cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
International market segmentation analysis of a new meat product

There exists various barriers to export for many small food processing firms. However, the opportunities to establish profitable market outlets in foreign countries by small food processing companies is attractive to many of these firms. This paper reports on the international market assessment of a new meat product. Specifically, a market segmentation analysis of bison was performed in France. Results are provided to assist bison processors/retailers in developing: 1) target customer profiles; 2) specific marketing strategies; and 3) strategies for restaurants, meat stores, and food processors/manufacturers. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cholangiocarcinoma and High-Grade Dysplasia in Young Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is very often an adulthood disease with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) as one of the risk factors. It is rarely seen in the pediatric population, and when it is diagnosed before adulthood, it can be associated with PSC as well as HIV infection, biliary atresia, radiation therapy, and choledochal cyst. Although there have been some case reports of pediatric CCA, cases of childhood CCA associated with PSC are still relatively rare. To describe the clinical and pathologic features of CCA in pediatric patients with previously diagnosed PSC. Retrospective study Four patients with PSC (age range 15–18, mean 17 years) were included in this study. All patients underwent ERCP for diagnosis. Tissue samples obtained included routine cytology and FISH. ERCP was used to target sites for tissue acquisition in all patients. 3/4 of patients have inflammatory bowel disease (two Crohn’s disease and one ulcerative colitis). Alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 3/4 patients, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase were elevated in 2/4 patients, and total bilirubin/direct bilirubin were elevated in 2/4 patients. 4/4 patients had positive FISH studies, and 3/4 patients had brush cytology concerning for CCA. 2/4 patients received chemotherapy, one patient underwent orthotopic liver transplant, and one patient underwent Whipple procedure. Two patients died soon after being diagnosed. Young patients with PSC can develop CCA. This finding has implications for both screening and surveillance for cancer in pediatric patients with PSC.
Technical Analysis of Teacher Responses to the Self-Evaluation Scale-Teacher (SES-T) Version

The Self-Evaluation Scale—Teacher version, used to assess teacher perceived self-esteem of students, was analyzed. A unidimensional model emerged from exploratory factor analysis, with cautious acceptance of data fit. Reliability and external aspects of validity were supported by the Self-Evaluation Scale—Teacher data.
A simple sequencing algorithm for mixed-model assembly lines in just-in-time production systems

The commonly accepted objective for sequencing a mixed-model assembly line in a just-in-time (JIT) production system is to maintain a near-constant production rate for every model in the line. This article provides an extremely simple algorithm to solve this problem. The repeating property of the new algorithm is also given.
Heavy Metal Reductions in Soils Amended With Compost and Water Treatment Residuals

The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of rice straw compost, water treatment residuals (WTR), and their mixture (2:1 and 1:1 wet weight), on heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soils and on growth of canola (Brassica napus). The results showed that the Pb, Cd and Zn concentrations were significantly reduced in the root and shoot of canola plant grown with the application of rice straw compost and WTR amendment. Extractability of the metals was also significantly reduced in this treatment compared with the control. The dry weight and root depth of canola plants were significantly increased with the application WTR and compost treatments at two levels 10 or 20 mg kg−1 soil compared with the control. The addition of compost and WTR (2:1 or 1:1 wet weight ratio) at 10 g dry weight kg−1 dry soil gave the best reduction in the soil metal extractability and in plant growth compared with other treatments. Thus, the combination of rice straw compost and WTR was successful in lowering the b...
Identification of the domains of photoincorporation of the 3'- and 7-benzophenone analogues of taxol in the carboxyl-terminal half of murine mdr1b P-glycoprotein.

P-glycoprotein is an ATP-dependent drug-efflux pump that can transport a diverse range of structurally and functionally unrelated hydrophobic compounds across the plasma membrane. The transporter i...
Role of the Wada test and functional magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative mapping of language and memory: two atypical cases

The Wada test is an invasive procedure used to determine cerebral memory and language dominance as well as risk of cognitive deficits following neurosurgery. However, the potential risks of Wada testing have led some to consider foregoing Wada testing in candidates for resective epilepsy surgery with right hemispheric seizure onset. We present two atypical cases in which the Wada test showed unexpected memory and language lateralization. These cases underscore the importance of functional magnetic resonance in which imaging and Wada examination in right-handed individuals even when the lesion would not suggest atypical language representation.
A method of evaluating the hydrologic effects of land use on large watersheds

This paper presents a method for subdividing the total flood hydrograph into separate hydrographs for surface, subsurface, and ground-water runoff. A unit hydrograph is derived by considering surface and subsurface runoff contributing simultaneously by unit time periods. The total flood hydrograph as modified by a land-use program is computed by using the above derived unit hydrograph, ground-water relations, and changes in land use.
Trends in the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections

Invasive fungal infections have increased in importance, largely because of the increasing size of the population at risk. Candida species remain the fourth most important cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Infections with Candida species other than C. albicans appear to have become more common, but significant geographic variation has been reported. Invasive aspergillosis and other mould infections are a leading cause of infection-related death in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Although Aspergillus fumigatus remains the most frequent cause of infection, A. terreus has emerged as an important pathogen, at least among certain populations. Despite marked reductions in the rates of AIDS-associated fungal infections, such as cryptococcosis, in the United States and other developed countries, the burden of these diseases in developing countries is large and increasing. Enhanced surveillance and reporting will be critical to improve our understanding of the importance of invasive fungal infections, to enable prioritization of research and prevention efforts, and to evaluate prevention strategies.
81Br-nmr studies of carbonic anhydrase

Abstract 81Br nmr measurements have been made on high (bovine; BCA) and low (human-B; HCAB) specific activity forms of carbonic anhydrase and on a chemically modified form of the human enzyme (carboxyamidomethyl; CAM-HCAB). The high specific activity form of the enzyme, BCA, exhibits a 81Br line broadening which is determined by the lifetime of Br− bound to the zinc ion of the enzyme. The low specific activity form of the enzyme, HCAB, under similar conditions of concentration, pH, etc., does not exhibit a 81Br nmr line broadening. Cl − Br − competitive binding studies, using 35Cl nmr, suggests that the failure to observe 81Br broadening is due to an increase in the lifetime of a zinc bound Br−. An increase in this lifetime by a factor of 10–100 over that exhibited by BCA is sufficient to abolish the line broadening. A modified form of HCAB, CAM-HCAB, does, however, exhibit a 81Br nmr line broadening. Estimates of the lifetime of zinc bound Br−, τM, are 4 × 10−7 sec. for CAM-HCAB at pH 8 and 1 × 10−7 sec. for BCA at pH 7. The lifetime for Br− bound to HCAB is estimated to be ≥10−6 sec.
It's the Pedagogy, Stupid: Lessons from an iPad Lending Program

To encourage the use of technology in the classroom, an equipment lending program was initiated within the Faculty Technology Resources Center at the University of Cincinnati. Faculty were asked to evaluate the utility of various tablet computers.
Palmitoylation of Proteolipid Protein from Rat Brain Myelin Using Endogenously Generated 18O-Fatty Acids

Proteolipid protein (PLP), the major protein of central nervous system myelin, contains covalently bound fatty acids, predominantly palmitic acid. This study adapts a stable isotope technique (Kuwae, T., Schmid, P. C., Johnson, S. B., and Schmid, H. O. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 5002–5007) to quantitatively determine the minimal proportion of PLP molecules which undergo palmitoylation. In these experiments, brain white matter slices from 20-day-old rats were incubated for up to 6 h in a physiological buffer containing 50% H218O. The uptake of 18O into the carbonyl groups of fatty acids derived from PLP, phospholipids, and the free fatty acid pool was measured by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of the respective methyl esters. Palmitic acid derived from PLP acquired increasing amounts of 18O, ending with 2.9% 18O enrichment after 6 h of incubation.18O incorporation into myelin free palmitic acid also increased over the course of the incubation (67.2% 18O enrichment). After correcting for the specific activity of the18O-enriched free palmitic acid pool, 7.6% of the PLP molecules were found to acquire palmitic acid in 6 h. This value is not only too large to be the result of the palmitoylation of newly synthesized PLP molecules, it was also unchanged upon the inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. 18O enrichment in less actively myelinating 60-day-old rats was significantly reduced. In conclusion, our experiments suggest that a substantial proportion of PLP molecules acquire palmitic acid via an acylation/deacylation cycle and that this profile changes during development.
REACTION OF ALANINE RACEMASE WITH 1-AMINOETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID FORMS A STABLE EXTERNAL ALDIMINE,

(R)-1-Aminoethylphosphonic acid (l-Ala-P), a synthetic l-alanine analogue, has antibacterial activity and is a time-dependent inactivator of all purified Gram-positive bacterial alanine racemases that have been tested. l-Ala-P forms an external aldimine with the bound pyridoxal 5‘-phosphate (PLP) cofactor, but is neither racemized nor efficiently hydrolyzed. To understand the structural basis of the inactivation of the enzyme by l-Ala-P, we determined the crystal structure of the complex between l-Ala-P and alanine racemase at 1.6 A resolution. The cofactor derivative in the inhibited structure tilts outward from the protein approximately 20° relative to the internal aldimine. The phosphonate oxygens are within hydrogen bonding distance of four amino acid residues and two water molecules in the active site of the enzyme. l-Ala-P is an effective inhibitor of alanine racemase because, upon formation of the external aldimine, the phosphonate group interacts with putative catalytic residues, thereby rendering...
Using self-organizing maps adaptive resonance theory (CARTMAP) for manufacturing feature recognition

The invariant image preprocessing of moment invariants generates an invariant representation of object features which are insensitive to position, orientation, size, illusion, and contrast change. In this study ARTMAP is used for 3-D object recognition of manufacturing parts through these invariant characteristics. The analog of moment invariants created through the image preprocessing is interpreted by a binary code which is used to predict the manufacturing part through ARTMAP.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The linear sampling method for the acceleration of the level set algorithm

The robust shape reconstruction level set algorithm has proven its capability for reconstructing the exact shape and location of unknown 2D and 3D targets. However, the computational time of the level set algorithm can be extensive especially for complex multi-scale targets. In order to eliminate this burden, the qualitative Linear Sampling Method (LSM) is investigated to generate the initial guess for the level set algorithm. In this case, the obtained results show a reduction of almost 90% of the CPU time required by the level set algorithm.
CD20 Trek: the next generation

Comment on Teeling et al, page [1793][1] A collaboration between investigators in basic science and biotechnology has produced a new set of human mAbs which may have superior efficacy in the immunotherapy of B-cell lymphoma. T eeling and colleagues have demonstrated that slower may be better when
Extracellular and intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate in cancer

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was first described as a signaling molecule over 20 years ago. Since then, great strides have been made to reveal its vital roles in vastly different cellular and disease processes. Initially, S1P was considered nothing more than the terminal point of sphingolipid metabolism; however, over the past two decades, a large number of reports have helped unveil its full potential as an important regulatory, bioactive sphingolipid metabolite. S1P has a plethora of physiological functions, due in part to its many sites of actions and its different pools, which are both intra- and extracellular. S1P plays pivotal roles in many physiological processes, including the regulation of cell growth, migration, autophagy, angiogenesis, and survival, and thus, not surprisingly, S1P has been linked to cancer. In this review, we will summarize the vast body of knowledge, highlighting the connection between S1P and cancer. We will also suggest new avenues for future research.
Empirical potential for hydrocarbons for use in simulating the chemical vapor deposition of diamond films

An empirical many-body potential-energy expression is developed for hydrocarbons that can model intramolecular chemical bonding in a variety of small hydrocarbon molecules as well as graphite and diamond lattices. The potential function is based on Tersoff's covalent-bonding formalism with additional terms that correct for an inherent overbinding of radicals and that include nonlocal effects. Atomization energies for a wide range of hydrocarbon molecules predicted by the potential compare well to experimental values. The potential correctly predicts that the \ensuremath{\pi}-bonded chain reconstruction is the most stable reconstruction on the diamond {111} surface, and that hydrogen adsorption on a bulk-terminated surface is more stable than the reconstruction. Predicted energetics for the dimer reconstructed diamond {100} surface as well as hydrogen abstraction and chemisorption of small molecules on the diamond {111} surface are also given. The potential function is short ranged and quickly evaluated so it should be very useful for large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations of reacting hydrocarbon molecules.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Potato Tuber Slices in Relation to Respiratory Changes with Age.

The respiration of slices of a variety of bulky storage tissues rises gradually three to fourfold within a day of cutting (7, 8,9, 10). The respiration rate of fresh tissue can be sharply raised with 2,4 dinitrophenol, however, as demonstrated in chicory and potato slices. Both the age-induced and DNPinduced respiration increments are inhibited by malonate. It has been shown that whereas malate restores the respiration of malonate inhibited aged chicory slices to the normal level, malate is virtually without effect upon the respiration rate of 2,4 dinitrophenol-treated, malonate-inhibited fresh tissue (9). The foregoing observation suggested that the respiration of fresh storage organ slices may be limited by the levels of endogenous nucleotides, particularly NAD. However NAD concentrations were not ascertainable by the methods used in the foregoing study. In the present study NAD levels of fresh and aged potato slices were determined and the effect of NAD on the oxidation of organic acids by mitochondria isolated from fresh and aged tissue was studied.
The failure of hydrogen peroxide to improve function in ischemically depressed myocardium.

Abstract The hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide might lend inotropic support to ischemically depressed myocardium was critically tested in a canine model. a coronary branch was perfused at reduced flow to depress mechanical function. Since hydrogen peroxide infusion into the perfusate failed to alter at segment's contractile force, it was concluded that the previously described beneficial effects of hydrogen peroxide infusions are probably not related to a restoration of contractility ischemic myocardium.
Eosinophilic panniculitis : Diagnostic considerations and evaluation

Background: Eosinophilic panniculitis is characterized by a prominent infiltration of subcutaneous fat with eosinophils. It has been identified in patients who have a variety of associated clinical conditions. Objective: Our purpose was to describe clinical conditions associated with eosinophilic panniculitis. Methods: We describe five patients with eosinophilic panniculitis. These patients had a varietyof clinical conditions including arthropod bites, gnathostomiasis, and polyarteritis nodosa. We review the literature on patients with eosinophilic panniculitis. Results: Eosinophilic panniculitis most often presents as a nodule. Gnathostomiasis, leukocytoclasticvasculitis, and erythema nodosum appear to be the most common conditions associated with eosinophilic panniculitis. Other disorders include atopic and contact dermatitis, eosinophilic cellulitis, injection granuloma, arthropod bites, streptococcal and other bacterial infections, toxocariasis, B- and T-cell lymphoma, and refractory anemia with excess blasts. Conclusion: Once a diagnosis of eosinophilic panniculitis has been established, appropriateevaluation for an associated clinical condition should be performed.
Dimensions of physical frailty and cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to examine relationships between dimensions of physical frailty and severity of cognitive impairment in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Patients and methods The prevalence of physical frailty dimensions including slow gait speed, low physical activity, and low grip strength was examined among 201 sedentary older adults with aMCI. Associations between dimensions of physical frailty and severity of cognitive impairment, as measured with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and individual dimensions of cognitive function were examined using multiple linear regression models. Results Greater than 50% of participants met physical frailty criteria on dimensions of slow gait speed, low physical activity and low grip strength. Slower gait speed was associated with elevated severity of cognitive impairment. Both gait speed and physical activity were associated with individual dimensions cognitive function. Conclusions Dimensions of physical frailty, particularly gait speed, were associated with severity of cognitive impairment, after adjusting for age, sex and age-related factors. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms and early intervention strategies that assist older adults with aMCI to maintain function and independence.
Identification of FUSE-binding protein 1 as a regulatory mRNA-binding protein that represses nucleophosmin translation

Nucleophosmin (NPM/B23) is a multifunctional oncoprotein whose protein expression levels dictate cellular growth and proliferation rates. NPM is translationally responsive to hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, but the mechanism of this regulation is not understood. Using chimeric translational reporters, we found that the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the NPM messenger (m)RNA is sufficient to mediate its translational modulation by mTOR signalling. We show that far upstream element (FUSE)-binding protein 1 (FBP1) interacts specifically with the 3' UTR of NPM to repress translation. Overexpression of FBP1 resulted in translational repression of NPM mRNAs, whereas depletion of FBP1 caused a dramatic increase in NPM translation and resulted in enhanced overall cell proliferation. Thus, we propose that FBP1 is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation through its ability to selectively bind the NPM 3' UTR and repress NPM translation.
Liquid film enhanced laser cleaning

Abstract ‘Liquid Film Enhanced Laser Cleaning” is a technique to remove particulate contamination from surfaces. A thin liquid film deposited onto the contaminated surface is flood irradiated with a short laser pulse. The resulting sudden evaporation of the liquid film leads to high transient explosive forces, large enough to expel even submicron particles from the surface. For instance 0.1μm alumina particles could efficiently be removed from a silicon surface with KrF excimer laser irradiation of 16 ns pulse length and 120 mJ/cm 2 energy density.
The Relative Effectiveness of a Symbolic and a Concrete Model in Learning a Selected Mathematical Principle

Mathematical ideas taught in the elementary school can be represented by at least two types of models: concrete (manipulative or enactive) and symbolic. Although there has been much theoretical discussion concerning the value of concrete models in enhancing learning (Kieren, 1969), empirical data are just beginning to accumulate that give some information concerning the efficacy of concrete models (Kieren, 1971), and such data are far from conclusive.
The utility of routine admission chest X-ray films on patient care

Abstract Background Routine chest X-rays are the most widely obtained radiological studies during hospital admissions. In this study, we evaluated the utility of routine admission chest X-rays on patient care in patients admitted to The Brooklyn Hospital center. Methods We included consecutive patients admitted to the medical floors during a 4-month period who had a chest X-ray done on admission. The medical records of patients who had chest X-ray on admission were reviewed to identify any impact of chest X-ray on patient care during the course of hospitalization. Results Chest X-ray was noted to be done in 229 patients on admission. Chest X-rays of 100 (43.6%) patients were deemed medically necessary because of the presenting complaints which included cough (15.2%), fever (13.1%), dyspnea (6.1%), hemoptysis (1.7%), and combined symptoms (7.4%). Routine chest X-rays were done in 129 (56.3%) patients to rule out occult findings in the absence of any symptoms. Chest X-ray abnormalities were noted in 56 of 129 (43.4%) patients. In 51 of 56 patients, abnormalities were chronic, stable and previously known and did not contribute to patient care. In only 5 of 129 (3.87%) patients, there were findings which necessitated a change in patient care. Conclusion We conclude that routine chest films rarely reveal clinically unsuspected findings. The overall impact on patient care based on these findings is small when compared to the risks associated with repeated exposure to radiation. We recommend that routine chest X-ray films should not be ordered solely because of hospital admission.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 47

Abstract Nuclear structure data available through May 1977 are compiled, and adopted level properties are given. The bulk of the data is presented pictorially for easy comparison. Experimental details, references, and additional comments, where required, are given in the text. All drawings, tables, and comments are reproduced from the computerized Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). Any additions or corrections desired by the users should be addressed to the compilers for maintenance and updating of the computer file.
Structural biology: Images from the surface of HIV

Human and monkey immunodeficiency viruses are studded with ‘spikes’ that enable them to infect cells. Structural studies reveal that these spikes are tripod-like assemblies that cluster on the virus surface. Cryoelectron microscopy tomography has revealed the protein spikes on the surface of HIV-1 in unprecedented detail. These are the spikes that allow the virus to bind and fuse with human immune cells so effectively. Each virion has an average of 14 spikes; some of the spikes are clustered (pictured here), a feature that has implications for the mechanisms of viral assembly, infectivity and neutralization. And there was a surprise. The spike stalk was assumed to consist of three rods tightly bound together with the head of the spike on the top. In fact it is split into three legs, in a tripod-like pattern that maximizes contact with the viral membrane.
Advice for Decision Makers Based on an Electronic Health Record Evaluation at a Program for All-inclusive Care for Elders Site

Objective: Provide evidence-based advise to “Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly” (PACE) decision makers considering implementing an electronic health record (EHR) system, drawing on the results of a mixed methods study to examine: the diffusion of an EHR among clinicians documenting direct patient care in a PACE day care site, the impact of the use of the EHR on the satisfaction levels of clinicians, and the impact of the use of the EHR on patient functional outcomes. Methods: Embedded mixed methods design with a post-test design quantitative experiment and concurrent qualitative component. Quantitative methods included: the EHR audit log used to determine the frequency and timing during the week of clinicians’ usage of the system; a 22-item clinician satisfaction survey; and a 16-item patient functional outcome questionnaire related to locomotion, mobility, personal hygiene, dressing, feeding as well the use of adaptive devices. Qualitative methods included observations and open-ended, semi-structured follow-up interviews. Qualitative data was merged with the quantitative data by comparing the findings along themes. The setting was a PACE utilizing an EHR in Philadelphia: PACE manages the care of nursing-home eligible members to enable them to avoid nursing home admission and reside in their homes. Participants were 39 clinicians on the multi-disciplinary teams caring for the elders and 338 PACE members. Results: Clinicians did not use the system as intended, which may help to explain why the benefits related to clinical processes and patient outcomes as expected for an EHR were not reflected in the results. Clinicians were satisfied with the EHR, although there was a non-significant decline between 11 and 17 months post implementation of the EHR. There was no significant difference in patient functional outcome the two time periods. However, the sample size of 48 was too small to allow any conclusive statements to be made. Interpretation of findings underscores the importance of the interaction of workflow and EHR functionality and usability to impact clinician satisfaction, efficiency, and clinician use of the EHR. Conclusion: This research provides insights into EHR use in the care of the older people in community-based health care settings. This study assessed the adoption of an EHR outside the acute hospital setting and in the community setting to provide evidence-based recommendations to PACE decision makers considering implementing an EHR.
Identification of a novel 5-HTN (Nematoda) receptor from Ascaris suum muscle.

Abstract The abilities of various setotonergic drugs to bind with the 5-HT receptor of Ascaris suum muscle and to affect cyclic AMP levels in muscle tissue were examined. 2. Ligands which selectively interact with either the 5-HT 1 or the 5-HT 2 receptor in mammalian systems interact with the 5-HT receptor from A. suum muscle and increase cyclic AMP levels. 3. No binding of 5-HT3 tigands to 5-HT receptors from A. suum muscle was observed. 4. The 5-HT receptor of A. suum muscle should be called the 5-HT N (for Nematoda) receptor because its pharmacological and biochemical behaviors were different from those of mammalian 5-HT receptors.
INFER: a relational query language without the complexity of SQL

The INFER query language allows users to express queries without referencing relations or specifying joins. Since the INFER syntax is similar to but less restrictive than SQL, users can easily write highly expressive queries that are automatically completed by INFER's inference engine. INFER's SQL-based syntax is familiar to current database users, and its improved ranking and query explanation system makes it easier to use.
Calcium-dependent interaction of S100B with the C-terminal domain of the tumor suppressor p53.

Abstract In vitro, the S100B protein interacts with baculovirus recombinant p53 protein and protects p53 from thermal denaturation. This effect is isoform-specific and is not observed with S100A1, S100A6, or calmodulin. Using truncated p53 proteins in the N-terminal (p531–320) and C-terminal (p5373–393) domains, we localized the S100B-binding region to the C-terminal region of p53. We have confirmed a calcium-dependent interaction of the S100B with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of p53 (residues 319–393 in human p53) using plasmon resonance experiments on a BIAcore system. In the presence of calcium, the equilibrium affinity of the S100B for the C-terminal region of p53 immobilized on the sensor chip was 24 ± 10 nm. To narrow down the region within p53 involved in S100B binding, two synthetic peptides, O1357–381 (residues 357–381 in mouse p53) and YF-O2320–346 (residues 320–346 in mouse p53), covering the C-terminal region of p53 were compared for their interaction with purified S100B. Only YF-O2 peptide interacts with S100B with high affinity. The YF-O2 motif is a critical determinant for the thermostability of p53 and also corresponds to a domain responsible for cytoplasmic sequestration of p53. Our results may explain the rescue of nuclear wild type p53 activities by S100B in fibroblast cell lines expressing the temperature-sensitive p53val135 mutant at the nonpermissive temperature.
Old English Literature and Feminist Theory: A State of the Field

Feminist and gender scholars working in Anglo-Saxon studies in the past ten years have been asking new and important questions of a variety of Old English and Anglo-Latin texts. Most crucially, this interdisciplinary new work redefines the historiographical paradigms of Anglo-Saxon cultural production and reception so that women must now be regularly included in discussions of Anglo-Saxon cultural agency. This paradigm shift can and should inform broader cultural understandings of the history of gender relations, despite current communication problems among the varied subfields of medieval studies and gender studies. Furthermore, the pedagogy of both medievalists and faculty specializing in later periods must be informed by this shift as well.
A long-term perspective of dissolved organic carbon transport in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics were examined over five years (1989–1993) in Sycamore Creek, a Sonoran Desert stream, specifically focusing on DOC concentration in surface and hyporheic waters, and rates of export. In 1989 and 1990, the years of lowest stream discharge (0.08 and 0.04 m3 s−1 annual mean of daily discharge, respectively), DOC was high, averaging 7.37 and 6.22 mgC l−1 (weighted annual means). In contrast, from 1991 through 1993, a period of increased flow (1.1, 1.2 and 4.3 m3 s−1), concentration was significantly lower (P<0.001) with annual mean concentrations of 3.54, 3.49 and 3.39 mgC l−1. Concentration exhibited little spatial variation between two sampling stations located 6 km apart along the mainstem or between surface and hyporheic waters. Annual export of DOC from Sycamore Creek varied 100-fold over the five-year period from a mean rate of only 24 kgC d−1 in 1990 to 2100 kgC d−1 in 1993. Ninety percent of DOC was exported by flows greater than 2.8 m3 s−1, and 50% during flows greater than 27 m3 s−1; flows of 2.8 and 24 m3 s−1 occurred only 9 and 1% of the time. The export of organic matter in Sycamore Creek appears to be coupled to El Nino-Southern Oscillation phenomena. The years of highest export, 1991–1993, had El Nino conditions while 1989 and 1990 had medial conditions.
Genetic and environmental predictors of early alcohol use.

Background The goal of the current investigation was to examine genetic and environmental predictors of early alcohol use, a potent predictor of later alcohol dependence. Methods This study represents an add-on project to an investigation examining the efficacy of an intervention for maltreated children entering out-of-home care. Predictors of early alcohol use include the following: maltreatment, family loading for alcohol or substance-use disorders, and serotonin transporter genotype (5-HTTLPR; locus SLC6A4). Participants included 127 subjects: 76 maltreated children and 51 demographically matched community controls. Results At follow-up, 29% of the maltreated children reported alcohol use, a rate more than seven times the rate observed in controls. Maltreated children also drank alcohol, on average, more than 2 years earlier than controls (11.2 vs. 13.5 years). Early alcohol use was predicted by maltreatment, 5-HTTLPR, and a gene by environment interaction, with increased risk for early alcohol use associated with the s-allele. Psychopathology at baseline, severity of maltreatment, and poor mother–child relations also predicted early alcohol use. Conclusions Maltreated children are at high risk for psychiatric, alcohol, and substance abuse problems. Examination of genetic and environmental risk and protective factors can help identify those who are most vulnerable and help guide prevention and intervention efforts.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN NATURAL WATERS1

Winkler method for dissolved oxygen analysis. Limnol. Oceanog., 10: 135-140. CARRITT, D. E., AND J. H. CARPENTER. 1966. Comparison and evaluation of currently employed modifications of the Winkler method for determining dissolved oxygen in seawater; a NASCO report. J. Marine Res., 24: 286318. CLINE, J. D. 1968. Kinetics of the sulfide-oxygen reaction in seawater; An investigation at constant temperature and salinity. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Washington, Seattle. 68 p. CUSTER, J. J., AND S. NATELSO?\T. 1949. Spectrophotometric determination of microquantities of iodine. Anal. Chem., 21: 1005-1009. THOMPSON, T. G., AND R. J. ROBINSON. 1939. Notes on the determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water. J. Marine Res., 2: 1-8. WHEATLAND, A. B., AND L. J. SMITH. 1955. Gasometric determination of dissolved oxygen in pure and saline water as a check of titrimetric methods. J. Appl. Chem. (London), 5: 144-148. WINKLER, L. W. 1888. Die Bestimmung des im Wasser gelosten Sauerstoffes. Chem. Ber., 21: 2843-2855.
Extraction of some heavier lanthanides in acidic chloride solutions by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid☆

Abstract Equilibrium data have been obtained for the systems MCl 3 HClH 2 O-1 M D2EHPA (in Amsco Odorless Mineral Spirits), where M is used to designate the trivalent lanthanides Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb, over a wide concentration range of the lanthanide chloride in aqueous solution. For a particular acidity and a given lanthanide concentration in the aqueous phase, the extractability increased as the atomic number of the lanthanide increased. Equilibrium acid concentration was used as a parameter for the equilibrium curves. The general shape of these curves changed as the aqueous acid concentration increased from 1·4 M HCl to 5·0 M HCl. The separation factor of Dy with respect to Gd, β Dy,Gd , was also obtained in acidic chloride solutions. The total lanthanide chloride concentration, the total acidity, and the molar ratio of GdCl 3 to DyCl 3 in the equilibrium aqueous phase had only slight effect on the separation factor. The separation factor was in the range of 9–13 for the conditions studied. It was found that Yb and Lu were not removed from the organic phase by stripping four times with double volumes of 6 M HCl and other methods of back-extracting which have been previously used. A 20 per cent hydrofluoric acid solution, however, completely removed the solute from the organic phase as the insoluble fluoride.
High-NA swing curve effects

The periodic variations of dose-to-clear, reflection and CD with resist thickness are well known phenomena commonly known as swing curves. Proper process control dictates that the resist thickness is chosen at a swing extreme, so as to reduce dose variation. Swing curves are commonly calculated for normal incidence waves. The recent trends toward high NA optics and use of off-axis illumination introduce oblique waves into the swing curve problem. Significant shifts in the magnitude and the phase of the different swing curves are now possible, and these shifts depend on exposure illumination configuration. This paper will discuss the impact of oblique waves on the swing curve. Experimental swing curves for both 248 and 193nm resist processes will be compared with expectations from simulations.
Mediastinal lymph node dissection for non-small cell lung cancer.

doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.03.037 The report by Yoshimasu and associates 1 is an analysis of 58 patients, selected from a pool of 308, who underwent surgical intervention for primary lung cancer at their university. As an alternative to complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy at the time of pulmonary resection, they sampled one lymph node from each of three stations. They justify this partial dissection by citing a previous study that showed this method to be 94.5% accurate. The authors conclude that this limited dissection of the three stations “seems more practical and convenient” than sentinel lymph node mapping. Additionally, they conclude their findings validate limited mediastinal lymph node dissection. Because the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z0030 study, a randomized trial that looked at more than 1000 patients and compared lymph node sampling with lymph node dissection, found no increase in morbidity or mortality from lymph node dissection, there seems little benefit to limiting a mediastinal lymph node dissection. The status of thoracic lymph nodes is the main determinant of outcome for a patient with a resectable lung cancer. Without lymph node involvement, cure rates of 70% to 90% can be expected. With lymph node involvement limited to the N1 lymph nodes, a 40% to 50% 5-year survival can be expected. Unfortunately, N2 lymph node involvement portends a poor 5-year survival. Thus accurate mediastinal nodal staging is critical to predicting long-term survival. Furthermore, with the recent finding that patients with N1 or N2 involvement are helped by postoperative chemotherapy, incomplete or inaccurate nodal staging could potentially prevent some patients from receiving beneficial postoperative chemotherapy. Removing a few lymph nodes from selected nodal stations on the basis of what lobe the cancer is in adds confusion and complicates an operation. Because there is not an increased risk of complications from a mediastinal nodal dissection, all of the mediastinal lymph nodes should be removed. As thoracic surgeons specializing in lung cancer treatment, we should encourage complete lymph node resection during pulmonary resections for lung cancer. The disturbing report by Little presented at the recent Society of Thoracic Surgeons meeting in January of 2005 highlights the need for change. He reviewed the pattern of surgical care in more than 11,000 patients with lung cancer. Analysis revealed that only 34% of patients had any lymph node biopsy. That is not a typographical error. No lymph nodes were sampled in 66% of patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer! Before we try to decide whether we should sample three stations, do a sentinal lymph node dissection, or do some other limited resection, we should encourage surgeons to be sure that all patients surgically treated for lung cancer have at least some lymph nodes examined. Whether a complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy will improve long-term survival awaits the result of the ACOSOG multicenter trial. This will likely take 4 to 5 years, while follow-up
The prosthetic bladder

Bladder reconstruction may be required in a variety of pathological conditions, including bladder cancer, irradiation cystitis, interstitial cystitis, tuberculosis, and various congenital anomalies. Currently, bladder reconstruction is done with an autogenous bowel segment. Use of a total prosthetic bladder as an intracorporeal urinary reservoir has been an elusive goal for many decades. Many investigational and a few clinical trials have been performed in an attempt to develop a near-nornal bladder prosthesis utilizing alloplastic materials. To date the ideal prosthetic bladder has not been developed. However, cumulative experimental studies suggest that many, perhaps all, of the ideal functional characteristics of a total prosthetic bladder are possible. Basically, two different alloplastic models have been investigated.
Venous invasion may predict lymph node metastasis in early rectal cancer.

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of histopathological and demographic characteristics in predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum confined to the mucosal and submucosal layers. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with early rectal cancer underwent resection of the rectum including lymph nodes and five showed lymph node metastasis (8.6%). Pathology slides of these patients were reviewed by a single pathologist. Demographic and clinical characteristics of these 59 patients were correlated with the existence of nodal metastasis. Formal tests of comparability were carried out by using Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression models were fitted to data to examine possible relationships with 12 covariates measured from each patient and to obtain corresponding odds ratios (as well as a 95% confidence interval for the odds ratios). These covariates included age at surgery, gender, morphology, histology, degree of differentiation, Haggitt's classification for polyps according to the level of invasion, lymphatic and venous invasion, desmoplastic reaction, degree of lymphocytic invasion, presence of lymphoid follicles and presence of infiltrating or pushing margins. Results: A significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis occurs in the presence of venous invasion ( P Conclusions: Only the presence of venous invasion was found to be highly significant. The odds ratio of lymph node metastasis increased 18-fold for a patient who had venous invasion compared with a patient who did not. This suggests that the presence of venous invasion in early rectal cancer may provide valuable information to determine which patients would benefit from radical surgery, or adjuvant radiation therapy after sphincter-sparing surgery owing to an increased risk of lymph node metastasis.
TU‐G‐110‐03: Optimal Techniques for Dual Energy and Spectral Breast Computed Tomography with an Iodinated Contrast Agent

Purpose: To investigate the optimal techniques for dual energy and spectral breast computed tomography with an iodinated contrast agent.Methods: Simulations were performed for three CTsystems. The first system was based on a CsI flat panel detector and used a dual kVp technique. The second and third systems were based on a CZT photon countingdetector with energy resolution and single kVp technique. The first CZT system used a single threshold to separate photons from one acquisition into either low or high energy images. The second CZT system used multiple thresholds to separate photons from one acquisition into one of five energy images. Iodine images for the dual kVp system and the two energy CZT system were generated under the assumption that a linear three material decomposition contains glandular tissue, adipose tissue and iodine. For the second CZT system, iodine images were generated using an iterative likelihood maximization algorithm. Beam energies ranging from 40 to 140 kVp were simulated for all systems. A figure‐of‐merit (FOM), defined as the dual energy signal‐to‐noise ratio of contrast in the iodine image divided by the square root of mean glandular dose, was used to quantify imaging performance. Results: The highest FOM, normalized to 1.0, was seen with the two energy CZT system at a beam energy of 40 kVp. Performance from the five energy CZT system was highest at 46 kVp with an FOM value of 0.75. The FOM of the dual kVp was maximized at beam energies of 48 kVp and 140 kVp with a value of 0.28. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a CZT based CTsystem of either configuration could potentially produce images of significantly higher quality than that of a comparable flat panel based dual energy CTsystem.
Insights into the Solvent Dependence of Chymotryptic Prochiral Selectivity

In a previous publication (Ke, T.; Wescott, C. R.; Klibanov, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3366−3374), we discovered and rationalized mechanistically a marked solvent dependence of chymotrypsin's prochiral selectivity in the acylation of 2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,3-propanediol with vinyl acetate. In this study, we have answered several important unresolved questions concerning that phenomenon. It has been found that the solvent dependence of prochiral selectivity is dominated by that of (kcat/KM)pro-R, and this finding has been explained on the basis of a computer modeling analysis of pro-R and pro-S transition-state structures. There is no correlation between the solvent-induced changes of kcat/KM values and those of either kcat or KM individually, presumably reflecting the complex nature of the latter two parameters. Finally, the observed metamorphosis of chymotrypsin from a nonselective to a highly selective catalyst upon variation in the solvent is not attained at the expense of lowered enzymatic...
Metabolic integration during the host associations of multicellular animal endoparasites

Abstract 1. 1. The nature of metabolic interaction during parasitic infection was discussed and the concept of metabolic integration outlined. The subjective nature of the integrative argument was noted. 2. 2. The parasite-host relationships of larval trematodes of the genus Schistosoma with their intermediate molluscan hosts, the nematode Trichnella spiralis and cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, with their definitive hosts, as well as the hymenopterous insect parasite, Hyposoter exiguae, with its insect host, Trichoplusia ni, were examined. 3. 3. The significance of the immune system in the establishment of the parasite-host association and the means by which parasites evade host defense were discussed. 4. 4. The involvement of microorganisms or “hyperparasites” during the host associations of multicellular parasites was described. 5. 5. The importance of evolutionary considerations in assessing the nature of metabolic interaction and its significance to the success of the parasite-host relationship was emphasized. The use of teleological assessment and anthropomorphic description was discussed.
Recent advances in treatment of acute mania

Standard and more recent advances in treatment of acute mania are reviewed with special emphasis on controlled studies. Lithium is still the drug of choice and the most common treatment for mania, but some of its limitations have become more apparent, and specific indications for its use are defined