cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is the diagnostic threshold for bulimia nervosa clinically meaningful

Abstract The DSM-5 differentiates full- and sub-threshold bulimia nervosa (BN) according to average weekly frequencies of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors. This study was the first to evaluate the modified frequency criterion for BN published in the DSM-5 . The purpose of this study was to test whether community-recruited adults ( N = 125; 83.2% women) with current full-threshold ( n = 77) or sub-threshold BN ( n = 48) differed in comorbid psychopathology and eating disorder (ED) illness duration, symptom severity, and clinical impairment. Participants completed the Clinical Impairment Assessment and participated in semi-structured clinical interviews of ED- and non-ED psychopathology. Differences between the sub- and full-threshold BN groups were assessed using MANOVA and Chi-square analyses. ED illness duration, age-of-onset, body mass index (BMI), alcohol and drug misuse, and the presence of current and lifetime mood or anxiety disorders did not differ between participants with sub- and full-threshold BN. Participants with full-threshold BN had higher levels of clinical impairment and weight concern than those with sub-threshold BN. However, minimal clinically important difference analyses suggested that statistically significant differences between participants with sub- and full-threshold BN on clinical impairment and weight concern were not clinically significant. In conclusion, sub-threshold BN did not differ from full-threshold BN in clinically meaningful ways. Future studies are needed to identify an improved frequency criterion for BN that better distinguishes individuals in ways that will more validly inform prognosis and effective treatment planning for BN.
Blunt Injury of the Bowel and Mesentery

Although not common, blunt bowel and mesenteric trauma requires prompt identification and intervention to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. Developments in MDCT technology especially with 64 and higher slice MDCT have improved image quality for better detection and depiction of bowel and mesenteric injury. Recent reports indicate that administration of oral contrast does not increase diagnostic accuracy, allowing for more rapid door to scan time. Dual-source CT (DS-CT) ability to generate iodine maps and virtual noncontrast images has the potential to increase conspicuity of bowel perfusion abnormalities, better distinguish hypo-perfused from nonperfused bowel, and reveal bowel wall hematoma obscured by mural enhancement. This article will review the current state-of-the-art approach in using direct and indirect MDCT signs of bowel injury in an attempt to differentiate surgical from nonsurgical lesions, and discuss imaging protocols used at our institution for follow-up imaging in nonsurgical lesions. We will also demonstrate the potential utility of DS-CT in blunt bowel injury.
Competing Claims on the Legacies of Renaissance Humanism in Histories of Philology

This paper examines a facet in the long history of Italian Renaissance humanism: how later historians of philology understood Renaissance humanists. These later reconsiderations framed the legacies of Italian Renaissance humanism, at times by asking whether the primary contribution of humanism was philosophical or philological. Philologists–especially from nineteenth-century Germany in the generations before Voigt and Burckhardt–wrote about Renaissance humanists by employing prosopography and bio-bibliographic models. Rather than studying humanists and their works for their own merits, the authors of these histories sought to legitimize their own disciplinary identities by recognizing them as intellectual ancestors. Their writings, in turn, helped lay the foundation for later scholarship on Italian Renaissance humanism and defined, in particular, how later twentieth-century historians of philology and scholarship understood the Italian Renaissance.
Public Affairs Education for a New Generation

(2016). Public Affairs Education for a New Generation. Journal of Public Affairs Education: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 7-10.
Abundance/Density Case Study: Jaguars in the Americas

Since camera traps were first used to estimate the density of tiger Panthera tigris populations in India (Karanth 1995; see also Karanth et al. this volume), this methodology has been widely used to study a variety of species: leopards Panthera pardus (Henschel and Ray 2003; Karanth et al. this volume; Kostyria et al. 2003), snow leopards Panthera uncia (Jackson et al. 2006), pumas Puma concolor (Kelly et al. 2008), ocelots Leopardus pardalis (Di Bitetti et al. 2006, 2008; Dillon and Kelly 2007, 2008; Maffei et al. 2005; Trolle and Kery 2003, 2005), and Geoffroy’s cats Oncifelis geoffroyi (Cuellar et al. 2006; Pereira et al. 2006). However, jaguars Panthera onca have probably received the most attention with respect to using camera traps to estimate the abundance and density of populations that cover the species’ entire Neotropical range (Cullen et al. 2005; Kelly 2003; Maffei et al. 2004b; Miller and Miller 2005; Silver et al. 2004; Soisalo and Cavalcanti 2006). To date, at least 83 different camera trapping efforts have been carried out to survey jaguars, from southern Arizona in the north to northern Argentina in the south. In this chapter, we describe the details of this methodology – summarizing information on survey design and methodologies, results, data manipulation and analyses – and discuss how future surveys can be refined to allow for more robust inferences.
Effect of Non-Structural Organics and Inorganics Constituents of Switchgrass During Pyrolysis

Nonstructural components, such as inorganics and organic extractives, present in switchgrass were extracted using water and ethanol, and the resulting nonstructural components-free materials were pyrolyzed to investigate the effect of the inorganic species on the pyrolytic products. The extraction was performed for switchgrass materials harvested from three consecutive growing seasons, removing 8.5 wt% of the organic extractives in the first season biomass, and 5.8 and 6.3 wt% in the second and third season, respectively, on total dry basis of biomass. In addition to organic extractives, 0.7 to 2.7 wt% of ash were extracted. Specifically, 99 % and 59 % of total K and Mg were removed from the switchgrass harvested in the second and third growing season. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that a predominant reduction of K and Mg content in the biomass increased temperature at which mass loss rate is maximized in the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The reduction of K and Mg content also affected pyrolytic products generated at 450 oC. The chromatographic peak area percentage of levoglucosan from the extracted samples in the second and third growing season was two to three times higher than that from the extracted samples in the first growing season, showing a strong negative correlation with K and Mg content, whereas most of the light oxygenated and furanic/pyranic/cyclopentanic products exhibited a strong positive correlation with K and Mg content. We concluded that the removal of nonstructural components prior to thermochemical conversion processes such pyrolysis can potentially produce a valuable extractives stream while removing catalytic inorganics that negatively impact downstream pyrolysis process.
Experimental study of continuous-bending-under-tension of AA6022-T4

Abstract This paper presents an experimental setup for continuous-bending-under-tension (CBT) of thin strips and sheets, aimed at the investigation of the observed elongation-to-fracture (ETF) enhancements under such conditions. In particular, the kinematics of the process are described and correlated with the evolution of axial force measured during testing. The main results of the effect of process parameters, such as crosshead velocity and bending depth, on the ETF and the reduction of axial force are presented for the aluminum alloy AA6022-T4. The force vs. displacement response is not found to be a strong function of the crosshead velocity, which is explained by the near rate-independence of the material in the strain-rate range that occurs in CBT. Similarly, ETF does not show a clear dependence on the bending depth or the crosshead velocity. On the other hand, the axial force decreases linearly with the bending depth and slightly increases with the velocity. From the detailed analysis, the optimal parameters for enhancing ductility of AA6022-T4 under CBT are 1.2 mm/s for crosshead velocity and 2.0 for normalized bending depth. Under these conditions, a significant finding is that the strain level achieved throughout the CBT specimen is comparable to that in the necked region of a specimen tested to rupture in uniaxial tension.
Synthesis of Photocatalytic Biomimetic Nanocomposite for Enhanced Water Purification

Abstract Clean and drinkable water is a critical necessity for all human and economic developments; unfortunately, millions of people do not have access to potable water, resulting in the death of over two million children every year. Over the past decade, emphasis has been placed on the synthesis and design of photocatalytic nanocomposites to enhance the chemical degradation of organic pollutants as a cost effective vehicle for clean water production. This work develops a biomimetic cellulose-based nanocomposite media, which utilizes visible light to degrade organic pollutants through photo-redox reactions. More specifically, surface modified nanoparticles (through noble metal deposition and dye functionalization) were synthesized to increase the photon capture efficiency in the visible light region of the resultant nanocomposite. Both dye sensitization and noble metal deposition showed a substantial increase in the amount of degraded model pollutant (~75%) when compared to unmodified TiO2 nanoparticles. In addition to increasing the photochemical degradation rate, the incorporation of Ag-functionalized nanocomposites resulted in a synergistic antimicrobial effect, which eliminated both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from the water sample. Keywords: Water filtration, antimicrobial, biomimetic, wastewater, nanocomposite Cite this Article Jeromy J. Rech, Samantha J. Rinehart, Jacob Murray, Elizabeth Senese, James Rago, Jason J. Keleher. Synthesis of Photocatalytic Biomimetic Nanocomposite for Enhanced Water Purification. Journal of Water Pollution & Purification Research. 2016; 3(2): 1–16p.
Scaling modeling and simulation on high-performance computing clusters:

Large-scale modeling and simulation (M&S) applications that do not require run-time inter-process communications can exhibit scaling problems when migrated to high-performance computing (HPC) clust...
From Maoism to littérature-monde: Michel Le Bris and the Breton origins of world literature in French:

Since the publication of the 2007 manifesto ‘Pour une litterature-monde en francais’, scholars have questioned whether or not the initially inflammatory concept of litterature-monde has produced a ...
Cody Complex foragers and their use of grooved abraders in Great Plains and Rocky Mountains of North America

Comparison of Late Paleoindian sites of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains reveals 36 site components from 28 sites containing ground stone tools, including nine Cody Complex examples. Much of th...
U.S. county level analysis to determine If social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the effectiveness of social distancing in the United States (U S ) Methods A novel cell-phone ping data was used to quantify the measures of social distancing by all U S counties Results Using a difference-in-difference approach results show that social distancing has been effective in slowing the spread of COVID-19 Conclusions As policymakers face the very difficult question of the necessity and effectiveness of social distancing across the U S , counties where the policies have been imposed have effectively increased social distancing and have seen slowing the spread of COVID-19 These results might help policymakers to make the public understand the risks and benefits of the lockdown RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la efectividad del distanciamiento social en los Estados Unidos Metodos Se empleo un metodo novedoso de contacto con telefonos celulares (ping) para cuantificar las medidas de distanciamiento social de todos los condados de EE UU Resultados Usando un enfoque de diferencia en diferencias los resultados indicaron que el distanciamiento social ha sido efectivo para reducir la propagacion de la COVID-19 Conclusiones A medida que los responsables de la formulacion de politicas se enfrentan a la muy dificil cuestion de la necesidad y la eficacia del distanciamiento social en Estados Unidos, los condados en los que se han impuesto las politicas han aumentado efectivamente el distanciamiento social y en ellos se ha enlentecido la propagacion de la COVID-19 Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los responsables de las politicas a hacer comprender a la poblacion los riesgos y beneficios de las restricciones
Review: In patients having PCI, high-dose clopidogrel reduces major cardiac events vs standard-dose clopidogrel

Source Citation Ma W, Liang Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Wang X. Meta-analysis appraising high maintenance dose clopidogrel in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with and without high o...
A community evaluation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for children with prenatal substance exposure

Abstract Children with prenatal substance exposure (PSE) often have behavior problems, but few studies have demonstrated that behavior therapy can be effective for these children. The current study evaluated the efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for improving behavior problems in a sample of 116 children with PSE using archival data from a Midwestern PCIT clinic. Analyses included mean comparisons of pre- and post-treatment measures of child and parent behavior, prediction of drop-out from treatment, and evaluation of the potential complicating effects of PSE on treatment response. Results indicate that treatment effects of PCIT for children with PSE appear similar to the outcomes observed elsewhere in the PCIT literature. There was no indication that maternal polysubstance use alters child response to treatment. Attrition was high, but similar to other community trials of PCIT. The current study lends support to the use of PCIT for children with PSE who have behavior problems.
Safe functional systems through integrity types and verified assembly

Abstract Building a trustworthy life-critical embedded system requires deep reasoning about the potential effects that sequences of machine instructions can have on full system operation. Rather than trying to analyze complete binaries and the countless ways their instructions can interact with one another — memory, side effects, control registers, implicit state, etc. — we explore a new approach. We propose an architecture controlled by a thin computational layer designed to tightly correspond with the lambda calculus, drawing on principles of functional programming to bring the assembly much closer to myriad reasoning frameworks, such as the Coq proof assistant. This approach allows assembly-level verified versions of critical code to operate safely in tandem with arbitrary code, including imperative and unverified system components, without the need for large supporting trusted computing bases. We demonstrate that this computational layer can be built in such a way as to simultaneously provide full programmability and compact, precise, and complete semantics, while still using hardware resources comparable to normal embedded systems. To demonstrate the practicality of this approach, our FPGA-implemented prototype runs an embedded medical application which monitors and treats life-threatening arrhythmias. Though the system integrates untrusted and imperative components, our architecture allows for the formal verification of multiple properties of the end-to-end system. We present a proof of correctness of the assembly-level implementation of the core algorithm in Coq, the integrity of trusted data via a non-interference proof, and a guarantee that our prototype meets critical timing requirements.
How Should AI Interpret Rules? A Defense of Minimally Defeasible Interpretive Argumentation

Can artificially intelligent systems follow rules? The answer might seem an obvious `yes', in the sense that all (current) AI strictly acts in accordance with programming code constructed from highly formalized and well-defined rulesets. But here I refer to the kinds of rules expressed in human language that are the basis of laws, regulations, codes of conduct, ethical guidelines, and so on. The ability to follow such rules, and to reason about them, is not nearly as clear-cut as it seems on first analysis. Real-world rules are unavoidably rife with open-textured terms, which imbue rules with a possibly infinite set of possible interpretations. Narrowing down this set requires a complex reasoning process that is not yet within the scope of contemporary AI. This poses a serious problem for autonomous AI: If one cannot reason about open-textured terms, then one cannot reason about (or in accordance with) real-world rules. And if one cannot reason about real-world rules, then one cannot: follow human laws, comply with regulations, act in accordance with written agreements, or even obey mission-specific commands that are anything more than trivial. But before tackling these problems, we must first answer a more fundamental question: Given an open-textured rule, what is its correct interpretation? Or more precisely: How should our artificially intelligent systems determine which interpretation to consider correct? In this essay, I defend the following answer: Rule-following AI should act in accordance with the interpretation best supported by minimally defeasible interpretive arguments (MDIA).
Coal and biomass char reactivities in gasification and combustion environments

Abstract Mass loss data obtained in gasification and combustion tests in a thermogravimetric analyzer were used to adjust parameters in an intrinsic chemical reactivity model developed to predict char conversion rates and off-gas compositions when pulverized coal and biomass char particles are exposed to reactive gases. Char reactivity tests were performed in H2O/H2/N2 environments in order to obtain data to determine kinetic parameters for char intrinsic reactivity to H2O, in CO2/CO/N2 environments in order to obtain data to determine kinetic parameters for char intrinsic reactivity to CO2, and in O2/N2 environments in order to obtain data to determine kinetic parameters for char intrinsic reactivity to O2. Wyodak coal and corn stover chars produced at high heating rates were used in the reactivity tests, which were performed under kinetics-controlled conditions. Values determined for the heats of formation and absolute entropies of species adsorbed onto the carbonaceous surfaces as well as the values determined for activation energies of reaction rate coefficients are in the expected ranges for the type reaction considered. The reaction mechanism correctly describes the impact of temperature, H2O, CO2 and O2 mole fractions, and total pressure on the conversion rates of coal and biomass chars and it captures the inhibiting effects of H2 and CO on char reactivities to H2O and CO2 over the ranges of temperature, pressure and gas composition relevant to coal and biomass gasifiers and combustors. The heterogeneous reaction mechanism developed accurately predicts the effects of heterogeneous reaction in gasification and combustion environments, including oxy-combustion environments.
Quality of Big Data in health care

Purpose – The current trend in Big Data analytics and in particular health information technology is toward building sophisticated models, methods and tools for business, operational and clinical intelligence. However, the critical issue of data quality required for these models is not getting the attention it deserves. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the issues of data quality in the context of Big Data health care analytics. Design/methodology/approach – The insights presented in this paper are the results of analytics work that was done in different organizations on a variety of health data sets. The data sets include Medicare and Medicaid claims, provider enrollment data sets from both public and private sources, electronic health records from regional health centers accessed through partnerships with health care claims processing entities under health privacy protected guidelines. Findings – Assessment of data quality in health care has to consider: first, the entire lifecycle of health dat...
Task-decomposition via plan parsing

Task-decomposition planners make use of schemata that define tasks in terms of partially ordered sets of tasks and primitive actions. Most existing task-decomposition planners synthesize plans via a top-down approach, called task reduction, which uses schemata to replace tasks with networks of tasks and actions until only actions remain. In this paper we present a bottom-up plan parsing approach to task-decomposition. Instead of reducing tasks into actions, we use an incremental parsing algorithm to recognize which partial primitive plans match the schemata. In essence, our approach exploits the observation that schemata are a convenient means for reducing search. We compile the schemata into a declarative search control language (like that used in machine learning research), which rejects plan refinements that cannot be parsed. We demonstrate that neither parsing nor reduction dominates the other on efficiency grounds and provide preliminary empirical results comparing the two. We note that our parsing approach allows convenient comparison (and combination) of different search control technologies, generates minimal plans, and handles expressive languages (e.g., universal quantification and conditional effects) with ease.
GAs: Why Do They Work?

The theoretical foundations of genetic algorithms rely on a binary string representation of solutions, and on the notion of a schema (see e.g., [142]) — a template allowing exploration of similarities among chromosomes. A schema is built by introducing a don’t care symbol (*) into the alphabet of genes. A schema represents all strings (a hyperplane, or subset of the search space), which match it on all positions other than ‘*’.
Sixth Circuit Classifies Computer Source Code as Protected Speech: Junger V. Daley, 209 F.3d 481 (6th Cir. 2000)

Increasingly pervasive and important digital technologies, because of their technical intricacy, resist easy categorization in existing legal doctrine. Whether computer source code qualifies as protected speech under the First Amendment turns on the source code's expressive and functional qualities. In April 2000, in Junger v. Daley, the Sixth Circuit held that all source code is First Amendment speech because of its expressiveness in conveying ideas about computer programming. The Sixth Circuit's classification of all source code as speech undesirably diverged from Supreme Court precedent. A more faithful analysis would instead have concluded that not all source code is speech under Spence v. Washington's test for symbolic conduct.
CHAOS IN ATOMIC PHYSICS

Since 1974 Bayfield and Koch have been studying the microwave ionization of highly excited hydrogen atoms. Until recently, their remarkable measurements of ionization which depends strongly on the microwave intensity and relatively weakly on the frequency has defied quantum analysis. However, the threshold fields for significant ionization are well described by the onset of chaos in a purely classical model of the bound electron in an oscillating electric field. I will describe the manifestations of the effects of classical chaos in the ionization of these quantum systems and I will review recent progress in the understanding of the quantum mechanisms which account for this chaotic ionization.
Study of the Moraxella Group I. Genus Moraxella and the Neisseria catarrhalis Group

A number of strains of oxidase-positive moraxellas and of neisserias related to Neisseria catarrhalis were characterized with respect to a number of nutritional and physiological properties and could be assigned to several species or species groups on the basis of their phenotypic traits. This grouping was consistent with that established by Bovre on the basis of transformation frequencies for streptomycin resistance. It is proposed to reserve the generic name Moraxella for the oxidase-positive rodshaped organisms, and a redescription of the genus is offered. Following the recent taxonomic proposals of Bovre and Henriksen, the specific name Moraxella osloensis is applied to the nutritionally unexacting strains that accumulate poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate as carbon reserve. The nutritionally exacting strains are assigned to three distinct groups which can be regarded as separate species or as varieties of M. lacunata. The epithets applicable to these groups appear to be lacunata, nonliquefaciens, and bovis. The "false neisserias" could be assigned to at least three subgroups, one of which constitutes the clearly defined entity, N. catarrhalis, which could be distinguished from N. caviae and N. ovis.
Digital multimedia at home and content rights management

To protect artists' and content providers' rights, it is desirable to have an optimized intellectual property management (IPM) system that allows content owners to specify access conditions. In other words, having created a content or having searched, selected and located an item of content in a networked system, content rights management (CRM) will ensure and protect content rights and revenues once the content is acquired by home appliances. Rights owners want to be confident that digitally bit-perfect content captured onto local storage is not subject to abuse and consequent loss of revenues. Yet, this kind of service can only be widely accepted if it doesn't restrict or prohibit fair uses. This paper intends to address this problem, summarize the state-of-art technologies, and raise some questions for further work directions.
The size of turbulent eddies close to a wall

Coherent flow-oriented structures, with a dimensionless spacing of λ+ ≈ 100, observed close to a wall in turbulent flows are believed to control the production of turbulence. A 2 1/2 D computer model developed by Nikolaides is used to explain the dimensionless spacing of these structures. The calculations suggest that the net production of turbulence in the viscous wall region is sensitive to changes in λ+ in the neighborhood of λ+ ≈ 100. They indicate that the net production is negative for λ+ < 85 and that for λ+ = 93 the net production is large enough to supply the turbulent energy dissipated in the outer flow.
Electric field effect on chlorophyll fluorescence and its relation to Photosystem II charge separation reactions studied by a salt-jump technique

Abstract Across the thylakoid membrane of spinach chloroplasts a diffusion potential was created by rapid changes in the KCl concentration (salt-jumps) employing a flow and mixing technique. The analysis of salt-induced electrochromic absorbance changes indicates that under appropriate experimental conditions the salt-jump technique facititates the establishment of a well-defined thylakoid voltage. This approach appears to be well suited for quantitative studies of electric field effects on thylakoid reactions. In the open reaction center state, for positive salt-induced thylakoid voltages (positive at the lumenal side) the fluorescence yield of spinach thylakoids increases; for negative voltages it decreases. A linear relation between fluorescence yield and thylakoid voltage is observed in the range from −70 mV to +165 mV, characterized by a change of the fluorescence yield by 9% (± 2%) per 100 mV. Analysis of the fluorescence emission spectra reveals that the electric field effect (i) does not originate from a Stark shift of the emission spectrum and (ii) reflects an influence on the Photosystem II (PS II) fluorescence. With increasing degree of PS II trap-closure, the extent of the electric field effect decreases, and in the closed reaction center state no effect is detectable. The trap-closure sensitivity suggests that the electric field effect on the fluorescence yield originates from an electric field dependence of the PS II charge separation/recombination reactions. We propose that the observed fluorescence yield-thylakoid voltage relation reflects the free energy dependence of the rate constants of the PS II charge transfer reactions.
On a random graph with immigrating vertices: emergence of the giant component

Author(s): Aldous, DJ; Pittel, B | Abstract: A randomly evolving graph, with vertices immigrating at rate n and each possible edge appearing at rate 1/n, is studied. The detailed picture of emergence of giant components with O(n2/3) vertices is shown to be the same as in the Erdos-Renyi graph process with the number of vertices fixed at n at the start. A major difference is that now the transition occurs about a time t = π/2, rather than t = 1. The proof has three ingredients. The size of the largest component in the subcritical phase is bounded by comparison with a certain multitype branching process. With this bound at hand, the growth of the sum-of-squares and sum-of-cubes of component sizes is shown, via martingale methods, to follow closely a solution of the Smoluchowsky-type equations. The approximation allows us to apply results of Aldous [Brownian excursions, critical random graphs and the multiplicative coalescent, Ann Probab 25 (1997), 812-854] on emergence of giant components in the multiplicative coalescent, i.e., a nonuniform random graph process. © 2000 John Wiley a Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 17, 79-102, 2000.
Experimental studies on the effect of overload on fatigue crack growth

The fatigue crack growth behavior resulting from a single overload is investigated. In order to clarify the mechanism of overload on fatigue crack growth, the processes of crack closure and opening and their stress levels are monitored by strain gages placed on the back surface of specimens, and the fracture surface morphologies are examined by the microfractography. Experimental results may be used to explain quantitatively the mechanisms of retardation and delayed retardation after a single overload.
Segment Protection Algorithm with Load Balancing for Multicasting WDM Mesh Networks

This paper studies the survivability in multicasting WDM mesh optical networks and proposes a new heuristic called segment protection with load balancing (SPLB) to address the single-link failure. Compared with the conventional algorithm, SPLB can perform better performances. Simulation results are shown to be promising.
The Li–Yorke theorem and infinite discontinuities

Abstract An unbounded mapping of the half-line which has no 3-cycles is continuously extended to the one-point compactification of the set of nonnegative real numbers. The extension is shown to have a 3-cycle so that the Li–Yorke theorem may be applied to the extension to efficiently obtain a scrambled set that is then relativized to the original domain. More generally, this approach may invoke other known chaos theorems and can be applied to various types of mappings with infinite discontinuities.
The Deep Space 1 Mission: Flight Validation of New Technology

On September 22 2001 NASA’s Deep Space 1 (DS1) spacecraft passed 2171 km from the nucleus of comet 19P/Borrelly. DS1, the first mission in NASA’s New Millennium Program (NMP), was also the first mission to use solar electric propulsion (SEP) as primary propulsion. In addition, it was NASA’s first spacecraft with both an imaging system and a plasma mass spectrometer to encounter a comet The primary focus of the NMP is to identify and flight validate new, advanced technologies that hold great promise for revolutionizing observations from earth orbit or in deep space. Such technologies, despite being technically mature, have not been demonstrated in space and hence are perceived to present a fairly high risk to missions that propose to use them for the first time. In order to help reduce the costs and risks to future missions that use these technologies, NMP oversees a series of dedicated “technology validation” missions into deep space and around Earth to validate these technologies and prove that they perform as intended in space. Since DS1 there have been four completed follow-on NMP validation activities (DS2, Earth Observing I, Space Technology 5 (ST5), and ST 6 Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment) and four more are under development (ST 6 Inertial Stellar Compass, ST7 Disturbance Reduction System, ST8 and five concepts in Phase A for ST9). NMP projects can be either stand alone missions or payloads on other earth orbiting or deep space missions. The DS1 payload contained a set of technologies that were successfully validated in the first phase of the mission. The principal, or project defining technology validated on DS1 was SEP. The SEP primary propulsion system on DS1 ionized xenon gas in a thrust
Remote Advanced Supervision and Diagnostics of Robotized Welding Cell

Welding equipment and other components included in the robotized or automated welding station are now usually equipped with advanced control. It not only enables effective exchange of the information between components of the system, but also allows to implement a very efficient hardware and software diagnostic tools, which is not commonly utilized, especially in smaller installations. The use of communication controllers and devices connected to the global network shall enable the realization of such monitoring in remote mode and with the use of modern ICT solutions the effectiveness of such monitoring will be greatly increased. Device operators and technologists will gain the ability to monitor remotely the status of these devices as well as the processes even in the real time [. This article presents a practical solution of implementing remote monitoring to the welding installation with the use of WEB2.0 services.
Direct effects of androgens on lateral hypothalamic neuronal activity in the male rat: I. A microiontophoretic study.

Abstract Unit neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamic-medial forebrain bundle region (LHA-MFB) of the male rat is modified following an increase of plasma testosterone level. In order to determine possible direct action of hormones on LHA-MFB neurons, unit discharge frequencies were recorded during local microiontophoresis of testosterone and estradiol and electroosmotic application of cholesterol. Thirteen cells did not respond, 9 were nonspecifically depressed by all the steroids tested, 13 were excited by both sex-steroids and 11 were specifically activated by testosterone. The short latencies of the responses suggest a direct effect of steroids on the plasma membrane sites.
Partial Nephrectomy for the Treatment of Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with partial nephrectomy. Patients and Methods Our institutional review board-approved renal mass registry was queried for patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for a pathologically confirmed translocation RCC. We describe the demographic, clinical, pathological, and follow-up data for this series of patients. Results Between 2003 and 2013, 1897 patients with RCC were treated at our institution with a radical or partial nephrectomy. In total, 10 (0.5%) patients were diagnosed with a translocation RCC. Of these patients, 4 (40%) underwent treatment with partial nephrectomy for an incidentally detected small renal mass (mean imaging diameter, 2.6 cm [range, 1.0-4.2 cm]). During a mean follow-up of 37 months (range, 8-81 months), all patients were alive without evidence of disease. Conclusion At short-term follow-up, partial nephrectomy appears to be an effective treatment option for patients with small translocation RCCs. Larger studies are required to more extensively investigate the optimal treatment of these potentially aggressive tumors.
Institutions and the Adoption of Electronic Commerce in Mexico

This paper identifies factors affecting the implementation of electronic commerce in Mexico and the solutions that companies have developed. Using theories of institutional economics and the resource-based theory of the firm as a framework of analysis, this paper focuses on the rules of behavior that have prevailed in Mexican business transactions and are likely to affect the adoption of electronic commerce. The paper covers infrastructure, supply, and demand factors. It concludes that even though the economic conditions are improving it will be some time before people change their behavior to embrace electronic commerce more widely.
Both bone marrow-derived and non-bone marrow-derived cells contribute to AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a MyD88-dependent manner in dietary steatohepatitis

Background & Aims Inflammation promotes the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR9 activation through myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and production of mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β) via inflammasome activation contribute to steatohepatitis. Here, we investigated the inter-relationship between TLR signalling and inflammasome activation in dietary steatohepatitis.
The effects of manipulative variables on the color of ceramic metal restorations

Certain variables were tested for their influence on the color of ceramic metal restorations. The variables included firing temperature, condensation technique, modeling liquid, and brand of porcelain. In addition, the color of different nominal shades was compared. The color was measured with a Minolta CR-121 small-area colorimeter. The small (7 mm2) measuring area enabled readings to be made on actual crown specimens rather than disks. The results were expressed in the CIELAB color system enabling comparisons to be made related to visual perception. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study. 1. The small-area colorimeter is able to detect statistically significant and perceivable color differences between shades of porcelain. The variation in color parameters associated with making replications of a restoration is significantly greater than the error associated with making repeated color measurements of the same restoration. 2. Restorations made with the different brands of porcelain studied have noticeably different colors despite having the same nominal shade. 3. Color changes caused by the choice of modeling liquid were not statistically significant in this study. If the mean color differences are truly representative, using Rainbow or Carv-eze modeling liquids with Vita VMK porcelain may produce color changes that are just barely detectable. 4. The manipulative variables of firing temperature and condensation have little influence on the color of the restorations.
Spain and Central America: Democracy and Foreign Policy

Preface Introduction The Democratic Market Spain and Latin America: Democratic Models and the Search Groping for Theory: The Spanish Democratic Model as an International Metaphor Packaging the Model Reconnoitering the Target Democracy's Moving Target: Central American Prospects and the Strategic Dimension The Push Outward Testing the International Waters Democratic Transition, Spanish Policy and the Crisis in Central America Socialist Policy in Central America: Parameters and Constraints Desperately Seeking Social Democracy: The Conduct of Socialist Policy in Central America Conclusion: 1992 and All That Selected Bibliography Index
Triacylglyceride (TAG) profiles of integumentary lipids isolated from three bat species determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)

Lipids secreted from sebaceous glands in bat integument may play a role in determining host pathogenicity by the fungus Geomyces destructans in white-nose syndrome (WNS). To investigate this, we have determined the triacylgly- cerol (TAG) profiles for three bat species: eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis (Muller, 1776)), evening bats (Nycticeius hu- meralis (Rafinesque, 1818)), and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois, 1796)). Neutral lipids extracted from the hair and wing tissue were fractionated by preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into four major lipid bands corresponding to cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFAs), TAGs, and sterol-wax esters. Densitometry showed higher proportions of TAGs in hair than from wing tissue. TAG bands were recovered and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of- flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Mass spectra showed sodiated TAG species with variable fatty acyl (FA) moi- eties range from m/z 715.6-911.8. High intensity ion peaks were consistent with 16:0 and 18:1 as dominant FA moieties, and these were identified as palmitic and oleic acids, respectively, by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We determined significant differences in TAG profiles between three bat species by MALDI-TOF MS, pro- viding the first description of integumentary lipids in bats. In this study, we performed the first TAG profiling of bats, which suggest such profiles may be species-specific in bats.
Characterization of newly established colorectal cancer cell lines: correlation between cytogenetic abnormalities and allelic deletions associated with multistep tumorigenesis

We have established a series of 20 colorectal cancer cell lines and performed cytogenetic and RFLP analyses to show that the recurrent genetic abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 5, 17 and 18 associated with multistep tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer, and frequently detected as recurrent abnormalities in primary tumours, are also retained in long-term established cell lines. Earlier studies by us and other investigators showed that allelic losses of chromosomes 1 and 17 in primary colorectal cancers predicted poorer survival for the patients (P = 0.03). We utilized the cell lines to identify specific chromosomal sites or gene(s) on chromosomes 1 and 17 which confer more aggressive phenotype. Cytogenetic deletions of chromosome 1p were detected in 14 out of the 20 (70%) cell lines, whereas allelic deletions for 1p using polymorphic markers were detected in 13 out of 18 (72%) informative cell lines for at least one polymorphic marker. We have performed Northern blotting, immunohistochemical staining (p53 mRNA, protein) and RFLP analysis using several probes including p53 and nm23. RFLP analysis using a total of seven polymorphic markers located on 17p and 17q arms showed allelic losses aroundthe p53 locus in 16 out of the 20 cell lines (80%), four of which were losses of thep53 locus itself. In addition, seven cell lines (out of nine informative cases) also showed losses of thenm23 gene, four with concurrent losses of thep53 locus, while the remaining three were homozygous. In addition, five out of seven cell lines withnm23 deletions were derived from hepatic metastatic tumours, and one cell line was obtained from recurrent tumour. A comparison between allelic deletions of 1p and functional loss ofnm23 gene revealed a close association between these two events in cell lines derived from hepatic metastasis. Following immunohistochemical staining, nine out of the twenty cell lines showed high levels (25–80%) of mutant p53, four showed intermediate levels (>20%), and seven had undetectable levels of the protein. Of these seven, four showed complete absence of mRNA. Of the remaining three cell lines one showed aberrant mRNA due to germline rearrangement of thep53 gene, whereas in two cell lines normal levels of mRNA were present. Nineteen of the 20 cell lines had normal germline configurations for thep53 gene, while one showed a rearrangement. These data suggest that functional loss ofp53 andnm23 genes accomplished by a variety of mechanisms may be associated with poor prognosis and survival. In addition, concurrent deletions of chromosome regions 17p, 17q and 1p were closely associated with high-stage hepatic metastatic disease. These cell lines with well-characterized genetic alterations and known clinical history provide an invaluable source of material for various biological and clinical studies relating to multistep colorectal tumorigenesis.
Determination of peptide conformation via vibrational coupling: Application to diastereoisomeric alanyl dipeptides

Solution-phase Raman spectra of diastereomeric alanyl dipeptides, D-Ala-L-Ala and L-Ala-L-Ala, and various mono- and dideuterated isotopomers in H2O and D2O, are reported. Spectral differences between the diastereomeric forms are interpreted, using the Raman analog of the coupled oscillator model, in terms of geometric differences between certain vibrations in the diastereomeric forms. Application of the coupled-oscillator formalism allows the determination of a dihedral angle between the coupling vibrations. The results are compared with vibrational coupling employed by other workers in the determination of the vibrational spectra of peptides.
Laptops in the humanities: Classroom walls come tumbling down

This chapter describes successful assignments that made creative use of laptops in writing, literature, and public speaking courses. Some activities moved the session out of the classroom to outdoor locations.
Monte Carlo and bootstrap testing of demand homogeneity

Abstract To test for homogeneity of demand, a Monte Carlo test is formulated and it is extended to a bootstrap version.
Assessment of genetic diversity among barley cultivars and breeding lines adapted to the US Pacific Northwest, and its implications in breeding barley for imidazolinone-resistance.

Extensive application of imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides had a significant impact on barley productivity contributing to a continuous decline in its acreage over the last two decades. A possible solution to this problem is to transfer IMI-resistance from a recently characterized mutation in the ‘Bob’ barley AHAS (acetohydroxy acid synthase) gene to other food, feed and malting barley cultivars. We focused our efforts on transferring IMI-resistance to barley varieties adapted to the US Pacific Northwest (PNW), since it comprises ~23% (335,000 ha) of the US agricultural land under barley production. To effectively breed for IMI-resistance, we studied the genetic diversity among 13 two-rowed spring barley cultivars/breeding-lines from the PNW using 61 microsatellite markers, and selected six barley genotypes that showed medium to high genetic dissimilarity with the ‘Bob’ AHAS mutant. The six selected genotypes were used to make 29–53 crosses with the AHAS mutant and a range of 358–471 F1 seeds were obtained. To make informed selection for the recovery of the recipient parent genome, the genetic location of the AHAS gene was determined and its genetic nature assessed. Large F2 populations ranging in size from 2158–2846 individuals were evaluated for herbicide resistance and seedling vigor. Based on the results, F3 lines from the six most vigorous F2 genotypes per cross combination were evaluated for their genetic background. A range of 20%–90% recovery of the recipient parent genome for the carrier chromosome was observed. An effort was made to determine the critical dose of herbicide to distinguish between heterozygotes and homozygotes for the mutant allele. Results suggested that the mutant can survive up to the 10× field recommended dose of herbicide, and the 8× and 10× herbicide doses can distinguish between the two AHAS mutant genotypes. Finally, implications of this research in sustaining barley productivity in the PNW are discussed.