cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic bone assessment using backscatter difference measurements at 1 MHz

There is interest in developing ultrasonic techniques that can be used to detect changes in bone caused by osteoporosis. One approach, called the backscatter difference technique, measures the power difference between two portions of a backscatter signal from cancellous bone. Previous laboratory studies have tested the technique using transducers with center frequencies > 2 MHz. The present study uses a 1 MHz transducer which may improve performance at central skeletal sites such as the hip and spine. Measurements were performed in vitro on 54 cube shaped specimens of cancellous bone from 14 human femurs using a broadband, single element 1 MHz transducer. Received backscatter signals were analyzed to determine the normalized mean of the backscatter difference (nMBD) which was computed by measuring the power difference between two gated portions of the backscatter signal in decibels and dividing by the gate separation in microseconds. Linear regression analysis found weak to moderate correlations (0.13 ≦ R ≦ 0.66) between nMBD and bone density, depending on which portions of the signals were analyzed. These results suggest that backscatter difference measurements using a 1 MHz transducer may be able to detect changes in bone caused by osteoporosis.
Synthesis of a syn,syn,syn,syn-Stereopentad Precursor of the Marine Sponge Polyketide Callystatin A

A C13−22 syn,syn,syn,syn-stereopentad precursor of the cytotoxic polyketide callystatin A has been prepared. The synthesis involved BF3-promoted addition of the (M)-allenylstannane 28 to the α-methyl-β-OTBS aldehyde 8 to afford the syn,syn adduct homopropargylic alcohol 29. Protection as the cyclic anisylidene acetal 31 and reduction of the acetylenic triple bond with Red-Al gave the (E)-allylic alcohol 32. This was subjected to Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation and subsequent treatment with an ethylcopper reagent to yield diol 34; hydrogenolysis of the derived tosylate 37 with LiBEt3H afforded 38. Acetal hydrogenolysis with DIBAl-H and oxidation yielded aldehyde 40 which was subjected to Horner−Emmons homologation to afford ester 41. This ester was converted to ester 44, an intermediate in the Kobayashi synthesis, with which it was found to be identical.
Functional disuse initiates medullary endosteal micro-architectural impairment in cortical bone characterized by nanoindentation.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of functional disuse-induced bone remodeling on its mechanical properties, individually at periosteum and medullary endosteum regions of the cortical bone. Left middle tibiae were obtained from 5-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats for the baseline control as well as hindlimb suspended (disuse) groups. Micro-nano-mechanical elastic moduli (at lateral region) was evaluated along axial (Z), circumferential (C) and radial (R) orientations using nanoindentation. Results indicated an anisotropic microstructure with axial orientation having the highest and radial orientation with the lowest moduli at periosteum and medullary endosteum for both baseline control as well as disuse groups. Between the groups: at periosteum, an insignificant difference was evaluated for each of the orientations (p > 0.05) and at endosteum, a significant decrease of elastic moduli in the radial (p 0.05) orientation. For the moduli ratios between groups: at periosteum, only significant difference in the Z/R (p < 0.05) anisotropy ratio, whereas at endosteum, a statistically significant difference in Z/C (p < 0.001), and Z/R (p < 0.001), as well as C/R (p < 0.05) anisotropy ratios, was evaluated. The results suggested initial bone remodeling impaired bone micro-architecture predominantly at the medullary endosteum with possible alterations in the geometric orientations of collagen and mineral phases inside the bone. The findings could be significant for studying the mechanotransduction pathways involved in maintaining the bone micro-architecture and possibly have high clinical significance for drug use against impairment from functional disuse.
The Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) extension study – A randomized clinical trial of withdrawal of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid in patients with dry eye disease

Abstract Purpose To determine effects of continued or discontinued use of omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid supplements through a randomized withdrawal trial among patients assigned to ω3 supplements in the first year of the DREAM study. Methods Patients who were initially assigned to ω3 (3000 mg) for 12 months in the primary trial were randomized 1:1 to ω3 active supplements or placebos (refined olive oil) for 12 more months. The primary outcome was change in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Secondary outcomes included change in conjunctival staining, corneal staining, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, and adverse events. Results Among 22 patients assigned to ω3 and 21 to placebo supplements, the mean change in OSDI score between month 12 and 24 was similar between treatment groups (mean difference in change −0.6 points, 95% confidence interval [CI], (−10.7, 9.5), p = 0.91). There were no significant differences between groups in mean change in conjunctival staining (difference in mean change −0.5 points; 95% CI (−1.2, 0.3)), corneal staining (−0.3 points; 95% CI (−1.2, 0.3)), tear break-up time (−0.8 s; 95% CI (−2.6, 0.9)) and Schirmer test (0.6 mm, 95% CI (−2.0, 3.2)). Rates of adverse events were similar in both groups. Conclusion Among patients who received ω3 supplements for 12 months in the primary trial, those discontinuing use of ω3 for an additional 12 months did not have significantly worse outcomes compared to those who continued use of ω3. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02128763.
Prevention of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis

Peritonitis is a primary complication of peritoneal dialysis.In the past concentration was the treatment after peritonitis became evident.With the study of the causes of peritonitis, it becomes evident that, in order to better protect the peritoneal function, more focus should be on the prevention of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis, correction as soon as possible the risk factors of peritonitis, and the reduction of the incidence of peritonitis.The main causes of peritonitis include pollution, outlet exports and catheter-related infections bacterial biofilm formation tunnel.Emphasis should be on the occurrence of malnutrition.Albumin levels are risk factors for peritonitis.To reduce the risk of infection new ideas include VitD supplements that regulate immune function.Endogenous microbes associated peritonitis caused by intestinal infections.Future research directions should focus on reducing the risk of intestinal bacteria translocation, regulating intestinal flora, taking a long-range antimicrobial therapy during the critical period, and implementing fecal bacteria transplant.This paper gives an overview of these issues and how to prevent their occurrence. Key words: Peritoneal dialysis; Peritonitis; Prevention
Learning from Positive Adaptations of Pediatric Cancer Patients to Design Health Technologies

The diagnosis of cancer brings about significant changes in the life of a child. In addition to physical pain, pediatric patients face psychological and social challenges. At the same time, some patients also have positive experiences with and attitudes toward their illness and treatment. Drawing on 19 semi-structured interviews with pairs of pediatric cancer patients and their parental caregivers, we examined patients' perspectives on their experience of living with cancer. We identified four salient themes in patients' positive experiences: future-oriented thinking, developing strong personal bonds and relationships, gaining knowledge and life experience, and developing self-management and coping skills. Collectively, the patients' positive experiences indicate that they adapt to their new lives through an evolving process. Based on this process, we provide design implications for health technologies to support and promote positive experiences during illness and treatment.
Considerations for employing intersectionality in qualitative health research

Intersectionality theory has recently emerged in the health sciences as a critical theoretical and methodical approach. Though some scholars have outlined explicit guidelines for applying intersectionality in research using quantitative methods, others have cited epistemological concerns and additive thinking to advocate for the analysis of intersectionality with qualitative methods. Thus, there remains a need for additional guidance and support for utilizing and applying intersectionality theory throughout the qualitative research process. With the goal of demystifying the process of utilizing intersectionality as a methodological approach in qualitative research in the health sciences, this paper provides researchers with recommendations, specific examples, and important considerations for incorporating intersectional approaches into study conceptualization, participant recruitment, data collection, and data analysis. Additionally, this paper reviews challenges that researchers may experience in conducting research using intersectional approaches and offers suggestions for overcoming challenges. This paper offers timely and relevant information that can be used to strengthen the theoretical and methodological rigor of qualitative health research, especially studies that seek to advance health equity.
Accounting for linguistic acculturation, coping, antisociality and depressive affect in the gender role-alcohol use relationship in Mexican American adolescents: a moderated mediation model for boys and girls.

Background: Prior studies have established that gender roles are predictive of substance use for Mexican and Mexican American adolescents, both living in the U.S. and in Mexico. Objectives: The moderating effects of gender and acculturation and the mediating effects of antisociality, depressive affect, and adaptive and avoidant coping on the gender role-alcohol use relationship were examined in a sample of Mexican American adolescents.Methods: Secondary data analyses were conducted on a sample of 955 (450 boys, 505 girls) Mexican American 7th and 8th grade adolescents participating in a school-based substance use intervention.Results: For boys, path analyses yielded significant direct paths from aggressive masculinity to alcohol use. Bootstrapped mediation tests also yielded significant indirect paths through antisociality from assertive masculinity, affective femininity, aggressive masculinity, and the interaction of linguistic acculturation by affective femininity to alcohol use. For girls, the relationship between aggressive masculinity with alcohol use and the negative relationship of affective femininity with alcohol use were also mediated by adaptive coping, which is predictive of decreased substance use.Conclusion/Importance: The present analyses confirm the importance of gender roles, functional mediators, and their interaction with acculturation in predicting substance use in Mexican American adolescents, with implications for the design of interventions to reduce substance use within the Mexican American community.
Establishing the foundational elements of a public procurement body of knowledge

Public procurement scholars have been striving to identify technical and behavioral competencies to drive toward professionalization. However, there is no vetted body of knowledge that practitioner...
ARGOS: A Platform for Student Engagement

The formula for engaging students in a discipline is often a mix of internal and external drives. This poster offers an overview of the solution that our team created as a capstone project, in response to the NASA SUITS Design Challenge. The system became an evolving platform that continues to engage undergraduate and graduate students in Information Technology and related fields.
Computerized monitoring of COVID-19 trials, studies and registries in ClinicalTrials.gov registry

Clinical trial registries can provide important information about relevant studies for a given condition to other researchers and the public. We developed a computerized informatics based approach to provide an overview and analysis of COVID-19 studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Using the perspective of analyzing active or completed COVID-19 studies, we identified 401 interventional clinical trials, 287 observational studies and 64 registries. We analyzed features of each study type separately such as location, design, interventions and update history. Our results show that the United States had the most COVID-19 interventional trials, France had the most COVID-19 observational studies and France and the United States tied for the most COVID-19 registries on ClinicalTrials.gov. The majority of studies in all three study types had a single study site. For update history "Study Status" is the most updated information and we found that studies located in Canada (2.70 updates per study) and the United States (1.76 updates per study) update their studies more often than studies in any other country. Using normalization and mapping techniques, we identified Hydroxychloroquine (92 studies) as the most common drug intervention, while convalescent plasma (20 studies) is the most common biological intervention. The primary purpose of most interventional trials is for treatment with 298 studies (74.3%). For COVID-19 registries we found the most common proposed follow-up time is 1 year (15 studies). Of specific importance and interest is COVID-19 vaccine trials, of which 12 were identified. Our informatics based approach allows for constant monitoring and updating as well as multiple applications to other conditions and interests.
New Directions in Training Designs

Cognitive training is a rapidly expanding domain, both in terms of academic research and commercial enterprise. Accompanying this expansion is a continuing evolution of training design that is driven by advances on various fronts. Foundational learning principles such as spacing and interleaving have always, and continue to, inform the design of training for cognitive improvements, yet advances are constantly made in how to best instantiate these principles in training paradigms. Improvements in hardware have allowed for training to be increasingly immersive (e.g., using virtual reality) and to include multifaceted measurements and dynamics (e.g., using wearable technology and biofeedback). Further, improved training algorithms and gamification have been hallmarks of advances in training software. Alongside the development of these tools, researchers have also increasingly established cognitive training as a more coherent field through an emerging consensus regarding the appropriate methods (e.g., control group selection and tasks to test generalization) for different possible studies of training-related benefits. Hardware, software, and methodological developments have quickly made cognitive training an established field, yet many questions remain. Future studies should address the extent and type of generalization induced by training paradigms while taking into account the many possible patterns of improvements from training. Patterns of benefits vary across training types as well as individuals, and understanding individual differences in training benefits will help advance the field. As the field of cognitive training matures, the upcoming years are set to see a proliferation of innovation in training design.
Isotope-shift spectroscopy of the S 0 1 → P 1 3 and S 0 1 → P 0 3 transitions in strontium

This work reports measurements of isotope shifts using two narrow optical transitions and four isotopes of laser-cooled strontium atoms and the first King plot analysis for these transitions and isotopes. Non-linearity is observed in the King plot analysis, which could spur refinements in atomic structure calculations and also help constrain theories predicting physics beyond the Standard Model.
Basic Information Theory

Information theory is a foundational topic for modern cryptography. Without a basic working knowledge of information theory, it can be extremely difficult to understand modern cryptography. This chapter provides the reader with the essential concepts of information theory. This includes an introduction to Claude Shannon’s work, discussion of key topics such as diffusion and Hamming weight, as well as basic equations.
[the] Sensorium of Machine Architecture and the Onomatope/o

This paper proposes an association between Cantley’s use of a machine architecture and his experimental drawing, as well as explores the emerging relationships between media [an/notation] and the[ir] residual architectural dialogue. There is an inherent rapport found between the Connotation, Notation, and Annotation found within the/his architectural drawing. This connective tissue becomes the fodder for a new site for architectural speculation. The palimpsest and pentimento both become the notation and annotation in a new set of investigational works. It additionally briefly traces a synthetic structure of a con-structed language to describe the fuzzy parameters of these constructs.
A prospective study of maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in the first trimester of pregnancy and second trimester heavy metal levels.

Abstract Background Vitamin D facilitates the absorption of calcium but may also increase absorption of other metals; the literature is conflicting. Objective To examine whether 25OHD in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with subsequent metals levels in the late second trimester of pregnancy. Methods We used data from a sample of women in the LIFECODES pregnancy cohort (N = 381). 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured with a chemiluminescence immunoassay in plasma samples drawn at 10 weeks of gestation. A panel of 17 metals and elements was measured in urine collected at 26 weeks of gestation. We used linear or logistic regression to estimate associations between 25OHD (dichotomous, linear, and in tertiles) and either urinary metal concentrations or the proportion of samples below the limit of detection, respectively. Multivariable models included urinary specific gravity, age, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, insurance type, gestational age, and season. Results After multivariable adjustment, low 25OHD was associated with a 47% increase in lead level, a 60% increase in tin level, and 1.58 times the odds of detectable tungsten. A 10 ng/ml increase in 25OHD was associated with a 12% decrease in tin and an 8% increase in molybdenum. While we had a small sample size, we found some evidence of effect modification by race. Women who reported their race as Black or were classified in the other race category, who also had low 25OHD, had 40% higher thallium than women with higher 25OHD and were more likely to have detectable beryllium and tungsten. These metals were not associated with low 25OHD in women who reported their race as White. Tin and lead were higher in women with low 25OHD in all race groups. Discussion In total, further research is warranted to determine if vitamin D levels alter metal levels, and to elucidate the shape of the association for each metal across a range of corresponding 25OHD levels, and longitudinally, across pregnancy. This is especially true for pregnant people as exposure to metals during pregnancy has health consequences for the fetus.
Navigating the intricacies of cellular machinery

Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) underlie the initiation of action potentials in various excitable cell types and are regulated by channel-interacting proteins, including the cellular calcium sensor calmodulin and fibroblast growth factor homologous factors. Both of these are known to bind the NaV cytosolic C-terminal domain and modulate the channel's electrophysiology, but it was unknown whether they had any allosteric interactions with each other. A recent rigorous study provides insights into the molecular interactions of these ion channels and their partners that crucially take the cellular landscape into consideration.
Seeing Red: Effects of Practice Interventions on Woodwind Students’ Accuracy in Performing Articulation

Music reading is a central part of most band programs, yet research about music reading has rarely included articulation markings. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of four experi...
Energy Transfer and Electromagnetic Radiation

This chapter describes the mechanisms by which energy is transferred across space, and how these mechanisms are important in meteorology. Of particular importance is electromagnetic radiation—the mechanism by which energy from the Sun crosses through space and enters Earth’s atmosphere. Laws governing the intensity of this solar (shortwave) radiation can tell us the wavelength of peak intensity, the energy emitted at a particular wavelength, and the total energy intensity across all wavelengths, for hypothetical ideal radiators called blackbodies; the Sun behaves similarly to a blackbody. Thus, it is possible to know the amount of radiation entering the top of Earth’s atmosphere, at a given place and time—the solar constant. Once this energy enters the atmosphere, the amount that is neither absorbed, scattered, nor reflected by the air reaches the surface as transmission. At the same time, the air and the surface are also emitting radiant energy, albeit at longer wavelengths. The amount of energy involved in each process, at either short wavelengths (from the Sun) or longer wavelengths (from Earth and atmosphere), is described on a global, annual, average basis in the form of the energy balance. Convective and conductive fluxes help to “balance” the budget of radiation by moving warmer air within the Earth–ocean–atmosphere system.
Nested Named Sets in Information Retrieval

An important problem for databases is amplifying efficiency of human-database interaction. This goal can be achieved on different levels where queries form the top level and data structures create the basic level, which has an essential impact on all higher levels. The main efforts in this area have been directed at the development of logical systems for database management. This became a leading application of logic within computer science. This is definitely true, but efficiency of human-database interaction depends not only on logic and corresponding query languages but to a great extent on structuration of data and databases. The purpose of this chapter is to develop novel mathematical tools for data structuration and describe their applications to data visualization and querying. To achieve this goal, we utilize the theory of named sets introducing nested named sets, studying their properties, and applying these results to the development of efficient tools for database management.
Tin Whisker Formation Kinetics on Sn-Pb HASL Coating Layer Inside Plated Through Holes With Press-Fit Complaint Pins

Summary form only given. It has been long believed that residual stress is the root cause of tin whisker formation on pure tin-plated component leads. However, tin whiskering also happens to a lesser degree on other tin-based alloys under certain conditions. In this study, the tin whisker phenomena were reported on Sn-Pb HASL coating layer inside plated through holes with press-fit complaint pins. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to monitor the nucleation and growth of whiskers in-situ. In additions, a nonlinear contact finite element analysis was carried out to theoretically calculate the stress/strain distribution on HASL coating inside PTH, which was under compression due to the inserted compliant pins. Experimental and theoretical calculation results show that the whisker initiation and growth to 20 micrometers could be achieved with a matter of 30 minutes at ambient temperature under certain stress conditions. The tin whisker initiation and growth were further studies at higher temperature at about 80 deg. C and at cold around -30 deg. C. Nano-indentation is performed to measure hardness and elastic modulus of the Sn-Pb coating layer where whiskers initiate, then compared to location where there is no whiskers observed. It is believed that establishment of a quantitative relationship between stress level, temperature, and whisker formation/growth could lead to better scientific methods for risk and reliability assessment with tin whiskers to safeguard a smooth Pb-free transition
Decision-making heuristics and biases across the life span.

We outline a contextual and motivational model of judgment and decision-making (JDM) biases across the life span. Our model focuses on abilities and skills that correspond to deliberative, experiential, and affective decision-making processes. We review research that addresses links between JDM biases and these processes as represented by individual differences in specific abilities and skills (e.g., fluid and crystallized intelligence, executive functioning, emotion regulation, personality traits). We focus on two JDM biases—the sunk-cost fallacy (SCF) and the framing effect. We trace the developmental trajectory of each bias from preschool through middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, and later adulthood. We conclude that life-span developmental trajectories differ depending on the bias investigated. Existing research suggests relative stability in the framing effect across the life span and decreases in the SCF with age, including in later life. We highlight directions for future research on JDM biases across the life span, emphasizing the need for process-oriented research and research that increases our understanding of JDM biases in people’s everyday lives.
A rapid reaction study of anthranilate hydroxylase. Evidence for a catalytically important conformational change during slow initial turnover with anthranilate.

Abstract Rapid reaction kinetics of the flavoprotein anthranilate hydroxylase from Trichosporon cutaneum were examined for reactions involving anthranilate, the native substrate. As was reported earlier for the nonhydroxylated substrate analogue, salicylate, some reactions in the first turnover with anthranilate occur slower than those in subsequent turnovers (Powlowski, J., Massey, V., and Ballou, D. P. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 5606-5612). Evidence is presented for slow conformational changes that occur both on binding of the aromatic ligand and on reduction of the enzyme. These changes are apparently important for rapid anthranilate binding to occur in turnovers subsequent to the first. Moreover, bound anthranilate is required for rapid reduction of enzyme-bound FAD by NADPH. Studies to probe the accessibility of reagents to modified flavins that had been incorporated into the apoenzyme indicate that anthranilate binding causes a conformational change in the protein, allowing increased access to the benzene ring moiety of the flavin. An unusual isotope effect with (R)-NADPD (4(R)-2H] NADPH) is observed on Kd rather than on kred, which is consistent with a model involving slow interconversion of enzyme-substrate complexes before productive binding of NADPH and reduction of the enzyme flavin.
Protecting the Vulnerable: The Trade-Off Between Risk Reduction and Public Insurance

In a risky world, should governments provide public goods that reduce risk or compensate the victims of bad outcomes? We examine the allocation of public expenditures in the context of a risky environment between the provision of a public good with risk-reducing characteristics, and the expansion of a tax-financed public insurance system. We allow for the existence of a private insurance market as well, and therefore for the possibility of crowding out by a public insurance scheme. Nevertheless, we find there is scope for substantial spending on insurance, especially as risk aversion and the size of the total budget grows.
Cytokines and Fevera

Fever is induced in response to the entrance of pathogenic microorganisms into the body and is thought to be mediated by cytokines. Because these pathogens most commonly invade the body through its natural barriers and because body temperature is regulated centrally, these mediators are presumed to be produced peripherally and transported by the bloodstream to the brain, to act. It is generally considered that their febrigenic messages are further modulated there by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, the detailed mechanism by which these cytokines signal the brain and activate the febrile response is not yet clear. Indeed, the specific role of each cytokine has been difficult to establish due to complex interactions among them. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that different pyrogens may induce different cytokines; for example, i.v. LPS (a model of systemic bacterial infection) induces large increases in IL-6, but only small rises in IL-1 and TNF alpha plasma levels. Moreover, their appearance lags the fever onset. We recently found that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, decomplementation, and blockade of Kupffer cells suppress the febrile response of guinea pigs to i.v. LPS, and that i.v. LPS rapidly stimulates the release of norepinephrine (NE) and, hence, of PGE2 in their preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (POA, the brain region containing the thermoregulatory controller). Based on these and other data in the literature, we hypothesize that LPS fever may be initiated as follows: i.v., LPS-->complement-->Kupffer cells-->cytokines?-->vagal afferents -->n. tractus solitarius?-->A1/A2 cell groups?-->ventral noradrenergic bundle? -->POA-->NE-->PGE2-->fever.
Sperm Incorporation Independent of Fertilization Cone Formation in the Danio Egg. (Brachydanio/fertilization/fertilization cone/fish Ringer's solution)

The responses of the egg to insemination in a modified Fish Ringer's solution (FRS) were examined in eggs of the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) primarily by scanning electron microscopy. FRS is a physiological saline which temporarily inhibits parthenogenetic activation of the egg for 5–8 min. Spermatozoa were collected in a small volume of water and pipetted over eggs in FRS. Eggs inseminated in FRS typically incorporated the fertilizing sperm within 3–4 min. Inseminated cells showed an absence of a fertilization cone and no cortical granule exocytosis. The deep conical depression in the egg surface beneath the micropyle remained unaltered. Control eggs inseminated in tank water developed a large fertilization cone during sperm incorporation. Occasionally, eggs inseminated in water were observed to incorporate the entire sperm head prior to egg activation. Our results corroborate earlier findings showing that in the zebrafish, cortical granule exocytosis, fertilization cone formation and elevation of the sperm entry site are not triggered by the fertilizing sperm in experimental conditions (18, 19). Furthermore, sperm incorporation requires neither egg activation nor formation of a fertilization cone in this fish.
Accuracy of Telehealth-Administered Measures to Screen Language in Spanish-Speaking Preschoolers.

Abstract Introduction: There is a critical need for telehealth language screening measures for use with Spanish-speaking children because of the shortage of bilingual providers and the current lack of psychometrically sound measures that can be administered via telehealth. The purpose of the current study was to describe the classification accuracy of individual telehealth language screening measures as well as the accuracy of combinations of measures used with Spanish-speaking preschoolers from rural and underserved areas of the country. Materials and Methods: This study applied a hybrid telehealth approach that implemented synchronous videoconferencing, videocasting, and traditional pen and paper measures. Screening measures included a processing efficiency measure (Spanish nonword repetition [NWR]), language sampling, and a developmental language questionnaire. Eighty-two mostly Spanish-speaking preschool-age children and their parents participated. Thirty-four children had language impairment (LI), an...
Patient placement criteria and their relation to access to appropriate level of care and engagement in alcoholism treatment.

Patient placement criteria (PPC) facilitate treatment matching through detailed, standardized assessment of patients’ needs. This process affords the alcoholism treatment field an opportunity to address issues that influence access to appropriate level of care by highlighting these issues during the assessment.
Deaeration, pH shift, and surface disruption effects on the corrosion of modular THR alloys

Recent clinical retrieval studies have shown that extensive attack often occurs in modular total hip replacements (THR's). Proposed causes for the degradation of these implants include galvanic, crevice, and fretting corrosion, as well as combinations of these effects. The research described here is part of an ongoing study to determine the mechanism or mechanisms behind these high rates of attack. DC electrochemical techniques have been employed to conduct short, term studies related to device corrosion and fretting. The results suggest that fretting accelerated crevice corrosion is sufficient but not necessary for severe attack of modular THR's. Crevice conditions alone may cause the attack, if the pH and p/sub O2/ levels decline sufficiently far.
Impact of Airborne Doppler Radar Data Assimilation on the Numerical Simulation of Intensity Changes of Hurricane Dennis near a Landfall

Abstract Accurate forecasting of a hurricane’s intensity changes near its landfall is of great importance in making an effective hurricane warning. This study uses airborne Doppler radar data collected during the NASA Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) field experiment in July 2005 to examine the impact of airborne radar observations on the short-range numerical simulation of hurricane track and intensity changes. A series of numerical experiments is conducted for Hurricane Dennis (2005) to study its intensity changes near a landfall. Both radar reflectivity and radial velocity–derived wind fields are assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with its three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system. Numerical results indicate that the radar data assimilation has greatly improved the simulated structure and intensity changes of Hurricane Dennis. Specifically, the assimilation of radar reflectivity data shows a notable influence on the thermal and hydrometeor ...
Effects of citric acid washing on the thermodynamic interaction of some coals with acids

Abstract Samples of Wyodak and Illinois No. 6 coals were subjected to citric acid washing treatment and their heats of immersion ( ΔH imm ) in 13 acids of varying strength were compared to those of the parent coals and of polyvinylpyridine, a prototype solid base. The effect of the treatment on the Wyodak sample is considerable, but quite dependent on the nature of the acid, while citric acid washing produces only minor effects on ΔH imm s of the higher ranked Illinois coal. Interactions of treated and untreated coals with phenol and 3,5-di-t-butylphenol were also studied by flow microcalorimetry, and by adsorption isotherms from solution. Both of these techniques show that the structure of Wyodak is affected significantly by citric acid washing and that sites are apparently exposed which favour adsorption of aromatic systems.
Interpersonal communication motives in everyday interactions

Everyday conversations are pivotal to unfolding human relationships. These routine conversations provide evidence of the structure and function of talk within relationships. Interpersonal communication motives were considered antecedents to climate and outcome variables as defined by the Iowa Communication Record. Participants completed three diary records for substantial interactions they engaged in over the course of one week. Analysis established communication for enjoyment to be associated with quality and positive change outcomes. Inclusion motivation was associated with high conversational value and positive social change. Results support a functional view of communication.
North Atlantic Oscillation–related climate variability in a regional atmospheric model

[1] Climate variability over the Greenland ice sheet associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is simulated with the Polar MM5 (PMM5) regional climate model (RCM). Two five-member monthly ensembles, each representative of high or low NAO extremes, are made, with data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year reanalysis (ERA-40) used to provide the forcing for the RCM runs. Ensemble differences between the high and low NAO cases are discussed, and model output is compared to ERA-40 and to observations from automatic weather stations over Greenland. PMM5 is shown to reproduce several well-known features of NAO-related climate variability in the Greenland region, including colder near-surface air temperatures, lower sea level pressure, stronger westerly winds south of Greenland, and reduced precipitation over western Greenland and the Labrador Sea during high NAO months.
Base drag effects on maximum lift-to-drag ratio airfoils at moderate supersonic speeds

Maximum lift-to-drag ratio airfoils at moderate supersonic speeds are determined using Ackeret's linear theory for the forebody pressure coefficient and Chapman's experimental results for the base pressure coefficient. Two cases are investigated for both laminar flow and turbulent flow: (i) given length and thickness and (ii) given length and enclosed area.
Atrio-ventricular block and ventricular tacchycardia induced by severe coronary spasm.

A 51-year-old female was admitted with a history of segment elevation followed by AV block and ventricular syncope. For the previous 6 weeks she had experienced episodes of chest pain almost exclusively at night. On several occasions she was woken with pain, rose from bed and was syncopal. Physical examination was unremarkable. A 12 lead ECG was normal. A 24-h ECG was carried out. While the 24 tape was in progress she experienced an episode of pain. This corresponded with marked ST
An activity-driven model for context-awareness in mobile computing

To fully exploit the strengths and potential of the today's mobile devices, context-awareness needs to be incorporated into the very essence of mobile computing. But today's mobile computing approaches either fail to do so, or do it in a very limited way. At the same time, current research efforts in context-awareness fail to consider context as a dynamic construct, and is unable to offer a holistic treatment of context-awareness that includes an active role for the user. Our hypothesis is that to make context-awareness more intuitive and productive to the mobile user, the notion of context needs to be user-centric. In this research, we explore a novel, general form of context-aware mobile computing that is activity-driven, and where context dynamically arises from the user's activity.
Faire, Laisser, Voir and Entendre With a Dependent Infinitive

THE subject of this title represents one of the most complicated, illogical, and incoherent matters in the whole realm of French syntax, particularly in the case of faire. The difficulty is not so much in the use of faire itself or in the infinitive dependent upon it, as in the proper use and choice of the objects of both verbs. Confused in early times by a failure to distinguish between the active and passive infinitives, the construction has been made more so by the rules governing combinations of pronouns and by questions of ambiguity with the preposition d. It seems strange that such an important matter--for this construction is one of the commonest in the language--has apparently not received any comprehensive and systematic explanation. Most grammars, even those claiming to be "advanced" or "complete," give it only a fragmentary treatment; some contain contradictions or actual mis-statements, and I have yet to see any that lay down the principles governing certain important distinctions. Since faire is subject to stricter rules than the other verbs in our title, it will be discussed first.
Feminist assessment of emancipatory potential and Madonna's contradictory gender practices

The hallmark of Madonna's career has been her contradictory play with gender roles and images. While the analytic foci are varied, feminist evaluations of Madonna's contradictory gender play continue to employ binary models of assessing Madonna as either challenging or reinforcing gender roles. To move out of this binary model and to analyze instead how Madonna's contradictory practices both challenge and reinforce gender, new analytic tools must be employed. This essay proposes a collaboration between feminist rhetorical analysis and schizoanalysis as one route to meet this new need in feminist rhetorical criticism. A feminist‐schizoanaly tic perspective is applied to Madonna's The Immaculate Collection to illustrate the perspective's potential for developing criteria for evaluating the emancipatory potential contained in contradictory texts such as those of Madonna.
Reserpine Reversal Response by Iproniazid: a Dose-dependent Phenomenon

THE modification of the cardiovascular response to reserpine has been accomplished, by the pretreatment of animals with various pharmacological agents. Thus, the administration of ganglionic blocking agents1, cocaine2, and imipramine3 has resulted in the appearance of a vasopressor response on the intravenous injections of reserpine4. Pretreatment with the irreversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) also has resulted in the reversal of the usual hypotensive action of reserpine. In these instances it has been presumed that this modified response was the result of an increased concentration of circulating catecholamines due to their release by reserpine and their protection from destruction by the presence of the MAO inhibitors.
Implementing Recommendations to Eliminate Disparities in Clinical Trial Research

11th ICC Biennial Symposium EVANS and WEINBERG he primary goal of the Eliminating Disparities In Clinical Trials (EDICT) Project was to develop practical and implementable policy solutions to disparities in clinical trials. The over 300 stakeholders (community, government, research institutions, pharmaceuticals, institutional review boards [IRBs], private industry, etc.) involved in the EDICT Project accepted this challenge and succeeded. Nine opportunity teams worked together to create the recommendations that were disseminated broadly through a national policy launch, national press conference, capital hill briefing, legislative staff briefings, national Intercultural cancer council (ICC) biannual meeting, EDICT presentations and publications, regional dialogue meetings, and health fiestas. Each of these modes of dissemination were effective; however, it was during the breakout sessions at the national ICC meeting where the stakeholders were able to voice their opinions about the recommendations and their perceptions concerning implementing them in their respective organizations. Four specific questions concerning the recommendation were asked during these separate sessions: (1) How will this policy influence change in your organization? (2) What potential barriers do you think you may face with implementing this recommendation? (3) How can you overcome these barriers? and (4) What personal action will you take to implement the recommendation? The first breakout session focused on the EDICT Project Recommendation for the inclusion of CLAS standards in clinical trial research. The specific recommendation states that “federally and privately funded sponsors of clinical trials should: adopt the CLAS standards.” The specific CLAS standard discussed was . . .
The State in an Era of Cascading Politics: Wavering Concept, Widening Competence, Withering Colossus, or Weathering Change?

Although the concept of the state is pervaded with ambiguity and thus of questionable utility, the analysis proceeds from the premise that it must be employed inasmuch as so many analysts treat it as useful. At the same time, it is argued that the concept is used in diverse and contradictory ways, including tendencies to treat the state both as increasingly omnicompetent and increasingly impotent as an instrument for meeting and resolving collective needs. The analysis also concludes that states are quite resilient and capable of adapting to change under most circumstances.
Overexpression of Atypical Protein Kinase C in HeLa Cells Facilitates Macropinocytosis via Src Activation

Abstract Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is the first recognized kinase oncogene. However, the specific contribution of aPKC to cancer progression is unclear. The pseudosubstrate domain of aPKC is different from the other PKC family members, and therefore a synthetic peptide corresponding to the aPKC pseudosubstrate (aPKC-PS) sequence, which specifically blocks aPKC kinase activity, is a valuable tool to assess the role of aPKC in various cellular processes. Here, we learned that HeLa cells incubated with membrane permeable aPKC-PS peptide displayed dilated heterogeneous vesicles labeled with peptide that were subsequently identified as macropinosomes. A quantitative membrane binding assay revealed that aPKC-PS peptide stimulated aPKC recruitment to membranes and activated Src. Similarly, aPKC overexpression in transfected HeLa cells activated Src and induced macropinosome formation. Src–aPKC interaction was essential; substitution of the proline residues in aPKC that associate with the Src-SH3 binding domain rendered the mutant kinase unable to induce macropinocytosis in transfected cells. We propose that aPKC overexpression is a contributing factor to cell transformation by interacting with and consequently promoting Src activation and constitutive macropinocytosis, which increases uptake of extracellular factors, required for altered cell growth and accelerated cell migration.
Auditory change detection by a single neuron in an insect

The detection of novel signals in the auditory scene is an elementary task of any hearing system. In Neoconocephalus katydids, a primary auditory interneuron (TN-1) with broad spectral sensitivity, responded preferentially to rare deviant pulses (7 pulses/s repetition rate) embedded among common standard pulses (140 pulses/s repetition rate). Eliminating inhibitory input did not affect the detection of the deviant pulses. Detection thresholds for deviant pulses increased significantly with increasing amplitude of standard pulses. Responses to deviant pulses occurred when the carrier frequencies of deviant and standard were sufficiently different, both when the deviant had a higher or lower carrier frequency than the standard. Recordings from receptor neurons revealed that TN-1 responses to the deviant pulses did not depend on the population response strength of the receptors, but on the distribution of the receptor cell activity. TN-1 responses to the deviant pulse occurred only when the standard and deviant pulses were transmitted by different groups of receptor cells. TN-1 responses parallel stimulus specific adaptation (SSA) described in mammalian auditory system. The results support the hypothesis that the mechanisms underlying SSA and change-detection are located in the TN-1 dendrite, rather than the receptor cells.