cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen transport studies in nanocrystalline ceria films

Oxygen uptake and conductivity were measured by nuclear-reaction analysis and alternating current impedance technique at the intermediate temperature range on sol-gel grown nanocrystalline ceria films with average grain-sizes 7 nm and 38 nm synthesized at 723 and 1173 K, respectively. Higher oxygen uptake and lower ionic conductivity were observed in ceria films with ∼7-nm grain size. High permeation-assisted oxygen diffusion in nanocrystallites combined with oxygen trapping in the disordered region contributed to higher oxygen uptake. However, the lower ionic conductivity in the film resulted from the absence of long-range lattice ordering and inactive grain-boundary/surface oxygen vacancy sites due to oxygenation. The relationship between oxygen uptake and conductivity in ceria is discussed in details by considering grain-size dependent defect density, related surface area, and enhanced oxygen mobility.
Symmetrical multiband antenna for wireless network applications

A new printed CPW-fed monopole antenna for WLAN and WiMAX application with band-rejection performance has been experimentally and theoretically discussed. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 50×35 mm2. For multiband performance of the proposed antenna, the dimensions of the notch on the ground plane and radiation patch have been studied by parameter analysis. Furthermore, embedding a narrow C slot on a rectangular patch of monopole yields dual band-rejected characteristic. The proposed antenna with an advantage of compact size and good radiation performance is suitable for WLAN and WiMAX applications.
Analysis of tube hydroforming by means of an inverse approach

This paper presents a computational tool for the analysis of freely hydroformed tubes by means of an inverse approach. The formulation of the inverse method developed by Guo et al. is adopted and extended to the tube hydrofoming problems in which the initial geometry is a round tube submitted to hydraulic pressure and axial feed at the tube ends (end-feed). A simple criterion based on a forming limit diagram is used to predict the necking regions in the deformed workpiece. Although the developed computational tool is a stand-alone code, it has been linked to the Marc finite element code for meshing and visualization of results. The application of the inverse approach to tube hydroforming is illustrated through the analyses of the aluminum alloy AA6061-T4 seamless tubes under free hydroforming conditions. The results obtained are in good agreement with those issued from a direct incremental approach. However, the computational time in the inverse procedure is much less than that in the incremental method.
Producing their fates: why poor Basseri settled but poor Komachi and Yomut did not

Earlier studies of Iranian nomadic pastoralists have stressed the importance of pastoralists' exchange relations with the settled world; however, significant elements of that exchange relationship have been ignored. In particular, little attention has been paid to historic differences in the kinds of commodities pastoral communities produced for exchange or to the implications of those differences. This paper examines three Iranian pastoral communities and shows that differences in the products they exchanged are associated with different labor requirements, which are, in turn, associated with such significant aspects of the communities' social organization as their use or non-use of hired shepherding labor and the passing from the community of impoverished households. [pastoralists, Iran, economic organization, economic history]
Development, Evaluation, and Future Directions of the PREPaRE School Crisis Prevention and Intervention Training Curriculum

This article describes the development, program evaluation, and future directions of the PREPaRE School Crisis Prevention and Intervention Training Curriculum (PREPaRE). Satisfaction ratings were analyzed for 1,073 participants who attended the Crisis Prevention and Preparedness workshop (Workshop 1) and 1,008 participants who attended the Crisis Intervention and Recovery workshop (Workshop 2). Results suggested high participant satisfaction. To assess the extent to which the curriculum achieved its objectives, analyses of pre- and posttest data were conducted for 1,212 Workshop 1 participants and 1,008 Workshop 2 participants. Results revealed significant improvements in crisis prevention and intervention attitudes and knowledge. A qualitative analysis of workshop evaluation comments indicated strengths regarding the content, workshop materials, and active learning components as well as areas to improve, such as reducing the quantity of information presented. Study limitations, as well as future directio...
Redesign of an undergraduate controls laboratory with an eye toward accommodating future upgrades

This paper describes a recent and very advantageous upgrade of the undergraduate controls laboratory in the Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department at Kansas State University. The current lab has been in use for about a decade. Details regarding the original hardware fundamental to the laboratory activities, including the embedded digital signal processor (DSP) and the brushless DC motor stand (called the “Motorlab”), are presented and a summary of each of the fourteen weekly lab exercises is included. The DSP control program and PC user interface (UI) were each written in C. In order to accommodate future lab needs and to ease the maintenance burden, the embedded DSP was replaced by a PC running Real-Time LabVIEW from National Instruments (NI) and a NI data acquisition card. The original lab software was replaced with programs produced graphically in LabVIEW, known as Virtual Instruments (VIs). The VIs implement the controller on the real-time PC as well as the user interface on a host PC. Both the embedded DSP and the LabVIEW controllers are able to close the loop on the laboratory equipment with a 10 kHz, hard real-time, sample rate.
Task context impacts visual object processing differentially across the cortex

Perception reflects an integration of “bottom-up” (sensory-driven) and “top-down” (internally generated) signals. Although models of visual processing often emphasize the central role of feed-forward hierarchical processing, less is known about the impact of top-down signals on complex visual representations. Here, we investigated whether and how the observer’s goals modulate object processing across the cortex. We examined responses elicited by a diverse set of objects under six distinct tasks, focusing on either physical (e.g., color) or conceptual properties (e.g., man-made). Critically, the same stimuli were presented in all tasks, allowing us to investigate how task impacts the neural representations of identical visual input. We found that task has an extensive and differential impact on object processing across the cortex. First, we found task-dependent representations in the ventral temporal and prefrontal cortex. In particular, although object identity could be decoded from the multivoxel response within task, there was a significant reduction in decoding across tasks. In contrast, the early visual cortex evidenced equivalent decoding within and across tasks, indicating task-independent representations. Second, task information was pervasive and present from the earliest stages of object processing. However, although the responses of the ventral temporal, prefrontal, and parietal cortex enabled decoding of both the type of task (physical/conceptual) and the specific task (e.g., color), the early visual cortex was not sensitive to type of task and could only be used to decode individual physical tasks. Thus, object processing is highly influenced by the behavioral goal of the observer, highlighting how top-down signals constrain and inform the formation of visual representations.
Long-range movement and fibril association of type X collagen within embryonic cartilage matrix.

Abstract A recent immunoelectron microscopic study of type X collagen in developing cartilage gave results that could be explained by movement of the molecule from one region of the cartilage matrix to another, there becoming associated with preexisting collagen fibrils. In the present study, to test the feasibility of this model we incubated pieces of nonhypertrophic, embryonic chicken sternal cartilage (which has no endogenous type X collagen) in medium with type X collagen and then used immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy to evaluate movement of the molecule through the matrix. The results show that type X collagen molecules can indeed pass through embryonic sternal cartilage matrix and subsequently become fibril-associated.
Conjoint Analysis in Entrepreneurship Research: A Review and Research Agenda

We review conjoint analysis (CA) usage in recent entrepreneurship research to assess how researchers have used the method to study entrepreneurial decision making. We first provide a brief overview...
Multifractal description of singular measures in dynamical systems.

We analyze the recent work by Halsey et al. [Phys. Rev. A 33, 1141 (1986)] on the characterization of certain singular measures in dynamical systems in terms of algebraic singularities of strength \ensuremath{\alpha} and their dimensions f(\ensuremath{\alpha}). Analytic study of the two-scale Cantor set suggests that these singularities are only virtual in nature and f(\ensuremath{\alpha}), which has previously been interpreted as the fractal dimension for the subset of singularities of strength \ensuremath{\alpha}, is not so. Modified interpretation of f(\ensuremath{\alpha}) is provided.
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of diffuse extreme ultraviolet scatterers and extreme ultraviolet baffle materials

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements of a number of diffuse extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scatterers and EUV baffle materials have been performed with the Goddard EUV scatterometer. BRDF data are presented for white Spectralon SRS-99 at 121.6 nm; the data exhibit a non-Lambertian nature and a total hemispherical reflectance lower than 0.15. Data are also presented for an evaporated Cu black sample, a black Spectralon SRS-02 sample, and a Martin Optical Black sample at wavelengths of 58.4 and 121.6 nm and for angles of incidence of 15° and 45°. Overall Martin Optical Black exhibited the lowest BRDF characteristic, with a total hemispherical reflectance of the order of 0.01 and measured BRDF values as low as 2 × 10-3 sr-1.
Challenges for knowledge discovery in biology

Bioinformatics is the study of information flow in biology. Interest in the field has exploded in the last 10 years with the emergence of techniques for large scale experimental data collection-including genome sequencing, gene expression analysis, protein interaction detection, high-throughput structure determination and others. These techniques, in the context of a large online published literature, have created relatively large data sets (at least by biological standards) that are not possible to analyze manually. There is therefore a critical need for methods to analyze these data and reduce them to new knowledge. The principle challenges to the field include the great diversity of data types and questions that are asked of the data, and the communication difficulties that can exist between experts in biology and experts in machine learning. In this talk, I will provide an introduction to the major biological questions that are being addressed, why they are important, and how the field is trying to address them with technical approaches.
Separation factors in permeation stages

Abstract A comparison is made of separation factors commonly used to characterize separations in single-entry barrier-permeation stages. These include the overall, heads, tails and Sandell's separation factors together with Rony's extent of separation. Equations are developed which show how the various separation indexes are related to stage cut, recovery and loss terms, and to each other. Calculations were made to compare the various separation indexes to determine which are suitable to characterize the “goodness” of separation in ideal countercurrent, cross-flow, cocurrent, and perfect mixed permeation stages. When compared at the same stage cut all of the separation indexes can be used as a qualitative measure of separation. However, only Rony's extent of separation appears to be generally applicable when comparing separations that are based on different stage cuts, or product stream rates. In all cases the extent of separation index gives a qualitative, and presumably a quantitative, measure of the goodness of separation.
Characterization of bromhexine and ambroxol in equine urine: effect of furosemide on identification and confirmation.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to develop a simple and sensitive screening procedure for identifying and confirming bromhexine and ambroxol and, (2) to determine the effect of furosemide on the detection of bromhexine, ambroxol, or their metabolites in urine. Female horses (450-550 kg) treated with bromhexine or ambroxol (1 g, p.o.) were used. Urine samples were collected up to 48 h post-drug administration and analysed. Blind samples were used in evaluating the sensitivity of these methods and reproducibility of the results. Bromhexine and ambroxol were extensively metabolized in the horse. These agents and their respective metabolites were identified and confirmed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Hydroxy-bromhexine and desmethyl-bromhexine were major metabolites found to be unique to bromhexine-treated horses. These metabolites selectively absent from ambroxol-treated horse urine provide a chemical means to distinguish bromhexine from ambroxol administration in horses. These specific metabolites were similarly identified and confirmed in "blind" horse urine samples. The concomitant presence of furosemide (300 mg, i.v.) with bromhexine or ambroxol did not mask the presence of these agents or alter their metabolite profile. By application of the methods described in this study, bromhexine and ambroxol metabolites in horse urine can be easily identified and confirmed.
Synopsis of Evaluating Security Controls Based on Key Performance Indicators and Stakeholder Mission Value

Information security continues to evolve in response to disruptive changes with a persistent focus on information-centric controls and a healthy debate about balancing endpoint and network protection, with the goal of improved enterprise and business risk management. Economic uncertainty, intensively collaborative work styles, virtualization, increased outsourcing and ongoing compliance pressures require careful consideration and adaptation of a balanced approach. The cyberspace security econometrics system (CSES) provides a measure of reliability, security and safety of a system that accounts for the criticality of each requirement as a function of one or more stakeholderspsila interests in that requirement. For a given stakeholder, CSES reflects the variance that may exist among the stakes one attaches to meeting each requirement. This paper summarizes the basis, objectives and capabilities for the CSES including inputs/outputs as well as the structural underpinnings.
Reply by Authors to P. Katz and to T. Papis

HE comments are concerned with the basic assumption that the gases in the exit plane are rotating with the same angular velocity as the body. In the real vehicle this assumption may not be correct, but an accurate time history of the gas particles is difficult to obtain. The analysis could be modified as indicated by Katz if the rotational velocity were known a priori. It was indicated in both comments that no jet damping would be present for a frictionless gas. The authors' analysis1 would give an upper bound to the effect of jet damping. The mechanism for the transfer of angular momentum between the burned fuel and the vehicle is very complex. For the analysis presented by Warner and Snyder, the needed mechanism could be furnished best by a liquid-propellant rocket. The injector plate of the rocket engine would impart to the fuel some of the angular velocity required for the momentum transfer. A solid-propellant rocket is much easier to model mathematically than the liquid rocket but would rely mainly on the viscous effect of the gas. Papis discussed other effects which could change the spin of the vehicle, and these effects may be greater than the jet damping. The authors are pleased with these constructive comments, for it is through discussions of this nature that knowledge is disseminated.
Glutamic acid decar☐ylase activity decreases in mouse neocortex after lesions of the basal forebrain

Abstract Glutamic acid decar☐ylase (GAD) activity was measured in the cerebral cortex of animals after acute and chronic lesions to basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei. Such lesions were shown to result in an extensive depletion of cholinergic markers in parietal cerebral cortex. A statistically significant 30% decrease in GAD activity was first detected at 6 weeks postlesion and was still measurable 8 months after the lesion. These results suggest that cholinergic inputs to cortex indirectly or directly influence GABAergic transmission in cortex.
The central nervous system transcriptome of the weakly electric brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus): de novo assembly, annotation, and proteomics validation

The brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus) is a weakly electric teleost fish of particular interest as a versatile model system for a variety of research areas in neuroscience and biology. The comprehensive information available on the neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of this organism has enabled significant advances in such areas as the study of the neural basis of behavior, the development of adult-born neurons in the central nervous system and their involvement in the regeneration of nervous tissue, as well as brain aging and senescence. Despite substantial scientific interest in this species, no genomic resources are currently available. Here, we report the de novo assembly and annotation of the A. leptorhynchus transcriptome. After evaluating several trimming and transcript reconstruction strategies, de novo assembly using Trinity uncovered 42,459 unique contigs containing at least a partial protein-coding sequence based on alignment to a reference set of known Actinopterygii sequences. As many as 11,847 of these contigs contained full or near-full length protein sequences, providing broad coverage of the proteome. A variety of non-coding RNA sequences were also identified and annotated, including conserved long intergenic non-coding RNA and other long non-coding RNA observed previously to be expressed in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain, as well as a variety of miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA. Shotgun proteomics confirmed translation of open reading frames from over 2,000 transcripts, including alternative splice variants. Assignment of tandem mass spectra was greatly improved by use of the assembly compared to databases of sequences from closely related organisms. The assembly and raw reads have been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number GBKR00000000. Tandem mass spectrometry data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001285. Presented here is the first release of an annotated de novo transcriptome assembly from Apteronotus leptorhynchus, providing a broad overview of RNA expressed in central nervous system tissue. The assembly, which includes substantial coverage of a wide variety of both protein coding and non-coding transcripts, will allow the development of better tools to understand the mechanisms underlying unique characteristics of the knifefish model system, such as their tremendous regenerative capacity and negligible brain senescence.
Predictive coulometry based on first-order kinetic linearization

Abstract A general linearizaiton method developed for the estimation of the parameters of kinetic process obeying a first-order exponential decay is applied to the problem of predicting the end-point integral in controlled-potential coulometry. The method is capable of estimating and correcting for the continuous faradaic background current, and is also designed to tolerate transient perturbations such as those caused by uncompensated cell resistance or some types of kinetic complications in the electrochemical reaction. The technique was tested with data obtained from several different types of electrolyses and found to yield accurate results in 25–40% of the time required for a complete electrolysis.
Heritage, Human Rights, and Social Justice

What is the distinction between human rights and social justice frameworks? In heritage contexts, distinctions do matter. Despite its potential in protecting cultural heritage and mediating conflict, human rights regimes have been overburdened in taking on heritage issues. In certain contexts, an inclusion of a social justice agenda provides advocacy and voice to communities whose needs have been marginalized. A social justice approach is positioned to take on issues of inequalities, injustices, or violations of heritage and cultural rights, and provide avenues for “communities of connection” (indigenous, subaltern, descendant, and local communities) to challenge how their heritage is represented.
Modern Mind‐Brain Reading: Psychophysiology, Physiology, and Cognition

This paper reviews the actual and potential benefits of a marriage between cognitive psychology and psychophysiology. Psychophysiological measures, particularly those of the event-related brain potential, can be used as markers for psychological events and physiological events. Thus, they can serve as "windows" on the mind and as "windows" on the brain. These ideas are illustrated in the context of a series of studies utilizing the lateralized readiness potential, a measure of electrical brain activity that is related to preparation for movement. This measure has been used to illuminate presetting processes that prepare the motor system for action, to demonstrate the presence of the transmission of partial information in the cognitive system, and to identify processes responsible for the inhibition of responses. The lateralized readiness potential appears to reflect activity in motor areas of cortex. Thus, this measure, along with other psychophysiological measures, can be used to understand how the functions of the mind are implemented in the brain.
Circannual excystment of resting cysts of Alexandrium spp. from eastern Gulf of Maine populations

Abstract Species of the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium, present in most of the Gulf of Maine (GOM), Bay of Fundy and Gulf of St. Lawrence as well as in many other areas of the world, are known to cause toxicity to marine organisms and humans alike. Excystment of Alexandrium fundyense from the eastern region of the GOM (Penobscot Bay to Bay of Fundy) was followed through four germination cycles (4 years). An annual, free-running oscillation in germination was observed under constant environmental conditions, indicating control by an endogenous clock for these eastern cysts, as shown earlier for cysts from the western region of the GOM. This circannual endogenous clock had an average period of 11 months. The phase of germination remained constant for cysts from all three stations sampled. Cysts did not germinate, despite favorable growth conditions, in summer-to-fall and this timing was consistent among cysts from all stations. The timing of cyst germination is highly relevant to modeling of Alexandrium sp. bloom initiation and depletion, as there are cyst “seed beds” near shore and offshore in the eastern and western regions of the GOM.
Disorder-induced topological defects in a d = 2 elastic medium at zero temperature

The density and correlations of topological defects are investigated numerically in a model of a d=2 elastic medium subject to a periodic quenched random potential. The computed density of defects decreases approximately exponentially with the defect core energy. Comparing the defect-free ground state with the ground state with defects, it is found that the difference is described by string-like excitations, bounded by defect pairs, which have a fractal dimension of 1.250(3). At zero temperature, the disorder-induced defects screen the interaction of introduced vortex pairs.
Economics, social justice and the common good: Roman‐Catholic perspectives

Purpose – Aims to discuss whether Roman Catholicism can legitimately lay claim to a distinctive brand of Economics, as well as to concepts of Social Justice and the Common Good.Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual approach is taken.Findings – To what traditionally has been packaged under the rubric of “Social Catholicism” the author has assigned the alias “Roman‐Catholic Social Economy(ics)”. This has the effect of rechristening and casting in English dress what emerged unequivocally (and parochially) as Economie politique chretienne in a realm of thought and language where the adjective “Christian” was virtually synonymous with Franco‐Roman‐Catholic, and the (ideological/praxeological) theses assailed lay across the channel in Smithian political economy and British industrial society. The formal, official definition of “Social Justice” is enunciated in nothing less than a papal Encyclical Letter. Forms and formulations of “Social Lutheranism” there are, but a tradition thereof remains to establish ...
UNDOING GENDER THROUGH LEGISLATION AND SCHOOLING: THE CASE OF AB 537 AND AB 394 IN CALIFORNIA, USA

This article investigates California laws AB 537: The Student Safety and Violence Prevention Act of 2000, and the recently enacted AB 394: Safe Place to Learn Act. Both demand that gender identity and sexual orientation be added to the lexicon of anti-harassment protection in public education. However, despite these progressive measures, schools have an unconscious acceptance of heteronormativity and gendered norms, which undermines both the spirit and language of these laws. This paper examines how California schools can both change standard practices and realise the transformative social change that laws like AB 537 and AB 394 can instigate. I assert that the systemic implementation of these laws, through the adoption, enforcement and evaluation of existing AB 537 Task Force Recommendations, is necessary for their success. My second assertion is that AB 537 and AB 394 have the potential to change and reconstitute gender-based and heteronormative standards at school sites.
Lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: assessment of lectin activity.

Abstract Alloimmune mouse spleen cells are capable of carrying out nonspecific cell-mediated cytolysis of syngeneic target cells when incubated in the presence of lectins such as Con A or PHA (lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). In the present study plant lectins from a variety of sources were examined for their ability to participate in alloimmune-LDCC. Reactivity was then compared to mitogenic activity and the ability to activate cytotoxic effector cells in vitro. Of the lectins tested only those reported to be T-cell mitogens were capable of participating in alloimmune-LDCC. Agglutinating but nonmitogenic lectins (e.g., WGA) or mitogens such as LPS or PWM failed to yield positive LDCC. Of the T-cell mitogens demonstrating positive reactivity in the alloimmune-LDCC assay, only a portion were able to generate cytolytic activity when incubated with normal spleen cells in vitro (Con A, GPA, lentil). Crude PHA, purified erythroagglutinin, or leukagglutinin failed to generate cytotoxic effector cells in this system even though these were mitogenic and demonstrated positive alloimmune-LDCC. The results suggest that T-cell mitogens interact with cytotoxic effector cells in a manner which specifically triggers cytolysis. The relationship of this interaction to other lymphocyte-lectin interactions is discussed.
Rapid loss of efficacy to the antiseizure drugs lamotrigine and carbamazepine: a novel experimental model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy

Summary Purpose Kindling is a well-established model of secondarily generalized partial seizures that is widely employed in the search for novel antiseizure drugs. During the kindling and postkindling acquisition phase, an active process of neuronal remodeling occurs. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to the voltage-gated sodium channel blockers lamotrigine (LTG) and carbamazepine (CBZ) during the period of active remodeling will lead to a diminished therapeutic effect. Methods Two days after the last kindling stimulation, fully kindled rats were randomized to receive either 0.5% methyl cellulose (MC), LTG (30 mg/kg), or CBZ (40 mg/kg). The effect of LTG and CBZ on behavioral seizure severity and electrographic afterdischarge duration (ADD) was recorded. One week after this treatment, rats in both groups were rechallenged with LTG 30 or CBZ 40 mg/kg and their seizure score and ADD recorded. In vitro efficacy of LTG on neuronal action potentials was also evaluated using whole cell current clamp recording in hippocampal brain slices obtained from kindled control rats, LTG-sensitive kindled rats, and LTG-resistant kindled rats. Key Findings When acutely administered 48 h after the last kindling stimulation, LTG and CBZ blocked the expression of behavioral seizures and reduced the ADD. In contrast, a second challenge dose of LTG or CBZ administered after a 7-day “no drug, no stimulation” period did not result in reduction of either the seizure score or the ADD. Interestingly, the potassium channel opener, ezogabine, also known as retigabine (EZG; 40 mg/kg), blocked the expression of behavioral seizures at both time points evaluated (i.e., 2 days and 9 days after last stimulation). In vivo resistance to LTG was associated with a similar reduction in the ability of LTG to limit action potential firing in CA1 neurons. LTG (50 μm) significantly decreased the number of action potentials generated by a depolarizing current pulse in neurons recorded from slices obtained from kindled control and LTG-sensitive rats, but not in slices obtained from LTG-resistant rats. Significance Collectively, results obtained from both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that even a single exposure to the sodium channel blockers LTG, or CBZ, during the postkindling remodeling phase leads to an altered pharmacologic response to these two ASDs, but not to EZG. The LTG- and CBZ-resistant amygdala kindled rats may serve as a useful model of therapy-resistant epilepsy.
Deformation behavior of [001] Ti-56Al single crystals

Abstract Specimens of an [001]-oriented Ti-56at.%Al single crystal were tested at room temperature (RT) and 873 K. The elevated temperature sample displayed anomalous yield behavior, confirming the previous findings. Dislocation structures in the deformed samples at RT and 873 K, respectively, were observed by TEM. The micrographs for both RT and 873 K show long, partial dislocation loops of 〈101] superdislocations. However, dislocation dissociation behavior at the two temperatures was quite different. At room temperature, the 〈101] dislocations dissociated into a 1 6 [112] plus a 1 6 [5 1 4] dislocation connected by an SISF, whereas at elevated temperature, a dissociation involving two 1 2 〈101] dislocations linked by an anti-phase boundary (APB) was observed. These observations suggest that at elevated temperature, a Kear-Wilsdorf or a “roof-type” barrier is responsible for the anomalous flow stress. These results and their impact on the overall deformation behavior of gamma titanium aluminides will be discussed.
Horizontal capillary flow of a Newtonian liquid in a narrow gap between a plane wall and a sinusoidal wall

An experimental and theoretical study of the capillary flow of a Newtonian liquid (mineral oil) in a Hele-Shaw cell in which the gap varies sinusoidally in one coordinate direction, and flow takes place in the direction of constant channel cross-sectional area is reported. The geometric non-uniformity of the gap is observed to produce interface fingering. Finger length is observed to increase with decreasing spacing between plates of fixed shape, and with increasing gross penetration distance. In the regime of interest, finger length is observed to increase slowly with increasing interface advancement, motivating a quasi-steady model in which gross interface advancement is predicted by a Lucas–Washburn model and interface fingering is predicted by a Hele-Shaw model of steady flow. The steady interface velocity in the Hele-Shaw model is set equal to the instantaneous interface velocity predicted by the Lucas–Washburn model. Fingering predicted by the quasi-steady model matches the experimentally observed trends with regards to plate spacing and gross penetration distance.
Inference of a genetic regulatory network model from limited time series data

Numerous approaches exist for modeling of genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) but the low sampling rates often employed in biological studies prevents the inference of detailed models from experimental data. In this paper, we analyze the issues involved in estimating a model of a GRN from single cell line time series data with limited time points. We present an inference approach for a Boolean Network (BN) model of a GRN from limited transcriptomic or proteomic time series data based on prior biological knowledge of connectivity, constraints on attractor structure and robust design. Through theoretical analysis and simulations, we showed the rarity of arriving at a BN from limited time series data with plausible biological structure using random connectivity and absence of structure in data. We applied our inference approach to 6 time point transcriptomic data on HMEC cell lines after application of EGF and generated a BN with a plausible biological structure satisfying the data.
Setting a trap for tissue fibrosis

The accumulation of fibroblasts in epithelial organs such as the kidney can produce dangerous scars. Such tissue fibrosis begins when epithelial cells morph into fibroblasts by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A key regulator of this process in the kidney now emerges ( pages 387–393 ).
Content-aware TCP-friendly congestion control for multimedia transmission

In this paper, we propose a content-aware congestion control for multimedia streaming over TCP/IP networks. Unlike existing congestion control schemes over the Internet that adapt a user's sending rate merely to the network condition, our solution adapts the sending rate to both the network condition and the application characteristics by explicitly considering the distortion impacts, delay deadlines, and interdependencies of different multimedia packet classes. The proposed media-aware solution models the congestion control problem using a Foresighted-Packet-Based optimization and determines the optimal congestion control policy that maximizes the long-term multimedia quality, while adhering to the horizon- K TCP-friendliness constraint, which ensures long-term fairness with existing TCP applications. Our simulation results show that the content-aware congestion control achieves more than 3dB improvement in terms of PSNR over the conventional TCP congestion control approaches, with the largest improvements observed for real-time streaming applications requiring stringent playback delays.
Self-assembled Ordered Energetic Composites of CuO Nanorods and Nanowells and Al Nanoparticles with High Burn Rates

Current approaches of mixing fuel and oxidizer nanoparticles or adding fuel nanoparticles to oxidizer gel lead to an overall reduced interfacial area of contact between them and thus, limit their burn rates severely. We have developed an approach of self-assembling fuel nanoparticles around an oxidizer matrix using a monofunctional polymer, poly(4)-vinyl pyridine (P4VP). The polymer has been used to accomplish binding of fuel and oxidizer in a molecularly engineered manner. We use composite of Al-nanoparticles and CuO nanorods for executing this self-assembly. TEM images of this composite confirms the self-assembly of Al-nanoparticles around the oxidizer nanorods. The burn rate of self-assembled composite has been found significantly higher than that of the composite prepared by simple mixing.
Numerical simulations of carrier transport in pillar structured solid state thermal neutron detector

This work reports characterization and modeling of a novel three dimensionally integrated silicon p+, intrinsic, n+ (PIN) diode micropillar array for thermal neutron detection.
Linear road: a stream data management benchmark

This paper specifies the Linear Road Benchmark for Stream Data Management Systems (SDMS). Stream Data Management Systems process streaming data by executing continuous and historical queries while producing query results in real-time. This benchmark makes it possible to compare the performance characteristics of SDMS' relative to each other and to alternative (e.g., Relational Database) systems. Linear Road has been endorsed as an SDMS benchmark by the developers of both the Aurora [1] (out of Brandeis University, Brown University and MIT) and STREAM [8] (out of Stanford University) stream systems. Linear Road simulates a toll system for the motor vehicle expressways of a large metropolitan area. The tolling system uses "variable tolling" [6, 11, 9]: an increasingly prevalent tolling technique that uses such dynamic factors as traffic congestion and accident proximity to calculate toll charges. Linear Road specifies a variable tolling system for a fictional urban area including such features as accident detection and alerts, traffic congestion measurements, toll calculations and historical queries. After specifying the benchmark, we describe experimental results involving two implementations: one using a commercially available Relational Database and the other using Aurora. Our results show that a dedicated Stream Data Management System can outperform a Relational Database by at least a factor of 5 on streaming data applications.
Safe and Stabilizing Distributed Cellular Flows

Advances in wireless vehicular networks present us with opportunities for developing new distributed traffic control algorithms that avoid phenomena such as abrupt phase transitions. Towards this end, we study the problem of distributed traffic control in a partitioned plane where the movement of all entities (vehicles) within each partition (cell) is tightly coupled. We present a distributed traffic control protocol that guarantees minimum separation between vehicles at all times, even when some cells' control software may fail. Once failures cease, the protocol is guaranteed to stabilize and the vehicles with feasible paths to a target cell make progress towards it. The algorithm relies on two general principles: temporary blocking for maintenance of safety and local geographical routing for guaranteeing progress. Our proofs use mostly assertional reasoning and may serve as a template for analyzing other safe and stabilizing distributed traffic control protocols. We also present simulation results which provide estimates of throughput as a function of vehicle velocity, safety separation, path complexity, and failure-recovery rates.
Jellyfish and Ctenophore Blooms Coincide with Human Proliferations and Environmental Perturbations

Human populations have been concentrated along and exploiting the coastal zones for millennia. Of regions with the highest human impacts on the oceans (Halpern et al. 2008), 6 of the top 10 have recently experienced blooms or problems with jellies. I review the time lines of human population growth and their effects on the coastal environment. I explore evidence suggesting that human activities—specifically, seafood harvest, eutrophication, hard substrate additions, transport of nonindigenous species, aquaculture, and climate change—may benefit jelly populations. Direct evidence is lacking for most of these factors; however, numerous correlations show abundant jellies in areas with warm temperatures and low forage fish populations. Jelly populations fluctuate in ∼10- and ∼20-year cycles in concert with solar and climate cycles. Global warming will provide a rising baseline against which climate cycles will cause fluctuations in jelly populations. The probable acceleration of anthropogenic effects may lead...
Addressing Psychosocial Aspects of Care for Patients with Diabetes Undergoing Limb Salvage Surgery.

Surgeons provide a key role in improving the life of patients with diabetes-related foot complications who undergo limb salvage surgery as an alternative to amputation. An integrated multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the emotional well-being of these patients to avoid potential complications that may prolong their convalescence and further degrade their psychosocial welfare. The authors attempt to increase awareness of critical preoperative risk factors that should be obtained by a thorough comprehensive psychosocial evaluation. In addition, this article discusses how to interact with the patient and his or her family throughout the perioperative period, assisting the patient in managing psychosocially and increasing the likelihood of an optimal outcome.
Incidence and Severity of Pancreatogenic Diabetes After Pancreatic Resection

While many patients experience prolonged survival after pancreatic resection for benign or malignant disease, the long-term risk of pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (DM) remains poorly characterized. One thousand one hundred seven patients underwent pancreatectomy at Thomas Jefferson University between 2006 and 2013. Attempts were made to contact all living patients by telephone and a DM-focused questionnaire was administered. Two hundred fifty-nine of 691 (37 %) surviving patients completed the survey, including 179 pancreaticoduodenectomies (PD), 78 distal pancreatectomies (DP), and 2 total pancreatectomies. In the PD group, 44 (25 %) patients reported having DM prior to resection. Of these, 5 (12 %) had improved glucose control after resection and 21 (48 %) reported escalated DM medication requirements post-resection. Of 135 PD patients without preoperative DM, 24 (18 %) had new-onset DM postoperatively. In the DP group, 23 patients (29 %) had DM preoperatively. None had improved glucose control after resection, while six (26 %) had worse control after resection. Seventeen of 55 DP patients (31 %) without preoperative DM developed new-onset DM postoperatively (p = 0.04 vs. PD). Preoperative HgbA1C >6.0 %, glucose >124 mg/dL, and insulin use >2 units per day were associated with an increased risk of new-onset postoperative DM. The development or worsening of DM after pancreatic resection is extremely common, with different types of resections conveying different risks for disease progression. DP places patients at a greater risk for the development of new-onset postoperative diabetes when compared to PD. In contrast, patients with preoperative diabetes are more likely to experience worsening of their disease after PD as compared to DP. Patients should be screened prospectively, particularly those at highest risk, and informed of and educated about the potential for post-resection DM.
Nest-Habitat Selection by the Phainopepla: Congruence Across Spatial Scales But Not Habitat Types

Abstract. Animals select habitat to satisfy life-history requirements, yet few habitat-selection studies consider multiple factors, especially food. Because resources vary in abundance and quality across different spatial scales or habitat types, selected habitat features may also vary, making habitat selection incongruent. Using an information-theoretical approach, we assessed whether Phainopeplas (Phainopepla nitens) select breeding habitat for food abundance or vegetation structure at nest-tree and nest-patch scales in two woodland types, acacia and mesquite, in the Mojave Desert. Habitat selection at the tree and patch scales was congruent: models containing both food (mistletoe) and structure variables had stronger support than models with only food or structure variables. In both woodland types, nest trees were larger and had more food, and in nest patches food abundance, tree density, tree height, and cover were greater than in non-nest patches. However, nests in acacia were higher than those in me...
The Deconstruction of the First Amendment

The main questions which the paper sets out to answer is, “What kind of speech is protected by the First Amendment?”. The framework in which the question is answered develops a distinction between the experience of language in an oral culture in contrast to a textual culture that has alphabetic language as well as a print technology. In an oral culture the meaning of a word and the power of speech is its function within the system of social relationships. Speech in order to be meaningful must be related to action. In a society with advanced print technology on the other hand the meaning a word depends upon its role within a network of texts, not upon its performative function. Once this distinction is made the paper then examines a series of historically important Supreme Court decisions to show that the kind of speech that has been protected by the First Amendment has been speech that is divorced from action, what the paper calls inefficacious speech. The paper concludes by considering implications that arise from the proposition that we are entering into oral culture for a second time as a result of electronic technology which transmits information with audio and visual immediacy.
Opposite-channel-based injection of hot-carriers in SOI MOSFET's: physics and applications

An extensive study of the recently observed opposite-channel-based injection (OCBI) of hot-carriers in SOI MOSFET's is carried out by PISCES numerical calculations. The study reveals similar patterns of injection for partially-depleted (PD) and fully-depleted (FD) devices, although there are significant quantitative differences. Important differences also exist when stressing the device with the body floating versus body grounded. The results demonstrate that when stressing one channel, carriers can and are injected into the opposite gate. The results also demonstrate that under appropriate bias conditions pure electron/hole injection takes place, and establish these conditions. The practical significance of this ability to inject only electrons or only holes in any desired sequence is illustrated by exploiting it to investigate the time-power law of interface state generation and to design a SOI EEPROM cell with a back channel based erasing scheme.
Networking paradigm for distributed sensor networks

An increasing number of distributed sensor networks are being deployed in a wide spectrum of scenarios for both military and civilian applications. The design of such systems requires the integration of many methods for solving various problems ranging from sensor deployment, through data communication, information fusion to environmental inference and hypothesis testing. We focus on the network aspects in support of data communication services. We present some recent developments in networking techniques for multiple sensor systems in three topics: efficient mobile agent routing in mobile agent-based distributed sensor networks, bandwidth aggregation using multiple paths in wide-area wireline networks, and connectivity enhancement using node movements in small-area wireless mobile ad-hoc networks