cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maxillofacial Anatomy and Anatomical Spaces

The anatomical spaces of the face are defined as loose connective tissues bordered by the mucosa, bone, muscles, and fasciae and which contain the vessels, nerves, salivary glands and ducts, and muscles. Infections and tumors can spread via these spaces to reach the mediastinum, for example. Also, pathology in these spaces can cause dysfunction of adjacent nerves.
Mystical, Religious, and Spiritual Experiences

The study of experience has long been a dominant theme in the psychology of religion. Whether or not there is a form of experience that is uniquely religious is a contested theme within the field. Part of this is captured by whether individuals identify themselves as religious, spiritual, neither, or both. Spirituality has come to be identified with a largely private, individualized focus on transcendent experiences, while religion has largely been focused on institutional expression and explicit belief statements regarding such experiences. The entry into religion (conversion) and the exit from religion (deconversion) are often largely experientially based. Both conversion and deconversion have differing psychological consequences depending on whether or not they are sudden or gradual. The nature of the cultural context in which conversion and deconversion occur is an important factor. The importance of religion varies greatly between cultures. Almost any experience can be identified as religious if it is framed within a system of religious beliefs. Among the most commonly studied religiously framed experiences are glossolalia (tongues speaking) and varieties of prayer. Meditation is analogous to prayer in many ways, but more likely to be associated with persons who identify themselves as spiritual but not religious. Among the claims to a specifically unique form of religious experience, mysticism is most commonly cited. This experience of self-loss and of a sense of ultimate unity is found both within the major faith traditions where it is given a specific religious interpretation and outside of institutional religion where it is associated with spirituality.
N5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine Transmethylase PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES

Abstract N5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine transmethylase was isolated in millimicromole quantities (290-fold purified) from an extract of 2 kg of Escherichia coli B. Although it was not homogeneous the purity of the enzyme was sufficient to show that the salmon color of the preparations was due to a tightly bound vitamin B12 derivative which reacts with cyanide. In the visible region the absorption spectrum of the vitamin B12 enzyme closely resembled that of B12r (a reduced derivative containing monovalent cobalt). By sucrose gradient centrifugation a sedimentation coefficient of 7.1 was obtained for the purified enzyme. The vitamin B12 transmethylase was isolated entirely in the form of its holoenzyme and it catalyzed methionine formation from homocysteine plus N5-methyltetrahydrofolate, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, or methyl-B12 (5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide methyl) as the methyl donor. Transmethylation from either N5-methyltetrahydrofolate or S-adenosyl-l-methionine required a chemical reducing system whereas methyl group transfer from methyl-B12 did not.
Bilateral hippocampal atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy: effect of depressive symptoms and febrile seizures.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often is associated with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Cendes et al., 1993). MTS is characterized by neuron loss, gliosis, and hippocampal atrophy ipsilateral to seizure foci (Mathern et al., 1995). Because neuron loss and the extent of hippocampal atrophy vary among patients with TLE, comparing hippocampal volumes across diagnostic groups may reveal relationships among structural pathology, clinical features, and comorbidities. MTS and decreased hippocampal volume are associated with mood disorders in some but not all studies of TLE (Quiske et al., 2000; Shamim et al., 2009; Wrench et al., 2009). Measuring whole hippocampal volumes may overlook local shape and volume differences with potential clinical relevance, since MTS may be associated with restricted neuronal loss leading to local deformations in surface morphology (Lin et al., 2005). Identifying these patterns may help detect patients most at risk for affective symptoms and elucidate the epilepsy-depression link. Prolonged febrile seizures (FS) are associated with acute hippocampal injury (Van Landingham et al., 1998; Scott et al., 2002), increased risk for epilepsy (Verity & Golding, 1991), and MTS (Cendes et al., 1993; Van Paesschen et al., 1996; Kim et al., 1999; Theodore et al., 1999; Pittau et al., 2009). Histologic studies indicate loss of specific neuronal populations (Bluumcke et al., 1999; Crespel et al., 2002), and visualizing three-dimensional (3D) profiles of local hippocampal atrophy may elucidate pathology related to FS. Radial atrophy mapping (RAM) computes distances from a structure's center to reconstruct neuroanatomic surfaces and visualize local changes in surface anatomy. These distances can be averaged and compared across groups or covaried with other clinical data. Hippocampal RAM on patients with TLE predicted postsurgical outcome, with seizure-free patients displaying greater presurgical hippocampal asymmetry than those not seizure free after temporal lobectomy (Lin et al., 2005). A recent RAM study found a difference in hippocampal surface anatomy between two electrographically distinct forms of epilepsy (Ogren et al., 2009). We used RAM to investigate the effects of depressive symptoms, febrile seizure history, and epilepsy duration on hippocampal surface anatomy in 40 subjects with TLE.
Synthesis of a Polyimide Porous Porphyrin Polymer for Selective CO2 Capture

A new microporous porphyrin-based imide linked polymer, PyP, was synthesized in an m-cresol/isoquinoline mixture between a porphyrin and a naphthalene tetra-carboxylic dianhydride. The resultant amorphous polymer demonstrates a moderate surface area (SBET = 428 m2 g−1) and CO2 adsorption ability (3.5 wt%) and a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 5.6 at 273 K/1 bar.
Alterations in body fluid compartments and exchangeable sodium in the early puerperium

Abstract It has been almost generally accepted, for decades, that normal pregnancy is associated with hydration of the maternal tissues and the retention of rather large amounts of water and sodium, which are lost in the early puerperium (for review of the literature, see Chesley 1 ). In the present paper a group of just-delivered, normal women will be compared to a matched group of nonpregnant women, with respect to volumes of distribution of T-1824 (plasma volume?), sucrose (extracellular fluid volume?), sodium 24 and the 24 hour exchangeable sodium. Eleven of the just-delivered women were kept on balance studies for a week after delivery and the measurements were then repeated. Attempted measurements of total body water with N-acetyl-4-amino-antipyrine (NAAP) 2 were not satisfactory.
Attendance and Grades: Economic Behavior Analysis

In this paper, economic behavior analysis is applied to the issue of attendance and grades. We test the hypothesis that a student's attendance is mainly based upon the student's taste/preference for a teacher's teaching style. Consequently, this hypothesis is accepted. We also develop econometric models and apply both OLS and 2SLS methods to test the hypothesis that students' attendance positively and significantly affects students' overall grades. Our findings reveal that attendance and grades are positively and significantly related, indicating that the hypothesis is accepted. We suggest that there is no need to adopt an enforced mandatory attendance policy for college students if instructors know how to use appropriate strategies to improve students' attendance and grade performance.
Preaching, Sexuality, and Women Religious

This paper addresses how the role of the prophetic is contested by examining ecclesial conflict in the Catholic Church as exemplified in the Vatican critique of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious and the social ministries and lobbying efforts of NETWORK’s “Nuns on the Bus.” Drawing on the fields of homiletics, biblical studies, public theology, and feminist theology, we examine patterns of prophetic discourse and defend the work of the nuns as prophetic in that their work bears witness to the reign of God in everyday contexts. Binary patterns such as church/world, ordained/lay, sacred/profane, male/female, privileged/marginalized are ultimately inaccurate and unhelpful. We argue that the prophetic must be shaped and discerned by the lived experiences of the whole people of God but privileging the experiences of those on the margins. We invite readers to think of the role of the prophetic beyond the pulpit and into the public sphere.
Yes the Children Are More Exposed to Radiofrequency Energy From Mobile Telephones Than Adults

Our reports of published research in several of the peer-reviewed journal articles in 1996, 2002, and 2004 have generated a lot of controversy over the last two decades, including the most recent publication by Foster and Chou. In this paper, we present arguments based on physics that the main reason for higher exposure of children (also women and men with smaller heads and likely thinner pinnae) to radiofrequency energy from mobile phones is the closer placement of the cell phone radiation source by several millimeters to the tissues of the head, e.g., the brain. Using heterogeneous anatomically derived shaped models of the head, we have previously reported that the exposure increases by a compounding rate of 10%–15% for every single millimeter of closer location of the radiating antenna. This is similar to the report of $\sim 20$ % increase for every millimeter in the Foster and Chou’s paper from their (1) even though their simplistic (1) is valid only for a homogenous tissue slab of infinite size and the radiation source that is a wire dipole rather than a mobile telephone. Both of their assumptions for (1) are obviously not applicable for human exposures to mobile telephones. Actually, the physical reason for such a rapid drop off of coupled energy is that the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields close to a radiating source in the so-called near-field region reduce in strength very rapidly with every millimeter of distance, even faster than in the far-field region, where the electromagnetic fields reduce inversely with the square of the distance from the source.
Strategic Disclosure Timing and Insider Trading

I examine whether managers strategically disclose negative news for their own benet. Exploiting the SEC requirement that managers must disclose any material corporate event within ve business days, I nd they disclose negative events disproportionately on Fridays, before national holidays, and after the market closes - when investors are more distracted - despite these events occurring uniformly across days. This pattern is absent for non-negative events. Strategic disclosure timing is concentrated among smaller rms that have more retail investors and lower analyst coverage. I nd a signicant return under-reaction following negative Friday disclosures that persists for approximately three weeks, but no under-reaction for other days of the week. Managers exploit the return under-reaction to benet their insider trading. Disclosure of negative news on a Friday is twice as likely if a manager sells shares in the weeks following the event. Google searches and trading volume provide corroborating evidence that investors are more distracted on Fridays. These results are consistent with managers undertaking strategic actions to exploit the behavior of investors in the market.
Suppression by Derepression in Threonine Dehydratase-Deficient Mutants of Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Partial suppressors of isoleucine-requiring mutants (Ile−), deficient in threonine dehydratase (TD), were studied. The suppression enables these auxotrophs to grow on the precursors homoserine or threonine as well as isoleucine. There are two genetically distinct classes of these suppressors: sprB, linked to threonine mutational sites, and sprA which is not linked to the Ile or Thr genetic region. SprA leads to the appearance of a low level of TD activity (2 to 4% of wild type) compared to <0.2% in Ile− mutants. This new TD activity is not activated by glutathione or adenosine monophosphate. Unlike the major TD, it is insensitive to inhibition by isoleucine and it is not coordinately controlled with dihydroxy acid dehydratase. Another class of auxotrophs, containing no suppressor mutation, can grow on isoleucine and homoserine or threonine because they possess structural gene mutations located near the terminus of the TD gene that result in partial impairment of TD. This TD activity (2% of wild type) is end product inhibited by isoleucine to a lesser extent than wild type TD. In this and a following paper, evidence is presented that sprA acts by derepressing a minor TD activity encoded within the threonine synthetic region. The major TD gene is separated from the region encoding the enzymes of threonine biosynthesis by 73% of the chromosome. Like the major TD, the minor TD catalyzes the first reaction in the conversion of threonine to isoleucine and is therefore closely related biochemically and genetically to the enzymes of the threonine synthetic region.
Chlamydia trachomatis Infection of Mouse Trophoblasts

Chlamydia trachomatis (strains L2 and DE) were found to infect fertilized mouse ova in vitro. Inclusions were found in the trophoblast, but not in the embryo.
Authorship and teamwork around the Cimento Academy: mathematics, anatomy, experimental philosophy.

Multiple authorship is so common and pervasive in our world that it is tempting to take it for granted. Prior to the twentieth century, however, multiple authorship was exceedingly rare. This essay addresses the issue of whether in the past
Comparison of fluoride and direct AMS radiocarbon dating of black bear bone from Lawson Cave, Missouri

AbstractAfter a 20-year hiatus (1955–1975) during which few archaeologists discussed fluoride dating, the method again received attention in the 1980s and 1990s when some argued for its validity. As a dating method, fluoride dating depends on the rate at which fluorine ions replace hydroxyl ions in osseous tissue. The rate of replacement is influenced by the properties of the skeletal part (SP), sediment chemistry (K), and sediment hydrology (H), and the replacement rate influences estimates of time. Calibrated AMS radiocarbon assays of 10 black bear (Ursus americanus) femora from a natural-trap cave in central Missouri are weakly correlated with fluorine concentrations, determined by neutron activation analysis in the 10 femora. Despite minimal variation in SP, K, and H, results indicate fluoride dating can be considered a valid dating method only in cases when the chronological validity of its results are confirmed with independent chronometric data. As similarities in fluorine amounts across specimens ...
Plague and Paradox: Militias in Iraq

Politicians, political pundits, and others focus a lot of attention on the political militias in Iraq, usually blaming them for their destabilising effect on the country and insisting that they dis...
Conversations With Able-Bodied and Visibly Disabled Strangers An Adversarial Test of Predicted Outcome Value and Uncertainty Reduction Theories

Conversations with visibly disabled strangers entail unequivocally higher uncertainty and relatively more negative predicted outcome values compared to conversations with able-bodied strangers. Contrasting derivations from uncertainty reduction and predicted outcome value theories were tested by comparing observations associated with respondents’ separate conversations with able-bodied and visibly disabled partners. Four hypotheses were cast to favor predicted outcome value interpretations with respect to information seeking, three global features of the respondent's awareness of the partner's behavior, and the association of information seeking with nonverbal affiliative expressiveness and amount of verbal communication. Statistically significant differences in information seeking and awareness of the partner's behavior favored the predicted outcome value interpretation. Implications for predicted outcome value theory and interaction with visibly disabled conversational partners are discussed.
Induction of α1-antitrypsin mRNA and cloning of its cDNA

Abstract Local inflammation was inflicted in a baboon by turpentine administration in order to induce the plasma level of α1-antitrypsin, an acute phase protein synthesized in the liver. Comparison of the α1-antitrypsin mRNA activity in the induced and non-induced baboon liver indicated that the “acute phase” response to chemical-inflicted inflammation is mediated through an increase in the steady-state level of cellular mRNA. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was then enriched from the induced baboon liver to a purity of greater than 90% by specific immunoprecipitation of polysomes. Double-stranded DNA was synthesized from the enriched mRNA and inserted into the Pst I site of pBR322. Recombinant clones containing α1-antitrypsin cDNA sequences were identified by hybridselected translation and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis.
On a Theorem of Magnus

In a recent paper [2],2 W. Magnus has shown that analogues of the Fourier inversion and Plancherel theorems hold for matrix-valued functions on the real line R. We propose to show that these theorems actually hold for an arbitrary locally compact Abelian group, and that Magnus’s inversion integral (1. c. (1.4)) can be simplified. For all group- and integral-theoretic notation, terms, and facts used here without explanation, see [1].
Atomic Force Microscopic Study of Specific Antigen/Antibody Binding

Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we systematically studied the binding of three pairs of specific antigen/antibody systems: bovine serum albumin, tobacco etch virus capsid protein, and tobacco mosaic virus capsid protein and their respective specific antibodies. Our goals were to find a substrate for antigen immobilization, characterize individual antigen/antibody complexes, and investigate the antigen/antibody binding process. We found that the antigen protein can be immobilized on a −COOH-terminated self-assembled monolayer surface. Individual antigens and antigen/antibody complexes are easily identified from AFM images taken in liquid or under ambient laboratory conditions. The in situ studies suggest that antibody−antigen reactions occur in less than 4 min in buffer and that the reaction complexes are stable adsorbates once formed. As control experiments, nonspecific antibodies of equal and higher concentrations than those of specific antibodies have been used. There was no binding between nonspe...
Effects of pancuronium bromide on the motor nerve terminal.

The effect of pancuronium on miniature endplate potential (mepp) frequency and amplitude, on the sensitivity of the endplate to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine, and on muscle twitch were studied on the frog sartorius muscle. In addition, in separate experiments, electrodes were placed on the corresponding ventral root to monitor nerve terminal activity. In concentrations between 10−12 and 10−7 g/l there was an increase in twitch height and mepp frequency with no effect on amplitude. Antidromic action potentials from the terminal were also recorded following stimulation in this concentration range. Between 10−6 and 10−5 g/l there was a concomitant decrease in twitch height and mepp frequency. Mepp amplitude and sensitivity to acetylcholine were reduced by only 25%. In these high concentrations post-tetanic potentiation and post-tetanic repetitive activity in the nerve terminal were abolished. It is believed that the stimulation and inhibition of neuromuscular transmission by pancuronium are due to actions predominantly on the nerve terminal.
Loss of cyclin D1 in concert with deregulated estrogen receptor |[alpha]| expression induces DNA damage response activation and interrupts mammary gland morphogenesis

We have previously shown that increased and deregulated estrogen receptor α expression in the mammary gland leads to the development of proliferative disease and cancer. To address the importance of cyclin D1 in ERα-mediated mammary tumorigenesis, we crossed ERα-overexpressing mice with cyclin D1 knockout mice. Mammary gland morphogenesis was completely interrupted in the ERα-overexpressing cyclin D1-deficient triple transgenic mice. In addition to a highly significant reduction in mammary epithelial cell proliferation, cyclin E was upregulated resulting in DNA damage checkpoint activation and apoptosis. This imbalance between proliferative and apoptotic rates in conjunction with remarkable structural defects and cellular disorganization in the terminal end buds interrupted ductal morphogenesis. Interestingly, the structure of the mammary fat pad was fundamentally altered by the consequences of overexpressing ERα in the epithelial cells in the absence of cyclin D1 illustrating how alterations in the epithelial compartment can impact surrounding stromal composition. Transplantation of embryonic ERα-overexpressing and cyclin D1-deficient mammary epithelium into the cleared fat pad of wild-type mice did not rescue the aberrant mammary gland phenotype indicating that it was intrinsic to the mammary epithelial cells. In conclusion, although cyclin D1 is not essential for proliferation of normal mammary epithelial cells, ERα-overexpressing cells are absolutely dependent on cyclin D1 for proliferation. This differential requirement for cyclin D1 in normal vs abnormal mammary epithelial cells supports the application of cyclin D1 inhibitors as therapeutic interventions in ERα-overexpressing breast cancers.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the chicken αA-crystallin gene and its 5' flanking region

Abstract The chicken αA-crystallin gene and 2.6 kb of its 5' flanking sequence have been isolated and characterized by electron microscopy and sequencing. The structural gene is 4.5 kb long and contains two introns, each approx. 1 kb in length. The first intron divides codons 63 and 64, and the second intron divides codons 104 and 105, as in rodents. There is little indication that the insert exon of rodents (an alternatively spliced sequence) is present in complete form in the chicken αA-crystallin gene; small stretches of similarity to this sequence were found throughout the gene. The 5' flanking sequence of the chicken αA-crystallin gene shows considerable sequence similarity with other mammalian αA- and αB-crystallin genes. In addition, one consensus sequence (GCAGCATGCCCTCCTAG) present in the 5 ' flanking region of the chicken αA-crystallin gene was found in the 5' flanking region of most reported crystallin genes.
Inferences on the Parameters of the Weibull Distribution

The problems of estimation and testing hypotheses regarding the parameters in the Weibull distribution are considered in this paper. The following results are given: 1. Exact confidence intervals for the parameters based upon maximum likelihood estimators are presented. 2. A table of unbiasing factors (depending upon sample size) for the maximum likelihood estimator of the shape parameter is given. 3. Tests of hypotheses regarding the parameters and the power of the test regarding the shape parameter are developed and presented. 4. Sample sizes at which large sample theory may be useful are presented.
Inhibitors of signaling in myelodysplastic syndrome.

Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been hampered by the lack of understanding of the molecular and biological abnormalities associated with this disease. Biological abnormalities may lead to typical phenotypic changes in more differentiated cells. Recent developments in the natural history and underlying molecular mechanisms of MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have identified new molecular therapeutic targets. Several new classes of drugs have shown promise in early clinical trials and may alter the standard of care of these patients. Among these new drugs are farnesyltransferase inhibitors, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, protein kinase C inhibitors, and VEGF inhibitors. These agents have been tested in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies such as AML and MDS. Most of the studies in MDS are in early stages of development, where doses are being determined based on the experience in refractory or relapsed AML or solid tumors. Future therapies in MDS will attempt to resolve cytopenias, eliminate malignant clones and allow differentiation by attacking specific mechanisms of the disease
Rivalry and Diversionary Uses of Force

Scholars have argued for some time that the rally ’round the flag phenomenon creates incentives for political leaders to use military force to divert attention away from domestic turmoil. It is hypothesized that a state’s strategic or historical context conditions its use of military force abroad, and that the probability of diversionary uses of force is higher in opportunity-rich environments of enduring rivalry. Empirical analyses lend support to this hypothesis, showing that high levels of inflation increase the probability of militarized dispute initiation in settings of rivalry but actually decrease it in nonrival settings. However, the results are contingent on the regime type of the potential initiator. Consistent with recent strategic models of diversion, the analyses demonstrate that although democratic leaders have the greatest incentives to divert, they have fewer opportunities to do so due to the transparency of their regimes.
Impact of obesity on chemotherapy management and outcomes in women with gynecologic malignancies

Objective To describe the effects of obesity on the pharmacokinetics and dosing of chemotherapies and provide recommendations for chemotherapy management in obese women with gynecologic malignancies.
Using phase dynamics in EIT to probe ground state relaxation in rubidium vapor

We have studied a time response of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a rubidium vapor to a rapid variation of optical phase. We have observed a very fast growth of the absorption when the phase of the optical field has been abruptly changed, followed by a slow return to the level of steady-state absorption. The recovery time decreases with increasing optical power. A simple theoretical analysis shows that under our experimental conditions the low power limit of the recovery time is determined by the ground relaxation time. In our case it is defined by a time-of-flight of rubidium atoms through laser beam. The obtained value of the ground state relaxation time is in a good agreement with result of direct measurements by ‘relaxation in the dark’ method. Our technique based on phase dynamics in EIT can be used for investigation of the ground state relaxation and the fast control of EIT.
Behavioral performance effects of nifedipine in normotensive baboons: single dosing.

Abstract The effects of single oral doses of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine were assessed on performance of a simultaneous color match-to-sample task in three normotensive baboons. Both accuracy of color matching, and speed and latency of response were measured 30 min after administration of 0.10, 0.34, 0.57, and 1.7 mg/kg and vehicle, with each dose tested on three occasions in randomized order. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures also were measured after testing sessions. Maximal decreases in systolic blood pressure (mean of three subjects = −4.56 mmHg) were obtained after ingestion of the 0.57 mg/kg dose. Nifedipine produced dose-related changes in choice reaction times with a trend toward increased reaction times of approximately 5% obtained at 0.34 and 1.7 mg/kg. A reversal of effect was noted at 0.57 mg/kg such that smaller changes in reaction times were obtained, suggesting a lack of correlation between blood pressure and behavioral performance changes. These results indicate that nifedipine administered in single doses to patients with hypertensive crisis is unlikely to produce large impairments in these aspects of sensory and motor functioning.
Correlation of polymorphisms to coagulation and biochemical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

Abstract Currently, the established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are largely environmental in nature. Conflicting studies have suggested that mutations in specific coagulation genes may also provide a genetic basis for CVD risk. We reviewed clinical studies that examined the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in coagulation and platelet factors, and a biochemical factor to determine if specific genotypes are correlated with patients with a history of arterial thrombotic diseases (acute coronary syndromes or stroke). A meta-analysis was performed on studies for factors II (G20210A variant), V Leiden (G1691A), VII (R353Q), glycoprotein (GP) IIIa receptor (PI A1/A2 ), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR, C677T). There was no correlation for factor II or factor V polymorphisms to coronary artery disease (CAD) in 5,607 and 5,431 patients studied, respectively. There was also no correlation for factor II variants and stroke in 3,451 patients studied. For factor V, statistical significance was achieved for the G1691A variant on 3,399 patients with stroke (odds ratio [OR] 1.43, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.03 to 1.97). The GP IIIa PI A1/A2 genotype was associated with increased risk for CAD in 7,920 patients (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24), but not for 1,855 patients who had a stroke (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.04). The combined RQ and RR genotypes of factor VII R353Q were correlated to a reduced risk for CVD in 2,574 patients (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.93), whereas the QQ genotype had offered more protection (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.27 to 1.03). The TT homozygous variant of MTHFR was associated with CAD risk in 5,644 patients studied (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.52) but not for 3,075 patients with stroke. This study shows that for some genes, further studies are unnecessary, whereas for others, no more enrollments are needed. The impact of certain genotypes must be examined in relation to other established risk factors and potentially new therapeutic strategies.
Submicron nickel filaments made by electroplating carbon filaments as a new filler material for electromagnetic interference shielding

Short nickel filaments of diam 0.4 μm and containing 94 vol% Ni and 6 vol% C were fabricated by electroplating with nickel 0.1 μm diam catalytically grown carbon filaments. The use of these filaments in polyether sulfone in amounts of 3, 7,13, and 19 vol% gave composites with electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness at 1–2 GHz of 42,87,84, and 92 dB, respectively, compared to a value of 90 dB for solid copper. Less shielding was attained when 0.1 μm diam carbon filaments or 2 or 20 μm diam nickel fibers were used instead.
In situ epitaxial growth of ordered FePt (001) films with ultra small and uniform grain size using a RuAl underlayer

In situ epitaxial growth of ordered FePt thin films with small and uniform grain size using RuAl underlayer is reported. A transmission electron microscopy image of a 20-nm RuAl layer deposited on a glass substrate revealed small (D∼5.0nm) and uniform (ΔD∕D∼15%) grains. The (001) texture was formed in RuAl films at a substrate temperature higher than 100 °C. The FePt L10 (001) texture with mean grain size of 6.63 nm and narrow size distribution (17%) has been successfully induced using a RuAl underlayer at a substrate temperature of 400 °C. The influences of the RuAl composition ratio and Pt interlayer were studied.
The amniotic fluid index as a predictor of fetal macrosomia in a Turkish population

Many formulas were devised to predict macrosomia. Sonographic measurement require additional training as well as more time to perform whereas amniotic fluid index (AFI) can be estimated in a few minutes and requires less formal training. The use of AFI should be accepted as an initial screening method to distinguish pregnancies at high risk for macrosomia and select those that could benefit from further detailed sonography. In conclusion this study focuses on determining: (1) if AFI can be used more efficiently in clinical management; (2) our own AFI cut-off value to predict fetal macrosomia in Turkish women. (excerpt)
Engaging the Sociological Imagination: My Journey into Design Research and Public Sociology

I chronicle the changes in my research, especially those that have moved me closer to C. Wright Mills's call for a “sociological imagination” and Dell Hymes's reinvented anthropology. As I spend more time attempting to create and describe equitable educational environments and less time documenting educational inequality, I have adopted a version of “design research.” I describe the possibilities and limitations of trying to conduct research while participating in the phenomenon under investigation. [sociological imagination, critical ethnography, public sociology, design research]
Scalar flux profile relationships over the open ocean

[1] The most commonly used flux-profile relationships are based on Monin-Obukhov (MO) similarity theory. These flux-profile relationships are required in indirect methods such as the bulk aerodynamic, profile, and inertial dissipation methods to estimate the fluxes over the ocean. These relationships are almost exclusively derived from previous field experiments conducted over land. However, the use of overland measurements to infer surface fluxes over the ocean remains questionable, particularly close to the ocean surface where wave-induced forcing can affect the flow. This study investigates the flux profile relationships over the open ocean using measurements made during the 2000 Fluxes, Air-Sea Interaction, and Remote Sensing (FAIRS) and 2001 GasEx experiments. These experiments provide direct measurement of the atmospheric fluxes along with profiles of water vapor and temperature. The specific humidity data are used to determine parameterizations of the dimensionless gradients using functional forms of two commonly used relationships. The best fit to the Businger-Dyer relationship [Businger, 1988] is found using an empirical constant of aq = 13.4 ± 1.7. The best fit to a formulation that has the correct form in the limit of local free convection [e.g., Wyngaard, 1973] is found using aq = 29.8 ± 4.6. These values are in good agreement with the consensus values from previous overland experiments and the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) 3.0 bulk algorithm [Fairall et al., 2003]; e.g., the COARE algorithm uses empirical constants of 15 and 34.2 for the Businger-Dyer and convective forms, respectively. Although the flux measurements were made at a single elevation and local similarity scaling is applied, the good agreement implies that MO similarity is valid within the marine atmospheric surface layer above the wave boundary layer.
Review—Mechanisms of Cavitation Inception

A review is made of progress in research during the period 1979-1989 on the fundamental physical mechanisms of hydrodynamic cavitation inception. During that decade identification of the physical phenomena has been made, and techniques have been developed to reproduce on laborotory scale selected forms of full scale cavitation inception. Understanding of the mechanisms remains shallow, and analytical/numerical prediction methods are nonexistent except for the restricted case of travelling bubble cavitation inception in a passive pressure field.
The Role of Obesity in Preeclampsia

The incidence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. There is compelling evidence that obesity increases the risk of preeclampsia about 3-fold, and in developed countries is the leading attributable risk for the disorder. In this presentation we explore this relationship and propose targets for future studies guided by the much more extensively studied relationship of obesity to cardiovascular disease. We further address the hypothesis that asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, may be one convergence point for the mechanism by which obesity increases the risk of preeclampsia. We conclude with consideration of the clinical implications of this information.
Mercuracarborand-catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions of a thionoester with cyclopentadiene

Abstract The multidentate Lewis acids B-octamethyl [12]-mercuracarborand-4 (1) and B-hexamethyl [9]-mercuracarborand-3 (2) catalyze the Diels-Alder reaction of a thionoester 4 with cyclopentadiene. The reaction proceeds more rapidly when catalyzed with 1 and 2 than with monodentate bis(closo-9,12-dimethyl-1,2-carboran-1-yl)mercury (3). Mercury-199 NMR studies demonstrated the formation of a 1:1 complex of 1 with 4 in which the thio function of 4 is coordinated to the Hg(II) centers of 1, while the 2·4 and 3·4 complexes are not observed by NMR.
The role of orphanin FQ/nociceptin in neuroplasticity: relationship to stress, anxiety and neuroinflammation

The neuropeptide, orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N or simply, nociceptin), is expressed in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissue, including the immune system. In the brain, OFQ/N has been investigated in relation to stress, anxiety, learning and memory, and addiction. More recently, it has also been found that OFQ/N influences glial cell functions, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells. However, this latter research is relatively small, but potentially important, when observations regarding the relationship of OFQ/N to stress and emotional functions is taken into consideration and integrated with the growing evidence for its involvement in cells that mediate inflammatory events. This review will first provide an overview and understanding of how OFQ/N has been implicated in the HPA axis response to stress, followed by an understanding of its influence on natural and learned anxiety-like behavior. What emerges from an examination of the literature is a neuropeptide that appears to counteract anxiogenic influences, but paradoxically, without attenuating HPA axis responses generated in response to stress. Studies utilized both central administration of OFQ/N, which was shown to activate the HPA axis, as well as antagonism of NOP-R, the OFQ/N receptor. In contrast, antagonist or transgenic OFQ/N or NOP-R knockout studies, showed augmentation of HPA axis responses to stress, suggesting that OFQ/N may be needed to control the magnitude of the HPA axis response to stress. Investigations of behavior in standard exploratory tests of anxiogenic behavior (eg., elevated plus maze) or learned fear responses have suggested that OFQ/N is needed to attenuate fear or anxiety-like behavior. However, some discrepant observations, in particular, those that involve appetitive behaviors, suggest a failure of NOP-R deletion to increase anxiety. However, it is also suggested that OFQ/N may operate in an anxiolytic manner when initial anxiogenic triggers (eg., the neuropeptide CRH) are initiated. Finally, the regulatory functions of OFQ/N in relation to emotion-related behaviors may serve to counteract potential neuroinflammatory events in the brain. This appears to be evident within the glial cell environment of the brain, since OFQ/N has been shown to reduce the production of proinflammatory cellular and cytokine events. Given that both OFQ/N and glial cells are activated in response to stress, it is possible that there is a possible convergence of these two systems that has important repercussions for behavior and neuroplasticity.
Determination of selected atmospheric aromatic hydrocarbons at remote continental and oceanic locations using photoionization/flame-ionization detection

A new gas chromatographic technique with a modified photoionization detector connected in series with a conventional flame ionization detector was used to determine low concentrations of atmospheric hydrocarbons in remote atmospheres. Average mixing ratios of five aromatic hydrocarbons measured between 42°N and 30°S latitude in the Pacific Ocean in October/November 1983 were highest in the Northern Hemisphere. The average mixing ratios in the northern and southern marine atmospheres were 49±25 ppt (n=35) and 10±2 ppt (n=21) for benzene, 20±12 ppt (n=32) and 5.6±1.6 ppt (n=12) for toluene, 7.6±3.7 ppt (n=35) and 3.7±1.6 ppt (n=21) for ethylbenzene, 25±12 ppt (n=35) and 13±5 ppt (n=20) for the sum of m- and p-xylenes, and 14±6 ppt (n=35) and 6.6±3.0 ppt (n=21) for o-xylene, respectively. The first latitudinal gradients for these five aromatic compounds are reported. Benzene and toluene mixing ratios measured between July 1982 and October 1983 at a rural, mid-latitude continental site in eastern Washington state gave average values of 226±108 ppt and 133±84 ppt, respectively, with higher wintertime than summertime benzene levels. These continental samples gave calculated air mass ages averaging six days based on benzene-to-toluene ratios.
Radio-frequency probes of Antarctic ice at South Pole

Abstract. Using hardware developed for the ARA (Askaryan Radio Array) particle astrophysics experiment, we herein report on the amplitude and temporal characteristics of polarized surface radar echo data collected in South Polar ice using radio sounding equipment with 0.5-ns echo-time sampling. We observe strong echoes at 6, 9.6, 13.9, 17, and 19 μs following vertical pulse emission from the surface, corresponding to reflectors in the upper half of the ice sheet. The synchronicity of those echoes for all broadcast azimuthal polarizations affirms the lack of observable birefringence over the upper half of the ice sheet. Of the five strongest echoes, three exhibit an evident amplitude correlation with the local surface ice flow direction, qualitatively consistent with measurements in East Antarctica. Combined with other radio echo sounding data, we conclude that observed birefringent asymmetries at South Pole are generated entirely in the lower half of the ice sheet. By contrast, birefringent asymmetries are observed at shallow depths in East Antarctica.
Developing Flow of Gas-Particle Mixtures in Vertical Ducts

It is well-known that during high-velocity flow of gas-particle mixtures through a vertical duct the particles are distributed nonuniformly over the cross section. We had shown in an earlier paper that such a nonuniform state is sustained under fully-developed flow conditions by the large scale fluctuations accompanying such flows. In the present study, we have carried out a simple analysis of the developing flow problem to demonstrate that the evolution of the nonuniform distribution is indeed driven by turbophoresis.
Mapping of restriction enzyme cuts by a new two-dimensional procedure.

A new procedure has been worked out to establish restriction maps. The method is fast, does not in general require labeled DNA and has been applied to map the linear palindromic rDNA ofPhysarum with the restriction enzymeBstEII.
Mesoscale Dynamics of Ephemeral Wetlands in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: Implications to Production and Distribution of Organic Matter

Ephemeral wetlands in the Antarctic dry valleys alternate as sites of in situ net primary production when inundated and sources of organic matter for eolian export when desiccated. Evidence of this switch was obtained from observations made in two field seasons (2001 and 2003), coincidentally separated by a season of exceptionally high water yield from nearby glaciers (2002). In 2001, organic matter on soil surfaces adjacent to several ponds in Taylor Valley often exceeded 500 g C/m 2 . One pond had a total stock of approximately 1,388 kg organic C on soils within 20 m of the shoreline. These materials formed concentric rings around the pond, suggesting historically higher water levels, consistent with aerial photographs taken a decade earlier (1993). In 2003, these materials were submerged by water apparently received during the intervening year. Also in 2003, pitfall traps were placed along the edges of exposed organic matter adjacent to another pond to evaluate organic material erosion by wind. Over 4.5 days, traps collected 0.22 ± 0.12 to 2.91 ± 1.68 g C/m 2 , both confirming and quantifying wind transport. These results indicate that organic matter production and movement, driven by seasonal and decadal patterns of inundation/desiccation of small, ephemeral wetlands, overlay longer term (centuries and millennia) and larger scale (landscape) patterns of production and distribution driven by regional fluctuations in hydrological balance between glaciers and large freshwater lakes.
The hand in Smith-Magenis syndrome (deletion 17p11.2): evaluation by metacarpophalangeal pattern profile analysis.

Abstract Background. Brachydactyly has been described on physical examination in patients with Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS). Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile analysis (MCPPPA), a method of graphic depiction of the relative size of the bones of the hand, has been used to objectively evaluate radiographs of the hand in patients with SMS in two small series: a single case and a study of four patients. This technique has confirmed brachydactyly and has suggested conflicting MCPPPA results. Objective. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the hand by MCPPPA in a large series of patients with SMS. Patients and methods. We measured the bones of the hand and performed MCPPPA in 29 confirmed cases of SMS. Results. Our results in 29 patients demonstrated a different MCPPPA in patients with SMS than previously reported. The analysis confirmed brachydactyly and the previously described trend of more pronounced shortening of the distal bones relative to the more proximal bones, but also demonstrated a previously undescribed pattern: relative enlargement of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and middle phalanx of the fifth finger. However, statistical analysis suggested that the pattern was not highly characteristic. Conclusion. MCPPPA of 29 patients with SMS demonstrates a pattern different than previously reported, but not highly characteristic.
Sampling and computational design of nutrient flux from a southeastern U.S. saltmarsh

Abstract A sampling and computational approach for estimating nutrient fluxes from a salt marsh ecosystem is presented. Extensive and intensive sampling of tidal velocities, water depths, and nutrient concentrations was made synoptically across three tidal creeks, connecting a 34 km2 South Carolina salt marsh with surrounding coastal waters. An estimate of nutrient exchange over each sampling period is based on measurements over four tidal cycles during a neap and spring tidal regime. The computation of instantaneous fluxes of NO3−NO2−, NH4+, and o-PO24− was based on the cross-multiplication of concentration, velocity, and integrated over the cross-sectional area of each tidal creek. The net flux of nutrients was estimated using a least-squares regression model which included periodic functions simulating tidal and diurnal cycles. This computational approach allows for a rigorous test of the statistical significance of the measured nutrient fluxes and a basis on which interpretations of the ecological significance of the exchange can be made. Tidal patterns in inorganic nutrient concentrations and the corresponding exchanges are presented for a spring time sampling. Nitrate-nitrite was exported consistently from the marsh to the coastal ocean with a mean value of 8.0 kg per tidal cycle for the neap sampling set and 15.6 kg per tidal cycle for the spring set. This corresponded to high concentrations of nitrate-nitrite (0.6 μM) on the ebb tide with low concentrations (0.1 μM) on the flood tide. Ammonia flux was variable and did not portray a consistent tidal concentration pattern. Concentrations ranged from 1 to 6 μM. Ammonia flux was exported to the coastal ocean only during the spring tidal set with a mean value of 114 kg per tidal cycle. Ortho-phosphate was also exported only on the spring tidal set with a mean flux of 40.0 kg per tidal cycle. A tidal concentration pattern of high concentrations (0.6 μM) on the ebb tide and low concentrations (0.05 μM) on the flood was consistent for ortho-phosphate during both neap and spring tidal sets.