cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Precision ion beam energy measurement of a Van de Graaff accelerator using a generating voltmeter

Abstract A description is given for using a generating voltmeter to measure precisely the ion beam energy of a 2 MeV Van de Graaff accelerator. With various sources of error either eliminated or compensated, an absolute accuracy better than ±0.5 keV (±0.1% at 500 keV and ±0.025% at 2 MeV) is obtained. The various sources of error which need to be taken into account are discussed. In addition, the required circuitry is described along with final performance results.
Changes in the numbers of optic nerve fibers during late prenatal and postnatal development in the albino rat

Abstract We have estimated from electron micrographs the numbers of axons in the optic nerves of a series of albino rats at 8 different ages ranging from embryonic day (E)18 through postnatal day 28. The number of axons was found to reach a maximum of about 325,000 (324,790 ± 38,589) on E20, and to decline to about 275,000 (273,744 ± 20,973) by the day of birth. By the middle of the second postnatal week, the number was further reduced to a stable figure of just over 100,000 (105,809 ± 7,610). This represents a loss of two-thirds of the axons from the peak value at E20, and suggests that there is a comparable degree of cell death among the retinal ganglion cells. The reduction in the number of optic nerve fibers is not affected significantly by the removal of the opposite eye at birth.
ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF AGED CELLS OF EUGLENA GRANULATA1,2

SUMMARY Ultrastructure and acid phosphatase activity of aged calls of Euglena granulata are reported. Cells are spherical, quiescent, and nonflagellated. The most conspicuous attribute of aged cells is the accumulation of cyloplasmic vacuoles and lysosome-like structures containing heavily stained, pigmented bodies and membrane fragments. In chloroplasts, portions of whorled lamellae arc abscised and subsequently incorporated into lysosome-like structures; osmiophilic granules increase in number. Membranes surrounding eyespot granules disappear and the granules themselves become diffuse; the usual association with microtubules is not seen in aged cells. Acid phosphatase precipitation accumulates largely at the maturing face of dictyosomes and associated vesicles; there is also activity in multivesicular and lysosome-like vacuoles.
The shadow band phenomenon

Shadow band phenomenon observed during solar eclipses and visible only minutes preceeding and following totality
Closed form solution for minimum norm model-validating uncertainty

A methodology in which structured uncertainty models are directly constructed from measurement data for use in robust control design of multivariable systems is proposed. The formulation allows a general linear fractional transformation uncertainty structure connections with respect to a given nominal model. Existence conditions are given, and under mild assumptions, a closed-form expression for the smallest norm structured uncertainty that validates the model is given. The uncertainty bound computation is simple and Is formulated for both open and closed loop systems.
Note-On Anomalies in Dynamic Ratio Type Scheduling Rules: A Clarifying Analysis

Previous authors have shown that dynamic ratio scheduling rules do not always behave as intended. A recent proposal by Adam and Surkis Adam, N. R., J. Surkis. 1980. Priority update intervals and anomalies in dynamic ratio type job shop scheduling rules. Management Sci.26 12, December 1227-1237. to correct such anomalies is shown to be in error. The reason why such anomalies occur is clarified and a rule which prevents such anomalies is presented.
The effects of Group 11 transition metals, including gold, on ethylene binding to the ETR1 receptor and growth of Arabidopsis thaliana

It has been previously shown that Cu(I) and the ethylene response antagonist, Ag(I), support ethylene binding to exogenously expressed ETR1 ethylene receptors. Both are Group 11 transition metals that also include gold. We compared the effects of gold ions with those of Cu(I) and Ag(I) on ethylene binding in exogenously expressed ETR1 receptors and on ethylene growth responses in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. We find that gold ions also support ethylene binding but, unlike Ag(I), do not block ethylene action on plants. Instead, like Cu(I), gold ions affect seedlings independently of ethylene signaling.
Radiation dose distribution within the bone marrow of patients receiving holmium-166-labeled-phosphonate for marrow ablation.

The primary objective of this work was to estimate the absorbed dose distribution to the bone marrow of six multiple myeloma patients who received holmium‐166 (166Ho) DOTMP (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetramethylene‐phosphonic acid) for the purpose of bone marrow ablation. A methodology based on gamma cameraimages was developed to estimate the regional absorbed dose distributions delivered to the bone marrow, and this was compared with values calculated from the MIRD technique and bone marrow biopsies. The activity concentration in various skeletal regions was calculated from the activity in the region of interest (ROI) drawn on whole body gamma cameraimages, and the mass of bone in each ROI was derived from a dual x‐ray absorptiometry image. The radiation absorbed dose to the bone marrow was calculated from this activity concentration using an adaptation of Bragg–Gray cavity theory. The radiation absorbed dose delivered to the bone marrow in the six patients calculated from the MIRD ‘‘S’’ factors ranged from 15.0 to 46.3 Gy. The gamma camera measured activity concentration in skeletal regions predominantly composed of trabecular bone was approximately five to six times higher than that in cortical regions. The skeletal activity concentration in each patient ranged from highs in such regions as the ribs to lows in such regions as the shin and foot by a factor of nearly 20, producing a heterogeneous distribution of absorbed dose within the marrow. Dose volume histograms calculated for these patients indicated that 15%–20% of the marrow received an absorbed dose significantly larger than the average value, while 5%–10% of the marrow received a substantially lower dose. Weighted mean dose estimates from the regional technique were typically 30% greater than the average dose estimates calculated with the MIRD ‘‘S’’ factors. Finally, absorbed dose estimates for the marrow calculated from the regional technique correlated more closely with the clinical response of blood cells and abnormal proteins measured in bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood samples than estimates from the MIRD ‘‘S’’ factors.
Lack of intralaminar sprouting of retinal axons in monkey LGN.

Abstract In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the adult cat there is no evidence for translaminar sprouting of retinal axons to fill sites freed of retinal endings from the other eye. We tested the possibility that retinal axons will sprout to fill denervated retinal sites within laminae of the monkey LGN. In 4 monkeys, retinal ganglion cell axons from either the upper or lower half of the retina were destroyed. To maximize the potential for sprouting in the LGN, on one side of the brain the LGN cells to which the remaining retinal axons normally project were removed by ablation of the appropriate portion of the striate cortex. Three months later the eye receiving the retinal lesion was injected with [ 3 H]proline and the retinal projection to the LGN on both sides of the brain was studied using autoradiography. We found no evidence of intralaminar sprouting of retinal axons either in the normal LGN or in the LGN in which the usual targets of retinal axons had been removed.
The effects of active choice, shock duration, shock experience, and probability on the choice between immediate and delayed shock

Abstract The choice between immediate and delayed shock was investigated in three experiments with college students. Some Ss were required to choose between a longer-duration shock immediately and a shorter-duration shock later. Immediate, as opposed to delayed, choices were more frequent when: (a) Ss were required to choose the immediate or the delayed shock in contrast to other procedures in which Ss were required to choose immediate shock or passively wait for automatic shock to occur, (b) the duration of the immediate shock was reduced, (c) the S was given prior experience with shock, and (d) the probability of the immediate shock was reduced. Under some circumstances, shock delay and anxiety increased the frequency of immediate choices.
Hemorrhage control research on today's battlefield: lessons applied.

Abstract : The goal of the US military's Combat Casualty Care Research Program (CCCRP) is to reduce the mortality and morbidity resulting from injuries on the battlefield through the development of new life-saving strategies, new surgical techniques, biological and mechanical products, and the timely use of telemedicine technologies. One of the program areas in CCCRP, Advanced Capabilities for Combat Medics Research, includes basic and applied research to discover and develop new knowledge and devices that enhance combat medical personnel capabilities for triage, diagnosis, and decision-making relative to combat casualty management. Military casualties may wait for hours before definitive health care can be provided, initial treatment and subsequent evacuation occur in austere environments characterized by limited supplies and limited diagnostic and life-support equipment, and provision of acute and critical care is labor intensive and must frequently be provided by non-physician medical personnel. Thus, the primary challenge for combat casualty care research is to overcome these limitations by providing biologics, pharmaceuticals, and devices that enhance the capability of first responders to effectively treat casualties as possible.
Equidistant families of sets

Abstract A family of subsets of the set {1, 2, …, v } is called equidistant if the symmetric difference of any two distinct sets from the family has constant cardinality. Such families can be interpreted as binary equidistant codes of length v . It is known that for v ≡ 3 (mod 4), the maximum size of an equidistant code of length v is v + 1 and existence of a code of length v + 1 is equivalent to existence of a Hadamard matrix of order v + 1. We prove for any v that binary equidistant codes of size v exist if and only if there exist certain combinatorial designs. We specify these designs in case of binary equidistant codes of length v and size v having maximal distance between codewords, thereby extending results of Stinson and van Rees and van Lint.
Alcohol effects on plasma luteinizing hormone levels in menopausal women

Abstract Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined in five healthy post-menopausal adult females prior to, during, and following a period of acute alcohol intoxication. LH levels were also determined in the same women following acute administration of a nonalcoholic beverage which had identical isocaloric value of alcohol. Plasma samples were collected at 30-minute intervals from an indwelling intravenous catherer from 120 minutes prior to alcohol or isocaloric beverage administration to 300 minutes following beverage intake. All women became moderately intoxicated after acute alcohol administration and developed peak blood alcohol levels of 94 mg per dl between 60 to 90 minutes following alcohol intake. LH levels determined before administration of alcohol or isocaloric beverage were not significantly different and were within the range of normal values for healthy, post-menopausal women. No significant differences were found between LH levels following alcohol administration when compared with LH values after isocaloric beverage. These data indicate that acute alcohol intake which produces blood alcohol levels slightly below usual legal limits of intoxication does not suppress LH in post-menopausal females. Since post-menopausal females do not have significant estradiol feedback control of LH secretory activity, and since LH secretory activity in post-menopausal women (in contrast to pre-menopausal females) is more sensitive to the inhibitory actions of drugs which may affect adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways in brain, the findings obtained in this study do not support an acute alcohol effect upon hypothalamic-pituitary modulation of gonadotrophin release in humans.
Graph theoretic techniques in algebraic geometry II: construction of singular complex surfaces of the rational cohomology type of CP2

Methods of graph theory are used to obtain rational projective surfaces with only rational double points as singularities and with rational cohomology rings isomorphic to that of the complex projective plane. Uniqueness results for such cohomologyCP2's and for rational and integral homologyCP2's are given in terms of the typesAk,Dk, orEk of singularities allowed by the construction.
Unusual polyhalogenated chemical residues identified in fish tissue from the environment

Abstract A review of polyhalogenated xenobiotic chemicals identified in fish obtained from environmental sampling is presented. The review does not include chemicals routinely reported in pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl monitoring, nor chemicals studied in fish bioassay experiments.
Paget's disease of the perianal region—An aggressive disease?

Background: Perianal Paget's disease is a rare entity, often associated with internal malignancies and a poor prognosis. METHODS: A chart review of patients with perianal Paget's disease who presented consecutively to Mayo during 25 years (starting in January 1970) was made. Patients included had Paget's disease located in or around the anus (3 cm). Patients were excluded for evidence of spread of vulvaperineal lesions orpagetoidextension of a rectal adenocarcinoma. Histology slides were reviewed, and immunohistochemistry was applied to confirm diagnoses. Follow-up was updated in all patients. Recurrence and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival was compared with an age-matched population by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Thirteen patients, eight females, were diagnosed (age±standard deviation of 68.3±10.6 years). All istologic diagnoses were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining results. Mean follow-up was 6.7 years, 8.8 for living patients. One patient had associated extramammary Paget's disease (scrotum). Lesions were located randomly at the dentate line, anal verge, and/or perianal area. Four patients had associated carcinomas; none of them were visceral. Eleven patients underwent local resection, without adjuvant therapy. Almost all recurrences were treated by wider local excision. The five-year recurrence rate was 61 percent. Overall five-year and ten-year survival was 67 percent, no different from the age-matched population (P=0.546). CONCLUSIONS: These results do not reflect an aggressive nature of perianal Paget's disease, despite a high rate of local recurrence. Both primary lesions and recurrences are susceptible to treatment by wider local resection. Long-term survival is no different from that of the normal age-matched population.
Modulation by vasoactive intestinal peptide of serotonin1 receptors in the dorsal hippocampus of the rat brain: An autoradiographic study

Abstract Brain sections of 32 μm from the hippocampus were incubated with tritiated serotonin (5-HT) in the presence or absence of 10−7 M vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Sections were run for biochemical Scatchard analysis or quantitative autoradiography by means of LKB 3H-Ultrofilm. On sections from dorsal hippocampus, VIP increases the amount of 5-HT1 receptors and decreases the affinity for the ligand. Densities measurements show that this effect is located in a discrete area of the hippocampus, the dorsal subiculum. The present data suggest that some of the neurotransmitter effects of 5-HT in the central nervous system can be modulated by VIP.
What's in a name: Reflections on Ziauddin Sardar's ‘the namesake’

Abstract This paper argues that the semantic difficulties surrounding the term ‘futures’ and its many variants have significantly impacted this field's legitimacy in public policy circles, as viewed from the experiences of this author. Lacking legitimacy, it has been difficult to build the number of academic programs in the United States needed to improve the field's legitimacy, branding, and quality. In addition to issue of semantics, the field needs to improve its central messages while maintaining its core strengths; diversity of thought and commitment to future generations.
Cross-Filtered Views for Multidimensional Visual Analysis

Analysis of multidimensional data often requires careful examination of relationships across dimensions. Coordinated multiple view approaches have become commonplace in visual analysis tools because they directly support expression of complex multidimensional queries using simple interactions. However, generating such tools remains difficult because of the need to map domain-specific data structures and semantics into the idiosyncratic combinations of interdependent data and visual abstractions needed to reveal particular patterns and distributions in cross-dimensional relationships. This paper describes: 1) a method for interactively expressing sequences of multidimensional set queries by cross-filtering data values across pairs of views and 2) design strategies for constructing coordinated multiple view interfaces for cross-filtered visual analysis of multidimensional data sets. Using examples of cross-filtered visualizations of data from several different domains, we describe how cross-filtering can be modularized and reused across designs, flexibly customized with respect to data types across multiple dimensions, and incorporated into more wide-ranging multiple view designs. We also identify several important limitations of the approach. The demonstrated analytic utility of these examples suggests that cross-filtering is a suitable design pattern for instantiation in a wide variety of visual analysis tools.
Failure of self-similarity for large (Mω > ) earthquakes

We compare teleseismic P-wave records for earthquakes in the magnitude range from 6.0 to 9.5 with synthetics for a self-similar, ω^2 source model and conclude that the energy radiated by very large earthquakes (M_w > 8 1/4) is not self-similar to that radiated from smaller earthquakes (M_w < 8 1/4). Furthermore, in the period band from 2 sec to several tens of seconds, we conclude that large subduction earthquakes have an average spectral decay rate of ω^(-1.5). This spectral decay rate is consistent with a previously noted tendency of the ω^2 model to overestimate Ms for large earthquakes.
Writing IEP Goals and Objectives Reflecting an Activity-Based Approach to instruction for Young Children With Disabilities

endall is a three-year old with significant challenges including vision and hearing problems, physical disabilities, and limited formal communication. Prior to when Kendall entered preschool, an early childhood coordinator in the school district developed an IEP for Kendall based on assessment information from a standardized evaluation instrument. A group of specialists and therapists had individually conducted additional assessments with Kendall and each developed a set of objectives for her. The teacher now has all this information and is charged with the challenge of implementing Kendall's IEP which now contains nearly 40 objectives! Most of the skills identified on Kendall's IEP, such as focusing on objects, holding up her head, and making choices, are quite different than the developmental outcomes identified for other children in the class.During the teacher's preservice training, she learned about embedding skills into developmentally appropriate activities. Yet, no one ever said what to do when a ...
Organizational Responses to Members

WE USUALLY ASK how organizations affect their members when we attempt to relate social structure and personality. Instead, let us ask what effects members have on organizations. A member of an organization, as used in this paper, is a person who participates regularly in the organizational activities, has a set of rights and obligations within the organization, and has his performance rated and remunerated in some way. Members can vary in rank, power, and commitment to the organization.
Spectrum adaptive test terminal

Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) spectrum requirements call for the notching of the MUOS waveform to prevent interference with other users of the MUOS band. This function will be achieved via static host nation agreements (HNA) and dynamic scanning to discover narrowband users of the MUOS band. HNA and scanning data are used to develop a notch mask that is applied to the MUOS waveform before transmission. This paper describes the successful development of a spectrum adaptive test terminal for the MUOS program. This terminal dynamically adapts a wideband spread spectrum waveform in order to cooperatively coexist with existing radio systems. The paper addresses the characteristics of a spectrum adaptive terminal and the modifications of a COTS waveform to enable operation in a spectrum adaptive mode. The interface between the communication waveform and spectrum scanning function is explained. The scanning algorithm, including radiometric integration, noise floor contour determination, and signal detection, is described in detail. The notching algorithm, and associated scanning interface, is also described. An example of a spectrum adaptive terminal, the General Dynamics U.S. Navy Digital Modular Radio (DMR) AN/USC-61 (C) is presented. In addition, methods of reducing the effects of narrowband interference upon the wideband waveform are described.
Comprehension Skill Differences between Proficient and Less Proficient Reader in Word-to-Text Integration Processes: Implications for Interventions for Students with Reading Problem

Abstract. The findings of this paper suggest that successful reading of a text especially word-to-text integration is not always contingent upon word identification skills per se, but that skilled reading comprehension is much more complex, requiring both the coordination and the integration of other components of cognitive skills over and above single word identification. Skilled reading as indicated from the findings of this paper in the case of proficient readers compared to less proficient readers is a highly complex capability in which various cognitive and metacognitive processes are likely to be going on simultaneously in parallel during reading which less proficient readers lack. In this respect, to help facilitate learning situations that would optimally enhance students’ reading skills at the basic level of education, teachers’ understanding of the underlying cognitive processes in text comprehension would be helpful. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to highlight on the cognitive and metacognitive processes that distinguish proficient readers from less proficient readers in word-to-text integration in order to suggest educational intervention for teachers to respond to students with reading problem.
An Operation Evaluation of ADS-B and CDTI during Airport Surface and Final Approach Operations:

The availability of new technologies for both the flight deck and air traffic control facilities is creating new capabilities for enhanced aircraft operations. With the introduction of these new technologies comes a need to evaluate their effectiveness in both laboratory and operational settings. Two such technologies, Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), and Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) with and without a surface map, were demonstrated during an Operational Evaluation in the Ohio Valley. The main focus of the study was a comparison of flight crew navigational performance, traffic, and runway occupancy awareness, with and without a surface map on their CDTI displays during airport surface and final approach operations. Sixteen commercial, government, corporate, and general aviation crews participated in the evaluation, flying a variety of aircraft ranging from Boeing 727s to the Piper Aztecs. Aircraft GPS track position data, in flight observer reports, post-flight struct...
Empowering Organizational Contexts: Patterns and Predictors of Perceived Decision-Making Influence Among Staff in Nursing Homes

To examine staff members' self-perceived influence on decision making, data were collected from 498 staff in 51 nursing homes. Distinct patterns of perceived staff influence emerged for decisions related to direct resident care and those involving the personnel providing the care. Process variables, including nurse assistant involvement in shift report, frequency of unit staff meetings, and administrators' decision-making autonomy from the governing board, were significant predictors of individual and aggregate levels of perceived staff influence. Structural characteristics, including ownership type, number of beds in the facility, and number of facilities owned by the parent corporation were also related to staff's assessment of their decision-making influence.
Analytical studies of the fluorescence of samarium in calcium tungstate

Abstract A quantitative fluorimetric procedure for samarium, based upon the preparation of a slurry from calcium tungstate and a solution containing trivalent samarium, has been developed. Amounts of samarium as small as 2 μg per gram of calcium tungstate can be detected after drying and igniting the slurry. If one employs 2536-A radiation rather than 3650-A for excitation, the tungstate will fluoresce and can be used as an internal standard. The fluorescence of samarium is severely quenched by the presence of other rare earths, and this will limit the applicability of the method.
In-phase coherently coupled 2D arrays of defect cavities within a photonic crystal VCSEL

We report the first in-phase coherently coupled 2-dimensional arrays of defect cavities within a photonic crystal vertical cavity surface-emitting laser. The array elements exhibit a central on-axis intensity maximum measured in the far field.
Interaction Between Handedness and Cerebral Functional Dominance

The relationship of handedness and cerebral functional dominance in man and in other animals is reviewed. It is concluded that there is a two-way interaction between these two phenomena. Firstly, the dominant hand does not necessarily dominate all performances; the hand superiority for a given performance is determined by the degree of cerebral dominance for that particular function. Secondly, the preferred hand asserts its priority in mediating information processing.
Calling on Femininity? Gender, Call Centers, and Restructuring in the Rural American West

This research explores the geographical processes (re)shaping the call center industry in the rural American West. In light of growing public debate concerned with globalization and the “outsourcing” of information service jobs from Western,industrialized locations to ‘third world’ nations, I argue that it is also significant to document the expansion of the call center industry within the rural western United States. In this paper, I examine the economic shifts and cultural narratives circumscribing call center growth in this region. First, I consider telephones as a gendered technology. I link this analysis to the feminized construction of call center work and the gendered practices and stereotypes that work to devalue women’s labor in call centers while simultaneously constructing women as best suited for this type of employment. I then unpack the ways in which call centers in the rural American West are linked to the processes of rapid restructuring and economic transition. Locating the processes of transnational capitalism and rural restructuring within a feminist geographic perspective, I argue that the social construction of call center work concentrates women in occupations that tend to be clustered at the bottom of the occupational hierarchy in the “new information economy”.
Mercury emission from a temperate lake during autumn turnover

Abstract Lakes in temperate regions stratify during summer and winter months, creating distinct layers of water differentiated by their physical and chemical characteristics. When lakes mix in autumn and spring, mercury cycling may be affected by the chemical changes that occur during mixing. Sampling was conducted in Lake Lacawac, Eastern Pennsylvania, USA, throughout the autumn of 2007 to characterize changes in emission of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) from the lake surface and dissolved mercury profiles in the water column during mixing. Water chemistry and weather parameters were also measured, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), iron, and solar radiation which have been shown to interact with mercury species. Results indicate that emission of Hg 0 from the lake to the atmosphere during turnover was controlled both by solar radiation and by surface water mercury concentration. As autumn turnover progressed through the months of October and November, higher mercury concentration water from the hypolimnion mixed with epilimnetic water, increasing mercury concentration in epilimnetic waters. Dissolved absorbance was significantly correlated with mercury concentrations and with iron, but DOC concentrations were essentially constant throughout the study period and did not exhibit a relationship with either dissolved mercury concentrations or emission rates. Positive correlations between dissolved mercury and iron and manganese also suggest a role for these elements in mercury transport within the lake, but iron and manganese did not demonstrate a relationship with emission rates. This research indicates that consideration of seasonal processes in lakes is important when evaluating mercury cycling in aquatic systems.
High-precision absolute distance and vibration measurement with frequency scanned interferometry

We report high-precision absolute distance and vibration measurements performed with frequency scanned interferometry using a pair of single-mode optical fibers. Absolute distance was determined by counting the interference fringes produced while scanning the laser frequency. A high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer was used to determine frequency changes during scanning. Two multiple-distance-measurement analysis techniques were developed to improve distance precision and to extract the amplitude and frequency of vibrations. Under laboratory conditions, measurement precision of approximately 50 nm was achieved for absolute distances ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 m by use of the first multiple-distance-measurement technique. The second analysis technique has the capability to measure vibration frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 100 Hz with an amplitude as small as a few nanometers without a priori knowledge.
THE B7 FAMILY REVISITED

▪ Abstract The discovery of new functions for the original B7 family members, together with the identification of additional B7 and CD28 family members, have revealed new ways in which the B7:CD28 family regulates T cell activation and tolerance. B7-1/B7-2:CD28 interactions not only promote initial T cell activation but also regulate self-tolerance by supporting CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cell homeostasis. CTLA-4 can exert its inhibitory effects in both B7-1/B7-2 dependent and independent fashions. B7-1 and B7-2 can signal bidirectionally by engaging CD28 and CTLA-4 on T cells and by delivering signals into B7-expressing cells. The five new B7 family members, ICOS ligand, PD-L1 (B7-H1), PD-L2 (B7-DC), B7-H3, and B7-H4 (B7x/B7-S1) are expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells as well as on cells within nonlymphoid organs, providing new means for regulating T cell activation and tolerance in peripheral tissues. The new CD28 families members, ICOS, PD-1, and BTLA, are inducibly expressed on T cells, and...
Hepatic arterial resistance index--an indicator of diffuse liver disease in children treated with bone marrow transplantation.

Abstract Aim: To describe the relationship between the resistance index of the common hepatic artery and liver function tests in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Materials and Methods: We analysed prospectively the results of 106 Doppler ultrasound examinations of the common hepatic artery from 31 bone marrow transplant patients, 16 of whom had normal liver function. The aetiology of the liver dysfunction in the other 15 patients was veno-occlusive disease (n=7), unknown (n=3), hepatic graft-versus-host disease (n=2), hepatitis (n=2), or cholestasis (n=1). We assessed the relationships between the hepatic arterial resistance index (HART) and the results of the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transmainase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum albumin (ALB) assays and calculated HARI break-point values that might distinguish patients with liver disease from patients with the normal liver function. Results: The significant break point (P Conclusion: If below 0.55, the hepatic arterial resistance index is a non-invasive indicator of liver dysfunction in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Cytopathogenic effect of poliomyelitis viruses in vitro on, human embryonic tissues.

Summary and discussionThe experiments which have been described demonstrate the capacity of the Lansing and Brunhilde strains of poliomyelitis virus to cause cell injury and death. This cytopathogenic property is revealed (1) by degenerative changes produced in infected tissue fragments in flask cultures and apparent on histologic examination; (2) by failure of such tissue fragments to exhibit normal cell migration when explanted to plasma cultures; (3) by degeneration of newly emigrated cells in roller-tube cultures; (4) by decreased acid production by infected cells. The conclusion that certain of these manifestations of injury are induced as a result of infection by the virus is further supported by the fact that type specific immune serum prevents their development. These phenomena are of interest from two general points of view. First, they leave no doubt that poliomyelitis virus in vitro can multiply in cells other than those of the nervous system and cause profound injury of such cells. Secondly, t...
Can we find solutions with people? Participatory action research with small organic producers in Andalusia

This paper reports on an experiment linking science with people. Taking as a paradigm the holistic scientific approach fostered by agroecology, we present a methodological proposal for the implementation of participatory action research in rural areas. Our aims were various: to solve a specific problem, i.e. the exclusion of small- and medium-scale organic farmers from the official certification system; to find solutions collectively through an exchange of knowledge between researchers, technicians, producers and consumers; and to generate endogenous social change in rural areas through processes based on local skills and collective creativity. This paper examines the methods applied, and provides a participatory reflexive analysis of those methods. Both the keys to the success and the constraints are analysed, in order to conclude the contributions that agroecology and PAR processes can make to sustainable and innovative research proposals.
Classification of digital camera-models based on demosaicing artifacts

We utilize traces of demosaicing operation in digital cameras to identify the source camera-model of a digital image. To identify demosaicing artifacts associated with different camera-models, we employ two methods and define a set of image characteristics which are used as features in designing classifiers that distinguish between digital camera-models. The first method tries to estimate demosaicing parameters assuming linear model while the second one extracts periodicity features to detect simple forms of demosaicing. To determine the reliability of the designated image features in differentiating the source camera-model, we consider both images taken under similar settings at fixed sceneries and images taken under independent conditions. In order to show how to use these methods as a forensics tool, we consider several scenarios where we try to (i) determine which camera-model was used to capture a given image among three, four, and five camera-models, (ii) decide whether or not a given image was taken by a particular camera-model among very large number of camera-models (in the order of hundreds), and (iii) more reliably identify the individual camera, that captured a given image, by incorporating demosaicing artifacts with noise characteristics of the imaging sensor of the camera.
Titanium Carbide Derived Nanoporous Carbon for Energy-Related Applications

Abstract High surface area nanoporous carbon has been prepared by thermo-chemical etching of titanium carbide TiC in chlorine in the temperature range 200–1200 °C. Structural analysis showed that this carbide-derived carbon (CDC) was highly disordered at all synthesis temperatures. Higher temperature resulted in increasing ordering and formation of bent graphene sheets or thin graphitic ribbons. Soft X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy demonstrated that CDC consisted mostly of sp 2 bonded carbon. Small-angle X-ray scattering and argon sorption measurements showed that the uniform carbon-carbon distance in cubic TiC resulted in the formation of small pores with a narrow size distribution at low synthesis temperatures; synthesis temperatures above 800 °C resulted in larger pores. CDC produced at 600–800 °C show great potential for energy-related applications. Hydrogen sorption experiments at −195.8 °C and atmospheric pressure showed a maximum gravimetric capacity of ∼330 cm 3 /g (3.0 wt.%). Methane sorption at 25 °C demonstrated a maximum capacity above 46 cm 3 /g (45 vol/vol or 3.1 wt.%) at atmospheric pressure. When tested as electrodes for supercapacitors with an organic electrolyte, the hydrogen-treated CDC showed specific capacitance up to 130 F/g with no degradation after 10 000 cycles.
Planning in Brazil, India and Germany

Abstract Planning is a fundamental cognitive ability that helps in organizing and structuring eventsunfolding in a person's daily life. Two studies are presented that analyze planning behavior indifferent cultures: Brazil, India, and Germany. The first is a cross-cultural psychological studyin which students develop plans for uncertain problem scenarios. The second study followsa cultural psychological tradition. Workers from different domains are interviewed about theirlife problems and plans. The strengths and the weaknesses of both approaches becomeobvious in the description and discussion of these two studies. The cross-cultural study shedslight on cross-cultural similarities and differences in planning in Brazil, India, and Germany.The cultural psychological approach yields data regarding a theoretical model on the specificcultural influences on planning. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0License.
Response of Sea Ice to the Arctic Oscillation

Abstract Data collected by the International Arctic Buoy Programme from 1979 to 1998 are analyzed to obtain statistics of sea level pressure (SLP) and sea ice motion (SIM). The annual and seasonal mean fields agree with those obtained in previous studies of Arctic climatology. The data show a 3-hPa decrease in decadal mean SLP over the central Arctic Ocean between 1979–88 and 1989–98. This decrease in SLP drives a cyclonic trend in SIM, which resembles the structure of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Regression maps of SIM during the wintertime (January–March) AO index show 1) an increase in ice advection away from the coast of the East Siberian and Laptev Seas, which should have the effect of producing more new thin ice in the coastal flaw leads; 2) a decrease in ice advection from the western Arctic into the eastern Arctic; and 3) a slight increase in ice advection out of the Arctic through Fram Strait. Taken together, these changes suggest that at least part of the thinning of sea ice recently observed ov...
M2M: Challenges and opportunities

Summary form only given. Embedded market is growing at a very fast pace encompassing many different market segments such as health, home, industrial, smart grid, smart cities, and automotive. This emerging market is enabled by M2M, which offers rich research opportunities and challenges to be addressed for the billions of compute-capable connected devices. This talk will cover the role and importance of M2M for the embedded market including the research challenges and opportunities.
Fas activation opposes PMA-stimulated changes in the localization of PKCδ: a mechanism for reducing neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells

We have shown previously that Fas activation results in a partial reduction of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. The reduction in adhesion precedes early membrane markers of apoptosis and is not associated with any loss of membrane integrity. Rather, Fas activation reduces the PMA-stimulated expression and aggregation of beta2 integrins responsible for endothelial adhesion. A possible signaling mechanism for Fas effects on adhesion is the localization of protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta). Western blot and immunofluorescence studies indicated that 1 h of Fas activation is required to reduce PMA-stimulated translocation of PKCdelta to the membrane and adhesion. Rottlerin, a PKCdelta inhibitor, also reduced PMA-induced PKCdelta translocation and adhesion. In contrast, Go6976, an inhibitor of conventional PKC isotypes, did not affect PMA-stimulated PKCdelta translocation or reduce adhesion. There was no additive effect of Fas activation and rottlerin on reducing adhesion, suggesting that both agents were using a common pathway.
Investigating the Potential of Urban Land Uses to Support Sustainable Energy Principles Using a Spatial Analysis Model

The underpinning elements of sustainable communities are centered on economic security, renewable energy resources, reliable infrastructure, and ecological protection. The geomorphology of urban areas is altered due to human activity leading to change in land use characteristics and resources availability. Research has shown that global population has increased drastically over the last three decades resulting in depleted efficiency of regional resources. Because of this, obtaining sustainable energy platforms is a world-wide concern. In evaluating the ability of urban communities to support sustainable elements, both spatial and temporal influences must be considered. As a result a spatial analysis model will be used to assess the geomorphological and land use aspects of urban watersheds to support sustainable communities’ platform. These data will provide insight in essential components in need of environmental restoration that contribute to future renewable resources which can then be applied on a global scale.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Silicon photonics and applications in aerospace

Silicon based photonic integration technology has advanced significantly in the last several years and is now being deployed commercially in data center applications. It can bring unique opportunities for avionics systems to utilize photonics.
Nurse practitioner-patient discourse: uncovering the voice of nursing in primary care practice

This study focused on nurse practitioner-patient conversations. The purpose was to uncover a process that might contribute to understanding the positive outcomes of nurse practitioner (NP) care. Transcripts from 24 audiotaped NP-patient conversations and three NP-researcher interviews, as well as 100 hours of field notes from observations, were analyzed using a combination of discourse and ethnographic analysis.
THE SURREAL NARRATIVE: CONTEMPORARY TINTYPES AND VIDEO

This thesis is a combination of actual works of art in the tintype and video mediums and a written theoretical exploration of the theme of shadow in fairytales, myths and religious stories. The written portion begins with an overview of the central idea of transformation in both object and narrative in regards to the Jungian notion of the shadow. It also discusses the nature of the tintype process and its relation to storytelling in the context of the body of work. The written thesis continues with a narrative interpretation of the works of art and their role in the metamorphosis of story through audience interpretation. The first section begins with the notions of shadow and transformation. It describes the basic concept of the shadow self and applies that theory to the visual imagery in historical examples of stories. The next section is comprised of interpretations of individual works of art. This section encourages the view to further the interpretation through questioning the role the shadow plays in one's life. The final written section is the return to the more direct messages of the artwork and the concept of eternally changing interpretations of the world and that which we most fear. Through the transformative qualities of storytelling we can embrace what we fear and grow as humans. The last section of the thesis is images of the artwork for the viewer to interpret in relation to the written portion and the purely visual experience of the work itself. It is color digital reproductions of tintypes, a silver reversal photographic process, and digital video stills from a DVD installation.
A CASE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN A PATIENT WITH SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA

疫学的に日本住血吸虫症患者に肝細胞癌が発生することが報告されているが,実際に経験することは稀である.今回われわれは病理組織学的に日本住血吸虫の虫卵結節を確認することのできたB型C型肝炎ウイルス感染のない肝細胞癌の1例を経験した.症例は80歳,男性.右季肋部痛を主訴に近医を受診.腹部エコーで肝腫瘍を指摘され,加療目的で紹介された.精査の結果,肝内に計5個の腫瘍を認めた.肝細胞癌の診断で肝右葉切除術,ラジオ波焼灼療法を施行した.病理組織学的に腫瘍部は中分化型肝細胞癌であった.非腫瘍部は肝硬変像を呈し,グリソン鞘内の門脈枝内に多数の虫卵結節を認めた.
209 TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-2 (TLR2), BUT NOT TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4 (TLR4), IS ESSENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF OVIDUCT PATHOLOGY IN CHLAMYDIAL GENITAL TRACT INFECTION.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The overall mortality rate of primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) in recent studies is 40–50%. The aim of the present study was to analyze the predictive value of clinical and neuroradiologic parameters concerning the outcome of patients with PPH. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of 29 consecutive patients (mean age, 59 ± 13.5 years; 12 women, 17 men) with PPH. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were assessed on admission, and NIHSS, GCS, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were assessed on discharge. The hemorrhage volume was calculated by using a previously published formula. Clinical manifestations, outcome, and volume and location of the bleeding were correlated. RESULTS: The mean GCS score on admission was 6.8 ± 3.9 and increased to 9.0 ± 3.9 on discharge. The NIHSS score improved from 29.1 ± 12.5 to 12.1 ± 7.3. Nine patients (31%) died as a result of PPH after 5 ± 3 days. The mean GOS score was 3.0 ± 1.5 (3.9 ± 0.8 for patients who survived). Arterial hypertension was the most common risk factor (90%); other causes were anticoagulation therapy (7%) and amyloid angiopathy (3%). A high correlation was observed between a poor outcome (GOS score CONCLUSION: The prognosis of PPH is better than commonly expected. Most patients with moderate neurologic deficits on admission and dorsally located small hematomas are able to survive PPH with minor neurologic deficits.
Principles of revisional total knee surgery.

Abstract The techniques and principles of revisional total knee surgery are reviewed, including soft tissue management, component excision, ligament and bone augmentation, and extensor mechanism supplementation.