cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TGFβ2-Hepcidin Feed-Forward Loop in the Trabecular Meshwork Implicates Iron in Glaucomatous Pathology.

Purpose Elevated levels of transforming-growth-factor (TGF)-β2 in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and aqueous humor are associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The underlying mechanism includes alteration of extracellular matrix homeostasis through Smad-dependent and independent signaling. Smad4, an essential co-Smad, upregulates hepcidin, the master regulator of iron homeostasis. Here, we explored whether TGF-β2 upregulates hepcidin, implicating iron in the pathogenesis of POAG. Methods Primary human TM cells and human and bovine ex vivo anterior segment organ cultures were exposed to bioactive TGF-β2, hepcidin, heparin (a hepcidin antagonist), or N-acetyl carnosine (an antioxidant), and the change in the expression of hepcidin, ferroportin, ferritin, and TGF-β2 was evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified with dihydroethidium, an ROS-sensitive dye. Results Primary human TM cells and bovine TM tissue synthesize hepcidin locally, which is upregulated by bioactive TGF-β2. Hepcidin downregulates ferroportin, its downstream target, increasing ferritin and iron-catalyzed ROS. This causes reciprocal upregulation of TGF-β2 at the transcriptional and translational levels. Heparin downregulates hepcidin, and reduces TGF-β2-mediated increase in ferritin and ROS. Notably, both heparin and N-acetyl carnosine reduce TGF-β2-mediated reciprocal upregulation of TGF-β2. Conclusions The above observations suggest that TGF-β2 and hepcidin form a self-sustained feed-forward loop through iron-catalyzed ROS. This loop is partially disrupted by a hepcidin antagonist and an anti-oxidant, implicating iron and ROS in TGF-β2-mediated POAG. We propose that modification of currently available hepcidin antagonists for ocular use may prove beneficial for the therapeutic management of TGF-β2-associated POAG.
Dynamics of polymer segments, polymer chains, and nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposite melts: A review

Abstract The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) to a polymer matrix, forming a polymer nanocomposite (PNC), is known to alter the microscopic dynamic processes of both species which leads to unique macroscopic material properties of the PNC. Because the NPs and polymers have overlapping characteristic length, time, and energy scales, the interactions within these materials are complex and the dynamics are interrelated. In this review, we present an overview of experimental, simulation, and theoretical results that probe multi-scale polymer and nanoparticle dynamics in polymer nanocomposites and navigate the dense parameter space presented by these multicomponent systems. Although a variety of PNC systems are mentioned, we focus this discussion on linear thermoplastics filled with hard spherical or cylindrical NPs in the melt state. We begin by introducing PNCs, the dynamic processes within them, and the importance of dynamics for properties and processing. At the smallest length and time scales, we discuss segmental dynamics in PNCs, including the role of polymer attributes, NP attributes, and NP-polymer interactions. Then, we present measurements of collective motions and intermediate (Rouse) dynamics in various PNC materials. At longer length and time scales, we discuss polymer center-of-mass diffusion in PNCs with either spherical or anisotropic NPs. We then explore the dynamics of the NPs in PNCs and polymer melts, including theoretical predictions, simulation results, and experimental observations. Finally, we note some of the remaining challenges in probing dynamics in PNC materials and fundamentally studying PNCs more generally.
Characteristics of Ongoing Clinical Trials for Alcohol Use Disorder Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.

This cross-sectional study evaluates the characteristics of ongoing clinical trials for alcohol use disorder medications registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, including the medications, populations, and end points currently being studied.
In Vitro Derivation of Quiescent Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Based on Distinct Mitochondrial Activity.

Summary Embryonic diapause is a naturally occurring strategy in mammals that determines successful rates of gestation under unfavorable conditions. This dormant state can be captured in the form of quiescent mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we present a step-by-step protocol to derive quiescent ESCs that naturally exist in culture by harnessing the heterogeneity of mitochondrial activity. The derived quiescent ESCs with low mitochondrial activity can be utilized as a surrogate to study stages of early embryonic development. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Khoa et al. (2020) .
Prevalence and associated factors regarding electronic cigarette smoking among adults in Shandong province

Objective: To understand the awareness, current or past behavior on electronic cigarette smoking (ECS) and associated factors, among adults aged ≥15 years old in Shandong province. Relationship between ECS and cessation of smoking was also studied. Methods: Using the global standard questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 6 401 adults selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sample method. Electronic data was collected by handheld computer. Data were weighted and analyzed by SPSS 19.0 complex program. Results: The prevalence rates of awareness, ever or current smoking of e-cigarettes appeared as 37.6%, 3.8% and 0.6% respectively. Data from logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for ECS were living in urban area, at younger age, being current or former cigarettes smoker and with knowledge on the risks of smoking or being encouraged to stop smoking. Among the electronic cigarettes smokers, those who tried to quit smoking (30.1%) had a significantly higher rate than that of the non-smokers (19.5%) (P<0.05), however, the successful quitting rate was much lower than that in the non-ECS users (P<0.05). Conclusions: Rates on the awareness and uptake of electronic cigarettes are on the rise. It is necessary to strengthen and standardize the monitoring programs to provide evidence for setting up targeting intervention strategies.
Catalytic Carbodiimide Guanylation by a Nucleophilic, High Spin Iron(II) Imido Complex.

Reduction of the three-coordinate iron(III) imido [Ph2B(tBuIm)2Fe═NDipp] (1) affords [Ph2B(tBuIm)2Fe═NDipp][K(18-C-6)THF2] (2), a rare example of a high-spin (S = 2) iron(II) imido complex. Unusually for a late metal imido complex, the imido ligand in 2 has nucleophilic character, as demonstrated by the reaction with DippNH2, which establishes an equilibrium with the bis(anilido) complex [Ph2B(tBuIm)2Fe(NHDipp)2][K(18-C-6)THF2] (3). In an unusual transformation, formal insertion of iPrN═C═NiPr into the Fe═N(imido) bond yields the guanidinate [Ph2B(tBuIm)2Fe(iPrN)2CNDipp][K(18-C-6)THF2] (4). Reaction of 4 with excess DippNH2 provides 3, along with the guanidine (iPrNH)2C═NDipp. As suggested by these stoichiometric reactions, 2 is an efficient catalyst for the guanylation of carbodiimides, converting a wide range of aniline substrates under mild conditions.
Participatory Surveillance of COVID-19 in Lesotho via Weekly Calls: Protocol for Cell Phone Data Collection.

Background: The increase in cell phone ownership in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) has created an opportunity for low-cost, rapid data collection by calling participants on their cell phones. Cell phones can be mobilized for a myriad of data collection purposes, including surveillance. In LMIC, cell phone–based surveillance has been used to track Ebola, measles, acute flaccid paralysis, and diarrheal disease, as well as noncommunicable diseases. Phone-based surveillance in LMIC is a particularly pertinent, burgeoning approach in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participatory surveillance via cell phone could allow governments to assess burden of disease and complements existing surveillance systems. Objective: We describe the protocol for the LeCellPHIA (Lesotho Cell Phone PHIA) project, a cell phone surveillance system that collects weekly population-based data on influenza-like illness (ILI) in Lesotho by calling a representative sample of a recent face-to-face survey. Methods: We established a phone-based surveillance system to collect ILI symptoms from approximately 1700 participants who had participated in a recent face-to-face survey in Lesotho, the Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) Survey. Of the 15,267 PHIA participants who were over 18 years old, 11,975 (78.44%) consented to future research and provided a valid phone number. We followed the PHIA sample design and included 342 primary sampling units from 10 districts. We randomly selected 5 households from each primary sampling unit that had an eligible participant and sampled 1 person per household. We oversampled the elderly, as they are more likely to be affected by COVID-19. A 3-day Zoom training was conducted in June 2020 to train LeCellPHIA interviewers. Results: The surveillance system launched July 1, 2020, beginning with a 2-week enrollment period followed by weekly calls that will continue until September 30, 2022. Of the 11,975 phone numbers that were in the sample frame, 3020 were sampled, and 1778 were enrolled. Conclusions: The surveillance system will track COVID-19 in a resource-limited setting. The novel approach of a weekly cell phone–based surveillance system can be used to track other health outcomes, and this protocol provides information about how to implement such a system.
Global increase in tropical cyclone rain rate

Theoretical models of the potential intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) suggest that TC rainfall rates should increase in a warmer environment but limited observational evidence has been studied to test these hypotheses on a global scale. The present study explores the general trends of TC rainfall rates based on a 19-year (1998–2016) time series of continuous observational data collected by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and the Global Precipitation Measurement mission. Overall, observations exhibit an increasing trend in the average TC rainfall rate of about 1.3% per year, a fact that is contributed mainly by the combined effect of the reduction in the inner-core rainfall rate with the increase in rainfall rate on the rainband region. We found that the increasing trend is more pronounced in the Northwestern Pacific and North Atlantic than in other global basins, and it is relatively uniform for all TC intensities. Further analysis shows that these trends are associated with increases in sea surface temperature and total precipitable water in the TC environment. How much the potential intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) increases in warmer environments is not well known. Here, the authors show that TC rainfall rates have increased by 1.3% per year between 1998 and 2018, a trend that is mainly driven by stronger rainfall in the outer-core region of TCs.
Contrived and Remediated GPU Thread Divergence Using a Flattening Technique

General-purpose GPU applications have become mainstream. However, to this day, some code with major thread divergence can ruin GPU performance. In this work, we demonstrate examples of such code. We also propose a solution in the form of a flattening technique, which, although creates poor CPU performance, can be used to revive a GPU ruined by extreme thread divergence. We show the effect of data input on divergence and performance and compare this to the flattened approach called algorithm flattening (AF). AF trades off best-case performance for deterministic performance and works well in the average case, where extreme divergence exists.
Venous Strangulation as an Unusual Cause of MitraClip System Delivery Failure

We illustrate the novel approach of right iliac vein stenting for the delivery of a MitraClip steerable sheath system (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) in a patient with a unique case of venous obstruction. An 85-year-old man with decompensated heart failure due to severe mitral
When Exposures go wrong: Troubleshooting guidelines for managing difficult scenarios that arise in exposure-based treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) is widely accepted as the most effective psychological treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the extant literature and treatment manuals cannot fully address all the variations in client presentation, the diversity of ERP tasks, and how to negotiate the inevitable therapeutic challenges that may occur. Within this article, we attempt to address common difficulties encountered by therapists employing exposure-based therapy in areas related to: 1) when clients fail to habituate to their anxiety, 2) when clients misjudge how much anxiety an exposure will actually cause, 3) when incidental exposures happen in session, 4) when mental or covert rituals interfere with treatment, and 5) when clients demonstrate exceptionally high sensitivities to anxiety. The goal of this paper is to bridge the gap between treatment theory and practical implementation issues encountered by therapists providing CBT for OCD.
The Community Service Self-Efficacy Scale: Further Evidence of Reliability and Validity

SUMMARY The Community Service Self-Efficacy Scale (CSSES) measures “… the individual's confidence in his or her own ability to make clinically significant contributions to the community through service” (Reeb et al., p. 48). Three studies reported in this article replicate and extend past CSSES research. With regard to reliability, results replicate past research in demonstrating internal consistency and temporal consistency. Convergent validity was demonstrated by the finding that, as hypothesized, the CSSES correlated moderately with a measure of general self-efficacy. As hypothesized, the correlation between the CSSES and a measure of social desirability was low in magnitude and non-significant, demonstrating discriminant validity. Regarding gender differences, females tended to score somewhat higher than males on the CSSES. With respect to construct validity, CSSES scores changed in the hypothesized direction in response to an intervention. While past CSSES research focused on college students, one st...
Hibernating Large Soderberg Cells

A procedure is proposed to lower the anode in metal pad with the power on pots, in case of prolonged partial shutdowns forced on Soderberg pots. Details are given of changes in voltage, temperature of metal and anode top, bakedome and restart in the case of a large pot left in hibernating state for 7 days. Advantages of adopting this procedure and limitations to its application set by local conditions are discussed.
The Effects of Quantification on Persuasion when Outcome is Uncertain: The Case of IT Security

Businesses are being targeted by cyber-extortionists at a minimum cost of hundreds of millions of dollars per year (Computer Crime and Security Survey 2004). A top reason listed for failure to incorporate better system security the inability to persuade top management of its value (Ernst and Young 2004). Previous studies suggest that quantitative arguments are more persuasive than qualitative arguments in business proposals, suggesting that proposals including the quantitative costs and benefits of system security would be appropriate to present to management (Porter 1995; Birdsell 1998; Kadous, Koonce, and Towry 2005). Due to the difficulties in quantifying returns in some projects, I look to theory in psychology to show when qualitative proposals would prove more effective. Goal framing has shown that emphasizing the negative is more persuasive than emphasizing the positive (Levin, Schneider, and Gaeth 1998). Following, I propose and find that in settings when the outcome is uncertain in quantitative terms, that qualitative arguments that accentuate the potential to avoid negative outcomes associated with lesser security are more persuasive than quantification.
Titration and Melting Curves of the Collagen-like Triple Helices Formed from (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 in Aqueous Solution

Previous reports demonstrated that synthetic polytripeptides of the structure (Pro-Pro-Gly)10, prepared with a specific modification of the Merrifield technique, formed triple helical structures in aqueous solution which were similar to the triple helical structures of tropocollagen. The studies presented here were undertaken in order to answer the question of whether the individual polytripeptide chains within the triple helices were packed in a parallel fashion similar to vertebrate collagen or in an antiparallel fashion similar to the structure which has been suggested for collagen from the cuticle of the round worm, Ascaris lumbricoides. It was found that electrostatic interactions between the COOH-terminal and NH-terminal groups of (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 could be used to probe the detailed structure of triple helices formed by the polytripeptide. Titration of (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 in triple helical conformation indicated that the pK of the NH-terminal group was 0.59 units lower than the pK for the same group in nonhelical (Pro-Pro-Gly)5. The titration of the NH-terminal group of helical (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 was significantly broader than the theoretically predicted curve, and the pK increased after the polytripeptide was heated and quenched. Furthermore, the melting curve for the helix coil transition of (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 was changed by protonation of the NH-terminal or COOH-terminal groups. The Tm for the dipolar ion form was about 10° lower than for either the fully protonated or unprotonated forms of the helical polytripeptide. The results indicate that in the triple helical structure formed by (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 the three chains are in register and parallel.
Interest in child molestation among a community sample of men sexually attracted to children

Research including community samples of men suggests that sexual attraction to children, a significant risk factor for child sex-offending behaviour, may not be limited to forensic populations. The present study investigated proclivity for child molestation among two groups of community men: those who reported never acting on their sexual attractions (Not Acted) and those reporting at least one previous sexual encounter with a child (Acted). The Interest in Child Molestation Scale (Gannon & O'Connor, 2011) was found to be a reliable measure for use in a community sample of men with self-reported sexual attraction to children. Men in the Not Acted group reported less behavioural propensity towards low-force scenarios than did men in the Acted group. Overall, the research supports a distinction between sexual attraction towards children and the proclivity to engage in low-force child molestation.
Recombination rates of O and CO on solid CO2: Implications for the composition of the martian atmosphere

Abstract An atomic oxygen flow system and a C14 radiochemical technique have been used to show that the reactions O + CO → CO2 and O + O → O2, are heterogeneously catalysed by solid CO2 at 77 K. The O-CO recombination is first order in CO and inhibited by O, whereas the O-O recombination is first order in O and weakly inhibited by CO. Assuming simple first order kinetics, recombination coefficients γco = 1.3(±0.9) × 10−5 and γO = 0.05± 0.02 are determined. A recombination mechanism involving an intermediate adsorbed CO3 is proposed. If the kinetic results are assumed to apply under Martian surface conditions, then conversion of CO to CO2 by reaction on the solid CO2 at the polar caps occurs at ~10 times the total column recombination rates for homogeneous reactions previously proposed; night-side CO2 ice clouds would also constitute an important recombination surface.
Sports participation following total hip arthroplasty.

Total Hip Athroplasty (THA) is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery to address severe osteoarthritis (OA) in the hip joint. With the burgeoning “baby boomer” generation and older athletes who wish to return to competitive levels of sports, understanding how sporting activity affects THA outcomes is becoming exceptionally important. The purpose of this review is to characterize the current recommendations and risks for returning to sports after THA, as well as discuss the implications of the changing demographic and level of expectation on rehabilitation paradigms. Although the actual risks associated with participating in sports after THA are unknown, there are concerns that higher levels of physical activity after THA may increase risk for fracture, dislocation and poor long‐term outcomes. Evidence surrounding the specific effect of sporting activity on wear after THA is conflicting. Newer alternatives such as metal‐on‐metal hip resurfacing are expected to provide better durability but there are concerns of systemic metal ions from mechanical wear, although the impact of these ions on patient health is not clear. Tracking outcomes in patients participating in higher level activities after THA presents a problem. Recently the High Activity Arthroplasty Score has been developed in response to the need to quantify higher level of physical activity and sports participation after joint arthroplasty. This measure has been shown to have a higher ceiling effect than other common outcome measures. There is little prospective evidence regarding the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes with higher level of sporting activity. There is some evidence to suggest that wear may be related to activity level, but the impact on clinical outcomes is conflicting. When advising an athlete considering returning to sport after THA, consider their preoperative activity level, current physical fitness, and specific history including bone quality, surgical approach and type of prosthesis. Level of evidence: 5
A small sample randomized clinical trial methodology using N-of-1 designs and mixed model analysis.

Background/Objectives: To date, research on substance abuse prevention relied extensively on large sample randomized clinical trials to evaluate intervention programs. These designs are appropriate for certain types of randomized prevention trials (e.g., efficacy or effectiveness for broad populations) but are unfeasible for other prevention science scenarios (e.g., rare pathologies, pilot studies, or replication tests at specific locales). Methods: An alternative randomized clinical trial is described that relies on much smaller samples, less resources than the large sample designs, randomization, N-of-1 designs for the intervention group, and mixed model analysis. Results: This methodology is illustrated using a small sample prevention study, which demonstrates its statistical power, flexibility, and sophistication for experimental testing of prevention-oriented research questions. Scientific Significance: This methodology can be applied to many existing prevention datasets to facilitate secondary analy...
Linear scaling computation of the Fock matrix. III. Formation of the exchange matrix with permutational symmetry

A direct comparison is made between two recently proposed methods for linear scaling computation of the Hartree–Fock exchange matrix to investigate the importance of exploiting two-electron integral permutational symmetry. Calculations on three-dimensional water clusters and graphitic sheets with different basis sets and levels of accuracy are presented to identify specific cases where permutational symmetry may or may not be useful. We conclude that a reduction in integrals via permutational symmetry does not necessarily translate into a reduction in computation times. For large insulating systems and weakly contracted basis sets the advantage of permutational symmetry is found to be negligible, while for noninsulating systems and highly contracted basis sets a fourfold speedup is approached.
The role of positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in the evaluation of the epilepsies.

Cerebral glucose metabolic mapping using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2deoxyglucose (FDG) has been extensively studied in the epilepsies. Regions of interictal glucose hypometabolism are highly associated with cerebral sites of seizure generation-propagation in focal epilepsies. The volume of reduced glucose metabolism is often widespread and even bilateral in focal epilepsies, although ictal onset zones typically are located at the sites of most severe hypometabolism within a larger volume of hypometabolism. The West syndrome and other symptomatic generalized epilepsies sometimes demonstrate lateralized and localized regions of glucose metabolic abnormality. Though it is clear that decreased neuronal density causes decreased [ 18 F]FDG uptake, neuronal losses do not fully account for the distribution and severity of abnormalities on [ 18 F]FDG PET. The pathophysiology of decreased [ 18 F]FDG activity interictally in the epilepsies is unknown. Interictal [ 18 F]FDG PET is clinically applied in
777-1 Effective Delivery of Radiofrequency Energy Through the Coronary Sinus without Impedance Rise Using a Saline Irrigated Electrode

Some left free-wall and posteroseptal accessory pathways (AP) are located relatively close to the coronary sinus (CS) or its branches. Limitations of ablation from the venous system include rapid occurrence of an impedance rise at low power and the risk of perforation, due to high electrode temperature. We hypothesized that saline irrigation through the ablation electrode will maintain a low electrode temperature and allow safe application of higher RF power. In 14 dogs (18–22 kg), a 7F deflectable catheter with a lumen and a 5 mm tip electrode containing a thermistor and 6 irrigation holes was inserted into the CS. During saline irrigation (60 ml/min), two RF applications were delivered for 60 seconds or until an impedance rise. One application was placed in lateral-anterolateral CS and one was placed in the orifice or proximal segment of the middle cardiac vein. CS angiography was performed before and immediately after ablation and 6 days later (just before sacrifice). n Voltage (V) Power (W) Imp Rise Elect Temp (°C) Lesion Diameter (mm) 10 50 24 ± 3 0/10 31 ± 3 2.8 ± 0.8 18 66 45 ± 5 3/18 34 ± 5 7.6 ± 1.4 Impedance rise occurred with electrode temperature l 40 °C and an audible pop and no thrombus formation. Lesions involving the epicardial surface of both the left atrium and ventricle (Fig) were found in 17/18 sites at 66 V but only 1/10 sites at 50 V. Necrosis did not extend to the endocardium at any of the 28 sites, eliminating risk of thromboembolism. CS angiography showed Download : Download high-res image (113KB) Download : Download full-size image patent veins and no evidence of perforation after ablation and at 6 days in all 14 dogs. Segmental necrosis of the adventitia and media (but not intima) of the LCx coronary artery (bold arrow) was present in 8/18 lesions of 66 V and 0/10 at 50 V. Conclusions Electrode cooling by saline irrigation allows high power (66 V, 45 W) RF application in the CS and venous branches, producing lesions likely to ablate epicardial left free-wall and posteroseptal AP. The significance of segmental medical necrosis (normal intima) of LCx is unknown.
Techniques of operative reductionand fixation of triplane and juvenile tillaux fractures in adolescents

Abstract Two unique fracture patterns of the distal tibia in adolescents are the triplane fracture and the juvenile Tillauxfracture. They are known together as the transition fractures. Both patterns violate the germinal layer of the partially closed growth plate. The chief management goal with these fractures is the prevention of early osteoarthritis of the ankle by accurate and stable reduction of the intraarticular fracture fragments. Evaluation by computed tomographic (CT) scan is quite useful both preoperatively and postoperatively. If closed reduction under anesthesia is unsuccessful, open reduction and internal fixation are indicated.
Quantitative Analysis of Liquid Fuel Mixtures with the Use of Fourier Transform Near-IR Raman Spectroscopy

Near-infrared Fourier transform (near-IR FT) Raman spectroscopy was used to predict mass percentages of liquid fuel mixtures without the use of an internal standard. The 29 mixtures making up the calibration set were composed of varying mass percentages of unleaded gasoline, super-unleaded gasoline, and diesel. Predictions were made with the use of classical least-squares with the pure components. Root mean square error (RMSE) values for all samples were 13.5, 13.8, and 5.2% (absolute error) for unleaded, superunleaded, and diesel, respectively. Using an estimate of the pure spectra determined by calibration gave RMSE values of 13.3% for unleaded, 12.2% for superunleaded, and 5.0% for diesel. A partial least-squares (PLS) model was able to partially compensate for matrix effects. Using different portions of the Raman spectra reduced the RMSE to 5.7% for unleaded, 5.2% for superunleaded, and 1.3% for diesel.
Registration of SAR and FLIR images for fusion ATR applications

We present an algorithm for SAR and FLIR image registration with the goal of facilitating the matching or association of potential targets detected from both images. Our algorithm is a feature point based approach, therefore the preprocessing is relatively simple. We use available sensor truth information to establish an initial registration, which we argue is a good approximation to the actual one up to a linear translation caused by errors in two parameters in the sensor truth. A generalized Hough transform, or GHT, in 2-D is then used to find the residual translational registration error by finding a maximal set of matching feature points from the SAR and FLIR. The registration transformation is then updated using the set of matching feature points found by GHT. Due to the robustness of GHT to noise in the form of uncorrelated clutter feature points, our algorithm can tolerate a significant level of false alarms in the feature detection process, thereby allowing for simple detection processes to be used and still achieve very high overall target detection rate after the registration process.
Evidence for the Direct Involvement of Transmembrane Region 6 of the Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor in Activating Gs

Abstract The luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHR) is a heptahelical receptor that interacts primarily with Gs. Previous studies by others have shown that some forms of familial male precocious puberty are associated with mutations of the human LHR in the sixth transmembrane region that result in constitutive activation of the receptor. This study demonstrates that a peptide corresponding to the lower portion of the sixth transmembrane region of the LHR can significantly activate adenylyl cyclase activity. Experiments with membranes derived from wild-type versus cyc − S49 cells demonstrate that the stimulation of cyclase by this peptide is due to an activation of Gs. As such, our data demonstrate a direct role for transmembrane region 6 of the rat LHR in activating Gs and therefore raise the possibility that mutations in transmembrane region 6 of the LHR may directly affect the coupling of the receptor to Gs. Significantly, these data are the first to demonstrate the ability of a transmembrane portion of a G protein-coupled receptor, in the absence of any contributions from an intracellular loop region, to activate a G protein.
Common Peroneal Entrapment Neuropathy Secondary to a Popliteal Lipoma: Ultrasound Superior to Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis

This report demonstrates the utility of musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) in the evaluation of a soft-tissue mass compressing the peroneal nerve when both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrodiagnostic studies were inconclusive. We describe the case of a woman who presented with pain and weakness in the distribution of the common peroneal nerve (CPN). Electrodiagnostic studies and MRI of the knee were normal, but US revealed her pathology to be a mobile lipoma in the popliteal fossa that compressed the CPN at its bifurcation into the deep peroneal nerve (DPN) and superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) with leg extension. Once the lipoma was located, appropriate surgical exploration and excision resulted in complete resolution of symptoms.
Clinical management of dyspnoea

Dyspnoea, defined as a sensation of an uncomfortable awareness of breathing, is one of the most frightening and distressing symptoms for patients with cancer. It is very common in cancer patients with and without direct lung involvement. The gold standard of diagnosis and assessment is the patient's self-report. Measurements of respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and arterial blood gases do not measure dyspnoea. Fast, safe, and effective relief of the symptom is possible whether or not identifiable reversible causes exist. Opioids are the first line of therapy for such relief. Medical management can be directed at the underlying cause when the potential benefits outweigh the burdens of such treatment. In rare cases for which symptomatic treatment does not control dyspnoea to the patient's satisfaction, sedation is an effective, ethical option.
An Approach to the Patient Seeking Psychiatric Disability Benefits

Psychiatric disability determination is a complicated task for the psychiatrist. With filings for disability benefits increasing, the task is becoming unavoidable. The increasing social cost of disability requires that psychiatrists learn how to respond appropriately to petitions for psychiatric disability benefits. However, there is a significant dearth of education on psychiatric disability assessment. The various disability programs are reviewed; criteria of disability determination and difficulties involved in making an assessment are examined. Characteristics of disability petitioners are reviewed, and practical suggestions are provided for psychiatrists on how to approach a psychiatric disability evaluation. Finally, recommendations for the inclusion of psychiatric disability assessment training in residency programs are outlined.
Enantioselective Complexation with a Conformationally Homogeneous C2 Podand Ionophore

Abstract The podand tetraether 1b has been prepared from (+)-diethyl tartrate. This ionophore is expected to have only one significantly populated conformation. It binds a variety of chiral organic ammonium cations with enantioselectivities corresponding to 34–42% ee.
Ethnic Matching, School Placement, and Mathematics Achievement of African American Students From Kindergarten Through Fifth Grade:

Educators, administrators, and policymakers focus much attention on closing the achievement gap, and various approaches have been suggested. The present study focuses on one approach being suggested: student–teacher ethnic matching. The study focused on the long-term contributions of African American ethnic matching to mathematical test scores of 1,200 African American students from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Kindergarten—fifth data set. Employing a two-level growth model, this study of impact from student–teacher ethnic matching revealed that a student having at least one teacher who ethnically matched themselves between kindergarten and fifth grade had a significant impact on mathematics achievement.
Sexual Aggression and Control In Dating Relationships

This paper examines the effect of interpersonal control on sexual aggression while dating. A sample of white, heterosexual, college dating relationships is examined. Data are collected on men and women who inflict and sustain sexual aggression. The results indicate that, net of other effects, interpersonal control is a significant predictor of both men and women inflicting and women sustaining sexual aggression. It is argued that future research should look more to interaction patterns among couples rather than viewing sexual aggression as the result of men demonstrating their masculinity.
Measuring optical waveforms with fiber frequency combs

A stabilized frequency comb provides a broadband array of highly resolved comb lines. Using a multiheterodyne technique, we measure the amplitude and phase of every comb line, allowing for massively parallel, high-resolution optical sampling.
A Pox on Your House

A 31-year-old, previously healthy white man presented to the emergency department with complaints of malaise, fevers, shortness of breath, a non-productive cough, and a "rash." His physical exam revealed a temperature of 100.2F, a pulse of 129 bpm, respiratory rate of 14 BPM, and blood pressure of 140/74 mm Hg. He was alert, oriented, and in no distress. His oropharynx was dry, his neck was supple, and cervical lymphadenopathy was absent. He had tachycardia, bilateral wheezes, and rhonchi with prolonged expirations. There was a diffuse vesicular eruption enveloping his entire body with involvement sparing his palms and soles (Figures 1 and 2). Laboratory values showed a hemoglobin of 16.0 g/dL and a white blood cell count of 7100 cells/pL, with 39%neutrophils, 23% bands, and 35% lymphocytes. His platelet count was mildly decreased to 86,000 x 103/pL. Chest radiograph revealed bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates. A diagnosis of acute varicella-zoster virus pneumonia (varicella pneumonia) was made, and the patient was started on IV acyclovir (10 mg/kg every 8 hours). Upon further questioning, the patient stated that his daughter had been diagnosed with "chickenpox" 7 days ago. The patient had numerous exposures to chickenpox in the past but had never developed clinical expressions of varicella. He was not at risk for HIV infection, not having multiple sexual partners, IV drug abuse, or blood transfusions. During the 1 day of in-hospitalization, his fever abated and the pulmonary signs diminished. Following discharge, IV acyclovir was replaced by valacyclovir to complete a 7-day course of therapy.
3-D CT is the most reliable imaging modality when quantifying glenoid bone loss.

Background Posttraumatic anterior shoulder instability is associated with anterior glenoid bone loss, contributing to recurrence. Accurate preoperative quantification of bone loss is paramount to avoid failure of a soft tissue stabilization procedure as bone reconstruction is recommended for glenoid defects greater than 20% to 27%.
Rotational and Vibrational State Distributions of HNC(0 0) from the Hot H Atom Reaction: H + (CN)2 → HNC + CN†

The reaction dynamics of the five-atom system, H + (CN){sub 2}, was investigated by probing the minor product channel producing the transient HNC molecule. The complete initial energy disposition, translation, rotation, and vibration was determined for the HNC(0v{sup 1}{sub 2} 0), v{sup 1}{sub 2} = 0{sup 0},1{sup -1}, product. The reaction was studied under bulk conditions and was initiated by energetic H atoms with a mean translational energy of 92 kJ mol{sup -1}. The HNC molecule was monitored by time- and frequency-resolved absorption spectroscopy with sub-Doppler resolution. The initial rotational state distribution of each HNC(0 v{sup 1}{sub 2} 0) vibrational level was measured and found to be well-described by a Boltzmann distribution. Only two vibrational levels were detected so that the initial HNC product vibrational level distribution was determined as well. The absolute reaction cross section for the title reaction was measured to be 2 x 10{sup -18} cm{sup -2} for H atoms with a nominal translational energy of 113 kJ mol.{sup -1}.
Adiponectin: A Regulator of Energy Homeostasis

Adiponectin, a protein produced exclusively in adipose tissue, occurs in serum in relatively high concentration. Its concentration is decreased in obese and in type 2 diabetic humans. When administered to mice, it enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and appears to increase free fatty acid oxidation in muscle. Adiponectin is likely to be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
Designed Compounds for Recognition of 10 Base Pairs of DNA with Two AT Binding Sites

Short AT base pair sequences that are separated by a small number of GCs are common in eukaryotic parasite genomes. Cell-permeable compounds that bind effectively and selectively to such sequences present an attractive therapeutic approach. Compounds with linked, one or two amidine-benzimidazole-phenyl (ABP) motifs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for binding to adjacent AT sites by biosensor-surface plasmon resonance (SPR). A surprising feature of the linked ABP motifs is that a set of six similar compounds has three different minor groove binding modes with the target sequences. Compounds with one ABP bind independently to two separated AT sites. Unexpectedly, compounds with two ABP motifs can bind strongly either as monomers or as cooperative dimers to the full site. The results are supported by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism, and models to explain the different binding modes are presented.
Seismic Design and Analysis of Steel Plate Shear Walls with Coupling

AbstractSpecial steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are an economical seismic lateral force resisting system used throughout North America and Japan. Architectural constraints often encourage the designer to place a pair of planar SPSWs adjacently. A logical extension of the planar SPSW system is to link two SPSWs together with coupling beams to form a SPSW with coupling (SPSW-WC). SPSW-WCs have only been addressed in a limited fashion by prior research, and current code provisions contain no guidance for their design. This research studied the force transfer mechanisms, behavior, and design of SPSW-WCs. A design methodology was developed by extending the capacity design procedures that are currently used for planar SPSWs. Fourteen prototype buildings were designed using this methodology, and representative numerical models were developed. These numerical models were validated and then used to conduct static pushover analysis and earthquake response history analysis. The results of the numerical simulations d...
Triangulating the relationships among publication productivity, teaching effectiveness, and student achievement

There is some evidence that research productivity is positively associated with teaching effectiveness, as measured by student achievement. In this chapter, the author examines whether research activity actually enhances certain pedagogical skills and thus increases student learning.
7185 The role of ercp in the management of pancreatic pseudocysts (pp): further support for an ercpbased algorithm.

Background: Our previously published algorithm (1) for the management of PP assumes a high recurrence rate after percutaneous drainage when there is pancreatic duct (PD) obstruction or the pseudocyst communicates with the duct. We have recommended surgical intervention in this group. In an earlier review (2), this triage of PP cases seemed to offer good results. In order to validate the algorithm, we applied it to a large number of patients with PPs seen at our tertiary care center. Gastroenterologists and surgeons managing PP patients were allowed to make independent (i.e. not algorithm-driven) decisions regarding management. Methods: Computerized endoscopic, surgical and radiological databases were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients undergoing percutaneous and surgical treatment of PPs (as defined by Atlanta criteria) between 1992 and 1998. Patients with multiple (>3) PPs, those suspicious for malignancy, and those treated endoscopically were excluded. Health status, comorbidities, severity of pancreatitis, PP characteristics, PD anatomy, management strategy and outcome (success, recurrence, complications) were recorded. Results: 121 patients (ages 25-79yr) were included in this analysis. Outcomes in relation to the ERCP findings are shown below. Overall, 60/77 (78%) interventions that followed, and 18/44 (41%) that did not follow the algorithm succeeded (p
Colocation of older adults with successful aging based on objective and subjective measures

Aging of the U.S. and world populations highlights the need to understand how and where people age successfully. Older adults with chronic conditions may rate themselves subjectively as aging successfully despite their objective limitations. A typology of successful aging combining objective and subjective criteria has been tested, but spatial patterns in these dimensions have not been widely studied. Our research explores patterns of successful and unsuccessful aging using the colocation quotient, a measure of spatial association among categories in a population. The colocation quotient assesses the degree to which older adults who age successfully are likely to live near other adults who do not age successfully. Data on 5576 participants in the ORANJ BOWLSM survey, a statewide survey of older adults in New Jersey, were geocoded to the Census block level. Each participant was scored as aging successfully or not on each of the two dimensions. Global and local patterns of colocation of successful and unsuccessful aging in individuals were calculated based on the objective and subjective measures separately and then compared. The analysis reveals a strong regional pattern. In northern New Jersey and along the southeast coast, successful older adults on both dimensions were more likely to be colocated with subjectively unsuccessful older adults. In southern New Jersey, especially in the southwest, successful older adults on both dimensions were more likely to be colocated with the objectively unsuccessful. Spatial analysis of colocation can inform needs assessment for the growing population of older adults by identifying where older people age successfully and where they are aging unsuccessfully.
Aerosolized Antifungals for the Prevention and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections

Invasive fungal infections result in significant morbidity and mortality, most notably in immunosuppressed patients. Aerosolized antifungal agents have been utilized primarily as prophylaxis (either alone or in combination with systemic antifungals) in patients at highest risk of invasive infections in attempts to optimize drug delivery while minimizing the potential for systemic toxicity and/or drug interactions. Published clinical experience with aerosolized antifungals most frequently involves various formulations of the polyene amphotericin B in patients undergoing lung transplantation and/or select patients with hematologic malignancy. Adverse events are infrequent and generally limited to dyspnea, dysgeusia, and cough. Existing data suggests lipid-based amphotericin B formulations may be better tolerated than amphotericin B deoxycholate. Published clinical experience with aerosolized antifungals as adjunctive treatment of invasive fungal infections is limited to case reports. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support use of aerosolized echinocandins and azoles in clinical practice. Outstanding questions regarding comparative efficacy, optimal dose, duration and drug delivery present a continuing challenge when utilizing these agents in clinical practice.
The Control of Vitellogenesis in the Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Evidence from several laboratories indicates that oogenesis in mosquitoes is divided into at least two discrete stages. First, emergence triggers development of the oocytes up to the resting stage where they remain until the blood meal. This stage is mediated by the juvenile hormone from the corpora allata. The second stage is triggered by the blood meal and involves the release of a hormone from the brain as well as the vitellogenin stimulating hormone (VSH) from the ovary. The mature oocytes then inhibit development of the penultimate oocytes until the first batch of eggs is laid. The evidence for an ovarian hormone, VSH, controlling vitellogenin synthesis by the mosquito fat body is reviewed. This hormone activates and maintains vitellogenin synthesis by the fat body in vivo and in vitro. The role of VSH in mosquito reproduction and the possibility of similar hormones in other insects is discussed.