OR: 1.58) stage, in addition to higher carcinoembryonic antigen levels (OR: 1.66). Similar results were seen for cervical cancer with uninsured having higher T (OR: 2.03), N (OR: 1.21), and M (OR: 1.45) stage. Conclusion In the four cancers detected by screening exams, those without health insurance present with more advanced disease, with higher stage and grade, and more elevated tumour markers.
Analysis on Electromagnetic Transient Characteristics of UHV Half-wavelength AC Transmission System

The geographical positions of main energy resources in China are far from load centers,and the distances between energy resources and load centers are close to half-wavelength of power frequencey.UHV half-wavelength AC power transmission can be regarded as one of the selectable schemes to send large capacity of electric power via long distance.Based on parameters of UHVAC transmission line in China and refering to the UHVAC transmission system being planned,a model to research UHV half-wavelength AC power transmission is built and by which such problems in half-wavelength power transmission as power frequency overvoltage,switching overvoltage,overvotlage caused by grounding faults and seconday arc current are simulated and researched.Based on the results from simulation and research,several measures to suppress these kinds of overvoltages and seconday arc current are proposed.
The inspires of recently national health care reform in UK

Since the beginning of the 21st century,UK had carried out health care reform through three major fields to its NHS.This paper gives a brief introduction to these reforms,focus on their basis,reasons and the measures taken during the reform.Further more,in this paper,there will be analysis and comments to these reforms,in order to provide a reference to the reform of our medical system.
Current classification of urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma and its variants

病理学研究证明,约98%的膀胱恶性肿瘤起源于上皮,其中90%以上为尿路上皮癌,绝大多数肾盂、输尿管和下尿道的恶性肿瘤也起源于尿路上皮.尿路上皮癌有很多不同的组织学变异型,最常见的是鳞状上皮分化,其次为腺性分化和巢状变异、微乳头状等诸多类型[1]。
Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Practice Guidelines: Have We Reached a Tipping Point?—An Overview

Given recent developments in the United States, where professional clinical societies have attempted to define "value" and consider it in their deliberations about appropriate care, this thematic article describes those recent specialty society efforts in the United States in cardiology and oncology and the multispecialty efforts in the United Kingdom for over 10 years. Despite our high levels of health spending, and our field's long and consistent approach to the basic tools of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), US private and public payers are not routinely or explicitly using CEAs in their reimbursement decisions. This is a puzzle that raises the following question: Why does the United States have so many skilled pharmacoeconomic practitioners and produce so many CEAs given this apparent lack of interest and trust? There are multiple reasons, but the lack of incentives to use the information certainly matters. This article identifies and discusses a number of key issues and challenges for incorporating CEA into US clinical guidelines development: potential bias in manufacturer-sponsored CEAs, the role of societal perspective, payer-subscriber and physician-patient agency relationships, the need for disease area CEA studies and modeling, patient heterogeneity, investigators' conflicts of interest, assessing the quality of economic studies, and aggregation of information using multicriteria decision analysis. These developments suggest that the application of CEA in health care decision making in the United States is evolving and may be approaching a tipping point. With increasing pressures on drug prices, perhaps reflecting challenges to industry sustainability, payers, providers, and patients are looking for value for money. CEA should be an important part of this process.
Removing the Interference of DDT and Its Analogs in the Analysis for Residues of Poly chlorinated Biphenyls

A micro scale procedure is described for quantitatively separating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from DDT and its analogs. DDT and TDE are initially dehydrochlorinated with ethanolic KOH to their respective olefins, DDE and TDE-olefin (1-chloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene). The olefins are than oxidized by CrO3 in acetic acid to the more polar dichlorobenzophenone. PCB's are eluted from a micro Florisil column with petroleum ether. Typical recoveries in the ppm range (based on a 5 g sample) were is greater than 80% for Aroclors 1254 and 1260. Recoveries generally were poorer with Aroclors of lower chlorine content and decreased with decreasing quantity of Aroclor present. The DDT group was not quantitatively determined; recoveries averaged is greater than 60% for the DDT group in the ppm range (based on a 5 g sample). The procedure was successfully applied to samples of Lake Michigan chubs containing residues of PCB's and the DDT group and to extracts of human serum fortified with Aroclors and the DDT group.
Improved Radiosynthesis and Biological Evaluations of L- and D-1-[18F]Fluoroethyl-Tryptophan for PET Imaging of IDO-Mediated Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism.

Tryptophan metabolism via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-mediated kynurenine pathway plays a role in immunomodulation and has been emerging as a plausible target for cancer immunotherapy. Imaging IDO-mediated kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism with positron emission tomography (PET) could provide valuable information for noninvasive assessment of cancer immunotherapy response. In this work, radiotracer 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan (1-L-[18F]FETrp) and its enantioisomer 1-D-[18F]FETrp were synthesized and evaluated for PET imaging of IDO-mediated kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Enantiopure 1-L-[18F]FETrp and 1-D-[18F]FETrp were prepared by a nucleophilic reaction of N-boc-1-(2-tosylethyl) tryptophan tert-butyl ester with [18F]Fluoride, followed by acid hydrolysis in a GE Tracerlab FX-N module. In vitro cell uptake assays were performed with a breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Small animal PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging was carried out in a mouse model bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts. Automatic radiosynthesis of 1-L-[18F]FETrp and 1-D-[18F]FETrp was achieved by a one-pot two-step approach in 19.0 ± 7.0 and 9.0 ± 3.0 % (n = 3) decay-corrected yield with radiochemical purity over 99 %, respectively. In vitro cell uptake study indicated the uptake of 1-D-[18F]FETrp in MDA-MB-231 cells was 0.73 ± 0.07 %/mg of protein at 60 min, while, the corresponding uptake of 1-L-[18F]FETrp was 6.60 ± 0.77 %/mg. Further mechanistic assays revealed that amino acid transport systems L-tpye amino acid transporter (LAT) and alanine-, serine-, and cysteine-preferring (ASC), and enzyme IDO expression were involved in cell uptake of 1-L-[18F]FETrp. Small animal PET/CT imaging study showed the tumor uptake of 1-L-[18F]FETrp was 4.6 ± 0.4 % ID/g, while, the tumor uptake of 1-D-[18F]FETrp was low to 1.0 ± 0.2 % ID/g, which were confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution study. We have developed a practical method for the automatic radiosynthesis of 1-L-[18F]FETrp and 1-D-[18F]FETrp. Our biological evaluation results suggest that 1-L-[18F]FETrp is a promising radiotracer for PET imaging of IDO-mediated kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in cancer.
Polymorphic Students: New Descriptions and Conceptions of Community College Students From the Perspectives of Administrators and Faculty

Objective: In an effort to break away from the stale classifications of community college students that stem from the hegemonic perspective of previous literature, this work utilizes the perception...
Abstract 584: The DEK oncogene may serve as a predictive plasma biomarker in head and neck cancer patients

Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains the sixth most common cancer worldwide with almost 50,000 new diagnoses in the US each year. Although, infection with HPV has emerged as a favorable prognostic factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) leading to de-intensifying treatment strategies, no serum biomarkers currently exist to predict tumor response and/or relapse. One candidate serum biomarker is encoded by the human DEK gene. DEK mRNA and protein is highly upregulated in tissue specimens from several tumor types including HNSCC, breast cancer and melanoma and antibodies to DEK are detected in patients with auto-immune disease (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, etc.). Our previous work has demonstrated that DEK is highly and universally expressed in HNSCC tissue specimens regardless of stage or HPV infection. Additionally, in vitro data has suggested that tumor associated macrophages secrete DEK protein leading to the hypothesis that DEK may be present in the serum of cancer patients. In fact, the detection of DEK protein in urine is currently being explored as a diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer. Here, we sought to determine if secreted DEK protein can be detected in human plasma and if it could be used as a biomarker for HNSCC. Peripheral blood was collected from either patients with newly diagnosed, untreated, HNSCC or age-matched normal healthy controls. Plasma was separated from the samples and subjected to DEK specific ELISA (Cusabio, Wuhan, China). Plasma DEK levels were compared to tumor stage, response to therapy, and overall tumor burden in patients. Preliminary results demonstrate that DEK is indeed present in the plasma of HNSCC patients and we are currently comparing these levels to normal healthy controls. Further analyses are ongoing to determine whether DEK levels predict response to various treatment modalities, correlate with the body9s immune response, and whether DEK presence in the serum will predict residual disease and/or early relapse. These data will be important to verify DEK plasma measurements as a clinically useful test and may give insight to future personalized and targeted treatment strategies for HNSCC. Citation Format: Trisha Wise-Draper, Lisa Privette Vinnedge, Arun Sendilnathan. The DEK oncogene may serve as a predictive plasma biomarker in head and neck cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 584. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-584
Force-dependent disruption of scribble/Dgl5-dependent tissue polarity.

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 412 Extracellular matrix (ECM) cues regulate cell fate through biochemical and biophysical signaling cascades. Although we know much about how various ECMs' activate transmembrane cell receptors to alter cell behavior via biochemical mechanisms, we know relatively little about how physical cues from the ECM modulate cell function. Recently, we reported that a progressive increase in ECM stiffness perturbs mammary epithelial tissue morphogenesis by promoting the maturation of focal adhesions to stimulate cell contractility. We also showed that breast tumors in vivo are characterized by a loss of tissue organization and a sustained increase in ECM stiffness. We also found that malignantly transformed mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are more contractile than their non-transformed counterparts and that inhibiting cell-generated force through ectopic expression of N19Rho or via treatment with a Rock or myosin II inhibitor induces a phenotypic reversion of the malignant tissue. Because normal tissue structure and behavior are functionally linked to tissue polarity, we have begun studying the effect of force on a key regulator of tissue polarity, scribble/discs large junctional complex assembly and stability to clarify the molecular basis by which force could alter tissue function. Here we report that elevated matrix stiffness increases scribble expression and concomitantly disrupts scribble localization from apical/lateral junctions to perturb junctional integrity in nonmalignant MEC tissue-like structures (acini), suggesting mechanical force disrupts mammary tissue polarity by destabilizing scribble-like junctions. Indeed, perturbing adherens junctions through ectopic expression of a dominant negative E cadherin compromised mammary morphogenesis in association with altered scribble junction integrity. Consistently, gene expression microarray analysis of nonmalignant (HMT-3522 S1), premalignant (HMT-3522 S3) and malignant transformed (HMT-3522 T4-2) three dimensional reconstituted basement membrane MEC tissues revealed that there is a progressive decrease in discs large 5 (Dlg5) mRNA expression associated with malignant transformation of these cells, and that Dlg5 is subsequently re expressed following phenotypic reversion and reduced cell-generated force in the T4-2 cells. Furthermore, expression of a shRNA to Dlg5 disrupted MEC tissue morphogenesis. Because highly contractile breast tumor cells expressed lower levels of inappropriately localized scribble protein, we are exploring the possibility that force disrupts mammary tissue integrity to modify MEC behavior by enhancing scribble turnover and reducing >Dlg5 expression.
D’Annunzio, Bernini, and the Baroque prelude of Il Piacere

This essay investigates the early rediscovery of Bernini and the Roman Baroque in D’Annunzio’s Il piacere. Starting from the analysis of the few explicit textual references and the many implicit allusions to the Baroque artist in the novel, the present study documents Bernini’s impact on Sperelli’s persona, poetic method, and artistic projects. At the same time, based on the protagonist’s radical re-evaluation of Bernini—after two centuries of critical dismissal—this article also sheds light on the deep and substantial relationship connecting the Roman Baroque and D’Annunzio’s aesthetics. The rediscovered culture of the 17th century indeed constitutes not only a key element in Il piacere, but also an important poetic prelude for D’Annunzio’s hoped-for renaissance of the arts, and for the scholarly re-appreciation of the genius of Bernini (from Riegl to Wittkower). In light of the later success of dannunzianesimo, the novel’s Baroque vein can also be read as the first historical spark of the fervent Italia...
Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering

Tissue engineered skin substitutes for wound healing have evolved tremendously over the last couple of years. New advances have been made toward developing skin substitutes made up of artificial and natural materials. Engineered skin substitutes are developed from acellular materials or can be synthesized from autologous, allograft, xenogenic, or synthetic sources. Each of these engineered skin substitutes has their advantages and disadvantages. However, to this date, a complete functional skin substitute is not available, and research is continuing to develop a competent full thickness skin substitute product that can vascularize rapidly. There is also a need to redesign the currently available substitutes to make them user friendly, commercially affordable, and viable with longer shelf life. The present review focuses on providing an overview of advances in the field of tissue engineered skin substitute development, the availability of various types, and their application.
The last deglaciation of Peru and Bolivia

The tropical Andes of Peru and Bolivia are important for preserving geomorphic evidence of multiple glaciations, allowing for refinements of chronology to aid in understanding climate dynamics at a key location between hemispheres. This review focuses on the deglaciation from Late-Pleistocene maximum positions near the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We synthesize the results of the most recent published glacial geologic studies from 12 mountain ranges or regions within Peru and Bolivia where glacial moraines and drift are dated with terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN), as well as maximum and minimum limiting ages based on radiocarbon in proximal sediments. Special consideration is given to document paleoglacier valley localities with topographic information given the strong vertical mass balance sensitivity of tropical glaciers. Specific valley localities show variable and heterogeneous sequences ages and extensions of paleoglaciers, but conform to a generally cogent regional sequence revealed by more continuous lake sedimentary records. There are clear distributions of stratigraphically older and younger moraine ages that we group and discuss chronologically. The timing of the local LGM based on average TCN ages of moraine groups is 25.1 ka, but there are large uncertainties (up to 7 ka) making the relative timing with the global LGM elusive. There are a significant number of post-LGM moraines that date to 18.9 (± 0.5) ka. During the Oldest Dryas (18.0 to 14.6 ka), moraine boulders date to 16.1 (± 1.1) ka, suggesting that glaciers either experienced stillstands or readvances during this interval. The Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR; 14.6 to 12.6 ka) is another phase of stillstanding or readvancing glaciers with moraine groups dating to 13.7 (± 0.8) ka, followed by retreating ice margins through most of the Younger Dryas (YD; 12.9 to 11.8 ka). During the early Holocene, groups of moraines in multiple valleys date to 11.0 (± 0.4) ka, marking a period when glaciers either readvanced or paused from the overall trend of deglaciation. The pattern of glacial variability during the Late Glacial after ~14.6 ka appears to be more synchronous with periods of cooling in the southern high latitudes, and out-of-phase with the overall deglacial trend in the Northern Hemisphere. While insolation and CO 2 forcing likely drove the general pattern of deglaciation in the southern tropical Andes, regional ocean-atmospheric and hypsometric controls must have contributed to the full pattern of glacial variability.
Physical Exposures, Work Tasks, and OSHA-10 Training Among Temporary and Payroll Construction Workers.

OBJECTIVE We characterize and compare the self-reported physical exposures, work tasks, and OSHA-10 training in a non-probabilistic sample of temporary and payroll construction workers. METHODS In June 2016, a total of 250 payroll and temporary general laborers employed at Florida construction sites completed a survey at the job site as part of the falls reported among minority employees (FRAME) study. RESULTS Workers employed through temp agencies (57.1%) were significantly more likely to report moving or lifting materials more than 100 pounds than payroll workers (38.5%; P < 0.01). Temporary construction workers with 10-hour OSHA training (22.2%) spent significantly less time with intense hand use/awkward hand posture than temporary workers without 10-hour OSHA training (46.9%; P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Temp construction workers with OSHA 10-hour training reported less hazardous physical postures than workers without the same training.
Gratitude predicts hope and happiness: A two-study assessment of traits and states

Gratitude is the appreciation of a gift received; happiness is the enjoyment of a present good; and hope is the desire for a valued future. Two studies investigated gratitude as a predictor of hope...
Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean 1990 to 2015

Background The estimated global prevalence of Peripheral artery disease (PAD) increased by 24% in span of 10 years (2000-2010) from 164 to 202 million. Despite scarcity of data on PAD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the Caribbean, estimates for PAD from these regions may be helpful for health-care providers. Methods The Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 quantified health loss from hundreds of diseases using systematic reviews and multilevel computer modeling. Estimated rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) for PAD (ICD-10 I70.2) were examined for SSA and the Caribbean and compared to high-income North America (HINA). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are years of healthy life lost representing total disease burden by combining years of life lost and years lived disabled. Results In 2015, estimated age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 due to PAD for males were as follows: Caribbean (34, UI: 29-39), HINA (36, UI: 30-42), and SSA (20, UI: 14-30). In contrast, DALYs in females were as follows: Caribbean (25, UI: 20-30), HINA (28, UI: 22-36), and SSA (17, UI: 11-26). For both sexes combined, the rate in Southern SSA was 55 (46-67). This reflects the extremely high rates in South Africa (males 90, UI: 77-107; females 63, UI: 53-75). Conclusion Estimated rate of DALYs per 100,000 was lowest in SSA. Within SSA, the rate in South Africa was highest, exceeding even HINA. Caribbean rates were intermediate.
Designing Networks of Spiking Silicon Neurons and Synapses

Biological neurons communicate with each other via short, fixed-amplitude pulses called action potentials or spikes. This discrete-amplitude continuous-time representation encodes intensity and timing information with high noise immunity, and thus is ideally suited for processing real-world sensory stimuli.
Non-Perturbative External Field Effects in QED

QED is the most thoroughly studied quantum field theory. The predictions up to the order O(e 8) perturbation expansion have been confronted with the experiments with success1 and the manner how ultraviolet divergences are handled is supported by the phenomenology related to the axial anomaly2. But QED cannot be reduced to a set of the Feynman diagrams, there are phenomena which are inherently non-perturbative in their nature. The well known examples are the bound state formation and the strong interactions at short distances. They can be handled by resumming an infinite subset of Feynman diagrams by methods such as the Bethe-Salpeter equation3 and the renormalization group4.
Crosslinking with Hermann Staudinger

The key to the concept of re-mendable covalently bonded polymers developed in our group is a polymerization/crosslinking reaction discovered by Staudinger and later applied, partially, by Stille. This account gives the historical perspective on our results based on the Staudinger cyclopentadiene polymerization and crossing paths with Staudinger in personal life.
Differences in outcomes between patients whose relapse was diagnosed radiologically versus clinically after autologous transplantation for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

e19001Background: Surveillance scans performed after autologous stem cell transplant (AutoSCT) for patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) diffuse large B Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have no proven surviv...
Synthesis of the glucoallosamidin pseudo-disaccharide: Use of an efficient Hg(II) mediated cyclization

Abstract The title compound 1a was prepared from cyclopentadienylthallium in 11 steps. The key component of the pseudo-disaccharide 1a , (−)-allosamizoline 2 , was synthesized in 2 steps starting from the known cyclopentene 4 by formation of the aminoimidate 5 followed by a mercury(II)trifluoroacetate mediated cyclization and radical oxygenation. Regioselective and stereospecific coupling of 6- O -benzyl-(−)-allosamizoline 8 with the oxazoline glycosyl donor 11 and subsequent deprotection afforded the β-1,4-pseudo-disaccharide 1a .
Extremes of Age Decrease Survival in Adults After Lung Transplant.

Background Age has been implicated as a factor in the plateau of long-term survival after lung transplant. Methods We used data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients to identify all recipients of lung transplant aged ≥18 years of age between January 1, 2006, and February 19, 2015. A total of 14,253 patients were included in the analysis. Survival was estimated using a nonproportional hazard model and random-survival forest methodology was used to examine risk factors for death. Final selection of model variables was performed using bootstrap aggregation. Age was analyzed as both a continuous and categorical variable (age 55 years). Risk factors for death were obtained for the entire cohort and additional age-specific risk factors were identified for each age category. Results The median age at transplant was 59 years. There were 1,098 (7.7%) recipients 55 years of age. Age was the most significant risk factor for death at all time-points following transplant and its impact becomes more prominent as time from transplant increases. Risk factors for death for all patients included extremes of age, higher creatinine, single lung transplant, hospitalization before transplant, and increased bilirubin. Risk factors for death differed by age with social determinants of health disproportionately affecting survival for those in the youngest age category. Conclusions The youngest and oldest adult recipients experienced the lowest posttransplant survival through divergent pathways that may present opportunities for intervention to improve survival after lung transplant.
Volcano Routing: A Multi-Pipe High-Throughput Routing Protocol with Hole Avoidance for Multi-Beam Directional Mesh Networks

The emergence of multi-beam directional antennas (MBDAs) has paved the way for fast and high-throughput data communications by providing concurrent multi-directional transmissions. However, the existing routing protocols are not capable of utilizing the advantages of MBDAs. In this paper, we have developed a new routing scheme, called volcano routing , which can exploit the concurrent packet dispatching capability of MBDAs for high-throughput data delivery. Its topology resembles the flow of volcano lava and several routing “pipes” are used, which can detour around the network “holes” or blocked areas. The routing process consists of two phases: 1) Main path search phase : There is a main path at the core of each pipe. Multiple optimal main paths are formed that have a high potential of adding side nodes to enable multi-beam communications. A hierarchical scoring system and the performance metrics are used to evaluate the quality of the main paths. 2) Volcano establishment phase : The top-quality main paths are selected, and side paths are formed around each main path to establish the volcano pipes. A multi-beam traffic scheduling and dispatching policy is also proposed to achieve better performance. Our results show that the volcano routing scheme can exploit the advantages of MBDAs for achieving high data rates.
Radiofrequency versus cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: an argument for a 'cryo-first' approach.

Purpose of reviewRadiofrequency and cryoballoon ablation are the two most common modalities for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Radiofrequency, being more prevalent and having existed for a longer period, is often utilized for patients’ first ablations, despite the efficiency and efficacy
Moore v. Dempsey Writ Large

I enclose the introduction and first four chapters of a larger project addressing the implications of Moore v. Dempsey, a 1923 Supreme Court decision once prominent that largely disappeared from view in the early 1960s. This progression, I think, rewards a close look and brings much — surprisingly much — into view. The introduction supplies more detail. This is preliminary work. Footnotes are sketchy (apologies to all) — suggestions and criticisms will be welcomed. I hope to post four additional chapters soon.
Replication and Extension of the Lucas County PSA Project

This report presents findings related to impacts associated with criminal justice improvements underway in Lucas County, Ohio. The current report, however, focuses on impacts related to one of Lucas County’s initiatives - the use of the Public Safety Assessment (PSA). The report shows that Lucas County made serious reductions to the number of people booked into jail during the post-PSA period. For the entire seven-year study period, of those released pretrial, 27% experienced a failure to appear (FTA), 17% were arrested for any offense, and 5% were arrested for a violent offense during the pretrial period. There were reductions in the pretrial outcomes between the pre- and post-PSA periods: a six-percentage point decrease in FTA rates (30% vs. 24%), a five-percentage point decrease in new criminal arrest (NCA) rates (20% vs. 15%) and a two-percentage point decrease in new violent criminal arrest (NVCA) rates (6% vs. 4%). The results demonstrate that the PSA meets standards of predictive validity. For the three scales, we found that the Area Under the Curve (AUC) values are in the good (NCA) and fair (NVCA and FTA) ranges, there is incremental increase in failures as scores increase, and significant increases in the predicted likelihood of failure as scores increase across a series of regression models. The report shows that the PSA meets validity standards used for criminal justice assessments, and the report includes tests for predictive bias.
The Galaxy Proximity Effect in the Lyman-alpha Forest

Hydrodynamic cosmological simulations predict that the average opacity of the Ly-alpha forest should increase in the neighborhood of galaxies because galaxies form in dense environments. Recent observations (Adelberger et al. 2002) confirm this expectation at large scales, but they show a decrease of absorption at comoving separations Delta_r ~ 1 Mpc/h to produce saturated absorption at the galaxy redshift, putting stringent requirements on any ``feedback'' solution. Local photoionization is insufficient, even if we allow for recurrent AGN activity that keeps the neutral hydrogen fraction below its equilibrium value. A simple ``wind'' model that eliminates all neutral hydrogen in spheres around the observed galaxies can marginally explain the data, but only if the winds extend to comoving radii ~1.5 Mpc/h.
Nationalism and forgetfulness in the spreading of thermal sciences

Abstract This is a review of several key ideas and pioneers in the founding history of thermodynamics, fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Ideas treated in detail are the mechanical equivalent of heat, the difference between heat transfer and work transfer, the Navier-Stokes equations, natural convection in a fluid and a saturated porous medium, the gas bubble rising in a vertical tube filled with liquid, and fluid friction in duct flow. The review shows that good ideas spread and, at the same time the language and national preferences of the followers play a role in whether the idea creators are remembered or forgotten. The forgetting of the origin of ideas and their authors threatens to become a real problem during the digital era. This danger is exacerbated by the enormous increase in the number of publications most of which are not carefully reviewed or read.
Perioperative frailty: lessons learned and future directions.

Purpose of review As the surgical population ages, preoperative diagnosis and optimization of frailty becomes increasingly important. Various concepts are used to define frailty, and several tools have been validated for use in the perioperative period. This article reviews current conceptual frameworks of frailty, references current literature and provides a practical approach to the preoperative frailty assessment with a focus on potential interventions. Recent findings A multipronged approach toward preoperative optimization should be used in patients with frailty syndrome. Oral protein supplementation and immunonutrition therapy can reduce complications in patients with malnutrition. Initiating a preoperative physical exercise regimen may mitigate frailty. Nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce preoperative anxiety and improve mood are effective, low-cost adjuncts associated with improvement in postoperative outcomes. Engaging in shared decision making is a critical component of the preoperative evaluation of frail patients. Summary Emerging evidence suggests that frailty may be mitigated with patient-specific, multidimensional preoperative interventions, thus potentially improving postoperative outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
Macrophages in Transplantation: A Matter of Plasticity, Polarization, and Diversity.

Macrophages have emerged at the forefront of research in immunology and transplantation due to recent advances in basic science. New findings have illuminated macrophage populations not identified previously, expanded upon traditional macrophage phenotypes, and overhauled macrophage ontogeny. These advances have major implications for the field of transplant immunology. Macrophages are known to prime adaptive immune responses, perpetuate T cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection, and promote allograft fibrosis. In this review, macrophage phenotypes and their role in allograft injury of solid organ transplants will be discussed with an emphasis on kidney transplantation. Additionally, consideration will be given to the prospect of manipulating macrophage phenotypes as cell-based therapy. Innate immunity and macrophages represent important players in allograft injury and a promising target to improve transplant outcomes.
Soybean Root-Knot Nematode: A Diagnostic Guide

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most economically important plant parasites in the world, and significantly impacts soybean production in places where they are endemic. Severa...
Did Descartes make a Diagonal Argument

This paper explores the idea that Descartes’ cogito is a kind of diagonal argument. Using tools from modal logic, it reviews some historical antecedents of this idea from Slezak and Boos and culminates in an orginal result classifying the exact structure of belief frames capable of supporting diagonal arguments and our reconstruction of the cogito.