cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asian Strikes Against Transnationals

Third World nonelites face considerable difficulty in attempting to enhance their welfare and security values. The present study examines 52 labor-actions taken against transnational enterprises (TNEs) in underdeveloped Asian countries, in order to determine the correlates of concessions and repressions meted out to workers. Hypotheses deriving from three perspectives—modernization, labor-mobilization, and dependency—are tested. The findings suggest that export-dependence, investment-incentives for TNEs, intervention by Asian public officials, number of worker demands, and foreign labor support are the most influential variables in affecting labor-action outcomes. An integrative model is then developed and tested.
Substance P increases and prolongs increased output of T4 (CD4) lymphocytes from lymph nodes of sheep in vivo: is it a mediator of immunological memory?

Abstract There are receptors on lymphocytes for substance P which are found both on small recirculating and on blast lymphocytes. The principal effect of substance P on lymphocytes appears to be a stimulating one, both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo administration of substance P to sheep by acute infusion into cannulated afferent lymphatics of peripheral lymph nodes has been found to stimulate efferent lymph flow and the output into efferent lymph of both small recirculating and blast lymphocytes. We here report that substance P both enhances and prolongs the enhancement of the output of T4 (CD4) lymphocytes from lymph nodes of sheep in vivo. This output-stimulating effect appears to be specific to T4 (CD4) lymphocytes and is associated with a depressant effect on the output of T8 (CD8) and B lymphocytes. The output-stimulating effect on small T4 (CD4) lymphocytes is quite prolonged, lasting in excess of 96 h after a single 50 μg acute infusion. A brief post-infusion depression in T4 (CD4) lymphocyte output is associated with an equally brief, but marked, elevation in the output into efferent lymph of the arachidonic acid metabolite, thromboxane B 2 . The output-stimulating effect of substance P on blast T lymphocytes is confined to the T4 (CD4) blast lymphocytes. Substance P or a similar molecule may be of value when a specific T4 (CD4) lymphocyte output stimulant effect is desired. A single prior (6 days) acute infusion of substance P into a popliteal lymph node via its cannulated afferent lymphatic produced profound changes in the response to nodal drainage area immunization with killed S. muenchen bacteria. The latent period prior to increased antibody production was abolished, as was the standard post-immunization ‘shutdown’ period of decreased output of lymphocytes into efferent lymph. These changes were accompanied by a marked and progressive increase in antibody production. The findings reported here suggest substance P-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) of the immune response and raise the question of an involment of substance P as a major mediator of immunological memory.
High Culture Orientation and the Attitudes and Values of College Students

Using survey data collected from a sample of college students, the authors explore variability in high culrure orientation. Parent's socioeconomic status, traditionally thought to be predictive of high culture orientation, was not significantly related to it in this sample. Factors found to be associated with high culture orientation include interpersonal experience, occupational orientation, and cultural knowledge and participation.
From a Geography of Labor to a Labor Geography: Labor's Spatial Fix and theGeography of Capitalism

Mainstream neoclassical economic geography and its Marxist critique have largely failed to incorporate active conceptions of working class people in their explanations of the location of economic activities. Neoclassical approaches tend to conceive of workers simply as factors of location, whereas Marxist approaches primarily focus on how capital structures the economic landscape in its search for profit and frequently relegate labor to the status of “variable capital.” Both approaches present Geographies of Labor. They have not really examined how workers try to make industrial landscapes. In contrast, I argue that workers have an interest in how the economic geography of capitalism is made; consequently, they seek to impose what we might call “labor's spatial fix” and so play an active role in the unevenly developed geography of capitalism. Examining how workers try to develop their own spatial fixes allows us to incorporate a more active sense of workers as geographical agents into understandings of the production of space under capitalism. Recognizing that workers' efforts to create “labor's spatial fix” are significant allows us to theorize how workers attempt to make space as an integral part of their social existence (a Labor Geography) and so to write less capital-oriented economic geographies.
Enhanced uptake and modified distribution of mercury(II) by fulvic acid on the muscovite (001) surface.

Evidence is increasing for the mobility and bioavailability of aqueous mercury(II) species being related to the interactions of mercury with dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, we assess the rela...
The Relationships Among Students' Future-Oriented Goals and Subgoals, Perceived Task Instrumentality, and Task-Oriented Self-Regulation Strategies in an Academic Environment

The authors performed path analysis, followed by a bootstrap procedure, to test the predictions of a model explaining the relationships among students' distal future goals (both extrinsic and intrinsic), their adoption of a middle-range subgoal, their perceptions of task instrumentality, and their proximal task-oriented self-regulation strategies. The model was based on R. B. Miller and S. J. Brickman's (2004) conceptualization of future-oriented motivation and self-regulation, which draws primarily from social-cognitive and self-determination theories. Participants were 421 college students who completed a questionnaire that included scales measuring the 5 variables of interest. Data supported the model, suggesting that students' distal future goals (intrinsic future goals in particular) may be related to their middle-range college graduation subgoal, to their perceptions of task instrumentality, and to their adoption of proximal task-oriented self-regulation strategies.
Rationalism at the School of Chartres

As a belief in the subservience of faith to reason, rationalism is perhaps unique to the modern world and is certainly alien to that period of time we refer to as the Middle Ages. But as a belief in the compatibility of faith and reason and as a confidence in man's ability to understand himself and the world rationally, rationalism has played a much larger role in the development of Western Civilization. A number of significant works attacking the portrayal of the Middle Ages as a monolithic "Age of Faith" have found that this latter type of rationalism played an important role in medieval thought. Most of" these studies have concentrated on the importance of reason in the Aristotelian-based philosophy of the thirteenth-century scholastics.1 The most important comments about medieval rationalism before the "rediscovery of Aristotle" have focused on Peter Abelard, who is sometimes praised and sometimes criticized for his reliance on reason.2 The writings of the scholars associated with the School of
A MacCormack scheme for incompressible flow

Abstract MacCormack's explicit predictor-corrector scheme is extended for incompressible flow on marker-and-cell grids. Cell-centered velocities are first constructed by taking a normal velocity component from one of two possible cell faces for each coordinate direction. The predictor phase then proceeds in the usual manner employed for cell-centered grids. Central differencing is used for diffusion terms, and one-sided differencing (in the same direction as the face-to-center velocity transfer) is used for advective terms. At the end of the predictor phase, cell-centered velocity increments are transferred back to the cell faces from which the normal velocity components were taken, and the pressure is adjusted to enforce conservation of mass. The corrector phase follows the same pattern, but the directions for the face-to-center velocity transfer and the one-sided differencing are the reverse of those in the predictor. The extended MacCormack method requires only one control volume to be defined for each grid cell. This affords the convenience of a cell-centered scheme with the tight mass conservation of a staggered grid. Computed results are presented for a straight channel, a driven cavity, a backstep, and a circular cylinder.
Micro/Nano-particle Manipulation and Adhesion Studies

In this paper recent progress in micro/nano-particle manipulation and particle–substrate adhesion studies is reviewed. Various particle manipulation and particle–substrate adhesion measurement techniques are summarized. An atomic force microscope (AFM) is the most commonly used tool for particle manipulation, and there are also some custom-made devices that employ different interactions such as van der Waals, electrostatic and capillary forces to manipulate micro/nano-particles. In particle–substrate adhesion study, the contact-based measurement techniques such as pull-off test and lateral push test explore the adhesion between a single particle and a substrate, while non-contact adhesion measurement techniques such as electric field detachment and centrifugal detachment methods simultaneously explore the adhesion properties of a group of particles. Also reviewed are recent studies on factors that affect the particle–substrate adhesion, including surface roughness, electrostatic charge and relative humidity.
Fort Clark and Its Indian Neighbors: A Trading Post on the Upper Missouri. By W. Raymond Wood, William J. Hunt Jr., and Randy H. Williams. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011. Pp. xvii, 317. $34.95.)

This reviewer has on his personal library shelves three categories of books: tomes with only briefly perused pages, volumes with neatly underlined passages, and books so insightful and informative ...
Predicting the risk of death following coronary artery bypass graft made simple: a retrospective study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Risk models to predict 30-day mortality following isolated coronary artery bypass graft is an active area of research. Simple risk predictors are particularly important for cardiothoracic surgeons who are coming under increased scrutiny since these physicians typically care for higher risk patients and thus expect worse outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop a 30-day postoperative mortality risk model for patients undergoing CABG using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Data was extracted and analyzed from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Files (2005–2010). Patients that had ischemic heart disease (ICD9 410–414) undergoing one to four vessel CABG (CPT 33533–33536) were selected. To select for acquired heart disease, only patients age 40 and older were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to create a risk model. The C-statistic and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used to evaluate the model. Bootstrap-validated C-statistic was calculated. A total of 2254 cases met selection criteria. Forty-nine patients (2.2%) died within 30 days. Six independent risk factors predictive of short-term mortality were identified including age, preoperative sodium, preoperative blood urea nitrogen, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, dyspnea at rest, and history of prior myocardial infarction. The C-statistic for this model was 0.773 while the bootstrap-validated C-statistic was 0.750. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test had a p-value of 0.675, suggesting the model does not overfit the data. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk model has good discrimination for 30-day mortality following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The model employs six independent variables, making it easy to use in the clinical setting.
EFFECT OF RACE & NORMAL MATERNAL DIET ON BREAST MILK VITAMIN D CONCENTRATIONS

Differences in breast milk (BM) vitamin D by race and the influence of maternal vitamin D intake, in ranges normally consumed, on BM D have not been reported. We hypothesized that BM D or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were decreased in blacks, because of decreased skin production of D vs whites, and correlated with maternal D intake; and infant serum 25OHD is related to BM D content. All infants were less than 6 mos. and exclusively breastfed. BM and serum samples, and 3-d diet diaries, were obtained from 25 mother-infant pairs. D was purified by organic extraction and chromatography; metabolites were quantitated by ligand binding assay and HPLC . Mean total bioactivity from BM D and 25OHD was 51 IU/1 with 25OHD contributing 77% (D 25 pg/ml = 1 IU/1, 25OHD 5 pg/ml = 1 IU/1). Mean (95% confidence) BM D concentrations for white and black mothers were 662 (400-1094) and 112 (61-206) pg/ml resp (t-test p<.001); BM 25OHD concentrations were 212 (171-263) and 156 (140-175) pg/ml (p=.03). BM D2, D3, and 25OHD3 metabolites differed by race (p=.002, p<.001, and p=.03 resp); 25OHD2 did not differ by race. BM D (r=.57, p=.005), but not 25OHD (p=.24) correlated with vitamin D intake (=457, range 0-706 IU/d). BM D2 was correlated with D intake (r=.55, p=.006) even after control for race by multiple regression; BM D3 was not correlated with D intake with race controlled. Infant serum 25OHD did not correlate with BM D or 25OHD (p=.11 & p=.33). Thus, black mothers have lower breast milk D2, D3, and 25OHD3 than white mothers; breast milk D, in particular D2, correlated with D intake in ranges normally consumed; infant serum 25OHD was not correlated with breast milk D or 25OHD.
Corticoid and salicylate induction of gastric acid secretion in the vagotomized rat

An der narkotisierten Ratte wurde bei submukoser Anwendung der Einfluss von acetylsalicylischer Saure und Hydrokortisonacetat auf die Sekretion von Salzsaure in normalen und vagotomierten Tieren untersucht. Beide Stoffe hatten bei allen Tieren eine anregende Wirkung auf die Absonderung von Magensaure, die durch lokale Anwendung von Atropin gehemmt werden konnte. Es scheint wahrscheinlich, dass der ulcerogene Effekt von Salicylaten und Kortizoiden zumindest teilweise auf die direkte Stimulation des intramuralen Nervenplexus zuruckzufuhren ist.
Comparison of microscopic and macroscopic instabilities in a class of two-dimensional periodic composites

Abstract O f interest in the present work is the quantitative comparison between the microscopic and the corresponding macroscopic failure in a two-dimensional elastic medium with known periodic microstructure. This comparison establishes theoretical limits for the validity for the averaged (homogenized) response of microstructured elastic media. Attention is focussed on an approximation of a fiber reinforced composite modeled as an infinite periodic grillage of axially compressed beams with an average shear stiffness. The particular beam model was chosen so that the problem would be analytically tractable, yet of sufficient complexity to exhibit nontrivial microscopic and macroscopic failure modes. A comparison of the stresses at the onset of the microscopic failure (taken to be the first bifurcation away from the principal periodic solution) to the stresses at the onset of the macroscopic failure (which corresponds to the loss of ellipticity for the incremental response of the homogenized model) allows one to identify whether the first failure mode, also termed the critical mode, is local (microscopic) or global (macroscopic) in nature. An extensive investigation of the influence of various model parameters on the failure modes of the composite has been undertaken. The results obtained show the importance of the interstitial stiffness in deciding the nature of the critical mode. The presentation is concluded by a discussion of the results with suggestions for future work.
Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Mice May Cause E-Cadherin Repression through Hypoxia Induced Pathway

Purpose: Posterior urethral valves are the most common cause of partial bladder outlet obstruction in the pediatric population. Posterior urethral valves is a devastating clinical problem that ultimately results in urinary incontinence, neurogenic bladder and renal impairment. Despite improvements in medical and surgical management at least a third of patients with this condition progress to end stage renal disease and half will have problems with urinary incontinence. To achieve better understanding of the mechanism associated with clinical events we generated partial bladder outlet obstruction in male mice. In this model we investigated pathological consequences and underlying molecular mechanisms secondary to partial bladder outlet obstruction.Materials and Methods: Five to 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into a surgical obstruction group and a sham operated group that served as controls. Bladders and kidneys were harvested from each group 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days postoperatively, respectively. ...
Existence and boundedness of solutions of abstract nonlinear integrodifferential equations of nonconvolution type

Abstract Existence and boundedness theorems are given for solutions of nonlinear integrodifferential equations of type d dt u(t) + Bu(t) + ∝ 0 t a(t, s) Au(s) ds ϵ f(t) (t > 0) , (1.1) u (0) = u 0 , Here A and B are nonlinear, possibly multivalued, operators on a Banach space W and a Hilbert space H , where W ⊆ H . The function f (0, ∞) → H and the kernel a ( t , s ): R × R → R are known functions. The results of this paper extend the results of Crandall, Londen, and Nohel [4] for equation (1.1). They assumed the kernel to be of the type a ( t , s ) = a ( t − s ). We relax this assumption and obtain similar results. Examples of kernels satisfying the conditions we require are given in section 4.
Chance‐constrained model predictive control

This work focuses on robustness of model-predictive control with respect to satisfaction of process output constraints. A method of improving such robustness is presented. The method relies on formulating output constraints as chance constraints using the uncertainty description of the process model. The resulting on-line optimization problem is convex. The proposed approach is illustrated through a simulation case study on a high-purity distillation column. Suggestions for further improvements are made.
Racial self-identification and self-concept by means of unobtrusive measures.

Summary The relationship between self-designated racial labeling and indirect assessment of self-esteem was investigated through the use of unobtrusive measures. Archival data were collected from the 1971–1973 tenant files of a low rent public housing authority in the state of Florida, U.S.A. Usable data were obtained from 145 tenants who identified themselves as either black, colored, or Negro. On the basis of univariate and multivariate analysis, it was concluded, as predicted, that tenants who identified themselves as “black” differed from those using the term “Negro” or “colored” on a number of dimensions including age, earned income, employment, and reliance on welfare payments.
The use of parachute drogues in the measurement of subsurface ocean currents

A technique for the measurement of subsurface currents is described in which a standard parachute is used at depth as a sea anchor for a small surface float. By tracing a series of drogues set at various depths, a current profile may be obtained. Hydrodynamic corrections (amounting to about ten per cent of the shear) have been computed and other refinements incorporated which make this a feasible method for measuring the main structure of the major ocean currents down to depths where the current is five to ten per cent that of the surface current.
DNA mismatch repair proficiency executing 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells

Background: 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Several groups including ours have reported that stage II-III colorectal cancer patients whose tumors retain DNA Mismatch repair (MMR) function derive a benefit from 5FU, but patients with tumors that lost MMR function do not. Although, MMR recognition of 5FU incorporated in DNA has been demonstrated biochemically, it has not been demonstrated within cells to execute 5FU cytotoxicity.Aim: To establish an efficient construction model for 5FU within DNA and demonstrate that 5FU incorporated into DNA can trigger cellular cytotoxicity executed by the DNA MMR system.Methods: We constructed a 5FdU-containing heteroduplex plasmid (5FdU plasmid) and 5FdU-containing linear dsDNA (5FdU linear DNA), and transfected these into MMR-proficient, hMLH1-/- and hMSH6-/- cells. We observed cell growth characteristics of both transfectants for 5FU-induced cytotoxicity.Results: MMR- proficient cel...
Les biomarqueurs émergents du diagnostic, du staging et du pronostic du cancer de la prostate

Resume L’introduction et l’adoption generalisee du prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ont revolutionne la facon dont le cancer de la prostate est diagnostique et traite. Toutefois, l’utilisation du PSA a egalement conduit au sur-diagnostic et au sur-traitement de ce cancer, resultant dans une controverse sur son utilisation pour le depistage. Le PSA presente egalement des limites dans la prevision des resultats apres traitement et ne permet pas de guider assez precisement la prise de decision clinique sur les traitements adjuvants et de sauvetage. L’utilisation de formes derivees du PSA n’a pas totalement permis d’ameliorer la valeur predictive du PSA et de nouveaux biomarqueurs ont ainsi emerge (kallicreine humaine 2, early prostate cancer antigen , transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-6, Endoglin, PCA3, AMACR et fusions de gene ERG.) Ces biomarqueurs se sont reveles tres prometteurs dans les premieres etudes realisees et sont a des stades differents de developpement. Dans cet article, nous revenons sur les differents biomarqueurs existants et nous discutons des defis auxquels doit repondre un biomarqueur avant d’etre approuve dans un usage clinique.
Exchange energy representations in computational micromagnetics

Abstract In order to solve Brown's equations, which describe a continuous medium, computational micromagnetic modeling requires a discrete representation of the magnetization M(r) , and a discrete representation of the derivatives of M(r) must be chosen. This choice may be made through an explicit choice of interpolation or through the choice of numerical representation of Brown's equations. In this paper we describe some alternative representations of the exchange energy on a square 2-D grid, and test these representations through comparison with analytical results for magnetization spirals and with simulations testing vortex and domain wall mobility.
SCALES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF INNOVATIVENESS

This paper reports the results of the development of a self-report measure of innovative-ness. The utility of such an instrument in human communication research is discussed, together with issues relating to its reliability, validity, and association with social desirability.
Alphafetoprotein is not a component of the 8 S estradiol receptor from the immature mouse uterus or brain.

Abstract The hypothesis that alphafetoprotein (AFP) could be a constituent of the estradiol receptor in the uterus and brain of the immature mouse has been tested. Cytosols prepared from 2 week-old mice were depleted of AFP by immunoadsorption with a Sepharose-coupled anti-mouse AFP antiserum. Aliquots of these cytosols containing nondetectable levels of APP by RIA were then brought to 0.4 M KC1 to convert 8 S estradiol receptors to the 4–5 S forms, reacted either with anti-AFP or with a control anti-IgG immunoadsorbent, labeled with 3H-estradiol, and centrifuged on glycerol gradients. There was no, or very little, loss of estradiol receptors in the experimental as compared to the control cytosols indicating that APP is not a constituent of the 8 S estradiol receptor.
Substrate Discrimination among Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases through Distinct Docking Sequence Motifs

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate cellular responses to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. MAPK signal transduction cascades are tightly regulated, and individual MAPKs display exquisite specificity in recognition of their target substrates. All MAPK family members share a common phosphorylation site motif, raising questions as to how substrate specificity is achieved. Here we describe a peptide library screen to identify sequence requirements of the DEF site (docking site for ERK FXF), a docking motif separate from the phosphorylation site. We show that MAPK isoforms recognize DEF sites with unique sequences and identify two key residues on the MAPK that largely dictate sequence specificity. Based on these observations and computational docking studies, we propose a revised model for MAPK interaction with substrates containing DEF sites. Variations in DEF site sequence requirements provide one possible mechanism for encoding complex target specificity among MAPK isoforms.
Fundamental Properties of the CH···O Interaction: Is It a True Hydrogen Bond?

Ab initio calculations are used to analyze the CH···O interaction between FnH3-nCH as proton donor and H2O, CH3OH, and H2CO as acceptor. The interaction is quite weak with CH4 as donor but is enhanced by 1 kcal/mol with each F added to the donor. The CH···O interaction behaves very much like a conventional OH···O H-bond in most respects, including shifts in electron density that accompany the formation of the bond and the magnitudes of the various components of the interaction energy. The two sorts of H-bonds also gravitate toward a similar equilibrium geometry and are comparably sensitive to deformations from that structure. In a quantitative sense, while both CH···O and OH···O prefer a linear configuration, the former is somewhat more easily bent and is less sensitive to stretches from its equilibrium H-bond length. Whereas the OH bond has been shown to stretch and undergo a red shift in its vibrational frequency upon formation of a H-bond, the CH bond of the molecules studied here follows the opposite ...
Male reproductive parasitism: a factor in the africanization of European honey-bee populations

Africanized drone honey bees (Apis mellifera) migrate into European honey-bee colonies in large numbers, but Africanized colonies only rarely host drones from other colonies. This migration leads to a strong mating advantage for Africanized bees since it both inhibits European drone production and enhances Africanized drone production.
Oncologic efficacy of anatomic segmentectomy in stage IA lung cancer patients with T1a tumors.

Background Segmentectomy provides an anatomic, parenchymal-sparing strategy for patients with limited lung function. Recently, interest has been renewed in segmentectomy for the treatment of early stage lung cancer. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all patients undergoing segmentectomy from January 1999 through December 2004. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results There were 113 consecutive patients (58 men, 55 women); median age was 72.5 years (range, 30 to 94 years). Median forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 1.53 L (range, 0.5 L to 3.27 L). Median diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide was 69% predicted (range, 23% to 129%). Significant comorbidities were present in 62 patients (55%). There was no perioperative mortality. Major morbidity occurred in 28 patients (25%). Mean tumor size was 2.1 cm. Resection margins were negative in all cases. Ninety-two patients (81%) were stage I. Overall 5-year survival was 79% for stage IA patients. Current smoking, diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide less than 69%, tumor size greater than 2 cm, N2 disease, and advanced histology grade were associated with decreased survival by univariate analysis. In a multivariate model, only tumor size greater than 2 cm remained significant. Tumor recurrence was observed in 39 patients (35%): local in 17 patients (15%) and distant only in 22 (20%). For stage IA patients with T1a lesions, local recurrence was 5% and distant recurrence was 13%. Five-year recurrence-free survival of these patients was 69%. Conclusions Pulmonary segmentectomy can be performed safely in selected patients with preoperative reduced lung function and comorbidities. For stage IA disease, survival approximates that seen after lobectomy, with similar local recurrence rates for patients with T1a tumors.
RNA and protein synthesis in preimplantation rabbit embryos

Abstract A phenol-sodium dodecyl sulfate procedure has been used to extract DNA, RNA, and protein from 3-, 4.5-, and 6.5-day-old preimplantation rabbit embryos that were incubated for different lengths of time in the presence of labeled precursors. The results suggest that the newly-synthesized RNA and protein are more stable in the growing blastocyst than in the trophoblast at the time of implantation. This conclusion was derived from the results of embryo incorporation kinetics. The results also suggest that the increase in protein and RNA content in preimplantation rabbit blastocysts was preceded by an increase in protein synthesis accompanied by low catabolism.
Characteristics of Flow Past a Symmetric Airfoil at Low Reynolds Number: A Nonlinear Perspective

Flow separation in airfoils have been extensively studied to analyze the underlying physics of the phenomenon. The phenomenon being nonlinear requires tools to reveal various features involving stall, bifurcation, and transition to chaos. In this study, we perform numerical simulations of the flow past a symmetric airfoil (NACA-0012) at 1,000 Reynolds number to compute the aerodynamic forces at different angles of attack (α). The time histories and spectral analysis reveal important features of nonlinear behavior in the flow around the airfoil. We find that the steady state temporal solutions for aerodynamic forces; lift and drag, contain both odd and even harmonics which indicate the presence of quadratic as well as cubic nonlinearity in the system. These results also help to understand nonlinear behavior of the system as a function of α. Considering the angle of attack for airfoil as a control parameter, we observe that to achieve the static stall, flow becomes chaotic adopting a route through period-doubling and quasi-periodic regimes. Using phase portraits and Poincare maps between the states of the system, period-doubling is observed in this nonlinear system at α = 22° leading to chaos at α = 27°.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Board interlock networks and the use of relative performance evaluation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how networks of boards of directors affect relative performance evaluation (RPE) in chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors propose that an interlocking network is an important inter-corporate setting, which has a bearing on whether boards decide to use RPE in CEO compensation. They adopt four typical graph measures to depict the centrality/position of each board in the interlock network: degree, betweenness, eigenvector and closeness, and study their impacts on RPE use. Findings – The authors find that firms that have more connected board members and whose board members are connected to better connected firms are more likely to reward their CEOs contingent on their peers’ performance, indicating that information transmission along the board interlock network facilitates the adoption of RPE. This result is robust to alternative measures for board interlock networks and various types of CEO compen...
Boundary integral equations for analyzing the flow of a chopped fiber reinforced polymer compound in compression molding

Abstract The flow of a chopped fiber reinforced polymer compound during compression molding is analyzed as a transient moving boundary problem. A special boundary integral formulation is used to calculate flow front velocities. The derivation involves the determination of fundamental solutions for the newly developed equations of motion. A generalized Green's formula is used in conjunction with these solutions to produce the final expressions which incorporate the boundary tractions and velocities directly. The major advantage in adopting a boundary integral approach is that there is no need to solve for interior pressures and velocities. This makes it possible to avoid costly remeshing which can occur with other methods that involve discretization of the entire material region. When required, interior pressures and velocities can be recovered after the solution on the boundary has been determined. The recovery process is relatively straightforward and efficient, since it involves only one-dimensional quadrature. An approximate boundary element representation of the basic integral equations is used to predict flow front progression for elliptical and rectangular charges. Based on a comparison with available analytic solutions for the elliptical charges, we conclude that the method performs well over the entire range of physical and geometric parameters. A furter examination of numerical solutions shows that practical convergence can be obtained for both quadratic and constant boundary elements with moderate mesh spacings.
The return of Dr Fritz: Spiritist healing and patronage networks in urban, industrial Brazil

This paper describes surgeries and other healings performed without antiseptics and anesthesia by two Brazilian spiritist healers. The beliefs of spiritism and its treatment modalities are outlined. The role of hypnosis in healing is discussed. Finally the socio-cultural context within which the healing takes place is examined to show that spiritist healers are reconstructing networks of patronage and dependency similar to those of traditional Brazilian society that provide meaning and security for the ill in the midst of disruptive urbanization and modernization.
Is syncope a risk factor for poor outcomes? comparison of patients with and without syncope

Objective To determine whether syncope, independent of underlying comorbidities, is associated with increased mortality or other cardiovascular outcomes. Patients and methods A prospective Cohort study of patients with syncope and a group of patients without syncope matched with respect to age, gender, site of care (inpatient/ outpatient) and a cardiac disease index at an urban university medical center. Overall mortality, cardiac mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, and occurrence of syncope within 1 year of study enrollment were compared between the groups with Kaplan-Meier rates and Mantel-Cox statistics. Results The characteristics of 470 patients with syncope and the matched patients without syncope were similar except that the patients without syncope had more cardiac diseases than those with syncope ( P = 0.002). Patients with and without syncope had similar rates of 1-year overall mortality (9% versus 11%, P = 0.29) and cardiac mortality (3% versus 6%, P = 0.08). In multivariate analyses, syncope was not a significant predictor of overall or cardiac mortality, but male gender, age >55 years, and congestive heart failure were. One-year rates for other cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest with survival, and cerebrovascular events) in patients with syncope were similar to those in patients without syncope ( P ≥ 0.2 for all comparisons). Patients with syncope had a 20.2% recurrence rate in 1 year as compared with a 2.1% rate for new syncope in patients without prior syncope ( P Conclusions Syncope itself is not a risk factor for increased overall and cardiac mortality or cardiovascular events. Underlying heart diseases are risk factors for mortality regardless of whether the patient has syncope or not. The major focus of the evaluation of patients with syncope should be to identify and treat underlying heart diseases.
Treatment of symptomatic nonachalasia esophageal motor disorders with botulinum toxin injection at the lower esophageal sphincter

The purpose of this study was to determine if botulinum toxin injection at the lower esophageal sphincter improves symptoms in patients with nonachalasia spastic esophageal motility disorders. Fifteen patients with nonachalasia spastic esophageal motility disorders (diffuse esophageal spasm, nonspecific esophageal motility disorders, and lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction) unresponsive to medical therapy underwent endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin at the level of the gastroesophageal junction. Symptoms were scored (0 = no symptoms, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe and 4 = very severe) before treatment, at seven days and every 30 days after treatment. There was significant improvement in chest pain, dysphagia, and regurgitation at 7,30,60 and 90 days after treatment. At one month after treatment, 11 of 15 (73%) patients had a good or excellent response to treatment. At the last patient interview (mean follow-up of 10.6 months), five (33%) patients continued to have a good to excellent response, whereas 10 (67%) underwent subsequent treatment with repeat botulinum toxin, pneumatic dilation, or bougienage. We conclude that botulinum toxin injection at the gastroesophageal junction leads to significant symptom improvement in patients with nonachalasia esophageal motility disorders. These results suggest that botulinum toxin may be an effective treatment option in some of these patients not responsive to conventional medical therapy.
The Epidemiology of Alcohol Consumption in Spain

This paper is a comprehensive review of the available information about alcohol consumption in Spain. Alcohol use is the most severe drug problem among both young people and adults; almost half the Spanish population drink daily, and more than a fourth drink a quantity of alcohol sufficient to cause health problems in the long term. The consumption of alcohol may be considered to be culturally rooted when compared with other drug use which follows a more recent epidemic pattern. For those who use other drugs, for example cannabis and cocaine, alcohol is commonly used in conjunction. Clearly the level of alcohol use and abuse is high in Spain and constitutes a severe public health and socioeconomic problem.
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND RECURRENCE RATES OF STAGE T1C VERSUS T2A OR T2B PROSTATE CANCER

AbstractPurpose: We compare clinicopathological features, and cancer recurrence and survival rates in men with stage T1c versus T2a or T2b prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: From 1988 through 1998, 1 surgeon (W. J. C.) performed radical retropubic prostatectomy in 1,620 men with a mean age plus or minus standard deviation of 62.3 +/− 7 years. Clinical stage was T1c in 39%, T2a in 22% and T2b in 39% of patients. Patients were followed with semiannual prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurement and annual digital rectal examination. Serum total PSA greater than 0.3 ng./ml., histologically confirmed local tumor recurrence or distant metastases were considered evidence of cancer recurrence. Simple univariate statistics were used to compare clinical and pathological features by clinical stage, and multivariate Cox models were used to compare 5-year recurrence-free probabilities. The 5-year all cause and disease specific survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates.Results: Mean...
Spatial variability of137Cs and the influence of sampling on estimates of sediment redistribution

Abstract The principal objectives of this study were to assess the spatial variability of 137 Cs within a cultivated field, and to examine the influence of grid size and positioning on estimates of sediment redistribution. A 11 × 11 grid (6.25 ha) was sampled in a gently sloping cultivated field in central Saskatchewan, Canada. The mean 137 Cs areal activity in the cultivated field was 1910 Bq m −2 , with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 28%. Spatial variability within the cultivated field was 55% greater than that in a nearby undisturbed (native) field, and this was assumed to result from the combination of wind erosion, localized water erosion, and possibly tillage redistribution. Lag one serial correlation was noted for two cultivated transects, and one downslope transect showed a positive linear relationship between 137 Cs activity and distance. Therefore, estimation of an average 137 Cs areal activity based on only one 11-point transect in the cultivated field was inappropriate, and a sample size of 32 would be required to estimate the population mean with 95% confidence and an allowable error of ±10%. In the cultivated field redistribution of 137 Cs was used to assess sediment redistribution over the past 35 years. Sample locations in the cultivated field with 137 Cs areal activities less than the lower 95% confidence limit of the mean for the undisturbed field were considered to be eroded, while locations with activities greater than the upper 95% confidence limit were considered to be depositional. The cultivated grid was subdivided into four 6 × 6 grids to determine the influence of grid size and positioning on sediment redistribution. Statistical tests indicated that there were no significant differences between grids, and it was concluded that a 6 × 6 grid provided an optimal sample size, regardless of position, to assess the relative degradation of the cultivated field.
Laser application to part number printing and reading

Abstract A technique for generating very durable part identification is described. Identification is both man and machine readable. For automatic recognition of part numbers a very simple encoding method is discussed.
Children who are cruel to animals

Eighteen cases of children who raised concern because of their cruelty to animals were reviewed. The results revealed that they were all boys, usually young (average age 91/2), and of normal intelligence, and that they showed many other aggressive symptoms, such as destructiveness, bullying, fighting, stealing, and fire setting. Etiologic factors ranged from strictly biologic factors (Organic Brain Syndrome) to strictly environmental factors or to a combination of psycho-bio-social factors. The chaotic home with aggressive parental models was the most common factor.
Tissue Residues, Metabolism, and Excretion of Radiolabeled Sodium Chlorate (Na[36Cl]O3) in Rats

A novel preharvest technology that reduces certain pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of food animals involves feeding an experimental sodium chlorate-containing product (ECP) to animals 24−72 h prior to slaughter. To determine the metabolism and disposition of the active ingredient in ECP, four male Sprague−Dawley (∼350 g) rats received a single oral dose of sodium [36Cl]chlorate (3.0 mg/kg body weight). Urine, feces, and respired air were collected for 72 h. Radiochlorine absorption was 88−95% of the administered dose, and the major excretory route was the urine. Parent chlorate was the major species of radiochlorine present in urine at 6 h (∼98%) but declined sharply by 48 h (∼10%); chloride was the only other species of radiochlorine detected. Except for carcass remains (4.6% of dose), skin (3.2%), and gastrointestinal tract (1.3%), remaining tissues contained relatively low quantities of radioactivity, and >98% of radiochlorine remaining in the liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle was c...
Managing complex project process models with a process architecture framework

Abstract Especially in large, complex projects, various aspects of process (activity network) information reside in separate models and diagrams that can become unsynchronized over time. Prior research has introduced the concept of a process architecture framework (PAF), which provides a solution by tying all the models and diagrams together in a single, rich process model with many views, where each view presents a subset of model information. This paper advances that work by (1) proposing an expandable PAF structure that organizes 27 + new and existing views, (2) suggesting examples of three new views that align well with specific concerns of users, and (3) presenting insights to guide the development of new views. Thus, this paper takes further steps towards the development of a PAF that provides at once both simplicity and completeness for project managers and other users of process models and project management information systems.
Comparison of direct immunofluorescence, modified acid-fast staining, and enzyme immunoassay techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium spp in naturally exposed kittens.

Objective—To evaluate a modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining technique (mZN), a direct immunofluorescence detection procedure (DIF), and 3 commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal specimens from kittens. Design—Prospective study. Sample Population—416 fecal specimens collected from 104 randomly selected domestic shorthair kittens (8 to 16 weeks of age) that were naturally exposed to Cryptosporidium spp. Procedure—Fresh fecal specimens were collected once daily for 4 consecutive days and processed immediately. Sensitivities of mZN, DIF, and 3 commercial EIAs (EIA-1, EIA-2, and EIA-3) were estimated and compared. Results—EIA-2 had the highest sensitivity on day 1 (89%), followed by EIA-1 (80%), and mZN (72%). EIA- 3 had the lowest sensitivity on day 1 (15%). EIA-2, EIA- 1, and mZN had similar sensitivities after 2 consecutive fecal examinations (approx 90%). Determination of specificities was compromised by the small number of cats that had negative result...
DISSOCIATION OF HEMAGGLUTINATING AND ANTIBODY-MEASURING CAPACITIES OF INFLUENZA VIRUS.

Preparations of Type B influenza virus, propagated in the embryonated egg and obtained in the form of allantoic fluid, were found after heating at 56°C. for 30 minutes to retain the capacity to agglutinate erythrocytes but no longer measured specific antibody when used as antigen in titrations of serum antibody. The dissociation of the two activities suggests the presence in such virus preparations of a complex virus antigen comprising, (1) a heat-stable component which agglutinates erythrocytes and reacts primarily with specific antibody; (2) a heat-labile component reacting with a factor of normal serum which ordinarily tends to inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of influenza virus. The relation of the reagents to other known serological activities of influenza virus is being studied.