cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endogenous enkephalins, not endorphins, modulate basal hedonic state in mice

The aversive response to naloxone administration observed in human and animal studies suggests the presence of an endogenous opioid tone regulating hedonic state but the class(es) of opioid peptides mediating such opioid hedonic tone is uncertain. We sought to address this question using mice deficient in either beta-endorphin or pro-enkephalin in a naloxone-conditioned place aversion paradigm. Mice received saline in the morning in one chamber and either saline or naloxone (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg, s.c.) in the afternoon in another chamber, each day for 3 days. On the test day they were given free access to the testing chambers in the afternoon and the time spent in each chamber was recorded. Whereas wild-type and beta-endorphin-deficient mice exhibited a robust conditioned place aversion to naloxone, pro-enkephalin knockout mice failed to show aversion to naloxone at any dose tested. In contrast, these mice showed a normal conditioned aversion to the kappa opioid receptor agonist, U50,488 (5 mg/kg), and to LiCl (100 mg/kg) indicating that these mice are capable of associative learning. In a separate experiment, pro-enkephalin knockout mice, similar to wild-type and beta-endorphin-deficient mice, demonstrated a significant conditioned place preference to morphine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg s.c.). These data suggest that enkephalins, but not endorphins, may mediate an endogenous opioid component of basal affective state and also indicate that release of neither endogenous enkephalins nor endorphins is critical for the acquisition or expression of the association between contextual cues and the rewarding effect of exogenously administered opiates.
Multiple-agent planning systems

We analyze problems confronted by computer agents that synthesize plans that take into account (and employ) the plans of other, similar, cooperative agents. From the point of view of each of these agents, the others are dynamic entities that possess information about the world, have goals, make plans to achieve these goals, and execute these plans. Thus, each agent must represent not only the usual information about objects in the world and the preconditions and effects of its own actions, but it must also represent and reason about what other agents believe and what they may do. We describe a planning system that addresses these issues and show how it solves a sample problem.
Effects of exposure to a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUDP/spl trade/) on the surface energy and strength of nanofiber fabrics

Summary form only given, as follows. Summary form only given. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) methods have recently been developed to electrospin nano-scale non-woven webs and to improve their properties by exposure to the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma, as a collaborative effort by the UT Plasma Sciences Laboratory and the UT Textiles and Nonwovens Development Center (TANDEC). Nanofiber webs are made by the electrospinning process, which uses the electrostatic force to spin fibers from a polymer solution or melt. In our tests, such nanofiber fabrics have a significantly higher tensile strength than meltblown or spun-bonded webs composed of fibers microns in diameter. Electrospun nanofiber fabrics also require less energy and capital input, as compared to the traditional meltblown process. These webs have been post-treated by the One Atmospheric Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma to improve their surface characteristics such as wettability and wickability. We have further investigated the chemical and physical mechanisms behind these property changes, and we have determined optimum plasma operating conditions to produce such desired effects on the nanofabrics as high surface energy, durability of wettability, dyeability, etc. With future development, these improved nanofabrics should find applications to protective garments and other clothing.
Impact of high contrast grating size in tunable VCSELs

We show the effects of shrinking the high contrast grating size on a wavelength-tunable VCSEL experimentally and theoretically. With a grating having only 4 periods, we demonstrate the fastest tunable VCSEL with speed ≫25 MHz.
A new image processing method for damaged bill recognition

A large volume of bills are circulated and exchanged for goods and services. These bills are vulnerable to tearing, fluid or dirt contamination, wrinkling, hand-writing, print peeling off, and other damage. Severely damaged bills may cause bill handling machines malfunction and are unfit for circulation. It is required that damaged bills be recognized and removed from the money supply chain. This paper presents a novel image processing method for damaged bill recognition. Different from the commonly used image recognition algorithms, the developed method takes the length of a variation curve of reflected light intensity from the billpsilas surface as an evaluation parameter, and compared it against a predetermined standard. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally verified in this paper.
Atomic force microscopy of long DNA: imaging in air and under water

We have obtained striking atomic force microscopy images of the intact lambda bacteriophage genome and of several lambda restriction fragments both in air and under water. The DNA is unstained and the images are stable under continuous scanning for up to 30 min. Measured contour lengths of fully imaged restriction fragments and intact lambda DNA are accurate to within a few percent. The key to this development is the use of a process for binding unmodified double-stranded DNA to chemically treated mica surfaces. This procedure leads to strong DNA attachment and yields high-quality images that are stable under repeated scanning, even with the sample submerged in water. This allows normal hydration conditions to be maintained during scanning and in addition leads to a general improvement of image quality. Both the lateral resolution and the contrast increase by a factor of approximately 3 under water.
Using robust design as a conceptual framework to understand expertise

This exploratory study investigates design expertise through the lens of Robust Design. Robust Design is typically applied to manufacturing processes. Robust Design has the objective of minimizing the effects of uncontrollable noise factors on the output of the process or product. Designers achieve robustness through the control of design variables. A coding scheme was developed from the conceptual framework of Robust Design, particularly investigating designers' awareness of noise factors and design variables. The dataset includes video and transcripts of working engineers in two conceptual design meetings. Protocol Analysis was employed on the transcripts of both meetings. The Dreyfus model of expertise was applied to the observed behaviors. The designers displayed “competent designer” behavior in these meetings by identifying noise factors first and complementary design variables; this may be due to the moderator's problem framing to focus on a noise factor. The result of problem framing and subsequent design activity can inform the development of undergraduate classroom interventions. Educational implications include 1) that instructors can advance students' design expertise by enhancing awareness of noise factors' and design variables' effects on the output and 2) that Robust Design can also be applied to cognitive design processes.
Accuracy of finite element analyses of CT scans in predictions of vertebral failure patterns under axial compression and anterior flexion

Finite element (FE) models built from quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans can provide patient-specific estimates of bone strength and fracture risk in the spine. While prior studies demonstrate accurate QCT-based FE predictions of vertebral stiffness and strength, the accuracy of the predicted failure patterns, i.e., the locations where failure occurs within the vertebra and the way in which the vertebra deforms as failure progresses, is less clear. This study used digital volume correlation (DVC) analyses of time-lapse micro-computed tomography (μCT) images acquired during mechanical testing (compression and anterior flexion) of thoracic spine segments (T7-T9, n=28) to measure displacements occurring throughout the T8 vertebral body at the ultimate point. These displacements were compared to those simulated by QCT-based FE analyses of T8. We hypothesized that the FE predictions would be more accurate when the boundary conditions are based on measurements of pressure distributions within intervertebral discs of similar level of disc degeneration vs. boundary conditions representing rigid platens. The FE simulations captured some of the general, qualitative features of the failure patterns; however, displacement errors ranged 12-279%. Contrary to our hypothesis, no differences in displacement errors were found when using boundary conditions representing measurements of disc pressure vs. rigid platens. The smallest displacement errors were obtained using boundary conditions that were measured directly by DVC at the T8 endplates. These findings indicate that further work is needed to develop methods of identifying physiological loading conditions for the vertebral body, for the purpose of achieving robust, patient-specific FE analyses of failure mechanisms.
The Big Picture: Balancing Artists’ First Amendment Rights with the Trademark Interests of Sports Teams in the Wake of the University of Alabama v. Daniel Moore

This article discusses the difficulties of protecting trademark interests of sports teams in the setting of sports art as transpired in The University of Alabama v. Daniel Moore. It first goes over the statutory language of the Lanham Act as it relates to trademark law and the First Amendment’s artistic expression protections. It then lists circuit court cases that provide precedent to the intersection of trademark and First Amendment law. Next, it gives an overview of the factual history of Daniel Moore’s relationship with the University of Alabama, followed by a conversation of the procedural history surrounding the lawsuit. The article then gives a detailed explanation of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals’ opinion in The University of Alabama v. Daniel Moore case. It follows with a discussion of the remaining questions and problems concerning the intersection of sports trademarks and artistic expression in light of the circuit court’s opinion. The article ends by arguing that the balance is currently too far in favor of First Amendment protection and proposes an amended test to give trademark holders greater deference in cases pitting First Amendment against trademark law.
Preventing Coaching Burnout

(1981). Preventing Coaching Burnout. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 22-22.
Targeting Epigenetic Mechanism as the Novel AML Therapy

Copyright: © 2012 Dou Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a subtype of leukemia that has extremely poor prognosis. AML affects both children and adults with an incidence of approximately 12,000 new patients in the U.S. each year. Current treatment methods include chemotherapy, radiation and stem cell transplant. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the causes of AML, the drugs currently used to treat these diseases are little changed over the past 40 years and yield disappointing results.The overall five-year survival rate of AML patients is less than 20%. More effective treatments are needed.
Vacancy Diffusion in NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6

In recent years there has been considerable interest in sodium alanate as a prototypical complex hydride for solid-state hydrogen storage. Much effort has gone into understanding the rate-limiting processes in its hydrogen release and absorption reactions. The diffusion of metal species has been suggested as a possible kinetic bottleneck in Ti-doped materials. In this paper, we outline an approach for calculating the diffusivity of defects in complicated lattices using a combination of first-principles density-functional theory calculations and stochastic kinetic Monte Carlo methods. We apply this methodology to the diffusion of metal defects in NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6 that have been predicted to exist in large concentrations. We find that of the metal defects that exist in the largest concentrations, a neutral AlH3 vacancy is the most mobile in NaAlH4 (ΔHmig = 0.34 eV, D0 = 1.30 × 10–2 cm2/s, and DT=400K = 7.55 × 10–7 cm2/s) and that a negatively charged Na vacancy is the most mobile in Na3AlH6 (ΔHmig = 0.33 ...
Catalytic Material with Enhanced Contacting Efficiency for Volatile Organic Compound Removal at Ultrashort Contact Time

A unique catalyst structure, microfibrous entrapped catalyst (MFEC), was prepared by entrapping support particles (γ-Al2O3, 150–250 μm diam) into metal (Ni-200) microfibers and forming thin flexible sheets. Pleated structures of MFECs containing Pd/γ-Al2O3, Pd–Mn/γ-Al2O3, and Pd–Ce/γ-Al2O3 were investigated systematically for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal at various face velocities (ca. 3–30 m/s) and at low temperatures (<473 K). The optimized structure of MFEC (e.g., W-structure with 8 μm Ni fiber) resulted intralayer residence times from 750 to 65 μs with pressure drops from 0.35 to 10.22 kPa. The study exhibited that low intralayer residence times had a significant effect on the catalytic reaction which followed the Mars–Van Krevelen mechanism in this velocity controlled region. The overall reaction rate for VOC removal was limited by the surface reaction. Furthermore, mixed metal oxide based MFECs showed better performance in VOC removal due to the high oxygen storage capacity of reducible o...
Metabolic Syndrome Racial Differences in Adolescents

The metabolic syndrome consists of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Its clinical outcomes are stroke, myocardial infarction, and type 2 diabetes. Each of these is more frequent in African-Americans than in Caucasians. This is surprising since most studies indicate that the incidence of the metabolic syndrome is lower in African-American than Caucasian adults. There is growing evidence that adult cardiovascular disease has its origin in childhood and adolescents. Thus, it is important that we understand differences in the pathophysiological precursors to metabolic and cardiovascular disease in this age group. Many studies, but not all, have demonstrated that African-American children and adolescents are insulin resistant compared to similar age Caucasians. The increased insulin resistance occurs in spite of lower triglyceride levels. Low triglyceride levels are usually associated with increased insulin sensitivity. There is evidence that the relationship between triglycerides and insulin sensitivity differs between the two races. African-Americans compensate for the increased insulin resistance by increasing insulin secretion and insulin clearance. Interestingly, those studies that have not found increased insulin resistance in African-Americans have found increased insulin secretion suggesting the increased secretion may precede the insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance are linked to endothelial dysfunction in adults and African-American adolescents have poorer endothelial function than do Caucasians. In African-American adolescents, endothelial function decreases as insulin secretion increases. It is likely that the hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in adolescent African-American adolescents play an important role in the increased rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Future research should focus on the mechanisms of these abnormalities and ways to prevent their development in this age group.
Microstructure and Properties of High-Tc Superconductors

The recent advances in high-critical-temperature surperconducting materials have precipitated an abundance of research into this exciting technology. Such research includes significant discoveries related to sperconducting properties, including the role of copper-oxygen layers in perovskite-based structures and the effects of 45° twins, 90° domains and subgrain boundaries. The identification of superconducting oxides has also led to an in-depth exploration of practical forming methods. It is anticipated that the formation of superconducting thin films with textured microstructures by using in-situ processing methods to reduce thermal budgets will play a critical role in the fabrication and integration of advanced superconductor and semiconductor devices.
The Ambulatory Patient and Comprehensive Care

Comprehensive health care is a complex but important aspect of the future of medicine. It is based on a series of medical realities: the care of the whole patient, not merely the disease; the implicit contract between patient and physician; and the importance of continuity of care, preventive medicine and medical teamwork.
A Peer-led Diabetes Education Program in a Homeless Community to Improve Diabetes Knowledge and Empowerment

Peer-led diabetes education has been shown to be as effective, or more effective, than traditional education in improving glycemic control and diabetes self-care measures. A 4-week peer-led diabetes education program was conducted in a homeless community in Grand Rapids, Michigan to increase diabetes knowledge and empowerment. Knowledge scores increased significantly during sessions covering signs, symptoms, and complications of diabetes and diabetes medications (ps <.05). Empowerment scores after attending the 4-week program were significantly increased when compared to scores prior to the first session (p = .027). Field notes and postimplementation focus group support increased empowerment and knowledge among participants.
Organization for Social Change

Coherence between lifelong learning, creativity and happiness in the socio-cultural context is a subject of discussions for both social scientists and politics. The objective of the present paper is to develop and interpret the leading characteristics of the interconnection between adult education, creativity and happiness on the basis of the data of a sociological research project ‘Adult Learners in Lithuania’, which was carried out in the frame of the international project LLL2010. The main methods applied include: document analysis, secondary statistical analysis and interpretation of data. The results of the study allow making several main conclusions. The study revealed that learning, creativity and education are essential and intimately connected features of an individual living in the modern society. For adult learners in Lithuania, education, first of all, helps increase self-esteem, stimulates self-respect and self-reliance. Secondly, a very important factor is engagement in meaningful activity and opportunities for self-perfection. Thirdly, adult learning is also notably related to close relationship with family, friends and others who provide support. To a lesser extent, education affects one’s reflections on career opportunities and financial situation. Moreover, for more that one third of learners, learning is an enjoyable pastime.
SU-F-T-49: Dosimetry Parameters and TPS Commissioning for the CivaSheet Directional Pd-103 Brachytherapy Source

Purpose: The CivaSheet is a new LDR Pd-103 brachytherapy device offering directional-radiation for preferentially irradiating malignancies with healthy-tissue sparing. Observations are presented on dosimetric characterization, TPS commissioning, and evaluation of the dosesuperposition- principle for summing individual elements comprising a planar CivaSheet Methods: The CivaSheet comprises individual sources (CivaDots, 0.05cm thick and 0.25cm diam.) inside a flexible bioabsorbable substrate with a 0.8cm center-to-center rectangular array. All non-radioactive components were measured to ensure accuracy of manufacturer-provided dimensional information. The Pd spatial distribution was gleaned from radioactive and inert samples, then modeled with the MCNP6 radiation-transport-code. A 6×6 array CivaSheet was modeled to evaluate the dose superposition principle for treatment planning. Air-kerma-strength was estimated using the NIST WAFAC geometry. Absorbed dose was estimated in water with polar sampling covering 0.05≤r≤15cm in 0.05cm increments and 0°≤θ≤180° in 1° increments. These data were entered into VariSeed9.0 and tested for the dose-superposition-principle. Results: The dose-rate-constant was 0.579 cGy/h/U with g(r) determined along the rotational-axis of symmetry (0°) instead of 90°. gP(r) values at 0.1, 0.5, 2, 5, and 10cm were 1.884, 1.344, 0.558, 0.088, and 0.0046. F(r,θ) decreased between 0° and 180° by factors of 270, 23, and 5.1 at 0.1, 1, and 10cm. The highest dose-gradient was at 92°, changing by a factor of 3 within 1° due to Au-foil shielding. TPS commissioning from 0.1≤r≤11cm and 0°≤θ≤180° demonstrated 2% reproducibility of input data except at the high-dose-gradient where interpolations caused 3% differences. Dose superposition of CivaDots replicated a multi-source CivaSheet array within 2% except where another CivaDot was present. Following implantation, the device is not perfectly planar. TPS accuracy utilizing the dose-superposition-principle through geometric repositioning of CivaDots supersedes TPS limitations of intersource shielding effects Conclusion: Dosimetric characterization, source commissioning, and evaluation of the dose-superposition-principle with VariSeed9.0 permits treatment planning for the CivaSheet brachytherapy device. Research supported in part by CivaTech Oncology, Inc.
Herodotos von Halikarnassos

Zeitweilig auf Samos im Exil; Mitwirkung am Sturz des Tyrannen Lygdamis von Halikarnassos; ausgedehnte Reisen; Vorlesungen in Athen; Freundschaft mit Sophokles; um 444 Ubersiedlung nach Thurioi, dessen Ruinen nahe dem heutigen Terranova di Sibari in Kalabrien vermutet werden.
Stoma care products represent a common and previously underreported source of peristomal contact dermatitis

SummaryBackground Peristomal dermatitis is a common complication for the >700 000 patients in the United States with an ostomy. The role of stoma skin care products in peristomal dermatitis is poorly understood. Objective To evaluate stoma skin care products as a cause of peristomal dermatitis. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with peristomal dermatitis at four academic hospitals from January 2010 to March 2014 was performed. Patient demographics, clinical information and use test and patch test results were documented. Results Eighteen patients identified as having peristomal dermatitis were tested. Twelve of these had peristomal contact dermatitis. We identified numerous stoma skin care products as triggers of irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. The most common stoma skin care product used and/or involved in dermatitis was Cavilon™ No Sting Barrier Film. Conclusions Our data support a paradigm shift whereby healthcare workers treating patients with peristomal dermatitis, which is currently considered to be a reaction mainly to bodily fluids, must now consider those products used to protect the skin as potential triggers for this disease. Therefore, patients with peristomal dermatitis should be tested with their stoma skin care agents to determine the need for removal or change of these products. Additionally, full ingredient labelling by manufacturers would help identify new allergens and irritants.
Methodological Approach to Assessing the Evidence

The approach taken in this book to guide authors in assessing the evidence for their respective topic areas was generated by the editors. It represents a combination of current recommendations for describing the state of public health evidence, assessing the quality of that evidence, including the suitability of the various studies reviewed to assess the effectiveness of their respective interventions, along with a good dose of practicality.
Molecular Transformation, Diffusion, and Assembling into Three-Dimensional Freestanding Tube Arrays via a Triphasic Reaction

Converting nitrobenzene to freestanding polyaniline tube arrays has been successfully carried out in a “water–oil–water” triphasic reaction system, where catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline and aniline polymerization reactions were synergistically integrated. With optimized control over molecular diffusion and reaction at separate solid/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces, polyaniline nanostructures could be synthesized with different morphologies. The paired molecular diffusion and reaction rate is revealed as the dominating factor that determines the feasibility of the reaction system to produce a patterned array structure. Slow molecular diffusion leads to a better ordered three-dimensional (3D) assembling structure. This work demonstrates a new approach to control 3D assembling structures with integrated control on diffusion and reaction across multiple liquid/liquid interfaces.
Enhancement of PSMA-Directed CAR Adoptive Immunotherapy by PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies has shown remarkable responses, but the same level of success has not been observed in solid tumors. A new prostate cancer model (Myc-CaP:PSMA(+)) and a second-generation anti-hPSMA human CAR T cells expressing a Click Beetle Red luciferase reporter) were used to study hPSMA targeting and assess CAR T cell trafficking and persistence by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). We investigated the antitumor efficacy of human CAR T cells targeting human prostate-specific membrane antigen (hPSMA), in the presence and absence of the target antigen; first alone and then combined with a monoclonal antibody targeting the human programmed death receptor 1 (anti-hPD1 mAb). PDL-1 expression was detected in Myc-CaP murine prostate tumors growing in immune competent FVB/N and immune-deficient SCID mice. Endogenous CD3+ T cells were restricted from the centers of Myc-CaP tumor nodules growing in FVB/N mice. Following anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment, the restriction of CD3+ T cells was reversed, and a tumor-treatment response was observed. Adoptive hPSMA-CAR T cell immunotherapy was enhanced when combined with PD-1 blockade, but the treatment response was of comparatively short duration, suggesting other immune modulation mechanisms exist and restrict CAR T cell targeting, function, and persistence in hPSMA expressing Myc-CaP tumors. Interestingly, an "inverse pattern" of CAR T cell BLI intensity was observed in control and test tumors, which suggests CAR T cells undergo changes leading to a loss of signal and/or number following hPSMA-specific activation. The lower BLI signal intensity in the hPSMA test tumors (compared with controls) is due in part to a decrease in T cell mitochondrial function following T cell activation, which may limit the intensity of the ATP-dependent Luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence signal.
Links between atmosphere, ocean, and cryosphere from two decades of microseism observations on the Antarctic Peninsula

The lack of landmasses, climatological low pressure, and strong circumpolar westerly winds between the latitudes of 50°S to 65°S produce exceptional storm-driven wave conditions in the Southern Ocean. This combination makes the Antarctic Peninsula one of Earth's most notable regions of high-amplitude wave activity and thus, ocean-swell-driven microseism noise in both the primary (direct wave-coastal region interactions) and secondary (direct ocean floor forcing due to interacting wave trains) period bands. Microseism observations are examined across 23 years (1993–2015) from Palmer Station (PMSA), on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, and from East Falkland Island (EFI). These records provide a spatially integrative measure of both Southern Ocean wave amplitudes and the interactions between ocean waves and the solid Earth in the presence of sea ice, which can reduce wave coupling with the continental shelf. We utilize a spatiotemporal correlation-based approach to illuminate how the distribution of sea ice influences seasonal microseism power. We characterize primary and secondary microseism power due to variations in sea ice and find that primary microseism energy is both more sensitive to sea ice and more capable of propagating across ocean basins than secondary microseism energy. During positive phases of the Southern Annular Mode, sea ice is reduced in the Bellingshausen Sea and overall storm activity in the Drake Passage increases, thus strongly increasing microseism power levels.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI MINAT SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI DI KOTA RANTEPAO

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah, 1) untuk mengetahui deskripsi minat belajar matematika pada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri Rantepao, 2) untuk mengetahui hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri di Kota Rantepao yang diajar dengan model discovery learning 3) untuk mengetahui hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII SMP negeri di Kota Rantepao yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperiment. Pengumpulan data hasil penelitian menggunakan instrumen tes berupa pilihan ganda setelah diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning untuk kelas eksperimen dan model pembelajaran langsung untuk kelas pembanding. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu: 1) hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas perlakuan yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning berada pada kategori sedang; 2) hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas pembanding yang diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung juga berada pada kategori sedang; 3) tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan minat belajar pada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri di Kota Rantepao; 4) hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning lebih tinggi dari pada hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran langsung; 5) hasil belajar matematika siswa yang memiliki minat belajar tinggi lebih tinggi daripada hasil belajar matematika siswa yang memiliki minat belajar rendah. Kata kunci: Model pembelajaran, hasil belajar matematika
Extending the lifetime of object-based NAND flash device with STT-RAM/DRAM hybrid buffer

A major limitation of NAND flash memory is erase-before-program characteristics. It incurs write amplification, severely degrading system performance and endurance. Previous works reveal that metadata update substantially contributes to write amplification in object-based NAND flash device (ONFD). To further reduce the overhead of metadata update in ONFD, we propose a hybrid buffer scheme (HBS) by utilizing the lower latency and byte-addressable characteristics of the promising emerging non-volatile memory STT-RAM. Our HBS proposes to store ONFD metadata with highest cost in a complement STT-RAM buffer to reduce write amplification. Considering limited size of STT-RAM, we propose a hybrid buffer management technique to maximize effective memory utilization. In addition, by leveraging non-volatility of STT-RAM, our HBS can also substantially reduce data recovery overhead and complexity upon power failure. Experiment results show that the proposed design can achieve up to 15% performance improvement with average 34% endurance extension compared to the state-of-the-art works.
Structural properties of amyloid β(1-40) dimer explored by replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations.

Replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations (300 ns) were used to study the dimerization of amyloid β(1-40) (Aβ(1-40)) polypeptide. Configurational entropy calculations revealed that at physiological temperature (310 K, 37°C) dynamic dimers are formed by randomly docked monomers. Free energy of binding of the two chains to each other was -93.56 ± 6.341 kJ mol-1 . Prevalence of random coil conformations was found for both chains with the exceptions of increased β-sheet content from residues 16-21 and 29-32 of chain A and residues 15-21 and 30-33 of chain B with β-turn/β-bend conformations in both chains from residues 1-16, 21-29 of chain A, 1-16, and 21-29 of chain B. There is a mixed β-turn/β-sheet region from residues 33-38 of both chains. Analysis of intra- and interchain residue distances shows that, although the individual chains are highly flexible, the dimer system stays in a loosely packed antiparallel β-sheet configuration with contacts between residues 17-21 of chain A with residues 17-21 and 31-36 of chain B as well as residues 31-36 of chain A with residues 17-21 and 31-36 of chain B. Based on dihedral principal component analysis, the antiparallel β-sheet-loop-β-sheet conformational motif is favored for many low energy sampled conformations. Our results show that Aβ(1-40) can form dynamic dimers in aqueous solution that have significant conformational flexibility and are stabilized by collapse of the central and C-terminal hydrophobic cores with the expected β-sheet-loop-β-sheet conformational motif. Proteins 2017; 85:1024-1045. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lessons from Alternative Grading: Essential Qualities of Teacher Feedback.

ABSTRACTOne critically important step in the instructional process is providing feedback to students, and yet, providing timely and thorough feedback is often lacking due attention. Reasons for this oversight could range from several factors including increased class sizes, vast content coverage requirements, extracurricular responsibilities, and the generally hectic daily schedules of teachers. This article synthesizes the findings from a year-long qualitative study investigating the alternative grading practices of five high school teachers and gives particular attention to the nature of the feedback these teachers provided to their students. Teachers' feedback is pared down to its essential qualities in order to offer manageable and practical strategies to current classroom teachers for providing effective feedback to their students.
A cerebellum-like circuit in the auditory system cancels responses to self-generated sounds

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) integrates auditory nerve input with a diverse array of sensory and motor signals processed in circuitry similar to that of the cerebellum. Yet how the DCN contributes to early auditory processing has been a longstanding puzzle. Using electrophysiological recordings in mice during licking behavior, we show that DCN neurons are largely unaffected by self-generated sounds while remaining sensitive to external acoustic stimuli. Recordings in deafened mice, together with neural activity manipulations, indicate that self-generated sounds are cancelled by non-auditory signals conveyed by mossy fibers. In addition, DCN neurons exhibit gradual reductions in their responses to acoustic stimuli that are temporally correlated with licking. Together, these findings suggest that DCN may act as an adaptive filter for cancelling self-generated sounds. Adaptive filtering has been established previously for cerebellum-like sensory structures in fish, suggesting a conserved function for such structures across vertebrates.
Relational Constraint Solving in SMT

Relational logic is useful for reasoning about computational problems with relational structures, including high-level system design, architectural configurations of network systems, ontologies, and verification of programs with linked data structures. We present a modular extension of an earlier calculus for the theory of finite sets to a theory of finite relations with such operations as transpose, product, join, and transitive closure. We implement this extension as a theory solver of the SMT solver CVC4. Combining this new solver with the finite model finding features of CVC4 enables several compelling use cases. For instance, native support for relations enables a natural mapping from Alloy, a declarative modeling language based on first-order relational logic, to SMT constraints. It also enables a natural encoding of several description logics with concrete domains, allowing the use of an SMT solver to analyze, for instance, Web Ontology Language (OWL) models. We provide an initial evaluation of our solver on a number of Alloy and OWL models which shows promising results.
Is Infection an Independent Risk Factor for Venous Thromboembolism? A Population-Based, Case-Control Study

Background The independent association of recent infection with venous thromboembolism is uncertain. The purpose of the study was to test both overall infection (site unspecified) and specific infection sites as potential risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism adjusting for other known venous thromboembolism factors.
Cord Blood Hematopoiesis: The Road to Transplantation

Abstract The recognition of cord blood as a discarded resource rich in high proliferative potential hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) triggered a flurry of studies in the 1990s exploiting its potential for transplantation. These studies established placental cord blood (PCB) as an excellent source of stem cells for related and unrelated transplants; pediatric, and adult. However, the fact that each PCB is quantitatively a limited resource restricts its efficacy to patients with low body weight, mostly children. Therefore, strategies are continuously being explored to overcome this limitation. Attempts to increase the HSPC content, or to improve their homing and engraftment potential, or the receptivity and/or the immunological status of the recipient are ongoing. Most importantly, apart from HSPCs, PCB contains stem cells for other tissues. This awareness has propelled explorations on the use of PCB for tissue repair and tissue engineering for a variety of clinical applications. In the present communication we will review differences between fetal–neonatal and adult HSPCs, current progress and limitations in the use of PCB for transplantation, and targeted approaches to overcome these limitations in the clinical use of PCB for treatment of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic disorders.
Structure-property relationships at Nafion thin-film interfaces: Thickness effects on hydration and anisotropic ion transport

Abstract The effect of film thickness on water uptake and structure in ultra-thin Nafion is probed via in situ neutron reflectometry for a series of 10 films with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 153 nm. Observed interfacial lamellae are used to understand anomalous transport limitations in such films. Results show three distinct thickness regimes: (i) in the truncated regime (
Sauce for the Goose Versus Sauce for the Gander: Should Men and Women Play the Same Game But With Different Rules?

Articles, see p 771 and p 781 Traditionally, coronary heart disease was considered a problem for men. As a consequence, women were understudied, underdiagnosed, and undertreated, with adverse outcomes. With the advent of representation of women in clinical research studies and the elucidation of gender-based differences in the recognition and management of a spectrum of aspects of coronary heart disease, the favorable outcomes have been stunning. Since 2000, cardiovascular mortality declined precipitously in women, more so than among their male peers. In 2014, for the first time since 1984, fewer US women than men died of cardiovascular disease.1 Coronary heart disease in women is characteristically more complex than for men. In addition to the traditional atherosclerotic obstructive disease of the epicardial coronary arteries, women have nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis, microvascular disease, or a combination of these attributes. The extent to which these features determine the clinical presentations and outcomes has not yet been ascertained, but ongoing studies are beginning to fill the knowledge gap and contribute to improved clinical decision making. In this issue of Circulatio n, data from the VIRGO study (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients) highlight sex differences in the presentation and perception of symptoms among young patients with myocardial infarction2 based on prospective patient interviews during the index myocardial infarction hospitalization. Although chest pain was the predominant symptom for both sexes, women presented with a greater array of nonchest pain symptoms, independent of the presence of chest pain, including epigastric symptoms, palpitations, and pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, arms, or between the shoulder blades. Among the patients …
Transcriptome Engineering with RNA-Targeting Type VI-D CRISPR Effectors

Summary Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems endow microbes with diverse mechanisms for adaptive immunity. Here, we analyzed prokaryotic genome and metagenome sequences to identify an uncharacterized family of RNA-guided, RNA-targeting CRISPR systems that we classify as type VI-D. Biochemical characterization and protein engineering of seven distinct orthologs generated a ribonuclease effector derived from Ruminococcus flavefaciens XPD3002 (CasRx) with robust activity in human cells. CasRx-mediated knockdown exhibits high efficiency and specificity relative to RNA interference across diverse endogenous transcripts. As one of the most compact single-effector Cas enzymes, CasRx can also be flexibly packaged into adeno-associated virus. We target virally encoded, catalytically inactive CasRx to cis elements of pre-mRNA to manipulate alternative splicing, alleviating dysregulated tau isoform ratios in a neuronal model of frontotemporal dementia. Our results present CasRx as a programmable RNA-binding module for efficient targeting of cellular RNA, enabling a general platform for transcriptome engineering and future therapeutic development.
Platelet Transfusion Practices in Critically Ill Children

Objectives:Little is known about platelet transfusions in pediatric critical illness. We sought to describe the epidemiology, indications, and outcomes of platelet transfusions among critically ill children.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Multicenter (82 PICUs), international (16 countries)
A methodology for integrative documentation and characterization of culturally important statues to support seismic analysis

Motivated by observations from recent earthquakes, and in an effort to understand the seismic response of culturally important statues, a methodology is proposed for an integrative approach to document culturally important statues, which combines both engineering parameters and visualization. Documentation includes surface and material, geometric and visual, and boundary condition surveys as well as three dimensional digital reconstructions. Reconstruction facilitates attainment of geometric and mass properties using data from terrestrial laser scanning and structure-from-motion three dimensional reconstruction. The proposed methodology is applied to a representative number (24) of statues in Florence, Italy using a field survey in 2011. The majority of the statues are determined to be freestanding on rough pedestals with high aspect ratios and limited motion restriction. Using the documentation and simplified characterization obtained from these studies, it is envisioned that the seismic vulnerability and response of statues may be estimated, knowing the statues' locations and anticipated earthquake demands at the site (building or free-field).
Enhancing photographs using content-specific image priors

The digital imaging revolution has made the camera ubiquitous; however, image quality has not improved at the same rate as the increase in camera availability. Increasingly more cameras are small, with inexpensive lenses, no flash, and lightweight bodies that are difficult to hold steady, and this results in images with blur, noise, and poor color-balance. Consequently, there is a strong need for simple, automatic, and accurate methods for image correction. This dissertation, presents work that uses "content-specific" image models and priors for image enhancement. Image enhancement is a challenge problem—corrections such as deblurring, denoising, and color-correction are ill-posed, where the number of unknown values outweighs the number of observations. As a result, it is necessary to add additional information as constraints. Previous work has focused on using generic image priors that are applicable to a large number of images. In this work, we develop constraints that are tuned to the specific content of an image. First, we discuss a fast, accurate blur estimation method that models all edges in a sharp image as step-edges. The method predicts the "sharp" version of a blurry input image and uses the two images together to solve for a PSF. Second, we discuss a framework for image deblurring and denoising that uses local color statistics to produce sharp, low-noise results. Even when the blur function is known, deblurring an image is still quite difficult due to information loss during blurring and due to the presence of noise. In our work, we investigate using local-color statistics of an image in a joint framework for deblurring and denoising of images. Lastly, we discuss work in methods that use "identity-specific" priors to perform corrections for images containing faces. These priors provide the guidance needed to perform high-quality corrections needed for known, familiar faces. Deblurring, super-resolution, color-balancing, and exposure correction operate independently, so that a user can correct selected image properties, while still retaining certain desired qualities of the original photo. We have also developed a prototype application for performing these corrections.
ANTAGONISM OF PROPRANOLOL TO ISOPROTERENOL IN GUINEA-PIG TRACHEA: SOME CAUTIONARY FINDINGS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study examining antagonism of propranolol to isoproterenol in guinea-pig trachea. In this study, four helically-cut strips from the trachea of a reserpine-pretreated guinea pig were mounted in Krebs solution at 37°. Each concentration–response curve for relaxation by isoproterenol (ISO) was obtained with cumulative additions of the drug after the smooth muscle had been brought to a steady level of contraction with carbachol. Each experimental strip was first tested with ISO in the absence, and then successively in the presence of one or more concentrations of propranolol (PPL). The exposure time to each PPL concentration was close to 75 min. Concentrations of ISO used for calculating dose ratios were those required to produce one-half maximal relaxation. In all experiments, one strip received no PPL and served as a control. To block extraneuronal uptake of ISO, some strips were pretreated with 3 μg/ml of dibenamine for 40 min. The results provide evidence for the conclusion that the pharmacologic antagonism between agonists and antagonists acting on adrenergic receptors is satisfactorily explained by the classical receptor theory for competitive antagonism.
Results from a Sample of 1000 Field Galaxies

The angular correlation function for galaxies with redshifts z between 0.15 and 0.85 has been measured. The data are fitted to a spatial correlation function of the form ξ(rp) = (r 0/ rp)γ(1+ z)-(3+∊), where r p is the proper distance, and ∊ is a measure of the evolution of the clustering. These data and other local measurements imply r 0 = (4.8 t 0.3)h -1 Mpc and ∊ = -0.5 ± 0.5 for an Einstein-deSitter universe (Ω = 1). If instead Ω = 0, then ∊ = -1.3 ± 0.5; i. e., clustering was stronger in the past. Thus the data are consistent with the assumptions that Ω = 1 and that physical associations of galaxies neither expand nor contract (∊ = 0).