cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High resolution measurement of cerebral blood flow using intravascular tracer bolus passages. Part II: Experimental comparison and preliminary results

This report evaluates several methods to map relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by applying both parametric and non-parametric techniques to deconvolve high resolution dynamic MRI measurements of paramagnetic bolus passages with noninvasively determined arterial inputs. We found a nonparametric (singular value decomposition (SVD)) deconvolution technique produced the most robust results, giving mean gray:white flow ratio of 2.7 ± 0.5 (SEM) in six normal volunteers, in excellent agreement with recent PET literature values for age-matched subjects. Similar results were obtained by using a model-dependent approach that assumes an exponential residue function, but not for a Gaussian-shaped residue function or for either Fourier or regularization-based model-independent approaches. Pilot studies of our CBF mapping techniques in patients with tumor, stroke, and migraine aura demonstrated that these techniques can be readily used on data routinely acquired by using current echo planar imaging technology. By using these techniques, the authors visualized important regional hemodynamic changes not detectable with rCBV mapping algorithms.
Compact Super-Stable Lasers As Length Digitizers

The operation, application, and work-ing theory of an ultra stable laser as a length digitizer is summarized. The two projects presently under way, a 1.6 KM (1 mile) long laser earth strain seis-mometer and a 1-cm pendulum tilt meter, each with a range of 10-12 to 10-5 strain units and radians (or acceleration g units), respectively, are detailed as examples of application. Concepts in angular measurement and servo-controlled physical dimension are reviewed. The perfection of ultra stable lasers has opened the door for a host of even more precise electro-optical mensuration applica-tions. Compact lasers whose absolute frequency stability is measured in kilohertz make possible in practice the use of digital techniques and heterodyne of optical frequencies. This in turn allows the engineering of a "length" digitizer with dynamic range and precision many orders of magnitude beyond the presently accepted state of the art. A dynamic measurement system of dimension of very small (1 cm) to very large (1 km) sized objects is presently under way using this technology. In each case the target recision is 1 in 1012 in dimension and 109:1 in instantaneous dynamic range. The combination of both sensitivity and range represents an advance in the state of the art by about a factor of 104.© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Unusual Aerial Phenomena

Over a period of years, diverse aerial sightings of an unusual character have been reported. On the assumption that the majority of these reports, often made in concert, come from reputable persons, and in the absence of any universal hypotheses for the phenomena which stimulated these reports, it becomes a matter of scientific obligation and responsibility to examine the reported phenomena seriously, despite their seemingly fanciful character. Accordingly, several hundred serious reports of “unidentified aerial objects” have been studied in detail in an attempt to get a pattern classification. It appears that those reported phenomena which do not admit of a ready and obvious explanation exhibit fairly well-defined patterns and that these are worthy of further study. One pattern in particular, that of a hovering nocturnal light, does not appear to be readily explainable on an astronomical basis, or by mirages, balloons, or by conventional aircraft.
Fault detection and identification in a mobile robot using multiple model estimation and neural network

We propose a method to detect and identify faults in wheeled mobile robots. The idea behind the method is to use adaptive estimation to predict the outcome of several faults, and to learn them collectively as a failure pattern. Models of the system behavior under each type of fault are embedded in multiple parallel Kalman filter (KF) estimators. Each KF is tuned to a particular fault and predicts, using its embedded model, the expected values for the sensor readings. The residual, the difference between the predicted readings (based on certain assumptions for the system model and the sensor models) and the actual sensor readings, is used as an indicator of how well each filter is performing. A backpropagation neural network processes this set of residuals as a pattern and decides which fault has occurred, that is, which filter is better tuned to the correct state of the mobile robot. The technique has been implemented on a physical robot and results from experiments are discussed.
Early Social Attention Impairments in Autism: Social Orienting, Joint Attention, and Attention to Distress.

This study investigated social attention impairments in autism (social orienting, joint attention, and attention to another's distress) and their relations to language ability. Three- to four-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 72), 3- to 4-year-old developmentally delayed children (n = 34), and 12- to 46-month-old typically developing children (n = 39), matched on mental age, were compared on measures of social orienting, joint attention, and attention to another's distress. Children with autism performed significantly worse than the comparison groups in all of these domains. Combined impairments in joint attention and social orienting were found to best distinguish young children with ASD from those without ASD. Structural equation modeling indicated that joint attention was the best predictor of concurrent language ability. Social orienting and attention to distress were indirectly related to language through their relations with joint attention. These results help to clarify the nature of social attention impairments in autism, offer clues to developmental mechanisms, and suggest targets for early intervention.
Comparison of DREF-3 Cotton Yarns Produced by Varying Yarn Core Ratios and Feed Rates

This study evaluated yams produced on the DREF-3 friction spinning machine using varying core inlet sliver linear densities and output yam core proportions. A long staple, medium micronaire, Acala cotton was spun into 74, 54, and 45 tex yams at constant spinning drum and outlet speeds. Inlet sliver of 1.77, 2.47, and 3.18 ktex linear densities was supplied to the yam core at rates required to produce yams con taining between 40 and 70% core. To make yams of the same size and core ratio, lighter core sliver had to be supplied at faster inlet speeds or heavier core sliver at slower speeds. Using lighter core sliver at greater inlet speeds improved yam strength and evenness. Among these, coarser yams and those with higher core ratios showed better uniformity. Yarns supplied by lightweight core sliver showed similar elongation; those supplied by heavyweight core sliver showed more variation over the range of core ratios.
Maxine's Voice and Unfinished Conversations… .

Maxine's voice—singular, unmistakable, extraordinary. Maxine spoke and wrote like no one else in the field of education and, for that distinctiveness, she garnered numerous accolades, as well as a ...
Many bills: visualizing the anatomy of congressional legislation

US Federal Legislation is a common subject of discussion and advocacy on the web. The contents of bills present a significant challenge to both experts and average citizens due to their length and complex legal language. To make bills more accessible to the general public, we present Many Bills: a web-based visualization prototype that reveals the underlying semantics of a bill. We classify the sections of a bill into topics and visualize them using different colors. Further, using information retrieval techniques, we locate sections that don't seem to fit with the overall topic of the bill. To highlight outliers in our 'misfit mode', we visualize them in red, which builds a contrast against the remaining gray sections. Both topic and misfit visualizations provide an overview and detail view of bills, enabling users to read individual sections of a bill and compare topic patterns across multiple bills. We obtained initial user feedback and continue collecting label corrections from users through the interface.
Bioactive products of arginine in sepsis: tissue and plasma composition after LPS and iNOS blockade.

Blockade or gene deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) fails to fully abrogate all the sequelae leading to the high morbidity of septicemia. An increase in substrate uptake may be nece...
USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN PEDIATRIC ASTHMA CONTEXTS

USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN PEDIATRIC ASTHMA CONTEXTS By Nour Al Ghriwati, B.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Director: Marcia Winter, PhD. Assistant Professor Department of Psychology Family factors have long been associated with the psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illnesses, such as asthma (Minuchin, 1975; Rapee, 1997). Research indicates that negative family factors may also contribute to child disease severity, via bio-behavioral mechanisms of effect (Wood et al., 2006); however, these pathways have yet to be examined with a comprehensive focus on more positive family factors. This study sought to examine whether factors such as family cohesion, problem solving abilities, and communication influence asthma symptom severity in children via their effects on child depression and anxiety symptoms. Using structural equation modeling, we identified significant indirect associations between family factors and child asthma severity via child depressive symptoms; however, these associations were not present in models mediated by child anxiety symptoms. Results highlight the importance of families in pediatric asthma settings. Findings suggest differential roles for anxiety and depression in their associations with child asthma severity.
Gun ownership and social gun culture

We assessed gun ownership rates in 2013 across the USA and the association between exposure to a social gun culture and gun ownership. We used data from a nationally representative sample of 4000 US adults, from 50 states and District of Columbia, aged >18 years to assess gun ownership and social gun culture performed in October 2013. State-level firearm policy information was obtained from the Brady Law Center and Injury Prevention and Control Center. One-third of Americans reported owning a gun, ranging from 5.2% in Delaware to 61.7% in Alaska. Gun ownership was 2.25-times greater among those reporting social gun culture (PR=2.25, 95% CI 2.02 to 2.52) than those who did not. In conclusion, we found strong association between social gun culture and gun ownership. Gun cultures may need to be considered for public health strategies that aim to change gun ownership in the USA.
The Disintegration Scheme of I 131

The radiations of ${\mathrm{I}}^{131}$ have been studied with a magnetic lens spectrometer and coincidence techniques using "Kallmann" counters. Four gamma-rays of 80, 283, 363, and 638 kev were detected both by their internal conversion electrons and by photoelectrons emitted from different converters. A beta-ray spectrum of 600-kev maximum energy constitutes about 85 percent of the disintegrations and leads to a state of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{131}$ with 363-kev excitation. In about 6 percent of the disintegrations, the transitions from this level to the ground state take place by the successive emission of an 80-kev and a 283-kev gamma-ray. Fifteen percent of the disintegrations proceed by the emission of a 315-kev beta-spectrum followed by a 638-kev gamma-ray.
Hot-water immersion appliance for quarantine research

A hot-water immersion appliance (HWIA) was assembled and used as a research tool in the development of a hot-water immersion quarantine treatment to disinfest mangos in Haiti, Mexico, and Florida that were infested with immature Tephritidae. The HWIA consists of a metal container (approximately 57.2 cm inside diameter and 85.1 cm height) adapted with a metal screen platform positioned inside the container 25.4 cm above the bottom. A submersible pump mounted to the bottom of the platform Circulated 1,5.14-1,893 liters heated water per hour within the container through flexible polybutylene tubing. The water was heated by flames provided by a two-burner, propane. gas, hot plate located below the container. The HWIA was easily assembled, durable, mobile, and inexpensive.
International Labor Organizations, 1864-1997: The Weight of History and the Challenges of the Present

Deepening neoliberal integration, the end of the Cold War, and the decline or compromise of communist and socialist parties, offer a window of opportunity for international labor politics. Why is it, then, that the comprehensive network of global and regional labor organizations continues to play a marginal role, even though they are clearly conscious of these developments, and have sought to respond to them? The answer to this question has important practical and theoretical implications. My general goal, therefore, is to situate the contemporary predicament of international labor organizations within its historical context. Activists would like to know whether labor organizations are basically sound but need to be reformed or fundamentally unsuitable for a vital international labor politics. Theoretically, international labor organizations provide us with a rich record through which to investigate cross-border relations at the level of society and state-society relations.
Discussion on the technology and management measures to reduce the distribution line loss

The line loss rate as an important index of power supply enterprise,has always been played a very good warning effect in electric power enterprises.This paper analyzes the reasons of distribution network line loss,and puts forward the corresponding solution.
Rabies Awareness and Compliance to Prevention in Exposers and Their Families

Objective:To investigate the rabies awareness and compliance to prevention in exposers and their families.Methods:From July to October 2007,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 709 rabies exposers or their family members to investigate the awareness of this disease and compliance to prevention.Results:Of the 709 interviewee,574(80.96%) recognized rabies as a fatal disease,156(22.00%) disregarded the threat posed by pet bites,446(62.91%) would seek medical assistance once bit,while 121(17.07%) reported treatment of wounds using improper,thumbnail approaches.Prevention was observed based on doctor’s advices in all of 9 degree Ⅰ exposers(100.00%),76 of 91 degree Ⅱ exposers(83.52%) and 32 of 212 degree Ⅲ exposers(15.09%).Conclusion:Among the study population,awareness of rabies was highly achieved,while there was not enough knowledge about pet bites and post-injury treatment,hence the low compliance to prevention.
Commentary: Cognitive and emotional empathy in transdiagnostic research - reflections on Klapwijk et al. (2016).

Evidence across multiple disorders indicates that empathy is a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology. Klapwijk et al.'s (2016) functional MRI study examines whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD) can be distinguished by the constructs of ‘cognitive’ and ‘emotional’ empathy – with the former focusing on accurate emotion perception and the latter on shared affective experience. This commentary examines the implications of the cognitive/emotional empathy distinction, and how it fits with existing accounts of perceptual differences in ASD. Cognitive empathy overlaps substantially with the constructs of emotion perception and Theory of Mind – both well studied among individuals with ASD, but generally viewed as fairly distinct from empathy. CD, on the other hand, is typically not associated with frank perceptual deficits. Although the brain imaging data from this study do not provide strong support for the constructs of cognitive and emotional empathy, the general approach used in this study is precisely the kind needed to test the validity and utility of transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychopathology.
The Legacy Continues: "The Test" and Denying Access to a Challenging Mathematics Education for Historically Marginalized Students

Research is needed to understand the impact of high-stakes testing on teachers’ practices and consequently on their students, particularly at schools that serve large numbers of low-income students and students of color. In this research study, we examined how a state’s annual high-stakes test and administrative mandates influenced the assessment practices of mathematics teachers at a highly diverse urban high school. Among the most compelling findings was that students at Chavez High (a pseudonym) were labeled based upon their test performance, that this label tended to persist at the school, and that instructional decisions were made based upon these labels. This practice of attaching a label to students based upon their performance on the high-stakes test constructed some students as less capable than others in mathematics. Such practices contribute to the historic legacy in the U.S. of denying poor students and students of color access to a challenging education in mathematics.
Gonocyte Development and Differentiation

This chapter focuses on gonocyte development and differentiation. Gonocytes represent an important stage in germline development, and is viewed as an active and important period of differentiation. Because gonocytes are the descendants of the primordial germ cells (PGC) but the antecedents of spermatogonial stem cells, they lie at a critical stage in germline development. As the progenitors of the stem cells of the adult, gonocytes provide the necessary foundation for adult fertility. Failure of gonocytes to survive correctly in the developing gonad can result in complete sterility. The failure of gonocytes to differentiate correctly in the fetal and postnatal gonad can result in the development of testicular cancer, the most common cause of cancer in young men. Improper descent of the testes (cryptorchidism) can affect the differentiation of gonocytes and lead to the development of testicular cancer. The vulnerability of this population of germ cells in late fetal and early postnatal life is being realized and the impact of toxicants.
What Are the Most Important Studies of Desistance and What Are the Future Research Needs

The association between age and crime is one of the best- established facts in the field of criminology. It is generally agreed that aggregate crime rates peak in late adolescence/early adulthood and gradually drop thereafter, but there remains some debate about the cause of this decline. Information about protective factors that foster or accelerate desistance also informs interventions after the onset of criminal careers. Once onset has occurred, efforts should be invested in limiting the length, intensity and seriousness of criminal careers. Identifying life-course transitions and cognitive factors that contribute to desistance from crime can provide useful information for post-onset interventions. This chapter provides an overview of the most important studies on desistance and underlines future research needs.
Innovation for Future Connected Compute

Internet of Things (IOT) is a rapidly growing market that is being targeted by many companies world-wide to address significant local or global challenges. The projections for growth in this area are for up to 50 billion devices connected to the internet by 2020. Further trends in this market point to an exciting opportunity to truly pursue pervasive computing where energy efficient connected devices is one of, if not the most important, technology needed.
X-ray analysis of electron Bernstein wave heating in MST

A pulse height analyzing x-ray tomography system has been developed to detect x-rays from electron Bernstein wave heated electrons in the Madison symmetric torus reversed field pinch (RFP). Cadmium zinc telluride detectors are arranged in a parallel beam array with two orthogonal multi-chord detectors that may be used for tomography. In addition a repositionable 16 channel fan beam camera with a 55° field of view is used to augment data collected with the Hard X-ray array. The chord integrated signals identify target emission from RF heated electrons striking a limiter located 12° toroidally away from the RF injection port. This provides information on heated electron spectrum, transport, and diffusion. RF induced x-ray emission from absorption on harmonic electron cyclotron resonances in low current (<250 kA) RFP discharges has been observed.
C-17 TPS development strategy

This paper describes key elements and issues commonly associated with test program set (TPS) development. The information is intended to provide guidelines for successful implementation and management of a TPS development project. This topic has been divided into two major categories: development environment and engineering implementation. The development environment section focuses on the goals and tasks that need to be addressed when planning a TPS project. These include strategic planning, staffing, scheduling, identifying the necessary engineering development tools, and establishing development procedures for commonality among TPSs. The engineering implementation section addresses the development processes that produce the required products. These include derivation of the test requirements for the unit under test (UUT), development of a UUT test strategy, hardware and software design and integration, product delivery, and customer support. The information presented is based upon experience with numerous TPS programs, including the successes achieved by McDonnell Douglas in concurrent aircraft/TPS development for the United States Air Force's new C-17 Globemaster III transport aircraft.
Treatment Outcomes for Adolescents With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Lima, Peru:

Treatment outcomes for adolescents with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are rarely reported and, to date, have been poor. Among 90 adolescents from Lima, Peru, 68 (75.6%) achieved cure or completion of treatment. Unsuccessful treatment was less common in the Peru cohort than previously described in the literature.
Analysis of R-band observations of an outburst of Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 to place constraints on the nucleus’ rotation state

Abstract We present analysis of five nights of R-band observations of Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 (SW1) taken on September 2008 which show the comet undergoing an outburst. Coma morphology shows a projected asymmetric shell of material expanding radially and four linear features on the northern side of the coma at position angles 37°, 78°, 300°, and 353°. Using the measured projected radial outflow velocity of 0.11 ±0.02 km/s for the shell material, we calculate an outburst time of UT 2008-09-21.03 ±0.95 days. By tracking the inner and outer extent of the northern linear features, we found that the features are fully contained within the expanding shell of material. This suggested both shell and linear features originated during the same event and activity originating from different regions on the nuclear surface are not necessary to generate both types of morphological structure observed. A 3-D Monte Carlo coma model was used to model the outburst. Morphological features present in the observations were modeled allowing constraints to be placed on the spin state of SW1’s nucleus. The evolution of morphological features allows constraints on the rotation period P assuming an outburst duration Δt and the spin period constraints are expressed in terms of their ratio P/Δt. Since the spin-pole orientation could not be constrained, four spin-pole orientations were chosen for modeling the coma. Spin-period constraints for each assumed pole orientation are discussed. Overall, modeling suggested either a spin period on the order of days, a spin-pole orientation nearly along the sub-Earth direction, or a combination of both. To place an independent constraint on the outburst duration, radial surface-brightness profiles of the observations were compared with profiles from synthetic models, giving an upper-limit of Δt ≤ 1.5 days. Longer outbursts resulted in a higher number of dust grains in close proximity to the nucleus during the observations and a profile slope too steep to model observations. Lastly, from photometry of the five nights of observation, a lower limit of (1.8 ± 0.07) × 109 kg was estimated for the total amount of dust emitted during the outburst. Assuming the outburst was triggered by either the sublimation of pure CO or CO2 ice and a dust to gas ratio of ∼4 (Rosetta results for Comet 67P, Rotundi et al. 2015), a lower limit for the outburst duration on the order of hours was obtained.
Practical Approaches to Evaluating Progress and Outcomes in Community-Wide Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiatives

This paper presents an overview of the key evaluation components for a set of community-wide teen pregnancy prevention initiatives. We first describe the performance measures selected to assess progress toward meeting short-term objectives on the reach and quality of implementation of evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention interventions and adolescent reproductive health services. Next, we describe an evaluation that will compare teen birth rates in intervention communities relative to synthetic control communities. Synthetic controls are developed via a data-driven technique that constructs control communities by combining information from a pool of communities that are similar to the intervention community. Finally, we share lessons learned thus far in the evaluation of the project, with a focus on those lessons that may be valuable for local communities evaluating efforts to reduce teen pregnancy.
Abstract P363: Incremental Prognostic Value of Exercise Capacity in Patients With Advanced Renal Insufficiency

Background: Exercise capacity has been shown to predict outcomes in the general population. However, patients with advanced renal failure have been typically excluded from these studies. The aim of...
A Comparative Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis at the Level of Isolated Root Hair Cells Reveals New Conserved Root Hair Regulatory Elements

A comparative transcriptomic and genomic analysis between Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max root hair genes reveals the evolution of the expression of plant genes after speciation and whole genome duplication. Our understanding of the conservation and divergence of the expression patterns of genes between plant species is limited by the quality of the genomic and transcriptomic resources available. Specifically, the transcriptomes generated from plant organs are the reflection of the contribution of the different cell types composing the samples weighted by their relative abundances in the sample. These contributions can vary between plant species leading to the generation of datasets which are difficult to compare. To gain a deeper understanding of the evolution of gene transcription in and between plant species, we performed a comparative transcriptomic and genomic analysis at the level of one single plant cell type, the root hair cell, and between two model plants: Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and soybean (Glycine max). These two species, which diverged 90 million years ago, were selected as models based on the large amount of genomic and root hair transcriptomic information currently available. Our analysis revealed in detail the transcriptional divergence and conservation between soybean paralogs (i.e., the soybean genome is the product of two successive whole genome duplications) and between Arabidopsis and soybean orthologs in this single plant cell type. Taking advantage of this evolutionary study, we combined bioinformatics, molecular, cellular and microscopic tools to characterize plant promoter sequences and the discovery of two root hair regulatory elements (RHE1 and RHE2) consistently and specifically active in plant root hair cells.
Enhancing sustained oscillation detection by data pre-processing using SSA

Detecting sustained oscillations at their early stages can improve power system's situational awareness (SAW), and allows operators take remedial reactions to potential threatens to system's stability. Previously coherence spectrum based detection methods have been proposed to detect sustained oscillation in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) using phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. However, their performance suffers long detection delays. In this paper, a pre-processing method based on Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) theory is proposed, which enables the self-coherence method to achieve shorter delay and lower false alarm rate using less operating data. Through extensive experimental study, the effectiveness of the proposed pre-processing procedure has been verified.
Representation of Clinical Nursing Protocols Using GEM II & GEM Cutter

The machineable representation and execution of clinical guidelines has been the focus of research efforts for some time, however there is less examination of whether the methods and techniques for guidelines are sufficient for clinical protocols. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of using the Guideline Elements Model II (GEM II) and GEM Cutter for the representation of clinical protocols, specifically clinical protocols commonly used by nurses. After downloading the GEM Cutter 2.5, we decomposed a set of clinical protocols and analyzed the completeness in which elemental protocol data was represented. One of the most complicated of these protocols (extravasations of infused medication) is presented as an example. While GEM II adequately represents core elements of clinical protocols at the high level, it was not possible to adequately represent sequence and associated role based permissions via use of conditional criteria at branching and procedural levels. Functionality of the tool would also be enhanced with more robust terminology management and support for multi-authoring.
Information literacy supporting student motivation and performance: Course-level analyses

Abstract Examining data from over 3000 students in 102 course sections across seven colleges of a large, public, research intensive university in the United States, this study investigates the relationships between information literacy (IL) and course-level academic performance and student perceptions of their learning environments. The results provide evidence of the following: 1) students who synthesize information and communicate the results tend to perceive higher levels of motivation than students who do so less often; 2) there is a significant positive relationship between synthesizing information and communicating the results and course level learning gains. The results point to the efficacy of IL being integrated into learning disciplinary course content, as well as the benefit of prioritizing high-order IL activities, such as synthesizing information, over other the aspects of IL, such as searching or formatting citations.
Identification of neutrophil subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies

Two monoclonal antibodies have been produced by the hybridoma technique that recognize subpopulations of human neutrophils. The antibodies, termed 1B5 and 4D1, react with a mean percentage of 57% and 51% of peripheral blood granulocytes, respectively. The antigens recognized appear to be neutrophil specific in that these antibodies do not react with eosinophils, platelets, erythrocytes, monocytes, or nonadherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Although the neutrophil subpopulations recognized by these antibodies are nearly identical (coinclusive), the antigenic determinants recognized appear to be different. These monoclonal antibodies to neutrophil subpopulations may prove useful to studying functional heterogeneity among neutrophils as well as for investigations of normal and abnormal myeloid differentiation.
Some New NMR Effects in Superfluid 3He-A

Longitudinal and transverse satellite lines have been observed by CW techniques in superfluid 3He-A under a variety of experimental conditions. A new metastable mode has been observed in superfluid 3He-A using pulsed NMR techniques. The frequency shift of this mode is related to the frequency shift of the transverse satellite line.
Correlation between Hysterosalpingography and Pelvic Endoscopy for the Evaluation of Tubal Factor

In this study of 132 infertile couples, findings with hysterosalpingography (HSG) were compared with those observed at subsequent culdoscopy or laparoscopy. Both procedures correctly revealed normal tubes in 29% of the subjects and identical abnormalities in 24%. A complete agreement between the two procedures was thus observed in 53% of women. Hysterosalpingography showed 5% false positive and 14% false negative findings. In the remaining cases the type of anomaly revealed by HSG was different from that found at laparoscopy. Peritubal adhesion was the pathologic process most commonly missed by HSG and diagnosed subsequently by endoscopy. Pelvic endoscopy also revealed endometriosis and other pelvic disease in a high proportion of women, whereas HSG exclusively detected all intrauterine lesions. Similar pregnancy rates resulted when HSG and endoscopy revealed normal organs. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Towards Improved Manufacturing Yield of Acoustic-Wave Ladder- Type Filters

Monte Carlo (MC) analysis and yield optimization methods are often used to describe the manufacturing process variability as a means to estimate production yield in various disciplines of semiconductor industry, however are not quite employed or fall into disuse at the design and development phases of acoustic-wave (A W) filters and multiplexers. In this study, MC yield analysis approach is exploited as a design centering method to obtain high yield estimate. An illustrative example of Band 41 surface acoustic-wave (SAW) ladder-type filter is utilized to demonstrate the advantages of the presented approach.
A Cascaded Refinement GAN for Phase Contrast Microscopy Image Super Resolution

Phase contrast microscopy is a widely-used non-invasive technique for monitoring live cells over time. High-throughput biological experiments expect a wide-view (i.e., a low microscope magnification) to monitor the entire cell population and a high magnification on individual cell’s details, which is hard to achieve simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a cascaded refinement Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for phase contrast microscopy image super-resolution. Our algorithm uses an optic-related data enhancement and super-resolves a phase contrast microscopy image in a coarse-to-fine fashion, with a new loss function consisting of a content loss and an adversarial loss. The proposed algorithm is both qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated on a dataset of 500 phase contrast microscopy images, showing its superior performance for super-resolving phase contrast microscopy images. The proposed algorithm provides a computational solution on achieving a high magnification on individual cell’s details and a wide-view on cell populations at the same time, which will benefit the microscopy community.
Molecular pathways linking adipose innervation to insulin action in obesity and diabetes mellitus

Adipose tissue comprises adipocytes and many other cell types that engage in dynamic crosstalk in a highly innervated and vascularized tissue matrix. Although adipose tissue has been studied for decades, it has been appreciated only in the past 5 years that extensive arborization of nerve fibres has a dominant role in regulating the function of adipose tissue. This Review summarizes the latest literature, which suggests that adipocytes signal to local sensory nerve fibres in response to perturbations in lipolysis and lipogenesis. Such adipocyte signalling to the central nervous system causes sympathetic output to distant adipose depots and potentially other metabolic tissues to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. Paracrine factors identified in the past few years that mediate such adipocyte-neuron crosstalk are also reviewed. Similarly, immune cells and endothelial cells within adipose tissue communicate with local nerve fibres to modulate neurotransmitter tone, blood flow, adipocyte differentiation and energy expenditure, including adipose browning to produce heat. This understudied field of neurometabolism related to adipose tissue biology has great potential to reveal new mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic strategies for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Low Reynolds number capture of small particles on cylinders by diffusion, interception, and inertia at subcritical Stokes numbers

We predict the capture fraction η(Pe, R, Stk, Re) for cylinders at subcritical Stokes numbers Stk < Stk*, at small values of: the Reynolds number (Re), the inverse Peclet number (1/Pe), and the par...
179) Repeated Exposure to Conditioned Pain Modulation Reduces Situational Pain Catastrophizing to the Conditioning Stimulus

The Situational Pain Catastrophizing Scale (S-PCS) measures an individual's negative mental set in reference to an ongoing or recent painful experience. It is not known whether the relation of S-PCS to conditioned pain modulation (CPM) changes with repeated exposure. The aim of this study was to examine changes in S-PCS relative to the conditioning stimulus and its relation to the magnitude of CPM both within and between study sessions. Twenty subjects (19.9±1.3 years; 10 females) participated in three experimental sessions. CPM was measured once in the first and third sessions, and twice in the second session (separated by 45 minutes of quiet rest). CPM was measured as the relative change in pressure pain thresholds at the right quadriceps and deltoid muscles (test stimuli) before and during ice water immersion (conditioning stimulus; 6±0.5°C; 2-minute duration) of the left foot. Pain ratings of the left foot were reported using a numerical pain rating scale at 20 seconds and the end of the conditioning stimulus. S-PCS was completed following each CPM protocol in reference to the conditioning stimulus. Relative CPM magnitude was similar across sessions and between sites (p>0.05). Pain intensity during the ice water immersion at 20 seconds (4.08±1.9/10) and at the end (5.4±2.1/10) was similar across all CPM protocols (p>0.05). S-PCS decreased significantly across all three sessions (8.30, 6.65, 5.10/24; p 0.05). No correlation was found between subjects’ S-PCS scores and magnitude of CPM in all the trials (p>0.05); however, there was a correlation between S-PCS and reported foot pain at the end (r=0.48; p
Requirement of a Thymus Dependent Immune Response for Bcg-mediated Antitumor Activity

Surgical adjuvant intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is an effective method of treating superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The role of the immune response in the antitumor activity of intravesical BCG is not known. We investigated the requirement of a thymus-dependent immune response for the inhibition of the growth of the intravesically implanted mouse bladder tumor, MBT-2. Intravesical BCG had no antitumor activity when administered to athymic nude mice bearing MBT-2 tumors. In two experiments tumor outgrowth in control and BCG-treated mice was identical. Adoptive transfer of BCG sensitized splenocytes (one spleen equivalent per mouse injected intravenously immediately prior to the first BCG treatment) syngeneic to the MBT-2 tumor transferred delayed hypersensitivity reactivity to BCG antigens and restored the antitumor activity of intravesical BCG. In two separate experiments mice receiving splenocytes plus BCG had 0 and 20% tumor outgrowth compared with 100% in control mice (p less than .02 and p less than .05, respectively). These results demonstrate that the antitumor activity of intravesical BCG therapy requires a thymus-dependent immune response.
Investor Behavior, Sentiment and Macroeconomic Announcements

A simple model of investor behavior can capture the cross-sectional and time-series patterns of stock returns around macroeconomic announcement days. The model makes several predictions that I confirm empirically: i) The security market line on announcement days is much flatter when sentiment demand is high. ii) On high-sentiment months, the announcement returns of portfolios exploiting CAPM-mispricing are larger. iii) Bad news resolve less uncertainty on macroeconomic announcements, causing a price drift after bad news, and a post-announcement negative premia. iv) CAPM-underpriced (overpriced) stocks deliver most of their price correction during the days leading to (after) macroeconomic announcements.
Drought sensitivity of an N 2 ‐fixing tree may slow temperate deciduous forest recovery from disturbance

Increased drought intensity and frequency due to climate change may reduce the abundance and activity of nitrogen (N2 )-fixing plants, which supply new N to terrestrial ecosystems. As a result, drought may indirectly reduce ecosystem productivity through its effect on the N cycle. Here, we manipulated growing season net rainfall across a series of plots in an early successional mesic deciduous forest to understand how drought affects the aboveground productivity of the N2 -fixing tree Robinia pseudoacacia and three co-occurring nonfixing tree species. We found that lower soil moisture was associated with reduced productivity of R. pseudoacacia but not of nonfixing trees. As a result, the relative biomass and density of R. pseudoacacia declined in drier soils over time. Greater aboveground biomass of R. pseudoacacia was also associated with greater total soil N, extractable inorganic N, N mineralization rates, and productivity of nonfixing trees. These soil N effects may reflect current N2 fixation by R. pseudoacacia saplings, or the legacy effect of former trees in the same location. Our results suggest that R. pseudoacacia promotes the growth of nonfixing trees in early succession through its effect on the N cycle. However, the sensitivity of R. pseudoacacia to dry soils may reduce N2 fixation under scenarios of increasing drought intensity and frequency, demonstrating a mechanism by which drought may indirectly diminish potential forest productivity and recovery rate from disturbance.
Carolina's Golden Fields: Inland Rice Cultivation in the South Carolina Lowcountry, 1670–1860

This book examines the environmental and technological complexity of South Carolina inland rice plantations from their inception at the turn of the seventeenth century to the brink of their institutional collapse at the eve of the Civil War. Inland rice cultivation provided a foundation for the South Carolina colonial plantation complex and enabled planters' participation in the Atlantic economy, dependence on enslaved labor, and dramatic alteration of the natural landscape. Moreover, the growing population of enslaved Africans led to a diversely-acculturated landscape unique to the Southeastern Coastal Plain. Despite this significance, Lowcountry inland rice cultivation has had an elusive history. Unlike many historical interpretations that categorize inland rice cultivation in a universal and simplistic manner, this study explains how agricultural systems varied among plantations. By focusing on planters' and slaves' alteration of the inland topography, this book emphasizes how agricultural methods met the demands of the local environment.
What’s Old Is New Again: A Vision and Path Forward for Calcined Clay Use in the USA

Calcined materials have a long history of use in concrete structures, with some now over 80 years old. Beginning in the 1950s, by-product supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) began to replace natural pozzolans because of cost, availability, performance, and benefits of reuse. Specifications, mix designs, and performance data collected were built around an assumed continuous supply of these recycled SCMs. SCM availability, quality, and cost, especially for fly ash, is now in question. This has brought significant interest in alternative SCMs to provide durability in concrete structures. Calcined clay now appears to be a viable option going forward for concrete mixtures in the United States, especially when combined with ground limestone. This paper discusses the history of SCM use in the USA, potential for calcined clay use in concrete in the USA, barriers to use, and a path forward to overcome those barriers with only minimal changes in concrete specification, production, and placement methods. This paper will also discuss options to apply these and other potential strategies to other markets to speed adoption of concrete calcined clay use.
The Use of Serum Procalcitonin in the Setting of Infected Ureteral Stones: A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Infected ureteral stones are a urologic emergency and require urgent decompression. We set out to determine whether serum procalcitonin (PCT) could aid in the diagnosis of infected ur...
Which Radiographic Technique Better Predicts Post-Operative Correction in Idiopathic Scoliosis?

Introduction: Preoperative radiographic assessment of curve flexibility in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is important to determine Lenke classification, operative levels, and post-operative correction. No consensus exists as to the best technique. We compared measurements from supine side bending (SB) and intra-operative traction radiographs under general anesthesia (UGA) with actual post-operative correction. Methods: We reviewed our prospective Pediatric Orthopaedic Spine database and identified patients with IS and posterior spinal fusion with segmental spinal instrumentation between 2010 and 2018. Pre-operative radiographs included standing posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral radiographs, supine …
A uniformly most powerful detector of gas plumes against a cluttered background

Abstract The agriculture, waste management, and energy sectors make major contributions of methane to the atmosphere. Cost-effective means of locating both anthropogenic and natural sources of methane and other gases are needed in order to improve understanding of greenhouse gas budgets and facilitate mitigation. One approach uses imaging spectrometers operating on remote sensing platforms, such as aircraft or satellites, to locate specific types of plumes. This paper develops spectral algorithms for the detection of any absorptive gas, for example, methane in the shortwave infrared region. The presence of a target gas is inferred from its known absorptivity spectrum along with local background statistics gathered by the sensor. The problem of distinguishing the target signal from clutter is usually solved by modeling the spectral background with some member of the class of elliptical distributions, most commonly a multivariate Gaussian. That class of models is replaced here by the lognormal distribution. A logarithmic transformation then recasts the associated hypothesis test into a standard form, allowing derivation of a uniformly most powerful solution. It is theoretically optimal simultaneously for all gas concentrations. This leads further to new algorithms for the detection and quantification of gas mixtures.
MagneTEskin-Reconstructing skin by magnetically induced assembly of autologous microtissue cores.

Skin wounds are immense medical and socioeconomic burdens, and autologous skin grafting remains the gold standard for wound repair. We recently found that full-thickness micro skin tissue columns (...
Drone Strikes Threaten Habeas Corpus: A Proposed Solution

President Obama asserts that he has the constitutional privilege and right to order the killing of any American citizen and then cover it up. This is a sickening and dangerous attack on habeas corpus. I offer a modest change in procedures that would protect habeas corpus for American citizens.