cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mining Preferred Traversal Paths with HITS

Web usage mining can discover useful information hidden in web logs data. However, many previous algorithms do not consider the structure of web pages, but regard all web pages with the same importance. This paper utilizes HITS values and PNT preferences as measures to mine users' preferred traversal paths. We structure mining uses HITS (hypertext induced topic selection) to rank web pages. PNT (preferred navigation tree) is an algorithm that finds users' preferred navigation paths. This paper introduces the Preferred Navigation Tree with HITS (PNTH) algorithm, which is an extension of PNT. This algorithm uses the concept of PNT and takes into account the relationships among web pages using HITS algorithm. This algorithm is suitable for E-commerce applications such as improving web site design and web server performance.
Issues in Linking Instructional-Improvement Research to Faculty Development in Higher Education

Instructional-improvement linkage to development has been a concern at all institutions of higher learning for many years. However, formal research on the effectiveness of programs designed to work with faculty in the improvement process has been scarce. In order to answer the question of why so little research has been done, the characteristics of various programs are described and discussed leading to general recommendations of what are the necessary elements of effective faculty development programs.
Mizrahi Subalternity and the State of Israel

This essay proposes a new approach to Mizrahi literature by re-examining the socioconceptual relation between Mizrahi subalternity and the state of Israel. Examining the recent post-Zionist/postcolonial criticism, I argue that its literary categories and social analysis conceive of the Mizrahi only through the medium and form of the state and only in so far as its ‘culture’ procures it with an alternative content for Israeli Eurocentric nationalism. Such a ‘statist’ and national articulation of the Mizrahi, critical as it might be, confuses the conditions of Mizrahi cultural identity and legitimate speech whose site is civil society with the conditions of subalternity produced in the Israeli social formation as a whole, and thus ends up misconceiving the Mizrahi subaltern and its literary appearance. Since Mizrahi subalternity emerges in social and discursive fields that cannot be rendered in such a ‘statist’ language, it thus holds alternative knowledge and forms that both reveal the conceptual limits of...
Training experts in the fundamentals: an experience in providing software engineers with the basics of software process improvement

This tutorial presents an in-house software engineering training program used within a software development organization at a large, national, U.S research laboratory. The program is designed to train experienced software engineers in the requirements and methodology of a software process improvement program being implemented within the software development organization. The software process improvement program being implemented utilizes the framework of the Capability Maturity Model, developed by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University.
Exceptional Θ-Correspondences I

Let G be either a split SO(2n+2), or a split adjoint group of type En, (n=6,7,8), over a p-adic field. In this article we study correspondences arising by restricting the minimal representation of G to various dual pairs in G.
Place for Personhood: Individual and Local Character in Lifestyle Migration

While drawing on literature of narrative interpretations of the construction of self and place-based, embodied identity, this article will explore the impact of invasive market forces on intertwined processes of person, self, and place-making. It considers how resources for these projects have changed in the face of translocal market forces and neoliberal ideals. Despite numerous proclamations of an essential placelessness to contemporary American society, place continues to be a basic part of the construction of the person. In fact, a variety of place-making practices are increasingly pursued as ways of negotiating tension between personal experience with material demands in pursuit of a livelihood in the “flexible,” post-industrial economy and prevailing cultural conventions for the good life. These personal acts become the basis for defining self-identity within sustainable, moral narratives among lifestyle migrants. This article discusses how a sense of place, understood as manifest in personal attachment to real and imagined elements of particularity in place, which individuals understand as “local character,” may support people in their ability to form lasting autobiographical accounts, expressions of individual “character” critical to personhood. Examining the notion of “property for personhood,” particularly with reference to the category of “home,” this article offers a way of interpreting meaningful connections or attachments between the character of local place and individual character in the conduct of everyday life.
Outflow Angles and Bulk Lorentz Factors for Different Categories of AGN

Relativistic outflows from AGN can be parameterized by θ, the angle subtended by the direction of the outflow and the line of sight to the observer, and γ, the bulk Lorentz factor of the outflow. The Doppler factor, δ, and the apparent speed in the plane of the sky, β app , are combinations of θ and γ. The Doppler factor can be estimated using either the equipartition Doppler factor, δ eq (Readhead 1994), or the inverse Compton Doppler factor, δ IC . These Doppler factor estimates are combined with observed β app to solve for θ and γ for different categories of AGN. Ghisellini et al. (1993) compute δ IC for 105 compact radio sources, and Guijosa & Daly (1996) compute δ eq for the same sample. Daly, Guerra, & Guijosa (1996) estimate θ and γ for the 43 sources that have β app listed by Vermeulen & Cohen (1994) and δ eq computed by Guijosa & Daly (1996). Solutions and errors for θ and γ are presented in Figures 1 and 2 using δ eq and δ IC respectively. Guerra & Daly (1996) discuss these estimates and errors in greater detail. These AGN fall into the following categories: BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), core-dominated high-polarization quasars (CDHPQ), core-dominated low-polarization quasars (CDLPQ), core-dominated quasars with no polarization information (CDQ(NPI)), lobe-dominated quasars (LDQ), and radio galaxies (RG).
Lysine biosynthesis in selected pathogenic fungi: characterization of lysine auxotrophs and the cloned LYS1 gene of Candida albicans.

The alpha-aminoadipate pathway for the biosynthesis of lysine is present only in fungi and euglena. Until now, this unique metabolic pathway has never been investigated in the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Five of the eight enzymes (homocitrate synthase, homoisocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-aminoadipate reductase, saccharopine reductase, and saccharopine dehydrogenase) of the alpha-aminoadipate pathway and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a glycolytic enzyme used as a control, were demonstrated in wild-type cells of these organisms. All enzymes were present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the pathogenic organisms except C. neoformans 32608 serotype C, which exhibited no saccharopine reductase activity. The levels of enzyme activity varied considerably from strain to strain. Variation among organisms was also observed for the control enzyme. Among the pathogens, C. albicans exhibited much higher homocitrate synthase, homoisocitrate dehydrogenase, and alpha-aminoadipate reductase activities. Seven lysine auxotrophs of C. albicans and one of Candida tropicalis were characterized biochemically to determine the biochemical blocks and gene-enzyme relationships. Growth responses to alpha-aminoadipate- and lysine-supplemented media, accumulation of alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, and the lack of enzyme activity revealed that five of the mutants (WA104, WA153, WC7-1-3, WD1-31-2, and A5155) were blocked at the alpha-aminoadipate reductase step, two (STN57 and WD1-3-6) were blocked at the saccharopine dehydrogenase step, and the C. tropicalis mutant (X-16) was blocked at the saccharopine reductase step. The cloned LYS1 gene of C. albicans in the recombinant plasmid YpB1078 complemented saccharopine dehydrogenase (lys1) mutants of S. cerevisiae and C. albicans. The Lys1+ transformed strains exhibited significant saccharopine dehydrogenase activity in comparison with untransformed mutants. The cloned LYS1 gene has been localized on a 1.8-kb HindIII DNA insert of the recombinant plasmid YpB1041RG1. These results established the gene-enzyme relationship in the second half of the alpha-aminoadipate pathway. The presence of this unique pathway in the pathogenic fungi could be useful for their rapid detection and control. Images
Phosphorylation of brain sodium channels in the I--II linker modulates channel function in Xenopus oocytes

Voltage-gated sodium channels, which initiate action potentials in mammalian brain neurons, are modulated functionally by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), resulting in reduced sodium current amplitude. Comparing brain and muscle sodium channels, we show that only the brain channel is modulated by PKA. The brain sodium channel I-II linker is both necessary and sufficient for PKA modulation, as shown by exchanging the I-II linker regions of the two channels. PKA consensus sites in the brain channel I-II linker were eliminated by deletion and site-specific mutagenesis. The mutant channels demonstrated decreased levels of phosphorylation when metabolically labeled in oocytes with [gamma-32P]-ATP, and they did not respond with a reduction in current magnitude after PKA induction. Modulation of the brain channel by PKA phosphorylation was mimicked by adding fixed negative charges at the PKA consensus sites, suggesting that the decrease in current was a direct result of the negative charge at one or more of the PKA sites in the I-II linker.
Microscale High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and the Evolution of Capillary Electrochromatography

Miniaturization is a general trend in analytical chemistry. In the field of separation science, this trend has led to the development of microscale techniques based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrophoresis. Two such techniques, microscale high-performance liquid chromatography (or micro LC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are the subjects of this article. Micro LC is a general term that encompasses HPLC separations in which the column diameter is less than 1.0 mm. CEC is a hybrid of micro LC and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Relative to the conventional scale technique, micro LC possesses several advantages, namely higher efficiency, often shorter analysis times, reduced solvent consumption and higher mass sensitivity. Micro LC is uniquely suited for analysis of very small sample volumes (e.g. biological cells). It is this type of analysis, a formidable challenge, which has propelled the technique's continued development. CEC most commonly employs conventional HPLC particles packed into fused silica capillary columns. A potential gradient is applied along the capillary; the resulting electro-osmotic flow (EOF) then propels the mobile phase (and analytes) through the column. In CEC, the electric field (generated by a power supply) takes the place of pressure (generated by a pump) in an HPLC separation. One of the most important advantages of CEC relative to micro LC or CE is enhanced resolution. High resolution in CEC arises from the combination of high separation efficiency and selectivity inherent in the technique. CEC, however, is a relatively new technique and its ability to become a “workhorse” in the laboratory has not yet been demonstrated.
Simplified synthesis of micropore-free mesoporous silica, SBA-15, under microwave-hydrothermal conditions

Synthesis of micropore-free hydrothermally stable mesoporous silica SBA-15 has been accomplished by templating a silica precursor (sodium silicate/tetraethylorthosilicate) with pluronic123 copolymer (EO20PO70EO20; M.W. 5,800) in the presence of cosolvent (ethanol) using a minimum salt (sodium chloride) content, under microwave-hydrothermal conditions at 373 K in 120 mins.
Characterization of acylphosphatidylglycerols from Salmonella typhimurium by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization.

Acylphosphatidylglycerol (Acyl-PG), a polar lipid class containing three fatty acyl groups, was isolated from Salmonella bacteria and characterized by tandem quadrupole and quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometric methods with electrospray ionization. The structural characterization of the acyl-PG with various acyl groups (A-B/C-PG, where A≠B≠C) is based on the findings that the carboxylate anions (RxCO 2 − ) arising from sn-2 (R2CO2/−) is more abundant than that arising from sn-3′ (R3′CO 2 − ), which is much more abundant than that arising from sn-1 (R1CO2/−). This information provides a simple method for determination of the fatty acyl moieties and their positions in the molecule. The structural identification of the molecule can also be achieved by the findings that the fragment ion reflecting the ketene loss at sn-2 is more prominent than that reflecting the acid loss (i. e. , [M−H - R′2CH=CO]−>[M−H - R2CO2H]−), while the ion arising from acid loss at sn-1 or sn-3′ is, respectively, more abundant than the corresponding ketene loss (i. e. , [M−H -R1CO2H]−>[M−H - R′1CH=CO]−; [M−H - R3′CO2H]−>[M−H -R′3′CH=CO]−). The identity of the acyl moiety at sn-3′ can be confirmed by an acyl-glycerophosphate anion observed in the product-ion spectrum obtained with a triple-stage quadrupole (TSQ) instrument, but not in that obtained with an ion-trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). However, the MS2-spectrum obtained with an ITMS is featured by the ion series that abundances of [M−H -R′2CH=CO - R3CO2H - 74]−>[M−H - R′2CH=CO - R1CO2H - 74]−≫[M−H -R′1(or 3′)CH=CO - R3′(or 1)CO2H - 74]−. This information also facilitates structural elucidation of the acyl-PG subclass that contains various acyl substituents. Structural identifications of molecular species having two identical fatty acyl substituents at sn-1, sn-2, or sn-3′ or consisting of more than one isomeric structures are also demonstrated. The identities of the minor isomeric species in the molecules can be revealed by the aforementioned structural information arising from the various ion series combined.
Effects of Obesity on Seat Belt Fit

Introduction: Obesity has been shown to increase the risks of some types of injury in crashes. One way in which obesity may increase injury risk is by changing the routing of the belt relative to the underlying skeletal structures. Methods: Belt fit was measured in a laboratory study of 54 men and women, 48 percent of whom were obese, defined by body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater. Test conditions included a wide range of upper and lower belt anchorage locations and ranges of seat height, seat cushion angle, and seat back angle spanning the conditions in a large fraction of front and rear seats in passenger cars and light trucks. In some conditions, foot position was restricted to simulate the typical situation in the second row of a small sedan. Results: Across individuals, an increase in BMI of 10 kg/m2 was associated with a lap belt positioned 43 mm further forward and 21 mm higher relative to the anterior–superior iliac spines of the pelvis. Each 10 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a...
Superconducting instability in a non-Fermi liquid scaling approach

Abstract The superconducting instability in a non-Fermi liquid in dimensions d > 1 is considered. For a particular form of the single particle spectral function with homogeneous scaling A(λk, λ ω) = λα A(k, ω) it is shown that the pair susceptibility is also a scaling function of temperature with power defined by α. We find three different regimes depending on the scaling constant. Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer result is recovered for α = − 1 and it corresponds to a marginal scaling of the coupling constant. For α > − 1 the superconducting transition happens above some critical coupling. In the opposite case of α < − 1 for any fixed coupling the system undergoes a transition at low temperatures. Possible implications for theories of high-T c with a superconducting transition driven by interlayer Josephson tunnelling are discussed.
Biomimetic and Microbial Reduction of Nitric Oxide

The biomimetic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N2O) by dithiothreitol in the presence of cyanocobalamin and cobaltcentered porphyrins has been investigated. Reactions were monitored directly using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy vapor-phase spectra. Reaction rates were twofold faster for the corrin than for the cobalt-centered porphyrins. The stoichiometry showed the loss of two molecules of NO per molecule of N2O produced.
THE DAMAGE CONTROL SEQUENCE AND UNDERLYING LOGIC

THE CHANGING SCOPE OF INJURY The damage control approach was born out of a need to meet the challenge of the changing scope and severity of injury in America in the last 10 years. With the rising tide of violence in the streets and the easy accessibility of semiautomatic handguns came the inevitable increase in admissions of severely injured patients to trauma centers. During the previous 20 years, civilian gunshot wound victims were most frequently injured with single-shot revolvers of low muzzle velocity. However, the modern era of violence has been heralded by an onslaught of injury from multiple penetrations with altered ammunition, delivered at a greater muzzle velocity.51 This subjective observation, held by many practicing trauma surgeons in the late 1980s, was verified in a landmark report by McG~nigal;~ which described a significant increase in homicides in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, between 1985 and 1990, referable to a significant increase in semiautomatic weapons. Moreover, a review of 551 gunshot wound victims admitted to the Trauma Center at the University of Pennsylvania between June, 1992, and August, 1993, revealed an average of 2.7 penetrations per patient, a large number of which resulted from semiautomatic weapons.'j7 As expected, an increase has been seen in the number of patients with exsanguination and physiologic instability, correlating with the shift in wounding patterns and the increase in tissue destruction. During that time and to the present, injuries as a result of blunt
A computer-controlled conformal radiotherapy system. II: Sequence processor.

PURPOSE: A sequence processor (SP) is described as part of a larger computer-controlled conformal radiotherapy system (CCRS). The SP provides the means to accept and then translate highly sophisticated radiation therapy treatment plans into vendor specific instructions to control treatment delivery on a computer-controlled treatment machine. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The sequence processor (SP) is a small workstation computer that interfaces to the control computer of computer-controlled treatment machines, and to other parts of the larger CCRS system. The system reported here has been interfaced to a computer-controlled racetrack microtron with two treatment gantries, and also to other linear accelerator treatment machines equipped with multileaf collimators. An extensive design process has been used in defining the role of the SP within the context of the larger CCRS project. Flexibility and integration with various components of the project, including databases, treatment planning system, graphical simulator, were key factors in the development. In conjunction with the planned set of treatment fields, a procedural scripting language is used to define the sequence of treatment events that are performed, including operator interactions, communications to other systems such as dosimetry and portal imaging devices, and database management. RESULTS: A flexible system has been developed to allow investigation into procedural steps required for simulating and delivering complex radiation treatments. The system has been used to automate portions of the acceptance testing for the control system of the microtron, and is used for routine daily quality assurance testing. The sequence processor system described here has been used to deliver all clinical treatments performed on the microtron system in 2 years of clinical treatment (more than 200 patients treated to a variety of treatment sites). CONCLUSIONS: The sequence processor system has enabled the delivery of complex treatment using computer-controlled treatment machines. The flexibility of the system allows integration with secondary devices and modification of procedural steps, making it possible to develop effective techniques for insuring safe and efficient computer-controlled conformal radiation therapy treatments.
Protein side-chain dynamics observed by solution- and solid-state NMR : Comparative analysis of methyl 2H relaxation data

Rapid advances in solid-state MAS NMR made it possible to probe protein dynamics on a per-residue basis, similar to solution experiments. In this work we compare methyl 2H relaxation rates measured in the solid and liquid samples of α-spectrin SH3 domain. The solution data are treated using a model-free approach to separate the contributions from the overall molecular tumbling and fast internal motion. The latter part forms the basis for comparison with the solid-state data. Although the accuracy of solid-state measurements is limited by deuterium spin diffusion, the results suggest a significant similarity between methyl dynamics in the two samples. This is a potentially important observation, preparing the ground for combined analysis of the dynamics data by solid- and solution-state NMR.
Failure of apology in American politics: Nixon on Watergate

This article is concerned with the way apologetics aids politicians in maintaining their authority. Using political systems theory, it focuses upon the three types of legitimacies of a political office holder: structural, ideological, and personal. Application of this theory is made to Nixon's 1973 Watergate apologies in an attempt to discover why, in that instance, apology failed.
Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) Coatings: An Investigation of the Processing-Microstructure-Performance Relationship

Evaluating and understanding the relationship between processing, microstructure and performance of a dielectric coating is essential for its practical usage and reliable application. In this study, the role of the powder feedstock on the properties of atmospheric plasma sprayed forsterite (Mg2SiO4) dielectric coatings was investigated by using different forsterite powder granulometries. The microstructural and porosity characteristics of the coatings associated with the spray conditions employed were assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis. The phase composition of the coatings was studied via x-ray diffraction and their crystallinity index determined. The electrical insulating characteristics were investigated using the dielectric breakdown test and impedance spectroscopy measurements. The electrical properties obtained were correlated with the microstructural characteristics and a performance comparison between forsterite and other dielectric coatings is presented.
Psychosocial interventions in the early phases of disasters.

Interest in the emerging field ofdisaster psychology has significantlyincreased after such events as theOklahoma City bombing and theSeptember 11th (2001) terrorist attacks.Consequently, a massive response hasensued from clinicians seeking toprovide mental health services todisaster victims, highlighting the needto ensure timely and clinically effectiveservice provision. The present article isdirected toward clinicians and traineesinterested in learning more about thedisaster mental health field. It describesthe impact of disasters on communitiesand individuals and the most commonlyemployed interventions. The authorsemphasize the distinction between thefields of disaster psychology andtraumatology and stress that expertisein treating trauma-related disorders isnot sufficient preparation forconducting psychosocial disasterintervention. Finally, information isprovided on how to obtain adequatetraining and experience as a disastermental health professional.
Phenylalanine and Arginine Adsorption in Zeolites X, Y, and β

This paper documents a continuation of work published in Langmuir 2005, 21, 8743−8750. We report new aspects of this amino acid adsorption study, including the effect of changing zeolite framework type and results from adsorption of mixed amino acids. In single-amino-acid adsorption experiments, zeolite Y (Si/Al = 2.5) was found to adsorb no phenylalanine while admitting arginine to a similar extent as observed with zeolite β. Using this zeolite Y, we measured mixed-amino-acid separation selectivities for arginine/phenylalanine as large as 25 000 or 2 orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding selectivities measured with zeolite β.
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Quetiapine as Adjunctive Treatment for Adolescent Mania

ABSTRACT Objective: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in combination with divalproex (DVP) for acute mania in adolescents with bipolar disorder. It was hypothesized that DVP in combination with quetiapine would be more effective than DVP alone for treating mania associated with adolescent bipolar disorder. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that quetiapine would be well tolerated. Method: Thirty manic or mixed bipolar I adolescents (12–18 years) received an initial DVP dose of 20 mg/kg and were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of combination therapy with quetiapine, which was titrated to 450 mg/day ( n = 15) or placebo ( n = 15). Primary efficacy measures were change from baseline to endpoint in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score and YMRS response rate. Safety and tolerability were assessed weekly. Results: The DVP + quetiapine group demonstrated a statistically significantly greater reduction in YMRS scores from baseline to endpoint than the DVP + placebo group ( F 1,27 = 5.04, p = .03). Moreover, YMRS response rate was significantly greater in the DVP + quetiapine group than in the DVP + placebo group (87% versus 53%; Fisher exact test, p = .05). No significant group differences from baseline to endpoint in safety measures were noted. Sedation, rated as mild or moderate, was significantly more common in the DVP + quetiapine group than in the DVP + placebo group. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that quetiapine in combination with DVP is more effective for the treatment of adolescent bipolar mania than DVP alone. In addition, the results suggest that quetiapine is well tolerated when used in combination with DVP for the treatment of mania.
A survey on still image based human action recognition

Abstract Recently still image-based human action recognition has become an active research topic in computer vision and pattern recognition. It focuses on identifying a person׳s action or behavior from a single image. Unlike the traditional action recognition approaches where videos or image sequences are used, a still image contains no temporal information for action characterization. Thus the prevailing spatiotemporal features for video-based action analysis are not appropriate for still image-based action recognition. It is more challenging to perform still image-based action recognition than the video-based one, given the limited source of information as well as the cluttered background for images collected from the Internet. On the other hand, a large number of still images exist over the Internet. Therefore it is demanding to develop robust and efficient methods for still image-based action recognition to understand the web images better for image retrieval or search. Based on the emerging research in recent years, it is time to review the existing approaches to still image-based action recognition and inspire more efforts to advance the field of research. We present a detailed overview of the state-of-the-art methods for still image-based action recognition, and categorize and describe various high-level cues and low-level features for action analysis in still images. All related databases are introduced with details. Finally, we give our views and thoughts for future research.
The use of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus reassortants to map viral genes causing virulence

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is the prototypic arenavirus. The genome consists of two single strand RNA species, L and S, with approximate molecular weight of 2.85 x 106 and 1.35 x 106, respectively [1]. Several individual strains of LCMV can be distinguished by biochemical and immunological studies. In addition, variation in the pathogenicity among LCMV strains has been reported [2, 3]. For example, C3H newborn mice inoculated with LCMV Armstrong (Arm) develop growth retardation and disordered glucose metabolism secondary to growth hormone deficiency, but infection with LCMV WE strain has no effect on growth development or blood sugar levels [4]. Adult guinea pigs resist infection when inoculated with the Arm strain but succumb when challenged with the WE strain [2, 3]. Since the genome of LCMV is segmented it is possible to generate reassortants between two different strains. We have recently obtained and characterized intertypic reassortants between the Arm and WE and the Arm and Traub strains of LCMV. Using such reassortants, monoclonal antibodies specific for the nucleoprotein (NP) and the glycoproteins (GP-1 and GP-2) of Arm and WE, and specific cDNA probes of LCMV-Arm, we have demonstrated that the small RNA segment of LCMV codes for the three major structural polypeptides [5]. Utilizing reassortant and both parental strains of virus we have shown that the perturbation of growth hormone synthesis in C3H/St mice maps to the S RNA of LCMVArm [6, Table 1] and that the L RNA of LCMV WE is important for virus replication in vivo and is associated with fatal acute disease following infection of adult guinea pigs [7, Table 1]. Both of these disease states occur independently of anti-LCMV immune responses [4, 6, 7]. Other experiments, not discussed here, show that the induction and activity of virus-specific H-2-restricted cytotoxie T lymphocytes is associated only with LCMV gene products encoded by the S RNA segment [8]. Recently we noted that LCMV reassortants with the WE/Arm or the Traub/Arm genotype caused a lethal disease following neonatal inoculation of BALB/c mice while, in contrast, parental strains or reciprocal reassortants did not. The pathogenesis of the disease which is characterized by inhibition of growth and death, is the presumed generation of interferon, causing liver necrosis. Disease and liver necrosis were prevented by the administration of a potent sheep-globulin against mouse ~ +/3 interferon (Table
Axisymmetric buckling of a compressed cylindrical shell and an integral relation.

1 Hayes, W. D. and Probstein, R. F.} Hypersonic Flow Theory (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1959), pp. 333-389. 2 Nagamatsu, H. T. and Li, T. Y., "Hypersonic viscous flow near the leading edge of a flat plate," Phys. Fluids 3, 140-141 (1960). 3 Oguchi, H., "The sharp leading edge problem in hypersonic flow/' Rarefied Gas Dynamics (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1961), suppl. 1, pp. 501-524. 4 Probstein, R. F. and Pan, Y. S., "Shock structure and the leading edge problem," Rarefied Gas Dynamics (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1963), suppl. 2, Vol. II, pp. 192-211. 5 Garvine, R. W., "On hypersonic viscous flow near a sharp lead-edge," Princeton Univ., Dept. Aerospace and Mech. Sci. Rept. 755(1965). 6 Nagamatsu, H. T. and Sheer, R. E., Jr., "Hypersonic shock wave-boundary layer interaction and leading edge slip," ARS J. 30,454-462(1960). 7 Nagamatsu, H. T., Sheer, R. T., Jr., and Weil, J. A., "Rarefied high temperature, ultrahigh Mach number slip flow over a sharp flat plate," Dynamics of Manned Lifting Planetary Entry (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1963), p. 896. 8 Wallace, J. E. and Burke, A. F., "An experimental study of surface and flow field effects in hypersonic, low density over a flat plate," Fourth International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (to be published). 9 Chuan, R. L. and Waiter, S. A., "Experimental study of hypersonic rarefied flow near the leading edge of a thin flat plate," Rarefied Gas Dynamics (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1963), suppl. 2, Vol. II, pp. 328-342. 10 Vas, I. E. and Koppenwallner, G., "The Princeton University high pressure hypersonic nitrogen tunnel Af-3," Princeton Univ., Dept. Aerospace and Mechanical Sciences Rept. 690 (1964). 11 Cheng, H. K., Hall, J. G., Golian, T. C., and Hertzberg, A., "Boundary layer displacement and leading edge bluntness effects in high temperature hypersonic flow," J. Aerospace Sci. 28, 353381 (1961). 12 Stewartson, K., "On the motion of a flat plate at high speed in a viscous compressible fluid—II. Steady motion," J. Aeronaut. Sci. 22, 303-309 (1955). Axisymmetric Buckling of a Compressed Cylindrical Shell and an Integral Relation
Newly generated dentate granule cells from epileptic rats exhibit elongated hilar basal dendrites that align along GFAP-immunolabeled processes

Previous studies showed that neurogenesis occurs in the dentate gyrus of the adult rodent. Recent evidence suggests that the resulting newly born neurons integrate into pre-existing hippocampal circuitry. Newly born neurons in the developing and adult dentate gyrus exhibit a transient basal dendrite. In adult pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats, basal dendrites persist and are ectopically located in the hilus where they receive synaptic input from mossy fiber axons. We hypothesize that these hilar basal dendrites are derived from newly born neurons that are born after the pilocarpine-induced seizures. To test this hypothesis, the length of basal dendrites from epileptic rats was compared with that from control rats using doublecortin immunocytochemistry, which labels newly born neurons and their processes for up to 3 weeks after their genesis. The data on hilar basal dendrites in pilocarpine animals indicate that those from newly born neurons are significantly longer than those found in the control rats. We also demonstrate that 20% of newly born neurons in the epileptic rat have a basal dendrite that enters the hilus at an angle greater than 30° from its cell body as compared with <2% in the control rats. Lastly, we provide evidence that the hilar basal dendrites in the epileptic rats are adjacent to glial fibrillary acidic protein-labeled astrocytic processes in the hilus and suggest that an ectopic glial scaffold in the hilus is involved with the formation of hilar basal dendrites. In conclusion, the data show that newly born neurons from epileptic rats have longer hilar basal dendrites and their formation might relate to gliosis which occurs as a result of hilar neuronal cell loss after status epilepticus.
Treatment Program Progress

In this study, the authors evaluated the psychometric properties of the Treatment Program Progress (TPP) rating scale, a brief instrument that assesses counselor ratings of patient response to 12-step–oriented substance abuse treatment interventions. In both 3- and 5-day-per-week outpatient programs, the TPP bad good internal consistency reliability. However the TPP demonstrated good interrater reliability and strong predictive validity only in the 5-day program. These preliminary results suggest that the TPP may be used to identify outpatients who are at heightened risk for early dropout, but only when raters have frequent opportunities to observe the patients (i.e., more than 3 times per week).
An Ultra-Short Pulsed Neutron Source

At the Texas Petawatt laser facility we developed a novel ultra-short pulsed laser-driven neutron source generating an unprecedented output flux. Our results show a dramatic onset of high-energy electron generation from petawatt laser-irradiated plastic targets for targets thinner than a few microns. In this regime, the copious amounts of multi-MeV electrons emitted from the target are utilized to generate photo-neutrons from a metal converter. The neutrons are generated with a <50 ps pulse duration and a flux of 1018 n/cm2/s, exceeding any other pulsed or CW neutron source. I will discuss the prospects of ultrafast neutron science and particularly its application in Fast Neutron Resonance Radiography.
Schwarz-Christoffel transformation applied to steady-state ground-coupling problems

Abstract The Schwarz-Christoffel transformation is used to find closed form solutions of two-dimensional steady-state temperature distributions around uninsulated slab-on-grade and rectangular basement geometries. The distribution of the heat flux is also determined. Superposition is used to investigate the behavior of adjacent slabs at different temperatures, such as a house and attached garage, and the influence of a fixed-temperature water table below a basement is examined. Temperature and flux distributions are shown for several cases.
Biophysical characterization of macrophage migration enhancement factor (MEF)

Macrophage migration enhancement factor (MEF), a lymphokine produced in the spleen by suppressor-like lymphoid cells, may be an important immunoregulatory molecule of macrophage function. MEF appears to be a potent positive chemokinetic factor and is unusual in that it lacks chemotactic activity. To aid in the development of a purification scheme for MEF we have employed biophysical characterization techniques to define its physical properties. Using the technique of velocity sedimentation in isokinetic sucrose gradients, the S20w for MEF was determined to be 2.25. The Stoke's radius for MEF was determined by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration to be 28.9 A. From these measurements the D20w was calculated to be 7.55 x 10(-7) cm2/sec, the mol. wt was calculated to be 28,000, the frictional ratio (f/f0) was calculated to be 1.45, the axial ratio was calculated to be 1:8, and the dimensions of the molecule were estimated to be 20 x 160 A. Using the technique of isoelectric focusing in liquid density gradients, the isoelectric point for MEF was estimated to be 8.8. We have also determined by enzyme treatment that MEF is resistant to DNase and RNase and susceptible to proteinase K and L-fucosidase. In addition, MEF partitioned to the aqueous phase during methanol-chloroform extraction procedures. MEF was inactivated at pH 12; at 100 degrees C MEF was stable for 10 min but was inactive after 1 hr. Collectively, these data will facilitate the development of a purification scheme for MEF which will ultimately permit the analysis of the molecule and its function.
A study of precipitation in interstitial alloys—IV. The precipitation sequence in Pt-C

Abstract A systematic transmission electron microscopy study of the entire carbide precipitate nucleation and growth process in quenched, aged platinum has been made. Five distinct stages have been identified in the growth sequence, four coincide with changes in the Burgers and displacement vectors and the fifth in the configuration of the precipitates. Diffraction contrast analysis has shown that all the precipitate platelets lie in {001} matrix planes, are vacancy in character and are semi-coherent. Precipitates form initially by co-precipitation of vacancies and carbon atoms and the growth sequence follows a ripening type process. At intermediate aging temperatures voids become the preferred growth sites presumably acting as vacancy sources. Various aspects of the precipitation reaction have been explained from the standpoint of the role of vacancies (V), and the system can be treated either as a Pt-C binary or a Pt-C-V ternary alloy.
Identifying named entities from PubMed® for enriching semantic categories

Controlled vocabularies such as the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS®) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH®) are widely used for biomedical natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the standard terminology in such collections suffers from low usage in biomedical literature, e.g. only 13% of UMLS terms appear in MEDLINE®. We here propose an efficient and effective method for extracting noun phrases for biomedical semantic categories. The proposed approach utilizes simple linguistic patterns to select candidate noun phrases based on headwords, and a machine learning classifier is used to filter out noisy phrases. For experiments, three NLP rules were tested and manually evaluated by three annotators. Our approaches showed over 93% precision on average for the headwords, “gene”, “protein”, “disease”, “cell” and “cells”. Although biomedical terms in knowledge-rich resources may define semantic categories, variations of the controlled terms in literature are still difficult to identify. The method proposed here is an effort to narrow the gap between controlled vocabularies and the entities used in text. Our extraction method cannot completely eliminate manual evaluation, however a simple and automated solution with high precision performance provides a convenient way for enriching semantic categories by incorporating terms obtained from the literature.
Morphological characterization of reaction injection moulded (RIM) polyester-based polyurethanes

Abstract Characterization studies of reaction injection moulded (RIM) processed (in-situ polymerized) polyester-based segmented thermoplastic polyurethane have been performed utilizing various morphological techniques. The fast and exothermic urethane polymerization results in large temperature gradients in the mould which influence molecular weight and morphological structures. The present work is conducted to draw relationships between sample morphology and the processing conditions utilized to form the polymer.
BER analysis of low-rate communications through a single electro-optic R2 nonlinear regenerator

Recently, the benefits of electro-optic nonlinear untimed regeneration (R2) for bit-rate transparent lightwave OOK systems have been expounded. Here, we compare R1 (linear amplification), R2, and R3 (optimal DEMOD/MOD) in the presence of average white Gaussian noise (AWGN). We provide an approximate analysis and explain the difficulties in obtaining an exact solution.
Experimental investigation of three-dimensional interconnect processing wafers

The use and enhancement of a semi-automated wafer characterization tool, a dual channel capacitive sensor module, is demonstrated by implementing a new measurement algorithm for metallization process control. This tool is capable of measuring the deposited metal film thickness induced bow and warpage in a full wafer surface scan. The nondestructive solution can measure Cu metal film thickness with a total measurement uncertainty of 0.18 μm (1σ). The stress conversion map can be obtained based on the modified Stoney's formula and the capacitance-displacement technique. A wafer thinning process was also performed to characterize the warpage/bow of 8-in. wafers, which continues to increase as wafer thicknesses are reduced from 725 to 300 μm. There was a linear relationship between the wafer warpage and bow and the square of the inverse of the thickness. Metrology results from actual 3-D interconnect processing wafers are presented.
Overview and status of the Next Generation Lithography Mask Center of Competency

Next Generation Lithography (NGL) technologies require masks that are significantly different from each other and from conventional photomasks but possess many similarities and processing challenges. The Next Generation Lithography Mask Center of Competency (NGL-MCOC) was formed to identify these process issues and potential areas for commonality and eventually provide a commercialization path for NGL masks. The NGL-MCOC consists of a partnership between Photronics and IBM. The IBM advanced mask facility is applying the technology developed for x-ray masks to other NGL technologies, and Photronics is supplying the organization and eventual commercialization of the technology. To broadly address NGL mask issues, the NGL-MCOC has collaborated with the NGL industry champions. Mask blanks have been written for SCALPEL./eLith, EUV-LLC, and Infineon/IPL. By utilizing common patterns and as much common processing as possible, rapid process development and efficient comparison of the mask issues with the different NGL technologies is quickly achieved. In addition, the NGL-MCOC has fabricated mask blanks for SCALPEL and stencil to evaluate new materials and process options.
An Empirical Analysis Identifying Resort Market Demands: Implications for the Human Resource Development of Employees

Abstract This article examines attributes deemed important by members of the baby boom generation for resort leisure travel through a multivariate technique known as factor analysis. The author illustrates the steps taken when conducting the technique, and discusses the advantages, as well as the pitfalls that can occur when employing the statistical method in an attempt to uncover market demands. By achieving simple structure, the study is successful in identifying resort amenity scales accounting for over 50 percent of the variance relating to boomer vacation expectations. Recommendations are made to assist resort managers in successfully capturing and retaining the boomer market.
Effects of a Psychosocial Couple-Based Prevention Program on Adverse Birth Outcomes

Although maternal stress and depression have been linked to adverse birth outcomes (ABOs), few studies have investigated preventive interventions targeting maternal mental health as a means of reducing ABOs. This randomized controlled study examines the impact of Family Foundations (FF)-a transition to parenthood program for couples focused on promoting coparenting quality, with previously documented impact on maternal stress and depression-on ABOs. We also examine whether intervention buffers birth outcomes from the negative effect of elevated salivary cortisol levels. We use intent-to-treat analyses to assess the main effects of the FF intervention on ABOs (prematurity, birth weight, pregnancy complications, Cesarean section, and days in hospital for mothers and infants) among 148 expectant mothers. We also test the interaction of cortisol with intervention condition status in predicting ABOs. FF participation was associated with reduced risk of C-section (OR .357, p < 0.05, 95 % CI 0.149, 0.862), but did not have main effects on other ABOs. FF significantly buffered (p < 0.05) the negative impact of maternal cortisol on birth weight, gestational age, and days in hospital for infants; that is, among women with relatively higher levels of prenatal cortisol, the intervention reduced ABOs. These results demonstrate that a psycho-educational program for couples reduces incidence of ABOs among higher risk women. Future work should test whether reduced maternal stress and depression mediate these intervention effects.
Dynamic pressurization: novel method for measuring fluid permeability

The permeability of an aerogel can be determined during the process of supercritical drying by measuring the dilatation of the body as the pressure in the autoclave is changed. When the pressure is reduced in the autoclave by venting the supercritical fluid, the higher pressure inside the aerogel causes it to expand; the strain relaxes as the fluid flows out of the gel. We present an analysis of the the kinetics of this volumetric strain and apply it to a silica aerogel. The linear strain of the gel was measured with an LVDT mounted inside the pressure vessel. The permeability was obtained over a range of pressure from about 8 MPa to ambient pressure, and was found to vary inversely with the pressure, as expected from the Klinkenberg model. The permeability obtained by extrapolation to infinite pressure agreed with the independently measured liquid permeability obtained by beam-bending.