cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imagerie des syndromes inflammatoires bénins

Resume Les mastites benignes sont des pathologies rares et de prise en charge difficile. Le challenge diagnostique repose sur leur distinction des mastites carcinomateuses. On oppose les mastites aigues secondaires, a une infection, a une inflammation au voisinage d’une structure benigne ou a une thrombophlebite superficielle, aux mastites chroniques principalement les mastites a plasmocytes et les mastopathies granulomateuses idiopathiques. L’imagerie est souvent aspecifique mais certains signes echographiques, mammographiques ou IRM doivent etre connus et recherches afin d’orienter le plus precocement possible vers une etiologie benigne. Le recours a une biopsie doit etre systematique au moindre doute diagnostique pour ne pas meconnaitre une mastite carcinomateuse.
Xcat2 RNA is a translationally sequestered germ plasm component in Xenopus.

Abstract In Xenopus, the inheritance of germ plasm by a small subset of blastomeres during early development is thought to direct these cells into the germ cell lineage. We show that Xcat2 RNA, related to Drosophila nanos, is a germ plasm component that is translationally repressed during oogenesis. Xcat2 protein was not detected in oocytes at times prior to, or after its RNA was localized in germ plasm, suggesting Xcat2 RNA is functionally sequestered soon after transcription. Indeed, Xcat2 RNA is found in a dense non-polysomal compartment in oocytes. Repression of translation was not relieved by substituting the Xcat2 3′UTR with that of β-globin. Immunodetection of Xcat2 protein during blastula and gastrula stages coincides with the time of symmetric segregation of the germ plasm and a net increase in the number of primordial germ cells. Xcat2 is capable of binding RNA in vitro and we propose that it may function to translationally regulate other RNAs specific to primordial germ cells.
Landsat funded until April 17

The U.S. Department of Commerce rescinded plans to shut Landsats 4 and 5 off on March 31. The satellites will continue to operate under a pledge of funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other federal agencies that was organized through the office of Vice President Dan Quayle and the National Space Council, which he heads. The amount of money involved in the stopgap funding has not been specified by the Bush administration, nor is it known what will happen to the satellites after April 17. There is no money in the Fiscal Year 1989 budget to keep Landsats 4 and 5 going; a source of funding through the end of the fiscal year in September remains to be determined.
Sampling properties of criteria for evaluating GARCH volatility forecasts

There is considerable evidence that GARCH models do not forecast financial volatility well out of sample when evaluated by the R 2 from the Mincer and Zarnowitz (1969) regression. Andersen and Bollerslev (1998) argued that although the R 2s tend to be small, they are consistent with the population value of the criterion for a correctly specified GARCH model. We extend the Andersen and Bollerslev result and derive the population moments of the mean squared error, the mean absolute error and a heteroscedasticity adjusted mean square error for the GARCH volatility forecasts. We state existence conditions for the moments. The criteria and their population values are illustrated with empirical examples. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we analyse the sampling properties of these criteria. When volatility is highly persistent, we find that the sampling distribution of the R 2 is highly skewed to the right, which indicates that the majority of the realized R 2s lie below the population R 2. Among the accuracy crite...
Is public reason innocuous

Rawls’s controversial idea of public reason is often criticized for being exclusionary and unfair. Yet it is possible to read the idea of public reason as being largely innocuous, especially if one attends to all the qualifications and specifications of the idea that Rawls articulated. This essay pursues such a reading, by systematically considering each element of qualification that Rawls built into the idea of public reason. Considered together and in terms of their cumulative effect, they make the innocuous reading possible. My aim is not, however, to try to defend Rawls’s idea of public reason by claiming that it is innocuous, but to help clarify the ambiguous nature of the idea through this reading.
On the mechanism of modulating the volume of the voice in howling monkeys.

It is proposed that the howling monkeys intensify the low pitched sounds, which are emitted in their howls, by considerably narrowing the laryngeal vestibule in order to build up a pressure capable of distending the collapsed thyrohyoid canal. In this manner, the vibrating air column can enter the hyoid bulla and the latter act as a resonator. The narrowing of the laryngeal inlet is achieved by a pneumatic sphincter—the pharyngolaryngeal sacs—activated by extralaryngeal muscles.
Comparative ultrastructure of cellular junctions in working myocardium and the conduction system under normal and pathologic conditions

Abstract The comparative ultrastructure of muscle cell junctions in the working myocardium and conduction system is reviewed. In both kinds of muscles, the cell junction may be divided into four types of regions: the nexuses, the desmosomes, the fasciae adherentes and the undifferentiated regions. The nexus, originally interpreted as a fused membrane, has now been redefined as a gap junction. In the cell junctions (intercalated disks) of working muscle, the transverse segments are chiefly occupied by large fasciae adherentes, the longitudinal segments are provided with large nexuses, and the undifferentiated regions are much less extensive. In addition to their distinctive intercellular arrangement, the sinus node and arterioventricular node are characterized by cell junctions in which nexuses and fasciae adherentes are infrequent and of small size, and the undifferentiated regions are often extensive. The cell junctions of the Purkinje fibers are characteristic in the Artiodactyla because of polyhedral interconnections of large cells, small and infrequent fasciae adherentes, and large and frequent nexuses and undifferentiated regions. In other animal species, the Purkinje cell junctions rather resemble the intercalated disks of working muscle, but instead of crossing the fiber transversely stepwise, their disks often course obliquely to the fiber axis. Several patterns of dissociation of the intercalated disks which take place in some heart diseases and experimental conditions are also reviewed. The functional implication of the ultrastructural difference in muscle cell junctions between working myocardium and conduction system and the dehiscence processes of the intercalated disks are discussed.
Atomic Resolution Imaging of a Carbon Nanotube from Diffraction Intensities

Atomic imaging of three-dimensional structures has required a crystal in diffraction or a lens in electron imaging. Whereas diffraction achieves very high resolution by averaging over many cells, imaging gives localized structural information, such as the position of a single dopant atom. However, lens aberrations limit electron imaging resolution to about 1 angstrom. Resolution is reduced further by low contrast from weakscattering or from the limitations on electron dose for radiation-sensitive molecules. We show that both high resolution and high contrast can be achieved by imaging from diffraction with a nanometer-sized coherent electron beam. The phase problem is solved by oversampling and iterative phase retrieval. We apply this technique to image a double-wall carbon nanotube at 1-angstrom resolution, revealing the structure of two tubes of different helicities. Because the only requirement for imaging is a diffraction pattern sampled below the Nyquist frequency, our technique has the potential to image nonperiodic nanostructures, including biological macromolecules, at diffraction intensity-limited resolutions.
Timing of Convertible Debt Issues

Abstract The popularity of convertible debt as a financing vehicle waxes and wanes. In this article, we investigate whether the timing of convertible debt issues can be explained by three reported reasons for its use as a financing vehicle. Specifically, we reexamine the long-standing beliefs that convertibles are used as “debt sweeteners” and there are “hot issue” markets for these securities. In addition, we examine whether convertibles help diminish the agency conflict between bondholders and stockholders as suggested by Brennan and Schwartz (1988) . Our empirical results suggest that: (1) corporate managers issue convertible debt as debt sweeteners and (2) more convertible debt is issued in hot markets.
Inflammatory papillomatous hyperplasia and epidermal necrosis in a transgenic rat for HIV-1

Background Skin lesions commonly affect AIDS patients. The pathogenesis of certain dermatologic disorders primarily associated to HIV-1 is unclear, and better forms of therapy for these conditions need to be discovered. Transgenic animal models represent a novel approach for the study of these disorders and for the quest of more effective forms of treatment.
Camera calibration and vehicle tracking: Highway traffic video analytics

Abstract We describe a real-time highway surveillance system (RHSS), which operates autonomously to collect statistics (speed and volume) and generates incident alerts (e.g., stopped vehicles). The system is designed to optimize long-term real-time performance accuracy. It also provides convenient integration to an existing surveillance infrastructure with different levels of service. Innovations include a novel 3-D Hungarian algorithm which is utilized for object tracking and a practical, hands-off mechanism for camera calibration. Speed is estimated based on trajectories after mapping/alignment with respect to dominant paths learned based on an evolutionary dynamics model. The system, RHSS, is intensively evaluated under different scenarios such as rain, low-contrast and high-contrast lightings. Performance is presented in comparison to a current commercial product. The contribution is innovation of new technologies that enable hands-off calibration (i.e., automatic detection of vanishing points) and improved accuracy (i.e., illumination balancing, tracking via a new 3-D Hungarian algorithm, and re-initialization of background detection on-the-fly). Results indicate the capability and applicability of the proposed system in real-time and real-world settings.
Surface Electrochemistry of CO on Reconstructed Gold Single Crystal Surfaces Studied by Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy and Rotating Disk Electrode

The electrooxidation of CO has been studied on reconstructed gold single-crystal surfaces by a combination of electrochemical (EC) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) measurements. Emphasis is placed on relating the vibrational properties of the CO adlayer to the voltammetric and other macroscopic electrochemical responses, including rotating disk electrode measurements of the catalytic activity. The IRAS data show that the C-O stretching frequencies are strongly dependent on the surface orientation and can be observed in the range 1940-1990 cm(-1) for the 3-fold bridging, 2005-2070 cm(-1) for the 2-fold bridging, and 2115-2140 for the terminal position. The most complex CO spectra are found for the Au(110)-(1 x 2) surface, i.e., a band near 1965 cm(-1), with the second, weaker band shifted positively by about 45 cm(-1) and, finally, a weak band near 2115 cm(-1). While the C-O stretching frequencies for a CO adlayer adsorbed on Au(111)-(1 x 23) show nu(CO) bands at 2029-2069 cm(-1) and at 1944-1986 cm(-1), on the Au(100)-"hex" surface a single CO band is observed at 2004-2029 cm(-1). In the "argon-purged" solution, the terminal nu(CO) band on Au(110)-(1 x 2) and the 3-fold bridging band on the Au(111)-(1 x 23) disappear entirely. The IRAS/EC data show that the kinetics of CO oxidation are structure sensitive; i.e., the onset of CO oxidation increases in the order Au(110)-(1 x 2) > or = Au(100)-"hex" > Au(111)-(1 x 23). Possible explanations for the structure sensitivity are discussed.
Backbone dynamics of DNA containing 8-oxoguanine: importance for substrate recognition by base excision repair glycosylases

Abstract Except for the functional groups sited within the major or minor grooves, the bases of B-DNA are quite protected from the external environment. Enzymes that modify the bases often “flip out” the target into an extrahelical position before the chemistry step is carried out. Examples of this mechanism are the base excision repair glycosylases and the restriction enzyme methylases. The question arises about the mechanism of substrate recognition for these enzymes and how closely it is linked to the base flipping step. Molecular dynamics simulations (AMBER, PME electrostatics) of fully solvated, cation neutralized, DNA sequences containing 8-oxoguanine (8OG) and of appropriate normal (control) DNAs have been carried out. The dynamics trajectories were analyzed to identify those properties of the DNA structure in the vicinity of the altered base, or its dynamics, that could contribute to molecular discrimination between substrate and non-substrate DNA sites. The results predict that the FPG enzyme should flip out the cytosine base paired with the scissile 8OG, not the target base itself.
Cell cycle regulation of VCIP135 deubiquitinase activity and function in p97/p47-mediated Golgi reassembly

In mammalian cells, the inheritance of the Golgi apparatus into the daughter cells during each cycle of cell division is mediated by a disassembly and reassembly process, and this process is precisely controlled by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. VCIP135 (valosin-containing protein p97/p47 complex-interacting protein, p135), a deubiquitinating enzyme required for p97/p47-mediated postmitotic Golgi membrane fusion, is phosphorylated at multiple sites during mitosis. However, whether phosphorylation directly regulates VCIP135 deubiquitinase activity and Golgi membrane fusion in the cell cycle remains unknown. We show that, in early mitosis, phosphorylation of VCIP135 by Cdk1 at a single residue, S130, is sufficient to inactivate the enzyme and inhibit p97/p47-mediated Golgi membrane fusion. At the end of mitosis, VCIP135 S130 is dephosphorylated, which is accompanied by the recovery of its deubiquitinase activity and Golgi reassembly. Our results demonstrate that phosphorylation and ubiquitination are coordinated via VCIP135 to control Golgi membrane dynamics in the cell cycle.
Altruism Toward a Deviant in City and Small Town

A field experiment using the “Lost Letter Technique” tested the hypothesis that altruism would be higher in small towns than in cities, unless the person needing help was a social deviant. The hypothesis was derived from Milgram's (1970) overload theory, in which city dwellers are expected to become generally indifferent to, and make fewer differentiations between, unimportant others. A total of 216 letters to one of three addressees (control, somewhat deviant, highly deviant) were “lost”, one-half in Tulsa, Oklahoma (population: 347,600) and one-half among 51 small, Oklahoma towns (× population: 2,002). Return rates supported the hypothesis. The data also suggest that a greater intolerance in small towns for social deviance might systematically overwhelm their generally higher levels of social responsibility. Implications are drawn regarding the danger of overgeneralizing negative attributions to urban centers.
Work in progress — Improving web security education with virtual labs and shared course modules

One challenge in web security education is its interdisciplinary and practical nature. Students need to have the basic knowledge and skills of a web developer to understand many of the web security topics, and some of them are normally covered in multiple advanced courses like Computer Networks and Network Security, or are absent from many existing undergraduate or graduate degree programs. This paper shares our experience of using VMware virtual machines in supporting hands-on web security education, and developing multiple virtual web security lab modules based on the virtual machines. The lab modules are part of our NSF SWEET (Secure WEb dEvelopment Teaching) project, and each of them contains (1) concepts in a nutshell; (2) lab objectives; (3) software setup; (4) detailed lab instructions; and (5) lab evaluations. Comprehensive lab modules have been developed to guide students to build virtual Ubuntu virtual machines with publicly available tools and install all necessary web servers, application servers and database servers on them so they can function as the foundation and platforms of the other course modules. The other covered course modules include cryptography, HTTP and HTTPS protocols, and introduction to Java web technologies.
Site-specific phenylation of pyridine catalyzed by phosphido-bridged ruthenium dimer complexes: a prototype for C-H arylation of electron-deficient heteroarenes.

Direct and selective catalytic arylation of α-C−H bond in pyridine with iodobenzene was achieved in up to 70% yield. Phosphido-bridged bisruthenium complexes 6a and 6b arising from Ru3(CO)12 and PPh3 were identified as active catalysts. The formation of complexes 6a and 6b was investigated, a sequence of C−H and C−P bond cleavage, cluster fragmentation, and disproportionation was established, and the intermediate ruthenium complexes lying on this pathway were isolated and fully characterized.
Augmenting children's tablet-based reading experiences with variable friction haptic feedback

This paper explores the integration of tactile feedback into children's electronic books (e-books) through variable friction surface haptics enabled by the TPaD Tablet technology. Through a user study with 10 pairs of children and their parents, we examine how children and parents conceive of and add haptics to a popular e-book. We report conceptual and practical differences in the ways in which children of various ages (3-8 years old) and adults envision haptic feedback within an e-book and conclude with a discussion of design considerations for creating haptic e-books.
Cocaethylene formation in rat, dog, and human hepatic microsomes.

Abstract The dog and rat are important animal models for studying the role of cocaethylene in the pharmacodynamic interaction between cocaine and ethanol. In a previous study in our laboratory it was found that a cocaine dose of 3 mg/kg IV and ethanol 1 g/kg IV failed to produce detectable concentrations of cocaethylene in the plasma of dogs. In follow up to this result, the pharmacokinetic disposition of cocaine and cocaethylene in the dog were determined to be similar. These results suggested significant differences between animal and human cocaethylene formation may occur. To test this possibility the in vitro formation of cocaethylene was determined in rat, dog and human hepatic microsomal preparations containing cocaine (0–7 mM) and ethanol (50 mM). Nonlinear least-squares regression was used to estimate Km and Vmax and the results were compared statistically. The mean ± standard deviation for Km and Vmax in the rat, dog and human were 0.53 ± 0.04, 0.97 ± 0.07, and 0.56 ± 0.08 mM, and 390 ± 9, 233 ± 6, and 60 ± 3 pmol/minute/mg protein, respectively. The Km in the dog was significantly greater (p dog > human; p in vivo studies that appear to show that humans produce more cocaethylene than dogs. It is suggested by the authors that route of cocaine administration may be an important factor in the formation of cocaethylene when cocaine and ethanol are co-administered.
Parents Without Partners: Drosophila as a Model for Understanding the Mechanisms and Evolution of Parthenogenesis

Of 40 Drosophila species screened to date, a majority have shown some ability to at least initiate parthenogenetic development. In one case, Drosophila mangebeirai, natural populations are entirely female, making it the only obligate parthenogenetic species of Drosophila. Only a few of the species that exhibit the ability to undergo early embryonic development of unfertilized eggs successfully respond to selection for parthenogenetic production of adult flies. Laboratory strains of parthenogenetic Drosophila mercatorum have been created by artificial selection on multiple occasions, but the proportion of eggs undergoing development to adulthood has never exceeded 8%. Selection produces gains in the number of unfertilized eggs undergoing early development, but the majority arrest at the embryonic or first larval instar stages. Four components to successful parthenogenesis include (1) a female’s propensity to lay unfertilized eggs, (2) the ability of the eggs to restore diploidy, (3) the ability of the parthenogenetically produced diploid embryo to complete larval development and pupation, and (4) the existence of genetic variability within and among Drosophila species in the frequency of parthenogenesis suggests the existence of multiple steps in its evolution and offers a way to explore the genetics of this unusual reproductive strategy.
Biventricular pacing as alternative therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy associated with congenital heart disease.

RODRIGUEZ-CRUZ, E., et al.: Biventricular Pacing as Alternative Therapy for Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated with Congenital Heart Disease. Biventricular, alternative, and multisite pacing are currently being explored to improve cardiac function among patients with medically refractory, end-stage dilated cardiomyopathies. Although, due to inherent myocardial abnormalities, patients with repaired congenital heart defects may be at a greater risk than others to develop heart failure, often requiring cardiac transplantation. The efficacy of biventricular pacing among these patients is unknown. This report presents a patient with successfully repaired congenital heart disease in infancy who developed a symptomatic dilated cardiomyopathy at 22 years of age. Following biventricular pacing, systemic ventricular function showed a 14% improvement in ventricular dP/dt. One month later, subjective symptoms improved and cardiac ultrasound illustrated a 125% increase in fractional area of change. Exercise stress testing showed a 17% improvement in aerobic work capacity.
Activation of 5-HT1B/1D receptors in the mesolimbic dopamine system increases dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens: a microdialysis study

This study was designed to investigate the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(1B) receptors located in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens in the modulation of accumbal dopaminergic transmission. The selective 5-HT(1B) receptor agonist CP 93129 [3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridyl)pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrid-5-one] was administered into the ventral tegmental area or nucleus accumbens of freely moving Sprague-Dawley rats via retrograde microdialysis. The effects of intra-accumbal and intra-tegmental CP 93129 on extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens were measured using one- and dual-probe microdialysis, respectively. For dual-probe microdialysis, one probe was in the ventral tegmental area for drug administration and the other in the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens for dopamine measurement. The results show that infusion of CP 93129 (2, 5 and 10 microM) into the nucleus accumbens increased local dopamine levels in a concentration-related manner. Infusion of CP 93129 (10 and 20 microM) into the ventral tegmental area also increased dopamine levels in the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens. The increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens produced by intra-accumbal or intra-tegmental CP 93129 was antagonized by co-infusion of cyanopindolol (5 microM), a 5-HT(1B/1A) receptor antagonist, but not by WAY-100635 [N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-2-pyridinyl-cyclohexanecarboxamide] (5 microM), a highly selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist. In addition, augmentations of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens induced by intra-accumbal CP 93129 were sensitive to Na(+) channel blockade with tetrodotoxin. These results are not in opposition to the concept that 5-HT(1B) receptors within the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens are all involved in the modulation of dopamine release in the terminal area of the mesolimbic dopamine system.
Aggregation of a diatom bloom in a mesocosm: The role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)

The role of TEP (Transparent Exopolymer Particles) in the flocculation of a diatom bloom was studied under controlled conditions in a mesocosm. The concentration of TEP increased exponentially during growth, flocculation and senescence of the bloom. Aggregation began dominating the particle dynamics of TEP during the early growth phase of the bloom, several days prior to the appearance of large flocs and nutrient depletion. TEP aggregated with themselves and with phytoplankton due to the high stickiness of TEP, but phytoplankton was not observed to aggregrate with itself. The production of TEP, estimated from changes in concentration, did not increase after nutrients were depleted. The concentration of TEP was a linear function of chl a and particulate organic carbon (POC), indicating that production of TEP was linked to growth rather than standing stocks of phytoplankton. The ratio between TEP and phytoplankton appeared to be one of the factors determining the onset of the flocculation of the bloom. The concentration of TEP may have been decreased by bacterial degradation. Bacterial degradation of TEP may explain the low TEP to chl a values, the decrease in stickiness of particles as the bloom progressed, and the retarded onset of flocculation.
Google Translate in the EFL Classroom: Taboo or Teaching Tool?

While composition has become more open to issues of world Englishes and more aware of how English writing is taught and learned in countries other than the United States, one of the issues that needs further investigation concerns the influence of increasingly powerful and accessible technologies for translation on the teaching of English writing in places where English is not the language of local communication. The most widely available technology for translation, Google Translate, can quickly convert large amounts of text from one language to another, though it does it with varying amounts of accuracy. Despite its sometimes egregious mistakes, however, it is fast becoming a tool not only for people who want to read online texts written in another language, but for composing texts. How students of English as a foreign language (EFL) might use translation technologies such as Google’s translation function when composing is an important question because it stretches (perhaps uncomfortably) the boundaries of what it means to “write in English.” How should EFL writing teachers integrate the use of such technologies into their teaching? In this article, I will explore the context of Google translation use in one country where English is not a language of local communication. Finally, I will suggest ways to use this phenomenon to rethink the notion of what it means to teach EFL writing in an age of increasingly sophisticated machine translation.
Enhanced Water Purification: A Single Atom Makes a Difference∥

The aluminum Keggin polycation (Al13) has been identified as an effective specie for neutralization and coagulation of anionic contaminants in water. In this study, we compare efficacy of the aluminum Keggin-ion to the analogues containing a single Ga-atom or single Ge-atom (GaAl12 and GeAl12, respectively) substituted into the center of the polycation in water-treatment studies. We investigated removal of bacteriophage (model viruses), Cryptosporidium, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and turbidity. In every study, the order of contaminant removal efficacy trends GaAl12 > Al13 > GeAl12. By ESI MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), we noted the GaAl12 deprotonates least of the three aluminum polycations, and thus probably carries the highest charge, and also optimal contaminant-neutralization ability. The ESI MS studies of the aluminum polycation solutions, as well as solid-state characterization of their resulting precipitates both reveal some conversion of Al13 to larger polycations, Al30 for instance. The GaAl12 does not show any evidence for this alteration that is responsible for poor shelf life of commercial prehydrolyzed aluminum coagulants such as polyaluminum chloride. Based on these studies, we conclude that substitution of a single Ga-atom in the center of the aluminum Keggin polycation produces an optimal water-treatment product due to enhanced shelf life and efficacy in neutralization of anionic contaminants.
Microfluidic discharge-based optical sources for detection of biochemicals

This paper reports a discharge-based optical source for fluorescence of biochemicals in microfluidic systems. Its efficacy is demonstrated using a stacked microchip that integrates a microfluidic wavelength-tunable optical source, a biochemical sample reservoir and optical filters. It is shown to excite fluorescence in L-tryptophan and DNA samples labeled by SYBR green dye. The discharge is struck in ambient air, between a metal anode and a cathode cavity that is filled with an aqueous solution, which is doped with a metal salt selected for its emission characteristics. The characteristic line spectra, which arise from energetic transitions of the metal ions that are sputtered into the glow region of the discharge, are optically filtered and guided to the biochemical sample that resides in a separate on-chip reservoir. For DNA fluorescence, a barium chloride solution is used to emit light at 454 and 493 nm. For tryptophan fluorescence, the cathode contains lead (II) nitrate solution to provide a 280 nm emission. The resulting fluorescence from the DNA and tryptophan samples is compared to reference data. This technique can also be used to excite other fluorophores by using appropriately doped liquid cathodes having the desired emission characteristics.
Correction of cerebrospinal fluid protein for the presence of red blood cells in children with a traumatic lumbar puncture.

We sought to determine the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein and CSF red blood cells in children with traumatic lumbar punctures. For every 1000 cell increase in CSF red blood cells per mm 3 , CSF protein increases by 1.1 mg/dL (95% CI, 0.9-1.1 mg/dL).
Smooth orthogonal decomposition-based vibration mode identification

A new multivariate data analysis method called smooth orthogonal decomposition (SOD) is proposed to extract linear normal modes and natural frequencies of multi-degree-of-freedom and distributed-parameter vibration systems. It is demonstrated that for an undamped free vibration of a multi-degree-of-freedom system, the computed smooth orthogonal modes are in direct correspondence with the actual normal vibration modes and the smooth orthogonal values are related to the corresponding natural frequencies. The same is also shown to be true for lightly damped free vibrations of both lumped- and distributed-parameter systems. In contrast to the intrinsic limitations of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis, which requires the knowledge of system's mass matrix to extract normal modes and cannot uniquely identify modal subspaces that have similar proper orthogonal values, the SOD is shown to overcome both of these deficiencies. Numerical examples are provided to compare the performances of the POD- and SOD-based modal identification in various types of vibration environment.
Pseudoephedrine for the prevention of barotitis media: a controlled clinical trial in underwater divers.

Study objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of decongestant prophylaxis among first-time underwater divers in the prevention of barotitis media (middle ear squeeze). Design: Randomized, double-blind, prospective clinical trial. Setting: Recreational diving schools in Panama City, Florida. Type of participants: One hundred twenty volunteer scuba divers under the supervision of certified instructors. Interventions: After randomization, each subject received a 60-mg tablet of pseudoephedrine or placebo 30 minutes before diving. Prospective data were collected, including subject demographics, signs and symptoms of middle ear squeeze during the dive, and possible drug side effects. The otoscopic appearance of the tympanic membrane was graded according to the amount of hemorrhage in the eardrum, with Teed scores ranging from 0 (normal) to 5 (gross hemorrhage and rupture). χ 2 and t -tests were applied with significance set at P Results: A total of 116 subjects met the inclusion criteria and completed the study; 60 received 60 mg pseudoephedrine, and 56 received placebo. The treatment groups were similar with regard to age, sex, medical history, and depth of the first dive ( P > .5). Ear discomfort and blockage during the dive were present in 8% (five of 60) of those receiving pseudoephedrine versus 32% (18 of 56) of the control group ( P = .001). Similarly, the pseudoephedrine group had smaller Teed scores after diving than did the control subjects ( P = .003). Adverse effects were minimal; two patients experienced dizziness and nausea. Conclusion: These results suggest that the use of an oral decongestant before diving decreases the incidence and severity of middle ear squeeze in novice divers.
Incidence and Clinical Implications of Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis After Laparoscopic Bariatric Procedures

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) represents less than 10 % of thromboembolic events, but has been associated with higher incidence of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism. Data regarding UEDVT and its treatment is limited. Our objective was to investigate UEDVT incidence, diagnosis, and treatment in our bariatric patient population. We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery at our institution. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, body mass index (BMI), history of venous thromboembolic event (VTE), type of procedure, and other comorbidities. One thousand five hundred three patients were included in the study. Twenty patients developed VTE events, of which five suffered UEDVT. Although infrequent, awareness of UEDVT is necessary in order to initiate treatment in a timely fashion and to prevent major complications.
Discrete Sequential Search with Group Activities

Equipment failures can have significant implications in terms of cost and customer satisfaction. Reducing the time required to find the cause of a failure can provide large cost savings and help preserve customer goodwill. Single-item discrete sequential search models can be used to sequence the tasks in diagnostic search to minimize the expected time required to find the cause of the failure. We increase the utility of the single-item discrete sequential search model by developing a formulation that includes simple precedence relationships as well as sequence dependent relationships defined by group activities. This formulation can be applied to a number of other problems including determining the sequence for multiple quality control tests on an item, scheduling oil well workovers to maximize the expected increase in oil production, and sequencing tasks in a research project where there is a technological risk associated with each task.
ROLE OF THE THYMUS IN TOLERANCE III. TOLERANCE TO BOVINE GAMMA GLOBULIN AFTER DIRECT INJECTION OF ANTIGEN INTO THE SHIELDED THYMUS OF IRRADIATED RATS

Rats subjected to high doses of whole-body irradiation, with simultaneous shielding of the thymus or spleen, recovered at 3 wk the ability to develop delayed sensitization and to form hemagglutinating and precipitating antibody following foot-pad injection of BγG in complete adjuvant. Injection of BγG into the shielded thymus immediately after irradiation, in amounts between 20 γg and 40 mg, inhibited these response to later challenge partially or completely. A comparable effect on immune responses to BγG was not seen after injection of heterologous antigen (Ea) intrathymically, BγG intraperitoneally, or BγG into the shielded spleen. However high doses (20 or 40 mg) of antigen given by the latter routes resulted in some diminution of later response. Arthus reactivity recovered partially in the spleen-shielded group and was readily suppressed by intrasplenic administration of antigen.
TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY.

In the preface to the first edition of the book the author stated that it was unnecessary to make any apology for the combined title, Gynecology and Female Endocrinology, so intimarely associated are the two subjects. The title of the second edition is simply, “Textbook of Gynecology,” the implication being that female endocrinology has already become an integral part of the practice of gynecology, which, in fact, it has for all well informed, progressive gynecologists. This second edition contains forty-four chapters, sixteen of which are devoted primarily to the physiology of reproduction in the broadest sense. A very lucid discussion is given in these chapters of the physiology of menstruation, the anovulatory cycle, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, sterility, the menopause and related disorders. Even the serious student of the physiology of reproduction will find little that is inaccurate or misleading and he will be surprised that such a complicated and oftentimes confusing subj...
Hopelessness Theory and the Approach System: Cognitive Vulnerability Predicts Decreases in Goal-Directed Behavior

The study tested an integration of the hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson et al. 1989) and Davidson’s (1994) approach/withdrawal theory of depression in a sample of undergraduates (N = 248). According to this integrated theory (Abramson et al. 2002), cognitive vulnerability to depression interacts with stress to produce hopelessness, which signals a shut-down of the approach system. A shut-down of the approach system is reflected by decreases in goal-directed behavior, and in turn, the symptoms of depression. The study tested the hypothesized etiological chain of cognitive vulnerability-stress, hopelessness, goal-directed behavior, and depressive symptoms. Consistent with hypotheses, cognitive vulnerability interacted with stress to predict changes in goal-directed behavior. Importantly, the relationship between the cognitive vulnerability-stress interaction and goal-directed behavior was mediated by hopelessness. Participants who experienced a decrease in goal-directed behavior had higher levels of depressive symptoms than those who did not experience a decrease in goal-directed behavior.
A split-stream ion-exchange chromatographic method for isolating glycopeptides from biological fluid.

Abstract An automatic system for detecting and isolating glycopeptides was developed in this laboratory by combining the split-stream cation-exchange chromatography (5) and the monitoring system of the carbohydrate analyzer (2). This system has proven to be useful in studying the complex urinary constituents.
Equity valuation effects of forming master limited partnerships

Abstract Equity valuation effects of decisions by corporations to shift assets to master limited partnerships (MLPs) are examined for the period 1982–1987. Positive average abnormal returns are found for (1) total conversions of corporations to MLPs (5.89%), (2) rollouts of subsets of assets by distribution of MLP equity claims to parent-firm shareholders (6.41%), and (3) rollouts of subsets of assets by public sale of MLP equity claims (2.41%). The positive effects are consistent with tax advantages, reduction in free cash flow, and information signaling. The positive effects for rollouts of subsets of assets are also consistent with reductions in information asymmetry and improvements in asset management.
Carbon dioxide from coal combustion: variation with rank of US coal

Abstract Carbon dioxide from combustion of US coal systematically varies with ASTM (Standard classification of coals by rank, ASTM D 38890. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. 1990; 05.05: 193.) rank indices, allowing the amount of CO2 produced per net unit of energy to be predicted for individual coals. No single predictive equation is applicable to all coals. Accordingly, we provide one equation for coals above high volatile bituminous rank and another for lower rank coals. When applied to public data for commercial coals from western US mines these equations show a 15% variation of kg CO2 (net GJ)−1. This range of variation suggests reduction of US CO2 emissions is possible by prudent selection of coal for combustion. Maceral and mineral content are shown to slightly affect CO2 emissions from US coal. We also suggest that CO2 emissions increased between 6 and 8% in instances where Midwestern US power plants stopped burning local, high-sulfur bituminous coal and started burning low-sulfur, subbituminous C rank coal from the western US
Collaborating to Create the Right Space for the Right Time

From classroom, to study space, to collaborative work or laboratories, students seek spatial, social, and intellectual connections, and most importantly, they seek the right space at the right time. The challenge for libraries is to provide different types of integrated spaces that balance the need to reflect and to absorb with the need to communicate and to create. The Odegaard Undergraduate Library at the University of Washington is enhancing the 32-year-old vision for collaborative spaces of learning to set the right balance between contemplative and group space and 24-hour access to the latest tools and technology.
Ocular and Systemic Morbidity in a Longitudinal Cohort of Sjögren’s Syndrome

Purpose To report vision-threatening ocular manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Design Retrospective review. Participants Consecutive patients evaluated at an SS center between January 2007 and May 2011. Methods Data collection was completed in March 2013. The 2002 American-European consensus criteria were used for diagnosis of SS. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of extraglandular ocular findings and timing of their diagnosis relative to that of SS and dry eye were assessed. Results One hundred sixty-three patients were included. Almost all patients (98%) had a history of dry eye for an average of 10.4 years (median, 7.9 years) before presentation. One or more extraglandular ocular manifestations were present in 40 patients (25%), and vision-threatening findings were present in 22 patients (13%). Twelve patients (55%) with a vision-threatening ocular finding did not have a diagnosis of SS at presentation. Sixty-eight patients (42%) had extraglandular systemic manifestations of SS. Patients with vision-threatening ocular findings were 3.9 times more likely to have systemic involvement (95% confidence interval, 1.4–11.0; P = 0.010). Peripheral neuropathy, interstitial nephritis, and vasculitis were more common in those with vision-threatening ocular findings compared with patients without ( P Conclusions These results from a tertiary referral-based cohort demonstrate that primary SS frequently is associated with ocular and systemic complications. Dry eye precedes these findings on average by 1 decade. Therefore, ophthalmologists should consider assessing for SS in patients with clinically significant dry eye.
Diagnostic aspects of psychiatric hospitalization of children.

Twelve emotionally disturbed children were studied prior to and during psychiatric hospitalization lasting three months or longer. The children went home every weekend. Accentuation of fears and conflicts about separation and increase in expression of ambivalence in both parents and children were prominent emotional reactions. Comparison of behavior on the ward and at home showed the child's capacity for change and clarified parental involvement. These effects of the process clarified diagnosis and facilitated treatment.
Experimental Comparison of Traditional Phase-Shift, Dual-Phase-Shift, and Model-Based Control of Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converters

Three different control algorithms, traditional single-phase-shift control, dual-phase-shift control (DPSC), and model-based phase-shift control (MPSC), are implemented in a hardware setup and compared for a full-bridge-based isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter. The differences among their dynamic performance and steady-state operations are quantitatively analyzed. Experimental results showed good agreement with theoretical analysis. MPSC showed the best dynamic performance, while DPSC can eliminate reactive power under light-load conditions.
Chromatin exposes intrinsic differences in the transcriptional activities of estrogen receptors α and β

The biological actions of estrogens are mediated via two distinct intranuclear estrogen receptor (ER) proteins, ERα and ERβ. We have used an in vitro chromatin assembly and transcription system to compare the transcriptional activities of the two ERs in the context of chromatin, the physiological template for transcription by RNA polymerase II. We find that under conditions where many biochemical activities of the receptors are similar (e.g. ligand binding, chromatin binding, chromatin remodeling and co-activator recruitment), liganded ERα is a much more potent transcriptional activator than ERβ with chromatin templates, but not with naked DNA. This difference is attributable to the N-terminal A/B region of ERα, which contains a transferable activation function that facilitates transcription specifically with chromatin templates. Interestingly, chromatin selectively restricts ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by ERβ under some conditions (e.g. with a closed chromatin architecture), while allowing it under other conditions (e.g. with an open chromatin architecture). Collectively, our results define an important role for chromatin in determining signaling outcomes mediated by distinct subtypes of signal-transducing transcriptional activator proteins.
PUTIN, AHMADINEJAD AND THE IRANIAN NUCLEAR CRISIS

The definitive version of this document can be found at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com This document was created using OCR technology, and may contain minor discrepancies from the published document.
Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation

Unlike eukaryotes, which evolve principally through the modification of existing genetic information, bacteria have obtained a significant proportion of their genetic diversity through the acquisition of sequences from distantly related organisms. Horizontal gene transfer produces extremely dynamic genomes in which substantial amounts of DNA are introduced into and deleted from the chromosome. These lateral transfers have effectively changed the ecological and pathogenic character of bacterial species.
Five factor model of personality disorder: Integrating science and practice

Abstract The National Institute of Mental Health has been encouraging the implementation of “translational” research, or studies that integrate basic science and applied, clinical practice. A potential exemplification of this effort would be the integration of basic science research on personality structure with the psychiatric classification of personality disorders; more specifically, a five-factor model of personality disorder. Advantages of a five-factor model of personality disorder include the provision of a precise yet comprehensive description of both normal and abnormal personality functioning, the avoidance of the many limitations and problems inherent to categorical diagnoses, and the incorporation of basic science research on general personality functioning into our understanding of personality disorders. An important goal of future research will be to evaluate its potential utility in clinical practice.
Degradation of Cellulose During Mechanical Processing Part IV: Size Reduction of Cotton in a Wiley Mill

The degradative effect of the Wiley mill on cotton samples and the variables affecting this action are discussed. It is concluded that one of the most important mill variables is blade spac ing, an...