cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of intracranial implants of testosterone propionate on intermale aggression in the castrated male mouse

Abstract Three experiments were conducted in order to assess the effects of intracranial implants of testosterone propionate (TP) on intermale aggression in the castrate male CF-1 mouse. In Experiment 1, seven groups received bilateral implants containing a total of 27 μg crystalline TP into the septum, neocortex, lateral ventricles, preoptic-anterior hypothalamus, hippocampus, medial reticular formation, and subcutaneously, and were tested 2 and 4 days after treatment. An eighth group received blank pellets in the brain. Animals receiving septal or lateral ventricle implants fought significantly more than other groups on trial 1. This difference had disappeared by trial 2, indicating diffusion of the hormone. The diffusion was corroborated by significant seminal vesicle growth. In Experiment 2 animals received bilateral implants of a total of 4.5 μg TP in paraffin or a blank pellet into the septum, preoptic-anterior hypothalamus, cortex, amygdala, olfactory bulbs, medial reticular formation, or subcutaneously. None of these treatments proved effective for activating aggression. Experiment 3 explored the activational effects of 10 μg of TP implanted bilaterally into the same areas as in Experiment 2, excluding the olfactory bulbs and cortex. Implants into the septum were followed by significantly increased fighting. Implants into the preoptic area were only marginally effective whereas the remaining two areas were not responsive to hormone treatment and did not differ from control animals. No seminal vesicle growth was detected as a result of the hormone treatments. These results would indicate that the septum is important in the control of androgen-dependent, intermale aggression in the male CF-1 mouse.
A Technique for portacaval transposition

Summary A technique is described for portacaval transposition in which portal or inferior vena caval hypertension is prevented by a decompressing external bypass during the period of vascular anastomoses. Successful preparations were uniformly attained without transfusions or fluid therapy, and with a minimum of postoperative care. The method allows transposition without ligation of tributary branches of either the vena cava or portal vein.
FUNCTIONAL CONSISTENCY IN THE FACE OF TOPOGRAPHICAL CHANGE IN ARTICULATED THOUGHTS

Studies of verbal reports have always assumed that thoughts verbalized on a given occasion are not the only ones that could have been expressed. This poses a potential problem for a recently developed thinkaloud procedure called Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (ATSS). To address this issue, comparisons were made between the articulated thoughts of subjects over two presentations of a simulated stressful event in the ATSS procedure. Articulated thoughts were analyzed for similarity across presentations both topographically for surface content and inferentially for the amount of irrationality. While the topographic analysis generally suggested a lack of stability across presentations, the inferential analysis revealed little change. The suggestion is made that incomplete verbal protocols are not problematic for ATSS if the coding strategy taps into the underlying structure presupposed by one's theoretical interest.
Possible identification of a protein in brome mosaic virus infected barley as a component of viral RNA polymerase

Abstract A protein of 34,500 daltons was detected by means of SDS-gel electrophoresis in brome mosaic virus-infected barley leaves. This protein, synthesized only at an early stage of infection, was found to be associated with cell fractions rich in particulate bound BMV-RNA polymerase activity. After solubilization of this activity by Triton X-100 treatment, this protein was found only in the sucrose gradient fractions also containing polymerase activity.
Estuary-specific variation in the air-water gas exchange coefficient for oxygen

Oxygen air-water gas exchange was measured using floating chambers in two shallow tidal estuaries of differing bathymetry and local terrain, near Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts (United States). The specific chamber design permitted measurements of gas flux in 15 min, allowing analysis of the relationship with wind speed and tidal stage. Exchange coefficients ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 g O2·m−2 h−1 atm−1 (equivalent to piston velocities of 1.5 to 7 cm h−1) for wind speeds of 0.3 to 9 m s−1 at 10 m elevation. While the relationships for each estuary appear linear (significant linear regressions with wind speed were shown for each estuary, and the slopes were different at the 99.5% confidence level), the range of speeds differed at the two sites and an exponential function of wind speed was consistent with the combined data from both estuaries. A power function of wind speed was not an acceptable model. The exchange coefficients for our estuaries are from 57% to as low as 9% of that predicted by previously published generic equations. Because the atmospheric correction can be significant in shallow, metabolically active coastal waters, we suggest that empirically determined relationships for gas exchange versus wind for a specific estuary are preferable to the predictions of the general equations. While the floating chamber method should be used cautiously, at low winds speeds (below 8 m s−1) and in slowly flowing waters, it provides a convenient approach for quantifying these site-specific differences. The differences, especially those between shallow sheltered systems and the open waters best fit by some published relationships, are ecologically important and do not appear yet to be measurable by other methods.
Heat-resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat and poultry as affected by product composition

The effects of fat level and low fat formulation on survival of Escherichia coli O157 :H7 isolate 204P heated in ground beef [7%, 10% and 20% fat], pork sausage [7%, 10%, and 30% fat], chicken (3% and 11% fat), and turkey (3% and 11% fat) were determined by D- and z-values. D-values for E. coli O157 :H7 in lowest fat products were lower than in traditional beef and pork products (P < 0.05). Overall, higher fat levels in all products resulted in higher D-values. D 60 values (min) ranged from 0.45-0.47 in beef, 0.37-0.55 in pork sausage, 0.38-0.55 in chicken and 0.55-0.58 in turkey. D 55 and D 50 values were respectively longer. Z-values ranged from 4.4-4.8°C. Product composition affected lethality of heat to E. coli O157 :H7.
β-Bungarotoxin-induced phospholipid hydrolysis in rat brain synaptosomes: Effect of replacement of calcium by strontium

A. Ghassemi, D. S. Dhillon and P. Rosenberg. β-Bungarotoxin-induced phospholipid hydrolysis in rat brain synaptosomes: effect of replacement of calcium by strontium. Toxicon26, 509 – 514, 1988. — We tested whether, upon substitution of Ca2+ by Sr2+ in a medium containing β-bungarotoxin, sufficient Ca2+ remained bound to the tissue to support phospholipid hydrolysis in rat brain synaptosomes. The phrenic nerve — diaphragm preparation could not be used, since replacement of Ca2+ by Sr2+ prolonged time to block of indirectly evoked contractions; however, no phospholipid hydrolysis could be detected (either in the presence of Ca2+ or Sr2+), due to the small amounts of presynaptic terminals. Following initial exposure of synaptosomes to a Ca2+ containing medium and then removal of Ca2+, incubation with β-bungarotoxin (1 or 10μg/ml) caused significant phospholipid hydrolysis whether or not Sr2+ was present. Therefore, conclusions as to whether phospholipase A2 activity is required for presynaptic actions of β-bungarotoxin cannot be derived from studies in which Sr2+ is used to inhibit enzymatic activity.
The plant ER: a dynamic organelle composed of a large number of discrete functional domains

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of plants is comprised of a three-dimensional network of continuous tubules and sheets that underlies the plasma membrane, courses through the cytoplasm, and links up with the nuclear envelope. Aside from discussing the dynamic properties of this versatile and adaptable organelle, the review highlights the structure and the functional properties of 16 types of morphologically defined ER membrane domains. Owing to their labile or transient nature, several of these domains can only be visualized reliably through the use of ultrarapid freezing techniques. The ER domains discussed are: the lamin receptor domain; the nuclear pores; the nuclear envelope-ER gates, the microtubule nucleation domains; the protein and oil body-forming domains; the vacuole-forming ER; the actin-binding, the plasma membrane-anchoring and the vacuole and mitochondrion-attachment domains; the lipid recycling ER cisternae and the plasmodesmata. Preliminary evidence suggests that this list will have to be expanded in the near future. Understanding the assembly, the functional roles, and the developmental regulation of these domains has implications both for understanding cell structure and function, and for exploiting plants for agricultural and biotechnological purposes.
A note on similarity theory for atmospheric boundary layers in the presence of background stable stratification

Simple but rather general arguments permit the construction of a new version of similarity theory for turbulent boundary layers in stratified rotating fluid. The failure of the Ekman boundary layer model in the presence of imposed background stable stratification is explained by introducing the scaling length L N = u */ N , where u * is the friction velocity and N the buoyancy frequency, which is chosen to characterize the background stratification (can also be considered as initial stratification). The expressions for the maximum height of turbulent boundary layer under different external conditions are derived and compared with observations. Also some remarks are made on resistance laws for stratified boundary layers. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1988.tb00360.x
Movement of Water-soluble Material in Mayer's Albumin and a Simplified Dry-mounting Method for Autoradiography

THE freeze-drying technique permits the embedding of tissue containing water-soluble radioactively labelled compounds with minimal movement of the labelled material. However, the procedure for mounting the microtome sections later obtained from the tissue usually requires a mounting adhesive containing water or actually floating the ribbon of sections on water. During the latter procedure large amounts of radioactivity are lost from the sections—up to 100 per cent in some cases1. Using the ‘mounting adhesive technique’ the radioactivity may not be lost from the section; but, what is worse, it may move, giving a false impression of the previous localization in the tissue.
Nitrogen fertilization effects on dinitrogen fixation as influenced by legume species and proportion in legume-grass mixtures in Uruguay

Grasses grown in mixture with nodulated legumes often are N-limited, but N fertilization may result in reductions of N2 fixation and legume stands. We studied N-fertilizer effects on N2 fixation for three binary legume-grass mixtures in Uruguay. Replicated swards of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (WC), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (RC), or birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) (BT), each in combination with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) (TF) at two legume proportions were sown in 1983 (Exp. 1) and 1984 (Exp. 2). In the fall of 1984, N treatments at 100 kg ha−1 and controls were randomly assigned to subplots in Exp. 1 (established swards) and in Exp. 2 (at seeding). The soil for both experiments was a fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiudolls. Herbage fixed-N was estimated by 15N isotope-dilution with pure stands of TF as reference. In both experiments, N fertilization reduced the proportion of legume N derived from air (% Ndfa) and increased herbage yield only during the first 18 to 20 weeks after application. Fertilizer-N reduced annual fixed-N yield from 178 to 148 kg ha−1 in Exp. 1 and from 65 to 29 kg ha−1 in Exp. 2 Fixed-N yield for BT was markedly reduced by N in both experiments (33 to 53%), whereas for the clovers reduction was lesser in Exp. 1 (9 to 13%) than in Exp. 2 (46 to 64%). Negative effects of N on % Ndfa were more evident for the high legume proportion. We conclude that fertilization with 100 kg N ha−1 reduced % Ndfa only for the immediate 18 to 20 weeks after application. Fertilizer-induced reduction of fixed-N yields lasted longer because of a more prolonged depression of legume proportion, especially for BT and for newly seeded swards.
The Vinland Adventure: A North Atlantic Perspective

During the Viking period, Norse seafarers from Greenland attempted to plant a settlement on the North American continent. This Vinland settlement faltered in its early phases and was not successful. Its failure may be best understood from the broader perspective of the Scandinavian expansion across the North Atlantic islands which began ca. AD 800. Adaptive shifts in the older North Atlantic colonies, geographical factors, and the resistance of Native Americans may have combined to doom this Western-most medieval colony.
The untolled problems with airport slot constraints

This paper examines the efficiency and practicality of airport slot constraints using a deterministic bottleneck model of landing and takeoff queues. It adapts this congestion pricing model to determine the optimal timing and quantity of slot permits for any number of slot windows. Aircraft choose their optimal operating times subject to the slot constraints, and airport queues adjust endogenously. The number and length of slot windows affects the congestion levels and efficiency gains. The atomistic bottleneck model is extended to include self-internalizing dominant traffic and atomistic fringe traffic. The model raises questions about the implementation of slot constraints that do not arise in standard congestion models. The theory explains (Daniel׳s, 2011) empirical findings that slot-constraints at Toronto are ineffective and suggests that recent proposals for slot constraints at US airports would be similarly ineffective. Effective slot constraints require many narrow slot windows, making slot auctions or markets difficult to implement.
Minimizing Unconstrained Fuzzy Functions

In this paper we introduce a definition for a fuzzy function as a possibility distribution over the set of all functions with certain properties. We then examine some of the implications of this definition. In particular, we show that the image of a fuzzy functions is a fuzzy vector (as defined herein). We also show that the set of values at which a real valued fuzzy function achieves its minimum is a fuzzy number and if the fuzzy function is convex, in a particular sense, then the set of vectors for which the function achieves the minimum values is connected. Lastly we discuss minimization of an unconstrained fuzzy function and how one might proceed to defuzzify the solution.
Exploring many-core design templates for FPGAs and ASICs

We present a highly productive approach to hardware design based on a many-coremicroarchitectural template used to implement compute-bound applications expressed in a high-level data-parallel language such as OpenCL. The template is customized on a per-application basis via a range of high-level parameters such as the interconnect topology or processing element architecture. The key benefits of this approach are that it (i) allows programmers to express parallelism through an API defined in a high-level programming language, (ii) supports coarse-grained multithreading and fine-grained threading while permitting bit-level resource control, and (iii) reduces the effort required to repurpose the systemfor different algorithms or different applications. We compare template-driven design to both full-custom and programmable approaches by studying implementations of a compute-bound data-parallel Bayesian graph inference algorithm across several candidate platforms. Specifically, we examine a range of template-based implementations on both FPGA and ASIC platforms and compare each against full custom designs. Throughout this study, we use a general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) implementation as a performance and area baseline. We show that our approach, similar in productivity to programmable approaches such as GPGPU applications, yields implementations with performance approaching that of full-custom designs on both FPGA and ASIC platforms.
Comparison of the plasma levels of apolipoproteins B and A-1, and other risk factors in men and women with premature coronary artery disease.

The predictors of premature coronary atherosclerosis were examined in 203 patients (99 men aged ≤50 years, and 104 women aged ≤60 years) undergoing elective diagnostic coronary arteriography. Age, cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, positive family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD), and plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoproteins (i.e., very low, intermediate-, low-, and high-density [HDL] lipoproteins and their subfractions [HDL2 and HDL3], and lipoprotein [a]) and apolipoproteins (apoA-1, apoA-2 and apoB, respectively) were examined using univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. In men, age (p < 0.05), smoking (p < 0.05), and plasma triglyceride (p < 0.02) and apoA-1 (p < 0.05) levels were independently associated with CAD. In women, smoking (p < 0.001) and plasma apoB levels (p < 0.04) were the strongest variables independently associated with CAD. It is concluded that the “nontraditional” risk factors (plasma apoA-1 and apoB levels) are better predictors of premature CAD than are plasma lipoproteins and that smoking is the strongest of the traditional nonlipid risk factors.
Developing graminoid cuticle analysis for application to Beringian palaeoecology

Abstract Much of Beringia was composed of graminoid (grass and sedge) dominated habitats during the Late-Pleistocene, yet the account of the actual gramioids that were present is relatively vague. The spatial and temporal variabilities of palaeoclimate, mega-fauna, archaeology, and vegetation interactions could be significantly enhanced with accounts of Beringian graminoids. Fossil graminoid foliage is well preserved in permafrost sediments from Beringia and is available for identification using the micro-morphologies of the leaf epidermis (cuticles), which are often consistent with taxonomic identity. We present a scanning electron microscope (SEM) guide to the leaf cuticles of 38 graminoid species shown to be, or suspected of being present in former Eastern Beringian habitats during marine isotope stages (MIS) 2 and 3 (∼ 56,000–12,000 cal. yrs BP). We examine whether modern specimens have sufficient cuticle variability to identify fossil foliage. We surveyed SEM images from herbarium specimens for 50 quantitative and qualitative features on both sides (adaxial and abaxial) of leaves, and entered these into an interactive key program (Delta Editor). Individual species were unique based on the combined presence of 2–4 cuticle features. Replicate samples (n = 5) of 10 species were integrated into a cluster analysis and visually compared using a dendrogram. Overall, fossils that match modern specimens with a Gower's similarity coefficient of 0.80 or higher can be considered a reliable identification match. Several fossil graminoid specimens were compared and identified with our reference collection. Cuticle identification appears to be a viable method for future macrofossil analysis in Beringia.
An Application of Latent Class Models to Assessment Data

Responses of 17-year-olds to selected 1977-78 Na tional Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics exercises were analyzed, using latent class models. A single model was fitted to data from five independent samples of examinees, each of which responded to a different set of six algebra or prealge bra exercises. Four categories of items were found, defining five levels of content mastery, ranging from examinees unable to solve any of the exercises (43%) through those able to solve all the exercises (19%). The methods demonstrated are broadly applicable to assessment data, including matrix-sampled data, and provide an aggregate description of examinee abilities independent of the specific characteristics of individual exercises administered.
High efficiency testing laboratory for motors, drives and generators

Conventional approaches to the testing of electric motors and drives are energy inefficient and inflexible. This paper describes the development of a new laboratory that combines modern technologies to provide a highly flexible and adaptable test platform and dynamometer. The laboratory can test generators in addition to motors and drives in both conventional steady-state and dynamic modes and can provide locked-rotor conditions by electrical rather than mechanical means. In order to achieve appropriate accuracies, several sets of transducers are employed. The electrical service to the laboratory needs only supply the inherent losses of the motor system under test and the dynamometer.
Neuroanatomical substrates of anxiety: a brief survey

Abstract Anxiety disorders have been identified as the most common type of mental illness in a recent epidemiological survey 2 . Anxiety is defined as a feeling of apprehension, uncertainty and fear. It is obviously a normal emotion but can be pathological when present without apparent cause or in excess relevant to its stimulus. It is accompanied by a variety of physiological responses such as tachycardia, sweating and tremor 3,4 . A variety of scientific investigations in this century have indicated that anxiety is associated with particular brain regions and is presumably mediated by neuronal activity in these regions. The goal of this paper is to summarize these investigations and identify the brain regions that have been associated with anxiety. Since the literature on this topic is enormous, this summary is limited, brief and somewhat arbitrary by necessity.
Instability of flat space at finite temperature

The instabilities of quantum gravity are investigated using the path-integral formulation of Einstein's theory. A brief review is given of the classical gravitational instabilities, as well as the stability of flat space. The Euclidean path-integral representation of the partition function is employed to discuss the instability of flat space at finite temperature. Semiclassical, or saddle-point, approximations are utilized. We show how the Jeans instability arises as a tachyon in the graviton propagator when small perturbations about hot flat space are considered. The effect due to the Schwarzschild instanton is studied. The small fluctuations about this instanton are analyzed and a negative mode is discovered. This produces, in the semiclassical approximation, an imaginary part of the free energy. This is interpreted as being due to the metastability of hot flat space to nucleate black holes. These then evolve by evaporation or by accretion of thermal gravitons, leading to the instability of hot flat space. The nucleation rate of black holes is calculated as a function of temperature.
New Polymeric Comb Dispersants for Agricultural Formulations: A Comparison of Performance in Pesticide Suspension Concentrates

A new family of dispersants for agrochemical suspension concentrate (SC) formulations has been created by reacting an anhydride-bearing resin with a methyl capped polyether amine. The result is a moderate molecular weight graft polyamide, with the desirable “comb” geometry. From this family of materials, four were chosen for comparison to three commercially available benchmark dispersants in several typical pesticide suspension concentrates. The criteria used to compare the new to the old dispersants were: ability to reduce suspension viscosity, zeta potential, syneresis, and tendency of the concentrate to “hardpack.” The study demonstrated that the new dispersants are generally very effective dispersants, but care must be used in selecting the best dispersant/wetting agent combination for a given pesticide formulation.
Dietary, Lifestyle, and Health Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in Adults 19 to 39 Years of Age The Bogalusa Heart Study

Diet and lifestyle factors of young adults and their relationship to health risk factors are understudied. Data from the Bogalusa Heart Study population (n = 1214; 19-39 years; 74.1% white; 60.8% f...
Vector calculus and the topology of domains in 3-space

(2002). Vector Calculus and the Topology of Domains in 3-Space. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 109, No. 5, pp. 409-442.
Vitamin A exerts a photoprotective action in skin by absorbing ultraviolet B radiation

Retinyl esters, a storage form of vitamin A, concentrate in the epidermis, and absorb ultraviolet radiation with a maximum at 325 nm. We wondered whether these absorbing properties of retinyl esters might have a biologically relevant filter activity. We first used an in vitro model to assess the photoprotective properties of retinyl palmitate. We then applied topical retinyl palmitate on the back of hairless mice before exposing them to 1 J per cm2 ultraviolet B, and assayed the levels of thymine dimers produced in epidermal DNA 2 h following ultraviolet B exposure. Finally, we applied topical retinyl palmitate or a sunscreen on the buttocks of human volunteers before exposing them to four minimal erythema doses of ultraviolet B; we assayed the levels of thymine dimers produced 2 h following ultraviolet B exposure, and determined the intensity of erythema 24 h after ultraviolet B. In vitro, retinyl palmitate was shown to be as efficient as the commercial filter octylmethoxycinnamate in preventing ultraviolet-induced fluorescence or photobleaching of fluorescent markers. The formation of thymine dimers in mouse epidermis was significantly inhibited by topical retinyl palmitate. In human subjects, topical retinyl palmitate was as efficient as a sun protection factor 20 sunscreen in preventing sunburn erythema as well as the formation of thymine dimers. These results demonstrate that epidermal retinyl esters have a biologically relevant filter activity and suggest, besides their pleomorphic biologic actions, a new role for vitamin A that concentrates in the epidermis.
Generic Module Theory

Abstract The process of restricting modules to cyclic shifted subgroups is a fundamental technique in the modular representation theory of elementary abelianp-groups. IfEis elementary abelian ofp-rankrandkis an algebraically closed field of characteristicp, then each point inkr−{0} determines a cyclic shifted subgroup. Because the restriction of akE-module to this shifted subgroup depends only upon the corresponding point in projective space, it is often convenient to work with2kr−1instead ofkr−{0}. Roughly speaking, this paper shows that ifVis an irreducible subvariety of3kr−1andMis akE-module, then for almost all points inVthe direct sum decomposition ofMis the same upon restriction; moreover, this decomposition is completely determined by the behavior ofMupon restriction to the cyclic shifted subgroup corresponding to the generic point ofV. A similar idea provides a stratification of the rank variety ofMinto a disjoint union of locally closed subspaces. The closures of these subspaces are then described in terms of deformations of modules over a group of orderp.
Assessing the Utility of Photoswitchable Fluorescent Proteins for Tracking Intercellular Protein Movement in the Arabidopsis Root

One way in which cells communicate is through the direct transfer of proteins. In plants, many of these proteins are transcription factors, which are made by one cell type and traffic into another. In order to understand how this movement occurs and its role in development, we would like to track this movement in live, intact plants in real-time. Here we examine the utility of the photoconvertible proteins, Dendra2 and (to a lesser extent) EosFP as tags for studying intracellular and intercellular protein movement in the Arabidopsis root. To this end, we made fusions between Dendra2 and six mobile transcription factors. Our results show that Dendra2 is an effective tool for studying protein movement between plant cells. Interestingly, we found that Dendra2 could not simply be swapped into existing constructs that had originally contained GFP. Most of the fusions made in this way failed to produce a fluorescent fusion. In addition we found that the optimal settings for photoconversion of Dendra2 in stably transformed roots were different from what has been published for photoconversion in transient assays in plants or in animal cells. By modifying the confocal setting, we were able to photoconvert Dendra2 in all cell layers in the root. However the efficiency of photoconversion was affected by the position of the cell layer within the root, with more internal tissues requiring more energy. By examining the Dendra2 fusions, we confirmed the mobility of the SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and CAPRICE (CPC) transcription factors between cells and we further discovered that SHR movement in stele and CPC movement in the epidermis are non-directional.
FIELDS IN GAP-EXCITED CIRCULAR DUCTS

Abstract Formulas for the electric and magnetic fields in a circular waveguide, cut in two by a plane perpendicular to the axis, are given together with some numerical data. The field is excited by a voltage applied across the two halves of the duct. The energy and momentum kicks which particles experience upon crossing of the gap are examined in some detail.
Numerical Flow Simulation and Validation of an Electrical Submersible Pump

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate the hydraulic performance of a centrifugal pump within the electrical submersible pump (ESP) unit in single-phase flow. The geometry consists of a three-stage centrifugal pump with an impeller and a diffuser in each stage. The stage performance is influenced by the inlet and outlet conditions of the stage, and therefore, three stages were modeled. The simulations were run at 3,500 RPM for various flow rates within the operating range. The k-e turbulence model and the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model were used to compare the capabilities of the model on performance predictions. Simulations were run in steady and unsteady flow conditions with a single vane and a full pitch model.Hydraulic performance such as efficiency, pump head, and break horse power (BHP) obtained from numerical analysis were compared with the test results to validate the CFD model. The comparison results revealed that the CFD overpredicts the pump head and underpredicts the BHP by 5 to 10%. The discrepancy between measurements and predictions are reasonable because the hydraulic leakage and bearing power losses are not modeled in CFD. The overall predicted efficiency is higher than the measurements because of overpredicted head and underpredicted BHP. Comparing numerical simulations with different turbulent models showed no significant difference between the k-e model and the SST model. The steady/ unsteady flow comparison also showed similarity in the hydraulic performance near the best efficiency point. For design purposes, steady flow simulation with a single vane and the k-e model were used to cut computational time.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Clinical neuromuscular pharmacology of doxacurium chloride

Abstract The effective dosages, onset times, and durations of action for doxacurium when administered to either adults or children during various types of anesthetics are discussed. In general children require more doxacurium to achieve and maintain a given degree of neuromuscular blockade than adults. The recovery from a doxacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade following the administration of neostigmine occurs quickly at light levels, but is slightly delayed at deeper levels of neuromuscular blockade. The neuromuscular-blocking profile for doxacurium is not influenced by prior dosing with succinyl-choline. Finally, the anticonvulsant drugs carbamazepine and phenytoin cause a resistance to the production and maintenance of a neuro-muscular blockade by doxacurium.
Bypassing translation factors in molecular dissociation and reactions.

Recent calculations of three-body systems have obtained correct dissociating states in a hyperspherical adiabatic framework. The hyperradius scrR, a measure of the size of the system, commutes with the kinematic rotations connecting united-atom and dissociation limits. This result has general significance. The widely discussed translation factors were included in the Born-Oppenheimer basis to compensate an intrinsic shortcoming rooted in the separation of nuclear and electronic kinetic energies. The treatment of kinetic energy in the adiabatic hyperspherical procedure eliminates the need for translation factors entirely, even though this procedure departs from the Born-Oppenheimer model only slightly in other respects.
Evidence that lipid peroxidation in microsomal membranes of epidermis is associated with generation of hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen

Abstract The role of superoxide, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in the augumentation of enzymic lipid peroxidation in epidermal microsomes was assessed. Incubation of epidermal microsomes with NADPH or xanthine oxidase-system resulted in significant generation of lipid peroxides as measured by malondialdehyde formation. Epidermal lipid peroxidation was inhibited by catalase and singlet oxygen quenchers, 2,5-dimethylfuran, histidine and β carotene whereas OH − scavengers, benzoate, mannitol and ethyl alcohol had no effect. Superoxide dismutase had no protective effect on lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E and cytochrome c 3+ substantially inhibited the epidermal lipid peroxidation. These studies demonstrate that polyunsaturated lipids of skin microsomes are susceptible to peroxidation. Chemical agents known to protect against the toxic effects of singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation suggesting that these moieties may play a significant role in mediating the reaction.
Nanoindentation of biological materials

Nanoindentation has recently emerged as a powerful tool for measuring nano- and microscale mechanical properties in tissues and other biomaterials. This technique has been used to measure the mechanical properties of microstructural features in bone and teeth, investigate variations in mechanical properties with changes in tissue organization or composition in mineralized and soft tissues, and map mechanical properties spatially in complex biomaterials. Continuing advancements in indentation data analysis will increase the method's utility in the characterization of biomaterials.
Effect of chronic exposure to hypoxia on development and maintenance of renal hypertension in rats.

SummaryExposure of rats to an atmosphere containing 13% oxygen immediately after encapsulation of their kidneys with latex envelopes prevented the elevation of systolic blood pressure to the level of encapsulated controls maintained in an atmosphere containing 21% oxygen. The protection afforded remained only as long as the rats were exposed to hypoxia. Following return to 21% oxygen, mean blood pressure of the treated group was identical with that of untreated controls within 2.5 weeks. Paired-feeding of the control animals to match their food intake with that of the rats exposed to 13% oxygen assured that the protective effect of hypoxia was not related to an accompanying anorexia. The mechanism responsible for the protection observed is unknown but may be associated with one or a number of the physiological and biochemical changes induced by hypoxia.
Geomagnetic Field Effects in Anomalous Dreams and the Akashic Field

Ervin Laszlo has used the ancient concept of the Akashic Records for the basis of his “Akashic Field” (A-field) model, one that has obvious implications for parapsychology, the scientific study of anomalous human–human and human–environment interactions, that is, “psi.” Experiments with “telepathic” and “precognitive” dreams are one example of parapsychological research that may fit the A-field model because of its information-carrying potential. Psi appears to be a complex system, one that may reflect the connective “web” posited by the A-field model. In other words, the “universal knowledge” implicit in the old descriptions of the Akashic Records may have a modern-day counterpart.
EFFECT OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS INFECTION ON INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO SERUM AND HEMOGLOBIN.

Abstract An alteration of metabolism of C14-labeled amino acids into serum and hemoglobin was observed when glycine, alanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were fed to Trichinella-infected mice. An initial fall in serum C14 specific activity and subsequent rise was observed as duration of the infection was extended from 14 to 180 days. The observed changes in concentration of C14 in serum and hemoglobin appear to be related to the influence of the infection on various amino acid transaminase and decarboxylase enzyme systems. dl -Tryptophan-2-C-14 was incorporated into hemoglobin of 180-day infected mice in a tenfold increase over that found in normal mice. A 20% increase in C14 activity was found in the serum. In all 180-day infected mice the serum free-amino acid carboxyl carbon levels rose above those of normal mice, indicating a decrease in utilization of serum free amino acids.
Percutaneous debridement of complex pyogenic liver abscesses: technique and results

The author's approach and technique in the treatment of complex liver abscesses that persisted or recurred following percutaneous drainage are described. Six patients were treated by percutaneous de-bridement utilizing an instrument specifically constructed for that purpose. Four patients were chronically ill but stable. Two patients were septic, hypotensive and considered life threatened. All patients had primary pyogenic abscesses. Four had demonstrated mixed bacterial flora consisting of E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and gram-positive cocci and two were caused by E. coli only. In all cases a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen revealed multiloculated or septated abscesses containing large central debris and peripheral shell or halo of compromised hepatic parenchyma. Debridement was successful in all cases resulting in complete healing in 4–12 days. Follow-up for periods of between 1 and 4.5 years revealed no recurrences. Three cases of infected tumors of the liver were referred for treatment. CT findings in these cases demonstrated a well-developed external capsule and internal septations and the absence of a surrounding halo of compromised parenchyma distinguishes them from primary abscesses.
Stimulus Timing-Dependent Plasticity in Cortical Processing of Orientation

The relative timing of presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes plays a critical role in activity-induced synaptic modification. Here we examined whether plasticity of orientation selectivity in the visual cortex depends on stimulus timing. Repetitive pairing of visual stimuli at two orientations induced a shift in orientation tuning of cat cortical neurons, with the direction of the shift depending on the temporal order of the pair. Induction of a significant shift required that the interval between the pair fall within +/-40 ms, reminiscent of the temporal window for spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. Mirroring the plasticity found in cat visual cortex, similar conditioning also induced a shift in perceived orientation by human subjects, further suggesting functional relevance of this phenomenon. Thus, relative timing of visual stimuli can play a critical role in dynamic modulation of adult cortical function, perhaps through spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Effect of [Pyridylmethanimine]/[CuI] Ratio, Ligand, Solvent and Temperature on the Activation Rate Constants in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

The effect of [L]/[Cu 1 ] ratio, ligand, the choice of solvent and temperature on the activation rate constants in ATRP with catalyst complexes formed with two pyridylmethanimine ligands [PMI, i.e., N-propyl-pyridylmethanimine (NPPMI) and N-octyl-pyridylmethanimine (NOPMI)] were studied. Maximal values for the apparent rate constants were observed at an [L]/[Cu 1 ] ratio of ∼2/1 and 1/1 in polar and nonpolar solvents, respectively. This is similar to the results obtained with the Cu /bpy system and was attributed to the formation of [Cu I /L 2 ] + Br - and [Cu I /L 2 ] + Cu I Br - 2 species. The Cu I /NPPMI system was only soluble in polar reaction media; however, the Cu I MOPMI complex was soluble in both polar and less polar reaction media. The activation rate constants increased with increasing temperature and the value of activation energy (E a ) for Cu I /NPPMI in the activation process was 58.1 kJ.M -1 .K -1 .
The role of sphingosine kinase-1 in EGFRvIII-regulated growth and survival of glioblastoma cells

We have previously shown that high expression levels of the lipid kinase sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) correlate with poor survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. In this study we examined the regulation of SphK1 expression by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in GBM cells. As the EGFR gene is often overexpressed and mutated in GBM, and EGFR has been shown to regulate SphK1 in some cell types, we examined the effect of EGF signaling and the constitutively active EGFRvIII mutant on SphK1 in GBM cells. Treatment of glioma cell lines with EGF led to increased expression and activity of SphK1. Expression of EGFRvIII in glioma cells also activated and induced SphK1. In addition, siRNA to SphK1 partially inhibited EGFRvIII-induced growth and survival of glioma cells as well as ERK MAP kinase activation. To further evaluate the connection between EGFR and SphK1 in GBM we examined primary neurosphere cells isolated from fresh human GBM tissue. The GBM-derived neurosphere cell line GBM9, which forms GBM-like tumors intracranially in nude mice, maintained expression of EGFRvIII in culture and had high levels of SphK1 activity. EGFR inhibitors modestly decreased SphK1 activity and proliferation of GBM9 cells. More extensive blockage of SphK1 activity by a SphK inhibitor, potently blocked cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death of GBM9 cells. Thus, SphK1 activity is necessary for survival of GBM-derived neurosphere cells, and EGFRvIII partially utilizes SphK1 to further enhance cell proliferation.
Minority stress, perceived bicultural competence, and depressive symptoms among ethnic minority college students.

Based on biculturalism theory (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993), the present study examined the direct effect of perceived bicultural competence (PBC) on depressive symptoms, and PBC as a potential coping resource to moderate the association between minority stress and depressive symptoms. Participants were 167 Asian American, African American, and Latino/a American students at a predominantly White Midwest university. Results from a hierarchical regression analysis suggested that (a) minority stress was positively associated with depressive symptoms after controlling for perceived general stress, (b) PBC was negatively associated with depressive symptoms after controlling for perceived general stress and minority stress, and (c) the interaction between minority stress and PBC was significant in predicting depressive symptoms. Results from a simple effect analysis supported the hypothesis that a higher level of PBC buffers the association between minority stress and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, post hoc exploratory analyses of the components of PBC suggested that 2 components, Social Groundedness and Cultural Knowledge, may be especially important coping resources.
Minimum spanning tree partitioning algorithm for microaggregation

This paper presents a clustering algorithm for partitioning a minimum spanning tree with a constraint on minimum group size. The problem is motivated by microaggregation, a disclosure limitation technique in which similar records are aggregated into groups containing a minimum of k records. Heuristic clustering methods are needed since the minimum information loss microaggregation problem is NP-hard. Our MST partitioning algorithm for microaggregation is sufficiently efficient to be practical for large data sets and yields results that are comparable to the best available heuristic methods for microaggregation. For data that contain pronounced clustering effects, our method results in significantly lower information loss. Our algorithm is general enough to accommodate different measures of information loss and can be used for other clustering applications that have a constraint on minimum group size.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling of Aircraft Control Surfaces by Indicial Response Methods

This study is part of a larger effort to create reduced-order models for aerodynamic forces and moments acting on a maneuvering aircraft with moving control surfaces. The aircraft used in this study was inspired by the T-38 jet trainer and includes elevators, rudder, ailerons, and trailing-edge flaps on the wing for landing and takeoff. A hybrid unstructured overset mesh was generated to move these control surfaces and simulate the unsteady flowfields around the aircraft. The static results are first compared to experimental data available at different flap deflection angles, with good agreement obtained at low to moderate angles of attack and deflection angles. Unsteady airloads predictions were then made using the indicial response methods and response functions due to step changes in control surface deflection angles. A time-dependent surrogate model was also used to approximate the response function variation with changes in the angle of attack. The model outputs were then compared with time-accurate ...
Angular momentum of trapped atomic particles

In axially symmetric atomic-particle traps, the angular momentum of the particles about the symmetry axis is conserved in the absence of external torques. Changes in this angular momentum owing to laser scattering are discussed.
Books with Audiovisuals

The Edge of the Forest: Land, Childhood and Change in a New Guinea Protoagriculturd Society. E. Richard Sorenson. Growing up as a Fore. E. Richard Sorenson.
Possible metabolites of dieldrin in the sailfin mollie (Poecilia latipinna).

ConclusionsTwo products, thought to be metabolites of dieldrin, have been detected in extracts of the liver and of various organs of the sailfin mollie P. latipinna, after the fish had been exposed to dilute solutions of dieldrin in sea water for 1 hr. Some properties of these substances are different from those described for dieldrin metabolites in other animals. We suggest that they may be partially dechlorinated cyclo-diene fragments of the dieldrin originally administered.
Risk factors and outcomes of blood transfusions in adrenalectomy

Abstract Background Blood transfusion has been shown to be associated with adverse long-term and short-term outcomes. We sought to evaluate the preoperative risk factors associated with blood transfusion and its effects on postoperative outcomes after adrenalectomy. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 4735 adrenalectomies (3664 laparoscopic and 1071 open) from 2005–2012 using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Data on preoperative risk factors and postoperative morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Results Median age and body mass index were 54 y and 29.3 kg/m 2 , respectively. Most patients were female (60.0%). Of the total, 60.6% patients had American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3. On multivariate analysis, increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, P P P 150 min (OR: 3.69, P P P P P = 0.006), cardiopulmonary complication (OR = 3.6, P P = 0.007), reoperation (OR = 3.6, P P P Conclusions Age, open surgery, preoperative anemia, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and prolonged operative time are associated with an increased need for blood transfusions in laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy. Intraoperative transfusion was independently and incrementally associated with significant morbidity and mortality after laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy.