cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ideological constraints and french mediation in hispanic translated texts: 1860-1930

Recent translation theories and descriptive translation studies emphasize the power of translated texts as shaping forces in literary canons as well as the ideological appropriation which the works of translators conceal. French cultural ascendancy in eighteenth and nineteenth century Spain is widely acknowledged, especially in the case of the reception of English, German and Russian literature. However, apart from early research in the field of literary comparativism, French mediation in translation has received inadequate attention in Spanish speaking countries. In this article we intend to analyse the ideological manipulation traced in three Hispanic versions of W.M. Thackeray’s Vanity Fair (1847-48) published between 1860 and 1930, which used the 1853 French translation of the Victorian classic as their source text. Particular consideration will be given to those conflictual translated texts concerning the sexual role of the main male and female characters which wipe out the ambiguity of the original work.
Applications of Object-Oriented Programming

A collection of original, never-before-published case studies on object-oriented programming languages and their applications, which include practical applications for popular OOP languages such as C++, Smalltalk, Objective-C, and Object Pascal.
Genius Turns the Establishment to Profit: Euler

The following reviews are reprinted in roughly the order of their appearance. They describe aspects of Euler’s life and circumstances as they became known to the general reader.
Method for Biomonitoring DNA Adducts in Exfoliated Urinary Cells by Mass Spectrometry

Tobacco smoking contributes to about 50% of the bladder-cancer (BC) cases in the United States. Some aromatic amines in tobacco smoke are bladder carcinogens; however, other causal agents of BC are uncertain. Exfoliated urinary cells (EUCs) are a promising noninvasive biospecimen to screen for DNA adducts of chemicals that damage the bladder genome, although the analysis of DNA adducts in EUCs is technically challenging because of the low number of EUCs and limiting quantity of cellular DNA. Moreover, EUCs and their DNA adducts must remain viable during the time of collection and storage of urine to develop robust screening methods. We employed RT4 cells, a well-differentiated transitional epithelial bladder cell line, as a cell-model system in urine to investigate cell viability and the chemical stability of DNA adducts of two prototypical bladder carcinogens: 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), an aromatic amine found in tobacco smoke, and aristolochic acid I (AA-I), a nitrophenanthrene found in Aristolochia herbaceous plants used for medicinal purposes worldwide. The cell viability of RT4 cells pretreated with 4-ABP or AA-I in urine exceeded 80%, and the major DNA adducts of 4-ABP and AA-I, quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were stable for 24 h. Thereafter, we successfully screened EUCs of mice treated with AA-I to measure DNA adducts of AA-I, which were still detected 25 days following treatment with the carcinogen. EUCs are promising biospecimens that can be employed for the screening of DNA adducts of environmental and dietary genotoxicants that may contribute to the development of BC.
mTOR favors senescence over quiescence in p53-arrested cells.

The p53 tumor suppressor protein controls cell fate by inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in response to cell stress [1]. Cell cycle arrest can be temporary (quiescent) or permanent (senescent) depending on p53 regulation [2, 3]. Under normal conditions, p53 binds to MDM2, which transports the protein to the cytoplasm where it undergoes rapid proteosomal degradation. A class of chemotherapeutic molecules called Nutlins inhibit p53-MDM2 interaction, and can therefore be used to control p53 activity in cancer cells [4]. In this issue of Aging, Korotchkina et al make use of nutlin-3a to dissect the mechanism by which p53 induces cellular senescence and quiescence [5]. The group demonstrates that p53-mediated senescence is irreversible in cells that maintain mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycn) signaling. However, when mTOR signaling is inhibited, activation of p53 leads to quiescence (Figure ​(Figure1).1). These findings may have broad implications because the mTOR pathway is dysregulated in many forms of cancer [6]. Figure 1. p53-induced senescence or quiescence. Establishing the mechanisms involved in cell cycle arrest and cell dormancy is critical for understanding cancer cell proliferation. Demidenko et al. have previously demonstrated that despite its ability to induce cell cycle arrest, in some cell types p53 is a suppressor, not an inducer of cellular senescence [7]. They have also shown that cells (HT-p21-9) induced into senescence using an ITPG-inducible p21 expression construct, were converted to quiescence in the presence of p53. In the same cells, nutlin-3a-induction of p53 caused reversible cell cycle arrest, and cells resumed proliferation after removal of nutlin-3a. The same group has also demonstrated that when the cell cycle is blocked, activation of mTOR is required for induction of senescence. Addition of the TOR inhibitor rapamycin converted p21-induced senescent cells back to quiescence [7]. These findings suggest that activa-tion of p53 sets in motion cell cycle arrest, after which its ability to exercise senescence is dependent on its interaction with the mTOR pathway. Senescence is achieved if p53 is incapable of disabling mTOR. Therefore, activating both mTOR and p53 in order to achieve a permanent state of cell dormancy, may prove to be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating cancer. In their current study, Korotchkina et al further explore the role of mTOR as a senescence-inducing factor. They show that nutlin-3a-induced senescent cells converted to a quiescent state when mTOR was inactivated with rapamycin (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Furthermore, the authors show that in p53-mediated quiescent cells, depletion of TSC2, a negative regulator of mTOR, results in conversion to senescence. This body of work may also offer explanations as to the role that p53 plays in aging. Others have shown that p53 function declines with age [8, 9], and mild activation of p53 may increase the lifespan of mice [10]. It will be interesting to further determine the interactions between p53 and mTOR in both models of cancer and aging.
Thermomechanical model for monotonic and cyclic loading of PEEK

Abstract An internal state variable (ISV) model for polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is developed to capture experimental measurements conducted below its glass transition temperature. The model is based on the response of two relaxing components put in parallel, one having a back stress response that softens with plastic flow. This softening allows reproducing both monotonic and cyclic loading, and is possibly associated with detangling, melting of network junctions, and/or change in crystallinity. The resulting model, which is thermodynamic and multidimensional, was used to capture the response of PEEK 450G using thermal expansion (23 °C to 120 °C), heat capacity (−40 °C to 140 °C), monotonic extension and compression (−85 °C to 150 °C; 0.0001 s−1 to 3000 s−1; strains up to 40–80%), equilibrium stress measurements in compression (23 °C to 120 °C; strains up to 60%), and ultrasonic longitudinal and shear wave speed measurements along and transverse to the directions of compression (23 °C to 120 °C; up to 50% plastic compression). The model is compared to the response under monotonic and cyclic shear and internal dissipation is assessed using the equivalent adiabatic temperature rise.
An RNA-seq primer for pulmonologists.

With the evolution of high throughput sequencing technologies, the past decade has seen an exponential rise in the use of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RNA-seq has deepened our understanding of biological systems to unprecedented levels of resolution, identifying not only gene expression signatures but also regulatory RNA molecules that may play critical roles in disease pathogenesis. Pulmonary research has quickly incorporated this technology, from characterizing the IL-17 signature of steroid-unresponsive COPD patients [1] to discovering pathogen-host interactions of M. tuberculosis [2]. This mini-review provides an overview of core features and applications of RNA-seq to familiarize non-experts with the methodology and how it has impacted our understanding of lung pathophysiology.
Defensive Discourse in Writing about Music

A simple conception of musical experience positions music as an active force, listeners as passive. A defensive resistance to passivity sometimes leads music theory and analysis, and other discourses about music, to divert attention from listening, understood as feminized, while working to establish powerful, active roles for composers, music, and theorists. The essay explores the effects of the active/passive opposition in writing by Eduard Hanslick, Hector Berlioz, John Rahn, Allen Forte, and Edward T. Cone. These analyses summarize fuller treatments by the author in previous essays, here drawn together to show the shared concerns of these writers. The essay concludes by offering ways to complicate or evade simple dualities of active and passive. Schlichtere Vorstellungen von musikalischer Wahrnehmung verstehen Musik als eine aktive Kraft, Zuhoren hingegen als passiv. Ein defensiver Widerstand gegen Passivitat fuhrt musiktheoretische, musikanalytische und andere Formen des Diskurses uber Musik gelegentlich vom Horen weg, welches als ›feminisiert‹ gilt, um im Gegenzug kraftvolle, aktive Profile fur Tatigkeiten in Komposition, Musik und Theorie zu finden. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Auswirkungen einer Opposition von ›aktiv‹ und ›passiv‹ in Texten von Eduard Hanslick, Hector Berlioz, John Rahn, Allen Forte und Edward T. Cohn. Diese Textanalysen greifen ausfuhrlichere Darstellungen des Autors aus fruheren Aufsatzen auf, die hier zusammengefuhrt werden, um eine gemeinsame Tendenz der genannten Autoren herauszuarbeiten. Der Beitrag schliest mit einem Ausblick auf komplexere Formen der Wahrnehmung jenseits von simplen Dualismen wie ›aktiv‹ und ›passiv‹.
The library's role in countering infodemics.

Internet and communication technologies enable the creation of tremendous amounts of textual, graphic, and pictorial information. User-generated content published through personal web pages, blogs, and social media platforms has not only increased the amount of information available, but also expanded its reach. However, this ubiquity of information and empowerment of its creators leads to potentially controversial, futile, and inaccurate content circulating throughout the world. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, this can create false hope, fear, anxiety, harm, and confusion amongst information stakeholders. The World Health Organization recently applied the term “infodemic” to the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary briefly discusses the current infodemic, its potential consequences, and the role of libraries—specifically health sciences, biomedical, and medical libraries—to help counter the COVID-19 infodemic. The discussion also has relevance for infodemics relating to other health and non-health affairs.
Adsorption and reaction pathways of 7-octenoic acid on copper.

The surface structure and reaction pathways of 7-octenoic acid are studied on a clean copper substrate in ultrahigh vacuum using a combination of reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption and scanning-tunneling microscopy, supplemented by first-principles density functional theory calculations. 7-Octenoic acid adsorbs molecularly on copper below ∼260 K in a flat-lying configuration at low coverages, becoming more upright as the coverage increases. It deprotonates following adsorption at ∼300 K to form an η2-7-octenoate species. This also lies flat at low coverages, but forms a more vertical self-assembled monolayer as the coverage increases. Heating causes the 7-octenoate species to start to tilt, which produces a small amount of carbon dioxide at ∼550 K and some hydrogen in a peak at ∼615 K ascribed to the reaction of these tilted species. The majority of the decarbonylation occurs at ∼650 K when CO2 and hydrogen evolve simultaneously. Approximately half of the carbon is deposited on the surface as oligomeric species that undergo further dehydrogenation to evolve more hydrogen at ∼740 K. This leaves a carbonaceous layer on the surface, which contains hexagonal motifs connoting the onset of graphitization of the surface.
Abstract P42: Genetic Variants Associated With Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: Cerebral vasospasm is a major contributor to poor clinical outcomes in intracranial aneurysm (IA) patients and is involved in delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachno...
Proof-of-concept of a neutron time-of-flight ellipsoidal detector

The time-resolved measurement of neutrons emitted from nuclear implosions at inertial confinement fusion facilities is used to characterize the fusing plasma. Several significant quantities are routinely measured by neutron time-of-flight (nToF) detectors in these experiments. Current nToF detectors use scintillators as well as solid-state Cherenkov radiators. The latter has an inherently faster time response and can provide a co-registered γ-ray measurement as well as improved precision in the bulk hot-spot velocity. This work discusses a nToF ellipsoidal detector that also utilizes a solid-state Cherenkov radiator. The detector has the potential to achieve a fast instrument response function allowing for characterization of the γ-ray burn history as well as the ability to field the detector closer to the fusion source. Proof-of-concept testing of the nToF ellipsoidal detector has been conducted at the National Ignition Facility using commercial optics. A time-resolved neutron signal has been measured from the diagnostic. Preliminary simulations corroborate the results.
3D LEGO-PoL: A 93.3% Efficient 48V-1.5V 450A Merged-Two-Stage Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Converter with 3D Vertical Coupled Inductors

This paper presents a merged-two-stage hybrid switched-capacitor point-of-load converter with 3D-embedded coupled inductors, vertical power delivery, and LEGO-PoL architecture. By merging a switched-capacitor circuit with a multiphase buck circuit, the 3D LEGO-PoL converter offers reduced device stress and minimized magnetic size, and enables soft switching, soft charging, voltage balancing, and current sharing. A prototype converter with 3D embedded coupled inductors is designed to deliver power vertically from the motherboard to microprocessors with minimized 2D area. A 675 W, 48 V to 1.5 V/450 A hybrid converter with a peak efficiency of 93.3%, full load efficiency of 87.2%, current density of 0.57 A/mm2, and power density of 688 W/in3 was built and tested to verify the effectiveness of the hybrid converter architecture with 3D embedded coupled inductors and vertical power delivery.
Reef Conservation off the Hook: Can Market Interventions Make Coral Reef Fisheries More Sustainable?

The overexploitation of coral reef fisheries threatens the persistence of reef ecosystems and the livelihoods and food security of millions of people. Market-based initiatives to increase fisheries sustainability have been widely implemented in industrialized commodity fisheries, but the suitability of these initiatives for coral reef fisheries has not been systematically investigated. Here, we present a typology of market-based interventions and coral reef fisheries sectors and identity promising approaches for each fishery archetype. For high value, export-oriented reef fisheries that are highly unsustainable (live reef food fish and dried sea cucumbers), traditional regulatory efforts including trade restrictions will be most effective. For high-value, export-oriented fisheries for highly fecund invertebrates (lobsters and mollusks), certification and ratings efforts, fishery improvement projects, and sustainable purchasing commitments can improve fishing practices and increase fisher market access and revenue. For lower-value fisheries targeting species for domestic or regional consumption, sustainable purchasing commitments among local buyers, consumer awareness campaigns, and local certification and ratings schemes hold promise for shifting attitudes towards sustainability and increasing food security for local communities. Finally, fisher empowerment efforts including direct access to local markets and market information, training on improved post-harvest methods, and formation of fisher associations hold promise for increasing fisher incomes, reducing wasteful catch, increasing food security, and de-incentivizing unsustainable practices. Despite the potential of market-based interventions, specific approaches must be carefully tailored to the ecological and social reality of these systems, including the inherent unsustainability of commercial coral reef fisheries, the limited capacity for fisheries governance and financial support of market-based initiatives, and the threatened status of coral reef ecosystems globally.
Practice patterns and survival in FIGO 2009 stage 3B endometrial cancer

Abstract Objective To describe the practice patterns and outcomes of patients with stage 3B endometrial cancer. Methods We queried the National Cancer Database for all surgically staged, stage 3 patients between 2012 and 2016. Patients who received any pre-operative therapy were excluded. Demographics, tumor factors, and adjuvant therapy for the stage 3 substages were compared. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with adjuvant therapy. Kaplan Meier curves were generated and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards Model was used to adjust for prognostic factors. Findings with p Results Of 7363 patients with stage 3 disease, 478 (6%) had stage 3B; 1732 (23%) had stage 3A, 3457 (48%) had stage 3C1, and 1696 (23%) had stage 3C2 disease. Post-surgical treatment consisted of: combined chemotherapy (CT) and radiation (RT) (49%), CT alone (28%), RT alone (9%), 14% received no postoperative therapy. Among all stage 3 substages, patients with stage 3B disease were the least likely to receive any CT, and the most likely to receive RT alone. After adjusting for known prognostic factors, patients with stage 3A (Hazard ratio (HR) of death = 0.64) and 3C1 (HR of death = 0.79) disease had significantly worse overall survival compared to stage 3B; survival was not demonstrably different from patients with stage 3C2 disease. Patients with stage 3B disease who received CT + RT had the best overall survival. Conclusion Survival of patients with stage 3B disease is similar to that of patients with para-aortic node metastases and is inferior to all others with stage 3 endometrial cancer. Less frequent CT and a higher rate of post-operative RT alone, describes a distinct practice from that seen in other stage 3 patients.
Charting a Course in Clearing

Memorable tales of financial collapse, such as that of Lehman Brothers (Lehman), Bear Stearns, and American Financial Group (AIG), frequently drive narratives of financial market crises and future preventative regulatory solutions. Much U.S. financial regulation, such as the monumental and historic “Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act,” (Dodd-Frank) can be understood from this perspective. Aspects of such responses, however, are sometimes puzzling. An example is the reforms surrounding certain financial market utilities in Dodd-Frank’s Title VIII, “Payment, Clearing, and Settlement Supervision Act of 2010” (Title VIII). Financial market utilities often play a vital role in a process known as “payment, clearing and settlement,” which occurs after a financial trade is made. Title VIII authorizes the Federal Reserve Board (Fed), in consultation with the Treasury Department, to extend “discount and borrowing privileges only in unusual or exigent circumstances” to financial market utilities designated by Dodd-Frank’s new Financial Stability Oversight Council as “systemically important” or of “systemic importance.” That is, to provide an emergency funding backstop to such financial utilities. The Fed’s new emergency authority is additional to and separate from its “13(3)” emergency powers reformed by Dodd-Frank. What little attention has so far focused on Title VIII analyzes the Fed’s new authority in relation to over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, especially credit default swaps (CDS). The actual scope of financial contracts for which this new authority is relevant, however, is quite vast: it includes any financial transactions using designated financial utilities. Therefore, Title VIII’s financial utility reforms are relevant not only to OTC derivatives, but also potentially to repurchase agreements (repos), and any other “financial transactions” that use designated financial utilities now or in the future. On the one hand, these reforms purport to be a critical component in “solving” the AIG problem, but this conclusion is uncertain. On the other hand, these reforms lay the groundwork for alleviating the problem of Lehman and Bear Stearns, but fall short of achieving a potential solution. For these reasons, I suggest that Title VIII’s financial utility reforms both go too far in theory in addressing the “AIG problem,” but not far enough in practice in addressing the “Bear Stearns and Lehman problem.”
Creating a Sustainable High-Performance Scientific Computing Course

We describe our experiences with computational science and engineering (CS&E) education at the University of Colorado at Boulder in order to illustrate the difficulties associated with such a course of study. Our CS&E offerings began with a course on high-performance scientific computing (HPSC) developed under a CISE Educational Infrastructure grant from the National Science Foundation. The course was taught from 1991 through 1998 when various practical concerns ended its run. The course was revived in 2003 to meet the demands of several emerging programs in computational science. In this paper, we outline the rise, fall, and restoration of the HPSC course. We identify the technological developments that presently make such a course less labor intensive and more sustainable.
Seti: The Microwave Search Problem and the NASA Sky Survey Approach

NASA’s microwave observing program for SETI is presented. This strategy is composed of a high sensitivity, narrow frequency coverage, Target Search and a low sensitivity, broad frequency coverage, Sky Survey. The complementary nature of this dual mode search strategy is discussed. An overview is given of ongoing work in the development of the search strategy for the Sky Survey.
Physico-chemical investigations on varietal differences in rice

The increase in conductivity with time of rice and rice powder suspensions in water has been studied at different temperatures. Varietal differences in the rates of increase have been observed, but they are not characteristic of quality. The increase in conductivity cannot be attributed to electrolytes liberated by hydrolysis of amylopectin as such hydrolysis is inappreciable, but is to be accounted for, by the dissolution of electrolytes already present in the free state in rice.
Assessing the Validity and Levels of Importance of the Role Delineation Competencies as Perceived by Selected Health Educators in Illinois

Abstract Two main purposes of this study were to determine (1) if the 106 competencies defined in the Role Delineation Project were perceived as valid by selected health educators in Illinois and (2) if the importance level of those competencies differed according to the work setting of health educators. Prior to data collection the questionnaire was given to a panel of reviewers, and a pilot study was conducted. A mail survey was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Chi-square analysis. A total of 627 surveys were sent to individual members listed on the active membership lists of four professional associations for health educators in the state of Illinois. There were 198 surveys returned, and of those, 155 were usable. Based on responses, all the 106 competencies defined during the Role Delineation Project (under the guidance of the National Task Force on the Preparation and Practice of Health Educators, Inc.) appear to be valid. That is, all these competencies...
The CIP family of fieldbus protocols and its newest member - Ethernet/IP

DeviceNet and ControlNet are two well known members of the same family of protocols - the CIP family (CIP=Control an Information Protocol). Both protocols have been developed by Rockwell Automation, but are now owned and maintained by the two manufacturers organizations ODVA (Open DeviceNet Vendors Association, see http://www.odva.org) and ControlNet International (see http://www.controlnet.org/). ODVA and ControlNet International have recently introduced the newest member of this family - Ethernet/IP ("IP" stands for "Industrial Protocol"). This paper describes the basics of CIP and gives an overview over the newest member of this family of protocols - Ethernet/IP.
Light Scattering Intensity Studies in Multicomponent Solutions of Biological Macromolecules

A considerable fraction of the living cell (such as nucleic a-cids and proteins for instance) are macromolecules, carry electrical charges and are suspended in aqueous media containing low molecular weight ionic and non-ionic species. In the physico-chemical characterization and the analysis of the behavior of these large molecules many problems arise which may be solved by consideration of their special polyelectrolyte character. Polyelectrolytes (Armstrong and Strauss, 1969) are long chain molecules carrying a large number of ionizable sites. They may exist in solution in either linear open conformations, as do many nucleic acids for instance, or they may be folded into tertiary globular structures, such as most proteins are. In all cases, we should remember that solutions of either nucleic acids or proteins are electroneutral in the thermodynamic sense, and deviations from electro-neutrality are extremely rare. For every charged group fixed to the macromolecule there must therefore exist, somewhere in the vicinity of the macromolecule, a small mobile counterion of opposite charge. In the case of an ampholytic protein (a protein which carries both types of positive and negative charges), the mobile ions balance the net charge of positive and negative ions fixed to the macromolecular matrix.
What does it take to stay healthy past 100?: Commentary on “No disease in the brain of a 115-year-old woman”

Abstract The description of an 115-year-old woman without dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD) is remarkable, but fits well with previous accounts of aging and AD. Several similar non-demented cases aged 85–105 years have been reported previously, who had neurofibrillary tangles in the medial temporal lobe, but no deposition of amyloid plaques. Together with observations on other aging and very mild AD cases, these can be related to a model of aging and AD. In this model, tangles develop independently but relatively slowly during aging; these represent neurodegeneration, but by themselves may not represent AD. In contrast, amyloid may be the driving factor in AD, exacerbating neurofibrillary changes and other neurodegeneration. There is a pre-clinical period when the process has begun but has not produced sufficient degeneration to produce clinical symptoms. Critical questions raised by the present report include what genetic or other factors allowed healthy survival to age 115 year, and whether anti-amyloid therapies will allow more general survival in good mental health beyond age 100?
Qualitative Developmental Research Methods in their Historical and Epistemological Contexts

Methodologie ist kein mit unterschiedlichen Methoden gefullter "Werkzeugkasten", aus dem Forschende bestimmte Methoden aufgrund personlicher oder sozialer Praferenzen auswahlen: Was wir von den ganzheitspsychologischen Traditionen des letzten Jahrhunderts gelernt haben ist, dass bei der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung von Entwicklungsprozessen das gesamte Phanomen berucksichtigt werden muss. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werfen wir einen Blick auf die fundamentale Ideologie, die qualitativen und quantitativen Methodologien in entwicklungsspezifischen Kontexten unterliegt. Hierbei nehmen wir auch die Bedeutung von "Entwicklung" nochmals genauer unter die Lupe, d.h. die direktionale Transformation von Ganzheiten. Neben einer kurzen geschichtlichen Ubersicht uber "verlorene" Entwicklungsperspektiven sprechen wir auch die Moglichkeit einer Unifikation von qualitativen und quantitativen Methoden an. Letztendlich hoffen wir zu verdeutlichen, dass Methodologie Teil eines epistemologischen Prozesses ist. Methodologie kann dabei die empirische Realitat im Prozess der Wissenskonstruktion auf-, aber ebenso leicht verdecken. Die Koordination der verschiedenen Perspektiven hangt schlussendlich vom Verstandnis des Phanomens sowie von der genauen Forschungsfrage ab. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs060189
Achievement of personalized pain goal in cancer patients referred to a supportive care clinic at a comprehensive cancer center

BACKGROUND Cancer pain initiatives recommend using the personalized pain goal (PPG) to tailor pain management. This study was conducted to examine the feasibility and stability of PPG, and how it compares to the clinical pain response criteria.
HSV-1 amplicon-mediated transfer of 128-kb BMP-2 genomic locus stimulates osteoblast differentiation in vitro ☆

In previous studies, we developed mouse genetic models and discovered genetic components of quantitative trait loci on mouse chromosomes that contribute to phenotypes such as bone size, bone density, and fracture healing. However, these regions contain dozens of genes in several overlapping bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and are difficult to clone by physical cloning strategies. A feasible and efficient approach of identifying candidate genes is to transfer the genomic loci in BAC clones into mammalian cells for functional studies. In this study, we retrofitted a BAC construct into herpes simplex virus-1 amplicon and packaged it into an infectious BAC (iBAC) to test gene function in a cell-based system, using a 128-kb clone containing the complete bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene. We transduced MC3T3-E1 cells with the iBAC bearing BMP-2 gene and examined transgene expression and function. Our results have demonstrated that an iBAC can efficiently deliver a BMP-2 genomic locus into preosteoblast cells and express functional BMP-2 protein, inducing a phenotype of cell differentiation, as indicated by an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Therefore, this experimental system provides a rapid, efficient cell-based model of high-throughput phenotypic screening to identify the BAC clones from physically mapped regions that are important for osteoblast differentiation. It also illustrates the potential of iBAC technology in functional testing of single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the distal promoter or/and intron regions responsible for low bone density.
Epidemiological synergy. Interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Understanding the role of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the role of STDs in progression of HIV disease, and the role of HIV infection in alterations of natural history, diagnosis, or response to therapy of STDs is critical to the development of optimal strategies for HIV control. One hundred sixty-three studies on the interrelationships between HIV infection and other STDs were examined. Of 75 studies on the role of STDs in HIV transmission, the 15 analyses of examination or laboratory evidence of STDs adjusted for sexual behavior showed that both ulcerative and nonulcerative STDs increase the risk of HIV transmission approximately 3- to 5-fold. Due to limited data, the role of STDs in progression of disease remains unclear. Preliminary data from 83 reports on the impact of HIV infection on STDs suggest that, at a community level, HIV infection may increase the prevalence of some STDs (e.g., genital ulcers). If coinfection with HIV prolongs or augments the infectiousness of individuals with STDs, and if the same STDs facilitate transmission of HIV, these infections may greatly amplify one another. This "epidemiological synergy" may be responsible for the explosive growth of the HIV pandemic in some populations. Effective STD control programs will be essential to HIV prevention in these communities.
“Tolerance” assays: the physician's guide to safe weaning of immunosuppression?

Abstract For many years, cellular assays, including mixed leukocyte reactions, cell-mediated lympholysis, and T helper and T cytotoxic cell precursor frequency analyses, have been used to monitor the immune response status of organ allograft recipients. The predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of such assays have often been questioned. In addition, no in vitro assay has been shown to correlate reliably with or to predict operational tolerance. As tolerogenic strategies are introduced into clinical testing, the need for development and validation of “tolerance” assays is great. Herein, we survey contemporary and emerging technologic approaches to confront this challenge.
Enhanced FoxP3 expression and Treg cell function in pregnant and estrogen-treated mice

Estrogen (E2) upregulates the FoxP3 gene that marks regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells (Treg cells). However, E2 also inhibits the ability of antigen presenting cells (APC) to activate T cells. It is possible that these opposing functions might affect the degree of overt suppression during pregnancy and autoimmunity. To evaluate E2 effects on Treg cell function, we quantified FoxP3 levels and Treg suppression in CD4+CD25+ T cells from pregnant and E2-treated mice, and overt Treg suppression in E2- vs. placebo-pretreated mice with autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The data clearly demonstrate that enhanced expression of FoxP3, which occurs in pregnant mice and in mice treated exogenously with E2 pellets, results in a concomitant increase in functional suppression within the CD4+CD25(bright) Treg fraction of splenocytes. The similarities in FoxP3 expression and Treg cell function in E2-treated and pregnant mice implicate E2 as a major contributor for increasing Treg function during pregnancy. Surprisingly, suppression was not enhanced when Treg cells from E2-treated mice were activated with APC and CD4+CD25- responder T cells from the same E2-treated mice, a result consistent with impaired APC activation of Treg cells. In contrast, Treg suppression was strikingly enhanced in combined cell cultures from E2-pretreated mice that were protected from EAE induced with neuroantigen in complete Freund's adjuvant. These results suggest that E2 treatment may have opposing effects on Treg cells vs. APC that both contribute to overt suppression, but such effects are overcome and focused towards enhanced suppression in inflammatory environments produced during pregnancy and EAE.
Insight-oriented group psychotherapy of latency-age children in an acute care setting

Traditional approaches to group therapy with latency-age children have stressed activity and nonverbal therapeutic interventions. These approaches originated in the 1940s with Slavson's activity aroup therapy. A review of the literature of the past 25 years reveals that many clinicians have increasingly employed verbal techniques with latencyage groups. Most such reports describe groups for latency-age out-patients. In this paper, a verbal, interpretive technique for group therapy with latency-age inpatients is described. Clinical vignettes are included to illustrate this technique. Our experience suggests that such a technique can become an integral part of the inpatient treatment program for the latency-age child.
Polyamines inhibit the protein kinase 380--catalyzed phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine specifically inhibit the PK 380--catalyzed phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF-2 alpha). Since te PK 380--dependent phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha inhibits the initiation or protein synthesis, the possibility exists that the polyamines enhance protein synthesis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha by PK 380.
Physical and biological regulation of neuron regenerative growth and network formation on recombinant dragline silks

Recombinant spider silks produced in transgenic goat milk were studied as cell culture matrices for neuronal growth. Major ampullate spidroin 1 (MaSp1) supported neuronal growth, axon extension and network connectivity, with cell morphology comparable to the gold standard poly-lysine. In addition, neurons growing on MaSp1 films had increased neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression at both mRNA and protein levels. The results indicate that MaSp1 films present useful surface charge and substrate stiffness to support the growth of primary rat cortical neurons. Moreover, a putative neuron-specific surface binding sequence GRGGL within MaSp1 may contribute to the biological regulation of neuron growth. These findings indicate that MaSp1 could regulate neuron growth through its physical and biological features. This dual regulation mode of MaSp1 could provide an alternative strategy for generating functional silk materials for neural tissue engineering.
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus induced by chemotherapy: gemcitabine as a causative agent.

Importance Several chemotherapeutic agents have been reported to induce subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). To our knowledge, this is the first report to date of SCLE induced by monotherapeutic gemcitabine hydrochloride and includes a comprehensive review of all published cases of chemotherapeutic drug-induced SCLE. Observations We describe a patient who developed a SCLE–like eruption after being administered gemcitabine and discuss 16 other published cases of chemotherapeutic drug–induced SCLE. Conclusions and Relevance This case and a review of the literature call attention to gemcitabine and other chemotherapeutic agents that have been reported to cause drug-induced SCLE. We also discuss the clinical features of the disease.
Intraoperative Hoffa Fracture During Primary ACL Reconstruction: Can Hamstring Graft and Tunnel Diameter Be Too Large?

Intraoperative fracture during tunnel placement in primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is rarely reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of an intraoperative distal femoral coronal plane (Hoffa) fracture that occurred during independent femoral tunnel drilling and dilation in a primary ACL reconstruction. The patient was treated with open reduction and internal fixation, without compromise of graft stability and with good re- covery of function. We discuss the potential ramifications of such a complication in the context of the current emphasis placed on large graft and femoral tunnel sizes.
Effects of space shuttle flight on the reflectance characteristics of diffusers in the NIR, VIS, and UV

In this study we report on the effects of space flight on the reflectance properties of PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene) and aluminum diffuser samples that were flown along with the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet experiment on STS-43, STS-45, and STS-56. These initial experiments showed good stability in the visible and near infrared with some degradation in the ultraviolet which vary from flight to flight which could be attributed to different amounts of contamination levels. This paper reports on the diffuser material processing, the space environment experienced, and the results of the reflectance measurements and the surface chemical analysis before and after flight.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Assessing Dimensionality of Noncompensatory Multidimensional Item Response Theory With Complex Structures

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of complex structure on dimensionality assessment in noncompensatory multidimensional item response models using dimensionality assessment pr...
Domesticating dissent: The Kennedys and the freedom rides

Traditional critiques of social movements have generally explained the strategies of agitators, to the neglect of the discourse of social control which surrounds and frames the movement. Conversely, studies that examine the language of social control often focus on broad issues, such as the “public vocabulary” available to rhetors, rather than on the encounters between authorities and agitators. Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony offers a useful way to develop an alternative theoretical approach to the symbolic process of social control. Examination of the Kennedy Administration response to and press coverage of the Freedom Rides in 1961 demonstrates the critical power of an analysis of hegemony, revealing four strategies that domesticated the dissent of the Riders.
Introduction: Racialized Poverty in U.S. Cities: Toward a Refined Racial Economy Perspective

This discussion hones and refines one conceptual orientation in geography and urban studies increasingly used to understand racialized poverty and marginalization in U.S. cities: racial economy. The article illuminates two aspects of this perspective, as an ongoing ontological project with six dominant features and as a base of epistemological understandings about contemporary racialized realities in current U.S. cities and society. This discussion shows racial economy to be still developing and in need of deeper theorizing.
Approximate solution for a fluidized-bed biofilm model

Abstract An approximate algebraic solution for a fluidized-bed biofilm model, based on Monod kinetics, was developed using a one-point orthogonal collocation method. The solution was compared with an accurate numerical solution and was found to be accurate for the case where biofilm is “shallow”.
A Kernel-Free Particle-Finite Element Method for Hypervelocity Impact Simulation

An improved hybrid particle-finite element method has been developed for the simulation of hypervelocity impact problems. Unlike alternative methods, the revised formulation computes the density without reference to any kernel or interpolation functions, for either the density or the rate of dilatation. This simplifies the state space model and leads to a significant reduction in computational cost. The improved method introduces internal energy variables as generalized coordinates in a new formulation of the thermomechanical Lagrange equations. Example problems show good agreement with exact solutions in one dimension and good agreement with experimental data in a three dimensional simulation.
Interannual variation and host affiliations of endophytic fungi associated with ferns at La Selva, Costa Rica

Ferns are an ancient and diverse lineage of vascular plants that differ morphologically, chemically and in growth habits from the angiosperms with which they co-occur. We used a culture-based approach coupled with phylogenetic analyses to characterize the incidence, diversity and composition of fungal endophyte assemblages in ferns, with a focus on healthy aboveground tissues of seven species of eupolypods at La Selva, Costa Rica. Endophytes were isolated from every individual plant and were similarly abundant and diverse in frond blades and stalks, in different vegetation types, in epiphytic vs. terrestrial species, and between sampling years. However, abundance, diversity and community structure differed significantly among fern species, and composition differed markedly between sampling years. Phylogenetic classification using separate and combined datasets revealed that as for many Neotropical angiosperms, the majority (95%) of endophyte taxa were Ascomycota, with particular dominance by Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes. However, our data suggest higher phylogenetic richness and stronger host affinities in fern associated endophytes relative to those studied in angiosperms thus far.
Belimumab: Where Are We Three Years After FDA Approval?

Belimumab, a B cell modulator that inhibits soluble BlyS, was the first agent approved by the FDA for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in over 50 years. Although its licensed indication is broad, only 5 % of lupus patients in the USA have been prescribed the agent since its introduction in 2011. This is largely a consequence of uncertainties relating to length/duration of treatment; long-term safety especially concerning mental health issues; response in patients with nephritis, central nervous system disease, and pediatric lupus; efficacy among African-Americans; and perceived lack of pharmacoeconomic benefits. Over 95 % of post-approval-treated patients reside in the USA. Nonetheless, belimumab has turned out not only to be remarkably safe and well tolerated but is also associated with clear cut clinical improvement in approximately 70 % of individuals who have been treated. Its principal benefits are observed in patients with moderate to severe disease with mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, constitutional, and/or serositis manifestations who are not responsive or unable to decrease their corticosteroid dose, as well as those who are intolerant to or in whom methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, or azathioprine are not effective or contraindicated. Work on its use as induction therapy for recent onset lupus is a promising avenue for investigation.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and properties of heavier alkaline earth complexes containing bis(pyrazolyl)borate or bis(3,5-diisopropylpyrazolyl)borate ligands

Abstract Treatment of a solid mixture of KBH4 with six equivalents of 3,5-diisopropylpyrazole (iPr2pzH) at 180 °C afforded KTpiPr2(iPr2PzH)3 in 53% yield. KBpiPr2 was synthesized in 56% yield by treatment of a 1:2 M ratio of KBH4 and iPr2PzH in refluxing dimethylacetamide. Treatment of MI2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) with two equivalents of KBp or KBpiPr2 in tetrahydrofuran afforded MBp2(THF)2 (M = Ca, 64%, M = Sr, 81%), BaBp2(THF)4 (32%), and M(BpiPr2)2(THF)2 (M = Ca, 63%; M = Sr, 61%, M = Ba, 48%) as colorless crystalline solids upon workup. These complexes were characterized by spectral and analytical techniques and by X-ray crystal structure determinations of all complexes except KBpiPr2. KTpiPr2(iPr2PzH)3 contains one κ3-N,N,N-TpiPr2 ligand and three κ1-iPr2pzH ligands, with overall distorted octahedral geometry about the K ion. The iPr2PzH nitrogen–hydrogen bonds are engaged in intramolecular hydrogen bonding to the 2-nitrogen atoms of the TpiPr2 ligand. The solid state structures of MBp2(THF)2, BaBp2(THF)4, and M(BpiPr2)2(THF)2 contain κ3-N,N,H Bp and BpiPr2 ligands, which form through metal–nitrogen bond formation to the 2-nitrogen atoms of the pyrazolyl fragments and metal–hydrogen bond formation to one boron-bound hydrogen atom per Bp ligand. SrBp2(THF)2has the shortest metal–hydrogen interactions among the series. A combination of preparative sublimations, solid state decomposition temperatures, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that MBp2(THF)2, BaBp2(THF)4, and M(BpiPr2)2(THF)2 undergo solid state decomposition at moderate temperatures.
Mixing Planes Revisited: A Steady Mixing Plane Approach Designed to Combine High Levels of Conservation and Robustness

The use of “mixing planes” for steady multistage turbomachinery calculations has been common for some time. The basic idea is simple: in order to perform quasi-steady multistage turbomachinery calculations, the exchange of information at an interface between stationary and rotating blade rows must involve a pitchwise averaging process. This pitchwise averaging implies a mixing process of some sort, which may or may not have a physical analog. This paper revisits the mixing plane idea, and describes an attempt to produce a novel mixing plane algorithm that achieves several key goals, including complete flux conservation at the interface, robustness, indifference to local flow direction and non-reflectivity. The key elements of the algorithm are described, along with some examples of its application.Copyright © 2008 by ASME