cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sacrococcygeal teratoma: a 33-year experience.

Abstract During the years 1941 through 1973, 48 patients, 16 males and 32 females, with sacrococcygeal teratoma were seen at the Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles. Forty-four patients have been followed, three are lost to follow-up, and one patient died 2 wk after excision of teratoma. Of the 44 patients with follow-up, 26 had teratoma with mature tissues only, all these patients are living. Six patients had tumor containing mature and embryonic tissues. Of these, five are living and one died with metastases of malignant teratoma 1 yr after excision of the primary tumor. Of the remaining 12 patients, 11 have died during the first 4 yr of life due to malignant teratoma and only one is living without recurrence 15 yr after excision of teratoma containing frankly neoplastic tissues. Recurrence and/or metastasis of malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma was lethal in all instances.
Ionization of hydrogen atoms by electron impact

Abstract Cross sections for the ionization of hydrogen atoms by electron impact have been computed for incident energies from threshold up to 54 eV. A projection technique has been used in conjunction with a variational pseudostate calculation.
Smoothness of solutions for delay-difference equations

Abstract For the delay-difference equation, x(n+1) = f(n, x(n), x(n−ϕ(n))), satisfying x(j) = τ(j), j belonging to an initial segment, smooth dependence of a solution, x(n, τ), with respect to τ, is considered.
Experimental Investigation for Chemo-Mechanical Actuation Using Biological Transport Mechanisms

Plants have the ability to develop large mechanical force from chemical energy available with bio-fuels. The energy released by the cleavage of a terminal phosphate ion during the hydrolysis of bio-fuel assists the transport of ions and fluids in cellular homeostasis. Materials that develop pressure and hence strain similar to the response of plants to an external stimuli are classified as nastic materials. Calculations for controlled actuation of an active material inspired by biological transport mechanism demonstrated the feasibility of developing such a material with actuation energy densities on the order of 100kJ/m3 by Sundaresan et. al [2004]. The mathematical model for a simplified proof of concept actuator referred to as micro hydraulic actuator uses ion transporters extracted from plants reconstituted on a synthetic bilayer lipid membrane (BLM). Thermodynamic model of the concept actuator discussed in Sundaresan et. al [2005] predicted the ability to develop 5% normalized deformation in thickness of the micro-hydraulic actuator. Our experimental demonstration of controlled fluid transport through AtSUT4 reconstituted on a 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] (Sodium Salt) (POPS), 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (POPE) BLM on lead silicate glass plate having an array of 50 μm holes driven by proton gradient is discussed here.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A spin correction procedure for unrestricted Hartree-Fock and Møller-Plesset wavefunctions for singlet diradicals and polyradicals

Abstract A spin correction procedure for removing the spin contamination from unrestricted Hartree-Fock and Moller-Plesset wavefunctions for singlet diradicals is examined. Removal of the spin contamination is essential for calculation of reasonable singlet-triplet energy gaps. The convergence of the perturbation series is also substantially improved for polyradicals (spin contamination from more than the next-highest state) such as H 2 O, NH 2 and CH 2 with XH bonds twice their equilibrium lengths.
HP-GPC Characterization of Rejuvenated Aged CRM Binders

The recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is typically achieved by adding a rejuvenating agent into the mix. The addition of the rejuvenating agent leads to adjusting the compositions and consequently improving the physical and performance properties of the rejuvenated aged binders in the RAP. Many rubberized pavements, around the country, are over 15 years old and some of them are a candidate for recycling. Therefore, there is a need to study the effects of rejuvenating agents on aged crumb rubber modified binders (CRM binders). This paper presents a study characterizing the blends of laboratory-aged CRM binders and rejuvenating agents using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), resulting in the development of empirical models to predict selected properties of the blends. Three aged CRM binders and two aged control binders (PG 76-22) were mixed with either a rejuvenator or a softer binder at different concentrations to determine the influence of the various asphalt binders and the rejuvenating agents on the chromatographic profiles. The results indicated the compositional changes of the blends containing various percentages of either the rejuvenator or the softer binder are well reflected by the GPC profiles. The large molecular size (LMS) of the blends decreased and the small molecular size (SMS) increased as the percentage of the rejuvenator agents increased regardless of the type of aged binders or the rejuvenating agents. The empirical prediction models for Superpave binder properties (viscosity and high-failure temperature) were developed using LMS and SMS. The predicted values showed a high correlation with the viscosity and the high-failure temperature of binders.
Cerebrospinal fluid shunt-induced chorea: case report and review of the literature on shunt-related movement disorders

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion by shunting provides effective management of hydrocephalus.1 However, complication rates of CSF shunts range from 5% to 50%.1–3 Most common are shunt infections and mechanical failures; these may lead either to underdrainage (with re-emergence of hydrocephalus) or overdrainage (with intracranial hypotension and its potential complications, eg, subdural hematoma).3 ,4 Misplacement and migration of shunt catheters may cause seizures, intracerebral haemorrhage, and/or focal neurologic deficits, such as hemiparesis.1 ,2 We report a case of hemichorea after CSF shunt placement, and review the literature on CSF shunt-related movement disorders. A 20-year-old woman with congenital hydrocephalus treated by CSF shunting presented with a purulent discharge from the …
The nature of fuel provision for the Na+,K(+)‐ATPase in porcine vascular smooth muscle.

1. The specific contributions of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative metabolism to Na+ pump activity were quantitated in porcine carotid arteries under aerobic conditions. 2. Active reaccumulation of potassium by potassium-depleted tissues could be supported by oxidative metabolism alone, anaerobic metabolism in the presence of glucose, or a combination of oxidative metabolism and aerobic glycolysis, but not under anaerobic conditions in the absence of glucose. 3. Increasing levels of potassium added to potassium-depleted arteries under aerobic conditions resulted first in stimulation of aerobic lactate release which saturated at 0.028-0.036 mumol min-1 g-1, which was then followed by a stimulation of oxidative metabolism. This behaviour is opposite to the classic Pasteur effect. 4. The dependence of potassium uptake and lactate release on the concentration of potassium added to potassium-depleted arteries ('potassium re-entry concentration') under aerobic conditions were qualitatively similar. The K0.5 (concentration at which the velocity is half-maximally activated) and Vmax (the maximum velocity) for lactate release were 1.2 +/- 0.3 mM and 0.037 mumol min-1 g-1, respectively; those for K+ uptake were 4.3 +/- 0.4 mM and 0.399 mumol min-1 g-1. 5. The stoichiometric ratio between potassium uptake and ATP as calculated from lactate release approximated theoretical values of 2:1 (assuming 1 ATP per lactate) when potassium re-entry concentrations were less than 2 mM; higher concentrations of potassium produced ratios up to 9:1. 6. Physiological pump rates, as determined by potassium efflux studies, corresponded to potassium re-entry concentrations of less than or equal to 2 mM, the same potassium re-entry concentrations where the stoichiometry between potassium transport and aerobic glycolysis approximated the theoretical ratio of 2:1. Increases in oxidative metabolism were not detected in this range, but were detected at potassium re-entry concentrations of greater than or equal to 4 mM. 7. It was concluded that at physiological Na+ pump rates, aerobic glycolytic metabolism supported the N+,K(+)-ATPase; at higher pump rates, oxidative metabolism was required for pump support as well.
Capsule Endoscopy: A Primer for the Endoscopist: Ten Ways to Prevent Capsule Retention and Delayed Passage

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel) has become an increasingly important part of the workup for diseases of the small bowel. Although a relatively safe diagnostic tool, a small percentage of patients undergoing WCE will retain the capsule endoscope. There are strategies the endoscopist may use to minimize the complication of capsule retention, the most important of which is to thoroughly prescreen patients being considered for WCE. In patients that have risk factors, order appropriate studies before proceeding with WCE. In patients where probable complicating pathology has been identified, reconsider using the WCE or use strategies such as endoscopic-guided capsule endoscopy to avoid potential problems.
Small Error Dynamics and the Predictability of Atmospheric Flows.

In this paper, linear small-error theory is applied to the study of weather predictability. A simple baroclinic shear model and a barotropic channel model with a localized jet are used as examples. It is shown that increase in error on synoptic forecast time scales is controlled by rapidly growing perturbations that are not of normal mode form. Unpredictable regimes are not necessarily associated with larger exponential growth rates than are relatively more predictable regimes. Model problems illustrating baroclinic and barotropic dynamics suggest that asymptotic measures of divergence in phase space, while applicable in the limit of infinite time, may not be appropriate over time intervals addressed by present synoptic forecast.
Investigation into Impact of Fluctuations in Gasoline Prices and Macroeconomic Conditions on Road Safety in Developed Countries

In most developed countries, the total number of road fatalities peaked in the 1970s. Although the data for road fatalities show a distinctive downward trend, a secondary signal that is more cyclical in nature is also evident. These cyclical variations closely track macroeconomic conditions (usually represented by the unemployment rate) and gasoline prices. While the relationship between transportation safety and unemployment and gasoline prices has been investigated, studies have looked at these variables in isolation from other important factors that affect traffic safety. Accordingly, the authors have developed a comprehensive conceptual model that considers a wide array of factors influencing traffic safety and uses this framework to inform an empirical model. For the study of variation across both time and location, a panel data model was employed, with observations for 16 industrialized countries between 1990 and 2010. In the panel model, the dependent variable was fatality per population, and gas p...
Planning for space telerobotics: the remote mission specialist

A brief history of planning research done by the group that produced the RMS (remote mission specialist) planner is presented. Space telerobotics under study at JPL is then discussed, and RMS is described in detail. How RMS functions in an example execution is examined. The planner's capabilities are summarized, and possible future applications are suggested. >
Human performance simulation in the analysis of advanced air traffic management

Models of human performance in large scale and complex systems have long served to engineers in prediction of system performance. They have also been used to identify performance shortfalls in the human-machine system under a range of anticipated scenarios. These shortfalls have then been used to predict requirements for aiding systems to augment human performance and assure safe system operation. Finally, human performance models have served the human factors and cognitive sciences by establishing a platform for the explicit instantiation of key theories of human performance. These require the stipulation of architectural and functional assumptions about the underlying process of human behavior.
Analysis of monolayer films during molecular beam epitaxy by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy

Abstract Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy at high electron energies is an analytic technique well-suited to compositional analysis at the monolayer level during molecular beam epitaxial growth. For submonolayer-thickness Ge films grown on (2 × 1)-reconstructed Si (001) substrates, the variations in core loss intensities with film thickness and scattering angle are well described by a simple geometrical model for scattering, in the absence of surface resonance effects. Surface resonant scattering leads to an enhancement in the core loss intensity detected for thin epitaxial films, as the azumithal incidence direction is varied around the [110] azimuth, at a fixed incidence angle relative to the substrate plane. Increased surface roughness leads to a decreased inelastic scattering contribution relative to smooth surfaces, with low loss spectra that are more characteristic of transmission scattering. Detection limits for C have been established for reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy, enabling in situ analysis of surface cleaning prior to silicon molecular beam epitaxy. Short range structural information has been obtained using extended edge energy loss fine structure (EXELFS) for a newly-observed Sn reconstruction on a Si(001) surface, a (3 × 1) Sn overlayer on clean, hydrogen-terminated (1 × 1) Si (001).
Intestinal Protozoa Infections

This article reviews important intestinal protozoal infections in cats. Among intestinal protozoa, Giardia and coccidia are the most important infections. Giardiasis is a common problem in catteries, especially where young kittens run free on the floor. Overcrowding and high humidity favour the survival and transmission of Giardia. Diagnosis is made by fecal examination by direct or concentration methods. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating giardiasis. Among the coccidial parasites, Isospora felis and Cryptosporidium sp. are the common infections. Virtually all cats become infected with Isospora felis. The pathogenicity of I. felis is controversial. Cryptosporidium parvum infection is a zoonosis. Cryptosporidium is transmitted by direct fecal-oral cycle. Cryptosporidial infections appear to be clinical in immunosuppressed cats. No drug has been found satisfactory for treatment of cryptosporidiosis.
Usefulness of the impedance cardiogram to reflect left ventricular diastolic function.

The impedance diastolic waveforms, early O wave (zO) and late A wave (zA), were evaluated, and their relation to diastolic mitral flow patterns under changes in loading conditions was assessed. Eight normal subjects and 9 patients with Doppler evidence of delayed ventricular relaxation were studied with simultaneous transmitral Doppler flow and computerized, ensemble-averaged, impedance cardiography in the supine position. Thirty-degree, head-down and head-up tilt were performed to alter preload. Peak Doppler early diastolic velocity (E) and E integral were preloaddependent in both normal and abnormal groups (p < 0.003), but were not significantly different between patients and normal subjects. Peak Doppler late diastolic velocity (A) and A integral, although significantly different between groups (p < 0.001), did not vary significantly with titt. EA ratio was significantly different between groups in all positions (p < 0.006). Impedance zA was preload-dependent (p < 0.001) in both groups and significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). Impedance zO was also preload-dependent (p < 0.003), but not significantly different between groups. Impedance zO correlated with Doppler peak E (r = 0.64; p = 0.001). Impedance zA did not correlate with Doppler A. Impedance cardiography diastolic waveforms can be altered by position and may reflect changes in vena caval or pulmonary vein volume flow, or both. This technique, in combination with Doppler mitral flow patterns, may be useful in evaluating diastolic function.
Novel proteoglycan epitope expressed in functionally discrete patterns in primate cortical and subcortical regions.

The molecular diversity of neuronal subpopulations was examined with a new monoclonal antibody, 8B3, that recognizes a condroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed in anatomically discrete domains of central nervous system regions. In the neocortex, interneurons display 8B3 immunoreactivity in a rostrocaudal gradient, with a distinctive staining pattern that distinguishes known cytoarchitectonic and functional boundaries. The distribution pattern of 8B3 immunoreactivity in subcortical structures is very restricted. In the striatum, 8B3 stains spiny stellate neurons clearly defining a compartment that may correspond to the matrix. Gradients of immunoreactivity are detected in the putamen, globus pallidus, and deep cerebellar nuclei, where the most dense areas of 8B3 immunoreactivity corresponds to zones of polysynaptic projections to association prefrontal cortex. In contrast, the sensorimotor domains express lower levels of immunoreactivity. Only the projection neurons of the ventrolateral nucleus and the GABAergic neurons of the reticular nucleus express significant 8B3 immunoreactivity in the thalamus. In the spinal cord, 8B3 immunoreactivity is primarily associated with a subpopulation of motor neurons in the ventral horn and neurons in Clarke's nucleus. The complex distribution pattern reflects novel aspects of the functional organization of cortical and subcortical systems in the CNS of the primate brain and represents a potentially useful tool to assess subpopulations of neurons and brain areas as putative targets in human disease.
Investigations into the impact of flexibility on manufacturing performance

This paper provides investigative insights into the impact of routeing flexibility, machine flexibility, and product-mix flexibility on the performance of a manufacturing plant. The study employs simulation modelling as the primary tool. The facility modelled is an automobile engine assembly plant consisting of a FMS (flexible manufacturing systems), job shop, and assembly line. A variety of experiments, with the FMS exhibiting one or more of the above three flexibilities at different levels, were simulated on the model. In each experiment the manufacturing performance as given by flow time and work-in-process inventory was tracked. The experiments focused first on the FMS itself, and then on the entire plant. Measures for the three flexibilities are introduced. The simulation results are analysed in detail. The results indicate significant performance benefits in context of the FMS, but little in context of the overall plant
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy after medical management: current conservative management strategies

A case of hypotension caused by hemorrhage in a patient receiving systemic methotrexate to treat a known ectopic pregnancy is presented. A primary goal of gynecologic practice in the 1990s is to conserve tubal patency and fertility. Consequently, ectopic pregnancy is more frequently being managed by conservative strategies. The emergency physician must be familiar with conservative methods for the management of ectopic pregnancy and the complications that may cause emergency presentations in these patients.
Caregiver Perceptions and Needs Regarding Symptom Attenuation in Severe and Persistent Mental Illness

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of caretakers who are coping with treated yet impaired mentally ill family members. Needs of the caretaker were described and areas for intervention were identified. DESIGN AND METHODS. This qualitative study used the symbolic interaction paradigm of dramaturgical interviewing. Thirty-five caretakers participated in a 1.5- to 2-hr semistructured interview. FINDINGS. Themes related to long-term effects of positive and negative symptoms and issues about accountability, responsibility, and planning for the future were most prominent. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Areas of intervention were identified as recognition and management of negative symptoms and counseling related to issues of accountability, responsibility, and future planning.
Embeddings of Topological Graphs: Lossy Invariants, Linearization, and 2-Sums

We study the properties of embeddings, multicommodity flows, and sparse cuts in minor-closed families of graphs which are also closed under 2-sums; this includes planar graphs, graphs of bounded treewidth, and constructions based on recursive edge replacement.
Invasion of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Two strains of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, isolated from cows with mastitis, were assayed for their ability to invade, multiply, and induce damage to a bovine mammary epithelial cell line, MAC-T. Invasion of S. dysgalactiae into MAC-T cells was time-dependent, and invasion was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by cytochalasin B and D, but not by colchicine. The invasion process did not appear to affect viability of mammary epithelial cells, but cellular damage was induced, as indicated by a time-dependent release of increasing amounts of lactate dehydrogenase. No net intracellular bacterial growth was observed, but S. dysgalactiae survived inside MAC-T cells. These results indicated that S. dysgalactiae invaded epithelial cells, induced cellular damage, and was capable of persisting inside bovine mammary epithelial cells.
Predicting diverse subsets using structural SVMs

In many retrieval tasks, one important goal involves retrieving a diverse set of results (e.g., documents covering a wide range of topics for a search query). First of all, this reduces redundancy, effectively showing more information with the presented results. Secondly, queries are often ambiguous at some level. For example, the query "Jaguar" can refer to many different topics (such as the car or feline). A set of documents with high topic diversity ensures that fewer users abandon the query because no results are relevant to them. Unlike existing approaches to learning retrieval functions, we present a method that explicitly trains to diversify results. In particular, we formulate the learning problem of predicting diverse subsets and derive a training method based on structural SVMs.
Optimal control of uncertain nonlinear systems using RISE feedback

A Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman optimization scheme is used along with a RISE feedback structure to minimize a quadratic performance index while the generalized coordinates of a nonlinear Euler-Lagrange system asymptotically track a desired time-varying trajectory despite general uncertainty in the dynamics, such as additive bounded disturbances and parametric uncertainty. Motivated by recent previous results that use a neural network structure to approximate the dynamics (i.e., the state space model is approximated with a residual function reconstruction error), the result in this paper uses the implicit learning capabilities of the RISE control structure to learn the dynamics asymptotically. Specifically, a Lyapunov stability analysis is performed to show that the RISE feedback term asymptotically identifies the unknown dynamics, yielding semi-global asymptotic tracking. In addition, it is shown that the system converges to a state space system that has a quadratic performance index which has been optimized by an additional control element. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the performance of the developed controller.
Short communication: Change in dose delivery of prostaglandin F2α in a 5-day timed artificial insemination program in lactating dairy cows1

Abstract We hypothesized that 50mg of prostaglandin F 2α (PG) on d 6 would induce luteolysis in a traditional 5-d Ovsynch-72 program [GnRH 5 d before (d 0) and 72h after (d 8) 25-mg PG doses (d 5 and 6 after GnRH); timed artificial insemination (AI) on d 8]. Experiment 1 monitored luteal regression of original and GnRH-induced luteal tissue (corpus luteum, CL) by transrectal ultrasonography and blood serum concentrations of progesterone after both 25-mg doses of PG (d 5 and 6; control; n=31) or a single 50-mg dose of PG on d 6 (n=30). Estrous cycles were presynchronized (GnRH 7d before 25mg of PG); 11d later, cows were enrolled in a 5-d Ovsynch-72 program (62 to 71d in milk) and treatments were administered. Blood was sampled for progesterone analysis and luteal structures were measured on d 0 (original CL) and d 5 through 9 to monitor original and new GnRH-induced CL. Control PG reduced luteal tissue area of original CL on d 6 and 7 compared with PG administered only on d 6, but no difference between treatments was detected by d 9. In contrast, no differences were detected in luteal tissue area of the induced CL on d 5 through 9. Serum progesterone on d 5 through 9 differed only on d 6 for control and the 50-mg dose. Luteolysis occurred in all 31 controls, but luteolytic failure occurred in 2 of 30 cows receiving 50mg, in which no CL were present on d 0 but 1 or 3 new CL were present on d 5 in these 2 cows. Pregnancy outcome 32d after AI was 14 of 30 (40%) compared with 15 of 30 (50%) for control versus 50-mg dose, respectively. Experiment 2 monitored luteolysis in nonpregnant repeat-service cows subsequently treated with the same 2 treatments as in experiment 1. Serum progesterone in 63 cows (serum progesterone ≥1 ng/mL on d 5) on d 5, 6, and 8 differed only on d 6 for control and the 50-mg dose. Luteolysis occurred in 32 of 34 controls and in 29 of 29 cows treated with 50mg. Pregnancy outcome 32d after AI was 17 of 33 (52%) compared with 13 of 29 (45%) for control versus 50-mg dose, respectively. We concluded that the single 50-mg dose was equivalent to the control based on actual luteal tissue regression and decreased progesterone.
Organic agriculture and the global food supply

The principal objections to the proposition that organic agriculture can contribute significantly to the global food supply are low yields and insufficient quantities of organically acceptable fertilizers. We evaluated the universality of both claims. For the first claim, we compared yields of organic versus conventional or low-intensive food production for a global dataset of 293 examples and estimated the average yield ratio (organic:non-organic) of different food categories for the developed and the developing world. For most food categories, the average yield ratio was slightly 1.0 for studies in the developing world. With the average yield ratios, we modeled the global food supply that could be grown organically on the current agricultural land base. Model estimates indicate that organic methods could produce enough food on a global per capita basis to sustain the current human population, and potentially an even larger population, without increasing the agricultural land base. We also evaluated the amount of nitrogen potentially available from fixation by leguminous cover crops used as fertilizer. Data from temperate and tropical agroecosystems suggest that leguminous cover crops could fix enough nitrogen to replace the amount of synthetic fertilizer currently in use. These results indicate that organic agriculture has the potential to contribute quite substantially to the global food supply, while reducing the detrimental environmental impacts of conventional agriculture. Evaluation and review of this paper have raised important issues about crop rotations under organic versus conventional agriculture and the reliability of grey-literature sources. An ongoing dialogue on these subjects can be found in the Forum editorial of this issue.
Inherited Absence of Flavoprotein

(1966). Inherited Absence of Flavoprotein. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 43-43.
The inhibitory mechanisms of nicorandil in isolated rat urinary bladder and femoral artery

Nicorandil or cromakalim inhibited contractile responses to acetylcholine and KCl in detrusor muscles of rat urinary bladder, whereas nitroglycerin inhibited only the responses to acetylcholine. In the detrusor muscles contracted by electrical stimulations, relaxations caused by nicorandil and cromakalim were inhibited by glyburide, but not by nitroglycerin or apamin. Methylene blue slightly potentiated the nicorandil-relaxation without affecting the cromakalim-relaxation. NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine also did not affect the relaxation induced by nicorandil. The level of cGMP was increased by both nicorandil and nitroglycerin. In rat femoral arteries contracted by phenylephrine, the relaxation induced by nicorandil was inhibited by methylene blue, glyburide and apamin. The relaxation induced by cromakalim was inhibited by glyburide, but not by apamin or methylene blue. These results suggest that the effect of nicorandil is due to activation of KATP channels in rat detrusor muscles and is due to the activation of guanylate cyclase, KATP and KCa channels in rat femoral arteries. The effect of cromakalim is due to the activation of KATP channels in both smooth muscles.
Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations and the Society of Counseling Psychology Greater Connections

This article provides a summary of the Major Contribution on the Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations (Asian American Psychological Association, The Association of Black Psychologists, National Latina/o Psychological Association, Society of Indian Psychologists, and American Psychological Association Division 45) and their connections to counseling psychology and the Society of Counseling Psychology. An overview and highlights of common themes are provided and seven recommendations for future connections are explored. This article is one of seven articles that are part of a special issue of The Counseling Psychologist focused on the relationship between the five major Ethnic Minority Psychological Associations (EMPAs) and the Society of Counseling Psychology.
Sublingual gland salivary fistula and sialocele

A case of cutaneous salivary fistula and sialocele in the submental area, arising from the sublingual gland, is reported and its etiology, development, and management are discussed. The entity of plunging ranula is compared to the lesion the case presented, and the literature regarding this lesion is reviewed. The successful surgical treatment of this case supports the theory that the sublingual gland is the source of the disorder. The effect of the altered salivary function on the adjacent submandibular gland and duct presented an operative complication.
Male and Female Assumptions About Colleagues' Views of Their Competence

In an attempt to determine what working men and women believe their male and female colleagues think of them, an experiment was conducted with 100 insurance company employees. They were led to believe that their (fictional) co-workers were male or female and, after working jointly on a task, were told that their joint performance was “poor” or “superior.” Subjects were then asked to indicate their perceptions of how their co-workers viewed them. Results indicated that, as predicted, women anticipated-more negative reactions than men, both in the degree of responsibility that would be attributed to them for the pair's success or failure and in descriptions with respect to achievement-relevant attribute attributes. This perception of negativity prevailed whatever the sex of the co-worker. The results were considered in terms of the self-fulfilling cycle that such perceptions are apt to create for women in work settings.
The O-linked fucose glycosylation pathway: identification and characterization of a uridine diphosphoglucose: fucose-β1,3-glucosyltransferase activity from Chinese hamster ovary cells

O-Linked fucose is an unusual carbohydrate modification in which fucose is linked directly to the hydroxyl groups of serines or threonines. It has been found on the epidermal growth factor-like modules of several secreted proteins involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. We have recently reported the existence of an elongated form of O-linked fucose in Chinese hamster ovary cells consisting of a glucose linked to the 3'-hydroxyl of fucose (Glcbeta1,3Fuc- O-Ser/Thr). This structure is highly unusual for two reasons. First, in mammalian systems fucose is usually a terminal modification of N - and O-linked oligosaccharides. Here the fucose is internal. Secondly, terminal beta-linked glucose is extremely rare on mammalian glycoconjugates. Thus, the Glcbeta1,3Fuc structure is a very unique mammalian carbohydrate structure. Here we report the identification and initial characterization of a novel enzyme activity capable of forming this unique linkage: UDP-glucose: O-linked fucose beta1,3 glucosyltransferase. The enzyme utilizes UDP-glucose as the high energy donor and transfers glucose to alpha-linked fucose residues. The activity is linearly dependent on time, enzyme, and substrate concentrations and is enhanced in the presence of manganese ions. Activity is present in extracts of cultured cells from a variety of species (hamster, human, mouse, rat, chicken) and is enriched in brain and spleen of a normal adult rat. Thus, while this glycosyltransferase appears to be widespread in biology, it forms a very unique linkage, and it represents the first mammalian enzyme identified capable of elongating fucose.
Sequence-stratigraphic controls on complex reservoir architecture of highstand fluvial-dominated deltaic and lowstand valley-fill deposits in the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Woodbine Group, East Texas field: Regional and local perspectives

An analysis of 31 whole cores (1600 ft, 490 m) and closely spaced wireline logs (500 wells) penetrating the Lower Cretaceous (Cenomanian) lower Woodbine Group in the mature East Texas field and adjacent areas indicates that depositional origins and complexity of the sandstone-body architecture in the field vary from those inferred from previous studies. Heterogeneity in the lower Woodbine Group is controlled by highstand, fluvial-dominated deltaic depositional architecture, with dip-elongate distributary-channel sandstones pinching out over short distances (typically 500 ft [150 m]) into delta-plain and interdistributary-bay siltstones and mudstones. This highstand section is truncated in the north and west parts of the field by a thick (maximum of 140 ft [43 m]) lowstand, incised-valley-fill succession composed of multistoried, coarse-gravel conglomerate and coarse sandstone beds of bed-load fluvial systems. In some areas of the field, this valley fill directly overlies distal-delta-front deposits, recording a fall in relative sea level of at least 215 ft (65 m). Correlation with the Woodbine succession in the East Texas Basin indicates that these highstand and lowstand deposits occur in the basal three fourth-order sequences of the unit, which comprises a maximum of 14 such cycles. Previous studies of the Woodbine Group have inferred meanderbelt sandstones flanked by coeval flood-plain mudstones and well-connected, laterally continuous sheet sandstones of wave-dominated deltaic and barrier-strand-plain settings. This model is inappropriate, and a full assessment of reservoir compartmentalization, fluid flow, and unswept mobile oil in East Texas field should include the highstand, fluvial-dominated deltaic and lowstand valley-fill sandstone-body architecture.
Maternal iron deficiency worsens the associative learning deficits and hippocampal and cerebellar losses in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Background Gestational alcohol exposure causes lifelong physical and neurocognitive deficits collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Micronutrient deficiencies are common in pregnancies of alcohol-abusing women. Here we show the most common micronutrient deficiency of pregnancy—iron deficiency without anemia—significantly worsens neurocognitive outcomes following perinatal alcohol exposure. Methods Pregnant rats were fed iron-deficient (ID) or iron-sufficient diets from gestational day 13 to postnatal day (P) 7. Pups received alcohol (0, 3.5, 5.0 g/kg) from P 4 to P 9, targeting the brain growth spurt. At P 32, learning was assessed using delay or trace eyeblink classical conditioning (ECC). Cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IPN) and hippocampal CA1 cellularity was quantified using unbiased stereology. Results Global analysis of variance revealed that ID and alcohol separately and significantly reduced ECC learning with respect to amplitude (ps ≤ 0.001) and conditioned response [CR] percentage (ps ≤ 0.001). Iron and alcohol interacted to reduce CR percentage in the trace ECC task (p = 0.013). Both ID and alcohol significantly reduced IPN (ps < 0.001) and CA1 cellularity (ps < 0.005). CR amplitude correlated with IPN cellularity (delay: r = 0.871, trace: r = 0.703, ps < 0.001) and CA1 cellularity (delay: r = 0.792, trace: r = 0.846, ps < 0.001) across both tasks. The learning impairments persisted even though the offsprings' iron status had normalized. Conclusions Supporting our previous work, gestational ID exacerbates the associative learning deficits in this rat model of FASD. This is strongly associated with cellular reductions within the ECC neurocircuitry. Significant learning impairments in FASD could be the consequence, in part, of pregnancies in which the mother was also iron inadequate.
Problem-Solving Appraisal versus Hypothetical Problem Solving:

The relationship between hypothetical problem solving and actual appraisal of problem solving was investigated. The actual problem-solving appraisal was measured by the Problem Solving Inventory of...
Ink-jet printing of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymers are well known for their excellent ferroelectric and other related properties and they are being exploited as active components in many microdevices such as ferroelectric memory cells and infrared sensors. Compared with conventional photolithography, ink-jet printing provides a low-cost versatile method to fabricate polymer micro-devices. In this paper, the influences of driving waveform at the jet head, ink concentration, substrate chemistry, and the solvent quality on the printed P(VDF-TrFE) dots were investigated. It was found that well-defined P(VDF-TrFE) micro-dots with diameter of less than 30 mm and thickness of ∼1 μm can be printed by using a mixed solvent system, consisting of a good solvent with relatively low boiling temperature and a poor solvent with high boiling temperature, on perfluorinated hydrophobic gold surface. The printed P(VDF-TrFE) micro-dots possess crystallinity comparable to that of the bulk sample, suggesting that ink-jet printing technology is a promising micro-fabrication technology for manufacturing P(VDF-TrFE)-based micro-sensors and other micro-devices.
Jewish Agricultural Colonization in Entre Rios, Argentina, III*

FROM THE BEGINNING the Jewish Colonization Association (JCA) and the inhabitants of the colonies in Entre Rios, Argentina, worked together to establish a Jewish cultural environment similar to that left behind in the ghettos of East Europe. Despite the vast difference between the two areas, they were surprisingly successful, at least in the early years of colonization. This was largely because the colonies were so big and the number of Jews living within them sufficiently numerous during the early period of colonization to eliminate the need for extensive social contact with Christians.
A Common Medium for Programming Operations-Research Models

Operations research is an interdisciplinary science that develops scientific methods for modeling and solving decision-making problems. Arguably, the two most established and commonly practiced OR methodologies are mathematical programming (also called optimization) and discrete-event system simulation (called simulation). Mathematical programming describes a decision problem as decision variables and as mathematical functions of variables that capture the objective and problem constraints. For dynamic systems that are too complex to allow exact, closed-form solutions in continuous time, simulation can identify and describe events of interest and model their occurrences at discrete points in time. Python can glue together independent software environments to improve the software development cycle for sophisticated operations-research applications, which integrate different modeling methodologies.
Commonsense understandings of equality and social change: A critical race theory analysis of liberalism at Spruce Middle School

Drawing on data from an ethnographic study in an urban district in the state of Utah, this article highlights how liberalism shapes educational policy and practice in particular ways that ultimately reproduce and legitimate the status quo of whiteness. I employ critical race theory to analyze two aspects of liberalism that are especially pervasive among US educators: first, formal equality, and second, the notion that change is either unneeded or, at best, should be incremental. Both of these liberal tenets result in racialized patterns within schools that become common sense despite their destructive nature.
Redox regulation of cell functions by \alpha‐lipoate: biochemical and molecular aspects

α-lipoate also known as thioctic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-valeric acid or 6,8-thioctic acid has generated considerable clinical interest as a thiol-replenishing and redoxmodulating agent [16–18,27]. Lipoate has been used for a long time in Germany to treat complications associated with diabetes [11]. Recently, lipoate has also been introduced to the United States as a metabolic antioxidant. As early as in the 1950s lipoate has been identified as an essential cofactor in oxidative metabolism. Biologically, lipoate exists as lipoamide in at least five proteins where it is covalently linked to a lysyl residue. Three of the lipoamide-containing proteins are present in the E2 enzyme dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase, which is different in each of the complexes and specific for the substrate of the complex. One lipoyl residue is found in protein X, which is the same in each complex. The fifth lipoamide residue is present in the glycine cleavage system [5]. Recently, lipoic acid has been detected in the form of lipoyllysine in various natural sources. In the plant material studied, lipoyllysine content was highest in spinach (3.15 mg/g dry weight; 92.51 mg/mg protein). Lipoyllysine was also detected in animal tissues. The concentration of lipoyllysine in bovine kidney and heart were 2.64± 1.23 and 1.51± 0.75 mg/g dry weight, respectively [13]. To develop an understanding of the therapeutic potential of lipoate supplementation, much of the current interest is focused on the fate of exogenously supplemented non-protein bound lipoate in cell culture, animal and human clinical studies. Lipoate, in its native form, contains a disulfide bond. Reduction of this disulfide results in the conversion of lipoate to the corresponding vicinal dithiol, dihydrolipoate (DHLA).
"It's Like a Whole Bunch of Me!": The Perceived Values and Benefits of the Seattle Girls' Choir Experience

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to explore the perceived values and benefits associated with participation in a highly successful community-based girls’ choral ensemble. The benefits of membership in the Seattle Girls’ Choir organization were explored, with particular attention to the expressed values and observed behaviors of choristers. Regular choir rehearsals, musicianship classes, festival and summer camp experiences, concert performances, faculty, staff and board meetings, and other community events were documented carefully and examined during a yearlong period of fieldwork. Semistructured interviews with choristers, faculty members, parents, and staff members were used to elicit participant perspectives on the girls’ choir experience and the perceived values and benefits of participation. Emergent themes included music, personal, social, and external benefits, which were examined in an effort to augment an ever-growing understanding of modern music-making and the value of music engageme...
Connection-oriented relational database of the APS control system hardware

After the flurry of activity to construct, commission, and begin routine operation of a large user facility, the focus must then turn to long-term reliability. Key concerns include a full inventory of all installed devices, sufficient spares, quick identification of a failed device, and accurate documentation to minimize the number of system experts needed for routine maintenance. This paper describes the visual connection configuration tool (VCCT) used in creating a searchable schema of all control system hardware. A framework is provided for identifying each installed device and its connection to the control system. The schema provides numerous benefits over a simple inventory list, such as: an immediate visualization of information flow through the system, intuitive documentation of input/output controller (IOC) hardware, subnet links and nodes, and a common presentation for easier cross training and maintenance. The paper will also describe the mechanisms used to automatically populate much of the database by "discovering" the hardware through the EPICS databases and start-up scripts. Future work, such as extending the device definition to include wiring information will also be discussed.
Surface segregation and interface stability of AlN/GaN, GaN/InN, and AlN/InN {0001} epitaxial systems

Surface segregation in wide band-gap nitride alloys was studied using ab initio calculations. In agreement with recent experiments we find that ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}$ {0001} surfaces prefer Ga termination, and ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{x}{\mathrm{In}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{In}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}$ {0001} prefer In termination. The segregation energy is found to depend critically on the type of surface reconstruction. For cation-terminated reconstructions on both the (0001) and $(0001\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})$ surfaces the segregation energies are similar and an order of magnitude larger than in the arsenides or Si/Ge systems. The largest segregation energy of about 3.6 eV is found for the AlN/InN surface. In contrast, segregation effects for the N-adatom $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ reconstruction on the (0001) surfaces are strongly suppressed. At AlN/GaN and GaN/InN interfaces the segregation effects are very weak and should not affect their morphology. Our results suggest the choice of optimal conditions of growth that lead to sharp interfaces and longer lifetimes of carriers in III-nitride heterosystems.