cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigations of weak definite and weak indefinite noun phrases.

Abstract Definite noun phrases typically refer to entities that are uniquely identifiable in the speaker and addressee’s common ground. Some definite noun phrases (e.g. the hospital in Mary had to go the hospital and John did too) seem to violate this uniqueness constraint. We report six experiments that were motivated by the hypothesis that these “weak definite” interpretations arise in “incorporated” constructions. Experiments 1–3 compared nouns that seem to allow for a weak definite interpretation (e.g. hospital, bank, bus, radio ) with those that do not (e.g. farm, concert, car, book ). Experiments 1 and 2 used an instruction-following task and picture-judgment task, respectively, to demonstrate that a weak definite need not uniquely refer. In Experiment 3 participants imagined scenarios described by sentences such as The Federal Express driver had to go to the hospital/farm . Scenarios following weak definite noun phrases were more likely to include conventional activities associated with the object, whereas following regular nouns, participants were more likely to imagine scenarios that included typical activities associated with the subject; similar effects were observed with weak indefinites . Experiment 4 found that object-related activities were reduced when the same subject and object were used with a verb that does not license weak definite interpretations. In Experiment 5, a science fiction story introduced an artificial lexicon for novel concepts. Novel nouns that shared conceptual properties with English weak definite nouns were more likely to allow weak reference in a judgment task. Experiment 6 demonstrated that familiarity for definite articles and anti-familiarity for indefinite articles applies to the activity associated with the noun, consistent with predictions made by the incorporation analysis.
Use of aerial imagery to assess habitat suitability and predict site occupancy for a declining wetland-dependent bird

Remote sensing is a valuable tool for wetland habitat quantification, monitoring and assessment. Here we show that habitat assessment via aerial image inspection is useful in predicting wetland site occupancy by black terns (Chlidonias niger), an imperiled and declining species throughout much of North America. We used Google Earth® images and National Wetlands Inventory maps to rank 390 candidate wetlands throughout Wisconsin (USA) according to their apparent suitability as nesting habitat for black terns and quantified habitat features associated with the suitability rankings. We then conducted ground-based suitability assessments and point counts of terns at most wetlands from May to July 2010. Pre-survey assessment resulted in 123 wetlands classified as suitable, 81 as marginal, and 186 as unsuitable. Wetlands ranked as suitable were more likely to be in the hemi-marsh stage, part of a wetland complex and relatively undisturbed. Black terns were present at 47 % of the wetlands considered suitable but only 11 % of the sites considered marginal or unsuitable. Of the 42 sites where nesting was confirmed, 79 % were at wetlands classified as suitable; no nesting was recorded in any wetlands deemed unsuitable. We found strong concordance in wetland suitability rankings between the two assessment methods (remote sensing, site surveys). We propose that remote sensing is an efficient and inexpensive way to predict site occupancy by wetland birds, such as black terns, that prefer a specific kind of habitat discernible from aerial imagery. This method may be particularly useful in areas, such as the Prairie Pothole region of North America, where ground surveys of all wetlands are not feasible.
Multistage detection in asynchronous code-division multiple-access communications

A multiuser detection strategy for coherent demodulation in an asynchronous code-division multiple-access system is proposed and analyzed. The resulting detectors process the sufficient statistics by means of a multistage algorithm based on a scheme for annihilating successive multiple-access interference. An efficient real-time implementation of the multistage algorithm with a fixed decoding delay is obtained and shown to require a computational complexity per symbol which is linear in the number of users K. Hence, the multistage detector contrasts with the optimum demodulator, which is based on a dynamic programming algorithm, has a variable decoding delay, and has a software complexity per symbol that is exponential in K. An exact expression is obtained and used to compute the probability of error is obtained for the two-stage detector, showing that the two-stage receiver is particularly well suited for near-far situations, approaching performance of single-user communications as the interfering signals become stronger. The near-far problem is therefore alleviated. Significant performance gains over the conventional receiver are obtained even for relatively high-bandwidth-efficiency situations. >
Reconstitution of beta-adrenergic modulation of large conductance, calcium-activated potassium (maxi-K) channels in Xenopus oocytes. Identification of the camp-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site.

Abstract The human large conductance, calcium-activated potassium (maxi-K) channel (α and β subunits) and β2-adrenergic receptor genes were coexpressed inXenopus oocytes in order to study the mechanism of β-adrenergic modulation of channel function. Isoproterenol and forskolin increased maxi-K potassium channel currents in voltage-clamped oocytes expressing the receptor and both channel subunits by 33 ± 5% and 35 ± 8%, respectively, without affecting current activation or inactivation. The percentage of stimulation by isoproterenol and forskolin was not different in oocytes coexpressing the α and β subunits versus those expressing the only the α subunit, suggesting that the α subunit is the target for regulation. The stimulatory effect of isoproterenol was almost completely blocked by intracellular injection of the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) regulatory subunit, whereas injection of a cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase inhibitory peptide had little effect, indicating that cellular coupling of β2-adrenergic receptors to maxi-K channels involves endogenous cAMP-PK. Mutation of one of several potential consensus cAMP-PK phosphorylation sites (serine 869) on the α subunit almost completely inhibited β-adrenergic receptor/channel stimulatory coupling, whereas forskolin still stimulated currents moderately (16 ± 4%). These data demonstrate that physiological coupling between β2 receptors and maxi-K channels occurs by the cAMP-PK mediated phosphorylation of serine 869 on the α subunit on the channel.
Positron Emission Tomography: Instrumentation Perspectives

Current trends in positron tomography are toward instrumentation which will provide resolution finer than 7 mm FWHM and a sensitivity of 75,000 events per second, per transverse section, for 1 pCi per cm3 of activity in a 20 cm3 diameter phantom. Multiple stationary layers of tightly packed crystals with widths of 6 mm or less in circular arrays can provide adequate sampling for thorax or head PET devices. The major instrumentation problem is to achieve efficient optical coupling between crystals and photo detectors without a sacrifice of sensitivity. Sampling and coupling schemes, an analysis of the time-of-flight gains and aspects of data acquisition and display are presented.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Identification of four brain areas each enriched in a unique muscarinic receptor subtype.

Abstract The affinities of muscarinic agonists and antagonists were determined by autoradiography and image analysis in selected areas of the rat brain. IC 50 values and Hill coefficients for the inhibition of the binding of 0.2 nM [ 3 H]-QNB to dentate gyrus, superior colliculus, rhomboid thalamus and substantia nigra were measured in coronal sections. Pirenzepine displayed a high affinity for receptors in the dentate gyrus and AF-DX 116, the superior colliculus. Both pirenzepine and AF-DX 116 had high affinities for the substantia nigra and low affinities for the rhomboid thalamus. Gallamine displayed a 50-fold preference for superior colliculus over dentate gyrus receptors. Amitriptyline was less selective, showing a modest preference for substantia nigra receptors and 4-DAMP was essentially nonselective. Carbachol was the most selective agonist with a 4000-fold preference for superior colliculus over dentate gyrus receptors. Other agonists except RS 86 were also selective for superior colliculus receptors in the order carbachol ⪢ arecoline > bethanechol > McN A343 = oxotremorine = pilocarpine.
Information theoretic measures of network coordination in high-frequency scalp EEG reveal dynamic patterns associated with seizure termination.

Abstract How a seizure terminates is still under-studied and, despite its clinical importance, remains an obscure phase of seizure evolution. Recent studies of seizure-related scalp EEGs at frequencies >100Hz suggest that neural activity, in the form of oscillations and/or neuronal network interactions, may play an important role in preictal/ictal seizure evolution (Andrade-Valenca et al., 2011; Stamoulis et al., 2012). However, the role of high-frequency activity in seizure termination, is unknown, if it exists at all. Using information theoretic measures of network coordination, this study investigated ictal and immediate postictal neurodynamic interactions encoded in scalp EEGs from a relatively small sample of 8 patients with focal epilepsy and multiple seizures originating in temporal and/or frontal brain regions, at frequencies ≤100Hz and >100Hz, respectively. Despite some heterogeneity in the dynamics of these interactions, consistent patterns were also estimated. Specifically, in several seizures, linear or non-linear increase in high-frequency neuronal coordination during ictal intervals, coincided with a corresponding decrease in coordination at frequencies
Cleavable Thermosetting Epoxies: a Tool for Monitoring Cure Chemistry Perturbation at an Interface

A diepoxide containing a disulfide linkage, capable of being reductively cleaved was synthesized. This compound was cured with standard amine curing agents to form intractable network polymers, which were then decomposed into soluble fragments, allowing the effects of network formation on cure chemistry to be evaluated. This system was then used to investigate the effects of an alumina interface on epoxy network formation.
Environmental Impacts of Peat Mining in the United States: Documentation for Wetland Conservation

In this paper we present documentation for the realistic assessment of the concept of peat as an energy alternative in the United States. A proposal to mine peat in north-central Florida provides the framework from which a community worksheet for the evaluation of a peat-mining proposal has been developed. Documentation is also given of crucial local and regional environmental impacts that would result from large-scale disturbance of peatlands and the subsequent removal of peat, among which are:1) toxic-metal release from peat,2) eutrophication of surface waters,3) increased runoff (including flooding and impacts on fisheries),4) release of organic pollutants,5) changes of salt and freshwater systems,6) changes in ground-water supply, and7) air pollution and fires.Other community concerns, such as zoning regulations, sewage disposal impacts, and disruption of stable industries, must also be considered.
Magneto-resistive head thermal asperity digital compensation

Accompanying the MR (magnetoresistive) head is the problem of thermal asperities which can cause unrecoverable errors if improperly compensated. The authors describe inexpensive digital techniques used with a sampling detector that significantly reduce the chances of thermal-asperity-induced unrecoverable errors. Disk file testing with simulated thermal asperities demonstrated a significant reduction of data errors using the ADC (analog-to-digital converter) expanded headroom technique. Use of the timing and gain correction hold scheme showed a reduction of data synchronization failures from thermal asperities. The value of these techniques has been shown in the ability to reduce thermal-asperity-caused error burst lengths to match the error correction code capability of a disk drive. >
Lignin extraction from biomass with protic ionic liquids

A highly effective method has been developed for the simple extraction of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass using a potentially inexpensive protic ionic liquid (PIL). After the lignin-extraction step, the PIL is easily recovered using distillation leaving the separated lignin and cellulose-rich residues available for further processing. Biopolymer solubility tests indicate that increasing the xylan (i.e., hemicellulose) solubility in the PIL results in greater fiber disruption/penetration, which significantly enhances the effectiveness of the lignin extraction.
Efficient designs for comparing test treatments with a control

SUMMARY The work of Pearce is studied in relation to the recent research on designs for control versus test comparisons. A condition for a nonorthogonal design to be most efficient is given, and a lower bound to the average variance of supplemented contrasts is obtained.
Voice and silence: Why groups take credit for acts of terror

Terrorism is designed to draw attention to particular issues and causes. Yet, the incidence of credit-taking (announcing one’s responsibility for acts of terror) varies even though anonymity can undermine the clarity of the intended messages. This article offers an explanation of the variation in credit-taking that emphasizes how the competitive context in which groups operate shapes terrorists groups’ need to cultivate support for their activities. Increasing numbers of terrorist organizations make it difficult for the supporters of terrorism to reward the perpetrators of particular attacks with their backing. Since such support is critical to the proper functioning of terrorist organizations, groups use claims of responsibility to distinguish themselves from those that had no hand in the violence. Consequently, variation in the probability of credit-taking fluctuates as a function of the number of active terrorist groups in a given theater of operations. This argument is contrasted with theories that su...
PEDS and ASQ developmental screening tests may not identify the same children.

OBJECTIVE: In analyzing data from a larger study, we noticed significant disagreement between results of 2 commonly used developmental screening tools (Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status [PEDS; parent concern questionnaire] and Ages & Stages Questionnaires [ASQ; parent report of developmental skills]) delivered to children at the same visit in primary care. The screens have favorable reported psychometric properties and can be efficient to use in practice; however, there is little comparative information about the relative performance of these tools in primary care. We sought to describe the agreement between the 2 screens in this setting. METHODS: Parents of 60 children aged 9 to 31 months completed PEDS and ASQ screens at the same visit. Concordance (PEDS and ASQ results agree) and discordance (results differ) for the 2 screens were determined. RESULTS: The mean age of children was 17.6 months, 77% received Medicaid, and 50% of parents had a high school education or less. Overall, 37% failed the PEDS and 27% failed the ASQ. Thirty-one children passed (52%) both screens; 9 (15%) failed both; and 20 (33%) failed 1 but not the other (13 PEDS and 7 ASQ). Agreement between the 2 screening tests was only fair, statistically no different from agreement by chance. CONCLUSIONS: There was substantial discordance between PEDS and ASQ developmental screens. Although these are preliminary data, clinicians need to be aware that in implementing revised American Academy of Pediatrics screening guidelines, the choice of screening instrument may affect which children are likely to be identified for additional evaluation.
Is It Time for Clinicians to Routinely Track Patient Outcome? A Meta‐Analysis

Empirically supported psychotherapies, treatment guidelines, best practices, and treatment manuals are methods proposed to enhance treatment outcomes in routine practice. Patient-focused research systems provide a compatible and contrasting methodology. Such systems monitor and feed back information about a patient's progress during psychotherapy for the purpose of enhancing outcomes. A meta-analytic review of three large-scale studies is summarized and suggests that formally monitoring patient progress has a significant impact on clients who show a poor initial response to treatment. Implementation of this feedback system reduced deterioration by 4% to 8% and increased positive outcomes. Our interpretation of these results suggests that it may be time for clinicians routinely and formally to monitor patient treatment response.
Completing the cycle: meaningful course evaluations

Good educational practice, to say nothing of standards imposed by every regional accrediting association, mandate that an educational institution perform ongoing evaluations of academic programs. Perhaps the most prevalent method in which schools address this mandate is to use a general-purpose 'smile sheet' that attempts to measure the student's satisfaction with the course. This type of evaluation is certainly flawed. Although there have been a number of studies supporting the reliability and validity of these general-purpose instruments, they do not provide the granularity of feedback necessary for the instructor to make decisions regarding changes necessary or desirable in future iterations of the course. This presentation will discuss the results of a study that tested the efficacy of a system for evaluating courses at the design level based upon the test matrix approach commonly used in software engineering. Three questions are addressed: 1) what data are necessary for meaningful design-level assessment; 2) how can that data be gathered and 3) how can that data be interpreted.
Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has provided remarkable benefits for people with a variety of neurologic conditions. Stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus can dramatically relieve tremor associated with essential tremor or Parkinson disease (PD). Similarly, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or the internal segment of the globus pallidus can substantially reduce bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and gait difficulties in people with PD. Multiple groups are attempting to extend this mode of treatment to other conditions. Yet, the precise mechanism of action of DBS remains uncertain. Such studies have importance that extends beyond clinical therapeutics. Investigations of the mechanisms of action of DBS have the potential to clarify fundamental issues such as the functional anatomy of selected brain circuits and the relationship between activity in those circuits and behavior. Although we review relevant clinical issues, we emphasize the importance of current and future investigations on these topics.
Distributed small signal model for multi-fingered GaAs PHEMT/MESFET devices

A fully distributed equivalent circuit PHEMT and MESFET model is presented in closed form expressions for single finger end-fed FET geometry. The model includes self and mutual inductances and a new frequency dependent gate resistance. The model was used successfully to model multi-fingered devices which were subjected to equi-phase gate and drain excitations. Comparisons between measured data and model results are shown to be in excellent agreement for all S-parameters to 50 GHz regardless of unit gate width. Scaling issues are also investigated for the new distributed model.
Display time as implicit feedback: understanding task effects

Recent research has had some success using the length of time a user displays a document in their web browser as implicit feedback for document preference. However, most studies have been confined to specific search domains, such as news, and have not considered the effects of task on display time, and the potential impact of this relationship on the effectiveness of display time as implicit feedback. We describe the results of an intensive naturalistic study of the online information-seeking behaviors of seven subjects during a fourteen-week period. Throughout the study, subjects' online information-seeking activities were monitored with various pieces of logging and evaluation software. Subjects were asked to identify the tasks with which they were working, classify the documents that they viewed according to these tasks, and evaluate the usefulness of the documents. Results of a user-centered analysis demonstrate no general, direct relationship between display time and usefulness, and that display times differ significantly according to specific task, and according to specific user.
Off-label prescribing of medications for pain: maintaining optimal care at an intersection of law, public policy, and ethics.

For more than 60 years, regulations limited marketing of medications for off-label uses to very low levels. Some key policy changes in the late 1990s ushered in an era of deregulation of off-label ...
Spectroscopy and hot electron relaxation dynamics in semiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots.

▪ Abstract Photoexcitation of a semiconductor with photons above the semiconductor band gap creates electrons and holes that are out of equilibrium. The rates at which the photogenerated charge carriers return to equilibrium via thermalization through carrier scattering, cooling by phonon emission, and radiative and nonradiative recombination are important issues. The relaxation processes can be greatly affected by quantization effects that arise when the carriers are confined to regions of space that are small compared with their deBroglie wavelength or the Bohr radius of bulk excitons. The effects of size quantization in semiconductor quantum wells (carrier confinement in one dimension) and quantum dots (carrier confinement in three dimensions) on the respective carrier relaxation processes are reviewed, with emphasis on electron cooling dynamics. The implications of these effects for applications involving radiant energy conversion are also discussed.
The Imperative of Outcome Assessment in Psychiatry

This report describes the current conceptualization of outcome assessment in psychiatry and focuses on how assessment instruments can be built into psychiatric facility-based practice. First, the d...
Demonstration of a low-voltage resonant modulator based on the folded cavity design

A low-voltage folded cavity resonant modulator, based on shallow-etched ridge waveguides combined with four deeply etched turning mirrors is demonstrated. The resonant modulator exhibit a high quality factor in the excess of 5000, low insertion loss, greater than 22 dB extinction at resonance and offers low-voltage operation. A change in the applied voltage by 0.7 V leads to transmission change of more than 16 dB. The DC performance of the modulator is presented
Dispositions without Conditionals

Dispositions are modal properties. The standard conception of dispositions holds that each disposition is individuated by its stimulus condition(s) and its manifestation(s), and that their modality is best captured by some conditional construction that relates stimulus to manifestation as antecedent to consequent. I propose an alternative conception of dispositions: each disposition is individuated by its manifestation alone, and its modality is closest to that of possibility � a fragile vase, for instance, is one that can break easily. The view is expounded in some detail and defended against the major objections.
Navigating New Worlds: A Real-Time Look at How Successful and Non-Successful First-Generation College Students Negotiate Their First Semesters.

This study of fifteen first generation American college freshmen documents their initial semester with a focus on factors and dispositions contributing to eventual success or failure. Students were identified prior to campus arrival, allowing for immediate and real-time data collection as they were experiencing the beginning of their college careers. Key factors identified and explored include the importance of active help-seeking, effective management of unstructured time, the dangers of underestimating academic rigor, and the crucial nature of the first two weeks. Suggestions for how the findings may be of practical use, as well as further research implications, are included.
Approaching the immunophysiology of steroid resistance

Wang and colleagues have investigated a mechanistic basis for resistance to steroid therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Their examination reveals significant differences in macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-dependent expression of IκB, which is a critical cellular regulator of the broadly proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Their studies also suggest that MIF may be a clinically useful biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosus and support the therapeutic targeting of MIF as a means to reduce clinical steroid resistance.
Asymptotic level density for a class of vector quantization processes

It is shown that for a class of vector quantization processes, related to neural modeling, that the asymptotic density Q(x) of the quantization levels in one dimension in terms of the input signal distribution P(x) is a power law Q(x)=C-P(x)/sup alpha /, where the exponent alpha depends on the number n of neighbors on each side of a unit and is given by alpha =2/3-1/(3n/sup 2/+3(n+1)/sup 2/). The asymptotic level density is calculated, and Monte Carlo simulations are presented. >
Global modeling of soil nitrous oxide emissions from natural processes

[1] Nitrous oxide is an important greenhouse gas and is a major ozone‒depleting substance. To understand and quantify soil nitrous oxide emissions, we expanded the Community Land Model with coupled Carbon and Nitrogen cycles version 3.5 by inserting a module to estimate monthly varying nitrous oxide emissions between 1975 and 2008. We evaluate our soil N2O emission estimates against existing emissions inventories, other process‒based model estimates, and observations from sites in the Amazon, North America, Central America, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and in Europe. The model reproduces precipitation, soil temperature, and observations of N2O emissions well at some but not at all sites and especially not during winter in the higher latitudes. Applying this model to estimate the past 24 years of global soil N2O emissions, we find that there is a significant decrease (increase) in soil N2O emissions associated with El Nino (La Nina) events.
A multi-modeling approach using simulation and optimization for supply-chain network systems.

Enabling two large complex models that use different types of execution algorithms to work together is a difficult problem. The semantics between the models must be matched and the execution of the algorithms have to be coordinated in a way that the data I/O timing is correct, the syntax and semantics of the data I/O to each algorithm is accurate, the synchronization of control is maintained, and the algorithms concurrent execution is managed. In this work, an approach is developed that uses a Knowledge Interchange Broker (KIB) to enable composition of general optimization and discrete process models consistent with their respective execution algorithms. The KIB provides a model specification that matches data and control semantics across two distinct classes of optimization and discrete process models. The KIB has a sequential execution algorithm in which two independent execution algorithms are synchronized. A domain where this kind of problem is seen is in the development of computational models of real world discrete manufacturing supply chain network systems. Modeling these systems require that the planning systems, manufacturing process flows, and their interactions to be concisely described. Planning systems generally use optimization algorithms for calculating future instructions to command what the manufacturing processes build. Manufacturing processes are commonly modeled using discrete event simulations. For supply chain network systems, the planning and manufacturing models can be very large. The KIB is an enabler for correctly combining these models into semantically consistent multi-models. Two common types of models used for planning and manufacturing are Linear Programming (LP) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES). In this work, a KIB has been developed and demonstrated on a set of theoretical representative semiconductor supply-chain network problems using LP and DES. The approach has then been successfully applied to integrating planning and simulation models of real-world problems seen at Intel Corporation's multi-billon dollar supply-chain network.
Factors associated with disability in a sample of adults with arthritis.

Abstract Background Arthritis is the most common cause of disability among US adults. Few studies have comprehensively examined factors associated with disability in this population. Objective To investigate the relationship between a number of disease and non-disease related factors and disability in sample of adults with self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis. Methods Participants ( n = 396) taking part in a randomized controlled trial of arthritis self-management completed a comprehensive survey assessing a number of demographic, arthritis-specific, health-related, behavioral, and psychological variables at baseline. Disability, as measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), was also measured. Hierarchical regression models examined the independent associations between blocks of variables and disability. Results Demographic variables ( R 2 = 0.13), arthritis-specific demographics (i.e., type, medication use; Δ R 2 = 0.16), physical health-related variables (Δ R 2 = 0.06), arthritis-specific symptoms (Δ R 2 = 0.12), health behaviors (Δ R 2 = 0.00), and psychological variables (Δ R 2 = 0.03) explained 50% of the variance in disability score ( R 2 = 0.50). With the exception of health behaviors, the addition of each block of variables significantly improved the model, explaining additional variance in HAQ scores ( p Conclusions A number of disease and non-disease related variables were associated with disability. These findings suggest that disability in adults with arthritis may be a complicated phenomenon; such complexity may make decreasing disability in this population challenging.
Targeting of the SUN protein Mps3 to the inner nuclear membrane by the histone variant H2A.Z.

Understanding the relationship between chromatin and proteins at the nuclear periphery, such as the conserved SUN family of inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins, is necessary to elucidate how three-dimensional nuclear architecture is established and maintained. We found that the budding yeast SUN protein Mps3 directly binds to the histone variant H2A.Z but not other histones. Biochemical and genetic data indicate that the interaction between Mps3 and H2A.Z requires the Mps3 N-terminal acidic domain and unique sequences in the H2A.Z N terminus and histone-fold domain. Analysis of binding-defective mutants showed that the Mps3–H2A.Z interaction is not essential for any previously described role for either protein in nuclear organization, and multiple lines of evidence suggest that Mps3–H2A.Z binding occurs independently of H2A.Z incorporation into chromatin. We demonstrate that H2A.Z is required to target a soluble Mps3 fragment to the nucleus and to localize full-length Mps3 in the INM, indicating that H2A.Z has a novel chromatin-independent function in INM targeting of SUN proteins.
What Does Language Remember?: Indexical Inversion and the Naturalized History of Japanese Women

This article explores the production of naturalized temporality and its ideological effects by focusing on the semiotic process of indexical order. Linguistic practice is linked with the exercise of power not only by constructing intersubjective social reality in an ongoing communicative process, but also, and perhaps more powerfully, by constructing an historical narrative that logically unfolds from the (naturalized) indexical order. Drawing on the case of the historical development of “women’s language” in Japanese, the article discusses how an indexical order produces a tacit natural history of Japanese women, which surreptitiously turns gender inequality into nature. [gender and nationalism, Japanese women’s language, indexical inversion, indexical order, gender and language]
Crude, Cash and Culture Change: The Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador

In the Ecuadorian Amazon, the Huaorani are the indigenous group most recently assimilated into the country’s social, political, and economic order. With vast reserves of oil located under Huaorani land, this Native Amazonian population has quickly become integrated into national and international markets. The focus of this study is on one Huaorani community, Gareno, which is located along an oil road a few hours from the town of Tena, the capital of Napo Province. Community members were interviewed in order to better understand why they lived along the oil road and how they felt it impacted their daily lives. Responses showed that the residents have chosen to live and stay in Gareno specifically because of the health and education opportunities the road provides. The fact that they have chosen these benefits and economic opportunity over a pristine forest refutes the idea of the “noble savage,” which has been ingrained into Western society ever since Europeans first stepped on New World soil in the 15 th century. The image of the noble savage portrays indigenous people living in a so called “wilderness” as romanticized innocents in ecological harmony, isolated from the outside world, and uncorrupted by civilization. This view is inappropriate for groups like the Huaorani because it places them on an ecological pedestal and distorts their true condition. Rather than perpetuating this romanticized Western view of indigenous peoples, studies need to be conducted to better understand their contemporary challenges, responses, and opinions. As the people of Gareno look to further improve their quality of life through development, it is important to consider sustainable methods by which this can be completed as well as how national and international non-governmental organizations can facilitate such progress.
Applying plant functional types to construct biome maps from eastern North American pollen data: comparisons with model results

Abstract Global biome models like BIOME1 convert climate-model simulations of past climates into biome distributions and thus facilitate comparison of both climate and biome model results with biomes estimate from paleoecological data. We adapted a biomization method, recently developed for European pollen data, for use with pollen data in eastern North America and then compared its estimated biomes with those derived from applying BIOME1 to the climate simulations from the NCAR CCM1 (National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, Version 1) for 6000 years ago (6 ka). We first tested the biomization method by seeing how well the biomes inferred from modern pollen data match observed biomes. We found that modifications to the method were necessary in part to account for physiological differences between North American and European taxa, and in part to cope with our choice of using just 23 major pollen taxa. Our modifications significantly improved the match between observed modern biomes and pollen-derived biomes, as measured by the kappa statistic. We tested our tuning of the biomization method by matching its inferred 6 ka biomes to biomes estimated from pollen data using the modern analog technique. The degree of agreement at 6 ka is close to that for today, showing that (1) the biomization method and modern analog technique, when applied to the same pollen data, produce consistent results, and (2) the modifications made to the biomization method are robust back to 6 ka. We then used the results of the biomization method to test the biome maps simulated by BIOME1, which derives biome distributions from observed climate values for today and from the climatic simulations of the CCM1 for 6 ka. Only a fair agreement is seen, and significant offsets exist in the placement of biomes by BIOME1. For today BIOME1 simulates the boundary between the temperate deciduous and cool mixed forests to be too far south and the steppe-forest boundary to be too far west. These model biases are also evident in the simulations at 6 ka despite the fact that CCM1 simulates warmer than present temperatures in the central United States. To the north, however, BIOME1 correctly simulates the cool mixed forest and taiga boundary at 6 ka as more northwestward than at present.
Practical Tips for Creating Online Videos

This document is intended to assist someone with no prior experience (or only limited experience) in creating online videos. The beginner will find tips and simple instructions on video creation logistics, along with links to helpful resources and products. Although this document does not address pedagogical considerations related to creating and using online videos for your class, further guidance is available in Flipping the Classroom: Optimizing the Law School Classroom, 20 THE LAW TEACHER 58 (2013). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2325195.
BioFVM: an efficient, parallelized diffusive transport solver for 3-D biological simulations.

Motivation: Computational models of multicellular systems require solving systems of PDEs for release, uptake, decay and diffusion of multiple substrates in 3D, particularly when incorporating the impact of drugs, growth substrates and signaling factors on cell receptors and subcellular systems biology. Results: We introduce BioFVM, a diffusive transport solver tailored to biological problems. BioFVM can simulate release and uptake of many substrates by cell and bulk sources, diffusion and decay in large 3D domains. It has been parallelized with OpenMP, allowing efficient simulations on desktop workstations or single supercomputer nodes. The code is stable even for large time steps, with linear computational cost scalings. Solutions are first-order accurate in time and second-order accurate in space. The code can be run by itself or as part of a larger simulator. Availability and implementation: BioFVM is written in C ++ with parallelization in OpenMP. It is maintained and available for download at http://BioFVM.MathCancer.org and http://BioFVM.sf.net under the Apache License (v2.0). Contact: ude.csu@nilkcam.luap. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Vascular and airway pressures, and intersititial edema, affect peribronchial fluid pressure

Peribronchial-perivascular fluid pressure (Px(f) was measured relative to pleural pressure in six freshly excised dog lobes. Rapidly equilibrating saline-filled open-end catheters were inserted between lobar bronchus and artery to depths of 3 cm from the hilum. Px(f) was -4 to -8 cmH2O at resting lung volume and became more negative as transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) was increased, and less negative as vascular volume was increased. For example, at constnat Ptp = 30 cmH2O, mean Px(f) rose, respectively, from -35 to -31, -24, -16, and -4 cmH2O, as vascular pressure (Ppa/pv) was increased from -15 to 0, +10, +20, and +30 cmH2O. Lung weight rose steadily at Ppa/pv above 10, reflecting the development of edema. Px(f) had a significant hysteresis with respect to Ptp, being more negative in deflation. As lung edema developed, Px(f) became progressively less negative or slightly positive (even at high Ptp and low Ppa/pv) and hysteresis diminished. Modified wick catheters employed in four additional lobes gave simi...
Poor compliance makes treatment of latent tuberculosis infection unsatisfactory.

Objectives: The recommended treatment for latent tuberculosis infection is isoniazid for 9 months, but this regimen has a low completion rate. The authors wanted to compare treatment with isoniazid...
Inspection of thick welded joints using laser-ultrasonic SAFT

The detection of defects in thick butt joints in the early phase of multi-pass arc welding would be very valuable to reduce cost and time in the necessity of reworking. As a non-contact method, the laser-ultrasonic technique (LUT) has the potential for the automated inspection of welds, ultimately online during manufacturing. In this study, testing has been carried out using LUT combined with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) on 25 and 50mm thick butt welded joints of steel both completed and partially welded. EDM slits of 2 or 3mm height were inserted at different depths in the multi-pass welding process to simulate a lack of fusion. Line scans transverse to the weld are performed with the generation and detection laser spots superimposed directly on the surface of the weld bead. A CCD line camera is used to simultaneously acquire the surface profile for correction in the SAFT processing. All artificial defects but also real defects are visualized in the investigated thick butt weld specimens, either completed or partially welded after a given number of passes. The results obtained clearly show the potential of using the LUT with SAFT for the automated inspection of arc welds or hybrid laser-arc welds during manufacturing.
Increased Post-Operative Stiffness after Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Biceps Tenodesis.

Objectives: Biceps tenodesis can be performed open or arthroscopically and can be positioned in a suprapectoral or subpectoral position. Suprapectoral tenodesis can be carried out arthroscopically, whereas the subpectoral tenodesis is performed as an open procedure. The goal of this study is to compare the incidence of postoperative stiffness between arthroscopic suprapectoral and open subpectoral biceps tenodesis and evaluate risk factors for its occurrence.
Divisibility and Injectivity

Most perfect objects in the category of abelian groups are those groups in which we can also ‘divide:’ for every element a and for every positive integer n, the equation nx = a has a (not necessarily unique) solution for x in the group. These objects are the divisible groups which are universal in the sense that every group can be embedded as a subgroup in a suitable divisible group.
RNA Polymerase Collision versus DNA Structural Distortion: Twists and Turns Can Cause Break Failure

The twisting of DNA due to the movement of RNA polymerases is the basis of numerous classic experiments in molecular biology. Recent mouse genetic models indicate that chromosomal breakage is common at sites of transcriptional turbulence. Two key studies on this point mapped breakpoints to sites of either convergent or divergent transcription but arrived at different conclusions as to which is more detrimental and why. The issue hinges on whether DNA strand separation is the basis for the chromosomal instability or collision of RNA polymerases.
Dynamic simulation test of PAC-4000A auto voltage control system for power plant

This paper introduces scheme and result of PAC-4000A power plant auto voltage control system dynamic simulation test. As an important part of grid auto voltage control system, formerly power plant auto voltage control system had no effective measure to check principal and control result before device operation because of technical and test condition limitation. Based on introduction of PAC-4000A power plant auto voltage control system and its 500kV dynamic simulation test model, this paper essentially describes test contents below, including plant external system equivalent resistance recognition,similar stable region adjust algorithm test, and auto bus voltage keeping test, etc. Test result shows this device has good performance. This test model system can also be promoted to other distributed control system dynamic simulation test.
A study on dose-response relationship between cumulative noise exposure and human hearing loss

Objective To analyze the dose- response relationship between cumulative noise exposure( CNE) based on individual noise exposure levels and human hearing loss. Methods 98 non- Gaussian noise exposed workers in a steel mill and a steel constructed factory and 26 Gaussian noise exposed workers in a textile mill were enrolled in this study. The eight- hour continuous A- weighted equivalent noise level( LAeq. 8h) was detected by dosimeters and the exposure periods were recorded. The LAeq. 8hand exposure periods were combined into CNE. Questionnaires and hearing loss testing were performed for all subjects. Results Under the circumstance of similar CNE between non- Gaussian noise exposed group and Gaussian noise exposed group,the high frequency hearing loss rate( 61. 22%) in non- Gaussian noise exposed group was significantly higher than that in Gaussian noise exposed group( P 0. 05). Stratification analysis and chi- square test showed there was dose- response relationship between CNE and the high frequency hearing loss rate. The correlation coefficient between CNE and hearing loss was higher than that between LAeq. 8hand hearing loss. Conclusion CNE based on individual noise levels could effectively evaluate the risk of human high frequency hearing loss by non- Gaussian noise or Gaussian noise.
Are There Spillover Effects from the GI Bill? The Mental Health of Wives of Korean War Veterans.

Background The Korean War GI Bill provided economic benefits for veterans, thereby potentially improving their health outcomes. However potential spillover effects on veteran wives have not been evaluated. Methods Data from wives of veterans eligible for the Korean War GI Bill (N = 128) and wives of non-veterans (N = 224) from the Health and Retirement Study were matched on race and coarsened birth year and childhood health using coarsened exact matching. Number of depressive symptoms in 2010 (average age = 78) were assessed using a modified, validated Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Regression analyses were stratified into low (mother < 8 years schooling / missing data, N = 95) or high (mother ≥ 8 years schooling, N = 257) childhood socio-economic status (cSES) groups, and were adjusted for birth year and childhood health, as well as respondent’s educational attainment in a subset of analyses. Results Husband’s Korean War GI Bill eligibility did not predict depressive symptoms among veteran wives in pooled analysis or cSES stratified analyses; analyses in the low cSES subgroup were underpowered (N = 95, β = -0.50, 95% Confidence Interval: (-1.35, 0.35), p = 0.248, power = 0.28). Conclusions We found no evidence of a relationship between husband’s Korean War GI Bill eligibility and wives’ mental health in these data, however there may be a true effect that our analysis was underpowered to detect.
High-signal intraventricular cysticercosis on T1-weighted MR imaging.

We recently encountered a case of intraventricular cysticercosis in which the cyst had an unusually high signal on T1-weighted MR imaging. Pathologic studies showed cyst degeneration. Since the surgical management of these patients partly depends on the physiologic state of the cyst, the radiologist should recognize MR's ability to depict those life-cycle stages
Bovine retinal microvascular pericytes : isolation, propagation, and identification.

The growth of new capillaries from existing vessels (angiogenesis) is of fundamental importance in wound healing and in pathological situations such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (1), rheumatoid arthritis (2), and tumor growth. Consequently, considerable interest in vascular cell biology has arisen in apparently disparate clinical and experimental fields. Held in common, however, is the hope that an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate angiogenesis will lead to novel therapeutic agents and targets.