cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors in youth: A longitudinal analysis in the EPOCH cohort

Objective To examine associations of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with offspring cardiovascular biomarkers from late childhood through adolescence. Methods We used mixed effects linear regression models to examine associations of maternal GDM (n = 92 cases of 597) with average offspring levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) across two research visits spanning approximately 10.6 and 16.9 years of age. In sex-stratified analysis, we evaluated the impact of adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, pubertal status, physical activity and total energy intake, maternal body mass index (BMI), GDM treatment, and child's BMI. Results After adjusting for child's age, pubertal status, race/ethnicity, and maternal education and smoking, GDM exposure was associated with higher total (0.38 [95% CI, 0.16-0.61] mmol/L) and LDL cholesterol (0.34 [95% CI, 0.14-0.53] mmol/L) in girls. These estimates were robust to adjustment for lifestyle characteristics and maternal BMI but were attenuated after accounting for GDM treatment with no appreciable change following further adjustment for current BMI. In boys, maternal GDM corresponded with 4.50 (1.90-7.10) mmHg higher SBP. This association persisted after accounting for sociodemographic/lifestyle characteristics, maternal BMI, and GDM treatment but was attenuated after adjusting for current BMI. Conclusions Maternal GDM is related to offspring lipid profile and SBP in a sex-specific manner.
Large Scale Evaluation of Importance Maps in Automatic Speech Recognition.

In this paper, we propose a metric that we call the structured saliency benchmark (SSBM) to evaluate importance maps computed for automatic speech recognizers on individual utterances. These maps indicate time-frequency points of the utterance that are most important for correct recognition of a target word. Our evaluation technique is not only suitable for standard classification tasks, but is also appropriate for structured prediction tasks like sequence-to-sequence models. Additionally, we use this approach to perform a large scale comparison of the importance maps created by our previously introduced technique using "bubble noise" to identify important points through correlation with a baseline approach based on smoothed speech energy and forced alignment. Our results show that the bubble analysis approach is better at identifying important speech regions than this baseline on 100 sentences from the AMI corpus.
Patriotism and Its Avatars: Tracking the National–Global Dialectic in Music Videos and Television Commercials

In recent years, discussions in social sciences and postcolonial studies have identified cosmopolitanism and post-nationalism as two major notions that seek to surpass the nation-state. As a framing device for the paradigm of globalization, certain components of the post-national thesis have indeed proved influential in explaining the gradual erosion of the old certainties of nation-state, but do not adequately explain how the nation-state itself is accommodating globalization to preserve, and thereby strengthen, its hegemony. Interestingly, the ascendancy of such ideas has been accompanied by the gradual dislodging of materialist critiques of capitalist expansion (read: globalization) in the postcolonial world. One can discern a certain disquiet that prevails behind the sophistications and subtleties through which the contemporary moment of globalization is being theorized. In postcolonial India, the two ‘cultural systems’, nationalism and globalization, have an enduring influence, and it would be theoretically significant to trace their mutual effects in the context of the music video genre, particularly the procedures through which ideas of patriotism get articulated. Leela Fernandes (2000: 612) probed the post-national thesis by examining ‘the ways in which “globality” is invented through the deployment of nationalist narratives’, while pointing out to the ‘hybrid’ relationship between the national and the global, and the place of gender in such configurations. In addition, Arvind Rajagopal (1998: 16) noted that the national and the global were increasingly being shaped by Hindu themes and idioms, which coincided with the expansion of state-run television thereby creating a single mediated visual regime from the late 1980s. Indeed, for Rajagopal, the confluence of several forces such as economic liberalization facilitated the rise of right-wing politics in India. For Rajagopal, therefore, [the] visual regime was largely shaped in a struggle between the Hindu Right and its secular opponents, where, it is fair to say, the Hindu Right gained most ground. It was from this reformulated political consensus that advertising culture drew its fundamental understandings of the mode of signifying relations between the diverse classes and communities that comprise Indian society. Through advertisements we can see the reflected and changing shape of an increasingly Hinduized public.
Bidirectional sex-dependent regulation of α6 and β3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by protein kinase Cε.

Nicotine and alcohol are the most commonly abused substances worldwide and are frequently coabused. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the α6 and β3 subunits are expressed in neural reward circuits and are critical for nicotine and alcohol reward. nAChRs are dynamically regulated by signaling molecules such as protein kinase C epsilon (PKCe), which impact transcription of α6 and β3 subunit mRNA (Chrna6 and Chrnb3, respectively). Previous work found decreased expression of Chrna6 and Chrnb3 transcripts in the ventral midbrain of male PKCe-/- mice, who also consume less nicotine and alcohol compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Using RT-qPCR, we show that female PKCe-/- mice have higher expression of Chrna6 and Chrnb3 transcripts in the ventral midbrain, which functionally impacts nAChR-dependent behavior as female but not male PKCe-/- mice exhibit locomotor hypersensitivity to low-dose (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) nicotine. Female PKCe-/- mice show no differences in alcohol-induced sedation in the loss-of-righting reflex assay (4.0 g/kg i.p.) compared with WT littermates, whereas male PKCe-/- mice have enhanced sedation compared with WT mice. Female PKCe-/- mice also show reduced immobility time in response to varenicline (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) compared with WT littermates in the tail suspension test, and this effect was absent in male mice. Additionally, we found that female PKCe-/- mice show altered alcohol and nicotine consumption patterns in chronic voluntary two-bottle choice assays. Our data reveal a bidirectional effect of sex in the transcriptional regulation of nicotinic receptors by PKCe, highlighting the importance of studying both sexes in preclinical animal models.
National Trends in Utilization and Outcome of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Elderly

Abstract Objective Octogenarians were excluded and/or underrepresented in the major endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) randomized controlled trials, but continue to make up a growing proportion of stroke patients. To evaluate real-world trends in utilization and outcome of EVT in patients ≥80 years in a large nationally representative database. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2014-2016), we identified patients admitted to United States hospitals with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who also underwent EVT. The primary endpoint was good outcome (discharge to home/acute rehabilitation center). Poor outcome (discharge to skilled nursing facility or hospice and in-hospital mortality), intracerebral hemorrhage and in-hospital mortality were secondary outcome measures. Results In 376,956 patients with AIS, 6,230(1.54%) underwent EVT. 1,547(24.83%) were ≥80. The rate of EVT in AIS patients ≥80 more than doubled from 0.83%(n = 317) in 2014 to 1.83%(n = 695) in 2016. The rate of good outcome in patients ≥80 was 9%, significantly lower than younger patients (26%, p Conclusions A two-fold increase in the utilization of EVT in patients ≥80 years of age was seen from 2014 to 2016. While the comparative rate of good outcome is significantly lower in this age group, elderly patients with fewer comorbidities demonstrated better outcomes after EVT.
Hybrid Toroidal Resonance Response in Planar Core-Shell THz Metasurfaces

Toroidal resonance of planar structure is feasible and interesting for many appealing applications. We numerically and experimentally investigated the toroidal resonances in a planar metamaterial comprising core-shell structures and its constituent core and shell components at THz frequencies. The investigated structure demonstrated sharp toroidal and hybrid toroidal resonance modes in 0.2–0.3 THz range. Our analysis showed that these modes could be explained by the interaction of resonance toroidal modes of the shell and core components. The response of the investigated planar core-shell toroidal metasurface is notably geometry dependent and can be easily tuned by tailoring the device geometry. Presented work can be used for advanced THz photonics applications, including precise bio-sensing, narrow-band filters, fast-switching, and modulation.
Case-control study in ALS using the National ALS Registry: lead and agricultural chemicals are potential risk factors

Objective: To identify occupational risk factors for ALS using well-characterized participants with ALS (P-ALS), sibling controls (S-controls), and matched population controls (P-controls) within t...
Rydberg Atom-Based AC/DC Voltage Measurements

We determine DC and AC electric field strengths through measurements of Stark shifts in Rydberg electromagnetically-induced transparency. This demonstrates the potential for Rydberg atom-based calibrations of AC/DC voltage sources from 0-12 V.
Andrés Hurtado y la travesía del héroe fracasado en El árbol de la ciencia (1911) de Pío Baroja

In this article, a reading of The Tree of Knowledge (1911) by Pio Baroja is presented as a classic hero’s journey. This research paper sketches the evolution of Andres Hurtado as a heroic character; identifies the archetypes in the novel’s characters and analyzes the twelve phases of the hero’s journey. Such a reading is possible, since the archetypes and stages of the hero’s journey are clearly identifiable; yet still, Hurtado, despite fulfilling the characteristics of the hero archetype and making his journey, could be considered a failed hero, since he commits suicide before the end of his adventure.
The Hall Effect in the Context of Nineteenth-Century Physics

Hall’s motivation for carrying out the experiment whose result bears his name attests to the value of a close reading of an established text. Writing in a style that to our eyes seems remarkably open and unaffected, he reported1 his surprise at reading Maxwell’s statement2 that “If the current itself be free to choose any path through a fixed solid conductor or a network of wires, then, when a constant magnetic force is made to act on the system, the path of the current through the conductors is not permanently altered, but after certain transient phenomena, called induction currents, have subsided, the distribution of the current will be found to be the same as if no magnetic force were in action.” To Hall, this appeared “contrary to the most natural supposition,” and, after consultation with Rowland, who had apparently already made some preliminary but unsuccessful attempts to detect the effects of a magnetic field on currents in conductors, he was able so to arrange matters that a positive effect was seen.
12C(γ,π−)12Ng.s. for (0-50) MeV Pions

We calculate both total and differential cross-sections for the reaction 12C(γ,π−)12 Ng.s. for pion laboratory kinetic energies ranging from 0–50 MeV. There are essentially three elements in the analysis: nuclear structure; pion distortions; the photoproduction operator (Hγπ).
Upper level set scan statistic system for detecting arbitrarily shaped hotspots for digital governance

A declared need is around for geoinformatic surveillance statistical science and software infrastructure for spatial and spatiotemporal hotspot detection. Hotspot means something unusual, anomaly, aberration, outbreak, elevated cluster, critical resource area, etc. The declared need may be for monitoring, etiology, management, or early warning. The responsible factors may be natural, accidental, or intentional. This paper suggests methods and tools for hotspot detection across geographic regions and across networks. The investigation proposes development of statistical methods and tools that have immediate potential for use in critical societal areas, such as public health and disease surveillance, ecosystem health, water resources and water services, transportation networks, persistent poverty typologies and trajectories, environmental justice, biosurveillance and biosecurity, censor networks, robotics, video mining, social networks, and others. We introduce, for multidisciplinary use, an innovation of the health-area-popular circle-based spatial and spatiotemporal scan statistic. Our innovation employs the notion of an upper level set, and is accordingly called the upper level set scan statistic, pointing to a sophisticated analytical and computational system as the next generation of the present day popular SaTScan. Success of surveillance rests on potential elevated cluster detection capability. But the clusters can be of any shape, and cannot be captured only by circles. This is likely to give more of false alarms and more of false sense of security. What we need is capability to detect arbitrarily shaped clusters. The proposed upper level set scan statistic innovation is expected to fill this need. This five year NSF DGP project has been instrumental to conceptualize surveillance geoinformatics partnership among several interested cross-disciplinary scientists in academia, agencies, and private sector. The planned poster is expected to reveal several live case studies and outcomes of real geospatial and spatiotemporal data sets of current interest.
Vitamin D Supplementation and Quality of Life Following Diagnosis in Stage II Colorectal Cancer Survivors

Research shows people are motivated to change their lifestyles following a cancer diagnosis; however few studies have investigated whether these changes could benefit people's health condition. The...
Control of the Metabolism and Lipolytic Effects of Cyclic 3',5'-Adenosine Monophosphate in Adipose Tissue by Insulin, Methyl Xanthines, and Nicotinic Acid

Abstract 1. We have tested the hypothesis that insulin might decrease the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in rat epididymal adipose tissue by stimulating the activity of a cAMP phosphodiesterase. 2. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) was comparable to cAMP as a substrate for cAMP phosphodiesterase of adipose tissue; the hydrolysis of both cylic nucleotides was inhibited by theophylline. 3. DBcAMP, but not cAMP, was strongly lipolytic in free adipose cells; this activity was unaffected by insulin in vitro at concentrations of the hormone sufficient to be strongly antilipolytic against epinephrine. DBcAMP-stimulated lipolysis was inhibited by nicotinic acid, a stimulator of cAMP phosphodiesterase. 4. Lipolytic concentrations of theophylline and caffeine synergistically stimulated the lipolytic effect of DBcAMP in free adipose cells at all but saturating levels of DBcAMP. Lower, nonlipolytic concentrations of the methyl xanthines also stimulated the lipolytic activity of DBcAMP, and this synergism was reversed by insulin, but only at low concentrations of the cyclic nucleotide. 5. Neither prior treatment of fat pads with insulin nor the presence of insulin during enzyme assay affected the cAMP phosphodiesterase activities of 2000 x g sediment and supernatant fractions. 6. Neither hypo- nor hyperinsulinism in donor rats influenced the cAMP phosphodiesterase activity of adipose tissue.
International Criminal Courts and the Making of Public International Law: New Roles for International Organizations and Individuals

Judicial decisions of the International Criminal Court and other international criminal tribunals now serve as instances of practice and statements of opinio juris for the formation of customary international criminal law and customary international human rights law related to criminal law and procedure. In these areas of law and others, they are no longer “subsidiary” sources as that word is used in the International Court of Justice Statute, Art. 38. In the same fields of customary international law, other binding acts of international organizations, such as the UN Security Council, are also used as practice, and the statements of these organizations are used as opinio juris. Where judicial and quasi-judicial decisions of international organizations are acts of treaty interpretation and application, these acts are instances of subsequent practice. In some cases, judicial decisions play a role similar to the subsequent acts of states parties to the treaties in the Vienna Convention of the Law of Treaties. Under the ICC Statute, when the Court is interpreting a matter within its judicial competence, its decision is authoritative. Individuals, particularly those accused of crime, can make direct claims of right under international law to these courts and tribunals. These claims may concern jurisdiction, the substantive law of crimes and defenses, international human rights in criminal procedure and criminal law, or other issues that arise in the course of prosecutions. The expanding role of international organizations, including the international judiciary, in the process of making international law is being led by the ICC and other international criminal tribunals. It is already spreading to other areas of the law, such as international trade law. This growth is likely to continue. Individuals have gained the right to make claims directly under international law in certain non-criminal international fora. As in criminal law, the right depends on the agreement of states or international organizations to establish these tribunals. While the growth of this right is uncertain, it is hard to imagine that it will be cut back.
Effects of Health Status on Word Finding in Aging

Difficulty finding the right word at the right moment is a commonly expressed concern of older people. Evidence documenting a progressive reduction in lexical retrieval performance with advancing age has been abundantly provided in studies of language in aging.1 Demographic factors shown to contribute to this age-related decline in lexical retrieval include sex,2 education,3 and ethnicity.4 Lower education is associated with a more-rapid decline in capacity for lexical retrieval on standardized tests as people get older,5 and this effect is particularly true for older women with lower education.6 At older ages, African Americans perform less well on some tests of lexical retrieval than do whites (although see7). This might be due to the differences between groups in familiarity with certain items used.4 When the contributions of ethnicity, sex, and education are eliminated from analysis, age alone is seen to reduce lexical retrieval.1 Against this background, the present study was designed to examine the effects of health on lexical retrieval in aging. To the authors’ knowledge, no one has previously examined the specific effects on lexical retrieval of two of the most common medical conditions in the aging population: hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus. It was decided to examine these two medical conditions, because they have been shown to influence other cognitive functions in aging,8,9 and they are potentially controllable.10 Hypertension has been linked to reduction in processing speed, reduction in verbal fluency, and impairment of executive function in aging.8,9,11–13 Diabetes mellitus has been correlated with an accelerated decline in executive system function in independently living elderly persons,14 as well as with impairments in verbal memory and processing speed.15 Specifically noted previously is that language functions may be preserved in persons with diabetes mellitus.15 A life-span analysis of cognition and diabetes proposed that clinically relevant diabetes mellitus–related cognitive decrements occur mainly at two crucial periods in life: in the developing brain of childhood and in the aging brain.16 The present study addressed the following question: Does the presence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus have an excess negative effect on the capacity for lexical retrieval in otherwise normal aging, beyond the effects of sex, ethnicity, and education?
LOCALIZATION OF MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PEPTIDE-1 EXPRESSION IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AND TRAUMA IN THE RAT

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of the chemokine beta family of chemoattractants that has been shown to play a major role in the initiation of monocyte and T cell inflammation to sites of tissue injury. In this study, we have examined the distribution of MCP-1 expression in inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) associated with the autoimmune disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and compared the results with those detected in inflammation associated with trauma. In EAE, MCP-1 expression was detected at the onset of inflammation, prior to clinical expression of disease, in lymphocytes and endothelial cells in subarachnoid locations. Monocyte infiltration into these areas appeared 24 h later. After the onset of clinical signs, MCP-1 expression was widely distributed in the spinal cord with levels increasing and decreasing in association with disease activity. Lymphocytes, macrophages, astrocytes, and endothelial cells could be identified as sources of MCP-1 by immunoreactivity and in situ hybridization. A similar close correlation between macrophage infiltration and the levels of mRNA for MCP-1 was found in the CNS of rats subjected to trauma, and in these animals MCP-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in macrophages and endothelial cells. The results support the conclusion that MCP-1 is an important mediator of inflammation in the CNS.
Complementation Studies with Isoleucine-Valine Mutants of Neurospora Crassa.

IN recent years a number of investigators have presented the results of experiments concerned with complementation between mutants defective for a single genetic character. These results and their probable significance have been reviewed and discussed by BEADLE (1960), CASE and GILES (1960), FINCHAM (1960), and YANOFSKY and ST. LAWRENCE (1960). The present work includes an intragenic complementation study at each of two loci concerned with isoleucine-valine biosynthesis. It was hoped that certain features of the complementation interaction could be clarified by a rather extensive program of testing. Specifically, understanding of the following problems was sought. Are the subgroups, of which the complementation map is composed, discrete? Does each genetic locus have associated with it a unique and characteristic pattern of such subgroups? Would linearity of the complementation map be observed in these systems? MATERIALS AND METHODS
Multiple endocrine neoplasia in a dog

Multiple endocrine neoplasms, including an insulinoma, bilateral adrenocortical adenocarcinomas and an aortic paraganglioma, were diagnosed after euthanasia in a 12-year-old spayed female dog of mixed breed with a history of progressive anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia, regenerative anaemia and hypoglycaemia. The clinical, gross pathological, microscopical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings were consistent with the human syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia.
Using boat electrofishing to estimate the abundance of invasive common carp in small Midwestern Lakes.

Abstract The common carp Cyprinus carpio is among the most invasive fish worldwide, but practical methods for estimating its abundance have not yet been developed. Particularly needed are methods that can accurately assess low densities of common carp to enact proactive management strategies before populations reach damaging levels. In this study we tested whether the density of adult common carp in small Minnesota lakes could be accurately predicted from their catch rates using boat electrofishing. We used mark and recapture to estimate the abundance of common carp in eight Midwestern lakes with a wide range of common carp densities (13–400 carp/ha), while also surveying each lake using boat electrofishing. In addition, we reduced common carp abundance by up to 90% in two lakes to test whether this was accompanied by a similar drop in electrofishing catch rates. A regression analysis showed that electrofishing catch rates increased linearly with increasing densities of common carp. A cross-validation pro...
Survival in the ‘master's house’: The role of graduate teaching assistants in effecting curriculum change

Abstract Since graduate teaching assistants administer most core courses at U.S. universities (and hence reach the majority of the undergraduate population), their potential for effecting political change is immense. This potential has too often been ignored. This paper suggests ways teaching assistants can organize and work towards bringing feminist perspectives into core courses in a way that complements the efforts of Women's Studies and that circumvents the current problem of decreased funding for the administration of new programs.
Characteristics of 45Ca uptake by the rabbit lens

Abstract Lens 45Ca uptake was shown to increase when the external calcium concentration was less than 1 m m , suggesting that calcium ions themselves are able to interact with lens membranes in a way that influences the mechanism of calcium permeability. Strontium ions, added to a calcium-deficient bathing solution, were shown to attenuate the increased 45Ca uptake by the lens. There was no evidence for extracellular binding of calcium. Lens membrane permeability to calcium appeared not to be voltage-dependent since 45Ca uptake was not affected when the lens was depolarized by high potassium solutions. Calcium channel blockers were shown not to reduce the increased calcium leak resulting from exposure of the lens to a calcium-deficient medium.
A method to estimate soybean seed protein and oil concentration before harvest

Temperature and precipitation variables during linear seed fill are known to be environmental determinants of protein and oil composition of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed. However, the contribution of other precipitation and temperature events during the growing season and a method that would determine the precipitation and temperature variables most related to protein and oil concentration values of the seed has not been fully explored. The former was evaluated by comparing monthly temperature and precipitation variables of the growing seasons to protein and oil data for the years 1959 to 1996 from three locations listed in the Uniform Soybean Tests, Northern Region. The data set comprised locations from Maturity Groups II and III and consisted of 186 location-years. Classification and regression “tree-based” analysis were conducted to determine the month, environmental variable, and “splitting” points that correctly classified most of the 186 location-years for below-vs.-above-median protein or oil composition. The protein concentrations from the location-years were separated into these two median-boundary categories most readily by temperature variables from the months of April and August. The oil concentrations from the location-years were classified best by August and September temperature variables and precipitation in May and September. The sum of protein and oil concentrations from the location-years were best separated by August and July temperature variables and precipitation in May and July. The protein-to-oil ratios from the location-years were best separated by September precipitation and July and June temperature variables. These data demonstrate that tree-based models can use monthly temperature and precipitation variables during linear seed fill and other specific months of the crop year and relate them to the final protein and oil concentration in the seed. These results could be used by the processing industry to estimate seed composition before harvest.
Oxy-nitroso shielding burst model of cold atmospheric plasma therapeutics

Abstract It is postulated that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) can trigger a therapeutic shielding response in tissue by creating a time- and space-localized, burst-like form of oxy-nitrosative stress on near-surface exposed cells through the flux of plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS-exposed surface layers of cells communicate to the deeper levels of tissue via a form of the ‘bystander effect,’ similar to responses to other forms of cell stress. In this proposed model of CAP therapeutics, the plasma stimulates a cellular survival mechanism through which aerobic organisms shield themselves from infection and other challenges.
Teacher attitudes toward and knowledge of computer technology

(1999). Teacher Attitudes Toward and Knowledge of Computer Technology. Computers in the Schools: Vol. 14, No. 3-4, pp. 119-136.
Inhibition of a class C beta-lactamase by a specific phosphonate monoester

A phosphonate monoester, m-carboxyphenyl phenylacetamidomethylphosphonate, has been found to be a specific inhibitor of the class C beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99. Inactivation is rapid (10(3) per second per molar concentration) and reactivation very slow (2.2 X 10(-6) per second). Apparently concerted with the inactivation, one equivalent (with respect to the enzyme) of m-hydroxybenzoate is released. Reactivation is accelerated by hydroxylamine and benzohydroxamate. This suggests that the loss of enzyme activity is due to phosphonylation of an active site functional group. This discovery holds the promise of a new general class of beta-lactamase inhibitors and, perhaps, antibiotics.
Determinants of theatre going: The effects on the choice of residential location

The purpose of this paper is to present some empirical findings on the impact of accessibility (distance) on theatre going in Toronto. The importance of the analysis should not be limited to this specialized urban function only. Baumol and Bowen (1966) provide an in-depth analysis of theatre and performing arts audiences. They find that characteristics of a theatre audience are very similar to the characteristics of a performing arts audience. In general, theatre going, then, can serve as a good proxy for the performing arts. Therefore, the analysis can be of assistance in providing an objective basis for the investigation of the effects of commuting trips made by performing arts audiences on the choice of residential location. The performing arts trips form a part of the nonwork Central Business District (CBD) trips. We postulate that the residential location decisions of consumers with strong preferences for performing arts are influenced by the easy accessibility to this type of consumption in terms of the time and money cost of travel. Consequently, the results of this analysis can be used to draw inferences about the likely impact of performing arts trips on residential location.
Mechanistic studies of nitric oxide reactions with water soluble iron(II), cobalt(II), and iron(III) porphyrin complexes in aqueous solutions: implications for biological activity.

The reactions of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide with water soluble iron and cobalt porphyrin complexes were investigated over the temperature range 298−318 K and the hydrostatic pressure range 0....
The Optimal Mortgage Payment Path Under Price Uncertainty

It has been shown that in a world of certainty, individuals with rising income streams will choose a graduated payment mortgage over the standard flat payment mortgage. The present paper extends this analysis by introducing uncertainty about future inflation rates. We show that the risk-averse individual, when faced with uncertainty, will choose a less graduated payment path than in the certainty situation. While not conclusive, the analysis may cast some doubt on the suboptimality of the standard flat payment mortgage.
An electron microscope study of effects of various fixatives and thin-section enzyme treatments on a nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Abstract A comparison of fixatives and embedding media used in thin sectioning of polyhedra and isolated virions of the Pseudoplusia includens nuclear polyhedrosis virus demonstrated that best results are obtained with glutaraldehyde-OsO 4 fixation and epoxy embedding. Fixation was obtained with formaldehyde, acrolein-formaldehyde, or OsO 4 alone but the crystalline array of the polyhedral protein was not preserved. Glycol methacrylate embedding medium resulted in images of poor quality. Treatment of thin sections of polyhedra and virions with enzymes showed that the polyhedral membrane is resistant to digestion with proteases but the interiors of polyhedra were removed with pepsin, pronase, subtilisin, and a mixture of deoxyribonuclease and trypsin. Enzyme treatment of thin sections of virions resulted in removal of the nucleocapsid by all proteases tested except trypsin. A mixture of deoxyribonuclease and trypsin digested the nucleocapsid. The envelope of the virion resisted enzyme treatment.
Information Exchange, Responsiveness and Logistics Provider Performance

The impact of information exchange on suppliers' performance is investigated in the context of trade relationships formed between manufacturers and third party providers of international logistics services. A conceptual model that predicts the important linkages among information exchange, responsiveness and performance is introduced and tested. The research shows that information exchange positively affects customers' perceptions of third party logistics providers' performance; information exchange also positively affects logistics providers' service responsiveness; and logistics provider responsiveness affects customers' perceptions of the providers' performance. These linkages provide a fuller understanding of why and how information exchange influences manufacturers' perceptions of the performance of third party logistics providers. Logistics providers that used information obtained from trading partners to develop more responsive operations were viewed as better performers.
Judaean Apocalypticism and the Unmasking of Ideology: Foreign and National Rulers in the Testament of Moses

Abstract The current study attempts to move beyond the fashionable scholarly opinion that apocalyptic literature is essentially posed “against empire” by critically analyzing the ideologies evaluated and advanced by the Testament of Moses. The author employs a theoretical framework derived from the work of the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser to argue that the schematization of history in the Testament of Moses exposes and criticizes the domination of national rulers and foreign rulers, but for different reasons. While ideology is depicted as a strategy of domination used by both types of rulers, repressive physical violence is typically only associated with foreign domination. Yet, the text is not simply “against empire.” Rather, the ideology of the Testament of Moses is primarily opposed to the priestly ruling class of Judaea, the group thought to be responsible for the socioeconomic hardships experienced by the Judaean masses in the early first century C.E.
OTTER: The design and development of an intelligent underwater robot

Recent advances in sensing and intelligent control technologies open a whole new dimension in underwater autonomy. However, before truly-capable, autonomous underwater robots can be created for subsea intervention and exploration, many research issues must be first investigated and developed experimentally on testbed platforms.
Optimized diode-pumped Nd:glass prototype regenerative amplifier for the National Ignition Facility (NIF)

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will house a 2 MJ Nd:glass laser system to be used for a broad range of inertial confinement fusion experiments. This record high energy laser output will be initiated by a single low energy, fiber -based master oscillator which will be appropriately shaped in time and frequency prior to being split into 48 beams for intermediate amplification. These 48 intermediate energy beams will feed the 192 main amplifier chains. We report on the baseline design and test results for an amplifier subsystem in the intermediate amplifiers. The subsystem is based on a diode pumped, Nd:glass regenerative amplifier. The amplifier is comprised fo a linear, folded, TEM{sub 00}, 4.5m long cavity and represents the highest gain (approximately 10{sup 7}) component in the NIF laser system. Two fundamentally important requirements for this amplifier include output energy of 20 mJ and square pulse distortion of less than 1.45. With a single 48 bar 4.5kW peak power diode array and lens duct assembly we pump a 5 mm diameter X 50 mm long Nd-doped, phosphate glass rod, and amplify the mode matched, temporally shaped (approximately 20ns in duration)oscillator seed pulse to 25 mJof output energy with a very acceptable square pulse distortion of 1.44. This most recent design of the regenerative amplifier has increased the performance and reduced the cost, enabling it to become a solid baseline for the NIF laser system.
Assessment of bone mineral and matrix using backscatter electron imaging and FTIR imaging.

The resistance of bone to fracture is determined by its geometric and material properties. The geometry and density can be determined by radiographic methods, but material properties such as collagen structure, mineral composition, and crystal structure currently require analysis by invasive techniques. Backscatter electron imaging provides quantitative information on the distribution of the mineral within tissue sections, and infrared and other vibrational spectroscopic methods can supplement these data, providing site-specific information on mineral content as well as information on collagen maturity and distributions of crystal size and composition. This information contributes to the knowledge of “bone quality.”
Parallel Density Functional Theory Energies using the Fourier Transform Coulomb Method

The recently described Fourier transform Coulomb (FTC) algorithm for fast and accurate calculation of density functional theory (DFT) energies (Fusti-Molnar, L; Pulay, P. J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 117, 7827) has been parallelized. We present several calculations showing the speed and accuracy of our new parallel FTC energy code, comparing its performance with our standard all-integral DFT code. Although it still contains significant serial code, the parallel FTC algorithm is up to 6 times faster overall than our parallel all-integral algorithm, and well over an order of magnitude faster for computation of the Coulomb terms, with essentially no loss in accuracy. Proposed improvements should significantly increase these factors. The Coulomb energy in DFT energy calculations can now be computed accurately for large molecules and/or basis sets faster than the exchange-correlation energy.
Collaboration and style in laser physics- : My interactions with and recollections of herbert walther

For several decades Optical Physics has been in a golden period of rapid and exponentiating growth, in both the laser techniques becoming available and the optical physics phenomena accessible for our study. In no small part the success of this global research effort is traceable to the positive and optimistic attitudes and interaction styles of our community’s people themselves. The relationships between labs and their visitors have been ones of cooperation and collaboration, with huge mutual benefit, and acceleration of our field. As one of the principal European centers, the MPQ Garching lab carries Herbert Walter’s genetic stamp of enthusiasm, insightful and successful hard work, and attention to the really key physics and technology issues of the time. But these characteristics have also made the time pass all too quickly. In these words I mention just one of the technical opportunities that could grow even now from technical ideas Herbert had demonstrated—but about 30 years before their time. Such a fast-tuning but precise and powerful laser could have a real application in producing even higher densities and numbers of cold atoms and molecules.
The Influence of National Culture on the Formation of Technology Alliances by Entrepreneurial Firms

We consider the effect that national culture has on the propensity for small, independent manufacturing enterprises to (1) cooperate with other firms for technological innovation and (2) use equity...
Unitary Triplets and the Eightfold Way

Four elementary baryon fields are introduced to explain the eightiold way. Three of them form a unitary triplet and the fourth is a unitary singlet. In this approach, triplets, PLEASE DELETE ABSTRACT 21045.
When a disease gene is not really a disease gene

‘...in certain cases, inheritance of two genes for epilepsy can be beneficial, with the two mutations exerting mutual seizure-protective effects.’
Liposomal anthracyclines for breast cancer.

Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines are an important class of agents for the treatment of early and advanced stage breast cancer, but produce substantial acute and chronic toxicities. One strategy for reducing anthracycline-associated toxicity is packaging them in liposomes. Liposomes are closed vesicular structures that envelop water-soluble molecules. They may serve as vehicles for delivering cytotoxic agents more specifically to tumor, and limit exposure of normal tissues to the drug. Liposomal anthracyclines are more effective and less toxic in a number of preclinical models compared with conventional anthracyclines. Several liposomal anthracyclines have been extensively studied in humans with a variety of cancer types, including TLC D-99 (Myocet; The Liposome Company, Elan Corporation, Princeton, NJ), liposomal daunorubicin (Daunoxome; NeXstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Dimas, CA), and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil; Alza Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, Caelyx; Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ). Although none of these agents are currently approved for the treatment of breast cancer in the United States, the liposomal doxorubicin preparations seem to have comparable activity and less cardiac toxicity than conventional doxorubicin. Furthermore, they have been safely combined with other cytotoxic agents, including cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel. Further studies will be required do determine their role in the treatment of breast cancer.
Internal Environmental Characteristics of a Chiribaya Style Tomb Holding Swine Remains and their Taphonomic Impact on Decomposition Delay, A Requisit for Mummification

Attempts have been made to better understand the mummification processes associated with the pre-Inca culture known as the Chiribaya. The ancient Chiribaya used various textile wrappings that likely enhanced wicking of fluids out of the body thus increasing the potential for mummification. Here we examine the tomb environment itself as a probable factor in the potential mummification of human remains. To reveal more about the Chiribaya mummification process, we replicated the physical characteristics of a Chiribaya tomb in the Sonoran Desert and monitored the intra-tomb environmental changes while occupied by a swine analogue. Two identical tombs were constructed using concrete fence block measuring 152.4 by 91.4 centimeters (5 by 3 feet) and 91.4 centimeters (3 feet) deep. Tomb caps were constructed from frame mounted concrete backer board. Two data loggers for temperature and relative humidity were placed within each of the tombs. A freshly deceased 68 kilogram (150 pound) swine was wrapped in wool fabric to allow for wicking of body fluids and placed in the experimental tomb. Capped PVC access ports were introduced into the experimental tomb allowing for periodic endoscopic access. Both tombs were buried at a depth of approximately 76.2 centimeters (30 inches). The experimental tomb was monitored endoscopically to collect visual data on the condition of the swine analogue. The tombs remained buried for 95 days. The stage of decomposition was determined by the physical findings of the swine upon excavation and compared to literature reports of decomposition rates in the Sonoran Desert. Based on our observational and endoscopic data, overall mummification did not occur; however, some mummification was seen on the right jowl and the gravity dependent low pelvic region upon exhumation. This visual data allowed us to directly observe the intra-tomb processes and is correlated with data-logger information from both tombs providing us a better understanding of the associated intra-tomb environmental variations. Further, the experiment demonstrates the taphonomic impact of these artificial subterranean environments on rate of decomposition and offers insight as to how the Chiribaya tombs encouraged mummification.
A model and a general problem on plastic flow under large deformations

We introduce a constitutive equation of the plastic flow such that a medium is considered as a fluid, whose viscosity depends on the second invariant of the tensor of strains accumulated under a plastic flow and on the second invariant of the deviator of the stress tensor. For this constitutive equation a general problem on plastic flow under large deformations is formulated and studied. It is supposed that the surface forces acting on a body are defined in the form of a feedback such that the forces at a moment t depend on the shape of the body at this moment. The problem consists of finding the configuration of the deformed body at each moment of time, velocities, strains, and stresses. The general problem is approximated by problems with delay. We prove the existence and the uniqueness of a solution for the problems with delay. The solution of the original problem is obtained as a limit of the solutions of the problems with delay as the delay parameter tends to zero.
Wegener’s granulomatosis in a middle-aged woman presenting with dyspnea, rash, hemoptysis and recurrent eye complaints: a case report

Introduction: Wegener’s granulomatosis presenting as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is uncommon. However, the recognition of multisystem disease involving joints, kidney, eye and lung is critical for diagnosing Wegener's vasculitis. This is not the first report of this kind in the literature. Case presentation: A 51-year-old Croatian woman presented to our Emergency Department with a history of progressively worsening productive cough and shortness of breath, epistaxis and two episodes of hemoptysis. She developed respiratory failure due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, which was successfully treated with high-dose steroids, cyclophosphamide and plasmapheresis. Her clinical course was complicated with methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus pneumonia, which has been associated with Wegener’s granulomatosis flares. Conclusion: The recognition of multisystem disease is critical for diagnosing Wegener's vasculitis. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage can be a fulminant manifestation of Wegener’s granulomatosis, in which case immediate and aggressive treatment with pulse steroids, high-dose cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange can be life-saving.