cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the mixed axial ligand complex (4-cyanopyridine)(imidazole)(tetramesitylporphinato)iron(iii) perchlorate. Stabilization by synergic bonding.

The reaction of [Fe(TMP)(OClO3)], where TMP is the dianion of tetramesitylporphyrin, with a combination of a strong π-acceptor ligand and a π-donating imidazole can lead to the preparation of mixed-ligand complexes [Fe(Porph)(4-CNPy)(L)]+ where L is imidazole itself or 1-acetylimidazole and 4-cyanopyridine is the strong π acceptor ligand. The stability of the new mixed-ligand pair is the presumed result of synergic bonding between the two axial ligands. The molecular structure and other characterization of the new mixed axial ligand complex, [Fe(TMP)(4-CNPy)(HIm)]ClO4 is described. The axial ligands have a relative perpendicular arrangement with Fe–N(imidazole) = 1.945 A and Fe–N(pyridine) = 2.021 A. The average equatorial Fe–Np distance is 1.963 A, which is consistent with the S4-ruffled TMP core. Despite the relative perpendicular arrangement of axial ligands, the EPR spectrum of the complex is a rhombic signal and not a large gmax signal. The EPR g-values are g1 = 3.05, g2 = 2.07, and g3 = 1.22. A quadrupole doublet was seen in the Mossbauer spectrum with an isomer shift of 0.197 mm/s and quadrupole splitting of 1.935 mm/s. Two crystalline forms of [Fe(TMP)(4-CNPy)(HIm)]ClO4 have been characterized; the two forms differ only in the solvent content of the lattice. Crystal data for form A: a = 15.432 (12) A, b = 20.696 (2) A, c = 19.970 (5) A, and β = 99.256 (14)deg, monoclinic, space group P21/n, V = 6295 (2) A3, Z = 4, formula FeCl3O4N8C69H69, 8397 observed data, R1 = 0.086, wR2 = 0.210, refinement on F2. Crystal data for form B: a =15.267 (3) A, b =20.377 (6) A, c = 19.670 (4) A, and β = 98.14 (1)deg, monoclinic, space group P21/n, V = 6058 (4) A3, Z = 4, formula C65.25H60.5Cl1.5FeN8O4, 5464 observed data, R1 = 0.096, wR2 = 0.112, refinement on F.
Greenhouse Studies of the Host Range of Dalbulus maidis, a Vector of the Corn Stunt Virus

The host range of the corn leafhopper, Calculus maids (belong and Alcott), was studied in the greenhouse by determining the suitability of various plant species to this vector of the corn stunt virus for food, opposition, and development of nymphs. Twenty test plant species were found to be suitable for opposition and 33 for food. Unlike feeding, egg laying was considered to be restricted to species in the Gamine. Females survived longer than males on the various test plants. Percent adult survival (females only) after 12 days was 85-95% on 3 species of Gamine, 50-75% on 17 species and 15-46% on 14 species. Greater numbers of eggs were laid on corn, gama-grass, and green leaf Sudan grass than on any of the other test plants. Percent adult survival on most plant species for 30 days was low; less than 10% of the adults surviving on ⅔ of 40 test selections. Egg hatch was observed on 16 species of Gamine; however, of the plants tested, nymphs successfully developed to maturity only on corn.
Calcium-mediated effects of cyclic GMP on the stimulation of thymocyte proliferation by prostaglandin E 1 .

SummaryLow (10-11 to 10-10M) and high (10-6 to 5 × 10-6M) cyclic GMP concentrations raise the cellular cyclic AMP content and stimulate rat thymocyte proliferation, but intermediate (10-9 to 10-7M) cyclic GMP concentrations have no effect on these activities. The intermediate cyclic GMP concentrations also do not affect the ability of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to raise the cellular cyclic AMP concentration and stimulate DNA synthesis. However, depending on the intracellular cyclic AMP content and the extracellular calcium concentration, the intermediate cyclic GMP concentrations can either strongly promote or completely inhibit progression of the PGE1-stimulated, DNA-synthesizing cells into mitosis. It is concluded that calcium mediates the actions of cyclic GMP and an attempt is made to explain the complex actions of these agents on the mitogenic process.
Mindfulness at work: resource accumulation, well-being, and attitudes

Purpose – Mindfulness is a well-studied phenomenon in many disciplines. Little is known about its impacts on employees at work. The purpose of this paper is to focus on mindfulness at work, defined as a psychological state in which employees intentionally pay full attention to the present moment while executing job tasks. The research model, grounded in conservation of resources theory, depicts how mindfulness at work may help employees develop resources (work-family balance and job engagement) which may be associated with greater well-being (less psychological distress and more job satisfaction) and organizational attitudes (intent to turnover and affective commitment). Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of 503 full time employees, the authors test the model with structural equation modeling. Findings – Results supported the full research model, suggesting that mindfulness at work is an important antecedent to resource accrual, well-being, and organizational attitudes. Mindfulness at work exert...
The Impact of Pathology on the Biologic, Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Considerations in Breast Cancer

It has become readily appreciated that an understanding of the pathologic aspects of breast cancer is essential to the planning of many clinical trials. The clinical findings obtained from such studies unquestionably served as a stimulus for other relevant pathologic investigations but did not always resolve all of the long-standing pathologic problems associated with the diagnosis of breast diseases. This article addresses some of the pathologic problems that have a bearing on the biologic, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of breast cancer.
Comparison of within-Family and Mass Selection in Honeybee Populations

SummaryComputer simulation issued to show genetic progress after within-family and mass selection in closed populations of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). The model, which is based on empirical data on honeybee colonies in northern Germany, predicts similar selection results from both selection techniques. For selection of characters with low heritability, and for long-term breeding projects, within-family selection might be superior to mass selection. Optimal selection conditions are different for the two techniques depending on heritability, population size, and duration of selection. The optimal number of queens to select at each generation is larger with mass selection.
Operating Department Practice A-Z

The role of the operating department practitioner has evolved considerably in recent years, and both trainee and practising ODPs need a practical, up-to-date resource on terminology and current practice. Each entry in the second edition of Operating Department Practice A-Z has been fully updated and contains both a short definition and a more detailed description of the term or procedure, with supporting information to give the reader a deeper understanding of the field. In addition, the book contains useful appendices on medical terminology and abbreviations, normal values, medical and scientific symbols, and a list of useful websites for further reference. Written by two of the UK's most experienced Operating Department Practice lecturers, Operating Department Practice A-Z, second edition provides practical, concise information for all peri-operative staff members.
CMB internal delensing with general optimal estimator for higher-order correlations

We present a new method for delensing $B$ modes of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using a lensing potential reconstructed from the same realization of the CMB polarization (CMB internal delensing). The $B$-mode delensing is required to improve sensitivity to primary $B$ modes generated by, e.g., the inflationary gravitational waves, axionlike particles, modified gravity, primordial magnetic fields, and topological defects such as cosmic strings. However, the CMB internal delensing suffers from substantial biases due to correlations between observed CMB maps to be delensed and that used for reconstructing a lensing potential. Since the bias depends on realizations, we construct a realization-dependent (RD) estimator for correcting these biases by deriving a general optimal estimator for higher-order correlations. The RD method is less sensitive to simulation uncertainties. Compared to the previous $\ensuremath{\ell}$-splitting method, we find that the RD method corrects the biases without substantial degradation of the delensing efficiency.
Kirkendall Effect in Creating Three-Dimensional Metal Catalysts for Hierarchically Porous Ultrathin Graphite with Unique Properties

In this work, we report an innovative mechanism, the Kirkendall effect, in creating three-dimensional (3D) microporous catalysts with tunable pore sizes for the growth of hierarchic ultrathin graphite foams (HP-UGFs) with unique properties. Employing the Kirkendall effect is one of the first demonstrated for fabricating 3D porous catalysts, where tunable pores of 1.9–8.3 μm are created on 3D interconnected struts (∼100 μm). With the catalysts, we readily synthesized freestanding HP-UGFs that offer higher crystallinity and electric conductivity, larger surface area, as well as enhanced electric invariance to strains compared to those of conventional ultrathin graphite foams. A gauge factor as low as ∼10 at a strain as high as 80% is achieved owing to the unique porous corrugations created on the microstruts of the HP-UGFs. This work may inspire a new paradigm in designing and synthesizing a new type of 3D porous architecture made of 2D materials with controlled local corrugations, which could greatly benef...
The Numidian and the German Faustus

The heretic Faustus enters the universe of letters with Augustine’s Confessions at the juncture where the youth learns to place faith above reason. In the same context, that of the Pauline doctrine of justification, Faustus appears in the 16th-century Faust Book. The relationship probably attests to Augustine reception in the German Renaissance, and to the cohesiveness of the universe of letters.
New Findings On Obsidian Source Utilization In Iowa

In a recent paper summarizing the pre historic distribution of obsidian in Iowa, Ander son et al. (1986) show that the majority of this material was imported from quarry sources in the vicinity of Obsidian Cliff, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The trace element compositions of eight of the 31 specimens in their sample, however, did not match any of the known parent obsidian sources in the local inventory. Specifically, they identified three distinctive glass types (termed "A" [n = 67, "S'7n = 1 y, and "C'7n = 1 J) for which they could specify no geographic source counterpart, but speculated that these un known sources likely were located in the Yellowstone area. Recent x-ray fluorescence analyses of obsidians from eastern Idaho and southwestern Montana have identified one of the unknown sources.
Oral anticoagulation therapy upon discharge in hospitalized patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a retrospective cohort study.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Availability of direct oral anticoagulants and CHA2DS2VASc/HAS-BLED scoring tools underscore the importance of appropriate and safe use of oral anticoagulation therapy (OACT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate stroke prevention pharmacotherapy in adult patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) discharged from a large, community-based hospital.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a de-identified data collection sheet for data extraction (demographics, admitting diagnosis, OACT prior to admission and at discharge, concomitant medications that could increase bleed risk and/or acid-suppressive therapies). CHA2DS2VASc and HAS-BLED scores were calculated. Descriptive statistics were generated to describe all parameters. Frequency counts and percentages summarized categorical variables while mean ± standard deviation were determined for continuous variables.Results: Data from 180 patients were evaluated and of these 177 (98.3%) received OACT regardless ...
Association of Integrated Care Coordination With Postsurgical Outcomes in High-Risk Older Adults: The Perioperative Optimization of Senior Health (POSH) Initiative.

Importance Older adults undergoing elective surgery experience higher rates of preventable postoperative complications than younger patients. Objective To assess clinical outcomes for older adults undergoing elective abdominal surgery via a collaborative intervention by surgery, geriatrics, and anesthesia focused on perioperative health optimization. Design, Setting, and Participants Perioperative Optimization of Senior Health (POSH) is a quality improvement initiative with prospective data collection. Participants in an existing geriatrics-based clinic within a single-site academic health center were included if they were at high risk for complications (ie, older than 85 years or older than 65 years with cognitive impairment, recent weight loss, multimorbidity, or polypharmacy) undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Outcomes were compared with a control group of patients older than 65 years who underwent similar surgeries by the same group of general surgeons immediately before implementation of POSH. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included length of stay, 7- and 30-day readmissions, and level of care at discharge. Secondary outcomes were delirium and other major postoperative complications. Outcomes data were derived from institutional databases linked with electronic health records and billing data sets. Results One hundred eighty-three POSH patients were compared with 143 patients in the control group. On average, patients in the POSH group were older compared with those in the control group (75.6 vs 71.9 years;P Conclusions and Relevance Despite higher mean age and morbidity burden, older adults who participated in an interdisciplinary perioperative care intervention had fewer complications, shorter hospitalizations, more frequent discharge to home, and fewer readmissions than a comparison group.
Refractive index matching for high light transmission composite systems

Transparent optical polymer/filler systems can be produced into complex shapes for a range of applications, such as lenses, shields, and containers. This work used refractive index liquids as a mod...
Neighborhood Concentrated Disadvantage and Dating Violence among Urban Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Neighborhood Social Processes.

The link between relationship violence and aspects of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage (e.g., percent of unemployed adults, percent of families below poverty level), has been established. However, the literature examining neighborhood social processes, including informal social control and social cohesion, in relation to adolescent dating violence has shown mixed results with a limited theoretical foundation and methodology. Using a social disorganization theoretical framework, this study examined the mediating role of these neighborhood social processes in the relation between concentrated disadvantage and adolescent dating violence within an urban context. Participants included 605 adult residents in 30 census tracts and 203 adolescents from neighborhoods on the West and South sides of Chicago. Neighborhood-level concentrated disadvantage was measured via Census data, adult residents reported on neighborhood social processes, and youth reported on dating violence. Informal social control was negatively associated with dating violence, and social cohesion was positively associated with dating violence. A multilevel mediation model showed that concentrated disadvantage was related to higher levels of dating violence via lower levels of informal social control. These results extend social disorganization theory to dating violence within an urban context, while also highlighting the important role of neighborhood processes on relationship violence. Implications for research and intervention programming are discussed.
Direct air capture of CO 2 via aqueous-phase absorption and crystalline-phase release using concentrated solar power

Using negative emissions technologies for the net removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere could provide a pathway to limit global temperature rises. Direct air capture of carbon dioxide offers the prospect of permanently lowering the atmospheric CO2 concentration, providing that economical and energy-efficient technologies can be developed and deployed on a large scale. Here, we report an approach to direct air capture, at the laboratory scale, using mostly off-the-shelf materials and equipment. First, CO2 absorption is achieved with readily available and environmentally friendly aqueous amino acid solutions (glycine and sarcosine) using a household humidifier. The CO2-loaded solutions are then reacted with a simple guanidine compound, which crystallizes as a very insoluble carbonate salt and regenerates the amino acid sorbent. Finally, effective CO2 release and near-quantitative regeneration of the guanidine compound are achieved by relatively mild heating of the carbonate crystals using concentrated solar power.
Social Treatment of the Young Blind Child

Experience with this group of 206 children with retrolental fibroplasia has indicated that the majority of parents, with supportive treatment, are able to make a satisfactory adjustment to the chil...
Dosimetric Considerations for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Delivery in the Lung

In the performance of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), one must take into consideration not only the biology of the cancer being treated, but the physics and dosimetry behind delivery of the radiation dose. In a sense, investigation of the clinical application has begun before the basic research has been performed. Investigation of the biology of large-fraction radiotherapy has only started, but due to its potential for significant toxicity, extremely stringent conditions must be applied after due consideration. Here we examine some of the issues.
Rutgers University Department of Statistics and Biostatistics

Time-travel through sixty-five years of statistics at Rutgers. See how the department grew from its early applied roots, its solid trunk of mathematical statistics and probability, to its interdisciplinary blossoming.
Opioid use: Case-control analyses of worker's compensation data.

Objectives: Working-age adults are disproportionately impacted by opioid misuse. Factors associated with opioid misuse in people with workers compensation (WC) claims are not well studied. WC in some states is a “captured” market making it a more efficient site for researching the opioids epidemic. A pilot study was conducted to identify factors associated with opioid use using a large WC insurer's claims in Utah. Methods: This was a case-control study using a large WC insurer's database. We conducted secondary data analyses of a de-identified dataset originally obtained from the WC insurer. Cases were defined as claims with a morphine equivalent dose (MED) ≥50 mg/d in the 30 days after the claim was filed while controls = 0 mg/d. Results: A total of 76 patient's claims (28 cases and 48 controls) were included in the final data analyses. The majority of claimants were male (N = 50, 65.8 percent), worked full time (N = 58, 76.3 percent) and had a mean age of 37.0 ± 11.4 years. The majority of controls filed medical only claims (N = 40, 83.3 percent) while the majority of cases filed indemnity claims (N = 19, 67.9 percent). Cases were prescribed a mean MED of 126.4 (SD = 93.3) within the first month after filing the claim. Most cases visited > 3 medical providers (N = 13, 46.4 percent) in the first month after filing the claim while the majority of controls only visited one provider (N = 28, 58.3 percent). Remarkably, the mean number of providers visited within the first month for the cases was 3.8, which was 2-fold greater than the control group. Exploratory multivariate analyses showed that cases were 4.6 times more likely to have visited 2-3 medical providers (p = 0.025), and 41.8 times more likely to have visited more than three medical providers (p < 0.001). Cases had 3.6 higher odds of having been prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory prescription within the first month as compared to controls (p = 0.014). Conclusion: This pilot study found risk factors, some of which may be modifiable. We aim to conduct a large study using existing WC data to create a scoring system that identifies those claimants at higher risk of adverse opioid-related events that may have preventive applications at a systems-level.
Total neoadjuvant therapy compared with standard therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

709Background: Standard therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) includes concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT). An alternative strategy know...
Assimilation of Satellite-based Snow Cover and Freeze/Thaw Observations over High Mountain Asia

Towards qualifying hydrologic changes in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region, this study explores the use of a hyper-resolution (1 km) land data assimilation (DA) framework developed within the NASA Land Information System using the Noah Multi-parameterization Land Surface Model (Noah-MP) forced by the meteorological boundary conditions from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 data. Two different sets of DA experiments are conducted: 1) the assimilation of satellite-derived snow cover map (MOD10A1), and 2) the assimilation of NASA MEaSUREs landscape freeze/thaw product from 2007 to 2008. The performance of the snow cover assimilation is evaluated via comparisons with available remote sensing based snow water equivalent product and ground-based snow depth measurements. For example, in the comparison against ground-based snow depth measurements, the majority of the stations (13 out of 14) shows slightly improved goodness-of-fit statistics as a result of the snow DA, but only four are statistically significant. In addition, comparisons to the satellite-based land surface temperature products (MOD11A1 and MYD11A1) show that freeze/thaw DA yields improvements (at certain grid cells) of up to 0.58 K in the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and 0.77 K in the absolute bias (relative to model-only simulations). In the comparison against three ground-based soil temperature measurements along the Himalayas, the bias and the RMSE in the 0 - 10 cm soil temperature are reduced (on average) by 10% and 7%, respectively. The improvements in the top-layer of soil estimates also propagate through the deeper soil layers, where the bias and the RMSE in the 10 cm - 40 cm soil temperature are reduced (on average) by 9% and 6%, respectively. However, no statistically significant skill differences are observed for the freeze/thaw DA system in the comparisons against ground-based surface temperature measurements at mid-to-low altitude. Therefore, the two proposed DA schemes show the potential of improving the predictability of snow mass, surface temperature, and soil temperature states across HMA, but more ground-based measurements are still required, especially at high-altitudes, in order to document a more statistically significant improvement as a result of the two DA schemes.
Online information on dysmenorrhoea: An evaluation of readability, credibility, quality and usability.

Aims and objectives To evaluate online information on dysmenorrhoea, including readability, credibility, quality and usability. Background Menstrual pain impacts 45%-95% of women of reproductive age globally and is the leading cause of school and work absences among women. Women often seek online information on dysmenorrhoea; however, little is known about the information quality. Design This was a descriptive study to evaluate online information on dysmenorrhoea. Methods We imitated search strategies of the general public. Specifically, we employed the three most popular search engines worldwide-Google, Yahoo and Bing-and used lay search terms, "period pain" and "menstrual cramps." We screened 60 web pages. Following removal of duplicates and irrelevant web pages, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Two team members independently evaluated the included web pages using standardised tools. Readability was evaluated with the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Grade formulas; credibility, quality and usability were evaluated with established tools. We followed the STROBE checklist for reporting this study. Results For readability, the mean Flesch-Kincaid level was 10th grade. For credibility, 8% of web pages referenced scientific literature and 28% stated the author's name and qualifications. For quality, no web page employed user-driven content production; 8% of web pages referenced evidence-based guidelines, 32% of web pages had accurate content, and 4% of web pages recommended shared decision-making. Most web pages were interactive and included nontextual information. Some nontextual information was inaccurate. Conclusion Online information on dysmenorrhoea has generally low readability, mixed credibility and variable quality. Relevance to clinical practice Strategies to improve health information on dysmenorrhoea include avoiding complex terms, incorporating visual aids, presenting evidence-based information and developing a decision aid to support shared decision-making. Healthcare providers should be aware of the problematic health information that individuals are exposed to and provide education about how to navigate online health information.
Measuring the impacts of credit restrictions on the trade performance of debtor nations

The interdependence of the developed world economy and that of the third world has been increasingly evident since the debt crisis of the eighties. International trade declined with the consequence of global economic stagnation. One major contributor to the cumulative and self reinforcing nature of the crisis is the trade impacts of the restrictive capital flows. Trade models applied to extract the debt-to-trade linkages have generally over looked the micro economic behavior that lead to the observed macroeconomic performance. Micro economic models abound that examine the theoretical concerns of this issue. This study re-examines the theoretical considerations, especially as they apply to limited capital availability and the consequences in consumption and investment behavior. Such decisions, made under limited borrowing ability, are linked to the conventional trade model via the national income and balance of payments account identities. The observed consumption and investments are modelled as deviating from the optimal, with no limits on borrowing, and a model is developed to measure this adjustment in total absorption. Import decisions arise from the consumption and investment demands so determined. Export production is dependent on the capacity to import. Thus the trade performance is linked to the consumption and investment decisions and is affected by the capital constraints. The adjustment factor thus obtained, in combination with the traditional elasticity measures enables constructing export and import elasticities with respect to constraining capital. The model estimates were made on a pooled data of eighteen countries that face debt problems. The model estimates confirm the linkages. However, the sensitivity of trade to credit limits appear too low, possibly due to the degree of heterogeneity in the pooled data.
'Pure' Information Provision: The Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Organizational Design

The scope of a firm’s activities increasingly extends to agents located external to traditional organizational boundaries. Many powerful firms now use artificial intelligence as a tool to self-orga...
Acoustoelasticity: Scanning with Shear Waves

Acoustoelasticity is a promising method for the in situ analysis of both applied and residual stresses. The object of this investigation is to establish a technique for scanned shear wave measurements so as to determine the individual components of an inhomogeneous stress state and their directions. A computer-controlled scanning system with a dry contact rubber backed transducer has been developed which provides complete automation of scanning and data reduction.
Cholinergic Activation of Primary Human Derived Intestinal Epithelium Does Not Ameliorate TNF-α Induced Injury

The intestinal epithelium contains specialized cells including enterocytes, goblet, Paneth, enteroendocrine, and stem cells. Impaired barrier integrity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease is characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Prior studies in immortalized lines such as Caco-2, without native epithelial heterogeneity, demonstrate the amelioration of TNF-α compromised barrier integrity via nicotinic (nAChR) or muscarinic (mAChR) acetylcholine receptor activation. A tissue-engineered model of primary human small intestinal epithelium was derived from dissociated organoids cultured on collagen-coated Transwells. Differentiation was accomplished with serum-containing media and compared to Caco-2 and HT-29 regarding alkaline phosphatase expression, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and IL-8 secretion. Inflammation was modeled via basal stimulation with TNF-α (25 ng/mL) with or without nicotine (nAChR agonist) or bethanechol (mAChR agonist). Apoptosis, density (cells/cm2), TEER, lucifer yellow permeability, 70 kDa dextran transport, cell morphology, and IL-8 secretion were characterized. Primary intestinal epithelium demonstrates significant functional differences compared to immortalized cells, including increased barrier integrity, IL-8 expression, mucus production, and the presence of absorptive and secretory cells. Exposure to TNF-α impaired barrier integrity, increased apoptosis, altered morphology, and increased secretion of IL-8. Stimulation of nAChR with nicotine did not ameliorate TNF-α induced permeability nor alter 70 kDa dextran transport. However, stimulation of mAChR with bethanechol decreased transport of 70 kDa dextran but did not ameliorate TNF-α induced paracellular permeability. A primary model of intestinal inflammation was evaluated, demonstrating nAChR or mAChR activation does not have the same protective effects compared to immortalized epithelium. Inclusion of other native stromal support cells are underway.
Embedded PLL Phase Noise Measurement Based on a PFD/CP MASH 1-1-1 ΔΣ Time-to-Digital Converter in 7nm CMOS

We propose an embedded PLL phase noise measurement macro for cost-effective SoC test based on a phase-frequency detector/charge pump (PFD/CP) MASH 1-1-1 ΔΣ time-to-digital converter (TDC). The decimated TDC output stream is post-processed to extract the phase jitter and noise spectrum. Measuring low jitter requires a short and precise reference delay which we generate with a charge-based pseudo-DLL that locks to the reference delay itself. Using a 14GHz LC-PLL built in 7nm CMOS as a demonstration vehicle, this macro measures 2.80ps rms jitter which closely matches 2.89ps measured by a phase noise analyzer. The built-in self-test (BIST) macro consumes 12.2mW on a 1.2V supply, occupying only 0.066mm2 which is only one-third of the PLL area.
Childhood Trauma in Eating Disorders

Increased prevalence of eating disorders has been found in populations that have experienced childhood trauma. Conversely, a history of childhood trauma has been found to be associated with increased eating disorder severity, as well as increased psychiatric comorbidity in patients with eating disorders. Available data suggest that individuals with eating disorders and a history of trauma exposure have a poorer response to treatment, and are more likely to end treatment prematurely compared to patients without a history of trauma. Potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorders are reviewed—including psychological mechanisms such as emotion dysregulation, negative maladaptive cognitions, dissociation, and impulsivity, as well as neurobiological mechanisms—and clinical implications are proposed.
Polymer design using genetic algorithm and machine learning

Abstract Data driven or machine learning (ML) based methods have been recently used in materials science to provide quick material property predictions. Although powerful and robust, these predictive models are still limited in terms of their applicability towards the design of materials with target property or performance objectives. Here, we employ a nature-mimicking optimization method, the genetic algorithm, in tandem with ML-based predictive models to design polymers that meet practically useful, but extreme, property criteria (i.e., glass transition temperature, T g > 500 K and bandgap, E g > 6 eV). Analogous to nature, the characteristic properties of a polymer are assumed to be determined by the constituting types and sequence of chemical building blocks (or fragments) in the monomer unit. Evolution of polymers by natural operations of crossover, mutation, and selection over 100 generations leads to creation of 132 new (as compared to 4 already known cases) and chemically unique polymers with high T g and E g . Chemical guidelines on what fragments make up polymers with extreme thermal and electrical performance metrics have been selected and revealed by the algorithm. The approach presented here is general and can be extended to design polymers with different property objectives.
Integral-skin polyurethane foams

A model describing the expansion of a polyurethane (PU) foam in a closed mold is developed. An energy balance is stated, together with constitutive equations for the vaporization rate of the foaming agent and the polymerization kinetics. A numerical solution is obtained for an experimentally-characterized PU formulation. It is shown that in order to avoid premature gelling or undesirable density distributions, the wall temperature must be close to the initial one. The relative fraction of skin in the foam may be increased by decreasing the part thickness or by adding less catalyst or more blowing agent to the formulation. Factors affecting cream, rise, and process times are discussed.
The influence of direct radiative forcing versus indirect sea surface temperature warming on southern hemisphere subtropical anticyclones under global warming

Southern hemisphere subtropical anticyclones are projected to change in a warmer climate during both austral summer and winter. A recent study of CMIP 5 & 6 projections found a combination of local diabatic heating changes and static-stability-induced changes in baroclinic eddy growth as the dominant drivers. Yet the underlying mechanisms forcing these changes still remain uninvestigated. This study aims to enhance our mechanistic understanding of what drives these Southern Hemisphere anticyclones changes during both seasons. Using an AGCM, we decompose the response to CO2-induced warming into two components: (1) the fast atmospheric response to direct CO2 radiative forcing, and (2) the slow atmospheric response due to indirect sea surface temperature warming. Additionally, we isolate the influence of tropical diabatic heating with AGCM added heating experiments. As a complement to our numerical AGCM experiments, we analyze the Atmospheric and Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project experiments. Results from sensitivity experiments show that slow subtropical sea surface temperature warming primarily forces the projected changes in subtropical anticyclones through baroclinicity change. Fast CO2 atmospheric radiative forcing on the other hand plays a secondary role, with the most notable exception being the South Atlantic subtropical anticyclone in austral winter, where it opposes the forcing by sea surface temperature changes resulting in a muted net response. Lastly, we find that tropical diabatic heating changes only significantly influence Southern Hemisphere subtropical anticyclone changes through tropospheric wind shear changes during austral winter.
Loss of APP in mice increases thigmotaxis and is associated with elevated brain expression of IL-13 and IP-10/CXCL10.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to memory loss and is often accompanied by increased anxiety. Although AD is a heterogeneous disease, dysregulation of inflammatory pathways is a consistent event. Interestingly, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is the source of the amyloid peptide Aβ, is also necessary for the efficient regulation of the innate immune response. Here, we hypothesize that loss of APP function in mice would lead to cognitive loss and anxiety behavior, both of which are typically present in AD, as well as changes in the expression of inflammatory mediators. To test this hypothesis, we performed open field, Y-maze and novel object recognition tests on 12–18-week-old male and female wildtype and AppKO mice to measure thigmotaxis, short-term spatial memory and long-term recognition memory. We then performed a quantitative multiplexed immunoassay to measure levels of 32 cytokines/chemokines associated with AD and anxiety. Our results showed that AppKO mice, compared to wildtype controls, experienced increased thigmotactic behavior but no memory impairments, and this phenotype correlated with increased IP-10 and IL-13 levels. Future studies will determine whether dysregulation of these inflammatory mediators contributes to pathogenesis in AD.
Culture and sexuality

Anthropological investigation reveals very different cultural attitudes toward sexuality and sexual behavior through history and around the world. Important is the distinction between sexuality and sexual behavior. This entry considers the central role of sexuality in human culture, focusing on: sexuality in social organization; in the regulation of incest and marriage; in conceptions of cosmology and structure of religious ritual; in taboo and pollution; in magic and witchcraft; and in economics and politics. It considers cultural attitudes toward other sexualities. It emphasizes that as culture is a system, such considerations of sexuality must be systemic for their fullest understanding. Keywords: ethnology; sexual customs; sexuality and culture
Night and day: comparing flight initiation dynamics in two closely related species of true frogs

The decision of when to flee a predator depends on the costs and benefits of flight. Here, we used two species of closely related frogs, Lithobates catesbeianus and L. clamitans, to test the effects of several factors on flight initiation distance (FID), the distance between an approaching predator and its prey when the latter flees. We altered costs of flight by approaching frogs from within versus outside ponds, and we tested the influence of broad-scale visibility by approaching frogs during the day and at night. To assess small-scale visibility, we measured percentage of vegetative cover at the point from which a frog fled. To test effects of distance to refuge and body size on FID, we measured distance between each frog and the pond margin when the frog fled, and we estimated frog size. We predicted that FID would be greatest during the day and when frogs were approached from outside the pond. We also predicted that FID would increase with less vegetative cover, increasing distance between frogs and the pond, and increased frog body size. We used an information theoretic approach to contrast alternative models. For L. catesbeianus, the best-fit model included four highly weighted parameters: approach location, day/night, body size and distance to refuge. For L. clamitans, the best-fit model included only two parameters with high weights, day/night and body size. Lithobates catesbeianus and L. clamitans appear to differ in their sensitivity to predators, with L. catesbeianus having longer FIDs than L. clamitans and being strongly affected by more parameters. The differences we observed in FID between the two species may be best explained by differences in body size.
The decomposition of C60 on nickel clusters

The adsorption of C60 on nickel clusters Nin in the n=8–31 size range is studied at elevated temperatures. Above 800 °C, decomposition of C60 is seen on clusters containing oxide impurities by the loss of CO and/or CO2 molecules. The extent of decomposition depends on cluster size and C60 coverage, which affect the charging of the metal core by electron transfer from the metal to the C60. Both decreased cluster size and increased C60 coverage reduce the electron transfer per C60 molecule, weakening the C60–Nin bond and decreasing the rate of decomposition. In spite of this effect, C60 appears to decompose more readily on small nickel clusters than on bulk nickel surfaces. While decomposition is only observed for clusters having adsorbed O atoms, the oxygen may actually inhibit decomposition by withdrawing electronic charge from the metal, likewise weakening the C60–Nin bond.
A Universal Stein-Tomas Restriction Estimate for Measures in Three Dimensions

We study restriction estimates in \({\mathbb{R}}^{3}\) for surfaces given as graphs of low regularity functions. We obtain a “universal” mixed-norm estimate for the extension operator \(f \rightarrow \widehat{ f\mu }\) in \({\mathbb{R}}^{3}\). We also prove that this estimate holds for any Frostman measure supported on a compact set of Hausdorff dimension greater than two. The approach is geometric and is influenced by a connection with the Falconer distance problem.
Corneille et Molière convives

CORNEILLE ET MOLIERE CONVIVES ? R ONALD W T OBIN * Comme tout le monde le sait, l’authenticite des œuvres de Shakespeare provoque, depuis le milieu du dix-neuvieme siecle, des debats passionnes qui font les delices du grand public. Parmi d’autres candidats a la parente des œuvres dites de l’homme de Stratford-on-Avon on trouve Francis Bacon, le sixieme Earl of Derby, Christopher Marlowe, et le dix-septieme Earl of Oxford. La plus recente des “decouvertes” date de 2012, dans un long article publie dans le Times Literary Supplement (« Many Hands », 20 avril 2012). Laurie Maguire et Emma Smith avancent que Thomas Middleton serait le co-auteur de All’s Well That Ends Well, parce qu’il y existe, par exemple, des « anomalies textuelles » qui rappellent la pratique de Middleton. Une riposte importante ne tarda guere. Dans le TLS du 11 mai 2012 Brian Vickers et Marcus Dahl se livrent a rien moins qu’une deconstruction detaillee (« What is infirm… »). Apres toute une serie d’analyses minutieuses, de renvois a des ouvrages critiques hautement respectes, et des clarifications de la technique shakespearienne, Vickers et Dahl se permettent de conclure : We could extend this rebuttal, but suffice it to say that there is absolutely no evidence of another hand in this play. The world media are excited by any attempt, however weak, to take something away from Shakespeare. We hope that they will pay equal attention to this restitution 1 . (p. 15) Tout le monde (academique) reconnait egalement que, depuis la fin du dix- neuvieme siecle, lorsque Pierre Louys a emis des propos sur le role (majeur, selon lui) qu’aurait joue Corneille dans la creation de certaines pieces de Moliere, les livres et les 1*Universite de Californie a Santa Barbara La reponse vigoureuse de Mmes Smith et Maguire est parue dans le numero du 8 juin 2012 du TLS.
Prospective isolation of human erythroid lineage-committed progenitors

Determining the developmental pathway leading to erythrocytes and being able to isolate their progenitors are crucial to understanding and treating disorders of red cell imbalance such as anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and polycythemia vera. Here we show that the human erythrocyte progenitor (hEP) can be prospectively isolated from adult bone marrow. We found three subfractions that possessed different expression patterns of CD105 and CD71 within the previously defined human megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor (hMEP; Lineage− CD34+ CD38+ IL-3Rα− CD45RA−) population. Both CD71− CD105− and CD71+ CD105− MEPs, at least in vitro, still retained bipotency for the megakaryocyte (MegK) and erythrocyte (E) lineages, although the latter subpopulation is skewed in differentiation toward the erythroid lineage. Notably, the proliferative and differentiation output of the CD71intermediate(int)/+ CD105+ subset of cells within the MEP population was completely restricted to the erythroid lineage with the loss of MegK potential. CD71+ CD105− MEPs are erythrocyte-biased MEPs (E-MEPs) and CD71int/+ CD105+ cells are EPs. These previously unclassified populations may facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing human erythroid development and serve as potential therapeutic targets in disorders of the erythroid lineage.
A Theory of Fairness in Labour Markets.

I study a gift-exchange game, in which a profit-maximizing firm offers a wage to a fair-minded worker, who then chooses how much effort to exert. The worker judges a transaction fairer to the extent that his or her own gain is more nearly equal to the firm’s gain. The worker calculates both players’ gains relative to what they would have gained from the “reference transaction”, which is the transaction that the worker most recently personally experienced. The model explains several empirical regularities: rent sharing, persistence of a worker’s entry wage at a firm, insensitivity of an incumbent worker’s wage to market conditions, and, if the worker is loss averse and the reference wage is nominal, downward nominal wage rigidity. The model also makes a number of novel predictions. Whether the equilibrium is efficient depends on which notion of efficiency is used in the presence of the worker’s fairness concern, and which is appropriate to use partly depends on whether loss aversion is treated as legitimate for normative purposes.
Isoelectric focusing — A new approach to the study of immune complexes

Isoelectric focusing was used to examine antigen-antibody complexes. BSA : anti-BSA complexes were dissociated and antigen was separated from antibody based upon differences in pI value by isoelectric focusing (pH gradient 3--10). The recovered proteins were homogeneous as determined by immunodiffusion and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses. The technique was capable of resolving 6.4 microgram of BSA : anti-BSA complexes. More than 90% of the complexes applied to isoelectric focusing gels were dissociated and entered the gels. It was further demonstrated, by the use of complexes containing enzymes (acid phosphatase or alkaline phosphatase), that the dissociated enzymes retained their native pI as well as enzymatic activities. The isoelectric focusing technique, therefore, represents a new and effective approach to the dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes.
Analog neural network control method proposed for use in a backup satellite control mode

We propose to use an analog neural network controller implemented in hardware, independent of the active control system, for use in a satellite backup control mode. The controller uses coarse sun sensor inputs. The field-of-view of the sensors activate the neural controller, creating an analog dead band with respect to the direction of the sun on each axis. This network controls the orientation of the vehicle toward the sunlight to ensure adequate power for the system. The attitude of the spacecraft is stabilized with respect to the ambient magnetic field on orbit. This paper develops a model of the controller using real-time coarse sun sensor data and a dynamic model of a prototype system based on a satellite system. The simulation results and the feasibility of this control method for use in a satellite backup control mode are discussed.