cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation parameters for directly determined first order rate constants for outer sphere electron transfer reactions, and crystal structure of a pertinent pentaammine of CoIII

Abstract The outer sphere reductions of Co(NH3)5B3+ by Fe(CN)5A3− have been studied. The observed pseudo first order rate constants (Co complex in excess) obey the dependence kobs=Kosket[Co]/(1 +Kos[Co]), as expected for outer sphere electron transfer reactions. Values of the fundamental electron transfer rate constants ket have been determined, along with the equilibrium constant Kos for a range of reactions in which A and B are pyridyl ligands of different sizes. The first order electron transfer rate constants vary in a manner that is consistcnt with adiabatic electron transfer. The outer sphere ion pairing equilibrium constants Kos have been calculated: Kos=8.6 ± 0.1 × 102 M−1 when A and B=pyridine; Kos=1.07 ± 0.09 × 103 M−1 where A=pyridine, B=1-phenyl-3-(4-pyridyl)propane; Kos=1.86 ± 0.11 × 103 M−1 when A=4,4′-bipyridine, B=pyridine; Kos=1.27 ± 0.08 × 103 M−1 when A=4,4′-bipyridine, B=4-phenylpyridine. Distances of closest approach between the metal centers in the reactive ion pairs are compared, and it is concluded that there is a common mechanism, in which the ammonia side of the cobalt complex approaches the cyano side of the iron complex in each reactive ion pair. The distance of closest approach between the two metal centers (a) was calculated from the experimental values for the ion pairing equilibrium constant Kos at 25 °C: 5.2 A when A=4,4′-bipyridine, B=pyridine; 5.4 A when A=4,4′-bipyridine, B=4-phenylpyridine; 5.5 A when A=pyridine, B=1-phenyl-3-(4-pyridyl)propane; 5.7 A when A=B=pyridine. These relatively short metal-metal distances, when compared to the X-ray structure of the compound [Co(NH3)5(4-phenylpyridine)]2[S2O6]3· 4H2O, do not support an ion pair orientation in which the two substituted pyridine ligands A and B are oriented toward each other. [P21/c,a=7.399(3), b=22.355(10), c=13.776(4) A, β=92.02(3)°, R=0.070.] The crystallographic results show that if the two pseudo-octahedral coordination spheres are oriented in the reactive ion pair so that an ammonia face of the cobalt complex is at hydrogen bonding distance from a cyano face on the iron complex, the metal-metal distance is 5.3 A, a distance which is in agreement with the kinetic results.
Implications of Changes for the Field ADHD

This article provides a thorough discussion of the proposed DSM-5 changes and their implications for current and future approaches to assessment, identification, and service delivery for children and adolescents with ADHD. Educational and clinical implications are discussed with special attention to the individual impact of the changes, diagnostic prevalence rates, and associated societal costs. Developmental period is considered as an important factor in the potential impact of the DSM-5 changes. The authors conclude that the DSM-5 proposed revisions may improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity; yet the overall impact of these changes remains largely unknown as many were not empirically validated. The authors suggest that the cumulative impact of the set of changes be considered when finalizing the DSM-5 revisions.
Elevated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in men with metastatic prostate cancer starting androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with shorter time to castration resistance and overall survival.

BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and adipokines have been implicated in prostate cancer carcinogenesis. METHOD Data from 122 men with serum samples drawn within 3 months of starting ADT for metastatic prostate cancer was accessed retrospectively. IGF-1, IGF binding protein (BP)-1, leptin, and adiponectin levels were measured by multiplex electrochemiluminescence assays. A multivariable Cox model assessed the association of time to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and overall survival by the protein levels, adjusted for clinical variables, age and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels at start of ADT, race, ECOG status, extent of metastases and were reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Median follow-up and overall survival were 44 and 42.2 months, respectively. ECOG performance status (≥1 vs. 0) was negatively associated with overall survival [HR = 2.8 (1.1–7.0), P = 0.03], and PSA nadir <0.2 was predictive of longer time to CRPC [HR = 0.3 (0.2–0.5), P < 0.0001]. The median time to CRPC by low, middle, and top IGFBP-1 tertile distribution was 20.7, 18.1, and 12.4 months, respectively, with HR for middle versus low tertile levels 3.1 (1.7–5), P = 0.0003, and for top versus low tertile levels was 2.4 (1.3–4.2), P = 0.003. The median overall survival by low, middle and top tertile IGFBP-1 level was 48.5, 46.4, and 32.8 months, respectively, with HR for top versus low tertile 2.5 (1.2–5.1), P = 0.01. There was no association with IGF-1, adiponectin and leptin. CONCLUSION Elevated IGFBP-1 appears to be associated with shorter time to CRPC and lower overall survival in men with metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 74:225–234, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Bayesian approach to stochastic root finding

A stylized model of one-dimensional stochastic root-finding involves repeatedly querying an oracle as to whether the root lies to the left or right of a given point x. The oracle answers this question, but the received answer is incorrect with probability 1 − p(x). A Bayesian-style algorithm for this problem that assumes knowledge of p(·) repeatedly updates a density giving, in some sense, one's belief about the location of the root. We demonstrate how the algorithm works, and provide some results that shed light on its performance, both when p(·) is constant and when p(·) varies with x.
Reverse-Contrast Imaging and Targeted Radiation Therapy of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Models.

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of delivering experimental radiation therapy to tumors in the mouse pancreas. Imaging and treatment were performed using combined CT (computed tomography)/orthovoltage treatment with a rotating gantry. Methods and Materials After intraperitoneal administration of radiopaque iodinated contrast, abdominal organ delineation was performed by x-ray CT. With this technique we delineated the pancreas and both orthotopic xenografts and genetically engineered disease. Computed tomographic imaging was validated by comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Therapeutic radiation was delivered via a 1-cm diameter field. Selective x-ray radiation therapy of the noninvasively defined orthotopic mass was confirmed using γH2AX staining. Mice could tolerate a dose of 15 Gy when the field was centered on the pancreas tail, and treatment was delivered as a continuous 360° arc. This strategy was then used for radiation therapy planning for selective delivery of therapeutic x-ray radiation therapy to orthotopic tumors. Results Tumor growth delay after 15 Gy was monitored, using CT and ultrasound to determine the tumor volume at various times after treatment. Our strategy enables the use of clinical radiation oncology approaches to treat experimental tumors in the pancreas of small animals for the first time. We demonstrate that delivery of 15 Gy from a rotating gantry minimizes background healthy tissue damage and significantly retards tumor growth. Conclusions This advance permits evaluation of radiation planning and dosing parameters. Accurate noninvasive longitudinal imaging and monitoring of tumor progression and therapeutic response in preclinical models is now possible and can be expected to more effectively evaluate pancreatic cancer disease and therapeutic response.
Power Limitations of Piezoelectric Length Expander Transducers

Factors limiting the power output of piezoelectric transducers include electrical breakdown, mechanical failure, non-linear effects of large amplitude on material properties, such as the dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric coefficients, thermal effects and cavitation effects for transducers radiating into fluid media. A review will be made of the literature in this subject area. Emphasis will be on how these factors influence the equivalent circuit models. Where possible, some of the practical aspects will be presented.
A Sub-600mV, Fluctuation tolerant 65nm CMOS SRAM Array with Dynamic Cell Biasing

Combinations of circuit techniques enabling tolerance to Vtau fluctuations in SRAM cell transistors during read or write operations and significant reductions in minimum operating voltage are reported. Implemented in a 9 Kb times 74 b PDSOI CMOS SRAM array with a conventional 65 nm SRAM cell and an ABIST, these techniques, demonstrate VMIN of 0.58 V and 0.40 V/0.54 V for single and dual VDD implementations respectively. The techniques consume a 10-12% overhead in area, improve performance marginally and also enable over 50% reduction in cell leakage with minimal circuit overhead.
The Axonal Membrane Protein Caspr, a Homologue of Neurexin IV, Is a Component of the Septate-like Paranodal Junctions That Assemble during Myelination

We have investigated the potential role of contactin and contactin-associated protein (Caspr) in the axonal–glial interactions of myelination. In the nervous system, contactin is expressed by neurons, oligodendrocytes, and their progenitors, but not by Schwann cells. Expression of Caspr, a homologue of Neurexin IV, is restricted to neurons. Both contactin and Caspr are uniformly expressed at high levels on the surface of unensheathed neurites and are downregulated during myelination in vitro and in vivo. Contactin is downregulated along the entire myelinated nerve fiber. In contrast, Caspr expression initially remains elevated along segments of neurites associated with nascent myelin sheaths. With further maturation, Caspr is downregulated in the internode and becomes strikingly concentrated in the paranodal regions of the axon, suggesting that it redistributes from the internode to these sites. Caspr expression is similarly restricted to the paranodes of mature myelinated axons in the peripheral and central nervous systems; it is more diffusely and persistently expressed in gray matter and on unmyelinated axons. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that Caspr is localized to the septate-like junctions that form between axons and the paranodal loops of myelinating cells. Caspr is poorly extracted by nonionic detergents, suggesting that it is associated with the axon cytoskeleton at these junctions. These results indicate that contactin and Caspr function independently during myelination and that their expression is regulated by glial ensheathment. They strongly implicate Caspr as a major transmembrane component of the paranodal junctions, whose molecular composition has previously been unknown, and suggest its role in the reciprocal signaling between axons and glia.
Photometric Redshift Requirements for Self-Calibration of Cluster Dark Energy Studies

The ability to constrain dark energy from the evolution of galaxy cluster counts is limited by the imperfect knowledge of cluster redshifts. Ongoing and upcoming surveys will mostly rely on redshifts estimated from broadband photometry (photo-z's). For a Gaussian distribution for the cluster photo-z errors and a high cluster yield cosmology defined by the WMAP 1 year results, the photo-z bias, and scatter needs to be known better than 0.003 and 0.03, respectively, in order not to degrade dark energy constrains by more than 10% for a survey with specifications similar to the South Pole Telescope. Smaller surveys and cosmologies with lower cluster yields produce weaker photo-z requirements, though relative to worse baseline constraints. Comparable photo-z requirements are necessary in order to employ self-calibration techniques when solving for dark energy and observable-mass parameters simultaneously. On the other hand, self-calibration in combination with external mass inferences helps reduce photo-z requirements and provides important consistency checks for future cluster surveys. In our fiducial model, training sets with spectroscopic redshifts for $\ensuremath{\sim}5%--15%$ of the detected clusters are required in order to keep degradations in the dark energy equation of state lower than 20%.
The New York Times and Washington Post

This paper examines The New York Times’ and Washington Post’s coverage of US drone strikes in Yemen and Pakistan to determine whether they have accurately reported on the number of civilians killed in drone strikes and the overall civilian impact, as well as whether they have placed drone strikes within their proper legal context. The author concludes that both newspapers have failed to report the number of civilian casualties accurately and have underemphasized the civilian impact of drone strikes, while also excluding international legal issues from their coverage.
Signaling Noncomprehension of Language : A Comparison of Fragile X Syndrome and Down Syndrome

Signaling noncomprehension of the spoken messages of others was examined for youth with fragile X or Down syndrome in comparison with each other and nonverbal MAmatched typically developing children. A direction-following task was used in which some of the directions were inadequate. Both syndrome groups signaled noncomprehension less often than did the typically developing children. The ability to signal noncomprehension appropriately was related to a measure of receptive vocabulary and syntax. Preliminary analyses indicated that males with fragile X syndrome signaled noncomprehension less often than did their female peers, even after controlling for differences in nonverbal MA.
ELASTIC BEHAVIOR AND CREEP OF REFRACTORY BRICK UNDER TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE LOADS

Specimens cut from 9-in, brick of nine brands of firebrick, including two high-alumina, four fire-clay, two siliceous fire-clay, and one silica, were subjected to tensile and compressive creep tests at eleven temperatures from 25° to 950°C., inclusive. The duration of each test was approximately 240 days. Small length changes, independent of stress direction (that is, compressive or tensile), occurred at the lower temperatures. The lowest temperatures at which creep was significant were (a) high-alumina brick, 700° to 850°C.; (b) fire-clay brick, 600° to 700°C.; and (c) siliceous and silica brick, 950°C. Creep results under compressive stress could not be correlated with results under tensile stress. Specimens of different brands, at 950° C. showed greatly different capacities to carry load. Repeated heatings caused growth of silica brick of approximately 0.27%. Moduli of elasticity at room temperature were determined before and after the various heat-treatments and resultant changes were recorded. The changes in moduli were 15% or greater for silica and siliceous brick and 4% or less for the fire-clay brick. The moduli of elasticity at room temperature were approximately 2.7–4.3 × 106 for high-alumina brick, 0.6–1.9 × 106 for fire-clay brick, 0.3–1.7 × 106 for siliceous fire-clay brick, and 0.4 × 106 for silica brick.
Back to Basics in the Foreign Language Classroom

The current cry of ‘back to basics’ can also be heard among foreign language educators. This article traces some of the causes for discontent, especially the lack of common goals in the profession, the proliferation of disconnected options, and the unrealistic expectations our instructional materials put on the learner. The author warns of interpreting ‘the basics’ too narrowly and maintains that foreign language study has a unique place and function in the general curriculum. She proposes reinstatement of a general language requirement, but only after we have re-examined our discipline for the inherent knowledge and skills which will contribute to emphasizing fundamental humanistic goals for all learners. She calls for the development of an articulated curriculum from FLES through college, differentiating between general requirement courses and those intended for the specialist aiming toward mastery of the target language.
Software Development Environments

Abstract : The growing demand for reliable large-scale software systems cannot be met without advances in software development environments. Although promising technologies are emerging, a number of issues must be addressed to ensure the timely transition of those technologies to practice. This paper discusses issues relevant to the transition of such technologies and projects to be undertaken by the Software Engineering Institute to address those issues. The SEI'S primary mission is the transition of modern software engineering methods to practice. Software engineering environments represent a good means to support that end. They provide the means both to integrate tools and to provide a uniform conceptual framework for the user. While from one point of view an environment can enforce uniform practices, it also provides the means to maintain the rich information base that most likely will be required to support reusability of requirements and designs. The SEI's role with respect to environments is not to build a specific environment, but to help explore the validity of new concepts by building prototypes, to stimulate the research community to attack critical problems, and to refine the requirements for the next generation of large-scale environments.
An on-line adaptive beamforming capability for HF backscatter radar

An adaptive-array beamforming capability has been implemented on-line in an existing over-the-horizon (OTH) backscatter radar. Inputs to the beamformer consisted of signals from eight 32- element subarrays of the 256-element, 2.5-km-long receiving array at the Wide Aperture Research Facility (WARF) located in California. Both conventional and adaptive beamforming were performed prior to the usual range/Doppler analysis used to extract radar targets from noise and clutter. The Griffiths P -vector algorithm, a recursive, time-domain adaptive technique, was implemented in all-digital fashion using fixed-point arithmetic on a 16-bit minicomputer. Desired signals utilized were aircraft targets and a fixed, ground-based radar repeater simulating a moving target, while unwanted signals were other-user interference and signals from a separate ground-based radar repeater. It was found that adaptive rejection of unwanted signals was dependent on pointing-angle alignment and that rejection was often increased by removal of the clutter by moving target indicator (MTI) filtering prior to adaptation. For some conditions, Doppler broadening can he produced by the time modulation imposed by continuous adaptation, unwanted-signal rejection with the adaptive beamformer is variable, but side-by-side comparisons obtained at WARF show that adaptive beamforming can reject off-azimuth signals up to 20 dB better than conventional beamforming with a -25 dB Dolph taper.
Vaginal-Rectal Colonization With Group A Streptococci in Late Pregnancy

Objective: To determine the vaginal-rectal colonization rate with groupA streptococci in late pregnancy. Methods: All patients delivering at a northern New England hospital over a 38 month period had 35-37 week vaginal-rectal swabs cultured for group A and group B streptococci, using selective media and slide agglutination. Results: Six thousand nine hundred forty-four screening cultures were obtained. Among these 1,393 were positive for group B streptococci and 2 for group A streptococci, yielding colonization rates of 20.1% and 0.03%, respectively. Conclusions: Vaginal-rectal colonization with group A streptococci is rare, arguing against the need for establishing group A streptococcal screening programs in pregnancy. An approach for managing this uncommon finding is presented. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:217-219, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Situation-aware contract specification language for middleware for ubiquitous computing

Ubicomp applications are characterized as situation-aware, frequently-and-ephemerally-communicated and QoS-properties-associated. Using middleware to provide multiple QoS support for these ubicomp applications will enhance the development of the ubicomp applications. To satisfy the different QoS requirements of various applications in ubicomp environments, which are heterogeneous and resource-variant, it is important for the underlining middleware to adapt to different QoS requirements and environments. Situation-Aware Contract Specification Language (SA-CSL) specifies the QoS requirements of the applications. The specification includes requirements in situation-awareness, real-time constraints and security properties. This specification is used to customize the middleware architecture to better satisfy these requirements. SA-CSL is based on the Separation of Concern (SoC) discipline used in the Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD). It specifies the crosscutting aspects of situation-awareness, real-time constraints and security property separately. Because of the object-oriented design, SA-CSL is open for incorporating new QoS properties specification.
Mechanical Power output from Striated Muscle during Cyclic Contraction

1.The mechanical power output of a synchronous insect muscle was determined by measuring tension as the muscle was subjected to sinusoidal length change and stimuli which occurred at selected phases of the length cycle. The area of the loop formed by plotting muscle tension against length over a full cycle is the work done on that cycle; the work done times the cycle frequency is the mechanical power output. The muscle was a flight muscle of the tettigoniid Neoconocephalus triops . The measurements were made at the normal wing-stroke frequency for flight (25 Hz) and operating temperature (30°C). 2.The power output with a single stimulus per cycle, optimal excursion amplitude, and optimal stimulus phase was 1.52 J kg −1 cycle −1 or 37W kg −1 . The maximum power output occurs at a phase such that the onset of the twitch coincides with the onset of the shortening half of the length cycle. The optimum excursion amplitude was 5.5% rest length; with greater excursion, work output declined because of decreasing muscle force associated with the more rapid shortening velocity. 3.Multiple stimulation per cycle increases the power output above that available with twitch contractions. In this muscle, the maximum mechanical power output at 25 Hz was 76 W kg −1 which was achieved with three stimuli per cycle separated by 4-ms intervals and an excursion amplitude of 6.0% rest length. 4.The maximum work output during the shortening of an isotonic twitch contraction was about the same as the work done over a full sinusoidal shortening-lengthening cycle with a single stimulus per cycle and optimum excursion amplitude and phase.
Gamma titanium aluminides: Their status and future

Gamma alloys, based on the gamma titanium aluminide (y-TiAl) intermetallic compound, are emerging as a revolutionary engineering material for high-temperature structural applications. This article discusses the historical background as well as the status and future prospects of gamma alloy technology in the areas of alloy development/ design, process development, and applications.
Evidence of translocation and physiological impacts of foliar applied CeO2 nanoparticles on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants

Currently, most of the nanotoxicity studies in plants involve exposure to the nanoparticles (NPs) through the roots. However, plants interact with atmospheric NPs through the leaves, and our knowledge on their response to this contact is limited. In this study, hydroponically grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants were aerially treated either with nano ceria powder (nCeO2) at 0.98 and 2.94 g/m3 or suspensions at 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/L. Fifteen days after treatment, plants were analyzed for Ce uptake by using ICP-OES and TEM. In addition, the activity of three stress enzymes was measured. The ICP-OES results showed Ce in all tissues of the CeO2 NP treated plants, suggesting uptake through the leaves and translocation to the other plant parts. The TEM results showed the presence of Ce in roots, which corroborates the ICP-OES results. The biochemical assays showed that catalase activity increased in roots and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased in leaves. Our findings show that atmospheric NPs ca...
Relationship of Several Environmental Factors to the Incidence of Breast Blisters in Large Type Male Market Turkeys

Abstract SEVERAL workers have investigated the effect of various environmental factors on the occurrence of breast blisters in chicken broilers and roasters, but few in turkeys. The causes of blisters may be closely related in both species of poultry. The studies have emphasized various management conditions that might cause sufficient mechanical irritation to the bird’s breast tissue to result in subsequent breast blister development. In studies with chickens, Hodgson and Gutteridge (1941), Shoffner and Canfield (1957), and Koonz et al. (1963) observed that wire covered floors increased the incidence of breast blisters. Rasplicka (1962) reported that wire covered range roosts had a similar effect on turkeys. He also noted that roost type had a greater influence than roost height among several strains of turkeys. Dobson (1964) observed that incidence of blisters was higher among turkeys with access to range shelters with roosts. Size of roosts, however, had no effect on blister …
Energy Conversion and Storage

Man has developed many ways to convert stored energy into the most useful forms of mechanical and electrical energies. This chapter reviews the basic approaches of performing these conversions.
Perils, Pitfalls, Precautions and Possibilities of Building Advanced Optical Systems for Ophthalmic Applications

Building advanced optical systems is not easy, but building them for the living human eye is even harder. This talk will outline the unique challenges the eye presents and discuss efforts underway to overcome them. Article not available.
Effects of fulvotomentoside on splenic T lymphocyte subsets of ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of fulvotomentoside(Ful) on the splenic T lymphocyte subsets of ovalbumin(OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice. METHODS: Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. The mice in group Se and Ful were sensitized intraperitoneally two times and challenged intragastrically 12 times with OVA. Group Ful were treated with 200 mg/kg concentration of Ful daily for 22 d. The mice in group Se were used as positive controls and treated with normal saline(NS) solution. The mice in group NS were used as negative controls without sensitization and challenge. The levels of OVA-specific IgE in serum were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to detect the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in spleen. Mononuclear cells in spleen were cultured with OVA for 48 h. The levels of IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-10 in the supernatants were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with group Se, the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 was increased and the levels of OVA-specific IgE in serum were reduced in group Ful. The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was higher in group Ful than in group Se and NS. CONCLUSION: Ful can induce the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and regulate the balance of Th1 and Th2 in the OVA-sensitized mice. Ful may be of value in the treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy.
Research on Intelligent Control of Drum Level of Boiler in Thermal Power Plants

Aiming at the current control technologies and applications of traditional drum level of boiler,this paper discussed the intelligent control technology of drum level of boiler in thermal power plants.Firstly the drum water characteristics and the control technology application were analyzed,on the basis of which,the intelligent control strategy for drum water level of boiler was pointed out,the measurement program of drum water level based on the reliability of the sensor itself was given out,and the targeted drum level of intelligent control methods were also discussed and analyzed,which could enhance the intelligent control accuracy of drum level of boiler.All this work is significative for enhancing the application level of the intelligent control of drum level of boiler in thermal power plants.
Adequacy of simple probability models for calculating felt-shaking hazard, using the Chinese earthquake catalog

abstract The Chinese earthquake catalog is used to evaluate the adequacy of simple methods for calculating seismic hazards. These simple methods use a time-stationary model for seismicity and an exponential distribution for earthquake size. Earthquake occurrences in five provinces of North China (the area with the most complete history) during time segments of three lengths (50, 100, and 200 years) are used as input to the hazard analysis. The probabilities of felt shaking in 62 cities in North China are calculated for the 50-year period following each time segment, and are compared to the observed occurrences of felt shaking during the 50-year period. Data intervals of 50 and 100 years suffice for accurate estimation of probabilities of felt shaking; 200 years of earthquake history lead to poorer estimates of these probabilities if the rate of earthquake occurrence is averaged over the entire 200 years. This inaccuracy results from the apparent periodicity of activity in North China, which has a cycle of about 300 years. The implication is that, at a specific time, the most recent seismic activity is the best data base to use for calculation of probabilities of felt shaking in the near future.
Fales Hot Springs: A case study in renewable augmented net zero energy

Abstract The renewable augmented zero energy (RAZE) structure in Fales Hot Springs, Calif., is near abundant geothermal hot spring, solar, biomass, wind, and run-of-river hydrokinetic natural resources that can be harvested to create a net zero energy facility. This provided an excellent platform from which to systemically assess the technical feasibility, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and social benefit as functions of weighted customer requirements.
Ornamental Plants in the United States: An Econometric Analysis of a Household‐Level Demand System

This study provides an empirical analysis of demand for a large group of ornamental plants using a theory-based demand model. Specifically, consumer preferences are represented by the Almost Ideal Demand System where allowance is made for demand censoring. Given that revealed-preference data are usually limited to certain ornamental plants and geographical locations, we exploit unique hypothetical purchase data collected via an online survey regarding 16 annual, perennial, and foliage plants from across the United States. The effect of various socio-economic and demographic factors on demand for plants is quantified. Our findings indicate that ornamental plants are predominantly price-elastic with foliage plants being more price-responsive vis-a-vis other plant categories. Further, a majority of plants are expenditure-elastic with the estimates of foliage plants manifesting the greatest variability. Finally, plants in the same category appear to be closer substitutes. Results benefit ornamental plant industry stakeholders as they determine the best pricing strategies in their specific markets.
Chapter 1 – Various Synthetic Methods of Benzoxazine Monomers

Various synthetic methods for benzoxazine monomers are introduced. Not only the traditional Mannich condensation methods of phenol, amine, and formaldehyde, but cycloaddition and other reactions are utilized to lead to the structural flexibility of benzoxazines. These methods are applicable to the monomer synthesis with alternative energy sources and to the synthesis of benzoxazine's analogue, naphthoxazine.
Analyzing Citation and Research Collaboration Characteristics of Faculty in Aerospace, Civil and Environmental, Electrical and Computer, and Mechanical Engineering.

This article investigates citation and research collaboration habits of faculty in four engineering departments. The analysis focuses on similarities and differences among the engineering disciplines. Main differences exist in the use of conference papers and technical reports. The age of cited materials varies by discipline and by format. Regarding faculty connection with other subjects, the study finds that aerospace and mechanical engineering faculty collaborate more often with researchers outside their fields, while civil and environmental faculty, as well as electrical and computer engineering faculty, are more likely to cooperate with peers in their fields. Lists of highly cited journals are generated. The paper also provides suggestions for collection management, research assistance, and outreach efforts.
Evaluating the Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Hop Yield

Cultivation of hop plants in the United States dates back to 1633 when the first brewery was opened by Dutch immigrants near Fort Amsterdam on the southern tip of Manhattan Island, New York. Although the primary use for hop cones is flavoring and preservation of beer, research is ongoing for further uses of hop cones and resins as a sedative and antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence Measurements of an Arabidopsis Mutant, Altered in the γ-Subunit of the ATP Synthase, Display Changes in Non-Photochemical Quenching

In plants, the redox state of the γ-subunit of the ATP synthase is thought to play a role in the activation and the catalysis of the enzyme via the transmembrane electrochemical gradient, ΔμH+ (1). Gabrys et al. (2) have described a mutant called cfq (for coupling factor quick recovery) which was selected on the basis of absorbance changes at 518 nm. Ortiz and Ort (3) showed that the cfq has a point mutation (atpC1: E244K) in the γ-subunit of its ATP synthase. In this mutant, a larger ΔpH is expected for the activation of ATP synthase and a higher concentration of protons is expected to build up within the lumen. On the other hand, it has been suggested that the photoprotective mechanism against excess irradiance, that leads to “non-photochemical quenching” (NPQ) of chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence, includes the effects of both protons and quenching by zeaxanthin formed from violaxanthin (4). In order to examine a possible relationship between ΔpH (or H+s) and the NPQ, we have measured Chl a fluorescence from the leaves of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana and the cfq mutant.
Data analysis for CO2-EOR in shale-oil reservoirs based on a laboratory database

Abstract Unconventional resources have played a significant role in changing oil industry plans recently. Shale formations in North America such as Bakken, Niobrara, and Eagle Ford have huge oil in place, 100–900 Billion barrels of recoverable oil in Bakken only. However, the primary oil recovery is still low as 5–10%. EOR methods are currently considered as a new concept in unconventional reservoirs due to the immature information about these plays. Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) might be the most potential strategy to improve oil recovery in such complex plays (Alfarge et al., 2017a,b). Jin et al. (2016) conducted an experimental study to investigate improving oil recovery by CO2 injection in 21 natural preserved core samples from Bakken Petroleum System (BPS). Their experimental results indicated that CO2 injection has a significant potential to improve oil transportability in these Nano-pores formations. In this study, data analysis for feasibility of CO2-EOR has been conducted on 95 cases of natural preserved cores collected from different formations including 44 cases from Middle Bakken, 26 cases from Lower Bakken, 17 from Upper Bakken, 4 cases from Three Forks, and 4 cases from unknown formation/formations. The relationship between the improved oil recovery by the injected CO2 and 6 rock properties including porosity, permeability, mean pore throat radius, total organic carbon content (TOC), water saturation, and oil saturation has been separately determined and physically discussed. Furthermore, the relationships between the improved oil recovery obtained by the injected CO2 and 4 operating parameters including CO2 bath pressure, CO2 bath temperature, and core sample bulk size, and exposing time have been also separately investigated. A Proxy model to associate the functionality of the improved oil recovery by CO2 injection and these 10 parameters have been constructed. Moreover, statistical methods for Design of Experiments (DOE) have been used to rank the most important parameters affecting CO2-EOR performance in the microscale level (lab scale) of these unconventional reservoirs. This study provides an important set of lab-based data obtained from natural preserved cores to find out the applicability of CO2-EOR in these unconventional reservoirs. Also, this research demonstrates some key points which could help in understanding CO2-EOR mechanisms in shale plays since they are much complex and very different from conventional formations.
Drinking Water Lithium Levels Fail to Predict for the Incidences of Acute or Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia

Frenkel and Herbert (1974) commented upon the inverse relationship between drinking water lithium ion (Li+) content and the incidences of acute granulocytic leukemia (AML) in the Dallas-Ft. Worth standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA) and in El Paso, Texas. They also noted a similar incidence of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CML) in the two areas, suggesting no relationship to drinking water Li concentrations. We have further investigated these relationships by correlating the drinking water Li+ concentrations with the incidence rates of AML and CML in 19 American cities, SMSAs, or states. For both AML and CML, we have determined no significant correlation (p > 0.10) between drinking water Li+ content and the incidence data.
Freedom in Christ: Quasi-Experimental Research on the Neil Anderson Approach

This quasi-experimental investigation examined the psychological effects of participating in an intensive Freedom in Christ workshop offered at a graduate school of divinity. Pre-seminar, post-semi...
HOW QUERY SYSTEMS CAN SIMPLIFY MODELS AND AID ANALYSIS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the way in which query systems can simplify models and aid analysis. Commands should have telescopic/microscopic capability that allows increasingly finer and broader focus. In a matrix, the submatrix is analogous to a molecule. The query system should be able to change focus from atoms to molecules. The power of a query system can be measured in two ways: (1) the amount of information that can be eliminated as undesirable in response to a question and (2) the number of queries it takes to answer a question. The PERUSE system is used successfully to determine the root cause of infeasibility and unboundedness. The internal design of an analytical query system supports the external design and is transparent to the analyst. An operational maxim is that the internal design must support the external design and not vice versa. The access software and the data structure should be designed so that space and speed are optimized. In the data structure design, parsimony of space is important even in a virtual storage system. Information, usually stored in different places, should be consolidated in one place.
Zero Emission Sources of Electricity: Cost, Capacity, Advantages and Disadvantages

This paper shows how much carbon-free energy might ultimately be available at the global scale. It is based on the international reports and incorporates data from our more recent research. The paper examines cost, capacity, advantages and disadvantages of hydropower, nuclear fission, biomass, wind, geothermal, solar and ocean energy. It highlights which sources make most sense.
Cardiovascular disease in late survivors of tetralogy of Fallot: A tertiary care center experience

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot can survive to late adulthood; however, there are few data on cardiovascular outcomes in this population. We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of cardiovascular outcomes and risk factors in 208 patients with tetralogy of Fallot to better evaluate the burden of cardiovascular disease in this group. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of relevant cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes, including a composite analysis of cardiovascular disease. Rates and mean values from the American Heart Association 2011 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics Update were used as population estimates for comparison. In tetralogy of Fallot patients, cardiovascular disease prevalence was not different from that found in the general population (40% vs 36%, P=0.3). However, there was significantly more cardiovascular disease in tetralogy of Fallot men aged 20 to 39 years (30% vs 14%, P < 0.05) and in tetralogy of Fallot men aged 40 to 59 years (63% vs 29%, P < 0.0001). This was due to higher prevalence of coronary disease (12% vs 7%, P < 0.05) and heart failure (16% vs 2%, P < 0.0001). In particular, the increased prevalence of heart failure (regardless of pulmonary valve disease) accounts for the frequency of cardiovascular disease in tetralogy of Fallot men aged 20 to 59 years. These data support the need to routinely screen young adult male survivors of tetralogy of Fallot for asymptomatic heart failure. Further studies are needed to determine the incidence, severity, and long-term effects of cardiovascular disease in the adult congenital heart disease population.
Science and Applications of HE-II in Space

He II has played and will continue to play a significant role in space, both as a cryogen and as a subject of experiment in its own right. Major applications include the completed Infrared Astronomical Satellite and the Spacelab 2 Infrared Telescope missions. Planned missions include the NASA Cosmic Background Experiment, the Space IR Telescope and the Large Deployable Reflector as well as the European Space Agencies’ Infrared Space Observatory. Science experiments include the completed Superfluid Helium in Zero Gravity Experiment and the planned Superfluid Helium On- Orbit Transfer and Lambda Point experiments. In all of these missions, the unique properties of He II play an essential role. This paper describes past and future applications and experiments on helium II in the space environment.
Neuroepidemiology as the Basis of Scientific Clinical Neurology

On the eve of the VIth World Congress of Neurology held in Brussels in 1957, Wilder Penfield opened an Anglo-American Symposium in London on the history and philosophy of the brain and its functions with a Hippocratic preamble. In this lecture Penfield [1] quoted a personal communication from Dr. Gordon Holmes as follows: “The claim of Hippocrates that knowledge comes only from direct observation, observation controlled by experiment, remains today the essential basis of our science.”
Transgressive Segregation and Long-Term Consistency for High TSWV Field Resistance in the ‘Georgia-06G’ Peanut Cultivar

Tomato spotted wilt disease caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a major peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production problem in the United States. TSWV has become endemic since the mid-1980s i...
Indium Phosphide Photonic Integrated Circuits for Free Space Optical Links

An indium phosphide (InP)-based photonic integrated circuit (PIC) transmitter for free space optical communications was demonstrated. The transmitter consists of a sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR) laser, a high-speed semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), a Mach-Zehnder modulator, and a high-power output booster SOA. The SGDBR laser tunes from 1521 to 1565 nm with >45 dB side mode suppression ratio. The InP PIC was also incorporated into a free space optical link to demonstrate the potential for low cost, size, weight, and power. Error-free operation was achieved at 3 Gb/s for an equivalent link length of 180 m (up to 300 m with forward error correction).
Hereditary spastic paraplegia presenting as limb dystonia with a rare SPG7 mutation

Evaluate carefully for any spasticity or ataxia in a patient who presents with focal dystonia to determine appropriateness of genetic testing for SPG7 .
Magnetic Properties of Multifilamentary Nb3Sn Composites

Magnetic behavior of composite superconductors depends strongly on the distribution and the properties of superconducting filaments and the matrix materials. This paper presents experimental results of magnetization measurements on both conventional internal-bronze wires and in-situ composites. The results are presented in M-H curves and analyzed in terms of filamentary magnetization and coupling magnetization. For comparison, results of a typical NbTi-Cu matrix wire are also presented. Techniques to maintain the individuality of each filament under external field change are reviewed and discussed in detail, ac loss analysis of each type of composite for certain possible technical applications is emphasized.
A theoretical investigation of adequate range uncertainty margins in proton treatment planning to preserve tumor control probability.

AbstractBackground: Proton dose distributions are sensitive to range uncertainties, resulting in margins added to ensure adequate tumor control probability (TCP). We investigated the required margi...
Ambulatory ECG monitoring in the age of smartphones

Ambulatory electrocardiography (ECG) allows for extended monitoring of arrhythmias in a real-world setting. This article reviews the currently available ambulatory ECG devices and their differences in design, function, indications, efficacy, cost, and optimal use in clinical practice.
Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Random Walks

A class of two-dimensional random walks on lattices is investigated in which the walker can always step to nearest neighbor sites in any row but can step to nearest neighbor sites in a column only for certain specified “connected” columns. Two cases are considered: 1) the vertical lattice “connections” occur periodically and 2) the vertical “connections” are placed randomly. In the first case the asymptotic behaviour of a number of walk properties is found to agree with the corresponding asymptotic behaviour for a walk on a translationally invariant regular two-dimensional lattice with appropriately chosen anisotropic stepping probabilities. For the case of random column connections we show that this problem is isomorphic to the problem of studying vibrations in randomly disordered harmonic lattices. The anisotropic two-dimensional lattice random walks studied in this paper may have important implications for the understanding of transport processes occurring in anisotropic crystals such as TCNQ and TTF-TCNQ and for fluid flow through packed columns.
Gastric duplication cyst in an infant: A case report

Abstract Gastrointestinal duplication is an infrequent congenital disorder, presenting a mucosal-covered muscle layer. Gastric duplication cysts comprise about 2–9% of all gastrointestinal duplication cysts. The clinical picture is usually characterized by epigastric pain, vomiting and palpable abdominal mass, which may present in other more frequent diseases. Diagnostic confirmation often requires complementary imaging exams and treatment is always surgical. We report the case of a 2 month-old girl, presenting with incoercible, non-bilious vomiting after feeding with an initial diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. After a more thorough investigation, she was diagnosed with a gastric duplication cyst in the pylorus region. A laparotomy was performed with complete cystic resection. The followup visits were uneventful with complete resolution of symptoms. Gastric duplication have less than 50 reported cases. When it is located in the pylorus, it presents with earlier symptoms, including in the neonatal period, simulating cases of pyloric hypertrophic stenosis, as in the case reported here. Clinical examination and imaging help to determine the most accurate diagnosis, allowing appropriate surgical treatment, avoiding future complications including malignant tumors.