cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating and Improving Student Opportunities in a First-year Learning Community: Lifelong Learning and Career Awareness

Faculty researchers at Western Michigan University (WMU) have developed a rubric to holistically evaluate first-year students' written responses to co-curricular and lifelong learning activities. This rubric draws on Bloom's learning taxonomy to measure incremental levels in investment, meaning, and use. The rubric lists basic recall of the activity in the lower end of the spectrum, while synthesis of the activity's message with one's future plans is part of the highest level. The goals of this assessment include: 1) Determining if career awareness and lifelong learning objectives have been met; 2) Using results of the assessment rubric to improve future learning community activities; 3) Using assessment of written assignments to provide guidelines to first-year students for participation in and response to the activities; and 4) Adding to an existing library of tools and rubrics used to assess student learning in professional areas, such as lifelong learning, communication, and career awareness (the WeBAL website at WMU's College of Engineering and Applied Sciences).
Combinatorial proofs of some Simons-type binomial coefficient identities.

In this note, we present combinatorial proofs of some Moriarty-type binomial coe! cient identities using linear and circular domino arrangements.
A Survey of Using Vocal Prosody to Convey Emotion in Robot Speech

The use of speech for robots to communicate with their human users has been facilitated by improvements in speech synthesis technology. Now that the intelligibility of synthetic speech has advanced to the point that speech synthesizers are a widely accepted and used technology, what are other aspects of speech synthesis that can be used to improve the quality of human-robot interaction? The communication of emotions through changes in vocal prosody is one way to make synthesized speech sound more natural. This article reviews the use of vocal prosody to convey emotions between humans, the use of vocal prosody by agents and avatars to convey emotions to their human users, and previous work within the human–robot interaction (HRI) community addressing the use of vocal prosody in robot speech. The goals of this article are (1) to highlight the ability and importance of using vocal prosody to convey emotions within robot speech and (2) to identify experimental design issues when using emotional robot speech in user studies.
Fully Renormalized Kinetic Theory of Thermal Fluctuations in Liquids

We describe a new method of analyzing dynamical properties of classical liquids. The method is developed in terms of phase-space time correlation functions which are calculated using a generalized kinetic equation. We develop exact and useful expressions for the kernel or memory function that appears in this kinetic equation. These exact expressions for the memory functions are written in terms of an effective two-body problem. We show how to develop an approximation scheme for evaluating this memory function and we explicitly make contact with the terms that give rise to the Boltzmann-Enskog collision integral, the ring terms associated with long-time tails and the mode-mode coupling terms associated with the divergence of transport coefficients near the critical point.
Hematologic findings in human beings given therapeutic doses of gallium-72.

The hematologic effects of Ga72 administered intravenously to patients with diffuse bony metastases or primary bone malignancy were studied. 1. The effects of this internally administered isotope were, in general, similar to those resulting from total-body external radiation. The degree of effect was greater than that anticipated from estimates of the total-body dose received from the isotope. Localization in the bone may have been responsible for this finding. 2. The depth and duration of platelet count depression probably represented the best indices of the degree of marrow damage after radiation, and may be indicative also of the total damage sustained by the marrow from previous exposure. 3. The effects of large doses of radiation on the marrow appeared to be cumulative to a point of no return, beyond which regeneration may not be possible. 4. It was found that a total white count below 1,000 and a platelet count below 25,000 could be tolerated for weeks without infection or gross bleeding and with ultimate recovery. Therapy because of these findings alone did not appear to be indicated.
Acute traumatic coagulopathy in a critically injured pediatric population: Definition, trend over time, and outcomes.

BACKGROUNDWhile our understanding of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) in adults is advancing, the pediatric literature on ATC is limited. Children have a unique injury profile and physiologic response to trauma; however, the impact of this phenomenon on ATC has not been fully elucidated.METHODSWe
Layerwise Automated Visual Inspection in Laser Powder-Bed Additive Manufacturing

Laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that enables fabrication of functional metal parts with near-net-shape geometries. The drawback to L-PBF is its lack of precision as well as the formation of defects due to process randomness and irregularities associated with laser powder fusion. Over the past two decades much research has been conducted to control laser powder fusion in order to provide parts of higher quality.This paper addresses online quality monitoring in AM by in-situ automated visual inspection of each layer which is aimed to geometric objects and defects from high-resolution visual images. A scheme for online defect detection system is presented that consists of three levels of processing: low-level, intermediate-level, and high-level processing. Each level is described and appropriately divided to several stages, when insightful. Techniques that are feasible in each level for successful defect detection and classification are identified and described. Requirements and specifications of the measurement data to achieve desired performance of the online defect detection system are stated.Image processing algorithms are developed for first level of processing and implemented for segmentation of geometric objects. Due to the large variation of intensities within the powder region and fused regions, and also the non-multi-modal nature of the image, the basic segmentation algorithms such as thresholding do not produce appropriate results. In this work, morphological operations are effectively designed and implemented following thresholding to achieve the desired object segmentation. Examples of implementations are given. The paper provides the results of object segmentation which is the initial stage of development of an in-situ automated visual inspection for L-PBF process.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Inhibition of Adenovirus Type 2 by Human and Monkey Interferon

SummaryHuman adenovirus type 2 was inhibited to a greater extent by monkey interferon than by human interferon in the cell culture systems used. In both assay systems, i.e., infectivity assays and immunofluorescent staining procedures, a single dose of monkey interferon reduced Ad 2 growth in Vero cell cultures 96-98%, while a 65-80 inhibition was observed with human interferon. The effect of interferon on the total population of infected cells was twofold. The number of cells showing positive fluorescence was reduced in addition to a reduction in the amount of capsid antigens in those cells demonstrating positive fluorescence. These studies suggest that at least certain serotypes of human adenoviruses are sensitive to interferon from animals other than their natural host.
Case 1: Recalcitrant Tachypnea in a 2-Month-Old Boy

1. Jennifer Fuchs, MD* 2. Shivani Pathak, MS* 3. Clifton Lee, MD* 4. H. Joel Schmidt, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA. A 2-month-old boy with bilateral hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction presents to the emergency department with severe tachypnea. The symptoms began suddenly after he vomited his prophylactic amoxicillin after 1 day of cough and congestion. He has no history of fever, diarrhea, or irritability. Birth history is unremarkable with normal growth and development to date. His temperature is 99.3°F (37.4°C), weight is 6.1 kg (70th percentile), length is 59 cm (40th percentile), head circumference is 40 cm (70th percentile), heart rate is 140 beats/minute, respiratory rate is 100 breaths/minute, blood pressure is 89/63 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation is 82%. His physical examination reveals moderate respiratory distress, head bobbing, and subcostal retractions with coarse breath sounds but no wheezing or crackles. The rest of his examination findings are unremarkable. Venous blood gas reveals pH 7.4 with Pco2 of 33 mm Hg, and complete blood cell count reveals a white blood cell count of 9000/μL (9 × 109/L), hemoglobin of 13.7 g/dL (137 g/L), and platelet …
Propagation of UV filaments

Our analytical studies on long pulse (ns) UV filaments show that they can propagate up to 2.5 km. Experimental results are presented that show their feasability for remote sensing applications.
Adapting Cervical Dysplasia Screening, Treatment and Prevention Approaches to Low Resource Settings

Cervical cancer is a common disorder worldwide. Screening and treatment paradigms in highly developed countries have dramatically decreased disease prevalence and the implementation of preventive vaccination a gainst high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes should decrease prevalence even further. Promising advances are also being made toward the development of a therapeutic vaccine for cervical neoplasia. Under resourced countries suffer from an inability to implement many of the approaches to prevention and diagnosis that have proved successful in coun
Lung transvascular fluid dynamics with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in unanesthetized lambs

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used for long-term support of patients with acute respiratory failure. We investigated the effect of partial venoarterial (VA) and venovenous (VV) bypass with filler-free silicone spiral-coil membrane lungs on steady-state lung transcapillary fluid filtration in six unanesthetized lambs for periods of 11 to 32 hours. Using three thoracotomies we prepared animals to collect lung lymph; lymph obtained in this way is representative of lung interstitial fluid. By studying lymph flow and composition we demonstrated that the permeability of the pulmonary capillaries does not change during prolonged partial VV or VA bypass with a membrane lung. There was no accumulation of lung water during bypass, and lung protein and fluid leak neither increased nor decreased with bypass flows equivalent to those used clinically. Thus prolonged use of ECMO in unanesthetized lambs appears to be neither harmful nor beneficial to the steady-state dynamics of fluid exchange in the lung. Furthermore, total pulmonary blood flow is not a determinant of net fluid filtration across the lung microcirculation.
Incidence of molds and mycotoxins in commercial animal feed mills in seven midwestern states, 1988-1989.

A total of 82 feed manufacturers located within seven midwestern states (Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan) participated in a survey of mold and mycotoxin contamination of corn. Samples were submitted from a composite of the grading samples taken from each incoming load of corn. The survey was initiated in July 1988. During the 12-mo period, moisture content of the corn samples upon receipt at the laboratory ranged from 10.5 to 13.3%. The greatest variation occurred in the springtime. Iowa's corn samples were driest (11.2%), and samples submitted from Ohio were wettest (12.8%). Mold counts averaged 2.63 x 10(4) per gram during the year. The predominant mold found was Fusarium sp. Samples were checked by black light and averaged 25.4% positive during the period. When assayed for mycotoxins, 19.5% of the samples were positive for at least one of the following: aflatoxin, zearalenone, T2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). Aflatoxin and T2 toxin made up the majority of these samples containing toxin. The highest incidence of mycotoxin-contaminated corn (48%) occurred in samples submitted in July of 1988. Over the 12-mo period, the highest mycotoxin contamination occurred in Iowa, Illinois and Michigan. When samples were subjected to 90% relative humidity and 32 degrees C, an average of 3.9 d was required for mold growth to appear. After incubation, 24.7% of the samples contained one of the four toxins. The data indicate that mold and mycotoxin contamination of mixed samples of corn is widespread, even in the midwestern corn belt of the U.S.
A human mosaic involving eye and hair color differences.

An individual mosaic for eye and hair color is described. Possibly the subject is heterozygous at a single locus with pleiotropic effects on both hair and eye color. It is proposed that a genetic change, most probably a point mutation, occurred in a prospective melanoblast during early development. Migration of the derivatives of this cell from the neural crest into the affected regions would account for the light-colored hair and eye. It is not likely that the present mosaic condition will be transmitted because it is most probably a case of somatic mosaicism.
On the Marshalling of Evidence and the Structuring of Argument

This paper concerns issues that arise when arguments are constructed from a mass of evidence and when the evidence is weighed or assessed in the process of drawing conclusions from it. Of major concern in this paper are problems associated with the productive integration of structural and weight-related analyses. In addition, the author addresses some common misconceptions about theories of evidential reasoning and attempts to set the record straight by mentioning the legacy of research on the evidential foundations of probabilistic inference that has been available for many years. All of these matters should be of concern in attempts to provide a productive integration of research in Operations Research and Artificial intelligence in situations in which people must draw conclusions from a mass of evidence that is incomplete, inconclusive, and that comes from sources with every gradation of credibility.
Doubled-Up Homeless Comparing Educational Outcomes With Low-Income Students

Living doubled-up is a form of homelessness that can go undetected by schools, yet the toll it takes on the lives of students is significant. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine...
Croatia’s self-colonization: Intra-national nesting orientalisms in Renato Baretić’s Osmi povjerenik:

While Croatia is often classified as a Balkan nation, its citizens tend to reject this label for reinforcing an image of their country as different and ‘backward’. Croatians respond by emphasizing ...
Deconstructing the Discussion Forum: Student Questions and Computer Science Learning

Online discussion forums are widely used and hold great promise for supporting students in learning computer science. Understanding how we can best support students in learning computer science through online discussion forums is an important open question for the CS Ed community. This paper analyzes discussion forum posts from 395 students enrolled in CS2 across two different universities. The results demonstrate that students use the discussion forums often for logistical and relatively shallow questions. However, the largest portion of questions reflect some level of constructive problem-solving activity, and are positively correlated with course grades. Questions that neither describe students' reasoning nor their attempts to solve the problem constitute the smallest percentage of questions, but these questions may be particularly important to attend to because of their relationship to students' prior experience.
Wide-input-voltage-range dual-output GaN-based isolated DC-DC converter for aerospace applications

This paper presents the in-depth design of an isolated dc-dc power converter for aerospace applications rated at 30 W, dual 15 V dc outputs, 10–80 V input, switching at 1 MHz and using enhancement-mode GaN power transistors. A recently proposed three-switch active-clamp flyback topology is chosen as an effective means to deal with the large input voltage variation, and meet the high efficiency target at full load (>90 %). A planar transformer is designed and optimized according to the desired converter operating mode. The paper presents additionally the full evaluation of the converter under varying voltage and load conditions, demonstrating a peak efficiency of 92.4 % and a power density of 40 W/in3.
Electrical resistivity and optical absorption in EuLiH3 and SrLiH3

Abstract The electrical and optical properties of single crystals of SrLiH 2 and EuLiH 3 were investigated. Electrical resistivity measurements were carried out in the temperature range from 0 to 400°C using the van der Pauw technique. The room temperature resistivity values were 10 7 ohm-cm for both materials. The thermal activation energies observed were attributed to impurity effects. Optical transmission and diffuse reflectance measurements were made over the spectral range from 0·6 to 5·5 eV. Evidence was found for both impurity and intrinsic absorptions. For SrLiH 3 a single intrinsic absorption was found at about 4·0 eV. Three intrinsic absorptions were found for EuLiH 3 at 2·0, 4·0 and 5·2 eV. The common absorption at 4·0 eV is attributed to the valence band, which is largely H − in character, to conduction band transition. The two additional absorptions for EuLiH 3 are assigned to transitions between localized 4 f levels located within the band gap and 5 d bands in analogy with results for other divalent europium compounds.
Reading Leo Strauss: A Conservative’s Distortion of His Thought

Until a short time ago liberal education’s mind-broadening attempt to grasp what is universally true was thought to stand at odds with partisanship and narrowness of interests. But as the prolifera...
Associations Between Personality and Distress Tolerance Among Trauma-Exposed Young Adults

Low distress tolerance (DT) is related to negative mental health outcomes, particularly among trauma-exposed populations, who are at greater risk for mental health problems. However, little is known about potential etiological factors underlying the development of perceived (i.e., self-report) or behaviorally assessed DT. The present study examined associations between Big Five personality factors (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, & neuroticism) and multiple measures of DT. Participants were 440 college students (71.4% women) endorsing a history of one or more potentially traumatic events. Participants completed the abbreviated Big Five Inventory (BFI), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Discomfort Intolerance Scale (DIS), breath-holding task, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Results of a series of hierarchical linear regressions indicated that higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of conscientiousness were significantly associated with lower DTS scores, but no other DT measures. Greater extraversion was significantly associated with greater DT on the DIS and the PASAT. Lower levels of openness were associated with lower DT on the breath-holding task. Individual differences in normal personality traits account for significant variation in multiple measures of DT and may provide insight into the etiology of various forms of DT.
Commentary on: Sexual and Gender Minority Health Disparities as a Social issue: How Stigma and Intergroup Relations Can Explain and Reduce Health Disparities

The broadly defined field of stigma research has made enormous advances since the watershed moment created by the publication of Goffman's (1963) influential essay. Advances have been made in the conceptualization of what stigma is, how stigmatizing circumstances differ one from another and what the origins of stigma are thought to be. Beyond this useful expansion of concepts has been a robust development of methods aimed at operationalizing important stigma dimensions. In this commentary I point out how several of the papers in this special issue further elaborate and deepen the concepts and measures that have developed since Goffman. But this special issue goes further by bringing an intergroup relations orientation to bear in a focused way. Like other major advances such as concepts and theories associated with “minority stress” and “structural stigma” the current project portends a new set of lenses for further understanding the origins and consequences of stigma.
Imagining Andalusia: Race, Translation, and the Early Critical Reception of Federico García Lorca in the U.S.

A traves del estudio de las primeras traducciones de la obra de Federico Garcia Lorca al ingles, este articulo analiza la imagen de Andalucia, con su herencia africana y arabe, en los Estados Unidos. Al examinar una seleccion de resenas que aparecieron en las revistas literarias americanas entre 1929 y 1936, demuestro que los elementos andaluces de la obra de Lorca llevaron en ocasiones a que el publico estadounidense creara estereotipos de la cultura espanola como racialmente diferente, lo cual afecto la recepcion critica de la obra temprana de Lorca en ingles. Palabras clave: Garcia Lorca, raza, traduccion, Andalucia, recepcion critica This article examines the perception of Andalusia, with its African and Arabic past, in the United States by using a case study that analyzes the early English translations of Federico Garcia Lorca’s work. Through a selection of reviews appearing in American literary magazines between 1929 and 1936, I show that the Andalusian elements of Lorca’s poems and plays at times caused the American public to stereotype Spanish culture as racially different, thus affecting the critical success of his early work in English translation. Keywords: Garcia Lorca, race, translation, Andalusia, critical reception
Differential flatness based hybrid PID/LQR flight controller for complex trajectory tracking in quadcopter UAVs

In this paper, we present a differential flatness based hybrid flight controller for the quadcopter UAV. The combination of conventional PID based controller with the full state feedback based LQR controller results in the proposed hybrid controller. The performance of the resulting controller is further enhanced by using differential flatness based feedforward control. The UAV with a hybrid flight controller is considered as the balance between stability and maneuverability, which makes it suitable for complex trajectory following applications. The dynamic model and the flight controller has been verified by means of numerical simulations for flight conditions involving complex maneuvers.
Numerical study of multiscale compaction-initiated detonation

A multiscale model of heterogeneous condensed-phase explosives is examined computationally to determine the course of transient events following the application of a piston-driven stimulus. The model is a modified version of that introduced by Gonthier (Combust Sci Technol 175(9):1679–1709, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200302373 ) in which the explosive is treated as a porous, compacting medium at the macro-scale and a collection of closely packed spherical grains capable of undergoing reaction and diffusive heat transfer at the meso-scale. A separate continuum description is ascribed to each scale, and the two scales are coupled together in an energetically consistent manner. Following piston-induced compaction, localized energy deposition at the sites of intergranular contact creates hot spots where reaction begins preferentially. Reaction progress at the macro-scale is determined by the spatial average of that at the grain scale. A parametric study shows that combustion at the macro-scale produces an unsteady detonation with a cyclical character, in which the lead shock loses strength and is overtaken by a stronger secondary shock generated in the partially reacted material behind it. The secondary shock in turn becomes the new lead shock and the process repeats itself.
Auditory motion parallax

When an object vibrates and produces an audible sound, many animals locate the position of the sound source based on only the sound. The horizontal (azimuth), vertical (elevation), and distance (range) of sound sources can often be determined, in some cases with high acuity (1). As most auditory systems have no spatial receptors and the physical properties of sound do not contain measures of extent (size and distance), the brain must process the sound in order for sound-source localization to occur. The study of sound-source localization has a long and rich history going back more than a century (2, 3). As a result, it might seem surprising that there can be new discoveries. But the PNAS article by Genzel et al. (4) has done just that. In the late 1930s, Hans Wallach (5⇓–7) published three papers in which he moved listeners and sound sources to test his main hypothesis that “Two sets of sensory data enter into the perceptual process of localization, (1) the changing binaural cues and (2) the data representing the changing position of the head” (7). Differences in the arrival time of sound at the two ears and interaural level differences were the two “binaural cues” assumed for determining sound-source location. Wallach (7) argued that vision, kinesthetic, and vestibular function provided head position cues. He had listeners rotate in a chair along the azimuth plane, judging the location of sounds presented from different azimuthal loudspeakers. Using 3D geometry and trigonometry, Wallach showed that certain rotational relationships between listeners and sound sources could disambiguate front–back reversal errors, produce azimuthal illusions, and allow listeners to judge sound-source elevation. This work influenced E. G. Boring, the famous psychologist at the time when Boring (2) summarized his history of sound-source localization with, “Wallach has made it quite … [↵][1]1Email: William.yost{at}asu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Operative Recognition of Syphilis of the Aorta

Aortic syphilis has not disappeared. Few patients with aortic syphilis are diagnosed pre-operatively or after histologic examination of the resected aortas. The gross features of the wall of the syphilitic aortic aneurysm, however, are unique allowing diagnosis of this entity on the operating table. Thirty patients aged 33 to 84 years (mean 66) (18 women) had a syphilitic aneurysm involving the tubular portion of ascending aorta resected at Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas from 2009 through 2017. That syphilis was the cause of the aneurysm was not appreciated either preoperatively or at operation. Syphilis produces characteristic changes in the aorta: it is thicker than normal due to fibrous thickening of the intima and adventitia, the intimal surface is 100% abnormal, and the sinus portion of the aorta is uninvolved. The process begins at or just distal to the sinotubular junction. Histologic findings are specific. A negative serologic test for syphilis does not rule out the presence of syphilis of the aorta. The key to identifying at operation syphilis of the aorta is to note that its entire intimal surface is abnormal, that one or more saccular aneurysms may arise from the fusiform aneurysm, that the aneurysmal wall isthicker than normal, and that the wall of the sinus portion of the aorta is spared. Identificationof the syphilitic cause appears to be important because antibiotic therapy is recommended to prevent or retard the development of neurological syphilis, particularly in the younger patients.
Comments: Acute Proliferitis

Paul Feyerabend has discovered a disease common to Protestantism, Empiricism, and Classical Theatre. The disease is a commitment to a ‘party line’ as the source of all authority, as an unquestionable ‘rule of faith’. I shall confine my remarks to Empiricism.
A Study of Math Anxiety/Math Avoidance in Preservice Elementary Teachers.

math concepts, introduction to statistics, college algebra, and precalculus matched almost exactly the ratio of men to women for the college enrollment as a whole. Of 787 students enrolled in these courses, 381 , or 48.4 percent, were women. However, the data for the courses required for the preprofessional programs and those leading to a major in mathematics indicated that of 1029 students en-
Conservation and animal welfare issues arising from forestry practices. (Special Issue: Conservation and animal welfare.)

Forestry practices may directly kill animals as well as destroy and fragment their habitat. Even without habitat destruction, logging and its associated forest management practices (which include road building, re-forestation, and often increased recreational use) create noise, frighten animals, and may lead to changes in species composition as well as evolutionary responses to the myriad of anthropogenic impacts. Thus, forestry practices may create conservation problems. Forestry practices may also create welfare problems that may act on different temporal and spatial scales than the conservation problems. The individuals affected by forestry may have heightened glucocorticoid levels that may lead to a predictable set of deleterious consequences. Individuals may no longer be able to communicate, or they may no longer be attractive to potential mates. Such welfare problems may generate conservation problems if fitness is reduced. Identifying the set of possible impacts is the first step towards improving welfare and aiding wildlife conservation in managed forests.
Ilioinguinal Nerve Entrapment

Entrapment of the ilioinguinal nerve gives rise to a varied symptomatology, the nerve having both muscular and sensory elements, and displays many of the characteristics of an intercostal nerve involvement. Originating from the first and second lumbar segments, the nerve has an extensive path terminating as the motor supply to the lower portions of the transversus and internal oblique muscles, and supplying sensation to the iliac crest, the base of the scrotum (or labia), and the inguinal region. The point of entrapment is usually medial to the anterior superior spine, where the nerve enters the transversus abdominis, and internal oblique muscles in an angular fashion, where it is subject to trauma or irritation.
Stone Pavements, Lag Deposits, and Contemporary Landscape Evolution

Abstract Lag deposits and stone pavements are widespread on Mars. Available evidence suggests that these landscape surfaces are actively forming and in fact have formed throughout the Amazonian as environmental conditions dried and cooled. Active lag-forming processes include deflation, rock breakdown, sublimation, and impact gardening. Active stone pavement formational processes include deflation, cumulic pedogenesis, rock breakdown, and impact. Wash lag and wash-produced pavements persist in the contemporary landscape but are relict forms associated with pre-Amazonian landscape evolution on Mars. Models of lag-dominated landscape evolution and stone pavement evolution are presented using terrestrial analogues.
Factors affecting specimen accrual in a community hospital biobank.

e20570 Background: Community hospital biobanks are important contributors to several cancer genome programs. In an effort to improve the specimen accrual, we sought to determine cancer patients’ at...
Pediatric Liver Injury: Physical Examination, Fast and Serum Transaminases Can Serve as a Guide

Abstract Background The aim of our study was to determine if the combination of physical examination (PE), serum transaminases along with Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) would effectively rule out major hepatic injuries (HIs) after blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) in hemodynamically stable pediatric patients. Methods We conducted a 9-year retrospective study of pediatric patients ( Results We identified a total of 423 pediatric patients with BAT. Mean age was 11 y, median abdominal Abbreviated Injury Scale was 3 [2-4], and mean ED-SBP was 132 mm Hg. One hundred ninety-eight patients had HI of which 107 were major HI, defined by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma as ≥grade III. Using ROC curve analysis, optimum ALT and AST thresholds were determined to be 90 U/L and 120 U/L, respectively. The sensitivity of FAST was 50% while that of PE was 40%. Combining PE with AST/ALT and FAST had an overall sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 95%, a positive predictive value of 87%, and a negative predictive value of 98%. Conclusions In hemodynamically stable pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients, CT scanning can be avoided using a combination of readily available tests thus avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure. However, pediatric patients with positive PE, FAST, and elevated AST/ALT may eventually require CT scan to further evaluate liver injuries.
Identification, Classification, and Treatment of Reading and Language Disabilities in Spanish‐Speaking EL Students: Introduction to the Special Issue

This article serves as an introduction to the special issue on Identification, Classification, and Treatment of Reading and Language Disabilities in Spanish-speaking English Learners. The article explains the driving forces behind the need for the special issue, the global nature of linguistic diversity, and provides an overview of the five papers that comprise the special issue.
Sexual Assault and Intercollegiate Athletes

After a multitude of high-profile athletes garnered media attention specifically for violent acts against women in the 1980s and 1990s, researchers in fields ranging from sociology to psychology to higher education took notice and began conducting studies to assess the prevalence of student-athlete violence against women. Empirical results regarding the prevalence of student-athlete violence against women from the 1990s were mixed and, as such, were subject to criticisms from the field. Further, there is a definitive gap in the literature in the 2000s. In the last 15 years, only two new empirical studies sought to question whether male student-athletes are more likely to perpetrate sexual assault.
UCR-STAR: the UCR spatio-temporal active repository

This article describes the UCR Spatio-temporal Active Repository (UCR-STAR). UCR-STAR is a visual catalog for big spatial datasets. Rather than a boring tabular listing of datasets, it provides an interactive map interface that allows users to explore these datasets to assess their coverage, quality, and distribution. This article describes both the functionality of UCR-STAR as well as the underlying system architecture. We believe that this article can help the research community by explaining how to realize research ideas into a workable product.
Visualizations Integrated Into Consumer Health Technologies Support Self-management of Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review

While chronic diseases remain a global problem, visualizations of data and information are a potential solution to assist patients with chronic disease in communication, self-management, and decision making. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence regarding data and information visualizations integrated into consumer health informatics solutions for chronic disease management in the community. A search was conducted in CINAHL, EMBASE, Engineering Village, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science between January 1, 2007, and May 1, 2019. Studies were evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Of the 2549 published studies, six studies met inclusion criteria. Of these six studies, two used information visualizations, two used data visualizations, and two used both information and data visualizations. Graphs were the main type of visualization used. Visualizations were mainly delivered in mobile applications and were interactive. The goals of the visualizations varied across studies including to (1) improve understanding of health data, (2) improve patient-provider communication, (3) monitor chronic disease, and/or (4) improve chronic disease management. Five studies reported subjective outcomes of the visualizations (eg, perceived usability, acceptability). One study reported both subjective and objective outcomes (eg, recall) of the visualizations. Findings highlight the need for more research on data and information visualizations integrated into consumer health technologies that support chronic disease management in daily life.
Potentiation of IL-4 Signaling by Retinoic Acid in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Macrophages—Mechanisms and Targets

We previously demonstrated that IL4, IL13, CLCA1 and CCL26 mRNA were significantly upregulated in the lungs of animals given a low dose of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and infected with Ascaris. We also demonstrated that in vitro administered ATRA induces a state of partial alternative activation in porcine macrophages (Mfs) and amplifies certain aspects of M2a activation induced by IL-4. Given these results, we wanted to test the effect of ATRA on IL-4 responses in two porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines, IPEC1 and IPEC-J2. We observed that ATRA increased mRNA for the IL-4 receptor alpha chain. ATRA increased IL-4 induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and mRNA expression of the chloride channel, calcium activated, family member 1 (CLCA1), important for mucus formation, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 (CCL26), a potent eosinophil chemoattractant. We next wanted to extend these findings to human THP-1 cells. Herein, we extend these findings to human Mfs. In human THP-1 cells, ATRA synergistically increased IL-4–induced CCL2, CCL13 and CCL26 mRNA and protein levels. Transglutaminase 2 mRNA, protein and enzyme activity were synergistically induced in THP-1 cells pretreated with ATRA and then treated with IL-4. Thus, in porcine epithelial cells and porcine and human macrophages, ATRA increased signaling in response to IL-4. Given the prevalence of allergic and parasitic diseases worldwide and the close similarities in the porcine and human immune responses, these findings have important implications for the nutritional regulation of allergic inflammation at mucosal surfaces.
Association between specialist compensation and Accountable Care Organization performance.

Objective To determine if Medicare Shared Savings Program Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) using cost reduction measures in specialist compensation demonstrated better performance. Data sources National, cross-sectional survey data on ACOs (2013-2015) linked to public-use data on ACO performance (2014-2016). Study design We compared characteristics of ACOs that did and did not report use of cost reduction measures in specialist compensation and determined the association between using this approach and ACO savings, outpatient spending, and specialist visit rates. Principal findings Of 160 ACOs surveyed, 26 percent reported using cost reduction measures to help determine specialist compensation. ACOs using cost reduction in specialist compensation were more often physician-led (68.3 vs 49.6 percent) and served higher-risk patients (mean Hierarchical Condition Category score 1.09 vs 1.05). These ACOs had similar savings per beneficiary year (adjusted difference $82.6 [95% CI -77.9, 243.1]), outpatient spending per beneficiary year (-24.0 [95% CI -248.9, 200.8]), and specialist visits per 1000 beneficiary years (369.7 [95% CI -9.3, 748.7]). Conclusion Incentivizing specialists on cost reduction was not associated with ACO savings in the short term. Further work is needed to determine the most effective approach to engage specialists in ACO efforts.
Non-dimensional thermoelastic model of a compound annular cylinder in a stress-free state with internal heat generation:

A non-dimensional, axisymmetric, thermal-stress model for a three-layer cylinder with internal heating has been developed. Such a geometry is encountered in an annular target for isotope production...
Superpriority of Remediation Liens: A Cure to the Virus of Blight

Ten years ago, after Hurricane Katrina caused extensive losses to the Gulf Coast, New Orleans was faced with the daunting task of rebuilding amidst an overwhelming number of blighted and abandoned flood-damaged properties. That city’s efforts have resulted in major successes in large part due to the State of Louisiana’s wise enactment of legislation that empowers New Orleans, and other Louisiana local governments, to give superpriority status to remediation liens. Unfortunately, fewer than half of the fifty states have a similar statute in place. Even in the minority of states that have codified superpriority status for remediation liens, there are a wide variety of approaches in how they handle the procedure for doing so. This article explores the disparate approaches of the minority of states that currently codify a procedure for the superpriority of remediation liens, and it outlines the essential attributes of a model remediation lien statute. I will contend that these proposed attributes should be replicated in states that currently have not addressed the need for a remediation statute with superpriority status. Additionally, I will argue, states that currently have a statute in place should follow the suggestions that I will present as a guide to amending those statutes that are too cumbersome or poorly drafted and ineffective.
Nitrogen Dynamics of Inundated Sediments in an Emerging Coastal Deltaic Floodplain in Mississippi River Delta Using Isotope Pairing Technique to Test Response to Nitrate Enrichment and Sediment Organic Matter

Nitrate (NO3–) enrichment in rivers over the last four decades has potentially shifted how coastal ecosystems process nitrogen (N). Shifts in N dynamics may be particularly significant in coastal deltaic floodplains when sediments are inundated during river flood stage as this may change the fate of NO3– transported to the coastal ocean. We evaluated the relative importance of denitrification, dissimilative nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in intact sediment cores of Wax Lake Delta (WLD) using continuous flow-through system. We manipulated this experimental system with two concentrations of riverine NO3– (lower concentration at 5 μM and ambient concentration at 100 μM) to test how nitrate-enriched waters may modify N cycling in coastal deltaic floodplains. Inundated sediments in a coastal deltaic floodplain removed bio-reactive N as a function of sediment organic matter (SOM) concentrations, indicating how N dynamics vary as a result of deltaic succession. Direct denitrification was the dominant N pathway in inundated sediments in WLD, which was several times greater than coupled nitrification-denitrification, DNRA, and anammox. Gross denitrification (direct denitrification + coupled nitrification-denitrification) rates generally increased with SOM concentrations and ranged from 4 to 12 μmol N m–2 h–1 under lower NO3– enrichment (5 μM) and 68 to 276 μmol N m–2 h–1 under higher NO3– enrichment (100 μM). Most of these changes in N fluxes with SOM and NO3– enrichment resulted from the increase in direct denitrification rates rather than coupled nitrification-denitrification rates. DNRA rates varied from 0 to 65 μmol N m–2 h–1, and the relative significance of DNRA increased as a percentage of total NO3– reduction (%DNRA) with increasing ratio of organic carbon to NO3– concentrations (OC/NO3–). Anammox rates increased among sites as SOM increased, but rates were lower from 0.0 to 38 μmol N m–2 h–1. The dominance of direct denitrification and increased anammox rates with SOM concentrations indicate that dynamic deltaic floodplains can permanently remove bio-reactive N in the proximal zone of river deposition of tidal freshwater wetlands.
Bronchoscopy teaching without a gold standard: attending pulmonologists' assessment of learners, supervisory styles, and variation in practice

Background Despite the growing role of simulation in procedural teaching, bronchoscopy training largely is experiential and occurs during patient care. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education sets a target of 100 bronchoscopies to be performed during pulmonary fellowship. Attending physicians must balance fellow autonomy with patient safety during these clinical teaching experiences. Few data on best practices for bronchoscopy teaching exist, and a better understanding of how bronchoscopy currently is supervised could allow for improvement in bronchoscopy teaching. Research Question How do attending bronchoscopists supervise bronchoscopy, and in particular, how do attendings balance fellow autonomy with patient safety? Study Design and Methods This was a focused ethnography conducted at a single center using audio recording of dialog between attendings and fellows during bronchoscopies, supplemented by observation of nonverbal teaching. Interviews with attending bronchoscopists and limited interviews of fellows also were recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim before analysis. We used constant comparative analysis to analyze data and qualitative research software to support data organization and thematic analysis. Education researchers from outside of pulmonary critical care joined the team to minimize bias. Results We observed seven attending bronchoscopists supervising eight bronchoscopies. We noted distinct teaching behaviors, classified into themes, which then were grouped into four supervisory styles of modelling, coaching, scaffolding, and fading. Observation and interviews illuminated that assessing fellow skill was one tool used to choose a style, and attendings moved between styles. Attendings accepted some, but not all, variation in both performing and supervising bronchoscopy. Interpretation Attending pulmonologists used a range of teaching microskills as they moved between different supervisory styles and selectively accepted variation in practice. These distinct approaches may create well-rounded bronchoscopists by the end of fellowship training and should be studied further.
Beyond fingerprinting: Choosing predictive connectomes over reliable connectomes

Recent years have seen a surge of research on variability in functional brain connectivity within and between individuals, with encouraging progress toward understanding the consequences of this variability for cognition and behavior. At the same time, well-founded concerns over rigor and reproducibility in psychology and neuroscience have led many to question whether functional connectivity is sufficiently reliable, and call for methods to improve its reliability. The thesis of this opinion piece is that when studying variability in functional connectivity-both across individuals and within individuals over time-we should use behavior prediction as our benchmark rather than optimize reliability for its own sake. We discuss theoretical and empirical evidence to compel this perspective, both when the goal is to study stable, trait-level differences between people, as well as when the goal is to study state-related changes within individuals. We hope that this piece will be useful to the neuroimaging community as we continue efforts to characterize inter- and intra-subject variability in brain function and build predictive models with an eye toward eventual real-world applications.
Elementary Classroom Vocabulary Experiences

This study aimed to examine language at the teacher/classroom level among second-grade classrooms that differ in socioeconomic backgrounds. Measures of teachers’ vocabulary input across the school ...
Jane Austen and Music

In this essay, Laura Vorachek argues that music’s disciplinary function was especially apparent in music instruction material directed at a female audience. With instructions on practicing, physical decorum, and music selection, keyboard method books ordered women’s conduct in accordance with Regency gender norms. Music performance was also gender performance. However, method books’ attempts to contain women indirectly communicated the possibility that limitations placed on female musicians could be exceeded. Reading late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century keyboard instruction manuals in conjunction with Austen’s novels, this essay illuminates the ways her characters refuse or subvert cultural dictates about gender and music.