cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrete Logarithms and Diffie Hellman

In 1976, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman published their now famous paper [38] entitled “New Directions in Cryptography.” In this paper they formulated the concept of a public key encryption system and made several groundbreaking contributions to this new field. A short time earlier, Ralph Merkle had independently isolated one of the fundamental problems and invented a public key construction for an undergraduate project in a computer science class at Berkeley, but this was little understood at the time. Merkle’s work “Secure communication over insecure channels” appeared in 1982 [83].
Internet QoS Routing Using the Bellman-Ford Algorithm

Multimedia applications are Quality of Service (QoS) sensitive, which makes QoS support indispensable in high speed Integrated Services Packet Networks (ISPN). An important aspect is QoS routing, namely, the provision of QoS routes at session set up time based on user request and information about available network resources. This paper develops optimal QoS routing algorithms within an Autonomous System (AS). Previous approaches have been based either on minimizing a single metric (delay, for instance) or a combination of multiple metrics, optimizing one at a time, in a hierarchical fashion. Our approach finds minimum hop paths which satisfy multiple QoS constraints. We argue that a QoS version of the Bellman-Ford routing algorithm provides the best strategy for QoS routing problems of a given type. We show that Bellman-Ford is very powerful in solving most multiple constrained routing problems arising in a flat network (within an autonomous system), if the minimum hop is the main objective function. We further illustrate the importance of Bellman-Ford QoS routing algorithms with regard to network utilization and session blocking through simulation experiments.
Signaling properties of Ascaris motorneurons: graded active responses, graded synaptic transmission, and tonic transmitter release

The commissural motorneurons of the nematode Ascaris are capable of transmitting signals passively over long distances with little decrement. This ability is due to the high resistivities of their membranes (Davis and Stretton, 1989). Although these cells rely on their passive properties for long-distance signaling, voltage-sensitive channels are present in commissural membranes. These channels underlie the graded active responses that can be elicited at the offset of abrupt hyperpolarizing and depolarizing intracellular current pulses. The inhibitory motorneurons generate membrane potential oscillations when they are strongly depolarized. All-or-none action potentials have never been observed to occur spontaneously, nor has it been possible to evoke them even when the cells have been strongly hyperpolarized to remove any possible channel inactivation. Our findings indicate that the typical all-or-none action potentials so commonly used in nerve cells throughout the animal kingdom do not occur in these cells. Synaptic transmission is therefore mediated without spikes and is graded. The resting potentials of Ascaris motorneurons lie where the synaptic input-output curves are steepest, above the threshold for release of neurotransmitter. Tonic transmitter release from commissural motorneurons may be the neural mechanism underlying the hydrostatic skeleton of Ascaris.
Horizontal Impact Sled for Crash Testing of Vehicle Structures

This paper describes the development of a reliable test device for crash testing of structural components and/or conceptual designs to provide the needed feedback to the design and development processs and to aid in the verification of analytical predictive techniques. The facility is a horizontal impact device, which accelerates and decelerates a sled for dynamic testing of vehicle structures and kinematic studies of a dummy occupant interacting with vehicle interiors and restraining systems. The facility is composed of a moveable carriage (sled) mounted on tracks and driven into a fixed barrier by a pneumatic propulsion system. The system is capable of accelerating a 2300 lb. mass to 45 mph prior to impact. The associated instrumentation and data acquisition system including the facility's control system are described. System performance is evaluated and operating curves are defined for various impact lengths and accelerated run lengths. In addition, various features of the facility are described with illustrations of dynamic tests of vehicle structural components and assemblies, and studies of dummy kinematics. (TRRL)
Adenocarcinoma Complicating Columnar Epithelium-lined (Barrett’s) Esophagus

Prolonged reflux esophagitis leads to replacement of the esophageal squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium in some patients. This columnar epithelium resembles gastric or intestinal mucosa and has been implicated as a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. A review of 14 cases of primary esophageal adenocarcinoma disclosed that 12 (86%) arose in a columnar epithelium-lined (Barrett’s) esophagus. Ten of the 12 patients had a hiatal hernia or symptoms of reflux esophagitis or both. In ten patients the columnar epithelium adjacent to and remote from the invasive adenocarcinoma showed a spectrum of abnormalities ranging from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ . These data support the concept that esophageal adenocarcinoma is one complication of a columnar epithelium-lined esophagus, and suggest that the invasive carcinoma evolves through a sequence of epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ in most cases. Esophageal biopsy and cytology can detect this dysplasia, and should provide an effective means for monitoring patients with Barrett’s esophagus for impending malignancy.
Numerical Pseudopotentials within DV-Xα Framework

ABSTRACT Construction of numerical pseudopotentials from HF or HFS solutions to the atomic Hamiltonians and their incorporation into the program suites based on direct numerical integration schemes are presented. Several test calculations have shown the pseudopotential approach to be reliable in reproduction of the all-electron eigenvalues of free molecules. The most promising application of numerical pseudopotentials and pseudoorbitals appears to be the simulation of bulk and surfaces. A solid is simulated by a cluster embedded in a surrounding lattice, whose nodes are supplied with pseudopotentials which do not allow the cluster wavefunction to decay exponentially. Some ( MgO ) n clusters were considered as the test examples. The results of calculations demonstrate good performance of the approach in simulating the bulk and surface of the MgO crystal.
MANGANESE SCHIFF′S BASE COMPLEXES PART 1, SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPY OF SOME ANION COMPLEXES OF (4-SEC-BUTYLSALICYLALDEHYDEETHYLENEDIIMINATO)MANGANESE(III)

Abstract A series of new five-coordinate complexes of the type [Mn(BuSalen) X ] where BuSalen is the tetradentate Schiff's base 4-sec-butylsalicylaldehydeethylenediimine and X equals F − , Cl − , Br − , I − , N 3 − , NCS − , OCN − , NO 2 − and C 2 H 3 O 2 − have been synthesized and characterized. I.R. and electronic absorption spectra have been measured and tentative band assignments made. The room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements on the complexes in chloroform and dimethysulfoxide solution yield magnetic moments of ∼4·9 B.M., i.e. the expected spin only value for high spin Mn(III). Conversely, magnetic moments of the solid complexes range from 4·2 to 5·0 B.M. depending on the anion. It is suggested that the lowering of the moment is due to the formation of dimers with antiferromagnetic interaction, in the solid.
Organizational differences in early child health care -- mothers' and nurses' experiences of the services.

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 161–168 Organizational differences in early child health care – Mothers’ and nurses’ experiences of the services Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate parents’ and nurses’ perceptions of the child health services (CHS) in relation to whether the nurse worked exclusively with children (focused-child health centre, CHC) vs. with people of all ages (mixed-CHC). Method: Information about parents’ perceptions about the CHS was acquired by a questionnaire intended for the mothers of 18-month-old children. One thousand thirty-nine answered in the baseline 2002–2003 and 996 in the follow-up 2004–2005. The nurses answered a special questionnaire aimed to obtain knowledge about their satisfaction with their work. Eighteen CHCs were chosen from the county of Uppsala and eighteen from other Swedish counties. The CHCs were chosen from areas with poor psycho-social status. The data were collected by questionnaires to mothers and nurses, and the analysis used the chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the universities involved. Results: Mothers were more satisfied, and the nurses found their work tasks easier, at CHCs where the child health nurse worked exclusively with children, compared with mothers and nurses belonging to CHCs where the nurses provided care to people of all ages. Conclusion: The findings indicated that nurses working exclusively with children, being able to concentrate their time and knowledge on a specialized field, develop a more solid child health competence. There are strong reasons to consider introducing ‘exclusive’ CHCs in psycho-socially vulnerable areas, which would probably make the services more effective. However, intensified education may modify the drawbacks of mixed-CHCs.
Presurgical Evaluations in Children with Pathology Confirmed Focal Cortical Dysplasia (S60.007)

OBJECTIVE: To describe presurgical evaluations in children with pathology confirmed focal cortical dysplasia. BACKGROUND: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common pathology in children with medically refractory epilepsy. Presurgical evaluations rely on MRI and other noninvasive modalities in the absence of concordant focal MRI or EEG findings. DESIGN/METHODS: Single-center, retrospective study of children <18 years who underwent resective surgery between 2000 and 2012 with pathology proven FCD. Favorable surgical outcome was defined as Engel class I/II, and unfavorable as III/IV. RESULTS: Thirty-nine children were identified (male 67%). The median age of seizure onset was 11 months (IQR 1-48); median duration of epilepsy prior to surgery was 43 months (IQR 11-116). Focal seizures were present in 37 patients (95%). Two patients (5%) had epileptic spasms only. MRI brain was consistent with FCD (MRI+FCD) in 18 patients (46%), showed other abnormalities (MRI+abnormal) in 18 (46%) and was normal (MRI-) in 3 (8%). Noninvasive video-EEG in 11/18 patients (61%) showed focal ictal onset concordant with MRI+FCD. Among those without focal ictal EEG onset, subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI (SISCOM) revealed localizing abnormality in 12/19 patients (63%) and FDG-PET in 5/19 (37%). Intracranial video-EEG monitoring was performed in MRI+FCD 4/18 patients (22%), MRI+abnormal 9/18 (50%), and MRI- 3/3 (100%). Overall, 27/39 patients (69%) achieved favorable outcome at median last follow up of 16 months (IQR 7-50), including 20 who were seizure-free. Among those with MRI+FCD, favorable outcome was seen in all 4 patients who underwent intracranial EEG monitoring vs 9/14 (64%) who did not (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among children with pathology-confirmed FCD, about half of the patients have MRI+FCD findings. Noninvasive modalities such as SISCOM/PET should be considered to further localize seizure focus. Favorable outcome is achieved in about 2/3 of patients and does not seem to be affected by intracranial EEG monitoring. Disclosure: Dr. Mrelashvili has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nickels has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wirrell has received research support from the Mayo Foundation. Dr. Wong-Kisiel has nothing to disclose.
Representative democracy and the implementation of majority-preferred alternatives

In this paper, we contrast direct and representative democracy. In a direct democracy, individuals have the opportunity to vote over the alternatives in every choice problem the population faces. In a representative democracy, the population commits to a candidate ex ante who will then make choices on its behalf. While direct democracy is normatively appealing, representative democracy is the far more common institution because of its practical advantages. The key question, then, is whether representative democracy succeeds in implementing the choices that the group would make under direct democracy. We find that, in general, it does not. We model a population as a distribution of voters with strict preferences over a finite set of alternatives and a candidate as a strict ordering of those alternatives that serves as a binding, contingent plan of action. We focus on the case where the direct democracy choices of the population are consistent with a strict ordering of the alternatives. We show that even in this case, where the normative recommendation of direct democracy is clearest, representative democracy may not elect the candidate with this ordering.
Width-Based Restart Policies for Clause-Learning Satisfiability Solvers

In this paper, we present a new class of restart policies, called width-based policies, for modern clause-learning SAT solvers. The new policies encourage the solvers to find refutation proofs with small widths by determining restarting points based on the sizes of conflict clauses learned rather than the number of conflicts experienced by the solvers. We show that width-based restart policies can outperform traditional restart policies on some special classes of SAT problems. We then propose different ways of adjusting the width parameter of the policies. Our experiment on industrial problems shows that width-based policies are competitive with the restart policy used by many state-of-the-art solvers. Moreover, we find that the combination of these two types of restart policies yields improvements on many classes of problems.
A Comparison of Spatio-temporal Interpolation Methods

This paper analyzes spatio-temporal interpolation methods based on shape functions, namely, the ST product and the tetrahedral methods. These methods yield data that can be represented and queried in constraint database systems. That is an advantage, because there are many constraint database queries that are not expressible in current geographic information systems. We illustrate and test our approach on an actual real estate database. The interpolations for house prices per square foot are compared on accuracy, storage requirement, error-proneness to time aggregation, and difficulty of representation. It is shown that the best method yields a spatio-temporal interpolation that estimates house prices (per square foot) with approximately 10 percent error, is less error-prone, and uses only linear constraints, which can be implemented in several recent constraint database systems.
SEARCH FOR LIGHT-TO-HEAVY QUARK FLAVOR CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS IN νμN AND ${\bar \nu}_\mu N$ SCATTERING

We report on a search for flavor-changing neutral-currents (FCNC) in the production of heavy quarks in deep inelastic νμN and ${\bar \nu}_\mu N$ scattering by the NuTeV experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. This measurement, made possible by the high-purity NuTeV sign-selected beams, probes for FCNC in heavy flavors at the quark level and is uniquely sensitive to neutrino couplings of potential FCNC mediators. All searches are consistent with zero, and limits on the effective mixing strengths |Vus|2, |Vdb|2, and |Vsb|2 are obtained.
Seasonal Movement Patterns of Inconnu in an Arctic Estuary Delta Complex

AbstractInconnu Stenodus leucichthys are a large, long-lived, piscivorous whitefish harvested in subsistence and sport fisheries in Alaska. In the Kotzebue region of northwestern Alaska, Inconnu are one of the most important food fishes, with 20,000+ fish being harvested each year. This study was conducted to describe the summer and winter distribution of Inconnu from the Hotham Inlet–Selawik Lake delta complex, Alaska, between 2010 and 2012. Data collection methods consisted of surgically implanting acoustic telemetry tags in 80 fish from both the Selawik and Kobuk rivers in 2010 and 2011 (n = 320 total) and deploying a fixed array of 20 acoustic receiving stations throughout Selawik Lake and Hotham Inlet. Tagged Inconnu detections revealed that individuals from the Selawik and Kobuk rivers displayed a high degree of spatial and temporal overlap while colocated in the Hotham Inlet–Selawik Lake complex during both sampling years. During the winter period, tagged fish from both rivers predominately occupie...
Anne Evans: Assessment of a Biotechnology Market Opportunity

This case describes Anne Evans’ search for a market opportunity in the biotechnology industry, and examines the feasibility of establishing a new venture to exploit this opportunity. The drug devel...
Quantum time-dependent treatment of molecular collisions: scattering of He by H2(B1Σ+u)

Abstract Computational limitations of using a time-dependent quantum method to study He+H 2 (B) scattering are presented with an analysis of the consequences of the approximation to a 2D model.
Response of brain oxygenation and metabolism to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in newborn piglets: comparison of pH-stat and alpha-stat strategies.

Background To determine the effect of pH-stat as compared with alpha-stat management on brain oxygenation, level of striatal extracellular dopamine, phosphorylation, and levels of protein kinase B (Akt) and cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), and levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, Bcl-2, and Bax in a piglet model of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Methods The piglets were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), cooled with pH-stat or alpha-stat to 18°C, subjected to 90 minutes of DHCA, rewarmed, weaned from CPB, and maintained for two hours recovery. The cortical oxygen was measured by: quenching of phosphorescence; dopamine by microdialysis; phosphorylation of CREB (p-CREB), ERK (p-ERK) 1/2, Akt (p-Akt), and level of Bcl-2, Bax by Western blots. Results Oxygen pressure histograms for the microvasculature of the cortex show substantially higher oxygen levels during cooling and during the oxygen depletion period after cardiac arrest (up to 15 minutes) when using pH-stat compared with alpha-stat management. Significant increases in dopamine occurred at 45 minutes and 60 minutes of DHCA in the alpha-stat and pH-stat groups, respectively. The p-CREB and p-Akt in the pH-stat group were significantly higher than in the alpha-stat group (140 ± 9%, p p p Conclusions The increase in p-CREB, p-Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax, and delay in increase of dopamine indicated that pH-stat, in the piglet model, prolongs "safe" time of DHCA and provides some brain protection against ischemic injury.
Crystal growth and precision lattice constants of some Ln2(WO4)3-type rare earth tungstates

Single crystals of the title compounds with Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Eu have been grown by the Czochralski technique, and their cell parameters and melting points were determined accurately. All compounds crystallize in the prototype C2c symmetry, and apparently only La2(WO4)3 exhibits a phase transition between room temperature and the melting point. Cell volumes vary linearly with (ionic radius)3.
Subjects with a history of drug dependence are more aggressive than subjects with no drug use history

Aggressive responding was compared between 29 subjects with a history of substance dependence and 24 subjects with no drug use history, using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm. The hypothesis was that subjects from the substance dependence history group would emit more aggressive responses than subjects with no drug use history. The substance dependence history group emitted more aggressive responses per session than the non drug using group (F(1,49) = 14.867, P = 0.032). These results are consistent with previous studies that have reported an association between aggression and drug abuse or dependence.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Induces Prenatal Neovascularization and Alters Bronchial Development in Mice

Pulmonary vascular development requires precise temporal and spatial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Diminished expression of VEGF-A in preterm infants may contribute to the pathophysiology of respiratory distress syndrome. Because exogenous replacement of VEGF-A has been proposed as a therapeutic for respiratory distress syndrome, we used conditional activation of VEGF-A in bronchial epithelial cells to assess the effects of increase of VEGF-A on lung morphogenesis and survival in the developing mouse. Increased expression of VEGF-A in late stages of gestation was lethal at birth. Although born alive, the pups remained cyanotic and failed to establish respiration. Vascular and epithelial morphology of the main bronchus and primary and secondary bronchi were altered with neovascularization of the mucosal folds and partial obstruction of the conducting airways. Erythrocytes were observed in the pulmonary interstitium and in intra-alveolar spaces, indicating vascular leak. Increased diameter of pulmonary arteries and angioectatic structures were observed in VEGF-expressing mice. Bronchial expression of VEGF-A alters late-stage morphogenesis of conducting airways and primary bronchial arteries and causes respiratory failure at birth.
Does explicitness help

The notion of an explicit representation plays a crucial role in O'Brien & Opie's arguments. Clarifying what explicit representation involves proves difficult, however, as various explications of this key notion fail to make sense of the overall argument. In particular, neither the notion of encoding in discrete objects nor the notion of active versus potentially active representation seems to help in specifying what is distinctive of conscious representation.
Thinning of the corpus callosum in older alcoholic men: a magnetic resonance imaging study

A brain image averaging technique was applied to three-dimensional magnetic resonance images to identify visually detectable brain volume abnormalities in chronically alcoholic men, compared with healthy control men. This technique, which was based on pixel-by-pixel statistical probability mapping, revealed a dramatic reduction in the area of the corpus callosum in older alcoholics (age 45 years or older), relative to age-matched controls. Subsequent analysis used anatomical landmarks to outline the borders of midsagittal sections of the corpus callosum in a larger group of alcoholics and controls, who spanned the adult age range from 23 to 71 years. This analysis revealed significant reduction, most prominent in the genu and body, of total callosal area in the alcoholic group relative to the control group; the results were the same whether raw area measures or head size plus age adjusted measure were analyzed. Significant thinning of the callosal body in alcoholics is usually attributed to the relatively rare, nutritional-deficient condition, Marchiafava-Bignami disease. However, callosal thinning was present in vivo in chronic alcoholics without clinical symptoms of severe liver disease, amnesia, or alcoholic dementia. These data suggest that chronic alcoholism can be characterized by a continuum of graded brain dysmorphology, rather than classical alcoholic-related subsyndromes, such as Marchiafava-Bignami disease.
Effect of treadmill exercise on vertebral and tibial bone mineral content and bone mineral density in the aged adult rat: determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Hologic QDR-1000W) in an ultrahigh-resolution mode, was used to examine the changes in tibial/fibula and vertebral L4 +L5 bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in each 14-month-old female rat at 0, 9, and 16 weeks of study. Twenty rats were randomized by a stratified weight method into two groups, control and exercised. Exercise consisted of running on a flat-bed treadmill, 17 m/minute, 1 hour/day and 5 days/week. As compared with the control group, a significant increase in tibia/fibula BMC and vertebral BMD was apparent at 9 weeks after exercise training (P=0.014 by 2-way analysis of variance). The slope of the gain of the tibia/fibula BMC and BMD by 16 weeks of training was ninefold and fivefold higher than that of the control group (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively, by Mann-Whitney test). The correlation coefficient (r) between the final dry weight of excised bone and the final BMC of the intact rat was 0.843 and 0.71 for tibia/fibula and vertebrae, respectively. In summary, we found that in the aged rat, by 9 weeks, exercise increases BMC and BMD in the tibia, whereas in the vertebrae, only increases in the BMD were found. This study demonstrates that this precise and accurate DXA technique is useful in a longitudinal study of in vivo bone mineral changes in the rat over time by taking into account the individual variation between animals as well as changes between groups.
"The extension service is not an integration agency": the idea of race in the Cooperative Extension Service.

This article is an institutional history of the development of race policy within the federal Cooperative Extension Service. It demonstrates that the popular belief in African-American inferiority and pragmatic political compromises aimed at creating a bureaucracy serving the nation's agricultural constituency and ensuring its longevity, led to a conscious marginalization of African-American interests within the program. Federal extension officials not only tolerated, but actively supported, discrimination within the southern the southern branches of the service. African-American leadership protested against the adverse effects of racial policies in the Extension Service from the very beginning. While there were some limited positive gains in the number of staff and availability of services for rural African-Americans, these changes did not challenge the suzerainty of whites over the program. In the post-World War II era -- especially after 1950 -- African-Americans confronted white extension leadership. Extension officials hid behind a bureaucratic facade and a flawed interpretation of the federal-state cooperative agreement to delay institutional restructuring. Political appointees pushed the service toward policies of racial justice; however, extension leadership continued to move slowly on fundamental transformation. As a result, the adjustments did not lead to a fundamental re-thinking of race policy in the service and ultimately contributed to the disappearance of the African-American extension force to a significant degree.
Vibronic absorption spectra of fluorobenzene and difluorobenzene radical cations in solid argon

Abstract Matrix photoionization of argon/fluoro- and difluorobenzene/ CH2Cl2 samples during condensation at 20 K produced new structured bands, which can be assigned to the parent radical cations based on agreement with differences between photoelectron bands.
Modulation and regrowth of allotype on normal rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes: allelic inclusion of b4 and b6 in single cells.

Abstract Allelic inclusion at the b -locus by heterozygous peripheral blood rabbit lymphocytes was demonstrated by using the mixed antiglobulin techniques (6, 7, 19). Heterozygous cells (64, 6) were treated with monospecific antiallotype reagents at 4 °C and warmed at 37 °C. The removal of surface allotype determinants was studied and, both the b 4-and b 6-specificities co-modulated after sensitization with either anti- b 4 or anti- b 6. Experiments were undertaken in which cells stripped of one or both allotypes by antiallotype induced modulation were cultured overnight. Allotype was then regenerated. Double expression of allotype by cells before antiallotype treatment was recovered following overnight regrowth at levels equal to those seen before treatment. Such was not the case when b 44 and b 66 cells were cultured together. These results indicate that normal heterozygous peripheral blood lymphocytes may express both b -locus alleles and that these determinants are in some manner physically associated with one another in the cell membrane.
Chromophore Formation of Fluorescence Proteins and Its Application of Developing Ca2+ Sensors

Ca2+ regulates numerous biological processes through spatio-temporal changes of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and subsequent interactions with Ca2+ binding proteins in living cells. There is a strong need to develop Ca2+ sensors capable of real-time quantitative Ca2+ measurements in specific subcellular environments without using natural Ca2+ binding proteins participating in signaling transduction.1, 2 Taking advantage of fluorescence proteins (FPs) as a useful tool, we created a series of Ca2+ sensors by engineering a sensitive location of single FP with different color.3 Both spectroscopic properties including extinction coefficient, quantum yield, and pKa and metal binding properties of engineered FPs were identified with different spectroscopic methods including absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroism. The engineered Ca2+ sensors exhibit a ratiometric fluorescence and absorbance changes upon Ca2+ binding with affinities corresponding to the Ca2+ concentration found in the ER (Kd values range from 0.4 - 2 mM). The developed Ca2+ sensors have applied to monitor Ca2+ changes occurring in various subcellular compartments including ER and mitochondria of various mammalian cells upon response of different agonists. These sensors were engineered into virus transfection system for its application to monitor cellular Ca2+ signaling during muscle contraction and neuron events.References1. Mank, M. Griesbeck, O., Chem Rev 2008, 108, (5), 1550–1564.2. Rockefort, N.L. Konnerth, A. Nat Methods 2008, 5, (9), 761–762.3. Zou, J. Hofer, A.M. Lurtz, M.M. Gadda, G. Ellis, A.L. Chen, N. Huang, Y. Holder, A. Ye, T. Louis, C.F. Welshhans, K. Rehder, V. Yang, J.J., Biochemistry 2007, 46, (43), 12275–12288.
Chemical derivatization and surface analysis

Abstract Derivatization of surfaces to allow more selective analysis is reviewed. Emphasis is placed upon the approaches to such studies and special problems encountered. Most examples refer to polymer surface analysis by XPS although the other techniques and substrates are discussed. The thallium ethoxide label method for carboxylic acid labeling (derivatization) is examined in more detail. Many examples from the literature are collected in a table.
The chest diameter as a diagnostic tool.

Two hundred cases were studied with respect to the antero-posterior and the lateral diameters of the chest. The quotient of these values was expressed mathematically as the chest index. One-half of the individuals were healthy employees on routine visits to an employees' health clinic and the other half had a variety of chest diseases observed in a cardiopulmonary clinic. Even when corrected for age and sex differences, the difference between the chest indices of the two groups was not sufficient to warrant using the index as a reliable diagnostic sign of emphysema.
Wave Force Coefficient Correlation Based on Wake Volume Scaling

A correlation of the hydrodynamic drag force on a cylinder for a periodic motion is demonstrated. The correlation indicates the dependence of the unsteady flow drag coefficient on the wake volume parameter. This parameter is a measure of the volume of flow through the boundary layer and into the wake in a half-cycle. For a laminar boundary layer, this dimensionless parameter is proportional to the Keulegan-Carpenter number and inversely proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number. Using wake volume scaling, drag coefficients were effectively collapsed into a single curve.
Plasticity of cat visual cortex

Abstract Monocular eyelid closure in kittens mimics certain visual deficits in humans that result in amblyopia ex anopsia. I have now studied the effects of monocular eyelid closure in cat upon the slow-wave response recorded from visul cortex. The pattern of changes in the response closely paralleled the changes in visual function of the amblyopic eye, in particular the suppression during binocular vision.
KNOWLEDGE ASYMMETRY IN BROKERAGE:SECRET NETWORK SOURCES OF BROKER’S POSITION AND POWER

Although returns to brokerage have been well documented, how brokers extract returns given that brokerage structures are short and tenuous remains less clear. Drawing on cognitive perspectives on s...
Deploying a cost efficient geographically distributed private cloud architecture

This paper focuses on the deployment of a geographically distributed private cloud architecture that offers resources similar to commercial vendors. Realising the implications of deploying such a system in an environment with limited networking resources (IP address), we decided to find a solution that would work giving each resource cluster in our cloud only one public IP address. As more cloud resources are needed, we demonstrate the ability to add these resources in a grid-like fashion to the master cloud cluster. To overcome the complexities required to use this architecture, this paper also introduces a graphical, web-based interface for the private cloud architecture. One of the problems of deploying an infrastructure-as-a-service cloud into a general organisation is getting users connected to their resources. The interface described in this paper gives users an easy way to access private cloud resources. Since the cloud computing clusters will be hosted behind NAT routers, the interface gives users the port forwarding information needed to access private cloud computational and persistent storage resources.
An Integrated Model for Organization—Public Relational Outcomes, Organizational Reputation, and Their Antecedents

This study is to test a theoretical model regarding the effect of organization—public relationships on organizational reputation. Grounded in multidisciplinary literature, this study proposed that organization—public relational outcomes are hypothesized to influence organizational reputation, considering the exogenous influences of communication behaviors, experience, and familiarity that the research participants hold of the organizations studied. The proposed model illustrated tenable data-model fits, and most of the hypotheses were statistically supported. The key finding of the research includes that, across all organizations studied, organization—public relational outcomes were associated positively with favorable reputation of the organizations studied. Limitations and suggestions for the future research were discussed.
Chromatin-Associated Proteins HP1 and Mod(mdg4) Modify Y -Linked Regulatory Variation in the Drosophila Testis

Chromatin remodeling is crucial for gene regulation. Remodeling is often mediated through chemical modifications of the DNA template, DNA-associated proteins, and RNA-mediated processes. Y-linked regulatory variation (YRV) refers to the quantitative effects that polymorphic tracts of Y-linked chromatin exert on gene expression of X-linked and autosomal genes. Here we show that naturally occurring polymorphisms in the Drosophila melanogaster Y chromosome contribute disproportionally to gene expression variation in the testis. The variation is dependent on wild-type expression levels of mod(mdg4) as well as Su(var)205; the latter gene codes for heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) in Drosophila. Testis-specific YRV is abolished in genotypes with heterozygous loss-of-function mutations for mod(mdg4) and Su(var)205 but not in similar experiments with JIL-1. Furthermore, the Y chromosome differentially regulates several ubiquitously expressed genes. The results highlight the requirement for wild-type dosage of Su(var)205 and mod(mdg4) in enabling naturally occurring Y-linked regulatory variation in the testis. The phenotypes that emerge in the context of wild-type levels of the HP1 and Mod(mdg4) proteins might be part of an adaptive response to the environment.
Reductions in labour capacity from heat stress under climate warming

Individual labour capacity has reduced to 90% in peak months owing to environmental heat stress over the past few decades. Under the highest climate change scenario considered, model projections indicate a reduction in labour capacity to less than 40% by 2200 in peak months, with most tropical and mid-latitude regions experiencing extreme heat stress.
Neurotrophin-4/5 is required for the early growth of regenerating axons in peripheral nerves.

The requirement of the trkB ligand, neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), for the growth of regenerating axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is not well established. We studied regenerating axon growth in transected peripheral nerves of thy-1-YFP-H mice that had been repaired using allografts obtained from brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or NT-4/5 knockout mice. Lengths of profiles of YFP + axons measured in these grafts were compared with those measured in grafts obtained from wild-type donors. When compared with axon profiles measured in grafts from wild-type donors, axon profile lengths measured in grafts from homozygous (NT-4/5 - / - ) or heterozygous (NT.4/5 + / - ) mice were significantly shorter. In contrast, the lengths of axon profiles measured in grafts from BDNF + / - mice were not significantly different from those measured in grafts from wild-type mice. A reduced amount of BDNF, but not NT-4/5, is sufficient to promote the elongation of regenerating axons in the PNS. When grafts from wild-type or NT-4/5 - / - mice were treated acutely at the time of surgical repair either with exogenous BDNF or NT-4/5, the lengths of axon profiles measured in the grafts were significantly longer than those measured in grafts from untreated wild-type mice. These findings are consistent with a requirement for NT-4/5 from within the pathway used by regenerating axons for the successful growth of those axons in peripheral nerves.
Periodic jitter and bounded uncorrelated jitter decomposition using incoherent undersampling

Jitter measurement is an essential part for testing high speed digital I/O and clock distribution networks. Precise jitter characterization of signals at critical internal nodes provides valuable information for hardware fault diagnosis and next generation design. Recently, incoherent undersampling has been proposed as a low-cost solution for signal integrity characterization at high data rate. Incoherent undersampling drastically reduces the sampling rate compared to Nyquist rate sampling without relying on the availability of a data synchronous clock. In this paper, we propose a jitter decomposition and characterization method based on incoherent undersampling. Associated fundamental period estimation techniques along with properties of incoherent undersampling, are used to isolate the effects of periodic and periodic crosstalk jitter. Mathematical analysis and hardware experiments using commercial off-the-shelf components are performed to prove the viability of the proposed method.
Late neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoceanography of the northwest Pacific DSDP site 296

Abstract Late Neogene planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of DSDP Site 296, Leg 31, reveals this site as an ideal reference section for correlation of Blow's low-latitude zonation with the mid-latitude zonation for temperate faunal assemblages developed in this paper and earlier for DSDP Site 310, Leg 31 (Keller). Abundance of temperate species of Globorotalia (G. inflata, G. puncticulata, G. crassaformis, G. conomiozea) permit correlation with the zonal subdivision developed at Site 310 based on these species. Evolutionary changes within the Globorotalia inflata group also appear to be consistent biostratigraphic markers in mid latitudes; a primitive variety of this species first appears at about 3.3–3.1 Ma, G. inflata praeinflata appears at about 2.6 Ma, and the modern form appears at about 2.2–2.1 Ma. Quantitative analyses of planktonic foraminifera at DSDP Site 296 reveal an inversely reciprocal frequency oscillation between species of Globorotalia and the Globigerina-Globigerinita group. Cool climatic periods are characterized by high frequencies in the Globigerina-Globigerinita group and low frequencies in the Globorotalia group, whereas warm intervals are marked by high frequencies in the Globorotalia group and low frequencies in the Globigerina-Globigerinita group. Five cool paleoclimatic events can be recognized between early Pliocene and late Pleistocene: 4.4 Ma, 3.2–3.1 Ma, 2.4–2.2 Ma, 1.2 Ma, and 0.7 Ma. These paleoclimatic/paleoceanographic events have also been recognized in planktonic foraminifera of the Central and Northeast Pacific DSDP Sites 310 and 173 and also correlate to cold events recognized in oxygen isotope measurements of DSDP Site 310 and in equatorial Pacific cores.
Screening and Surveillance Strategies in Hereditary Colon and Rectal Cancer

Identification of individuals at risk within the context of hereditary colorectal cancer relies on a combination of individual circumstances and tumor features, family history, and genetic testing. Monitoring of such individuals is commonly based on colonoscopic screening and surveillance. This article reviews the guidelines and analyzes the cost-effectiveness and possible obstacles for the 2 most common cancer syndromes, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis.
The life and times of PSI.

This paper describes the essential features of the personalized system of instruction (PSI). Results from outcome research examining the effectiveness of PSI-based courses relative to traditional methods provide unequivocal support for the superiority of PSI. Parametric studies, or component analyses, show that the mastery requirement, immediate performance feedback, and review units are the key features underlying high quality student performances in PSI courses. The use of student proctors as peer-tutors, optional lectures, and selfpacing do not, in and of themselves, appear to be vital to student success in PSI courses. Despite its superiority, PSI has not supplanted traditional methods as the dominant pedagogical system in higher education. Difficulties inherent in overcoming the inertia of the lecture within our established instructional system, the implications of PSI for that system, and the Zeitgeist that permeates educational reform are the major obstacles to widespread adoption of PSI.
Fracture and contact problems for an elastic wedge

The paper deals with the plane elastostatic contact problem for an infinite elastic wedge of arbitrary angle. The medium is loaded through a frictionless rigid wedge of a given symmetric profile. Using the Mellin transform formulation the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a singular integral equation with the contact stress as the unknown function. With the application of the results to the fracture of the medium in mind, the main emphasis in the study has been on the investigation of the singular nature of the stress state around the apex of the wedge and on the determination of the contact pressure.
Occam’s Follies: Real and Imagined Biases Facing Intelligence Studies

More than a decade removed from 9/11 many across the academic and intelligence communities profess the importance for greater collaboration and cooperation. This mutual diffusion of knowledge, methods, and research would ideally produce both a stronger Intelligence Studies discipline and new talented cadres for both communities. The emphasis is not just logical because of the continued relevance of traditional threats, but is also common sense when considering new challenges represented by emerging threat issues and an oncoming demographic crisis: the fast-approaching retirement of the baby boom generation means a new generation of scholars and practitioners is rising now. Developing that new talent, however, has not been nearly as collaborative, cooperative, or smooth as it could be. This analysis examines the problems preventing real engagement and sincere knowledge diffusion between the academic and intelligence communities. These problems go beyond platitudes about confidential materials and top secret clearances, but hint at underlying prejudices on both sides that only exacerbate attitudinal bias. If not overcome this problem threatens to undermine both the capabilities of future Intelligence Community practitioners and the quality of academic community scholars within Intelligence Studies. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol6/iss3/4
A Phase II Study of Etoposide, Cisplatin, and Doxorubicin Chemotherapy in Mixed Müllerian Tumors (MMT) of the Uterus

Abstract Mixed Mullerian tumors (MMT) of the uterus are aggressive entities that result in a very poor prognosis even for patients in whom the disease is limited to the uterus. This phase II trial was undertaken in an attempt to improve overall survival as well as progression-free survival of these patients. Forty-two consecutive patients were treated with a combination chemotherapy containing etoposide 100 mg/m 2 on Days 1 and 2, cisplatin 50 mg/m 2 on Day 1, and doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 on Day 1, repeated every 28 days. There were 23 patients with early-stage disease (stages I and II) and 19 patients with advanced (stages III and IV) or recurrent disease. In the early-stage group, the number of cycles ranged from 2 to 9 (5.2 ± 1.9). The median follow-up was 32 months (range 11-93). There were five recurrences: three patients died of disease at 11, 36, and 51 months, and two patients are still alive with disease at 12 and 19 months. Two-year overall survival was 92%. In the advanced disease group, the number of cycles ranged from 1 to 11 (5.9 ± 2.4). The median follow-up for this group was 20 months (range 5-62). The median overall survival was 18 months. Two-year overall survival was 33%. Two-year progression-free survival was 20%. Four patients were evaluable for response. There were two complete responses (duration 15-33 months) and two partial responses (duration 6-10 months). The responders were patients whose adenocarcinoma component was of the papillary serous (UPSC) variety. The chemotherapy combination appears to be highly active in early-stage disease. In the advanced uterine MMT it has moderate activity, especially when associated with the UPSC component.
Glutamine and glucose metabolism in intraepithelial lymphocytes from pre- and post-weaning pigs.

The metabolism of glutamine (Gln) and glucose was studied in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from 21-, 29- and 56-day-old pigs. Pigs were weaned at 21 days of age. Cells were incubated at 37°C in the presence of Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1 mM [U14C]glutamine plus 5 mM glucose, or 5 mM [U14C]glucose plus 1 mM glutamine. Glucose was converted to lactate, pyruvate and CO2, which accounted for 81, 11 and 8% of measured glucose carbon, respectively. Glutamine was metabolized mainly to glutamate (92% of Gln C) and ammonia, and to a lesser extent, to aspartate (4% of Gln C) and CO2 (4% of Gln C). In the presence of both glucose and glutamine, glucose provided 2–3-fold more ATP to IELs than glutamine in 21–56-day-old pigs, on the basis of their measured end products. The rates of ammonia and glutamate production from glutamine in IELs from 29-day-old pigs were 112 and 90% greater than those in cells from 56-day-old pigs, respectively. The rates of glucose oxidation to CO2 in IELs from 29-day-old pigs were elevated 56 and 64% respectively, compared with 21- and 56-day-old pigs. Elevated rates of substrate metabolism in IELs from 29-day-old post-weaning pigs indicated a metabolic alteration of these cells possibly due to changes in diet and intestinal bacterial population.
Bloom's syndrome: case report.

A girl with Bloom's syndrome is reported—the first case reported from Ireland. The outcome was death from acute myelomonoblastic leukaemia. The relationship of this syndrome with malignancy is discussed.