cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
322 Formal Demonstration of Glucocorticoid-Dependent Fetal Lung SPC Synthesis

Fetal lung explants develop the capacity to actively synthesize saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) in the presence of culture medium fortified with serum. The following criteria were set up to test whether this process is glucocorticoid(GC)-dependent: 1) GC must promote active SPC synthesis; 2) antiGC must inhibit active SPC synthesis; 3) in the absence of GC active SPC synthesis will not occur, but activity can be restored by adding GC. Day 19 fetal rabbit lung explants were cultured under the following conditions: Waymouth's medium and 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) or 10% stripped FCS(FCS-) plus cortisol(GC) or cortexolone (antiGC) for 9 days. SPC synthesis was quantified by measuring the rate of 3H-choline incorporated into 3H-SPC. Therefore 1)both serumGC(a) and cortisol (b) support active SPC synthesis; 2)serum GC is inhibited by antiGC(c);3)in the absence of GC(d) active SPC synthesis does not occur, but can be stimulated by cortisol(e). Therefore the fetal lung is dependent on GC for development of active SPC production. This study supported by NIH Grant #HL28315.
Immunocytochemical distribution of N-acetylaspartylglutamate in the rat forebrain and glutamatergic pathways.

Abstract N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is an acidic dipeptide found in high concentration throughout the rat central nervous system. NAAG has been proposed as a neurotransmitter/modulator in some excitatory glutamatergic pathways where it is released by a Ca 2+ -dependent process with neuronal activity. Previous immunocytochemical studies have revealed few neurons exhibiting NAAG-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the forebrain, especially in putative glutamatergic neurons. In this study, we present a detailed map of NAAG-LI in rat forebrain utilizing a modified fixation technique that markedly enhances sensitivity. NAAG-LI is located in most of the putative glutamatergic pathways in the forebrain including pyramidal neurons in motor and sensory cortices and the hippocampal formation. Co-localization of NAAG-LI to cholinergic systems of the forebrain was quite extensive with the exception of the striatal local circuit neurons. A noteworthy feature of NAAG-LI-positive neuronal groups is that they were often configured in hierarchical relationships. For example, the pyramidal neurons of the motor cortex and the motor neurons of the brainstem and and spinal cord expressed NAAG-LI; also, several inter-related components of the limbic system stained for NAAG-LI. Taken together, these findings indicate that NAAG is a neuropeptide localized to subpopulations of neurons throughout forebrain as well as in brainstem and spinal cord.
Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of ethylene oxide in the CHO/HGPRT system

Ethylene oxide (EO) is made on an industrial scale (2.5 billion pounds per year) and is used not only to prepare a number of commercially important compounds but also as a widely used fumigant to sterilize foodstuffs, textiles, and medical instruments. EO is an alkylating agent that has been shown to interact with proteins and nucleic acids and is mutagenic in a number of test systems, eg, rodents, bacteria, rice, and Drosophila. Reported is the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of EO in a mammalian cel culture system, the Chinese hamster ovary cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (CHO/HGPRT) system.
A study on the effects of surface roughness on the strength of single lap joints

In order to gain an insight into the aspects of surface roughness, surface profile, adhesive viscosity, and surface morphology, experiments were conducted using two different steels (1018 cold-rolled and hot-rolled weld steels). Four different surface modifications were performed on these samples by sand-blasting at 552 kPa from a distance of 25.4 mm, and etching for 2 and 10 min with a chemical recipe containing chromic acid. Two different adhesives were used, namely Epon 815 and Epon 830 with viscosities of 5-7 and 170-225 Poise, respectively, to assess the effect of viscosity in bonding to adherends with different surface topographies. Contact angles were measured on all surfaces using the two adhesives. To gain an insight into the effect of surface topography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the modified surfaces at different magnifications. Both average and maximum peak-to-valley height values were measured using a profilometer and surface profiles were also obtained for al...
Nitrous oxide for relief of labor pain: A systematic review ☆

A systematic review was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide for labor analgesia. Eleven randomized controlled trials with adequate control groups and outcome assessment by parturients during or shortly after the intervention were used to determine efficacy. To determine adverse outcome, descriptions found in 8 controlled trials and in 8 observational studies were included. A nonsystematic review of studies on occupational exposure was also conducted. Nitrous oxide is not a potent labor analgesic, but it is safe for parturient women, their newborns, and health care workers in attendance during its administration. It appears to provide adequately effective analgesia for many women.
Visual Comparison of Association Rules

Rule induction methods are widely applied tools for mining large data bases. They are often used as a starting point in undirected data mining, i.e. when you do not know what specific patterns to look for. One form of rule induction methods are association rules which have their origin in market basket analysis. Since an evaluation of their results is often hard due to the mass of output, pruning methods are needed to turn the output of association rules into a manageable number of patterns. We will present some statistical measures and their depictions that are useful to assess the quality of an association rule. We will show plots portraying confidence and support for individual rules as well as for sets of rules as alternatives to displays currently used in commercial software. A new quality measure for association rules, the doc, will be introduced which overcomes some of the problems of support and confidence of association rules and can be visualised even for hundreds of rules in one diagram.
Novel methods for measuring air-water interfacial area in unsaturated porous media.

Abstract Interfacial partitioning tracer tests (IPTT) are used to measure air–water interfacial area for unsaturated porous media. The standard IPTT method involves conducting tests wherein an aqueous surfactant solution is introduced into a packed column under unsaturated flow conditions. Surfactant-induced drainage has been observed to occur for this method in some cases, which can complicate data analysis and impart uncertainty to the measured values. Two novel alternative approaches for conducting IPTTs are presented herein that are designed in part to prevent surfactant-induced drainage. The two methods are termed the dual-surfactant IPTT (IPTT-DS) and the residual-air IPTT (IPTT-RA). The two methods were used to measure air–water interfacial areas for two natural porous media. System monitoring during the tests revealed no measurable surfactant-induced drainage. The measured interfacial areas compared well to those obtained with the standard IPTT method conducted in such a manner that surfactant-induced drainage was prevented.
Computational microscopy of the role of protonable surface residues in nanoprecipitation oscillations.

A novel phenomenon has recently been reported in polymeric nanopores. This phenomenon, so-called nanoprecipitation, is characterized by the transient formation of precipitates in the nanopore lumen, producing a sequence of low and high conductance states in the ionic current through the pore. By means of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we studied nanoprecipitation for polyethylene terephthalate nanopore immersed in electrolytic solution containing calcium phosphate, covering a total simulation time of 1.24 microseconds. Our results suggest that protonable surface residues at the nanopore surface, namely carboxyl groups, trigger the formation of precipitates which strongly adhere to the surface, blocking the pore and producing the low conductance state. Based on the simulations, we propose a mechanism for the formation of the high conductance state; the mechanism involves detachment of the precipitate from the surface due to reprotonation of carboxyl groups and subsequent translocation of the precipitate out of the pore.
Beyond Just Being There: An Examination of the Impact of Attitudes, Materialism, and Self-Esteem on the Quality of Helping Behavior in Youth Volunteers

ABSTRACT Young people represent a strong and growing source of volunteers for not-for-profit organizations (NPO) and are an important focus for NPO marketing efforts. Using helping behavior theory, this paper reports a study conducted with a sample of teenagers to examine influences on their decision to volunteer and their goal setting for fund-raising. The relationship between three individual variables (attitude toward the organization, self-esteem, and materialism) and the quality of helping behavior provided was found to be mediated in large part by attitude towards the actual volunteering task. Implications for NPO marketing and future research are discussed.
Maximum-likelihood methods for array processing based on time-frequency distributions

This paper proposes a novel time-frequency maximum likelihood (t-f ML) method for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for non- stationary signals, and compares this method with conventional maximum likelihood DOA estimation techniques. Time-frequency distributions localize the signal power in the time-frequency domain, and as such enhance the effective SNR, leading to improved DOA estimation. The localization of signals with different t-f signatures permits the division of the time-frequency domain into smaller regions, each contains fewer signals than those incident on the array. The reduction of the number of signals within different time-frequency regions not only reduces the required number of sensors, but also decreases the computational load in multi- dimensional optimizations. Compared to the recently proposed time- frequency MUSIC (t-f MUSIC), the proposed t-f ML method can be applied in coherent environments, without the need to perform any type of preprocessing that is subject to both array geometry and array aperture.
A High-Resolution Global Sea Surface Temperature Climatology for the 1961–90 Base Period

Abstract In an earlier study (Reynolds and Smith), a monthly 1° SST climatology was produced for the 1950–79 base period. This climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: a 2° SST climatology developed from in situ data for the period 1950–79, and a 1° SST climatology for the period 1982–93 derived from an optimum interpolation SST analysis that uses in situ and satellite data. Since then a new 2° spatial resolution near-global SST analysis has been developed, which can produce a similar high-resolution climatology for any base period within the analysis period (1950–92). In this note the procedure is utilized to change the base period to 1961–90, which is the climatological base period suggested by the World Meteorological Organization. The method is nearly identical to that used in the earlier study except for the formation of the 2° climatology from new analyses. The results show that the change in the climatology is generally small with absolute differences usually less than 0.2°C...
Control of Listeria monocytogenes on skinless frankfurters by coating with phytochemicals

Abstract The efficacy of four phytochemicals, namely trans -cinnamaldehyde (0.1, 0.2%), carvacrol (0.1, 0.2%), thymol (0.1, 0.2%) and eugenol (0.3, 0.4%) incorporated in a chitosan-based coating for inactivating Listeria monocytogenes (LM) on frankfurters was investigated. Frankfurters were inoculated with a 5-strain LM mixture (∼10 6 /frankfurter, either prior to or after coating with phytochemicals), vacuum-packed, and stored at 4 °C for 42 days. Representative samples were analyzed on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 for surviving LM. Moreover, the effect of phytochemicals on lipid oxidation, meat pH and expression of LM genes critical for attachment to meat was studied. On day zero, all phytochemical coatings reduced LM counts by >2.5 log CFU/frankfurter compared to controls (P 0.05). Results suggest that the aforementioned phytochemicals could potentially be used as an effective antilisterial coating, however, follow up studies on the sensory and quality characteristics of phytochemical-coated frankfurters are necessary.
Hepatic uptake of asialoglycoprotein is different among mammalian species due to different receptor distribution.

Abstract Isolated hepatocytes of rat, rabbit and guinea pig were found to take up and degrade 125I-labelled asialoorosomucoid at different rates with the rank order: rabbit > rat > guinea pig. Measurement of 125I-asialoorosomucoid binding at 4°C to these hepatocytes revealed that all these cells had two classes of receptors with a major difference occurring in the number of high-affinity binding sites. The average binding affinity constants (K) and receptor concentration (N) calculated from a least-square analysis of the Scatchard plots were K1 = 1.5·109 M−1, K2=0.93·107 M−7, N1 = 0.049 pmol/mg cell protein and N2 = 0.27 pmol/mg cell protein for the rat; K2 = 3.16·107 M−1, N1 = 0.027 pmol/mg cell protein and N2 = 0.13 pmol/mg cell protein for the guinea pig and K1 = 0.74·109 M−1, K2 = 3.85·107 M−1, N1 = 0.205 pmol/mg cell protein and N2 = 0.37 pmol/mg cell protein or the rabbit hepatocytes, respectively. Measurement of the total number of cellular receptors after solubilizatio with Triton X-100 also revealed the same receptor concentration rank order of rabbit (5.8 pmol/mg cell protein) > rat (0.55 pmol/mg cell protein) > guinea pig (0.18 pmol/mg cell protein). Intravenous injection of 125I-asialoorosomucoid into anesthetized animals of matched body weight also indicated that the rate of plasma clearance and the rate of appearance of the degraded product of the tracer were different among these species with the same rank order as the observed with isolated hepatocytes. Thus there is a fundamental difference in the number of asialoglycoprotein receptors both on the cell surface and inside hepatocytes of these mammalian species.
Nanophosphors based on CdSe/ZnS colloidal quantum dots for daylight-quality white LEDs

Properly mixed combination of CdSe/ZnS colloidal quantum dots of different sizes is suggested as a nanophosphor material to be combined with blue InGaN/GaN LEDs for well-balanced color content of white light emission.
The isolation of a material capable of producing experimental lathyrism.

A procedure for the isolation from Singletary pea (Latbyrus pusillus) seed of a crystalline, nitrogen-containing organic compound is given. This material produces in albino rats the syndrome associated with the ingestion of large quantities of the seed. On the basis of certain differences in properties it is suggested that more than one toxic material will eventually be isolate from the members of the genus.
Pulse shapes and spatial modes in Raman lasers

The steady-state performance of a Raman laser oscillator can be described by a simple standing-wave theory. This theory has been extended to take into account the time variation of the exciting laser pulse. The resulting differential equation is nonlinear, but analytic expressions can be obtained in the limiting cases of small-signal amplification and saturation. Experimental results in H 2 gas are compared with theory and show good agreement. The phase-matching conditions appropriate to the Raman oscillator are derived and verified experimentally.
Avoiding engineering changes through focused manufacturing knowledge

An exploratory analysis of how product-development engineers can avoid many manufacturability-related engineering changes (ECs) if they develop focused manufacturing knowledge is described. An engineer would develop focused manufacturing knowledge by working in an existing area of manufacturing most related to that engineer's development task. The occurrence of ECs that are avoidable with focused manufacturing knowledge does not justify that all product development engineers gain this knowledge. However, engineers who design components with a significant history of manufacturability problems should develop this knowledge to achieve the benefits of EC avoidance. It is concluded that organizations should manage the development of focused manufacturing knowledge. >
Sertoli cell function varies along the seminiferous tubule: the proportion and response of transferrin secretors differ between stage-associated tubule segments.

Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated clearly that only a portion of all Sertoli cells secrete transferrin (TF). These findings raised the possibility that differences in the functional type of Sertoli cells from one location to another may account in part for the stage-related variation in TF release along the seminiferous tubule. In order to address this, Sertoli cells derived from tubule segments corresponding to stages III–V, VII, IX-XI, and XIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle were subjected to reverse hemolytic plaque assays to determine whether the proportion of TF cells present in those segments were similar or different. We found 21.4 ± 1.8%, 20.3 ± 2.0%, 48.3 ± 2.5%, and 49.2 ± 3.2% of all cells secreted TF in III-V, VII, IX-XI, and XIII staged segments, respectively. Results obtained from immunocytochemical staining of cells from different sections agreed well with those obtained with plaque assays, indicating that we had detected most, if not all, TF cells in these cultures. In ...
Work group research: past strategies and future opportunities

Standard methodologies for investigating work groups are compared. Supplementary, complementary, and hybrid research strategies are identified and tradeoffs discussed. The need for conducting externally valid work group experiments is emphasized. Methodological shortcomings in previous work group experiments are cited and translated into experimental design guidelines which incorporate: (1) realistic tasks; (2) subject cohorts that are knowledgeable about and interested in the experimental task; and (3) the organizational context provided by academic institutions. Together, these design guidelines constitute a previously uncharacterized experimental methodology that increases external validity, labeled the "opportunistic experiment". Group projects undertaken by engineering students are identified as an ideal and untapped source for engineering management (and other) researchers to utilize in their investigations of work groups. >
p38 MAPK regulates steroidogenesis through transcriptional repression of STAR gene

STAR/StarD1, part of a protein complex, mediates the transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane, which is the rate-limiting step for steroidogenesis, and where steroid hormone synthesis begins. Herein, we examined the role of oxidant-sensitive p38 MAPKs in the regulation of STAR gene transcription, using model steroidogenic cell lines. Our data indicate that oxidant activation of p38 MAPK exhibits a negative regulatory role in the induction of functional expression of STAR, as evidenced by enhanced induction of STAR (mRNA/protein) expression and increased steroidogenesis during pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK or in cells with increased transient overexpression of a dominant-negative (dn) form of p38 MAPKα or p38 MAPKβ. Studies with rat Star-promoter demonstrated that overexpression of p38 MAPKα-wt, -β, or -γ significantly reduced both basal and cAMP-sensitive promoter activity. In contrast, overexpression of p38 MAPKα-dn, -β, or -γ enhanced the Star promoter activity under basal conditions and in response to cAMP stimulation. Use of various constitutively active and dn constructs and designer knock-out cell lines demonstrated that MKK3 and MKK6, the upstream activators of p38 MAPKs, play a role in p38 MAPKα-mediated inhibition of Star promoter activity. In addition, our studies raised the possibility of CREB being a potential target of the p38 MAPK inhibitory effect on Star promoter activity. Collectively, these data provide novel mechanistic information about how oxidant-sensitive p38 MAPKs, particularly p38 MAPKα, contribute to the negative regulation of Star gene expression and inhibit steroidogenesis.
Comparison of the REMBRANDT system with analytic hierarchy process

Abstract This study compared the use of the REMBRANDT system to analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a group multiple criteria selection problem. The decision was to select an operations management text, and the decision was the responsibility of a faculty group. The primary purpose of this study is to apply REMBRANDT to the same problem that was supported by AHP. There are no noticeable differences between the techniques from the perspective of the users, as the same input is used. Important technical differences between AHP and REMBRANDT are demonstrated, including (1) different ratio input scales, (2) alternative calculation of impact scores, and (3) a different aggregation procedure. REMBRANDT was found to recommend the same decision as AHP when the geometric mean was used for aggregation, but a different decision was given by conventional AHP using arithmetic mean aggregation.
Continuing Tensions in Standardized Testing

(1998). Continuing Tensions in Standardized Testing. Childhood Education: Vol. 74, Continuing Tensions in Education, pp. 262-273.
Evaluation of surface treatments for glass fibers in composite materials

The thermomechanical stability of a number of organosilane surface treatments for glass fibers was evaluated for use in a fiber reinforced epoxy resin. All of the silane coatings were found to improve the tensile strength of E-glass filaments, particularly at large gauge lengths. A phenylamino silane and an amino silane were particularly effective in this regard. The fiber/matrix interface was evaluated as a function of temperature and after exposure to boiling water using a single-fiber composite test. All silane coatings transmitted a higher interfacial shear stress than obtained in composites with no coatings, and in all cases the shear stress transmission was considerably higher than would be expected from the yield properties of the resin. Measurements of the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin, as well as Fourier-Transform Infra-Red analysis, indicated modification of resin properties in a zone around the glass fibers. Each of the silane coatings provided more stable thermomechanical properties than those obtained with uncoated glass, at least until the silanes were irreversibly degraded by boiling water. A phenylamino silane provided the most thermally stable properties. Finally, unidirectional E-glass fiber reinforced laminae were fabricated and the measured values of longitudinal strength were compared favorably to theoretical predictions.
Perceptual learning and the discrimination of wines

Ss were required to judge whether two successive tastes of wine were the same or different. Following a pretest with no knowledge of results, Ss were divided into three groups for further training. Group I received information on correctness of the judgment and learned an identification number for each of the five wines, Group II received only knowledge whether judgments were correct, and Group III received no information. The posttest, like the pretest, gave no knowledge of results. Ss improved significantly on the posttest compared to the pretest, but training condition had no significant effect. The major improvement was in correctly judging that two wine samples were the same.
Pressure and Friction Injuries in Primary Care

Pressure and friction injuries are common throughout the lifespan. A detailed history of the onset and progression of friction and pressure injuries is key to aiding clinicians in determining the underlying mechanism behind the development of the injury. Modifying or removing the forces that are creating pressure or friction is the key to both prevention and healing of these injuries. Proper care of pressure and friction injuries to the skin is important to prevent the development of infection. Patient education on positioning and ergonomics can help to prevent recurrence of pressure and friction injuries.
Food Delivery Programs and Other Factors Affecting Nutrient Intake of Children

In a study of Washington state school children, regression models showed full participants in the school lunch program to have significantly higher intakes for five of ten nutrients than non- or partial participants. Nonparticipants had significantly higher intakes of iron. Nutrient intakes of food stamp recipients were not significantly higher than other school children. Liquid assets and total assets each increased intakes of two nutrients, while the value of food consumed had no significant effect on any of the nutrients. Biochemical data showed few problems of malnutrition to exist among this sample of school children.
Form IV of Carbamazepine

Carbamazepine has been found to crystallize as a new polymorph that is stable at room temperature. We report the crystal structure of this C-centered monoclinic form (space group C2/c, cell parameters: a = 26.609, b = 6.9269, c = 13.957, beta = 109.702), which consists of hydrogen bonded dimers with an anti-disposition. This represents the third modification of carbamazepine that has been crystallographically characterized, and the fourth for which cell parameters have been determined. Thus, it is designated as form IV of carbamazepine. Differences between the packing of the various polymorphs are discussed.
Some new constructions for simplex codes

Three constructions for n-dimensional regular simplex codes /spl alpha//sub i/, 0/spl les/i/spl les/n, are proposed, two of which have the property that /spl alpha//sub i/ for 1/spl les/i/spl les/n is a cyclic shift of /spl alpha//sub 1/. The first method is shown to work for all the positive integers n=1,2,... using only three real values. It turns out that these values are rational whenever n+1 is a square of some integer. Whenever a (v,k,/spl lambda/) cyclic (or Abelian) difference set exists, this method is generalized so that a similar method is shown to work with /spl nu/=n (the number of dimensions). >
Effects of Atropine and Glycopyrrolate on Esophageal, Gastric, and Tracheal pH in Anesthetized Dogs

Atropine, glycopyrrolate, or saline solution was administered before anesthesia in a blinded, controlled study of 40 dogs scheduled to undergo surgery. Effects of treatment on esophageal, gastric, and tracheal pH were measured with an intraluminal pH meter. Preanesthetic administration of atropine and glycopyrrolate had no effect on esophageal, gastric, or tracheal pH but did result in increased heart rate. Thoracotomy procedures resulted in decreased intraluminal esophageal pH and increased heart rate. Esophageal pH at the level of the thoracic inlet decreased over the duration of surgery.
Impact of interoperability on CAD-IP reuse: an academic viewpoint

Mind-boggling complexity of EDA tools necessitates reuse of intellectual property in any large-scale commercial or academic operation. However, due to the nature of software, a tool component remains an ill-defined concept, in contrast to a hardware component (core) with its formally specified functions and interfaces. Furthermore, EDA tasks often evolve rapidly to fit new manufacturing contexts or new design approaches created by circuit designers; this leads to moving targets for CAD software developers. Yet, it is uneconomical to write off tool reuse as simply an endemic "software problem". Our main message is that CAD tools should be planned and designed in terms of reusable components and glue code. This implies that industrial and academic research should focus on (1) formulating practical tool components in terms of common interfaces, (2) implementing such components, and (3) performing detailed evaluations of such components. While this is reminiscent of hardware reuse, most existing EDA tools are designed as stand-alone programs and interface through files.
Nanoscale friction and wear maps.

Friction and wear are part and parcel of all walks of life, and for interfaces that are in close or near contact, tribology and mechanics are supremely important. They can critically influence the efficient functioning of devices and components. Nanoscale friction force follows a complex nonlinear dependence on multiple, often interdependent, interfacial and material properties. Various studies indicate that nanoscale devices may behave in ways that cannot be predicted from their larger counterparts. Nanoscale friction and wear mapping can help identify some ‘sweet spots’ that would give ultralow friction and near-zero wear. Mapping nanoscale friction and wear as a function of operating conditions and interface properties is a valuable tool and has the potential to impact the very way in which we design and select materials for nanotechnology applications.
Assembly of an A kinase-anchoring protein–β2-adrenergic receptor complex facilitates receptor phosphorylation and signaling

Abstract Phosphorylation of G-protein-coupled receptors by second-messenger-stimulated kinases is central to the process of receptor desensitization [1–3]. Phosphorylation of the β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 -AR) by protein kinase A (PKA), in addition to uncoupling adenylate cyclase activation, is obligatory for receptor-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) cascades [4,5]. Although mechanisms for linking G-protein-coupled receptor kinases to the activated receptor are well established, analogous mechanisms for targeting second messenger kinases to the β 2 -AR at the plasma membrane have not been elucidated. Here we show that the A-kinase-anchoring protein, AKAP79/150, co-precipitates with the β 2 -AR in cell and tissue extracts, nucleating a signaling complex that includes PKA, protein kinase C (PKC) and protein phosphatase PP2B. The anchoring protein directly and constitutively interacts with the β 2 -AR and promotes receptor phosphorylation following agonist stimulation. Functional studies show that PKA anchoring is required to enhance β 2 -AR phosphorylation and to facilitate downstream activation of the MAP kinase pathway. This defines a role for AKAP79/150 in the recruitment of second-messenger-regulated signaling enzymes to a G-protein-coupled receptor.
A low power, wide linear-range CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator

A low power CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented. Its simple and symmetric structure can provide low-power and low-noise operation, which is comparable to existing architectures in CMOS. The proposed VCO is digitally programmable to have different center frequencies while maintaining its linear voltage-to-frequency characteristic and a desirable VCO gain at tuned frequency. Simulation result shows that the output frequency of 1 GHz is achieved at the power consumption of 3.5 mW.
On Hadamard groups with relatively large $2$-subgroup

A Hadamard group is any group of order $4u^2$ that contain a difference set. In this paper we obtain some new conditions for Hadamard groups with relatively large $2$-subgroup. We use norm invariant polynomials $f(\varepsilon) \in \mathbb{Z}[\varepsilon], \ |f(\varepsilon^t)|=const.$, where $\varepsilon$ is root of unity of order $2^n.$ Necessary condition on a size of normal cyclic $2$-subgroup are given. Also, we have covered cases when $2$-subgroup has generators similar to a modular or dihedral $2$-group. Additionally, we construct such two infinite series of groups. Obtained results are natural generalization of a case when entire group is $2$-group.
Law as Trope: Framing and Evaluating Conceptual Metaphors

Though perhaps better known for their stylistic use of metaphor, lawyers’ substantive use of metaphor drives the law. Like other disciplines, law requires its categories and thus its metaphors. For utility’s sake, lawyers put similar things in categories and thereby treat them as categorically the same. However, good lawyers understand that such categorical equating is not literally true since nothing truly is what it is not. Instead, good lawyers understand the metaphorical nature of categorization. Good lawyers also understand the need to identify both the conscious and unconscious metaphors in play in a given situation. They understand the need to avoid uncritically accepting others’ metaphors, categories, and narratives, the need where possible to construct metaphors, categories, and narratives that benefit one’s case, and the need to be aware of what operative metaphors, categories, and narratives highlight and conceal so that one can proceed accordingly and avoid surprise. Good lawyers further understand that predictability, precedent, simplicity, and coherence in the broadest sense not only help them evaluate their own categories and other metaphors and the “flexible” logic of metaphor discussed in this article. These tests also help good lawyers evaluate the categories and metaphors of others.Finally, good lawyers understand that metaphor is more than powerful kennings. Metaphor is more than blood as “raven-wine,” more than raven as “battle-gull.” Metaphor lives in and generates much blood, flesh, and bone of that living thing we call the law.
Multiteam Systems A Structural Framework and Meso-Theory of System Functioning

It has been over a decade since organizational researchers began seriously grappling with the phenomenon of multiteam systems (MTSs) as an organizational form spanning traditional team and organizational boundaries. The MTS concept has been met with great enthusiasm as an organizational form that solves both theoretical and practical challenges. However, the development of the MTS domain has been stifled by the absence of theory that clearly delineates the core dimensions influencing the interactions between the individuals and teams operating within them. We contribute to such theory building by creating a multidimensional framework that centers on two key structural features of MTSs—differentiation and dynamism—that create distinct forces affecting individual and team behavior within the system. Differentiation characterizes the degree of difference and separation between MTS component teams at a particular point in time, whereas dynamism describes the variability and instability of the system over time...
The Political Significance of Hegel's Concept of Recognition in the Phenomenology

There has been much debate regarding interpretation of the concept of recognition (Anerkennung) in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. Among the issues discussed in various commentaries, two that I find particularly interesting and important are: a) the question of the social and historical vs psychological significance of the concept of recognition which appears in Chapter 4 of Hegel's Phenomenology and b) the status of the dialectic of lordship and bondage for understanding the nature of the reconciliation of self-consciousness in the realm of objective spirit. Both of these topics have been widely discussed and I could not pretend to do justice to them in the space of this paper. My particular interest here is to discuss the political significance of Hegel's concept of recognition, specifically by exploring its connection to Hegel's overtly political works, especially the Philosophy of Right with its articulation of the Idea of the state. However, before proceeding directly to that task, I would like to begin with some comments on the two issues I just mentioned, as they are relevant to my topic. In an essay entitled “Notes on Hegel's ‘Lordship and Bondage’” George Amstrong Kelly cautions the reader of the Phenomenology against oversimplifying Hegel's concept of recognition. There are two oversimplifications in particular that he worries about: (1) reducing the significance of Anerkennung to a social and political reading, and (2) (in Kelly's words) “the master- slave relationship is made an unqualified device for clarifying the progress of human history”, (p 191) The first mistake is avoided by seeing, in addition to the social “angle”, the “pattern of psychological domination and servitude within the individual ego”, (p 195) According to Kelly, “The problem of lordship and bondage is essentially Platonic in foundation, because the primal cleavage in both the history of society and the history of the ego is at stake. The two primordial egos in the struggle that will lead to mastery and slavery are also locked within themselves”, (p 199) The internal aspects of lordship and bondage are found in the struggle for self-awareness between self and other within the Ego, eg., in terms of appetition vs spiritual self-regard, opposed faculties in the ego that once awakened must be brought into harmony. As Kelly puts it in his book Idealism, Politics and History, “man remits the tensions of his being upon the world of fellow beings and is himself changed in the process. This relationship furnishes the bridge between psychology and history”, (p 334)
Clotting Predisposition in Carcinoma of the Prostate

To delineate factors that might increase the risk of thromboembolic events in patients on estrogen therapy for prostatic carcinoma a study was undertaken of various coagulation parameters. A correlation was demonstrated between advanced stages of prostatic carcinoma and depression of the serum antithrombin III activity. The addition of estrogen therapy resulted in further depression. Since low levels of serum antithrombin III activity have been associated with thrombosis this observation may have clinical relevance.
How competition is driving change in port governance, strategic decision-making and government policy in the United States

Abstract The period from 2007 through 2016 saw little change in the fundamentals of port governance in the United States. Instead, increased competition resulting from the consolidation of the ocean carrier industry, a slower forecast for U.S. container trade growth, port congestion on the U.S. West Coast and the potential for shifting trading lanes from an expanded Panama Canal became the predominant force driving change in the U.S. port industry. Recognizing the competitive threats, the U.S. government responded through increased funding, greater agency engagement, modest reform of the harbor maintenance tax and legislation regarding the establishment and reporting of port performance metrics. State governments invested and took steps to position their ports to withstand increased competition. At the local level, ports responded through strategic collaborations and by shifting from traditional landlord roles to supply chain participants. The West Coast Ports exhibit greater efforts at strategic collaboration than the East Coast Ports that are actively competing for cargo through an expanded Panama Canal. Some East Coast port investment is speculative and out of scale with market and financial conditions. The potential of over-investment, stranded assets or market share losses could drive more ports to consider regional collaboration, governance changes or creative leasing strategies to facilitate terminal collaboration to enhance their market power.
On the Relationship Between Finite Domain ABAM and PreUCON\mathrm {_A}

Several access control models that use attributes have been proposed, although none so far is regarded as a definitive characterization of attribute-based access control (ABAC). Among these a recently proposed model is the attribute-based access matrix (ABAM) model [14] that extends the HRU model [4] by introducing attributes. In this paper we consider the finite case of ABAM, where the number of attributes is finite and the permissible values (i.e., domain) for each attribute is finite. Henceforth, we understand ABAM to mean finite ABAM. A separately developed model with finite attribute domains is PreUCON\(\mathrm {_A}\) [10], which is a sub-model of the usage control UCON model [9]. This paper explores the relationship between the expressive power of these two finite attribute domain models. Since the safety problem for HRU is undecidable it follows safety is also undecidable for ABAM, while it is known to be decidable for PreUCON\(\mathrm {_A}\) [10]. Hence ABAM cannot be reduced to PreUCON\(\mathrm {_A}\). We define a special case of ABAM called RL-ABAM2 and show that RL-ABAM2 and PreUCON\(\mathrm {_A}\) are equivalent in expressive power, but each has its own advantages. Finally, we propose a possible way to combine the advantages of these two models.
Initial electrocardiogram as determinant of hospital course in ST elevation myocardial infarction

Background A proportion of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have an initial electrocardiogram (ECG) that is nondiagnostic and are definitively diagnosed on a subsequent ECG. Our aim was to assess whether patients with a nondiagnostic initial ECG are different than those with a diagnostic initial ECG. Methods We collected demographic, ECG, medication, angiographic, and in-hospital clinical outcome data in consecutive patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI at our institution from June 2009 to June 2013. Results A total of 334 patients were included, 285 (85%) diagnosed on the initial ECG and 49 (15%) on a subsequent ECG. Patients with a nondiagnostic initial ECG had more comorbidities including prior congestive heart failure (14% vs. 3%, p < .001), coronary artery disease (47% vs. 24%, p = .001), diabetes (37% vs. 16%, p = .001), and hyperlipidemia (55% vs. 40%, p = .048); higher rates of chronic medication use including aspirin (47% vs. 27%, p = .005), beta-blocker (47% vs. 22%, p < .001), and statins (53% vs. 28%, p = .001); longer door-to-balloon times (106 min vs. 45 min, p < .001); lower peak troponin levels (25 ng/ml vs. 50 ng/ml, p = .004), longer diagnostic ECG to balloon times (84 min vs. 75 min, p = .006); and higher rates of a patent infarct-related artery on baseline angiography (41% vs. 24%, p = .018) which remained significant in a multivariable logistic regression model. Conclusions Approximately one in seven STEMI patients had an initial ECG that was nondiagnostic for STEMI. These patients had more comorbidities, higher rates of medication use, and received delayed intervention (even after the diagnosis was definitive).
Comments on “An Assessment of Steam-Explosion-Induced Containment Failure. Parts I–IV”

(1989). Comments on “An Assessment of Steam-Explosion-Induced Containment Failure. Parts I–IV”. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 100-100.
Methylene Blue-Guided Debridement as an Intraoperative Adjunct for the Surgical Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Abstract Background Current methods to identify infected tissue in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) are inadequate. The purpose of this study was (1) to assess methylene blue–guided surgical debridement as a novel technique in PJI using quantitative microbiology and (2) to evaluate clinical success based on eradication of infection and infection-free survival. Methods Sixteen total knee arthroplasty patients meeting Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria for PJI undergoing the first stage of 2-stage exchange arthroplasty were included in this prospective study. Dilute methylene blue (0.1%) was instilled in the knee before debridement, residual dye was removed, and stained tissue was debrided. Paired tissue samples, stained and unstained, were collected from the femur, tibia, and capsule during debridement. Samples were analyzed by neutrophil count, semiquantitative culture, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical success was a secondary outcome. Results The mean age was 64.0 ± 6.0 years, and follow-up was 24.4 ± 3.5 months. More bacteria were found in methylene blue–stained vs unstained tissue-based on semiquantitative culture (P = .001). PCR for staphylococcal species showed 9-fold greater bioburden in methylene blue–stained vs unstained tissue (P = .02). Tissue pathology found 53 ± 46 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high-power field in methylene blue–stained vs 4 ± 13 in unstained tissue (P = .0001). All subjects cleared their primary infection and underwent reimplantation. At mean 2-year follow-up, 25% of patients failed secondary to new infection with a different organism. Conclusion These results suggest a role for methylene blue in providing a visual index of surgical debridement in the treatment of PJI.
DNA Topology and Topoisomerases: Teaching a "Knotty" Subject.

Although the genetic information encoded in DNA is embodied in a one-dimensional array of bases, it is the three-dimensional structure of the genetic material that controls how this information is replicated, expressed, and recombined in the cell [1–5]. Because DNA is double-stranded and compressed into a crowded cellular environment, some of the most important three-dimensional relationships in the double helix are topological in nature. How is the concept of topology applied to the genetic material? As long as the ends of DNA are fixed in space, topological relationships are defined as those that can be altered only by breaking one or both strands of the double helix. For all practical purposes, we always can consider the ends of cellular DNA to be anchored and unable to rotate [3–6]. This is because there is a high frictional energy associated with the extreme length of chromosomes, plasmids and bacterial chromosomes often are circular (and therefore have no ends), and chromosomal DNA is tethered to membranes in bacteria and to the chromosome scaffold in eukaryotes [3–6]. Topological relationships in DNA include underwinding and overwinding, knotting, and tangling. DNA topology should be an integral component of biochemistry and molecular biology curricula for a number of reasons, including: Topology affects virtually every nucleic acid process that requires the double helix to be opened or moved within the cell [3, 5–8] Topoisomerases, the enzymes that regulate the topological structure of DNA, play critical roles in fundamental cellular processes, including replication, transcription, recombination, and mitosis [3, 4, 9–12] Topoisomerases are the targets for some of the most important anticancer and antibacterial drugs currently in clinical use [10–14]. Topoisomerase-mediated DNA strand breaks may trigger specific types of leukemia [10, 12, 15, 16].
Benchmarking computational electromagnetics with exact analytical solutions of canonical electromagnetic scattering problems

Solutions of canonical electromagnetic scattering problems may be used to benchmark computational electromagnetics methods. While the list of known exact analytical solutions is limited, this list extends significantly beyond classical solutions for the scattering from metallic bodies such as the sphere, the 2D metallic wedge, and the infinite circular cylinder. In fact, recently developed exact solutions exist for geometries involving cavities, sharp edges, apertures, and propagation across different media. Unfortunately, many articles discussing computational electromagnetics solutions frequently propose validations or benchmarks with geometries as simple as a sphere and then jump into comparisons with very complex objects such as a numerical model of an airplane. In such cases, validations with simpler, but yet challenging benchmarks should provide additional evidence of their accuracy. In many cases, comparisons with exact solutions for benchmarking purposes are quite straightforward to implement.