cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining coronal heating of plasma loops through differential emission measure analysis

Insights into the nature of the heating mechanism in coronal plasmas can be gained through the analysis of differential emission measure curves localized along coronal loops. This technique is especially desirable since it does not require the isothermal approximation for potentially dynamic loop plasmas. Of particular interest are the parameters describing the heating rate per unit volume in the corona as a function of radial height and/or arc length along loop structures. Using simultaneous observations taken on 20 April 98 with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Coronal Diagnostics Spectrometer and the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope, plasma temperature distributions were constructed in the relevant temperature domain (Log T = 5.5–7.5) along an isolated coronal loop on the west limb, ranging from one footpoint to the loop top. Subsequent analysis of the differential emission measure curves using abundance values from Fludra and Schmelz (1999) at each pixel combined with knowledge of the loop geometry helped to pin down the coronal heating mechanism using the method described by Priest et al. (1998).
High speed junction diodes in BiCMOS technologies

Implementation of a very fast high voltage junction diode in a BiCMOS technology is discussed. It is shown that the diode is more than two orders of magnitude faster with almost two orders of magnitude lower stored charge compared to a conventional junction diode in a BiCMOS technology. Using the suggested diode structure, one can achieve the required isolation to the substrate as well as obtain the switching performance close to that of an ideal Schottky diode. It is also possible to integrate this fast switching diode structure into a LDMOS device to help improve the parasitic performance of the LDMOS and increase its switching speed.
Influence of eolian deposition and rainfall amounts on the U-isotopic composition of soil water and soil minerals

230Th–U dating of secondary deposits, such as speleothems and pedogenic carbonate and opal, provides information about the original (234U/238U) composition of the waters the minerals precipitated from. As a result, these types of deposits often display temporal variations in initial (234U/238U) that could reflect environmental variability. Past variations in soil water (234U/238U) may reflect changes in the flux of water through the soil, weathering rates, or dust inputs. In order to evaluate these potential influences, we analyzed modern soil water chemistry and U isotopic compositions of fluids and solids from three soil sequences in Nevada. Modern soil pore waters from Diamond Valley, Newark Valley, and Fish Lake Valley, Nevada show significant (234U/238U) differences between sites as a result of differing soil parent material. Newark Valley pore waters are more heavily influenced by carbonate weathering and display much more enriched (234U/238U) values than Diamond and Fish Lake Valley pore waters, which are dominated by silicate weathering. Newark Valley and Diamond Valley, although located very near to each other, have significantly different pore water (234U/238U) values, suggesting that deposition of distantly sourced dust does not exert a dominant influence on pore water (234U/238U) at these sites. Pore water (234U/238U) values also vary systematically along a rainfall gradient at Fish Lake Valley, where sites with lower rainfall display higher soil water (234U/238U) values. The results of this modern soil water chemistry study were used to parameterize two models that investigate the relative influence of dust content, α-recoil, and weathering on pore water (234U/238U) in the upper layer of the soil and at depth under changing infiltration rates. These models suggest that, while the composition of soluble dust entering a soil profile is an important consideration, the pore water (234U/238U) at depth, and thus the initial (234U/238U) of minerals that precipitate from pore waters, should be highly sensitive to changes in the infiltration flux through the soils. As infiltration flux is closely tied to rainfall, the initial (234U/238U) of soil minerals at these sites should provide information about past rainfall variability.
An efficient in vivo recombination cloning procedure for modifying and combining HSV-1 cosmids

Abstract A helper virus-free herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) plasmid vector system developed recently may have applications in gene therapy and basic physiological studies. This system might be improved by mutating specific HSV-1 genes in the packaging system and by creating large vectors. An in vivo recombination cloning procedure is reported that supports the routine manipulation of relatively large DNAs such as the five cosmids that comprise this helper virus-free HSV-1 packaging system. In vivo recombination cloning is carried out by transforming overlapping DNA fragments into a specific RecA+ Escherichia coli, BJ5183. The cloning efficiency was improved by using a modified version of the Hanahan transformation procedure, and the background was lowered by either using vectors with different combinations of ends (5′ overhangs, 3′ overhangs, blunt ends) or by treating the vector with calf intestinal phosphatase. The range of usable overlap sizes is from 251 bp to 18 kb with 500 bp to 5 kb preferred. This procedure supports the routine construction and mutation of HSV-1 cosmids, by use of up to six different DNA fragments, and the construction of plasmids up to 65 kb in size. This procedure may also have applications to other vector systems and to studies on large viruses.
High-yield synthesis of potentially ditopic coordinating cryptands and their metal complexes

Cryptands containing a tetradentate tris(aminoethyl)amine moiety have been prepared in high-yield via copper-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition followed by a templated 3+3 condensation. Silver and zinc complexes of the cryptands are reported. Weak interactions between a chloride anion and the cryptand suggest possible ditopic coordination.
Sensitivity analysis of the asymptotic behavior of a model for the environmental movement of radionuclides

Abstract The asymptotic behavior of a linear compartment model for the environmental movement of radionuclides is investigated. Here, the expression asymptotic behavior is used to designate the behavior of q(t) as t → ∞, where q is the solution of a vector differential equation of the form dq/dt = h + Kq. The asymptotic behavior of such equations is described. For the model and conditions under consideration, each element of q converges monotonically to a steady-state value. A hydrologic system is defined and used to illustrate this behavior. An approach to sensitivity analysis employing Latin hypercube sampling, rank transformations and stepwise regression is presented and then applied to this system. A total of 20 independent variables is introduced and the following dependent variables are investigated for the various components of the system: amount of radionuclide present at steady state. concentration of radionuclide at steady state, and time required to reach 90% of steady state. Finally, an application of asymptotic behavior in the analysis of a hypothetical site for the geologic isolation of high-level radioactive waste is described and a brief discussion of differential sensitivity analysis is given.
Abstract 2539: The PARP inhibitor AZD2281 induces autophagy and complete cell death in BRCA mutant breast cancer cell lines

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well-known DNA repair proteins that are usually mutated or deleted in breast tumors. According to the literature, 5 (12%) of 41 breast cancer cell lines have BRCA mutations and 28 (68%) of the 41 cell lines have BRCA1 allelic loss. PARP inhibitors are known to inhibit tumor growth in BRCA mutant tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PARP inhibitors in BRCA mutant breast cancer cell lines. We found that AZD2281 as a single agent induced complete cell death in BRCA1 mutant (HCC-1937, MDA-MB-436, and SUM-149PT) and BRCA2 mutant (HCC-1428) cell lines. AZD2281 induced an average growth inhibition of 33% in BRCA wild-type cell lines with BRCA1 allelic loss. Downregulation of BRCA1 or BRCA2 by shRNA sensitized the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines BT-20 and MDA-MB-231 to AZD2281 treatment. We also investigated whether autophagy is induced in response to PARP inhibition. AZD2281 treatment induced LC3-II expression, an indication of autophagy. Transmission electron micrographs demonstrated autophagosome formation after AZD2281 treatment. On transmission electron micrographs, we observed a decrease in mitochondria related to autophagosome formation after AZD2281 treatment. To show AZD2281 induced autophagy is targeting mitochondria, we labeled mitochondria with yellow fluorescein protein using lentiviral stable transfection. Flow cytometry measurement demonstrated a decrease in fluorescein-labeled mitochondria after AZD2281 treatment. Inhibition of autophagy in a AZD2281-treated BRCA mutant breast cancer cell line rescued mitochondrial degradation and partially inhibited apoptosis. In conclusion, we showed that autophagy plays an important role in AZD2281-induced cell death in BRCA mutant breast cancer cell lines by degradation of mitochondria besides DNA degradation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2539. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2539
An inexpensive and programmable RF transmitter setup for two‐coil CASL

An inexpensive and programmable RF transmitter for two-coil continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) system is presented in this paper. While previous implementations of two-coil CASL require the expensive MR RF instruments, the present design utilizes a low-cost system on chip direct digital synthesizer and a mini-size communication RF power amplifier to generate the labeling RF waveform without sacrificing RF performance. Compared with a single RF channel two-coil CASL approach, this design requires minimal scanner hardware modifications. Moreover, this design offers a programmable interface for easy sequence setup and debugging. Performance and ease of use are validated experimentally.
Estimation of rate constants of elementary processes—A review of the state of the art

'Thermochemical kinetics,' the codification and extrapolation of empirical observations, as applied to certain elementary reactions of importance to combustion studies, is described. This approach allows the critical scrutiny of experimental data in areas where sufficient previous data exist, while, at the same time, illuminating those key areas where more experimentation is crucial. It is shown that combination of transition-state theory with an understanding of the molecular basis of entropy puts fairly rigid constraints on the values of the Arrhenius A-factor for most reactions. This, in turn, means that the activation energy is often the key datum that is missing, and that such data can be obtained with some degree of confidence, even from measurements of rate constants at only one temperature. In complex mechanisms, it is often possible to distinguish among alternate pathways and pinpoint key processes.
Parable: Emile′s Question

A parable related to ethics among organizations, particularly with regard to relationships between managers and their workforce.
Critical thinking: A Socratic model

A concept of critical thinking is developed based on the Socratic method and called accordingly a Socratic model. First the features of critical thinking stressed in this model are stated and illustrated. The Socratic method is presented and interpreted, then taken to yield a model of critical thinking. The process of internalization by which the Socratic model helps us to become critical thinkers is described. Argument analysis is considered as a widely used instructional strategy adaptable for teaching critical thinking on the Socratic model. This Socratic model is advanced as one helpful way of organizing our ideas about critical thinking, helpful in unifying disparate factors and anchoring them in the humanist tradition.
Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.

Abstract Aim To determine the association between amiodarone and lidocaine and outcomes in children with cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Background Current AHA guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular care recommend amiodarone for cardiac arrest in children associated with shock refractory pVT/VF, based on a single pediatric study and extrapolation from adult data. Methods Retrospective cohort study from the Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation database for in-patient cardiac arrest. Patients Results Of 889 patients, 171 (19%) received amiodarone, 295 (33%) received lidocaine, and 82 (10%) received both. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred in 484/889 (54%), 24-h survival in 342/874 (39%), and survival to hospital discharge in 194/889 (22%). Lidocaine was associated with improved ROSC (adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.36–3), and 24-h survival (adjusted OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11–2.49), but not hospital discharge. Amiodarone use was not associated with ROSC, 24 h survival, or survival to discharge. Conclusions For children with in-hospital pVT/VF, lidocaine use was independently associated with improved ROSC and 24-h survival. Amiodarone use was not associated with superior rates of ROSC, survival at 24 h. Neither drug was associated with survival to hospital discharge.
Effect of Sodium Lactate on Microbial and Chemical Composition of Cooked Beef during Storage

Cooked, vacuum packaged beef top rounds injected with 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4% sodium lactate were stored up to 84 days at 0°C. Aerobic plate counts (APC), water activity, pH and lactic acid content were determined at 14-day intervals. Microbial distributions were characterized following 0.56 and 84 days storage. Increasing sodium lactate resulted in reduction in APC. Water activity was not affected by sodium lactate level. Decreases in pH were minimized at sodium lactate >3%. Initially, the microflora of roasts consisted primarily of Micrococcus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. After 84 days the microflora consisted primarily of hetero- and homofermentative Lactobacillus spp. No differences in APC, lactic acid content, pH or water activity occurred between top rounds with 3 and 4% sodium lactate. Cooked, refrigerated roast beef injected with up to 3 or 4% sodium lactate had microbial shelf-life up to 84 days.
Fractured clavicle is an unavoidable event.

Objectives : The three purposes of this study were to determine the incidence of fractured clavicle in newborns delivered at our hospital, to identify preventable risk factors associated with these fractured clavicles, and to identify the acute sequelae of fractured clavicle in these infants. Study Design : We performed a retrospective chart review of all women delivered during an 8-month period. Newborns with radiologically proved fractured clavicles were compared with a control group of infants delivered immediately before and immediately after the study patient. Maternal, labor, delivery, and newborn factors were analyzed statistically. Results : A fractured clavicle occurred in 0.9% (34/3880) of vaginally delivered newborns; none occurred with an abdominal delivery. The only statistically significant risk factors were gestational age, shoulder dystocia, and newborn weight. No infant with fractured clavicle had a 5-minute Apgar score Conclusions : We did not identify a specific perinatal factor that can be changed to avoid clavicle fracture. The injury appears to be an unavoidable event without permanent sequelae. Thus it is not an indicator for quality improvement.
Challenges and opportunities for enhancing biotechnology and technology transfer in developing countries

Biotechnological innovation is gaining increased recognition as an important tool for improving global health. The challenge, however, lies in defining the role of technology transfer to develop therapies for diseases prevalent in developing countries. During the past decade, a large disparity emerged between the developed and developing world in accessing affordable medicines because of the pharmaceutical industry's focus on health areas bearing greatest profits. Discussed herein are several mechanisms that provide partial solutions to this challenge. The Office of Technology Transfer of the US National Institutes of Health has increased its technology licensing pertaining to neglected diseases to partners in developing regions. Establishing partnerships through the transfer of technologies and assisting indigenous institutions build R and D capacity may positively impact policies on protection of intellectual property rights and increase multinational company investments in lesser-developed countries. This will most probably result in the development of more accessible therapies for those in need.
DEVELOPMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF AN EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE IN EGG SIZE: AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST.

Larvae of two species of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and S. purpuratus) differ in initial form and in the rate of development. To determine whether these differences are attributable to the large interspecific difference in egg size, we experimentally reduced egg size by isolating blastomeres from embryos. The rate of development of feeding larvae derived from isolated blastomeres was quantified using a novel morphometric method. If the differences early in the life histories of these two species are due strictly to differences in egg size, then experimental reduction of the size of S. droebachiensis eggs should yield an initial larval form and rate of development similar to that of S. purpuratus. Our experimental manipulations of egg size produced three clear results: 1) smaller eggs yielded larvae that were smaller and had simpler body forms, 2) smaller eggs resulted in slower development through the early feeding larval stages, and 3) effects of egg size were restricted to early larval stages. Larvae from experimentally reduced eggs of the larger species had rates of development similar to those of the smaller species. Thus, cytoplasmic volumes of the eggs, not genetic differences expressed during development, account for differences in larval form and the rate of form change. This is the first definitive demonstration of the causal relationship between egg size (parental investment per offspring) and life-history characteristics in marine benthic invertebrates. Because larval form influences feeding capability, the epigenetic effects of egg size on larval form are likely to have important functional consequences. Adaptive evolution of egg size may be constrained by the developmental relationships between egg size and larval form: evolutionary changes in egg size alone can result in concerted changes in larval form and function; likewise evolutionary changes in larval form and function can be achieved through changes in egg size. These findings may have broader implications for other taxa in which larval morphology and, consequently, performance may be influenced by changes in egg size.
Algorithms for a Class of Nondifferentiable Problems

A nonlinear programming problem with nondifferentiabilities is considered. The nondifferentiabilities are due to terms of the form min(f 1(x),...,f n(x)), which may enter nonlinearly in the cost and the constraints. Necessary and sufficient conditions are developed. Two algorithms for solving this problem are described, and their convergence is studied. A duality framework for interpretation of the algorithms is also developed.
Aging and Self-Reported Barriers to Employment After Spinal Cord Injury

Previous studies suggest that employment rates after spinal cord injury (SCI) are inversely related to age at injury but are positively related to years since injury. The current study investigated the relationships between these two components of aging (age at injury onset and years since injury) and self-reported barriers to employment. Both factors were related to an increase in barriers to employment, most of which were due to declining health. The largest number of barriers were reported by those with the oldest age at injury (45-54 years in this study) and those with the most years postinjury (30+ years).
Sub 10-nm contact holes with aspect ratio over sixty formed by e-beam resist shrinkage techniques

E-beam chain scission resist ZEP520A with 400 nm thickness was studied for sub-10 nm contact holes with high aspect ratio formed by CD shrinkage techniques of thermal reflow and SAFIER. CD shrinkage temperatures and repeating times were process parameters to be studied. Design parameters of initial CD of 40-100 nm and line/space ratio of contact hole with 1/3 and >1/20 before shrinkage were also studied. Process window of thermal reflow for the aforementioned initial CDs is 155-165 °C while that of SAFIER is 150-165 °C. There is no shrinkage for both methods for temperatures below 140 °C. CD shrinkage rates of both methods decrease for more than one time of heating. Thermal reflow has a larger CD shrinkage rate than SAFIER. The dependence of shrinkage rate on initial CD size and spatial frequency is not apparent. CD nearly ceases shrinking for further heatings as the CD reaches an ultimate CD size. The ultimate CD for a larger initial CD is also larger. The smallest shrunk CD is found to be 5.8 nm with aspect ratio over sixty for 50 nm initial designed CD. CD uniformity also studied for both processes with 3-sigma smaller than +/-10%. The contact holes shrunk by thermal reflow process generally show funnel-shape profiles while those shrunk by SAFIER process show similar profiles with wider undercut. In summary, the thermal reflow process results in better profile while the SAFIER with slower CD shrinkage rate has a better control on CD and uniformity.
Differential effects of dorsal hippocampal inactivation on expression of recent and remote drug and fear memory

Drugs of abuse generate strong drug-context associations, which can evoke powerful drug cravings that are linked to reinstatement in animal models and to relapse in humans. Work in learning and memory has demonstrated that contextual memories become more distributed over time, shifting from dependence on the hippocampus for retrieval to dependence on cortical structures. Implications for such changes in the structure of memory retrieval to addiction are unknown. Thus, to determine if the passage of time alters the substrates of conditioned place preference (CPP) memory retrieval, we investigated the effects of inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) with the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol on expression of recent or remote CPP. We compared these effects with the same manipulation on expression of contextual fear conditioning. DH inactivation produced similar deficits in expression of both recent and remote CPP, but blocked expression of recent but not remote contextual fear memory. We describe the implications of these findings for mechanisms underlying long-term storage of contextual information.
Fanny Howe's CATHOLIC: Moving on from T. S. Eliot's FOUR QUARTETS

The American writer Fanny Howe has written more than twenty volumes of poetry, fiction, and essays in her career dating back to the 1960s. Her work has consistently explored faith and doubt in a va...
A spatial model to aggregate point-source and nonpoint-source water-quality data for large areas

Abstract More objective and consistent methods are needed to assess water quality for large areas. A spatial model, one that capitalizes on the topologic relationships among spatial entities, to aggregate pollution sources from upstream drainage areas is described that can be implemented on land surfaces having heterogeneous water-pollution effects. An infrastructure of stream networks and drainage basins, derived from 1:250,000-scale digital-elevation models, define the hydrologic system in this spatial model. The spatial relationships between point- and nonpoint pollution sources and measurement locations are referenced to the hydrologic infrastructure with the aid of a geographic information system. A maximum-branching algorithm has been developed to simulate the effects of distance from a pollutant source to an arbitrary downstream location, a function traditionally employed in deterministic water quality models.
Local Government Management Change, Crossing Boundaries, and Reinvigorating Scholarship

This special issue of ARPA seeks to fill a void in the public administration literature by bringing to the forefront analyses of local government and metropolitan challenges from the perspective of...
Markov-modulated PH/G/1 queueing systems

We study a PH/G/1 queue in which the arrival process and the service times depend on the state of an underlying Markov chain J(t) on a countable state spaceE. We derive the busy period process, waiting time and idle time of this queueing system. We also study the Markov modulated EK/G/1 queueing system as a special case.
Investigation of Dynamic Structural Models Suitable for the Simulation of Large Aircraft

Abstract : The simulation of modern aircraft with lightweight structures and high bandwidth control systems requires more sophisticated modeling than the standard six degree-of-freedom representation. The objective of this work was to investigate and test methods for incorporating longitudinal structural mode vibration data into the simulation equations which would allow for variation in frequency and shape functions relative to an established baseline. Using a two-dimensional COSMOS/M(TM) finite element model, the thickness and the length of the aircraft model were varied to match the resonant frequency of the baseline model. The addition of forces then matched the mode shape of the computer model to the actual shape of the baseline. The results, confirmed by experimental tests, indicated that it is possible to effectively model the natural frequency and mode shape at any longitudinal location as center of gravity and/or weight is varied about a nominal condition. Moreover, the methodology allows new configuration baselines to be established by the matching of modal frequencies and shapes to external data from ground or flight tests.
Reply to ’’Comment on inelastic scattering in atom–diatomic molecule collisions. I. Rotational transition in the sudden approximation’’

A reply is made to the comments by pack in the preceeding Comment and it is argued that the assumptions in paper discussed [Stallcop, J. Chem. Phys. 61, 5085 (1974)] are valid. (AIP)
Stability of Parameter Estimates for a Gaussian Process

Maximum-likelihood estimates for the levels of the mean value function and the covariance function of a Gaussian random process are investigated. The stability of these estimates is examined as the actual covariance function of the process deviates from the form assumed in the estimators. It is found that the time-bandwidth product for stationary processes represents an upper bound on the number of estimator terms that can be safely used when estimating with uncertainty about the process covariance function. This result is consistent with other interpretations of the time-bandwidth product and tempers the conclusion that, in principle, an infinite number of estimator terms can be used to obtain a perfect estimate of the covariance level. In practice, the estimate of the level can never be perfect, and the accuracy of the estimate depends on the observation interval. Finally, conditions are established to ensure asymptotic stability of the estimates and physical interpretations are presented.
Muscle activity for initiation of planar, two-joint arm movements in different directions

We studied planar, point-to-point arm movements to various target positions, starting from a fixed initial position. The movements involved coordinated rotations about the shoulder and elbow joints. One of our aims was to determine for each joint whether flexion was always initiated by flexor muscle activity and, similarly, whether extension was always initiated by extensor activity. Based on electromyographic records we found for all subjects that this was not the case for movements to certain areas of the workspace. An alternative hypothesis, that the initial muscle activity should be appropriate for exerting an isometric force in the direction of the final position, was also contradicted by our observations. Nevertheless, the data for each joint revealed that flexor-initiated movements occurred for final positions in a certain region of the workspace that was distinct from the region of final positions for extensor-initiated movements.
A Review of Sufficient Conditions for Structure Identification in Interconnected Systems

Abstract Structure identification of large-scale but sparse-flow interconnected dynamical systems from limited data has recently gained much attention in the control and signal processing communities. This paper reviews some of the recent results on Compressive Topology Identification (CTI) of such systems with a particular focus on sufficient recovery conditions. We list and discuss the key elements that influence the recovery performance of CTI, namely, the network topology, the number of measurements, and the input sequence. In regards to the last element, we analyze the recovery conditions with respect to an experiment design.
An Atrial Flutter Circuit Within the Cavotricuspid Isthmus

This article discusses the case of a 69-year-old man with hypertension and diabetes who was admitted for recurrent palpitations and documented atrial flutter. The authors describe the electrophysiologic study and ablation of this case.
ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES OF THE FEMALE RAT REPRODUCTIVE TRACT.

The nonspecific carboxyl esterases and alkaline and acid phosphomonoesterases were studied in the ovary, oviduct, uterus and vagina of the intact, ovariectomized, salpingectomized or hysterectomized rat by the zymogram method. In the intact animal a single prominent alkaline phosphomonoesterase was evident in each of the reproductive organs. Its activity was greater during the proestrous and estrous periods than during the metestrous or diestrous periods. On occasion, 3 other alkaline phosphomonoesterases were observed in the uterus and vagina. Following ovariectomy, a general decrease in activity of this class of enzymes occurred throughout the genital tract. Conversely, after salpingectomy or hysterectomy, alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity increased in all organs studied. In the intact animal a minimum of 7 esterases in each of the 4 reproductive organs was demonstrated. Four acid phosphomonoesterases were also evident, of which only 2 could be repeatedly reproduced. Although variations in enzyme ac...
The rhetoric of identification and the study of organizational communication

This essay argues that scholars of rhetoric and communication broaden their conception and application of Kenneth Burke's “rhetoric of identification.” The first part of the essay offers the individual‐organization relationship as an exemplar for understanding and examining the rhetoric of identification. The second section derives a tentative typology of identification strategies and tactics and applies it in a critical assessment of corporate house organs. The essay concludes with an interpretive explication of the process of identification in contemporary business organizations.
Insig: a significant integrator of nutrient and hormonal signals.

Lipogenesis is regulated by sterols and by insulin through the regulated expression and activation of the sterol regulatory element–binding proteins (SREBPs). A new study shows one way in which sterol and insulin regulation can be decoupled. In transgenic mice overexpressing a protein that regulates SREBP activation, lipogenesis is more sensitive to cholesterol and less sensitive to insulin.
Single-valued a-transducers

A single-valued a-transducer is an a-transducer for which the transduction relation is a partial function on strings. Our concern is with questions of decidability and with the structure of input strings (and the associated output strings) that are accepted via more than one path. The main results are: Single-valuedness is decidable. Equivalence of single-valued a-transducers is decidable. For an a-transducer multipath-input strings which pass through loops must pass through loops whose inputs satisfy commutativity conditions and when the a-transducer is single-valued the outputs of the loops must satisfy similar conditions.
The aluminum–silicon eutectic reaction: mechanisms and crystallography

Abstract The evolution of the contemporary theory for the formation and chemical modification of the aluminum–silicon eutectic is reviewed. The work of Hellawell et al., which laid the foundation for the present day understanding of this technologically important reaction, is critically examined and certain inconsistencies are shown to exist between the contemporary theory and more current concepts.
A solid state signal multiplexer

Abstract A solid state device has been designed which is capable of scanning up to eight thermocouple inputs and feeding the output of each sequentially into a single channel recorder. Alternately, up to four thermocouples can be amplified and multiplexed with other analog signals to provide outputs compatible with a single span range. During normal operation this unit cycles repeatedly through a present number of channels and activates the recorder pen lift mechanism between channels. Subsequent circuitry features a unity gain differential input amplifier which can compensate all thermocouples from a single reference thermocouple, an adjustable gain amplifier, provision for unamplified uncompensated output from four channels, and provision for generating the first derivative of the thermocouple inputs to allow direct monitoring of either cooling rate or warming rate. Although designed to monitor cooling rates, the unit is sufficiently versatile to be useful for many other recording applications.
Exercise as a Treatment for the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Regular physical activity decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease and modifies multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The optimum amount of exercise continues to generate debate; however, the general recommendation is that all adults should engage in 30 min of moderate-intensity physical activity on five, and preferably all, days of the week. Despite extensive data and recommendations, a significant proportion of the US adult population remains sedentary. Promoting physical activity at a public level remains a major challenge because of the presence of multiple behavioral, physical, and environmental barriers. Health care providers have an opportunity and a responsibility to include exercise counseling in routine office visits.
Exhaled carbon monoxide screening for environmental tobacco smoke exposure in preanesthetic children.

Summary Objective: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with an increased risk of perioperative adverse events in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) as a preoperative ETS screening tool in children. Methods: Five hundred and one children aged 6–15 years were enrolled. The child’s guardian completed a questionnaire that surveyed environmental exposures to CO and ETS. A preoperative urine sample was obtained from children who assented and were able to void, and urine cotinine values were measured. Exhaled CO was measured using the EC50-Micro Smokerlyzer® (Bedfont Scientific Ltd, UK). Results: Four hundred and fifty-one subjects completed the study, and urine samples were obtained from 83. 25% of subjects were classified as exposed to ETS based on questionnaire results. Exhaled CO values did not correlate with either the qualitative (questionnaire) or quantitative (urine cotinine) measurements of ETS exposure. Exhaled CO predicted a urine cotinine/creatinine ratio >10 with a sensitivity of 10% and a specificity of 85%. Conclusion: Exhaled CO measured by this device is not a useful preoperative screening tool for ETS exposure in children. Because exhaled CO has been used successfully to monitor ETS exposure in adolescents, we believe that its failure in our population is as a result of the limited ability of small children to perform vital capacity maneuvers in order to provide an adequate endtidal sample.
Asymptotics for Christoffel functions for general measures on the real line

We consider asymptotics of Christoffel functions for measures ν with compact support on the real line. It is shown that under some natural conditionsn times thenth Christoffel function has a limit asn→∞ almost everywhere on the support, and the limit is the Radon-Nikodym derivative of ν with respect to the equilibrium measure of the support of ν. The case in which the support is an interval was settled previously by A. Mate, P. Nevai and the author. The present paper solves the general problem.
The influence of microstructure and strain rate on the compressive deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V

This article reports on a study of deformation of Ti-6Al-4V in compression. In particular, two different microstructures, the equiaxed microstructure and the Widmanstatten microstructure, were generated from the same parent material and their properties were measured. The results show that at small strains, the mechanical response of samples with these microstructures is similar. The yield strength and the flow stress at a 0.05 true strain have similar values; these increase with increasing strain rate over the range of 0.1 to 1000 s−1. However, samples with the Widmanstatten microstructure failed at a smaller strain than their counterparts with the equiaxed microstructure, and this difference increased with increasing strain rate. Examination of cross sections of samples deformed to different levels of strain showed that the deformation was inhomogeneous. As the sample barreled, the deformation built up on the surfaces of two cones of material whose apices met in the center of the sample. Cracks formed in the corners of the samples and propagated in toward the center. In samples with the equiaxed microstructure, short cracks and voids formed, but they were usually blunted at the grain boundaries. Long cracks were only observed immediately before failure. In samples with the Widmanstatten microstructure, cracks could grow within the laths more easily, and, as a result, longer cracks formed at lower strains. We propose that this difference leads to the differences in the failure strains for these two microstructures. Finally, examination of data in the literature, along with our own results, indicates that the interstitial content plays an important role in determining the yield stress of the material.
Cryogenic Probe with Low-Loss Transmission Line for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

In the design and construction of NMR probes, it is frequently useful to have the tuning elements remote from the NMR coil and sample space. In such cases, a transmission line is an integral part of the resonance circuit. The characteristics of transmission lines are considered and a design for a low-loss transmission line probe is given. The impedance transformation characteristics of low-loss transmission lines are used in several cryogenic probes including singly and doubly tuned probes. Although a low-loss transmission line improves the efficiency of the probe, it may not be the dominant factor in maximizing energy transfer to the NMR coil.
Effect of hypoxic stress on induction and plasticity of tumor-induced immune cells in uveal melanoma

Purpose Highly malignant uveal melanoma contain increased numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages. We wondered whether hypoxia plays a role in the development of this inflammation. We analysed whether hypoxia induces uveal melanoma cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, and whether tumor supernatant (TSN) affects monocyte migration and differentiation. Methods The expression of pro-inflammatory genes in freshly cultured uveal melanoma was studied in an in vitro 24 hour hypoxic culture system using qPCR. Cell lines were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Chemotaxis was tested using a transwell system with purified monocytes and TSN. Differentiation was tested by adding TSN to a monocyte-DC culture. CCL2, IL-6 and PGE2 levels in TSN were determined by ELISA. Results Exposure of freshly-cultured uveal melanoma cells to hypoxia led to an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines PLGF, TGFs, END1, ICAM1 and a lower expression of AIMP1 (EMAP2), CCL2 (MCP-1), and IL1b. TSN from melanoma cells lines, cultured in normoxic as well as hypoxic conditions, was able to attract monocytes. Migration was independent of tumor-produced CCL2. Uveal melanoma supernatant inhibits monocyte differentiation. Conclusion Under hypoxic conditions, immune response genes are differentially expressed in cultured primary uveal melanoma cells. TSN from uveal melanoma cell lines is capable of affecting the chemotactic response of monocytes in vitro, irrespectively of the hypoxic or normoxic conditions. Our data suggest that the induction of immune cells is not dependent on intratumoral oxygen level, and the uveal melanoma TSN does not skew macrophage polarization phenotype.
Polyserositis, Acute Withdrawal, and Relapse After Abrupt Clozapine Discontinuation

Received Aug. 3, 2001; revision received Jan. 24, 2002; accepted Feb. 13, 2002. From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and the Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland. Address reprint requests to Dr. Franco, P57, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195; francok@ccf.org (e-mail). Copyright 2002 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine. Despite clozapine’s efficacy, there are occasions when switching medication is indicated and a slow taper to avoid withdrawal is recommended. We report the consequences and treatment of abrupt discontinuation of clozapine in a male patient with schizoaffective disorder.
Hypnotic responsivity as a predictor of outcome in meditation

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that measures of hypnotic responsivity would predict outcome from brief meditation training. 58 Ss were matched on hypnotic responsivity and randomly assigned to meditation and control conditions. The Ss in the meditation group displayed significantly greater decreases in trait anxiety than control Ss following a 1-week treatment period. The Ss highest in hypnotic responsivity showed the most substantial decrements in anxiety. It is concluded that hypnotic responsivity is moderately predictive of outcome in meditation. Findings were also consistent with reports that hypnotic responsivity is not increased by practice in meditation.
Sensing distant nuclear spins with a single electron spin.

We experimentally demonstrate the use of a single electronic spin to measure the quantum dynamics of distant individual nuclear spins from within a surrounding spin bath. Our technique exploits coherent control of the electron spin, allowing us to isolate and monitor nuclear spins weakly coupled to the electron spin. Specifically, we detect the evolution of distant individual $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ nuclear spins coupled to single nitrogen vacancy centers in a diamond lattice with hyperfine couplings down to a factor of 8 below the electronic spin bare dephasing rate. Potential applications to nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging and quantum information processing are discussed.
A Longitudinal Study of Net Interest Margin by Bank Asset Size: 1992-2005

With the consolidation in banking over the past 20 years, interest in the comparative performance of big and small banks intensified. This study expands this research and examines the profitability of intermediation (measured by net interest margin or NIM) through a longitudinal model that uses panel data. Banks are assigned to one of five asset classes for each year of the 1992–2005 period, and the classes serve as the panels. Results show that interest rate effects on NIM vary by asset class, but the presence of economic effects and fixed effects on NIM depends on the model's specifications.
7 R 19.1 ° superlattice of Ar/Ag(111)

Recent observations of a higher-order-commensurate lattice of argon physisorbed on Ag(111) are discussed. The source of the registry energy and the positioning of the unit cell with four Ar atoms in high-symmetry low-coordination sites are attributed to a special case of the Novaco-McTague mechanism for orientational epitaxy. The importance of measurements of the differences of adatom-substrate distances in the unit cell is emphasized.
WDM transmission of 152-Gb/s polarization multiplexed RZ-16QAM signals with 25-GHz channel spacing over 15×80-km of SSMF

We demonstrate transmission of 20×152-Gb/s PolMux-RZ-16QAM at a channel spacing of 25 GHz (5.68 b/s/Hz) over 15×80-km spans of SSFM. Coherent detection was used to recover the transmitted data and we achieved BER below 3.8×10−3.
On the classification of Boolean functions

Two Boolean functions which differ only by permutation and complementation of their n input variables belong to the same symmetry class. Methods are described for determining the number of symmetry classes for functions of n variables, and for ascertaining whether or not two functions belong to the same class. This classification is achieved via a complete set of invariants, characteristic of the class, and easily computable from any function in it. The invariants also provide information concerning the size and symmetry properties of the class. Analogous techniques apply to other symmetry classifications of Boolean functions, and to more general categories of discrete mappings.
Biochemistry and Genetics of von Willebrand Factor

▪ Abstract Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a blood glycoprotein that is required for normal hemostasis, and deficiency of VWF, or von Willebrand disease (VWD), is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. VWF mediates the adhesion of platelets to sites of vascular damage by binding to specific platelet membrane glycoproteins and to constituents of exposed connective tissue. These activities appear to be regulated by allosteric mechanisms and possibly by hydrodynamic shear forces. VWF also is a carrier protein for blood clotting factor VIII, and this interaction is required for normal factor VIII survival in the circulation. VWF is assembled from identical ≈250 kDa subunits into disulfide-linked multimers that may be >20,000 kDa. Mutations in VWD can disrupt this complex biosynthetic process at several steps to impair the assembly, intracellular targeting, or secretion of VWF multimers. Other VWD mutations impair the survival of VWF in plasma or the function of specific ligand binding sites. This growing...
Wideband channel measurements at 900 MHz

The paper describes RF channel measurements conducted in a mixed urban-suburban region of Bellevue, Washington using a BPSK DS-SS sounder with a bandwidth of 20 MHz (10 Mc/s) operating in the 915 MHz ISM band. The survey was used to study delay spread characteristics in a 1.23 MHz wide channel. The fast-fading envelope distribution of resolvable rays was found to vary between Rayleigh and Rician-distributed at 1.23 MHz bandwidth. At a higher bandwidth of 20 MHz the distribution was approximately Rician with a K-factor of 8-12 dB. It was estimated that a 4-finger, 2-port non-coherent IS-95 base station would make use of the second finger pair approximately 60% of the time. The differential delay between 1st and 2nd finger assignments was usually less than 8 /spl mu/s, and there was little observable variation in the delay of the first-arriving multipath component between channel soundings spaced at 3 s intervals.