cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Social Marketing Approach to Building a Behavioral Intervention for Congenital Cytomegalovirus

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection in the United States, causing permanent disabilities in more than 5,500 children born each year. In the absence of a vaccine, a promising means of prevention is through a behavioral intervention that educates women about CMV and promotes adherence to hygiene guidelines during pregnancy. Although effective behavioral interventions have been identified for other infectious diseases with similar transmission modes, current research has not yet identified an effective intervention for CMV. One way to gather evidence and identify key elements of a successful CMV intervention is through a social marketing approach. This article describes a five-step process for applying social marketing principles to the research and development, implementation, and evaluation of a CMV behavioral intervention.
An Analysis of Household Valuations and Preference Structures in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This paper applies a semi-logarithmic hedonic model to a sample of 1,115 households drawn from low-, moderate-, and upper-income regions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in order to measure household valuations of a variety of dwelling attributes. The results: 1) allow an assessment of the predictive power of the hedonic function; 2) enable a determination of whether the data provide sufficient information on housing conditions in Rio to make hedonic estimations worthwhile; and 3) provide an important spatial dimension which is useful in evaluating the relative importance of a variety of housing attributes to households located across income sub-regions in Rio. The study demonstrates the need to strategically design housing projects that are consistent with the preference structures of intended beneficiaries. This, in turn, should facilitate the design of more efficient and equitable cost recovery affordable housing programs in developing countries.
The Role of Out-of-Market Corrections in Day-Ahead Scheduling

In order to ensure a reliable and continuous supply of electric energy, operators must manage hundreds to thousands of generators with complex operating requirements, maintain synchronism, and manage thousands of transmission assets. Further complications arise due to stringent reliability standards, resource uncertainty, and limited economical energy storage. With advances in algorithmic performance and hardware, such optimization problems still require an engineered and simplified market structure. Market operators must therefore adjust the proposed market solution in order to obtain a valid solution. An overview of existing industry practices related to such market adjustments, referred to as out-of-market corrections, is presented. This paper also analyzes the market implications and required out-of-market corrections for the day-ahead scheduling process. Multiple out-of-market correction algorithms are created and used to analyze the potential impacts on market solutions and settlements. Finally, such solutions are compared against an extensive form stochastic unit commitment solution.
‘No fair, copycat!’: what children’s response to plagiarism tells us about their understanding of ideas

Adults believe that plagiarizing ideas is wrong, which requires an understanding that others can have ideas and that it is wrong to copy them. In order to test when this understanding emerges, we investigated when children begin to think plagiarism is wrong. In Study 1, children aged 7, 9 and 11 years old, as well as adults, disliked someone who plagiarized compared to someone who drew an original drawing or someone who drew an identical picture by chance. Study 2 investigated the same question with younger children, focusing on children aged 3–6 years old. Children aged 5–6 years old evaluated plagiarizers negatively relative to unique drawers, but 3–4-year-olds did not. Study 3 replicated the findings from Study 2 and found that children justify their negative evaluations of plagiarizers by mentioning concerns over copying. These experiments provide evidence that, by age 5 years old, children understand that others have ideas and dislike the copying of these ideas.
Pimecrolimus, a topical calcineurin inhibitor for atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin diseases

Pimecrolimus is a topical calcineurin inhibitor that demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties through selective inhibition of the skin’s immune system, with low potential for systemic immunosuppression. A large development program has shown that, when used twice daily from the first signs or symptoms of an exacerbation, pimecrolimus benefits the long-term management of atopic dermatitis by reducing the number of major flares and the need for topical corticosteroids. Additional studies have demonstrated the usefulness of pimecrolimus in other inflammatory skin diseases and investigation of the disease-modifying properties of pimecrolimus on atopic dermatitis and systemic manifestations of atopy is underway. Data from clinical studies indicate that pimecrolimus has a favorable safety profile, characterized by a lack of steroid-associated side effects, low incidence of local and systemic adverse events, low systemic absorption and lack of deleterious effects on the immune system.
DEVS namespace for interoperable DEVS/SOA

Interoperable DEVS modeling and simulation is desirable to enhance model composability and reusability with DEVS models and non-DEVS models in different languages and platforms. The barrier to such interoperability is that DEVS simulators implement the DEVS modeling formalism in diverse programming environments. Although the DEVS formalism specifies the same abstract simulator algorithm, different simulators implement the same abstract simulator in different ways. This situation inhibits interoperating DEVS simulators and prevents simulation of heterogeneous models. Service Oriented Architecture provides a flexible approach to interoperability than because it provides platform independence and employs platform-neutral message passing with Simple Object Access Protocol to communicate between a service and a client. The main contribution of this study is to design and implement an interoperable DEVS simulation environment using the SOA concept and a new construct called the DEVS message namespace. The interoperable DEVS environment consists of a DEVS simulator service and an associated integrator. Using the DEVS namespace, DEVS simulator services can be interoperable with other such services using the same message types.
Points and Lines: Thematic Parallelism in the Letter of James and the Testament of Job

This study re-examines the proverbial ‘patience of Job’, its function in the letter of James, and the hypothesis that the author derives the motif from the pseudepigraphical Testament of Job . Particular attention is paid to the use and abuse of the category of parallelism in the study of the NT and the literature of antiquity. While there is not sufficient evidence to settle the source-critical question, the recontextualization of the Job tradition in James sheds light on the relationship between eschatology and ethics in early Christianity and Hellenistic Judaism.
Fractal Dimensions of Music and Automatic Playlist Generation: Similarity Search via MP3 Song Uploads

We present an automated approach to music search and playlist generation based on fractal dimensions of music. We compute 372 power-law metrics per song capturing statistical proportions of musical material. Using attribute selection and principal component analysis, we have reduced these metrics to approximately 45 independent features. These have been shown to capture important aspects of music aesthetics and similarity. Through an audio-to-MIDI transcription process, users may upload MP3 songs as search queries, in real time. This new development enables construction of music recommendation systems, which may work with previously unknown music. Unlike Pandora, last.fm, and Genius, such systems will analyze the actual music (potentially like the human ear), as opposed to harvesting information from humans (e.g., websites, user preferences, or musicologist recommendations). This approach combines time-frequency and spectral processing, information retrieval and audio analysis, and music classification. We present two on-line demos, using corpora from Magnatune and 7digital.
High-frequency sequence stratigraphy from seismic sedimentology: Applied to Miocene, Vermilion Block 50, Tiger Shoal area, offshore Louisiana

We introduce a seismic-sedimentological approach for mapping high-frequency (fourth-order) sequences and systems tracts using well and three-dimensional seismic data. Key techniques include (1) conditioning seismic data to log lithology by 90 phasing for better well-log integration and (2) imaging and interpreting the sequential, planoform geomorphology of the depositional systems. We recommend a new interpretation procedure that shifts the emphasis of high-frequency sequence-stratigraphic studies from interpreting vertical seismic sections to analyzing more horizontal, high-resolution, seismic-geomorphologic information.This case study shows that stratal slicing in lithology-conditioned seismic data provides sequential seismic imagery of generally contemporaneous depositional systems. This imagery, in turn, serves as a basis for recognizing and mapping high-frequency systems tracts, sequence boundaries, and sequences in a geologic-time domain. In Miocene strata of offshore Louisiana, fourth-order sequences or sequence sets from well data can be seismically mapped at a resolution equivalent to 30 ft (10 m) in thickness from a 30-Hz dominant-frequency seismic data set. The resolution is sufficient for an accurate reconstruction of the high-frequency sequence-stratigraphic framework in the region of seismic coverage outside well control.
A retrospective investigation of energy efficiency standards: policies may have accelerated long term declines in appliance costs

We perform a retrospective investigation of multi-decade trends in price and life-cycle cost (LCC) for home appliances in periods with and without energy efficiency (EE) standards and labeling polices. In contrast to the classical picture of the impact of efficiency standards, the introduction and updating of appliance standards is not associated with a long-term increase in purchase price; rather, quality-adjusted prices undergo a continued or accelerated long-term decline. In addition, long term trends in appliance LCCs—which include operating costs—consistently show an accelerated long term decline with EE policies. We also show that the incremental price of efficiency improvements has declined faster than the baseline product price for selected products. These observations are inconsistent with a view of EE standards that supposes a perfectly competitive market with static supply costs. These results suggest that EE policies may be associated with other forces at play, such as innovation and learning-by-doing in appliance production and design, that can affect long term trends in quality-adjusted prices and LCCs.
Investigation of chromium nitridation using ion beam resonance analysis

We investigate the nitridation of chromium films in an NH3 ambient at 500°C. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry using 2.0 MeV He2+ was utilized to determine the compositions of thick reacted layers and to provide calibration for the other techniques. In addition, analysis was performed using the 14N(α,α)14N resonance at 3.72 MeV in order to enhance sensitivity to nitrogen. Sputter-deposited TiN was used as a calibration for the cross section a for this resonance over the energy range 3.05-3.85 MeV and compared to the literature value. We find that analysis just above the peak in the resonance provides excellent sensitivity to N concentration in the nitride layers. This approach may be readily used in conjunction with 2.0 MeV backscattering to determine the overall composition and sample configuration. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to provide more depth sensitivity in compositional profiling and to monitor the oxygen impurity distribution. X-ray diffraction was used to identify phases in both as-deposited and annealed films.
The sense of touch in the star-nosed mole: from mechanoreceptors to the brain

Star-nosed moles are somatosensory specialists that explore their environment with 22 appendages that ring their nostrils. The appendages are covered with sensory domes called Eimer's organs. Each organ is associated with a Merkel cell–neurite complex, a lamellated corpuscle, and a series of 5–10 free nerve endings that form a circle of terminal swellings. Anatomy and electrophysiological recordings suggest that Eimer's organs detect small shapes and textures. There are parallels between the organization of the mole's somatosensory system and visual systems of other mammals. The centre of the star is a tactile fovea used for detailed exploration of objects and prey items. The tactile fovea is over-represented in the neocortex, and this is evident in the modular, anatomically visible representation of the star. Multiple maps of the star are visible in flattened cortical preparations processed for cytochrome oxidase or NADPH-diaphorase. Star-nosed moles are the fastest known foragers among mammals, able to identify and consume a small prey item in 120 ms. Together these behavioural and nervous system specializations have made star-nosed moles an intriguing model system for examining general and specialized aspects of mammalian touch.
Preliminary study of wireless actuation and control of IPMC actuator

The EAP (Electro-Active Polymer) actuators have created an unique opportunity to design the robots that mimic the motion of biological systems due to its soft structure and operation at a low voltage. Although this polymer actuator has a strong potential for a next-generation artificial muscle actuator, it has been observed by many researchers that supplying actuation voltages in multiple location is challenging especially for small-scale robots. In many robotic applications, a tethered operation is prohibited and the weight of battery can be critical for actual implementation. In this research the remote unit can provide necessary power and control signals to the target mobile robot units actuated by EAPs. This research addresses a novel approach of using a wireless power link between the ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator and a remote control/power unit. In this study, microstrip patch antenna patterns are designed on the surface electrode of the IPMC for wireless transmission of the required power to actuate the IPMC. Also, frequency modulation of the microwave is proposed to selectively actuate the particular portion of the IPMC actuator where matching patch antenna pattern is located. This approach can be especially useful for a long-term operation of small scale locomotion units and avoids problems caused by complex internal wiring often observed in various types of biologically inspired robots. Several experiments are performed and show that the proposed approach can be useful for various remote power and control applications.
Cell-based assay for high-throughput quantitative screening of CFTR chloride transport agonists.

Drug discovery by high-throughput screening is a promising approach to develop new therapies for the most common lethal genetic disease, cystic fibrosis. Because disease-causing mutations of the cy...
Handedness: A Behavioral Laterality Manifestation

Why study handedness? In Western cultures hardly anyone pays attention to whether a person is rightor lefthanded. This was not always true: Not very long ago, in terms of human evolution, to be lefthanded was to be evil, mentally deficient, sickly, possessed, clumsy, oafish, or any combination of these. Now, most of the developed world knows better: Lefthanders, approximately 10% of the population, write with their left hand. Does it matter? Not really, but it is different and we, as scientists, are interested in lefthanders because we are particularly interested in things that differ from the norm.
A1 adenosine receptor-mediated Ins(1,4,5)P3 generation in allergic rabbit airway smooth muscle.

The signal transduction pathway for A1 adenosine receptor in airway smooth muscle from allergic rabbits was studied by investigating the effect of the selective A1adenosine-receptor agonistN 6-cycl...
Aging of Hepa Filters in Service and in Storage

HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE AIR (HEPA) FILTER: A throwaway, extended/pleated medium, dry-type filter with: (1) rigid casing enclosing the full depth ofthe pleats; (2) minimum particulate removal of 99.97% for thermally generated monodisperse dioctylphthalate(DOP) smoke particles or equivalent with a diameter of 0.3 plm; (3) maximum pressure drop of250 Pa (1.0 in wg) when clean and operated at rated airflow capacity; and (4) no area showing a penetration exceeding 0.01% when scan-tested with a polydisperse aerosol having a light scattering median size of 0.7 plm and a geometric standard deviation of2.4.
Growth and Structural Characterization of Znse Single Crystals

Single crystals of ZnSe have been grown by the physical vapor transport method in sealed quartz ampoules. The largest crystal grown measures 1 cm x 4 mm x 2 mm and required a total growing time of 11 days. Polished wafers cut from the crystals have been etched and examined by optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM). No impurities or unwanted phases were detected, but frequent twinning occurs. Zn-rich (111) faces were identified by SAM. Triangular etch pits are observed on Zn (111) faces but not on Se faces. Etch pit densities are about 104 per cm2 on slow-cooled samples but are about 100 times greater when cooling is more rapid.
Some factors which influence vesiculase action.

SummaryStudies are presented on the influence of temperature and of a number of chemical substances upon coagulation of proteins of the seminal vesicle secretion by the prostatic enzyme vesiculase. Experiments involving delayed addition of metal chelating agents and of heavy metal ions have shown that the coagulation process can be separated into two distinct stages.
The Mini C-Arm Adds Quality, Value, and Safety to the Pediatric Orthopaedic Clinic

The mini C-arm has become increasingly popular in the practice of orthopaedics. Recent trends in the literature report the mini C-arm as emitting a lower radiation dose to the physician and/or patient compared to x-rays and the large C-arm. Some authors, most recently Sumko, found that previous studies have underestimated radiation exposure from the mini C-arm. Radiation exposure with use of the mini C-arm has been previously studied in the emergency department, operating room, …
Hormones or hormonelike substances and the development and fertility of house flies.

After a method of evaluating the sterilizing effects of insect hormones or hormonelike compounds on Musca domestica L. was developed, 12 compounds were tested against the larval, pupal, and adult stages. Only one ( E )-4-[6,7-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-1,2-methyldioxy) benzene, produced marked sterility in males and females when adults were treated. However, when larvae were treated by immersion, a high degree of sterility was produced by 4-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethoxy]-1,2-(methylenedioxy) benzene in 1 test, by 1 of 2 tests by sesamex, and by ( E )-4-[(6,7-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-1,2-(methylenedioxy) benzene. High mortality occurred in all pupae treated with any compound that had sterilant activity, and the sterility was usually highly variable from test to test.
Nurse–physician collaboration in an academic medical centre: The influence of organisational and individual factors

ABSTRACTIneffective physician–nurse collaboration has been recognised to adversely impact patient and organisational outcomes, and some studies suggest an underlying factor may be that nurses and physicians have different perceptions of interprofessional collaboration (IPC). The objectives of this study were to evaluate for a difference in the perception of IPC between physicians and nurses and to explore potential contributing factors at the individual and organisational levels to any observed difference. Data including measures of perceptions of IPC were collected from a convenience sample of resident physicians (n = 47), attending physicians (n = 18), and nurses (n = 54) providing care for internal medicine patients in a large tertiary care academic medical centre. Regression analysis revealed significantly lower perceptions of IPC scores for nurses in comparison to the scores of both the resident and attending physician groups (p = .0001 for both). Although demographic and workload factors also differ...
Medrogestone: A Prospective Study in the Pharmaceuticalmanagement of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

AbstractMedrogestone is a progestational agent that may reduce outflow obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Five of 8 patients taking 15mg. oral medrogestone twice daily and 5 of 7 patients taking 7.5mg. oral medrogestone twice daily experienced an increase in mean urine flow (averaging 55.8 and 30.1 per cent, respectively), while no change was noted in 4 untreated patients. Five of the 8 patients taking 15mg. and 6 of the 7 patients taking 7.5mg. experienced an increase in peak urine flow (averaging 60 and 37.6 per cent, respectively), while 2 of the 4 controls had an improvement of only 12.2 per cent. Repetitive residual urines and digital examination were inaccurate to assay sequential changes in prostatic size. Certain side effects, such as hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance and impotence, were encountered in isolated patients but in no instance was the side effect hazardous to the health of the test reversed by withdrawal of the medication.
Yield and Gel Strength of Gelatin Extracted from Smoked Salmon (Salmo salar) Skins

The gelatin yield and gel strength of gelatin extracted from the skins of smoked salmon were determined. The skins had a crude protein content of 43.5 ± 1.2% and an estimated collagen content of 23...
Use of Entertainment Elements in an Online Video Mini-Series to Train Pharmacy Preceptors.

Objective. To create an entertaining approach to training pharmacy preceptors.Design. A training program was developed to provide an innovative, entertaining, and flexible continuing education program for pharmacy preceptors. Three instructional design principles – providing an authentic context, offering a diversity of content, and engaging and maintaining attention – were foundational to this concept. The mini-series consisted of 12 online video episodes. Participants completed three reflective questions and one evaluation after watching each episode. Three months following completion of the training, a survey was distributed to analyze the long-term impact of the mini-series on precepting skills.Assessment. Two hundred two participants completed all 12 episodes. After completing the training series, the participants’ confidence level in their knowledge pertaining to the objectives was significantly greater than before they started. Among the 32% of participants who responded to the three-month follow-u...
Women and Children in the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal

Disasters do not affect individuals and communities indiscriminately; indeed, some groups of people are more vulnerable before, during, and after the disaster. Globally, research has found that children, youth, and women are often more vulnerable to disasters due to fewer economic resources, lack of political voice, risk of sexual assault and exploitation, household labor responsibilities, and gender and age discrimination. In this paper we examine the experiences of women and children in Nepal, which was struck by a devastating earthquake and aftershock in the spring of 2015. We discuss how the disaster impacted their lives, including their shelter and housing, education, labor, personal safety, and health. In Nepal, as is the case elsewhere, some groups of women and children are even more vulnerable than others. Women and children with disabilities, those belonging to an ethnic or racial minority group, female-headed households, elderly women, and children separated from families, or without families, face particular risks. We consider how children and women were faring in Nepal a year after the earthquake and propose some recommendations to reduce losses in the future.
The War Beat, Europe: The American Media at War against Nazi Germany: Casey, Steven, New York: Oxford University Press 429 pp., $34.95, ISBN 9780190660628 Publication Date: April 2017

The War Beat, Europe, an intensively researched and comprehensive study of how American journalists covered the American army's campaigns in Europe during World War II, is a welcome addition to the...
Gestural Menus for Games

Menu techniques plays an important role in video games. Since response time and ease of use of a menu system can significantly affect user experience in applications such as video games, it is essential that they be fast, efficient, and not be a burden on the user while setting up and during play. This chapter presents work related to several gesture based menu systems available in literature. We also present a study which seeks to determine the usefulness of finger-count based menu system. Finger-count menus selects an item on screen based on the number of fingers extended by the user. The experiment compares finger-count based menus with several other menus including the 3D Marking menus.
The nature of the discontinuation syndrome associated with antidepressant drugs

A common phenomenon accompanying treatment with nearly every major class of antidepressant is the emergence of the discontinuation syndrome in some patients. It is seen most frequently after the abrupt cessation of agents with shorter half-lives. The term withdrawal has been used in the past; however, the distinctions between discontinuation symptoms and drug withdrawal are clear. Thus, the use of proper terminology when discussing this phenomenon with patients will help to alleviate concerns and stop the spread of common misperceptions. In addition, awareness of the unique nature of discontinuation effects and a grasp of the typical time frame of their emergence can assist in distinguishing between discontinuation syndrome and relapse. As a result, it is vital that both patients and their relatives, especially caregivers, be provided with adequate education and a realistic and objective appraisal of expected outcomes upon initiation of antidepressant treatment.
General anesthesia: management considerations in the trauma patient.

General anesthesia with control of airway and mechanical ventilation is frequently the best solution to anesthetize the critically injured patient. Besides controlled ventilation, the anesthesiologist must be concerned with shock resuscitation and avoiding drug-induced cardiovascular depression. A discussion of useful drugs and postanesthesia care is included in this article.
Differential Item Functioning and Male-Female Differences in a Large-Scale Mathematics Assessment in Trinidad and Tobago: An Examination of Standard 1 Mathematics Assessment

This study investigates gender differences and the existence of gender-related differential item functioning (DIF) in a large-scale Standard 1 mathematics assessment in Trinidad and Tobago. Although research consistently shows that mathematics scores for male students are usually higher than for female students at the secondary and tertiary level, the differences are not very clear at the primary level. Actually, results from this study show that female students performed slightly better than male students on this examination. Logistic regression procedure was used to detect DIF items, and the results show that about 17 percent of the items in the examination displayed gender-related DIF, however, for all DIF items the effect sizes were negligible.
Observations in Using Linear Stability Theory for 3-D Supersonic Boundary Layers

A rotating cone is used as a model of a swept wing in supersonic flow. The correlation of transition location (N=9) with non-dimensional parameters describing the crossflow profile is discussed. Transition location does not correlate with the traditional definition of crossflow Reynolds number. A new parameter that appears to correlate for adiabatic-wall boundary-layer flow on rotating cones at low supersonic Mach numbers has been found. Also, an increase of stagnation temperature is found to be only slightly stabilizing.
Portraying Protracted Conflict in the Entertainment Industry: The case of the Screen Actors Guild negotiations

Protracted conflicts are common and complex, and differ from other types of disputes because of their ongoing escalation, non-negotiable issues, unsuccessful interventions, and passage of time. Pri...
Transborder political ecology of mangroves in Senegal and The Gambia

Abstract Existing studies of mangroves in Senegal and The Gambia have found net increases in mangrove tree cover at the national scale, but these do not accord with local accounts and explanations of loss. This paper utilizes remote sensing analysis and political ecology frameworks to assess local accounts of mangrove wood trafficking across the border between The Gambia and southern Senegal, which were encountered in conducting qualitative field research. The remote sensing results demonstrate overall increases in mangrove cover in The Gambia and in the Sine Saloum and Low Casamance estuaries in Senegal between 1988 and 2018, but also highlight greater declines in mangrove cover in Low Casamance in the 1990s—a period of heightened regional political conflict—and in particular areas of the estuary near the Gambian and Guinea-Bissauan borders. Focusing on political ecology’s attention to multiple scales of analysis, this paper addresses divergent interpretations of mangrove changes in the region, and how local accounts of destruction may not be fully captured by the scale of observation and analysis in remote sensing. The paper argues for greater attention to spatial and temporal variation in studies of mangrove dynamics, and greater consideration for how these patterns may result from confluences of political, social, and natural factors.
MAJOR BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH EMBOLIC STROKE OF UNDETERMINED SOURCE TREATED WITH DABIGATRAN VERSUS ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (RE-SPECT ESUS TRIAL)

RE-SPECT ESUS™ offers an opportunity to evaluate factors associated with bleeding risk in patients with embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS) treated with dabigatran vs acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). RE-SPECT ESUS was a randomized, controlled trial (570 centers in 42 countries). Patients with ESUS
28 Mathematical Demography

Mathematical demography is the subfield of demography that is concerned with developing and refining measures and methods for studying population composition and change. Historically, demographers used population level data to compute measures of the key components of population change: fertility, mortality, and migration. However, the field has expanded considerably over the last half century to include predictors and consequences of demographic change. Sample data is now commonly used by demographers, and statistical methods are commonly used in conjunction with mathematical methods. In this chapter, we define key mathematical concepts that form the basis for historical and contemporary demographic analyses, including the population balancing equation and rates. We discuss the single decrement life table and its extensions to multiple decrements and multiple living states. Next, we discuss the stationary population theory that underlies life table computations and show its extension to stable and nonstable populations. Finally, we discuss several topics of contemporary concern, including population momentum, household projection methods, quantum and tempo adjustments, and methods for cohort analysis.
The Old and the New: Aging of Sea Spray Aerosol and Formation of Secondary Marine Aerosol through OH Oxidation Reactions

In this study, we have investigated the effect of hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation reactions on the formation and chemical composition of marine-derived aerosols. Marine aerosols can be classified i...
How Universal Is Disproportionate Minority Contact? An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice Processing Across Four States

The extent to which disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in the juvenile justice system varies across states remains largely unknown. Using a multijurisdictional sample of 146 counties across fo...
Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Sisters with LMNA Associated Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Objectives:LMNA-associated familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare autosomal dominant A-type laminopathy characterized by variable loss and redistribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue, dy...
Oil price forecasts and security analysts: evidence from the oil industry

This study examines the relation between the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) oil forecasts and analyst earnings forecasts for oil firms. Analyst forecast biases (revisions) are positiv...
Maternal blood glucose level and offspring glucose–insulin homeostasis: what is the role of offspring adiposity?

The aim of this work was to investigate the association of maternal HbA1c during mid-pregnancy with biomarkers of glucose–insulin homeostasis during early childhood (4–7 years of age) and to assess whether and how offspring adiposity at birth and at age 4–7 years mediates this relationship among 345 mother–child pairs in the Healthy Start Study. The exposure was maternal HbA1c (mmol/mol) measured at 20–34 gestational weeks and categorised into tertiles. The outcomes were offspring fasting glucose, 1/insulin, HOMA2-IR, and HOMA2-B at age 4–7 years. The mediators were per cent fat mass (%FM) at birth, %FM at age 4–7 years, and the sum of the two as a metric of cumulative adiposity. Mediation analyses were conducted via a counterfactual-based approach. All models accounted for maternal race/ethnicity, offspring age and sex. There was a significant total effect of maternal HbA1c on offspring glucose and 1/insulin. Specifically, we observed a positive trend across tertiles of HbA1c and offspring glucose (p trend <0.001), and an inverse trend across tertiles of HbA1c and offspring 1/insulin (p trend = 0.04). For instance, compared with offspring of women in the lowest tertile of HbA1c, those whose mothers were in the second and third tertiles had 0.04 mmol/l (95% CI −0.05, 0.13) and 0.17 mmol/l (95% CI 0.08, 0.26) higher fasting glucose concentrations at age 4–7 years, respectively. Adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI did not appreciably change the results. We found no evidence of mediation by offspring adiposity at any life stage. Offspring of women with higher HbA1c during pregnancy had higher fasting glucose and lower insulin sensitivity by early childhood. These relationships were largely unaffected by the child’s own adiposity.
Proteolytic cleavage of encephalomyocarditis virus capsid region substrates by precursors to the 3C enzyme.

Abstract Picornavirus protease 3C is normally released from its P3 precursor by two successive self-cleavage reactions. The free enzyme can then catalyze most of the remaining processing events within the viral polyprotein. To investigate the role of the 3C precursors in the processing cascade, we constructed cDNA clones which expressed genetically altered forms of the encephalomyocarditis P3 region in vitro. Site-specific substitutions were introduced into the Gln-Gly residues at the 3B-3C and 3C-3D junctions, and the resulting proteins were tested for their ability to self-process and to catalyze cleavage of viral capsid precursors in cell-free protease assays. We determined that three P3 region precursor proteins (3ABC, 3CD, and P3), harboring inactive cleavage sites, were as active as the free enzyme (3C) in processing assays with capsid substrates. Further, we found that in addition to the naturally occurring Gln-Gly and Gln-Ser amino acid pairs, the encephalomyocarditis 3C enzyme was able to process Gln-Cys but not Gln-Thr, Gln-Ile, Gln-Tyr, Arg-Gly, or Leu-Gly combinations when these residues were substituted into normal cleavage site contexts.
Introductory Remarks to the Peter M. Cicchino Award Symposium & Ceremony

I want to welcome everyone on this momentous occasion and say it is my privilege to address you today. We all know Professor Cicchino, and today we celebrate the establishment of the Peter M. Cicchino Award for outstanding advocacy in service of the public interest. Later, we will be presenting the first awards to this years very deserving recipients. Professor Cicchino joined the Washington College of Law faculty in 1998, and his dedication to public interest is certainly to be commended. He is a pillar in the legal community. We are privileged to have Professor Cicchino as a valued member of the WCL community. After graduating from Harvard Law School and clerking with Justice Handler in New Jersey, Professor Cicchino served at the Urban Justice Center and for years provided legal services to the youth of New York City. He is a former Skadden public interest fellow, and in large part due to his influence and connections the Washington College of Law has established a public interest fellowship. We can see the hand of Peter in the creation of that public interest opportunity and in other service possibilities in our community. Peter Cicchino also served as a staff attorney at the American Civil Liberties Union. This achievement, plus his personal interest in the law, makes him a welcome addition to the Washington, D.C. community. This is not just rhetoric. The Washington College of Law is a school with a vision of human dignity, and we feel that our purpose is to be the voice of those who don’t have voices, to accept every type of
Advanced thermomechanical constitutive models for airfield concrete pavement under high temperatures

An axisymmetric thermomechanical constitutive model is proposed for airfield concrete pavement under very rapid heating and cooling processes due to high-temperature exhaust gas from axisymmetric vectored thrust engines. Newman's crack growth model is applied to estimate the delamination (thermal spalling) time of the airfield concrete pavement at various locations due to the internal pore pressure. Furthermore, coupled heat and mass transfer in concrete pavement is considered.
MDCT Angiography of the Thoracic Aorta

Multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) is a noninvasive and accurate technique for assessment of many thoracic aortic abnormalities. It offers several advantages over conventional aortography for evaluation of the thoracic aorta. State-of-the-art MDCT scanners, with improved temporal and isotropic resolution, enable volumetric acquisition that provides clear anatomic delineation of thoracic aorta, its tortuous branches, and adjacent aneurysms and pseudo aneurysms. In contrast with the projectional technique of conventional aortography, these frequently overlapping structures can affect visualization and delineation of anatomic relationships. In addition, MDCTA allows simultaneous delineation of true and false luminal flow channels in thoracic aortic dissections, intramural hematomas communicating with the aortic lumen, slow perigraft blood flow around aortic stent grafts, as well as direct visualization of the aortic wall and noncommunicating intramural hematomas. This chapter reviews techniques for acquisition and interpretation of thoracic aortic MDCTA and describes abnormalities in which MDCTA provides valuable information.
Transcription from the Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid Strands of Bacillus subtilis During Various Stages of Sporulation

The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) pattern of log-phase and sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis has been analyzed by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-RNA hybrid studies with the complementary-strand fragments of DNA. Approximately 80% of the mRNA of log-phase and sporulating cells from stages I, III, and IV hybridizes with the heavy DNA fragments, and 20% hybridizes with the light DNA fragments. Hybrid competition studies indicated that there was either a greatly reduced rate of transcription or a turn-off of some log-phase genes during the sporulation stages. However, a significant amount of log-phase gene transcription occurred even at late stages of sporulation. Similar studies indicate a significantly increased rate of transcription or a turn-on of sporulation phase genes during the latter stages of sproulation. There is a sequential increase in the amount of sporulation-specific transcription from both complementary-strand fragments of DNA. These results indicate that the RNA polymerase population in sporulating cells can transcribe both log-phase and sporulation-phase genes.
Extra-pair paternity in Swainson's Hawks

Although passerines have been relatively well studied and many species found to exhibit relatively high rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP), less is known about the frequency of EPP in other avian taxa, including raptors. From 2008 to 2010, we examined the frequency of EPP in a population of Swainson's Hawks (Buteo swainsoni) in Butte Valley, California. We examined paternity of 56 nestlings from 19 pairs and 27 broods and found that only three nestlings (5%) in two (7%) broods were the result of extrapair fertilizations. This relatively low frequency of EPP may be the result of mechanisms that reduce the likelihood of extra-pair fertilization (e.g., mate guarding and frequent copulation), or could result from females limiting EPP to assure paternity of the social male and ensure paternal investment in offspring. RESUMEN Paternidad externa a la pareja en Buteo Swainsoni A pesar de que aves paserinas han sido bien estudiadas y se ha encontrado que muchas especies exhiben relativamente altas tasas de paternidad extra pareja, poco es conocido sobre la frecuencia de paternidad extra pareja en otras taxas en aves, incluyendo rapaces. Desde el 2008 hasta el 2010 examinamos la frecuencia de paternidad extra pareja en una poblacion de Buteo Swainsoni en el valle Butte en California. Examinamos la paternidad de 56 polluelos de 19 parejas y 27 nidadas y encontramos que solo tres polluelos (5%) en dos (7%) nidadas fueron el resultado de fertilizacion extra pareja. Esta frecuencia relativamente baja de paternidad extra pareja puede ser el resultado de mecanismos que reducen la probabilidad de fertilizacion extra pareja (e.g., proteccion de la pareja y frecuencia copulatoria), o puede ser el resultado de la hembras limitando la paternidad extra pareja para asegurar la paternidad del macho social y asegurar inversion paternal en la cria.
Self-compensating, all-reflection interferometer

A grating interferometer that uses all-reflecting optical components has been developed for operation in the extreme and far UV. The instrument uses a V-groove, ruled grating as its beam splitter and has no moving parts. A self-compensating optical design is employed that makes it tolerant to small misadjustments of optical alignments and convenient for space-flight applications. The instrument described here uses a 600-groove/mm plane diffraction grating that operates in the second order and obtains a resolving power of ∼100,000 at 1216 A.
Idle sunk cost capacity, entry, and profitability: An empirical study

Abstract The study examines a key prediction of credible commitment models—whether idle sunk cost capacity can be used to augment long-run profitability. The uniqueness of this study lies in its focus on the sunk cost component of excess capacity rather than excess capacity. An estimate of industry specific capital cost is used as a proxy for sunk costs in tangible capital. A two-equation recursive model is used with pooled data for 49 U.S. manufacturing industries. The primary finding is that lagged idle sunk cost capacity increases profitability while current excess capacity has a negative impact on profitability.
The heat of fusion of polymer crystals: Polyethylene crystals in suspension

Recent experiments have supported the view that polyethylene (PE) single crystals kept in suspension, in a variety of liquids, have different physical properties compared with the same crystals after drying. The present work was undertaken in an attempt to directly measure one of the basic properties of crystals in suspension, namely their percent crystallinity (X). Differential scanning calorimetry was chosen as the primary tool for this investigation. A method has been developed to determine the weight of PE in a suspension of crystals in a nonsolvent. Thus, a determination of X can be made. For suspension crystals, X was found to be at least 88.5%, some 6% larger than that for the corresponding dried or freeze-dried material. Implications with regard to the fold-surface structure are discussed. Differences in degree of crystallinity as a function of drying procedure have also been observed.
Intracellular responses of caudate neurons to stimulation of cortex and substantia nigra following large thalamic lesions.

Abstract The contribution of thalamic pathways to caudate intracellular responses evoked by cortical and nigral stimulation was assessed in 5 cats. No changes were found in either the excitatory or inhibitory components of these responses as a consequence of thalamic destruction. This result, together with other data from this laboratory, suggest thatindirect thalamo-striatal or cortico-striatal pathways are not required for mediating the observed striatal responses.
Neuropsychiatric presentation of men with pituitary tumors (the ‘four A's’)

Abstract A chart review of 16 male patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas revealed the frequent presence of four neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms: apathy, asexuality, adiposity, and (head)ache. This symptom constellation can be easily mistaken for that of an affective disorder. Male patients displaying these four signs and symptoms should be referred for an endocrinologie consultation. A case report further illustrates the clinical picture.
Media and Affect: A Comparison of Video-Tape, Audio-Tape, and Print

Students at the University of Illinois and the University of Michigan participated in an experiment to determine if different affective responses would result from exposure to three different forms of media, each presenting the same content. One group of students viewed a video tape, another listened to an audio tape, and a third read a printed transcript. A semantic differential was used to measure affective response, and an objective test was administered to measure cognitive learning. Results showed the video group to be perceiving the presentation less favorably than were the other two groups, however, they were perceiving two of the participants more favorably than were the others. An analysis of covariance between pre- and post-test scores of cognitive learning showed that subjects receiving the audio taped version had learned significantly less than those receiving the other treatments.
Charge transfer spectra in lanthanide-THD chelates

Abstract The near UV spectra of rare earth-THD chelates of the type, RE(THD)3 where THD = ButCOCHCOBut and RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, have been measured and analyzed in terms of charge transfer. Observed spectra show a broad absorption maximum in the range of 33,000–36,000 cm−1 characteristic of all the chelates. Upon invoking an electrostatic charge-transfer model whereby the ligand non-bonding electrons are transferred to empty 5d orbitals of the RE, good agreement between observed and calculated spectra are obtained.