cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new species of Monoxia LeConte, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) from the coast of southern Texas, USA

A new species of leaf beetle, Monoxia andrewsi sp. nov. (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) from the coast of southern Texas, USA, is described and illustrated. The new species is compared to M. elegans Blake, 1939, the most-similar described species. It is associated with Atriplex (Amaranthaceae) growing adjacent to coastal saline habitats.
Forecasting the Racial and Ethnic Impacts of ‘Race-Neutral’ Legislation through Researcher and Policymaker Partnerships

This article describes a unique researcher and policymaker partnership aimed at assessing the racial and ethnic impact of proposed criminal justice legislation. Using data from several Florida agencies, Florida State University projected trends in population and criminal justice outcomes to assess the potential impact on racial and ethnic disparities of ten bills. This article describes the project phases, provides examples of the bill analyses, and discusses the lessons learned and impact on racial/ethnic disparities. The results of the analyses show that race-neutral reform initiatives often fall short in reducing racial/ethnic disparities. Criminal justice downsizing efforts should explicitly aim to reduce racial and ethnic disparities and incorporate this goal in their design. Specific provisions that exclude individuals with prior records or those convicted of violent offenses could prove detrimental to the goal of reducing disparities. The benefits and challenges of researcher and policymaker partnerships for designing effective and race-sensitive criminal justice policy are discussed.
Health Care Workers' Attitudes Toward Patients With COVID-19

Background: Early in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, before the routine availability and/or use of personal protective equipment, health care workers were understandably concerned. Our aim was to explore health care workers' attitudes toward patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the time of the nation's first surge in 2 highly affected hospitals in New York. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, self-administered survey study of health care workers. The survey consisted of 17 multiple-choice questions including demographic information, ethics, and willingness to care for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subgroup analyses were performed using the Fisher exact test. Results: Of 340 health care workers approached, 338 (99.4%) consented to the survey;163 (48.7%) were registered nurses and 160 (48.3%) lived with children. While 326 (97.3%) workers were concerned about putting their family/coworkers at risk of infection after caring for a patient with SARS-CoV-2, only 30 (8.9%) were unwilling to treat a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Registered nurses were more likely than other health care workers to think it was ethical to refuse care for SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, worried more often about contracting infection, and felt that SARS-CoV-2 added to their stress level (P = .009, P = .018, P < .001, respectively). A similar contrast was seen when comparing workers who live with children with those who did not. Conclusions: Levels of stress and concern were extremely high. In spite of that, the overwhelming majority of workers were willing to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Registered nurses and health care workers who live with children were more likely to think it is ethical to refuse care for SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
The role of mitochondria in calcium regulation in airway smooth muscle

Excitation–contraction coupling represents a cascade of events that connects the initiating signal, an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), with the ensuing cross-bridge recruitment and cycling that underlies ATP-consuming mechanical work. Mitochondria are the power plant of the cell. An elevation in [Ca2+]cyt is followed by an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]mito). Moreover, an increase in [Ca2+]mito leads to an increase in ATP production. Therefore, the relationship between elevations in [Ca2+]cyt and [Ca2+]mito reflects a coupling between energy demand and energy supply. Accordingly, mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation mediates excitation–energy coupling in ASM. To this end, mitochondrial movement within ASM cells may help couple ATP production to localized differences in energy demand.
Application design for a smart watch with a high resolution display

Advances in technology have made it possible to package a reasonably powerful processor and memory subsystem coupled with an ultra high-resolution display and wireless communication into a wrist watch. This introduces a set of challenges in the nature of input devices, navigation, applications, power management, and other areas. This paper describes a platform we have developed and the decisions we have made about how to address these challenges.
Differential distributed amplifier and oscillator in SiGe BiCMOS using close-packed interleaved on-chip transmission lines

A monolithic differential distributed amplifier using close-packed, shielded, meandered transmission lines and a delay-matched rotationally symmetric amplifier cell is implemented using a SiGe BiCMOS process with an f/sub T/ of 120 GHz. A broadband differential power gain of 7.5 dB is achieved with a bandwidth of 25 GHz, while consuming 30 mA from a 3.3 V supply. The amplifier can also be configured as a differential oscillator by connecting the input and output pads with wire bonds. This results in an oscillation frequency of 9.2 GHz with a phase noise of -103 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset and single-ended output power of -6 dBm.
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) and its Vocabulary Description Language RDFS

An informal introduction to the W3C’s updated Resource Description Framework (RDF) and its vocabulary description language is given. RDF’s role in the semantic web and its relationship to other semantic web languages is described. The basic concepts of RDF and RDF Schema are explained and an example RDF schema is given. Limitations of RDF are described.
The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics

Although black corals inhabit all the world's oceans, they have been relatively understudied as ∼185 of 247 species occur at depths > 50 m. Antipatharians have been included in several phylogenetic studies; however, sample sizes are small and taxonomic coverage minimal. Low levels of mitochondrial (mt) sequence divergence within Scleractinia and Octocorallia are assumed to apply to all anthozoans, although no formal study has been conducted on the order Antipatharia. To quantify genetic variation in the black coral mitogenome, we analysed DNA sequences of the two longest intergenic regions (IGRs) and cox3-cox1 for 26 of 41 genera, representing all families and subfamilies. We also quantified divergence at the intraspecific level using six mtIGRs and their flanking protein-coding genes and rRNA for 100+ colonies of Antipathes griggi. Utilizing sequence data from the two mtIGRs, cox3-cox1, as well as nuclear 18S and 28S, we constructed the first multi-locus phylogenies of the Antipatharia. Reconstructions revealed that species in the genus Stichopathes are split across two families, Sibopathes macrospina groups among North Atlantic Parantipathes (suggesting the actinopharynx and mesenteries were secondarily lost), and three families are polyphyletic. These and other results provide novel, independent insights into the evolutionary history of antipatharians and support placement of species into higher-level groupings based on microscopic skeletal features rather than gross colony morphology. An illustrated key to the seven currently recognized families is also provided. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London
MOLECULAR BASIS FOR INTERPROTEIN COMPLEX-DEPENDENT EFFECTS ON THE REDOX PROPERTIES OF AMICYANIN

The quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), type I copper protein amicyanin, and cytochrome c-551i form a complex within which interprotein electron transfer occurs. It was known that comple...
BEST CONSTANTS IN NORMS OF RETARDED WICK PRODUCTS

We find the best constant c(m, n, r), such that the inequality: holds for all polynomials f and g of degree at most m and n, respectively, where X is a normally distributed random vector, ⋄r denotes the r-retarded Wick product and ‖⋅‖ the L2-norm.
Psychosocial and Cultural Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among American Indian Early Adolescents on a Northern Plains Reservation

Although research has increased concerning the psychological and social correlates of American Indian adolescent suicidal ideation, little is known about the precursors to suicidal ideation with the early adolescent age group. In this study, we examined a number of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional correlates of suicidal ideation among 122 American Indian middle school youth who lived on a reservation in the Northern Plains area of the United States in February 2006. The participants were on average 12.4 years old, and about 20% reported that they had made a nonfatal suicide attempt at some time in their lives. When using a multivariate model (adjusted R 2 of .70), depression and substance use were the only significant predictors of suicidal ideation as measured by the Suicidal Ideation-JR scale (Reynolds, 1988). We suggest potential ways in which variables such as gender, friend and family member suicidal behavior, and engagement in traditional activities may affect suicidal ideation through their eff...
The relation of α-linolenic acid to the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: α-Linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n―3) has been associated inconsistently with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Additional studies have become available since the publication of 2 previous meta-analyses. Objective: The objective was to review the published data on the relation between ALA and prostate cancer. Design: We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that included data on ALA and risk of prostate cancer. Data were pooled from studies that compared the highest ALA quantile with the lowest ALA quantile, and risk estimates were combined by using a random-effects model. Results: The relation between ALA and prostate cancer is inconsistent across studies. We pooled data from 8 case-control and 8 prospective studies. The summary estimate revealed that high ALA dietary intakes or tissue concentrations are weakly associated with prostate cancer risk (relative risk [RR]: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.43). When examined by study type (ie, retrospective compared with prospective or dietary ALA compared with tissue concentration) or by decade of publication, only the 6 studies examining blood or tissue ALA concentrations revealed a statistically significant association. With the exception of these studies, there was significant heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. After adjustment for publication bias, there was no association between ALA and prostate cancer (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.17). Conclusions: Studies examining the relation between ALA and prostate cancer have produced inconsistent findings. High ALA intakes or high blood and adipose tissue concentrations of ALA may be associated with a small increased risk of prostate cancer. However, these conclusions are qualified because of the heterogeneity across studies and the likelihood of publication bias.
Zinc in human health: An update

In this review topics such as zinc and growth, zinc and serum testosterone levels, association of zinc and iron deficiencies, zinc and Alzheimer's disease, zinc as a therapeutic agent, and role of zinc in immunity, have been covered. A meta-analysis of zinc supplementation trials from nine countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, eight from North America or Europe, five from Asia and the Middle East, and three from Africa revealed a highly significant effect of zinc supplementation on height and weight in children less than 13 years of age. It appears that the growth stimulating effect of zinc is mediated through changes in circulating IGF-I. A recent study from China showed that zinc supplementation improved neuropsychological functions in children 6 to 9 years old. A study from Birmingham, Alabama showed that zinc-supplemented women gave birth to infants who weighed more and had greater head circumference in comparison to infants of women who did not receive zinc. Serum testosterone correlated with cellular zinc concentration in healthy adults ages 20 to 80 years of age. Therapeutic uses of zinc include treatment of infantile diarrhea and chronic diarrhea in developing countries, treatment of common cold, and treatment of Wilson's disease. Recent studies indicated that in humans zinc deficiency results in an imbalance between TH1 and TH2 cell functions, which accounts for decreased cell-mediated immunity. Zinc is a T cell-specific growth factor, and a decreased gene expression of DNA-synthesizing enzyme thymidine kinase in zinc-deficient HUT-78—a malignant lymphoblastoid human T cell line—adversely affected the DNA synthesis in S phase and delayed cell cycle. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 11: 63-87, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relationship between CD4+ T-cell counts/HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load and AIDS-defining events among persons followed in the ACTG longitudinal linked randomized trials study.

Background: AIDS-defining events (ADEs) decreased in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy but still lead to hospitalizations and deaths. Understanding factors related to ADEs is important to mitigate events. Methods: We examined the relationship between demographics, behaviors, comorbidities, laboratory, clinical measurements, and ADEs diagnosed among subjects randomized to antiretroviral treatments (ART)/strategies and followed prospectively. Logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations generated odds ratios (ORs) focusing on the relationship between current CD4 + T-cell count (CD4)/HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) and ADEs in the subsequent 16-week study period. Results: Among the 2948 subjects in the analysis, overall incidence of ADEs was 1.53 per 100 person-years. Multivariate regression models adjusted for demographics, body mass index, and ADE history. A 6-level time-varying variable examined VL (> 100,000 copies/mL, ≤100,000) at CD4 levels (0-50, 51-200, >200 cells/μL); reference level was CD4 >200/VL ≤100,000. Among ART naives, odds of having an ADE in the subsequent 16-week interval were greater among subjects with lower CD4 counts; this relationship was modified by VL level (CD4 ≤50/VL > 100,000: OR 37.2; CD4 ≤50/VL ≤100,000: OR 30.5; CD4 51-200/VL > 100,000: OR 13.0; CD4 51-200/VL ≤100,000: OR 4.5; all P values <0.001). Similar results were seen among ART-experienced subjects. Conclusions: Recent CD4 and VL values are closely associated with development of ADEs even after examining a multitude of potential factors.
Nationwide Volume and Mortality after Elective Surgery in Cirrhotic Patients

Background The outcomes after elective surgery in patients with cirrhosis have not been well studied. Study Design We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify all patients undergoing elective surgery for four index operations (cholecystectomy, colectomy, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, and coronary artery bypass grafting) from 1998 to 2005. Elixhauser comorbidity measures were used to characterize patients' disease burden. Three distinct groups were created based on severity of liver disease: patients without cirrhosis (NON-CIRR), those with cirrhosis (CIRR), and patients with cirrhosis complicated by portal hypertension (PHTN). In-hospital mortality was the primary endpoint. Results There were 22,569 patients with cirrhosis (of whom 4,214 had PHTN) who underwent 1 of the 4 index operations compared with approximately 2.8 million patients without cirrhosis having these operations. Patients with CIRR or PHTN were more likely to be women (49.5% versus 44.0%, p Conclusions In-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total hospital charges are significantly higher after elective surgery in cirrhotic patients, even in the absence of portal hypertension. Careful decision-making about surgery in these patients is critical as the nationwide increase in hepatitis C and cirrhosis continues.
Utilization of Dietary Amino Acids for Energy Production in Neonatal Rat Liver

Extract: The 3-day-old rat has a high basal level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), the activity of which is not increased upon starvation. The lower basal activity of the enzyme in 19-day-old rat liver can, however, be stimulated by starvation. Serum glucose levels increased from 3 days to 19 days of age, with a decrease to adult levels. Liver glycogen concentration increased from 3 days to 19 days of age, with no additional increase observed at 3 months. There was a decrease with age in the specific activity of liver glycogen (from [14C]alanine and [14C]leucine). In fed rats given [14C]alanine, [14CO2 expiration tended to decrease with age. The 14CO2 production from [14C]leucine was less than that from alanine, and also decreased with age. Three-day-old rats showed no change in serum glucose when starved for 4 hr. On the other hand, 19-day-old rats responded with a decrease in serum glucose; although the adult animal's basal level of serum glucose was less than that of the 19-day-old rats, starvation for 15 hr also caused a significant decrease. There was no statistically significant difference in liver glycogen concentration between the fed and starved 3-day-old animals. Liver glycogen concentration in the 19-day-old adult rats was affected, however, by starvation. The 3-day-old rat showed no significant change in incorporation of labeled amino acids into liver glycogen during starvation. Starvation resulted in a tremendous increase in the specific activity of hepatic glycogen in the 19-day-old and adult rats. Starvation decreased the percentage of labeled amino acid expired as 14CO2. The proportion expired also decreased with age. Urinary nitrogen concentration increased significantly between 3 and 19 days of age. Starvation produced differential effects in the animals, with no change being observed in either the 3-day or adult rats; a decrease was observed in the 19-day-old animals. Urinary nitrogen concentration was measured in adult carbohydrate- deprived rats and was significantly higher than control values. These rats had a high gluconeogenic rate, reflected in the increased urinary nitrogen concentration. The young rat is at the mercy of a continuous supply of substrate in that it has a limited capacity for directing substrate flow within the liver in response to dietary changes. Speculation: The relatively high dietary protein requirement for the neonatal rat may be a reflection of the utilization of amino acids not only for protein synthesis, but also for energy, as well as the need to conserve nitrogen as a source of nucleic acids for hyperplastic growth.
Structural studies of amorphous semiconducting thin films using interference enhanced raman scattering

Abstract A new technique, interference enhanced Raman scattering, is used to obtain the Raman spectra of very thin amorphous films (∼50–350A) of elemental semiconductors with quite different atomic coordinations, which include As, B, Se and Si:H. These thin films show spectra which are essentially similar to the thick film or bulk sample counterparts, however, the scattering intensity is enhanced. The photo-induced oxidation in a-As and the hydrogen evolution due to annealing in a-Si:H are investigated by using the interference enhanced Raman scattering technique.
Structure of the micronuclear α-tubulin gene in the phyllopharyngean ciliate Chilodonella uncinata: implications for the evolution of chromosomal processing

Ciliates are a group of microbial eukaryotes defined by the presence of dimorphic nuclei—each cell contains both a transcriptionally active macronucleus and a germline micronucleus. During the development of the macronucleus, germline chromosomes are rearranged through extensive fragmentation, removal of internally excised sequences (IESs) and DNA amplification. We have characterized three IESs in the gene that encodes a-tubulin in the phyllopharyngean ciliate Chilodonella uncinata. The IESs are located within the coding domain, range in size from 81 to 107 bp, and are flanked by direct repeats that vary in length from 6 to 8 bp. All three IESs are moderately AT-rich and each contains two copies of a conserved sequence motif. These data provide evidence for the existence of IESs in phyllopharyngean ciliates and suggest that IES processing in C. uncinata may rely on a novel cis-acting sequence. Comparisons of the IESs in C. uncinata with those of ‘model’ ciliates—Paramecium, Tetrahymena, Euplotes, Oxytricha and Stylonychia—reveal considerable variation in chromosomal processing among ciliates. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
USGS Compiles Data Set for National Assessment of VOCs in Ground Water

Frequently, water quality issues arise that are national or regional in scope. The ability to successfully address these concerns requires data that have been collected in a consistent way throughout the geographic area of interest. Consistency in the data collected encompasses all aspects of water quality monitoring, including the sampling-network design and the methods used for data collection and laboratory analysis. In addition, the water quality and ancillary data need to be stored in an electronic format that is readily accessible to the analyst. This article describes an effort by the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to compile a national data set of volatile organic compound (VOC) analyses and related ancillary information that is explicitly designed to answer questions of national and regional concern regarding the occurrence, status, and distribution of VOCs in ground water.
A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Framework for the Hammerhead Ribozyme Reaction

A hammerhead ribozyme (HH16) with eight potential base pairs in each of the substrate recognition helices stabilized product binding sufficiently to enable investigation of the ligation of oligonucleotides bound to the ribozyme. All individual rate constants for product association and dissociation were determined. The following conclusions were obtained for HH16 from the analysis performed at 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgC12, and 25 "C. (1) HH16 cleaves bound substrate with a rate constant of k2 = 1 min-l, similar to rate constants obtained with other hammerhead ribozymes. (2) k-2, the rate of ligation of the 5' product and 3' product to form substrate, equaled 0.008 min-I, indicating an approximately 100-fold preference for the formation of products on the ribozyme. This internal equilibrium, compared with that for the overall solution reaction, gives an effective concentration (EC) of M for the two products bound to the ribozyme. This low EC suggests that upon cleavage of S the hammerhead complex acquires a "floppiness" which provides an entropic advantage for the formation of products on the ribozyme. (3) Product and substrate association rate constants were in the range of 107-108 M-1 min-l, comparable to values determined for short helices. (4) The stabilities of ribozyme/product complexes were similar to affinities predicted from helix-coil transitions of simple R N A duplexes, providing no indication of additional tertiary interactions. The products, P1 and P2, stabilize one another 4-fold on the ribozyme. ( 5 ) The dissociation constant for the binding of the substrate to the ribozyme was estimated to be about M. These results allowed the construction of a free energy profile for the reaction of HH16, and provide a basis for future mechanistic studies.
Pavement Condition Prediction Using Clusterwise Regression

In this paper, the clusterwise regression model, which fits data to more than one curve, was introduced to model the deterioration of pavement condition. To make the model solvable in practice, a modification was made to the model by the membership of a pavement to each cluster being estimated with the fuzzy sets concept with the corresponding errors. The number of unknowns in the modified model is reduced significantly. The model was then extended to be applicable to cases in which more than two clusters or nonlinear equations were used. Based on the result of the modified clusterwise regression model, a procedure was proposed to predict the pavement condition rating (PCR) for any individual pavement, given that the pavement condition rating at the present age was known. In the example, the ordinary least squares regression method was first employed to determine the PCR prediction curve for a pavement group. The PCRs of the individual pavements were predicted by an adjusted prediction curve based on the prediction curve of the group. The proposed prediction procedure was then applied to the same data set to make the predictions. The results showed that the proposed procedures using the modified clusterwise regression method could result in a smaller prediction error and thus produce a more accurate prediction than one produced with the adjusted curve. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of the pavement condition predictions, the modified clusterwise regression model is recommended in cases in which the pavement families are not well defined.
Influence of endogenous prolactin on the luteinizing hormone stimulation of testicular steroidogenesis and the role of prolactin in adult male rats.

Abstract The role of endogenous prolactin (PRL) in the control of testosterone (T) secretion and T responses to LH treatment was evaluated in adult male rats. Rats were actively immunized three times against ovine PRL in Freund's adjuvant-saline mixture (PRL-IMM rats), and control rats were treated with adjuvantsaline mixture (ADJ-CON rats). On day 110 after initial immunization, rats in each of these two groups were divided into three subgroups. Rats in subgroups 1 and 2 were injected with saline while those in subgroup 3 received 200 μg ovine PRL in saline, twice a day for a total of 7 injections. On day 113, the seventh injection was given 3 h before the termination of the experiment. On the same day, 2.5 h before the rats were sacrificed, rats in subgroups 1 and 3 were treated with saline; animals in subgroup 2 received 25 μg ovine LH in saline. Blood samples were obtained throughout the study, and sera were used for measurement of PRL antibodies, gonadotropins, progesterone (P), and T. PRL antibodies were detected in the sera of all rats actively immunized with PRL. Administration of PRL increased serum T levels in ADJ-CON rats, and this effect was eliminated in rats actively immunized against PRL. LH treatment significantly increased serum T levels in ADJ-CON rats. In PRL-IMM rats, this increase was attenuated while circulating P concentrations were elevated. These data demonstrate that PRL treatment can increase T secretion and that endogenous PRL is required for the complete expression of the stimulatory action of LH on T secretion in adult male rats.
"The Starry Heaven of Popular Girls": Fitzgerald's BERNICE BOBS HER HAIR and Catullus's COMA BERENICES

(2007). 'The Starry Heaven of Popular Girls': Fitzgerald's BERNICE BOBS HER HAIR and Catullus's COMA BERENICES. The Explicator: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 226-229.
Connecting Element Names with the Names of U.S. Towns

A survey of U.S. geographical locations reveals that the names of many elements have been used to name towns. The origin and chemical significance of the naming for a sampling of such towns is briefly reported.
Low cost polyolefin composites containing pulp mill wood residue

Pulp mill wood residue was tested for its suitability as a filler for polyolefins. Samples of wood residue (residue from screened chips) were obtained from three southern kraft pulp mills. Screen analysis of the residues indicated that from 2 to 10 percent, by weight, passes a 48 mesh screen. The aspect, or length to diameter, ratio of the wood residue varied from 3 to over 19, compared to 2.5 for commercial wood flour. While the ash content of the residue was high, its lower cost and higher aspect ratio compared to wood floor indicated potential as a polymer filler. Composites of polyethylene and polystyrene with the wood residue were extruded and then injectionmolded into tensile bars. The results indicate little difference in extrusion torque, tensile modulus, or drop-ball impact strength between composites containing wood residue and wood flour.
Catalog Maintenance in the Discovery System: Opinions of Early Adopters

This article presents the viewpoints and comments gathered in a larger survey on cataloging maintenance and authority control activities within the framework of the discovery system. Qualtrics (an online survey and analysis product) was used. Only one survey per academic library (275) was accepted for those that have adopted one of these commercial discovery systems: AquaBrowser, EBSCO Discovery Services, Encore, Primo, Summon, and WorldCat Local. One hundred seven surveys (39 percent response rate) were usable for data manipulation. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the proportion of libraries that felt that discovery systems expose more errors with catalog data and those that believed that the data will be buried or diminished within the larger database of the discovery system. User viewpoints were divided into categories such as authority control, quality control, the OPAC vs. the discovery system, WorldCat Local, and staffing.
The contribution of psychiatric illness on perinatal outcomes.

Please cite this paper as: Meltzer-Brody S, Thorp J. The contribution of psychiatric illness on perinatal outcomes. BJOG 2011;118:1283–1284.
Alteration of antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide type III in rats by neonatal immobilization stress.

Our previous studies showed that stressing newborn animals by immobilization during the first 2 weeks of life caused significant changes in the capacity of adult rats to respond to stress as measured by the adrenal and circulating levels of catecholamines. In this report the effect of stress on the antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of Type III Streptococcus pneumoniae (SSS-III) was investigated in two different strains of rats: Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Fischer (F) 344 rats. Animals were stressed 1 h each day for a total period of 10 days. Following this period of stress, animals were reared together along with littermate controls up to 40 days of age, when they were immunized with an optimally immunogenic dose of SSS-III. The results of experiments done with SD rats showed a substantial suppression of the antibody response when the response of the neonatally stressed animals was compared to the controls. In contrast, stressing adult SD animals for 10 days, followed by a 3-week recovery period prior to immunization with SSS-III, did not result in any significant (p > .05) suppression of antibody response. When F rats were used, the antibody response of the neonatally stressed rats was also significantly (p < .05) lower than that of the controls. Thus, the effects of chronic, immobilization stress on antibody response can be long-lasting when the stressor is applied during the neonatal period.
Surface and interface properties of PdCr/SiC Schottky diode gas sensor annealed at 425°C

The surface and interface properties of Pd(0.9)Cr(0.1)/SiC Schottky diode gas sensors both before and after annealing are investigated using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). At room temperature the alloy reacted with SiC and formed Pd(x)Si only in a very narrow interfacial region. After annealing for 250 hours at 425 C, the surface of the Schottky contact area has much less silicon and carbon contamination than that found on the surface of an annealed Pd/SiC structure. Palladium silicides (Pd(x)Si) formed at a broadened interface after annealing, but a significant layer of alloy film is still free of silicon and carbon. The chromium concentration with respect to palladium is quite uniform down to the deep interface region. A stable catalytic surface and a clean layer of Pd(0.9)Cr(0.1) film are likely responsible for significantly improved device sensitivity.
The Relationship Between Concentrations of Proinflammatory Cytokines Within Gingiva and the Adjacent Sulcular Depth

The objective of this study was to determine and compare concentrations and ratios of 3 proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL) IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 within gingival tissue biopsies adjacent to 6 mm sulci. All gingiva adjacent to > or = 4 mm sulci had clinical evidence of active inflammation. Factorial analysis of variance suggested significant effects of sulcus depth on the type and concentration of the three cytokines in the adjacent gingiva (P 6 mm sulci (P 6 mm sites. IL-1beta concentrations were highest in gingiva adjacent to >6 mm and lowest adjacent to 4 to 6 mm sites; they were also higher adjacent to or = 6 mm sites, IL-8 was the least and IL-1-beta the most prevalent. The data suggest that the characteristics of the gingival cytokine network are affected by adjacent sulcular depth. These data could be used to design adjunct diagnostic tests for progression of periodontal diseases.
Hypertension and the heart.

The heart contributes to the maintenance of hypertension by generating an increased arterial pressure. At the same time, the increased left ventricular wall tension leads to striking structural, biochemical, and physiological changes in the myocardium. As hypertrophy develops because of RNA-mediated protein synthesis, the increased myocardial mass helps to maintain left ventricular stroke volume, but dilatation of the left ventricle and eventually frank congestive heart failure may supervene. Heart failure may be attributed not only to the primary functional changes in the hypertrophied myocardium but to the interaction of a number of factors that further increase resistance to left ventricular ejection, increase venous return to the heart, or secondarily alter myocardial function. The interaction of coronary artery disease with hypertension is particularly important in the pathophysiology of so-called hypertensive heart failure.
A gazetteer of Alaskan glaciers

It has long been recognized that Alaska and the adjacent portion of Canada provide one of the finest regions in the world for the study of glaciers and the various problems connected with glaciation. The vast number of glaciers that exist in this region and the relative accessibility of many of them make it possible to conduct extensive studies without the need of organizing expensive expeditions. Almost every type and variety of glacier is well represented, with the exception of continental ice-sheets, which are now confined to the Polar regions. The main sources of information are contained in the accounts of the many scientists and travelers who have visited the Alaskan glaciers in the last 80 years. These are found in books, magazine articles, and reports in scientific publications, all of which, taken together, form a very substantial and significant contribution to the literature on the subject of glaciers. Other important sources of information are aerial photographs taken by the United States Navy and by Bradford Washburn, and the excellent topographic maps of the International Boundary Commission and the United States Geological Survey.
A New Role for Sulfur in Arsenic Cycling

Sulfur and arsenic often coexist in the environment and share similar microbial redox transformations. We examined the effects of sulfide on aerobic arsenite oxidation in alkaline lake water samples and in laboratory enrichment cultures. Significant arsenite oxidation occurred only in treatments with bacteria present, and production of arsenate was greatly enhanced by the addition of sulfide or thiosulfate. IC-ICP-MS analysis of samples showed that mono- and dithioarsenate formed in arsenite + sulfide amended lake water. Our data indicate that these two thioarsenic compounds are fairly stable in sterile alkaline solutions, but are transformed predominantly to arsenate when bacteria are present. Enrichment culture experiments suggest that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria use free or arsenic-bound sulfur as a growth substrate and directly or indirectly transform arsenite and thioarsenates to arsenate during growth. Increases in cell density resulted in more rapid conversion of arsenite and thioarsenates. The rate and extent of these processes appearto be controlled bythe concentration of bacteria and the ratio of reduced sulfur to arsenite present. Sulfur-driven arsenite oxidation and microbial thioarsenate transformation may be important biogeochemical processes in the arsenic cycle of our study site (Mono Lake, CA, USA) and other alkaline environments as well.
Quantitative interpretation of the response of surface plasmon resonance sensors to adsorbed films

A simple but quantitative mathematical formalism for interpretation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signals from adsorbed films of a wide variety of structures is presented. It can be used to estimate adsorbed film thicknesses, surface coverages, or surface concentrations from the SPR response over the entire range of film thicknesses without relying on calibration curves of response versus known thicknesses or surface concentrations. This formalism is compared to more complex optical simulations. It is further tested by (1) calibrating the response of two SPR spectrometers to changes in bulk index of refraction, (2) using these calibrations with this formalism to predict responses to several well-characterized adlayer structures (alkanethiolates and serum albumin on gold, propylamine on COOH-functionalized gold), and then (3) comparing these predictions to measured SPR responses. Methods for estimating the refractive index of the adlayer material are also discussed. Detection limits in both bulk and a...
Biomarkers Predicting Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Disease

Biomarkers in predicting the progression of HIV infected individuals to a state of HIV disease (AIDS) are studied over more than a decade. Use of surrogate markers in the past for tracking clinical progression of the disease was limited, as little knowledge existed about the disease. The aim of this review was to address various changes in biomarker related studies taking place over the last five years, especially the trend towards use of newer biomarkers and experimentation with novel molecules in a quest for halting HIV disease progression. An open search of PUBMED database was made with search 'key words' such as 'Biomarkers' and 'AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)'.The following were the inclusion criteria for articles: a) all articles published in English language, b) years of publication between 2002-2008 and c) articles limited to adult population. This yielded a total of 417 articles. The criteria used for further judging these studies considered a) type of research design, b) number of biomarkers studied, c) validity of the biomarkers, d) techniques to assess the biomarkers and the impact of the studies in furthering biomarker research, e) sample size for the studies and f) article title or abstracts having the following key words 'biomarker' or 'biomarkers' and 'predict progression to AIDS'. A total of 27 abstracts were reviewed and 12 studies met the above criteria. These 12 different studies consisted of three reviews, four cohort designs, three cross-sectional designs, one each of an observational, and an in-vitro design. The various biomarkers emerging as a results were primarily a mix of viral, neural, immunological, HLA (human leukocyte antigen) markers along with lymphocyte counts. Although there have been quite a few advancements in biomarker-related studies, majority of the novel biomarkers discovered need to be further evaluated and replicated in bigger, long-term efficacy trials. Efforts should also be made to discover newer genetic markers of disease progression. Biomarker feedback, a new concept, can be utilized in future studies addressing prevention of HIV infection or halting disease progression. Keywords Biomarkers; Progression; Designs; HIV; AIDS; Validity
Memory and conservation

Minimal support for the Genevan hypothesis that memory of stimuli is often dependent upon the operational schemes that underlie the cognition of those stimuli was found. Specifically, number conservation and not length or amount conservation was found to be significantly related to recall and recognition of the conservation stimuli. The relationship was due to nonconservers’ retention failures and not to conservers’ ability to remember correctly. Sedation and water-level performance was related to recall of the appropriate stimuli. Ninety-two first and second graders of average intelligence were studied.
Preserving Cognitive Vitality in Older Adults

As the population of older adults burgeons, preservation of cognitive vitality is quickly becoming a national public health concern. Speech-language pathologists are in a unique position to provide...
rRNA Chemical Groups Required for Aminoglycoside Binding

Through an affinity chromatography based modification-interference assay, we have identified chemical groups within Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA sequence that are required for binding the aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin. Paromomycin was covalently linked to solid support via a nine atom spacer from the 6"'-amine of ring IV, and chemical modifications to an A-site oligonucleotide that disrupted binding were identified. Positions in the RNA oligonucleotide that correspond to G1405(N7), G1491(N7), G1494(N7), A1408(N7), A1493(N7), A1408(N1), A1492(N1), and A1493(N1), as well as the pro-R phosphate oxygens of A1492 and A1493 in 16S rRNA are chemical groups that are essential for a high-affinity RNA-paromomycin interaction. These data are consistent with genetic, biochemical, and structural studies related to neomycin-class antibiotics and provide additional information for establishing an exact model for their interaction with the ribosome.
Mathematics for engineers — II: method of Graeco-Latin squares

In this second part of a 3-part series, a method is described whereby time and effort in examining problems involving a number of variables may be reduced greatly by selecting only those combinations of greatest significance. It has been applied for four, five, and six variables, provided the number of values of each variable is one less than the number of variables.
Intra‐arterial cisplatin with or without radiation in limb‐sparing for canine osteosarcoma

Methods. Forty-nine dogs with spontaneously occurring osteosarcoma underwent limb-sparing surgery after preoperative therapy consisting of intra-arterial cisplatin alone or intra-arterial cisplatin in combination with doses of radiation from 20–40 Gy in 10 fractions. All resections were marginal, and the defect was repaired with a cortical allograft. Results. Local tumor control was strongly influenced by the percent necrosis in the excised specimen. Overall, the estimated 1-year local recurrence rate was approximately 32% (by life-table estimate). Dogs with less than 75% necrosis had an estimated 1-year recurrence rate of 65%; those with greater than 75% necrosis had an estimated 1-year recurrence rate of 15% (P = 0.004, by log-rank test). Local recurrence was influenced by the radiation dose. Dogs receiving 28 Gy or less had an estimated 50% 1-year recurrence rate, and those receiving 32 Gy or more had an estimated 8% 1-year recurrence rate (P = 0.03, by log-rank test). Normal host bone more frequently became necrotic at doses of 36 Gy or more. Conclusions. Intra-arterial cisplatin in combination with moderate doses of radiation (32 Gy) can achieve a high percent tumor necrosis while maintaining host bone viability. Survival was limited by distant metastasis but was lengthened by treatment compared with some earlier findings.
Calvin's Legacy for Public Theology

AbstractMany thinkers, of whom Jean-Jacques Rousseau is a prominent example, have expressed ambivalence regarding John Calvin's contribution to our understanding of a healthy civic order: while Calvin's political genius is undeniable, he and his followers are also known for intolerant attitudes and practices. Thus the image of "two Calvins" by a recent biographer of the Reformer. In this essay I lay out some relevant tensions in Calvin's political thought, while also identifying underlying themes that were later developed by his followers. Special attention is given to the ways in which the "neo-Calvinist" movement, initiated in the nineteenth century by Abraham Kuyper, both corrected and expanded upon Calvin's theology of public life. It is noted that while Kuyper's thought also influenced the Afrikaners' apartheid ideology, Reformed opponents of apartheid also appealed to elements in Kuyper's theology of public life. Although the results have been mixed, Kuyper and others did demonstrate the ways in whi...
The Adoption of Reduced Tillage: The Role of Human Capital and Other Variables

This paper presents a model of adoption behavior and explains differences econometrically in farmers' decisions to adopt reduced‐tillage practices and in the efficiency of farmers' adoption decisions. The empirical results, obtained from microdata, show that the probability of adopting reduced tillage in corn enterprises differs widely across farms and depends on soil characteristics, cropping systems, and size of farming operation. The results also show that farmers' schooling enhances the efficiency of the adoption decision.
Age-related increase in CNS sensitivity to benzodiazepines as assessed by task difficulty

The differential sensitivity of young and elderly healthy adults to the impairment effects of benzodiazepines was assessed by tasks with several levels of difficulty. Using a double-blind procedure, single doses of placebo, alprazolam (0.75 and 1.5 mg) and triazolam (0.25 and 0.5 mg) were ingested orally by 10 young men, 9 young women, 7 elderly men, and 10 elderly women. Order of drug administration was determined by a random Latin square design. Different versions of the subcritical tracking and digit symbol substitution tasks were characterized by three difficulty levels. Assessments of task performance were conducted at varying intervals for 7 h after drug administration. Both drugs induced a rapid initial onset of impairment in the two age groups. Evidence of increased drug sensitivity in the elderly was provided by the more prolonged duration of the pharmacologic effect in the older than young subjects, especially for the harder versions of the SCT and DSS tasks. In summary, the data provide support for the hypothesis of an age-related decline in the adaptive capacity to inhibit adverse drug effects.
Self-assembly of chiral molecular polygons.

Treatment of 2,2‘-diacetyl-1,1‘-binaphthyl-6,6‘-bis(ethyne), L-H2, with 1 equiv of trans-Pt(PEt3)2Cl2 led to a mixture of different sizes of chiral metallocycles [trans-(PEt3)2Pt(L)]n (n = 3−8, 1−6). Each of the chiral molecular polygons 1−6 was purified by silica gel column chromatography and characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, MS, IR, UV−vis, and circular dichroism spectroscopies, and microanalysis. The presence of tunable cavities (1.4−4.3 nm) and chiral functionalities in these molecular polygons promises to make them excellent receptors for a variety of guests.