cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of mixed-mode adhesive debonding

The repeatability of debond growth rates in adhesively bonded subjected to constant-amplitude cyclic loading was studied. Debond growth rates were compared from two sets of cracked-lap-shear specimens that were fabricated by two different manufacturers and tested in different laboratories. The fabrication method and testing procedures were identical for both sets of specimens. The specimens consisted of aluminum adherends bonded with FM-73 adhesive. Critical values of strain-energy-release rate were also determined from specimens that were monotonically loaded to failure. The test results showed that the debond growth rates for the two sets of specimens were within a scatter band which is similar to that observed in fatigue crack growth in metals. Cyclic debonding occurred at strain-energy-release rates that were more than an order of magnitude less than the critical strain-energy-release rate in static tests.
Design and evaluation of a real-time activity probe for focal adhesion kinase

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic cancers. Herein we describe the design, synthesis and optimization of a direct activity sensor for FAK and its application to screening FAK inhibitors. We find that the position of the sensing moiety, a phosphorylation-sensitive sulfonamido-oxine fluorophore, can dramatically influence the performance of peptide sensors for FAK. Real-time fluorescence activity assays using an optimized sensor construct, termed FAKtide-S2, are highly reproducible (Z' = 0.91) and are capable of detecting as little as 1 nM recombinant FAK. Utilizing this robust assay format, we define conditions for the screening of FAK inhibitors and demonstrate the utility of this platform using a set of well-characterized small molecule kinase inhibitors. Additionally, we provide the selectivity profile of FAKtide-S2 among a panel of closely related enzymes, identifying conditions for selectively monitoring FAK activity in the presence of off-target enzymes. In the long term, the chemosensor platform described in this work can be used to identify novel FAK inhibitor scaffolds and potentially assess the efficacy of FAK inhibitors in disease models.
A Note on the Relationship between Firm Size and Return in the Electric Utility Industry

Prior research has argued that given the well-documented inverse relationship between firm size and market returns, smaller utilities should be allowed to earn higher accounting rates of return than larger utilities. To test the validity of this argument, this study investigated the relationship between firm size and market returns in the electric utility industry for the period 1962 through 1985 and found no evidence of either a positive or negative size effect. Moreover, although market returns on utility stocks were found to be higher in January than in non-January months, this January effect was found to be unrelated to firm size. In short, this study found no evidence that allowable accounting rates of return should be adjusted by regulatory authorities to reflect a firm's size.
Ethnographic Field School Teaching and Learning in the Face of Societal Transformation: An Example from Rio de Janeiro

“Come to the street!” (“ Vem pra rua !”) This has been one of the most powerful slogans of protest since Brazilians in large numbers have begun to take to the streets in 2013 to make a variety of statements about corruption and government policies. The beginning of this recent protest movement, which has extended to all corners of Brazil, coincided almost exactly with the start of an ethnographic field school the first author directed and in which the co-authors participated in Rio de Janeiro. In this paper, we will discuss some of the unanticipated teaching and learning opportunities for anthropology students that came about as a result of these events. We will also discuss the implications for a model of experiential learning and student anthropological fieldwork in study abroad.
Load Balancing in Parallel Molecular Dynamics

Implementing a parallel molecular dynamics as a parallel application presents some unique load balancing challenges. Non-uniform distribution of atoms in space, along with the need to avoid symmetric redundant computations, produces a highly irregular computational load. Scalability and efficiency considerations produce further irregularity. Also, as the simulation evolves, the movement of atoms causes changes in the load distributions. This paper describes the use of an object-based, measurement-based load balancing strategy for a parallel molecular dynamics application, and its impact on performance.
Nonhomogeneous material milling using a robot manipulator with force controlled velocity

This paper deals with problems that arise when robot manipulators are used in milling workpieces with nonhomogeneous material. Damages to the cutting tool and workpiece would occur if the cutting speed is set incorrectly with respect to the characteristics of the tool and the hardness of the workpiece material. This concern is heightened when milling materials which are nonhomogenous where the tool drag can vary unpredictably. It is proposed in this paper that we solve the problem by employing a force controlled velocity (FCV) strategy to automatically adjust the cutting speed in response to the force exerted at the tool tip along the cutting path. The idea of FCV is accomplished by using a nonlinear function of both force and elapsed time in place of elapsed time when evaluating the robot trajectory equation. The effectiveness of this approach is confirmed by simulation and experimentation.
A Review of “My Thoughts Be Bloody: The Bitter Rivalry Between Edwin and John Wilkes Booth that Led to an American Tragedy”: Titone, Nora, New York: Free Press, 479 pp., $30.00, ISBN 978-1416586050, Publication Date: October 2010

The social drama had all the elements of a great Shakespearean tragedy: ambition and anguish, envy and betrayal, sibling rivalry gone mad. What propelled John Wilkes Booth to enter the most famous ...
Influence of nitrided and carbonitrided interlayers on enhanced nucleation of diamond on stainless steel 304

As previously reported by various investigators, interlayers may be a successful solution for the problem of depositing diamond on steel substrates. The properties of the interlayers have been found to have a strong effect on the initial stages of CVD diamond formation. In this paper, the effect of different nitrided steel phases has been investigated for enhancing nucleation on stainless steel 304 substrates. Carburization of the nitrided substrate surface during the initial stages of diamond deposition leads to the formation of chromium carbide and the resulting microstructure of the interface between substrate and diamond film is probably responsible for enhanced adhesion of the diamond film.
Histopathologic findings in temporomandibular joints of aged individuals

Twenty-four TMJs from well preserved 62- to 97-year-old human cadavers, 12 men and 12 women, were used in this study. The TMJs were routinely processed to identify (1) the histologic and histopathologic changes present in the articulations and (2) the components of the joint most frequently affected by these changes. The most significant histopathologic findings were (1) intense fibrocartilaginous proliferations of the condylar head and articular eminence linings, (2) neovascularization or myxomatoid degenerative changes in articular disks, and (3) proliferation of synovial villi, subsynovial tissue, and muscular fibers. The components of the joint most frequently affected were (1) the condylar head (30.4%), (2) the articular disk (21.7%), (3) the synovial lining (13%), (4) the articular eminence (8.6%), and (5) the lining of the articular fossa (4.3%). Five joints were considered to be within normal histologic limits, and one joint was excluded from the study because of metastatic malignancy.
Familiarity with breeding habitat improves daily survival in colonial cliff swallows

One probable cost of dispersing to a new breeding habitat is unfamiliarity with local conditions such as the whereabouts of food or the habits of local predators, and consequently immigrants may have lower probabilities of survival than more experienced residents. Within a breeding season, estimated daily survival probabilities of cliff swallows, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, at colonies in southwestern Nebraska, U.S.A., were highest for birds that had always nested at the same site, followed by those for birds that had nested there in some (but not all) past years. Daily survival probabilities were lowest for birds that were naive immigrants to a colony site and for yearling birds that were nesting for the first time. Birds with past experience at a colony site had monthly survival 8.6% greater than that of naive immigrants. Experienced residents did better than immigrants in colonies with fewer than 750 nests, but in colonies with more than 750 nests, naive immigrants paid no survival costs relative to experienced residents. Removal of nest ectoparasites by fumigation resulted in higher survival probabilities for all birds, on average, and diminished the differences between immigrants and past residents, probably by improving bird condition to the extent that effects of past experience were relatively less important and harder to detect. The greater survival of experienced residents could not be explained by condition or territory quality, suggesting that familiarity with a local area confers survival advantages during the breeding season for cliff swallows. Colonial nesting may help to moderate the cost of unfamiliarity with an area, probably through social transfer of information about food sources and enhanced vigilance in large groups.
Sporadic E-Region Ionization at Watheroo Magnetic Observatory 1938-1944

Characteristics of sporadic E (Es) at the Watheroo Magnetic Observatory, Western Australia, have been determined from continuous ionospheric recordings since June, 1938. Average diurnal curves show most frequent occurrence at night with maximum near midnight, local time, although there is a tendency for the most intense Es to occur during day hours. The seasonal features of Es already well established for the Northern Hemisphere have been confirmed for the Southern Hemisphere with a maximum of Es in local summer months. Annual trends show increasing values from 1938 to 1941 with decreasing values from 1941 through 1944. An upward trend is indicated for 1945, suggesting a minimum in 1944. This annual characteristic is significant in view of an apparent inverse relationship with sunspots in the Northern Hemisphere. Separate analyses were made of Es to determine 40- to 80-megacycle propagation conditions for a 1000-mile path in per cent of time for selected hours of November, 1941, which was the period of greatest Es activity. Results show 40-megacycle signals supported for 15 per cent of time, while 80-megacycle signals dropped to less than 1 per cent of time. As a test for solar origin of Es, the data were examined for recurrence tendencies in successive 27-day solar rotational periods. No pronounced recurrences of Es at 27-day intervals are apparent, from which it may be inferred that Es has no direct relationship with other recurrent solar phenomena such as sunspots and other centers of solar activity.
Limbic control of aggression in the cat

Over a decade of work by Flynn and colleagues has delineated a network of limbic circuits which function to modulate the expression of predatory aggression and defence in the cat, and aspects of this work are reviewed. In particular, Flynn's work revealed a circuit involving the basomedial amygdala which functions to suppress attack, and at the same time facilitates defence. A second circuit, involving the ventral hippocampus, is involved in attack facilitation. Studies relating stable differences in excitability in these two circuits to developmentally determined behavioural dispositions toward aggression or defence are summarized. Finally, the impact of experimentally induced limbic seizures on interictally maintained expression of aggression and defence behaviourally, and on limbic excitability are reviewed. Taken together, the data indicate that the behavioural balance of attack and defence is under the tonic control of opponent limbic circuits, which are themselves biased in a measureable manner. Developmental studies indicate that adult defensiveness is determined early in life, so early as to suggest some pre-programmed neuro-developmental process. Experimentally induced seizures alter behaviour lastingly, producing an increase in defensive disposition. At the same time there is an equally lasting potentiation of interictal transmission of neural activity from the amygdala to the hypothalamus. Moreover, seizures may reduce interictal transmission of activity through the ventral hippocampus by potentiating recurrent inhibition. These effects of seizures are of interest since seizures reproduce naturally occurring differences in limbic excitability seen in naturally defensive cats.
Effects of cholecystokinin on morphine-elicited hyperactivity in hamsters

Abstract The effects of the octapeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) on hamster locomotor activity were investigated in three experiments. In Experiment 1, the effect of CCK (25, 50, 75 μg/kg) on morphine (2.5 mg/kg)-elicited hyperactivity was studied. Results indicated that CCK antagonized morphine-elicited hyperactivity and that CCK alone elicited hypoactivity. There were no effects of dose of CCK. In Experiment 2, the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) and subcutaneous (SC) routes of administration of CCK (25 μg/kg) on locomotor activity were studied. Compared to saline controls, CCK induced hypoactivity that was of greater magnitude and of longer duration when administered IP than SC. Experiment 3 was designed to replicate the route of administration effect observed in Experiment 2 and to determine whether sensitization to CCK-induced hypoactivity develops over the course of a few injections. Results indicated that CCK-induced hypoactivity was greater after IP than SC administration but that sensitization was not detectable. It is concluded that CCK antagonizes morphine-elicited hyperactivity in the hamster by acting, in part, independently of morphine to produce opposite behavioral effects.
Moving the borders: multiculturalism and global citizenship in the German social studies classroom

Background: In many countries, working towards a truly inclusive national citizenship means deconstructing hegemonic structures that are deeply entrenched. Moving outside of the borders toward a global citizenship hints at giving up on what has been a long road toward multicultural citizenship. Abalance between including and empowering diverse populations within borders as a part of citizenship education is critical. Likewise, future citizens must be prepared to conceive of a borderless world and interact with cultures different from their own. Literature that empirically examines the relationship between global citizenship and multicultural citizenship is sparse. This paper explores this tension, using the case of Germany. Purpose: The overall aims of this study were to explore German teachers' valuesand beliefs about citizenship education in light of new citizenship and immigration laws, and in light of European and global influences, as well. Design/method/sample: A qualitative research design was empl...
Substrate-induced activation of maltose phosphorylase: Interaction with the anomeric hydroxyl group of α-maltose and α-D-glucose controls the enzyme's glucosyltransferase activity

Maltose phosphorylase, long considered strictly specific for beta-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate (beta-D-glucose 1-P), was found to catalyze the reaction beta-D-glucosyl fluoride + alpha-D-glucose----alpha-maltose + HF, at a rapid rate, V = 11.2 +/- 1.2 mumol/(min.mg), and K = 13.1 +/- 4.4 mM with alpha-D-glucose saturating, at 0 degrees C. This reaction is analogous to the synthesis of maltose from beta-D-glucose 1-P + D-glucose (the reverse of maltose phosphorolysis). In acting upon beta-D-glucosyl fluoride, maltose phosphorylase was found to use alpha-D-glucose as a cosubstrate but not beta-D-glucose or other close analogs (e.g., alpha-D-glucosyl fluoride) lacking an axial 1-OH group. Similarly, the enzyme was shown to use alpha-maltose as a substrate but not beta-maltose or close analogs (e.g., alpha-maltosyl fluoride) lacking an axial 1-OH group. These results indicate that interaction of the axial 1-OH group of the disaccharide donor or sugar acceptor with a particular protein group near the reaction center is required for effective catalysis. This interaction appears to be the means that leads maltose phosphorylase to promote a narrowly defined set of glucosyl transfer reactions with little hydrolysis, in contrast to other glycosylases that catalyze both hydrolytic and nonhydrolytic reactions.
Early and late arrhythmias in patients in preoperative sinus rhythm submitted to mitral valve surgery through the superior septal approach.

Abstract Background It has been hypothesized that the use of the superior septal approach to the mitral valve can lead to postoperative loss of sinus rhythm. This study was undertaken to evaluate the early and mid-term alterations of the cardiac rhythm in patients with preoperative sinus rhythm (SR) submitted to mitral valve surgery through the superior septal approach Methods Seventy-five cases in preoperative SR submitted to primary isolated mitral valve surgery through the superior septal approach constitute the study population. All patients underwent 12-lead electrocardiography on admission, every day after surgery until discharge and every year during the follow-up period. Results On admission in the intensive care unit, 46 cases maintained their preoperative rhythm, whereas 18 developed a junctional rhythm (JR) and 7 had a first- or second-degree atrio-ventricular block (AVB). Four cases arrived in the unit in atrial fibrillation (AF). On the first postoperative day, these proportions were substantially unchanged, with the only exception being a slight increase in the number of patients in AF. The day before discharge, only 35 of the 74 surviving cases maintained the preoperative SR, whereas 13 developed AF, 10 were in JR, and 16 were in AVB. During the follow-up period (mean, 26 ± 14 months), the majority of cases (47/74) regained SR; 11 patients had AVB, 3 were in JR, and the remaining 13 were in AF. Conclusions The use of the superior septal approach for mitral valve procedures in patients in preoperative SR is associated with minor, transient cardiac rhythm disturbances.
Ultrafast laser micromachining of silica aerogels

Silica aerogels are unique nanostructured materials that possess many distinctive qualities, including extremely low densities and thermal conductivities, very high surface-area-to-volume ratios, and large strength-to-weight ratios. Aerogels, however, are very brittle, and are not readily shaped using traditional machining operations. Ultrafast laser processing may provide an alternative for precision shaping and machining of these materials. This paper discusses investigations of ultrafast laser machining of aerogels for material removal and micromachining. The advantages of ultrafast laser processing include a minimal thermal penetration region and low processing temperatures, precision removal of material, and good-quality feature definition. In this work, an amplified femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system is used to investigate the breakdown threshold, material removal rate per pulse, and specific issues associated with laser processing of aerogels, as well as recommendations for further investigations for these unique materials.
Why do leaders nationalize the oil industry? The politics of resource expropriation

Why do leaders nationalize the oil industry? In line with a general utility-maximizing theory, I argue that leaders nationalize to maximize state revenues while minimizing costs. The latter includes international retaliation and domestic political constraints. Using a novel longitudinal dataset on the establishment of national oil companies (NOCs), the empirical evidence presented in this paper lends support to four primary findings. States are most likely to establish NOCs (1) in periods of high oil prices, when the risks of expropriation are outweighed by the financial benefits; (2) in non-democratic systems, where executive constraints are limited; (3) in “waves”, that is, after other countries have nationalized, reflecting reduced likelihood of international retaliation; and, though with weaker empirical support, (4) in political settings marked by resource nationalism. This last factor is proxied by OPEC membership in large-N analysis and, in a two-case comparison, by the difference in retained profits between the host and foreign governments. The theory and empirics presented here offer some clues for policy makers and multinational companies alike as to when to expect leaders to opt for nationalization.
Nucleophilic ring opening of diethyl 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylate using Na2Fe(CO)4· dioxane

Diethyl 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylate undergoes nucleophilic ring opening with Na2Fe(CO)4·32 dioxane under CO at room temperature to produce a variety of carbonylated products
Experimental reorganization of the cerebellar cortex. V. Effects of X‐irradiation schedules that allow or prevent cell acquisition after basket cells are formed

In Long-Evans rats the area of the cerebellum was X-irradiated with two schedules beginning on day 8 by which time the bulk of basket cells were formed. The shorter schedule of four successive daily doses of 200 r between 8-11 days was designed to allow some cell recovery, the longer schedule between 8-15 days was expected to prevent it. Neither of the schedules interfered with the differentiation of basket cells. Purkinje cells remained aligned in a monocellular layer and formed singularly long, upright stem dendrites which were surrounded by the descending collaterals of basket cell axons. This supported the hypothesis that the directed growth of Purkinje cell stem dendrite is promoted by morphogenic interaction with basket cells. The upright stem dendrites had few or no smooth branches where cell recovery was prevented or had few such branches where recovery occurred. It was postulated that the out-growth of smooth branches is dependent on interaction with stellate cells which form after the acquisition of basket cells. The absence or scarcity of smooth branches did not prevent the formation of spiny branchlets which grew downward to establish synaptic contacts with the spared parallel fibers of granule cells formed before the start of irradiation. In the group with some granule cell recovery, spiny branchlets grew to a limited extent upward into the pile of parallel fibers formed after the irradiation.
Palmitoylation cycles and regulation of protein function (Review)

The efficacy and success of many cellular processes is dependent on a tight orchestration of proteins trafficking to and from their site(s) of action in a time-controlled fashion. Recently, a dynamic cycle of palmitoylation/de-palmitoylation has been shown to regulate shuttling of several proteins, including the small GTPases H-Ras and N-Ras, and the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD65, between the Golgi compartment and either the plasma membrane or synaptic vesicle membranes. These proteins are peripheral membrane proteins that in the depalmitoylated state cycle rapidly on and off the cytosolic face of ER/Golgi membranes. Palmitoylation of one or more cysteines, by a Golgi localized palmitoyl transferase (PAT) results in trapping in Golgi membranes, and sorting to a vesicular pathway in route to the plasma membrane or synaptic vesicles. A depalmitoylation step by an acyl protein thioesterase (APT) releases the protein from membranes in the periphery of the cell resulting in retrograde trafficking back to Golgi membranes by a non-vesicular pathway. The proteins can then enter a new cycle of palmitoylation and depalmitoylation. This inter-compartmental trafficking is orders of magnitude faster than vesicular trafficking. Recent advances in identifying a large family of PATs, their protein substrates, and single PAT mutants with severe phenotypes, reveal their critical importance in development, synaptic transmission, and regulation of signaling cascades. The emerging knowledge of enzymes involved in adding and removing palmitate is that they provide an intricate regulatory network involved in timing of protein function and transport that responds to intracellular and extracellular signals.
Characterization of BrNO2, cis-BrONO, and trans-BrONO. Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry

The titled compounds are investigated using large one-particle basis sets in conjunction with the singles and doubles coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbational estimate of the effects of connected triple excitations, denoted CCSD(T). Accurate geometries, dipole moments, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and IR intensities are determined. Agreement with the available experimental data (which is limited to fundamental vibrational frequencies) is very good except for the Br−N stretching mode in BrNO2. Convincing theoretical and experimental arguments are presented which indicate that the experimental assignment for the Br−N fundamental is in error. Accurate isomerization energies are determined at the CCSD(T) level using spdfg one-particle basis sets. Comparison of ab initio results for the titled compounds with previously published ab initio results from the fluorine and chlorine analogs elucidates several trends involving equilibrium geometries, bonding characteristics, and relative energies. H...
Parenting Influences on the Social Goals of Aggressive Children

Although research has examined how parenting may influence children's social information processing, little research has examined how these factors may influence children's social goals. The current study examined how both parent- and child-reports of parenting behaviors were associated with regressed change in children's reported social goals over a one-year time period. Participants were 116 children (58.8% male), identified as being highly aggressive by their teachers in 4th grade, and their caregivers. Children's reports of positive parenting in 4th grade were positively associated with affiliation goals and negatively related to dominance and revenge goals in 5th grade, even after controlling for the corresponding goals in 4th grade. Additionally, parent-reported corporal punishment in 4th grade was positively related to dominance goals in 5th grade for boys, but not for girls. Results are discussed in terms of the possible ways that parenting may influence social goals.
Tuning Charge Transport at the Interface between Indium Phosphide and a Polypyrrole−Phosphomolybdate Hybrid through Manipulation of Electrochemical Potential

The temperature-dependent current−voltage and capacitance−voltage characteristics of interfaces between InP and a polypyrrole−phosphomolybdate hybrid material (PMH) are reported as a function of th...
Dopaminergic supersensitivity induced by denervation and chronic receptor blockade is additive

A persistent, severe reduction of synaptic transmission has been shown to enhance the responsiveness of postsynaptic tissue to the deficient neurotransmitter—a phenomenon called postjunctional supersensitivity1–4. Regardless of whether supersensitivity is induced by removal of presynaptic nerve terminals (denervation) or by chronic postsynaptic receptor blockade, qualitatively similar adaptations in peripheral autonomic targets are usually produced, suggesting that the two types of manipulation are interchangeable and that the postsynaptic molecular alterations they produce are identical2. Following bilateral destruction of dopamine-containing afferents to the nucleus accumbens in the rat, there is a pronounced behavioural hyperresponsiveness to direct dopamine agonists5–7. A remarkably similar situation develops after chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs8–10, such as haloperidol, which are known to be potent antagonists at putative dopamine receptors11–13. We report here that a combination of these two procedures unexpectedly leads to far greater dopaminergic supersensitivity than is observed with either treatment alone. In subjects with the combined treatments, the dopamine agonist apomorphine was more effective in tests of locomotor activation, and additive elevation of the Bmax for 3H-spiperone binding in the nucleus accumbens was observed. These results suggest that denervation and chronic exposure to receptor antagonists can lead to independent processes of postjunctional supersensitivity.
Monte Carlo simulation and SAFT modeling study of the solvation thermodynamics of dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol and 1-propanol in the ionic liquid trimethylbutylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Understanding fundamental solvation phenomena and mixture thermodynamic properties for organic molecules in ionic liquids is essential to the development of ionic liquids in many application areas. In the present work, molecular simulations were used to compute a wide range of properties for the pure ionic liquid trimethylbutylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as well as mixtures of this ionic liquid with ethanol, 1-propanol, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. A new force field for the ionic liquid was developed and validated by computing ionic liquid surface tension and density as a function of temperature. Force fields for ethanol and propanol were taken from the literature, while new force fields were developed for dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. These force fields were shown to yield vapor–liquid coexistence curves, vapor pressure curves and critical points in excellent agreement with experimental data. Absorption isotherms, enthalpies of mixing and mixture volumes were then computed and shown to agree well with available literature. The simulations help rationalize the observed trends in solubility and enthalpy of mixing in terms of the relative strength of hydrogen bonding between the solutes and the ionic liquid. It was found that the entropy of absorption plays a very important role in the solvation process. The PCIP-SAFT equation of state was able to fit the experimental data (or simulation results when experiments were unavailable) very accurately with only small adjustable binary interaction parameters.
Effect of Light Intensity on the Reflectance Readings of a Commercial Time-Temperature Indicator System

Abstract The effect of light intensity on reflectance readings of a LifeLines computerized time-temperature indicator system was studied. Indicator labels were scanned at six different light intensities. Almost duplicate mean reflectance readings were obtained with labels scanned under light intensity of 800 lx and below. Readings of labels scanned at 1000 and 2000 lx were significantly higher than those observed with labels viewed below 1000 lx. When labels were scanned under light intensity higher than 3000 lx, no reflectance readings could be determined. The experiments showed that the Life-Lines system, which consists of an optical bar code scanner, time-temperature indicator label, computer software for data analysis and telecommunication, and an IBM personal computer to process indicator data might not detect reliable reflectance readings when used in light greater than 1000 lx.
A Tribute to Professor Savio L.Y. Woo: A Superb Scholar and Great Leader in Bioengineering

It is a great pleasure and privilege for me to participate in the symposium in honor of Dr. Savio Woo’s 70th birthday. Professor Woo has had a truly outstanding career in bioengineering as a scholar and leader that has spanned four decades. He has superb intellectual capability and made full use of it by working with strong dedication, continuous innovation, and outstanding leadership, culminating in his truly remarkable career as a superb scholar and great leader in Bioengineering.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Cultural adaptation and information design: two contrasting views

Approaches to using visual language in a cultural context can be placed on a continuum, with global (universal) on one end and culture-focused on the other. Each approach reveals contrasting assumptions about three central design issues: perception, aesthetics and pragmatics. The global approach is characterized by attempts to invent an objective, universal visual language or to define such a language through perceptual principles and empirical research. The culture-focused perspective is founded on the principle that visual communication is intimately bound to experience and hence can function only within a given cultural context, to which designers must be sensitive. While the modernist, universal approach has been losing ground to the postmodern, culture-focused approach, the two complement each other in a variety of ways and, depending on the rhetorical situation, offer pragmatic benefits and drawbacks.
On the calculation of the largest eigenvalue of an integral equation

Two methods are given for obtaining computable bounds for the largest eigenvalue of a linear integral equation with a continuous, symmetric, and nonnegative kernel. Several numerical examples are presented.
Entamoeba histolytica: diaphorase activities.

Abstract Diaphorase (EC 1.6.99.2), which catalyzes the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, was observed in the soluble fraction of axenically cultivated trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica . At least two enzyme proteins are responsible for this activity; one with a high affinity for NADPH, the other with a low affinity for NADH and possibly also for NADPH. Activity was observed both polarographically with oxygen as the final acceptor, and spectrophotometrically with artificial electron acceptors. As determined polarographically, oxidation of the reduced nucleotides was greatly enhanced by vitamin K 3 . A fraction enriched in diaphorase was prepared from the soluble fraction of sonicated amoebae by acetone and ammonium sulfate precipitations. The diaphorase was not inhibited by cyanide or antimycin, but was inhibited by p -chloromercuribenzoate, n -methylmaleimide, and antimalarial drugs. Compounds which chelate metals, e.g., substituted butanediones, were more potent inhibitors. Only partial inhibition was obtained with dicoumarol. The inhibitor studies, together with data reported elsewhere, indicate that the amoebal diaphorase is an iron-sulfur fiavoprotein. Substituted benzoquinones and dichlorophenolindophenol were effective as electron acceptors; cytochrome c was ineffective. Amoebal diaphorase is similar to the analogous mammalian enzyme DT-diaphorase in its stimulation by vitamin K 3 and its reactions with artificial electron acceptors; however, it differs markedly in being composed of at least two enzyme proteins, and in its lesser sensitivity to the inhibitor dicoumarol. Bacterial diaphorase is severalfold more active with NADH than with NADPH, the reverse of results obtained with the amoebal enzyme. It is postulated that in E. histolytica , diaphorase functions sequentially with transhydrogenase to catalyze the oxidation of the reduced nicotinamide nucleotides aerobically. This may account for a major portion of the oxygen uptake observed with the amoeba.
Cultivating cultural diversity in information technology

Introducing CMD-IT, a new center focused on synergistic activities related to ethnic minorities and people with disabilities.
Principal-agent theory in complex operations

Originally developed for identifying costs of coordination between labor and management in economics, principal-agent theory challenged traditional explanations for friction in political relations,...
On the computation of stress intensities at fixed-free corners

Abstract A path independent integral formula is developed for the computation of the intensity of the stress singularity at a right corner where one edge is rigidly fixed and the other is free of traction. Numerical results are presented for the case of a strip compressed between rough rigid stamps and compared with previously published results for finite and semi-infinite strips and cylinders.
The calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe in children: a 15-year experience

The calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe is a benign tumour of hair-cell matrix, from which it derives its name of pilomatrixoma. Although a relatively benign lesion, diagnostic difficulty may arise and the definitive diagnosis of these firm subcutaneous tumours is often made only after histological analysis. Over 15 years, 46 patients have had 51 lesions excised. A brief historical overview is presented.
Migraine headaches are not associated with a unique depressive symptom profile: results from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.

Objective: There is a well-established link between migraine headaches and depression. However, it is unclear whether individuals with migraine experience a unique profile of depressive symptoms in comparison to individuals without migraine. Methods: This question was addressed using data from the Baltimore cohort of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. The cross-sectional association between migraine headaches and each depressive symptom was calculated using logistic regression, and symptom profiles among those with migraine headaches (n=249) and those without (n=1480) were compared using generalized estimating equations. Results: Migraine headaches were associated with increased odds of reporting seven of nine depressive symptom groups by a factor of roughly 2. However, when the symptom profiles were compared, individuals with migraine headaches did not differ in their profile of symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that individuals with migraine headaches are more likely to report depressive symptoms but do not display a unique profile of symptoms.
EGFR-targeted therapies in lung cancer: predictors of response and toxicity

The EGFR pathway has emerged as a key target in non-small-cell lung cancer. EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer is achieved via small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib or gefitinib, or monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab. A growing body of evidence is identifying potential molecular predictors of response and toxicity. This includes tumor-related molecular markers, such as EGFR mutation and copy number, as well as germline markers such as polymorphisms in EGFR or EGFR pathway-related genes. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge of predictors of response and toxicity to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer.
Repetitive cross-polarization contacts via equilibration-re-equilibration of the proton bath: Sensitivity enhancement for NMR of membrane proteins reconstituted in magnetically aligned bicelles.

Abstract Thermodynamic limit of magnetization corresponding to the intact proton bath usually cannot be transferred in a single cross-polarization contact. This is mainly due to the finite ratio between the number densities of the high- and low-gamma nuclei, quantum–mechanical bounds on spin dynamics, and Hartmann–Hahn mismatches due to rf field inhomogeneity. Moreover, for fully hydrated membrane proteins refolded in magnetically oriented bicelles, short spin-lock relaxation times (T1ρ) and rf heating can further decrease cross polarization efficiency. Here we show that multiple equilibrations-re-equilibrations of the high- and low-spin reservoirs during the preparation period yield an over twofold gain in the magnetization transfer as compared to a single-contact cross polarization (CP), and up to 45% enhancement as compared to the mismatch-optimized CP-MOIST scheme for bicelle-reconstituted membrane proteins. This enhancement is achieved by employing the differences between the spin–lattice relaxation times for the high- and low-gamma spins. The new technique is applicable to systems with short T1ρ’s, and speeds up acquisition of the multidimensional solid-state NMR spectra of oriented membrane proteins for their subsequent structural and dynamic studies.
Musical performance as multimodal communication: drummers, musical collaborators, and listeners

Musical performance provides an interesting domain for understanding and investigating multimodal communication. Although the primary modality of music is auditory, musicians make considerable use of the visual channel as well. This talk examines musical performance as multimodal, focusing on drumming in one style of popular music (funk or soul music). The way drummers interact with, and communicate with, their musical collaborators and with listeners are examined, in terms of the structure of different musical parts; processes of mutual coordination, entrainment, and turn-taking (complementarity) are highlighted. Both pre-determined (composed) and spontaneous (improvised) behaviors are considered. The way in which digital drumsets function as complexly structured human interfaces to sound synthesis systems is examined as well.
Hydrologic Data Development System

The Hydrologic Data Development System is a prototype system of spatial data and menu-driven programs that allows user-interactive determination of hydrologic parameters and estimation of flood-frequency relationships for the design of highway drainage structures. The program employs Arc/Info, a commercial geographical information system. A data base was developed to cover the extent of Texas at a scale of 1:2,000,000 and a smaller sample area of northeast Texas at a scale of 1:250,000. The data include digital-elevation models, major highways, soil characteristics, design rainfall depth-frequency-duration, land use, stream gauge sites, hydrologic regions, and political boundaries. New tables were developed to spatially relate soil characteristics and land use to runoff coefficients used in the Natural Resources Conservation Service Runoff Curve Number method. The system employs spatial-analysis techniques to establish an outfall, to delineate drainage boundaries and flow paths using relevant digital-elev...
Regulation of rat dopamine β-hydroxylase gene transcription by early growth response gene 1 (Egr1)

Abstract Egr1, a transcription factor rapidly induced by various stimuli including stress, can elevate transcription of genes for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes TH and PNMT. To examine if Egr1 also regulates dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) gene expression, PC12 cells were transfected with expression vector for full length or truncated inactive Egr1 and various DBH promoter-driven luciferase constructs. While Egr1 elevated TH promoter activity, DBH promoter activity was reduced. The reduction occurred as early as 4 h and reached maximal inhibition 16–40 h after transfection. Egr1 also reduced the expression of endogenous DBH mRNA and the induction of DBH promoter activity by cAMP. These effects were not observed with truncated Egr1 lacking the DNA binding domain. The first 247, but not 200, nucleotides of DBH promoter are sufficient for this suppression. Several putative Egr1 motifs were identified, and mutagenesis showed that the motif at − 227/− 224 is required. Binding of Egr1 to this region of the DBH promoter was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. This study demonstrates that DBH promoter contains at least one functional Egr1 motif; and indicates, for the first time, that Egr1 can play an inhibitory role in regulation of DBH gene transcription.
Revision of a failed patellofemoral arthroplasty to a total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Patellofemoral arthroplasty is an effective treatment for isolated arthritis of the anterior compartment of the knee, but it is unclear whether it compromises the results of total knee arthroplasty if revision is necessary. The purpose of this study was to review the results of total knee arthroplasty after a prior patellofemoral arthroplasty. Methods: Twelve failed patellofemoral replacements in ten patients were revised to total knee arthroplasties for isolated progressive tibiofemoral arthritis (six knees), isolated patellofemoral catching and maltracking (three), or a combination of both (three). Revisions were performed at a mean of four years after the patellofemoral arthroplasty. A posterior stabilized implant was used in each knee, without a need for stems, augments, or structural bone graft. Patients were assessed by clinical and radiographic follow-up, including Knee Society clinical and functional scores. Baseline preoperative Knee Society scores were obtained at the time of evaluation of the failed patellofemoral arthroplasty. Results: At a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, the mean Knee Society clinical and functional scores had increased from 57 points preoperatively to 96 points and from 51 points preoperatively to 91 points, respectively. At the most recent follow-up, there was no clinical or radiographic evidence of patellofemoral maltracking, loosening, or wear. Conclusions: On the basis of our experience in this relatively small series with short-term follow-up, the results of total knee arthroplasty do not seem to be compromised after revision of the failed patellofemoral replacement. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.