cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engaging with Dr. Plankey-Videla’s We Are in This Dance Together: Gender, Power, and Globalization at a Mexican Garment Firm

Dr. Plankey-Videla provides a complex and thorough study of a Mexican global factory that reorganized to manufacture consent but instead manufactured militancy. In particular, she is able to capture how macro-level forces such as the global economy, dynamics of neoliberalism that promote the hiring of women as a presumably docile workforce, and labor control from the nation-state impact micro-level dynamics such as firm innovations in work arrangements, workers’ economic compensation, gender wage inequality, internal conflicts among laborers, as well as labor strikes. Dr. Plankey-Videla is able to establish these multifaceted connections between macroand micro-level processes by using a feminist ethnographic approach that involved complete immersion in her study site by laboring on the industrial sewing line and participating in strikes right along with the firm’s workers. Theoretically, Dr. Plankey-Videla interjected feminist theories into structural labor processes to not only explain hegemony on the shop floor, but also to show how workers interject their own subjectivities into the workplace. Through such a framework she was able to capture the changes that an internationally renowned firm underwent to transition from the traditional piece work system to an innovative reorganization of work arrangements involving ISSN: 1076-156X | Vol. # 21 No. 2 | http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2015.34 | jwsr.org
Vegetation change in the Mount St. Helens (U.S.A.) blast zone, 1979–1992

Abstract Mount St. Helens, Washington, erupted in May 1980 leaving thousands of acres “devastated”; by its lateral blast. Vegetation recovery has taken place through both natural processes and replanting efforts on corporate and public lands. However, an area‐wide assessment of vegetation change has been lacking. Landsat MSS data have been used to calculate NDVI for 1979 and for even years from 1980 through 1992, and to determine date‐to‐date NDVI change. The largest area showing major vegetation cover increase is Weyerhaeuser property to the northwest of the mountain. Initial analysis indicates that timing of replanting is the most important factor in determining vegetative cover increase—the faster an area was replanted after the eruption, the more recovery is evident. Three‐date images indicate rapid green‐up by 1986 in quickly replanted areas of the blast zone. Natural regeneration has been much slower, although it is evident in parts of the National Volcanic Monument.
Changes in the laryngeal signs of patients with reflux laryngitis: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded evaluation of omeprazole

Reflux laryngitis (RL) is becoming an increasingly reported clinical finding. Unfortunately, there are several problems associated with its diagnosis: total reliance on laryngeal symptoms leading to over-diagnosis, reliance on lower esophageal pH values for diagnosis leading to missed diagnosis, and lack of consensus on how to evaluate and rate the most sensitive laryngeal signs leading to questionable diagnosis. These are further aggravated by the inherent research problems of outcome study designs. The current study has used positive laryngeal symptoms and positive laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) for diagnosis. Fifty-three subjects with positive persistent RL symptoms for 2 months were recruited. Only 30 had positive LPR (>4 episodes of pH<4.0 in 24 h). The study was double blinded, and patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group (n=15, M/F=8:7, mean age 45.3, mean number of LPR episodes 15.0±2.9), or the omeprazole group (n=15, M/F=8:7, mean age 51.7, mean number of reflux episodes 14.2±2.6). Subjects received a sugar pill or omeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. (respectively) for 2 months. Seven laryngeal signs were rated from recorded laryngeal images with no information on patient identity or time of evaluation (entry, post-1 month and post-2 months). Intra-rater reliability varied across laryngeal parameters and across raters. The rater with the longest experience in laryngeal ratings had the highest intra-rater reliability scores. Also, inter-rater reliability values varied across laryngeal parameters, but were generally poor. Significant improvement in hoarseness and throat clearing were found in RL patients in the omeprazole group after 2 months of therapy. No similar significant improvement was found in any of the laryngeal signs in the omeprazole group after 2 months of therapy.
Evolution of the lubrication regime of a cylindrical journal bearing in the starting phase

Purpose – The paper aims to analyze the evolution of the lubrication regime by studying the variation of friction coefficient with the rotational speed of the shaft and the impact of the applied load in the starting phase of a cylindrical journal bearing. The paper also aims to ensure that the oil layer is large enough for the rough edges of the outer layer of the bushing and the shaft cannot come into contact. The bearing is made of steel backing material and babbitted (88 per cent tin) on its inner surface. Design/methodology/approach – A numerical analysis is performed taking into account the thermal effect to better predict the operating performance of a hydrodynamic plain cylindrical journal bearing during the start-up and observe the variation of the heat production in bushing inner surface. The flow is modeled based on the Reynolds equation and discretized using the finite volume method. Findings – The evolutions of the start-up speeds of the bearing have remarkable influence on friction torque; av...
Diffeomorphisms of manifolds with nonsingular Poincaré flows

In this paper we study the question of which countable amenable ergodic equivalence relations can be realized as C∞ group actions on manifolds. It has been proved that every countable equivalence relation which is amenable, nonsingular, and ergodic is orbit equivalent to an ergodic integer action on a measure space [CFW]. Katznelson showed that any ITPFI ergodic equivalence relation is orbit equivalent to some C∞ diffeomorphism of the circle. He also proved that every ergodic C^3 diffeomorphism of the circle generates an amenable ITPFI equivalence relation [Ka].
Planting flexibility: Implications for agricultural sustainability

There is a general belief that federal commodity programs restrict adoption of more sustainable production systems. In the 1990 farm legislation, Congress introduced limited planting flexibility to address these concerns and to reduce federal farm program costs. This program estimates the impact of planting flexibility on selected agricultural sustainability indicators and its policy implications. Results show that planting flexibility is a necessary but not sufficient condition for implementing more sustainable production systems. Other factors such as the availability of economically viable alternatives, macroeconomic conditions, and local resource and environmental concerns need to be considered. Policy reforms can help in achieving economic and environmental gains only in locations with economically viable alternatives. In other cases, increased research and development of new systems are needed to achieve desired results.
Advances and prospects for subunit vaccines against protozoa of veterinary importance

Protozoa are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in domestic and companion animals. Preventing infection may involve deliberate exposure to virulent or attenuated parasites so that immunity to natural infection is established early in life. This is the basis for vaccines against theilerosis and avian coccidiosis. Vaccination may not be effective or practical with diseases, such as cryptosporidiosis, that primarily afflict the immune-compromised or individuals with an incompletely developed immune system. Strategies for combating these diseases often rely on passive immunotherapy using serum or colostrums containing antibodies to parasite surface proteins. Subunit vaccines offer an attractive alternative to virulent or attenuated parasites for several reasons. These include the use of bacteria or lower eukaryotes to produce recombinant proteins in batch culture, the relative stability of recombinant proteins compared to live parasites, and the flexibility to incorporate only those antigens that elicit "protective" immune responses. Although subunit vaccines offer many theoretical advantages, our lack of understanding of immune mechanisms to primary and secondary infection and the capacity of many protozoa to evade host immunity remain obstacles to developing effective vaccines. This review examines the progress made on developing recombinant proteins of Eimeria, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Trypanosoma, Babesia, and Theileria and attempts to use these antigens for vaccinating animals against the associated diseases.
Lung mucin production is stimulated by the air pollutant residual oil fly ash.

Human and animal exposure to particulate air pollution is correlated with airway mucus hypersecretion and increased susceptibility to infection. Seeking clues to the mechanisms underlying this pathology, we examined the effect of the particulate air pollutant residual oil fly ash (ROFA) on production of the major component of mucus, mucin, and the major antibacterial protein of the respiratory tract, lysozyme. We found that following in vitro exposure to ROFA, epithelial cells showed an increase in mucin (MUC5AC) and lysozyme (LYS) steady state mRNA. This upregulation was controlled at least partly at the level of transcription as shown by reporter assays. Experiments testing the ability of the major components of ROFA to mimic these effects showed that vanadium, a metal making up 18.8% by weight, accounted for the bulk of the response. A screen of signaling inhibitors showed that MUC5AC and LYS induction by ROFA are mediated by dissimilar signaling pathways, both of which are, however, phosphotyrosine dependent. Recognizing that the ROFA constituent vanadium is a potent tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor and that mucin induction by pathogens is phophotyrosine dependent, we suggest that vanadium-containing air pollutants trigger disease-like conditions by unmasking phosphorylation-dependent pathogen resistance pathways.
Batzelladines F−I, Novel Alkaloids from the Sponge Batzella sp.: Inducers of p56lck-CD4 Dissociation

The sponge Batzella sp. from Jamaica contains four new alkaloids, batzelladines F−I (1-4), that induce the p56lck−CD4 dissociation. Batzelladines F−I were isolated using a bioassay-directed fractio...
Properties of vapor-deposited Au:Er films for metallic magnetic calorimeters

Abstract Prototype metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMC), in which the magnetization of Au:Er sensors has been measured using a DC SQUID, have shown excellent energy resolution for soft X-rays. However, the results to date have been obtained with devices assembled by hand, placing a small ( ∼ 50 μ m diameter), thin disk of the Au:Er alloy within the loop of the SQUID. This is an unacceptable method for fabricating large focal-plane arrays of detectors required for the next generation of X-ray telescopes. We are therefore investigating the properties of vapor-deposited films produced by DC magnetron sputtering using an Au:Er alloy target. The magnetic properties of 5 μ m thick Au:Er films have been investigated from room temperature down to 40 mK. The measured magnetization matches theoretical values down to 200 mK. The films have the same Er concentration as in the target material. At lower temperatures there is indication of enhanced magnetic interactions among the Er ions. We are studying the dependence of this interaction on the parameters used in the deposition process.
Tooth size and morphology in hemifacial microsomia.

Aims. To determine whether tooth size and morphology are affected in HFM.Design. The mesiodistal diameter of each tooth of 40 patients with varying severity of HFM was measured with a vernier gauge calibrated to 0·1 mm. Data obtained from teeth on the affected side were compared with data from corresponding teeth on the contralateral side. Setting. Center for Craniofacial Anomalies, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA. Results. Subjects with HFM have smaller teeth on the affected side than on the contralateral side. The more severely affected subjects have the highest degree of tooth size asymmetry. Tooth morphology is also affected in individuals with HFM.
Predicting Webcasting Adoption via Personal Innovativeness and Perceived Utilities

ABSTRACT Broadcasting over the internet presents a new frontier for media and advertising industries to conquer. At the local level, the greatest asset of a television station is its “localism”—with the audience still regarding television stations as the most effective source for local weather, traffic, and sports news as well as advertising—compared to cable television, public television, newspapers, magazine, or the internet. Hence, the unique advantage that a television station website can offer may involve providing locally-oriented webcasting services as well as serving as a portal to features and other websites of local interest. This study explored the profile of early adopters of webcasting, the potential predictors of webcasting adoption, and audience interest in different types of local webcast features. A national sample representing the top 50 television markets in the United States was interviewed via a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system for data collection. Study results found that webcasting adopters suited the profile of “early adopters” of online technology. Moreover, personal innovativeness, perceived utilities of webcasting as well as online-use frequency and per-online-use duration were found to be significant predictors of webcasting adoption (although demographic characteristics were not). Findings on audience adoption interest in local webcast features, and their implications for advertisers, were also discussed.
Overexpression of eIF4E in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Causes Slow Growth and Decreased α-Factor Response through Alterations in CLN3 Expression

The association of G1cyclins and Cdc28/cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalyzes the cell cycle entry (Start) in budding yeast. Activation of Start is presumed to be triggered by a post-transcriptional increase in Cln3 during early G1. Cells arrested by mating pheromone show a loss of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity caused by transcriptional shutoff of cyclins and/or inhibition by Far1. We report that overexpression of eIF4E (Cdc33), a rate-limiting translation initiation factor, causes an increase in CLN3 mRNA translation, which results in increased expression of CLN2and in slow growth and decreased α-factor response. This phenotype was abrogated in a Δcln3 or Δcln2background. We isolated the transcription factor MBP1 as a multicopy suppressor of the growth and α-factor response defects. Furthermore, elevated MBP1, a transcriptional regulator of cyclins, altered the transcriptional start site in CLN3 mRNA, shifting it 45 nucleotides upstream of the normal. This lengthened 5′-untranslated region likely reduces translation efficiency and down-regulatesCLN3 protein synthesis, thereby correcting for the excess translation promoted by elevated Cdc33. In addition, theCLN2 mRNA level returned to normal. We propose that regulation of translation initiation by Cdc33 plays a pivotal role in the activation of Start and cell cycle progression in budding yeast.
Setting up a SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) server and Gopher site

Abstract The effort required to establish a communication facility that supports SLIP, PPP, Gopher, or other network services is substantial and cannot be undertaken without some background in TCP/IP networking and system administration. This paper provides a thumbnail sketch of the issues involved in setting up SLIP, PPP, and Gopher servers. It will familiarize the reader with the concepts underlying SLIP, compressed-SLIP, and PPP protocol, showing that they are examples of dial-up IP protocols. The paper will prepare the reader to develop an implementation plan for a dial-up IP facility suited to the communication infrastructure of their institution and relevant to the needs of their users. References to vendors and and sources of information are given throughout the chapter.
P-OFDM: Spectrally efficient unipolar OFDM

A novel OFDM signal format, polar-OFDM (P-OFDM), is proposed. P-OFDM offers twice as much spectral efficiency as state-of-the-art real-value unipolar OFDM formats. Inherently, the high PAPR is reduced and the numerical evaluation of the BER performance under dynamic-range constraint of optical sources demonstrates superior results.
The Effect of Deleting Content-Related Items on IRT Ability Estimates:

In this study, the process a school might use to build a "customized test" from an "on shelf' standardized achievement test was followed, as closely as possible. The main purpose was to assess the effects of using "customized test" results rather than full test results in estimating examinee ability levels. To this end, ability parameters were estimated for groups of students on the Quantitative Thinking subtest of a standardized achievement test battery as well as on customized versions of the test. It was found that the ability estimates from the full-length tests and those from the customized tests at times differed substantially.
Teaching paediatric pharmacotherapy at colleges of pharmacy in the United States and Canada

SUMMARY We conducted a survey of 83 colleges of pharmacy in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada to determine the status of didactic and experiential paediatric pharmacotherapy teaching in entry-level programmes. Sixty-five completed surveys (54 from BS programmes and 11 from entry-level PharmD programmes) were received and analysed. Forty-four (815%) BS programmes and 11 (100%) of the entry-level PharmD programmes provide an average of 5.1 and 9.2 h of didactic paediatric teaching, respectively. While all of the entry-level PharmD programmes offered experiential rotations in paediatrics, only 38 (70%) provided BS students with an opportunity to receive paediatric experiential training. Colleges of pharmacy should re-evaluate their curricula to ensure sufficient preparation of graduates in paediatric pharmacotherapy for entry-level positions.
Mass Rearing of the Parasites Praon sp. and Diaretiella rapae

A technique was developed for producing substantial numbers of 2 hymenopteran parasites of aphids, Diaretiella rapae (M'Intosh) and Praon sp. When green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), reared on Chinese cabbage, Brassica chinensis L., were used as the host, the lifecycle of D. rapae was ca. 3 days shorter than that of Praon sp. and the percentage of emerging females of D. rapae was considerably higher than that of Praon sp. Two individuals working together for 4 h each day (8 man-h/day) can easily produce as many as 16,000 wasps per wk.
An anticonvulsant effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Inhibitoren der Monoaminoxydase haben eine antikonvulsive Wirkung, die mit einer Erhohung des Serotonin-und Noradrenalingehaltes im Gehirn verbunden ist. Da anderseits Reserpin durch Freisetzung zu einer Verminderung dieser Amine im Gehirn furhrt und die Krampfe verstarkt, ist es wahrscheinlich, dass gewisse physiologisch aktive Amine bei der Entstehung experimenteller Konvulsionen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Die Resultate stutzen die Annahme, dass gewisse Formen von Epilepsie auf eine lokale Storung im Stoffwechsel der Gehirnamine zuruckzufuhren sind.
Dietary predictors of young children’s exposure to current-use pesticides using urinary biomonitoring

Few data exist on the association between dietary habits and urinary biomarker concentrations of pesticides in children. The objective was to examined the association between the weekly intake frequency of 65 food items and urinary biomarkers of exposure to chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol [TCP]), permethrin (3-phenoxybenzoic acid [3-PBA]), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D] in 135 preschool-aged children. TCP and 3-PBA are nonspecific biomarkers as they are also urinary metabolites of other pesticides. TCP, 3-PBA, and 2,4-D were detected in 99%, 64%, and 92% of the urine samples, respectively. Mean urinary TCP concentrations were statistically significantly higher in children consuming fresh apples (9.40±15.5 ng/mL versus 5.76±3.57 ng/mL, p=0.040) and fruit juices (8.41±11.5 ng/mL versus 4.11±2.77 ng/mL, p=0.020) ≥3 times a week compared to <3 times a week. For 3-PBA, mean urinary metabolite concentrations were statistically significantly greater in children consuming chicken/turkey meats (0.79±0.81 versus 0.41±0.39, p=0.013) ≥3 times a week compared to <3 times a week. No association occurred between the consumption of any food item and children's mean urinary 2,4-D concentrations by intake group. In conclusion, frequent consumption of fresh apples and fruit juices or chicken/turkey meats were significant dietary predictors of urinary levels of TCP or 3-PBA, respectively.
Motion of spheres falling through fluids

Motion of spheres falling through fluids is a classic problem in fluid mechanics. The problem is solved for steady motion and other special cases such as for small and large Reynolds numbers, but not yet for transitional flow motion because of the complicated drag law. Recently, a series approximation for the transitional motion at zero initial velocity was proposed by applying a nonlinear perturbation method and Rubey's universal drag law to the Boussinesq–Basset–Oseen equation. This research presents a simple closed-form solution to the problem for arbitrary Reynolds numbers at nonzero initial velocity. The proposed solution is confirmed with experimental literature data and reproduces all well-known asymptotic values. The results can be directly used for particle size analysis in hydraulics laboratories; they may also help understanding the fluid–particle interactions in environmental engineering, meteorology, and powder technology.
Deep Matrix Algebras of Finite Type

Deep matrix algebras \(\varepsilon {\left( {X,A} \right)}\) based on a set \(X\) over a ring \(A\) are introduced and studied by McCrimmon when \(X\) has infinite cardinality. Here, we construct a new \(\varepsilon {\left( {X,A} \right)}\)-module that is faithful for \(X\) of any cardinality. For \(A=\mathbb{K}\) a field of arbitrary characteristic and \(2\le |X\,|<\infty\), \(\varepsilon {\left( {X,\mathbb{K}} \right)}\) is studied in depth. The algebra \(\varepsilon {\left( {X,\mathbb{K}} \right)}\) is shown to possess a unique proper non-zero ideal, isomorphic to \(Mat_{\infty}(\mathbb{K})\). This leads to a new and interesting simple algebra, \({\user1{\mathcal{A}}}{\left( {X,\,\mathbb{K}} \right)}\), the quotient of \(\varepsilon {\left( {X,\mathbb{K}} \right)}\) by its unique ideal. Both \(\varepsilon {\left( {X,\mathbb{K}} \right)}\) and the quotient algebra are shown to have centers isomorphic to \(\mathbb{K}\). Via the new faithful representation, all automorphisms of \(\varepsilon {\left( {X,\mathbb{K}} \right)}\) are shown to be inner in the sense of Definition 18.
Slow Conformational Dynamics in the Cystoviral RNA-directed RNA Polymerase P2 – Influence of Substrate Nucleotides and Template RNA

The RNA-directed RNA polymerase P2 from cystovirus ϕ6 catalyzes the de novo synthesis of positive and negative strands of the viral double-stranded RNA genome. P2 is mobile on the slow, microsecond to millisecond time scale with various motional modes, putatively assisting in RNA translocation and catalysis. Here we investigate the influence of the extreme 3′-end sequence of the single-stranded RNA templates and the nature of the substrate nucleotide triphosphates on these motional modes using multiple-quantum NMR spectroscopy. We find that P2, in the presence of templates bearing the proper genomic 3′-ends or the preferred initiation nucleotide, displays unique dynamic signatures that are different from those in the presence of nonphysiological templates or substrates. This suggests that dynamics may play a role in the fidelity of recognition of the correct substrates and template sequences to initiate RNA polymerization.
Studies on Papua New Guinea Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) II. Two new species of Guntheria

Guntheria joannae and Guntheria bosaviensis are described from specimens collected from Moss-forest Rats, Rattus niobe , in Papua New Guinea.
Women's perceptions and labeling of sexual harassment in academia before and after the Hill-Thomas hearings

Two years before the Hill—Thomas sexual harassment hearings, Jaschik and Fretz (1991) had sixty female undergraduates view videotapes of a male teaching assistant sexually harassing a female undergraduate as he evaluated her term paper. Seventy percent of subjects were Caucasian, 8% were African-American, 20% were Asian-American, and 2% were identified as of another race. Following the videos, subjects completed measures of perceptions of the teaching assistant. To explore the effects of the hearings on women's perceptions of sexual harassment, this study replicated the earlier one. In this study, 81% of subjects were Caucasian, 10% were African-American, 6% were Asian-American, and 2% were identified as of another race. Using Fisher's Exact Probability Test, results indicated that while women in 1992 were as likely as women in 1989 to label behaviors as harassment when directly asked about it (p= .16), women in 1992 were significantly more likely to spontaneously label the behaviors as harassment (p= .02), suggesting that publicity from the hearings may have increased women's sensitivity to the issue of sexual harassment, although other possible explanations for the changes are also explored.
Erk1/2 MAP kinases are required for epidermal G2/M progression.

Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are often hyperactivated in human cancers, where they affect multiple processes, including proliferation. However, the effects of Erk1/2 loss in normal epithelial tissue, the setting of most extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)–associated neoplasms, are unknown. In epidermis, loss of Erk1 or Erk2 individually has no effect, whereas simultaneous Erk1/2 depletion inhibits cell division, demonstrating that these MAPKs are necessary for normal tissue self-renewal. Growth inhibition caused by Erk1/2 loss is rescued by reintroducing Erk2, but not by activating Erk effectors that promote G1 cell cycle progression. Unlike fibroblasts, in which Erk1/2 loss decreases cyclin D1 expression and induces G1/S arrest, Erk1/2 loss in epithelial cells reduces cyclin B1 and c-Fos expression and induces G2/M arrest while disrupting a gene regulatory network centered on cyclin B1–Cdc2. Thus, the cell cycle stages at which Erk1/2 activity is required vary by cell type, with Erk1/2 functioning in epithelial cells to enable progression through G2/M.
Logic and Images in Art History

This essay is an attempt to see how some of Galison's ideas and analyses look from the vantage of art history. If there's to be dialogue between the history of science and the history of art, it will be necessary to find historically recognizable senses for words like "logic" and "homologous." I also propose how Galison's kinds of images might fit into larger classifications of images known to the history of art.
Provider attitudes toward clinical protocols in obstetrics.

The Johns Hopkins Oxytocin Protocol (JHOP) Survey was distributed to clinical labor and delivery staff to compare obstetrical providers’ attitudes toward clinical protocols and the JHOP. Agreement by registered nurses (RNs), physicians in training (PIT), and attending physicians (APs) and certified nurse midwives (CNMs) was assessed with each of 4 attitudinal statements regarding whether clinical protocol and JHOP use result in better practice and are important to ensure patient safety. Odds of agreement with positive statements regarding clinical protocols did not differ significantly among groups. Odds of agreement with JHOP use resulting in better practice also did not differ significantly among provider groups. Odds of agreement with the JHOP being important to ensure patient safety were lower for the AP/CNM group compared with the RN group. Clinical protocol use is generally well received by obstetrical providers; however, differences exist in provider attitudes toward the use of an institutional oxy...
FROM HAND TO MOUTH: SOME CRITICAL STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE

ABSTRACT: An evolutionary scenario for the evolution of language, beginning with handedness, gesture and pantomime, then propositions and speech, resulting in an all-purpose symbol system capable of expressing any proposition.
The clinical course of alcohol use disorders: Using joinpoint analysis to aid in interpretation of growth mixture models

Abstract Background The clinical course of alcohol use disorders (AUD) is marked by great heterogeneity both within and between individuals. One approach to modeling this heterogeneity is latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM), which identifies a number of latent subgroups of drinkers with drinking trajectories that are similar within a latent subgroup but different between subgroups. LGMM is data-driven and uses an iterative process of testing a sequential number researcher-selected of latent subgroups then selecting the best fitting model. Despite the advantages of LGMM (e.g., identifying subgroups among heterogeneous longitudinal data), one limitation is the lack of precision of LGMM to model abrupt changes in drinking during treatment that are often observed by clinicians. Joinpoint analysis (JPA) is a data analysis procedure that is used to identify discrete change points in longitudinal data (e.g., changes from increasing to decreasing or decreasing to increasing). Method This study presents a demonstration of using JPA as a post hoc procedure for LGMM to improve accuracy in modeling abrupt changes in clinical course of AUD. Results Results from this secondary data analysis of 549 AUD participants participating in the NIAAA sponsored relapse replication and extension project uncovered four latent classes of drinking trajectories. Discussion Within these trajectories the addition of JPA improved precision in modeling the clinical course of AUDs.
Selectivity of monomeric metaphosphate reactions with alcohols in polar aprotic solvents

Abstract Evidence is presented for selectivity in the reaction of metaphosphate, PO3−, with methanol in preference to t-butanol in acetonitrile solution. In dichloromethane solution there is also evidence for preferential nucleophilic solvation of reactant by methanol vs. t-butanol.
On the detection and origin identification of mobile worms

Mobility can be exploited to spread malware among wireless nodes moving across network domains. Because such mobile worms spread across domains by exploiting the physical movement of mobile nodes, they cannot be contained by existing defenses. In this paper we address this new challenge using techniques for detecting the existence of stealthy mobile worms in the early stages of their infection and identifying the origins of such infections.The proposed mechanisms are based on random moonwalks which were originally used in post mortem analysis of Internet worms. However as we demonstrate, the original technique fails against mobile worms which are inherently stealthier than existing malware. In this paper, we extend the moonwalk algorithm by considering new heuristics and show that the proposed mechanism can reliably detect mobile worms during the early stages of infection. Our simulation results, based on network traces collected from a university-wide wireless network, show that a mobile infection can be reliably detected before it infects 10% of the vulnerable population. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism identifies the origin of the infection, by limiting the search for the initial victims to within 2% of the mobile node population
Potential applications of intracardiac echocardiography in interventional electrophysiology

The growth of interventional electrophysiology in recent years has placed a greater demand on imaging guidance. Currently available imaging modalities to guide interventions, while useful, have significant limitations. Intracardiac echocardiography has the potential to improve on these limitations and evolve into a modality that could provide imaging guidance, aid in the prevention or instant identification of complications, help identify and quantify ablative lesions, and contribute toward visualization of normal and abnormal conduction pathways. Ongoing developments in catheter design in the form of lower frequency, smaller size, and preshaped catheters should enhance the role of intracardiac echocardiography in interventional electrophysiology. There is the potential to combine the imaging and ablative capabilities of intracardiac ultrasonography to make for an imaging and therapeutic tool.
Conformational energy estimates for statistically coiling polypeptide chains

Conformational energies appropriate for an internal segment of an unperturbed, randomly coiling poly-α-amino acid chain have been calculated on the basis of several alternative approximate conformational potential energy functions. Calculations applicable to homopolymers having a substituent—CH2—R′ at the α-carbon in the l -configuration and to polyglycine have been carried out. Conformational potential energy terms corresponding to bond torsional strain and to van der Waals repulsions, London attractions and electrostatic interactions between non-bonded atoms and groups have been included. Conventional methods for assigning parameters of the van der Waals repulsion terms are modified to take account of significant interactions between non-bonded atom pairs other than the pair considered. Two alternative methods for treating electrostatic interactions are compared. On the basis of the conformational energy estimates, statistical mechanical average properties of unperturbed randomly coiling polypeptide chains have been evaluated. The important conclusions are insensitive to the details of the potential functions although, as previously reported, terms accounting for electrostatic interaction of neighboring amide groups must be included in order to obtain agreement with experimental values for the characteristic ratio of the unperturbed mean square end-to-end distance in poly- l -amino acid chains possessing a substituent—CH2—R′ at the α-carbon. This value is 0/npl29 ≅ 9. On the other hand, the calculated dimensions of random polyglycine chains are found to be little influenced by such electrostatic terms, the configuration being influenced predominantly by the symmetry of the residue. The characteristic ratio calculated for polyglycine is 0/npl2p≅2, a value scarcely differing from that expected for a polypeptide chain having free rotation about all N—Cα and Cα—C bonds. Despite the appreciable difference in extension ratios predicted for polyglycine as compared to poly- l -alanine, for example, the configurational entropies of the two randomly coiling chains appear to be nearly equal. The less extended character of the polyglycine chain is thus concluded to result from the chain symmetry rather than from a greater number of accessible chain conformations.
Single channel conductance modeling of the peptide alamethicin in synthetically formed bilayers

Bilayers are synthetically made cell membranes that are used to study cell membrane properties and make functional devices that incorporate inherent properties of the cell membranes. Lipids and proteins are two of the main components of a cell membrane. Lipids provide the structure of the membrane in the form of two leaflets or layers that are held together by the amphiphilic interaction between the lipids and water. Proteins are made from a combination of amino acids and the properties of these proteins are dependent on the amino acid sequence. Some proteins are antibiotics and can easily self insert into the membrane of a cell or into a synthetically formed bilayer. The peptide alamethicin is one such antibiotic that easily inserts into a bilayer and changes the conductance properties of the bilayer. Analytical models of the conductance change with respect to the potential and other variables across the bilayer follows the nonlinear conductance changes seen with the incorporation of the peptide in a bilayer. The individual channels formed by the peptide have been studied and the peptide has several discrete conductance levels. These discrete levels have been shown to be dependent on the potential across the bilayer and several other variables including the lipid variety. The conductance level for a single channel can change with time in a probabilistic fashion. This paper will model these discrete conductance levels of the peptide alamethicin and the model of the single channel conductance will be used to model the cumulative effect of multiple channels within a bilayer.
Using Google Scholar to Determine the Most Cited Criminology and Criminal Justice-Related Books

Building on recent research investigating the role of books in the discipline of criminology and criminal justice (C/CJ), this paper uses Google Scholar to identify the most cited books in the field. In particular, the researchers examined the most cited books in four different eras. Prior to1900, the most cited C/CJ-related book was On the Origin of Species. Merton’s Social Theory and Social Structure was the most cited book in the second era (1900–1949). The third era (1950–1999) produced the most cited work in the study, Foucault’s Discipline & Punish. And in the final era (2000 to present), Garland’s Culture of Control was the most cited work. The researchers also sought to determine the most cited books by women and African Americans/Blacks. The most cited book by a female author was Judith Herman’s Trauma and Recovery, and the most cited book by an African American/Black scholar was William Julius Wilson’s The Truly Disadvantaged. The authors conclude by arguing for the continued emphasis on demarcating the “great books” in the discipline.
The Taxation of Property and Income in Massachusetts

I. Taxation in Massachusetts in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, 1. — II. The period, 1800–1850, 5. — III. The critical period, 1850–1874, 7. — IV. Gradual disintegration of the general property tax, 19. — V. Attempts at stricter enforcement, 1908–1916, lead finally to change of the system, 32. — VI. An income tax proposed: constitutional amendment of 1915, 46. — VII. The income tax act of 1916, 50.
THE DECLINE OF ILLEGITIMACY IN JAPAN

Although we are typically geared to examining deviance in social situations where it looms relatively large or is on the increase, it is possible to learn a great deal from negative case studies, as well. In Japan although concubinage had been, historically, a recognized contractual arrangement and births out of wedlock were recorded as 8.8 percent of the total in 1900, illegitimacy has been declining throughout the 20th century to the point of virtual disappearance. From 1940 to 1964 (1) the ratio, or percentage of all births illegitimate, declined by 75 percent, (2) the general illegitimate fertility rate dropped by 88 percent and (3) the number of births out of wedlock was reduced by 80 percent. The demographic and sociological factors related to the decline are examined for clues unique to Japan and/or applicable to societies in general.
Adaptive vector quantisation of non-orthogonal representations for image compression

An efficient compression technique employing adaptive vector quantisation of multiple non-orthogonal transform domain representations of still images is developed. For each sub-image, the encoder selects a code from the domain that yields best representation. The performance improvement employing the proposed technique relative to existing single domain vector quantisation coding methods, for the same compression ratio, is obtained at the expense of increased computational complexity.
Invariants of three-dimensional contours

Abstract This paper presents the invariants of 3-D contours derived from the elliptic Fourier descriptor. A 3-D closed curve can be described by a set of feature ellipses in 3-D space. These feature ellipses have fixed lengths of major and minor axes no matter where the contour is located. Besides, the relative orientations among the ellipses will never change. The derived invariants are implicit functions of these axis lengths as well as the angles defining the relative orientations. These invariants can be used as features for object recognition while 3-D contours can be extracted from range images. Computation of these invariants using simulated and real range images has been performed with results provided.
Covert or Convenient? Evolution of Terror Attack Networks

The concept of networks has become synonymous with terrorism in recent years. Despite the abundance of material engaging the concept of terrorist networks, there is a paucity of research that applies analytic network methods to the empirical study of observed data. This article fills that void by comparing two arguments about terror network structure using a newly released attack network data set. One account suggests that terrorists purposefully structure their networks to maximize operational security (OPSEC) by minimizing connections, while an alternate proposition relies on findings in network sciences showing that many networks have a few well-connected individuals (referred to as scale-free structure). Empirical analysis of six evolving attack networks produces results contradicting both assertions. This article then looks beyond structure to examine whether there are any causal relationships between network characteristics and output, specifically attack casualties. The article concludes by examini...
Sphingosine kinase: a mediator of vital cellular functions

Ample evidence indicates that sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) can serve as an intracellular second messenger regulating calcium mobilization, and cell growth and survival. Moreover, the dynamic balance between levels of the sphingolipids metabolites, ceramide and SPP, and consequent regulation of opposing signaling pathways, is an important factor that determines whether a cell survives or dies. SPP has also recently been shown to be the ligand for the EDG-1 family of G protein-coupled receptors, which now includes EDG-1, -3, -5, -6, and -8. SPP is thus a lipid mediator that has novel dual actions signaling inside and outside of the cell. This review is focussed on sphingosine kinase, the enzyme that regulates levels of SPP and thus plays a critical role in diverse biological processes.
Benjamin Franklin's pictorial representations of the British colonies in America: A study in rhetorical iconology

This essay attempts to explain the underlying reasons for a fundamental shift in Benjamin Franklin's pictorial representations of the British colonies in America, by exploring the hypothesis the “Magna Britannia” was both a deliberative work directed to the British Parliament and an apologetic work directed to a conservative segment of the colonial public. Although the rhetorical tradition originates in the study of public speeches about civic matters, this analysis of “Magna Britannia” illustrates how concepts from the rhetorical tradition can illuminate pictorial persuasion, so contributing to a growing body of literature that explores the interdisciplineary value of the rhetorical tradition.
Approaches to hybrid SHM and NDE of composite aerospace structures

Periodic inspection of aerospace structures, while essential for ensuring their safety, incurs significant costs over a structure’s life and also can result in significant loss of service. Structural health monitoring (SHM), which is also referred to as in situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE), offers the promise of more frequent assessments of structural integrity with little or no loss of service; however, such systems are not in common use. Here we consider a combined SHM and NDE approach to inspection of composite, plate-like components where the SHM system detects sites of possible damage and the follow-up NDE method utilizes the in situ SHM sensors to facilitate the inspection. The specific SHM approach considered is that of a sparse guided wave array using simple transducers that are spatially distributed on the structure. The NDE approach is non-contact guided wavefield imaging whereby one or more of the SHM transducers is used as a source and full wavefield data are recorded over the area of interest. This method has the advantage over conventional ultrasonic methods of being non-contact and requiring minimal surface preparation. Sparse array and wavefield data from a composite specimen with simulated sites of damage are presented here to illustrate the concept. Damage is simulated via glued-on steel plate pieces at multiple locations, and localization is performed using delay-and-sum imaging. A small, single site of simulated damage is well-localized, whereas larger and multiple sites of damage are not; however, their presence is readily detected. The follow-up wavefield imaging using a single sparse array transducer as a source is able to not only locate the sites of damage, but is able to provide a reasonable estimate of their sizes.
Edges, stars, superedges and chains

Abstract Several possibilities for the reduction of indirect addressing operations within edge-based solvers are discussed. It is shown that indirect addressing operations may be reduced by a factor in excess of 1 : 4 if edges are grouped and linked together. Tests of benchmark loops on two common engineering computer platforms reveal that CPU saving factors ranging from 1.3 to 3.5 may be realized when switching from edge-based to superedge or chain-based loops.
Development of dopaminergic neurons is insensitive to optic nerve section in the neonatal rat retina.

Abstract The development of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) cells was studied in pre- and postnatal rat retinas. Using a modified staining method, TH-IR cells were first detectable in retinal wholemounts at embryonic day 19 (E19), much earlier than previously reported. By E20, TH-IR cells were present in every retina examined. These ‘early’ TH-IR cells were always concentrated at the peripheral dorsal part of the retina, in contrast to the expected distribution predicted by the center to peripheral gradient of retinal development. The development of TH-IR cells and their pattern of distribution were insensitive to optic nerve section, indicating that the postnatal development of dopaminergic neurons is independent of the presence of ganglion cells.
Improving detection range via correlation of long PN codes

This paper proposes a correlation method for detecting super-regenerative RF receivers via stimulation. Long PN sequences are used as to stimulate the unintended emissions from the RF receivers. High correlation between known PN sequence and stimulated unintended emissions from RF receivers helps improving the detection range compared to passive detection and power detection methods. Although RF receivers generate unintended emissions from their nonlinear devices, without stimulation, the power of these unintended emission is usually lower than --70dBm, as per the FCC regulations. Direct detection (passive detection) of these emissions is a challenging task specially in noisy conditions. When a stimulation signal is transmitted from distance, superregenerative receivers generate unintended emissions that contain the stimulation signal and its harmonics. Excellent correlation property of PN sequence enables us to improve the range and accuracy of detecting the super-regenerative receivers through stimulation method even in noisy conditions. The experiment involves detection of wireless doorbell, a commercially available super-regenerative receiver. USRP is used for transmitting the stimulant signal and receiving unintended stimulated emissions from the doorbell. Experiments show that the detection range of the proposed method with long PN sequences is much larger than passive detection and power detection methods.