cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 120-GHz Bandwidth CMOS Distributed Power Amplifier With Multi-Drive Intra-Stack Coupling

This letter presents a distributed power amplifier (DPA) topology that improves both the power combining efficiency and the operation bandwidth. Multi-drive intra-stack coupling is introduced in the design of the gain cells to break the tradeoff between high output power ( $P_{\text {OUT}}$ ) requirement and the achieved bandwidth. The proposed technique also compensates for the input transmission line (TL) loss to accommodate more stages and achieve flat gain and higher $P_{\text {OUT}}$ . A prototype eight-stage, 16-dB gain, 120-GHz bandwidth DPA is fabricated in 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) using elevated coplanar waveguide (CPW) TLs with a core area of 0.51 mm2. The amplifier maintains an output $P_{\mathrm {1\,dB}}$ and $P_{\mathrm {SAT}}$ higher than 18 and 20 dBm, respectively, up to 60 GHz and achieves a peak PAE of 19.7% at 15 GHz. A 64-quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) modulated signal with data rate 30 Gb/s (5 GBaud/s) is demonstrated at 55 GHz with a 13.5 dBm average $P_{\mathrm {OUT}}$ and 6.9% PAE while the error vector magnitude (EVM) is kept below 5%. To the authors’ knowledge, the achieved 757-GHz gain-bandwidth product (GBW) is the highest among reported non-cascaded DPAs. The DPA has also the highest continuous-wave (CW) and modulated PAE compared to other reported distributed amplifiers (Das).
Infrastructural excess: the branding and securing of bus rapid transit in Cleveland, Ohio

This study develops the notion of infrastructural excess to foreground how representational strategies and security practices combine to facilitate a specific political rationality of public bus tr...
RaDD Runtimes: Radical and Different Distributed Runtimes with SmartNICs

As network speeds increase, the overhead of processing incoming messages is becoming onerous enough that many manufacturers now provide network interface cards (NICs) with offload capabilities to handle these overheads. This increase in NIC capabilities creates an opportunity to enable computation on data in-situ on the NIC. These enhanced NICs can be classified into several different categories of SmartNICs. SmartNICs present an interesting opportunity for future runtime software designs. Designing runtime software to be located in the network as opposed to the host level leads to new radical distributed runtime possibilities that were not practical prior to SmartNICs. In the process of transitioning to a radically different runtime software design for SmartNICs there are intermediary steps of migrating current runtime software to be offloaded onto a SmartNIC that also present interesting possibilities. This paper will describe SmartNIC design and how SmartNICs can be leveraged to offload current generation runtime software and lead to future radically different in-network distributed runtime systems.
Abstract PO-074: The impact of phenotypic bias in the generalizability of deep learning models in non-small cell lung cancer

Although deep learning analysis of diagnostic imaging has shown increasing effectiveness in modeling non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) outcomes, a minority of proposed deep learning algorithms have been externally validated. Given a majority of these models are built on single institutional datasets, their generalizability across the entire population remains understudied. Moreover, the effect of biases that exist among institutional training dataset on overall generalizability of deep learning prognostic models is unclear. We attempted to identify demographic and clinical characteristics which if over-represented within training data could affect the generalizability of deep learning models aimed at predicting survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using a dataset of pre-treatment CT images of 422 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we examined deep learning model performance across demographic and tumor specific factors. Demographic factors of interest included age and gender. Clinical factors of interest included tumor histology, overall stage, T-Stage, and N-Stage. The effect of bias among training data was examined by varying the representation of demographic and clinical populations within the training and validation datasets. Model generalizability was measured by comparing AUC values among validation datasets (biased versus unbiased). AUC was estimated using 1,000 bootstrapped samples of 400 patients from validation cohorts. We found training datasets with biased representation of NSCLC histologist to be associated with greatest decrease in generalizability. Specifically, we found over-representation of adenocarcinoma within training datasets to be associated with an AUC reduction of 0.320 (0.296 - 0.344 CI, p Citation Format: Aidan Gilson, Justin Du, Guneet Janda, Sachin Umrao, Marina Joel, Rachel Choi, Roy Herbst, Harlan Krumholz, Sanjay Aneja. The impact of phenotypic bias in the generalizability of deep learning models in non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-074.
Is the Author Still Dead

The New Critics’ notion that poems are organically unified wholes was attacked by new critical ideologies because (1) it privileged the author as source, and (2) it bounded off the work from its socio-historical outside. With no notion of the whole, the new methods were able to cherry-pick whatever they wanted from the works they interpreted. Analyzing the logical flaws in these methods, in particular that of Foucault, Staten argues for a new critical discipline of “close reading” that treats literary works as functional, not “organic” wholes, made not by some genius author but by impersonal, socio-historically evolved technai—as for example the works of “Homer,” which were created by a long tradition of interaction among poets, performers, and audiences.
An Examination of Misconceptions and Their Impact on Cervical Cancer Prevention Practices among Sub-Saharan African and Middle Eastern Refugees.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to understand cervical cancer screening and prevention practices of refugee women in San Diego, California and identify desired components of a cervical canc...
Spanish Reception of Russian Narratives, 1905-1939: Transcultural Dialogics

Drawing upon theories on the novel in Bakhtin's 'Dialogic Imagination', this book examines Nuevo Romanticismo through the lens of Russo-Soviet 'litterature engagee'. The term Nuevo Romanticismo originated in Jose Diaz Fernandez's eponymous essay and has been applied to a group of writers who exemplified a rehumanization of the field of Spanish cultural production. In contrast with the dehumanized tendencies noted by Ortega y Gasset, writers Cesar Arconada, Ramon J. Sender, and Lusia Carnes combined avant-garde aesthetics and a deep preoccupation with the human condition, creating a model of politically engaged art in part through transcultural dialogues with Russian literary models. This study explores the deep connection between Spanish and Russian narratives immediately before and during the Second Republic, as well as themes as relevant today as nearly a century ago: the ethics of war, the new woman, and responses to machine culture in the modern age. Lynn C. Purkey is an Associate Professor of Spanish at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga.
Developmental Trajectories of Adult Romantic Attachment: Assessing the Influence of Observed Interactions With Family of Origin:

The present study evaluates longitudinal trajectories of adult romantic attachment during adulthood using latent growth curve modeling. We also tested how observed family interactions were related ...
Representations of Semisimple Lie Algebras

In this chapter, we prove the theorem of the highest weight for irreducible, finite-dimensional representations of a complex semisimple Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}.\) We first prove that every such representation has a highest weight, that two irreducible representations with the same highest weight are isomorphic, and that the highest weight of an irreducible representation must be dominant integral. This part of the theorem is established in precisely the same way as in the case of \(\mathsf{sl}(3; \mathbb{C})\) in Chapter 6 It then remains to prove that every dominant integral element is, in fact, the highest weight of some irreducible representation. In the \(\mathsf{sl}(3; \mathbb{C})\) case, we did this by first constructing the representations whose highest weights were the fundamental weights (1, 0) and (0, 1), and then taking tensor products of these representations. For a general semisimple Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g},\) however, there is no simple way to construct the representations whose highest weights are the fundamental weights in Definition 8.36. Thus, we require a new method of constructing the irreducible representation of \(\mathfrak{g}\) with a given dominant integral highest weight. This construction will be the main topic of the present chapter.
Sexual selection targets cetacean pelvic bones

Male genitalia evolve rapidly, probably as a result of sexual selection. Whether this pattern extends to the internal infrastructure that influences genital movements remains unknown. Cetaceans (whales and dolphins) offer a unique opportunity to test this hypothesis: since evolving from land-dwelling ancestors, they lost external hind limbs and evolved a highly reduced pelvis that seems to serve no other function except to anchor muscles that maneuver the penis. Here, we create a novel morphometric pipeline to analyze the size and shape evolution of pelvic bones from 130 individuals (29 species) in the context of inferred mating system. We present two main findings: (1) males from species with relatively intense sexual selection (inferred by relative testes size) tend to evolve larger penises and pelvic bones compared to their body length, and (2) pelvic bone shape has diverged more in species pairs that have diverged in inferred mating system. Neither pattern was observed in the anterior-most pair of vertebral ribs, which served as a negative control. This study provides evidence that sexual selection can affect internal anatomy that controls male genitalia. These important functions may explain why cetacean pelvic bones have not been lost through evolutionary time.
Keepers of the U.S. Code: the Case for a Congressional Clerkship Program

Congress drives the federal lawmaking process. Yet every year our best new lawyers focus their competitive energies not on jobs with the nation's legislature but rather on judicial clerkships and other prestigious apprenticeships with executive agencies, law firms, and academe. Congress should be concerned. But it needs to understand that this demand deficit has grown in part from a supply problem of its own creation. Unlike the courts, agencies, firms, and academe, Congress lacks an apprenticeship program. For the first time in the literature, I set out the case in full for a congressional clerkship program. After explaining Congress's current comparative inaccessibility, and identifying the immediate benefits of a program to Congress and young lawyers, I argue that a congressional clerkship program would be a vital first step toward correcting the profound, previously unrecognized dearth of legislative experience among the profession's elite demonstrated by my new empirical analysis. I conclude by urging the Senate to approve a bill passed by the U.S. House that would create a pilot program, and explaining what Congress needs to do to make its clerkship program successful over the long run.
Bundling and Firm Reputation

By bundling experience goods, a manufacturer can more easily maintain a reputation for high quality over time. Formally, we extend Klein and Lefler's (1981) repeated moral hazard model of product quality to consider multi-product firms and imperfect private learning by consumers. When consumers are small, receive imperfect private signals of product quality, and have heterogeneous preferences over available products, then purchasing multiple products from the same firm makes consumers more effective monitors of the firm's behavior. These consumers observe more signals of firm behavior and detect shirking with a higher probability, which creates stronger incentives for the firm to produce high quality products. By constraining all of the firm's consumers to use more effective monitoring and punishment strategies, bundling creates an even stronger incentive for a multi-product firm to produce high quality products. The impact of bundling on incentives is even greater when consumers cannot identify which of the goods is responsible for poor overall product performance.
A Simple Anthropometric Method for Calculating Segmental Leg Limb Volume

(1974). A Simple Anthropometric Method for Calculating Segmental Leg Limb Volume. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 211-214.
Molecular cloning of a third isoform of the calmodulin-sensitive plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase that is expressed predominantly in brain and skeletal muscle.

Abstract A complementary DNA for a third isoform of the calmodulin-sensitive plasma membrane Ca-ATPase has been isolated from a rat brain cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of the 5.1-kilobase pair cDNA has been determined, and the amino acid sequence of the protein, designated PMCA3, has been deduced. PMCA3 is 1159 amino acids in length and has an Mr of 127,300. It exhibits 81% and 85% amino acid identity, respectively, to isoforms 1 and 2 (PMCA1 and PMCA2) of the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase. The transcript encoding PMCA3 is similar to that of PMCA1 in that it contains a sequence in the 3'-untranslated region that has the potential to encode an alternative calmodulin binding domain and carboxyl terminus. The tissue distribution of mRNAs encoding isoforms 1, 2, and 3 has been determined by Northern blot hybridization analyses. PMCA1 mRNAs are expressed in all tissues examined, suggesting that this protein may serve as a housekeeping form of the enzyme. However, PMCA2 and PMCA3 mRNAs exhibit a high degree of tissue specificity. PMCA2 mRNAs are expressed predominantly in brain and heart, whereas PMCA3 mRNAs are expressed predominantly in brain and skeletal muscle.
Women's attitudes towards a pre-conception healthy lifestyle programme.

Summary Nearly half of US women begin pregnancy overweight or obese and more than half of overweight or obese pregnant women experience excessive gestational weight gain. Recent lifestyle intervention programmes have helped women avoid excessive weight gain during pregnancy, but helping women lose weight before pregnancy may be a more effective way to improve pregnancy outcomes. This study assessed women's attitudes towards pre-conception diet and weight management interventions. An anonymous survey was conducted in patients waiting in a health maintenance organization's obstetrics and primary care waiting rooms. It focused on attitudes towards participating in a pre-conception, lifestyle change programme. Eighty percent of the 126 women surveyed were pregnant or considering pregnancy within 5 years. Of the 126 respondents, 60 (48%) were overweight or obese. Of these, 96% rated healthy diet and healthy weight before pregnancy as very important or important and 77% favoured a healthy lifestyle programme (diet, weight management and physical activity) before becoming pregnant. Likewise, overweight or obese women reported being likely or highly likely to participate in specific intervention programme aspects such as keeping phone appointments (77%), using a programme website (70%) and keeping food and exercise records (63%). Survey results show that women in this population believe that adopting a healthy lifestyle and losing weight are important before pregnancy and that they are enthusiastic about programmes that will help them achieve those goals in preparation for pregnancy.
Superconductivity and structural instability in SrTiO3

Abstract Mattheiss has recently calculated the effects of the 105°K structural phase transition on the conduction band and Fermi surface of SrTiO 3 . The implications of this calculation for the microscopic understanding of superconductivity in SrTiO 3 are explored. In particular, coupling constants for electron-soft phonon interactions are evaluated. Certain pieces of Fermi surface are coupled very strongly to the soft mode which drives the structural instability, but these pieces are depopulated in the distorted phase. It is concluded that, contrary to a suggestion of Appel, soft phonon modes do not affect superconductivity in SrTiO 3 .
Reengineering in action

The first conference featuring presentations by line managers implementing reengineering was held in Orlando, Florida, in January by The Manufacturing Institute, a division of the Institute for International Research.
Non-medical variables affecting outcomes of children with heart disease

Abstract Many non-medical variables such as patient demographics and socioeconomic status have been shown to affect cardiovascular outcomes. Patient characteristics such as age, gender, race and ethnicity are frequently considered risk factors for cardiac surgery. Type of insurance, income and level of education may also have significant impact on service utilization and health outcomes of children with heart disease. Furthermore, many healthcare system characteristics, such as hospital case volume and surgeon's case volume, have been shown to affect patient outcomes. In this article, we review the effect of these non-medical variables on outcomes of children undergoing cardiac surgery, and discuss issues related to improving patient outcomes by recognizing patients at higher risk.
Graphical integration of the flood-wave equations

The partial differential equations expressing the fundamental law of unsteady flow in an open channel were stated about a century ago in the writings of Airy and other great masters of the classical hydrodynamics. However, reference to these equations in modern engineering literature is so infrequent as to justify a brief restatement of their underlying principles as an introduction to the present paper dealing with graphical methods for their integration. The notation to be used is shown in Figures 1 and 2. In the latter consider a lamina of length dx.
Time-Resolved Spectra from Millivolt EELS Data

The millivolt energy resolution now obtainable in electron energy-loss spectra (EELS) on the latest monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope corresponds, via the uncertainty principle, to a time range of 414 fs (for 10 meV resolution), and a time resolution of 0.138 fs (for energy range of 30 eV). (Thus, the width of an EELS peak is inversely related to the lifetime of an excitation.) This compares favorably with the latest X-ray free electron lasers. The time evolution of a Drude-Lorentz oscillator may be obtained from an EELS using logarithmic deconvolution followed by Kramers-Kronig analysis to extract the frequency-dependent dielectric function, and a final Fourier transform from frequency to time domain. This time-dependent dielectric function was interpreted as the impulse response of electrons, phonons, or ions based on the Drude-Lorentz theory. The time evolution of electronic oscillators from ice and protein, extracted from low resolution experimental data, were compared. Using higher energy resolution data we have also extracted the time-resolved spectra from excitons in an alkali halide, BaF2. Despite the small scanning transmission electron microscope probe size, delocalization limits the spatial resolution to about 50 nm, which is, nevertheless, better than the millimeter resolution of infrared absorption spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy.
New Infrared Absorption Bands of Alkali Vapors

We have identified two new infrared absorption bands in potassium vapor. The band between 1.1 and 1.6 \ensuremath{\mu}m is attributed to the ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$ (${^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{\mathrm{u}}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{\mathrm{g}}}^{+}$) transition, the absorption analog of the intense emission continuum of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. The absorption at wavelengths longer than 1.6 \ensuremath{\mu}m is probably due to trimers.
Microwave pyrolysis of biomass

Because of the inherent moisture and large particle size of wood used in the Forest Products Industry, there has been regional interest in exploring the feasibility of processing wood, cellulose, and other such related materials using microwave dielectric-loss heating. A research project was undertaken in the late 1970’s to determine the important variables altering the rate of microwave-induced reactions of this polymeric material. The research presented dates from that period. Reaction proudcts were measured in detail and some optimization of the coupling of the microwave energy to the large particles was studied. Results and principal findings at the time of the study are presented in this paper as well as two papers by the author in the cited literature. Suggestions for future directions for this type of study are also presented.
Comparison of the suppression by naloxone of water intake induced in rats by hyperosmolarity, hypovolemia, and angiotensin

Abstract The effect of naloxone upon water consumption by rats was assessed using two intensities each of IV NaCl (hyperosmolarity), SC polyethylene glycol (hypovolemia), and IV angiotensin II. In each case naloxone produced a dose-related reduction in the amount drunk. Angiotensin-induced drinking was most easily inhibited, and was abolished by only 1 mg/kg naloxone. In contrast, 1 mg/kg naloxone produced only a 50% reduction in NaCl-induced drinking, and hypovolemia-induced drinking was not completely reversed by 5 mg/kg. Naloxone was without effect upon the natriuresis after NaCl, or the hypertension during AII administrations. Parallels are drawn between the effects of naloxone on these types of thirst, and of other perturbations including brain damage and taste adulteration.
Epilogue: On the Organization of Diversity

Abstract Wallace first reviews the issues in cultural anthropology that originally prompted him to direct attention to the importance of individual diversity and the limitations of cognitive sharing. Anthropologists have continued to work with the methodological problems of measuring the extent of sharing and diversity. Meanwhile the word diversity itself has become a buzzword, as concerns over globalization and climate change have mounted. The symposium's papers focus on the compromises between diverse individualities and normative expectations in the course of child development. Wallace welcomes the recognition that broad cultural categories like race, age, gender, and ethnicity fail to mold life choices as forcefully as do the particularities of intimate developmental experiences in family and neighborhood, complementing and extending his original formulations. [culture theory, cognition, diversity, sharing, organization of diversity]
Aziridine as a neighboring group

AZIRIDINE AS A NEIGHBORING GROUP James A. Deyrup and Calvin L. Moyer (1) Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601 (Received in USA 17 October 1968; received in UK for publication 13 November 1968) The enhanced rates with which cyclopropylcarbinyl (I) and cyclobutyl derivatives (II) undergo solvolytic ionization and rearrangement has attracted considerable attention. (2) As a result of extensive and ingeneous experiments, it seems clear that this reactivity is attributable to charge delocalization by these small rings. (3) Our interest in small ring heterocyclic compounds led us to wonder whether nitrogen analogs of I and II would exhibit similar reactivity. We were particularly intrigued by the multiple avenues for assisted ionization potentially available to III. For example, charge stablization might be achieved by ring participation analogous to that proposed for I (but perturbed to some extent by nitrogen). Alternatively, advantage might be taken of the unshared electron pair either directly, as a neighboring group (a), or via resonance stablization of a rearranged cation (b or c).
Differential effects of cisplatin in proximal and distal renal tubule epithelial cell lines

Pathological studies suggest that cisplatin injures different portions of the nephron to different extents. To investigate this issue further, we examined the cytotoxicity and uptake of cisplatin in cell lines derived from S1 and S3 proximal tubule and distal convoluted tubule segments isolated from a mouse carrying the SV40 large T-antigen transgene. S1 cells displayed the highest sensitivity to cisplatin cytotoxicity, followed by S3 and distal convuluted tubule (DCT) cells. These differences in cytotoxicity did not correlate with differences in cisplatin uptake. Cytotoxic concentrations of cisplatin triggered apoptosis in all three cell lines. Although BAX and BCL-2 expression was similar among the three cell lines, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, BCL-XL, was significantly lower in S1 cells than in S3 and DCT cells, and this may have contributed to the heightened sensitivity of S1 cells. Cisplatin transport characteristics demonstrated a saturable component of cisplatin uptake and differences in apparent KM and Vmax values among the three cell lines. The three cell lines were 43- to 176-fold more sensitive to cisplatin than to carboplatin. This distinction between the two drugs could not be fully explained by differences in the uptake rates of carboplatin and cisplatin. We conclude that cells from different portions of the nephron display different sensitivities to cisplatin, different transport characteristics for cisplatin and different levels of expression of BCL-XL. In addition, the relative resistance of renal cells to carboplatin vs cisplatin is mostly due to the differential effects that follow internalization. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign
Room Temperature Dehydrogenation of Ethane, Propane, Linear Alkanes C4–C8, and Some Cyclic Alkanes by Titanium–Carbon Multiple Bonds

The transient titanium neopentylidyne, [(PNP)Ti≡CtBu] (A; PNP–≡N[2-PiPr2-4-methylphenyl]2–), dehydrogenates ethane to ethylene at room temperature over 24 h, by sequential 1,2-CH bond addition and β-hydrogen abstraction to afford [(PNP)Ti(η2-H2C═CH2)(CH2tBu)] (1). Intermediate A can also dehydrogenate propane to propene, albeit not cleanly, as well as linear and volatile alkanes C4–C6 to form isolable α-olefin complexes of the type, [(PNP)Ti(η2-H2C═CHR)(CH2tBu)] (R = CH3 (2), CH2CH3 (3), nPr (4), and nBu (5)). Complexes 1–5 can be independently prepared from [(PNP)Ti═CHtBu(OTf)] and the corresponding alkylating reagents, LiCH2CHR (R = H, CH3(unstable), CH2CH3, nPr, and nBu). Olefin complexes 1 and 3–5 have all been characterized by a diverse array of multinuclear NMR spectroscopic experiments including 1H–31P HOESY, and in the case of the α-olefin adducts 2–5, formation of mixtures of two diastereomers (each with their corresponding pair of enantiomers) has been unequivocally established. The latter has b...
Metapopulation Structure in the Planktonic Diatom Ditylum brightwellii (Bacillariophyceae).

Approximately 200,000 diatom species are thought to exist and yet the underlying processes of speciation in diatoms are unknown. Because genetic subdivision within species can reveal potential speciation mechanisms, we examined genetic differentiation and patterns of gene flow among four populations of the diatom Ditylum brightwellii. Single-cell isolates were examined at two microsatellite markers and two rDNA loci (18S and internal transcribed spacer region I (ITSI)). Among isolates, rDNA sequences varied by 0.08±0.04% (18S) and 0.7±0.3% (ITSI) and there were no compensatory base pair changes in the predicted ITSI secondary structure, all suggesting that a single species was represented. Two numerically dominant ITSI sequence types were detected and their distribution among isolates from genetically distinct populations was significantly different. Two populations shared ITSI sequence type 1 and two shared ITSI sequence type 2, indicating differences in relatedness among populations. The signature of unequal gene flow among populations suggested that D. brightwellii exhibited a metapopulation structure: the species was subdivided into populations of populations. The identification of metapopulations suggests a possible mechanism of speciation through reduced levels of gene flow, providing newly evolved taxa with a large repository of genetic and physiological diversity and perhaps significant adaptive potential.
Counterpart of the Davidson Current

DURING the period of upwelling in the California Current, it has been said that the California and the Humboldt (or Peru) Currents, on opposite sides of the equator, are "mirror images" of each other1 (p. 204). Since upwelling is almost a constant process in the Humboldt Current, the similarity disappears when upwelling ceases in the more northern current during late summer, and is not noticeable until upwelling starts again the following March.
Thirst for Bile in Rats with Bile Fistulæ

SEVERAL of the trace metals are primarily excreted via the bile1. The kinetics of excretion and reabsorption of bile-bound isotopes have been the subject of a study at this Center2,3.
Toward a universal h-p adaptive finite element strategy part 3. design of h-p meshes

Abstract In this third paper in our series, the issue of designing h-p meshes which are optimal in some sense is addressed. Criteria for h-p meshes are derived which are based on the idea of minimizing the estimated error over a mesh with a fixed number of degrees-of-freedom. An optimization algorithm is developed based on these criteria and is applied to several model one-dimensional and two-dimensional elliptic boundary-value problems. Numerical results indicate that the approach can lead to exponential rates-of-convergence.
Trauma Center Finances and Length of Stay: Identifying a Profitability Inflection Point

Background Trauma centers frequently report unfavorable financial results for the care of injured patients. Many variables contribute to these results. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of adult trauma patient hospital length of stay (LOS) to trauma center profitability. Study Design The trauma registry of a Level I trauma center was queried for patients older than 18 years for the period July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2008. Hospital financial records were matched to patient trauma registry data. Results There were 7,990 patients who met selection criteria: 71% were men, mean age was 40 years, mean Injury Severity Score was 12 ±10, 84.2% of injuries were blunt, and mean LOS was 6.23 days. In the 5 years of the study, total charges were $329,315,191, total costs were $137,680,039, and overall profit was $7,644,894. Total costs rose each year and percent collections fell. The bulk of the profit was realized from patients with LOS Conclusions Trauma patient LOS correlates closely with profitability. In this center, the vast majority of profit was realized from patients with LOS
Costs and benefits of enforcing housing policies to prevent childhood lead poisoning

Background. Lead poisoning remains an important, yet entirely preventable disease among young children. This article compares the costs and benefits of strict versus limited enforcement of lead poisoning prevention housing policies in preventing additional cases of childhood blood lead elevation.Methods. The author conducted decision analysis using population-based data that compared recurrence of childhood lead exposure in 2 urban areas with different enforcement capacity, and cost data from a federal project and from medical and public health literature.Results. Strict enforcement prevented additional cases, resulting in $45,360 savings from decreased medical and education costs and increased productivity for protected children. The model was robust to changing estimates of followup, housing repairs, relocation, and increases in lead levels over baseline. No cost savings were realized by strict enforcement if the probability of recurrence in limited units was 44% lower than estimated, or if fewer childr...
“They Always Ask What I'm Doing and Who I'm Talking to”: Parental Mediation of Adolescent Interactive Technology Use

Burgeoning technology provides instant access to information and communication. Responsible adults are concerned about the material accessed by adolescent technology users. From an ecological system's lens, using a mixed-methods design, the current study identified adolescent and parent perceptions of parental mediation of adolescent interactive technology use (i.e., cell phones, Internet). Eighty adolescents (16–18 years of age) and their parents (n = 113) participated in the study that identified generational differences in perceptions of parental mediation, techniques for mediating interactive technology (i.e., monitoring data and usage, active mediation, rules, restriction), and adolescent perceptions of the process of parental mediation. We used the results to propose principles for parental mediation of adolescent interactive technology use and provide directions for future research.
Stability of the collision-proof and related braking laws

This paper discusses three braking control laws: one is the collision-proof law put forth by Schubring, the other two are modifications of this law. The collision-proof law requires that the kinetic energy of a following vehicle never exceeds that of a leading vehicle by more than the amount which can be dissipated in the distance between them. The other two laws assume, in addition, that there is a finite system time delay, and that there is a time delay which is partially compensated for by projecting velocity measurements ahead in time. Stability of control laws is an important criterion for their evaluation. Local stability, the subject of this paper, is the stability of a given vehicle with respect to the position of the lead vehicle in the platoon. It is found that the collision-proof control law is locally stable with respect to small velocity perturbations. The following vehicle approaches its stable platoon position exponentially, the time constant being (µg/u)-1, where µ is the road surface-tire coefficient of friction, g is the acceleration of gravity (=9.807 m/s2), and u is the platoon velocity before disturbance. With the incorporation of a system time delay, Δ, the local stability is dependent upon the parameter C = µgΔ/u. If C π/2 (=1.571) it is unstable. When e-1<C<π/2, the platoon oscillates, but the oscillations are damped.
Effect of quinidine on kidney biochemistry and function in male sprague-dawley rats

Accumulation of the organic anion p-amino hippurate (PAH) and the organic cation tetraethyl ammonium (TEA) was decreased in renal cortical slices incubated with medium containing quinidine. Renal cortical slice oxygen consumption was also decreased. Quinidine reduced respiratory control index (RCI) and ADP/O ratio in isolated kidney cortex mitochondria. The in vitro data suggest that quinidine can alter renal transport and mitochondrial functions. Intraperitoneal administration of quinidine at 75 mg/kg twice a day for four days inhibited PAH and TEA transport in renal cortical slices. Renal cortical slice oxygen consumption was significantly decreased. Mitochondria showed a significant reduction in ADP/O ratio but no effect on RCI. Serum biochemical measurements indicated significantly elevated blood urea nitrogen. The data suggest that quinidine produces adverse renal effects in vitro and at high doses it produces nephrotoxic effects in vivo.
Electronegativities calculated using a modification of Pauling's equation☆

Abstract An equation for calculating the electronegativity of an element is developed from Pauling's relationships between the extra-ionic resonance energy and the electronegativity differences in which the bond energy of a metal-metal single bond need not be known nor any assumptions need be made concerning it. From this relationship the electronegativity of fifty-four elements has been calculated. In addition, electronegativities of different oxidation states of six elements have been calculated. A brief discussion concerning the possibility of alternation of electronegativities in Groups IV B and V B is presented.
Changes in aggregate food demand over the business cycle

The globally flexible Fourier functional form is used to provide estimates of how substitution between types of food varies over time. Estimates of Morishima elasticities of substitution between food and nonfood aggregates often show considerable variability over time, typically during recessions. In contrast, estimates from locally flexible functional forms only provide estimates at a single data point and fail to provide insight into changes in substitution over the sample. Evidence of changes in substitution over time has important policy implications, especially attempts to encourage increased consumption of fruits and vegetables.
DR. M. DARIA HAUST: ENCOMIUM

It has been my honor and privilege to edit this volume of "collected papers" in a Festschrift for Dr. M. Daria Haust. Dr. Haust has had a remarkable career, with her major contributions to medical science in atherosclerosis research and in pediatric pathology.
Intra-Family Equality and Income Distribution: Emerging Conflicts in Public Policy

. Recent social and economic developments have generated opportunities that have been unevenly distributed among wives in husband-wife families. Compared to others, participation rates and incomes, in particular, have been greater for wives in high-income families or those married to high-income earning men. One consequence of these circumstances is that income inequalities between spouses in the better off families have declined. Another is that income inequalities between families are expected to grow. It is suggested that the conflict between the two-inter- and intra-family equality—is a very real one.
Simultaneous analysis of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, methylecgonine, and ecgonine in plasma using an exchange resin and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method is described for the simultaneous analysis of cocaine and the hydrolytic products benzoylecgonine, methylecgonine and ecgonine from plasma (0.25–2 μg/ml). Isopropylecgonine was incorporated as an internal standard. Samples were extracted using a sulfonate cation exchange resin, then derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride and pentafluoropropanol. Analytical separations were on a dimethylsilicone capillary column using a temperature program, and detection was by selected ion monitoring of the electron impact generated fragments m/z 94, 182, 210, and 300.
Estimated eddy diffusivities of momentum and heat of viscoelastic fluids

Abstract The eddy diffusivities of momentum and heat for a viscoelastic fluid are evaluated using detailed experimental pressure drop and heat transfer results. The eddy diffusivities of momentum and heat and the turbulent Prandtl number near the wall region are found to be strong functions of the Weissenberg number (i.e. a dimensionless measure of the fluid elasticity) and weak functions of the Reynolds number. The turbulent Prandtl number, e M e H , remains relatively constant for low values of Weissenberg numbers and increases with increasing elasticity up to a maximum value corresponding to the critical Weissenberg number for heat transfer. The maximum value of the turbulent Prandtl number weakly depends on y+ and the Reynolds number and is found to be of the order of 10.
A kinetic model of the γ → α + Gr eutectoid transformation in spheroidal graphite cast irons

The eutectoid transformation of austenite in spheroidal graphite cast iron can follow one of two paths: (a) transformation to a mixture of ferrite and graphite or (b) transformation to pearlite. The extents to which the two reactions occur determine the relative amounts of ferrite and pearlite in the microstructure and, hence, the properties of the iron. In this paper, the kinetics of the γ → α+ Gr reaction is studied, and a model is developed to predict the isothermal transformation rates. The transformation occurs at a rate determined by the rate of carbon diffusion. The diffusion of carbon through ferrite, as well as through austenite, has been considered. The model predicts that the volume fraction of austenite transformed isothermally increases with increasing number density of graphite spheroids. Predictions of the model are compared with data available in literature.
An evaluation of two approaches to exercise conditioning in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Study objectives To compare the effectiveness of two forms of exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation. Design A prospective, randomized, unblinded, 8-week trial. Setting A hospital-based outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. Patients Forty patients (20 patients in each group) with COPD who were referred for pulmonary rehabilitation. Interventions We compared the short-term effectiveness of a high-intensity, lower-extremity endurance program with a low-intensity, multicomponent calisthenics program for the rehabilitation of patients with COPD. The high-intensity group trained predominately on the stationary bicycle and treadmill, with a goal of exercising at ≥ 80% of maximal level determined from incremental testing for 30 min per session. The low-intensity group performed predominately classroom exercises for approximately 30 min per session. For both groups, twice-weekly sessions were held for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was health status, measured using the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire. Other outcomes included peak oxygen consumption on incremental treadmill exercise testing, exertional dyspnea, treadmill endurance time, the number of sit-to-stand repetitions and arm lifts in 1 min, overall dyspnea, and questionnaire-rated functional status. Measurements and results Both groups showed significant postrehabilitation improvement in exercise variables, exertional and overall dyspnea, functional performance, and health status. Patients in the high-intensity group showed greater increases in treadmill endurance and greater reductions in exertional dyspnea, whereas those in the low-intensity group showed greater increases in arm-endurance testing. Both groups had similar improvements in overall dyspnea, functional performance, and health status. Conclusions Despite differences in exercise performance, both high-intensity, lower-extremity endurance training and low-intensity calisthenics led to similar short-term improvements in questionnaire-rated dyspnea, functional performance, and health status.
Ca2+ current-driven nonlinear amplification by the mammalian cochlea in vitro.

An active process in the inner ear expends energy to enhance the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of hearing. Two mechanisms have been proposed to underlie this process in the mammalian cochlea: receptor potential–based electromotility and Ca2+-driven active hair-bundle motility. To link the phenomenology of the cochlear amplifier with these cellular mechanisms, we developed an in vitro cochlear preparation from Meriones unguiculatus that affords optical access to the sensory epithelium while mimicking its in vivo environment. Acoustic and electrical stimulation elicited microphonic potentials and electrically evoked hair-bundle movement, demonstrating intact forward and reverse mechanotransduction. The mechanical responses of hair bundles from inner hair cells revealed a characteristic resonance and a compressive nonlinearity diagnostic of the active process. Blocking transduction with amiloride abolished nonlinear amplification, whereas eliminating all but the Ca2+ component of the transduction current did not. These results suggest that the Ca2+ current drives the cochlear active process, and they support the hypothesis that active hair-bundle motility underlies cochlear amplification.
Abstract 4314: Dynamin 2 mediates PDGFRα-SHP-2-promoted glioblastoma growth and invasion

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Dynamin 2 (Dyn2), a large GTPase, is involved in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-promoted cell migration. However, molecular mechanisms by which Dyn2 regulates RTK-induced cell migration have not been established. Recently we reported that SHP-2 and PI3K mediate PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]]-promoted glioma tumor growth and invasion. Here, we show that Dyn2 is an effector downstream of the PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]]-PI3K/SHP-2 signaling in glioma cells. Depletion of endogenous Dyn2 by shRNAs inhibited PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]]-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2, Rac1 and Cdc42 activities, glioma cell migration and survival in vitro, tumor growth and invasion in the brains of mice. Dyn2 binds to SHP-2, PI3K and co-localizes with PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]] at the invasive fronts in PDGF-A-stimulated glioma cells. Inhibition of SHP-2 by siRNA knockdown abrogated Dyn2 association with activated PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]] and PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]] activation of Rac1 and Cdc42, glioma cell migration, thereby establishing a link between SHP-2 interaction with Dyn2 and the PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]] signaling. Furthermore, a dominant negative SHP-2 C459S mutant inhibited PDGF-A-stimulated glioma cell migration, phosphorylation of Dyn2 and concomitantly blocked PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]]-induced Src activation. Inhibition of Src by Src inhibitors attenuated PDGF-A-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and Dyn2 and glioma cell migration. Additionally, mutations of binding sites to PI3K, SHP-2 or Src of PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]] impaired PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]]-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and Dyn2, and Dyn2 association with activated PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]]. Taken together, this study identifies Dyn2 as an effector that mediates PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]]-SHP-2-induced glioma tumor growth and invasion, suggesting that targeting the PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font α]]-SHP-2-Dyn2 pathway may be beneficial to patients with malignant glioblastomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4314. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4314
Concurrent Cerebral American Trypanosomiasis and Toxoplasmosis in a Patient with AIDS

We report a case of concurrent cerebral infection with Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A 22-year-old El Salvadoran man initially improved during receipt of antitoxoplasmosis therapy, but he had rapidly progressive hemiplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an abnormal finding in the left internal capsule, and cytological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid revealed T. cruzi trypomastigotes. Despite prompt therapy with nifurtimox, the patient's mental status declined, and he died of nosocomial complications. Although infrequent, T. cruzi infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain lesions in patients with AIDS from regions of endemicity.