cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Implantation to Improve Electron Channel Mobility in 4H-SiC MOSFET

Normally off 4H-SiC MOSFET devices have been fabricated on a p-type semiconductor and electrically characterized at different temperatures. A gate oxide obtained by nitrogen ion implantation performed before the thermal oxidation of SiC has been implemented in n-channel MOSFET technology. Two samples with a nitrogen concentration at the SiO2/SiC interface of 5 X 1018 and 1.5 X 1019 cm-3 and one unimplanted sample have been manufactured. The sample with the highest N concentration at the interface presents the highest channel mobility and the lowest threshold voltage. For increasing temperature, in all the samples, the threshold voltage decreases, and the electron channel mobility increases. The latter case attains a maximum value of about 40 cm2/V ldr s at 200degC for the sample with the highest N concentration. These trends are explained by the reduction of interface electron traps in the upper half of the band gap toward the conduction band edge. These results demonstrate that N implantation can be effectively used to improve the electrical performances of an n-type surface channel 4H-SiC MOSFET.
La Nouvelle Vague: Epiphanies, Encounters, Events

A recent collection of essays,Feminist Perspectives on Law and Theory,is here taken as the starting point for an analysis of the political trajectory of feminist jurisprudence. The ‘new wave’ of feminism borrows much of its inspiration from continental theory – from Derrida, Deleuze and Irigaray – and has been subject to criticism for its attention to language and its turn towards culture and aesthetics. Reviewing the materialist bases of the new wave, and particularly its concern with the immediacies of the body and events, it is argued here that it represents a return to the radicalism of feminist legal theory.
Some applications of isotope geochemistry for determining sources of stray carbon dioxide gas

High concentrations of stray carbon dioxide in buildings are an emerging environmental hazard in some areas of the Appalachian coalfields. In western Pennsylvania, potentially lethal concentrations of CO2 (25%) and low volumes of O2 (10%) have caused several private homes to become uninhabitable. The CO2 is primarily anthropogenic, although the specific source is commonly uncertain. Carbon isotope geochemistry provides the most useful technique for identifying the specific gas source.Carbon dioxide derived from organic substrates by microbial activity is enriched in 12C, whereas CO2 derived from carbonate materials is enriched in 13C. The activity of 14C can support the identification of geologically recent microbial gas generation. Ground-water chemistry can support interpretations of an inorganic CO2 source based on stable-isotope data. Case studies from western Pennsylvania demonstrate the utility of isotopic analyses in identifying specific sources of stray CO2 in buildings.
SIRT1 represses estrogen-signaling, ligand-independent ERα-mediated transcription, and cell proliferation in estrogen-responsive breast cells

In prostate and breast cancer, the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor (ER) mediate induction of androgen- and estrogen-responsive genes respectively and stimulate cell proliferation in response to the binding of their cognate steroid hormones. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase that has been linked to gene silencing, control of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and energy homeostasis. In prostate cancer, SIRT1 is required for androgen antagonist-mediated transcriptional repression and growth suppression of prostate cancer cells. Whether SIRT1 plays a similar role in the actions of estrogen or antagonists had not been determined. We report here that SIRT1 represses the transcriptional and proliferative response of breast cancer cells to estrogens, and this repression is ERα dependent. Inhibition of SIRT1 activity results in the phosphorylation of ERα in an AKT-dependent manner, and this activation requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity. Phosphorylated ERα subsequently accumulates in the nucleus, where ERα binds DNA ER-responsive elements and activates transcription of estrogen-responsive genes. This ER-dependent transcriptional activation augments estrogen-induced signaling, but also activates ER signaling in the absence of estrogen, thus defining a novel and unexpected mechanism of ligand-independent ERα-mediated activation and target gene transcription. Like ligand-dependent activation of ERα, SIRT1 inhibition-mediated ERα activation in the absence of estrogen also results in breast cancer cell proliferation. Together, these data demonstrate that SIRT1 regulates the most important cell signaling pathway for the growth of breast cancer cells, both in the presence and the absence of estrogen.
National Images as Integrated Schemas: Subliminal Primes of Image Attributes Shape Foreign Policy Preferences

International Image Theory (IIT) suggests that individuals maintain holistic images of other countries that are akin to schemas, or stereotypes, and that these national images shape both attitudes and foreign policy preferences. Previous research has manipulated national images via explicit descriptions of fictitious countries and found initial evidence for such effects. Here we extend this research and investigate whether (1) priming subliminal associations of a real country with image-specific adjectives leads individuals to endorse such an image for that country, and whether (2) the endorsement of national images mediates observed effects on foreign policy preferences. We first demonstrate that the perception of a nation's power can be experimentally manipulated via associative implicit priming (pilot study). In Experiment 1, we then found that participants who were subliminally primed with adjectives pertinent to the ally, enemy, or dependent image of a country evaluated the country on the National Image scale (Alexander, Brewer, & Hermann, 1999) in a manner consistent with the prime. Experiment 2 further showed that induced national images mediate priming effects on foreign policy preferences.
Orientation of rf-sputter-deposited MoS2 films

A theory to predict the orientation of radio-frequency (rf) sputter-deposited MoS2 films with respect to the substrate surface is presented. Oxygen-containing species such as H2O and -OH are postulated to be active sites that force crystallites to form with their basal planes perpendicular to the surface. X-ray diffraction is used to determine the crystallite orientation in films deposited on smooth, rough, or oxidized Si surfaces, as well as on fused silica or gold surfaces. The results support the theory. To produce MoS2 films with their crystallite basal planes parallel to a substrate surface (which has been suggested to be the low friction orientation), the active sites must be removed from the substrate by, for instance, heating in vacuum.
A Core-Periphery GIS Model of the Historical Growth and Spread of Islam in China

AbstractThis study presents the methodology and results of a core-periphery GIS model of the historical growth and spread of Islam in China based on a dataset of 1,774 mosques. These sites were organized into data subsets according to their founding dates during five major dynastic periods in Chinese history: Tang/Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Republican. Core areas were identified and mapped based on where mosques clustered during each period. North China was the paramount core region in all periods. Not until the late Qing and Republican periods did the Northwest and Yunnan compare with North China, while coastal China never developed into a core area.
The Correlation of Stress-State and Nano-Mechanical Properties in Au

A dependence of elastic response on the stress-state of a thin-film has been demonstrated using the interfacial force microscope (IFM). Indentation response was measured as a function of the applied biaxial stress-state for 100 nm thick Au films. An increase in measured elastic modulus with applied compressive stress, and a decrease with applied tensile stress was observed. Measurements of elastic modulus before and after applying stress were identical indicating that the observed change in response is not due to a permanent change in film properties.
At Issue

In this installment of At Issue, two of CiSE's editorial board members describe the magazine's current and future Web presence. We start with Bill Feiereisen's discussion of science on the Web and what it could mean for CiSE ("Are We There Yet?") and end with George Thiruvathukal's discussion of the challenges therein ("If We Build It, Will They Come?"). CiSE's official homepage is www.computer.org/cise; we gladly welcome comments with suggestions or feedback. You can contact lead editor (Jenny Stout; jstout@computer.org) or write to either Bill or George (their email addresses appear at the end of their respective essays).
Oxygen K Emission Studies with a 5M Grating Spectrograph

Although there exists a number of different instrumental arrangements for obtaining useful O, N, and C K emission data, high resolution-photon excitation of substances appears to be a particularly promising method for studying the valence electronic structures of molecules containing the above elements. The interest in this study is the electronic structure of carbon-oxygen bond in urea, some selected quinones and salts of carboxylic acids, and squaric acid. These substances represent a progression of complexity, namely, (1) urea has a single C=0 bond, (2) quinones have two C=0 bonds where the ortho vs. para problem is of interest, (3) a carboxolate anion has two O atoms on a single C, and the interest is in distinguishing between mono and polycarboxylate ions as well as seeing evidence of quadruple bonding in Mo2(O2CCH3)4. These substances have received experimental and theoretical attention.
Aero-Performance Efficient Noise Suppression of a Supersonic Model Twin Jet Nacelle

This paper summarizes on-going experimental research associated with efforts to achieve aero-performance efficient noise reduction of supersonic jet mixing and shock noise for military style supersonic nozzle exhausts. The baseline supersonic nozzle under investigation is one that is designed with a sharp throat radius of curvature and conical convergent and divergent sections with flat seals. Relevant baseline geometries are defined by the supersonic nozzle exhaust ducts on the F101, F110, F414, and F119 engines. Acoustic suppression technology being investigated utilizes corrugated surface topology for the divergent section of a supersonic nozzle, divergent sections with bevelled exhaust, and high pressure water drop injection from the nozzle nacelle trailing edge. Acoustic measurements were acquired for a small scale model, nominally 10 % scale, supersonic nozzle with baseline and suppressed configurations. These nozzles have a nominal exhaust diameter of 5 cm. The suppression concepts are all aero-performance efficient designs that achieve substantial jet mixing noise reduction and elimination of shock generated noise. In the current round of testing, a twin jet nozzle nacelle was designed and fabricated. The twin jet model scale experimental measurements have indicated that corrugated divergent surface topology can suppress mixing noise by 4 dB relative to the baseline and completely eliminate shock generated noise. The reduction in jet mixing noise improves to 5.5 to 6 dB when bypass flow is ported through the interior of the corrugated seal.
Substitutional and Essential Authority

The article discusses a moral and philosophical view of the limits and the need for managerial authority. The formal (an intrinsic right to direct or command), contractual (source of authority come...
Reversible Adhesion with Polyelectrolyte Brushes Tailored via the Uptake and Release of Trivalent Lanthanum Ions

Applications of end-tethered polyelectrolyte “brushes” to modify solid surfaces have been developed and studied for their colloidal stabilization and high lubrication properties. Current efforts have expanded into biological realms and stimuli-responsive materials. Our work explores responsive and reversible aspects of polyelectrolyte brush behavior when polyelectrolyte chains interact with oppositely charged multivalent ions and complexes, which act as counterions. There is a significant void in the polyelectrolyte literature regarding interactions with multivalent species. This paper demonstrates that interactions between solid surfaces bearing negatively charged polyelectrolyte brushes are highly sensitive to the presence of trivalent lanthanum, La3+. Lanthanum cations have unique interactions with polyelectrolyte chains, in part due to their small size and hydration radius which results in a high local charge density. Using La3+ in conjunction with the surface forces apparatus (SFA), adhesion has been...
Unique requirements for social science human subjects research within the United States Department of Defense

Although most researchers are familiar with the application of the Common Rule in research, fewer are aware of specific requirements and restrictions for conducting human subjects research when employees of the US Department of Defense (DoD) will be participants. Because of the additional regulations concerning DoD employees as participants, federal regulations and research policies require researchers to submit their human subjects research proposals through a DoD review process to ensure compliance with DoD research policies, regardless of a non-DoD IRB’s approval. These research policies recognize the vulnerability of military subjects within a hierarchical organization to potential coercion and abuse during research studies. This article describes some of the unique requirements to conduct human subjects research within the DoD (in which the participants are military or civilian). The article concludes with steps researchers can follow to facilitate the DoD review process for research, and timely rese...
Non-fermentative bacteria causing infection in pediatrics with ventilator-associated pneumonia

OBJECTIVE To study the distribution of the non-fermentative bacteria infection in pediatrics with ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) and analyze antimicrobial resistance,and to provide reference for clinical treatment.METHODS Among 68 pediatrics with VAP in intensive care unit in hospital,the lower respiratory tract secretions were cultured and analyzed.RESULTS Among 81 strains of isolated pathogens in 68 patients,the Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69 strains(85.2%).Of which,50 strains(61.7%) were non-fermentative bacteria.The predominant non-fermentative bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii(62.0%),Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(20.0%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(6.0%),Chrysebacterium meningosepticum(6.0%) and Acinetobacter lwoffi(6.0%).Different non-fermenting bacteria to antimicrobial resistance rates vary widely(0-100%).The resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam,ciprofloxacin were less than 10.0%.CONCLUSION Non-fermenting bacteria are predominant pathogens causing ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) in pediatrics.Piperacillin/tazobactam can be used as the initial empirical therapy for pediatrics with VAP.
Platform design and test analysis for UAV flight inspection and testing

In this paper, A test bench system used in the test of UAV is put forward. The system is consisted of four parts which includes bearing part of UAV, ground support position, transmission mechanism and measuring weight parts. Bearing part of UAV is used for placing the object to be measured which is connected to one end of the drive mechanism through the connecting shaft, The other end of the drive mechanism is provided with a measuring weight part which is provided with a mass block, the drive mechanism is provided with a ground support seat. 3D model of all parts are built by proe, the virtual prototype and simulation model are established by ADAMS, the kinematics simulation is carried out, and the movement characteristics of each part are analyzed, and the simulation test results of the trajectory and the displacement curve are obtained. machining prototype is machined, result is got through experimental and theoretical data collation, which is accordant with theoretical analysis.
'Foreword,' to Rafael Domingo, God and the Secular Legal System

This brief Foreword evaluates the innovative new theory of law, religion, and state by Catholic jurist, Rafael Domingo, and shows some of its antecedents in the natural law theory of Dutch Protestant jurist, Hugo Grotius.
Finance Managers' Propensity To Save

This paper presents a model of government saving in order to examine several questions regarding the personal and professional saving preferences or inclinations of a national sample of local government finance managers. First, is personal propensity to save related to a preference for local government saving? Second, is personal propensity to spend related to the finance managers' opinions about their local government's spending? Third, what are the determinants of finance managers' propensity to save or spend, both personally and for their local government? Results confirm that finance managers have a personal propensity to save and a positive view toward local government saving. The opposite, propensity to spend, is also influenced by personal preference. Determinants of these behaviors are explored.
Dimensionality of Reading Skills With Elementary-School-Age Children

ABSTRACTConfirmatory factor analyses of data from 1,501 kindergarten to 5th-grade children who completed 3 measures of decoding, 3 measures of reading comprehension, and 3 measures of listening comprehension as part of a larger study were used to identify the dimensionality of reading skills across elementary school. A 1-factor (reading) model was the best fitting model for the reading measures for kindergarten through 2nd grade, and a 2-factor (decoding, reading comprehension) model was the best fitting model for 3rd through 5th grade. Structural analyses revealed little evidence that any of the reading-comprehension measures were more or less associated with either listening comprehension or decoding than the other reading-comprehension measures, indicating that each measure assessed the same underlying construct. These results support a developmental pattern for the emergence of decoding and reading comprehension as distinctly measurable constructs, with a distinct reading comprehension construct not e...
Adapting an agent-based model of socio-technical systems to analyze security failures

An agent-based model of a socio-technical system is built by modifying the components of an existing model from a different domain. This includes adapting an agent decision-making and communication model, a task workflow model, and a performance model. The goal is to enable the modeling of scenarios related to critical infrastructure system failures for use in computer security simulations. This scenario models the non-intentional complex system failure which resulted in the 2003 Northeast Blackout, focusing on the people, tools, and organizations involved. The adapted model formalizes and explains the Blackout's causes, and transforms them into a security scenario. An agent-based framework allows us to implement the model and perform multiple iterations of the simulation. We study features of the output, and conduct experiments adjusting the assignment of tasks to increase the system's robustness to failure.
Distance and temperature dependent plasmon-enhanced carrier generation and diffusion in InAs/InGaAs/GaAs near-infrared photodetectors

Compared to the highly sensitive silicon based affordable visible light detectors, infrared photodetectors require significant improvement. Localized surface plasmon resonances of metal nanoparticles can be utilized for increasing the absorption efficiency of semiconductors suited for detection of infrared radiation. In this work, plasmonic gold nanorods (AuNRs) are used to enhance generation of charge carriers and photon emission by InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots-in-a-well semiconductor heterostructures. Comparison of measured and calculated scattering spectra reveals that the AuNRs on GaAs exhibit red to green colors depending on their proximity to the GaAs surface. On the other hand, theoretical and experimental near-field optical characterization show that the electric field is tightly localized at the AuNR-GaAs interfacial regions, creating a convenient platform for investigating localized carrier generation and diffusion by monitoring the emission of InAs QDs. The carrier generation and photon emission enhancement is studied as a function of the GaAs thickness (distance) and temperature. Analysis of the QD emission enhancement as a function of distance reveals a Forster radius of 3.85 ± 0.15 nm, a near-field decay length of 4.8 ± 0.1 nm and an effective carrier diffusion length of 64.0 ± 3.0 nm. These distance parameters indicate two emission enhancement mechanisms: plasmon enhanced carrier generation inside the GaAs layer and diffusion to the InAs QDs, and direct near-field excitation of the InAs/InGaAs quantum well. The emission enhancement increases with temperature, confirming the importance of charge carrier diffusion from the GaAs to the InAs QDs, where recombination and photon emission takes place.
Extraversion as a Moderator of Resilience Factors in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to replicate and expand findings from a prior study that examined whether extraversion moderates the beneficial effects of resilience factors of social support and emotional openness among sexual minorities. We recruited 389 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Participants completed a series of measures on extraversion, social support, emotional openness, and depression online. Among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with extraversion, social support, and emotional openness; extraversion did not moderate the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms. When isolating the sample of lesbian and bisexual women, extraversion did not moderate the relationship between emotional openness and depressive symptoms. Conversely, when isolating the sample of gay and bisexual men, extraversion moderated the relationship between emotional openness and depressive symptoms, such that emotional openness was associated with fewer d...
First Over There: The Attack on Cantigny, America's First Battle of World War I. By Matthew J. Davenport. (New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books, 2015. Pp. xviii, 360. $28.99.)

Throughout the past century, readers interested in the Battle of Cantigny, the first significant American attack of the Great War, have been well served by memoirists, official historians, and prof...
Saint Peter as ‘Sympresbyteros’: Mimetic Desire, Discipleship, and Education

Aristotle considered μίμησις/mimēsis (“imitation”) to be innate in humanity from childhood, pedagogical in nature, and that humans are the most mimetic species (Poet. 4.5–8). This essay investigates the relationship between Christian discipleship and education through the lens of Rene Girard’s “mimetic desire,” and how 1 Pet 5:1–5 (especially the hapax legomenon συμπρeσβύτeρος/sympresbyteros) can be informed by this pedagogical concept. Going beyond mere mimēsis and the imitation of surface-level actions, “mimetic desire” explores how modeled behaviors and desires – whether positive or negative – affect the desires and motivations of others. This is important for ministry as pastors/Christian educators should faithfully model the gospel externally and internally, so their congregants/students may learn to live as good citizens worthy of the gospel of Christ (Phil 1:27).
Stability and performance robustness of ℓ 1 systems with structured norm-bounded uncertainty

An overview of recent advances in the robustness techniques in the l1 setting are discussed. In particular, results on the stability and performance robustness of multivariable systems in the presence of norm-bounded structured perturbations are presented. For robustness analysis, the computation of nonconservative conditions will be highlighted as one of the most attractive features of this approach. In addition, a useful iteration technique for robustness synthesis is presented. Finally, extension of the robustness techniques to the time-varying case is outlined and then used to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the robustness of sampled-data systems in the presence of structured uncertainty.
Photofunctionalization of Materials to Promote Protein and Cell Interactions for Tissue-Engineering Applications

Photofunctionalization has been utilized extensively for cell and tissue-engineering research, most commonly in the form of photopolymerization and photografting. Photopolymerization can be performed in vivo, in a minimally invasive manner, and with spatial and temporal control permitting the fabrication of complex scaffolds. A number of natural as well as synthetic polymers have been photofunctionalized to engineer tissues such as bone, cartilage, and skin. In this chapter, we describe the basic mechanism of photofunctionalization and different photoinitiators utilized in the biomedical field. The chapter also focuses on the different photofunctionalization strategies including photopolymerization, photografting, and some advanced techniques, and how these techniques have been explored to study cell, protein, and scaffold interactions. Some of the applications of photofunctionalization in the field of neural, bone, and cartilage tissue engineering are also discussed.
Reduced-dose computed tomography to detect dorsal screw protrusion after distal radius volar plating

Background: Tenosynovitis and tendon rupture caused by screw penetration of the dorsal cortex are common complications after fixed-angle volar plating of a distal radius fracture. Detecting screw prominence with plain radiography is difficult due to the topography of the distal radius dorsal cortex. Computed tomography (CT) offers more detailed imaging of the bone topography, but is associated with radiation exposure. The present cadaveric study compared reduced-dose and standard-dose CT protocols in the detection of dorsal screw protrusion after fixed-angle volar plating of distal radius fracture. If found equivalent, a reduced-dose protocol could decrease the total radiation exposure to patients. Methods: Standard size distal radius volar locking plates were placed using a standard Henry approach in 3 matched pairs of cadaver wrists. A total of 3 distal locking screws were placed at 3 different lengths for a total of 3 rounds of CT scans per wrist pair. Each wrist pair was imaged by CT using standard-dose and reduced-dose protocols. Dorsal screw penetration was measured in each imaging protocol by 3 radiologists at two time periods to calculate inter- and intra-observer variability. Variability was calculated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Bland-Altman plots were used and assessed 95% limits of agreement. Results: Intra- and inter-observer variabilities, either with the reduced-dose or standard-dose protocol, were >0.85. Pairwise CCC, ICC, and PCC were >0.91. In the comparison of reduced dose versus standard dose between radiologists, correlations were always >0.95. Conclusions: Comparison of a reduced-dose CT protocol and a standard-dose CT protocol for the detection of dorsal penetrating screws after fixed-angle volar plating showed >0.95 correlation in this cadaveric model. A reduced-dose CT protocol is equivalent to a standard dose CT protocol for orthopedic imaging and should reduce radiation exposure.
Hyperthermic pleural lavage for pleural metastasis.

e14569Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hyperthermic pleural lavage (HTPL) with cisplatin in patients who had undergone cytoreductive surgery pleurectomy/decortication (PD) for iso...
Low-Cost Diaper Wetness Detection Using Hydrogel-Based RFID Tags

There is an opportunity to utilize wearable, consumer-oriented sensors for self-health monitoring and preventative medicine. Disposable diaper with built-in lowcost, disposable moisture sensors is one such product. Diaper users include infants, elderly, disabled individuals, and hospital patients. Event-based alerting can enhance care of this population by improving incontinencemanagement, preventing rashes and infections, and avoiding embarrassment. Collected data can be used to optimize change intervals, thereby reducingwaste and expense. In this article,we realize a novel disposable sensor for moisture detection leveraging the material properties of the water absorbing polymer gel common to most diapers. We demonstrate a functional UHF RFID moisture monitor based on hydrogel sensing and propose a hybrid sensor design utilizing metal and hydrogel optimized for a specific diaper geometry. The proposed sensor design achieves a 1-meter read range, a bend radius of < 20mm, is insensitive to sensor orientation relative to the reader, and is lower-cost than sensors with metallic antennas. We detail design considerations for integration with manufacturing processes and conclude by exploring possible future applications enabled by hydrogel sensing.
Summing Up Volume #40, Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of Issues in Mental Health Nursing, and Looking Ahead to 2020

All too quickly, the end of the 40th year of Issues in Mental Health Nursing’s publication approaches. This year has been notable for an increase in submissions, approaching 400 as I write. Also no...
"I'd Have to Basically Be on My Deathbed": Heart Failure Patients' Perceptions of and Preferences for Palliative Care.

Objectives: To identify patient perceptions of how and when palliative care (PC) could complement usual heart failure (HF) management. Background: Despite guidelines calling for the integration of PC into the management of HF, PC services remain underutilized by this population. Patient preferences regarding delivery of and triggers for PC are unknown. Setting/subjects: Individuals with New York Heart Association Class II-IV disease were recruited from inpatient and outpatient settings at an academic quaternary care hospital. Measurements: Participants completed semistructured interviews discussing perceptions, knowledge, and preferences regarding PC. They also addressed barriers and facilitators to PC delivery. Two investigators independently analyzed data using template analysis. Results: We interviewed 27 adults with HF (mean age 63, 85% white, 63% male, 30% Class II, 48% Class III, and 22% Class IV). Participants frequently conflated PC with hospice; once corrected, they expressed variable preferences for primary versus specialist services. Proponents of primary PC cited continuity in care, HF-specific expertise, convenience, and cost, whereas advocates for specialist care highlighted expertise in symptom management and caregiver support, reduced time constraints, and a comprehensive approach to care. Triggers for specialist PC focused on late-stage manifestations of disease such as loss of independence and absence of disease-directed therapies. Conclusions: Patients with HF demonstrated variable conceptions of PC and its relevance to their disease management. Although preferences for delivery model were based on a variety of logistical and relational factors, triggers for initiation remained focused on late-stage disease, suggesting that patients with HF may misconceive PC is an option of last resort.
Countering Violence Against Women by Encouraging Disclosure: A Mass Media Experiment in Rural Uganda:

Violence against women (VAW) is widespread in East Africa, with almost half of married women experiencing physical abuse. Those seeking to address this issue confront two challenges: some forms of ...
Changing paradigm in advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Approximately 18% of all deaths related to cancer are associated with lung cancer. Management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been changing rapidly in last few years. For patients with unresectable non-metastatic disease, maintenance durvalumab is now given after offering chemo-radiation concurrently based on the result from the PACIFIC trial. Management of metastatic disease greatly depends on the status of sensitizing driver mutation and PD-L1 level of the tumor cells. In this review article, we will summarize the outcome of various clinical trials and will provide the most up-to-date information on the management of patients with advanced and metastatic NSCLC.
63 – Factorization Method

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the factorization method applicable to eigenvalue/eigenfunction problems for homogeneous second-order ordinary differential equations. The method yields an equation from which a single eigenfunction can be used to calculate additional eigenfunctions. By “factoring” an ordinary differential equation into a certain form, a ladder of eigenfunctions may be formed. The chapter considers a linear second-order ordinary differential equation d2y/dx2 + r(x, m)y + λy = 0, where m is an integer, for which it is required to determine the eigenfunctions {y} corresponding to a single value of the eigenvalue λ. The eigenfunction is denoted by y(λ, m) and the x dependence is suppressed. The equation d2y/dx2 + r(x, m)y + λy = 0 is said to be factorizable if it is equivalent to each of H+m+1 H−m+1y (λ, m) = L(λ, m+1) y (λ, m); and H−mH+m y(λ, m = L(λ, m)y (λ, m), where L(λ, m) is a function and the H±m are differential operators.
The Restructuring of Danfurn Llc

"This case is taught at the University of Virginia McIntire School of Commerce in the fourth year course, ""Corporate Restructuring."" The case is suitable for advanced undergraduates or MBS students that have already completed a course in corporate finance or valuation. The material would fit well in a second Corporate Finance class, particularly if the instructor would like to devote some time to discussing financial distress and restructuring. It could also work well in a business reorganization class at a law school. Danfurn LLC is a U.S. manufacturer and retailer of high-end furniture that is in financial distress following a 2007 LBO and subsequent declines in profitability in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007–08. The nearly 50-year-old company has recently blown through cash flow covenants on its $100 million senior financing facility and is seeking a restructuring of its capital structure that will allow the company to survive. Although Danfurn's lenders are hopeful that a consensual decision can be reached on how to restructure the company without resorting to a bankruptcy filing, filing for bankruptcy or even liquidating the company are very real possibilities. This case is an exercise in negotiating a consensual restructuring of a financially distressed company when stakeholders have varied incentives, legal rights, potential remedies, and interests in how the company will be managed going forward. The case discussion works best if students are divided into groups representing the different stakeholder groups—the senior lender, mezzanine lender, board, private equity owner, and founder interests—and are asked to think about how best to maximize their positions while recognizing the costs of failing to reach a negotiated outcome." Excerpt UVA-F-1688 Rev. Dec. 13, 2013 The Restructuring of Danfurn LLC In March 2011, Dan Bruckmuller reviewed the options presented to the board of Danfurn LLC by the company's advisers. Danfurn LLC, a manufacturer and retailer of high-end Scandinavian furniture, had been hit hard by the downturn in the U.S. economy that followed the 2007–08 financial crisis. Over the last two years, sales and operating cash flows had dropped precipitously. The nearly 50-year-old company had recently blown through cash flow covenants on its $ 100 million senior secured financing agreement. M&L Bank, the administrative agent on the loan, had made it clear to the Danfurn board that further waivers to covenant violations would not be forthcoming, ensuring that Danfurn would be in default under the agreement by the end of the month. While M&L wanted to reach a consensual agreement on how to restructure, Danfurn now faced the threat that the bank would “accelerate” the loan—demanding immediate repayment—or seek some other remedy that would force Danfurn down a path to bankruptcy and perhaps liquidation. As a member of the board, Bruckmuller understood that negotiations over the next few days would be crucial in determining the fate of Danfurn as a going concern. Company History . . .
Fifth Harmonic Spectral Voltage Components in EHV Power Transmission Systems

Fifth harmonic voltages and currents have been measured in some extra high voltage (EHV) power transmission systems. This paper contains a discussion and explanation of this phenomenon. The emphasis is on the impact of overexcitation of power transformers in EHV systems. Examples of measurements taken in 500 kV substations are illustrated and representative data collected are shown.
A Lutheran Reflection on Lived Ecumenism

Drawing from twenty years of ecumenical experience, the author considers positive impacts and lessons learned as a Lutheran living and working alongside Catholic peers, colleagues, and mentors. Beginning with a graduate education at the Catholic University of America, then a career at the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops’ office for ecumenical and interreligious relations, and now presently in the Office of the President at Georgetown University, the author posits how appreciation for one’s own tradition (in this case, Lutheran) can be deepened while engaged in projects to promote ecumenical and interreligious dialogue for Catholic institutions. The reflection highlights insights gained from involvement in this unique career path, concluding with the impact of Pope Francis as Lutherans and Catholics commemorate the 500th anniversary of the Reformation.
Species quantification during n-heptane autoignition using filtered natural emission of species

Abstract Quantitative species concentration measurements taken during hydrocarbon oxidation are critical for the development of kinetic mechanisms. Spectroscopic methodologies are often employed to take such measurements due to their unobtrusive nature. A new methodology for species concentration measurements, called the filtered natural emission of species (FNES), has been proposed as it provides greater spatial resolution and a broader range of viable test conditions than other spectroscopic methods, such as laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS). To validate these claims, the concentrations of CO, CO2 and H2O were measured during the oxidation of a lean, n-heptane mixture in a rapid compression machine using FNES. The mixture was tested at an average pressure of 22 bar in the temperature range between 710 and 784 K. The measured data was compared with results of 0-D and 3-D numerical models using multiple kinetic mechanisms and available data found in literature. The empirical data of this work agreed well with the peak concentration measurements reported in the literature; however, the FNES methodology was able to provide insight into combustion processes when inhomogeneities caused by flow or boundary layer effects existed due to its unique field-of-view. As such, elevated CO concentrations were observed after the peak concentration when using the FNES methodology. This observation was not reported in literature nor captured by the 0-D numerical models; however, the 3-D model was able to explain the phenomenon as the result of the temperature field near the wall. 3-D simulations are recommended for the benefit of future works. In addition, the measured species concentrations displayed a great sensitivity to temperature, which was a function of the detailed kinetic mechanisms. Different kinetic mechanisms were found to significantly alter the results of the measured concentrations. Kinetic mechanisms must be chosen with care for accurate modeling of temperature for use of species concentration measurements.
Application of technology and asynchronous learning networks in large lecture classes

The evolution of the computer-assisted personalized approach (CAPA) system and its use in large lecture classes is described. Further individual student contact in these large classes of over 400 students has been established by implementing an asynchronous learning network (ALN). The two systems complement each other and provide the means to monitor and promote the individual student performance at any time during the semester. During the last semester poorly performing students were individually contacted with personalized e-mails to inform them of their standing and to encourage better performance. Results of this combined technological approach are presented.
High-Altitude Production of Titan's Aerosols

Measurements with the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) and two Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) sensors, the Ion beam Spectrometer (IBS) and the Electron Spectrometer (ELS), have revealed the presence of a significant population of heavy hydrocarbon and nitrile species well above the homopause, with masses as large as several thousand Daltons (Da). The INMS ion and neutral spectra cover the mass range 1–100 Da. The IBS has measured positive ions up to 350 Da, while the ELS has detected concentrations of negative ions as high as 20% of the total negatively charged ionosphere component extending to over 13,000 Da. These measurements have motivated the development of new atmospheric models and have significant implications for our knowledge and understanding of Titan's haze layers.
A QFT-Type Design Methodology for Guaranteed Performance In Uncertain Multivariable Systems Subjected to a Disturbance

Presented in this paper is a controller design methodology for a class of uncertain, stable, multivariable systems with the objective of maintaining operating conditions within specified tolerances despite both hardware limitations and external disturbances. It is a frequency domain technique that closely parallels Quantitative Feedback Theory. The distinguishing feature of the proposed methodology is that it incorporates controller constraints such as bandwidth limitations and saturation as well as hard time domain constraints on the outputs. The synthesis can be reduced to a series of SISO loop shaping problems with well deifned regions confining some nominal loop transfer function at different frequencies. Demonstrating the methodology will be the controller design for a highly ignorant multivariable system.
Welfare Use As Status Attainment

Empirical studies of welfare dependency have highlighted differences between welfare and nonwelfare families in o;der'io explain the reasons for welfare dependency. This study discusses factors associated with welfare use in a sample of 323 adolescent mothers who were at-risk with respect to becoming welfare dependent. The article first identities the factors which distinguish between those who became welfare recipients and those who did not. Then, the interrelationships among the salient factors are discussed. The analysis suggests that factors which influence movement on and off welfare in the sample are thosc which influence women's social status in general--entering parenthood during adolescence, noncompletion of high school, rapid family building and being the female head of a family. Rathcr than being explained by a distinctive set of factors, welfare use can be explained by the same factors which influence location in the stratification system for wornen at all class levels.
Strategies for absolute calibration of near infrared tomographic tissue imaging.

Quantitative near infrared (NIR) imaging of tissue requires the use of a diffusion model-based reconstruction algorithm, which solves for the absorption and scattering coefficients of a tissue volume by matching transmission measurements of light to the predictive diffusion equation solution. Calibration problems as well as other practical considerations arise for an imaging system when using a model-based method for a real system. For example, systematic noise in the data acquisition hardware and source/detector fibers must be removed to prevent spurious results in the reconstructed image. Practical considerations for a NIR diffuse tomographic imaging system include: (1) calibration with a homogeneous phantom, (2) use of a homogeneous fitting algorithm to arrive at an initial optical property estimate for image reconstruction of a heterogeneous medium, and (3) correction for fluctuations in source strength and initial phase offset during data acquisition. These practical considerations, which rely on an accurate homogeneous fitting algorithm are described. They have allowed demonstration of a prototype imaging system that has the ability to quantitatively reconstruct heterogeneous images of hemoglobin concentrations within a highly scattering medium with no a priori information.
Masculinities at Work

This article focuses on the study of masculinities, a body of theoretical and empirical work by sociologists, feminist theorists and organization management theorists. This work, much of which employment law scholars have ignored, studies the role of masculinities, which are often invisible, in creating structural barriers to the advancement of many women and some men at work. Masculinities comprise both a structure that reinforces the superiority of men over women and a series of practices, associated with masculine behavior, performed by men or women, that aid men to maintain their superior position over women. In their less visible form, masculinities reinforce stereotypes of the proper role and behavior of women and men at work. Some of these practices include aggression, competitiveness, informal networking, and regarding women as sexual objects, caregivers or Aggressive bitches. These practices harm women at work, permitting powerful heterosexual white men to define what work is, while denying that the workplace is gendered.
An improved ppp π-electron parameterization for cyanoaromatics : Application to predictions of spectral and other physical properties

Abstract Electronic spectra, ionization and reduction potentials, and dipole moments of representative cyanoaromatics have been simulated with a single PPP calculational scheme contrary to previous π-electron treatments. This was achieved by altering the standard cyano PPP parameterization such that the N atom becomes substantially more electronegative and the nitrile carbon slightly more electropositive. Ab initia STO 4-31G results were the model for the proposed modifications. Application of this approach to a wide range of cyano-containing electron deficient, “push-pull” and anionic molecules demonstrates its utility in physical properties predictions, and offers a correct theoretical basis for a number of unusual spectral observations in which simple resonance considerations fail.