cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Preimplantation Blastocysts in the Squirrel Monkey by a Laparoscopic Technique

A laparoscopic uterine flushing technique has been developed for the recovery of preimplantation embryos from the squirrel monkey. Fourteen adult female squirrel monkeys were induced to ovulate with 4 or 5days' treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone (1mg) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (500IU). Natural mating with a fertile male or artificial insemination was performed near the time of ovulation. Thirty-six hours and eleven days after HCG administration, the females were laparoscoped to determine whether ovulation had occurred. Under laparoscopic control, 1.2 to 3ml of warmed saline were flushed through the uterine lumen 4 to 7 and 15 to 17days after HCG administration. Flushed fluid was recovered with a polyethylene catheter or a Pasteur pipette inserted into the cleaned vagina. Fifty-eight uterine flushings were performed, with an average of 65.4% fluid recovery. Six nonfertilized ova and two preimplantation blastocysts were recovered by this technique.
RUSSIAN RAILWAYS AND THE SEABORNE GRAIN EXPORT TRADE: 1883-1911

The interaction between railway development and agricultural expansion is a salient feature of the post-emancipation Russian economy. The railway network's growth allowed the Empire's agricultural core to shift southeastward and facilitated rapid growth in grain exports. Exports rose initially through the Baltic ports and later through the ports of the Black and Azov seas. A limited degree of regional specialization emerged, but governmental constraints and overall economic immaturity hampered further economic development.
Acute myeloid leukemia: advancing clinical trials and promising therapeutics

Recent progress in understanding the biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the identification of targetable driver mutations, leukemia specific antigens and signal transduction pathways has ushered in a new era of therapy. In many circumstances the response rates with such targeted or antibody-based therapies are superior to those achieved with standard therapy and with decreased toxicity. In this review we discuss novel therapies in AML with a focus on two major areas of unmet need: (1) single agent and combination strategies to improve frontline therapy in elderly patients with AML and (2) molecularly targeted therapies in the frontline and salvage setting in all patients with AML.
Influence of Small Doses of Heparin on Fat Tolerance Curves in vivo and in vitro.

Summary1. By the use of a well-standardized fat tolerance test, it has been possible to demonstrate the clearing effect of small doses of intravenously administered heparin in vivo. Furthermore by use of these small doses of heparin, we have demonstrated that individuals vary in their ability to clear their own sera in vitro after incubation. It has also been shown that an individual who clears well in vivo will probably clear well in vitro, as in the experiments described. Apparently the potent “clearing factor” formed, as for example in subject L, was very potent for the sera of other subjects who formed less “potent clearing” factor under similar conditions.
Article 8. Repository of Published Information

The new Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law encourage transparency in the public interest, but the most valuable tool to achieve this overall goal will be the repository – a searchable electronic database of arbitral decisions – prescribed in Article 8 of the Rules. Article 8 breathes life into the other Articles by creating a space for access to the information that the Rules make public. In effect, the Rules will only be as successful as the repository is functional. This Chapter highlights key points in Article 8’s negotiating history. It concludes that the repository will precipitate an unexpected result: that lawyers will draw from the case law to a greater extent than at present to push the international arbitration regime toward a precedential system.
A kinetic model describing the interaction of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 with calcium ions.

Abstract A kinetic model is derived for the interaction of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 with calcium ions. The model requires binding of a minimum of two calcium ions for induction of the observed biphasic fluorescence decrease as a function of time. The model is shown to be consistent with experimental kinetic and equilibrium data by fitting theoretical curves for the biphasic fluorescence change to the data through exact solution of the nonlinear differential rate equations derived from the model. The rate constants for the binding of these two required calcium ions are calculated from the solutions as best fit parameters. The thermodynamic equilibrium constants, K1 and K2, for the binding of these two calcium ions are calculated from ratios of the forward and reverse rate constants as 0.6 X 10(4) and 5.4 X 10(4), respectively. Thus, the model correctly predicts positively cooperative calcium ion binding for at least the two calcium ions required to induce fluorescence quenching.
Emerging Roles of Adipose Progenitor Cells in Tissue Development, Homeostasis, Expansion and Thermogenesis

Stem or progenitor cells are an essential component for the development, homeostasis, expansion, and regeneration of many tissues. Within white adipose tissue (WAT) reside vascular-resident adipose progenitor cells (APCs) that can proliferate and differentiate into either white or beige/brite adipocytes, which may control adiposity. Recent studies have begun to show that APCs can be manipulated to control adiposity and counteract 'diabesity'. However, much remains unknown about the identity of APCs and how they may control adiposity in response to homeostatic and external cues. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of adipose progenitors and cover a range of topics, including the stem cell/progenitor lineage, their niche, their developmental and adult roles, and their role in cold-induced beige/brite adipocyte formation.
Process monitoring of friction stir welding via the frequency of the spindle motor current

Friction stir welding is a solid-state process that is gaining preference for the joining of metals with low melting points. Despite the clear advantages of friction stir welding over traditional fusion welding, voids within the weld seam arise when improper conditions are present. The work presented in this article examines the development of an automated process monitoring system for friction stir welding. The system indirectly monitors the welding torque through the supplied current to the spindle motor. To measure the current, a clamp-on current meter was used. Our results have shown that using a simple and inexpensive clamp-on current meter provides good insight into the welding torque. Examination focused on the frequency spectrum of the current. A Fourier transform decomposed the signal into various frequencies present. The results consistently showed that when no void was present, there was a component of the current’s frequency at 14 Hz. However, when the tool encountered a void, the frequency sp...
Leveraging disposable instrumentation to reduce coverage collection overhead: Research Articles

Testers use coverage data for test suite quality assessment, stopping criteria definition, and effort allocation. However, as the complexity of products and testing processes increases, the cost of coverage data collection may grow significantly, jeopardizing its potential application. To mitigate this problem this paper presents the concept of ‘disposable coverage instrumentation’—coverage instrumentation that is removed after its execution—through two techniques: local disposal, and collective disposal. A Java virtual machine was extended to support these techniques, and their potential is shown through two studies utilizing the Specjvm98 and Specjbb2000 benchmarks. The results indicate that the techniques can reduce coverage collection overhead by an order of magnitude over state-of-the-art techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Based on ‘Reducing coverage collection overhead with disposable instrumentation’ by Kalyan-Ram Chilakamarri and Sebastian Elbaum which appeared in Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2004), Saint Malo, France, November 2004; 233–244. © 2004 IEEE. This revised and expanded version appears here with the permission of the IEEE
Solar geoengineering economics: From incredible to inevitable and half-way back

Solar geoengineering technologies are unique in many ways, and the economic incentives they could unleash are just as interesting. Since their introduction as a potential alternative, economists have been intrigued by the potential of these technologies to dramatically alter the way we think about climate policy. As our scientific understanding of the technologies evolve, so does the way economists think about them. In this paper, we document the evolution of economic thinking around these technologies since before Crutzen (2006) until today and provide some fruitful areas for further research.
Inactivation of Interferon Receptor Promotes the Establishment of Immune Privileged Tumor Microenvironment

Refractoriness of solid tumors, including colorectal cancers (CRCs), to immunotherapies is attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that protects malignant cells from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We found that downregulation of the type I interferon receptor chain IFNAR1 occurs in human CRC and mouse models of CRC. Downregulation of IFNAR1 in tumor stroma stimulated CRC development and growth, played a key role in formation of the immune-privileged niche, and predicted poor prognosis in human CRC patients. Genetic stabilization of IFNAR1 improved CTL survival and increased the efficacy of the chimeric antigen receptor T cell transfer and PD-1 inhibition. Likewise, pharmacologic stabilization of IFNAR1 suppressed tumor growth providing the rationale for upregulating IFNAR1 to improve anti-cancer therapies.
Policy and Program Options in Community-Oriented Long-Term Care

Proposals for major reforms in the organization, delivery, and financing of long-term care for the aged and disabled increasingly dominate federal and state health-policy debates. Innovative programs and large-scale demonstration and research efforts have focused attention on expanding community-oriented long-term care (CLTC). This review examines findings from national surveys, evaluations of CLTC demonstrations, and early returns from emergent comprehensive models with a focus on the lessons and challenges presented by CLTC for health-care practitioners and clinical research. The first section summarizes the major criticisms of the current delivery system for long-term care and defines two sets of conclusions derived from studies of programs intended to improve this system.
A Comparison of Three Procedures for Automatic Magazine and Key-Peck Training in the Pigeon

3 procedures were examined for automatic magazine and key-peck training of pigeons. The procedures were auto-shaping, successive auto-magazine and auto-shaping, and simultaneous auto-magazine and auto-shaping. The results indicated that simultaneous procedure produced the fastest acquisition of key-pecking behavior. A second experiment compared length of ITI during simultaneous auto-magazine and auto-shaping. The ITIs compared were variable duration 30-sec. and variable duration 150-sec. Data indicated that the variable duration 150-sec. ITI produced the most rapid key-peck acquisition. The results were discussed in terms of using the automated procedure as a method for reducing E’s time in magazine training and response shaping. The technique was also discussed as a method for standardization which does away with effects from individual differences in the art of “hand-shaping.”
P211 Single institution study of medical radiation exposure in a cohort of children diagnosed with a solid tumour, 2005–2015

Background Pre-natal or early childhood exposure to medical radiation used in diagnosis or treatment is an identified risk for childhood cancers, but can be difficult to document. The author developed a family questionnaire/interview form to identify possible exposures. Aims This retrospective study examines pre-natal and early childhood medical radiation exposure in a cohort of children diagnosed with a solid tumour from 2005–2015 at the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP). The hospital is a tri-state regional referral centre which treats about 150–180 new cases of cancer in children per year. About 60% are diagnosed with a solid tumour. Methods Each consented family so far (approximately 50% of the cohort) has been interviewed in person or by phone call. Medical staff and psycho-social staff referred patient families for interview with the author. Results Among the families interviewed to date, at least one medical radiation exposure has been identified (pre-conception, pre-natal, or early childhood) in over 70% of diagnosed children. These exposures have included pre-conception sinus or chest CT or x-ray in either parent, sinus CT, or x-ray in mother of diagnostic radiation of chest or abdomen in children. Conclusions Exposures to medical radiation for a child later diagnosed with cancer may occur at several critical junctures. These exposures may well contribute to a ’perfect storm’ in the still elusive causes of childhood cancer. The author plans to expand the study from 1980 to present to hopefully further document these junctures.
Parental Broad Autism Phenotype and the Language Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Father-child and mother-child interactions were examined in order to investigate concurrent associations between three characteristics of parental broad autism phenotype (i.e., aloofness, rigidity, pragmatic language deficits), parental verbal responsiveness, and language skills of children with ASD. Results for mothers indicated that aloofness and rigidity were negatively associated with both child-initiated engagement and child language skills. Maternal aloofness was also negatively correlated with verbal responsiveness to their children, but rigidity was not. Results suggest that the association between aloofness and child language are potentially mediated by maternal use of responsive verbal behaviors. Maternal pragmatic language deficits were not concurrently related to child-initiated engagement or language skills. In contrast, for fathers, aloofness and rigidity were unrelated to child-initiated engagement and language skills. Paternal pragmatic deficits were also not associated with child language, however significant positive associations were found between paternal pragmatic language deficits and frequency of child-initiated engagement. Results are discussed in reference to potential clinical implications and directions for future research.
Setting Realistic Goals for Quality Assurance Monitoring: Patient Falls Versus Patient Days

In order to set criteria for determining an acceptable level of patient falls, Riverview Medical Center in Red Bank, New Jersey created a regression line predicting the expected frequency of patient falls by patient days. The regression line was derived from data reflecting the hospital's own experience with patient falls during a two-year period. The medical center now compares predicted and actual fall rates on a monthly basis. Corrective actions are implemented when the number of falls rises above the regression line during two consecutive months. The regression line thus serves as a useful method of determining the need for enhanced QA activities.
Platelet-derived growth factor--its role in health and disease.

It has been well known for many years that serum is required for the growth of most diploid cells in culture. Several attempts were made to determine the source of the growth activity present in serum. Partially purified fractions that contained mitogenic activity were isolated, but none of these demonstrated the cellular source of this proliferative activity. In 1974, it was observed that platelets were the source of the principal mitogenic activity present in whole blood serum and absent in cell-free plasma-derived serum.1,2 These observations were made initially for smooth muscle cellsl and subsequently for mouse embryo 3T3 cells.2 At that time it was not clear whether there was more than one growth factor present in platelets. However, the major mitogen released by platelets, which is the subject of this report, has been termed the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).
A Paper Tape Controlled X-Ray Diffractometer for the Measurement of Retained Austenite

The instrumentation and software for performing X-ray intensity measurements with a paper tape controlled diffractometer are described. The hardware includes two addressable axis positioners which control Slo-Syn stepping motors on the 2θ and ω axes of the diffractometer, an addressable scaler-timer, a multi-axis programmer and a Teletype, in addition to the normal counting electronics. This system may be manually controlled with front panel switches or with instructions entered on the Teletype. In the automatic off-line mode instructions for motor speed, motor direction, starting angle, final angle, angular increment and scaler preset (time or counts) punched on paper tape are read and executed in sequence. A Teletype output of 2θ and ω angles, time and counts is obtained at each step. This off-line system was used for the measurement of austenite in H12 hot work die steel austenitized at various conditions and which contained a maximum of 13% austenite. A helium chamber was used to extend the limit of detection to 0.4% austenite. The X-ray analysis involved measuring the areas of the (200) austenite diffraction line and the (200) martensite line. For each of these lines, the system was programmed to integrate the counts over angular intervals corresponding to a low-angle background, the peak and a high-angle background using the ability of the axis positioner to stop the scaler-timer at the end of each angular interval. The additional capability of slewing rapidly between the various diffraction lines reduced the time required for automatic data collection. The present off-line system can be used to simplify other types of X-ray diffraction analysis such as residual stress and micros train/particle size determinations, since the manual data handling can be eliminated with the computer compatible punched paper tape output. Future development of this instrumentation includes direct computer control of the diffractometer and computerized data reduction, with the advantage of a paper tape back-up system.
Mine-Land Reclamation: The Fate of Trace Elements in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

We examine the general topic of the biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and trace-element environmental concerns in surface coal-mine land reclamation1. Emphasis is placed on research trends and results from the arid and semi-arid regions of North America. We discuss the importance of conducting pre- and post-mining trace element inventories that both anticipate potential reclamation problems and help define possible long-term ‘ecosystem’ stability. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the source, release and transport mechanisms, and fate of trace elements under various reclamation environments and how this relates to sustainable plant establishment and animal risk factors.
Disclosure of HIV Serostatus and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use on Internet Hookup Sites Among Men Who have Sex with Men.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) who use websites and smartphone applications to meet sexual partners (“hookup sites”) may be at increased HIV risk. Many sites provide profile options to disclose HIV status and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. Little is known about the acceptability of disclosure options which may guide sexual decision-making. We evaluated 104 MSM presenting to a publicly-funded STD clinic. Most (86%) had met a partner online in the last 12 months; 55 and 27% reported using the HIV and PrEP disclosure options, respectively. White MSM were less likely to disclose HIV status than MSM of color (46% vs 74%, p < 0.05). Fifty-three percent of men were more likely to contact a potential partner who disclosed being HIV-negative, and 48% were more likely to do so if the person disclosed being on PrEP. Future HIV prevention approaches should promote disclosure options among MSM meeting partners online.
Abstract TP458: Stroke Disparities: Longer Lengths of Stay in Acute Stroke Patients With Medicaid

Introduction: Prolonged hospital stays expose stroke patients to hospital-acquired infections, increase overall cost of care, and delay the initiation of rehabilitation therapies. We sought to exam...
Adapting the flow of time with dopamine.

How does dopamine (DA) influence interval timing? A large body of pharmacological evidence has suggested that DA accelerates timekeeping mechanisms. However, recent optogenetic work has shown exact...
Ethical Considerations for Client-Centered Telepractice

Purpose This article addresses the ethical conduct of client-centered telepractice, with the following purposes: to define ethical communication, to describe state licensure requirements for practi...
Association of African-American ethnicity and smoking status with total and individual damage index in systemic lupus erythematosus

Smoking has been associated with increased incidence, severity of cutaneous lupus, and lupus activity. We looked at the association of both smoking and ethnicity with the individual damage items from the SLICC/ACR Damage Index. Poisson regression was used to model the total SLICC/ACR Damage Index score against ever smoking. Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between time to individual damage items and ever smoking. Furthermore, we compared SLICC/ACR Damage Index items among African-American and Caucasian ever smokers. The study included 2629 patients, 52.6% Caucasian and 39.3% African-American. The prevalence of ever smokers was 35.8%. There was no significant difference in total SLICC/ACR Damage Index score between ever smokers and never smokers after adjustment for ethnicity, gender, age at diagnosis, and years of education. Ever smokers had more atherosclerotic cardiovascular damage and skin damage compared to non-smokers. Caucasian SLE patients who ever smoked were more likely to have muscle atrophy and atherosclerosis compared to Caucasian non-smokers. African-American patients who ever smoked were more likely to have skin damage compared to African-American non-smokers. African-Americans who smoked were more likely to have many more damage items (cataract, renal damage, pulmonary hypertension, cardiomyopathy, deforming or erosive arthritis, avascular necrosis, skin damage, and diabetes) compared to Caucasians who smoked. Our analysis proved the major effect of smoking on cardiovascular and cutaneous damage. Surprisingly, cardiovascular damage items had higher hazard ratios in Caucasian smokers than non-smokers while skin damage items hazard ratios were higher in African-American smokers compared to non-smokers.
How the ageing microenvironment influences tumour progression

Most cancers arise in individuals over the age of 60. As the world population is living longer and reaching older ages, cancer is becoming a substantial public health problem. It is estimated that, by 2050, more than 20% of the world's population will be over the age of 60 - the economic, healthcare and financial burdens this may place on society are far from trivial. In this Review, we address the role of the ageing microenvironment in the promotion of tumour progression. Specifically, we discuss the cellular and molecular changes in non-cancerous cells during ageing, and how these may contribute towards a tumour permissive microenvironment; these changes encompass biophysical alterations in the extracellular matrix, changes in secreted factors and changes in the immune system. We also discuss the contribution of these changes to responses to cancer therapy as ageing predicts outcomes of therapy, including survival. Yet, in preclinical studies, the contribution of the aged microenvironment to therapy response is largely ignored, with most studies designed in 8-week-old mice rather than older mice that reflect an age appropriate to the disease being modelled. This may explain, in part, the failure of many successful preclinical therapies upon their translation to the clinic. Overall, the intention of this Review is to provide an overview of the interplay that occurs between ageing cell types in the microenvironment and cancer cells and how this is likely to impact tumour metastasis and therapy response.
Using simulation to approximate the minimum cost of a finite set of alternatives

We consider the problem of approximating the minimum cost of a finite set of alternative systems. We can not directly observe the cost of the systems, but we can estimate the cost using simulation. The simulation run lengths are adaptively chosen for each system. We describe an optimization algorithm and establish a bound on the error convergence rate. Compared with a single system, the error grows by an additional factor of the square root of the logarithm of the number of systems and the simulation budget.
Effects of W Doping in VO2 on the Magnetic Properties of VO2/Ni Heterostructures

The effects of tungsten (W) doping on the material properties of VO2 films and the magnetic properties of VO2/Ni bilayers were investigated. Doped VO2 films are fabricated using a sol-gel synthesis technique. As seen in previous studies, the vanadium dioxide metal to insulator transition (MIT) is shifted to lower temperature and reduced in magnitude with increased W doping. While the impact on transport is quite dramatic, morphology of VO2 is only slightly affected by W doping. We find that there is a stabilization of the rutile phase of VO2 at room temperature and formation of a small amount of V2WO6 phase. VO2/Ni bilayers show a sharp decrease in the coercivity and increase in the magnetic moment at the VO2 structural phase transition. W doping decreases the temperature of these magnetic properties and also decreases their magnitude. The decreased magnitude of the magnetic effects, along with the stabilization of the rutile phase seen in the X-ray data, suggests that the degradation of the MIT is due to structural reasons and not solely because of added carriers to the system.
Agency: A Partial History of Live Art

Agency, edited by Theron Schmidt, is about the Live Art Development Agency (LADA), founded by Lois Keidan and Catherine Ugwu in 1999. Published on the twentieth anniversary of the institution, Agen...
Tracking medical student emotionality in relation to whole body dissection and donation

Introduction For students studying anatomy, dissection of the human body can elicit a wide range of intellectual and emotional responses that are subject to change over the duration of a course. The purpose of this study was to determine how overall emotional responses change over time, if there are differences in responses by gender and previous laboratory exposure, and if these responses impact course performance. Methods First-year medical students enrolled in the Human Structure and Function course at the University of Vermont, and in the Organ Systems 1, 2, and 3 courses at Morehouse School of Medicine were given a series of four surveys across the first-year curriculum. Data were gathered regarding age, gender, and previous laboratory exposure. Students were asked to rate their level of 15 positive and negative emotions, and their desire to avoid or approach the laboratory and donors. These responses were translated to three measures: (a) a positive response index (PRI), (b) a negative response index (NRI), and (c) an avoid-approach index (AAI). Responses were followed longitudinally and matched with anatomy practical examination grades. Results Gender and previous laboratory exposure status were both significantly related to emotional responses at different points throughout the year, and unique patterns of responses across the year emerged within each group. Higher PRI and AAI were positively correlated with some practical examination scores. Conclusions Data suggest that gender and previous laboratory exposure status influence emotional responses to dissection, and that these responses may have an effect on course performance.
Parental Perceptions of Adolescent Connectedness and the Role of the Primary Care Provider

Introduction Adolescent connectedness to adults, schools, and peers is a protective factor for development. This study aimed to describe parental perceptions of opportunities for youth connectedness and the potential role of the primary care provider in supporting these opportunities. Method Eleven parents or caregivers of youth aged 11–18 years participated in semistructured interviews for a prospective qualitative descriptive study. Interview transcripts were analyzed using constant comparison and deductive and inductive coding. Results Findings suggest that parents and caregivers view adolescent participation in activities as positive, and nonparental adults play a large role in influencing adolescent involvement in activities. Parents and caregivers did not recall discussing connectedness with their adolescent's primary care provider but would find this helpful. Discussion Conversations about connectedness are missing from the well adolescent visit, and more research is needed to explore the most effective ways to have these discussions with adolescents and their parents or caregivers.
Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Extensor Mechanism Disruption With Modular Knee Fusion: Clinical and Biomechanical Outcomes.

Abstract Background Extensor mechanism disruption (EMD) combined with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty are life-changing complications. The literature suggests many eventually receive above-knee amputation and lose ambulatory function. An alternative is modular knee fusion (KF), but little is known about its outcomes and biomechanical function. We report early term results on a case series of patients. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent 2-stage reconstruction with modular KF for combined EMD and PJI. Patient-reported outcomes at 1 year after arthrodesis and complications of surgery were recorded. Biomechanical analysis was conducted on 6 patients >1 year after surgery to measure gait speed and balance. Results Fifteen patients received a modular KF. At the most recent follow-up visit (average 25.7 months), 12 patients had their modular KFs in place and were ambulatory while 2 had died. Six patients used a walker; 4, a cane; and 2, unassisted. Gait analysis of 6 of these patients showed variation in patterns and speed. Balance was better than historical controls treated with above-knee amputation. Average Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Junior was 76 ± 11. Conclusion Modular KF for EMD and PJI can result in successful outcomes in terms of preventing additional operations and maintaining ambulation. While speed is variable, physical testing shows this method for limb salvage may allow patients to ambulate with a gait aid although further studies are needed to evaluate midterm and long-term results.
Multiomic Characterization of Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Reveals Distinct Genetic and Immunologic Features of Recurrent Disease

Abstract Background Recurrence after surgery for early-stage lung cancer is common, occurring between 30-50% of the time. Despite the popularization of prognostic gene signatures in early-stage lung cancer that allow us to better predict which patients may recur, why patients recur after surgery remains unclear. Methods Using a large cohort of lung adenocarcinoma patients with complete genetic, genomic, epigenetic and clinical profiling, a recurrence classifier was developed which identifies patients at highest risk of recurrence. The genetic, genomic, and epigenetic profiles of stage I patients with low-vs. high-risk of recurrence were compared. To characterize the tumor immune microenvironment of recurrent stage I tumors, single cell RNA-seq was performed on fresh tissue samples undergoing lung adenocarcinoma resection at UCSF to identify unique immune population markers and applied to the large stage I lung adenocarcinoma cohort using digital cytometry. Results Recurrence high-risk stage I lung adenocarcinomas demonstrated a higher mutation burden than low-risk tumors, however, none of the known canonical lung cancer driver mutations were more prevalent in high-risk tumors. Transcriptomic analysis revealed widespread activation of known cancer and cell cycle pathways with simultaneous downregulation of immune response pathways including antigen presentation and Th1/Th2 activation. Tumors at high-risk of recurrence displayed depleted adaptive immune populations, and depletion of adaptive immune populations was independently prognostic of recurrence in stage I lung adenocarcinomas. Conclusion Recurrent stage I lung adenocarcinomas display distinct features of genomic and genetic instability including increased tumor mutation burden, neoantigen load, activation of numerous mitotic and cell cycle genes, and decreased genome-wide methylation burden. Relative depletion of infiltrating adaptive immune populations may allow these tumors to escape immunosurveillance and recur after surgery.
Vaccine titers in lymphoma patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

7555Background: While CAR-T therapy is not myelo-ablative, patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) are lymphodepleted and have prolonged...
The Significance of Gastric Emptying Time Study

I am surprised that your reviewers recommended publication of the paper on gastric retention in neonates.1 The rate of stomach emptying varies with the volume of its contents.2 In one study involving infants, a 10-ml increase in volume produced an average increase in the rate of emptying of 0.32 ml/min in the first 10 minutes when a 5% glucose solution was used.3 The study by Gupta and Brans1 varied volume with weight, gestation, and postnatal age. It should, therefore, be obvious that it is impossible to draw meaningful conclusions from this study. The claim that there is a "striking similarity" between their study and that of Yu4 is not true.
Captology: Looking forward

This chapter discusses the five trends that outline the next stages of captology. Persuasive technology systems will become numerous and eventually becoming part of everyday lives, at home and at work. Computer-based influence strategies will not only appear in typical desktop and Web applications, but they will be designed into everyday consumer products, such as cars, kitchen appliances, and clothing. The second major trend deals with application areas for captology. The largest growth area in the near term is commerce—buying and branding through interactive systems. Another trend in captology will be the proliferation of devices created specifically for persuasive purposes. These devices use influence strategies to target a specific audience in a limited domain. The fourth trend has to do with the nature of captology itself. In the coming years, the study of computers as persuasive technologies will focus more directly on computer-based influence strategies wherever they occur—in Web sites, desktop productivity software, specialized devices, or in smart environments. As captology focuses more on influence strategies, another trend will focus on influence tactics.
Automatically extracting structure from a logical design

An algorithm for extracting structure from a logical design is presented. It uses a data structure which explicitly represents not only connectivity, but also a variety of information that is generated during logical design. The algorithm is applied to a small design and used to determine the layout. Work is in progress to increase the number of functional cluster types that can be extracted and to develop additional heuristics for automatically mapping the structure onto the chip. >
Electricity basics - Technical Issues of Production and Utilization

This article is the third in A series based on the IEEE PES Power System Basics for Business Professionals tutorial. Perhaps the most difficult part of presenting power system basics is the need to introduce fundamental laws, complex phenomena, and the associated terminology and jargon. It requires a delicate balance between being true to the physical world and being understandable by business professionals. This article summarizes that delicate balance and gives the essence of the tutorial presentations made on the subject of "Introduction to Electricity and the Technical Issues of Its Production and Use".
FREELY MIGRATING DEFECTS IN ION-IRRADIATED CU3AU

The efficiency of producing freely migrating vacancy defects in irradiated Cu3Au was examined using electrical resistivity measurements of radiation-induced ordering on highly perfect single-crystal films. Relative efficiencies for He, Ne, and Ar bombardments at different ion energy and specimen temperature were obtained. The ratio of the efficiencies of 0.6 MeV Ne to He increased with temperature from ∼0.25 at 340 K to a saturation value of ∼0.40 at 520 K. For Ar and He, the ratio increased from ∼0.11 at 360 K to ∼0.18 at 540 K. Estimates indicate that about half of all defects created in cascades are freely migrating.
SIFT: snort intrusion filter for TCP

Intrusion rule processing in reconfigurable hardware enables intrusion detection and prevention services to run at multiGigabit/second rates. High-level intrusion rules mapped directly into hardware separate malicious content from benign content in network traffic. Hardware parallelism allows intrusion systems to scale to support fast network links, such as OC-192 and 10 Gbps Ethernet. In this paper, a snort intrusion filter for TCP (SIFT) is presented that operates as a preprocessor to prevent benign traffic from being inspected by an intrusion monitor running Snort. Snort is a popular open-source rule-processing intrusion system. SIFT selectively forwards IP packets that contain questionable headers or defined signatures to a PC where complete rule processing is performed. SIFT alleviates the need for most network traffic from being inspected by software. Statistics, like how many packets match rules, are used to optimize rule processing systems. SIFT has been implemented and tested in FPGA hardware and used to process Internet traffic from a campus Internet backbone with live data.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Pathway Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation

The nuclear receptor and transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), regulates the activity of other transcription factors in the adipogenic differentiation and inflammatory response pathways. We examined the possible function of the PPAR-γ pathway in osteoclast (Ocl) formation from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ HSCs), using a co-culture system comprised of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and CD34+ HSCs, both derived from bone marrow. Ocl formation in this co-culture system is enhanced by the addition of exogenous osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), an essential Ocl differentiation factor, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). The data indicate that soluble OPGL (sOPGL) and M-CSF stimulate Ocl formation in the co-cultures up to 4-fold compared with CD34+ HSCs alone treated with sOPGL and M-CSF. CD34+ HSCs, but not hMSCs, express PPAR-γ, and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin-J2 (15d-PG-J2), a PPAR-γ agonist, completely blocked the effects of sOPGL and M-CSF on Ocl formation and activity. The inhibitory effect of 15d-PG-J2 is specific to the Ocl lineage in both human and mouse models of osteoclastogenesis. Accordingly, parallel experiments demonstrate that sOPGL activates the NF-κB pathway within mouse Ocl progenitors, and this effect was abolished by 15d-PG-J2. These data establish a link between PPAR-γ and OPGL signaling within Ocl progenitors, and support a role for PPAR-γ pathway in the modulation of osteoclastogenesis.
Genetics of a pheromonal difference affecting sexual isolation between Drosophila mauritiana and D. sechellia.

Females of the sibling species Drosophila sechellia and D. mauritiana differ in their cuticular hydrocarbons: the predominant compound in D. sechellia is 7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD), while that in D. mauritiana is 7-tricosene (7-T). We investigate the genetic basis of this difference and its involvement in reproductive isolation between the species. Behavioral studies involving hydrocarbon transfer suggest that these compounds play a large role in the sexual isolation between D. mauritiana males and D. sechellia females, while sexual isolation in the reciprocal hybridization results more from differences in female behavior than hydrocarbons. This interspecific difference in hydrocarbon profile is due to evolutionary change at a minimum of six loci, all on the third chromosome. The localization of evolutionary change to the third chromosome has been seen in every other genetic analysis of female hydrocarbon differences in the D. melanogaster group. We suggest that the high 7,11-HD phenotype seen in two species evolved twice independently from ancestors having the high 7-T phenotype, and that the recurrent third-chromosome effects are evolutionary convergences that may be due to a concentration of “hydrocarbon genes” on that chromosome.
Projective prediction of pressure increments

A simple projective predictor of pressure increments has been developed. The procedure requires the storage of previous pressure increments and right-hand sides, i.e. a modest amount of storage. Based on this information, the known right-hand sides are projected onto the right-hand side at the new timestep. The projection coefficients are then used to predict the pressure increment at the new timestep. Numerical tests indicate that the number of iterations required is reduced considerably. Furthermore, the main gains are achieved with a very modest number of basis vectors. Typically, no more than 2 previous results have to be stored. The procedure is easy to implement and should be applicable to a large number of codes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Handset for communication terminal

Disclosed is a handset for a communication terminal that minimizes background noise, thereby increasing the clarity of transmitted voice communication. The terminal includes a handset, an acoustic signal path on the handset, a unidirectional condenser microphone within the handset, a microphone holder to secure the microphone within the handset, and a housing to encase the microphone. The microphone is arranged to receive an acoustic signal traveling through the acoustic signal path and within the housing.
Countably additive Möbius transforms for belief functions on Polish spaces

We use Choquet's integral representation theorem (Choquet, 1954) [5] to derive @s-additive Mobius transforms for totally monotone capacities v defined on the Borel sets of a Polish space @W and having certain continuity properties. Several results in the literature follow as corollaries.
Posterior elbow impingement

Abstract Excessive valgus stress applied to the medial elbow during the acceleration phase of the pitch causes forcefulwedging of the olecranon into the olecranon fossa. This process often leads to pathologic changes including osteophyte formation on the posteromedial aspect of the olecranon. This article presents our open and arthroscopic techniques for debridement of a posteromedial olecranon osteophyte and discusses some of our thoughts on evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation of the thrower with posterior impingement.
Multiphoton imaging with compact femtosecond fiber lasers

We discuss the development of compact, affordable multiphoton microscopes using robust femtosecond fiber lasers as the excitation source. Application in brain imaging and Barrett’s cancer imaging will be presented.
Personal Space Invasion: Sex Differentials for near and Far Proximities:

Summary.-The effects of invasion of personal space by a male and a female who approached subjects at near and far proximities were investigated. It was hypothesized that invasion at a near distance would produce greater withdrawal than at a far distance. It was also hypothesized that male dyads would elicit more withdrawal than female dyads and that mixed sex pairs would produce the least withdrawal. All combinations of sex of subject, sex of confederate, and near and far approach proximities were tested. As expected, near proximity produced significantly more withdrawal. However, more withdrawal was produced by the female than the male confederate. Finally, no support was given to the mixed versus same-sex dyad hypothesis. Personal space is the term devised by Katz (1937) to represent an invisible body-centered, personalized boundary which regulates how closely individuals will interact. Study of the effect of situational factors on personal space led Hall ( 1963, 1966) to formulate four ranges of spatial behavior among Americans. These are intimate (0 to 1% ft.) , personal ( 1 % to 4 ft.) , social (4 to 12 ft.), and public (12f ft.) distances. These zones are maintained according to the relationship between two people and the situation. Some studies have manipulated the sex combinations of two people. In same-sex dyads, female pairs maintained a closer distance than male pairs (Pellegrini & Empey, 1970). These results have been explained in terms of
Ideational fluency as a domain of human cognition.

Objective: Many disorders are characterized by impoverished ideational fluency. Tests of letter word, category word, and design fluency likely invoke different cognitive processes, but they might depend on overlapping cortical circuits. Despite differences in the tasks used to assess it, we hypothesized that ideational fluency represents a dissociable dimension of human cognition. Methods: Altogether, 317 healthy adults and 280 adults with medical or psychiatric illnesses completed a cognitive test battery that included three measures of ideational fluency. Principal component analyses assessed the factor loadings of these fluency measures along with 10 other cognitive test scores. A series of hierarchical multiple regressions determined the relative contribution of the other fluency measures to the fluency variable of interest after accounting for demographic factors and other cognitive abilities. Results: In both participant groups all three measures of word and design fluency loaded on a single factor. An ideational fluency composite score was also normally distributed among healthy adults. After accounting for demographic characteristics, intelligence, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning, adding terms for letter- and category-cued word fluency improved multiple regression models predicting design fluency and vice versa. Conclusions: Despite differences among them, the three fluency measures emerged as clearly distinct from other cognitive abilities. Alternate fluency measures also accounted for significant incremental variability in both word and design fluency, even after accounting for other cognitive abilities. Thus, word and design fluency appear to involve a distinct and dissociable, material-independent dimension of cognitive processing, namely ideational fluency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en