cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An efficient method for fuzzy identification of regulatory events in gene expression time series data

The increase in the number of time-series gene expression experiments drives an increase in the development of analysis methods that aim to reverse engineer genetic regulatory networks. Methods have previously been developed that test all combinations of gene interactions in a gene expression time-series dataset for those that closely fit a model of gene regulation. We describe an efficient method for reducing the computational cost of this approach by pruning the search space of candidates least likely to fit a regulatory model. Our approach represents changes in expression levels as directional slope information and discards combinations whose slope relationships are most likely outside the scope of the given model of regulatory relationships. We demonstrate a 70% reduction in the computational time required to process three S. cerevisiae microarray time-series datasets.
Psychometric functions for chromatic discriminations

Psychometric functions for equiluminant chromatic discriminations were measured by the method of constant stimuli. The functions were measured from three starting points on axes of a relative cone troland chromaticity space in a surround metameric to equal energy white. The data were fit by probability functions that yielded estimates of the slope of the psychometric curve and the chromaticity threshold. The slopes were similar for both axes with an average value near 2 (± 1). The thresholds were minimal near the adapting chromaticity and rose in a V-shape on either side, similar to data in the literature using other psychophysical protocols.
Integration of mobile ad hoc networks and the Internet using mobile gateways

Summary form only given. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and the Internet exhibit differences in their network architecture. These differences concern the various sorts of assumptions imposed not only on the structure and topology of the underlying networks, but also on communication patterns of mobile nodes in both networks. Integrating MANET and the Internet into a hybrid network is a challenging problem due to these differences. We propose a three-layer approach that uses both mobile IP and dynamic destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) to integrate these two types of networks into a hybrid environment, in order to provide MANET nodes with Internet connectivity and access to the Internet resources. Our approach is based on the use of mobile gateways as an interface between MANET and the Internet. These mobile gateways can use mobile IP when they communicate with the Internet and DSDV when they interact with MANET. We also show the results of several simulation experiments that were conducted to study the integrated environment.
Short-term liquid storage of umbilical cord blood.

Background Processing and banking of umbilical cord blood requires the development of methods for short-term liquid storage. This study examines the conditions (temperature, time, and storage solution) for optimal storage of cord blood. Study design and methods Cord blood obtained from normal donors was collected and divided into aliquots. Some of the aliquots were supplemented with a storage solution and undiluted cord blood was used as a control. MNC counts, percentage of cells that are CD34+45+, frequency of CFU-GM, and solution pH were monitored for up to 72 hours in storage at 4 degrees C and room temperature. Results MNC counts, CD34+45+ cell recovery, and frequency of CFU-GM were all improved in samples diluted with a storage medium when compared to undiluted controls. MNC counts were higher when cells were stored at 4 degrees C. MNC counts and the frequency of CFU-GM were reduced at 72 hours when compared with 24 hours. Conclusions These results indicate that the recovery of cells from cord blood can be improved if samples are stored using a storage solution for 24 hours without significant cell losses. Some of the solutions determined to be effective in maintaining viability are approved for human applications, although not specifically cord blood preservation.
Daoism and Altruism: A China–USA Perspective

This chapter begins by addressing the basic Eastern and Western debates and findings about human altruism, including the relationship between altruism and Chinese Daoism (or Taoism). Daoism originated in China over 2,500 years ago, but its impact seems universal with regard to human beliefs and behavior. Second, we cover the Daoist water-like Big-Five model (which includes altruism) and review empirical cross-cultural results from two USA–China studies based on this model. Finally, the chapter concludes with a look at the implications of and prospects for this research.
Hedged Cost of Funds and Interest Rate Arbitrage

This note provides an overview of interest rate parity and the hedged cost of international borrowings. The note describes the essential steps to hedge international borrowings with forward contracts and describes in detail the link between forward rates and interest rates and what drives that relationship.
IR's Role in Piloting an Assessment Model: Coordination, Consultation and Compromise

This chapter focuses on IR's role in coordinating a pilot of the Degree Qualifications Profile (DQP) for assessment in a new master's degree program and provides guidance on frameworks that can be used, important technical considerations, and ways IR can be involved to advance the use of rubrics as a primary program assessment tool.
Gelation point in borosilicate sols from rheological experiments

Dynamic oscillatory experiments are used to monitor the gelation of the borosilicate systems prepared through the sol-gel process from metal alkoxides. The rheological experiments show that tan δ = G”/G’ is independent of frequency at the gel point in agreement with the results of others on organic gelling systems. The dynamic moduli at the gel point followed power-law behavior with respect to frequency. The power-law exponent is found to be ~0.70. The apparent fractal dimension, dp, of the network cluster at the gel point is determined. The dF values for the samples ranged from 2.5 to 3.8 depending on the final structure of the evolved products at the gel point. The large values (dF > 3) exclude a simple geometric interpretation of the results. The effect of processing parameters, such as composition of reactants and temperature, on the resulting microstructures near the gel point is discussed.
Low-temperature crystal structure and magnetic properties of Gd5Ge3

The Gd${}_{5}$Ge${}_{3}$ compound prepared using high-purity gadolinium undergoes a structural deformation from hexagonal Mn${}_{5}$Si${}_{3}$-type structure into a new orthorhombic crystal structure. The temperature of the structural transition coincides with the Ne\'el temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$), confirming the coupling between magnetism and crystal structure. The same intermetallic compound prepared using a commercial grade of gadolinium shows only a minor orthorhombic structural deformation at ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$, which is 19 K lower than that of a Gd${}_{5}$Ge${}_{3}$ sample prepared from the high-purity Gd. The first-principles electronic structure calculations confirm the antiferromagnetic orthorhombic structure as the ground state of Gd${}_{5}$Ge${}_{3}$ and show that interstitial impurities affect the strength of the antiferromagnetic interactions.
Pyrolysis of Household Plastic Wastes

Aims: Thermal cracking of waste plastic (without catalyst) to useful chemicals. Study Design: To design the experimental procedure, we primarily concentrated on the thermal stability of the materials by bearing in mind the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on the thermogravimetric results the appropriate set-up for the decomposition of the plastic wastes was designed. Three common household plastic wastes ‐ styrofoam dining plates (SDP), shipping protection styrofoam boxes (SPFB), and carrying plastic shopping bags (CPB) ‐ were pyrolized into liquids. GC-MS was used to characterize the sample of the obtained liquids. Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in the Department of Biological and Physical Sciences at South Carolina State University (SCSU), Orangeburg, SC, USA, during the summer of 2012. Methodology: The thermal cracking process without catalyst was used to convert
Non-Linear Optical Microscopy with Coherent Raman Contrast for Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Resection Guidance

Coherent Raman Microscopy (SRS and CARS) combined with TPA can provide histopathological image content needed for real-time live and fresh tissue optical diagnosis during minimally invasive MRI guided needle biopsy and intraoperative open biopsy.
Ophiogomphus incurvatus: a New Name for Ophiogomphus carolinus Hagen (Odonata: Gomphidae)

Ophiogomphus carolinus Hagen is shown to be a synonym of O. rupinsulensis Walsh and the name O. incurvatus is proposed for the species heretofore identified as O. carolinus. The adults and nymphs of O. i. incurvatus and a new subspecies O. i. alleghaniensis are described. The type locality of O. i. incurvatus is in central Virginia, and that of O. i. alleghaniensis in eastern West Virginia.
Influence of In-Vehicle Adaptive Stop Display on Driving Behavior and Safety

In 2012, 683 000 crashes occurred at stop-sign-controlled intersections, with 2434 of those crashes being fatal and composing 5.3% of all fatal traffic incidents in the United States. Roughly 50% of all fatal crashes at stop-sign-controlled intersections involve crossing over (i.e., running) the traffic control device. With the advent of connected-vehicle technology, it is possible to provide a salient in-vehicle adaptive stop display to a driver. This display could alert a driver when he or she will have to stop at an intersection due to oncoming traffic. The same display could also permit drivers to pass through an intersection without stopping when a conflicting vehicle is not present. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate these potential improvements in safety and mobility through an empirical research study. An in-vehicle adaptive stop display was developed and tested on the Virginia Smart Road. Forty-nine drivers were exposed to multiple intersection scenarios they would experience in the real world while using connected-vehicle technology. The scenarios included variations in adjacent traffic, equipment malfunctions, and total equipment failures. There were no indications of a safety detriment to using the adaptive stop display in terms of compliance (likelihood of driver adhering to the information presented), driver complacency, or driver risk taking. Furthermore, the study indicates that, with a higher measured rate of compliance, an in-vehicle adaptive stop display would have a positive impact on safety.
On Current Situation and Countermeasures of the Development of Zhangjiajie Tourism Entertainment

Tourist entertainment,an economic-culture behavior for tourists to pursue psychological delight,includes tourists' purchase and consumption of tourism products or services offered by entertainment places in tourism destinations. An important part of modern tourism,tourist entertainment belongs to comprehensive non-scenic tourism. Zhangjiajie,as a tourist city,is weak in its tourist entertainment. This article detects and analyzes four main problems attributing to the weakness. And some reasonable suggestions are proposed to develop tourist entertainment in Zhangjiajie,including strengthening the government macroeconomic regulation and control,enhancing tourism industrial restructuring,promoting balanced development of various elements of the tourism industry,further improvement of laws and regulations,as well as strengthening the law enforcement.
Cray XT4 and Seastar 3-D Torus Interconnect.

The physical sciences are increasingly turning toward computational techniques as an alternative to the traditional “wet lab” or destructive testing environments for experimentation. In particular, computational sciences can be used to scale far beyond that of traditional experimental methodologies; opening the door to large-scale climatology and molecular dynamics, for example, which encompass enough detail to accurately model the dominant terms that characterize the physical phenomena being studied [2]. These large-scale applications require careful orchestration among cooperating processors to ply these computational techniques effectively. The genesis of the Cray XT4 system was the collaborative design and deployment of the Sandia “Red Storm” computer which provided the computational power necessary to assure safeguards under the nuclear Stockpile Stewardship Program which seeks to maintain and verify a nuclear weapons arsenal without the use of testing. It was later renamed the Cray XT3 and sold commercially in configurations varying from hundreds of processors, to 10s of thousands of processors. An improved processor, faster processornetwork interface, along with further optimizations to the software stack and migrating to a lightweight Linux kernel prompted the introduction of the Cray XT4; however, the underlying system architecture and interconnection network remained unchanged.
Phrase-Learning in Deaf and Hearing Subjects

Two groups each containing 24 deaf subjects were compared with 24 fifth graders and 24 twelfth graders with normal hearing on the learning of segments of written English. Eight subjects from each g...
Experimental evolution in fungi: An untapped resource☆

Historically, evolutionary biology has been considered an observational science. Examining populations and inferring evolutionary histories mold evolutionary theories. In contrast, laboratory evolution experiments make use of the amenability of traditional model organisms to study fundamental processes underlying evolution in real time in simple, but well-controlled, environments. With advances in high-throughput biology and next generation sequencing, it is now possible to propagate hundreds of parallel populations over thousands of generations and to quantify precisely the frequencies of various mutations over time. Experimental evolution combines the ability to simultaneously monitor replicate populations with the power to vary individual parameters to test specific evolutionary hypotheses, something that is impractical or infeasible in natural populations. Many labs are now conducting laboratory evolution experiments in nearly all model systems including viruses, bacteria, yeast, nematodes, and fruit flies. Among these systems, fungi occupy a unique niche: with a short generation time, small compact genomes, and sexual cycles, fungi are a particularly valuable and largely untapped resource for propelling future growth in the field of experimental evolution. Here, we describe the current state of fungal experimental evolution and why fungi are uniquely positioned to answer many of the outstanding questions in the field. We also review which fungal species are most well suited for experimental evolution.
The Effects of Health Reform on Medicaid and Private Insurance in the Long Run

Starting in 2014 the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA) expands eligibility for Medicaid, creates state-based, federally subsidized insurance exchanges, and mandates that all Americans obtain health insurance coverage. In 2018 it imposes an excise tax on high-premium insurance plans to help control costs and pay for the expanded coverage. If health costs continue to grow faster than inflation, this tax will affect a growing fraction of plans over time. Most analyses of PPACA have been limited to the standard 10-year budget planning horizon, so they do not study the impact of the tax as it grows. We use standard methods and recent data to estimate the effects of Medicaid eligibility and tax rates on public and private insurance enrollment and then simulate the consequences of PPACA over the next 20 years. We find that the effects will be small at first, but will grow substantially from 2020 to 2030. If the rate of growth of health care costs is not reduced, we predict that Medicaid will nearly triple in size and the proportion of families qualifying for federally subsidized insurance through exchanges will grow steadily as well, putting state and federal budgets under increasing pressure.
Rising Tide: The Gender Gap in Voting and Public Opinion

We have explored the causes of the rising tide of gender equality, but not yet the consequences. During the postwar era, the conventional wisdom in political science held that women in Western democracies were politically more conservative than men. Gender differences in party preferences were never as marked as the classic electoral cleavages of class, region, and religion; there were no mass “women's parties” like those associated with trade unions, regions, and churches. Nevertheless, “women's conservatism” was seen as a persistent and well-established phenomenon. During the 1980s, this conventional wisdom came under increasing challenge. In many West European countries, a process of gender dealignment appeared, with studies reporting minimal sex differences in voting choice and party preference. And in the United States, the phenomenon of the gender gap manifested itself in the early 1980s, with women shifting their allegiance toward the Democratic Party while men moved toward the Republican Party on a stable and consistent basis, reversing the previous pattern of voting and partisanship. This gender realignment in the United States raises the question of whether similar developments are occurring elsewhere. If this phenomenon is caused by factors inherent in societal modernization, such as increased female participation in the paid workforce, the break-up of the traditional family, and the transformation of sex roles in the home, then we would expect to find similar gender gaps emerging in other postindustrial nations.
Prostate Sarcomas and Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Primary prostate sarcomas are rare tumors arising from nonepithelial mesenchymal components of the prostate stroma. These tumors account for less than 0.1 % of prostate malignancy in adults. Leiomyosarcomas are the most common histological subtype in adults, whereas rhabdomyosarcoma is more common in pediatric patients. Surgery remains the mainstay in treatment and the surgical approach varies depending on tumor extent. Radical prostatectomy is appropriate for those patients whose tumors are confined to the prostate. Cystoprostatectomy or total pelvic exenteration is the preferred approach for those patients with significant bladder or rectal invasion. Systemic chemotherapy and preoperative radiation therapy may be considered preoperatively in locally advanced cases or as definite treatment in those patients with metastatic disease. Although the overall prognosis for patients with prostate sarcomas remains poor, surgical resection with or without preoperative chemotherapy and radiation can cure select patients without metastatic disease.
Online Social Engagement by Cancer Patients: A Clinic-Based Patient Survey.

Background: The Internet is commonly used as a source of health information, but little is known about the Internet practices specific to cancer patients. Objective: To understand cancer patients’ use of the Internet as an informational resource and for social support. Methods: The researchers conducted a survey of 1282 patients at a comprehensive cancer center to assess frequency of Internet access and online behaviors. Results: Of the cancer patients surveyed, 1096 (85.49%) had Internet access; of those with Internet access, 953 (86.95%) reported going online at least weekly, and 747 (68.16%) reported daily online activity. Grouping Internet users by their level of online social engagement revealed that out of 1096 users, 331 (30.20%) had not sought out social connections online, 227 (20.71%) had read about experiences from other cancer patients, 410 (37.41%) had also written about their personal experiences, and 128 (11.68%) had participated in a formal online group for cancer patients. Increased online social engagement was associated with an increased perception that the Internet was useful for social support. Conclusions: Internet use among cancer patients was common, and most patients reported that they found useful information about their cancer diagnosis online. Cancer patients who actively posted or shared content perceived more social support from the Internet than those who used the Internet solely as an informational resource or to read about other cancer patients’ experiences. Physicians have a great opportunity to direct users to quality health information on the Web. [JMIR Cancer 2016;2(2):e10]
P023 Direct transmission of HLA report to electronic medical record via cold feed interface

Aim Direct transmission of patient results via an interface from HLA database to hospital electronic medical record (EMR) eliminates redundant data entry. Transmission capability can be expanded from “discrete” data to “non-discrete” data, such as pdf-formatted reports that allows incorporation of images, figures, and tables. We used COLD Feed (Computer Output to Laser Disc, GE Healthcare) and achieved direct transmission of pdf-formatted patient’s reports from HLA database to EMR. COLD Feed is an interface that uses Health Level 7 (HL7) standardized protocol to transfer clinical and administrative data between software applications, including EMR by major vendors. Method We used HistoTrac (SystemLink,Inc.) as a HLA database software and PowerChart (Cerner Corp) which is our hospital EMR. HLA report (pdf-format) was generated by HistoTrac upon result review. Sign-off of each report triggers assignment of a unique file name (pdf) and transmission to a shared folder. The pdf file name consists of a sequence of numbers and letters which consists of patient’s medical record number (MRN), occasion of service number (OOS) that specifies each hospital visit, shared file name, sample date, sign-out date and time. COLD feed searches the shared file every minute, finds reports, and automatically transmits to each patient’s EMR at a specific location, using sample information that are embedded in a file name. Results We validated direct transmission of HLA report via COLD feed. Based on Donor/Patient and transplant types, pdf- report contents were selected to include HLA typing (high or low resolution), ambiguity strings, %PRA, HLA antibody specificity, chimerism results, platelet glycoprotein antibody, and disclaimers. Regardless of report types, typical reporting process consists of report generation (1–3 min), tech review (1–5 min), director review (1–5 min), and report transmission via COLD feed to EMR (2–5 min). Conclusion Direct transmission of pdf-report to EMR via COLD feed significantly improved the reporting process, by ability to transmit combinations of various results (typing, antibody, chimerism % donor, etc) in one report, elimination of redundant manual entry, and quick direct uploading to EMR.
Continuous cerebral hemodynamic measurement during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

While survival of children with complex congenital heart defects has improved in recent years, roughly half suffer neurological deficits suspected to be related to cerebral ischemia. Here we report the first demonstration of optical diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for continuous and non-invasive monitoring of cerebral microvascular blood flow during complex human neonatal or cardiac surgery. Comparison between DCS and Doppler ultrasound flow measurements during deep hypothermia, circulatory arrest, and rewarming were in good agreement. Looking forward, DCS instrumentation, alone and with NIRS, could provide access to flow and metabolic biomarkers needed by clinicians to adjust neuroprotective therapy during surgery.
A Multi-Technique Reconfigurable Electrochemical Biosensor: Enabling Personal Health Monitoring in Mobile Devices

This paper describes the design and characterization of a reconfigurable, multi-technique electrochemical biosensor designed for direct integration into smartphone and wearable technologies to enable remote and accurate personal health monitoring. By repurposing components from one mode to the next, the biosensor’s potentiostat is able reconfigure itself into three different measurements modes to perform amperometric, potentiometric, and impedance spectroscopic tests all with minimal redundant devices. A $3.9\times 1.65\ \text{cm}^2$ PCB prototype of the module was developed with discrete components and tested using Google’s Project Ara modular smartphone. The amperometric mode has a $\pm$ 1 nA to $\pm 200\ \mu\text{A}$ measurement range. When used to detect pH, the potentiometric mode achieves a resolution of $\Omega$ –10 $\text{M}\Omega$ and has been shown to have $ of phase error. This prototype was used to perform several point-of-care health tracking assays suitable for use with mobile devices: 1) Blood glucose tests were conducted and shown to cover the diagnostic range for Diabetic patients ( $\sim$ 200 mg/dL). 2) Lactoferrin, a biomarker for urinary tract infections, was detected with a limit of detection of approximately 1 ng/mL. 3) pH tests of sweat were conducted to track dehydration during exercise. 4) EIS was used to determine the concentration of NeutrAvidin via a label-free assay.
Encantar al pueblo, devolverle la ilusión... "para que los grandes sueños colectivos no desaparezcan"

El Dr. Luis Ortega fue invitado por el C.E.Hi.R, el G.E.Hi.So. y la Secretaria de Extension de la Facultad de Humanidades de la U.N.Comahue a mediados del ano 1997 para dictar una serie de conferencias en torno a la problematica economica del Chile en el siglo XIX y comienzos del actual. En esa oportunidad accedio a la siguiente entrevista.
In their own words: Overcoming barriers during the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities who experienced foster care

Abstract The transition to adulthood can be especially challenging for youth who experience the foster care system. These challenges are magnified for youth with disabilities, who account for at least 40–47% of all children in foster care (Powers et al., 2012). In order to move from a deficit-based to a strength-based approach, this qualitative study focused on understanding the lived experience of transitioning to adulthood for alumni of foster care with disabilities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven young adults who had exited care over a six-month time period. Participants described their journeys from foster care to independence and articulated a vision for a successful adulthood. Key themes that emerged included a desire for stability and personal fulfillment in adult life. Participants also identified common barriers encountered including unmet mental health needs and lack of disability awareness or the implications of mental health diagnosis. Personal strengths that helped overcome those barriers included resilience, advocacy, and self-determination.
Framing influences aggregate judgments of learning

Previous research has focused on what internal and external cues influence metacognitive judgment, but has failed to thoroughly explore the impact of the question itself. Framing is known to influence judgments such as product quality (Levin & Gaeth, 1988) and confidence in trivia answers (Koriat, Lichtenstein, & Fischhoff, 1980). In these experiments, students were asked to estimate their amount of learning and improvement, with either positive or negative frames, or estimate average learning and improvement of students in a hypothetical learning situation. The results were that framing influences judgments of learning in a learning situation, but not in a hypothetical scenario, suggesting a selfenhancement bias.
Very high magnesium calcite formation and microbial communities found in porosity of the Seroe Domi Formation of Curacao, Netherland Antilles

Pores in the Seroe Domi Formation on Curacao contain large quantities of clay minerals, organic material, and protodolomite or very high-magnesium calcite (VHMC) crystals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) applied to bio-sectioned rock samples showed the in situ relationship between the organic material, clay minerals, and VHMC. Dumbbells, consisting of two globular bodies connected by a narrow waist, ~20 mm in length and 5–8 mm wide, characterize the organic masses. The dumbbells are coated by clay minerals. VHMC crystals grew from nucleation points within microbial films and sheaths that surround the dumbbells. DNA extraction for 16 s rRNA gene analysis revealed the presence of sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria, a variety of marine cyanophytes, bacteridetes, and proteobacteria, plus freshwater cyanophytes within the rock samples. This study provides evidence from a new field locality for the microbial nucleation and growth of VHMC associated with clay minerals, and the in situ appearance of microbial dumbbells associated with dolomite. Additionally, this study is the first to reveal the internal structure of these dumbbell features indicating that they are organic in origin with crystalline material in the surrounding sheath.
Rates of Intraocular Pressure Elevation and Use of Topical Antihypertensive Medication After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty.

PURPOSE To investigate intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and medication augmentation after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in those with and without glaucoma. METHODS The records of 379 patients who underwent DSAEK at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between January 2009 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative IOP elevations were considered significant if IOP was ≥22 mm Hg on at least 1 follow-up visit or if it increased by ≥10 mm Hg from baseline. RESULTS The incidence rate of IOP elevation was 4% per person-month (confidence interval [CI], 3%-6%) in patients with preexisting glaucoma and 3% (CI, 2%-4%) in those without. Rates of medication augmentation were 4% per person-month (CI, 3%-5%) in patients with glaucoma and 1.8% (CI, 1.4%-2.4%) in those without. Incidence rates for both outcomes peaked at 1 month. Whites had nearly a 47% lower incidence of IOP elevation compared with nonwhites (P = 0.004); patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy had a 54% higher incidence of IOP elevation (P = 0.024); and those with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy had a 36% lower incidence (P = 0.024). Patients with glaucoma had over a 2-fold higher incidence of medication augmentation compared with those without (hazard rate ratio = 2.08, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of post-DSAEK IOP elevation did not significantly differ by glaucoma status, although patients with glaucoma were more likely to have escalation of topical antihypertensive therapy. The incidence of IOP elevation was significantly associated with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and nonwhite race. These patients should be followed closely in the early postoperative period, as elevated IOP can be a serious consequence of DSAEK.
Lénárt-Cheng, Helga, and Zsuzsa Vajdovics. 2015. Lénárd Sándor: Világok Vándora ['Alexander Lenard: Wanderer of Worlds']. Budapest: L’Harmattan. 180 pp. Illus.

Lenart-Cheng, Helga, and Zsuzsa Vajdovics. 2015. Lenard Sandor: Vilagok Vandora ['Alexander Lenard: Wanderer of Worlds']. Budapest: L’Harmattan. 180 pp. Illus.
Gamete intrafallopian transfer: ethical considerations, historical development of the procedure, and comparison with other advanced reproductive technologies

Objective To report on ethical considerations regarding GIFT as well as the developmental history of the procedure and to review the literature and compare it with other advanced reproductive technologies (ARTs). Design Indications, patient screening, recent evaluations, methods of ovarian hyperstimulation and oocyte retrieval-assessment, gamete transfer and pregnancy outcome are discussed in this review. A comparison of GIFT with other ARTs is also attempted. Main Outcome Measures Gamete intrafallopian transfer pregnancy determination and outcome. Conclusions Gamete intrafallopian transfer is an ethically acceptable procedure by different religious groups. In a selected group of patients, GIFT is an acceptable and, in some occasions, a preferable procedure to other ARTs
Reply to Eaton and Wolynes: How do proteins fold?

Eaton and Wolynes (1) take issue with our recent paper on protein folding (2) in which we compare the defined-pathway model (3, 4) and the many-pathway funneled-energy landscape model (5, 6) with informative experimental results. Eaton and Wolynes (1) do not dispute our main points. Over a dozen proteins have now been shown to be constructed of separately cooperative foldon units. They fold through foldon-dependent intermediates in well-defined pathways. Multiple alternative pathways, if they existed, would have been seen in these experiments; they have not. The multiple trajectories visualized in the funneled-landscape … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: engl{at}mail.med.upenn.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Quantifying Meniscal Kinematics in Dogs

The dog has been used extensively as an experimental model to study meniscal treatments such as meniscectomy, meniscal repair, transplantation and regeneration. However, there is very little information on meniscal kinematics in the dog. This study used MR imaging to quantify in vitro meniscal kinematics in loaded dog knees in four distinct poses: extension, flexion, internal and external rotation. A new method was used to track the meniscal poses along the convex and posteriorly tilted tibial plateau. Meniscal displacements were large, displacing 13.5 mm and 13.7 mm posteriorly on average for the lateral and medial menisci during flexion (p = 0.90). The medial anterior horn and lateral posterior horns were the most mobile structures, showing average translations of 15.9 mm and 15.1 mm, respectively. Canine menisci are highly mobile and exhibit movements that correlate closely with the relative tibiofemoral positions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
A tribute to Victor H. Gonzalez: Twenty years of melittological contributions.

In celebration of the 40th birthday of Victor H. Gonzalez, melittologist and founding assistant editor of the Journal of Melittology , we provide here a brief biographical sketch and summary of his contributions to melittological science during his 20 years of active research. We tabulate his 154 publications (including published abstracts and reviews), along with his 99 species-, six genus-, and one family-group names (all but three have been for bees).
Boundary Conditions of Ethical Leadership: Exploring Supervisor-Induced and Job Hindrance Stress as Potential Inhibitors

It is widely accepted that ethical leadership is beneficial for the organization, the leader, and followers. Yet, little has been said about potential limitations of ethical leadership, particularly boundary conditions involving the same person perceived to display ethical leadership. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we argue that supervisor-induced hindrance stress and job hindrance stress are factors linked to the supervisor and work environment that may limit the positive impact of ethical leadership on employee deviance and turnover intentions. Specifically, we expect that high levels of hindrance stress drain resources, specifically perceptions of social support, by inhibiting the completion of work, particularly in combination with the high expectations of ethical leaders. We test our model across two time-lagged field studies (N = 310 and N = 299). Our results demonstrate that supervisor-induced hindrance stress mitigates some of the beneficial impact of ethical leadership and that job hindrance stress further strains these relationships. Overall, our results suggest that both forms of hindrance stress jointly impact the effectiveness of ethical leadership on important outcomes, and do so partly because of their influence on perceived social support. We discuss theoretical contributions to the ethical leadership and stress bodies of literature, as well as practical implications for managers and organizations wishing to develop ethical leaders.
Low latency parallel implementation of traditionally-called stochastic circuits using deterministic shuffling networks

Stochastic Computing (SC) in recent years has been defined as a digital computation approach that operates on streams of random bits that represent probability values. In a bit-stream representing probability x, each bit has probability x of being 1. Using this simple assumption, SC can perform complex tasks with much smaller hardware footprints compared to conventional binary methods: e.g., a simple AND gate can perform multiplication between two uncorrelated bit-streams. Previous methods on SC circuits either relied on (1) randomness in the input bit streams, or (2) more recently, performing full convolution of deterministic streams to achieve exact computation results. The problem with the first method is that it introduces high random fluctuations and hence high variability in the results. The second method results in exponential increase in the length of the bit stream as circuit depth increases. Both of these methods suffer from very long latencies and neither is readily adaptable for parallel implementations. Our work presents a significant improvement over previous work: it provides a deterministic parallel bit shuffling network that can use a simple deterministic thermometer encoding of data, resulting in zero random fluctuation and high accuracy, yet keeping the output bit stream length constant. We use core “stochastic” logic circuits that do not employ constant coefficients, making them significantly smaller than traditional stochastic logic that potentially use a significant amount of resources to generate such constant coefficients. We show results on feed-forward and feedback circuits and show that our method on average has an area × delay value that is 10.6x smaller than of conventional binary and 7.9x smaller than previous stochastic work at 10-bit binary resolutions.
Comparison of fracture behavior of defective armchair and zigzag graphene nanoribbons

Molecular dynamics simulations of armchair graphene nanoribbons and zigzag graphene nanoribbons with different sizes were performed at room temperature. Double vacancy defects were introduced in ea...
Imaging Insights on the Aorta in Aging

The aorta has 2 main functions, conduit and cushion, and is designed to transmit blood to the periphery and buffer pulsatile stress from ventricular contraction. In the interaction between the structural and functional changes of the aorta, aging and disease processes impact on aortic material properties and hemodynamics. For a comprehensive assessment of changes in aortic structure and function associated with aging and disease, noninvasive cardiovascular imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging, have recently been developed. Magnetic resonance imaging allows for direct and accurate measurement of different aortic characteristics including structural measures such as aortic area or volume, aortic length, curvature, and aortic wall thickness and functional measures such as aortic strain, distensibility, and pulse wave velocity. Excellent reproducibility of magnetic resonance imaging methods allows us to assess the response of the whole aorta to both pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies. Aortic flow and functional assessment could be added to clinical routine cardiac magnetic resonance as a comprehensive imaging modality primarily performed for the noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular function, left ventricular load, and vascular/ventricular coupling. New techniques such as 4-dimensional flow could provide and further elucidate the combined age-related effects of altered aortic geometry and function. This following review will describe the pathophysiological aspects of the aorta and the ability, value, and prospects of cardiovascular imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging, to study age-related changes in aortic structure and function and assess the relationship between these alterations and cardiovascular disease.
Interface trapping in (2¯01) β-Ga2O3 MOS capacitors with deposited dielectrics

The electrical properties of interfaces and the impact of post-deposition annealing have been investigated in gate oxides formed by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD SiO2) and atomic layer deposition (Al2O3) on ( 2¯01) oriented n-type β-Ga2O3 single crystals. Capacitance-voltage based methods have been used to extract the interface state densities, including densities of slow ‘border’ traps at the dielectric-Ga2O3 interfaces. It was observed that SiO2-β-Ga2O3 has a higher interface and border trap density than the Al2O3-β-Ga2O3. An increase in shallow interface states was also observed at the Al2O3-β-Ga2O3 interface after post-deposition annealing at higher temperature suggesting the high temperature annealing to be detrimental for Al2O3-Ga2O3 interfaces. Among the different dielectrics studied, LPCVD SiO2 was found to have the lowest dielectric leakage and the highest breakdown field, consistent with a higher conduction band-offset. These results are important for the processing of high performance β-Ga2O3 MOS devices as these factors will critically impact channel transport, threshold voltage stability, and device reliability.
Critical probabilities in percolation models

A survey of mathematical percolation theory is presented, concentrating on the concept of the critical probability. Various interpretations of critical probability are considered, and the method of rigorous determination of exact critical probability values is outlined.
Development and dominance of Douglas-fir in North American rainforests

Abstract One of the five tallest tree species, Pseudotsuga menziesii has enormous economic and ecological importance, but rainforests dominated by this species are not as well understood as their drier montane counterparts. We climbed and measured 30 trees up to 97 m tall growing in coastal forests of the Olympic Peninsula and northern California to quantify structural attributes—leaves, bark, cambium, sapwood, heartwood, deadwood, biomass, growth increments, and age—and combined these with an equal number of trees up to 85 m tall growing in forests of the Cascade Mountains to develop allometric equations based on ground-level predictors. After comparing new equations to those previously published, we applied the best available equations for tall forests to predict aboveground quantities of all vascular plant species in 12 ha of Olympic and Cascade forests. The largest (117 Mg) and one of the oldest (615 years) trees we studied had the highest biomass increment (305 kg yr−1), but age had a negative effect on current and long-term growth increments. After accounting for variation in tree size and aboveground vigor, older trees produced less wood annually and grew less efficiently than younger trees. Size of P. menziesii trees increased more rapidly, and the proportion of biomass and leaf area in P. menziesii decreased more slowly, in Olympic than Cascade forests over six centuries following stand-replacing fire. Maximum aboveground biomass (1999 Mg ha−1) and carbon density (994 Mg ha−1) occurred in a Cascade forest with high abundance of three conifer species (P. menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla, Thuja plicata), but maximum P. menziesii biomass (1289 Mg ha−1) occurred in an Olympic forest with 50 trees ha−1 up to 90 m tall. Vulnerability to wood decay fungi and dependence on fire for stand dominance limit P. menziesii biomass accumulation in rainforests.
Critical and Respiratory Care in Neuromuscular Disorders

Critical care of patients with neuromuscular disease has evolved over the years to include diagnosis, recognition, and management of the natural progression of these disorders as well as the treatments, potential side effects, and comorbid illnesses that are often seen in the intensive care units. In this chapter, we discuss the general critical care approach, the basic changes in pulmonary function, the electrodiagnostic testing, and the pulmonary aspects of the neuromuscular disorders seen in the ICU. We also discuss long-term respiratory care and management of chronic respiratory failure since it constitutes an essential aspect of medical care in patients with progressive neuromuscular diseases.
An exploratory study of acidic ammonothermal growth in a TZM autoclave at high temperatures

Abstract Recently, we have reported on the use of the titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy (TZM) as an autoclave material for acidic ammonothermal growth of bulk GaN using chloride based mineralizers. Here, we discuss the trends of growths with temperatures ranging from 650 to 900 °C at pressures around 100 MPa in a TZM autoclave. The resulting crystal quality as measured by x-ray diffraction appears to be dependent upon growth thickness. Secondary ion mass spectrometry studies of impurities such as O, H, Cl, and Fe show a tendency to decrease with increasing growth thickness, with concentrations ranging from 10 18 to 10 20 cm −3 for O and H, and 5 × 10 16 to 5 × 10 18 cm −3 for Fe. Cl did not have a standard to quantify the concentration. Ti increased in concentration with increasing growth rate with a range of 4 × 10 14 –1 × 10 17 cm −3 . C had steady concentrations between 3 × 10 16 and 5 × 10 17 cm −3 and the Mo concentration was measured in the low 10 16 cm −3 or less. Zr did not have a standard and thus could not be quantified but was near the detection limit in all cases. The instability of the ammonia solvent at high temperatures requires very high pressures for ammonothermal growth above 800 °C but short-term growth has been demonstrated up to 900 °C.
Disparities in the allocation of research funding to gynecologic cancers by Funding to Lethality scores

Abstract Purpose To analyze National Cancer Institute (NCI) funding distributions to gynecologic cancers compared to other cancers from 2007 to 2014. Methods The NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), Cancer Trends Progress Report, and Funding Statistics were used to analyze 18 cancer sites. Site-specific mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) were normalized per 100 cases and multiplied by person-years of life lost to derive cancer-specific lethality. NCI funding was divided by its lethality to calculate Funding to Lethality scores for gynecologic malignancies and compared to 15 other cancer sites. Results Ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancers ranked 10th (score 0.097, SD 0.008), 12th (0.087, SD 0.009), and 14th (0.057, SD 0.006) for average Funding to Lethality scores. The highest average score was for prostate cancer (score 1.182, SD 0.364). In U.S. dollars per 100 incident cases, prostate cancer received an average of $1,821,000 per person-years of life lost, while ovarian cancer received $97,000, cervical cancer $87,000, and uterine cancer $57,000. Ovarian and cervical cancers had lower average Funding to Lethality scores compared to nine other cancers, while uterine cancer was lower than 13 other cancers (p Conclusion Funding to Lethality scores for gynecologic cancers are significantly lower than other cancer sites, indicating a disparity in funding allocation that persists over the most recent eight years of available data. Prompt correction is required to ensure critical discoveries for women with gynecologic cancers.