cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Switch Function Applied to the Thermodynamic Properties of Steam Near and Not Near the Critical Point

A study is presented of the still-unsolved problem of estimating thermodynamic property values in a region intermediate between the critical region in which the scaling laws apply, and regions further from critical, where classical behavior prevails. A procedure has been developed in which a varying weighting function is used in obtaining a weighted “average” of the scaled and the classical Helmholtz free energy. Other properties are then obtained by differentiation. It is first demonstrated that it is fundamentally impossible for the “averaged” Helmholtz free energy and its first two derivatives to all be intermediate between the corresponding values from the scaled and the classical formulations. The procedure has been developed and tested for steam. The scaled function is the simple linear model of Murphy et al., the classical equation that of Pollak. The properties of power-weighted switch functions, particularly with respect to the behavior of higher-order derivatives, and the choice of the boundaries of the switching region, were examined in detail and optimized by proper choice of parameters. It is shown that a reasonably smooth transfer from the scaled to the classical region can be achieved as far as free energy, energy, and specific heat C V are concerned. For satisfactory behavior of all second derivative properties, the two formulations need to be more compatible in the switching region than they are in the present case.
Properties of the solar nebula and the origin of the moon

The basic geochemical model of the structure of the moon proposed by Anderson, in which the moon is formed by differentiation of the calcium, aluminium, and titanium-rich inclusions in the Allende meteorite, is accepted, and the conditions for formation of this moon within the solar nebula models of Cameron and Pine are discussed. The basic material condenses while iron remains in the gaseous phase, which places the formation of the moon slightly inside the orbit of Mercury. Some condensed metallic iron is likely to enter the moon in this position, and since the moon is assembled at a very high temperature, it is likely to have been fully molten, so that the iron can remove the iridium from the silicate material and carry it down to form a small core. Interactions between the moon and Mercury lead to the present rather eccentric Mercury orbit and to a much more eccentric orbit for the moon, reaching past the orbit of the earth, establishing conditions which are necessary for capture of the moon by the earth.
Biosynthesis of selenobases in transfer RNA by Escherichia coli

Abstract Growth of Escherichi coli in a medium containing [ 75 Se]selenite results in incorporation of 75 Se into transfer RNA bases. This conclusion is based on the sensitivity of the 75 Se-labeled product to RNase digestion, elution of the 75 Selabel from a gel filtration column at the same volume as a tRNA marker, possession of tyrosine acceptor activity, and elution of the 75 Se-label from a benzoylated DEAE-cellulose column using a salt gradient and ethanol wash commonly employed for tRNA fractionation. The selenium is assumed to be following sulfur pathways into tRNA. Selenium has not previously been reported as a tRNA constituent. Considering the successful incorporation of trace levels of selenium into tRNA described here and the reported presence of low levels of selenium in other biological samples, it is suggested that selenium may be a commonly occurring minor constituent of tRNA.
Special Feature: Fault Diagnosis of Microprocessor Systems

The rapid growth in numbers of microprocessor-based intelligent terminals—e.g., POS terminals, communication preprocessors, and I/O processors for large computer systems—has brought with it increased awareness of the importance of guaranteeing the correct operation of the microprocessor without disturbing the use of the system. This in turn has focused attention on fault detection, location, and repair in such systems.
Genetics in the real world: resources for pediatric nurses using monogenic diabetes as an exemplar.

Some researchers (Collins, 2009; Hudziak, 1998) postulate that all disease is genetic on at least some basic level. The pediatric nurse may not be familiar with the details of recent advances in genetics and how those advances might play a role in helping children or understand the implications of a genetic diagnosis. For those nurses who have been practicing for more than a decade, their exposure to genetics in their initial nursing education may have been limited to the basics of Mendelian inheritance (Anderson, 1996). Since the mapping of the entire human genome in 2003, much more information is available (Collins, 2009). How the nursing profession will integrate this information into future nursing education is being actively discussed at a national level (Consensus Panel, 2008; Jenkins, Dimond, & Steinberg, 2001). The issue of how to make genetic information available and practical for pediatric nurses who currently practice is less clear. Therefore, it is important for all pediatric nurses to understand how genetics applies to patient care. This article will use monogenic diabetes as an example to describe the genetic aspect of a common disorder to engage pediatric nurses in genetics and to illustrate how nurses can incorporate basic genetic skills into their daily nursing assessments.
Acceleration feedback control for a flexible manipulator arm

The authors report laboratory results for a single-link flexible manipulator arm in which three separate control strategies are compared and contrasted: compensation using classical root locus techniques with endpoint position feedback, a full state feedback observer-based design, and compensation using endpoint acceleration feedback. The last technique, using accelerometer feedback, has received little attention to date. The presented results indicate great promise for its use in flexible manipulator control. >
Flexible part-feeding system for machine loading and assembly. Part I. A state-of-the-art survey

Abstract The cost to feed parts to a robot for either machine loading or assembly in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) has often been underestimated. A recent survey on part-feeding methods applicable to a board class of flexible manufacturing systems has indicated that part-feeding may comprise two-thirds of the overall investment and are usually the source of a large percentage of work stoppage and defects. The lack of an off-the-shelf data-driven software-control generic part-presenter satisfying both cost and functional requirements is a major source of problems which prevent the flexibility of the overall flexible manufacturing automation to be fully exploited. In this article, the state-of-the-art of part-presentation techniques for flexible part-feeding is reviewed. Special attention has been placed on the use of computer vision techniques which has potentials in adding considerably to flexibility by simplifying grippers, component feeders, and location tooling, and by reducing engineering time required to implement it. The use of computer vision in real-time part-presentation is evaluated in terms of its on-line computational requirements. The evaluation was performed on an experimental prototype based on a breadboard configuration using off-the-shelf hardware. Factors that limit standard machine vision techniques for part feeding are addressed in terms of their reliability and cost.
An exploratory study of exclusive dealing in channel relationships

The channel literature has paid little attention to issues related to exclusive dealing governance arrangements. Consequently, there is only limited knowledge about how exclusive dealing impacts various channel processes and outcomes. This gap is especially regrettable since exclusive dealing, in addition to being one of the most commonplace governance formats within the distribution channels, is also one of the best exemplars of viable unilateral governance formats. In this initial investigation, the authors explore the linkages among the constructs of exclusive dealing, relationalism, communication, and performance. Empirical data for the study were drawn from the photocopier industry.
The tripartite model and dimensions of anxiety and depression: an examination of structure in a large school sample.

This study was designed to build on recent findings that (a) factors of the tripartite model in adults are not uniformly related to all anxiety disorder dimensions as recent research has suggested (T. A. Brown, B. F. Chorpita, & D. H. Barlow, 1998; S. Mineka, D. W. Watson, & L. A. Clark, 1998), and (b) the tripartite model of emotion appears to have increasing support and utility in child samples (e.g., C. J. Lonigan, E. S. Hooe, C. F. David, & J. A. Kistner, 1999). The structural relations were evaluated among tripartite factors and dimensions representing selected anxiety disorders and depression in a large multiethnic school sample of children and adolescents. General aspects of the tripartite model were supported. For example, Negative Affect was positively related with all anxiety and depression scales, and Positive Affect was negatively correlated with the depression scale. Consistent with previous observations in adult samples, Physiological Hyperarousal was positively related with Panic only, and was not significantly positively correlated with other anxiety syndromes. The structure of the best fitting model appeared robust across different grade levels and gender. In follow-up analyses, several interactions of grade level with structural parameters emerged, such that the relation of some of the tripartite factors with anxiety and depression were noted to increase or decrease across grade level.
Phenotypic variability among café-au-lait macules in neurofibromatosis type 1

Background Cafe-au-lait macules (CALMs) in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are an early and accessible phenotype in NF1, but have not been extensively studied. Objective We sought to more fully characterize the phenotype of CALMs in patients with NF1. Methods In all, 24 patients with a diagnosis of NF1 confirmed through clinical diagnosis or molecular genetic testing were recruited from patients seen in the genetics department at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. CALM locations were mapped using standard digital photography. Pigment intensity was measured with a narrowband spectrophotometer, which estimates the relative amount of melanin based on its absorption of visible light. The major response was defined as the difference between the mean melanin from the CALM and the mean melanin from the surrounding skin. The major response for each spot was compared with spots within an individual and across individuals in the study population. Results There was significant variability of the major response, primarily attributable to intrapersonal variability (48.4%, P P Limitations The study was performed on a small population of patients and the method has not yet been used extensively for this purpose. Conclusions CALMs vary in pigment intensity not only across individuals, but also within individuals and this variability was unrelated to sun exposure. Further studies may help elucidate the molecular basis of this finding, leading to an increased understanding of the pathogenesis of CALMs in NF1.
Modified long channel model for analytical study of DSM circuits

In this paper, we propose a simple modified long channel model for analytical study of deep submicron circuits. The effects of velocity saturation of carrier drift and channel length modulation are modeled explicitly. The proposed model has a form very similar to the long channel model and experiments show that this simple model matches BSIM3 result quite well for very deep submicron MOSFETs. The proposed model is illustrated through the analysis of an inverter for calculations of the logic threshold voltage and the propagation delay.
Psychosocial correlates of pelvic floor disorders in women seeking bariatric surgery.

Abstract Background Women who struggle with obesity are at a significant risk for pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), defined as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and/or fecal incontinence. The association between PFDs and reduced quality of life has been demonstrated; however, the psychosocial correlates of PFDs in women undergoing bariatric surgery have yet to be examined. The present study explored the potential psychosocial correlates of PFD. The setting was an academic medical center. Methods Data were analyzed from 421 female patients evaluated for bariatric surgery. Based upon a screening questionnaire, participants were dichotomized as women with PFDs (n = 121) and women without PFDs (n = 300). Patients completed the "Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 2nd ed., Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)," and medical records were reviewed for demographic data, body mass index, substance abuse/dependence history, history of physical and/or sexual abuse, psychiatric medication usage, and psychiatric diagnoses. MMPI-2-RF scales measuring depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and social support were examined. Results Women with PFDs were significantly older ( F 1,420 = 3.87, P P P P P P Conclusion Women with PFDs may be more psychiatrically vulnerable than other bariatric surgery candidates. Additional research on the association among PFDs, substance abuse, and depression is warranted. Future research should consider whether this potential relationship changes postoperative bariatric surgery.
Soybean dry matter and N accumulation responses to flooding stress, N sources and hypoxia

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is generally considered sensitive to flooding stress. Data on relative sensitivities of biomass accumulation and N 2 fixation to flooding stress, however, are limited. Additionally, it is not clear why plants dependent on N 2 fixation appear to be more flood-sensitive than plants supplemented with inorganic N. This study evaluated the response to flooding and N source of biomass and N accumulation in various soybean genotypes. Soybean plants were grown in a potting mixture in a greenhouse and flooded for 21 d in degassed nutrient solution. An additional experiment evaluated root hypoxia by exposing roots of plants to a gas mixture supplying 1.5 kPa pO 2 . Dry matter and N were determined at various times following the initiation of flood or low O 2 treatment. In all experiments, N 2 fixation was more sensitive to flooding than was biomass accumulation. The decrease in N 2 fixation occurred faster (within 7d of flooding) than the decrease in biomass (within 14-21 d), and the decrease in N 2 fixation was more pronounced than the decrease in biomass. Addition of nitrate decreased flood sensitivity relative to plants dependent on N 2 fixation. Plant response to hypoxia was similar to flooding. Biomass of plants with roots exposed to 1.5 kPa pO 2 was decreased by 34% when dependent on N 2 fixation and 12% when supplemented with nitrate. Collectively, the data indicate that decreased soybean growth under flooding is a result of decreased N 2 fixation and that supplementation of soybean plants with nitrate may improve their tolerance to flooding relative to those relying on N 2 fixation.
Use of Solar Energy in Poultry Production

Abstract A solar heating system has been designed, built, and tested that demonstrates that solar energy can reduce fossil-fuel requirements for heating broiler chicken houses in the Southeast US by about 90%. The general criteria for such a system are: 1) total flat-plate collector area of 6.7 m2 per 1000 chickens; 2) energy stored in water for use at night, with a storage capacity of 833 liters per 1000 chickens; 3) solar energy to be applied through the ventilation air; and 4) energy conservation techniques such as adequate house insulation, precision ventilation control, and limited-area brooding must be used to reduce energy used for heat in winter to the equivalent of 114 liters of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) per 1000 chickens.
Spiritual correlates of functional well-being in women with breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States and constitutes a major source of medical and psychological morbidity. The psychosocial sequelae, while not always severe, can last up to a year after diagnosis. This may be a time when spiritual and social resources become important. It is known that practical and emotional support during treatment for breast cancer benefits the patient's mood and quality of life, but it is unclear as to how spirituality and spiritual well-being may benefit the patient. This study examined this question by exploring the relationships between spirituality, spiritual well-being, physical well-being, functional well-being, mood, and adjustment style in a sample of 191 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer or who had metastatic cancer. The women were asked to complete questionnaires pertaining to the above topics at enrollment to a group intervention study. Measures of spirituality, spiritual well-being, physical well-being, functional well-being, mood, and adjustment style taken at the same point in time were then correlated with each other. There were more significant correlations of spirituality and spiritual well-being with functional well-being than physical well-being, but items pertaining to meaning and peace tended to correlate significantly with physical well-being. Spirituality also correlated significantly with several coping styles, but not avoidance as has been previously suggested. Regression analyses were also performed to find the best combination of variables to predict physical and functional well-being. A combination of social well-being and several questions pertaining to peacefulness accounted for 18% of the variance in physical well-being. However, a combination of social well-being and the spiritual scales accounted for 46% of the variance in functional well-being. When the spiritual scales were examined alone, they accounted for 40% of the variance in functional well-being. The results of this study confirm the importance of spirituality and spiritual well-being in both physical and functional well-being. Asking patients about the role of spirituality in their lives may be a useful marker to predict patient's ability to cope with stress in their lives and of their quality of life.
Multilingual communication disorders: exempla et desiderata

The opening paper of this new journal discusses various aspects of the 'multilingual clinical universe', such as minority-majority relations in teaching, service provision, and research, potentials for culture clash, and issues in assessment, intervention, and the cultural construction of order and disorder in communication.
Mesonephroma of the ovary

Abstract A case of ovarian tumor which microscopically corresponds to “Mesonephroma Ovarii” has been presented. The literature has been reviewed and the arguments for the histogenesis have been mentioned. It is felt that the evidence and arguments favor considering the tumor as an entity and that the term “mesonephroma” should be accepted at least until more evidence, pro or con, is forthcoming. The clinical features have been listed.
Loss of RB compromises specific heterochromatin modifications and modulates HP1α dynamics

Heterochromatin domains are important for gene silencing, centromere organization, and genomic stability. These genomic domains are marked with specific histone modifications, heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) binding and DNA methylation. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor, RB mediates transcriptional repression and functionally interacts with a number of factors that are involved in heterochromatin biology including HP1, Suv39h1, DNMT1, and components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. To analyze the specific influence of RB loss on chromatin modification, mouse adult fibroblasts (MAFs) derived from Rb(loxP/loxP) mice were utilized to acutely knockout RB. In this setting, target genes of RB are deregulated. Additionally, changes in histone modifications were observed. Specifically, histone H4 lysine 20 trimethylation was absent from heterochromatin domains following loss of RB and there were changes in the relative levels of histone modifications between RB-proficient and deficient cells. While RB loss significantly altered the modifications associated with heterochromatin domains, these domains were readily identified and efficiently mediated the recruitment of HP1alpha. Kinetic analyses of HP1alpha within the heterochromatin domains present in RB-deficient cells indicated that loss of RB retarded HP1alpha dynamics, indicating that HP1alpha is paradoxically more tightly associated with heterochromatin in the absence of RB function. Combined, these analyses demonstrate that loss of RB has global effects on chromatin modifications and dynamics.
Application of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System to chronic pelvic pain.

Abstract Study Objectives To apply the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) recently developed by the National Institutes of Health in patients with chronic pelvic pain. Secondary objectives included evaluation of individual pain categories and of the effect of the occurrence of myofascial abdominal wall and pelvic floor muscle pain. Design Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification III). Setting Chronic pelvic pain multidisciplinary referral center. Patients A total of 149 consecutive patients with chronic pelvic pain provided evaluable results. Interventions As part of a comprehensive evaluation, patients were assigned diagnoses based on standard criteria, and completed the 96-item short-form PROMIS. Measurements and Main Results Pain-related and global PROMIS scores were significantly worse than in the reference population (p Conclusion Chronic pelvic pain is associated with impaired quality of life regardless of the diagnosis, including myofascial pain.
Predictive Value of In Vitro Mutation Data to Guide Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Selection: Ready for Prime Time?

Significant advances in treatment and monitoring for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia have occurred over the last decade. With the introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, long-term outcomes have improved and new challenges, such as resistance, including mutations, have emerged. Research efforts into mutational analysis have intensified, with emphasis on the potential of using this technique to guide second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor selection. Although some data suggest that a small number of mutations may be associated with a less favorable response to treatment with one second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor versus another, these data need to be interpreted cautiously because they are derived primarily retrospectively from single-institution studies and a small number of patients. More research and clinical experience and a better understanding of the implications of in vitro data are needed before these data can be routinely incorporated into therapeutic decisions. Currently, there is no consensus on when to screen patients for mutations, what technique should be used, or how values should be reported. Selection of a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor should therefore be based upon its toxicity profile in conjunction with the patient's comorbidities and the practitioner's experience.
Veterans and Risk of Heart Disease in the United States: A Cohort with 20 Years of Follow Up

Background: The aim of the current study was twofold: To investigate the effect of veteran status on risk of developing heart disease over a period of 20 years in the United States and to test if socio‑economic characteristics, chronic conditions, health behaviors, body mass index (BMI) and depressive symptoms explain the association between veteran status and risk of heart disease. Methods: Data came from the Health and Retirement Study, a 20 year national cohort from 1992 to 2012. The study enrolled a representative sample of Americans over the age of 50. We included 8,375 individuals who were older than 50 years at entry, did not have heart disease at baseline and provided data on heart disease over the next 20 years. Veteran status was considered to be the independent variable. Self‑reported data on physician diagnosis of heart disease, which was measured on a biannual basis, was the outcome. Baseline socio‑economic data (i.e. age, gender, race, marital status and education), chronic conditions (diabetes and hypertension), health behaviors (i.e. drinking, smoking, and exercise), BMI and depressive symptoms (modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were entered into logistic regressions. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: Veterans were at higher risk of having a new onset of heart disease (unadjusted relative risk [RR] = 1.996, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.694‑2.351), compared with non‑veterans. Logistic regression confirmed the association between veteran status and heart disease (adjusted RR = 1.483, 95% CI = 1.176‑1.871) after controlling for all covariates.
Introducing computer science using a breadth-first approach and functional programming

We present a breadth-first, lecture- and lab-based approach to introducing Computer Science that uses functional programming. Functional programming provides a low-overhead introduction to programming (no types, few constructs, and little syntax), enabling students to write, in their first semester, programs sophisticated enough to exemplify important concepts of Computer Science. It also encourages good programming style (modular design and testing, e.g.) and serves as an introduction to an important problem-solving paradigm. The course gives the students a broad overview of Computer Science and helps them gauge their interest in the field.
Do residents of food deserts express different food buying preferences compared to residents of food oases? A mixed-methods analysis

Background: Many people lack access to food stores that provide healthful food. Neighborhoods with poor supermarket access have been characterized as “food deserts” (as contrast with “food oases”). This study explored factors influencing food buying practices among residents of food deserts versus food oases in the city of Boston, USA. Methods: We used the mixed-methods approach of concept mapping, which allows participants to identify, list, and organize their perceptions according to importance. Resulting maps visually illustrate priority areas. Results: Sixty-seven low-income adults completed the concept mapping process that identified 163 unique statements (e.g. relating to affordability, taste, and convenience) that influence food buying practices. Multivariate statistical techniques grouped the 163 statements into 8 clusters or concepts. Results showed that average cluster ratings and rankings were similar between residents of food deserts and food oases. Conclusions: The implication of this study pertains to the importance of community resources and emergency food assistance programs that have served to minimize the burden associated with hunger and poor food access among low-income, urban populations.
The Captured Gesture: Studio Performance at the Intersection of Thinking and Drawing

Gestures are inevitable and invaluable acts of expression that occur throughout the architectural design process. Students struggle at times to put complex ideas in drawings and words. Without fail, gestures telegraph this struggle; they are fleeting yet momentous links between thinking and drawing and between one’s personal design sensibility and the complex social and physical realm of architecture. This paper seeks to develop insights about the role and value of gestures in architecture by investigating their frequency, form and influence in the design studio. A proposed framework draws insights from sources such as psychology and art theory to speculate about the role of gesture in architectural design thinking. It assimilates different disciplinary perspectives in order to consider ways gestures as simultaneously personal and inter-subjective acts promote designers’ heightened intentionality and awareness. The framework is then applied to a design exercise that encourages the theatricality of gestures as living diagrams that bring haptic shape, motion and meaning to design dialogue.
Hemophilus influenzae type B cellulitis in adults

Cellulitis due to Hemophilus influenzae type B is a rare but treatable event in adults. Herein is described a 67-year-old woman with anterior neck cellulitis caused by H. influenzae type B, documented by positive blood culture results. Six additional cases reported in the literature are reviewed. The following clinical syndrome emerges: the patient is usually older than 50 years of age, and pharyngitis develops first, followed by the onset of high fever and rapidly progressive anterior neck swelling, tenderness, and erythema associated with dysphagia. Because the causative organism may be resistant to ampicillin, the early use of chloramphenicol is recommended along with a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin or cephalosporin (to cover other potential pathogens), or an appropriate third-generation cephalosporin that would also adequately cover all possible pathogens.
Structure of submonolayer oleic acid coverages on inorganic aerosol particles: evidence of island formation

A series of submonolayer deposition studies of oleic acid on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces has shown that oleic acid self-associates into islands rather than uniformly covering the surfaces. The studies were performed by vapor deposition on 1.6 μm diameter polystyrene aerosol particles as well as on polystyrene and silica surfaces. The surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry and contact-angle goniometry. After timescales of minutes to hours of vapor deposition at 70 °C, the oleic acid arranged itself in the form of islands with diameters of about 100 nm. Many of the islands are 25–30 A high, suggesting that the oleic acid sits vertically on the surface. The surface structure of oleic acid on particles is expected to impact on several atmospherically relevant properties such as the reactivity of the oleic acid and the hygroscopicity of the particles.
Use of folic acid and vitamin supplementation among adults with depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional, population-based survey

Evidence suggests that folate deficiency may be causatively linked to depressive symptoms. However, little is known on the status of use of folic acid and vitamin supplements among people with mental disorders. This study examined the prevalence and the likelihood of use of folic acid or vitamin supplements among adults with depression and anxiety in comparison to those without these conditions. Using data from 46, 119 participants (aged ≥ 18 years) in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, we estimated the adjusted prevalence and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for taking folic acid and vitamin supplements among those with ever diagnosed depression (n = 8, 019), ever diagnosed anxiety (n = 5, 546) or elevated depressive symptoms (n = 3, 978, defined as having a depression severity score of ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 diagnostic algorithm). Overall, women were more likely than men to take folic acid supplements 1-4 times/day (50.2% versus 38.7%, P < 0.001) and vitamin supplements (62.5% versus 49.8%, P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, men with ever diagnosed depression or anxiety were 42% and 83%, respectively, more likely to take folic acid supplements < 1 time/day; 44% and 39%, respectively, more likely to take folic acid supplements 1-4 times/day; and 40% and 46%, respectively, more likely to take vitamin supplements compared to men without these conditions (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Women with ever diagnosed depression were 13% more likely to take folic acid supplements 1-4 times/day and 15% more likely to take vitamin supplements than women without this condition (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Use of folic acid and vitamin supplements did not differ significantly by elevated depressive symptoms in either sex. The prevalence and the likelihood of taking folic acid and vitamin supplements varied substantially by a history of diagnosed depression among both men and women and by a history of diagnosed anxiety among men, but not by presence of elevated depressive symptoms in either sex.
The Gill Arches of Psilorhynchus (Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae)

Abstract Members of the genus Psilorhynchus are small cypriniform fishes adapted for life in the fast flowing streams of the Ganga–Brahmaputra drainage of India and Eastern Nepal and the Ayeyarwady drainage of Northern Myanmar and adjacent China. The systematic placement of Psilorhynchus within existing cypriniform classification schemes has been controversial since the creation of this genus by McClelland in 1839. Over the last 150 years Psilorhynchus has been assigned to, and removed from, the Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, and Cobitidae at least once and has even been placed in its own family, Psilorhynchidae. In this paper we investigate the gill-arch osteology of two species of Psilorhynchus (P. sucatio and P. balitora) and compare their general features to those of a ‘typical’ member of the Cyprinidae. Additionally, we reassess the most recent testable phylogenetic analyses to include species of Psilorhynchus. We conclude based on evidence from gill-arch osteology that Psilorhynchus is more closely relate...
Abdominal aortic aneurysms in women

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has long been recognized as a condition predominantly affecting males, with sex-associated differences described for almost every aspect of the disease from pathophysiology and epidemiology to morbidity and mortality. Women are generally spared from AAA formation by the immunomodulating effects of estrogen, but once they develop, the natural history of AAAs in women appears to be more aggressive, with more rapid expansion, a higher tendency to rupture at smaller diameters, and higher mortality following rupture. However, simply repairing AAAs at smaller diameters in women is a debatable solution, as even elective endovascular AAA repair is fraught with higher morbidity and mortality in women compared to men. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the effect of gender on AAA presentation, treatment, and outcomes. Additionally, we aim to review current controversies over screening recommendations and threshold for repair in women.
Sketching for M-estimators: a unified approach to robust regression

We give algorithms for the M-estimators minx||Ax − b||G, where A ∈ RnXd and b ∈ Rn, and ||y||G for y ∈ Rn is specified by a cost function G: R → R≥0, with ||y||G ≡ ΣiG(yi). The M-estimators generalize lp regression, for which G(x) = |x|p. We first show that the Huber measure can be computed up to relative error e in O(nnz(A) log n + poly(d(log n)/e)) time, where nnz(A) denotes the number of non-zero entries of the matrix A. Huber is arguably the most widely used M-estimator, enjoying the robustness properties of l1 as well as the smoothness properties of l2.We next develop algorithms for general M-estimators. We analyze the M-sketch, which is a variation of a sketch introduced by Verbin and Zhang in the context of estimating the earthmover distance. We show that the M-sketch can be used much more generally for sketching any M- estimator provided G has growth that is at least linear and at most quadratic. Using the M-sketch we solve the M-estimation problem in O(nnz(A) + poly(d log n)) time for any such G that is convex, making a single pass over the matrix and finding a solution whose residual error is within a constant factor of optimal, with high probability.
Observation of Microbial Structures in Rocks Using 3D Light Microscopy

Real-time 3D light microscopy provides a large depth of field and high resolution which have considerable advantages for the discovery and examination of microbial structures in rocks. In highly translucent specimens, real-time 3D observation in transmitted light offers a greater capability for rapid recognition of microbial features than do other 3D imaging methods such as light microscopy of serial sections or tilted specimens, scanning electron microscopy, stereology, confocal microscopy, or computed tomography. Application of this new technique to samples of Precambrian, Permian, Cretaceous, and Pleistocene age reveals an intriguing variety of probable microbial structures, particularly in sparry calcites. A direct view of the true spatial relationships among microbial structures and between microbial structures and mineral substrates provides essential clues for deciphering the controls on and timing of microbial activity relative to chemical and mechanical processes in rocks.
A Dramatization in Celebration of the Sesquicentennial of the Supreme Court of Georgia

This is a play I wrote at the request of the Georgia Supreme Court telling the Court's history through many of its most important and colorful characters. It was written as part of the Court's Sesquicentennial Celebration and was performed at the Celebration on March 13, 1996. It will be of interest primarily to those interested in Southern legal and judicial history.
Schema evolution analysis for embedded databases

Dynamic software updating research efforts have mostly been focused on updating application code and in-memory state. As more and more applications use embedded databases for storage, dynamic updating solutions will have to support changes to embedded database schemas. The first step towards supporting dynamic updates to embedded database schemas is understanding how these schemas change—so far, schema evolution studies have focused on large, enterprise-class databases. In this paper we propose an approach for automatically extracting embedded schemas from regular applications, e.g., written in C and C++, and automatically computing how schemas change as applications evolve. To showcase our approach, we perform a long-term schema evolution study on four popular open source programs that use embedded databases: Firefox, Monotone, BiblioteQ and Vienna. Our study spans 18 cumulative years of schema evolution and reveals that change patterns and frequency in embedded databases differ from schema changes in enterprise-class databases that formed the object of prior studies. Our platform can be used for performing long-term, large-scale embedded schema evolution studies that are potentially beneficial to dynamic updating and schema evolution researchers.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Photonic Crystal Directional Couplers

Systematic design of directional couplers in photonic crystals with controlled coupling length are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Coupler and waveguide bends are simultaneously optimized for frequency overlap and efficient waveguide coupling and bending.
The release of the orbital septum fat combining with the overlapping and suspending of the orbularis oculi muscle flap to correct the baggy deformity of the senile lower eyelids

Objective To explore an effective treatment for the senile baggy deformity of lower eyelid. Methods After the release of the orbital septum along the border of the orbital ,the orbital fat was transferred to correct the concave deformity of the lower orbital, and at the same time, the orbicularis oculi muscle flap was overlapped and suspended to strengthen the loosing skin and muscle. Results In a total of 32 patients with senile baggy deformity ,there is excellent result without little complications , and no reoccurrence was observed during the follow-up. Conclusion The release of the orbital fat and the overlapping and suspending of the orbicularis oculi muscle flap for the deformity of the lower eyelid shows to be an effective treatment.
Masquerading as Dementia

Distinguishing one type of dementia from another may be difficult without running many tests. However, distinguishing dementia from delirium or some other non-dementia condition presenting similar symptoms as those seen in dementia is crucial since such symptoms may be reversible after treatment. Delirium, for example, can usually be traced to a contributing factor such as medications, brain trauma, alcohol or drug abuse, surgery, infection, and a host of medical illnesses associated with high fever. Fever can cause delirium because high temperature (105 °F and over) can interfere with multiple processes involving brain metabolism.
Global Housing Markets and Monetary Policy Spillovers: Evidence from OECD Countries

What are the driving forces of housing market volatilities across countries within the context of financial globalization? To address this broad question, we integrate the Campbell-Shiller decomposition with a dynamic factor model and apply this approach to the housing price-rent ratios in 17 OECD countries. Our novel approach allows us not only to assess geographically the relative importance of global and country-specific factors in explaining the housing market volatilities, but also to distinguish economically between those housing market volatilities attributable to different economic driving forces including the expected rent growth, the expected risk free rate, and the housing risk premium, within global and country-specific factors respectively. We find that the housing market volatility for an average country is mainly driven by the global factors, especially during the years leading up to the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Furthermore, among the global factors it is the global housing risk premium component that is primarily responsible for the housing market volatility. Using a Structural Vector-Autoregressive (SVAR) model identified through the instrumental variable method, we find that an unexpected U.S. monetary policy tightening is typically followed by a persistent and statistically significant rise in the global housing risk premium with some lag to a run-up of the U.S. housing risk premium. Moreover, the local factor in U.S. housing risk premium tends to go up sharply around 2 years before a U.S. recession, and leads the global housing risk premium. Our findings are broadly in line with the credit or risk-taking channel of the monetary policy spillovers from the United States to the global financial markets.
DROP: Distributed Run-Time and Power Constraint Mapping for Many-Core Systems

The number of transistors per chip still steadily increases for each technology node generation. Fabrication processes and computing architectures have enabled the integration of hundreds of cores in the same chip leading to the design of many-core systems. Due to increased power and consequent thermal issues; power budget is a crucial constraint of computational resources. Consequently, only a subset of the available resources can be used at full throttle at any time, while the rest remain idle. Coping with increased power densities at run-time is a growing challenge in many-core systems. In this paper, we present a distributed run-time and power constraint mapping for many-core systems (DROP). The goal is to balance the power consumption in the platform. The model adopted is an agent-based power system for distributing power and managing Dynamic Frequency and Voltage (DVFS). In order to validate the model, we implemented our approach on a distributed shared memory system. The results show that the proposed methodology achieves a gain on an average of 28% in terms of mapping time.
Abstract 216: Minimally Invasive Surgery plus Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation (MISTIE) Leads to a Reduction in Perihematomal Edema

Background:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains the most devastating form of stroke without treatment. Secondary damage such as perihematomal edema (PHE) can negatively impact long-term outcome. ...
Communitarianism, Sociology of

Communitarianism is a social philosophy that favors social formulations of the good. It is often contrasted with liberalism, which assumes that the good should be determined by each individual. Early sociologists such as Ferdinand Tonnies, Emile Durkheim, and George Herbert Mead often analyzed issues of a communitarian nature, although none used the term itself. In the 1980s, Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, and Michael Walzer used the framework of communitarianism to provide a critique of liberal theory. Several other branches of communitarianism include ‘Asian’ communitarianism, which largely holds that social harmony must be maintained by curtailing individual rights and political liberties, and ‘new’ or ‘responsive’ communitarianism. Responsive communitarianism, which was established in the early 1990s, stresses a balance between rights and responsibilities, liberty and social order, and the importance of community versus both the state and the market. Its leading scholars include William A. Galston, Mary Ann Glendon, Thomas Spragens Jr., Alan Ehrenhalt, Philip Selznick, Robert Bellah, and Amitai Etzioni.
Robust secure design by increasing the resilience of Attack Protection Blocks

The state of art secure digital computing systems heavily rely on secure hardware as the Trusted Computing Base to build upon the chain of trust for trusted computing. Attack Protection Blocks are added to the hardware to prevent an adversary from bypassing the security provided by hardware using various side channel, voltage, frequency, temperature, and other attacks. However, attackers can target the security protection features by designing experiments to understand the underlying power distribution network and its possible weaknesses. This can be used to temporarily turn off or damage the protection features by manipulation of the digital and analog voltage lines if over- and/or under- voltage protection for protection blocks is not present. Usually, in designs, the necessity of such protection has been overlooked just by the assumption that the probability of bypassing the protection without losing the functionality of the system is low. In this context, we present a robust system design approach which will enable the system to transition to a security safe (instead of unsafe) failure mode by increasing resilience of protection blocks against over- and under- voltage attacks. We show by probabilistic modeling why such attacks are possible and why our mitigation approach works.