cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LED-based tetracycline analyzer for field analysis

Tetracycline (TC) is a significant class of antibiotic drugs in human and veterinary medicine. Its extensive use may lead to pollution in the marine environment and residues in foods of animal origin. To perform TC analysis in the field, a portable TC-specific analyzer was developed based on europium-sensitized luminescence. A 385 nm light emitting diode (LED) is used in pulsed mode as the light source to selectively excite TC. In comparison to a conventional xenon flashlamp, its narrower emission band and cleaner post-pulse extinction lead to reduced background and improved sensitivity. The time-resolved luminescence (TRL) signal is detected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT) that is gated to minimize its response to the LED pulse. The energy of individual LED pulses is monitored by a photodiode (PD) for signal normalization. Both instrument operation and data processing are controlled by a laptop computer running a custom LabVIEW program. The PD and the PMT signals are acquired at 4-μs time resolution and 12-bit amplitude resolution. The instrument performance is evaluated using oxytetracycline, a significant member of the TC antibiotics, as a target analyte. The analyzer achieves a 0-3 ppm linear dynamic range (r 2 = 0.9988) and a 0.021-ppb limit of detection with a typical 5% relative standard deviation.
The anatomic origin of the posterior cruciate ligament: Where is it? Reference landmarks for PCL reconstruction

There is a lack of defined reference points for reproducible femoral tunnel placement during posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. The PCL, consisting of two major bands, anterolateral (AL) and posteromedial (PM), has a femoral origin that spans 3 cm, which cannot be covered by a substitute graft positioned in one femoral tunnel to reconstruct the PCL. The purpose of this study was to define the location of the anatomic origin of both bands of the PCL in reference to local anatomy to develope landmarks that can be used to reproducibly position two femoral tunnels (one to each band's origin) during PCL reconstruction. The anatomy of the PCL origin was dissected and studied in 20 knees at the time of total knee replacement. The central origin point for each band was marked, and its distance was measured in reference to three axes. The AL band centrally originated 13 ± 0.5 mm posterior to the medial articular cartilage-intercondylar wall interface and 13 ± 0.5 mm inferior to the articular cartilage-intercondylar roof interface. The PM band centrally originated 8 ± 0.5 mm posterior to the medial articular cartilage-intercondylar wall interface and 20 ± 0.5 mm inferior to the articular cartilage-intercondylar roof interface. These distances were noted to be relatively constant despite varying knee morphologies and size. For this reason, referencing the articular cartilage-intercondylar roof, and wall interfaces may be used as a method to facilitate more reproducible anatomic femoral tunnel placement during PCL reconstruction.
Water quality profiling with a WETLabs Autonomous Moored Profiler (AMP)

Operational details are described and results are presented from a deployment of a WETLabs AMP (Autonomous Moored Profiler) in Chesapeake Bay. The AMP (figure 1) is anchored and nominally stationed at depth throughout a deployment. An onboard processor schedules and controls profiling; collects, processes, and stores data collected from instrument sensors; and communicates with a remote host during profiler surface intervals.
A highly conserved 6S RNA structure is required for regulation of transcription.

6S RNA, a highly abundant noncoding RNA, regulates transcription through interaction with RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. Computer searches identified 6S RNAs widely among γ-proteobacteria. Biochemical approaches were required to identify more divergent 6S RNAs. Two Bacillus subtilis RNAs were found to interact with the housekeeping form of RNA polymerase, thereby establishing them as 6S RNAs. A third B. subtilis RNA was discovered with distinct RNA polymerase–binding activity. Phylogenetic comparison and analysis of mutant RNAs revealed that a conserved secondary structure containing a single-stranded central bulge within a highly double-stranded molecule was essential for 6S RNA function in vivo and in vitro. Reconstitution experiments established the marked specificity of 6S RNA interactions for σ70-RNA polymerase, as well as the ability of 6S RNA to directly inhibit transcription. These data highlight the critical importance of structural characteristics for 6S RNA activity.
A Bayesian Approach for Analyzing Results of Vehicle Collision Tests

Certain motor vehicle safety standards stipulate a collision test speed and a set of performance criteria that vehicles must satisfy during or after the collision test. For example, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 301 requires a 30 mile per hour (mph) barrier collision and specifies a certain maximum allowable limit on the total spillage of fuel. Vehicle designs are required to meet this standard; however, when collision tests are conducted at speeds higher than the standard, vehicles do not always satisfy the performance criteria. This paper develops a mathematical model for estimating the probability of meeting the standard by using a Bayesian framework to incorporate engineering judgment with collision test results. The model is based on the idea that there are random features to a vehicle's ability to meet performance standards in a collision, especially at such elevated speeds. Example calculations are included to illustrate the estimation of the probability of meeting the standard and to compare it with a maximum likelihood approach.
Electrostatic exploration of the C3d–FH4 interaction using a computational alanine scan

The complement system is a component of innate immunity and is activated by a cascade of protein interactions whose function is vital to our ability to fight infection. When proper regulation fails, the complement system is unable to recognize “self” from “nonself” and, therefore, attacks own tissues leading to autoimmune diseases. The central protein of the complement system is C3, which is the convergence point of three independently activated but communicating pathways. Regulation of C3 occurs through modular proteins which consist of many repeats of complement control protein (CCP) modules. CCP modules have diverse sequences, similar structures, and diverse physicochemical compositions, with excess of charge being a predominant characteristic. The goal of our study is to understand the electrostatic mechanism that underlies the interaction between the C3d domain of C3 and the fourth module of the complement regulator Factor H (FH4). We have performed a computational alanine scan in which we have replaced every ionizable amino acid, one at a time, with an alanine to generate a family of mutants for the C3d–FH4 complex. We have used Poisson–Boltzmann electrostatic calculations in combination with clustering of spatial distributions of electrostatic potentials and free energy calculations to delineate the contribution of each replaced amino acid to the C3d–FH4 interaction. We have analyzed our data in view of a two-step model which separates association into long-range recognition and short-range binding and we have identified key amino acids that contribute to association. We discuss the complex role of C3d in binding FH4 and the bacterial proteins Efb/Ehp from Staphylococcus aureus.
An Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System for Modeling Mechanical Properties of Tapioca Starch‐Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposite Foams

Tapioca starch, poly(lactic acid) and Cloisite 30B nanocomposites foams, with clay contents of 1, 3, 5 and 7% (w/w), were prepared by a melt-intercalation method. Multiple inputs single output models were developed to predict radial expansion ratio, unit density, bulk compressibility and spring index of the nanocomposite foams. An individual ANFIS model was developed for each mechanical property using clay content, temperature, pressure and torque as input parameters. All models preformed well with R 2 values > 0.71. All models had very low root mean squared error values.
Early Desire A floating-point equation language simulation system for minicomputers and microcomputers

EARLY DESIRE is a new, floating-point equation- language simulation system for Digital Equipment (DEC) PDP-11 and LSI-11 minicomputers. It combines(1) An interpreted job-control language for inter ...
Design of a GMR sensor array system for robotic pipe inspection

In this paper, the design and implementation of a GMR sensor array for utility pipe inspection is presented. Four GMR sensors with sensitivity of 0.9–1.3 mV/V are mounted uniformly around the circumference of a ring housing. Two bar magnets, located 180° apart, are also mounted in the housing to magnetize the pipe for accurate defect detection. The instrumentation circuit, including 3 buffers, a difference amplifier, and a 4th-order low-pass filter, generates a clear smooth defect signal.
Bioline International: A case study in open access and its usage for enhancement of research distribution for scientific research from developing countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the growth and changes in Bioline International (BI), a non‐profit scholarly publications aggregator, distributor, publisher, and publishing assistance service founded in 1993 and operated by scientists and librarians who have a strong commitment to the principles of open access (OA) and to broad distribution, by electronic means, of scientific information. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a case study of BI. Findings – BI has changed considerably since its early days. Initially, it largely consisted of e‐mailed versions of printed peer‐reviewed scientific journals from developing countries; these versions were generally e‐mailed as ASCII text and could lack figures and graphics. But much has changed, both due to technological capabilities and due to policy changes. BI has increasingly moved toward inclusion of e‐only journals, and has itself tried its hand at publishing a small selection of highly specialized, fully online journals, with OA portions. In January 2004, it converted its entire web site to OA (formerly, some portions were restricted). It has been enabled to become a pure OA provider of scholarly information through a model of grant support and partnerships with other institutions, including many international institutes and foundations and the University of Toronto. Originality/value – BI success is provides an unusual and successful model for strong support for OA to scholarly research and scientific information, especially from developing countries. It also provides a model of flexibility and adaptability, with minimal resources, and demonstrates the possibilities which emerge from truly broad‐based collaborations, across multiple countries, and between large and small societies, academe, and non‐governmental organizations.
Spinwave-frequency conversion by adiabatic field pulsing

The principles for spinwave-frequency conversion by adiabatic field pulsing in a nonellipsoidal saturated ferromagnet are established. 1 port experiments conducted on a y.i.g. rod at L band, using spinwave injection, are described. Frequency translations of 186 MHz have been achieved. The conversion loss of the process was typically less than 3dB.
A quantitative analysis of CO2 transport at rest and during maximal exercise.

Abstract Exercise to exhaustion in rats and man was studied befor and after administration of acetazolamide. In rats the dose (100 mg/kg) completely inhibited red cell carbonic anhydrase. In man a clinical dose (10 mg/kg) was used, and the degree of inhibition of HCO 3 − dehydration by red cell isoenzymes B and C was measured. These results and relevant data from the literature were used to describe in model form the contributions to pulmonary CO 2 output of the carbonic anhydrase catalyzed reaction HCO 3 − → CO 2 , the uncatalyzed reaction, carbamino hemoglobin, and dissolved CO 2 during rest and exercise. Conclusions are: (1) at rest, 78% of CO 2 exchange in the lung is mediated by carbonic anhydrase catalyzed dehydration of HCO 3 − ; at exercise this rises to 90%; (2) when carbonic anhydrase is totally at rest large P CO 2 gradients are set up in tissue and lung, increasing the uncatalyzed rate and dissolved CO 2 participation, so that CO 2 is evolved at normal rate without enzyme (rat, dog and man); (3) during exercise with complete inhibition (rat), similar or larger gradients are created; nevertheless, exercise tolerance was impaired; (4) in maximal exercise (man), the clinical dose and resulting unbound plasma concentrations of acetazolamide (7.5 μM) yield enzyme inhibition of 98.8%. New gradients of CO 2 are established, which together with increased cardiac output and the residual enzyme, can effect CO 2 evolution 15 times the normal resting value; and (5) the data suggest that in the complete absence of carbonic anhydrase, CO 2 evolution would not proceed at an adequate rate in maximal exercise. In general, this analysis shows that carbonic anhydrase makes carriage and evolution of CO 2 possible across small gradients. The large amount of enzyme serves to keep these gradients narrow; the reserve or ‘excess’ enzyme (above the required for no perturbation in ventilation or blood-gas chemistry) is a 17-fold at rest and 6-fold in excercise. When enzyme is diminished or absent, gradients increase to the in point of physiological effectiveness, except (probably) in the most severe exercise. The increased gradients produced effects such as increased cerebral blood flow, unusual taste for CO 2 and certain clinical signs and symptoms, but the new respiratory steady-state permits quantitative evolution of CO 2 .
Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of diabetogenic and nondiabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus

Abstract The nucleotide sequences of a diabetogenic variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus (D variant, ifp − phenotype) and a nondiabetogenic variant of EMC virus (B variant, ifp + phenotype) have been compared. These variants differ at eight sites. The poly(C) tract of EMC-B is three bases shorter than that of EMC-D. Of the seven sites at which nucleotide substitutions were confirmed using RNA templates, four resulted in amino acid changes in three different proteins, the leader peptide, t B (VP2), and 1D (VPI ). The biological significance of these differences can now be investigated.
Overview and Introduction: Thematic Review Series on Intestinal Lipid Metabolism

understanding of intestinal lipid metabolism, driven at least in part through attempts to mitigate the ongoing epi-demic of obesity and metabolic disease ( 1 ). For example, weight loss strategies including gastric bypass surgery have brought to light unanticipated adaptations in metabolic homeostasis, including altered bile acid signaling and shifts in host-microbial ecology ( 2 ). As a result, our under-standing of the role of the intestine in lipid metabolism now includes an expanded role in a range of homeostatic processes, including glucose metabolism, energy utiliza-tion, and growth and inﬂ ammation to name but a few. Our Thematic Review Series will selectively cover several of these areas. In particular, we have solicited reviews that summarize a detailed elucidation of the pathways regulat-ing the ﬂ ux of complex lipids across the small intestinal enterocyte, including an emerging role in energy utiliza-tion and the role of circadian cues. We have also solic-ited reviews to provide a thorough understanding of the molecular, genetic, and regulatory pathways involved in modulating intestinal bile acid transport and signaling and new insights into the role of nuclear hormone receptors in the intestine in maintenance of systemic lipid metabolism. In the ﬁ rst article in our series, Eric Yen and his colleagues will review the role and regulation of enterocyte triglyceride synthesis, including the abundantly expressed genes acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) and acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), whose functions have been examined in numerous model sys-tems and have been shown to play crucial roles in the regu-lation of fat metabolism and energy utilization. There is heightened interest also in the possibility that these pathways represent druggable targets for obesity and met-abolic disorders ( 3 ). In the second article, Mahmood Hussain and Xiaoyue Pan have summarized some of the recent developments in our understanding of the relevance of circadian rhythm to intestinal lipid metabolism. They summarize the role of innate intestinal Clock genes and outline the integration of central signals (via the suprachiasmatic nucleus) with
Cricothyroid Motor Units

Activity of 37 cricothyroid motor units was studied' in three normal subjects. Single unit discharges were analysed during phonation at several different pitches, as well as in the absence of phonation. Interspike interval analyses were obtained, showing that frequency and variability of firing were dependent upon phonatory pitch. Interspike interval analyses from sequences obtained without accompanying phonation revealed preferred spike frequencies and limited variability. A U-shape function characterized the pitch-frequency relationship of a number of units. Postural adjustments were found to affect cricothyroid motor unit discharge. The technique described here using direct and continuous feedback of information to the subject offers a powerful tool for further analyses of laryngeal function.
Abstract 126: The KISS1 metastasis suppressor appears to integrate glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and metastasis via regulation of a PGC1α pathway

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Considering the enormous energy requirements and stresses of the metastatic cascade, an interrelationship with aerobic glycolysis seems intuitive, but has not been definitively established. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether there is a relationship between KISS1 metastasis suppression and metabolism. Wild-type KISS1 expressed in human melanoma cells were metastasis suppressed and took up less glucose and produced less lactate, corresponding to higher pH[Ex]. Metabolism and metastasis changes did not occur when KISS1 was missing the secretion signal peptide (ΔSS). Changes in glucose transport and key glycolytic enzymes did not consistently correlate with metabolic changes; however, V-ATPase, which promotes extracellular acidification, invasion and metastasis, appears to be involved in KISS1-mediated metabolic changes. Also corresponding with the shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, KISS1-expressing cells have 30-50% more mitochondrial mass accompanied increased higher expression of PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC1α-mediated downstream pathways (i.e. fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation) are differentially regulated by KISS1, apparently reliant upon direct KISS1 interaction with Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1), a major transcription factor involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. KISS1 does not affect PGC1α mRNA expression but stabilizes the protein through interaction with the ubiquitin-like protein, UBQLN1. To test whether a KISS1- PGC1α axis is critical for metastasis suppressor function, shRNA to KISS1 or PGC1α was introduced into KISS1-expressing cells. Metabolic changes and suppression of invasion and migration were reversed. Importantly, knock-down of PGC1α abolished KISS1-mediated metastasis suppression in vivo, strongly suggesting that PGC1α is an essential downstream mediator of KISS1 as a metastasis suppressor. Taken together, these data define a novel signaling pathway controlling metabolism and metastasis. Moreover, these data appear to directly connect changes in aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, and cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Wen Liu, Benjamin Beck, Kedar S. Vaidya, Kevin T. Nash, Scott W. Ballinger, Danny R. Welch. The KISS1 metastasis suppressor appears to integrate glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and metastasis via regulation of a PGC1α pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-126
Electroplated Ni–B films and Ni–B metal matrix diamond nanocomposite coatings

Abstract Electrodeposition of Ni–B films and Ni–B nanocomposite coatings with diamond nanoparticles on steel substrates was performed in a modified Watts bath. The influence of electrodeposition parameters such as saccharine content, concentration of boron precursor and the content of diamond nanoparticles in the electroplating bath were investigated. The impact of the nanodiamond size on the microstructure of the Ni–B nanocomposite coatings was investigated for sizes ranging from 5 nm to 100 nm. The effects of co-deposited nanodiamond on the hardness and corrosion potential of the coatings was assessed and related to the microstructure. It is demonstrated that the particle size of the nanodiamond affects the texture of the coatings as well as their susceptibility to electrochemical attack in 3.5% NaCl solution. The boron content in the coating has also a strong effect on their microstructure and hardness.
Computer-aided prognosis: Predicting patient and disease outcome via multi-modal image analysis

Computer-aided prognosis (CAP) is a new and exciting complement to the field of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and involves developing computerized image analysis and multi-modal data fusion algorithms for helping physicians predict disease outcome and patient survival. At the Laboratory for Computational Imaging and Bioinformatics (LCIB)1 at Rutgers University we have been developing computerized algorithms for high dimensional data and image analysis for predicting disease outcome from multiple modalities includng MRI, digital pathology, and protein expression. Additionally, we have been developing novel data fusion algorithms based on nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods (such as Graph Embedding) to quantitatively integrate prognostic information from multiple data sources and modalities. In this paper, we briefly describe 5 representative and ongoing CAP projects at LCIB. These projects include (1) an Image-based Risk Score (IbRiS) algorithm for predicting outcome of ER+ breast cancer patients based on quantitative image analysis of digitized breast cancer biopsy specimens alone, (2) segmenting and determining extent of lymphocytic infiltration (identified as a possible prognostic marker for outcome in Her2+ breast cancers) from digitized histopathology, (3) segmenting and diagnosing highly agressive triple-negative breast cancers on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, (4) distinguishing patients with different Gleason grades of prostate cancer (grade being known to be correlated to outcome) from digitzed needle biopsy specimens, and (5) integrating protein expression measurements obtained from mass spectrometry with quantitative image features derived from digitized histopathology for distinguishing between prostate cancer patients at low and high risk of disease recurrence.
Permeability of glass ribbon-reinforced composites

An analytical model of the fluid permeability of glass ribbon-reinforced organic matrix composites is presented. The analysis indicates that such composites, with ribbon aspect ratios in the range 50 to 200 offer 100 to 1000 fold improvement in permeation resistance over fibre glass composites. This is pertinent to the application of composites for storage containers, pressure vessels, and pipelines. Permeation characteristics of glass ribbon composites were determined experimentally through mass spectrographic measurements of helium penetration. These measurements qualitatively supported the analytical model.
Field‐Induced Strain in Single‐Crystal BaTiO3

The electric-field-induced strain in single-crystal BaTiO3 was investigated. For crystals relatively free of twinning, a longitudinal strain of 0.35% can be induced just above the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition temperature (Tc1) primarily by field-forced paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. For heavily twinned crystals, 90° domain reorientation under the applied electric field plays an important role in the induced strain below Tc1, and an induced strain of 0.6% is observed a few degrees below Tc1. Above Tc1, the electrostrictive property measured by a weak excitation field is purely intrinsic. When the excitation field is large, so that a field-forced paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition is involved, the x33/P23 value (where x33 and P3 are the induced strain and polarization along the z axis, respectively) is intrinsic at higher temperature, but may be modified at temperatures just at and slightly above Tc1 by residual 90° twin structure.
Arsenic-induced Ge island morphology changes during molecular beam epitaxy of Ge on Si(001)

Abstract Atomic force microscopy is used to investigate a series of arsenic-mediated growth experiments in the molecular beam epitaxy of Ge on Si(0 0 1). The experiments are performed by first depositing Ge at a coverage of 6 ML (where three-dimensional islands form), followed by additional growth of Ge with coevaporation of As. During the As-mediated second growth stage no new islands appear as expected of the surfactant effect. However, the shapes of the Ge islands formed in the first stage are observed to change from pyramids and domes to mesas that have different base orientations and flat (0 0 1) tops of significantly increased areas. Because the island facets can be viewed as stacks of atomic steps, the island shape changes suggest As-induced step movements during the Ge growth, which are important to understand the mechanisms of surfactant suppression in the formation of three-dimensional islands.
A reconsideration of effect of energy scarcity on economic growth

Abstract This analysis is concerned with the effect of energy scarcity on economic growth in the U.S. After defining the notion of scarcity and introducing measures of scarcity (unit costs and relative energy price), changes in the trend in resource scarcity for NG, bituminous coal, anthracite coal, and crude oil over the most recent three decades are investigated. Each of the energy resources became a significantly scarcer resource during the decade of the 1970s in the Malthusian Stock Scarcity and Malthusian Flow Scarcity sense. Unit costs exhibit a similar change for NG and crude oil but not for bituminous and anthracite coals. The situation reversed itself during the 1980s. NG, bituminous and anthracite coals, and crude oil all became significantly less scarce resources during the decade of the 1980s than they had been during the 1970s, i.e. the increase in scarcity as measured by relative energy prices observed during the decade of the 1970s was not reversed completely during the 1980s for NG and crude oil. Unit costs for NG and crude oil demonstrate similar patterns. Given that change has taken place, it has implications for future economic growth to the extent resource scarcity and economic growth are interrelated. To see whether this is a relevant concern, subsequent to the examination of changing resource scarcity trends, an objective effort is made to identify a long run equilibrium relationship between energy scarcity and economic growth. Relying on cointegration techniques, only for crude oil is there a suggestion that resource scarcity has affected economic growth in the U.S. over the period 1889–1992.
Interaction of Molecular Oxygen with the Vacuum-Annealed TiO2(110) Surface: Molecular and Dissociative Channels

vacancy population), presumably due to dissociative filling of the vacancy sites in a 1:1 ratio. Above a coverage of 4 10 13 molecules/cm 2 , a first-order O2 TPD peak appears at 410 K. Oxygen molecules in this peak do not scramble oxygen atoms with either the surface or with other coadsorbed oxygen molecules. Sequential exposures of 16 O2 and 18 O2 at 120 K indicate that each adsorbed O2 molecule, irrespective of its adsorption sequence, has equivalent probabilities with respect to its neighbors to follow the two channels (molecular and dissociative), suggesting that O 2 adsorption is not only precursor-mediated, as the sticking probability measurements indicate, but that all O2 molecules reside in this precursor state at 120 K. This precursor state may be associated with a weak 145 K O2 TPD state observed at high O2 exposures. ELS measurements suggest charge transfer from the surface to the O2 molecule based on disappearance of the vacancy loss feature at 0.8 eV, and the appearance of a 2.8 eV loss that can be assigned to an adsorbed O2 - species based on comparisons with Ti-O2 inorganic complexes in the literature. Utilizing results from recent spin-polarized DFT calculations in the literature, we propose a model where three O2 molecules are bound in the vicinity of each vacancy site at 120 K. For adsorption temperatures above 150 K, the dissociation channel completely dominates and the surface adsorbs oxygen in a 1:1 ratio with each vacancy site. ELS measurements indicate that the vacancies are filled, and the remaining oxygen adatom, which is apparent in TPD, is transparent in ELS. On the basis of the variety of oxygen adsorption states observed in this study, further work is needed in order to determine which oxygen-related species play important roles in chemical and photochemical oxidation processes on TiO2 surfaces.
Duration and recovery profile of cisatracurium after succinylcholine during propofol or isoflurane anesthesia

Abstract Study Objective: To determine the duration and recovery profile of maintenance doses of cisatracurium besylate following succinylcholine, and during propofol or isoflurane anesthesia. Design: Randomized, open-label study. Setting: Operating suite of a university-affiliated medical center. Patients: Forty ASA physical status I and II adult patients having elective surgery with general anesthesia lasting longer than 90 minutes. Interventions: Following a standardized induction sequence, a baseline electromyogram (EMG) was obtained. An intubating dose of intravenous (IV) succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg was administered. Ventilation was maintained with a face mask until the first twitch (T 1 ) of the evoked train-of-four (TOF) reached 10% of control when tracheal intubation was performed. Spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular blockade was allowed to occur until the first twitch returned to 25% of control. Patients then were randomized to receive cisatracurium as follows. Group 1: 0.025 mg/kg [0.5 × 95% effective dose (ED 95 )]; Group 2: 0.05 mg/kg (ED 95 ); Group 3: 0.05 mg/kg (ED 95 ); and Group 4: 0.1 mg/kg (2×ED 95 ). Anesthesia for Groups 1 and 2 were maintained with isoflurane 1% to 2%, 66% nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in oxygen (O 2 ), and in Groups 3 and 4, anesthesia was maintained with propofol 80 to 160 μg/kg/min, 66% N 2 O in O 2 . The TOF-evoked EMG was recorded at 10-second intervals. The time for the evoked EMG to spontaneously return to 25%, 50%, and 75% of the original baseline was recorded. Measurements and Main Results: There were 10 patients in each of the four groups. The duration of action of cisatracurium 0.05 mg/kg (ED 95 ) after an intubating dose of succinylcholine is 24.5 ± 10 minutes and 21.3 ± 9 minutes during anesthesia maintained with isoflurane and propofol, respectively. Doubling the dose of cisatracurium resulted in approximately twice the duration of action (40.2 ± 7 min) during propofol anesthesia. Following a dose of cisatracurium 0.025 mg/kg (0.5×ED 95 ), the T 1 of the EMG-evoked response did not decrease below 25% in 7 of 10 patients. Conclusion: Following succinylcholine, the duration of action of a single dose of cisatracurium 0.05 mg/kg is 20 to 25 minutes during anesthesia maintained with propofol or isoflurane. The duration and recovery profile of cisatracurium is dose dependent during propofol and isoflurane anesthetics. Cisatracurium 0.025 mg/kg is an inadequate maintenance dose following recovery from succinylcholine and it fails to provide adequate surgical relaxation.
Intermolecular Cross-Linking of Collagen and the Identification of a New Beta-Component

Extraction of skin with 5M guanidine after salt and acid extraction yields a gelatin fraction which contains a greater proportion of double-chain (β) components than can be accounted for by intramo...
A comparison of hyperventilation and apnoea activation of the EEG

Abstract One thousand consecutive patients during routine electroencephalography were studied whenever possible by activation with hyperventilation followed by voluntary apnoea. The slowing of both hyperventilation and apnoea was inversely related to age and rarely by itself was considered a pathologic finding. Focal and paroxysmal dysrhythmias were elicited on both procedures and at times on apnoea alone. It is concluded that when the EEG diagnosis is not apparent from the previous record, apnoea is a simple, safe and quick procedure which in a small but significant percentage of cases may be used to advantage in the study of patients with suspected epilepsy, space-taking lesions, vascular and post-traumatic disorders.
Drying process paths of ternary polymer solution coating

Drying process paths of a ternary solution consisting of a polymer dissolved in a blend of a solvent and a nonsolvent are analyzed. A 1-D drying model applied to a ternary solution provides composition trajectories followed at different depths in the coating as a function of time, collectively called process paths. The effects of gas-phase mass-transfer coefficient, relative diffusivity and relative volatility, and partial saturation of the gas phase with solvents on these process paths are presented. When the solution coating enters the two-phase region, phase separation may take place, as illustrated by coatings prepared from ternary solutions of cellulose acetate in ketone and methanol. When acetone is the solvent, the coating phase separates. Replacing acetone with methyl ethyl ketone gives homogeneous coatings. Solution phase separation or “blush” is explained in terms of the drying-process paths and their relationship to the two-phase immiscible region.
Coupling between structural deformations and wheel—rail contact geometry in railroad vehicle dynamics

This investigation aims to demonstrate the effect of structural flexibility on the wheel—rail contact location and forces in railroad vehicle dynamics. It is shown that there is a strong dynamic coupling between the car body deformation coordinates and the wheel—rail contact parameters and geometry that depend on the wheel and rail surface profiles. In particular, two wheel profiles are considered in this study in order to examine the coupling between the geometry and structural flexibility. The first profile allows for a second point of contact on the flange of the wheel, while the second profile is designed such that the wheel cannot have more than one point of contact with the rail. The coupling between the deformation of the car body and the contact geometry is demonstrated through the comparison of computer simulations of a railroad tank car modelled with a flexible tank and a rigid tank. The simulations are performed using the methods of multi-body dynamics utilizing a fully non-linear multi-body fr...
A Linear-time Model of Language Production: some psychological implications (extended abstract)

The representation for pending realization decisions and planned linguistic actions (the results of earlier decisions) is a surface-level syntactic phrase structure augmented by explicit labelings for its constituent positions (hereafter referred to as the tree). 3 This working-structure is used simultaniously for control (determining what action to take next), for specifying constraints (what choices of actions are
Executive Coaching: A Conceptual Framework From an Integrative Review of Practice and Research

Executive coaching has become increasingly popular despite limited empirical evidence about its impact and wide disagreement about necessary or desired professional qualifications. This article examines the practice of executive coaching, investigating the useful underlying theories by reviewing previous research. It also provides a conceptual framework of executive coaching, integrating the literature on executive coaching and related areas such as mentoring, career success, 360-degree feedback, and training and development. The significance of this article lies in its integration of the extant literature on executive coaching and the development of a conceptual framework of executive coaching and related propositions derived from the literature. The article discusses the implications for future research and for human resource development.
Modeling of Nanoindentation and Microstructural Ductile Behavior in Metallic Material Systems

Specialized large-scale computational finite-element and molecular dynamic models have been used to understand and predict how dislocation density emission and contact stress fields due to nanoindentation affect inelastic deformation evolution at scales that span the molecular to the continuum level in ductile crystalline systems. Dislocation density distributions and local stress fields have been obtained for different crystalline slip-system and grain-boundary orientations. The interrelated effects of grain-boundary interfaces and orientations, dislocation density evolution and crystalline structure on indentation inelastic regions have been investigated.
Regulation of connexin43 gap junctional conductance by ventricular action potentials.

Transjunctional voltage regulates cardiac gap junctional conductance, but the kinetics of inactivation were considered too slow to affect cardiac action potential propagation. Connexin43 (Cx43) is abundantly expressed in the atrial and ventricular myocardium and the rapid ventricular conduction tissues (ie, His-Purkinje system) of the mammalian heart and is important to conduction through these cardiac tissues. The kinetics of Cx43 voltage gating were examined at peak action potential voltages using simulated ventricular myocardial action potential waveforms or pulse protocols exceeding 100-mV transjunctional potentials. Junctional current responses approximate the action potential morphology but conductance calculations reveal a 50% to 60% decline from peak to near constant plateau values. Junctional conductance recovers during phase 3 repolarization and early diastole to initial values. The bases for these transient changes in junctional conductance are the rapid decay kinetics in tens of milliseconds at peak transjunctional voltages (V j ) of 130 mV and the gradual increase in junctional conductance as V j returns toward 0 mV. The decay time constants change e-fold per 22.1 mV above the half-inactivation voltage for Cx43 gap junctions of ±58 mV. A realistic dynamic model for changes in junctional resistance between excitable and nonexcitable cells during cardiac action potential propagation was developed based on these findings. This dynamic model of cardiac gap junctions will further our understanding of the role gap junctions play in the genesis and propagation of cardiac arrhythmias. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
Understanding and treating blast traumatic brain injury in the combat theater

Objectives: Blast injury is a frequent cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the modern combat theater. We sought to explain the research and treatment associated with this injury. Methods: We reviewed literature on the prevalence of blast TBI (bTBI), blast injury mechanisms, research, and perspectives on the neurosurgical experience treating bTBI. Results: A majority of combat-related casualties in recent wars are due to blast. A majority of survivors of blast injuries are diagnosed with TBI. Blast injury may induce changes in the brain not seen with non-blastrelated mechanisms. However, long-term symptoms are not significantly different from non-blast mechanisms. Aggressive decompressive craniectomies are commonly performed in the combat theater. Discussion: Due to the prevalence and debilitating nature of bTBI, understanding injury mechanisms is crucial in treating the injury before symptoms become permanent. Treatment is currently limited to decompressive craniectomies, which are the most effective treatment for a relatively young and fit military population.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with the stringent substrate rhodanese bound to the single-ring variant SR1 of the E. coli chaperonin GroEL.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observation of the uniformly 2H,15N-labeled stringent 33-kDa substrate protein rhodanese in a productive complex with the uniformly 14N-labeled 400 kDa single-ring version of the E. coli chaperonin GroEL, SR1, was achieved with the use of transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy, cross-correlated relaxation-induced polarization transfer, and cross-correlated relaxation-enhanced polarization transfer. To characterize the NMR-observable parts of the bound rhodanese, coherence buildup rates by different magnetization transfer mechanisms were measured, and effects of covalent crosslinking of the rhodanese to the apical binding surface of SR1 were investigated. The results indicate that the NMR-observable parts of the SR1-bound rhodanese are involved in intracomplex rate processes, which are not related to binding and release of the substrate protein from the SR1 binding surface. Rather, they correspond to mobility of the stably bound substrate, which thus appears to include flexibly disordered polypeptide segments devoid of long-lived secondary structures or tertiary folds, as was previously observed also with the smaller substrate human dihydrofolate reductase.
Social Issues in Management Division Dissertation Award Competition for 2010: Acknowledging Exemplary Research Processes and Outcomes in Doctoral Study

This special dissertation forum, the first of its type to be published in this journal, reports the outcome and process for the 2010 annual Dissertation Award Competition for the Social Issues in Management (SIM) Division of the Academy of Management. The special forum comprises this introductory essay by the chair of the award committee and three dissertation abstracts by the award finalists. In addition, each finalist has provided a thoughtful essay reflecting on their experiences of the research process as junior scholars. The dissertation abstracts, with reflection essays, are in alphabetical order by last name of award finalist.
THEORIES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION IN RELATION TO BEGINNING READING INSTRUCTION1

Various theories of language acquisition are discussed: behavioristic, nativistic, and cognitive. Linguistically-oriented theories are compared with learning-oriented theories, and four controversial issues of frequency of stimuli, imitation, expansion, and meaning are reviewed. The theories are all rather unsubstantial at present. Reading acquisition seems to be very different from language acquisition, and the theories of language acquisition appear to have little to offer anyone in coming to a better understanding of how beginning reading should be taught.
Discreteness of the singular spectrum for Schrödinger operators

Under assumptions (1·1)–(1·3) given below, we prove discreteness of the positive singular spectrum of the forms realization of the operator – Δ + V . The limiting absorption principle is also proved.
'Bump' circuits for computing similarity and dissimilarity of analog voltages

The author describes two small analog circuits that compute generalised measures of the similarity of two voltage inputs. The similarity outputs from the circuits, given as currents, become large when the input voltages are close to each other. One of the circuits, the bump circuit, computes only this similarity output. The other circuit, the bump-anti-bump circuit, computes the similarity output as well as the dissimilarity measure. Each of its dissimilarity outputs becomes large only when the corresponding input is sufficiently larger than the other input. The dissimilarity outputs can be summed together or left separate; when left separate, they resemble generalised rectifier outputs. Test results are presented that illustrate these transfer characteristics. >
Planning personal projects and organizing personal information

In a given week, an active person may be working on, or at least thinking about, several different projects. Some are work-related (“prepare annual report”);others are not (“plan family ski vacation”). Projects have duration (several days to several months) and a structure that includes basic tasks (“book plane tickets”) and subprojects (“decide on hotel”). This article describes exploratory research that looks at the kinds of projects people manage in their daily lives, the problems they encounter and the kinds of support people need to manage better. The personal project is advanced as a tractable unit of analysis for the study of personal information management (PIM). Over time, a personal project often involves several forms of information (paper and digital documents, email, web pages, handwritten notes, etc.) and several supporting applications. People face problems of information fragmentation that are more widely experienced in their practice of PIM. A Project Planner prototype explores an exciting possibility that an effective, integrative organization of project-related information can emerge as a natural by-product of efforts to plan and structure the project.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons and cross-pin femoral fixation compared with patellar tendon autografts.

Purpose: To investigate the outcome of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with hamstring autograft using femoral cross-pin fixation compared with patellar tendon autografts. Type of Study: Matched retrospective cohort. Methods: Twenty-one patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft and femoral cross-pin fixation were evaluated at an average of 16.4 months postoperatively. Subjective data were collected using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and the Cincinnati Knee Scale. Objective data included a comprehensive knee examination, plain radiographs, and KT-1000 measurements. The results were compared with 19 matched patients who had previously undergone ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon autograft. Results: The average KT-1000 maximal manual side-to-side difference was 1.63 ± 0.68 mm. Eighty-six percent of IKDC scores were normal or nearly normal. The average overall Cincinnati Knee Scale subjective symptom rating was 8.7 ± 1.2. There was no significant difference in subjective or objective data between the 2 groups. Conclusions: ACL reconstruction using femoral cross-pin fixation is a reliable technique showing outcomes comparable to other established methods of fixation. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Application of epidermal morphology to taxonomic delimitations in the genus Jatropha L. (Euphorbiaceae)

SEM examination of the epidermis of mature leaves of 37 species in the ten sections of Jatropha (Euphoi-biaceae) has provided information consistent with an earlier revision of the genuS. All species examined show basic paracyic stomata, excluding J.fremontioides which has anisocytic stomata. Subgenera are well demarcated by presence of true paracytic stomata in subgenus Curcas and hrachyparacytic stomata in subgenus Jatropha. The two subgenera can also be distinguished by the presence of smooth hairs in subgenusJatropha and verrucose hairs in subgenus Curcas (except in section Curcas).Uniseriate, inulticellular hairs occur only in the three most advanced.closely related.sections (Jatropha, Collenucia and Spinosae) in subgenus Jatropha.Similarities and dissimilarities of cuticular ornamentations, shape of the epidermal and vein cells and direction of anticlinal walls can be used as distinguishing characters, usually significant at the species level.