cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the cognitive functioning of glue-sniffers and nonsniffers

On the basis of psychologic tests which assess an individual's ability to maintain continuous attention and concentration, to solve problems in the face of distractions, and to exercise visual-motor coordination, the performance of chronic glue-sniffers was compared with that of control subjects. No significant statistical or qualitative differences were found between the two groups. These results failed to support the contention held by the popular press and some professional writers that glue-sniffing seriously impairs the central nervous system and psychologic-intellectual functioning. There are, however, cogent social-psychologic arguments for treatment of glue-sniffing among adolescents.
Extending Knowledge of Parents’ Role in Adolescent Development: The Mediating Effect of Self-esteem

Historically, scholars have consistently linked dimensions of parenting (e.g., support, control) to adolescent outcomes (e.g., internalizing and externalizing problems). Many now are working to identify the possible mechanisms that underlie these parenting effects. The present study extended an existing model by hypothesizing and testing adolescent self-esteem as a mediator of the association between perceived parenting (parental support, behavioral control, and psychological control) and youth outcomes (social initiative, depression, and antisocial behavior). Results from structural equation analyses of two, consecutive years of data from adolescents in the southwestern US showed that two aspects of self-esteem (i.e., positive self-esteem and self-derogation) mediated the effects of mothers’ and fathers’ psychological control on adolescent depression and antisocial behavior. The effects of maternal and paternal support and behavioral control were not mediated by adolescent self-esteem. Implications are discussed.
Hormones and the development of sex differences in behavior

Birds exhibit striking diversity in behavioral sex differences. A necessary complement to the study of the ecology and evolution of these sex differences is discovering the proximate physiological mechanisms for their development (sexual differentiation) and adult expression. Experiments with Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) have shown that sex differences in crowing, strutting, and sexual receptivity are produced partly or largely by hormonal dimorphism in adulthood (activational effects of sex steroid hormones), whereas the sex difference in copulatory mounting is produced by permanent actions of sex steroids occurring early in development, during the embryonic period in this precocial species (organizational effects). Experiments with zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), an altricial species, have revealed organizational effects on singing and mating that occur after hatching. In both species, sex differences in whether birds are interested in females vs. males are produced by organizational rather than activational effects. Results of experimental manipulations of sex steroid actions in juvenile zebra finches suggest hormonal regulation of the onset of interest in the opposite sex as sexual maturity is reached. Zebra finches are socially monogamous and permanently paired across breeding attempts. Experimental reduction of sex steroid actions had no effect on pairing success in either sex. The regulation of adult pair formation by sex hormones is more likely to occur in species that pair seasonally. The concepts of organization and activation and the results of these experiments raise a number of questions and are a potential source of hypotheses about developmental changes responsible for the evolution of species diversity in sex differences.
Comparing Aircraft-Based Remotely Sensed Energy Balance Fluxes with Eddy Covariance Tower Data Using Heat Flux Source Area Functions

Abstract In an effort to better evaluate distributed airborne remotely sensed sensible and latent heat flux estimates, two heat flux source area (footprint) models were applied to the imagery, and their pixel weighting/integrating functionality was investigated through statistical analysis. Soil heat flux and sensible heat flux models were calibrated. The latent heat flux was determined as a residual from the energy balance equation. The resulting raster images were integrated using the 2D footprints and were compared to eddy covariance energy balance flux measurements. The results show latent heat flux estimates (adjusted for closure) with errors of (mean ± std dev) −9.2 ± 39.4 W m−2, sensible heat flux estimate errors of 9.4 ± 28.3 W m−2, net radiation error of −4.8 ± 20.7 W m−2, and soil heat flux error of −0.5 ± 24.5 W m−2. This good agreement with measured values indicates that the adopted methodology for estimating the energy balance components, using high-resolution airborne multispectral imagery, ...
Venous Pressure as a Guide to Pneumoperitoneum Therapy in Pulmonary Emphysema

Summary 1)Venous pressures were determined during the administration of pneumoperitoneum in 10 patients with pulmonary emphysema. 2)Six patients showed a consistent drop or no change in venous pressure. All derived excellent benefits from pneumoperitoneum. 3)In three patients in whom a rise in venous pressure was recorded, pneumoperitoneum had to be discontinued because of respiratory embarrassment following it. 4)One patient who on one occasion had no change in venous pressure tolerated pneumoperitoneum well for three months. Subsequently, dyspnea became so incapacitating following the procedure that it had to be abandoned. A rise in venous pressure was noted during the last pneumoperitoneum. 5)An increase in diaphragmatic excursion is felt to be responsible for the lowering of venous pressure in the successful cases of pneumoperitoneum therapy. 6)Direct transmission of the intra-abdominal pressure increase to the intrapleural space through a fixed atrophic diaphragm, in the presence of markedly reduced pulmonary elasticity, blocks the flow of blood into the right heart with resultant increased venous pressure, decreased right cardiac output and stagnant anoxia. This accounts for the respiratory embarrassment in these patients following pneumoperitoneum. 7)Changes in venous pressures during pneumoperitoneum seem to be a good prognostic index for emphysematous patients in whom this form of treatment is contemplated.
Draft genome sequences of eight enterohepatic helicobacter species isolated from both laboratory and wild rodents.

, have beenidentiﬁed in patients with diarrhea, cholecystitis, and biliary neo-plasia (10–12), and it is well-documented that EHS can also infectother animal species, such as dogs, cats, geese, rhesus macaques,hamsters, gerbils, guinea fowl, and chickens (13–31).In this report, we announce the whole-genome sequencing ofeight EHS, including
Lateral incorporation of vacancies in Czochralski silicon crystals

Silicon crystals grown by the Czochralski process typically contain many structural imperfections termed microdefects. The formation of microdefects requires an abundance of one of the intrinsic point defect species of silicon, vacancies or self-interstitials. The distribution of microdefects in a growing Czochralski crystal is influenced by its temperature field and the boundary conditions defined by its surfaces. This paper addresses the effects of the lateral surface on the defect dynamics in a growing crystal in which both the intrinsic point defect species are in comparable and low concentrations, away from the lateral surface, at higher temperatures near the melt/crystal interface. Under such conditions, a moderate vacancy supersaturation develops in the vicinity of the lateral surface leading to the formation of oxygen clusters and small voids, at lower temperatures. The vacancy incorporation near the lateral surface is driven by an interplay among the Frenkel reaction, the diffusion of the intrinsic point defects, and their convection.
Miniaturization in Futuristic Clinical Laboratory Medicine

Time and space are very precious. Time can save money as well as life. Speedier diagnosis can make the difference between life and death with the quality of life hinging on the time between specimen collection and analysis. Hence, speed is of the essence in completing a clinical diagnostic task. In the 21st century, space, needless to say, is at a premium. We have seen in the last 30 years diagnostic devices getting smaller and smaller. In the future, an individual’s genome may be sequenced on a credit card sized device resulting in even greater miniaturization. The trend is clearly towards miniaturized miniaturization! It has been speculated that the pairing of miniaturization with nanotechnology may one day enable us to shrink the size of a mainframe computer to a size that it can be fitted inside a bacterium. This may not seem farfetched in an age bent on developing not only infinitely faster supercomputers but also infinitesimally smaller diagnostic devices. In this brief review, I will explore current trends and driving forces towards miniaturization and how it might impact on the practice of laboratory medicine in the next 2 decades.
Dynamically propagating shear bands in impact-loaded prenotched plates—I. Experimental investigations of temperature signatures and propagation speed

The initiation and propagation of shear bands are investigated by subjecting prenotched plates to asymmetric impact loading (dynamic mode-II). The materials studied are C-300 (a maraging steel) and Ti-6Al-4V. A shear band emanates from the notch tip and propagates rapidly in a direction nearly parallel to the direction of impact. When the impact velocity is higher than a critical value, the shear band propagates throughout the specimen. The shear band arrests inside the specimen when the impact velocity is below this critical value. In the latter case and for the C-300 steel, a crack initiates and propagates from the tip of the arrested shear band at an angle to the direction of shear band propagation. Microscopic examinations of the shear band and crack surfaces reveal a ductile mode of shear failure inside the shear band and an opening mode of failure for the crack. The coexistence of shear banding and fracture events in the same specimen signifies a transition in the modes of failure for this material under the conditions described. For Ti-6Al-4V, the only mode of failure observed is shear banding. While the transition is induced by changes in loading conditions, the different behaviors of these two materials suggest it is also related to material properties. The experimental investigation focuses on both the thermal and the mechanical aspects of the propagation of shear bands. Real time temperature histories along lines intersecting and perpendicular to and along the shear band path are recorded by means of a high speed infrared detector system. Experiments show that the peak temperatures inside the propagating shear bands increase with impact velocity. The highest temperature measured is in excess of 1400 °C or approximately 90% of the melting point of the C-300 steel. For Ti-6Al-4V, the peak temperatures are approximately 450 °C. In the mechanical part of the study, high speed photography is used to record the initiation and propagation of shear bands. Recorded images of propagating shear bands at different impact velocities provide histories of the speed of shear band propagation for the C-300 steel. A strong dependence of shear band speed on the impact velocity is found. The highest speed observed for the C-300 steel is approximately 1200 ms−1 or 40% of its shear wave speed.
Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A Comparison of Individual Psychotherapy and Bibliotherapy for Depressed Older Adults

Thirty-one community-residing older adults age 60 or over either received 16 sessions of individual cognitive psychotherapy (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979) or read Feeling Good (Burns, 1980) for bibliotherapy. Posttreatment comparisons with the delayed-treatment control indicated that both treatments were superior to a delayed-treatment control. Individual psychotherapy was superior to bibliotherapy at posttreatment on self-reported depression, but there were no differences on clinician-rated depression. Further, bibliotherapy participants continued to improve after posttreatment, and there were no differences between treatments at 3-month follow-up. Results suggest that bibliotherapy and that individual psychotherapy are both viable treatment options for depression in older adults.
Foreign-Training and China's Self-Strengthening: The Case of Feng-huang-shan, 1864–1873

One of the principal concerns of China's ‘self-strengthening movement’ in the T'ung-chih period (1862–1874) was the question of military reform. Organizational change was not a central issue, for the Ch'ing dynasty had already found in the innovative armies known as yung-ying (lit., ‘brave battalions’) a comparatively effective military system compatible with existing economic and administrative institutions. But changes in training methods—especially officer training—and weapons came to be viewed as essential to the self-strengthening effort. Experience in the huge and devastating Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864), together with the repeated humiliations suffered by China at the hands of foreigners in the two decades following the Opium War of 1839–1842, had brought the Ch'ing government to a greater awareness of the need for introducing Western-style weapons and training in Chinese armies. Particularly convincing was the effective use of foreign troops and foreign-officered contingents (such as the vaunted Ever-Victorious Army) against the Taipings in the area of Shanghai during 1862. But in Chinese eyes, the employment of foreign troops and officers could never be anything more than a temporary expedient. Ch'ing policy-makers aimed at eliminating dependence on foreigners as soon as possible, while building China's own military capabilities in order to contend with both internal and external challenges. These twin goals lay at the heart of self-strengthening.
Identifying Diagnostic Peptides for Lyme Disease through Epitope Discovery

Serum antibodies from patients with Lyme disease (LD) were used to affinity select peptide epitopes from 12 large random peptide libraries in phage display format. The selected peptides were surveyed for reactivity with a panel of positive sera (from LD patients) and negative sera (from subjects without LD), thus identifying 17 peptides with a diagnostically useful binding pattern: reactivity with at least three positive sera and no reactivity with any of the negative sera. The peptides define eight sequence motifs, none of which can be matched convincingly with segments of proteins from Borrelia burgdorferi, the LD pathogen; evidently, then, they are “mimotopes,” mimicking natural pathogen epitopes without matching contiguous amino acids of pathogen proteins. Peptides like these could be the basis of a new diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for LD, with sufficient specificity and sensitivity to replace expensive immunoblotting tests that are currently required for definitive serological diagnosis. Moreover, the method used to discover these peptides did not require any knowledge of the pathogen and involved generic procedures that are applicable to almost any infectious disease, including emerging diseases for which no pathogen has yet been identified. Serological diagnosis of infectious diseases relies on detection of pathogen-specific antibodies in the sera (or other fluids) of infected subjects. It uses generic processes—primarily detection of immunoglobulin bound to immobilized antigen— that are readily applied to a very wide variety of diseases. Furthermore, because of the tremendous amplification inherent in the antibody response, it can be very sensitive, although it has the intrinsic limitation of being unable to detect infection at extremely early times before the emergence of an antibody response. The widely publicized use of serological tests to screen people and donated blood for signs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection exemplifies the usefulness of this method of diagnosis. The strengths and weaknesses of serological diagnosis as currently practiced are well illustrated in the case of Lyme disease (LD). Ticks infected with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi cause about 15,000 cases of LD in the United States each year, making it the most common insect-borne malady in the country (53). About 70% of infected people experience an expanding “bull’s-eye” rash (erythema migrans) at the site of the tick bite (68). Within days to weeks, the spirochete may disseminate. Common manifestations of early disseminated infection include migratory joint pain, acute neurological involvement including meningitis, or cardiac abnormalities, particularly atrioventricular (AV) nodal block. Months to years later, untreated patients often develop intermittent or chronic arthritis, primarily affecting one or both knees. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent subsequent more severe consequences of the infection.
Incidental Axillary Coverage Comparison Between 3DCRT and Hybrid IMRT for Whole Breast Irradiation

21%), ER (P 47%, N 42%, unknown 11%); PgR (P 58%, N 32%, unknown 11%);EGFR score (0 72.2%, 1+ 27.7%) ; HER2 score (0 10.5%, 1+ 21%, 2+ 42.1%, 3+ 26.3%); GEP100 (1+ 57.9%, 2+ 42.1%); AMAP1(1+ 73.7%, 2+ 26.3%). For TRR, HR of each markers EGFR 1+, HE2 3+, GEP100 2+ and AMAP1 2+ were 2.17 (95% CI 0.71 -6.57; p 0.17), 2.51 (0.47-13.4; 0.28), 1.23 (0.48-3.14; 0.67) and 1.27 (0.4-4.03; 0.68) respectively. The Table shows the HR for TRR of combination of several markers. Existence of co-overexpression of GEP100 with EGFR has trend to early recurrence. None of following factors; margin status (N vs. P/C p Z 0.48 Log-Rank test), ER status (N vs. P; 0.58), PgR status (N vs. P; 0.32) and age (<50 vs 50 0.97), correlated with TRR. Conclusions: Consistent with a notion that expression of EGFR or HER2 is a bad prognosis factor, our study reveals that their expression indeed correlates with early recurrences of tumors after BCT. Our study moreover indicates that co-expression of components of GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1 pathway with these receptor tyrosine kinases remarkably increases risks of the early recurrence of BCT. Author Disclosure: R. Kinoshita: None. J. Nam: None. M. Hosoda: None. K. C. Kubota: None. M. Tanino: None. A. Hashimoto: None. Y. M Ito: None. S. Tanaka: None. H. Sabe: None. H. Shirato: None.
Hortatory operations in highway traffic management

This article examines two aspects of traffic management for highway networks. First, we introduce the term hortatory operations to describe highway traffic management as a type of human-machine system in which human operators have limited ability to directly control activities in the system. Instead, they must rely heavily on distributing messages of advice and encouragement as a means to achieve smooth traffic behavior. We discuss some of the features of this type of system. Second, we portray traffic management as a process that integrates both quantitative and qualitative information. We then describe the development and testing of a decision-aiding software tool that combines the two types of information. The tool supports traffic management by helping operators differentiate between demand-based and incident-based congestion. The decision aid's performance was investigated using real traffic data. The results of statistical analysis showed that the integrated process had superior performance compared to the "traditional" quantitative analysis running alone.
The Roles of Clostridium difficile and Norovirus Among Gastroenteritis-Associated Deaths in the United States, 1999–2007

Background. Globally, gastroenteritis is recognized as an important contributor to mortality among children, but population-based data on gastroenteritis deaths among adults and the contributions of specific pathogens are limited. We aimed to describe trends in gastroenteritis deaths across all ages in the United States and specifically estimate the contributions of Clostridium difficile and norovirus. Methods. Gastroenteritis-associated deaths in the United States during 1999–2007 were identified from the National Center for Health Statistics multiple-cause-of-death mortality data. All deaths in which the underlying cause or any of the contributing causes listed gastroenteritis were included. Time-series regression models were used to identify cause-unspecified gastroenteritis deaths that were probably due to specific causes; seasonality of model residuals was analyzed to estimate norovirus-associated deaths. Results. Gastroenteritis mortality averaged 39/1 000 000 person-years (11 255 deaths per year) during the study period, increasing from 25/1 000 000 person-years in 1999–2000 to 57/1 000 000 person-years in 2006–2007 (P< .001). Adults aged ≥65 years accounted for 83% of gastroenteritis deaths (258/1 000 000 person-years). C. difficile mortality increased 5-fold from 10/1 000 000 person-years in 1999–2000 to 48/1 000 000 person-years in 2006–2007 (P< .001). Norovirus contributed to an estimated 797 deaths annually (3/1 000 000 person-years), with surges by up to 50% during epidemic seasons associated with emergent viral strains. Conclusions. Gastroenteritis-associated mortality has more than doubled during the past decade, primarily affecting the elderly. C. difficile is the main contributor to gastroenteritis-associated deaths, largely accounting for the increasing trend, and norovirus is probably the second leading infectious cause. These findings can help guide appropriate clinical management strategies and vaccine development.
Sex differences and susceptibility to interpersonal persuasion.

(1965). Sex Differences and Susceptibility to Interpersonal Persuasion. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 91-94.
Managing Knowledge for Organization-Wide Ad Hoc Committees

Organization and industry-wide ad hoc committees are often formed to develop solutions to crises that are ill-defined. Knowledge available to such committees is at best scattered and possibly nonexistent within the organization. The present work describes an environment created to provide the committee members with the tools to collect, organize, and utilize the knowledge for them to complete their task. The environment makes use of topic maps as the knowledge structure. A distributed system has been implemented to support the proposed environment and demonstrate feasibility.
Airway Wall Liquid: Sources and Role as an Amplifier of Bronchoconstriction

Airway liquid balance in asthma is largely determined by active plasma exudation from tracheobronchial microvessels into the interstitial spaces of the mucosa, submucosa, and/or adventitia, and from there into the luminal space. This exuded plasma is rich in proteins and cell mediators capable of initiating several events, including activation of sensory neural pathways, plasma protein cleavage, inflammatory cell recruitment, and inhibition of surfactant function. It can act to amplify the bronchoconstrictor response by increasing mucosal and/or submucosal thickness, altering mechanical properties of airway wall compartments, decoupling the airway wall from parenchymal attachments, filling airway interstices, and by creating an additional inward force because of surface tension, resulting in further airway constriction and possibly closure and thereby significantly increasing airways resistance.
Family Presence During Resuscitation and Invasive Procedures in Pediatric Critical Care: A Systematic Review

Background In pediatric critical care, family-centered care is a central theme that ensures holistic care of the patient and the patient's family. Parents expect and are encouraged to be involved in the care of their child throughout all phases of the child's illness. Family presence is generally accepted when the child's condition is stable; however, there is less consensus about family presence when the child becomes critically ill and requires resuscitation and/or invasive procedures. Methods The PRISMA model guided this systematic literature search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Ovid, and PubMed for articles published between 1995 and 2012. Specific search terms used included pediatric intensive care, parent presence, family presence, pediatrics, invasive procedures, and resuscitation. Results This literature search yielded 117 articles. Ninety-five abstracts were evaluated for relevance. Six articles met criteria and were included in this review. The findings indicate that parents want to be present during invasive procedures and resuscitation, would choose to be present again, recommend being present to others, and would not have changed anything about the presence experience. Parents who were present had better coping and better adjustment to the child's death. Parents who were not present reported more distress. Conclusions These studies support the suggestion that family presence during resuscitation and invasive procedures increases parents' satisfaction and coping. However, the generalizability of these findings is limited by small sample sizes and inconsistent evaluation of confounding variables. Further research is needed to determine the benefits of family presence and prevent barriers to true implementation.
A Genome-Wide Chronological Study of Gene Expression and Two Histone Modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K9ac, during Developmental Leaf Senescence

The genome-wide abundance of two histone modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K9ac (both associated with actively expressed genes), was monitored in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at different time points during developmental senescence along with expression in the form of RNA sequencing data. H3K9ac and H3K4me3 marks were highly convergent at all stages of leaf aging, but H3K4me3 marks covered nearly 2 times the gene area as H3K9ac marks. Genes with the greatest fold change in expression displayed the largest positively correlated percentage change in coverage for both marks. Most senescence up-regulated genes were premarked by H3K4me3 and H3K9ac but at levels below the whole-genome average, and for these genes, gene expression increased without a significant increase in either histone mark. However, for a subset of genes showing increased or decreased expression, the respective gain or loss of H3K4me3 marks was found to closely match the temporal changes in mRNA abundance; 22% of genes that increased expression during senescence showed accompanying changes in H3K4me3 modification, and they include numerous regulatory genes, which may act as primary response genes.
Political Science and Fundamental Research

In my Presidential Address to the Public Choice Society in 1997 (Munger 2000), I challenged my audience, claiming that the fundamental human problem is not currently being addressed in any coherent way by the social sciences. While this claim may be too strong, I stand by it. I also claimed then, and believe now, that political science is the only discipline capable of addressing the "fundamental
The Study of Deaf People’s Intelligence

Deaf people provide a compelling natural experiment in the study of intelligence. The outcomes of this natural experiment are summarized in this chapter. Published and unpublished studies of deaf people deliberately, and in some cases unwittingly, describe the consequences of language deprivation, high rates of organic trauma, and the many other factors associated with deafness. Many studies intended to draw a parallel between the conditions experienced by deaf people and their consequent intelligence; many other studies simply reported intelligence test scores as part of research unrelated to deafness as a natural experiment. Regardless of the intent of the study, research reporting deaf people’s performance on tests of intelligence was examined and included in this review.
A Case of Familial Angiolipomatosis With Lisch Nodules

Abstract Familial angiolipomatosis is a rare syndrome that may be confused clinically with neurofibromatosis type 1. This condition is most often inherited in an autosomal recessive manner; however, several reports have been published suggesting an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Angiolipomatosis, although somewhat disfiguring, is a benign condition with no known association with malignant neoplasms. This is in contradistinction to neurofibromatosis, an autosomal dominant syndrome associated with a myriad of benign and malignant neoplasms. It is, therefore, important to discriminate this entity from neurofibromatosis when a patient presents with multiple subcutaneous tumors and a family history of similar lesions. Described is a case of a prison inmate with a history of seizures and “neurofibromatosis” without clinical documentation. Lisch nodules were noted on the irides. Postmortem examination showed multiple subcutaneous yellow tumors on the chest and arms. Fine-needle aspiration of 1 mass yiel...
Evaluating Aspen Responses to Changes in Elk Abundance, Distribution and Behavior Following Wolf Reestablishment in West-Central Yellowstone National Park

The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park created a unique “natural experiment” to study trophic interactions in a large-scale terrestrial system among wolves, elk, and aspen. This study utilized data from a long-term elk demography study that was established prior to wolf reintroduction. Significant changes in the abundance and distribution of the Madison headwaters elk herd were observed following wolf reestablishment. The spatial arrangement of these changes made it possible to directly test for the occurrence of a density-mediated trophic cascade. The objectives of this study were to answer the following questions: 1) was there a marked decrease in browsing pressure on aspen where elk densities declined, and 2) was there a corresponding plant-growth response indicating that aspen were released from browsing pressure? Historical browsing conditions and aspen height were observed for 31 aspen stands to assess the occurrence of a density-mediated trophic cascade following wolf reintroduction. Browse conditions and aspen morphology in stands where elk densities declined dramatically following wolf reintroduction were compared to stands that experienced persistent heavy browsing throughout this period. A major decline in browsing pressure along with a modest increase in aspen height and leader longevity was detected, supporting the hypothesis of a density-mediated trophic cascade. However, the magnitude of the growth response was weak, suggesting that browsing was not the dominant limiting factor to aspen growth in the study area and that aspen may be more strongly limited by bottom-up regulation.
Rapid gravity gradiometry terrain correction via adaptive quadtree mesh discretization

We present a method for modelling the terrain response in gravity gradiometry surveys utilizing an adaptive quadtree mesh discretization. The data-dependent method is tailored to provide rapid and accurate spatial terrain corrections for ground, seaborne, or draped airborne surveys. The surface used in the modelling of terrain effect at each datum is discretized automatically to the largest cell size that will yield the desired accuracy, resulting in much faster modelling than full-resolution calculations. The largest cell sizes within the model occur in areas of minimal correction and at large distances away from the data location. We show synthetic and field examples for proof of concept. The adaptive quadtree method reduces the computational cost of the field example by performing 99.7% fewer calculations than the full model would require while retaining an accuracy of one Eotvos for the gradient data.
Anatomical Masses vs. Viable Tumor

The extent of tumor viability by FDG-PET differs significantly from size of tumors as determined by CT. This discrepancy has important implications for biopsy and radiation planning. PET/CT allows a targeted approach to these interventions. Molecular PET imaging with FDG is the only non-invasive tool that permits to differentiate viable tumor from benign anatomical masses. The identification of viable tumor will gain considerable importance in the planning of biopsies and radiation treatment. It is hoped that a PET based approach to these interventions will result in higher diagnostic accuracy of biopsies and in more accurate delineation of the radiation target.
CME stands for commercial medical education: and ACCME still won't address the issue

Dr McMahon, who directs the US Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), criticises1 our article on how continuing medical education (CME) was used to sell hypoactive sexual desire disorder,2 stating that we ‘provide no supporting evidence’ for our claims that CME courses are an important marketing tool. Perhaps he missed the references in our article, but additional studies support our points.3–9 Dr McMahon also claims that industry supported only 11% of CME activities.1 ,10 However, ACCME doesn't count two forms of industry funding as commercial support. In 2011, ACCME stopped requiring reporting of in-kind support, defined as ‘nonmonetary resources provided by a commercial interest in support of a CME activity’. Examples include ‘equipment, supplies, and facilities’.11 In other words, industry can pay for meeting space, hotel rooms, audiovisual costs, food and other costs related to a CME event—but as long as the money is paid directly to a hotel, caterer and the like, none of the money is reported as commercial support. Also, advertising …
Pictorial review of hybrid imaging application in initial staging of breast cancer: Comparison to conventional imaging modalities and institutional experience

1362 Learning Objectives The purpose of this exhibit is as follows: 1. Pictorial review of initial staging of breast cancer utilizing hybrid imaging in our institution. 2. Review of indications and efficacy of hybrid imaging in staging of breast cancer in the current literature. 3. Review of potential artifacts, false negative, false positive and mimickers of Hybrid Imaging. Content organization: The following topics will be discussed: 1. Comparing PET/CT (including dedicated breast PET/CT and whole body PET/CT) with conventional imaging modalities for specific T, N and M staging of breast cancer, through visual portrayals and summary of current literature review. 2. Provide specific examples of false positives and false negatives encountered with PET/CT. Conclusions and future applications: University of California Davis Medical Center is one of the first institutions to construct a dedicated breast PET/CT system, with the goal of improved spatial resolution and sensitivity. The combination of dedicated breast and whole body PET/CT potentially offers more precise TNM staging for a broader range of breast cancer stages in the future. This exhibit aims to evaluate and compare the current and prospective uses of PET/CT in the initial staging of breast cancer.
The Progressive Struggle with Courts: A Problematic Asymmetry

In a century-long battle revolving around courts, conservatives are defenders of the rule of law, while progressives are the champions of justice. This has created an asymmetry, with conservatives occupying the high rhetorical ground and progressives struggling to square their position with the judicial duty to apply the law. This essay explores why progressives find themselves hooked on this asymmetry and what they might do to extricate themselves from it.
The Influence of Environmental Temperature Upon Egg Components of Domestic Fowl

Abstract BENNION and Warren (1933) showed that the components of the egg decreased in weight when hens were exposed to high environmental temperature. The shell and albumen decreased considerably more than the yolk in proportion to their weight, which indicates that the oviduct may be more sensitive than the ovary to high environmental temperatures. Smith et al. (1954) reported that egg size and the proportion of albumen to yolk were influenced by environmental temperature. Cotterill et al. (1962) have reported that small eggs tend to contain a higher proportion of yolk. Lorenz and Almquist (1936) observed that high environmental temperature depresses egg size but the percentage of firm white and shell weight remains unchanged. Sauter et al. (1954) reported there was a consistent seasonal decline in the physical quality of eggs from spring to summer. This experiment was designed to determine whether or not environmental temperature influenced the water content of…
The potential of genetic and gene expression analysis in the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders

Neuropsychiatric disorders are difficult to diagnose because of phenotypic heterogeneity within and symptomatic overlap between disorders. This review describes how genomics and blood-based gene expression have shown potential as biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder) yet also discusses how a complex genetic landscape has limited sole genetic diagnostic tools for these disorders. In addition to their potential use as classifiers for neuropsychiatric disorders, genomic and blood-based biomarkers have revealed clues to the molecular pathways contributing to etiology. A comprehensive overview of studies to date has been given, and the authors provide suggestions for steps to be taken to ultimately move the laboratory-based classifiers towards application in a clinical setting. Furthermore, they share their vision for the future of these classifiers, both in clinical application and in opening up new ways to gain insights into the underlying biology.
Flash3D Technology Which Support GPU

Application of 3D is already a wide range used technology. With the development of Internet, more and more applications are extended to the Internet, but the application relates to the 3D is not enough, in recent years, the development of many new technologies for 3D technology based on Web has injected new vitality. This paper mainly studies Web3D Technology based on the Adobe Flash platform. First introduces the work principle of Flash3D, then describes some 3D engine, finally, based on a 3D engine, the paper researched a series of key technologies to create a 3D scene, and realize a demo example.
Analysis of Dynamics Simulation of Vibrating Feeder with Friction Damper

The article introduces the structure of Vibrating Feeder, which has Friction Damper, and sets up a mechanical model for it under the condition of simple harmonic oscillation, which not only has frictional damping, but also has viscous damping. By expanding the friction to Fourier series, gets the first item to approximate, so obtains the general expressions about amplitude and phase. Then with the help of the software(Matlab), calculates the parameters about amplitude and phase, plots amplitude-frequency characteristic curves and phase-frequency characteristic curves of variable frictional damping and viscous damping. Referring to these curves, discusses the dry friction's influence on amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic, points out that it is an efficient way to use both of the frictional damping and the viscous damping to lower amplitude, when resonating, the amplitude lowers in a linear way as the linear increased friction damping, and if the value of the viscous damping is smaller, the dry friction can influence the phase-frequency characteristic greater.
Treatment of recurrent arrhythmia in a two year old child.

A two year old girl was brought to the hospital emergency room because of a fainting episode. The diagnosis was paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, a rare and challenging therapeutic problem in young children. The treatment described in the case history demonstrates the value of lidocaine and propranolol in managing recurrent arrhythmias in pediatric patients. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the combined use of these agents in a child so young.
Measurement of uterine blood flow and uterine metabolism: II. The techniques of catheterization and cannulation of the uterine veins and sampling of arterial and venous blood in pregnant women☆

Abstract The techniques of catheterization and cannulation of the uterine veins and sampling of venous and arterial blood for measurement of uterine blood flow have been described. The advantages, disadvantages, and difficulties of each technique are discussed.
Abstract 3803: Development of genetic and chemical tools for understanding the recruitment of DOT1L in MLL-fusion driven leukemia and normal hematopoiesis

Leukemias harboring rearrangements of mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL1) are associated with poor clinical outcomes, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Rearrangements of the MLL1 gene generate fusion oncoproteins which drive the high expression of the clustered homeobox (HOX) genes and induce leukemic transformation. Genome wide histone methylation studies have revealed that the abnormal expression of MLL1 fusion target genes is associated with high levels of histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methylation. Recruitment of DOT1L (disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like), a unique histone methyltransferase that catalyzes methylation of H3K79, proved to be essential for the transforming activity of multiple MLL fusion proteins. To gain insights into the unique functions of DOT1L in MLL-driven leukemia, we elucidated the mechanisms of DOT1L recruitment to the MLL fusion partners. The binding site was mapped to a short segment of 10 amino acids in DOT1L and peptides derived from this region disrupted the interaction between DOT1L and MLL-AF9. DOT1L mutants lacking these 10 residues did not support transformation by MLL-AF9. This discovery has established a foundation for disease-specific therapies that target chromatin modifications in highly malignant leukemias. Applying high throughput screening approach several different chemical classes of small molecules that disrupt the protein-protein interactions between DOT1L and oncogenic MLL-fusion proteins were identified and validated. To evaluate if the AF9-binding domain of DOT1L is critical for its functions in normal hematopoietic stem cells as opposed to leukemias driven by MLL fusion proteins, genetic tools were developed to functionally investigate the importance of the DOT1L AF9-binding domain in MLL-AF9-driven leukemia and its role in the physiological functions of DOT1L in normal hematopoiesis. Our findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of the DOT1L complex through disrupting the AF9-DOT1L interactions may provide therapeutic benefits in an array of malignancies with abnormal HOXA gene expression. Citation Format: Sierrah Grigsby, Jennifer Chase, James Ropa, Justin Serio, Chenxi Shen, Martha Larsen, Preston Donover, Melvin Reichman, Andrew Muntean, Ivan Maillard, Zaneta Nikolovska-Coleska. Development of genetic and chemical tools for understanding the recruitment of DOT1L in MLL-fusion driven leukemia and normal hematopoiesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3803.
Valproate-Induced Hyperandrogenism in Girls

The reproductive endocrine function in 41 girls, 8 to 18 years old, treated with valproate for epilepsy and in 54 healthy control girls was evaluated at the University of Oulu, Finland.
A vectorized and parallelized assembly transport method for nuclear reactor core analysis

The purpose of this study is to develop an accurate and cost effective methodology for solving the neutron transport equation in X-Y geometry. The proposed methodology is based on the integral transport equation. A new transfer probability method has been developed which removes the modelling limitations of the collision probability method encoded in the CPM-2 computer code. These limitations, infinite lattice geometry and isotropic scattering, inhibited the use of CPM-2 for global reactor calculations. The method is based on the use of collision, escape and transmission probabilities, together with linearly anisotropic scattering, for the assembly level calculations. The double $P\sb0$ or $P\sb1$ expansion of the angular flux on the assembly boundaries has been utilized. One of the primary objectives of this thesis has been to develop an accurate and efficient parallel-vector transport algorithm which can utilize advanced supercomputer architectures. The original CPM-2 transport algorithm has been successfully vectorized and parallelized with an order of magnitude reduction in CPU time, and a factor of 20 reduction in wallclock time. With the new parallel/vector transfer probability method (for isotropic scattering), the total CPU time has been reduced by a factor of 40, and the total wallclock time by a factor of 50. The transfer probability calculation is two orders of magnitude faster than the collision probability matrix calculation in the original code, with a factor of 400 reduction in wallclock time. The transmission probability method has been successfully applied to the standard BWR and PWR assemblies. The numerical results compare well with the TWODANT and CPM-2 reference solutions with isotropic scattering, and the TWODANT reference solutions with linearly anisotropic scattering.
Crystalline Cobalt Oxide Films for Sustained Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution under Strongly Acidic Conditions

Earth-abundant materials capable of catalyzing the electrochemical decomposition of water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen are necessary components of many affordable water-splitting technologies. However, water oxidation catalysts that facilitate sustained oxygen evolution at device-relevant current densities in strongly acidic electrolytes have been limited almost exclusively to precious metal oxides. Here, we show that nanostructured films of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates, made by first depositing Co onto FTO and heating in air at 400 °C to produce films having a robust electrical and mechanical Co3O4/FTO interface, function as active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 0.5 M H2SO4. The Co3O4/FTO electrodes evolve oxygen with near-quantitative Faradaic yields and maintain a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for over 12 h at a moderate overpotential of 570 mV. At lower current densities that require lower overpotentials, sustained oxygen productio...
A Physical Model-based Correction for Charge Traps in the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 Near-IR Detector and Its Applications to Transiting Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs

NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program [NNX16AP54H]; Technology Research Initiative Fund (TRIF) Imaging Fellowship, University of Arizona; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX15AD94G]; NASA through a grant from Space Telescope Science Institute [12314, 13418, 14241]; NASA [NAS5-26555]
Dietary Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. In a genetically susceptible host, environmental factors may trigger dysregulation of the immune response and lead to the development of chronic inflammation. Epidemiological studies suggest that environmental factors may be responsible for the recent increase in the worldwide incidence of IBD. The gut microbiota and dietary intake are the two largest environmental exposures for the gastrointestinal tract. Multiple studies have suggested that the microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, but dietary intake has been shown to change the composition and the function of the microbiota, suggesting that it, too, may be a potential therapeutic target in IBD. The typical westernized diet, containing high amounts of animal fat, refined sugars, and processed foods with limited fresh fruits, vegetables, and fiber, seems to be associated with an increased risk of IBD. In this chapter we summarize epidemiological data supporting the role of diet in IBD, show that the composition of the gut microbiota is heavily influenced by diet, and describe the relationship between macronutrients, food additives, oral supplements, and IBD. We also review the literature regarding a number of structured diets proposed to treat IBD including exclusive and partial enteral nutrition, specific carbohydrate diet, IBD anti-inflammatory diet, low-FODMAP diet, and Crohn’s disease exclusion diet.