cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hymn to the Great People’s Republic of Brooklyn

All postmodern roads lead to Los Angeles. Or so it often seems. For here, as David Lyon reports, is ‘the world’s first truly postmodern city’ (Lyon, 1994: 59). Lyon cites the city’s accelerated de-industrialization, concentration of high-tech occupations, low-paid service and manufacturing jobs, its ‘constantly moving, fragmentary urban flow’, squalid slums and gentrified neighbourhoods, airports, hotels and shopping malls as paradigmatic of postmodernity (59–60). For Edward Soja, one of the city’s leading interpreters, LA is ‘the world’s most symbolic space of urban decentralization’ (Soja, 1995: 23) and this ‘symbolic centrelessness’, in particular, says Lyon, makes LA ‘a metaphor for postmodern consumer culture in general: all is fragmented, heterogeneous, dispersed, plural and subject to consumer choices’ (Lyon: 61).
Can Cryoablation Improve the Outcome of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating From the Papillary Muscles

Recent studies have reported that idiopathic focal ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) can originate from the papillary muscles (PAMs) in the left ventricle (LV) and it is consistent that catheter ablation of these VAs is challenging as compared with the other VAs in the LV [(1–4)][1]. The exact reasons
Long unrepeatered transmission at 10 Gb/s using adiabatic soliton propagation

We experimentally demonstrate transmission of 10 Gbit/s data over 296 km with no in-line amplification. Adiabatic propagation of picosecond solitons is used to increase the launched optical power and obtain a power budget of >62 dB.
Vth-tunable CMIS platform with high-k gate dielectrics and variability effect for 45nm node

A simple high-k/poly-Si dual-gate CMIS platform with a novel method to control threshold voltage (Vth) has been proposed for 45nm node. The PMIS Vth control method is a simple selective fluorine-implantation to channel region with optimizing extension and pocket implantation. We have also demonstrated the transistor variability improvement with our HfSiON/poly-Si platform, compared to SiON/poly-Si platform by practical fully-operating 90nm-node 8Mb-SRAMs
Life in the fat lane: seasonal regulation of insulin sensitivity, food intake, and adipose biology in brown bears

Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) have evolved remarkable metabolic adaptations including enormous fat accumulation during the active season followed by fasting during hibernation. However, these fluctuations in body mass do not cause the same harmful effects associated with obesity in humans. To better understand these seasonal transitions, we performed insulin and glucose tolerance tests in captive grizzly bears, characterized the annual profiles of circulating adipokines, and tested the anorectic effects of centrally administered leptin at different times of the year. We also used bear gluteal adipocyte cultures to test insulin and beta-adrenergic sensitivity in vitro. Bears were insulin resistant during hibernation but were sensitive during the spring and fall active periods. Hibernating bears remained euglycemic, possibly due to hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia. Adipokine concentrations were relatively low throughout the active season but peaked in mid-October prior to hibernation when fat content was greatest. Serum glycerol was highest during hibernation, indicating ongoing lipolysis. Centrally administered leptin reduced food intake in October, but not in August, revealing seasonal variation in the brain’s sensitivity to its anorectic effects. This was supported by strong phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 labeling within the hypothalamus of hibernating bears; labeling virtually disappeared in active bears. Adipocytes collected during hibernation were insulin resistant when cultured with hibernation serum but became sensitive when cultured with active season serum. Heat treatment of active serum blocked much of this action. Clarifying the cellular mechanisms responsible for the physiology of hibernating bears may inform new treatments for metabolic disorders.
Possibility of minimal surface contributions to low photon energy angle-resolved photoemission of CeRu2Si2

Abstract Surface-related effects in angle-resolved valence spectra of CeRu2Si2 at the Ce 4 d →5 f resonance threshold for different cleaved surfaces are presented and compared to angle-integrated valence spectra and to bulk-sensitive Ce 3d-edge valence spectra. Evidence that Ce 4d-edge photoemission spectroscopy on ideal cleaved surfaces is dominated by bulk Ce 4f states is presented.
EL ÁMBITO DE APLICACIÓN DE LA CONVENCIÓN DE NACIONES UNIDAS SOBRE LA COMPRAVENTA INTERNACIONAL DE MERCADERÍAS Y SU INTEGRACIÓN CON EL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PRIVADO CHILENO

This article analyzes some of the most controversial issues that have arisen before Chilean Courts with regard to the scope of application of the CISG and the filling of its gaps (in the absence of general principles) through the application of Chilean choice-of-law rules. The article reviews the decisions of Chilean Courts on the territorial and material scope of application of the CISG; the law applicable to fill its gaps, including the law applicable to agency, limitation periods, property of the goods, burden of proof and the right to withhold performance; as well as the possibility of opting out of the CISG and the effects of the article 96 reservation made by Chile.
What about Us? Economic and Policy Changes Affecting Rural HIV/AIDS Services and Care

ABSTRACTHealth care budgets and policies are chief drivers in the delivery and access to health services. Place is also a factor that affects patient and provider experiences within the health care system. We examine the impact of policy changes and subsequent budget cuts on rural HIV/AIDS care, support services, and prevention. We interviewed 11 social workers, case managers, and outreach workers who serve rural people living with HIV/AIDS. We conducted telephone interviews inquiring about the effect of economics and policies on direct practice with rural clients. We analyzed data using a content analysis approach. We found several themes from the data. Ryan White funding and policy changes shifted direct practice to a medical case management model. Changes in federal and state poverty levels affected client eligibility for the AIDS Drugs Assistance Program. Policy banning financial support for syringe service programs hindered prevention efforts to reduce HIV/AIDS transmission. Ancillary services were r...
Protein Intake and Mood: A Systematic Review

In the last twenty years nutritional neuroscience has emerged as a recognized discipline with the potential to make significant contributions to our understanding of the relationship between nutrit...
Update in Hematology and Oncology: Evidence Published in 2016

Articles about advances in the treatment of sickle cell crisis, the use of agents to reverse anticoagulation, and targeted treatment of immune thrombocytopenia are highlighted. A study on how long ...
Virtual Electrode Theory of Pacing

Twenty years of optical mapping of cardiac electrical activity and mathematical modeling of the cardiac bidomain have provided insight into the basic mechanisms by which electric fields interact with cardiac tissue. We review this research, focusing on our own work on virtual electrodes and cardiac stimulation, which began with observations of adjacent regions of depolarization and hyperpolarization (virtual electrodes) during unipolar stimulation. We describe how this phenomenon leads to break excitation and quatrefoil reentry, controls the shape of the strength-interval curve, is affected by electrical heterogeneities and boundaries, and ultimately provides a foundation for our understanding of cardiac defibrillation. The collective work on the cardiac bidomain provides a strong and well-validated foundation for our understanding of cardiac pacing, magnetocardiography, and defibrillation, and will help usher in a new era of studies on the interactions between membrane potential, calcium, and mechanical deformation.
Using VoiceThread for Reflective Practice and Critical Dialogue

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:Online learning has the potential to allow people of any age and any location to develop knowledge and skills that improve their own lives and that support them to make important contributions to society. AÂ We seek to share some lessons learned on our journey to create and implement an online learning community grounded in critical pedagogy and multicultural education. Participants in this session who might find themselves moving into online teaching will gain insights from our experiences that help shape their work regardless of their discipline.AÂ This session will discuss how VoiceThread can be used to engage students in online environments.AÂ ________________________________________________________________FULL ABSTRACT: As Howard Zinn (2002) reminds us, A¢â¬AYou canA¢â¬â¢t be neutral on a moving train.A¢â¬Â Universities and K-12 schools are moving quickly to increased use of online learning instruction (Allen & Seaman, 2014; Picciano and Seaman, 2009). Online learning has the potential to allow people of any age and any location to develop knowledge and skills that improve their own lives and that support them to make important contributions to society. However, given that there is a paucity of rigorous research evidence that online learning leads to improved student outcomes (Figlio, Rush, Yin, 2010; Jaggars & Bailey 2010), expectations for increased efficiency and access and decreased cost (and in higher education increased revenue) are driving this rapidly moving online train. The need for critical pedagogy and multicultural education is more critical than ever in our increasingly pluralistic global society. Therefore, it is imperative that we explore and share ways to design vibrant online learning environments that adhere to the principles and practices of critical pedagogy and multicultural education. We seek to share some lessons learned on our journey to create and implement an online learning community grounded in critical pedagogy and multicultural education. Participants in this session who might find themselves moving into online teaching will gain insights from our experiences that help shape their work. For this session, we will demonstrate how VoiceThread can be used to engage students in online interactive and collaborative activities that support reflective practice and critical dialogue.
THE PREVENTION OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN ATHLETES: CARDIOVASCULAR SCREENING PRACTICES IN UNITED STATES NATIONAL GOVERNING BODIES AND PARALYMPIC COMMITTEES

Background Cardiac screening in athletes has recently been a focus of investigation and debate among the sports medicine community. Athletic associations and organizations, including the International Olympic Committee, have issued recommendations regarding screening practices in an effort to prevent sudden cardiac death in sport. Objective To examine cardiovascular screening strategies among Olympic-level athletic teams. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting United States National Governing Bodies (NGBs) and National Paralympic Committees (NPCs). Participants Medical team members for US NGBs and NPCs. Interventions Medical team members were surveyed regarding the cardiovascular screening practices of their respective teams. Main Outcome Measurements The screening components and screening frequency performed by US NGBs and NPCs. Results Medical team members for 49/72 (68%) of the US NGBs and NPCs were identified and contact information was obtained through various sources. 42/49 teams (86%) completed the assessment (34 from NGBs and 8 from NPCs). Twenty-one of 42 teams (50%) reported that there was a periodic health evaluation requirement that directed the cardiovascular screening components, frequency, and/or provider. The following screening components were reported as being performed at least once in all or most athletes: personal history (91% of teams), family history (86%), physical exam (81%), electrocardiogram (33%), echocardiogram (5%), and stress test (2%). For teams who did not screen athletes with ECG, the most frequently cited reasons were lack of ECG equipment (40%), lack of evidence (33%), and lack of consensus regarding follow-up testing (20%). Conclusion The US NGBs and NPCs are a heterogeneous collection of athletic teams that have varying approaches to cardiovascular screening. Lack of infrastructure appears to be the biggest barrier to implementing advanced screening protocols. Results from this investigation can be used to support efforts to provide consistent cardiovascular screening practices to NGB and NPC athletes with the goal of preventing tragedy from sudden cardiac death.
Does Private Islamic Schooling Promote Terrorism? An Analysis of the Educational Background of Successful American Homegrown Terrorists

Some commentators argue that private religious schools are less likely to inculcate the attributes of good citizenship than traditional public schools, specifically proposing that private Islamic schools are relatively more likely to produce individuals sympathetic to terrorism. This study offers a preliminary examination of the question by studying the educational backgrounds of Western educated terrorists. While data are limited, in accord with prior work findings indicate the vast majority of both Islamic and reactionary terrorists attended traditional public schools and had no religious education; hence findings suggest that early religious training and identification may actually encourage prosocial behavior.
Photosensitive lichenoid skin reaction to capecitabine

Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of fluorouracil, which is a common agent used in the management of many solid tumor malignancies. Dermatologic reaction is common with various chemotherapy agents but is not commonly reported in the use of capecitabine. When adverse reactions of rashes occur, the offending agent is typically removed. We report here an unusual case of photosensitive lichenoid rash due to capecitabine which is managed conservatively without major alteration in treatment. Seventy-three year old female with a diagnosis of stage IV breast cancer undergoing management with capecitabine presents with a rash during the summer months that is biopsy proven to be lichenoid photosensitive rash with likely offending agent being capecitabine. Her treatment was initially held despite having response to treatment, started on topical steroids after evaluation by dermatology. Given her response to treatment, drug was resumed with instructions to use sun precaution, sunscreen, and to complete course of topical steroids until rash resolution. Drug-related rashes tend to lead to disruptions or alterations in treatments of malignancies, despite responses. Given the wide use of capecitabine in many different solid tumors, it is important to recognize this photosensitive related skin rash and to initiate appropriate precautions of sun safety and topical steroids to allow minimal disruptions in therapy and continue use of capecitabine.
Gender as a Moderator of Descriptive Norms and Substance Use among Latino College Students.

This study addresses gaps in the literature by testing gender differences in the associations between substance use norms and substance use among Latino college students. Secondary data analysis wa...
Modeling Infiltration and Runoff with Surface Crust under Unsteady Rainfalls

AbstractThis study develops a new analytical model to simulate the infiltration and runoff with a crust surface. The new model consists of two parts: (1) an infiltration capacity model using a line...
Mechanisms Generating Ultrasensitivity, Bistability, and Oscillations in Signal Transduction

Stimulus-response curves of signal transduction cascades are often nonlinear; take, for example, sigmoidal curves. Such sigmoidal curves are frequently termed ultrasensitive, as small alterations in the stimulus can elicit large changes in the response. This chapter shall review the importance of ultrasensitivity in signal transduction, with a focus on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The major mechanisms that generate ultrasensitivity (Figure 1) are introduced. In particular, zero-order kinetics and multisite phosphorylation are discussed.
Dynamic obstruction to left ventricular outflow: the case for its existence in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Obstruction to left ventricular outflow is a feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that has been of great interest to clinicians and students of this disease for over 25 years, and while generally regarded as a prominent and important component of HCM, its clinical and pathophysiologic significance has been the source of periodic and often intense disagreement and controversy (1–20). In the early 1960s, a number of investigators observed that those patients with HCM and a loud systolic heart murmur had markedly increased systolic pressure and a pressure gradient recorded within the left ventricle at cardiac catheterization (5, 21–23). This subaortic gradient could easily be distinguished from gradients artifactually produced by physical entrapment of the catheter between left ventricular trabeculations (3–5). It was therefore concluded that true obstruction to left ventricular outflow existed in these patients with HCM.
Resonance Theory Reboot

What is now called “resonance theory” has a long and conflicted history. We first sketch the early roots of resonance theory, its heritage of diverse physics and chemistry conceptions, and its subsequent rise to reigning chemical bonding paradigm of the mid-20th century. We then outline the alternative “natural” pathway to localized Lewis- and resonance-structural conceptions that was initiated in the 1950s, given semi-empirical formulation in the 1970s, recast in ab initio form in the 1980s, and successfully generalized to multi-structural “natural resonance theory” (NRT) form in the 1990s. Although earlier numerical applications were often frustrated by the ineptness of then-available numerical solvers, the NRT variational problem was recently shown to be amenable to highly efficient convex programming methods that yield provably optimal resonance weightings at a small fraction of previous computational costs. Such convexity-based algorithms now allow a full “reboot” of NRT methodology for tackling a br...
Abstract 1872: Oleuropein reduces Prdx1 expression, cell proliferation and viability in K562 human leukemia cells

Oleuropein is one of the two main phenolic compounds derived from olive leaves. Numerous studies have found that the polyphenols contained in olive leaves possess strong antioxidant properties, and increase apoptosis in many types of cancer cells, suggesting its possible efficacy as an anti-cancer treatments. The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of oleuropein extract on cell growth and viability of the K562 human leukemia cell line, and to investigate possible molecular mechanisms of action. Oleuropein of 98% purity was used for our studies. We first demonstrated that K562 cells treated with 200 and 400 μg/ml oleuropein exhibited a significant reduction in cell growth and viability after four days as compared to ethanol-treated controls. Cells treated with 200μg/ml oleuropein showed decreased cell proliferation and viability after two days, and exhibited approximately 90% reduction in cell density and viability after four days of treatment. A concentration of 400 μg/ml oleuropein resulted in 100% toxicity by day four. We also examined the effects of oleuropein on cellular cytotoxicity using an LDH release assay and found a two-fold elevation in LDH release within 24 hours of treatment with 200 μg/mL oleuropein. To begin to explore a mechanisms of action, we used western blotting to examine known antioxidant and signaling pathways for possible regulation by oleuropein in these cells. We examined expression of the Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) family of proteins, a group of thiol-specific antioxidants found to be elevated in many types of cancer. We found that 200 ug/ml oleuropein reduced Prdx1 expression by about 50% after eight and twenty-four hours, while having no significant effect on expression levels of Prdx-2, -3, -4, and -6. We are currently investigating the mechanism of cell death induced by oleuropein, as well as the role of Prdx1 in oleuropein-induced toxicity. Together with previously reported cancer-cell specific effects, this research provides a promising new avenue for the use of natural products as anti-cancer agents. Citation Format: Natalie Fulco, Sophia Fagan, Shelley A. Phelan. Oleuropein reduces Prdx1 expression, cell proliferation and viability in K562 human leukemia cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1872.
One year follow up analysis of the phase 1a/b study of chimeric fibril-reactive monoclonal antibody 11-1F4 in patients with AL amyloidosis

Advanced AL amyloidosis has a very poor prognosis with a high risk of early mortality due to persistent organ dysfunction caused by insoluble amyloid fibril deposits. To improve patient outcomes, t...
Can You See It? Perceived Variance in Scatterplot Visualization:

Understanding uncertainty in spatial domains (such as hurricane forecasting) is both important and challenging, often leading to overconfidence and underestimation of variability. The underlying so...
Generalization of Convolutional LSTM Models for Crop Area Estimation

The population growth and consequent global rise in food demand require increasingly efficient agricultural solutions, in what is commonly called digital agriculture. Among promising initiatives, the use of remotely sensed data combined with machine learning algorithms enables handling faster agricultural operations with lower associated cost. One of the most important activities in digital agriculture is crop identification, which is fundamental for managing the inventory of a farm by producers and governmental authorities, and has been addressed by several prior works. In this article, we explore crop identification from a scalability perspective using the premise that data trained at a set of labeled geo-referenced regions in the agricultural pole at central western Brazil may be used for identifying crops at the entire municipality area. We propose to use convolutional long-short term memory networks for identifying crop types using a public labeled training set, and then apply the trained model for estimating crop area in a larger area involving the entire municipality unlabeled data. Our results were evaluated against governmental census data and report evidences that the tested crop identification network is able to successfully estimate crop area from much larger unlabeled data for different crop types.
Role of Microstructure and Interfaces in Governing the Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites Manufactured in the Solid State

Considerable efforts have been made to manufacture composite materials with low density and to enhance the specific strength of metals and alloys by adding boron carbide particles. One of the major factors in enhancing the mechanical properties of these composites is the interfacial characteristics of the metal/ceramic interface, particularly the strength of the bonding between the metal/ceramic interface. Here we investigate the microstructure and interfacial characteristics of the boron carbide-nickel (B4C-Ni) and silicon carbide-boron carbide (SiC-B4C) composites processed in the solid state at relatively high pressure, using transmission electron microscopy. The sintered boron carbide and nickel powders showed improved hardness and modulus, which is attributed to the formation of nickel boride (Ni4B3) at the nickel-boron carbide interface. Using fine-probe energy dispersive spectroscopy and high-angle annular dark field imaging, we observed a Si-rich intermixing layer for the silicon carbide-boron carbide interface, which could enhance the strength of the interface. The density functional theory calculations show that the decohesion energy of silicon carbide-boron carbide (without intermixing) is smallest at the interface as compared with the bulk silicon carbide and boron carbide, and that the structure would fail along the interface.
SERMeQ model produces a realistic upper bound on calving retreat for 155 Greenland outlet glaciers

The rate of land ice loss due to iceberg calving is a key source of variability among model projections of 21st century sea-level rise. It is especially challenging to account for mass loss due to ...
Predictors of State-Level Stay-at-Home Orders in the United States and Their Association With Mobility of Residents

Objective To evaluate predictors of stay-at-home order adoption among US states, as well as associations between order enactment and residents' mobility. Design We assess associations between state characteristics and adoption timing. We also assess associations between enactment and aggregate state-level measures of residents' mobility (Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports). Setting The United States. Participants Adoption population: 50 US states and District of Columbia. Mobility population: state residents using devices with GPS tracking accessible by Google. Intervention and exposures State characteristics: COVID-19 diagnoses per capita, 2016 Trump vote share, Republican governor, Medicaid expansion status, hospital beds per capita, public health funding per capita, state and local tax revenue per capita, median household income, population, percent residents 65 years or older, and percent urban residents. Mobility exposure: indicator of order enactment by March 29, 2020 (date of mobility data collection). Main outcome measures Order adoption timing: days since adoption of first order. Mobility: changes in mobility to 6 locations from February 6 to March 29, 2020. Results In bivariate models, order adoption was associated with COVID-19 diagnoses (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.01), Republican governor (HR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.44), Medicaid expansion (HR = 2.50; 95% CI, 1.40 to 4.48), and hospital capacity (HR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.70), consistent with findings in the multivariate models. Order enactment was positively associated with time at home (beta (B) = 1.31; 95% CI, 0.35 to 2.28) and negatively associated with time at retail and recreation (B = -7.17; 95% CI, -10.89 to -3.46) and grocery and pharmacy (B = -8.28; 95% CI, -11.97 to -4.59) locations. Trump vote share was associated with increased mobility for 4 of 6 mobility measures. Conclusions and relevance While politics influenced order adoption, public health considerations were equally influential. While orders were associated with decreased mobility, political ideology was associated with increased mobility under social distancing policies.
Issue Engagement on Congressional Candidate Websites, 2002-2006

When candidates engage in robust policy debate, it gives citizens clear choices on issues that matter. Previous studies of issue engagement have primarily used indicators of campaign strategy that are mediated by reporters (e.g., newspaper articles) or indicators that may exclude candidates in less competitive races (e.g., television advertisements). We study issue engagement with data from a unique source, congressional candidate Web sites, that are unmediated and representative of both House and Senate campaigns. We find that the saliency of issues in public opinion is a primary determinant of candidate engagement. And, despite the unique capacity of the Internet to allow candidates to explain their positions on a large number of issues, candidates continue to behave strategically, selecting a few issues on which to engage their adversaries.
Identifying Low Pharmaceutical Calculation Performers Using an Algebra-Based Pretest

Objective. To determine if a pretest assessing algebra-based problem solving skills could aid in identifying those who may underperform in calculations course assessments and if this provides additional value beyond pre-admission and demographic characteristics. Methods. Student pharmacists were screened for algebraic problem solving skills using an 18-item pretest taken the semester prior to a course containing pharmaceutical calculations content. These scores were compared to later performance on pharmaceutical calculations assessments. Linear regression models were computed to determine the relationship between pretest scores and pharmaceutical calculations performance, after controlling for pre-admission factors and demographic characteristics. Results. The median pretest score was 15 out of 18 possible points, with scores ranging from 5 to 18 correct. After controlling for age, gender, ACT scores, and high-school GPA, scores on the algebra-based, word-problem pretest were associated with performance on pharmaceutical calculation assessments. Conclusion. This research demonstrates the ability of a pretest, aimed at identifying deficiencies in algebraic problem solving skills, to identify those at risk of failing to obtain mastery of pharmaceutical calculations, even after controlling for demographics, prior grades, and prior standardized test scores. Identifying these students is a first step towards implementing tailored interventions to improve students9 algebra-based word problem skills in order to prevent deficiencies in pharmaceutical calculations mastery before class even begins.
Initial ciliary assembly in Chlamydomonas requires Arp2/3 complex-dependent endocytosis

ABSTRACT Ciliary assembly, trafficking, and regulation are dependent on microtubules, but the mechanisms of ciliary assembly also require the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we dissect subcellular roles of actin in ciliogenesis by focusing on actin networks nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex in the powerful ciliary model, Chlamydomonas. We find the Arp2/3 complex is required for the initial stages of ciliary assembly when protein and membrane are in high demand, but cannot yet be supplied from the Golgi complex. We provide evidence for Arp2/3 complex-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis of ciliary proteins, an increase in endocytic activity upon induction of ciliary growth, and relocalization of plasma membrane proteins to newly formed cilia. Our data support a new model of ciliary protein and membrane trafficking during early ciliogenesis whereby proteins previously targeted to the plasma membrane are reclaimed by Arp2/3 complex-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis for initial ciliary assembly.
Network Modulation Synthesis: New Algorithms for Generating Musical Audio Using Autoencoder Networks.

A new framework is presented for generating musical audio using autoencoder neural networks. With the presented framework, called network modulation synthesis, users can create synthesis architectures and use novel generative algorithms to more easily move through the complex latent parameter space of an autoencoder model to create audio. Implementations of the new algorithms are provided for the open-source CANNe synthesizer network, and can be applied to other autoencoder networks for audio synthesis. Spectrograms and time-series encoding analysis demonstrate that the new algorithms provide simple mechanisms for users to generate time-varying parameter combinations, and therefore auditory possibilities, that are difficult to create by generating audio from handcrafted encodings.
The cystic duct knot sign: case report with description of a new ultrasound sign of gallbladder torsion

Gallbladder torsion or volvulus is a rare but potentially lethal entity. We report the imaging findings of gallbladder torsion and describe a potentially novel ultrasound sign for the preoperative diagnosis of torsion. An 87-year-old woman presented with a 4-day history of right upper quadrant pain. An initial right upper quadrant ultrasound exam demonstrated cholelithiasis and findings of acute cholecystitis which included gallbladder distension, wall thickening, trace pericholecystic fluid, and a positive sonographic Murphy's sign. Gallbladder torsion was prospectively diagnosed on the subsequent contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen based upon the abnormal transverse orientation of the gallbladder with the neck directed laterally. Ultrasound images were reviewed and a "knot"-like hyperechoic nodular appearance of the torsed cystic duct close to the gallbladder neck was clearly apparent. Prospective identification of the torsed cystic duct may prompt the ultrasound diagnosis of gallbladder torsion.
Managing Helpful Behavior in Collaborative Activities of Heterogeneous Agent Groups

This thesis aims to provide a foundation for designing computer agents able to work better with people and with other agents in heterogeneous groups. When agents work together on a collaborative activity, in addition to performing their share of the activity, they may be able to help one another and thus improve the collective utility. The thesis specifically focuses on investigating the question of how, when and what kinds of helpful behavior should emerge when agents collaborate, taking into account the costs of a helpful action. It considers collaborative activities that take place in settings in which there is uncertainty about agents' capabilities and about the state of the world. To ensure that helpful behavior improves the overall benefit of the collaboration, the thesis incorporates decision-theoretic mechanisms for managing helpful behavior into existing formalizations of collaborative activity. It provides an investigation of the way people perceive the usefulness of helpful actions when proposed by a computer agent. It proposes incentives for facilitating collaboration among self-interested agents. In addition to these theoretical and empirical contributions, my findings are applied to several real-life application domains with different characteristics.
The Hungry Locust

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a research program on feeding and nutrition that has used the locust as its principal subject. The chapter begins by analyzing the patterns of feeding of locusts provided with ample nutritious food under controlled environmental conditions. Even under such simplified conditions, feeding patterns are complex in temporal structure for a range of other animals (from rats to humans), and vary considerably between individuals. The chapter then determines whether the locusts have regulatory systems for individual nutrients. Behavioral and electrophysiological investigations indicated that locusts regulate their intake of protein, carbohydrate, salt, and water. The mechanisms involved were determined to include nutrient-specific modulation of taste receptor responsiveness and learning, including learned specific appetites for protein and carbohydrate. A key problem reviewed in the chapter in the study of feeding and nutrition is how to deal with the interactions occurring between nutrients. Experiments used were based on locusts to develop and test a geometric, state-space framework for considering feeding and nutrition. The scheme allows representation of an animal's multiple nutritional needs and present state, identifies the composition of an optimal food, enables interpretation of the trade-offs reached between overeating some nutrients and under-eating others, provides a means of integrating the study of feeding behavior with that of post-ingestive physiology, and places physiological control mechanisms in an ecological and evolutionary context.
Openness to Change: Experiential and Demographic Components of Change in Local Health Department Leaders.

Background: During the 2008-10 economic recession, Kentucky local health department (LHD) leaders utilized innovative strategies to maintain their programs. A characteristic of innovative strategy is leader openness to change. Leader demographical research in for-profit organizations has yielded valuable insight into leader openness to change. For LHD leaders the nature of the association between leader demographic and organizational characteristics on leader openness to change is unknown. The objectives of this study are to identify variation in openness to change by leaders’ demographic and organizational characteristics and to characterize the underlying relationships. Material and Methods: The study utilized Spearman rank correlations test to determine relationships between leader openness to change (ACQ) and leader and LHD characteristics. To identify differences in the distribution of ACQ scores, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis non-parametric tests were used, and to adjust for potential confounding linear regression analysis was performed. Data: LHD leaders in the Commonwealth of Kentucky were the unit of analysis. Expenditure and revenue data were available from the state health department. National census data was utilized for county level population estimates. A cross-sectional survey was performed of KY LHD leaders’ observable attributes relating to age, gender, race, educational background, leadership experience and openness to change. Results: Leaders had relatively high openness to change scores. Spearman correlations between leader ACQ and departmental 2012-13 revenue and expenditures were statistically significant, as were the differences observed in ACQ by gender and the educational level of the leader. Differences in ACQ score by education level and agency revenue were significant even after adjusting for potential confounders. The analyses imply there are underlying relationships between leader and LHD characteristics based on leader ACQ.
Siblings of Individuals With Disabilities: Reframing the Literature Through a Bioecological Lens

In the United States alone, there are almost 300,000 individuals with developmental disabilities. Researchers have focused primarily on such individuals and their parents; however, the developmental outcomes of such individuals' siblings have been understudied. Research on siblings frequently is atheoretical, which makes it difficult to organize findings in ways that enhance understanding of the multiple influences on sibling development and to predict and promote siblings' outcomes. Application of a theoretical framework is crucial, as it has implications for supports available to siblings and families, as well as for research, programs, and policy. Here, a bioecological framework is used to organize existing research about siblings of individuals with disabilities and the factors that help or hinder their development and to highlight areas needing further study.
Short-term instabilities and long-term community dynamics.

Competition in a temporally variable environment leads to sequences of short-term instabilities that in some cases are the mechanism of long-term coexistence; in other cases they promote long-term instability. Recent work associates long-term stability with a positive relationship between environmental and competitive effects and with population growth rates that are buffered against jointly unfavorable environmental and competitive events. Buffered growth rates arise from population subdivision over life-history stages, microenvironments or phenotypes. A distinct but related mechanism of long-term stability relies on population growth rates that are nonlinear functions of competition. New ways of understanding and investigating species diversity follow from these results.
The Spectral Theory of Second Order Two-Point Differential Operators II. Asymptotic Expansions and the Characteristic Determinant

Abstract In this second paper of a four-part series, we construct the characteristic determinant of a two-point differential operator L in L2[0, 1], where L is determined by l = −D2 + q and by independent boundary values B1, B2. For the solutions u(·; ρ) and υ(·;ρ) of the differential equation ρ2u + u″−qu = 0 with u(1; ρ) = eiρ, u′(1; ρ) = iρeiρ and υ(0; ρ) = 1, υ′(0; ρ) = −iρ, asymptotic formulas are established on a half plane Im ρ ≥ −d. Then u(·; ρ) and υ(·; ρ) lead to the characteristic determinant Δ(ρ) of L, which also satisfies an asymptotic formula on Im ρ ≥ −d.
What do we symbolize? Thoughts prompted by bilabial and labiodental fricatives

The contrast between bilabial and labiodental fricatives is comparatively rare in the world's languages. In his survey of 317 languages Maddieson (1984) notes only one that has the full set of voiced and voiceless sounds [φ, β, f, v], and only four other languages that contrast just the voiced pair. There is no doubt that these contrasts do occur, and that phonologists such as Sagey (1986) are wrong in neglecting to provide for them. This note will provide further particulars of the contrast in languages in which it has not been so well documented in the general linguistic literature. It will also suggest that this contrast may not be made in the same way in all languages, and discuss the implications for the IPA and for theories of phonetic description.
Round cell variant of measles virus: spontaneous conversion from productive to cell-associated state of infection.

Abstract A subacute sclerosing panencephalitis strain of measles virus was found to be composed of two viral variants distinquishable by their cytopathic effects in Vero cells. One of the variants was similar to defective cell-associated measles virus strains, whereas the other was highly productive of viral progeny but did not induce cell fusion. Cloning of the variants by an agarose plaque procedure revealed a consistent and rapid interconversion of the variants into one another. While the mechanism of this interconversion remains unknown, analysis of the expression of viral antigens by the variants using indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies specific for measles structural antigens suggested that the interconversion involved modulation of the expression of the viral matrix or M antigen.
Kinetics of CD11b/CD18 Up-Regulation During Infection with the Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Mice

The agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aoHGE) is a tick-borne, obligate intracellular, granulocytotropic bacterium able to infect numerous host species. Given its unique niche and the leukopenia often noted with infection, we investigated the effect of acute aoHGE infection on neutrophil activation by evaluating surface expression of the beta 2 integrin CD11b/CD18 in a mouse model using FACS analysis. Infection resulted in neutrophil activation with up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 in multiple strains of mice, however, hematologic analysis showed no apparent role for CD11b/CD18 in mediating peripheral leukopenia. Because IFN-gamma is an important cytokine during granulocytic ehrlichiosis and is known to activate leukocytes, we investigated the potential role of IFN-gamma in CD11b/CD18 up-regulation. Neutrophils from IFN-gamma knock-out mice became activated during aoHGE infection, however, the kinetics of activation differed from wild-type mice. In addition, activation correlated directly with the presence of bacteria because neutrophils with large intracytoplasmic morula also expressed higher levels of CD11b/CD18. CD11b/CD18 seemed to be critical to early bacterial clearance and killing in vivo because infection of mice with targeted genetic disruption of CD11b/CD18 resulted in an initial increase in bacterial burden compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, in vitro culture of neutrophils from infected CD11b/CD18 knock-out mice resulted in a marked increase in bacterial proliferation compared with congenic controls. The data support crucial roles of CD11b/CD18 and IFN-gamma-mediated cell activation as mechanisms that limit bacterial replication.
The effect of fuel thermal conductivity on the behavior of LWR cores during loss-of-coolant accidents

The effect of variation in thermal conductivity of light water reactor fuel elements on core response during loss-of-coolant accident scenarios is examined. Initially, a simplified numerical analysis is utilized to determine the time scales associated with dissipation of stored energy from the fuel into the coolant once the fission reaction is stopped. The analysis is then followed by full reactor system thermal–hydraulics analysis of a typical boiling and pressurized water reactor subjected to a large break loss-of-coolant accident scenario using the TRACE code. Accordingly, sensitivity analyses to examine the effect of an increase in fuel thermal conductivity, up to 500%, on fuel temperature evolution during these transients are performed. Given the major differences in thermal–hydraulics design aspects of boiling and pressurized water reactors, different fuel and temperature responses during the simulated loss-of-coolant transients are observed.
En-gendered fears: femininity and technological risk perception:

Historically, risk perception studies have paid little attention to comparative assessments based on gender, race, ethnicity, religion or class. Yet these attributes are crucial in understanding the local acceptability of risky technologies and activities. This paper uses a feminist analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the psychometric paradigm in distinguishing risk perceptions based on gender. We find some slight differences between the views of women and men, particularly with respect to the distrust, perceived catastrophic potential, and perceived potential for death of 33 technologies and activities. Women in the sample were slightly more pessimistic about technology than men and feared those hazards that are societal in nature (nuclear weapons, CFCS, commercial nuclear power). Though only a few minor differences were found between men and women, this is partially explained by shortcomings in the design of the research instrument. Sensitizing modifications specific to gender analysis are suggested.
Evaluation of Rotational Errors in Treatment Setup of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Liver Cancer

Purpose To evaluate the dosimetric impact of rotational setup errors in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment of liver tumors and to investigate whether translational shifts can compensate for rotation. Methods and Materials The positioning accuracy in 20 patients with liver malignancies treated with SBRT was reevaluated offline by matching the patients' cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scans (n=75) to the planning CT scans and adjusting the 3 rotational angles (pitch, roll, and yaw). Systematic and random setup errors were calculated. The dosimetric changes caused by rotational setup errors were quantified for both simulated and observed patient rotations. Dose distributions recalculated on the rotated CT scans were compared with the original planned doses. Translational corrections were simulated based on manual translational registration of the rotated images to the original CT scans. The correction efficacy was evaluated by comparing the recalculated plans with the original plans. Results The systematic rotational setup errors were −0.06° ± 0.68°, −0.29° ± 0.62°, and −0.24° ± 0.61°; the random setup errors were 0.80°, 1.05°, and 0.61° for pitch, roll, and yaw, respectively. Analysis of CBCT images showed that 56.0%, 14.7%, and 1.3% of treated fractions had rotational errors of >1°, >2°, and >3°, respectively, in any one of the rotational axes. Rotational simulations demonstrated that the reduction of gross tumor volume (GTV) coverage was Conclusion Actual rotational setup errors in SBRT for liver tumors are relatively small in magnitude and are unlikely to affect GTV coverage significantly. Translational corrections can be optimized to compensate for rotational setup errors. However, caution regarding possible dose increases to OAR needs to be exercised.
Factors influencing the synthesis of penicillinase by Micrococcus pyogenes.

Abstract Some of the factors influencing synthesis of penicillinase by M. pyogenes are described. Adaptive formation of the enzyme by this organism was not observed under conditions permitting adaptive formation by Bacillus cereus . Penicillinase activity of cells harvested from various media varies considerably suggesting the possibility that certain agents may suppress enzyme formation.