cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus proteins from both E1B reading frames are required for transformation of rodent cells by viral infection and DNA transfection.

Abstract To determine the requirements for the individual Ad2 E1B proteins during the transformation of rodent cells, viral mutants were constructed with genetic lesions disrupting the coding sequence of either the 175 amino acid residue (175R) or the 495 amino acid residue (495R) E1B proteins. Point mutations generating stop codons very early in the coding sequences were constructed to prevent the expression of amino-terminal protein fragments which might have biological activity. Mutant virus pm1722 contains a point mutation that terminates translation of the 175R protein after three amino acids. It was completely defective for transformation of CREF cells in virion- and DNA-mediated assays. In HeLa cells, pm1722 replicated as well as wild-type virus but produced an extreme cytopathic effect and fragmentation of host-cell DNA. Nonetheless, we provide evidence that the observed transformation defect is not due to the death of transformed cells. The mutant virus dl1520, a double mutant unable to synthesize the 495R protein, was also extremely defective for the transformation of CREF cells in virion- and viral DNA-mediated assays. This result is in contrast to studies with other Ad5 mutants with lesions in the equivalent protein. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed. Replication of d11520 in HeLa cells was significantly reduced compared to wild-type. Studies with a third mutant virus, pm2022, which contains a stop codon after the second codon of the 495R protein, suggest that very low levels of 495R protein activity are sufficient for a productive infection and significant transforming activity.
Experimental Comparison of Delayed Resonator and PD Controlled Vibration Absorbers Using Electromagnetic Actuators

The Delayed Resonator (DR) is a recent active vibration absorption technique which uses time delayed position feedback generating ideal resonance feature in a passive vibration absorber. This objective can also be achieved using proportional and derivative (PD) control as well as other more sophisticated routines such as LQR, sliding mode control. In this paper, DR technique is compared with PD, a widely adopted control strategy. Actuator dynamics is taken into account in analyzing the system. An analytical comparison is presented which is followed by an experimental validation of the findings using a single-degree-of-freedom primary structure and an absorber with electromagnetic actuator. Both analytical and experimental results show that the DR and PD implementations can be equally effective in suppressing undesired oscillations. The latter, however, requires a velocity observer, which is an additional complexity beyond the DR feedback structure.
Direct stimulatory effect of ethanol on 17 α-hydroxylase activity of rat testis interstitial cells

Abstract These studies examined the in vitro effects of ethanol on the activities of steroidogenic enzymes involved in the conversion of progesterone to testosterone in 10, 000xg supernatants of rat testis interstitial cells. 17 α-Hydroxylase activity of interstitial cells increased in direct relation to the final concentration of ethanol added (2.2 – 652 mM); however, 17, 20-lyase and 17-ketosteroid reductase activities were not affected. These studies, together with a previous study, where we showed that testosterone accumulation by intact interstitial cells was inhibited by ethanol when either progesterone or 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone (but not androstenedione) were added as exogenous substrates, suggest that ethanol, in addition to stimulating 17 α-hydroxylase activity, inhibits the normal coupling of 17, 20-lyase activity with the 17-ketosteroid reductase activity.
Process improvement: what is it, why is it important, and how is it done?

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to provide enough information so beginners can feel comfortable starting and completing a simple radiology process improvement project.CONCLUSION. Medical practices (including radiology departments) need to address outstanding quality and safety issues that threaten their patients. Addressing these issues improves patient care and operational efficiency. We provide a review of our approach to process improvement and the established improvement methods. Many organizations and companies are available to support medical practices as they enter this field.
Corin-deficient W-sh mice poorly tolerate increased cardiac afterload.

Abstract C57BL/6-Kit W-sh/W-sh mice are generally regarded as a mast cell-deficient model, as they lack the necessary kit receptor for mast cell development. Further characterization of this strain, however, indicates that C57BL/6-Kit W-sh/W-sh mice also have a disruption in the Corin gene. Corin is a transmembrane serine protease critical for processing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from pro-ANP through proteolytic cleavage. Pro-ANP is produced, stored and released by cardiac myocytes in response to atrial stretch and the stress generated by increased afterload such as increased ventricular pressure from aortic stenosis or myocardial infarction. ANP inhibits the effects of the renin-angiotensin system to preserve homeostasis under conditions of increased hemodynamic load, and changes in the level of its activating enzyme Corin have been observed during the progression to heart failure. Here, we investigate the effect of increased hemodynamic load on Corin-deficient C57BL/6-Kit W-sh/W-sh mice. Ten-week old male mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction for 8 weeks and were monitored for changes in cardiac structure and function by echocardiography. Hearts were collected 8 weeks after surgery for molecular and histological analyses. Corin-deficient C57BL/6-Kit W-sh/W-sh mice developed rapidly progressive and substantial left ventricular dilation, hypertrophy, and markedly impaired cardiac function during the 8 weeks after surgery, compared to wildtype mice. Concomitant with this we observed increased levels of ANP transcript, but a lack of prepro-ANP or pro-ANP protein in heart tissue extracted from Corin-deficient mice. Surprisingly, fibrosis was not increased in Corin-deficient mice when compared to wildtype mice. These data indicate that Corin's involvement in ANP processing is a key element in the heart's response to increased hemodynamic load. Further, C57BL/6-Kit W-sh/W-sh strain is an effective model for investigating the involvement of Corin and, conversely, a less than optimal model for investigating mast cell, and immunological, functions in certain cardiovascular pathologies.
Assessing Communicative Intents in Young Children

This longitudinal study examines the effectiveness of two different assessment methodologies, low structured observation and structured elicitation tasks, to obtain communicative intents from 35 sensorimotor children. The subjects, 9 months of age at the onset of the study, were observed under the two experimental conditions every 3 months, for a 15-month period. The results reveal differences between the two approaches that vary according to the age of the child and eliciting context. The implications of the findings are examined.
Cystine, cysteine and glutathione metabolism in normal and cystinotic fibroblasts in vitro and in cultured normal amniotic fluid cells

Abstract The intracellular concentrations of reduced cysteine and glutathione are normal in cystinotic fibroblasts, even though they contain a marked increase in cystine. Cystine accumulation is thus not attributable to an elevated concentration of cysteine with secondary cystine formation, nor can it result from a decreased concentration of reduced glutathione, which acts as a hydrogen donor in transhydrogenation reactions for maintaining intracellular cyst(e)ine in its reduced state. The rates of turnover of glutathione in cystinotic and normal fibroblasts are similar, with half-lives of about 6–8 h. The intracellular cystine pool in cystinotic cells has a half-life of approximately 6 h, indicating that while compartmentalized, it remains in a state of dynamic equilibrium with exogenous cystine. The intracellular cysteine and glutathione levels in normal amniotic fluid cells are similar to those in fibroblasts. This suggests that the metabolism of these substances is similar in both types of cells, and strengthens earlier suggestions that cultured amniotic fluid cells may be used for the prenatal diagnosis of cystinosis, as fibroblasts are now used for its diagnosis postnatally.
Coherent terahertz magneto-spectroscopy of ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gases

We study the coherent dynamics of cyclotron resonance (CR) in ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gases via time-domain terahertz magneto-spectroscopy. The CR decoherence time increases with decreasing temperature but saturates below 10 K. We observe an increase in both CR decoherence rate and CR mass when holes are created via optical pumping; the latter indicates a breakdown of Kohn's theorem due to electron-hole Coulomb interactions.
Importance of locus of help initiation and type of outcome as determinants of reactions to another's help attempt

In the present study we examined the effect on a recipient of another’s effort to provide help. Two variables, locus of responsibility for initiating a help attempt (requested, offered, and imposed) and type of outcome resulting from the help attempt (successful and not costly, and unsuccessful and costly for the help-giver), were manipulated in a 3 × 2 factorial design. Participants were asked to place themselves in the role of a hypothetical student who was confronted with a particular situation and to answer a series of questions regarding their reactions to that situation. Results indicated that the requested help condition yielded the strongest obligation to help other as well as the greatest liking for other. With regard to type of outcome, successful help produced greater obligation to help other and greater liking for other. Successful help also resulted in a greater willingness to assist other when the locus of help initiation was either offered or imposed. However, when the locus of help initiation was internal (i.e., requested), success of the outcome had no effect on willingness to assist other.
Diet, alcohol, and gout: How do we advise patients given recent developments?

The disease burden of gout remains substantial and may be increasing as a result of trends in demographics and lifestyles. Recent scientific data serve to illuminate the links between dietary and other factors and risk for gout. These lifestyle factors affect not only the risk for gout, but also are risk factors for other chronic diseases of public health importance. Accordingly, dietary and lifestyle recommendations related to gout should consider their effect on many diseases beyond gout. These recommendations should reinforce established recommendations where the influence on gout parallels the influence on other diseases, and consider modifying the recommendations where they are divergent.
PION PRODUCTION IN PION-NUCLEON COLLISIONS

The production of a single pion in pion-nucleon collisions has been studied by using the Chew-Low formalism with $p$-wave coupling. The equation for the $T$-matrix is solved by using the one-meson approximation. The solution is used to compute the cross sections for pion production and the two-meson corrections to the scattering equation of Chew and Low. The production cross sections show a peak due to overlapping final-state resonances, but have a magnitude of less than 2 mb, compared to the observed inelastic cross sections of about 20 mb (near 1 Bev). The two-meson corrections to scattering are found to be quite small.
Influence of Pretransplant Panel-Reactive Antibody on Outcomes in 8,160 Heart Transplant Recipients in Recent Era

Background Panel-reactive antibody (PRA) screening to detect HLA antibodies is an important part of evaluation for potential heart transplant recipients. We sought to determine how different levels of PRA affect outcomes in heart transplantation. Methods A retrospective cohort study of using data reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing /Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (UNOS/OPTN) registry from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2004, was performed. The association between PRA at transplant and primary end points, allograft and patient survival, as well as a secondary end point, rejection within 1 year, was analyzed. Results Pretransplant PRA was reported for 8,160 (79.4%) of the 10,279 first heart transplant recipients during the study period. Panel-reactive antibody was 0% in 6,481 (79.4%) patients (group 1), 1% to 10% in 930 (11.4%) patients (group 2), 11% to 25% in 309 (3.8%) patients (group 3), and greater than 25% in 440 (5.4%) patients (group 4). Actuarial survival was significantly different among the four groups by Kaplan–Meier method ( p p 25%) had worse survival on multivariate analysis. Patients with PRA greater than 25% confirmed by the flow cytometric technique had the worst overall survival. Rejection rate within 1 year after transplantation also significantly increased with increasing PRA. Propensity-matched patients demonstrated similar results. Conclusions This large series of patients from the United Network for Organ Sharing database has demonstrated that elevated PRA remains a significant risk factor in a recent cohort of heart transplant recipients. Patients with PRA greater than 25% are at a particularly high risk.
Double-quantum-filtered 23Na NMR study of intracellular sodium in the perfused liver

We acquired double-quantum-filtered 23Na NMR spectra from perfused liver, using a range of tau values from 0.2 to 24 ms, where tau is the separation between the first and second pi/2 pulses in the radio-frequency pulse sequence. For each tau value we compared the amplitude of the double-quantum-filtered 23Na NMR signal acquired from intracellular sodium ions when the liver was perfused with buffer containing the "shift reagent" Dy(PPP)2 to the amplitude of the total double-quantum-filtered 23Na NMR signal acquired when the liver was perfused with buffer containing no Dy(PPP)2. For tau or = 8 ms, the average ratio was significantly less than 1. These results demonstrate that double-quantum-filtered 23Na NMR signals acquired from perfused liver using short tau values arise almost exclusively from intracellular sodium ions, but double-quantum-filtered 23Na NMR signals acquired from perfused liver using long tau values contain contributions from both intracellular and extracellular sodium ions. This conclusion suggests that multiple-quantum-filtered 23Na NMR spectroscopy will be useful in studying intracellular sodium levels in the perfused liver, and possibly in the intact liver in vivo.
Factors influencing the abundance of Trioxys pallidus, a successful introduced biological control agent of walnut aphid in California.

This field study reports on factors influencing the abundance of Trioxys pallidus 35 years after its successful introduction in California, and in the presence of continued hyperparasitism and intraguild predation. The seasonal activity of Chromaphis juglandicola and T. pallidus were monitored in 2005–06 in relation to hyperparasitism and mummy predation in three orchards. Walnut aphids remained under the economic threshold in all three orchards with insecticide treatments for other pests in some cases reducing aphid populations as well. No significant density-independent or density-dependent aggregation in the risk of hyperparasitism was found at the individual tree scale, suggesting the absence of a refuge from hyperparasitism. In contrast, significant negative density-dependent aggregation in the risk of intraguild predation was found, but no density-independent aggregation, suggesting a refuge at higher mummy densities. Using a linear mixed effects model, the following factors were found to influence mummy density: aphid density from the previous sample date and intraguild predation, with the latter linked to hyperparasitism from the previous sample date through a significant interaction that appears to be mediated by current aphid density.
OA021-04. HIV-1 gp41 envelope MPER mutation altered epitope conformation in lipid and increased sensitivity to 2F5 and 4E10 neutralizing antibodies

Background The conserved membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 envelope is a target for the rare broadly neutralizing 2F5, Z13 and 4E10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, MPER antibodies are rarely found in HIV-1 infected subjects nor arise following envelope immunization. A potential strategy to elicit such antibodies more frequently is to design an envelope protein with increased exposure of the 2F5 and 4E10 mAb epitopes.
Quality and monopolistic pricing of services

Abstract Measuring the quality of a service by its duration, it is shown that demand is more responsive to price than quality, if production is relatively unresponsive to quality.
Symmetry Breaking in Boron Nitride Nanotubes

We have imaged boron nitride nanotubes with atomic scale resolution using scanning tunneling microscopy. While some nanotubes show the expected triangular lattice pattern, the majority of the nanotubes show unusual stripe patterns which break the underlying symmetry of the boron nitride lattice. We identify the origin of the symmetry breaking and demonstrate that conventional STM imaging analysis is inadequate for boron nitride nanotubes.
Testing for bivariate gumbel against bivariate new better than used in expectation

It is shown that a bivariate survival function is both New Better than Used in Expectation (NBUE) and New Worse than Used in Expectation (NWUE) if and only if it is a bivariate Gumbel distribution. Statistical procedures are then presented to test whether that, within the class of bi-variate NBUE survival functions, a survival function is a Gumbel's bivariate exponential.
mik1 and wee1 cooperate in the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc2

wee1 acts antagonistically to cdc25 in the tyrosine dephosphorylation and activation of cdc2, yet biochemical evidence suggests that wee1 is not required for tyrosine phosphorylation and its role is obscure. We show here that a related 66 kd kinase, called mik1, acts redundantly with wee1 in the negative regulation of cdc2 in S. pombe. A null allele of mik1 has no discernible phenotype, but a mik1 wee1 double mutant is hypermitotically lethal: all normal M phase checkpoints are bypassed, including the requirement for initiation of cell cycle "start," completion of S phase, and function of the cdc25+ mitotic activator. In the absence of mik1 and wee1 activity, cdc2 rapidly loses phosphate on tyrosine, both in strains undergoing mitotic lethality and in those that are viable owing to a compensating mutation within cdc2. The data suggest that mik1 and wee1 act cooperatively on cdc2, either directly as the inhibitory tyrosine kinase or as essential activators of that kinase.
Effects of anti‐transferrin receptor antibodies on growth of normal and malignant myeloid cells

The effects of three monoclonal antibodies (B3/25, 43/31, and 42/6) reactive with human transferrin (Tf) receptors on growth of normal and malignant myeloid cells were examined using in vitro culture techniques. When added directly to cultures, all three antibodies caused dose-dependent inhibition of normal granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (CFU-GM) growth. Monoclonal antibody 42/6 was by far the most potent of the three, with an ID50 of less than 5 micrograms/ml. Identical effects were seen on CFU-GM from three patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Growth of colonies from two myeloid leukemia cells lines (KG-I, HL60) was also inhibited by all three antibodies, and these cells were generally more sensitive than normal CFU-GM. Blast colony-forming cells from three patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia were relatively resistant to the antibodies, and CFU-GM from a patient with myeloid metaplasia were resistant (ID50 greater than 50 micrograms/ml) to 42/6. In liquid culture, growth of the leukemic cell lines was inhibited by saturating concentrations of the three antibodies, although in both liquid and colony culture recovery was seen even after exposure to antibody for periods of up to 72 h. Analysis of the cell-cycle status of these cells showed that the antibodies did not cause accumulation of cells in any particular phase of the cell cycle. Addition to cultures of large quantities of human Tf failed to reverse the inhibitory effects of the antibodies. Competitive binding studies on the leukemia cell lines showed that only 42/6 inhibited binding of Tf to its receptor, although all three antibodies inhibited cell growth. Addition of Fe chelate (as ferric nitriloacetic acid, FeNTA) failed to reverse the inhibitory effects of the antibodies on CFU-GM and HL60 cells, but had variable effects on KG-I cell growth. FeNTA fully reversed inhibitory effects of 42/6 on KG-I cells. We conclude that monoclonal antibodies to Tf receptors can inhibit growth of both normal and malignant myeloid cells. Overall, no selectivity for malignant vs normal cells is apparent, although malignant cells from one individual were more sensitive to colony inhibition by 43/31 monoclonal antibody than normal CFU-GM.
Has the Sahel a future

Abstract Desertification was reported in the Sahel during the higher rainfall regime of the 1950s and has become increasingly evident as human and livestock populations increase as a result of medical and veterinary care, which has created ever increasing population pressures for food, fodder, fuel, etc. The Great Drought of the mid 1960s and the ensuing lower rainfall has further aggravated the situation. With the help of NGO projects rural communities should be able to combat desertification and maintain a sustainable agriculture/livestock economy. The urban situation is undoubtedly extremely difficult if not beyond salvation. The future effects of climatic change is uncertain.
Patient Satisfaction: Why and How Patients Grade You and Your Pulmonary Practice

Patient satisfaction is an important factor for consideration in pulmonary practice management. Although evidence regarding the correlation of patient satisfaction with care quality remains mixed, there is an increasing national emphasis on the importance of patient experience in physician reimbursement, credentialing, and public opinion. The introduction of the Affordable Care Act and value-based care purchasing has tied a portion of reimbursement to patient experience surveys and other metrics related to care quality rather than quantity. Through nationally recognized assessments such as the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) surveys and easily accessible websites such as RateMD and Yelp, patient opinion of care quality is more widely available and more important to pulmonary practice than ever before. Physician credentialing may also be impacted by the American Board of Internal Medicine's Maintenance of Certification program and potential future requirements for physicians to assess the patient experience to maintain certification. In the continually evolving health-care delivery, credentialing, and reimbursement climate, a thorough understanding of the increasing importance of patient satisfaction as well as strategies for successfully approaching this issue are essential to modern pulmonary inpatient and outpatient practice management.
Vicarious Exposure to Terrorist Attacks and Substance Use: Results from an Urban Household Survey

This study investigated the impact of the 9/11 attacks on substance use in Chicago, Illinois. The study design was a cross-sectional, audio-computer-assisted self-interview survey conducted in 2001 and 2002. Biological samples were also collected for toxicological analyses. Using a multistage area probability design, residents between the ages of 18 and 40 years were randomly selected. Compared to pre-9/11 interviewees, post-9/11 interviewees showed significantly less self-reported marijuana use, marijuana use per test results, and cocaine use per test results. Law enforcement and social–structural explanations for the findings are discussed.
The ω-Loop Region of the Human Prothrombin γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid Domain Penetrates Anionic Phospholipid Membranes *

Abstract The hydrophobic ω-loop within the prothrombin γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (Gla) domain is important in membrane binding. The role of this region in membrane binding was investigated using a synthetic peptide, PT-(1–46)F4W, which includes the N-terminal 46 residues of human prothrombin with Phe-4 replaced by Trp providing a fluorescent probe. PT-(1–46)F4W and PT-(1–46) bind calcium ions and phospholipid membranes, and inhibit the prothrombinase complex. PT-(1–46)F4W, but not PT-(1–46), exhibits a blue shift (5 nm) and red-edge excitation shift (28 nm) in the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing vesicles, suggesting Trp-4 is located within the motionally restricted membrane interfacial region. PS-containing vesicles protect PT-(1–46)F4W, but not PT-(1–46), fluorescence from potassium iodide-induced quenching. Stern-Volmer analysis of the quenching of PT-(1–46)F4W in the presence and absence of 80% phosphatidylcholine/20% PS vesicles suggested that Trp-4 is positioned within the membrane and protected from aqueous quenching agents whereas Trp-41 remains solvent-accessible in the presence of PS-containing vesicles. Fluorescence quenching of membrane-bound PT-(1–46)F4W is optimal with 7- and 10-doxyl-labeled lipids, indicating that Trp-4 is inserted 5 to 7 A into the bilayer. This report demonstrates that the ω-loop region of prothrombin specifically interacts with PS-containing membranes within the interfacial membrane region.
CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSFER WITH PULSATILE FLOW IN STRAIGHT RIGID TUBES

This work is a numerical study of mass transport with laminar pulsatile flow through a straight rigid tube with no backflow. Convective oxygen transport is analyzed for a reactive fluid (blood) and nonreactive fluids. The literature contains several experimental and theoretical studies of this problem; however, the conclusions drawn from these investigations are contradictory. The results of this study can be used to explain many of these contradictions.
Another Simple and Reliable Vacuum Seal Modification for Optical Windows

Over a period of years, this laboratory has accumulated an array of cells used in laser-induced, gas-phase irradiations. We attempt to keep pace with new cells that might be useful in the area of laser-induced chemistry. As different cells are tried, some are not useful, for one reason or another. A common problem encountered with some of these cells is that they will not meet the high vacuum standards necessary for the Army's research.
Enhancing Teaching Effectiveness of Financial Accounting to Chinese Executives—A Generalized Approach with Case Study and Assessments

ABSTRACT: International executive education is becoming a material source of revenue for universities, driven primarily by increased student demand and profit‐seeking objectives. Educators who are hired to teach in specialized programs are under pressure to provide world‐class content that is practically oriented to the daily work life of the executive student. Anecdotal evidence suggests a shorter half‐life for executive educators who fail to make concise connections between practice and theory. For these reasons, the course content of a financial accounting course offering both traditional accounting theory and relevant skill development via a supplemental case tool that emphasizes financial statement analysis including (1) the ability to locate key financial information, (2) calculation of key fundamental ratios, (3) interpretation of key financial components and note disclosures, and (4) the ability to understand industry trends and norms is crucial to the provision of relevant executive education. Le...
Functional subsensitivity of α2-adrenoceptors accompanies reductions in yohimbine binding after clorgyline treatment

Abstract Treatment for 21 days but not 3 days with clorgyline, a selective monoamine oxidase type A inhibitor with antidepressant effects, causes significant escape from clonidine's normal suppressant effects on locomotion in the rat. The effect is accompanied by a 57% decrease in [3H]yohimbine binding in cerebral cortical membranes. The data support and extend prior reports of the development of subsensitivity in the inhibitory presynaptic noradrenergic system as an important component of antidepressant efficacy.
The Effects of Task Partitioning and Computer Skill on Engagement and Performance with an Adaptive, Biocybernetic System

The present study examined the effcts of computer skill and task partitioning on a tracking task using a biocybernetic, adaptive system. The tracking task was partitioned into horizontal and vertical axes, and the adaptive system allocated control of the axes between the human and the system in real time. Results showed that sharing a task with a computer with expert level skill elicits performance comparable to performing the task manually. Also, the study showed the potential improvements in system behavior by manipulating the automation switching criteria, namely increasing the range around the baseline EEG engagement mean.
Electron transfer kinetics of self-assembled ferrocene (C12)Alkanethiol monolayers on gold electrodes from 125 K to 175 K

The electron transfer kinetics of monolayers of CpFeCpCO 2 (CH 2 ) 12 SH and CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 SH co-chemisorbed on gold electrodes have been measured in 2 :1 (v :v) chloroethane/butyronitrile solvent at temperatures ranging from 125K to 175K with potential steps and cyclic voltammetry. Rate constants, k°, measured using cyclic voltammetry range from 3 x 10 -4 to 10 -1 s -1 over these temperatures ; an activation plot of log[k%k b T 1/2 ] vs. 1/T gave λ=0.89eV for the reorganization energy for the Cp 2 Fe +/0 reaction and a pre-factor of 6.5 x 10 6 eV -1+s-1 . The rate constants were obtained by comparison of experimental ΔE PEAK values with those of cyclic voltammograms digitally simulated with Marcus-DOS theory. A value of λ=0.76eV is predicted from dielectric continuum theory. The CpFeCpCO 2 (CH 2 ) 12 SH monolayers are kinetically inhomogeneous (disperse) as shown by non-linear ln[i] vs. time plots in potential step experiments. The kinetic dispersity has adverse effects on determinations of λ values from cyclic voltammetric waveshapes and from plots of potential step-derived rate constants, k pp,η'' against overpotential (η), producing depressed values for λ.
Modeling and optimization of a seeded suspension polymerization process

A mathematical model is developed and validated for a seeded suspension polymerization process that manufactures polystyrene beads starting from pretreated polyolefin seeds. For the manufacture of this specialty product, we focus on prediction of the dynamics of particle growth, polymerization rate and particle average molecular weight. Particular emphasis is placed on acquisition of reliable parameters which must be estimated from available analytical measurements of the product. A hybrid approach is proposed for parameter subset selection and estimation. Excellent agreement is obtained with experimental results for different product grades. The monomer feeding rate, which is a key controlling factor of bead properties, is determined based on the proposed model and an optimum semi-batch feeding policy is determined. This improved policy is also implemented and validated by pilot plant experiments.
Cohesion in the Narratives of Normal and Language-Disordered Children

An adaptation of Halliday and Hasan's (1976) description of cohesion in English was applied to the spoken narratives of normal and language-disordered children. Three major questions were addressed...
An evaluation for genetic variation within maize inbred lines maintained by sib-mating and self-pollination

Maintaining maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines without genetic change is an important concern of maize breeders and seed producers. Long-time inbred lines, however, have been shown to be genetically unstable, and with selection pressure acting on the resulting genetic variation, these lines have evolved into different strains. The objective of this study was to compare maintenance of line integrity under reproduction by sib-mating and self-pollination in ear-to-row progenies. Ten lines, varying from 5 to 35 generations of previous ear-to-row selfing, were maintained for 11 successive generations under each method of reproduction. Alternate generations were compared by using a randomized complete-block design with each family of lines as a separate experiment. Data were collected for 10 plant and yield traits: pollen shed and silk emergence dates, plant and ear heights, tassel branch number, kernel row number, ear length and diameter, grain yield, and 300-kernel weight. Summarizing for F-tests over all traits and experiments, 30% were significant among sib-mated generations and 56% among selfed generations. Also, overall generation means of the two methods were different for 51% of the comparisons, and the selfed lines were less vigorous for 79% of the significant comparisons. It was concluded that sib-mating lessens the effect of genetic instability and that a reproduction system of sib-mating with intermittent generations of selfing may be more beneficial than continuous ear-to-row selfing for certain lines.
Association phenomena. I. The growth of particles of silver chloride and the higher-order tyndall effect

Abstract 1. 1. Monodispcrscd silver chloride sols were prepared which were stable for various periods of time depending on the initial concentrations. 2. 2. The higher order Tyndall light given off by such silver chloride sols was investigated. 3. 3. The transmittance of silver chloride sols was studied as a function of time.
Including Physiologically Based Nonlinearity in a Cochlear Model

The outer hair cell (OHC) is known to be the main source of nonlinear activity in the cochlea. In this work, we used a one-dimensional fluid model of the cochlea coupled to a nonlinear model of the mechanical to electric coupling of the OHC and the basilar membrane (BM). The nonlinearity arises from the electromotility and the voltage-dependent stiffness of the OHC, and from the displacement dependence of the conductance of the stereocilia. We used a reciprocal nonlinear piezoelectric model of the OHC in combination with a model of stereocilia conductance depending on BM displacement (which resulted in a nonlinear circuit model). The mechanical properties of the various components of the model were motivated from physiological components of the cochlea. Simulations showed realistic gains in the activity, response saturation at high force level, and two-tone forcing generated distortion products while the shape of the filtering function was not as accurately replicated. We conclude that a cochlear model with a simple 1D fluid representation in combination with nonlinear OHC-stereocilia electromechanical response characteristic qualitatively predicts the compression property of the cochlea and can be used as a tool to investigate the relative importance of the various nonlinearities.
Learning and Remembering from Thematic Maps of Familiar Regions.

To examine how four methods of symbolizing data affect learning from thematic maps of familiar regions, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 86 college students viewed one of three types of thematic map or a control table, then read a map-related text. Recall of regions with their associated theme information was greater for those who studied a map than for those who studied a table. In Experiment 2, 83 college students viewed one of two types of thematic map for either 1 or 3 min, followed by a map-related text. Shaded-region, or choropleth maps were associated with greater recall of theme information, but longer exposure time was not. In both experiments, map-related text information was recalled more than map-unrelated text information. Choropleth maps and proportional symbol maps were associated with higher reported use of metacognitive strategies. Instructional and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Forcing with Non-wellfounded Models

We develop the machinery for performing forcing over an arbitrary (possibly non-wellfounded) model of set theory. For consistency results, this machinery is unnecessary since such results can always be legitimately obtained by assuming that the ground model is (countable) transitive. However, for establishing properties of a given (possibly non-wellfounded) model, the fully developed machinery of forcing as a means to produce new related models can be useful. We develop forcing through iterated forcing, paralleling the standard steps of presentation found in [19] and [14].
Discovering executable semantic mappings between ontologies

Creating executable semantic mappings is an important task for ontology-based information integration. Although it is argued that mapping tools may require interaction from humans (domain experts) for best accuracy, in general, automatic ontology mapping is an AI-Complete problem. Finding matchings (correspondences) between the concepts of two ontologies is the first step towards solving this problem but matchings are normally not directly executable for data exchange or query translation. This paper presents an systematic approach to combining ontology matching, object reconciliation and multi-relational data mining to find the executable mapping rules in a highly automatic manner. Our approach starts from an iterative process to search the matchings and do object reconciliation for the ontologies with data instances. Then the result of this iterative process is used for mining frequent queries. Finally the semantic mapping rules can be generated from the frequent queries. The results show our approach is highly automatic without losing much accuracy compared with human-specified mappings.
Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests of the hip: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Background Hip Physical Examination (HPE) tests have long been used to diagnose a myriad of intra-and extraarticular pathologies of the hip joint. Useful clinical utility is necessary to support diagnostic imaging and subsequent surgical decision making. Objective Summarise and evaluate the current research and utility on the diagnostic accuracy of HPE tests for the hip joint germane to sports related injuries and pathology. Methods A computer-assisted literature search of MEDLINE, CINHAL and EMBASE databases (January 1966 to January 2012) using keywords related to diagnostic accuracy of the hip joint. This systematic review with meta-analysis utilised the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the search and reporting phases of the study. Der-Simonian and Laird random effects models were used to summarise sensitivities (SN), specifi cities (SP), likelihood ratios and diagnostic OR. Results The employed search strategy revealed 25 potential articles, with 10 demonstrating high quality. Fourteen articles qualifi ed for meta-analysis. The metaanalysis demonstrated that most tests possess weak diagnostic properties with the exception of the patellarpubic percussion test, which had excellent pooled SN 95 (95% CI 92 to 97%) and good specifi city 86 (95% CI 78 to 92%). Conclusion Several studies have investigated pathology in the hip. Few of the current studies are of substantial quality to dictate clinical decision-making. Currently, only the patellar-pubic percussion test is supported by the data as a stand-alone HPE test. Further studies involving high quality designs are needed to fully assess the value of HPE tests for patients with intra- and extra-articular hip dysfunction.
Induction of Angiogenesis by Lidocaine and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor: A Model for in Vivo Retroviral-Mediated Gene Therapy

A strategy of direct,in vivoretroviral-mediated gene therapy targeting capillary endothelial cells must provide an environment of active angiogenesis. Both lidocaine and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promote angiogenesis, but the angiogenic response invoked by these substances in normal skeletal muscle has not been fully characterized. We sought to characterize these agents’ angiogenic effects in anterior tibialis muscles of male Sprague–Dawley rats. An injection of either 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or alternate-day injections of bFGF (0.025 or 0.25 μg) with or without heparin were tested (n= 6 muscles/condition). Rats were sacrificed 4, 7, 10, or 12 days later and muscles were evaluated histologically to determine the number of proliferating cells using 5-bromo-2′-deoxycytidine (BrdC) and evaluated for capillary density usingGriffonia simplicifoliaI (GSI) lectin. At all time points, lidocaine produced at least 20-fold greater capillary density and cellular proliferation than PBS control (P< 0.0001). Injections of high-dosage bFGF produced more than fivefold greater capillary density than control injections at 7 and 10 days (P< 0.001), and more than twofold greater proliferation at 4, 7, and 12 days (P< 0.001). Capillary density returned to control levels 12 days following bFGF administration, whereas it remained well above control levels for 12 days after lidocaine administration. To confirm that lidocaine can be utilized in gene therapy strategies targeting vascular endothelium and skeletal muscle fibers, concentrated pLJ retrovirus containing cDNA for the heat-stable human placental alkaline phosphatase (hpAP) marker gene was infused into the rat hindlimb vasculature 4 days post-lidocaine administration. Rats receiving pLJhpAP retrovirus demonstrated significant hpAP transgene expression in endothelial cells and myocytes 21 days after the lidocaine injection (n= 6 muscles). In contrast, controls receiving pLJhpAP infusion without prior lidocaine administration failed to demonstrate any hpAP transgene expression. Lidocaine treatment evokes a substantially higher proliferative response than bFGF and, importantly, a durable angiogenic response in skeletal muscle. Thus, lidocaine is an ideal agent to induce angiogenesis in preparation for directin vivoretroviral-mediated gene therapy targeting vascular endothelium.
An IL-4 receptor region containing an insulin receptor motif is important for IL-4-mediated IRS-1 phosphorylation and cell growth

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) treatment of 32D cells overexpressing insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) causes prompt tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Transfection of truncation mutants of the human IL-4 (huIL-4) receptor into 32D-IRS-1 cells demonstrated that the region from amino acid 437-557 is important for IL-4 signaling. This region of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) contains the motif 488PL-X4-NPXYXSXSD502 (insulin/IL-4R [I4R]) found in the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors. Mutation of Y497 to F yielded receptors that caused little or no IRS-1 phosphorylation in response to huIL-4 when expressed in 32D-IRS-1 cells. Most cell lines expressing Y497F also failed to proliferate in response to huIL-4. Furthermore, a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein containing the I4R motif-bound IRS-1, tyrosine kinase(s), and other unidentified phosphoproteins with molecular sizes of 140, 80, and 55 kd. Thus, the central tyrosine of the I4R motif has a major role in IL-4-mediated signal transduction in 32D cells.
Kinetic and structural studies, origins of selectivity, and interfacial charge transfer in the artificial photosynthesis of CO

The effective design of an artificial photosynthetic system entails the optimization of several important interactions. Herein we report stopped-flow UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallographic, density functional theory (DFT), and electrochemical kinetic studies of the Re(bipy-tBu)(CO)3(L) catalyst for the reduction of CO2 to CO. A remarkable selectivity for CO2 over H+ was observed by stopped-flow UV-vis spectroscopy of [Re(bipy-tBu)(CO)3]-1. The reaction with CO2 is about 25 times faster than the reaction with water or methanol at the same concentrations. X-ray crystallography and DFT studies of the doubly reduced anionic species suggest that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) has mixed metal-ligand character rather than being purely doubly occupied , which is believed to determine selectivity by favoring CO2 (σ + π) over H+ (σ only) binding. Electrocatalytic studies performed with the addition of Bronsted acids reveal a primary H/D kinetic isotope effect, indicating that transfer of protons to Re -CO2 is involved in the rate limiting step. Lastly, the effects of electrode surface modification on interfacial electron transfer between a semiconductor and catalyst were investigated and found to affect the observed current densities for catalysis more than threefold, indicating that the properties of the electrode surface need to be addressed when developing a homogeneous artificial photosynthetic system.
High-speed navigation using the global dynamic window approach

Many applications in mobile robotics require the safe execution of a collision-free motion to a goal position. Planning approaches are well suited for achieving a goal position in known static environments, while real-time obstacle avoidance methods allow reactive motion behavior in dynamic and unknown environments. This paper proposes the global dynamic window approach as a generalization of the dynamic window approach. It combines methods from motion planning and real-time obstacle avoidance to result in a framework that allows robust execution of high-velocity, goal-directed reactive motion for a mobile robot in unknown and dynamic environments. The global dynamic window approach is applicable to nonholonomic and holonomic mobile robots.
What to Do When Protocols Fail

Though advances in medical science have created improved therapies, often these are not widely provided throughout the health-care system. Also, there is growing recognition of the lack of safety in health-care delivery. The development of evidence-based, best practice, national guidelines has been encouraged to reduce unnecessary variation in care and for improving quality. Adoption of guidelines through local protocols has been disappointingly slow. This paper explores the parallel developments in safety and quality-of-care assessment, evidence-based medicine, guideline creation, and how development of national and international quality-improvement campaigns are promoting rapid change in care delivery processes. I discuss how this new opportunity can improve the quality of respiratory care and enhance the adoption of respiratory care protocols.