cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF THE HYPERBOLIC NATURE OF THE EQUATIONS OF RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS

Abstract In this paper we analyze the equations of radiation hydrodynamics viewed as a system of hyperbolic equations. The purpose is to develop such insights as might be useful in the construction of robust and accurate higher-order Godunov schemes for their numerical solution. As a result we analyze the propagation characteristics of the hyperbolic parts of the equations of radiation hydrodynamics. We show that the system admits the usual sound waves, shear waves and entropy wave familiar from the Euler equations. However, an important point of difference is that these waves make significant contributions to the radiative parts of the full system of equations in ways that were not anticipated. We explain this difference with a view to improving our physical insight. The system also admits a pair of waves that enable the propagation of radiation energy density. They propagate with speeds that can be comparable to the speed of light and as a result they do not produce fluctuations in the hyperbolic parts of the fluid equations. This is physically consistent with the fact that matter cannot move at the speed of light. The system also admits a pair of waves that carry information about the propagation of the transverse radiative fluxes. As a corollary to this work, important new insights have been obtained into the nature of the Eddington factors and their role in radiation hydrodynamics. We have also been able to arrive at some insights into the Cauchy problem for the equations of radiation hydrodynamics.
Theory of non-Kerr law generalized vector solitons

The soliton perturbation theory is used to obtain the adiabatic parameter dynamics of the perturbed vector solitons that are governed by the generalized non-linear Schrodinger's equation. The perturbation terms considered in this paper are of dispersive, dissipative as well of non-local type.
Multiple-beam collapse in Kerr media

We investigate the spatial collapse dynamics of several coupled beams in Kerr media. Depending on the initial beam configuration, we observe sharp transitions to either fusion or annihilation of the collapsing beams.
Time-domain analysis of low-speed airfoil flutter

A time-domain aeroelastic analysis code is described for single airfoils and two-foil systems in incompressible, inviscid flow. Flow solutions are obtained using a time-stepping panel code, and airfoil motions are computed using a two-degree-of-freedom spring/mass model. The time-stepping aeroelastic code is evaluated through comparisons with several classical frequency-domain studies for single-degree-of-freedom pitching motion. Results show excellent agreement with past studies and provide a look into the evolution of the motion in time. Additionally, using a two-foil system, it is shown that flutter of a trailing airfoil can be controlled by proper oscillation and phasing of a leading airfoil. Three applications of the aeroelastic code are presented, including a feedback loop to actively stabilize flutter of a trailing airfoil, simulations of wake interference in rotary-wing flowfields, and simulations of flutter in ground effect. Nomenclature Cf =
The Cardiorenal Syndrome: Making the Connection

The heart and the kidneys share responsibility for maintaining hemodynamic stability and end-organ perfusion. Connections between these organs ensure that subtle physiologic changes in one system are tempered by compensation in the other through a variety of pathways and mediators. In the setting of underlying heart disease or chronic kidney disease, the capacity of each organ to respond to perturbation caused by the other may become compromised. This has recently led to the characterization of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). This review will primarily focus on CRS type 1 where acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) results in activation of hemodynamic and neurohormonal factors leading to an acute drop in the glomerular filtration rate and the development of acute kidney injury. We will examine the scope and impact of this problem, the pathophysiology associated with this relationship, including underperfuson and venous congestion, diagnostic tools for earlier detection, and therapeutic interventions to prevent and treat this complication.
Health Literate Practices Can Facilitate State Health Insurance Exchange Communication

Significant changes to the U.S. health care system will occur when the provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 1 are implemented in states across the country. Mil...
Models of employment and income distribution

Abstract A compact form of the Taylor/Lysy model is presented. It consists of the commodity and factor price frontiers, the saving-investment equilibrium condition and the neoclassical relationship between relative factor prices and the capital intensity. Such compact form is underdetermined. Different ‘closure rules’ give rise to different equilibria, each with its own comparative static properties. The models resulting from a few simple ‘closure rules’ are examined, starting with the full employment, flexible price model, with accumulation of capital determined by available savings. In all cases, capital is fully utilized and financial assets are ignored.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: lysosomal enzyme precursor N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase activities in human ovarian tumor tissue and some transformed cell lines.

AbstractUridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine: lysosomal enzyme precursor N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase, is a key enzyme involved in the intracellular targeting of lysosomal enzymes. This enzyme is elevated fourfold in primary ovarian tumor microsomes with respect to normal ovarian microsomes. This elevation is associated with significant increases in the specific activity of multiple lysosomal hydrolases, including β-D-hexasaminidase, α-L-fucosidase, and β-D-galactosidase. The activity of the phosphotransferase was also documented in several cell lines derived from human tumors. The possible role of this enzyme in tumor-associated phosphorylation is discussed.
Advanced paediatric life support in practice

Abstract Paediatric resuscitation guidelines provide a framework allowing resuscitation teams to work in a coordinated fashion to provide timely resuscitation to the collapsed child. Effective resuscitation systems include early recognition of sick children, communication systems, training of parents and healthcare professionals, provision of equipment and direct clinical care to the critically ill child. Clinical outcomes may be improved by early recognition and timely intervention to prevent further deterioration. If collapse has occurred effective and timely management is essential to optimize outcomes.
An MRI study of midbrain morphology in patients with schizophrenia : Relationship to psychosis, neuroleptics, and cerebellar neural circuitry

Abstract Background: The midbrain contains the perikarya of all the dopamine neurons in the human brain. Although other neurochemicals may well be involved, dopamine dysregulation is central in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Despite this, few imaging studies have evaluated the morphology of the midbrain. Methods: Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, morphology of three posterior fossa and brain stem structures were measured: midbrain, pons, and medulla. The patient sample consisted of 50 men with schizophrenia, matched by gender and age to 50 healthy control subjects. Results: Patients had significantly smaller midbrain measures compared with control subjects. There were no differences between groups in measures of pons or medulla. Furthermore, midbrain size was significantly and inversely correlated with positive symptoms and cumulative neuroleptic exposure, but not with negative or disorganized symptoms. After controlling for the effect of cumulative neuroleptic exposure, the relationship between midbrain morphology and positive symptoms remained significant. Conclusions: Midbrain morphology of patients with schizophrenia is abnormal, being smaller in patients compared with control subjects. Although this appears to be specifically related to psychotic symptoms, there is also a robust medication effect, with greater exposure to neuroleptics being associated with greater morphologic abnormality. We discuss the role of dopaminergic dysregulation and possible neural circuit involvement.
Do Depositors Discipline Banks and Did Government Actions During the Recent Crisis Reduce this Discipline? An International Perspective

The recent financial crisis highlights the importance of both regulatory and market discipline. Government reactions to the crisis included expanding deposit insurance coverage and rescuing troubled institutions, including some institutions that might not otherwise be considered too important to fail. These actions may have the unintended consequence of a reduction in market discipline that might otherwise penalize banks for risk-taking behavior. Alternatively, market discipline may have increased during the crisis due to heightened awareness of the risks of bank failures. To address these issues, we first test for the presence of depositor discipline effects in the period leading up to the financial crisis in both the US and the EU. Second, we test whether depositor discipline decreased or increased during the crisis. We find significant depositor discipline prior to the crisis in both the US and EU, but this varies between the US and the EU as well as with banking organization size and with listed versus unlisted status. We also find that depositor discipline mostly decreased during the crisis, except for the case of small US banks.
Human Saliva: II. A Technical Procedure for Calcium Analysis

Recently a survey of international literature concerning salivary Ca was made by Becks and Wainwright (3). They called attention to the inadequacy of present knowledge of the subject, and to the extreme variation of results reported by former investigators. It was found that salivary-Ca values published by 26 authors varied from 1.5 to 33 mg. percent. None of these investigators showed definite correlation between salivary-Ca content and dental disorders. The 26 authors who attempted to determine salivary-Ca content were divided into three groups: (a) 8 used methods no longer acceptable because technical procedures for Ca analysis have been greatly improved; (b) 8 did not satisfactorily report the technical procedures, making it impossible to judge the reliability of the findings; (c) 10 reported in detail the methods, which showed many differences in technic. These differences suggested a possible reason for the wide range of results. Only the data of Clark and Shell (5), Becks (1, 2), Karshan, Krasnow and Krejci (9), Krasnow (11), Leonard (12), and Horton, Marrack and Price (6), are useful in establishing normal standards. From a strictly scientific aspect, only the results of the five cases of Clark and Shell are acceptable. This unexpected finding indicated definite need for further thorough studies of salivary-Ca content. Becks and Wainwright (3) showed that the very wide range of results in previous work was due partly to the methods of Ca analysis, and partly to the basis on which subjects were selected. Differences that affected results occurred in preliminary treatments of saliva
Synthesis and characterization of supported bimetallic overlayer catalysts

Abstract The directed deposition technique was used to synthesize alumina-supported bimetallic overlayer Pd on Re (Re@Pd) and Pt on Ni (Ni@Pt) catalysts. Computational and single crystal studies have predicted unique adsorption properties for similar overlayer type catalysts compared to the monometallic catalysts. The directed deposition technique combines the use of inhibitors and a surface reaction to produce the desired overlayer structure. The Re@Pd and Ni@Pt catalysts were characterized using hydrogen chemisorption, transmission election microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to correlate properties with synthesis conditions. H2 chemisorption indicated the proper synthesis conditions to deposit the overlayer metal on the base metal catalyst particle as desired. When a surface deposition inhibitor was not used, evidence for the formation of isolated particles of the overlayer metal was detected. Re@Pd catalysts showed decreased hydrogen heat of adsorption compared to Pd or Re monometallic catalysts as predicted by the literature. Ni@Pt catalysts demonstrated intermediate H2 heat of adsorption compared to Pt and Ni. TEM/EDS were used to demonstrate that the overlayer metal was associated with the base metal particles as desired.
IL-10 Alters Immunoproteostasis in APP Mice, Increasing Plaque Burden and Worsening Cognitive Behavior

Anti-inflammatory strategies are proposed to have beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease. To explore how anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling affects Aβ pathology, we investigated the effects of adeno-associated virus (AAV2/1)-mediated expression of Interleukin (IL)-10 in the brains of APP transgenic mouse models. IL-10 expression resulted in increased Aβ accumulation and impaired memory in APP mice. A focused transcriptome analysis revealed changes consistent with enhanced IL-10 signaling and increased ApoE expression in IL-10-expressing APP mice. ApoE protein was selectively increased in the plaque-associated insoluble cellular fraction, likely because of direct interaction with aggregated Aβ in the IL-10-expressing APP mice. Ex vivo studies also show that IL-10 and ApoE can individually impair glial Aβ phagocytosis. Our observations that IL-10 has an unexpected negative effect on Aβ proteostasis and cognition in APP mouse models demonstrate the complex interplay between innate immunity and proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases, an interaction we call immunoproteostasis.
Political Parties and Government Coalitions in the Americas

This paper focuses on the process of coalition formation in presidential systems. It shows that party positions and institutions influence the formation of government coalitions. We argue that presidents will tend to include parties positioned close to their policy positions in their cabinets, and will be more inclined to do it when relative institutional authority is more advantageous to congress. We corroborate our arguments with data from 13 presidential countries in the Americas.
Design and Analysis of On-Chip Networks for Large-Scale Cache Systems

Switched networks have been adopted in on-chip communication for their scalability and efficient resource sharing. However, using a general network for a specific domain may result in unnecessary high cost and low performance when the interconnects are not optimized for the domain. Designing an optimal network for the specific domain is challenging because in-depth knowledge of interconnects and the application domain is required. Recently proposed Nonuniform Cache Architectures (NUCAs) use wormhole-routed 2D mesh networks in L2 caches. We observe that in NUCAs, network resources are underutilized with the considerable area cost (41 percent of cache) and the network delay is significantly large (63 percent of cache access time). Motivated by our observations, we investigate both router architecture and network topology for communication behaviors in large-scale cache systems. We present Fast-LRU replacement, where cache replacement overlaps with data request delivery. Next, we propose a deadlock-free XYX routing algorithm in a mesh network and present a new halo network topology to reduce the required links. Finally, we introduce a single-cycle multicast router that needs small modification of the unicast router design. Simulation results show that our design improves the average IPC by 38 percent over the mesh design with Multicast Promotion replacement and uses 12 percent of the interconnection area of the mesh network.
Choquet integrals in potential theory

This is a survey of various applications of the notion of the Choquet integral to questions in Potential Theory, i.e. the integral of a function with respect to a non-additive set function on subsets of Euclidean $n$-space, capacity. The Choquet integral is, in a sense, a nonlinear extension of the standard Lebesgue integral with respect to the linear set function, measure. Applications include an integration principle for potentials, inequalities for maximal functions, stability for solutions to obstacle problems, and a refined notion of pointwise differentiation of Sobolev functions.
Treadmill Training of Infants With Down Syndrome: Evidence-Based Developmental Outcomes

Objective. On average, infants with Down syndrome (DS) learn to walk about 1 year later than nondisabled (ND) infants. The purpose of this study was to determine if practice stepping on a motorized treadmill could help reduce the delay in walking onset normally experienced by these infants. Methods. Thirty families of infants with DS were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. All infants were karyotyped trisomy 21 and began participation in the study when they could sit alone for 30 seconds ( Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition 1993, item 34). Infants received traditional physical therapy at least every other week. In addition, intervention infants received practice stepping on a small, motorized treadmill, 5 days per week, for 8 minutes a day, in their own homes. Parents were trained to support their infants on these specially engineered miniature treadmills. Every 2 weeks research staff went into the homes and tested infants9 overall motor progress by administering the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition, 1 monitored growth status via a battery of 11 anthropometric measures, and checked parents9 compliance with physical therapy and treadmill intervention. The primary measures of the intervention9s effectiveness were comparisons between the groups on the length of time elapsed between sitting for 30 seconds (entry into the study) and 1) raising self to stand; 2) walking with help; and 3) walking independently. Results. The experimental group learned to walk with help and to walk independently significantly faster (73.8 days and 101 days, respectively) than the control group, both of which also produced large effect size statistics for the group differences. The groups were not statistically different for rate of learning to raise self to stand but there was a moderate effect size statistic suggesting that the groups were meaningfully different in favor of the experimental group. Conclusions. These results provide evidence that, with training and support, parents can use these treadmills in their homes to help their infants with DS learn to walk earlier than they normally would. Current research is aimed at 1) improving the protocol to maximize outcome; 2) determining the impact of treadmill practice on walking gait patterns; 3) testing the application to other populations with a history of delays in walking; and 4) determining the long-term benefits that may accrue from this form of activity. motor development, Down syndrome, early intervention, walking.
An ultraviolet light-induced crosslink in yeast tRNAPhe

Abstract The irradiation of native or unmodified yeast tRNA(Phe) by short wavelength UV light (260 nM) results in an intramolecular crosslink that has been mapped to occur between C48 in the variable loop and U59 in the T loop. Photo-reversibility of the crosslink and the absence of fluorescent photo adducts suggest that the crosslink product is a cytidine-uridine cyclobutane dimer. This is consistent with the relative geometries of C48 and U59 in the crystal structure of yeast tRNA(Phe). Evaluation of the crosslinking efficiency of the mutants of tRNA(Phe) indicates that the reaction depends on the correct tertiary structure of the RNA.
Missed diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease.

Objectives To evaluate the rate and the clinical and demographic characteristics of missed diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Design Population-based retrospective study of 1989-2004 California statewide death registry data. Setting California. Participants The study cohort consisted of 898 infants who died of CCHD at 1 to 364 days of age who either did not undergo surgery or had an unknown surgery status. From all patients who met these initial criteria, we examined (1) whether autopsies were performed and autopsy results were used to establish the cause of death, (2) whether autopsies were performed but the results were not used to establish a cause of death, and (3) whether infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) were potentially receiving comfort care. Main Outcome Measures Missed and possibly late diagnosis of CCHD. Results Among 152 infants with a missed CCHD diagnosis, the median age at death was 13.5 days. More than 50% of patients with a missed CCHD diagnosis (n = 78) died at home or in the hospital emergency department. The most common diagnoses were HLHS and coarctation of aorta. There were an average of 10 patients with missed CCHD diagnoses and 20 patients with late diagnoses in California per year. The total annual number of patients with missed or late diagnoses decreased in 1989-1999 and remained unchanged in 2000-2004. Conclusions Up to 30 infants per year died of a missed or possibly late diagnosis of CCHD in California. Most deaths due to a missed diagnosis were from HLHS and coarctation of the aorta. Because the median age at death was younger than 2 weeks, a careful cardiovascular evaluation for left heart obstructive CHD should be performed during the first postdischarge visit to a pediatrician's office at 3 to 5 days of age.
Higher-order spectral analysis

Absltacl The purpose of this keynote lecture of the Signal Analysis Track is U) present the motivation behind he use of higher-order spectra (HOS) in signal processing as well as the definitions, properties, and biomedica1 signal processing applications of higher-order spectra. This lecture will also emphasize the state of science of the higher-order spectra field, especially as it applies to non-stadonary signal analysis.
Inhibitory Effects of Wild Blueberry Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids on Biomarkers of Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Vitro

Wild lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait) are a rich source of anthocyanins and other flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activities; however, their individual effects on cellular signaling remain to be elucidated. This study determined the capacity of blueberry bioactives to protect murine RAW 264.7 macrophages from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Fractionation of the crude extract (CE) into polyphenol-rich (PPR), anthocyanin-rich (ANC), and proanthocyanidin-rich (PAC) fractions and an ethyl acetate fraction (EA) revealed that PPR, ANC, and PAC components most effectively suppressed mRNA biomarkers of acute inflammation (Cox-2, iNOS, and IL-1β). Among major polyphenols found in the wild blueberries, malvidin-3-glucoside was significantly more effective than epicatechin or chlorogenic acid in reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in vitro.
Relation of cardiovascular risk factors to right ventricular structure and function as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis).

The effect of cardiovascular risk factors on the left ventricle is well known but their effect on right ventricle has not been studied using advanced imaging techniques. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between the cardiovascular risk factors and right ventricular (RV) structure and function and its interaction with the left ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance images from 4,204 participants free of clinical cardiovascular disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression models were used to study the cross-sectional association between individual RV parameters and risk factors. All RV parameters, except for ejection fraction, decreased with age (p
Partial Functions in ACL2

We describe a method for introducing “partial functions” into ACL2, that is, functions not defined everywhere. The function “definitions” are actually admitted via the encapsulation principle: the new function symbol is constrained to satisfy the appropriate equation. This is permitted only when a witness function can be exhibited, establishing that the constraint is satisfiable. Of particular interest is the observation that every tail recursive definition can be witnessed in ACL2. We describe a macro that allows the convenient introduction of arbitrary tail recursive functions, and we discuss how such functions can be used to prove theorems about state machine models without reasoning about “clocks” or counting the number of steps until termination. Our macro for introducing “partial functions” also permits a variety of other recursive schemes, and we briefly illustrate some of them.
Some Necessary Conditions for Steepest Descent Controllability

Steepest descent control of nonlinear dynamic systems is investigated. Necessary conditions are developed for a steepest descent control to transfer the state to a specified target, starting from every initial state at which this is possible.
Special Issue on geophysics applied to detection and discrimination of unexploded ordnance

Unexploded ordnance (UXO) presents serious problems in Europe, Asia, as well as in the United States. Explosives and mines from World War I and World War II still turn up at European and Asian construction sites, backyard gardens, beaches, wildlife preserves and former military training grounds. The high rate of failure among munitions from 60-90 years ago is cited as one of the main reasons for such a high level of contamination. Apart from war activities, military training has resulted in many uncovered ordnance. It is especially true in the United States, where most UXO has resulted from decades of military training, exercises, and testing of weapons systems. Such UXO contamination prevents civilian land use, threatens public safety, and causes significant environmental concern. In light of this problem, there has been considerable interest shown by federal, state, and local authorities in UXO remediation at former U.S. Department of Defense sites. The ultimate goal of UXO remediation is to permit safe public use of contaminated lands. A Defense Science Board Task Force Report from 1998 lists some 1,500 sites, comprising approximately 15 million acres, that potentially contain UXO. The UXO-related activity for these sites consists of identifying the subareas that actuallymore » contain UXO, and then locating and removing the UXO, or fencing the hazardous areas off from the public. The criteria for clearance depend on the intended land end-use and residual hazard risk that is deemed acceptable. Success in detecting UXO depends on the ordnance's size, metal content, and depth of burial, as well as on the ability of geophysical systems to detect ordnance in the presence of metallic fragments from exploded UXO and other metal clutter.« less
Management of septic shock: a protocol-less approach

ProCESS Investigators, Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, Barnato AE, Weissfeld LA, Pike F, Terndrup T, Wang HE, Hou PC, LoVecchio F, Filbin MR, Shapiro NI, Angus DC. A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370:1683–93. In a single-center study published more than a decade ago involving patients presenting to the emergency department with severe sepsis and septic shock, mortality was markedly lower among those who were treated according to a 6-h protocol of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), in which intravenous fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions were adjusted to reach central hemodynamic targets including central venous pressure, central venous oxygen saturation, and indirect estimates of cardiac output, than among those receiving usual care. Objective: The objective was to determine whether these EGDT findings were generalizable and whether all aspects of the EGDT protocol were necessary to achieve those outcomes. Design: A multicenter randomized three-arm controlled trial. Setting: Thirty-one academic emergency departments in the United States. Subjects: Patients older than 18 years of age presenting to the emergency department with septic shock. Intervention: Patients were assigned to one of three groups for 6 h of resuscitation: protocol-based EGDT as defined by River and colleagues; protocol-based standard therapy that did not require the placement of a central venous catheter, administration of inotropes, or blood transfusions; and usual care which mandated no specific monitoring or management approaches. Outcomes: The primary end point was 60-day in-hospital mortality. Also tested sequentially was whether protocol-based care (EGDT and standard therapy groups combined) was superior to usual care and whether protocol-based EGDT was superior to protocol-based standard therapy. Secondary outcomes included longer-term mortality and the need for organ support. A total of 1,351 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,341 were evaluable due to patient/family request: 439 were randomly assigned to protocol-based EGDT, 446 to protocol-based standard therapy, and 456 to usual care. Resuscitation strategies differed significantly with respect to the monitoring of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen and the use of intravenous fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions. By 60 days, there were 92 deaths in the protocol-based EGDT group (21.0 %), 81 in the protocol-based standard therapy group (18.2 %), and 86 in the usual care group (18.9 %) (relative risk with protocol-based therapy versus usual care, 1.04; 95 % confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.31; P = 0.83; relative risk with protocol-based EGDT versus protocol-based standard therapy, 1.15; 95 % CI, 0.88 to 1.51; P = 0.31). There were no significant differences in 90-day mortality, 1-year mortality, or the need for organ support. In a multicenter trial conducted in the tertiary care setting, protocol-based resuscitation of patients in whom septic shock was diagnosed in the emergency department did not improve outcomes.
Post-Laramide Uplift and Erosional History of Northern Wind River Basin, Wyoming: ABSTRACT

Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) multispectral scanner images together with aerial photographs have been used to infer Laramide to Holocene tectonic events along the northern fringe of Wind River basin near Wind River Canyon, Wyoming. TM images reveal the presence of a large system of alluvial fans, terraces, and residual tongue-shaped debris deposits covering an area of 90 mi2 at the base of Copper Mountain. The debris system contains predominantly dark metasedimentary clasts. Both Eocene (Wind River and Wagon Bed Formations) and Quaternary deposits are present, and some Eocene gravel has been reworked into the later units. These deposits contrast sharply in brightness and color with rocks in adjacent areas. Detailed topographic analysis of the terraces and fan remnants disclosed an episodic history of post-Wagon Bed (upper to middle Eocene) End_Page 245------------------------------ uplift and pediment cutting. At least 3 principal stages covering a vertical interval possibly as great as 1,300 ft have been identified. Soil profiles in Quaternary gravels capping the pediments show increase in maturity consistent with age inferred from topographic elevations. These local erosional stages may record tectonic events of regional significance. Their absolute ages need to be determined. End_of_Article - Last_Page 246------------
Old battles, New Frontiers: A Study of Television Violence and Social Work with Children

This article describes the place of television violence in social work practice with children. It is based on interviews with twenty-one social workers who work primarily with children in schools, in community mental health agencies and in private practices. Although the influence of television violence on children has been well documented by other disciplines, there has been a general lack of attention by social work. Because television is so much a part of children's social environment and because the social environment is so much a part of social work practice this study seeks to address that lack. Grounded theory methodology was utilized to analyze the interviews.
Examining the Content and Outcomes of Young Adults’ Satisfying and Unsatisfying Conversations About Sex

In this study, we examined young adults’ conversational descriptions of satisfying and unsatisfying sexual conversations with a romantic partner and the relational and sexual outcomes. We coded participants’ responses for content, when and where conversations occurred, and the results of conversations. Most often, conversations occurred in residences at the beginning of relationships and addressed sexual pleasure, relationship issues, sexual health, past sexual experience, attitudes/values, and sexual decision making. The results of conversations included relational consequences such as distrust, anger, understanding, and being afraid to talk to a partner, as well as sexual outcomes such as better sex, condom use, and better sex talk. The findings suggest that the costs and rewards of young adults’ sexual disclosure have implications for the effectiveness of sexual communication.
Microfluidic single cell transcriptional analysis reveals subpopulations of adipose derived stromal cells with enhanced angiogenic potential

INTRODUCTION: The auricular cartilage of the outer ear is composed of chondrocytes embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) predominated by collagen (type II), elastin, and various glycosaminoglycan macromolecules. Tissue engineered cartilage for outer ear reconstruction has several disadvantages including fibrocartilage instead of elastic cartilage and weak structural integrity. This study seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of using an Integrated Organ Printing (IOP) platform to fabricate a construct able to develop cartilage tissue in a stable 3-D shape.
Essential Papers on the Economics of Securities Law

This introduction to a compendium published by Edward Elgar (forthcoming) identifies and critically discusses leading research on the economics of securities law. Topics include the origins of securities regulation, the case for mandatory disclosure, the efficient markets hypothesis, insider trading, the fraud on the market theory, portfolio theory, capital assets pricing, takeover bids, regulatory design, shareholder voting, behavioral finance, and comparative research in securities markets and regulation.
Silicon vacancy center in 4 H -SiC: Electronic structure and spin-photon interfaces

Defects in silicon carbide are of intense and increasing interest for quantum-based applications due to this material's properties and technological maturity. We calculate the multiparticle symmetry-adapted wave functions of the negatively charged silicon vacancy defect in hexagonal silicon carbide via use of group theory and density functional theory and find the effects of spin-orbit and spin-spin interactions on these states. Although we focused on ${\text{V}}_{\mathrm{Si}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in $4H$-SiC because of its unique fine structure due to the odd number of active electrons, our methods can be easily applied to other defect centers of different polytypes, especially to the $6H$-SiC. Based on these results, we identify the mechanism that polarizes the spin under optical drive, obtain the ordering of its dark doublet states, point out a path for electric field or strain sensing, and find the theoretical value of its ground-state zero-field splitting to be 68 MHz, in good agreement with experiment. Moreover, we present two distinct protocols of a spin-photon interface based on this defect. Our results pave the way toward quantum information and quantum metrology applications with silicon carbide.
Variation in Glottalization at Prosodic Boundaries in Clear and Plain Lab Speech

Previous research on glottalization shows that this voice quality occurs more frequently at prosodic boundaries than in the middle of prosodic phrases. This study investigates ten speakers’ use of glottalization at prosodic boundaries in five passages read in both clear and plain lab speech. We analyzed each syllable in every passage for its voice quality (glottalized or modal) and for its prosodic boundary strength using the ToBI system. We found that glottalization is used regularly in phrase-final syllables, and marginally in phrase-initial syllables. We also found that speaking style had no effect on overall glottalization.
A Soluble Bone Morphogenetic Protein Extracted from Bone Matrix with a Mixed Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solvent

SummaryA soluble bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) along with other noncollage-nous proteins including only a relatively insignificant quantity of hydroxyproline-con-taining peptides were extracted from rabbit cortical bone by the action of an aqueous-nonaqueous solvent mixture. As it is bound by carbohydrate recognition and hydropho-bic interaction with Con A, BMP has an essential characteristic of a glycoprotein. When α-methyl mannoside and ethylene gly-col elutes of proteins bound to a Con-A column are implanted inside of double-walled diffusion chambers, deposits of cartilage and bone develop on the outside. While estimates of the quantity of BMP are less than 0.01% of the dry weight of bone matrix, it is possible to concentrate and purify a biologically active BMP by application of the principles of hy-drophobic protein chemistry.
Combining manual content analysis with computer-aided text analysis in an organizational diagnosis

Our principal research goal was to conduct an organizational diagnosis, regarding how call-center employees experience and manage caller conflict. Our results revealed specific methodological and t...
Assessment in Higher Education : Issues of Access, Quality, Student Development and Public Policy

Assessment in Higher Education brings together in one place most of the major issues confronting higher education in the 1990s. These include enhancing student access, development, and success in higher education; transforming admissions testing to meet expanding educational needs; resolving the politics of accountability by assessing quality outcomes of higher education; assuring fair assessment responsive to human diversity; and facing the technological future of higher education. An integrative thread that weaves through all of these issues is the concept of equity, especially as it bears on social justice in education and on fairness in assessment. Another integrative thread is the role of computer and multimedia technology not only in improving the efficiency and power of all the functions of higher education assessment, but also in revolutionizing the delivery of higher education itself.
Corneal Reaction to Viruses of Equine Encephalomyelitis after Intra-Ocular Injection.

ConclusionThe corneal edema and opacity resulting from intra-ocular injection of the virus of western equine encephalomyelitis in domestic rabbits occurs only in response to large amounts of virus. It appears to be analogous to the ocular response to influenza virus, which has been attributed to toxic properties of the virus. An entirely similar ocular reaction has been induced by injection of equine encephalomyelitis virus of the eastern type. Limited growth of equine encephalomyelitis virus may occur in the eye but is not a significant factor in the described reaction.
Rule and Instance Based Strategies in Expert Judgment

Expert judgment has been conceived in contrasting ways. The naturalistic decision making (NDM) paradigm has put forth a largely instance-based account, viewing experts as relying on a storehouse of cases, such as in the recognition-primed decision (RPD) model. Cognitive psychology has instead advanced largely heuristicor rule-based accounts, such as in the lens model and fast-and-frugal heuristics. To clarify the relationship between these accounts, we performed two experiments in which novices and experts performed a task explicitly designed to reveal signatures in the data of the use of both ruleand instancebased strategies. Modeling revealed that expert judgment benefited from both the use of linear cueweighting rules and instance memory. Instance memory use was reflected in experts’ (but not novices’) ability to handle task nonlinearity, and the finding that expert accuracy across instances was positively correlated with the number of times each instance was historically seen in past experiences.
Data analysis in dynamic photoelasticity

A method to separate the principal stresses and to obtain displacements from dynamic photoelastic fringe patterns is presented. The method utilizes geometric characteristics of either the model or the stress wave to provide the additional equation necessary for separation. The method is illustrated in ten specific cases.
The Antitussive and Expectorant Effects of Mangifera Leaves Extract

ObjectiveTo investigate the antitussive and expectorant effect of Mango leaves extract on mice with cough.Methods The extract was separated from Mango leaves using distilled water and ethanol as solvents.An antitussive and expectorant test was performed on mice with cough induced by ammonia water.Results The Mango leaves extract was effective on mice with cough,in comparison with the control group,there was statistically significant difference(P0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Mango leaves extract has significant antititussive and expectorant efficacy.
Aspects of chest imaging in the intensive care unit.

Portable chest radiographs in the intensive care unit are an indispensable tool for the clinician in light of the frequent treatment alterations that occur based on radiographic findings. Accurate interpretations depend on a comprehensive assessment of multiple cardiovascular physiologic parameters and the ability to distinguish between different types of pulmonary opacification such as atelectasis, infection, aspiration, and the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) syndrome.
Estimating index of refraction from polarimetric hyperspectral imaging measurements

Current material identification techniques rely on estimating reflectivity or emissivity which vary with viewing angle. As off-nadir remote sensing platforms become increasingly prevalent, techniques robust to changing viewing geometries are desired. A technique leveraging polarimetric hyperspectral imaging (P-HSI), to estimate complex index of refraction, N(ν), an inherent material property, is presented. The imaginary component of N(ν) is modeled using a small number of "knot" points and interpolation at in-between frequencies ν. The real component is derived via the Kramers-Kronig relationship. P-HSI measurements of blackbody radiation scattered off of a smooth quartz window show that N(ν) can be retrieved to within 0.08 RMS error between 875 cm-1 ≤ ν ≤ 1250 cm-1. P-HSI emission measurements of a heated smooth Pyrex beaker also enable successful N(ν) estimates, which are also invariant to object temperature.
In vitro characterization of biofilms formed by Kingella kingae.

Summary The Gram-negative bacterium Kingella kingae is part of the normal oropharyngeal mucosal flora of children under four years old. K. kingae can enter the submucosa and cause infections of the skeletal system in children including septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. The organism is also associated with infective endocarditis in children and adults. Although biofilm formation has been coupled with pharyngeal colonization, osteoarticular infections, and infective endocarditis, no studies have investigated biofilm formation in K. kingae. In this study we measured biofilm formation by 79 K. kingae clinical isolates using a 96-well microtiter plate crystal violet binding assay. We found that 37/79 strains (47%) formed biofilms. All strains that formed biofilms produced corroding colonies on agar. Biofilm formation was inhibited by proteinase K and DNase I. DNase I also caused the detachment of pre-formed K. kingae biofilm colonies. A mutant strain carrying a deletion of the pilus gene cluster pilA1pilA2fimB did not produce corroding colonies on agar, autoaggregate in broth, or form biofilms. Biofilm forming strains have higher level of pilA1 expression. The extracellular components of biofilms contained 490 μg/cm2 of protein, 0.68 μg/cm2 of DNA, and 0.4 μg/cm2 of total carbohydrates. We concluded that biofilm formation is common among K. kingae clinical isolates, and that biofilm formation is dependent on the production of proteinaceous pili and extracellular DNA. Biofilm development may have relevance to the colonization, transmission, and pathogenesis of this bacterium. Extracellular DNA production by K. kingae may facilitate horizontal gene transfer within the oral microbial community. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
VoiceXML‐Enabled Intelligent Mobile Services

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Related Work A Scenario of using the Voice System Architecture of the Voice System User Session States Application Variables Available user Session States Usability Experiments Conclusion and Future Work References
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Addiction Treatment: Preliminary Evidence as a Biomarker of Treatment Response

There is growing evidence that there are functional changes in the brains of individuals with substance use disorders. Numerous studies utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have shown that drug cues elicit increased regional blood flow in reward-related brain areas among addicted participants that is not found among normal controls. This finding has prompted leading investigators to suggest fMRI might be useful as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of addiction severity. However, fMRI is too costly for routine use in most treatment facilities. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRs) offers an alternative neuroimaging modality that is safe, affordable, and patient-friendly. This manuscript reviews evidence that fNIRs can be used to differentiate prefrontal cortical responses of current alcohol dependent participants from alcohol dependent patients in treatment for 90-180 days. Differential responses to both alcohol and natural reward cues in both groups suggests fNIRs might serve as a clinic-friendly neuroimaging technology to inform clinical practice.
An Excel-Based System to Manage Radiation Safety for the Family of Patients Undergoing 131I Therapy

The purpose of this study was to develop spreadsheet workbooks that assist in the radiation safety counseling of 131I therapy patients and their families, providing individualized guidelines that avoid imposing overly conservative restrictions on family members and others. Methods: The mathematic model included biphasic patient radionuclide retention. The extrathyroidal component was a cylindric volume with a diameter corresponding to the patient’s size and included patient self-absorption, whereas the thyroidal component was a point source whose transmission was reduced by self-absorption. A separate model in which the thyroid, extrathyroid, and bladder compartments fed serially from one to the next was developed to depict the radionuclide levels within the patient and to estimate the activity entering the environment at each urination. Results: The system was organized into a set of 4 workbooks: the first to be used with ablation patients prepared using thyrogen, the second with ablation patients prepared by deprivation, the third with hyperthyroid patients, and the fourth with the unusual hyperthyroid patient who finds the restrictions to be oppressive and returns 5–10 d after administration for a measurement and reassessment. The workbooks evaluated the radiation field strength external to the patient and indicated restrictions based on selected dose limits. To assist physicians in suggesting contamination precautions, the workbooks also evaluated the radioactivity present within the patient and the estimated discharge into the environment as a function of time. Conclusion: The workbooks that were developed assist the radiation safety counselor in individualizing radiation protection procedures for the family of patients undergoing 131I therapy. The workbook system avoids overly conservative assumptions while permitting selection of appropriate dose limits for each individual.