cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Picture Fading on two Learning Disabled Students' Sight Word Acquisition

Picture-fading methods previously demonstrated to be effective with moderately and severely retarded individuals were used to teach 12 sight words to two learning disabled students. Although previous studies clearly showed picture fading to be superior to stimulus change and standard paired-associate procedures, such studies employed expensive apparatus. The results of the present study indicated that fading the pictures of picture-word pairs using tracing paper was effective in teaching three lists of four words to two students who were receiving half-day services in an elementary resource room. Followup results indicated that although long-term retention was adequate, several confounding subject and task variables might have accounted for inconsistent followup performances by both students.
PROSTATE CANCER STAGING: CORRELATION BETWEEN ULTRASOUND DETERMINED TUMOR CONTACT LENGTH AND PATHOLOGICALLY CONFIRMED EXTRAPROSTATIC EXTENSION

AbstractPurpose: We determine whether a new parameter, the amount of tumor in contact with the fibromuscular rim (capsule) of the prostate, correlates with extraprostatic extension, and ascertain whether estimating the new parameter using transrectal ultrasonography can predict extraprostatic extension.Materials and Methods: We analyzed step sectioned prostatectomy specimens from 189 patients who had had positive peripheral zone biopsies. We measured the contact length, maximum length (mm.) of the portion of the peripheral zone cancer that was in contact with the fibromuscular rim, and determined the contact ratio from the quotient (%) of the contact length divided by the tumor circumference. We evaluated the correlation between the pathological and ultrasound measurements of these parameters, as well as the accuracy of these criteria for predicting microscopic extraprostatic extension.Results: Among the 189 cancers there was a significant difference (p <0.0001) between organ confined tumors and tumors wi...
Microscopic examination of changes of plant cell structure in corn stover due to hot water pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

Particle size associated with accessible surface area has a significant impact on the saccharification of plant cell walls by cellulolytic enzymes. Small particle sizes of untreated cellulosic substrate are more readily hydrolyzed than large ones because of higher specific surface area. Pretreatment enlarges accessible and susceptible surface area leading to enhanced cellulose hydrolysis. These hypotheses were tested using ground corn stover in the size ranges of 425-710 and 53-75 microm. Ultrastructural changes in these particles were imaged after treatment with cellulolytic enzymes before and after liquid hot water pretreatment. The smaller 53-75 microm corn stover particles are 1.5x more susceptible to hydrolysis than 425-710 microm corn stover particles. This difference between the two particle size ranges is eliminated when the stover is pretreated with liquid hot water pretreatment at 190 degrees C for 15 min, at pH between 4.3 and 6.2. This pretreatment causes ultrastructural changes and formation of micron-sized pores that make the cellulose more accessible to hydrolytic enzymes.
Development of a Technique to Improve Fatigue Lives of Crack-Stop Holes in Steel Bridges

A common technique to prevent the propagation of fatigue cracks in bridge girders is to drill crack-stop holes at crack tips. Stress concentrations at the crack tips are reduced and fatigue life of the bridge is extended. The size of the crack-stop hole needed to prevent further crack growth is determined by using known material properties and relationships developed through experimentation. However, these equations often result in a crack-stop hole diameter larger than can be practically drilled; physical limitations force crack-stop holes to be undersized in the field. To improve effectiveness of undersized holes to that of full-sized holes, a method is needed to strengthen undersized crack-stop holes. This study investigated the potential of a technique to improve the fatigue life of undersized, crack-stop holes. It uses piezoelectric actuators operated at ultrasonic frequencies to convert electrical signals into mechanical work. The technique produced residual compressive stresses of the same order of magnitude as those produced by static cold expansion. A suite of finite element models was created to quantify and characterize the residual stresses surrounding the cold-expanded, undersized, crack-stop holes. Results were compared with analyses in the literature.
RevMiner: an extractive interface for navigating reviews on a smartphone

Smartphones are convenient, but their small screens make searching, clicking, and reading awkward. Thus, perusing product reviews on a smartphone is difficult. In response, we introduce RevMiner - a novel smartphone interface that utilizes Natural Language Processing techniques to analyze and navigate reviews. RevMiner was run over 300K Yelp restaurant reviews extracting attribute-value pairs, where attributes represent restaurant attributes such as sushi and service, and values represent opinions about the attributes such as fresh or fast. These pairs were aggregated and used to: 1) answer queries such as "cheap Indian food", 2) concisely present information about each restaurant, and 3) identify similar restaurants. Our user studies demonstrate that on a smartphone, participants preferred RevMiner's interface to tag clouds and color bars, and that they preferred RevMiner's results to Yelp's, particularly for conjunctive queries (e.g., "great food and huge portions"). Demonstrations of RevMiner are available at revminer.com.
The Timing of Action-Monitoring Processes in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to respond to conflict between simultaneously active, incompatible response tendencies. This area is active during high-conflict correct trials and also when participants make errors. Here, we use the temporal resolution of high-density event-related potentials (ERPs) in combination with source localization to investigate the timing of ACC activity during conflict and error detection. We predicted that the same area of the ACC is active prior to high-conflict correct responses and following erroneous responses. Dipole modeling supported this prediction: The frontocentral N2, occurring prior to the response on correct conflict trials, and the ERN, occurring immediately following error responses, could both be modeled as having a generator in the caudal ACC, suggesting the same process to underlie both peaks. Modeling further suggested that the rostral area of the ACC was also active following errors, but later in time, contributing to the error positivity (PE), and peaking at 200-250 msec following the ERN peak. Despite the inherent limitations of source localization, these data may begin to shed light on the timing of action-monitoring processes. First, the time course of caudal ACC activity follows the time course as predicted by the conflict theory of this region. Second, caudal ACC activity might be temporally dissociated from rostral ACC activity during error trials, which possibly reflects a separate, affective component of the evaluative functions of the ACC.
Urban outfitters: city-based strategies and success in post-war Japanese politics

Abstract Scholars have long held that the urban–rural cleavage has been a critical line of division in Japan. In contrast, recent applications of rational choice to Japan have emphasized political structures over sociological factors. Kohno (1997) utilizes electoral data to indicate the importance of institutional factors, and largely rejects the centrality of the urban–rural distinction in shaping party strategy and success. The article presented here offers evidence that demonstrates not only that Kohno's model is misspecified, but also that an approach founded on the urban–rural split tends to offer greater explanatory power than the purely institutional model.
Realism and Mind Independence

Michael Burke applies deductive arguments based on universal essentialist generalizations like All cats are essentially cats to the Dion-Theon case and similar puzzles. His aim is to explain which substance sortal dominates in each case, and why this dominance drives all items but one from existence. An analysis of the logic of these arguments, especially implications among universal essentialist generalizations, reveals two significant problems. First, contrary to what he claims, his account is not consistent with situation relative sortal dominance. Second, there are puzzles much like the Dion-Theon case that he cannot resolve.
Duplex scanning with continuous wave doppler for carotid disease

Duplex scanning with the use of continuous wave Doppler instrumentation was used for the evaluation of carotid disease and compared to angiography. In twenty such patients 100% accuracy for diagnosis of total occlusion by Duplex scanning with continuous wave Doppler, was obtained. The sensitivity for those patients with 50%-99% stenosis was 92% and for those patients with 20%-49% stenosis was 75%. The overall accuracy for this diagnostic test for all groups of stenosis was 85%. This compares favorably with other noninvasive vascular techniques and is felt to be an accurate and useful technique for the detection of carotid stenosis. Several advantages of this technique are pointed out.
Computational Tools for Preliminary Engineering Design

The primary objective of this work is to develop tools to aid the designer in developing designs; in making analyses; and in disqualifying unsatisfactory design configurations at the preliminary stages, where several different concepts (usually imprecisely defined) are simultaneously evaluated for feasibility and relative merit. Such tools are not “artificial intelligence”, in that the designer is providing both the creative idea generation, and making the decisions. Instead, the idea is to provide computational aids which present the information to the designer in such a way that the behavior of the input parameters with respect to the functional requirements may be readily understood.
Morphologies and Genealogies: Shaker Furniture and Danish Design

AbstractThis essay interrogates the influence of Shaker furniture on mid-century Danish design. Though but one among many international and historical referents, the Shaker one was, I argue, crucial to the positive reception and powerful significance of Danish design in the postwar United States. I begin with an analysis of formal resemblance and then contextualize the legibility and the significance of this resemblance within popular culture. The article aims both to consider the ramifications of design influence beyond the construction of formal genealogies and to advance our historical understanding of mid-century Danish design’s structural intervention into modernism at large.
Blue-Collar Classroom From the Individual to the Collective

This article examines how a labor studies program, most of whose students come from unions in the building trades, wrestles with a deeply rooted perception about the relationship between an individ...
GENE DUPLICATION AND PHYLOGENY IN CLARKIA.

Direct evidence for the descent of a group of species from a single common ancestor is rarely possible in the absence of fossils. Consequently, phylogenetic taxonomy relies on comparative analysis of morphological, chromosomal, and biochemical characters for evidence of relationship. However, even when many characters are concordant in their variation patterns, phylogenetic inferences can be confused by character convergence, functional correlation, unequal rates of evolution in different lineages, and ignorance of primitive and derived character states. In principle, a monophyletic relationship for a large number of diploid species could be inferred if they possessed in common a character that had a single and unique origin. Such a character appears to have been identified in the annual plant genus Clarkia (Onagraceae). It is shared by more than a dozen diploid. species which are morphologically and karyotypically diverse, and assigned to four sections in the current taxonomy (Lewis and Lewis, 1955). The character is an apparent duplication of the structural gene which codes the subunits of the cytoplasmic isozyme of phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) (EC 5.3. 1.9). PGIs are dimeric enzymes that catalyze the reversible isomerization of glucose-6phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. The duplication was discovered during the course of electrophoretic studies of enzyme variation in Clarkia (Gottlieb, 1973, 1974, 1977a). Its electrophoretic variability in several species, mode of inheritance, linkage, and several biochemical properties were recently described (Gottlieb, 1977b). The duplication is considered unique because its presumed mode of origin (Gottlieb, 1977b) required the sequential occurrence of a number of independent and rare events: (1) two reciprocal translocations that involve the same two pairs of nonhomologous chromosomes; (2) each translocation must overlap the chromosomal segment that bears the ancestral PGI locus; (3) a chromosomal heterozygote for the translocations must be formed presumably from a cross between the single translocations; and (4) the duplicated progeny class must become homozygous and be viable and fertile. These steps have been demonstrated experimentally in maize (Burnham, 1962). The major genetic prediction of origin by translocation is that the ancestral and duplicate loci not be linked. This appears to be the case in Clarkia since the two loci assort independently in C. xantiana (Gottlieb, 1977b), and we report here similar results in C. biloba, C. dudleyana, and C. unguiculata. This paper describes the electrophoretic variability of PGI and the number of coding gene loci in 30 species of Clarkia (about 75% of those currently recognized). In addition, we provide both genetic and biochemical evidence of overlaps on starch gels of the electrophoretic mobilities of isozymes coded by the ancestral and duplicate genes. The taxonomic distribution of the duplication in Clarkia requires a new phylogenetic alignment of the sections of the genus.
Clinical Evaluation of the Class II Medical Device from the Point of View of Registration and Evaluation

This paper is aimed to guide the applicants to do the clinical evaluation correctly and scientifically and improve the registration efficiency. From the point of view of registration and evaluation, this paper analyzed the requirements of clinical evaluation of the class Ⅱ medical device in combination with the current laws and regulations and provide the methods and essentials of the clinical evaluation.
Expression and function of miR-181a in thymocytes w ith thymic aging

Objective To explore the expression of miR-181a in age-associated thymic involution,and the interaction betw een miR-181a and its target gene ZFP36l2 in thymus during aging. Methods A total of 18 C57BL /6 mice w ere randomly divided into 3 groups,w ith 6 in each,including the 1-month-old group,9-month-old group,and 15-monthold group. The thymic dissociated cells w ere stained by fluorescence-conjugated anti-CD45,follow ed by metal beads through LS column. Quantitative PCR w as performed to observe changes in miR-181a and ZFP36l2 expressions in the different age groups. Transfecting luciferase reporters w ere transfected into HEK293 cells,and the auto-fluorescence values w ere measured 48 hours later. Results The miR-181a expression show ed a dow nw ard trend w ith aging( P 0. 05),w hile its target gene ZFP36l2 show ed an upw ard trend( P 0. 05),w ith a statistically significant negative correlation betw een the tw o expressions( P = 0. 04). The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-181a targeted the ZFP36l2 3'UTR region. Conclusion The miR-181a,w hich targets ZFP36l2,plays an important role during age-associated thymic involution.
Taking Advantage of the Imformation on the Web

This paper probes into several WWW methods for better utilization of the info.resouces on the Web.
Research Supporting CSLSI

This chapter provides a summary of the conceptual and empirical literature on the nature and influence of spiritual intelligence. It presents a detailed analysis of the conceptual definitions of CSLSI and its influence on key job-related attitudes, behaviors, and performance outcomes, including organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and well-being. A detailed review of one key CSLSI outcome, servant leadership, affords additional support for CSLSI and its efficacy. The chapter concludes with a summary of the research protocol and sample demographics for the field interviews.
User modeling and user interfaces

In the past several years, it has become increasingly apparent that there is strong disagreement between researchers within and outside of AI on how to build systems for man-machine communication. Within AI, and specifically within natural language, researchers have noted that human speakers and hearers draw on their knowledge about each other when communicating. This knowledge is used both in understanding, and responding to, a speaker’s utterances. User models are a means for representing various types of information about speakers and hearers so that systems are able to reason about their users when interpreting input and producing responses. While there is disagreement in the AI community about the form of user model that should be used, there is an implicit assumption that some form of knowledge about users is essential for successful man-machine communication. In contrast, in the user interface and information retrieval community there has been a reaction against user models. Researchers in this community have argued that with a properly designed interface, users are able to get the information that they need. Modelling a user requires access to and representation of all sorts of ill-defined aspects of human cognition (e.g., how do we know when a user believes that a specific fact is true?). Rather than being so presumptuous as to assume that we can carry out such a task, why not rely on the fact that users, as humans, are smart enough to be able to use interfaces as intended to satisfy their needs? The purpose of the panel is to bring together these disparate opinions in an open forum. Are we really as far apart as we seem ? Are there opinions in the opposing viewpoints that ought be adopted by the other group?
Petrogel: New Hydrocarbon (Oil) Absorbent Based on Polyolefin Polymers

We discuss a new class of polymer absorbents called “petrogels”, polyolefin-based hydrophobic absorbents that demonstrate selective absorption of hydrocarbon (oil) molecules in water, counterpart to “hydrogels” that are known for absorbing aqueous solutions. To understand the effects of the molecular structure (i.e., polymer composition, cross-linking density, and morphology) to the absorption capacity with various hydrocarbons and mixtures, a systematical study was conducted involving polyolefin copolymers that exhibit a highly swellable network but no dissolution in hydrocarbons at ambient temperature. They include a set of semicrystalline poly(ethylene-co-1-octene) thermoplastics (metallocene-LLDPEs) with low crystallinity, melting temperature, and various morphologies (i.e., pellets, films, and foams) and a set of cross-linked amorphous poly(1-decene-co-divinylbenzene) (x-D-DVB) elastomers with low cross-linking densities. The absorption study involves pure hydrocarbons (toluene and heptane), refined ...
Statement of Thomas J. Horton, Professor of Law and Heidepriem Trial Advocacy Fellow, The University of South Dakota School of Law, Before the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial and Antitrust Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives Concerning 'International Antitrust Enforcement: China and Beyond'

Statement of Thomas J. Horton, Professor of Law and Heidepriem Trial Advocacy Fellow, The University of South Dakota School of Law, Before the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial and Antitrust Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States House of Representatives Concerning “International Antitrust Enforcement: China and Beyond”, June 7, 2016.
Microsurgery Case Volume During Orthopedic Surgery Residency: A 7-Year Assessment.

Background: Microsurgery is a specialized surgical technique with wide clinical application. The purpose of this study was to analyze case logs of graduating orthopedic surgery residents to assess ...
Characterizing fentanyl use in methadone-maintained clients

Abstract Aims Deaths attributed to fentanyl have increased in the United States. However, little is known about fentanyl use among substance abuse treatment clients. To fill this gap, we assessed prevalence of fentanyl exposure, characteristics of clients testing positive for fentanyl, other substances detected concurrently or simultaneously with fentanyl, and clients' perception of how many people are actively seeking to use fentanyl. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all clients at one methadone maintenance treatment clinic between January 2015 and May 2016 in Wayne County, Michigan. Urine drug screens (UDS) including fentanyl (and its metabolite norfentanyl) were conducted clinically. To obtain additional data, 113 clients in this clinic subsequently completed an anonymous survey. Results Of 368 unique clients with UDS, 38.0% had at least one and 26.1% had ≥2 fentanyl-positive UDS results. None had a fentanyl prescription. Clients ever testing positive for fentanyl were significantly ( p Conclusions Fentanyl was commonly detected during this period with some clients having multiple fentanyl-positive UDS. Most clients did not know anyone seeking to obtain fentanyl. Regardless, the high exposure underscores that naloxone training and distribution is needed.
Radiogenomics: Identification of Genomic Predictors for Radiation Toxicity

The overall goal of radiogenomics is the identification of genomic markers that are predictive for the development of adverse effects resulting from cancer treatment with radiation. The principal rationale for a focus on toxicity in radiogenomics is that for many patients treated with radiation, especially individuals diagnosed with early-stage cancers, the survival rates are high, and therefore a substantial number of people will live for a significant period of time beyond treatment. However, many of these patients could suffer from debilitating complications resulting from radiotherapy. Work in radiogenomics has greatly benefited from creation of the Radiogenomics Consortium (RGC) that includes investigators at multiple institutions located in a variety of countries. The common goal of the RGC membership is to share biospecimens and data so as to achieve large-scale studies with increased statistical power to enable identification of relevant genomic markers. A major aim of research in radiogenomics is the development of a predictive instrument to enable identification of people who are at greatest risk for adverse effects resulting from cancer treatment using radiation. It is anticipated that creation of a predictive assay characterized by a high level of sensitivity and specificity will improve precision radiotherapy and assist patients and their physicians to select the optimal treatment for each individual.
Remote care communities: healthcare housing for the chronically homeless

ABSTRACTThe connection between housing and health is well documented; nowhere, this link clearer than with the chronically homeless. To improve population health and reduce costs, healthcare systems have a great incentive to house their chronically homeless patients. However, current healthcare payment models coupled with the high cost of building and maintaining affordable supportive housing prohibit the provision of this type of care. We propose the creation of “Remote Care Communities” to redefine housing as a health intervention: providing preventative care in the form of patient rooms outside of, or remote to, the hospital. This paper describes specific tactics for establishing new collaborative models of funding and creating extremely affordable accommodations at an amount and a rate commensurate with the need. This shift reflects a systemic understanding of housing as a healthcare entitlement and has national implications for the healthcare industry, the housing industry, and local governments.
ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION-DERIVED CORONARY MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION IS NOT THROMBUS DEPENDENT: RESULTS IN A PORCINE CORONARY MODEL

Microvascular Obstruction (MVO) during STEMI is responsible for ischemia and cell death. It is a marker for late complications including death, CHF and stroke. MVO is incompletely understood regarding the role of thrombus and small vessel occlusion. This study examined thrombus in MVO during STEMI
Worsening Heart Failure During the Use of DPP-4 Inhibitors: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Clinical Risks, and Potential Influence of Concomitant Antidiabetic Medications.

Although dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors have been reported to have a neutral effect on thromboembolic vaso-occlusive events in large-scale trials, they act to potentiate several endogenous peptides that can exert deleterious cardiovascular effects. Experimentally, DPP-4 inhibitors may augment the ability of glucagon-like peptide-1 to stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate in cardiomyocytes, and potentiation of the effects of stromal cell-derived factor-1 by DPP-4 inhibitors may aggravate cardiac fibrosis. These potentially deleterious actions of DPP-4 inhibitors might not become clinically apparent if these drugs were to promote sodium excretion. However, the natriuretic effect of DPP-4 inhibitors is modest, because they act on the distal (rather than proximal) renal tubules. Accordingly, both clinical trials and observational studies have reported an increase in the risk of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes who were receiving DPP-4 inhibitors. This risk may be muted in trials with a high prevalence of metformin use or with low and declining background use of insulin and thiazolidinediones. Still, the most vulnerable patients (i.e., those with established heart failure) were not well represented in these studies. The only trial that specifically evaluated patients with pre-existing left ventricular dysfunction observed important drug-related adverse structural and clinical effects. In conclusion, an increased risk of worsening heart failure appears to be a class effect of DPP-4 inhibitors, even in patients without a history of heart failure. Additional clinical trials are urgently needed to elucidate the benefits and risks of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with established left ventricular dysfunction.
Status Bound: The Twentieth Century Evolution of Directors’ Liability

This article examines scholarly debates and judicial decisions, ranging from the turn of the twentieth century to its end, about the appropriate status of directors and the standard of liability that each status carried — specifically in situations involving allegations of breaches of the duty of care. I argue that during the course of the twentieth century, jurists moved from viewing directors as trustees, to describing directors as representatives of the shareholders, to holding that directors were mere agents of shareholders who typically served as passive principals. Each of these descriptions corresponded to a particular understanding of the role of corporations in society, and each implied a particular standard of liability — when directors were viewed as trustees they were subjected to heightened requirements, directors as representatives were expected to act reasonably, while the decisions of directors as agents were subjected only to minimal scrutiny.
Crepuscular Changes in Emission Rate and Parameters of the Boatwhistle Advertisement Call of the Gulf Toadfish, Opsanus Beta

We quantified crepuscular variation in the emission rate and call properties of the boatwhistle advertisement call of Gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, from a field recording of a natural population of nesting males in the Florida Keys. Their calls are more variable and complex than previously reported. A call typically starts with a grunt followed by one to five tonal boop notes (typically two or three) and lasts for over a second. The first boop is considerably longer than later ones, and intervals between boops are relatively constant until the final interval, which approximately doubles in duration. Positions of fish are fixed and calls are sufficiently variable that we could discern individual callers in field recordings. Calling rate increases after sunset when males tend to produce shorter calls with fewer notes. Analysis by number of notes per call indicates some individuals decrease the number of initial grunts and the duration of the first note, but most of the decrease results from fewer notes. To our knowledge this sort of call plasticity has not been demonstrated before in fishes. We suggest that call shortening lowers the chances of overlapping calls of other males and that the small amount of time actually spent producing sound (total on time) is an adaptation to prevent fatigue in sonic muscles adapted for speed but not endurance.
Negotiating Gay Male Christian Identities

The majority of discussions of gay and lesbian experiences in the United States associate gay culture with urban areas. However, there is still a significant population of LGBT people living in the rural United States (Baumle et al., The Demography of Sexual Orientation, 2009). Many of these individuals identify with rural spaces and seek to maintain “country” identities. As with rural spaces, there is an assumption that Christian identities directly conflict with those of non-heterosexual identities. This study examines the ways in which these individuals create and negotiate stereotypically conflicting identities regarding their sexuality, their rural identities and their religious identity. The goal of this project is to add to the amount of currently sparse literature on rural gay Christians and give an accurate portrayal of gay Christians in rural areas. I found that the sensationalized stereotypes of what it means to be a gay Christian in the country are often times a far cry from the actual, lived experiences.
Tephra fallout hazards at Quito International Airport (Ecuador)

Tephra fallout is the most widespread hazard posed by explosive volcanic eruptions. The 2010 explosive eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland significantly exposed the vulnerability of aviation operations to volcanic ash. The presence of fine ash in the atmosphere forced authorities to close most of European airspace for almost a week. A worldwide study of airport operations disrupted by volcanic eruptions (Guffanti et al., Nat Hazards 51:287–302, 2009) showed significant past exposure to tephra fall of the old international airport (OUIO) in Quito, Ecuador. A new international airport, Mariscal Sucre International Airport (UIO), located 15 km due east to OUIO, started operations on February 20, 2013. Given its location close to the old airport, UIO is also at risk for tephra fallout in the future. We identified five volcanoes capable of producing tephra hazard at UIO. Three (Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, and Tungurahua) are currently active and have recently disrupted aviation operations in Ecuador. The other two (Cotopaxi and Pululagua) are not currently active, but any future eruption from these two volcanoes would probably be explosive, hence capable of producing tephra hazard to UIO. As eruption parameters and wind profiles cannot be forecast in advance, we used a probabilistic approach to quantify the probability of tephra accumulation exceeding 1 mm and 1 cm (regarded as non-conservative and conservative bounds for airport disruption) following an explosive eruption from each volcano. Each eruptive parameter was randomly sampled within a predefined distribution, and wind profiles are randomly sampled within a 5-year dataset. The probability of tephra accumulation reaching 1 mm and 1 cm at UIO is 14.3–19.9 and 2.5–5.8 %, respectively, for Cotopaxi; 17.5–19.9 and 7–7.7 %, respectively, for Guagua Pichincha; and 44.3–44.8 and 18.8–24.9 %, respectively, for Pululagua. According to our results, Reventador and Tungurahua are not likely to yield tephra accumulations of 1 cm or greater, and the probability of tephra accumulation reaching 1 mm at UIO is 3.8–8.2 and 0.2 %, respectively. Our results show that the probabilities of tephra accumulation are mostly reduced at the new airport site with respect to OUIO (except for Reventador). The use of our probabilistic approach is not restricted to UIO, but it can certainly be applied to quantify tephra fall hazards at other airports worldwide, especially those identified as being potentially affected by future volcanic eruptions (e.g., Catania, Italy; Anchorage, USA; Kokopo, Papua New Guinea). Finally, the probabilistic method presented here can also be applied to other critical facilities (e.g., nuclear power plants) or to urban areas.
Practical uncertainty quantification analysis involving statistically dependent random variables

Abstract This article presents a practical refinement of generalized polynomial chaos expansion for uncertainty quantification under dependent input random variables. Unlike the Rodrigues-type formula, which exists for select probability measures, a three-step computational algorithm is put forward to generate a sequence of any approximate measure-consistent multivariate orthonormal polynomials. For uncertainty quantification analysis under dependent random variables, two regression methods, comprising existing standard least-squares and newly developed partitioned diffeomorphic modulation under observable response preserving homotopy (D-MORPH), are proposed to estimate the coefficients of generalized polynomial chaos expansion for the very first time. In contrast to the existing regression devoted so far to the classical polynomial chaos expansion, no tensor-product structure is required or enforced. The partitioned D-MORPH regression is applicable to either an underdetermined or overdetermined system, thus substantially enhancing the ability of the original D-MORPH regression. Numerical results obtained for Gaussian and non-Gaussian probability measures with rectangular or non-rectangular domains point to highly accurate orthonormal polynomials produced by the three-step algorithm. More significantly, the generalized polynomial chaos approximations of mathematical functions and stochastic responses from solid-mechanics problems, in tandem with the partitioned D-MORPH regression, provide excellent estimates of the second-moment properties and reliability from only hundreds of function evaluations or finite element analyses.
Fluorescence-guided surgery of the esophagus

The use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence near-infrared (NIR) imaging during gastrointestinal surgery has surged in recent years. Its use in esophageal surgery is actively being studied both in the clinical setting and in the lab. NIR imaging has several important applications in esophageal surgery including assessing perfusion of the gastrointestinal-esophageal anastomosis, lymphatic drainage and tracheal blood flow after mediastinal dissection. This is a review of the modern literature summarizing the current knowledge on fluorescence-guided surgery of the esophagus.
How Female Disclosure Recipients React to Women Survivors: The Impact of Rape Acknowledgment and Rejection of Rape Myths

Because female rape survivors who are listened to and believed have been found to have fewer difficulties, it is essential that researchers examine factors that influence the social reactions survivors receive. The present experiment included 397 female U.S. college-students who were randomly assigned to read a vignette that either reflected an acknowledged rape survivor (i.e., used the word “rape” to describe the incident) or described an unacknowledged rape survivor (e.g., used the word “miscommunication” to describe the incident). The college women then answered questions about their own levels of rape myth rejection and indicated on measures of positive social reactions, negative social reactions, and victim blame how they would respond to the hypothetical rape survivor. The results demonstrated that the female participants’ answers on positive social reactions and victim blame were a function of both the survivors’ acknowledgment status and the participants’ rape myth rejection. The interaction was not supported for negative social reactions, but this non-finding may have stemmed from a restricted range of variance and overall low scores on that variable. The results are discussed in the context of both individual and systemic interventions that may lead to more positive, helpful, and affirming responses to survivors via the reduction of rape myths.
Photocatalytic Hydromethylation and Hydroalkylation of Olefins Enabled by Titanium Dioxide Mediated Decarboxylation.

A versatile method for the hydromethylation and hydroalkylation of alkenes at room temperature is achieved by using the photooxidative redox capacity of the valence band of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2). Mechanistic studies support a radical-based mechanism involving the photoexcitation of TiO2 with 390-nm light in the presence of acetic acid and other carboxylic acids to generate methyl and alkyl radicals, respectively, without the need for stoichiometric base. This protocol is accepting of a broad scope of alkene and carboxylic acids, including challenging ones that produce highly reactive primary alkyl radicals and those containing functional groups that are susceptible to nucleophilic substitution such as alkyl halides. This methodology highlights the utility of using heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysts such as TiO2 for promoting challenging organic syntheses that rely on highly reactive intermediates.
Training for Multiple Arterial Grafting: A Thoracic Surgery Resident Survey.

Background Utilization of multiple arterial grafting (MAG) in the United States is less than 10%. Trainee experience with MAG has not previously been examined. Methods A total of 497 thoracic surgery residents in accredited training programs in March 2019 and 115 who completed residency in 2018 were electronically surveyed regarding their experience with MAG using a radial artery (RA) graft or bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafts with a skeletonized mammary (SM). Results Eighty-four (14%) trainees responded: 54% had completed 2+ years of training and 87% declared their focus as cardiac, undecided, or both cardiac and thoracic (CUB). Of all 84 respondents, 76% (n = 64 of 84) had no experience with RA harvest. A total of 35% (n = 29 of 84) had no experience with SM harvest. The majority, 68% (n = 57 of 84), used BIMA grafting in 0% to 5% of cases. A total of 61% (n = 51 of 84) used RA conduit in 0% to 5% of cases. Among trainees with 2+ years of experience, 56% (n = 25 of 45) had performed more than 6 SM takedowns, 18% (n = 8 of 45) had no experience. In trainees with 2+ years, 20% (n = 9 of 45) performed more than 5 RA harvests, while 80% (n = 36 of 45) had no experience. Examining integrated 6-year residents with greater than 3 years of experience, only 33% (n = 5 of 15) performed more than 5% RA grafting. A total of 90% of CUB trainees wanted to perform MAG in practice and 75% felt prepared to do so. Conclusions Despite substantial variation in MAG training, respondents expressed an overwhelming interest in performing MAG. These data and the reality of MAG utilization in the United States indicate that a more rigorous, standardized approach to MAG training may be required.
Correlation of Coping, Mentorship, and Life Events with Burnout in Internal Medicine Residents

Physician burnout is a widespread problem. We examined how coping, mentorship, and life events correlated with burnout in Internal Medicine Residents. We performed a cross-sectional study of survey data collected over multiple time points and used Spearman correlation of coping, mentorship, and life events to emotional exhaustion (EE) and cynicism (CYN). Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS), coping skills were measured using the Brief COPE, mentorship with an institutional mentoring survey, and life events with a shortened Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). Two thousand one surveys were distributed to 616 residents from 2010 to 2015. There were 1144 cases of completion of both the Brief COPE and the MBI-GS (58%), 744 of the MBI-GS and the Mentoring survey (47%), and 1138 of the MBI-GS and Life Events Scale (57%). There were correlations between acceptance (ρ 0.1–0.24), denial (ρ 0.13–0.20), substance abuse (ρ 0.15–0.22), behavioral disengagement (ρ 0.18–.037), self-blame (ρ 0.27–0.45), self-distraction (ρ 0.18–0.32) and venting (ρ 0.15–0.47) and EE. There were correlations with acceptance (ρ 0.11–0.15), denial (ρ 0.18–0.26), humor (ρ 0.13–0.20), substance abuse (ρ 0.10–0.29), behavioral disengagement (ρ 0.19–0.40), self-blame (ρ 0.24–0.35), self-distraction (ρ 0.14–0.34) and venting (ρ 0.12–0.38) and CYN. There was a negative correlation between mentorship and EE (ρ − 0.15, − 0.18) and CYN (ρ − 0.30 to − 0.20). There were correlations between life events and EE (ρ 0.15–0.20) and CYN (ρ = 0.14–0.15). Maladaptive coping mechanisms, acceptance, and life stressors correlate with burnout in internal medicine residents and mentoring may be protective.
A new coupled multiphase flow-finite strain deformation-fault slip framework for induced seismicity

Abstract Production of hydrocarbons and water from subsurface reservoirs are known to cause permanent deformation of the reservoir and seismicity along faults both of which are detrimental to sustainable development of natural resources. Most of the prior studies on understanding fluid flow-induced plasticity and seismicity have focused on one or the other phenomenon due to the numerical difficulty associated with simultaneous modeling of the two failure phenomena because stress and deformation evolve non-linearly in both plasticity and seismicity. However, in reservoirs undergoing long-term production, plastic failure can alter the stress paths of points on a fault such that the onset, location, and magnitude of actual seismic events can no longer be predicted by a poroelastic simulation due to inaccurate stress and deformation history. We present a computational framework for coupled multiphase flow, finite strain poroplastic deformation, and dynamic fault slip and use it to understand the impact of plastic deformation on the onset, location, and magnitude of induced fault slip events. We evaluate the impact of plasticity on reservoir pressure, deformation, induced stress, and fault slip by comparing infinitesimal strain elastic and finite strain poro-elastoplastic models. For real-world applications, we consider different scenarios where the reservoir is either mechanically weaker or stronger than the caprock. We analyze the stress evolution as a function of the change in reservoir pressure to understand the role of contrast in reservoir and caprock elastic moduli on geomechanical stability. The results show that the poroplastic reservoir exhibits larger vertical deformation and delayed slip than the poroelastic reservoir after the same amount of oil production. For the same amount of pressure drop, a reservoir with a smaller modulus than the caprock displays a larger vertical displacement and an earlier onset of both plastic failure and fault slip. For a reservoir with a larger modulus than the caprock, vertical displacement is larger on the reservoir top boundary and smaller on the ground surface, and a higher pressure drop is needed to induce plastic failure and fault slip.
Summary and perspective for future research on the contribution of microbiota in visceral and neurological disorders

Abstract Human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. It is essential for the development of the host’s immune system and many other physiological functions. The gut microbiome communicates with the brain through the gut–brain axis, a bidirectional pathway that integrates the gut and brain activities. Studies have revealed how diverse forms of neuro-immune and neurological disorders are correlated with or modulated by variations of the microbiome, microbiota-derived products, and exogenous antibiotics and probiotics. Growing evidence suggests that by manipulating the gut microbiota composition by changing diet, using probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics, and via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), one can promote changes in host health. Disruption of this ecosystem is associated with many visceral and neurological diseases indicating the importance of maintaining the host’s health.
Future Considerations and Directions for Thermal Ablative Technologies

To outline future applications of thermal ablation technologies for head and neck pathologies. Thermal ablation technologies are most widely used for benign thyroid disease. However, other potential uses include parathyroid disease, salivary tumors, and papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. The anatomical proximity of critical structures to the thyroid bed raises important issues regarding patient safety and morbidity with thermal ablation techniques for these novel indications and potential maneuvers to minimize risk are also discussed. While benign thyroid lesions offer an excellent demonstration of proof of concept for ablative technologies, it is likely that surgeons skilled in thermal ablation techniques will employ this skillset to the benefit of future patients with pathologies ranging from the parotid to the parathyroid and beyond.
Percutaneous management strategies for STEMI with coexisting aneurysmal coronary- to-pulmonary artery fistula: a case report.

Background Coexistence of coronary artery fistulas and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is rare. Case summary We present a unique case of a patient initially presenting with an anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction, subsequently found to have two-vessel CAD and an aneurysmal left coronary-to-right pulmonary artery fistula. Discussion After discussion with the patient and a multidisciplinary discussion with the heart team, consisting of cardiovascular surgery, interventional cardiology, and vascular surgery, a percutaneous approach was chosen. He underwent successful multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention followed by fistula embolization.
Machine learning-based approach to the risk assessment of potentially preventable outpatient cancer treatment-related emergency care and hospitalizations.

333Background: Patients undergoing outpatient infusion chemotherapy for cancer are at risk for potentially preventable, unplanned acute care in the form of emergency department (ED) visits and hosp...
School Vouchers in North Carolina 2014 - 2020

This report presents descriptive and numerical information about the school voucher program in North Carolina, entitled the Opportunity Scholarship program, for the years 2014 - 2020. Program design, legal requirements, costs, student participation, school participation, and program evaluation are included. The author presents an analysis of the program as well as recommendations for change.