cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Six-mode interaction of panel flutter with joint relaxation deterministic analysis

The influence of boundary conditions relaxation on two-dimensional panel flutter is studied in the presence of in-plane loading. The boundary value problem of the panel involves time-dependent boundary conditions that are converted into autonomous form using a special coordinate transformation. Galerkin’s method is used to discretize the panel partial differential equation into six nonlinear ordinary differential equations representing the first six modes. The influence of boundary conditions relaxation on the panel modal frequencies and limit cycle amplitudes in the time and frequency domains is examined through the spectrogram of the generalized coordinate for each mode. The relaxation and system nonlinearity are found to have opposite effects on the time evolution of the panel frequency. Depending on the system damping and dynamic pressure, the panel flutter frequency can increase or decrease with time as the boundary conditions approach the state of simple supports. Bifurcation diagrams are generated by taking the dynamic pressure and relaxation parameter as control parameters. They reveal different regions of periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions. These regions take place only when the in-plane load exceeds the Euler buckling load.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Educational Technology Applied to an Electrical Engineering Laboratory Program

In the fall of 1969 a systematic reorganization of the EE laboratory program was begun at Purdue University. The reorganization was approached using an educational system model which recognized the needs for: clear statements of instructional objectives, mechanisms for information transfer, opportunities to practice, and apply new skills, the personal dimension of education and evaluation procedures. A second educational model, essentially orthogonal to the one above, based on Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives was used to plan the degree to which various skills and activities should be stressed in each course. The educational methodologies used in developing the program and the end product of this effort are described.
CPA exam influence on classroom testing

Abstract When the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) proposed that the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam format be changed to all objective questions, some educators feared the change would inhibit accounting education by influencing classroom testing. This paper reports the results of an investigation to determine what types of questions professors are using to examine students' achievement and in what combination. Topics covered include scheduling and length of examinations. Professors' perception of the influence of the proposed change in the CPA exam format to all objective questions is discussed.
Identifying exemplary teachers: Evidence from colleagues, administrators, and alumni

Are traditional sources of information about exemplary teaching effective for identifying such teachers?—a review of the research and a proposal.
Clinical experience with minimally invasive coronary artery and mitral valve surgery with the advantage of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest using the Port Access technique.

To minimize surgical trauma, the use of Port Access cardiac surgery was initiated in patients (pts) with coronary artery disease (CAD) (42 pts) or mitral valve disease (MVD) (24 pts) in March 1996 at our institution. Altogether 42 pts (36 men, 6 women; age 31–75 years, median 59.0 years) with isolated lesions of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery underwent Port Access coronary artery surgery (PACAS). A small (5–9 cm) incision was done parasternally on top on the fourth rib. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was dissected through the minithoracotomy or by using an additional thoracoscopic approach. A total of 24 pts (12 men, 12 women; age 30–75 years, median 62 years) underwent Port Access mitral valve surgery (PAMVS). In these pts the procedure was performed through a small right thoracotomy (6–8 cm). In all cases, endovascular cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was instituted through femoral cannulation, and an additional endoaortic balloon catheter was introduced into the ascending aorta for aortic occlusion. In pts with PACAS the survival was 98% (41/42) and in the PAMVS group 100%. All pts but one survived the PACAS and are well today. There were no deaths in the PAMVS group. The hospital stay was reduced by 1 day on average after PACAS and 3 days after PAMVS. Thus in well selected patients Port Access cardiac surgery represents a safe and feasible minimally invasive surgical approach that avoids the potential complications of a sternotomy while offering the advantages and safety of CPB and cardioplegic arrest. This minimally invasive approach offers a shortened hospital stay and earlier rehabilitation.
Early Changes in Wavelength-Dependent Backscattering During Apoptosis are Linked to Apoptotic Volume Decrease

Scattering changes early in apoptosis precede most organelle-based morphology changes. Backscattering measurements, modeling, and inhibition of apoptotic pathways have linked these changes to water loss during apoptotic volume decrease.
Optical Emission Spectroscopy in a Reactive Ion Etching System

In this work, we utilize optical emission spectroscopy (OES) to monitor the excited state densities of fluorine atoms in a 100 mTorr, 40 seem sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) plasma at both 100 and 250 W. Emission data were collected from 350nm to 100nm through a quartz viewport using a 400 mum optical fiber connected to an OceanOptics USB4000 CCD system with a 10mum entrance slit. After obtaining the relative spectral response of our system using a tungsten halogen lamp, we generated fluorine excited state Boltzmann plots. Results indicate a 50 % increase in the fluorine excited state population for the 250W plasma compared to the 100W discharge, and, more surprisingly, a population inversion (higher population of the higher energy states); however, this latter result is consistent with other data in the literature. We suspect the cause for the population inversion is the low pressure, and thus low collision frequencies, in conjunction with an upper state metastable state.
Decreases in protective enzymes correlates with increased oxidative damage in the aging mouse brain

We used several biochemical assays to evaluate age-related changes in antioxidant enzyme levels vs. free-radical damage in the murine brain. We found levels of several free-radical scavenging enzymes in the brains of 24-month-old C57B1 male mice vs. 12-month-old animals were decreased, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Rd). In addition, we found concomitant increases in the levels of several forms of free-radical damage including sensitivity to lipid peroxidation as measured by the thiobarbituric acid test, protein oxidation as measured by glutamine synthetase (Gln Syn) activity, as well as increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, a measure of oxidative stress. These data suggest that decreases in levels of enzymes which ordinarily protect neuronal cells against oxidative stress with age may be responsible for increased levels of free-radical damage in the murine brain, or that these enzymes themselves are susceptible to inactivation by free radical molecules which increase with age in the brain.
EHMTI-0315. AMG 334, the first potent and selective human monoclonal antibody antagonist against the CGRP receptor

Results AMG 334 is a potent inhibitor of [125I]-CGRP binding to the human CGRP receptor with a Ki of 0.02 nM. It exhibited full inhibition of CGRP-stimulated cAMP production with an IC50 of 2.3 nM in cell-based functional assays. Potency of AMG 334 at the cyno CGRP receptor is similar to that at the human receptor, but with significant reduced potency at dog, rabbit and rat receptors. AMG 334 also demonstrates > 5000-fold selectivity over other closely related receptors in the family. The receptor kinetics studies using [125I]-AMG 334 reveals a dissociation t1/2 off of 67 min. In the cyno study, AMG 334 produces a significant and sustained inhibitory effect on capsaicin-induced increase in dermal blood flow.
Kalman filter tracking of intracellular neuronal voltage and current

The nervous system encodes and processes information with the activities of neurons. The response of a single neuron is complex and depends on the interactions between its previous state, its intrinsic properties, and the stimuli it receives. Experimentally, we utilize the patch clamp technique to monitor neural membrane voltages, but the underlying stimuli, including the external current or synaptic current from other neurons, cannot be fully observed. In this paper, we used computational models as an alternative to tackle these challenges. We employed an ensemble Kalman filter to reconstruct unobserved intracellular variables and parameters only from measured membrane potentials in a CA1 pyramidal neuron model that follows Hodgkin-Huxley dynamics. We found that the tracking of intracellular neuronal voltage and current was close to their true values whether the observations are from model generated data or real experimental data. In addition, we retrieved the experimentally inaccessible dynamics of the neuron, such as the changes of sodium and potassium gating variables, which helps to understand their roles in generating action potentials. Our study provides a powerful framework for observing dynamics underlying neural activity and seeking better real-time neuronal control.
Growth of large, high-quality beta-barium metaborate crystals

Abstract We report recent results of growth experiments that increase the size and quality of beta-barium metaborate crystals suitable for optical applications. Crystals of length 15–23 mm have been produced using large melt volumes and oriented seeds. Decreasing the cooling rate of the solution from 3.7 to 1.5°C/day has dramatically reduced the density of inclusions in the grown material. The results of various growth experiments involving techniques aimed at improving crystal size and quality are discussed.
Visual scanning of triangles by the human newborn.

Abstract Ten human newborns were shown a homogeneous black visual field and ten newborns were shown a large black triangle on a white field. Ocular orientation to within approximately ±5° of visual angle was measured by scoring infrared photographs of corneal reflections. The infants showed much less disperison of scanning in the presence of the triangle than in the presence of the homogeneous field. Moreover, ocular orientations were directed toward a vertex of the presented triangle. The results were related to Hebb's theory of perceptual development, to analyzer theories of discrimination, and to studies of complexity and preference in the human newborn.
Occurrence of simian virus 40 (SV40)-reacting antibodies in sera of some patients with prostatic cancer.

SV48-neutralizing antibodies were found in four of 77 sera from patients with pgostatic carcinoma. T antibodies were not detected in any of the sera. The antibody prevalence and the titers of positive sera in prostatic cancer patients were similar to those in sera of bladder cancer patients and of non-cancerous individuals.
Evidence lacking to determine whether preoperative analgesic use reduces post dental treatment pain for children

Evidence lacking to determine whether preoperative analgesic use reduces post dental treatment pain for children
GaInAsP buried channel ea modulator for 13 μm fibre links

Double-heterostructure (DH) GaInAsP/InP buried channel waveguide electroabsorption (EA) modulators are demonstrated. They are designed for external intensity modulation of 1·3 μm laser light and direct coupling to single-mode fibre. For a 650 μm-long device, a 30 dB on/off ratio has been achieved at a bias voltage of - 9 V. The substrate light is found to be a limiting factor of the measured extinction ratio for short modulators, but not for long (1·8 mm) modulators.
Micromechanical Modeling Approach to Predict Compressive Dynamic Moduli of Asphalt Mixtures Using the Distinct Element Method

A clustered distinct element method (DEM) approach is presented as a research tool for modeling asphalt concrete microstructure. The approach involves the processing of high-resolution optical images to create a synthetic, reconstructed mechanical model that appears to capture many important features of the complex morphology of asphalt concrete. Uniaxial compression tests in the laboratory were employed to measure the dynamic modulus of sand mastic (a very fine sand-asphalt mixture) and asphalt mixtures at three temperatures and four loading frequencies. For a coarse mixture considered in this study, it was found that a two-dimensional (2-D) clustered DEM provided good estimates of mixture dynamic modulus across a range of loading temperatures and frequencies without calibration. However, for a fine-grained mixture, the uncalibrated predictions of the 2-D model were found to reside near the lower theoretical bounds and well below experimentally determined moduli, most likely because of current limitation...
Estimating the glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine is better than from cystatin C for evaluating risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease risk factors may associate with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) differently than with the measured GFR. To examine this, we evaluated 1150 patients (mean age 65 years) in two community cohorts for risk factors, measured GFR by iothalamate clearance, and eGFR based on creatinine (Cr), cystatin C (CysC), or both. The interaction between each risk factor and eGFR (relative to measured GFR) identified risk factor associations with eGFR along non-GFR pathways. In a subset of 40 patients with two visits, the mean coefficient of variation was 8.2% for measured GFR, 6.4% for eGFRCr, 8.2% for eGFRCr-CysC, and 10.7% for eGFRCysC. The measured GFR was better correlated with eGFRCr-CysC (r, 0.74) than eGFRCr (r, 0.70) or eGFRCysC (r, 0.68). Lower measured GFR associated with lower 24-hour urine creatinine, albuminuria, hypertension, diabetes, higher triglycerides, and higher uric acid. Lower eGFRCr had these same associations except for an association with higher 24-hour urine creatinine along a non-GFR pathway. Lower eGFRCysC and eGFRCr-CysC also had these same associations but also associated with obesity, albuminuria, hypertension, diabetes, higher triglycerides, higher C-reactive protein, and higher uric acid along non-GFR pathways. Thus, cystatin C improves estimation of GFR over creatinine alone; however, the association between most of the risk factors and GFR was more accurate by eGFR based on creatinine alone. This is explained by the association of these risk factors with the non-GFR determinants of cystatin C.
SOCIAL AGE SCORE: STABILITY AMONG PROFOUNDLY RETARDED, INSTITUTIONALIZED ADULTS

The Vineland Social Maturiry Scale (Doll, 1953) has been regarded as the traditional mesure of social competence (Congdon, 1969). The Social Age scores provide convenient references in establishing the degree to which a person can function independently. Changes in Social Age might indicate progress toward or regression from adult functioning. Thus the stability of scores across time would appear of vital concern to psychometricians. Doll (1953) reported test-retest reliability coefficients of .94 to .96 with test intervals of 6 to 24 mo. for the normative sample and suggested that variability in the test rather than changes in social functioning accounted for any var.iance in scores. In the present study the Vineland scale was administered for 53 profoundly retarded men who lived in one unit of a large residential institution for the mentally retarded. The reporter in each case was the cottage attendant chiefly responsible for the resident's daily activities. All residents had lived in the instirution for at least 10 yr., and all were receiving training in self-help and other skills. Mean institutiondization wxs 19.2 yr. (SD = 6.4). The mean Social Age was 3.19 yr. (SD = .52), while the mean chronological age was 29.3 yr. (SD = 2.8). Intelligence levels were poorljr established for many residents, with test reports often commenting "below scale" or "untestable." Twelve months after the first Vineland scale administration each resident was reevaluated in the same manner. Of the 27 highest initial performers, 18 displayed increases in Social Age while 9 showed declines. The 26 initial lowest performers showed 12 increases, 8 declines, and 6 which didn't change. The mean Social Age increased 3.13 mo. (SD = 1.96), while the mean increase in chronological age was 12.7 mo. (SD = .6). No significant Pearson correlation was found between change in Social Age and
Growth of Crawfish Procambarus clarkii as a Function of Density and Food Resources

This study utilized enclosures (cylindrical, 5-mm wire mesh, O.5 m2 bottom surface area) placed over rice-forage substrates in experimental crawfish ponds to contain crawfish under typical pond culture conditions. Juvenile Procambarus clarkii were stocked at six densities (2, 4, 6, 10, 14, and 18 crawfish/m2) for 12-wk growth trials in October and again in February. Crawfish relied solely on the detrital food system for their nutritional needs. Supplemental feed was supplied to crawfish in additional enclosures at two of the test densities (2 and 10 crawfish/m2). The commercially formulated feed (25% crude protein) was fed (2.02 g dry feed/m2) 3 d/wk (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). All treatments were replicated with six enclosures. Crawfish growth was inversely correlated to culture density. Mean final weights for crawfish feeding from the detrital-system only were 15.3, 13.8, 11.2, 7.9, 7.2, and 5.8 g for crawfish densities of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, and 18/m2, respectively. Mean final weights for crawfish receiving supplemental feed were 20.7 and 12.4 g for densities of 2 and 10 crawfish/m2. When compared with density as a factor influencing growth, feed influenced growth less than density abatement. Supplemental feeding improved crawfish growth in detrital systems an average of 46%, while decreasing initial density improved growth an average of 80.5%.
A Controversial Debate over the Interpretation of Tattooing in the Bible: An Ethnohermeneutics Approach From ‘Rice to Bread’

This paper examines from the cross-cultural perspective the increasing practice of tattooing. The author, a native of Japan, investigates tattooing in both the Japanese and American context, and analyzes the biblical principles related to tattooing in order to discover the implications for Christians in various cultural contexts.
A TYPOLOGY FOR SEXUALLY AGGRESSIVE MALES IN DATING RELATIONSHIPS

Although taxonomic systems for rapists have been developed to facilitate management, treatment, and disposition decisions, little work has been done to date to delineate a typology for sexual aggressors in dating relationships. The typological grouping for sexual aggressors involved in "date" or "acquaintance" rape proposed in this paper includes two major categories, each with three subtypes. The Primary Sexual Aggressor category includes the subtypes of Relational, Hyposocial, and Exploitative; the second category, Primary Aggressive Aggressors, consists of Assaultive, Explosive, and Diffused subtypes. This classification should assist in the implementation of treatment and prevention programs and lead to a better understanding of the differential effects of sexual aggressor subtypes upon victims. Research is ongoing to validate and refine this typology.
Polycarboxylic acid nanoparticles for ophthalmic drug delivery: an ex vivo evaluation with human cornea

In ophthalmic drug delivery, a major problem is retaining an adequate concentration of a therapeutic agent in the pre-corneal area. Polycarboxylic acid carriers such as polyacrylic acid and polyitaconic acid in sub-colloidal, nanoparticulate hydrogel form have a strong potential for sustained release of a drug in ocular delivery. Formulations have been prepared of brimonidine loaded in polycarboxylic (polyacrylic and polyitaconic) acid nanoparticles for potential ophthalmic delivery. These particles were prepared by a reverse micro-emulsion polymerization technique with sizes in the range of 50 nm. The loading efficiencies of the drug brimonidine in the particles were shown to be between 80–85% for polyacrylic acid nanoparticles and between 65–70% for polyitaconic nanoparticles. The loading efficiency was also found to be pH dependent. In a preliminary biocompatibility test, human corneal epithelial cells incubated with polyacrylic acid nanoparticles were found to retain their viability, whereas polyitaco...
Toward a Feminist Perspective in Public Administration Theory

The field of public administration currently lacks a feminist perspective, i.e., one that problematizes women's historical exclusion from public administration theory and raises topics and questions neglected as a result. Four important issues are suggested as areas where a feminist perspective might offer fresh insights: the question of administrative knowledge; the model of the ideal public servant; the nature of administrative discretion; and the dimensions of the administrative state.
Wikipedia and the two-faced professoriate

A primary responsibility of university teachers is to guide their students in the process of using only the most accurate research resources in their completion of assignments. Thus, it is not surprising to hear that faculty routinely coach their students to use Wikipedia carefully. Even more pronounced anti-Wikipedia backlashes have developed on some campuses, leading faculty to forbid their students to use the popular on-line compendium of information. Within this context, but directing the spotlight away from students, this pilot study uses survey and content analysis research methods to explore how faculty at U.S. universities and colleges regard Wikipedia's credibility as an information source, as well as how they use Wikipedia in their academic work. The results of the survey reveal that while none of the university faculty who completed it regard Wikipedia as an extremely credible source of information, more than half stated it has moderate to high credibility, and many use it in both their teaching and research. The results of the content analysis component of the study demonstrates that academic researchers from across the disciplines are citing Wikipedia as a source of scholarly information in their peer-reviewed research reports. Although the study's research findings are not generalizable, they are surprising considering the professoriate's oft-stated lack of trust in Wikipedia.
Femtosecond studies of image-potential dynamics in metals.

We report the first time-resolved studies of image-potential states on Ag(100). Femtosecond ultraviolet-pump and visible-probe techniques are combined with two-photon photoemission spectroscopu to measure transient photoemission spectra with femtosecond resolution. The lifetime of the $n=1$ image-potential state on Ag(100) is observed to be several tens of femtoseconds.
Research on cognitive consequences of treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

HILDREN'S cognitive abilities, the effects of l imperative medical treatment on them, and what can be done about these effects are topics of the most compelling significance. Societies of most of the globe have entered the century in which information replaees energy as the most important resource. Cognitive abilities are the key to how people manage information and relate to the world around them. The quest for enhancing these abilities includes identifying factors that impact negatively on cognitive development and functioning, then creating and testing approaehes to minimize this impact. Children are the most vulnerable and the most promising focus for professional efforts to promote human cognitive functioning. Thus, the program of research of nursing scholar Dr Ida M. Moore is effectively positioned at a focal point of contributions to a scientifie agenda for this century. This review serves to note some of the major contributions of the significant work of Dr Moore and her colleagues and to identify issues raised by the program of research that may be relevant for future directions. MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Aminata Sow Fall and the Centre africain d'animation et d'échanges culturels in Senegal

Now recognised as the leading woman novelist of francophone Africa, Aminata Sow Fall first achieved literary attention with the publication of Le Revenant (Dakar, 1976). After a rather long stay in France, where she studied at the Sorbonne and became agregee de lettres, Sow Fall decided to distance herself from other African writters by ensuring that ‘The Ghost’ contained few if any traces of her experiences in the West. As explained several years later, what really surprised her was that novels published by blacks always referenced themselves to the West, whereas she felt the need ‘to present our literature to others so that they see and understand us’:
Cryogenic optical refrigeration

We review the field of laser cooling of solids, focusing our attention on the recent advances in cryogenic cooling of an ytterbium-doped fluoride crystal (Yb3+:YLiF4). Recently, bulk cooling in this material to 155 K has been observed upon excitation near the lowest-energy (E4–E5) crystal-field resonance of Yb3+. Furthermore, local cooling in the same material to a minimum achievable temperature of 110 K has been measured, in agreement with the predictions of the laser cooling model. This value is limited only by the current material purity. Advanced material synthesis approaches reviewed here would allow reaching temperatures approaching 80 K. Current results and projected improvements position optical refrigeration as the only viable all-solid-state cooling approach for cryogenic temperatures.
Abstract A29: Cooption of the reactive stroma by brain metastasis relies on protease inhibitors

Metastatic cancer cells are known to get benefit from the interaction with their microenvironment. The presence of metastatic cells in a target organ induces changes in the stroma. This reactive stroma is very evident in the brain, where cancer cells are ubiquitously associated with reactive glia. Since reactive astrocytes are known sources not only of trophic factors but also deleterious signals, we hypothesized that the ability of metastatic cells to develop in a target organ requires the ability to neutralize these deleterious signals. We detected reactive astrocytes in the proximity of brain metastasis producing plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA), which activate Plasmin, one of the main proteases in the brain. Plasmin activity in the brain acts as a deleterious factor to metastatic cells in this organ. Cancer cells selected in vivo for their ability to metastasize in the brain overexpress Serine Protease Inhibitors (SERPINs) that block Plasmin activation. Moreover, a significant cohort of human brain metastasis samples from both lung and breast adenocarcinoma scored positive for specific members of the SERPIN family. When the cancer cells were depleted of SERPINs their brain metastatic activity was significantly reduced in all experimental models, including breast and lung adenocarcinoma xenografts and syngeneic mouse models. Brain metastatic cells are sensitive to Plasmin activated killer cytokines (sFASL), and their ability to survive and to grow in the brain depends on genes whose products are inactivated by Plasmin cleavage (VEGFA and L1CAM). The cooption of SERPINs by brain metastatic cells is required to avoid the deleterious consequences of the reactive stroma and subsequently benefit from the interaction with the microenvironment. Citation Format: Manuel Valiente, Derek J. Lee, Anna Obenauf, Jason T. Huse, Jamie E. Chaft, Mark G. Kris, Edi Brogi, Joan Massague. Cooption of the reactive stroma by brain metastasis relies on protease inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A29.
CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins α and β regulate the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 gene promoter

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factors play essential roles in regulating an array of cellular processes, including differentiation, energy metabolism, and inflammation. In this report we demonstrate that both C/EBPα and C/EBPβ activate the promoter driving transcription of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). TNFR1 is the major receptor for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a critical cytokine mediator of the inflammatory response. Although the TNFR1 protein has been shown to be regulated through post-translational modifications, very little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the TNFR1 gene. Here we have identified a specific C/EBP binding site within the TNFR1 promoter, and shown that this site is required for both C/EBPα and C/EBPβ activation of the promoter in reporter gene assays. Furthermore, we show that both C/EBPα and C/EBPβ are bound to the TNFR1 promoter in cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, we demonstrate that reducing the level of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ expression in cells using siRNA technology leads to decreased expression of the TNFR1 protein. These results suggest that the C/EBPα and C/EBPβ transcription factors enhance expression of the TNFR1 protein in cells. Given that TNF and C/EBPβ are known to activate each other's expression, C/EBPβ may greatly amplify the initial TNF signal through a positive auto-regulatory mechanism.
111 Facts and Theories of Organ Regeneration in Adults

Induced organ regeneration is de novo synthesis of a physiological, or nearly physiological, organ at the same anatomical site as the organ that is being replaced. Regeneration of skin, peripheral nerves, and the conjunctiva have been accomplished using nothing more than biologically active scaffolds (regeneration templates) seeded with epithelial cells; devices for regeneration of the first two organs are in clinical use. Templates appear to function by blocking contraction well as by acting as temporary configurational guides for synthesis of new stroma that resembles that of the organ under replacement. The combined evidence supports a theory which predicts that selective blocking of the adult healing response uncovers part, at least, of the latent fetal response to injury and, in the presence of the appropriate scaffold, eventually leads to organ regeneration. An independent theory suggests that loss of regenerative potential, which is observed during the mammalian fetal-adult transition, is associated with simultaneous acquisition of individual immunocompetence.
Scripture Citations as an Internal Redactional Control: 1QS 5:1‐20a and Its 4Q Parallels

This article first deconstructs the internal arguments proposed by Sarianna Metso for the priority of the 4QS b,d textual tradition in relation to 1QS 5:1‐20a. It then constructs its own internal argument for the priority of 4QS b,d on the basis of the scriptural citations present in 1QS 5:1‐20a but absent in 4QS b,d . It is argued that each citation (Zeph 1:6 in 1QS 5:11; Lev 22:16 in 1QS 5:14‐15; Exod 23:7 in 1QS 5:15; Isa 2:22 in 1QS 5:17) is employed with due regard for its original context and is anticipated by key vocabulary that is without parallel in 4QS b,d . The consistency of this redactional pattern suggests the priority of 4QS b,d since it is easier to explain how the unparalleled citations and vocabulary could have been added to the S textual tradition than it is to explain how both the citations and vocabulary could have been eliminated from it.
Health education for microcredit clients in Peru: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Poverty, lack of female empowerment, and lack of education are major risk factors for childhood illness worldwide. Microcredit programs, by offering small loans to poor individuals, attempt to address the first two of these risk factors, poverty and gender disparity. They provide clients, usually women, with a means to invest in their businesses and support their families. This study investigates the health effects of also addressing the remaining risk factor, lack of knowledge about important health issues, through randomization of members of a microcredit organization to receive a health education module based on the World Health Organization’s Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) community intervention. Methods: Baseline data were collected in February 2007 from clients of a microcredit organization in Pucallpa, Peru (n = 1,855) and their children (n = 598). Loan groups, consisting of 15 to 20 clients, were then randomly assigned to receive a health education intervention involving eight monthly 30-minute sessions given by the organization’s loan officers at monthly loan group meetings. In February 2008, follow-up data were collected, and included assessments of sociodemographic information, knowledge of child health issues, and child health status (including child height, weight, and blood hemoglobin levels). To explore the effects of treatment (i.e., participation in the health education sessions) on the key outcome variables, multivariate regressions were implemented using ordinary least squares. Results: Individuals in the IMCI treatment arm demonstrated more knowledge about a variety of issues related to child health, but there were no changes in anthropometric measures or reported child health status. Conclusions: Microcredit clients randomized to an IMCI educational intervention showed greater knowledge about child health, but no differences in child health outcomes compared to controls. These results imply that the intervention did not have sufficient intensity to change behavior, or that microcredit organizations may not be an appropriate setting for the administration of child health educational interventions of this type. Trial Registration: This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01047033.
Analysis of Morphology of Platelet Aggregates Formed on Collagen Under Laminar Blood Flow

In a focal injury model, platelets adhere and activate under flow on a collagen-coated surface, creating a field of individual platelet aggregates. These aggregates exhibit distinct structural characteristics that are linked to the local flow conditions. By combining image analysis techniques and epifluorescence microscopy, we developed a robust strategy for quantifying the characteristic instantaneous width and length of a growing platelet deposit. We have confirmed the technique using model images consisting of ellipsoid objects and quantified the shear rate-dependent nature of aggregate morphology. Venous wall shear rate conditions (100 s(-1)) generated small, circular platelet deposits, whereas elevated arterial shear rates (500 and 1000 s(-1)) generated platelet masses elongated twofold in the direction of flow. At 2000 s(-1), an important regime for von Willebrand Factor (vWF)-mediated recruitment, we observed sporadic platelet capture events on collagen that led to rapidly growing deposits. Furthermore, inter-donor differences were investigated with respect to aggregate growth rate. After perfusion at elevated shear rates (1000 s(-1)) for 5 min, we identified a twofold increase in aggregate size (81.5 ± 24.6 μm; p < 0.1) and a threefold increase in growth rate parallel to the flow (0.40 ± 0.09 μm/s; p < 0.01) for an individual donor. Suspecting a role for vWF, we found that this donor had a twofold increase in soluble vWF relative to the other donors and pooled plasma. Microfluidic devices in combination with automated morphology analysis offer new tools for characterizing clot development under flow.
Increased Serotonin Receptor Density and Platelet GPIIb/IIIa Activation Among Smokers

This study sought to determine whether depressive symptoms and/or platelet serotonin receptor (5HT2A) density are associated with increased platelet activation (PA) found among smokers. Flow cytometric detection of PA was used to study 36 smokers and 16 nonsmokers, aged 18 to 48 years. Subjects were tested at baseline and after either smoking 2 cigarettes (smokers) or a similar resting interval (nonsmokers). Assessment of PA included both platelet secretion and fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb/IIIa) binding. Platelet 5HT2A receptor binding and saturation were tested using [3H]LSD, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory. Platelet 5HT2A receptor density was increased among smokers versus nonsmokers (82.7+/-67.7 versus 40.0+/-20.2 fmol/mg protein; P<0.005), and there was a dose-dependent relationship between receptor density and packs/d among smokers. Baseline wound-induced GPIIb/IIIa binding at 1 minute and GPIIb/IIIa binding in response to collagen stimulation in vitro was increased among smokers (P<0.05); there were no changes in PA among smokers after smoking, and platelet secretion was not elevated among smokers. Depressive symptoms were associated with 5HT2A receptor density among nonsmokers (P<0.005), but no such relationship was evident among smokers; PA was unrelated to 5HT2A receptor density in either group. The findings indicate that smoking is associated with increased platelet serotonin receptor density and with increased GPIIb/IIIa receptor binding, although these 2 factors are not related to each other or to depressive symptoms among smokers. Serotonergic dysfunction may be an important factor in the development of cardiovascular disease among smokers.
Understanding Changes in Elementary Mandarin Students' L1 and L2 Writing.

The study focused on five elementary Mandarin-speaking students’ development as writers over a two-year period in US classrooms. Mandarin speakers who came to the US in 2nd, 3rd, or 4th grades demonstrated some language loss in their Chinese writing. We found differences in terms of sentence complexity, character complexity, rhetorical features, and voice in students’ writing between Year 1 and Year 2. Students’ native language loss was mitigated by their initial writing competence, support at home, and opportunities to write in Chinese at school. Four of the five students’ English writing made dramatic improvements in grammar and punctuation, sentence complexity, rhetorical style and voice over the two years. The fifth student, whose writing did not improve, had few opportunities to write in his new school setting. Our findings suggest that the amount and quality of writing opportunities in each language affect students’ writing development.
Functional nanostructured platforms for chemical and biological sensing

The central goal of our work is to combine semiconductor nanotechnology and surface functionalization in order to build platforms for the selective detection of bio-organisms ranging in size from bacteria (micron range) down to viruses, as well as for the detection of chemical agents (nanometer range). We will show on three porous silicon platforms how pore geometry and pore wall chemistry can be combined and optimized to capture and detect specific targets. We developed a synthetic route allowing to directly anchor proteins on silicon surfaces and illustrated the relevance of this technique by immobilizing live enzymes onto electrochemically etched luminescent nano-porous silicon. The powerful association of the specific enzymes with the transducing matrix led to a selective hybrid platform for chemical sensing. We also used light-assisted electrochemistry to produce periodic arrays of through pores on pre-patterned silicon membranes with controlled diameters ranging from many microns down to tens of nanometers. We demonstrated the first covalently functionalized silicon membranes and illustrated their selective capture abilities with antibody-coated micro-beads. These engineered membranes are extremely versatile and could be adapted to specifically recognize the external fingerprints (size and coat composition) of target bio-organisms. Finally, we fabricated locally functionalized single nanopores using a combination of focused ion beam drilling and ion beam assisted oxide deposition. We showed how a silicon oxide ring can be grown around a single nanopore and how it can be functionalized with DNA probes to detect single viral-sized beads. The next step for this platform is the detection of whole viruses and bacteria.
Exploiting knowledge-in-the-head and knowledge-in-the-social-web: effects of domain expertise on exploratory search in individual and social search environments

Our study compared how experts and novices performed exploratory search using a traditional search engine and a social tagging system. As expected, results showed that social tagging systems could facilitate exploratory search for both experts and novices. We, however, also found that experts were better at interpreting the social tags and generating search keywords, which made them better at finding information in both interfaces. Specifically, experts found more general information than novices by better interpretation of social tags in the tagging system; and experts also found more domain-specific information by generating more of their own keywords. We found a dynamic interaction between knowledge-in-the-head and knowledge-in-the-social-web that although information seekers are more and more reliant on information from the social Web, domain expertise is still important in guiding them to find and evaluate the information. Implications on the design of social search systems that facilitate exploratory search are also discussed.
Addressing “The criterion problem” in the assessment of aggressive behavior: Development of a new taxonomic system

Aggressive behavior is a highly complex construct that is very challenging to measure. While advancements in the assessment of aggression have been made, some fundamental problems persist. First, the operational definition of aggressive behavior and its various subtypes are frequently misinterpreted and lack sufficient conceptual clarity. Second, due to these definitional problems, assessment instruments frequently correspond to different conceptualizations of aggression. In the present review, we attempt to resolve these limitations by proposing a new taxonomic system of aggressive acts that (a) corresponds to a hybrid definition of aggressive behavior, and (b) increases conceptual clarity between subtypes of aggressive behavior. It is argued that this classification system will permit greater precision in the assessment of aggression and lead to the improvement of theories, diagnostic systems, and clinical interventions.
Discourse within a sentence: An exploration of postpositions in Japanese as an interactional resource

This study explores a phenomenon in Japanese conversation that might be regarded as “discourse-within-a-sentence,” or interpolating a sequence of talk during ongoing sentence construction. It explicates the way in which Japanese speakers use postpositional particles as a resource to incorporate an element in a parenthetical sequence into the syntax of a sentence-in-progress. It is shown that the usability of postpositions for achieving discourse-within-a-sentence comes from the situated workings of postpositions used in a wider range of interactional contexts. Through a detailed examination of relevant instances from transcribed Japanese conversations, this study addresses such issues as (i) “sentences” in interaction as both a resource for, and an outcome of, intricate interactional work; (ii) postpositions as resources for retroactive transformations of turn-shapes in Japanese; and (iii) the relationship between typological features of the grammar of a language and forms of interactional practices.I wish to thank the following people for valuable comments at various stages in the development of this article: William Bright, Cecilia Ford, Barbara Fox, Noriko Fujii, Charles Goodwin, Jane Hill, Junko Mori, Tsuyoshi Ono, Jerome Packard, Hiroko Tanaka, and Sandra Thompson. Remaining shortcomings are my responsibility.
Periprosthetic Joint Infection Increases the Risk of One-Year Mortality

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection continues to potentially complicate an otherwise successful joint replacement. The treatment of this infection often requires multiple surgical procedures associated with increased complications and morbidity. This study examined the relationship between periprosthetic joint infection and mortality and aimed to determine the effect of periprosthetic joint infection on mortality and any predictors of mortality in patients with periprosthetic joint infection. Methods: Four hundred and thirty-six patients with at least one surgical intervention secondary to confirmed periprosthetic joint infection were compared with 2342 patients undergoing revision arthroplasty for aseptic failure. The incidence of mortality at thirty days, ninety days, one year, two years, and five years after surgery was assessed. Multivariate analysis was used to assess periprosthetic joint infection as an independent predictor of mortality. In the periprosthetic joint infection population, variables investigated as potential risk factors for mortality were evaluated. Results: Mortality was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in patients with periprosthetic joint infection compared with those undergoing aseptic revision arthroplasty at ninety days (3.7% versus 0.8%), one year (10.6% versus 2.0%), two years (13.6% versus 3.9%), and five years (25.9% versus 12.9%). After controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, number of procedures, involvedjoint,bodymassindex,andCharlsonComorbidityIndex,revisionarthroplastyforperiprostheticjointinfectionwas associated with a fivefold increase in mortality compared with revision arthroplasty for aseptic failures. In the periprosthetic joint infection population, independent predictors of mortality included increasing age, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, history of stroke, polymicrobial infections, and cardiac disease. Conclusions: Although it is well known that periprosthetic joint infection is a devastating complication that severely limits joint function and is consistently difficult to eradicate, surgeons must also be cognizant of the systemic impact of periprosthetic joint infection and its major influence on fatal outcome in patients. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A hardware-accelerated implementation of the RSVP-TE signaling protocol

Signaling protocols are primarily implemented in software for two reasons: protocol complexity and the requirement for flexibility. While these are two good reasons for implementing signaling protocols in software, the price paid is in performance. Software implementations of signaling protocols are rarely capable of handling over 1000 calls/sec. Corresponding call setup delays per switch are in the order of milliseconds. To improve performance for high-speed networks, we implemented RSVP-TE signaling protocol in reconfigurable FPGA hardware. Our implementation demonstrates the feasibility of 100x and potentially 1000x speed-up vis-a-vis software implementation. The impact of this work can be quite far-reaching by allowing connection-oriented networks to support a variety of new applications, even those with short call holding times.
General Measure and Probability

Our goal in this final chapter is to extend the notions of measure and integral to general sets. As an application, we shall include a brief discussion of some basic facts in probability theory