cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease: the University of Florida experience.

Abstract Purpose: To assess the long-term outcomes and late effects of patients with subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease. Methods and Materials: Twenty-one patients with Stage I and II subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease were treated with curative intent between February 1966 and February 1998 at the University of Florida. Patient characteristics were as follows: mean age, 38.7 years (range, 3–75 years); 20 males and 1 female; 33% lymphocyte predominant, 43% nodular sclerosing, 14% mixed cellularity, 5% lymphocyte depletion, and 5% unclassified Hodgkin's disease. Treatment included inverted Y irradiation (InY) (8 patients), total nodal irradiation (TNI) (7 patients), and combined modality irradiation and chemotherapy (CMT) (6 patients). Median follow-up was 12.3 years (range, 3.1–33.6 years). Results: Progression-free survival and overall survival were 80% and 70%, respectively, at 10 years. There were no deaths from Hodgkin's disease. Treatment failures occurred in 1 of 8 patients after InY, 1 of 7 after TNI, and 1 of 6 after CMT. Two of 3 recurrences were in patients with 3 or more sites of involvement and/or splenic involvement; 1 was in-field. There were 5 second malignant neoplasms and 3 cardiac events, including 4 second malignant neoplasms and 2 cardiac events in the 9 patients ≥40 years old at diagnosis and 1 second malignant neoplasm and 1 cardiac event in the 12 patients Conclusions: Subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease is an uncommon manifestation with excellent disease control achieved with InY, TNI, and CMT. This subgroup of patients with Hodgkin's disease is predominantly male and older than subgroups with other presentations, which may predispose the group to a higher risk for serious adverse events after treatment. We recommend InY with spleen for clinical Stages IA and nodular sclerosis or lymphocyte-predominant clinical Stage IIA, InY alone for pathologic Stages IA and IIA, and CMT for all Stage I/II patients with greater than three involved sites, B symptoms, bulky disease (>6 cm), central (para-aortic) presentation, or splenic involvement.
Devaluation risk and the business-cycle implications of exchange-rate management

Abstract What is the mechanism driving the business cycle associated with stabilization policies anchored on managed exchange rates? Perfect-foresight models used extensively to try to answer this question have been unable to explain key quantitative features of the data. To do so it is necessary to consider devaluation risk in an environment of incomplete insurance markets in which stochastic price and wealth distortions operate. Simulations applied to Mexican data show that these distortions are large and socially costly, and that they rationalize several stylized facts. These findings suggest focusing the debate on exchange-rate regimes on the credibility of policymakers and the stance of fiscal policy.
Translocation and Metabolism of Leaf Applied Hexachlorophene in Peanuts

Translocation, distribution, metabolism and photolysis of hexachlorophene (HCP) were investigated in peanut plants (Arachis hypogea L., Spanish type) grown under standardized conditions and treated with l4C-ring-labeled HCP. Treatment time ranged from 0–114 days. Autoradiographic analyses were performed on all plants. Selected plant tissues were extracted and chromatographed, using both thin layer and gas liquid chromatography. No translocation of HCP was detected in the plant tissue. No HCP metabolites were found. Some HCP was lost from the leaves and inert controls at a specific rate per unit time. The rates were slightly different, being slower on the leaves than on the controls. At the end of the 114-day treatment and based on regression analysis of thin layer chromatographic plates, an average of 68% of the applied HCP remained unaltered on the treated plants and an average of 77% remained on the controls. This indicated that, respectively, 32 and 23% of the original HCP had been altered. This 9% difference was statistically significant. Upon further analyses of the above data, using gas chromatographic methods, as many as 14 peaks were found in the treated samples and the controls, including some parent material. Ultraviolet photolysis seems to be the mechanism responsible for alteration of the HCP on the treated plants and controls. Two photolysis products have been identified by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectral analysis. Twelve other electrophylic compounds have been found in various treated plant or control extracts. Further analyses will be necessary to verify the identification and quantification of the other degradation products.
APPREHENSION ABOUT COMMUNICATION AND SELF-ACCEPTANCE: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY

Summary.-To test whether apprehension about communication increases as self-acceptance decreases, data were gathered from 118 adult subjects. Scores of 37 subjects fell into high and low ranges of apprehension and self-acceptance. Of these, 21 subjects (56.8%) scored in the range of high apprehension and low self-acceptance. A significant correlation of - .68 was found between apprehension about communication and self-acceptance. Apprehension about communication, similar to shyness, timidity, and reticence, is a debilitating fear or nnxiety about the involvement in oral communication (3). The far-reaching effect includes difficulty of maintaining relationships with others and abnormal choices of lifestyle (6, 7). Such pervasive effects suggest the need of isolating components of the apprehension which may be altered to alleviate this fear. Personality correlates of persons experiencing apprehension about communication indicate that selfacceptance may be an important component in the positive or negative attitude toward self and communication.
Professionalism as an Agent of Legitimation

Journalistic practices so limit access to the media that they have become “a means not to know.”
Optical Phenomena Associated with the Shock Compression of Sodium Chloride and Potassium Bromide

Optical Phenomena Associated with the Shock Compression of Sodium Chloride and Potassium Bromide
Five-dimensional trinification improved

We present improved models of trinification in five dimensions. Unified symmetry is broken by a combination of orbifold projections and a boundary Higgs sector. The latter can be decoupled from the theory, realizing a Higgsless limit in which the scale of exotic massive gauge fields is set by the compactification radius. Electroweak Higgs doublets are identified with the fifth components of gauge fields and Yukawa interactions arise via Wilson loops. The result is a simple low-energy effective theory that is consistent with the constraints from proton decay and gauge unification.
Grating-assisted phase matching in extreme nonlinear optics

We propose a new technique for phase-matching frequency upconversion into the X-ray region. High harmonic generation in the presence of a weak counter-propagating quasi-CW beam is equivalent to low-order harmonic generation via grating-assisted phase-matching.
Spectator sports and terrorist reports: filming the Munich Olympics, (re)imagining the Munich Massacre

Drawing upon the writings of Benedict Anderson, Hayden White and Robert Rosenstone, this essay compares and contrasts three feature-length films dealing with a historically significant event and it...
SPACES OF WEIGHTED MEASURES FOR CONSERVATION LAWS WITH SINGULAR SHOCK SOLUTIONS

Abstract We study a model system of two strictly hyperbolic conservation laws which is genuinely nonlinear but for which the Riemann problem has no global solution. Singular solutions are defined by means of a generalized Rankine-Hugoniot relation and an overcompressive condition on the discontinuity. We show that approximate solutions which can be constructed by several standard methods converge in a weighted measure space and that the error in the approximation converges to zero. Viscous approximations satisfy approximate entropy inequalities which imply the overcompressive condition.
Insertion sequence elements in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis.

Two variants of insertion sequence IS231, named IS231G and H, were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-E-10-2 (BTD2), an isolate toxic to dipteran insects, and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. They are encoded consecutively as direct repeats on an EcoRI fragment of 5.6 kilo base pairs. Direct tandem repeats of IS231 elements have not been previously reported. Both elements are closely related to other members of the IS231 family that have been isolated from B. thuringiensis strains toxic to lepidopteran as well as to dipteran insects. A close correlation exists between the evolutionary relationships of the IS231 sequences determined to date and the toxicity spectrum of the host cell. Probing of BTD2 DNA with a radiolabeled IS231G fragment demonstrated that IS231 elements are located on 55- and 34-MDa plasmids as well as on chromosomal DNA. Chromosomal DNA, but not plasmids, from BTD2 also hybridizes to another, unrelated insertion sequence, IS240, from B. thuringiensis sub...
Synthesis and solution conformation studies of 3-substituted uridine and pseudouridine derivatives

A series of 3-substituted uridine and pseudouridine derivatives, based on the naturally occurring 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) modification, were synthesized. Their aqueous solution conformations were determined by using circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy. Functional group composition and chain length were shown to have only a subtle influence on the distribution of syn/anti conformations of the modified nucleosides. The dominating factor appears to be the glycosidic linkage (C- vs. N-glycoside) in determining the nucleoside conformation.
The natural topology of Matlis reflexive modules

R = M.For the rest of this article R will denote a complete local ring. In this case,finitely generated and artinian .R-modules are Matlis reflexive. Also, M is an artinian(noetherian) .R-module if and only if M" is noetherian (artinian). This is the essenceof what is commonly known as "Matlis duality". See [6, Corollary 4.3, p.528] for moredetails. The main results of Matlis [6] are nicely presented in Matsumura's recent book[7].Enochs [5, Proposition 1.3, p.181] has shown that an .R-module M is Matlis reflex-ive if and only if M has a finitely generated submodule 5 such that M/S is artinian.This characterisation has proved to be very useful. For example, in [2] it was usedto show that if M and N are Matlis reflexive iZ-modules, then so are Homfl(M,JV),M ®fl N, and more generally Ext£ (M, N) and Tor£ (M, N) for all n ^ 1.In section 2 we use this characterisation to define a linear topology on a Matlisreflexive .R-module M, which we call the Matlis topology, or the natural topology ofthe Maths reflexive .R-module M. This topology is a generalisation of the usual m-adictopology in the sense that these two topologies coincide when M is finitely generated.For general references on linear topologies and completions, see [1, 3, or 7]. In Section
Simultaneous HRR feature extraction and Doppler shift estimation of moving target with rigid bodies

High Range Resolution (HRR) Moving Target Indicator (MTI) is becoming increasingly important for many military and civilian applications involving the detection and classification of moving targets in the clutter background. For ground-based HRR radar, when targets are moving slowly or near-broadside and the coherent processing interval (CPI) (or dwell time) is not too long, the effects of range migration and range feature distortion can be ignored. Based on the above assumptions, relaxation-based algorithms, which are robust and computationally simple, are proposed in this paper for the HRR feature extraction of moving targets consisting of scatterers very closely spaced in range and common Doppler shift in the presence of stationary clutter. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithms exhibit super resolution and excellent estimation performance.
Effects of a Program Based on the Token Test for Teaching Comprehension Skills to Aphasics

A programmed training task based on the token test was designed and administered to 24 adult aphasics. The point at which the patient failed the token test determined where he began the program and...
The effect of marker variability on the discrimination of temporal intervals

This research investigates the human observer’s ability to discriminate between the durations of two silent intervals, each interval preceded and followed by noise bursts called markers. The markers are separated by T or T + ΔT′ msec and T ranges from 0.3 to 1,000 msec. ΔT is defined as that value of ΔT′ for which the probability of discriminating T from T + ΔT′ is 0.75. We compared the value of AT for conditions in which the markers were fixed in amplitude and duration with conditions in which the marker amplitudes and durations were randomly chosen. ΔT increased by as much as a factor of 4 when the amplitude and duration of the markers were randomized. The performance decrement was primarily due to randomizing the first marker duration.
Integrative Strategies for Treating Internet Sexuality A Case Study of Paraphilias

This article introduces strategies for deepening the understanding of paraphilias and the therapeutic process of treating them. The case study explores a young man's compulsive sexual fantasies over the Internet, his compulsive masturbation, and his pedophilic and paraphilic fantasies as adaptations from early developmental conflicts. A therapeutic process supports this young man's understanding of his rejection of himself and promotes acceptance of developmentally appropriate and integrated sexual expression. In particular, this case discussion addresses three aspects in them ultiplicity of one's sexuality: the sexual self, the “voices” of sexuality, and the “dance” of sexuality. Additionally, management of transference and countertransference are discussed as means of strengthening the therapeutic alliance.
Inhibitors of Different Structure Induce Distinguishing Conformations in the Omega Loop, Cys69–Cys96, of Mouse Acetylcholinesterase

We have shown previously that association of reversible active site ligands induces a conformational change in an omega loop (Ω loop), Cys69–Cys96, of acetylcholinesterase. The fluorophore acrylodan, site-specifically incorporated at positions 76, 81, and 84, on the external portion of the loop not lining the active site gorge, shows changes in its fluorescence spectrum that reflect the fluorescent side chain moving from a hydrophobic environment to become more solvent-exposed. This appears to result from a movement of the Ω loop accompanying ligand binding. We show here that the loop is indeed flexible and responds to conformational changes induced by both active center and peripheral site inhibitors (gallamine and fasciculin). Moreover, phosphorylation and carbamoylation of the active center serine shows distinctive changes in acrylodan fluorescence spectra at the Ω loop sites, depending on the chirality and steric dimensions of the covalently conjugated ligand. Capping of the gorge with fasciculin, although it does not displace the bound ligand, dominates in inducing a conformational change in the loop. Hence, the ligand-induced conformational changes are distinctive and suggest multiple loop conformations accompany conjugation at the active center serine. The fluorescence changes induced by the modified enzyme may prove useful in the detection of organophosphates or exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors.
Accuracy of long head of the biceps subluxation as a predictor for subscapularis tears.

Purpose The aim of this study is to understand the relation between long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) subluxation and full-thickness tears of the subscapularis. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 94 patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy were evaluated preoperatively for the presence or absence of LHBT subluxation. Intraoperative pathology of the biceps and subscapularis tendons was recorded. The diagnostic accuracy of LHBT subluxation on preoperative MRI in determining full-thickness subscapularis tendon tears was calculated. Results Of the 94 patients in this study, 26 were diagnosed with LHBT subluxation preoperatively. Of these 26 patients, 9 were confirmed to have full-thickness tears of the subscapularis tendon (Lafosse grade 2 or higher). Of the remaining 68 patients who did not appear to have LHBT subluxation preoperatively, 2 were confirmed to have full-thickness tears of the subscapularis tendon. Thus LHBT subluxation on MRI as a predictor for full-thickness subscapularis tears had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 80%, positive predictive value of 35%, and negative predictive value of 97%. LHBT subluxation was directly correlated with the severity of the subscapularis tendon tear ( P Conclusions The diagnostic value of subluxation of the LHBT, as seen on an axial MRI scan, lies primarily in its negative predictive value. If the LHBT is not subluxated, it is unlikely that a full-thickness tear of the subscapularis tendon is present. Surgeons should be cautious about relying on biceps subluxation as a primary diagnostic tool in predicting subscapularis tears. Level of Evidence Level IV, study of diagnostic test.
Computed tomography mimics of acute appendicitis: predictors of appendiceal disease confirmed at pathology.

Purpose: Imaging and pathology findings are used to analyze the capability of computed tomography (CT) to distinguish between acute appendicitis and radiological mimickers. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 5861 patients undergoing abdominopelvic CT from 2000 to 2008 for suspicion of acute appendicitis was performed. Appendix diameter, surrounding inflammation, appendicolith, and location were assessed. Only those cases were included where patients underwent surgery for acute appendicitis on CT findings. Pathology specimens were examined and those indicative of acute appendicitis were identified. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate pathology and CT signs. Results: A total of 969 of the 5681 patients were included in the study. Acute appendicitis was verified in 870/969 (89%) cases, while 99/969 (11%) demonstrated either chronic findings (i.e., fibrosis [32%], granulomatous disease [16%], lymphoid hyperplasia [11%]) or no abnormality. In regression models, appendiceal diameter >7 mm (odds ratio [OR] = 3.98, P < 0.0001) and mesenteric fat stranding (OR = 6.04, P < 0.0001) were associated with acute appendicitis. Nearly 87% (754/870) of acute appendicitis cases showed both signs on CT, compared with 53% (52/99) of those with other pathologic finding (P < 0.0001). In cases with non-appendicitis findings, 39% (39/99) had only one of these signs compared with 13% (112/870) of those with acute appendicitis (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Diseases of the appendix other than acute appendicitis may manifest with isolated radiological findings and should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in cases of borderline acute appendicitis.
Benign medullary fibroma of the kidney.

Renomedullary interstitial cell tumor or benign medullary fibroma is rare, although they have been reported in 26% to 42% of cases at autopsy, ranging in size from 0.1 to 0.3 cm. 1 There is a report in the literature of an 8 cm. lesion. 2 Benign fibromatous tumors have been described in other urogenital sites, such as the testis and paratesticular soft tissues. 3 We report on a patient presenting with right upper abdominal pain who had a right renal mass that proved to be benign medullary fibroma on histological examination. CASE REPORT
Accounting Students: Secondary-Level Study and Academic Performance and Characteristics

(1991). Accounting Students: Secondary-Level Study and Academic Performance and Characteristics. Journal of Education for Business: Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 244-250.
Comparison Of Damage Profiles Obtained By Angle Lapping/Staining And Cross-Sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy

Research has been conducted in an attempt to correlate the results obtained by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) to data obtained by angle lapping/ staining (ALS) or Secco etching of various ion implanted specimens. The results indicate that while the stain nearly always delineates the damage or amorphous/crystalline interface, it cannot distinguish between heavily damaged and amorphous regions. An unexpected result was the delineation of deep bands in the implanted wafers 2 to 11 times the LSS projected implantation range (Rp). These bands were found to occur in both neutral and dopant implants and their depth was found to be a mild function of dose but strong functions of temperature and implant ion mass.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaluación de la severidad y decisiones quirúrgicas en las valvulopatías

En los ultimos anos, el mejor conocimiento de la historia natural de las enfermedades valvulares, y los avances en las tecnicas quirurgicas han permitido mejorar el pronostico de los pacientes con enfermedad valvular cardiaca. El diagnostico por la imagen, especificamente la ecocardiografia Doppler, constituye en la actualidad la tecnica de eleccion para establecer el diagnostico y el pronostico de los pacientes valvulares. En consecuencia, hoy dia, la toma de decisiones clinicas en las valvulopatias se basa en gran medida en la combinacion del estado sintomatico y de los hallazgos ecocardiograficos. En el presente articulo se resumen las principales aplicaciones de la tecnica con este objetivo y se proponen algoritmos terapeuticos en las principales enfermedades valvulares.Asimismo, se propone la posible aplicacion de las nuevas tecnicas de imagen surgidas en los ultimos anos y se revisa el estado actual de las normas de actuacion clinica.
Annual Cycle of Serum Gonadal Steroids and Serum Lipids in Striped Mullet

Abstract Monthly and seasonal changes in serum concentrations of testosterone in males, estrogens (estradiol and estrone) in females, and total lipids and cholesterol in both sexes of striped mullet Mugil cephalus were measured by radioimmunoassay (testosterone and estrogens) or colorimetry (lipids and cholesterol). Concentrations of testosterone or estrogens were significantly correlated with gonadosomatic indexes of the respective sex. Resting concentrations were 130 pg/ml serum testosterone and 155 pg/ml serum estrogens from March to September. Peak concentrations of testosterone (10.10 ng/ml) and estrogen (4.50 ng/ml) occurred in November. Gonadal steroid concentrations were at prespawn levels in spent fish caught in December. Both sexes showed a seasonal cycle of serum total lipids and cholesterol. A rapid decline in serum total lipids that occurred just prior to offshore migration and reproductive development (September) may reflect a period of body fat deposition. A subsequent rise in total lipids ...
Weight Stigmatization in Children

This study was designed to examine weight stigmatization among Hispanic American children. Fifty-five fifth grade students from a large, urban school district in Southern California were asked to rank six samesex drawings of children with various physical characteristics (related to weight or disability) in order of friend preference (1 = the most preferred, and 6 = the least preferred friend). Positive and negative adjectives were then assigned to the average-weight and obese drawings using the Adjective Checklist (ACL). The majority of the participants (60%) chose the average-weight child as the most preferred and 46% identified the obese child as the least preferred friend. In addition, the average-weight child was assigned more positive and fewer negative adjectives compared to the obese child. Significant differences in ACL composite scores between normal weight and overweight drawings were also found (p = 0.00). It appears that weight stigmatization is present in the current sample, which suggests that Hispanic children living in the U.S. may adopt negative attitudes about weight that are similar to American culture.
Another Characterization of Parabolic Subgroups

Let G be a reductive algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field k. Let H be a closed connected subgroup of G containing a maximal torus T of G. In [13] it was shown (at least in characteristic zero) that the parabolic subgroups of G can be characterized among all such subgroups H by a certain finiteness property of the induction functor (-)Iz and its derived functors Lk,G(-). This theme is continued in the present paper, where it is shown that the parabolic subgroups can be characterized by yet another familiar property of the induction functor, at least in characteristic zero. We also obtain several results which are independent of the characteristic by added hypotheses on H, or by using the restriction functor
Output characteristic function for an analog crosscorrelator with bandpass inputs

An analysis is presented of an ideal two-channel cross-correlator in which each channel input consists of a deterministic signal combined additively with stationary Gaussian noise. It is assumed that all input quantities are bandlimited to some common passband, 0 , with angular bandwidth \Omega > 0 . Moreover, the random noises n_{1}(t) and n_{2}(t) are assumed jointly normal with crosscorrelation function E[n_{1}(t)\cdot n_{2}(t+ \tau)] independent of t . After multiplication of the two composite inputs, the product process is passed through an ideal lowpass filter to produce the correlator output, G(t) . The main result of the paper is an explicit determination of the characteristic function of G(t) in closed form. This extends previous work by D. C. Cooper [1], who considered the same model with sinusoidal signals and a restricted form of dependency between the Gaussian noises in the two channels. The more general derivation given here makes use of canonical representations for the bandpass input quantities and exhibits the system output as a quadratic form in the (Gaussian) quadrature components. A recent result of Yu. S. Lezin [6] on the output probability density of an autocorrelator with bandpass inputs is shown to be a special case of the analysis.
Recognizing Activities by Attribute Dynamics

In this work, we consider the problem of modeling the dynamic structure of human activities in the attributes space. A video sequence is first represented in a semantic feature space, where each feature encodes the probability of occurrence of an activity attribute at a given time. A generative model, denoted the binary dynamic system (BDS), is proposed to learn both the distribution and dynamics of different activities in this space. The BDS is a non-linear dynamic system, which extends both the binary principal component analysis (PCA) and classical linear dynamic systems (LDS), by combining binary observation variables with a hidden Gauss-Markov state process. In this way, it integrates the representation power of semantic modeling with the ability of dynamic systems to capture the temporal structure of time-varying processes. An algorithm for learning BDS parameters, inspired by a popular LDS learning method from dynamic textures, is proposed. A similarity measure between BDSs, which generalizes the Binet-Cauchy kernel for LDS, is then introduced and used to design activity classifiers. The proposed method is shown to outperform similar classifiers derived from the kernel dynamic system (KDS) and state-of-the-art approaches for dynamics-based or attribute-based action recognition.
Channel Temperature Analysis of GaN HEMTs With Nonlinear Thermal Conductivity

This paper presents an enhanced, closed-form expression for the thermal resistance, and thus, the channel temperature of AlGaN/gallium nitride (GaN) HEMTs, including the effect of the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of GaN and SiC or Si substrates. In addition, the expression accounts for temperature increase across the die-attach. The model’s validity is verified by comparing it with experimental observations. The model results also compare favorably with those from finite-element numerical simulations across the various device geometric and material parameters. The model provides a more accurate channel temperature than that from a constant thermal conductivity assumption; this is particularly significant for GaN/Si HEMTs where the temperature rise is higher than in GaN/SiC. The model is especially useful for device and monolithic microwave integrated circuit designers in the thermal assessment of their device design iterations against required performance for their specific applications.
Post- combustion carbon dioxide capture using electrochemically mediated amine regeneration

Electrochemically mediated amine regeneration is a new post-combustion capture technology with the potential to exploit the excellent removal efficiencies of thermal amine scrubbers while reducing parasitic energy losses and capital costs. The improvements result from the use of an electrochemical stripping cycle, in lieu of the traditional thermal swing, to facilitate CO2 desorption and amine regeneration; metal cations generated at an anode react with the amines, displacing the CO2, which is then flashed off, and the amines are regenerated by subsequent reduction of the metal cations in a cathode cell. The advantages of such a process include higher CO2 desorption pressures, smaller absorbers, and lower energy demands. Several example chemistries using different polyamines and copper are presented. Experimental results indicate an open-circuit efficiency of 54% (15 kJ per mole CO2) is achievable at the tested conditions and models predict that 69% efficiency is possible at higher temperatures and pressures. A bench scale system produced 1.6 mL min−1 CO2 while operating at 0.4 volts and 42% Faradaic efficiency; this corresponds to a work of less than 100 kJ per mole.
Neural networks for generation scheduling in power systems

A neural network for generation scheduling in power systems is presented. The network consists of two levels which correspond to different types of variables in the generation scheduling problem. The first level is a neural net which solves economic dispatch, a sub-problem in the generation scheduling problem. Its outputs indicate the power generation of generating units. The second level is a Boltzmann machine, a stochastic neural net which determines the off/on status of units. Simulation on a 20 generating-unit system shows that fast and optimal solutions can be obtained using the proposed neural network. >
Integration of the CASTLE Simulation Executive With Simulink

The Controls Analysis and Simulation Test Loop Environment (CASTLE) is a Navy in-house developed aircraft simulation executive application that has been in use at the Manned Flight Simulator (MFS) facility in Patuxent River, Maryland and elsewhere for over 15 years. In addition to supporting real-time hi-fidelity pilot-in-the-loop simulations in the MFS facility, CASTLE also includes integrated tools used for development and analysis of airframe simulations on various platforms. Much of the work with CASTLE includes exchanging and analyzing data with MATLAB® and Simulink®. In support of recent flight controls projects at Patuxent River, there was a requirement to integrate MATLABSimulink models with the CASTLE simulation. This led to the development of a new capability that enables a Simulink model to be modified and executed continuously with the CASTLE simulation, without having to exit and restart. The only interaction with CASTLE required by the user is to launch the specific airframe executable desired. Using an S-Function (System function) user definable block in Simulink, a MATLAB C-MEX file was created to interface Simulink with the CASTLE airframe using TCP/IP networking. In this scheme, when the Simulink model is executed and the SFunction block is called, a connection to CASTLE is established and a list of input and output variable names and values are sent for setup. The input values to the SFunction are then sent across the connection to the CASTLE airframe simulation. The simulation is then run through a simulation frame, halted, and output values requested are sent across the connection as the outputs to the S-Function block. This loop is continued for the duration of the Simulink model end run time, at which point the connection is terminated. In this manner, a hi-fidelity airframe simulation running under CASTLE can be used to develop, test and evaluate Simulink models of any type. Background The design of the CASTLE software is based on a C/C++ graphical user interface (GUI) and a C and FORTRAN airframe executive shell. The CASTLE environment was designed to be platform independent and is currently hosted on PC's running Microsoft Windows 98/NT/2000 operating system, DEC Alpha's running the VMS operating system, and SGI's running the Unix operating system. The design of the CASTLE software is very modular on several levels. It consists of several tasks running simultaneously, with the CASTLE GUI being the controlling entity of the simulation in most instances. Other processes include the actual airframe simulation, the plotting package and a 3D visualization software package. The airframe is used for analysis and development by simulation engineers and in real time pilot-in-the-loop simulations. These processes communicate via several methods, including local or global shared memory, and a TCP/IP protocol. In addition to these specific processes, CASTLE can communicate to other external processes by using either of these methods.
Design and performance of a multiwavelength airborne polarimetric lidar for vegetation remote sensing

The University of Nebraska has developed a multiwavelength airborne polarimetric lidar (MAPL) system to support its Airborne Remote Sensing Program for vegetation remote sensing. The MAPL design and instrumentation are described in detail. Characteristics of the MAPL system include lidar waveform capture and polarimetric measurement capabilities, which provide enhanced opportunities for vegetation remote sensing compared with current sensors. Field tests were conducted to calibrate the range measurement. Polarimetric calibration of the system is also discussed. Backscattered polarimetric returns, as well as the cross-polarization ratios, were obtained from a small forested area to validate the system's ability for vegetation canopy detection. The system has been packaged to fly abroad a Piper Saratoga aircraft for airborne vegetation remote sensing applications.
Damage detection using piezoelectric transducers and the Lamb wave approach: II. Robust and quantitative decision making

The propagation of Lamb waves generated by piezoelectric transducers in a one-dimensional structure has been studied comprehensively in part I of this two-paper series. Using the information embedded in the propagating waveforms, we expect to make a decision on whether damage has occurred; however, environmental and operational variances inevitably complicate the problem. To better detect the damage under these variances, we present in this paper a robust and quantitative decision-making methodology involving advanced signal processing and statistical analysis. In order to statistically evaluate the features in Lamb wave propagation in the presence of noise, we collect multiple time series (baseline signals) from the undamaged beam. A combination of the improved adaptive harmonic wavelet transform (AHWT) and the principal component analysis (PCA) is performed on the baseline signals to highlight the critical features of Lamb wave propagation in the undamaged structure. The detection of damage is facilitated by comparing the features of the test signal collected from the test structure (damaged or undamaged) with the features of the baseline signals. In this process, we employ Hotelling's T2 statistical analysis to first purify the baseline dataset and then to quantify the deviation of the test data vector from the baseline dataset. Through experimental and numerical studies, we systematically investigate the proposed methodology in terms of the detectability (capability of detecting damage), the sensitivity (with respect to damage severity and excitation frequency) and the robustness against noises. The parametric studies also validate, from the signal processing standpoint, the guidelines of Lamb-wave-based damage detection developed in part I.
Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Head Pain: Surgical Leads

Over the last 15 years, occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) has become one of the most commonly used neuromodulation procedures. Its indications today include occipital neuralgia, cervicogenic headaches, transformed migraines, cluster headaches, and even fibromyalgia. Most of the time, the ONS procedure involves percutaneous insertion of wirelike electrode leads but for a variety of reasons, this approach is plagued with a high rate of reoperation for migration. Some of these issues may be overcome by the use of surgical (paddle-like) electrode leads that provide unidirectional stimulation and are associated with lower migration rates. In this chapter, we review the current state of surgical lead use in ONS and discuss benefits and shortcomings of this choice of stimulation hardware.
Towards ensuring client-side computational integrity

Privacy is considered one of the key challenges when moving services to the Cloud. Solution like access control are brittle, while fully homomorphic encryption that is hailed as the silver bullet for this problem is far from practical. But would fully homomorphic encryption really be such an effective solution to the privacy problem? And can we already deploy architectures with similar security properties? We propose one such architecture that provides privacy, integrity and leverages the Cloud for availability while only using cryptographic building blocks available today.
Constitutive WNT/Beta-Catenin Signaling in Murine Sertoli Cells Disrupts Their Differentiation and Ability to Support Spermatogenesis

Sertoli and germ cell interactions are essential for spermatogenesis and, thus, male fertility. Sertoli cells provide a specialized microenvironment for spermatogonial stem cells to divide, allowing both self-renewal and spermatogenesis. In the present study, we used mice with a conditional activated allele of the beta-catenin gene (Ctnnb1(tm1Mmt)(/+)) in Sertoli cells expressing Cre recombinase driven by the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH; also known as Mullerian-inhibiting substance) type II receptor promoter (Amhr2(tm3(cre)Bhr)(/+)) to show that constitutively activated beta-catenin leads to their continuous proliferation and compromised differentiation. Compared to controls, Sertoli cells in mature mutant mice continue to express high levels of both AMH and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which normally are expressed only in immature Sertoli cells. We also show evidence that LiCl treatment, which activates endogenous nuclear beta-catenin activity, regulates both AMH and GDNF expression at the transcriptional level. The epididymides were devoid of sperm in the Amhr2(tm3(cre)Bhr)(/+);Ctnnb1(tm1Mmt)(/+) mice at all ages examined. We show that the mutant mice are infertile because of defective differentiation of germ cells and increased apoptosis, both of which are characteristic of GDNF overexpression in Sertoli cells. Constitutive activation of beta-catenin in Amhr2-null mice showed the same histology, suggesting that the phenotype was the result of persistent overexpression of GDNF. These results show that dysregulated wingless-related MMTV integration site/beta-catenin signaling in Sertoli cells inhibits their postnatal differentiation, resulting in increased germ cell apoptosis and infertility.
A Comparison of 10 and 14 Days of Lansoprazole Triple Therapy for Eradication of Helicobacter pylori

Background Data from large, multicenter, US studies determining the efficacy of triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori are lacking, especially for a treatment duration of less than 14 days. Methods Patients with H pylori infection and active duodenal ulcer disease or a history of duodenal ulcer disease within the past year were randomized to receive 30 mg of lansoprazole, 1 g of amoxicillin, and 500 mg of clarithromycin twice daily for 10 or 14 days. The primary efficacy end point was the eradication of H pylori as confirmed by negative histological and culture results at 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of treatment. Results Of 284 patients enrolled in the study from 46 US sites, 236 met the entry criteria. At 4 to 6 weeks after the end of therapy, H pylori was eradicated in 85% (96/113) of the patients receiving 14-day triple therapy and in 84% (103/123) of those receiving 10-day triple therapy by per-protocol analysis (95% confidence interval for treatment group differences,−10.5 to 8.1; P >.05). There was also no significant difference between the 14- and 10-day treatment groups when analyzed by an intent-to-treat analysis of H pylori eradication. A similar proportion of patients in each treatment group reported an adverse event related to therapy (34% [46/136] vs 38% [56/148], respectively). Conclusions In patients with an active or a recent history of duodenal ulcer, lansoprazole-based triple therapy for 10 or 14 days is highly effective in the eradication of H pylori . The duration of therapy may be reduced from 14 to 10 days without a significant effect on regimen efficacy.
Economic performance, cost economies and pricing behaviour in the US and Australian meat products industries

The cost and demand structures of meat products industries in the US and Australia from 1970 to 1991 are examined. Scale economies, technical change and trade impacts and output pricing behaviour are evaluated, using short- and longrun input cost and input and output demand elasticities. The greatest technological impacts stem from large-scale economies, which are similar across countries. Unit cost savings from output expansion involve capital investment and materials saving in the long run, although input-speci¢c patterns vary by country. Import competition appears to motivate capital expansion further. Finally, large mark-ups of price over marginal cost are found, which are consistent with low pro¢ts as a result of the underlying scale economies. An important issue that arises in any evaluation of the economic health of a sector or country is how technological and trade factors have motivated structural change and aiected economic performance. In many diierent contexts, economists have attempted to measure, evaluate and obtain policy implications of these factors and their impacts. Such questions may be particularly critical for analysis of the food system ^ including both the agricultural and food processing sectors. Although these issues may sound simple to motivate and address, the
Pluto images clinch the existence of water, methane, and life on this typical dark matter planet (Withdrawal Notice)

This paper was withdrawn by the publisher on 15 October 2015. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
FeoA and FeoC Are Essential Components of the Vibrio cholerae Ferrous Iron Uptake System, and FeoC Interacts with FeoB

The ferrous iron transport system Feo is widely distributed among bacterial species, yet its physical structure and mechanism of iron transport are poorly understood. In Vibrio cholerae, the feo operon consists of three genes, feoABC. feoB encodes an 83-kDa protein with an amino-terminal GTPase domain and a carboxy-terminal domain predicted to be embedded in the inner membrane. While FeoB is believed to form the pore for iron transport, the roles of FeoA and FeoC are unknown. In this work, we show that FeoA and FeoC, as well as the more highly conserved FeoB, are all required for iron acquisition by V. cholerae Feo. An in-frame deletion of feoA, feoB, or feoC eliminated iron acquisition. The loss of transport activity in the feoA and feoC mutants was not due to reduced transcription of the feo operon, suggesting that these two small proteins are required for activity of the transporter. feoC was found to encode a protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of FeoB, as determined using the BACTH bacterial two-hybrid system. Two conserved amino acids in FeoC were found to be necessary for the interaction with FeoB in the two-hybrid assay, and when either of these amino acids was mutated in the context of the entire feo operon, iron acquisition via Feo was reduced. No interaction of FeoA with FeoB or FeoC was detected in the BACTH two-hybrid assay.
The effect of controlled mild hypothermia on large scald burns in a resuscitated rat model

OBJECTIVE Early surface cooling of burns reduces pain, depth of injury and improves healing. We hypothesized that controlled mild hypothermia would also prolong survival in a fluid resuscitated rat model of large scald burns. METHODS Forty rats were anesthetized and a single full-thickness scald burn covering 40% of total body surface area was created on each of the rats. The rats were then randomized to hypothermia (n=20) or no hypothermia (n=20). Mild hypothermia (a reduction of 2°C) was induced with intraperitoneal 4°C normal saline and ice packs. After 2 hours of hypothermia, the rats were rewarmed back to their baseline temperature with a heating pad. The control rats received room temperature intraperitoneal saline. The difference in survival between the groups was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test. RESULTS Hypothermia was induced in all experimental rats within a mean of 22 minutes (95% confidence interval, 17 to 27). The number of normothermic and hypothermic rats that expired at each time interval were: at 1 hour, 4 vs. 0; at 10 hours, 2 from each group; at 24 hours, 0 vs. 1; at 48 hours, 2 vs. 2; at 72 hours, 1 vs. 1; and at 120 hours, 1 vs. 1 respectively. There were no differences in time to survival between the groups. CONCLUSION Induction of brief, mild hypothermia does not prolong survival in a resuscitated rat model of large scald burns.
Experimental Infection of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) with Pandemic 2009 H1N1 and Swine H1N1 and H3N2 Triple Reassortant Influenza Viruses

European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) are common peridomestic passerine birds that are often associated with domestic animal production facilities. This association provides a potential means for pathogen transmission between facilities. We inoculated European Starlings and House Sparrows with three nonavian influenza virus strains: two swine isolates (H1N1 and H3N2) and one human isolate representing the H1N1 pandemic strain that originated from swine. No viral shedding was observed in House Sparrows, and shedding was minimal and transient in two of 12 (17%) European Starlings. One of these two infected Starlings seroconverted 14 days after inoculation. These results suggest that these two passerine species are minimally susceptible to current influenza viruses in domestic pigs and therefore pose a negligible risk for transmission between or within swine production facilities.