cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superconvergence for galerkin methods for the two point boundary problem via local projections

The two point boundary problemy?'-a(x)y?b(x)y=-f(x), o<x<1,y(0)=y(1)=0, is first solved approximately by the standard Galerkin method, (Y?, ??) + (aY?+bY, ?)=(f, ?), ? ? ? 1 0 (r, ?), for a function Y?? 1 0 (r, ?), the space ofC 1-piecewise-?-degree-polynomials vanishing atx=0 andx=1 and having knots at {x 0 ,x 1 , ...,x M }=?. ThenY is projected locally into a polynomial of higher degree by means of one of several projections. It is then shown that higher-order convergence results locally, provided thaty is locally smooth and ? is quasi-uniform.
Weighing in primary-care nurse–patient interactions

This article analyzes the interactions through which primary-care nurses and patients accomplish patient weighing. The analysis is based on videotaped nurse-adult patient interactions in clinics in the area of Southern California. Detailed examination of co-participants' naturally situated weighing conduct shows that parties recurrently deliver utterances that go beyond that required to accomplish weight measurement-precisely "where" they "are" within the weighing process shaping how they produce and understand these utterances. Using weighing as a locus of epistemic negotiation and potential affiliation, co-participants interactionally achieve the distribution of weight/weighing knowledge and the character of their social relationship. Confronting their numerical weight results in a social/medical setting, patients can use expansive weighing utterances to claim or demonstrate that they possess pre-existing knowledge regarding weight, asserting independent expertise vis-a-vis nurses and claiming result co-recipiency and co-ownership. Speakers can also use expansive utterances to proffer an interactional opportunity for affiliation, inviting recipients to collaborate in producing a more personalized encounter. Through the acceptance or declination of these invitations, the parties work out "who" they "are" to and for one another.
EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF UNIPARENTAL REPRODUCTION IN FRESHWATER SNAILS

We review the spatial and temporal correlates of uniparental reproduction in freshwater snails as they pertain to the ecological hypotheses for the maintenance of biparental sex. The biogeographic evidence from two species (Potamopyrgus antipodarum andBulinus truncatus) presently supports the Red Queen hypothesis that biparental reproduction is selected as a way to reduce the risk to progeny of parasite attack. Uniparental reproduction in these species is associated with low levels of infection by parasites (castrating digenetic trematodes), suggesting that parthenogenesis or self-fertilization can replace cross-fertilization when the risk of infection is low. In addition, inB. truncatus, the opportunity for cross-fertilization coincides with the season in which parasite attack is highest. In a third species (Campeloma decisum), parthenogenetic reproduction is correlated with latitude and the presence of a non-castrating trematode that may prevent cross-fertilization; these patterns suggest that parthenogenesis has been selected as a mechanism to assure reproduction. Finally, we discuss the spotty taxonomic distribution of parthenogenetic species.
An End-to-End Methodology and Toolkit for Fine Granularity SaaS-ization

Software as a Service (SaaS) is an important technology innovation as well as a business model innovation to bring new opportunities to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). There are different SaaS provisioning methods, depending on the customer profile, the cost of the required resources, and the price that customers are willing to pay. The core technology of SaaS-ization focuses on multi-tenancy, which means supporting multiple customers over the SaaS platform at the same time. In this paper, we describe an end-to-end methodology, together with a toolkit that supports the fine granularity multi-tenancy mechanism. This means using one single application instance to support multiple tenants, an approach that could save the Cloud infrastructure resources required to support high volumes of customers. Further, the methodology could lower the entry level of SaaS operators, as well as the user subscription fees.
Iron deficiency anemia

Iron is an essential mineral for oxygen transport and energy production. Increased requirements, as with pregnancy, or inadequate dietary intake of iron may lead to varying degrees of depletion. If iron depletion is severe, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) occurs. By World Health Organization standards, anemia during pregnancy is a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration ≤13.0 g/dl, and by this definition anemia may complicate over 50% of all gestations in the United States.1 Of pregnant women with an abnormally low Hb concentration and packed cell volume (PCV), 75–85% have IDA.2 Indeed, some degree of iron depletion appears to be almost universal during pregnancy. The problem is compounded by multiple gestations, successive pregnancies (<2–3 years apart), adolescent pregnancy, chronic blood loss, intravascular hemolysis, and poor iron absorption associated with certain medical conditions.
Dry Mixing of Wheat Flours: Effect of Particle Properties and Blending Ratio

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of physical and morphological characteristics of soft and hard wheat flours on dry mixing. Two soft wheat flours with different particle size ranges ( 38 μm SWF) were mixed with each of three hard wheat flours with different particle size ranges ( 75 μm HWF) at three ratios (20:80, 50:50 and 80:20, w:w) in a laboratory drum mixer. At set intervals, mixtures were sampled from 10 points in the mixer to measure the degree of mixing. The shape and surface of flour particles were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Flour mixing in a double ribbon mixer also was investigated in the same manner. In both mixing studies, the mixture containing smaller, smoother, more spherical, flour particles achieved a higher degree of uniformity (p<0.05) and required longer mixing time than the mixture containing bigger, rougher, more irregular, flour particles. The mixing ratio of SWF:HWF 50:50 (w:w) required a significantly longer mixing time than the mixing ratio of SWF:HWF 80:20 (w:w). The dry mixing of both soft and hard wheat flours was well explained by the exponential decay model. The mixing mechanisms for both mixers were identified, and a predictive integrated model for mixture uniformity was developed.
Night Sky Brightness Measurements in Latitudes below 45

Average values are given of the night sky brightness observed with visual photometers in Brazil, Bikini, Maryland, and New York State, which covered latitudes from 17° south to 45° north. The measurements revealed no important variations with latitude. For clear air, no moon, and no aurorae the brightness decreased on the average from about 225 millimicrolamberts at 15° above the horizon to 130 at the zenith. Previous determinations of the height of the night sky luminosity by means of the observed curves of brightness against zenith angle have lead to conflicting results, values from 60 to more than 500 km being reported. When the determination was repeated with recent data and with the improved corrections of Piotrowski for atmospheric attenuation and scattering such discrepancies between theory and experiment appeared that no certain values of the height were obtained.
Assessing energy security performance in the Asia Pacific, 1990-2010

Based on three years of research involving a literature review, interviews, surveys, and an international workshop, this study first conceptualizes energy security as consisting of the interconnected factors of availability, affordability, efficiency, sustainability, and governance. It then matches these factors with 20 metrics comprising an energy security index, tracking and scoring performance across 18 countries from 1990 to 2010. It lastly offers two case studies of Malaysia (most improved energy security over time) and Myanmar (worst improved) to provide context to the index’s results before offering conclusions for scholars, analysts, and practitioners.
Estimation and hypothesis testing for seemingly unrelated regressions: A sociological application

Abstract Sociologists frequently use ordinary least squares (OLS) to estimate a series of regression equations from data on the same observational entities. Such “seemingly unrelated regressions” are linked by correlations among the disturbances. In this paper we review three techniques for estimating “seemingly related regressions”—OLS, Zellner's generalized least-squares method, and maximum likelihood estimation—and present anl illustrative sociological example employing each technique. We discuss the conditions under which the non-OLS estimation procedures offer advantages for efficiency of estimation and hypothesis testing.
AB-INITIO THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC AND VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES OF SMALL CLUSTERS AND FULLERENES: THE STATE OF THE ART

A brief report is presented of recent advances in the theoretical study of clusters and fullerenes with ab-initio methods. Selected calculations of structural properties, excited electronic states and vibrational spectra will be discussed. The purpose is to compare different methods and clarify their specific powers and weaknesses.
A theory of the electrical double layer through the Born—Green—Yvon equation

Abstract An approximate theory of the electrical double layer is presented based upon the first member of the Born—Green—Yvon hierarchy. A modification of the superposition approximation which is appropriate for an inhomogeneous system involving image potentials is used to derive a closed system of integral equations for the singlet density functions, ϱ i (1) ( z ).
Website usage and weight loss in a free commercial online weight loss program: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Online weight loss programs are increasingly popular. However, little is known about outcomes and associations with website usage among members of free online weight loss programs. Objective: This retrospective cohort study examined the association between website usage and weight loss among members of a free commercial online weight loss program (SparkPeople). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a systematic random sample of members who joined the program during February 1 to April 30, 2008, and included follow-up data through May 10, 2010. The main outcome was net weight change based on self-reported weight. Measures of website usage included log-ins, self-monitoring entries (weight, food, exercise), and use of social support tools (discussion forums, friendships). Results: The main sample included 1258 members with at least 2 weight entries. They were 90.7% female, with mean (SD) age 33.6 (11.0) and mean (SD) BMI 31.6 (7.7). Members with at least one forum post lost an additional 1.55 kg (95% CI 0.55 kg to 2.55 kg) relative to those with no forum posts. Having at least 4 log-in days, weight entry days, or food entry days per 30 days was significantly associated with weight loss. In the multiple regression analysis, members with at least 4 weight entry days per 30 days reported 5.09 kg (95% CI 3.29 kg to 6.88 kg) more weight loss per 30 days than those with fewer weight entry days. After controlling for weight entry days, the other website usage variables were not associated with weight change. Conclusions: Weekly or more frequent self-monitoring of weight is associated with greater weight loss among members of this free online weight loss program. [J Med Internet Res 2013;15(1):e11]
The Role of Sexual Misperceptions of Women′s Friendliness in an Emerging Theory of Sexual Harassment

Abstract Previous research indicates that men have a greater tendency than women to perceptually distort women′s friendliness as sexiness. Abbey (1991) and Shotland (1989, 1992) have suggested that misperceptions may have important implications for acquaintance rape. Tenets of a theory of the role of misperception in sexual harassment are outlined. First, relations of the tendency to misperceive with sexual harassment supportive beliefs and attitudes are examined. Second, factors influencing misperception are discussed. Finally, moderating and mediating aspects of the misperception construct for predicting certain forms of sexual harassment are outlined. Misperception theory is discussed within the context of existing theories of sexual harassment.
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase is modulated by D1 dopamine receptors in rat retina

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) activity of rat retina increases when animals are placed in a lighted environment from the dark. The increase of activity can be inhibited by administering the selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393, but not the selective D2 agonist quinpirole, or apomorphine. Conversely, in the dark, enzyme activity can be enhanced by administering the selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 or haloperidol, but not the selective D2 antagonist (-)-sulpiride. Furthermore, in animals exposed to room light for 3 h, the D1 agonist SKF 38393 reduced retinal AAAD activity, and this effect was prevented by prior administration of SCH 23390. In contrast, quinpirole had little or no effect when administered to animals in the light. Kinetic analysis indicated that the apparent Vmax for the enzyme increases with little change in the apparent Km for the substrate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine or the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. We suggest that dopamine released in the dark tonically occupies D1 receptors and suppresses AAAD activity. When the room light is turned on, D1 receptors are vacated and selective D1 agonists can either prevent the rise of AAAD or reverse light-enhanced AAAD activity.
A Blume–Capel spin glass with competing crystal-field interactions on a hierarchical lattice

Abstract Renormalization-group methods are used with a hierarchical lattice to model a Blume–Capel spin glass with annealed vacancies and competing crystal-field interactions. The strength of competing cross-link interactions is progressively increased as the effects, upon the phase diagrams, are investigated. A series of phase diagrams have been produced, sinks interpreted, and critical exponents calculated for higher order transitions.
ASYMMETRIC DEMAND INFORMATION IN REGULATION

This paper considers a regulatory model where regulators have less demand information than the firm. Although the firm can over‐earn because of that asymmetry, regulators will ultimately notice. From the company's perspective it may be preferable to eliminate the regulators' uncertainty, rather than have the allowed return reduced.
Precocious metamorphosis of the aphid Myzus persicae induced by the precocene analogue 6-methoxy-7-ethoxy-2, 2-dimethylchromene

Abstract For up to three days after being treated with the precocene analogue 6-methoxy-7-ethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene, adult green peach aphids ( Myzus persicae ) gave birth to offspring (alate and apterous virginoparae, males) which underwent precocious metamorphosis. Only a few precocious gynoparae and no precocious oviparae were recorded. The precocious aphids became adultoid in the third or fourth-instar as a result of corpus allatum destruction. They were able to develop mature embryos, but could not deposit them because of incomplete differentiation of the reproductive tract. The treatment did not induce the production of alate virginoparae in the experimental clone of Myzus persicae . However, a few males were born late in the reproductive sequence of treated apterae. The corpora allata of the treated adults appeared on histological examination to be unaffected by precocene.
High-resolution black-blood MRI of the carotid vessel wall using phased-array coils at 1.5 and 3 Tesla.

Rationale and Objectives The aim of this report is to investigate the magnetic field dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for carotid vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging using phased-array (PA) surface coils by comparing images obtained at 1.5 and 3 Tesla (T) and determine the extent to which the improved SNR at the higher field can be traded for improved spatial resolution. Materials and Methods Two pairs of dual-element PA coils were constructed for operation at the two field strengths. The individual elements of each PA were matched to 50 Ω impedance on the neck and tuned at the respective frequencies. The coils were evaluated on a cylindrical phantom positioned with its axis parallel to the main field and the coils placed on either side of the phantom parallel to the sagittal plane. In vivo magnetic resonance images of the carotid arteries were obtained in five subjects at both field strengths with a fast spin-echo double-inversion black-blood pulse sequence with fat saturation. SNR was measured at both field strengths by using standard techniques. Results At a depth corresponding to the average location of the carotid arteries in the study subjects, mean phantom SNR for the two coils was higher at 3 T by a factor of 2.5. The greater than linear increase is caused by only partial coil loading of these relatively small coils. The practically achievable average SNR gain in vivo was 2.1. The lower in vivo SNR gain is attributed to a reduction in T 2 and prolongation of T 1 at the higher field strength and, to a lesser extent, the requirement for a decreased refocusing pulse flip angle to operate within specific absorption rate limits. The superior SNR at 3 T appears to provide considerably improved vessel-wall delineation. Conclusions Carotid artery vessel-wall magnetic resonance imaging using PA surface coils provides a considerable increase in SNR when field strength is increased from 1.5 to 3 T. This increase can be traded for enhanced in-plane resolution.
Comparison of dynamical approximation schemes for nonlinear gravitaional clustering

We have recently conducted a controlled comparison of a number of approximations for gravitational clustering against the same n-body simulations. These include ordinary linear perturbation theory (Eulerian), the adhesion approximation, the frozen-flow approximation, the Zel'dovich approximation (describable as first-order Lagrangian perturbation theory), and its second-order generalization. In the last two cases we also created new versions of approximation by truncation, i.e., smoothing the initial conditions by various smoothing window shapes and varying their sizes. The primary tool for comparing simulations to approximation schemes was crosscorrelation of the evolved mass density fields, testing the extent to which mass was moved to the right place. The Zel'dovich approximation, with initial convolution with a Gaussian e(exp -k(exp 2)/k(exp 2, sub G)) where k(sub G) is adjusted to be just into the nonlinear regime of the evolved model (details in text) worked extremely well. Its second-order generalization worked slightly better. All other schemes, including those proposed as generalizations of the Zel'dovich approximation created by adding forces, were in fact generally worse by this measure. By explicitly checking, we verified that the success of our best-choice was a result of the best treatment of the phases of nonlinear Fourier components. Of all schemes tested, the adhesion approximation produced the most accurate nonlinear power spectrum and density distribution, but its phase errors suggest mass condensations were moved to slightly the wrong location. Due to its better reproduction of the mass density distribution function and power spectrum, it might be preferred for some uses. We recommend either n-body simulations or our modified versions of the Zel'dovich approximation, depending upon the purpose. The theoretical implication is that pancaking is implicit in all cosmological gravitational clustering, at least from Gaussian initial conditions, even when subcondensations are present.
Vibrational and Electronic Spectroscopy of a Donor−Acceptor Substituted Distyrylbenzene and Its Covalent Dimers

Absorption spectra, resonance Raman spectra and depolarization ratios, fluorescence spectra and emission polarizations, and simulations of the resonance Raman excitation profiles and absorption spe...
Monthly Supply-Demand Relationships for Fed Cattle and Hogs

Monthly livestock supply, demand, and price variations reflect phenomena often not isolated in annual or quarterly time series analysis. A five‐equation model of cattle and hog monthly supply and demand behavior at the live market level was estimated via two‐stage least squares. Regular monthly demand fluctuations, income and population changes, and the slaughter supply per packer work day were found to affect cattle and hog prices. Marketing behavior by farmers was affected by feedlot inventories and the recent price change which apparently influenced their short‐run price expectations and subsequent marketing response.
Nature Wars, Culture Wars: Immigration and Environmental Reform in the Progressive Era

In the decades around 1900, native-born Americans and immigrants fought a variety of battles about environmental issues. Those battles had important cpnsequences. The critique of immigrants also reveals that native-born Americans had more complicated views about nature than environmental historians have acknowledged. Though a back-to-nature impulse was a defining characteristic of the Progressive Era, the complaints about immigrants make clear that some forms of closeness to nature made many Americans deeply uncomfortable.
The vibrational spectra of bis(pentafluorosulfur) peroxide and pentafluorosulfur fluorosulfuryl peroxide

Abstract The liquid phase Raman spectra of SF 5 OOSF 5 and SF 5 OOSO 2 F are reported in the region 2000–100 cm −1 , while the previously reported infrared data have been extended down to 400 cm −1 . Assignments for the normal modes of vibration are made on the basis of staggered non-planar structures similar to hydrogen peroxide. The O-O stretching frequencies are found at 751 and 740 cm −1 for SF 5 OOSF 5 and SF 5 OOSO 2 F, respectively. These unexpectedly low frequency positions are attributed to extensive vibrational coupling.
NEGATIVE TRANSFER IN COMPLEX MATERIAL.

Summary At the beginning of an introductory course in psychology, 227 students were asked to define ordinary everyday English words and to guess the technical psychological concepts represented. In the final examination for the course, questions were inserted that required the students to understand the concepts and to know the terminology. From a comparison of responses at the beginning and end of the term it seems that negative transfer was not involved or, if present, was well overcome.
Process costing and LIFO: A dollar value approach

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe a method of converting ending work in process inventory values developed under a process costing system into a last in, first out (LIFO)-valuation using dollar value LIFO. Textbooks lack any discussion of this matte. This method can be used with either the first in, first out (FIFO) or weighted average method. An illustration is developed for two departments over two years. Both the effects of LIFO layer increases and liquidations are shown.
Quantitative Aspects of Insect Nutrition

The small size of insects, correlated with high food-consumption, growth, and metabolic rates, makes possible their high efficiency of food-utilization, short life cycles, high biotic potential, and rapid genetic adaptation and speciation. Most of the qualitative nutritional requirements are known for many insect species; many essential nutrients are provided by microbial symbiotes. Recent studies in quantitative nutrition make possible more detailed analysis of the utilization of food, of the kinetics of growth and metabolism in intact animals, and of the controlling mechanisms in the animal-food interaction.
A new theoretical method for collisions with correlated atoms

Abstract In the past decade we have developed new numerical methods for describing ion-atom collisions. We have previously limited ourselves to those systems where it is accurate to treat the projectile-target trajectory classically and the motion of the electrons in the static independent particle model. We have shown that this reduces to solving the time dependent perturbation of a single-electron atom, with of course the proviso that one must calculate all the relevant single-particle amplitudes that describe the states of interest. We have now developed an efficient new method for including electron-electron correlations exactly. This method and its application to two-electron collision systems will be described in detail. We discuss preliminary results for p + He collisions, where experiments show an intriguing difference between the proton and equal velocity electron double ionization cross sections.
507 SUSCEPTIBILITY TO VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) AMONG ADULTS AT HIGH RISK FOR EXPOSURE

Hospital personnel, especially those who work with children or the immunocompromised, are at increased risk for exposure to VZV. For example, in a 21 month period we prospectively recorded 16 uncontrolled introductions of VZV into our hospital. These resulted in exposure of 273 patients and 426 hospital personnel. 29 exposed employees (7%) were uncertain of their VZV immune status and of these 13 were found to be serologically VZV susceptible. Because the susceptible adult represents both a risk to the hospital and to himself, we prospectively defined the VZV immune status of 2501 (of 2694) Children's Hospital employees. 2051 employees (82%) reported a prior history of varicella or herpes zoster which was accepted as evidence of immunity. Sera from 291 of 446 employees with uncertain prior VZV infection were tested by ELISA and/or FAMA for serologic evidence of VZV immunity. 79 sero susceptible individuals were identified and during the subsequent 10 months, five of these adults acquired varicella from sources outside of the hospital. Varicella also occurred in one individual who had a negative history but did not submit blood for serology. Adults at high risk for exposure should be screened for immunity to VZV by history, and if uncertain, by serologic testing. Such individuals who are found to be susceptible should be aware of the potential to both acquire and spread VZV. Susceptible adults at high risk for VZV exposure represent potential candidates for VZV immunization.
Vibrational relaxation measurements in hydrogen fluoride

Vibrational relaxation measurements in HF have been obtained at intermediate temperatures by combining the laser induced fluorescence technique with shock compression heating in a shock tube. Usually, shock tube measurements of vibrational relaxation are limited to high temperatures; above about 1300 K in the case of HF. Laser induced fluorescence measurements can be made in heated cells suitable for HF handling up to about 700-800 K. The combination of the two techniques offers several advantages includiug large range of temperatures, no wall reactions nor leaky cells at high temperature. We have used this method to obtain HF vibrational relaxation data at temperatures from 450 to 1030 K as well as at 300 K. These data together with shock tube data at high temperature (1350-4000) K are compared with theoretical predictions. Room temperature measurements with the laser induced fluorescence technique have yielded the relaxation rates of the first four vibrational levels of HF as well as an estimate of the vibration-vibration rate of energy exchange of HF with itself.
Influence of cadmium, lead, and zinc on the ability of sensitized guinea pig lymphocytes to interact with specific antigen and to produce lymphokine

Abstract The effects of cadmium, lead, and zinc on the ability of sensitized guinea pig spleen lymphocytes to interact with an antigen (ovalbumin) and to produce migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were studied by cell electrophoresis and migration inhibition of macrophages. The metals (Cd > Zn > Pb) significantly interfered with the interaction between the antigen and the surface of sensitized lymphocytes and also inhibited the production of MIF.
IMPACTS OF A SPILL OF NO. 6 FUEL OIL ON LAKE WINONA

ABSTRACT A spill of about 7,400 gallons of No. 6 fuel oil into Lake Winona provided an unusual opportunity to observe the behavior of a residual fuel oil in a confined freshwater environment. Oil-laden condensate from Winona State University's heating plant entered Lake Winona via a storm sewer during the winter and, because of ice cover, went undetected until April 15, 1979. Because its density was almost the same as water, the oil caused unusual problems. Surface fractions were readily removed by standard measures, but cleanup was thwarted by heavier fractions which rose continually from the lake bottom and drifted throughout the lake. Scuba divers located a pool of heavy oil in a deep area near the storm sewer outlet and most of it was pumped into an on-shore reservoir. Globules of oil continued to rise from the lake bottom during the ensuing summer season, severely curtailing recreational use of the lake. The spill resulted in the deaths of waterfowl and it apparently stressed spawning sunfish suffici...
Isolation of transposon mutants from Azospirillum brasilense Yu62 and characterization of genes involved in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis

The molecular genetics of indole-3-acetic (IAA) synthesis and regulation in Azospirillum brasilense was investigated in this study. Tn5 mutagenesis was performed and five mutants with decreased IAA production were isolated. Five Tn5-inserted genes from these mutants were cloned and sequenced. Four genes were reported for the first time to be involved in IAA production, namely, atrA, ftsA, omaA and aldA that code for GntR-family transcriptional regulator, iron-binding protein component of ABC-type Fe3+ transport system, outer membrane protein, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. In addition, two genes atrB and atrC, with predicted proteins that showed high homology to aminotransferases, were cloned from the downstream of atrA in this bacterium. Studies also showed that complementation of atrA, ftsA and omaA were able to restore the IAA production of the corresponding IAA− mutants. Comparison of Fe3+ concentrations in culture supernatants of the wild-type strain, the ftsA mutant and the complemented strain revealed that the iron-uptake ability of the ftsA mutant was highly reduced. This result also points to the necessity of iron as a metal ion in IAA synthesis. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the IAA accumulated in cells between the omaA mutant and the wild-type strain, suggesting the omaA might not affect IAA secretion but be involved in IAA production in other unknown ways.
Spark Plasma Sintering as an Approach to Manufacture Bulk Materials: Feasibility and Cost Savings

We describe the technique of spark plasma sintering and highlight its advantages, providing several examples of model materials that can be produced using this manufacturing methodology. We also discuss commercialization of the technology and the likely future of materials manufacturing, including production volume and savings.
Anger, aggression, and risky behavior: a comparison of high and low anger drivers

This research tested hypotheses from state-trait anger theory applied to anger while driving. High and low anger drivers drove equally often and as many miles, but high anger drivers reported more frequent and intense anger and more aggression and risky behavior in daily driving, greater anger in frequently occurring situations, more frequent close calls and moving violations, and greater use of hostile/aggressive and less adaptive/constructive ways of expressing anger. In low impedance simulations, groups did not differ on state anger or aggression; however, high anger drivers reported greater state anger and verbal and physical aggression in high impedance simulations. High anger drivers drove at higher speeds in low impedance simulations and had shorter times and distances to collision and were twice as likely to crash in high impedance simulations. Additionally, high anger drivers were more generally angry. Hypotheses were generally supported, and few gender differences were noted for anger and aggression.
Widespread expression of the Supv3L1 mitochondrial RNA helicase in the mouse

Supv3L1 is an evolutionarily conserved helicase that plays a critical role in the mitochondrial RNA surveillance and degradation machinery. Conditional ablation of Supv3L1 in adult mice leads to premature aging phenotypes including loss of muscle mass and adipose tissue and severe skin abnormalities. To get insights into the spatial and temporal expression of Supv3L1 in the mouse, we generated knock-in and transgenic strains in which an EGFP reporter was placed under control of the Supv3L1 native promoter. During development, expression of Supv3L1 begins at the blastocyst stage, becomes widespread and strong in all fetal tissues and cell types, and continues during postnatal growth. In mature animals reporter expression is only slightly diminished in most tissues and continues to be highly expressed in the brain, peripheral sensory organs, and testis. Together, these data confirm that Supv3L1 is an important developmentally regulated gene, which continues to be expressed in all mature tissues, particularly the rapidly proliferating cells of testes, but also in the brain and sensory organs. The transgenic mice and cell lines derived from them constitute a valuable tool for the examination of the spatial and temporal aspects of Supv3L1 promoter activity, and should facilitate future screens for small molecules that regulate Supv3L1 expression.
Economic considerations on parameter design

A simultaneous consideration of process mean and variance in product design stages has been considered one of the most significant of Taguchi's contributions. Among his quality improvement methods, parameter design has drawn a great deal of particular attention from researchers. The ultimate objective of Taguchi's parameter design is to find control factor settings to achieve an on-target process mean with a minimum variance. There is no doubt regarding the virtue of the minimum variance. However, considering a variety of economic aspects related to product specifications as well as a quality loss, the on-target process mean may not necessarily be economical. This paper investigates the parameter design problem from an economic point of view and proposes an alternative procedure to achieve the most economical process mean as well as the minimum variance by taking product specifications and an asymmetric quality loss into consideration. It is shown through an illustrative example that a significant cost saving can be accrued from the proposed procedure. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cocaine use during pregnancy: maternal depressive symptoms and infant neurobehavior over the first month

Research on the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure has produced an inconsistent pattern of results. The goals of this project were (a) to improve upon the methodology of previous research by matching subjects one-to-one on important confounding maternal and infant variables, (b) to investigate a population of rural women not enrolled in an intensive prenatal intervention program, (c) to assess the impact of cocaine use on maternal depressive symptoms both immediately and 1-month postpartum, and (d) to provide longitudinal data regarding the effect of cocaine exposure and maternal affect on neurobehavioral development of neonates by assessing the infants in the hospital and at 1 month of age. Cocaine-using mothers had significantly fewer prenatal visits and reported more depressive symptoms following delivery thon did control mothers. Cocaine-exposed infants had significantly lower birthweights and shorter gestations. There were no significant differences in neonatal performance on the Brazelton scale at birth or 1 month of age. These findings demonstrate that not all cocaine-exposed infants exhibit neurobehavioral deficits in the neonatal period. Longitudinal research is needed to determine if problems will manifest themselves at later ages when greater developmental demands are placed upon these children.
Cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity and neurologic prognosis after cardiac arrest

Article abstract-Objective: To assess the relationship between CSF creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity (CSF CKBB) and neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest in clinical practice. Background: CSF CKBB reflects the extent of brain damage following cardiac arrest. Methods: To help with prognosis, treating physicians ordered CSF CKBB tests on 474 patients over 7.5 years; 351 of these patients had experienced a cardiac arrest. Assays were performed in one laboratory using agarose electrophoresis. By chart review, we determined awakening status for all patients, defined as the patient having comprehensible speech or following commands. Results: CSF CKBB was usually sampled 48 to 72 hours after cardiac arrest and was strongly associated with awakening (p much 86 U/l. The highest value in a patient who awakened was 204 U/l, a cutoff that yielded a specificity of 100% of never awakening but a sensitivity of forty-eight percent. Only nine patients who awakened had CSF CKBB values greater than 50 U/l, and none regained independence in activities of daily living. Only three unconscious patients were still alive at last contact, with follow-up of 63, 107, and 109 months. Using logistic regression, the probability of never awakening given a CSF CKBB result can be estimated as: 1/(1 + L), where L = e raised to (0.1267 - 0.0211 x CSF CKBB [U/l]). Conclusion: CSF CKBB measurement helps to estimate degree of brain damage and thus neurologic prognosis after cardiac arrest. However, results of this retrospective study could reflect in part a self-fulfilling prophecy. NEUROLOGY 1997;48: 352-357
Closed-loop miscibility gap and quantitative tie-lines in ternary membranes containing diphytanoyl PC.

Vesicles containing ternary mixtures of diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and cholesterol produce coexisting liquid phases over an unusually large range of temperature and composition. Liquid domains persist well above the DPPC chain melting temperature (41°C), resulting in a closed-loop miscibility gap bounded by two critical points at fixed temperature. Quantitative tie-lines are determined directly from 2H NMR spectra using a novel analysis, and are found to connect a liquid-disordered phase rich in diphytanoyl PC with a liquid-ordered phase rich in DPPC. The direction of the tie-lines implies that binary DPPC/cholesterol mixtures are in one uniform phase above 41°C. All 2H NMR results for tie-lines are verified by independent fluorescence microscopy results.
Who will be tomorrow's optometric educators?

On the basis of information obtained from administrators of schools and colleges of optometry, directors of graduate programs in physiological optics and vision science, directors of optometric residency programs, and other sources, it was concluded that: (1) during the next decade the supply of optometric educators will be sufficient to meet the anticipated demand with the exception of the O.D.-Ph.D. category and (2) this potential shortage can be alleviated if graduate programs in schools and colleges of optometry emphasize a research-based, clinically oriented, M.S. program
The College Viewpoint

Our changing health care environment presents new challenges to the surgical profession. This article examines those concerns, including strains on surgeons' professional values, financial pressures resulting from federal laws and regulations, the expansion of managed care, and demands for improved continuing education opportunities. This article illustrates how the American College of Surgeons has been helping surgeons cope with the shifts in balance taking place around them. It further highlights how the American College of Surgeons is moving forward in all areas of concern to surgeons by promoting standards for surgical care, educating third-party payors about the effects of financial constraints, expanding its educational programs, and seeking innovative methods to fulfill its mission.
Juvenile sex offenders: a complex population

Individuals who engage in sexual offending behavior represent a heterogeneous population. Recent research has found some success in categorizing sexual offenders based on a number of variables, particularly the type of victim. For example, differences have been found between those offenders who victimize adults when compared with those who victimize children. However, the research in this area has been conducted predominantly with adult samples. As the adult sex offender literature has progressed, it has become evident that risk assessment, treatment effectiveness, and risk management are dependent on such offender characteristics. Unfortunately, the relevance to juveniles of characteristics deemed to be important with adult sex offenders is limited due to the complexity of developmental processes, particularly with respect to mental disorders and personality formation. As such, the formulation and implementation of treatment and risk management strategies that will be effective with juvenile sex offenders are challenging. The goal of this paper is to review some of the complexities inherent in the juvenile sex offender population by focusing on specific areas of complication, including: classification systems, comorbid paraphilias and other mental illnesses, and maladaptive personality traits.
The Power of Exercise: Buffering the Effect of Chronic Stress on Telomere Length

Background Chronic psychological stress is associated with detrimental effects on physical health, and may operate in part through accelerated cell aging, as indexed by shorter telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. However, not all people under stress have distinctly short telomeres, and we examined whether exercise can serve a stress-buffering function. We predicted that chronic stress would be related to short telomere length (TL) in sedentary individuals, whereas in those who exercise, stress would not have measurable effects on telomere shortening.
IMPROVED ACCURACY OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT FOR PREDICTION OF REVASCULARIZATION BY MACHINE LEARNING IN A LARGE POPULATION

We aimed to develop an objective method to predict which patients will undergo revascularization after myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) by integrating clinical data and quantitative image features by machine learning (ML). 713 rest 201Thallium/stress 99mTechnetium MPS studies with correlating
Polarized deuteron capture on 3He in the fusion resonance region

Abstract The absolute differential cross section, σ(θ), and the analyzing powers Ay(θ), Ayy(θ), and T20(θ) of the 3He(d,γ)5Li reaction have been measured using an 800 keV deuteron beam which was stopped in a gaseous 3He target. The same quantities, with the exception of T20(θ), were measured using a 600 keV incident deuteron beam which lost 300 keV in the target, thus integrating over the FWHM of the fusion resonance. A transition matrix element analysis gives two solutions which cannot be distinguished on the basis of this analysis alone. A coupled-channels resonating group model calculation has been performed and is used to select the physical solution. The results of this calculation are in good agreement with the data if the tensor force which is employed is reduced by a factor of 0.75 times its two-body value. If the tensor force is turned off, the calculated analyzing powers go to zero and the cross section is more than an order of magnitude too small, indicating the crucial role of the tensor force in this reaction.
Progress toward new catalysts for acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization reactions

The compounds Tp′W(CHR)(E)X (Tp′= hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate; RCMe3, Ph; EO, NPh; XCl, Br), 4a–c, have been synthesized by reaction of Tp′W(CR)X2, (R CMe3, XCl; RPh, XBr), 3a,b, with neutral alumina or aniline. Compounds 3a,b and 4a–c are air stable and thermally stable to ⪢ 100 °C in the solid state. When combined with 1 equivalent of AlCl3, Tp′W(CHPh)(NPh)Br, 4c, catalyzes the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) oligomerization of 1,9-decadiene, giving a mixture of 1,9,17-octadecatriene, 1,9,17,25-hexadodecatetraene and ethylene (≈30% conversion). The new alkylidene complex, 4a, is an efficient ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) catalyst in the presence of AlCl3, as a co-catalyst.
Automatic generation of custom SIMD instructions for superword level parallelism

Application specific instruction-set processors (ASIPs) have drawn significant attention from System-on-a-Chip (SoC) community due to the capability of fine grain flexibility and customizability. In order to maximize the benefit of ASIP, automatic instruction set extension (ISE) is required. In the past decade, there have been plethora of researches on automatic ISE for custom scalar instruction. However, due to increasing usage of SIMD instructions to exploit data level parallelism (DLP) that exists both across loop iterations and within a basic block called Superword Level Parallelism (SLP), automatic generation of custom SIMD instructions is the inevitable direction of automatic ISE. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that automatically generates custom SIMD instructions from a set of custom scalar instructions to exploit SLP. We have demonstrated 52.4% and 30.8% performance improvement on average over base instruction set and additional custom scalar instructions, respectively.
Chronic Active Hepatitis: The Challenge for a New Nomenclature

Objectives: To review the etiologic agents and pathogenic mechanisms of chronic active hepatitis, to describe the current nomenclature for this disease and highlight its shortcomings, and to propos...
Two tandem queues with general renewal input II: asymptotic expansions for the diffusion model

In Part I we formulated and solved a diffusion model for two tandem queues with exponential servers and general renewal arrivals. We thus obtained the heavy traffic diffusion approximation to the steady state joint queue length distribution for this network. Here we study asymptotic and numerical properties of the diffusion approximation. In particular, analytical expressions are obtained for the tail probabilities. Both the joint distribution of the two queues and the marginal distributionof the second queue are considered. We also give numerical illustrations of how this marginal is affected by changes in the arrival and service processes.
Combinatorial optimization by stochastic automata

The significance of combinatorial optimization for many important applications is well understood. The simulated annealing algorithm (which we will denote from here on as SA) has generated great interest and attention in the scientific community. Its authors derived it from analogies to the physical domain [15,10], and a myriad of publications followed (see references to the book on simulated annealing in [11]). The prevailing opinion expressed in these publications was that the SA algorithm represents a new, hitherto unknown class of algorithms and provides a breakthrough in the solution of NP-hard optimization problems. As might be expected, roots of the SA do exist, and one of the purposes of this paper is to trace these roots. We prove that SA, like many other randomized algorithms, belongs to the class of S-type GH-stochastic automata. We provide other representatives of this class together with algorithms from some other classes, and discuss the issue of convergence. Large computational experiemts were performed on a network of Apollo computers.