cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Densities and Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of Ethyl Acetoacetate, Ethyl Isovalerate, Methyl Benzoate, Benzyl Acetate, Ethyl Salicylate, and Benzyl Propionate with Ethanol at T = (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K

Densities and viscosities for six binary mixtures formed by the flavor esters (ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl isovalerate, methyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, ethyl salicylate, and benzyl propionate) with ethanol over the whole composition range were measured at four different temperatures (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K and atmospheric pressure. Densities were determined using a vibrating-tube density meter. Viscosities were measured with an automatic Ubbelohde capillary viscometer. Excess molar volumes (V E) and deviations in the viscosity from mole fraction average (Δη) for the binary mixtures were derived from experimental data. The binary data of V E and Δη were correlated as function of the mole fraction by using the Redlich−Kister equation. Furthermore, McAllister's multi-body interaction models are used to correlate the binary kinematic viscosities.
The white pock mutants of rabbit poxvirus IV. The late white pock (μ) host range (hr) mutants of rabbit poxvirus are blocked in morphogenesis

Abstract The white pock (μ) host range (hr) mutants of rabbit poxvirus (RPμhr mutants) can be divided into two subclasses (early and late) based on their ability to synthesize viral DNA in nonpermissive pig kidney (PK) cells. We have previously shown that the infection of PK cells by two early (DNA minus) mutants is abortive due to an inhibition of translation early in the infectious cycle. Here we have examined the abortive infection of PK cells by three late (DNA plus) mutants. All three late mutants synthesize DNA and late proteins (at reduced levels) in PK cells but each of the three late mutants is missing a late viral protein of 72,000 daltons. The three late mutants appear to process the precursor structural proteins in a normal fashion suggesting that viral morphogenesis begins. No induction of particulate viral RNA polymerase indicative of internal core differentiation is observed, however, and little, if any, mature virus is formed. Instead, infection of nonpermissive cells leads to the accumulation of DNA-containing, primitive immature principles (PIPS) which do not differentiate further into virus.
Multigenerational Conflicts and New Immigrants: An Indo-American Experience

Indo-Americans are one the fastest growing immigrant groups in the United States. Unlike earlier immigrant groups, this growing immigrant group has access to technologies which make communication with family in India more practical. With this comes both maintenance of family ties as well as multigenerational conflicts. These conflicts were explored through in-depth interviews with thirty Indo-American families, including eleven grandparents residing in India. Major conflicts, the role of grandparents, and coping strategies used by these families are reported. The findings of this article have heuristic value for counselors in working with all the emerging ethnic groups in the United States.
Cleft Surgery in Rural Bangladesh: Reflections and Experiences

Purpose The authors review their experiences during multiple cleft surgical missions to rural Bangladesh from 2006 to 2008. A significant number of patients who underwent primary palatoplasty or cheiloplasty were of adult age or size. Adult primary cleft lip and palate repair is often more challenging than repair at the standard age of fewer than 2 years. This patient population is rarely seen in the United States, but may be treated more often by American surgeons during surgical missions to the developing world. This report discusses the experiences of the authors' treatment of cleft lips and palates in rural Bangladesh. Patients and Methods One hundred forty-six cleft-lip and cleft-palate patients were treated during 3 missions to rural Bangladesh, from 2006 to 2008. Thirty-three (23%) patients were of adult size, and aged 13 to 35 years. One hundred thirteen (77%) patients were aged 12 years or younger. Unilateral cleft lips were repaired with a Millard advancement-rotation technique. Bilateral cleft lips were repaired via the 1-stage procedure advocated by Mulliken and Salyer. Cleft palates were repaired using a 2-finger flap method. Results Overall, 8 of 146 patients (5.5%) had nonlife-threatening complications (infection or wound dehiscence) requiring subsequent revision surgery. The adult-sized patients had clefts of significantly increased size secondary to patient growth, as well as maxillary expansion transversely and anteriorly. Adult cleft-lip repair required significant soft-tissue dissection to close the cleft adequately, and ensure symmetry to the upper lip and alar bases. However, this procedure sometimes resulted in placement of the lip cicatrix in an anatomically disadvantageous position. In addition, with the increased transverse dimension of the adult cleft palate, tension-free 3-layer closure was difficult. Again, aggressive dissection of the soft tissue was required: the nasal and muscular layers were closed without much tension, but oral closure was often under tension, requiring the assistance of dermal biomaterials to bolster the repair. Conclusions Patients in the developing world often have limited access to specialized health care, and may not realize that cleft lips and palates can be repaired. As a result, there is an increased incidence of unrepaired clefts in adult-sized individuals in this part of the globe. The American surgeon may encounter these patients during surgical missions. The surgeon should be prepared to repair adult patients with clefts that are significantly enlarged in all 3 dimensions. Closure will require significant soft-tissue dissection as well as the use of biomaterials as needed to repair wide cleft palates.
An ecological-transactional model of significant risk factors for child psychopathology in outer mongolia

The present study examined significant risk factors, including child maltreatment, for child psychopathology in a cross-cultural setting. Ninety-nine Mongolian boys, ages 3-10 years, were assessed. Primary caregivers (PCG) completed structured interviews including the Emory Combined Rating Scale (ECRS) and the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). Structural equation modeling identifies eight risk factors affecting child psychopathology: Three with direct effects (severity of physical punishment, PCG's MFQ score, and PCG's education), three with indirect effects (cultural acceptance of violence as discipline, presence of community violence, and contact with extended family), and two with direct and indirect effects (quality of marriage/presence of spousal abuse, and household size). Results support the ecological-transactional theory of developmental psychopathology in a cross-cultural setting. Structural equation modeling provides a useful technique to isolate specific sites for intervention, while maintaining a comprehensive perspective of risk factor interaction.
Lognormal field size distributions as a consequence of economic truncation

The assumption of lognormal (parent) field size distributions has for a long time been applied to resource appraisal and evaluation of exploration strategy by the petroleum industry. However, frequency distributions estimated with observed data and used to justify this hypotheses are conditional. Examination of various observed field size distributions across basins and over time shows that such distributions should be regarded as the end result of an economic filtering process. Commercial discoveries depend on oil and gas prices and field development costs. Some new fields are eliminated due to location, depths, or water depths. This filtering process is called economic truncation. Economic truncation may occur when predictions of a discovery process are passed through an economic appraisal model. We demonstrate that (1) economic resource appraisals, (2) forecasts of levels of petroleum industry activity, and (3) expected benefits of developing and implementing cost reducing technology are sensitive to assumptions made about the nature of that portion of (parent) field size distribution subject to economic truncation.
Analysis of Trends in Demand for Computer-Related Skills for Academic Librarians from 1974 to 1994

By means of content analysis, this study examines 2,500 employment advertisements for academic librarian positions in 1974, 1979, 1984, 1989, and 1994 to investigate patterns and trends in the demand for computer-related skills for academic librarians over a period of two decades. The study identifies basic computer-related qualifications required for different types of positions, and tracks changes in the demand for these qualifications over time. It also tests the relationship among size of library, type of position, and degree of demand for computer-related skills. Using a quantitative approach, the study measures the changes brought by computer applications in terms of what qualifies an individual to be an academic librarian.
Comparing exemplar-retrieval and decision-bound models of speeded perceptual classification

The authors compared the exemplar-based random-walk (EBRW) model of Nosofsky and Palmeri (1997) and the decision-bound model (DBM) of Ashby and Maddox (1994; Maddox & Ashby, 1996) on their ability to predict performance in Garner’s (1974) speeded classification tasks. A key question was the extent to which the models could predict facilitation in the correlated task and interference in the filtering task, in situations involving integral-dimension stimuli. To obtain rigorous constraints for model evaluation, the goal was to fit the detailed structure of the response time (RT) distribution data associated with each individual stimulus in each task. Both models yielded reasonably good global quantitative fits to the RT distribution and accuracy data. However, the DBM failed to properly characterize the interference effects in the filtering task. Apparently, a fundamental limitation of the DBM is that it predicts that the fastest RTs in the filtering task should be faster than the fastest RTs in the control task, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in our data.
Comparing police‐ and civilian‐run family group conferences

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare family group conferences (FGCs) facilitated by police officers with those facilitated by a civilian along several dimensions including process, reparation agreements, recidivism, and time until failure.Design/methodology/approach – Using observational data and juvenile histories of offending from the Indianapolis Restorative Justice Project, the authors attempted to answer four research questions: Are family group conferences facilitated by police officers procedurally different from family group conferences facilitated by civilians?; Are reparation agreements resulting from police‐officer‐facilitated conferences different from reparation agreements resulting from civilian‐facilitated conferences?; Did youths who participated in police‐facilitated conferences recidivate at different rates compared with youths who participated in civilian‐facilitated conferences?; Did youths who participated in police‐facilitated conferences have a longer time to failure th...
A proposd plan o administrative reorganization for oklahoma

A reorganization of the state government is proposed which professes to express shor ballot ideas, but which neglects certain underlying principles
The Development of Social Cognition: Preschoolers' Use of Mental State Talk in Peer Conflicts

Research Findings: This research examines preschoolers' use of mental state terms in naturally occurring peer conflicts in the classroom to determine how children use mental state terms for organizing their social interactions. Analyses focus on the types, frequencies, and social interactive functions of mental state terms. Utterances (N = 166) with mental state terms from 124 conflict episodes were analyzed. Children used a number of different mental state terms, want and need being the most frequently used, to index their own and their interlocutors' desires for subtle interactive purposes. Want was paired most often with bids for action, objects, inclusion in a play area, or clarification of another child's mental state. Need was most often used when directing the other child's action or attention, to justify, clarify, or insist on their own action or previous request. Practice or Policy: Findings suggest that children's peer conflicts constitute a rich setting for the active construction of social rel...
Mathematical theory of electrochemical demineralization in flowing systems

Abstract A mathematical analysis of demineralization occurring in a model electrochemical cell resembling practical cells containing porous cation- and anion-responsive electrodes has been carried out. The end result is an equation describing effluent-concentration/time curves in terms of three physically significant system parameters, employed in data analysis as fitting parameters. Good agreement between theory and experiment has been obtained for a wide variety of data. The theory has been applied to the determination of faradaic efficiency, a quantity that resists accurate direct measurement in practical cells.
Effect of Location in an Array on Heat Transfer to a Short Cylinder in Crossflow

An experiment was conducted to measure the heat transfer from a heated cylinder in crossflow in an array of circular cylinders. All cylinders had a length-to-diameter ratio of 3.0. Both in-line and staggered array patterns were studied. The cylinders were spaced 2.67 diameters apart center-to-center in both the axial and transverse directions to the flow. The row containing the heated cylinder remained in a fixed position in the channel and the relative location of this row within the array was changed by adding up to five upstream rows. The working fluid was nitrogen gas at pressures from 100 to 600 kPa. The Reynolds number range based on cylinder diameter and average unobstructed channel velocity was from 5,000 to 125,000. Turbulence intensity profiles were measured for each case at a point one half space upstream of the row containing the heated cylinder. The basis of comparison for all the heat transfer data was the single row with the heated cylinder. For the in-line cases the addition of a single row of cylinders upstream of the row containing the heated cylinder increased the heat transfer by an average of 50 percent above the base case. Adding up to five more rows caused no increase or decrease in heat transfer. Adding rows in the staggered array cases resulted in average increases in heat transfer of 21, 64, 58, 46, and 46 percent for one to five upstream rows, respectively. Previously announced in STAR as N82-19493
Dietary sodium intake modulates myocardial relaxation responsiveness to angiotensin II.

Dietary sodium alters renovascular responsiveness to angiotensin II (Ang II) in normal subjects. Evidence supports a connection among dietary sodium, the rennin–angiotensin system, and myocardial function. The authors hypothesized that a similar relationship would exist in the heart, and that the pattern of responses would be qualitatively similar to the renal vasculature. Thirteen healthy volunteers (aged 38.6 ± 4 years) entered a 2week crossover design study (week 1, high sodium diet [HS] >200 mmol Na/day; week 2, low sodium diet [LS], P = 0.02; RBF 596 ± 24 vs 563 ± 26 mL/min, P = 0.02). Dietary sodium significantly modulated E′ and RBF responsiveness to Ang II infusion in like manner. HS was associated with increased responsiveness compared with a blunted LS response (HS ΔE′ −1.4 ± 0.4 cm/s vs LS ΔE′ −0.1 ± 0.3 cm/s, P = 0.02; HS ΔRBF −135.2 ± 13.2 vs LS ΔRBF −62.5 ± 10.1 mL/min, P
Unfolding of an Antiform by the Reversal of Observed Strains

Strain is estimated at 36 points in the profile plane of an antiform consisting of slate and quartzite. The fold was collected as a 10-cm-wide and 12-cm-high specimen in the Lower Cambrian Harkless Formation, 5 km north of Papoose Flat pluton in the Inyo Mountains, California. Transmitted x-rays permit determination of the preferred orientation of the basal planes of chlorite in the slate. From the preferred orientation, strain is calculated according to March9s theory. Reversal of the estimated strain unfolds the core of the fold without need : or rigid-body rotation. A thin intercalation of slate between two quartzite beds at the periphery of the fold can also be unfolded, but only if rigid-body rotation is permitted. The rotation is probably due to flexural slip between the quartzite beds at the time of folding.
Scheduling problems in interference-aware wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we study the Minimum Latency Aggregation Scheduling problem in two interference models, the collision-interference-free graph model and the physical interference model known as Signal-to-Interference-Noise-Ratio (SINR), with power control. The main issue is to compute schedules with the minimum number of timeslots such that data can be aggregated without any collision or interference. While existing works studied the problem under the uniform power model or the unlimited power model, we investigate the problem assuming a more realistic non-uniform power assignment where the maximum power level is bounded. We propose a constant factor approximation algorithm with O(R + X) timeslots, where R is the network radius and X is the link length diversity. Under a reasonable assumption about the link length diversity, the number of timeslots is bounded by O(R + log n) which gives a constant approximation ratio since the lower bound is max{ R, log n}, where n is the number of nodes. Along with the problem of constructing minimum latency data aggregation schedules, we also study two other related optimization problems, namely the Scheduling and Weighted One-Shot Scheduling problems with power control in the SINR model, and provide constant approximation algorithms.
Existence, stability, and nonlinear dynamics of detached Bridgman growth states under zero gravity

Abstract A thermocapillary model is used to study the existence, stability, and nonlinear dynamics of detached melt crystal growth in a vertical Bridgman system under zero gravity conditions. The model incorporates time-dependent heat, mass, and momentum transport, and accounts for temperature-dependent surface tension effects at the menisci bounding the melt. The positions of the menisci and phase-change boundary are computed to satisfy the conservation laws rigorously. A rich bifurcation structure in gap width versus pressure difference is uncovered, demarcating conditions under which growth with a stable gap is feasible. Thermal effects shift the bifurcation diagram to a slightly different pressure range, but do not alter its general structure. Necking and freeze-off are shown to be two different manifestations of the same instability mechanism. Supercooling of melt at the meniscus and low thermal gradients in the melt ahead of the crystal–melt–gas triple phase line, either of which may be destabilizing, are both observed under some conditions. The role of wetting and growth angles in dynamic shape stability is clarified.
Designing small-molecule catalysts for CO2 capture

Abstract One method for CO2 capture is to dissolve CO2 in water to form carbonic acid. This reaction (CO2+H20→H2CO3(aq)) is remarkably slow but is catalyzed in biological systems by an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase (CA). The catalyzed reaction is diffusion limited and occurs at near neutral pH. The enzyme catalytic center is composed of a Zn(II) ion that is coordinated by 3 histidine residues and an axial water/hydroxyl group. A nucleophilic attack by the hydroxyl group on the CO2 molecule is the first step in the reaction mechanism. Cu(II), Hg(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) can bind the CA binding site and substitute the zinc ion; however, only Co(II) yields rates comparable to Zn(II). Unfortunately, an enzyme, such as carbonic anhydrase, is not amenable for industrial applications where a wide range of physico-chemical conditions exist. Enzymes are vulnerable to large pressures, high temperature, and high ionic strength. Efforts to isolate the key structural features responsible for catalysis led to the development of small-molecule mimetics of the CA catalytic site. These mimetics can, in turn, be used as catalyst for CO2 sequestration. Two of the fastest catalyst are the cyclic molecules: 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododedacane and 1, 5, 9-triazacyclododedacane (both complexed with a Zn(II) ion). Nitrogen atoms in these cyclic molecules mimic the imidazole nitrogens of the CA active site. It is possible to examine the energetics of these compounds using transition state theory for the purposes of designing more efficient catalysts. Transition state theory predicts that the reaction rate constant is proportional to exp(−Ea/kT), where Ea denotes the activation energy, k the Boltzmann constant, and T the temperature of the reaction. The activation energy is the energetic cost of forming the reaction transition state from the reactants. Ab initio calculations can yield the activation energy, which can, in principle, be used as a design metric for more efficient catalysts. Using this approach, the difference in kinetic rate constant between the tetra- and tri-aza dodecane catalysts can be determined. Furthermore, the rates of the corresponding Co(II) catalysts were explored. Our data suggests this is a viable method for the design of inorganic small-molecule catalysts.
Spirituality and Servant Leader Behavior

This empirical study was designed to examine the relationship of the personal spirituality beliefs of servant leaders to their actual behavior as servant leaders. For purposes of the study the Spiritual Assessment Scale was used to measure spirituality beliefs while the leadership portion of the Servant Organizational Leadership Assessment inventory was used to measure servant leadership behavior. The research subjects for the study were 62 managers and 97 subordinates who were employed by TD Industries in Dallas, Texas; an organization that purports to use servant leadership philosophy. The research results revealed that the more managers were perceived as servant leaders the more likely they were to have both stronger spirituality beliefs particularly in those related to moral philosophies that emphasize the virtues of honesty, humility, and service to others. Additionally, an ANOVA and post hoc pairwise multiple comparison indicated a difference in perception of servant leadership behavior due to years...
The ingestion of particulate lipid containing a fluorochome dye, Acridine Orange, by Trypanosoma lewisi

When Acridine Orange was dispersed in cod-liver oil, its characteristic green fluorescence remained unaltered following absorption of this mixture into the peripheral circulation from the intestine. This result implies that there was little or no change in the lipid or its suspensoid as a result of undergoing this physiological process. The selective combination of this dye in aqueous solution with the cytoplasmic components of specimens of Trypanosoma lewisi , also present in the blood smears with the droplets of the green-appearing oil, resulted in an alteration of fluorescence as indicated by the rose red appearance of these organisms. The present findings on the absorption of lipid droplets, containing a fluorochrome, by trypanosomes occurring simultaneously in the circulation of rats confirm similar observations reported by Wotton & Halsey (1957). The possibility is suggested again that fats and oils may serve as pharmacological vehicles for orally administered trypanosomides for the elimination of trypanosomes. Part of this study was carried out in the department of Zoology and Anatomy of the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, and was supported in part by a grant from the Nebraska Heart Association for 1959. We would like also to extend our appreciation to the Division of Laboratories of the Nebraska State Health Department of Lincoln, Nebraska, for the use of their ‘Fluorex’, ultraviolet illumination microscope unit.
Novel Carotenoid Oxidase Involved in Biosynthesis of 4,4′-Diapolycopene Dialdehyde

More than 600 different carotenoids are synthesized in nature by plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Most of these carotenoids contain a 40-carbon backbone (C40 carotenoids). However, C30 carotenoids with 30-carbon backbones have been reported in a small group of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (12), Methylobacterium rhodinum (formerly Pseudomonas rhodos) (10), Streptococcus faecium (23), and Heliobacteria spp. (17). By analysis of pigment mutants, biosynthetic pathways were proposed for C30 carotenoids in Staphylococcus (13, 24) and Methylobacterium (9). Both pathways involve an important intermediate step, which is the functionalization of the C30 carotene backbone with an aldehyde group(s). The C30 carotenoid, staphyloxanthin, synthesized in Staphylococcus is functionalized at one end of the C30 carotene (Fig. ​(Fig.1A).1A). The C30 carotenoic acid glucosyl ester synthesized in Methylobacterium is functionalized at both ends of the C30 carotene (Fig. ​(Fig.1B1B). FIG. 1. Proposed pathways for biosynthesis of C30 carotenoids in Staphylococcus aureus (A) and Methylobacterium rhodinum or Methylomonas sp. strain 16a (B). CrtM and CrtN from S. aureus were previously identified (27), and CrtNb from S. aureus was identified ... Genetic data on C30 carotenoid biosynthesis are limited, although two genes, crtM, encoding diapophytoene synthase, and crtN, encoding diapophytoene desaturase, were cloned from Staphylococcus (27). These two genes were confirmed to be responsible for the synthesis of 4,4′-diaponeurosporene. However, it is not known how the end of 4,4′-diaponeurosporene is functionalized with an aldehyde group, which is subsequently oxidized and esterified to synthesize staphyloxanthin in Staphylococcus. Several open reading frames (ORFs) with significant homology to crtM or crtN are evident from microbial genomic sequencing (18, 28). Nevertheless, no gene was identified for functionalization of the C30 carotene backbone. We report here identification of a gene cluster involved in C30 carotenoid synthesis in Methylomonas sp. strain 16a. We identified a novel gene (crtNb) from Methylomonas and its homologue in Staphylococcus, which catalyze oxidation of the terminal methyl group(s) of the C30 carotene backbone to an aldehyde group(s).
Membrane multichip module technology on silicon

A membrane multichip module fabricated on a silicon substrate by utilizing conventional IC processing techniques is discussed. A chip attachment technology to make electrical connections between the wires on a chip and those on the substrate in the membrane area is described. The contacts between the chips and the module are defined by conventional IC photolithography and formed by metal deposition so that they can be very small and dense. The contacts can be located anywhere over an entire chip and not limited just to the edges. The strong bonding of polyimide can ensure the reliability of the modules. The resistance of 10*10- mu m/sup 2/ and 20*20- mu m/sup 2/ contacts is 0.060 Omega /contact and 0.024 Omega /contact, respectively. Multiple-layers of metals are embedded into the membrane to increase the flexibility of routing between chips. >
EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN SOCIALIST STATES: A MODEL FOR THE THIRD WORLD?

The problems created by rapid expansion of educational systems in the underdeveloped states of Asia, Africa and South America are the subject of a large and diverse literature.1 Familiar to even the most cursory student of this literature are several themes: (1) the ‘devaluation’ of elementary education, which no longer affords entry into white-collar positions as it did in the late colonial periods; (2) the persistent and diffuse ‘elite’ connotations of higher (and even secondary) education, the supply of which, while increasing, remains relatively short; (3) the skewed distribution, within higher education, toward ‘traditional’ disciplines—notably law and the humanities—reflecting the values of the colonial system and running against perceived needs for technological skills; and finally, the concern over the ‘destabilizing’ consequences of a growth in educational access and aspirations disproportionate to the economy's ability to ‘fit’ much of tne-educated-manpower into the system.
Maximizing performance of thermally constrained multi-core processors by dynamic voltage and frequency control

In this paper a precise formulation of the problem of minimizing the maximum completion time of tasks on a multi-core processor, subject to thermal constraints is presented. The power model used in this work, accounts for the leakage dependence on temperature, while the thermal model is based on the HotSpot model. The general problem is shown to be a non-linear optimization problem that includes cyclic constraints between temperature and power. The derived policy of dynamic frequency and voltage control results in a performance improvement of 19.6% over an optimal policy which performs speed-only control. Categories and Subject Descriptors C.4 [Computer Systems Organization]: Performance of Systems-modeling techniques, performance attributes; B.8.2 [Performance and Reliability]: Performance Analysis and Design Aids General Terms Algorithms, Performance, Design, Theory
Implementation and experimental verification of a millimeter wave smart antenna system

By introducing a wide unlicensed frequency spectrum in the millimeter wave band, FCC has opened an avenue for the communication systems with data rates in Gb/s range. This band presents an unprecedented 2 GHz unlicensed band available throughout the world. On the other hand, developing communication systems operating at these frequencies involves challenges such as high path loss, high antenna directivity, human shadowing, and unavailability of high-gain circuit elements. Use of very high gain antennas is required to overcome the extensive path loss as the output power is limited by the circuit technology. Smart antennas provide very high gain and narrow beams by employing multiple antennas and adaptively focusing the energy in the desired direction. In this paper we present a 2-channel smart-antenna system operating at millimeter wave band which can be used with an antenna switching system to improve the signal power performance and to eliminate the transmitter receiver alignment problem.
Characterization of Endogenous Avian Leukosis Viruses in Chicken Embryonic Fibroblast Substrates Used in Production of Measles and Mumps Vaccines

Previous findings of low levels of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in chick cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines showed this activity to be associated with virus particles containing RNA of both subgroup E endogenous avian leukosis viruses (ALV-E) and endogenous avian viruses (EAV). These particles originate from chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) substrates used for propagating vaccine strains. To better characterize vaccine-associated ALV-E, we examined the endogenous ALV proviruses (ev loci) present in a White Leghorn CEF substrate pool by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Five ev loci were detected, ev-1, ev-3, ev-6, ev-18, andev-19. Both ev-18 and ev-19 can express infectious ALV-E, while ev-1, ev-3, and ev-6 are defective. We analyzed the full-length sequence of ev-1 and identified an adenosine insertion within the pol RT-beta region at position 5026, which results in a truncated RT-beta and integrase. We defined the 1,692-bp deletion in the gag-pol region of ev-3, and we found that in ev-6, sequences from the 5' long terminal repeat to the 5' pol region were absent. Based on the sequences of the ev loci, RT-PCR assays were developed to examine expression of ALV-E particles (EV) in CEF supernatants. Both ev-1- and ev-3-like RNA sequences were identified, as well as two other RNA sequences with intact pol regions, presumably of ev-18 and ev-19 origin. Inoculation of susceptible quail fibroblasts with CEF culture supernatants from both 5-azacytidine-induced and noninduced CEF led to ALV infection, confirming the presence of infectious ALV-E. Our data demonstrate that both defective and nondefective ev loci can be present in CEF vaccine substrates and suggest that both ev classes may contribute to the ALV present in vaccines.
Identification and localization of a novel, cytoskeletal, centrosome-associated protein in PtK2 cells.

Antisera raised against centrin (Salisbury, J.L., A.T. Baron, B. Surek, and M. Melkonian. 1984. J. Cell Biol. 99:962-970) have been used, here, to identify a centrosome-associated protein with an Mr of 165,000. Immunocytochemistry indicates that this protein is a component of pericentriolar satellites, basal feet, and pericentriolar matrix of interphase cells. These components of pericentriolar material are, in part, composed of 3-8-nm-diam filaments, which interconnect to form a three-dimensional pericentriolar lattice. We conclude that the 165,000-Mr protein is immunologically related to centrin, and that it is a component of a novel centrosome-associated cytoskeletal filament system. Microtubule organizing centers such as the flagellar apparatus of algal cells, spindle pole body of yeast cells, and centrosome of mammalian cells are homologous structures essential for cytoplasmic organization and cellular proliferation. Molecular cloning studies have recently shown that the cell cycle gene product CDC31, required for spindle pole body duplication, shares 50% sequence homology with centrin (Huang, B., A. Mengersen, and V.D. Lee. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:133-140). The evolutionary conservation of centrin-related sequences and immunologic epitopes to microtubule organizing centers of divergent phylogeny suggests that a functional attribute(s) may have been conserved as well. Elucidation of a common thread between these related molecules may be fundamental to our understanding of cell structure and function.
Visual interaction: a link between perception and problem solving

The approach taken in this research is to develop a cognitive model of how a human observer extracts information from a visual display and then uses this perceptual information in a decision-making task. Knowledge about this relationship provides information about the occurrence of perceptual events in the course of problem-solving activities, and suggests that perceptual assistance in the form of image enhancements is a useful supplement to the user's own abilities. This knowledge is then to be embedded in an intelligent computerized assistant which is designed to facilitate and simulate the human problem-solving process. >
Learning to move autonomously in a hostile world

Figure 1: This sequence was recorded from a live, interactive demo, in which the user controls the crate and can move it anywhere at anytime. A virtual agent is tasked with traveling from the left of the scene to the target on the right. While the agent is running towards the target, the user moves the crate into the position shown on the left, blocking the agent’s intended path. The local motion planner selects frames that avoid hitting the object but still make progress toward the goal (A). The user again moves the object into the agent’s path, and again the system successfully copes (B). Altogether, the user tries to block the agent by moving the crate 3 times, but the agent still dodges it and arrives at the target position seamlessly.
HIV-1 infected patients with suppressed plasma viremia on treatment have pro-inflammatory HDL.

Background: The role of pro-inflammatory lipids in systemic immune activation in HIV infection remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that HIV-1-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy would have pro-inflammatory high density lipoprotein (HDL), and that an apoA-1 mimetic peptide might reverse the inflammatory properties of HDL in these persons. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 10 HIV-1-infected individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viremia and was incubated with the apoA-I mimetic peptide L-4F or sham-treated prior to isolation of HDL. The HDL that was isolated from each sample was tested for its ability to inhibit LDL-induced MCP-1 production in cultures of human aortic endothelial cells. Results: We found in a small pilot study of HIV-1-infected individuals with suppressed viremia on combination antiretroviral therapy that oxidative stress and inflammation in HIV-1 are associated with a marked reduction of HDL antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities. In vitro, these abnormalities were significantly improved by treatment with the apoA-1 mimetic peptide, 4F. Conclusions: These preliminary observations suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL are defective in HIV-1-infected persons despite treatment that is considered to be virologically successful.
Impact of a primary care quality improvement intervention on use of psychotherapy for depression.

We examine the impact of the two Partners in Care (PIC) primary care quality improvement (QI) interventions on counseling services. The QI interventions aimed to increase service use, and thereby improve outcomes, and have been shown to indeed improve patient outcomes (e.g., K. B. Wells et al., 2000). But whether or not use of counseling services actually increased has not yet been examined. The QI interventions contained many overlapping elements; however, QI-Therapy emphasized cognitive–behavioral therapy, and QI-Meds emphasized medications and case management. QI-Therapy patients used more counseling than UC patients at 6 months, though increases were modest. Some treatment effects persisted until 12 months, but not beyond. QI-Therapy and QI-Meds patients reported more treatment overall (therapy or medication) than UC patients at 6 months, and this effect persisted in the QI-Meds clinics until 12 months. Treatment effects were more pronounced among those most in need. Despite high rates of referral to psychotherapy within the QI-Therapy clinics (81%), only a minority of patients actually attended a psychotherapy session within the study (30%). We discuss the uptake of therapy in this study as a way to inform future efforts at QI.
Healing ourselves, healing our economy: paid work, unpaid work, and the next stage of feminist economic transformation

Abstract This article presents a broad overview of U.S. economic history which identifies a next stage of feminist economic transformation. It identifies three semihistorical stages in the development of the economic self: gender polarization, gender freedom, and gender integration. 1 Contemporary economic values, practices, and institutions–which were constructed on gender polarization between masculine paid economy-centered work and feminine unpaid family-centered work–are currently being undermined by the process of gender integration as individuals of both sexes straddle economy and family, masculinity and femininity, and as social movements organize to inject feminine caring into an increasingly heartless masculine economy. This process is leading to the healing of individuals, male-female relationships, and economic and social institutions, constituting a revolutionary new stage of feminist-inspired change.
Psychology interns on a consultation-liaison service

This paper develops a rationale for training psychology interns on a consultation-liaison service to deal with the psychologic problems of medically ill patients and to work with their health care providers. General and specific goals are delineated to summarize training objectives for these interns at the end of three and six months on the service. The overall objective of the service in offering such a program is to train psychologists to feel competent and comfortable in meeting the psychologic needs of the medically ill. The service seeks to train psychologists primarily as clinicians and secondarily as researchers in the health care area.
Youth, Voluntary Associations and Political Socialization

A model to investigate the effects of adolescent participation in voluntary associations on early adult political activity is estimated using longitudinal data from a national sample of adolescents who were followed up some two years after being initially surveyed as high school seniors. Results indicate that adolescent participation in voluntary groups increases selective forms of political expression, both directly and as its effects are mediated by adult participation in voluntary associations. The effects of voluntary organizational involvement on political participation were strongest for members of instrumental voluntary groups.
Iterative convex hull volume estimation in hyperspectral imagery for change detection

Historically in change detection, statistically based methods have been used. However, as the spatial resolution of spectral images improves, the data no longer maintain a Gaussian distribution, and some assumptions about the data - and subsequently all algorithms based upon those statistical assumptions - fail. Here we present the Simplex Volume Estimation algorithm (SVE), which avoids these potential hindrances by taking a geometrical approach. In particular, we employ the linear mixture model to approximate the convex hull enclosing the data through identification of the simplex vertices (known as endmembers). SVE begins by processing an image and tiling it into squares. Next, SVE iterates through the tiles and for each set of pixels it identifies the number of corners (as vectors) that define the simplex of that set of data. For each tile, it then iterates through the increasing dimensionality, or number of endmembers, while every time calculating the volume of the simplex that is defined by that number of endmembers. When the volume is calculated in a dimension that is higher than that of the inherent dimensionality of the data, the volume will theoretically drop to zero. This value is indicative of the inherent dimensionality of the data as represented by the convex hull. Further, the volume of the simplex will fluctuate when a new material is introduced to the dataset, indicating a change in the image. The algorithm then analyzes the volume function associated with each tile and assigns the tile a metric value based on that function. The values of these metrics will be compared by using hyperspectral imagery collected from different platforms over experimental setups with known changes between flights. Results from these tests will be presented along with a path forward for future research.
Study of Magneto-Transmission Spectra of La $_{0.7}$ Pb $_{0.3}$ MnO $_{3 - \delta}$ Epitaxial Thin Film

Magneto-transmission (MT) of epitaxially grown La0.7Pb 0.3MnO3-delta as measured and studied. ThermoElectron Nexus 670 FT-IR spectrometer equipped with an electromagnet was used to obtain IR spectra in the range of 350 to 4000 cm-1 in various applied magnetic fields up to 1.0 Tesla. For optimal magneto-spectroscopic measurements in transmission, the studied film had a thickness of 190 nm, with a maximum value up to 80% at 320 K in the colossal magneto-resistance (CMR) effect in 5.5 Tesla. It was observed that the MT peaks at around 1400 cm-1 with a maximum value of 1.0% at 1.0 Tesla. When compared with the CMR effect, the measured MT value at this peak position resembles that of the CMR effect closely in the field range studied
Dose responses of weeds and winter wheat to MKH 6561

Abstract Greenhouse studies determined dose responses of winter annual weeds and winter wheat to preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) treatments of MKH 6561 and the residual effects on kochia. MKH 6561 at 11 to 45 g ha−1 did not affect wheat. MKH 6561 at 11, 34, and 45 g ha−1 reduced winter annual weed densities compared to an untreated control. Weed growth was inhibited as the rate of MKH 6561 was increased, but downy brome, cheat, and Japanese brome were three to six times more susceptible than jointed goatgrass. The GR70 values for cheat, downy brome, Japanese brome, and jointed goatgrass were 7, 11, 4, and >45 g ha−1, respectively. Dry weights of kochia seeded after removal of the winter annual grasses decreased as MKH 6561 rate increased, with average control being 77% compared to the nontreated control. Regression analysis indicated that kochia was controlled 80% with MKH 6561 at 28 g ha−1. Nomenclature: MKH 6561, methyl 2-[[[(4-methyl-5-oxo-3-propoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)carbony...
Borders of Equality: The NAACP and the Baltimore Civil Rights Struggle, 1914–1970 Lee Sartain. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2013.

Borders of Equality: The NAACP and the Baltimore Civil Rights Struggle, 1914-1970 Lee Sartain. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2013.If one were a social observer in the 1960s and 1970s, Baltimore was the place. It was geographically Southern but was close to Washington. It was the first city to desegregate the public schools, and it had an activist tradition. As a Johns Hopkins University grad student, this reviewer campaigned against the Vietnam War and for Women's Liberation and was at a rally where a heckler yelled, "All you Jewish Catholic Communists, go back to Africa!" The struggle for civil rights and racial equality was the most intense and best documented. It's the subject of Lee Sartain's Borders of Equality, a succinct and useful portrait.His focus is on the Baltimore chapter of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), which chipped away at racist laws in an integrationist, legal way. Thurgood Marshall, later the first black Supreme Court justice, got his start in Baltimore, and the Baltimore Afro-American was one of the most powerful newspapers in the country.But Sartain's book is not about the black middle class men who represented "the Negro movement" to the white public. The toughest work-the organizing, the phoning, the canvassing-was done by women, unheralded at the time and unacknowledged later. Sartain, to his great credit, gives credit to the women.Tireless black women have always been the anchors. Rural Southern communities always had a "mama," the black woman who was the acknowledged leader and go-to person in every crisis. Sartain mentions Gloria Richardson, the mama on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, where activists picketed segregated movie theaters and bowling alleys. This reviewer was one of those white "outside agitators," college students who were bused in on weekends and were routinely arrested. Gloria Richardson was the one to call-to get us out, to let our parents know where we were.Lillie Jackson, a Baltimore mama, is the center of Sartain's book. She ran the Baltimore chapter of the NAACP from 1935-1970, and its achievements are traceable to her energy and her dictatorial style. Hers was the first "Buy Where You Can Work" campaign to get stores to hire blacks, and she worked tirelessly against all forms of apartheid (theaters, restaurants). Lillie Jackson was the one to call about police brutality, and she was a superb membership recruiter-of churchgoing people. She didn't believe in smoking, drinking, or dancing and wouldn't sign up NAACP members from night clubs. One young man who wanted to date her daughter had to join a church group first. …
L-364,718, a cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonist, suppresses feeding-induced sleep in rats

Feeding induces increased sleep in several species, including rats. The aim of the study was to determine if CCK plays a role in sleep responses to feeding. We induced excess eating in rats by 4 da...