cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cap-Rock Formation and Diagenesis, Gyp Hill Salt Dome, South Texas: ABSTRACT

Cap rock from Gyp Hill salt dome, Brooks County, south Texas, was formed by salt dome dissolution that left a residuum of anhydrite sand, which was subsequently cemented by gypsum and at a later time altered to gypsum by fresh meteoric groundwater. The cap rock consists of gypsum at the surface (0 to 90 m) and gypsum-cemented anhydrite above the salt (90 to 273 m). Samples from the salt contain 13 to 42% disseminated anhydrite crystals and < 1.0% dolomite rhombs in halite. The cap-rock-salt boundary is marked by a cavity several meters high. Salt dissolution has concentrated the insoluble material into an anhydrite sandstone with 20% porosity at the base of the cap rock. Cap rock porosity is largely occluded within 6 m above salt by poikilotopic gypsum cement and crush d anhydrite laths (presumably from the overburden pressure of the cap rock). A transition zone occurs between 90 and 120 m below the surface where anhydrite is being completely hydrated to gypsum. Above this zone, the cap rock is entirely gypsum and indicates flushing by fresh meteoric groundwater. Through the total thickness, anhydrite is in disequilibrium, as evidenced by the gypsum cement and embayed anhydrite laths. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1556------------
Event-related potentials in macaque monkey during passive and attentional processing of faces in a priming paradigm

Epidural event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in monkeys using a priming (S1–S2) paradigm. One juvenile and 2 young adult macaque monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis ) viewed tachistoscopically presented pairs of faces in four possible combinations: human-human, monkey-monkey, monkey-human, human-monkey. Faces were presented upright to untrained subjects. Subsequently, one adult monkey was trained to associate the occurrence of a monkey-monkey pair of faces with juice reward. In a separate control experiment, the same stimuli were presented upside down. In both the upright and inverted conditions, adult monkey ERPs exhibited a P1-N1-P2 complex of peaks in the 400 ms following stimulus presentation. However, only upright faces elicited a prominent, widely distributed negativity (N4) in the 400–800 ms interval and a long-duration negativity (LDN) in the last 400 ms of the 1,400-ms epoch. N4 was earlier in latency, larger in amplitude, and larger over left hemisphere in response to monkey faces compared to human faces. It was also sensitive to the preceding or priming stimulus, exhibiting larger amplitudes when S1 matched S2 than when it did not. Trained monkey waveforms differed from untrained monkey responses in terms of the appearance of an N2-P3 complex. P3 was bilaterally symmetrical, larger in magnitude, and delayed in latency in response to monkey faces. The differences in components in the two conditions suggest that monkey ERPs can distinguish between passive and attentional processing of faces. N4 appears to reflect the recognition of conspecifics, is sensitive to priming, and occurs primarily over left hemisphere. Rewarded presentation of faces results in P3-like components that may reflect the novelty, meaningfulness, or active nature of the response. The differences in distribution between P3 and N4 suggest that they do not share the same neural sources.
Effect of beta-fluoride on dehydrohalogenation reactions

Abstract A multi-step mechanism with two carbanions accounts for results of alkoxide-promoted dehydrohalogenation reactions: Chloride leaves from a hydrogen-bonded carbanion, HB , regardless of the nature of RX: CF 2 Cl, CHFCl or CH 2 Cl. Fluoride leaving from CH 2 F can depart from HB , while loss from CF 3 requires formation of the intermediate F , which is not stabilized by contact with either a gegen ion or solvent molecule. Beta-fluoride increases rates of dehydrochlorination: CH 2 Cl (1.0), CHFCl (6−25) 1 and CF 3 (175); however, the reverse is noted for loss of HF: CH 2 F (1.0), CHF 2 (0.6) and CF 3 (0.05). In all cases observed isotope effects, k H /k D at 25°C, decrease with added beta-fluorines: CH 2 Cl (4.24), CHFCl (3.15) and CF 2 Cl (3.02); CH 2 F (2.16), CHF 2 (1.53) and CF 3 (1.08). The exchange of hydrogen from PhCHClCF 3 occurs ten times faster than loss of HF and results in a k H /k D = 1.05. This is consistent with loss of HF and the exchange reaction requiring the formation of F. Element effects applied to dehydrohalogenation reactions usually refer to bromide vs. chloride. Results for our systems are about half of those reported for PhCH 2 CH 2 X, k HBr /k HCl ≈ 79: PhCHClCH 2 X (35) and PhCHBrCF 2 X (39); however, the chloride/fluoride element effect varies widely with PhCHClCH 2 F, k HCl /k HF ≈ 68, the same as that reported for PhCH 2 CH 2 F, but increasing to 1 × 10 3 for PhCHClCHFX 1 and 1.1 × 10 5 for PhCHClCF 3 . The measurement of element effects should be ideal for a competition within the same molecule, . Loss of fluoride can not compete with chloride or bromide in the systems sited above. Studies using PhC i HBrCFClBr result in large differences in k HBr /k HCl that depend on solvent, temperature or i H for one diastereomer, but not for the other.
Review of stair-safety research with an emphasis on Canadian studies.

Although stairs are generally recognized as prime locations for accidents in buildings it is only recently that statistical and aetiological studies have identified the magnitude of the stair-accident problem and major contributing factors including stair design and use. Reviews of such work in Great Britain, Canada, Japan, Sweden and the U.S.A. are referenced and a short description provided of Canadian field and. laboratory studies which have particular relevance to stair-handrail design. Emphasis is given to quantitative design features, features that have been among the first to be considered in revisions of building codes and design standards in the U.S.A. where responsiveness to research findings has been greatest.
Particle size effect in metallic materials: a study by the theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity

Abstract It is a significant fact that the size of second-phase particles has an important effect on the macroscopic plastic work hardening behavior of metals and their alloys or metal–matrix composites. The classical plasticity theories cannot explain this size effect since their constitutive laws possess no internal material lengths. We use the theory of mechanism-based strain gradient (MSG) plasticity to investigate the particle size effect and find good agreements with the experiments of aluminum matrix reinforced by silicon carbide particles as well as with prior numerical studies by other strain gradient plasticity theories. It is shown that, at a fixed particle volume fraction, smaller particles give larger plastic work hardening of the composite than large particles do.
Leaf Spectra and Weight of Species in Canopy, Subcanopy, and Understory Layers in a Venezuelan Andean Cloud Forest

We characterize the leaf spectra of tree species of an Andean cloud forest in Venezuela, grouped according to position in canopy, subcanopy and understory. We measured leaf reflectance and transmittance spectra in the 400–750 nm range using a high-resolution spectrometer. Both signals were subtracted from unity to calculate the absorbance signal. Nine spectral variables were calculated for each signal, three based on wide-bands and six based on features. We measured leaf mass per unit area of all species, and calculated efficiency of absorbance, as ratio of absorbance in photosynthetic range over leaf mass. Differences among groups were significant for several absorbance and transmittance variables, leaf mass, and efficiency of absorbance. The clearest differences are between canopy and understory species. There is strong correlation for at least one pair of band variables for each signal, and each band variable is strongly correlated with at least one feature variable for most signals. High canonical correlations are obtained between pairs of the three canonical axes for bands and the first three canonical axes for features. Absorbance variables produce species clusters having the closest correspondence to the species groups. Linear discriminant analysis shows that species groups can be sorted by all signals, particularly absorbance.
The pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) receptor of Heliothis virescens: Identification, functional expression, and structure–activity relationships of ligand analogs

Abstract Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) promotes synthesis and release of sex pheromones in moths. We have identified and functionally expressed a PBAN receptor from Heliothis virescens (HevPBANR) and elucidated structure–activity relationships of PBAN analogs. Screening of a larval CNS cDNA library revealed three putative receptor subtypes and nucleotide sequence comparisons suggest that they are produced through alternative splicing at the 3′-end. RT-PCR amplified preferentially HevPBANR-C from female pheromone glands. CHO cells expressing HevPBANR-C are highly sensitive to PBAN and related analogs, especially those sharing the C-terminal pentapeptide core, FXPRLamide (X = T, S or V). Alanine replacements in the C-terminal hexapeptide (YFTPRLamide) revealed the relative importance of each residue in the active core as follows: R5 > L6 > F2 ≫ P4 > T3 ≫ Y1. This study provides a framework for the rational design of PBANR-specific agonists and/or antagonists that could be exploited for disruption of reproductive function in agriculturally important insect pests.
Connexin 43 mRNA expression in two experimental models of epilepsy

The expression of mRNA for connexin 43, a gap junction protein putatively found in astrocytes, is studied in two experimental models of epilepsy: the electrically kindled rat and the tetanus-toxin-injected rat. Rats were kindled by electrical stimulation of the amygdala to Racine class 5 seizures and divided into cohorts of three to undergo 3, 6, or 10 such events, respectively. Another two cohorts of rats received injections of tetanus toxin at strengths of 3 and 9 MLD50, respectively, into the amygdala. Features of epileptogenicity were identified electrographically in both cohorts during the first 4 wk following toxin injection with spontaneous ictal events recorded in the latter cohort. All rats were sacrificed 4 wk after electrode or cannula implantation, except for two toxin-injected cohorts that were sacrificed at wk 8 or 10. The epileptogenic area in the region of the amygdala was harvested and pooled by cohort for Northern blot analysis. These were compared with control nonimplanted tissues. In the tetanus-toxin-injected animals, at time-points of 4, 8, and 10 wk, connexin 43 mRNA expression in epileptogenic tissues is found to be decreased or unchanged relative to control cases. Kindled rats demonstrated reductions of connexin mRNA with a trend toward normalizing levels with increasing numbers of stimulations when compared to control animals. Connexin 43 immunostained sections of the basolateral amygdala showed a similar trend in protein expression.
Exact analytical 2D model of the human head surrounded by a dielectric pad

Sufficiently large values of the magnetic field B 1 are necessary to obtain high-quality MRI images and one approach to increase the B 1 field is to use high permittivity dielectric pads [1-3]. In order to understand how the presence of a dielectric pad affects the distribution of the electromagnetic field, we consider a 2D model of the human head, so that an exact analytical solution can be obtained. Since one challenge is to obtain large values of the magnetic field close to the center of the human head, we focus our attention on the evaluation of the magnetic field along the axis of symmetry of the 2D model. Our analytical model is based on the assumption that the human head is modeled as a lossy dielectric cylinder, with circular cross section, which is surrounded by a high-permittivity dielectric coating with uniform thickness. The incident electromagnetic field is due to an electric line source, oriented parallel to the axis of symmetry of the cylinder, thus resulting in a 2D problem because of the symmetry in any plane perpendicular to the axis of the structure. There are three different regions in this problem and, within each one of them, the electromagnetic field is expanded as a series of products of an expansion coefficient, Bessel and trigonometric functions. This is a boundary value problem that can be solved exactly, thus leading to an analytical closed form expression of the electromagnetic field in each region. Due to a property of the Bessel functions, it turns out that the series representing the electromagnetic field along the axis reduces to just one term, thus leading to a very simple formula to compute the magnetic field. Then, we consider the superposition of many line sources. Under the condition that they have the same intensity, they are placed at the same radial distance and equally spaced, one obtains that the magnetic field along the axis of the structure is circularly polarized and proportional to the number of lines. Finally, we present numerical result to show how the strength of the magnetic field along the axis of the structure is affected by the thickness of the dielectric padding and its relative permittivity.
On the exactness of semidefinite relaxation for nonlinear optimization over graphs: Part II

This work is concerned with finding a global optimization technique for a broad class of nonlinear optimization problems, including quadratic and polynomial optimizations. The main objective of this two-part paper is to investigate how the (hidden) structure of a given real/complex-valued optimization makes the problem easy to solve. To this end, three conic relaxations are proposed and it is proved that some or all of these relaxations are exact if the optimization is highly structured. More precisely, the structure of the optimization is mapped into a generalized weighted graph, where each edge is associated with a weight set extracted from the coefficients of the optimization. In Part I of the paper, it is shown that the relaxations are all exact for general graphs in the real-valued case and for acyclic graphs in the complex-valued case, provided the weight sets satisfy some sign definiteness conditions. In this part of the paper, the complex-valued case is further studied, and three structural properties are derived for the generalized weighted graph, each of which guarantees the exactness of some of the proposed relaxations. It is also shown that this result holds true if the graph can be decomposed as a union of edge-disjoint subgraphs, where each subgraph has one of the derived structural properties. As an application of this paper, it is finally proved that a broad class of optimization problems for power networks are polynomial-time solvable due to the passivity of transmission lines and transformers.
Chemical-ionization mass spectrometry of methylated hexitol acetates

Abstract Many of the stereoisomers of methylated hexitol acetates having the same arrangement of O -methyl and O -acetyl groups yield markedly different chemical-ionization (c.i.) mass spectra. For example, 1,4,5-tri- O -acetyl-2,3,6-tri- O -methylglucitol and 1,4,5-tri- O -acetyl-2,3,6-tri- O -methylgalactitol yield clearly distinguishable c.i. mass spectra. The observed differences are reproducible. Hence, chemical-ionization mass spectrometry, when combined with analytical gas chromatography and electron-impact (e.i.) mass spectrometry, is of value in identifying the methylated alditol acetates obtained during methylation analysis of polysaccharides and other complex carbohydrates. The c.i. mass-spectral data that differentiate many of the possible partially methylated glucitol, galactitol, and mannitol acetates are presented. In addition, examples are presented that demonstrate the ability of c.i. mass spectrometry to characterize previously unidentified methylated hexitol acetates.
Cumulative beam breakup in linear accelerators with random displacement of cavities and focusing elements

A formalism presented in a previous paper for the analysis of cumulative beam breakup with arbitrary time dependence of the beam current [J. R. Delayen, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 6, 084402 (2003)] is applied to the problem of beam breakup in the presence of random displacements of cavities and focusing elements. A closed-form solution is obtained and is applied to the behavior of a single bunch and to the steady-state and transient behavior of dc beams and beams composed of pointlike bunches.
Differences in Inmate-Inmate and Inmate-Staff Altercations: Examples from a Medium Security Prison

Abstract Inmate violence is a major concern for correctional organizations. Most research on violence lump together inmate-inmate and inmate-staff violence and attempt to understand them from a single perspective. This article posits that inmate-inmate and inmate-staff violence are different phenomenon. Data from a medium security prison is used to understand the relationship between inmate-inmate and inmate-staff violence and other variables. Inmate-inmate altercations are related to structural and interpersonal variables. Inmate-staff altercations are related to the extent to which inmates are involved in social relationship with other inmates and see the correctional staff as a physical threat to them. variables. Inmate-staff altercations are related to the extent to which inmates are involved in social relationship with other inmates and see the correctional staff as a physical threat to them. variables. Inmate-staff altercations are related to the extent to which inmates are involved in social relationship with other inmates and see the correctional staff as a physical threat to them.
An overview of the fault protection design for the attitude control subsystem of the Cassini spacecraft

This paper describes Cassini's fault tolerance objectives, and how those objectives have influenced the design of its attitude control subsystem (ACS). Particular emphasis is placed on the architecture of the software algorithms that are used to detect, locate, and recover from ACS faults, and the integration of these algorithms into the rest of the object-oriented ACS flight software. The interactions of these ACS "fault protection" algorithms with Cassini's system-level fault protection algorithms is also described. We believe that the architecture of the ACS fault protection algorithms provides significant performance and operability improvements over the fault protection algorithms that have flown on previous interplanetary spacecraft.
First-principles investigations of Fe–H interactions in silicon

Hydrogen trapping at defects in semiconductors often affects their electrical activity. In particular, H passivates many deep-level defects. In this paper, we study the interactions between interstitial H and the simplest Fe-related defects in Si, namely interstitial iron (Fe i ), substitutional iron (Fe s ) and the interstitial-substitutional iron-boron pair (Fe i B s ). Our first-principles spin-density-functional calculations are performed in periodic supercells with atomic-like basis sets. The configurations, binding energies, charge and spin states, and vibrational spectra are calculated. The approximate positions of the acceptor and donor gap levels are predicted using the marker method. We show that neither the Fe i H pair nor the Fe s H n complexes are passivated, and that H displaces Fe i from the Fe i B s pair.
Contractors as stakeholders: Reconciling stakeholder theory with the nexus-of-contracts firm

The contractual or nexus-of-contracts theory serves as a normative foundation for both the stockholder and stakeholder conceptions of the firm. In this theory, each constituency or stakeholder group bargains with the firm over a set of rights that will protect the firm-specific assets that it makes available for production. This paper argues that the main difference between the stockholder and stakeholder conceptions lies in different assumptions about the choice of protections that each constituency would make. The value of this thesis is that it identifies the points at issue between these two conceptions in ways that facilitate a reconciliation.
Gene discovery using a human vestibular schwannoma cDNA library constructed from a patient with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2).

Abstract Background: Despite a strong association of schwannomin/merlin gene mutations with vestibular schwannoma formation, the regulatory mechanisms and biologic pathways involved are still largely unknown. The hypothesis of this study is that the genesis and growth characteristics of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-associated vestibular schwannomas are determined by genetic alterations that vary in gene transcript expression; this transcript expression includes oncogenic gene products that may be identified by construction and sequencing of a cDNA library from NF2-associated vestibular schwannoma. Methods: Approximately 3 mL of fresh tumor was obtained during resection of a 4-cm vestibular schwannoma from a patient with NF2. Poly(A) + mRNA was isolated, synthesized into double-stranded cDNA, and unidirectionally inserted into Uni-Zap XR (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) bacteriophage vectors. Bacteriophage vectors containing cDNA inserts were processed into phagemids according to Uni-Zap XR protocol, and inserted vectors were sequenced and analyzed using BLAST software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) with GenBank, EMBL, DDBJ, and PBD databases. Results: The cDNA library contained 2.4 million primary plaques. Inserts averaged 1.8 kilobases (kb) in length, with a range of 0.8 to 3.0 kb. BLAST multidatabase comparison of the sequence data obtained from 50 randomly selected clones yielded identification of 13 sequences representing known human genes and 17 sequences representing cloned sequences with unknown function. Three clones represented sequences not previously described in vestibular schwannomas but strongly implicated in oncogenesis within other tissues. Conclusions: These data have implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms of vestibular schwannoma tumor biology. Identified genes may provide future diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;128:364-71.)
Resist optimization for SOR x-ray lithography using an orthogonal experimental design

A positive tone chemically amplified resist is optimized for SOR x-ray lithography using an orthogonal response surface experimental design. Seven factors are manipulated in the matrix, including two resist chemistry factors and five process factors. Electrically probed linewidths are analyzed for statistical significance of main effects and interactions. The resist chemistry and process are coupled and advanced lithographic work must consider both together if optimized performance is desired. The shape and size of the Exposure-Gap tree for +/- 10% linewidth control is influenced strongly by resist chemical and process changes and is not just a function of the aerial image. Dose latitude is not correlated with resist sensitivity indicating stochastic effects don't affect the image quality significantly in acid catalyzed resist processing. There is >+/- 10% dose latitude available for quarter micron imaging over a 5 micron gap range. The work shows that a formulation and process exist which is compatible with quarter micron lithography with relatively wide process latitude and straight resist profiles were obtained with good sensitivity.
A new genus and species of Grapholitini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Florida, U.S.A.

Riculorampha ancyloides Rota & Brown, gen. n., sp. n. from Florida, is described and illustrated. Th e type series was reared from the fruit of redbay, Persea borbonia (Lauraceae). Th e new genus is assigned provisionally to the Dichrorampha-group of genera (Grapholitini) on the basis of the following characters: forewing termen with a row of black dots, forewing fringe with a shallow subapical notch, hindwing veins R s and M 1 separate and parallel or subparallel, female frenulum with two bristles, and corpus bursae with a single signum. Th e last character is shared with Dichrorampha Guenee, Ricula Heinrich, Riculoides Pastrana, and Goditha Heinrich.
GUTI : A MEASURE OF URGENT TASK INVOLVEMENT AMONG ADULTS WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

S~immary.-Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been proposed to represent adaptive responding to highly urgent situations as in primitive hunting. In the present study, 31 adults with self-reported ADHD were compared with 33 normal adults on a newly developed, 10-item measure of urgent task involvement. The internal consistency of the scale was suitable, and the group with ADHD scored signiFicantly higher than the control group, as predicted. Validation and further development of this scale is required for it to become a tool lor rhe study of performance of highly urgent tasks. Empirical research on attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has focused almost exclusively on its maladaptive nature. Hartmann (1995) suggested that individuals with ADHD may cope most effectively with their condtion by maximizing their adaptive qualities rather than by trying to minimize the maladaptive ones. A more complete understanding of ADHD, then, may require analysis of both maladaptive and adaptive traits (ShelleyTremblay & Rosen, 1996). Hallowell and Ratey (1994) argued that certain adaptive traits, includmg creativity and intuitiveness, may be closely hked to ADHD, at least among individuals of high intelligence. Some empirical support for this argument was provided by Shaw (1992) who reported that among children of high intelhgence, those with ADHD showed greater imagery-based creativity and use of tacitly acquired information than dtd those without ADHD. Although links have been found between creativity and distractibllity (e.g., Shaw, 19921, assertions such as those of Hallowell and Ratey necessitate further empirical investigation. Hartmann (1993) hypothesized that traits which characterize ADHD were highly advantageous for early nomadic hunters, and the evolutionary remains of these traits are st~U adaptive for certain highly intense tasks. He described people with ADHD as being particularly "able to throw them
Criminal Background Checks in U.S. Higher Education: A Review of Policy Developments, Process Implementations, and Postresults Evaluation Procedures

Recent high-profile events involving fraudulent or criminal activity by university employees and students have focused increasing attention on the risk mitigation and management policies of colleges and universities. Despite the increased attention, there is little quantifiable information available to administrators, outside of anecdotal accounts, as they attempt to craft and implement policy surrounding the background check process. This article describes and discusses criminal background check policies and procedures reported by more than 100 U.S. higher education institutions via a web-based survey. The authors offer concluding comments based on the findings of this survey and offer suggestions for future research.
Effects of data expression, sample location, and oxygen partial pressure on initial nitric oxide metmyoglobin formation and metmyoglobin-reducing-activity measurement in beef muscle

Methodology for measuring surface and subsurface metmyoglobin-reducing activity (MRA) of beef longissimus lumborum, semimembranosus, and psoas major was evaluated by submerging samples from the upper one half of 2.54cm thick steaks in 0.3% NO(2)(-), vacuum packaging, and incubating at 30°C for 2h to promote pigment reduction. Initial metmyoglobin formation (IMF) and post-reduction metmyoglobin (PRM) were measured and used to calculate relative and absolute MRA values. The subsurface of all muscles maintained more (P 0.05) correlated with surface colour stability whereas IMF was most correlated with colour stability (|r|>0.77; P<0.05). Longissimus steaks packaged in 20% O(2) had more (P<0.05) surface MRA than steaks packaged in 80% O(2) although measurement of MRA for steaks packaged in high-oxygen with this methodology is questioned. Determination of IMF is a better indicator of MRA for steaks exposed to atmospheric O(2) than more traditional measurements based on the amount of pigment reduced over time.
Game theory to analyse management options in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

This study aims to demonstrate the applicability of linear programming to threshold analysis, using, as an example, patients with new onset of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The choice amongst competing management options is modelled as a decision tree, using threshold analysis, as well as an m x n matrix on an Excel spreadsheet. The different options of medical management correspond to the m rows, whilst the different disease states correspond to the n columns of the matrix. Each number at the intersection of a row and a column represents the outcome associated with that particular combination of management and disease state. The threshold values are calculated by the built-in functions for linear programming of Excel using its Solver tool. Varying the cost estimates in the sensitivity analysis translates into solving a set of different matrices. Threshold analysis provides a formalism to phrase problems of medical decision analysis in a concise fashion.
Surface Melting in Grinding Operations

Summary The possibility of surface melting in grinding operations is considered and it is found that this is very unlikely, a finding in keeping with scanning electron micrographic examination of ground surfaces. While thermal pulses of very high magnitude are involved in grinding (sometimes exceeding the equilibrium melting temperature), these are of such short duration that there is insufficient time for the diffusion controlled structural change associated with melting to occur.
A canonical approach to multiplicity formulas for induced and restricted representations of nilpotent lie groups

Soit G un groupe de Lie nilpotent simplement connexe, K un sous-groupe de Lie et g et k leurs algebres de Lie. Soit P: g*→k* la projection naturelle. On montre que le spectre et les multiplicites peuvent se determiner geometriquement
Association of hepatitis C seropositivity with increased risk for developing end-stage renal disease.

Background Infection with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been linked to glomerulonephritis. We undertook this study to determine whether having a positive HCV test result was associated with an increased risk for developing treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods Using data from Medicare, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the United States Renal Data System, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 474 369 adult veterans who had serum creatinine levels measured between October 1, 2000, and September 30, 2001, and HCV antibody testing within 1 year of creatinine testing. Patients were followed up until October 1, 2004, for the outcome of treated ESRD, defined as the onset of chronic dialysis or renal transplantation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relative hazard for ESRD associated with HCV, adjusted for other covariates (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and comorbidities). Results Of 474 369 patients in the cohort, 52 874 (11.1%) had a positive HCV antibody test result. Patients with HCV were more likely to develop ESRD: the rate per 1000 person-years was 4.26 (95% confidence interval, 3.97-4.57) for HCV-seropositive patients vs 3.05 (95% confidence interval, 2.96-3.14) for HCV-seronegative patients. For patients aged 18 to 70 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of at least 30 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 , HCV seropositivity was associated with a greater than 2-fold risk for developing ESRD (adjusted hazard rate, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 2.43-3.23). Conclusion In this large national cohort of adult veterans, patients younger than 70 years with HCV seropositivity were at increased risk for developing ESRD treated with dialysis or transplantation.
Cordilleran tectonic transitions and motion of the North American plate.

This article examines the relationship between tectonic events in western North America and in the North Atlantic Ocean.
The system Cr2O3UO2O2

Abstract Three phases were identified in the Cr2O3UO2O2 system between 1200 and 1600°C; namely, Cr2O3, U3O8, and a mixed oxide of the composition CrUO4. The mixed-oxide phase has orthorhombic symmetry and the lattice constants: a o = 4·86 8 A , b o = 5·04 8 A and c o = 11·78 5 A . It is probably isostructural with the mineral pucherite which has the composition BiVO4. CrUO4 was found to volatilize at elevated temperatures, probably dissociating into UO3 and CrO3. The activation energy for this process is 97 kcal/mole.
Finite-difference solutions of Taylor instabilities in viscous plane flow

Abstract An integration algorithm is presented for the numerical solution of a linear, sixth-order eigenvalue problem that is associated with hydrodynamic stability of viscous flow between rotating planes. The solution method approximates the highest derivative of the eigensolutions D 6 phi(y) by passing a third-degree polynomial through three backward points and one forward point. Formulas for the lower derivatives are obtained by integration of the polynomial approximation. Linearity of the differential operator results in an explicit form for the highest derivative at the forward mesh point; a similar, two-point algorithm is used to start the computations. Neutrally stable eigensolutions associated with vortex instability of Taylor's type have been calculated for plane Couette and Poiseuille flow in a rotating system; these solutions agreed well with accepted solutions found by series-expansion methods.
Alternative Twelve Pulse Arrangement For Static Var Control Applications

5th and 7th harmonics generated by a static var control system may be eliminated by the conventional twelve pulse arrangement employing wye-wye and wye-delta transformers or by an alternative scheme described in this paper. The alternative scheme offers the advantages that only one transformer is needed and generally less transformer loss is generated. Theoretical analysis and digital simulation of the new scheme are presented. The performances of the alternative scheme under balanced and unbalanced conditions have been investigated.
Astronomy: Telling the tale of the first stars

HE0107–5240 is a star in more than one sense of the word. Chemically, it is the most primitive object yet discovered, and it is at the centre of debate about the origins of the first elements in the Universe.
Measurements of dynamic contact angles in solid–liquid–liquid systems at elevated pressures and temperatures

Abstract This paper presents a recently developed technique, which has been used successfully in several oil-field applications, to generate reproducible measurements of both the water-advancing and -receding contact angles at reservoir conditions of temperature and pressure using live reservoir fluids. Unlike the conventional sessile drop and modified sessile drop contact angle tests, which require 30–40 days to complete, the new technique enables these measurements within 2–3 days while assuring measurement accuracy within about 2–3°. The new technique is called the dual-drop–dual-crystal (DDDC) technique, and involves the equilibration of two parallel solid surfaces immersed in reservoir brine with two crude oil drops placed on them before creating the advancing and receding interfaces. The fluids–solid equilibrium is attained quickly due to the effect of buoyancy forces that help in draining the water film trapped between the crude oil drop and the solid surface. Dynamic measurements are presented to demonstrate the dynamic behavior of the oil–water–rock three-phase boundary in water-, intermediate- and oil-wet solid–fluid systems. The paper includes the methodology and salient features of the new technique, some of the recent results to demonstrate its accuracy and short run times, and actual reservoir cases involving serious wettability shifts caused by fluids incompatibility and temperature variations. Due to its accuracy, short run duration and operability at reservoir conditions, the new technique offers excellent potential for detailed understanding of the influence of various surfactants used in oil-field operations on reservoir wettability alteration, screening and optimization of fluids for field applications, optimization of production strategies, and for many other practical applications involving solid–liquid–fluid systems.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and infection. Disruption of the microbiome

The dynamics of infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are complex, and microbiome technology has provided us with a new research tool for its better understanding. There is compartmentalization of the microbiota in the various parts of the lung. Studies of the lower airway lumen microbiota in COPD have yielded confusing results, and additional studies with scrupulous attention to prevent and account for upper airway contamination of bronchoalveolar lavage samples are required. Lung tissue microbiota has been examined in three studies, which also demonstrate varied results based on the site of sampling (bronchial mucosa, lung parenchyma), and this variation extends to sampling sites within a lobe of the lung. The Vicious Circle Hypothesis embodies how an altered lung microbiome could contribute to COPD progression. Relating microbiota composition to airway and systemic inflammation and clinical outcomes are important research questions. Although various obstacles need to be surmounted, ultimately lung microbiome studies will provide new insights into how infection contributes to COPD.
Using constraints to describe source contents in data integration systems

In data integration systems, information sources often have constraints, such as "all houses stored at a source have a unique address." These constraints are useful in computing answers to queries and facilitating information exchange.
Robotic go: Exploring a different perspective on human-computer interaction with the game of go

The advent of computers and the World Wide Web diversified the way in which the game of Go is played. While traditional human-to-human play still remains an important form of game play, amateur players, along with some professional players, have shifted the play domain from “off-line” club houses to “on-line” Go servers. Computer Go is an important field of study to develop a software to play Go or a Go engine. In addition to human-to-human play, a Go engine or computer intelligence to play Go adds another axis to play configuration: human-to-computer play and computer-to-computer play. These revolutions in the game of Go happened in an extremely short period of time compared to the history of the game, which is more than 4,000 years. We summarize this unavoidable change for the first time in the literature, to our knowledge, and propose a novel way to interact with the current technological advances. We present the new Human-Machine-Computer-Network Interface concept and our implementation of the machine interface with a robot arm. This Lynxmotion robotic arm named Cheonsoo-I successfully places stones on a board under the proposed architecture.
COMBINED BLADDER CLOSURE AND EPISPADIAS REPAIR IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF BLADDER EXSTROPHY

AbstractPurpose: Children with bladder exstrophy in whom initial closure fails are less likely to achieve adequate bladder capacity for later bladder neck reconstruction and continence. Repeat bladder closure may be combined with epispadias repair as initial management, decreasing the need for repeat anesthesia as well as providing increased outlet resistance to permit bladder growth in preparation for later bladder neck reconstruction. We compared results in boys who underwent combined bladder closure and epispadias repair or staged reconstruction.Materials and Methods: A total of 16 boys with a mean age of 22 months with bladder exstrophy were referred for bladder closure after previous closure had failed in 15 and for delayed primary closure in 1. Osteotomies were performed in all patients, with bladder closure and epispadias repair as initial treatment. Results were compared to those in 21 boys with a mean age of 26 months in whom exstrophy closure had failed, and who underwent standard staged reconst...
Ewing's sarcoma: A case report of a 52-year-old woman with recurrent tumor and literature review

Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common primary sacral tumor. Ewing's sarcomas are rare, aggressive tumors with a tendency towards recurrence following resection and early metastasis. Although peak incidences are between the ages of 10 and 20 years, patients of younger or older age account for almost 30% of the cases. We report the case of a 52-year-old healthy female who presented with a 2-week history of pain in her right posterior thigh that was unable to be relieved by non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory medicine and physical therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an irregular right presacral mass and core needle biopsy revealed a small, round blue cell neoplasm. Staging workup was normal and an open biopsy was positive for the ES translocation (22q12). The patient was treated with 17 cycles of vincristine, adriamycin and cytoxan with mesna rescue, alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide in addition to external beam radia- tion. Post-treatment imaging demonstrated complete resolution of the tumor. Six weeks post-treatment the patient presented with a recurrent tumor. This case emphasizes the importance of timely establishment of initial diagnosis, early metastasis in treatment responsive patients and under-utilization of posi- tron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) during the treatment to detect sub-clinical metastasis.
Selenoprotein T deficiency alters cell adhesion and elevates selenoprotein W expression in murine fibroblast cells

Mammalian selenoproteins have diverse functions, cellular locations, and evolutionary histories, but all use the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec), often present in the enzyme’s active site. Only about half of mammalian selenoproteins have been functionally characterized, with most being oxidoreductases. The cellular role of selenoprotein T (SelT), manifesting a CxxU motif in a thioredoxin-like fold and localized to Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum, is not known. To examine its biological function, we knocked down SelT expression in mouse fibroblast cells and found that SelT deficiency alters cell adhesion and enhances the expression of several oxidoreductase genes, while decreasing the expression of genes involved in cell structure organization, suggesting the involvement of SelT in redox regulation and cell anchorage. Furthermore, we found that the loss of SelT elevates expression of another selenoprotein, selenoprotein W (SepW1). SelT and SepW1 belong to the same protein family, suggesting that SepW1 ...
Integrated Non-Factorized Variational Inference

We present a non-factorized variational method for full posterior inference in Bayesian hierarchical models, with the goal of capturing the posterior variable dependencies via efficient and possibly parallel computation. Our approach unifies the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) under the variational framework. The proposed method is applicable in more challenging scenarios than typically assumed by INLA, such as Bayesian Lasso, which is characterized by the non-differentiability of the l1 norm arising from independent Laplace priors. We derive an upper bound for the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which yields a fast closed-form solution via decoupled optimization. Our method is a reliable analytic alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and it results in a tighter evidence lower bound than that of mean-field variational Bayes (VB) method.
T-wave morphology and arrhythmic events in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

Atypical T wave morphology on scalar ECG may reflect abnormalities of the ventricular repolarization process but the link between these abnormalities and the occurrence of arrhythmic events is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have specific T wave morphology that may characterize their increased risk for cardiac death (CD). From 24-hour Holter ECG recordings, T-wave morphology and symmetry were quantified in the three orthogonal leads using T-wave area based measurements in addition to conventional QT interval measurements. We compared the T wave characteristics (duration and morphology) between patients according to their cardiac history (VT or CD). Our results did not evidence significant differences in QT durations between patients with and without a history of VT at any heart rate but revealed a prolongation of the terminal portion of the T-wave at high heart rate in patients with VT (91 /spl plusmn/ 21 vs. 102 /spl plusmn/ 20 ms, p = 0.03 for RR between 600-700 ms). Analysis of T wave morphology may play a role in the identification of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at higher risk for arrhythmic events.
A rapid, simple immunofluorometric assay: Development and characterization

A novel two-site immunofluorometric assay, which includes only one incubation step and one separation step, is described. The assay is based on using small-sized beads (0.5 microm diameter) as a soild support and measuring the unbound fraction of labeled antibody in the liquid. The use of a mixture of the solid-phase and labeled antibodies at different concentrations makes it possible to determine antigen concentration over a wide range, without an initial sample dilution. Two assays were developed: one using anti-IgG polyclonal antibodies and the other using antibovine serum albumin monoclonal antibodies. The detection range of the polyclonal antibody assay using 30-minute incubation was 0.2 to 40 microg/mL for human IgG standard. The detection range of the monoclonal antibody assay was 0.2 to 14 microg/mL for bovine serum albumin (BSA) standard with 2 minutes required for the incubation. The interassay variability for the BSA measurement was 1.9% at 4.0 microg/mL of BSA and intra-assay variability was 2.3% at 3.2 microg/mL of BSA. The principles of this assay can be applied in the measurement of any protein in a rapid and reproducible way.
Fractional Speech Loss and Talker Activity Model for TASI and for Packet-Switched Speech

The cutout fraction in a TASI system is shown to be \phi=\frac{1}{np}\sum_{k=c+1}^n (k-c) n\choose k p^{k}(1-p)^{n-k} where n is the number of sources, c is the number of channels, and p is the probability that a source is issuing a talkspurt at a random time. This result is shown to hold independently of the probability density function of talkspurt duration. The same formula is shown to apply to the fraction of packets lost in a packet-switched link with a transmission capacity of c packets every T p seconds, where T p is the interval between packet generations for an individual source during talkspurt, and where no packet is queued for a time longer than T p . In addition, a simple Markov birth-death model is presented for the random process a(t) representing the number of talkers issuing talkspurts at a given time.
A model of predation by Podisus maculiventris (Say) on mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, in soybeans

A model of predation by Podisus maculiventris (Say) on Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, larvae in soybeans is presented. The attack equation described the number of prey attacked as a function of the number of prey, soybean leaf area, and the search behavior of the predator. The area searched by P. maculiventris was related to the amount of leaf area and the number of prey. Predictions of the number of Mexican bean beetles attacked per predator were compared with an independent field data set. The relevance of the predation model to studies of predation in other agricultural systems is discussed.