cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Unit-Free Index of Individual Consistency

Individual consistency on a trait across situations and over temporal occasions is necessary if that trait is to be considered an aspect of personality. The correlation coefficient, however, between the trait in two situations or over two temporal occasions tells us only how closely the two measurements are associated "on the average." It does not tell us how consistent or inconsistent a particular individual is. The present paper concerns a unit-free index of trait consistency at the individual level. The index is comparable across traits and compares directly with the correlation coefficient.
One stage carotid artery resection : Reconstruction in radiated head and neck carcinoma

Purpose: Management of the carotid artery involved with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma continues to be a topic of much discussion. Early reports, for the most part, focused on the sequel of ligation and the development of various tests to predict patient tolerance for the procedure. More recent alternatives have described resection reconstruction in multistage procedures. By using immediate reconstruction with autogenous arterial grafting, carotid artery resection can be accomplished in patients with radiation failure in a single stage. This technique can be used without the addition of myocutaneous flaps, controlled fistulas, or intracranial surgery advocated for usage with alternative techniques. Patients and Methods: Immediate reconstruction after resection of the carotid artery with superficial femoral arterial graft is described. Results: In a series of 18 high-risk patients with radiation failure, the artery was successfully resected and reconstructed in 1 stage without any neurologic or vascular complications. The technique has been associated with prolonged survival in selected patients. Conclusion: Carotid artery resection and immediate reconstruction can be performed in high-risk radiation failure patients with acceptable complications, and is associated with prolonged survival in selected cases. (Am J Otolaryngol 2001;22:167-171. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company)
Validity Test of the Dogmatism Scale

An analysis of Dogmatism scores among authoritarians of the right and left supports Rokeach's contention that his scale taps general authoritarianism. However, examination of the correlations between the Dogmatism scale and the rightist and leftist authoritarianism subscales does not support the view that authoritarians of the right and the left are equally dogmatic.
The Role of Defeathering in the Contamination of Turkey Skin by Salmonella species and Listeria monocytogenes

This study was undertaken to determine whether the incidence of either Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes on turkeys at three commercial processors could be related to the type of defeathering system: 1) conventional, 58 C common bath scald; 2) kosher, 7 C common bath scald; or 3) steam-spray, 62 C nonimmersion scald. Flocks were sampled before defeathering, after defeathering, and after chill at each facility. The incidence of Salmonella-positive turkeys significantly increased subsequent to conventional defeathering (10 positive out of 14) as compared with before defeathering (3/14). The number of Salmonella-positive carcasses following kosher (0/14) and steam-spray (2/14) defeathering were similar to the number of Salmonella-positive carcasses found prior to defeathering (1/14 and 3/14, respectively). The incidence of Salmonella-positive carcasses following chill was slightly lower, but not significantly different than the number of Salmonella-positive carcasses found immediately following defeathering at all processors (8/14, 0/14, 1/14 for conventional, kosher, and steam-spray processors, respectively). Although L. monocytogenes was detected on turkeys sampled before chilling (2/10, kosher) and after chilling (8/14, kosher; 1/14, conventional), no L. monocytogenes was detected on turkeys at any of the processors prior to the evisceration process. Flocks with high aerobic plate counts prior to processing were more likely to contain Salmonella-positive birds throughout processing. Aerobic plate counts of all flocks were similar after chill whether or not Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were detected.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress or mutation of an EF-hand Ca 2+ -binding domain directs the FKBP65 rotamase to an ERAD-based proteolysis

FKBP65 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized chaperone and rotamase, with cargo proteins that include tropoelastin and collagen. In humans, mutations in FKBP65 have recently been shown to cause a form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a brittle bone disease resulting from deficient secretion of mature type I collagen. In this work, we describe the rapid proteolysis of FKBP65 in response to ER stress signals that activate the release of ER Ca2+ stores. A large-scale screen for stress-induced cellular changes revealed FKBP65 proteins to decrease within 6–12 h of stress activation. Inhibiting IP3R-mediated ER Ca2+ release blocked this response. No other ER-localized chaperone and folding mediators assessed in the study displayed this phenomenon, indicating that this rapid proteolysis of folding mediator is distinctive. Imaging and cellular fractionation confirmed the localization of FKBP65 (72 kDa glycoprotein) to the ER of untreated cells, a rapid decrease in protein levels following ER stress, and the corresponding appearance of a 30-kDa fragment in the cytosol. Inhibition of the proteasome during ER stress revealed an accumulation of FKBP65 in the cytosol, consistent with retrotranslocation and a proteasome-based proteolysis. To assess the role of Ca2+-binding EF-hand domains in FKBP65 stability, a recombinant FKBP65-GFP construct was engineered to ablate Ca2+ binding at each of two EF-hand domains. Cells transfected with the wild-type construct displayed ER localization of the FKBP65-GFP protein and a proteasome-dependent proteolysis in response to ER stress. Recombinant FKBP65-GFP carrying a defect in the EF1 Ca2+-binding domain displayed diminished protein in the ER when compared to wild-type FKBP65-GFP. Proteasome inhibition restored mutant protein to levels similar to that of the wild-type FKBP65-GFP. A similar mutation in EF2 did not confer FKBP65 proteolysis. This work supports a model in which stress-induced changes in ER Ca2+ stores induce the rapid proteolysis of FKBP65, a chaperone and folding mediator of collagen and tropoelastin. The destruction of this protein may identify a cellular strategy for replacement of protein folding machinery following ER stress. The implications for stress-induced changes in the handling of aggregate-prone proteins in the ER–Golgi secretory pathway are discussed. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R15GM065139) and the National Science Foundation (DBI-0452587). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12192-011-0270-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Implicit learning in children with and without developmental coordination disorder.

Objective The ability to use perceptual cues within the environment to guide movement accurately can be acquired implicitly in that skill may increase while the learner is not consciously aware of what cues are being used. In this study, the implicit learning capabilities of children with and without developmental coordination disorder were compared. Method Twenty-two children (11 with developmental coordination disorder, 11 without the disorder) played a computer game where they "caught" a descending ball image with a paddle on the screen. The dependent variable was accuracy of catch, as measured by the score on the computer game. On training trials, a visual cue appeared 50% of the time that signaled the direction of the ball. On probe trials, the visual cue was false. After completing the task, the children were interviewed about their conscious awareness of the cue. A mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data for group comparisons. Results Of the 22 children, only 6 indicated that they were aware of the cue. A mixed factorial ANOVA was significant for greater error when the visual cue was false, F(11.12, 22.49) = 27.27, p = .000, indicating that the children responded to the cue. No difference was found between groups in game performance. Conclusion Children with developmental coordination disorder in this study were able to implicitly recognize and use a perceptual cue to enhance their performance on a computer game. Strategies that foster implicit learning may be relevant to occupational therapy intervention.
Jazz Consumption Among African Americans From 1982 to 2008

This study sought to answer two questions. First, who within the African American community is consuming jazz music? Second, are African American jazz consumers cultural snobs or cultural omnivores? Nationally representative data sets from the Cultural Policy and National Data Archives for the years 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2008 were used to answer these questions. Using classification and regression tree analysis and binary logistic regression, the author draws several conclusions. First, African American jazz consumers are educated and urban. Furthermore, since 1982, the level of education associated with the jazz consumer has increased. Second, African American jazz listeners are omnivores who reject rap. It is suggested that this particular consumption pattern reflects a form of segmented assimilation in which middle-class African Americans consume jazz in order to retain their racial heritage but reject rap in order to distance themselves from working- and lower-class African Americans.
Rule Representations in a Connectionist Chunker

We present two connectionist architectures for chunking of symbolic rewrite rules. One uses backpropagation learning, the other competitive learning. Although they were developed for chunking the same sorts of rules, the two differ in their representational abilities and learning behaviors.
Quantum control of light using electromagnetically induced transparency

We present an overview of recent theoretical and experimental work on the control of the propagation and quantum properties of light using electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic ensembles. Specifically, we discuss techniques for the generation and storage of few-photon quantum-mechanical states of light as well as novel approaches to manipulate weak pulses of light via enhanced nonlinear optical processes.
Recombination lifetimes and surface recombination velocities of minority carriers in n-p junctions - A new method for their determination by means of a stationary amplitude-modulated electron beam

When a well‐collimated electron beam of an electron microscope impinges on the free surface of an n‐p junction, a short circuit ISC will be generated. If the primary beam current is amplitude modulated sinusoidally in time, the ISC exhibits a characteristic coherent phase shift with respect to the modulated primary beam. This phase shift depends on the minority‐carrier lifetime, doping level, and the position of energy levels of recombination centers within the band gap. For solar‐grade material with their long lifetimes the influence of energy‐level positions is negligible, but for short‐lifetime material (switching devices) the dependence of the phase shift on the energy levels of the recombination centers is critical. In this paper it is shown that the measurement of the phase shift at two different beam‐modulation frequencies allows for the determination of the lifetime and surface recombination velocity in solar‐grade material (solar cells).
Evaluation of plastic multi-well plates for serological screening of Salmonella cultures with Spicer-Edwards pooled antisera.

Abstract We compared the relative advantages of using glass test tubes and plastic multi-well plates in the serological identification of Salmonella cultures by the Spicer-Edwards method, and we conclude that the advantages of multi-well plates outweigh those of test tubes.
Alterations in cell surface membrane components of adapting rat small intestinal epithelium: Studies with lectins after massive proximal jejunoileal resection and jejunoileal transposition

Abstract After proximal resection or transposition of intestinal segments, the small intestinal mucosa of rats was examined with fluorescein-conjugated lectins derived from Ricinus communis and Triticum vulgare (wheat germ). These agglutinins are thought to be specific for the nonreducing end-terminal carbohydrate residues, β-d-galactose and β- N -acetyl-d-glucosamine, respectively. After 70% proximal jejunoileal resection as well as transposition of ileal segments to jejunum, ileal villus cell surface labeling by both lectins was changed to a pattern characteristic of normal rat proximal intestine. Alterations were not detected proximal to the surgical anastomosis after massive resection or in the jejunal segments transposed to ileum. Although the labeling pattern of goblet cell mucin differed in proximal duodenum from the remainder of control small intestine in normal animals, no differences were detected in goblet cell mucin labeling between normal and resected or transposed animals. This study confirms the previously reported differential lectin-labeling patterns of the small intestinal crypt and villus cells and further emphasizes the differences between cell surface carbohydrate and secretory mucins of goblet cells. Furthermore, the changes induced in the cell surfacelabeling pattern by massive proximal jejunoileal resection and transposition suggest that cell surface and secretory components may be altered differently during adaptation of the small intestine.
Paying To Belong: When Does Rejection Trigger Ingratiation?

Societies and social scientists have long held the belief that exclusion induces ingratiation and conformity, an idea in contradiction to robust empirical evidence linking rejection with hostility and aggression. The classic literatures on ingratiation and conformity help resolve this contradiction by identifying circumstances under which rejection may trigger efforts to ingratiate. Jointly, findings from these literatures suggest that when people are given an opportunity to impress their rejecters, ingratiation is likely after rejection experiences that are harsh and that occur in important situations that threaten the individual's self-definition. Four studies tested the hypothesis that people high in rejection sensitivity and therefore dispositionally concerned about rejection will utilize opportunities to ingratiate after harsh rejection in situations that are self-defining. In 3 studies of situations that are particularly self-defining for men, rejection predicted ingratiation among men (but not women) who were high in rejection sensitivity. In a 4th study, harsh rejection in a situation particularly self-defining for women predicted ingratiation among highly rejection-sensitive women (but not men). These findings help identify the specific circumstances under which people are willing to act in socially desirable ways toward those who have rejected them harshly.
Comparison of optimal foraging versus life-history decisions during nestling care in Lincoln's Sparrows Melospiza lincolnii through stable isotope analysis

In short-lived species, parents are expected to favour their offspring and may therefore have to sacrifice the best part of their diet to feed their young (‘conflict hypothesis’). In addition, they need to maximize energy delivered per unit of time to the young (‘delivery hypothesis’). We examined the influence of these two factors on food allocation in Lincoln’s Sparrows Melospiza lincolnii by measuring plasma d 15 N and d 13 C values in both parents and offspring. Adults’ isotopic values were unchanged when feeding chicks, but their d 15 N values were higher than those of their chicks. Using the isotopic signature of Lincoln’s Sparrows and that of prey available in their habitat, we reconstructed the diet of parents and chicks using mixing models for stable isotope analyses. The main difference between the diet of chicks and that of adults was that the proportion of spiders was lower in chicks than in adults, while the proportion of grasshoppers was higher. Spiders appear more valuable than grasshoppers, as they are more easily digested and richer in lipids, proteins and essential amino acids. However, grasshoppers are larger than spiders and are therefore likely to be better suited to maximize energy delivery to chicks. As parents keep their diet constant when breeding and as the contribution of large prey is higher in the diet of chicks than in that of their parents, our results suggest that the influence of optimal foraging strategy is predominant over the influence of parent–offspring conflict on food allocation in Lincoln’s Sparrows, thereby supporting our delivery hypothesis. However, this relative influence may differ when resource availability constrainsing parent–offspring conflict varies.
The Halévy Thesis—A Working Hypothesis? English Revivalism: Antidote for Revolution and Radicalism 1789–1815

He “saw England with fresh eyes”, and for more than fifty years Elie Halevy's provocative interpretation of the effect of religion on the Victorian out look has continued to engender lively debate and controversy. After his History of the English People in the Nineteenth Century, few historians would contest the practical role of evangelicalism and nonconformity in molding Victorian society. What continues to be challenged is Halevy's claim that the moral influence of the evangelical movement is the parameter within which the social history of nineteenth-century England unfolded.
Tolvaptan as a tool in renal physiology.

For decades, the Brattleboro rat has been a useful model in kidney physiology. These animals manifest central diabetes insipidus (lack of circulating vasopressin) due to a mutation in the vasopress...
Neoliberal Rationalities in Old and New Nollywood

This article focuses on shifts, or “new waves,” within contemporary African film as sites of struggle and moments of exposure of the divergent forces at work in the struggle. From this perspective, attempts at initiating a new style in commercially oriented storytelling do not so much culminate in a break with previous styles of storytelling as they create a new space for tension over ideological claims and narrative coherence. As illustration, the article considers the competing logics at work in the strategies or rationalities associated with the branch of Nigerian filmmaking described as New Nollywood.
X-RAY SENSITIVITY OF PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES OF THE MOUSE

SummaryThe radiation sensitivity of mouse primary spermatocytes to cell-killing was estimated by the number of spermatids produced; sensitivity to chromosome breakage was measured by scoring abnormal divisions at anaphase I and II. There was an inverse relation between cell-killing and chromosome breakage: pre-leptotene was the most sensitive and diakinesis-metaphase I the most resistant to induction of cell death; whereas pre-leptotene and leptotene were the most resistant and metaphase I the most sensitive to chromosome breakage. The relative sensitivities of primary spermatocyte stages to chromosome breakage are similar to those observed for meiotic cells in other organisms. Stage differences between leptotene and pachytene in sensitivity to chromosome breakage in the mouse are as large as those sometimes claimed for species differences. The need for accurate information on the duration of spermatogenesis is emphasized in order that species comparisons should not be confused with stage differences in s...
HIV-1, methamphetamine and astrocytes at neuroinflammatory Crossroads

As a popular psychostimulant, methamphetamine (METH) use leads to long-lasting, strong euphoric effects. While METH abuse is common in the general population, between 10 and 15% of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) patients report having abused METH. METH exacerbates the severity and onset of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) through direct and indirect mechanisms. Repetitive METH use impedes adherence to antiretroviral drug regimens, increasing the likelihood of HIV-1 disease progression toward AIDS. METH exposure also directly affects both innate and adaptive immunity, altering lymphocyte numbers and activity, cytokine signaling, phagocytic function and infiltration through the blood brain barrier. Further, METH triggers the dopamine reward pathway and leads to impaired neuronal activity and direct toxicity. Concurrently, METH and HIV-1 alter the neuroimmune balance and induce neuroinflammation, which modulates a wide range of brain functions including neuronal signaling and activity, glial activation, viral infection, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. Pathologically, reactive gliosis is a hallmark of both HIV-1- and METH-associated neuroinflammation. Significant commonality exists in the neurotoxic mechanisms for both METH and HAND; however, the pathways dysregulated in astroglia during METH exposure are less clear. Thus, this review highlights alterations in astrocyte intracellular signaling pathways, gene expression and function during METH and HIV-1 comorbidity, with special emphasis on HAND-associated neuroinflammation. Importantly, this review carefully evaluates interventions targeting astrocytes in HAND and METH as potential novel therapeutic approaches. This comprehensive overview indicates, without a doubt, that during HIV-1 infection and METH abuse, a complex dialog between all neural cells is orchestrated through astrocyte regulated neuroinflammation.
Fluid Mechanics and Lock Design

Navigation locks must have rapid and stable systems for filling and emptying. Key considerations in designing these systems are inertia, cavitation and losses within the conduit, and seiches, turbulence and overfilling within the lock. Analyses of these improve the engineer's understanding and help him design for ever-increasing head differentials.
Data-driven schemes for resolving misspecified MDPs: asymptotics and error analysis

We consider the solution of a finite-state infinite horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) in which both the transition matrix and the cost function are misspecified, the latter in a parametric sense. We consider a data-driven regime in which the learning problem is a stochastic convex optimization problem that resolves misspecification. Via such a framework, we make the following contributions: (1) We first show that a misspecified value iteration scheme converges almost surely to its true counterpart and the mean-squared error after K iterations is O(1/K½−α) with 0 < α < ½; (2) An analogous asymptotic almost-sure convergence statement is provided for misspecified policy iteration; and (3) Finally, we present a constant steplength misspecified Q-learning scheme and show that a suitable error metric is equation with 0 < α < ½ after K iterations where δ is a bound on the steplength.
Annual cycle of cliff chipmunks in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona.

Field data on seasonal activity, body weights, molt, and reproduction were collected during a 15-month trap-release study of cliff chipmunks, Eutamias dorsalis , in a pine-oak forest in the Santa Catalina Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Males were active throughout the year with a lull in late December and January, but females disappeared completely from late December through February and did not fully resume activity until late April. Neither sex appeared to gain weight before the period of winter inactivity, and their weights were lowest following this period. Females were consistently heavier than males among both adults and juveniles. Adult females molted to summer pelage mainly during June and July, about one month later than adult males. This delay may reflect the energetic burden of breeding for females, but some females were actively molting while pregnant and lactating. Males were reproductively active from January through June, but the actual breeding season varied between the two summers studied. In 1970 most females copulated in late May and their young did not appear above ground until early August, but in 1971 females started to copulate in April and young chipmunks first appeared in late June. The lateness of the 1970 season may have been due to an unusually cold spring. During both years some females appeared to have copulated well after the majority, which produced an extended breeding season. There were no records of females having more than one litter per year. Although almost all adult females bred during 1970, a large proportion apparently did not breed during 1971, perhaps owing to the severe winter-spring drought of 1970 to 1971. The breeding season of cliff chipmunks in Arizona and New Mexico has a wider seasonal spread than for other species of Eutamias , possibly because of both winter and late summer precipitation and fairly mild, short winters. Food availability seems to be low in southern Arizona during the hot dry season (April to June) and greatest during the late summer rains (July to September), yet cliff chipmunks breed during the hot dry season as do most species of birds and mammals in this area. This observation contrasts with the prediction that vertebrates should attempt to raise offspring when food is most available.
Simulation Of Energy Storage In A System With Integrated Wind Resources

Utility-scale storage is key to providin g the means of better harnessing wind energy potential. This paper proposes a probabilistic simulation approach capable of assessing - over longer time periods - the impac ts of a utility scale storage unit on the economics and rel iability of power systems with integrated wind resources. We deploy a snapshot-based simulation approach to account for t he time dependencies of the load, wind power outputs a nd storage operation as well as their impacts on the u tilization of the transmission resources as prescribed by the clearing mechanism of the hourly transmission-constrained day- ahead markets. We run Monte Carlo simulations in order to capture the uncertainty in thermal unit availabi lities, the load and the wind power outputs. The methodology is able to represent the seasonal effects in loads and wind speeds, the impacts of maintenance scheduling and the ramifications of new policy initiatives. We illustr ate the benefits of storage exploitation with several appli cation studies run on the IEEE 118 test system. Results sh ow that storage can effectively help reduce the overall buy er payments and improve system reliability by storing energy in the low load hours and discharging at peak hours , thereby displacing more expensive units.
Synergistic Effect of active Components of Green Tea on Angiogenesis

Objective To investigate the synergistic effect of active components of green tea on angiogenesis. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with active components of green tea alone or united. The growth of vascular endothelial cells was studied by MTT assay, and the apoptosis by Annexin V-PI staining and flow cytometry. Results Active components of green tea inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Jointed action of low dosage of ECG, EGC or EC with EGCG significantly enhanced the anti-angiogenesis effect of EGCG. Conclusions Active components of green tea synergistically inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells.
A New Noise Suppression Method of Laser Radar Range Image

In order to suppress range anomalies noises of laser radar range image,the noise mechanism of laser radar range image is demonstrated in this paper.The shortcomings of traditional median filtering used to suppress range anomalies noises are analyzed.The range anomalies noise suppression method of range image based on surrounded guideline and self-adaptive median filtering is put forward.Firstly,the range anomalies noise is detected by surrounded guideline.The sorting and difference are carried out for pixels within 5×5filtering window.Then,the pixels corresponding to continuous difference values of maximum length below threshold are regarded as range normal values.Finally,The weighted average method and self-adaptive median filtering are carried out for range anomalies pixel.Experimental results show that range anomalies noises are suppressed efficiently by using this method.The edge and detail of object in range image are protected well.The root-mean-square-error(RMSE)is reduced by 27.1%and 9.1%in comparison with median filtering methods of 3×3and 5×5filtering window.
The Controversy Around Sirtuins and Their Functions in Aging

Sirtuins are a class of evolutionarily conserved protein deacetylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Many of them have been closely associated with aging mechanisms and potential antiaging interventions based on research in this area have been investigated in the past decade. However, accompanying their rising fame, the debates on the functional roles of sirtuins in aging regulation and their involvement in age-associated diseases, such as cancer, heated up, not only in the scientific community, but also among the general public. In this chapter, we will discuss the controversies that received the most attentions in recent years, hoping to shed light on the potential applications of future sirtuin-based antiaging drug development.
A DeVIL-ish approach to inconsistency in interactive visualizations

Declarative languages have a long tradition in both the database systems and data visualization communities, separating specifications from implementations. In databases, declarative languages like SQL shield application programmers from changes to physical and logical properties like disk layouts, indexes and schema changes. In data visualization, declarative languages like Polaris, ggplot2 and Vega shield visualization programmers from variations in rendering, including screen layout, resolution, and color schemes. Declarative languages have been considered a foundational step forward in both communities.
A Critical Genealogical Study of 19th and 20th-Century Colonial and Imperial Concerns about the Financing of Terrorism

This chapter uses a critical genealogical approach to illustrate how our contemporary commentaries on “Palestinian” or “Arab” terrorist financing are not the first times that empowered global communities have worried about the need to “dry” up terrorist finance. By pointing out how earlier colonial and imperial powers in the 19th and 20th centuries also worried about both the spread of terrorism and the need to cut off terrorist finance, the author in this chapter displays both the lingering influence of these postcolonial ideologies as well as some of the “Orientalist” politics behind all of this labeling.
Warfare Implications of Dry-Laid Masonry Walls on Tumamoc Hill

ABSTRACTWarfare implications of trincheras sites are inferred and tested. They are shown to be consistent with current data on the late prehistoric and early historic periods. Defense is demonstrated to be the best available hypothesis accounting for the Tumamoc Hill walls. A general model is then introduced to account for the warfare implications. It is postulated that a Hohokam tribute system developed during the eleventh century and was replaced by an interaction system of chiefdoms during the Civano phase. Resulting population overextension and warfare caused systemic collapse in southern Arizona about A.D. 1400–1450.
Confronting Ableism: Disability Studies Pedagogy in Preservice Art Education

This article discusses an action research project in which critical Disability Studies pedagogy was integrated into two Art Education courses for preservice art teachers. Research participants investigated Disability Studies literature and disability visual culture and designed lesson plans, teacher art examples, and artist’s statements that confronted ableism. Attitudinal surveys were administered before and after the project, and several participants were interviewed. First, the project is described; then, student outcomes are examined to illuminate Fiona Campbell’s research on ableism, specifically the two core elements that are central to regimes of ableism: the notion of the normative and normate individual and the enforcement of an able/not-able constitutional divide. Data suggest that preservice art teachers are ready and willing to engage Disability Studies pedagogy in pK–12 classrooms; as such, this study anticipates a Disability Studies Art Education agenda and exemplifies how Art Education can ...
Designing reconfigurable large-scale deep learning systems using stochastic computing

Deep Learning, as an important branch of machine learning and neural network, is playing an increasingly important role in a number of fields like computer vision, natural language processing, etc. However, large-scale deep learning systems mainly operate in high-performance server clusters, thus restricting the application extensions to personal or mobile devices. The solution proposed in this paper is taking advantage of the fantastic features of stochastic computing methods. Stochastic computing is a type of data representation and processing technique, which uses a binary bit stream to represent a probability number (by counting the number of ones in this bit stream). In the stochastic computing area, some key arithmetic operations such as additions or multiplications can be implemented with very simple components like AND gates or multiplexers, respectively. Thus it provides an immense design space for integrating a large amount of neurons and enabling fully parallel and scalable hardware implementations of large-scale deep learning systems. In this paper, we present a reconfigurable large-scale deep learning system based on stochastic computing technologies, including the design of the neuron, the convolution function, the back-propagation function and some other basic operations. And the network-on-chip technique is also proposed in this paper to achieve the goal of implementing a large-scale hardware system. Our experiments validate the functionality of reconfigurable deep learning systems using stochastic computing, and demonstrate that when the bit streams are set to be 8192 bits, classification of MNIST digits by stochastic computing can perform as low error rate as that by normal arithmetic operations.
Group Representations II: General; Rigid Motions; Bessel Functions

The irreducible representations of SO(2) found in Section 20.5 were one-dimensional; those of SO(3) found in Section 20.9 were multidimensional, with dimension 2l + 1, l = 0, 1, 2, ...; those of the rigid motion groups, to be discussed below, are infinite-dimensional. These differences reflect various group properties, as will be shown.
Doubly stochastic algorithms for large-scale optimization

We consider learning problems over training sets in which both, the number of training examples and the dimension of the feature vectors, are large. To solve these problems we propose the random parallel stochastic algorithm (RAPSA). We call the algorithm random parallel because it utilizes multiple processors to operate in a randomly chosen subset of blocks of the feature vector. We call the algorithm stochastic because processors choose elements of the training set randomly and independently. Algorithms that are parallel in either of these dimensions exist, but RAPSA is the first attempt at a methodology that is parallel in both, the selection of blocks and the selection of elements of the training set. In RAPSA, processors utilize the randomly chosen functions to compute the stochastic gradient component associated with a randomly chosen block. We show that this type of doubly stochastic approximation method, when executed on an asynchronous parallel computing architecture, exhibits comparable convergence behavior to that of classical stochastic gradient descent on strongly convex functions — for diminishing step-sizes, asynchronous RAPSA converges to the minimizer of the expected risk. We illustrate empirical algorithm performance on a linear estimation problem, as well as a binary image classification using the MNIST handwritten digit dataset.
State-conditioned soil investment in rural Uganda

Abstract While poor soils limit agricultural production across rural, sub-Saharan Africa, most smallholder farmers fail to invest in their soils in the way that soil scientists and policy makers prescribe. A small but growing literature examines biophysical constraints on soil investment, and in particular state-conditioned soil investment – the manner in which current soil fertility drives investment in soils in poor, agricultural contexts. While some research finds that farmers invest more in low fertility soils, other authors find the opposite. We model two types of state-conditioned soil investment, and show that while organic amendments in the form of manure or compost are optimally applied on low fertility plots, structural investments to halt soil degradation may not be optimal on any plots, or may be optimal only on high value, high fertility plots. Using plot-level panel data from Uganda, we find that soil fertility measures from 2003 do predict subsequent soil management practices a decade later. Farmers are more likely to apply organic amendments to low fertility plots, as predicted by our analytical model. Laborious conservation practices and structural investments in plots are quite rare, indicating that these measure may not be effective enough to be profitable in Uganda. Even so, certain conservation practices are predicted by 2003 soil fertility conditions. These associations, and the associations regarding organic amendment, are highly stable in the face of many controls – it appears that soils starting conditions do matter for subsequent soil investment decisions and soil fertility trajectories. Together, the model and empirical investigation bring nuance to the previous discussion on state-conditioned soil investment, and help to resolve seemingly inconsistent empirical findings in the literature.
Good Riddance to Big Insurance Mergers

Federal judges have issued preliminary injunctions halting mergers of four of the five largest U.S. health insurers. These decisions provide more precedent to support challenges of mergers between competitors in health care markets — whether payers or providers.
Silicon microring weight banks for multivariate RF photonics

Microring weight banks enable novel analog processing approaches in silicon photonics. Incorporating statistical techniques, they can implement wideband dimensionality reduction. We demonstrate principal component analysis of three 1GHz signals in a microring weight bank.
Relationship between Employment Stress, Household Income, and Social and Health-risk Behaviors in Students with International Experiences

While numerous researches portray positive relationship between stress and health-risk behaviors, such as smoking and drinking, some studies claimed that other third variables predicted increased health-risk behaviors instead. Furthermore, researches seemed to yield different results according to countries and/or races too. In a research, Blacks and Hispanics were found to be more likely to experience higher levels of stress than Whites do but were also found be more resilient to stress due to various support systems (Krueger, Saint Onge, & Chang, 2011). In addition, in South Korea, notorious for high suicide rates and stress levels, there have been several studies on a concept of employment stress, or job-seeking stress, but the construct did not seem to be found in other countries. To examine whether if the variable of employment stress is a culture-bound concept and if the levels of stress experienced differ according to culture, we examined a total of 82 full-time undergraduate students, many with international background, at University of Utah Asia Campus. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between international experience, employment stress, household income, and social and health-risk behaviors. The results showed that while household income predicted increased employment stress and employment stress predicted negative relationship with sociality, international experience did not predict increased employment stress, nor did the employment stress predict increased health-risk behaviors.
Ibuprofen does not reverse ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia

Ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia involves an increase in the acute hypoxic ventilatory response that is blocked by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administered during sustained hypoxia. We tested the hypothesis that inflammatory signals are necessary to sustain ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia once it is established. Adult, rats were acclimatized to normoxia or chronic hypoxia (CH, [Formula: see text] =70Torr) for 11-12days and treated with ibuprofen or saline for the last 2days of hypoxia. Ventilation, metabolic rate, and arterial blood gas responses to O2 and CO2 were not affected by ibuprofen after acclimatization had been established. Immunohistochemistry and image analysis showed acute (1h) hypoxia activated microglia in a medullary respiratory center (nucleus tractus solitarius, NTS) and this was blocked by ibuprofen administered from the beginning of hypoxic exposure. Microglia returned to the control state after 7days of CH and were not affected by ibuprofen administered for 2 more days of CH. In contrast, NTS astrocytes were activated by CH but not acute hypoxia and activation was not reversed by administering ibuprofen for the last 2days of CH. Hence, ibuprofen cannot reverse ventilatory acclimatization or astrocyte activation after they have been established by sustained hypoxia. The results are consistent with a model for microglia activation or other ibuprofen-sensitive processes being necessary for the induction but not maintenance of ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia.
A Revised View of the IoT Ecosystem

Despite the promise and possibility of such technology, the frequency and sheer number of devices to be configured within an Internet of Things network can leave the door open to some frightening possibilities.
Gainsharing perspectives, theory, and designs: A review

Although gainsharing is an old organizational development intervention, the literature has not sought to provide an integrative framework for its study. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of its conceptual perspectives, organizational theory, and design to meet the need of such future research.
A neurochemical hypothesis for the origin of hominids

It has always been difficult to account for the evolution of certain human characters such as language, empathy, and altruism via individual reproductive success. However, the striatum, a subcortical region originally thought to be exclusively motor, is now known to contribute to social behaviors and "personality styles" that may link such complexities with natural selection. We here report that the human striatum exhibits a unique neurochemical profile that differs dramatically from those of other primates. The human signature of elevated striatal dopamine, serotonin, and neuropeptide Y, coupled with lowered acetylcholine, systematically favors externally driven behavior and greatly amplifies sensitivity to social cues that promote social conformity, empathy, and altruism. We propose that selection induced an initial form of this profile in early hominids, which increased their affiliative behavior, and that this shift either preceded or accompanied the adoption of bipedality and elimination of the sectorial canine. We further hypothesize that these changes were critical for increased individual fitness and promoted the adoption of social monogamy, which progressively increased cooperation as well as a dependence on tradition-based cultural transmission. These eventually facilitated the acquisition of language by elevating the reproductive advantage afforded those most sensitive to social cues.
Smart bracelets: Towards automating personal safety using wearable smart jewelry

Ensuring personal safety and detecting physical assaults are critically important issues. During an assault, victims often have no time to call for help using their mobile phones. Most panic button type emergency call devices also require actively pressing a button to contact emergency services. The requirement of active intervention by the victim (through dialing 911 or pressing a button) reduces the effectiveness of the service for ensuring personal safety. To resolve this problem, we use the notion of a smart wearable device, in the form of a smart jewelry bracelet, to automatically sense, detect, and identify physical assault. The smart bracelet uses a multitude of sensors and machine learning to detect an assault as it takes place and then proceeds to contact emergency services and take a series of protective actions. In this demo, we will demonstrate the smart jewelry bracelet and show its usability and effectiveness in providing a low-cost, practical, and usable tool for preventing physical assault and attacks, as well as helping elderly users.
Anonymous surveys to address mistreatment in medical education.

Any use of nonanonymous student surveys will compromise the ability of schools to obtain valid data on mistreatment of students and attendant efforts to reduce the problem.
Conditions for efficiency in finite executions

The theory described in the previous chapters engages in some abuse of our notions of “efficiency.” Although it is easily seen to be necessary and reasonable for our protocol to use different running time bounds for different servers in a given class, the Levin-style enumerations incur an overhead that is exponential in the length of the program used to interact with the given server. In this chapter we show that this cost is unavoidable in general. Still, the servers used to show this lower bound is intuitively designed not to allow easy access, and thus there is reason to hope that a more “open” server might not force us to pay such a prohibitively large price. To an extent, these hopes are fulfilled: we show how a different construction of a universal user can take advantage of a natural sense of “commonality” when the server is designed to efficiently aid a large collection of “natural” user strategies in achieving the goal. Another upshot of restricting our attention to such servers is that we will be able to relax our various requirements on all states of a server to a requirement merely on the “effectively reachable” states. Finally, we show that when no suitable common notion of “natural” user strategies across a class of servers exists, no common efficient universal algorithm can be designed for that class.
Evaluation of density gradient ultracentrifugation serum lipoprotein profiles in healthy dogs and dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Changes in proportions of lipoprotein classes have been described in disease states in humans. In veterinary medicine, hyperlipidemia can cause complications, such as cutaneous xanthomas, liver dis...