cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microarray immunoassay (MIA) for the parallel IgE and IgG4 epitope mapping of milk allergens

Abstract Rationale The natural history of young patients with milk allergy is variable. Characteristics such as IgE/IgG 4 ratio and specific epitope recognition patterns are being investigated for prognostic utility. Prospective, comprehensive analysis of patient epitope-specific antibody response is impractical with commonly used assays. We sought to develop a microarray-based immunoassay for parallel detection of whole allergen and peptide specific IgE and IgG 4 . Methods Sets of 15-residue peptides, each with biotin-SGSG linkers, were designed corresponding to milk allergen sequences. These were printed together with biotinylated beta- and kappa-caseins to avidin-derivatized glass slides. Diluted human sera from milk-allergic patients and non-allergic controls were incubated over the arrayed peptides in a humidified chamber. Specific IgE and IgG 4 were simultaneously detected by incubation with a cocktail of monoclonal secondary antibodies labeled with distinct fluorochromes. Slides were read with a microarray fluorescence scanner. Results Compared to normal sera, IgE signal [binding] with patient sera was 1.5–2 log higher to beta- and kappa-caseins respectively (p 4 signal was also greater with patient sera (beta-casein, 1.5 log; kappa-casein 1 log; p 4 signal was clearly detectable in normals. Inter-assay CVs were less than 10%. For 80% of patients, kappa-casein was the dominant allergen with higher absolute IgE and IgG 4 signals and higher IgE/IgG 4 ratios. Individual and pooled patient sera bound specific peptides. Conclusion MIA is a reproducible and specific assay for the investigation of allergen-specific antibody.
Prenatal Drug Exposure: Infant and Toddler Outcomes

This manuscript provides an overview of the current scientific literature on the impact of maternal drug use, specifically opioids and cocaine, during pregnancy on the acute and long-term outcomes of infants and toddlers from birth through age 3 years. Emphasis with regard to opioids is placed on heroin and opioid substitutes used to treat opioid addiction, including methadone, which has long been regarded as the standard of care in pregnancy, and buprenorphine, which is increasingly being investigated and prescribed as an alternative to methadone. Controlled studies comparing methadone at high and low doses, as well as those comparing methadone with buprenorphine, are highlighted and the diagnosis and management of neonatal abstinence syndrome is discussed. Over the past two decades, attention of the scientific and lay communities has also been focused on the potential adverse effects of cocaine and crack cocaine, especially during the height of the cocaine epidemic in the United States. Herein, the findings are summarized from prospective studies comparing cocaine-exposed with non-cocaine-exposed infants and toddlers with respect to anthropometric growth, infant neurobehavior, visual and auditory function, and cognitive, motor, and language development. The potentially stigmatizing label of the so-called "crack baby" preceded the evidence now accumulating from well-designed prospective investigations that have revealed less severe sequelae in the majority of prenatally exposed infants than originally anticipated. In contrast to opioids, which may produce neonatal abstinence syndrome and infant neurobehavioral deficits, prenatal cocaine exposure appears to be associated with what has been described as statistically significant but subtle decrements in neurobehavioral, cognitive, and language function, especially when viewed in the context of other exposures and the caregiving environment which may mediate or moderate the effects. Whether these early findings may herald more significant learning and behavioral problems during school-age and adolescence when the child is inevitably confronted with increasing social and academic challenges is the subject of ongoing longitudinal research.
Congenital anemia and triphalangeal thumbs: A new syndrome*

Summary A new syndrome of congenital hypoplastic anemia and triphalangeal thumbs has been found in two brothers, at least one of whom also has a congenital heart defect. It is not possible from the present data to discriminate between X-linked and autosomal recessive modes of inheritance. This condition is clearly distinguishable from Fanconi's fancytopenia, the radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia, and the Holt-Oram syndromes by physical and hematologic criteria.
Dendritic cells and tolerance induction

Dendritic cells (DC) are widely accepted as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), and considerable interest has been generated in their potential for the immunological therapy of cancer and infectious disease. Recently, however, a broader understanding of the phenotypic diversity and functional heterogeneity of DC has been acquired. Thus, in addition to having a role in central tolerance, DC are now regarded as potential modulators of peripheral immune responses. Harnessing this potential may offer a new approach to the immunosuppressive therapy of allograft rejection or autoimmunity. Here, the concept of ‘tolerogenic’ DC is placed in the context of rapidly accumulating new evidence of the diverse properties of these important APC.
A NON-LINEAR MOVING MASS PROBLEM

Abstract The longitudinal and transverse motions of finite elastic beam traversed by a moving mass are presented. Using Hamilton's principle, two non-linear coupled differential equations governing the transverse and longitudinal displacements of the beam are developed. A finite difference method combined with a perturbation technique is used to solve the resulting boundary value problem. The results show the difference between the moving force and moving mass problems for the dynamic system. The effect of the friction force between the mass and beam on the longitudinal motion is shown to be significant.
Leptomeningeal mycosis fungoides

Central nervous system involvement with mycosis fungoides complicated the clinical course of a patient at a time when his skin was clinically free of disease following systemic chemotherapy. A leptomeningeal syndrome of blurred vision and papilledema, and confusion progressing to coma, was associated with elevated spinal fluid pressure and abnormal spinal fluid cells morphologically similar to those seen in the Sezary syndrome. The symptoms were dramatically reversed by intrathecal methotrexate, brain irradiation, and steroids. Mycosis fungoides recurred in the skin, in the spinal fluid, and in both eyes. Despite continued systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, the patient died from mycosis fungoides. This is the second patient reported with meningeal mycosis fungoides.
Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on marbling and intramuscular adipocytes in pork

Dietary CLA has been reported to decrease backfat and increase marbling in pigs. Our objective was to determine whether the increase in marbling involved changes in intramuscular adipocyte number or size or both. Twenty barrows (53 kg) were penned in pairs and pens were randomly assigned to receive diets containing either 1% soybean oil (SBO) or CLA (60% CLA isomers) for 6 wk. Body weight and feed intake were determined weekly. At slaughter, loin samples were obtained and flash frozen for RNA extraction and real-time reverse-transcription PCR analysis of gene expression. After a 24-h chill, loin eye area and backfat depth were measured and subjective marbling and color scores were assigned. Loin, backfat, and belly fat samples were obtained for fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography. Loin samples were also frozen in ice-cold isopentane for histological analysis of intramuscular adipocytes. Dietary CLA did not affect BW or feed intake at any point (P > 0.10), nor did treatment groups differ in HCW (P = 0.417) or loin color (P = 0.500). The CLA-fed pigs did have less (P = 0.018) backfat and smaller (P = 0.047) loin eye area than SBO-fed pigs and had a trend for an increase (P = 0.069) in marbling score. Relative gene expression for markers of preadipocytes (preadipocyte factor 1; Pref-1), differentiating adipocytes (PPARγ), and mature adipocytes [fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and perilipin (PLIN)] were determined and normalized to the expression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein. No significant differences were detected, but the expression of PPARγ (P = 0.265), PLIN (P = 0.265), and FABP4 (P = 0.148) was numerically greater in CLA-fed pigs than in SBO-fed pigs. Loin samples were stained with Oil Red O to identify intramuscular adipocytes. The average cell area was increased (P = 0.030) in CLA-fed pigs. The cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomers were incorporated (P = 0.006) into backfat and belly fat, but only trans-10,cis-12 CLA was increased in the loin (P = 0.004) of CLA-fed pigs. The proportion of SFA was increased (P = 0.006) by CLA in all tissues. These results indicate that the increase in marbling in pigs fed CLA may be related to increased intramuscular adipocyte size, and the combination of increased marbling and degree of saturation could improve the eating quality of CLA-fed pork.
Clozapine in the treatment of dysphoric mania

Seven patients with bipolar disorder, characterized by dysphoric mania with psychotic features and chronic disability, refractory to standard treatments and anticonvulsants, all showed marked symptomatic and functional improvement when given the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. During follow-up over 3-5 years, most of the patients sustained substantial gains in psychosocial function; and of the six patients remaining on clozapine, no further hospitalizations were needed. This remarkable improvement in a severely ill group of patients suggests that clozapine may have utility in the treatment of bipolar disorder as well as schizophrenia.
Calculation of ternary, quaternary, and higher-order phase diagrams from binary diagrams and binary thermodynamic data

We evaluated the binary phase diagrams making up the quaternary diagram CaO-SiO2-MgO-A12O3. First we calculated the glass transition temperatures of the four-oxide system. We used our models both for the interaction parameters in the liquid phase and for the Gibbs energy of fusion as a function of temperature. In the CaO-SiO2 binary system, the compound Ca3SiO5 is quite stable. One approach to achieving a thermodynamic description of the system added, in addition to the repulsive term close to SiO2, a repulsive interaction term close to CaO to describe the miscibility gap and an attractive term to describe the very stable Ca2SiO4 compound. Another approach was to split the CaO-SiO2 system into two subsystems, CaO-Ca2SiO4 and Ca2SiO4-SiO2. The activities of CaO and SiO2 in the liquid calculated at 1873 K do not differ significantly from each other, nor from the method when only two interaction parameters, obtained from the miscibility gap were used. In the other five binaries, no special problems were found, except that the large number of phase diagrams generally do not agree with each other.
A general class of nonlinear admissible estimators in the one-parameter exponential case

Abstract We give sufficient conditions for the admissibility of nonlinear estimators in estimating a function g ( θ ) with quadratic loss. Observations are from the one-parameter exponential family. Two examples are given. In the first, we find an admissible estimator of the tail probability of a normal distribution. In the second, we find a class of admissible estimators of the tail probability of a gamma distribution.
Platelet dysfunction in a patient with the Opitz (BBBG) syndrome.

An 11-year-old girl with Opitz (BBBG) syndrome presented with a bleeding disorder. Studies showed an immune-mediated qualitative platelet dysfunction in the absence of thrombocytopenia. This is the first report of hemostatic dysfunction in a patient with the Opitz (BBBG) syndrome. This report considers the possible relationship of the platelet dysfunction to the Opitz (BBBG) syndrome and its treatment. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Growth of the L‐cell in galactose medium

The failure of the L-cell to grow in a medium containing galactose as the sole carbohydrate was found to be directly related to the initial pH of the medium. Excellent growth of L-M cultures in Eagle's minimum essential medium containing galactose instead of glucose was obtained by adjusting the medium to pH 6.2–6.8.
Pseudo‐obstruction Syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis

Three patients with long-standing multiple sclerosis were found to have clinical features of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction consisting of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and distention after meals. Radiographic studies demonstrated dilated loops of bowel without evidence of mechanical obstruction. In addition to standard clinical data, results of jejunal manometry in the patients were compared with those of 10 normal volunteers. Phase III of the migrating motor complex activity fronts occurred in two of the three patients during at least 3 hours of recording. Some contractions exhibited higher than normal amplitudes (>90 mm Hg), but the frequency, mean amplitudes, and motility indices were similar to those recorded in the normal volunteers. After a meal the frequency of contractions was reduced, although the amplitudes were normal to high (>90 mm Hg), and some contractions exhibited a tonic or prolonged component. Postprandial contractions were erratic with periods of intense activity alternating with quiescence. These manometric findings are most compatible with a neuropathic process. When pseudo-obstruction compromised assimilation of orally administered nutrients in these patients, central venous nutrition was required.
Why isn't my pocket calculator a thinking thing?

What the preceding arguments show — I take it — is that none of the four traditional marks of the mental considered provide a supportable basis for denying that Cal calculates in the same sense as you or I; i.e., I have sought to show that our initial syllogism does not commit the fallacy of four terms by equivocating on ‘calculates’, its middle. I will conclude by remarking why the argument — at least as I intend it, and on its least tendentious reading — doesn't equivocate on its major, ‘thinks’, either. Ordinarily ‘think’ is a generic term for any of several different mental activities or states. According to Descartes, a thing that thinks is “a thing which doubts, understands, affirms, denies, is willing, is unwilling, and also imagines and has sensory perceptions” (1642: 19). Similarly, my dictionary (Webster's New Collegiate), under ‘think’, mentions conceive, judge, consider, surmise, expect, determine, resolve, reason, intend, purpose, reflect, infer, opine, and decide. In this ordinary generic sense of the term, I take it, it's undeniable that calculating is thinking, and — if my arguments are sound — that my pocket calculator calculates and consequently thinks. Perhaps some special sense of ‘thinking’ can be made out for which calculating is not sufficient — perhaps some sense in which it's not sufficient to doubtor understandor will, etc., but in which it's necessary to (be able to) doubtand understandand will, etc. (as Descartes surely intended). Perhaps there is some sense in which ‘thinking’ requires such unity, or universality of mental capacity — or alternatively some other traditional (or perhaps some non-traditional) mark(s) of the mental. At any rate — whether or not such a sense of ‘thought’ can be made out — I have only claimed that Cal thinks in the ordinary generic sense of being a subject of at least one kind of contentful or mental state, not that he is a unified, or conscious, or autonomous self or soul or thinker in some special proprietary philosophical sense. I leave it to the opponent of AI to clarify what this sense is and to make out the case, if it can be made, against Cal's thinking inthis sense.
Specificity of desmin to avian and mammalian muscle cells

Abstract The extent of invariance and heterogeneity in desmin, the major component of the muscle form of 100 A filaments, has been investigated in avian and mammalian muscle and nonmuscle cells with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence. Desmin from chick, duck and quail, smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle cells is resolved into two isoelectric variants, α and β, with each possessing the same charge and electrophoretic mobility in all three avian species irrespective of muscle type. Guinea pig and rat muscle desmin resolves into only one variant; it also possesses the same charge and electrophoretic mobility in the two mammalian species, but it is more acidic and slower in electrophoretic mobility than the two avian variants. In immunofluorescence, desmin is localized together with α-actinin along myofibril Z lines. Antibodies to chick smooth muscle desmin, prepared against the protein purified by preparative SDS gel electrophoresis prior to immunization, cross-react with myofibril Z lines in all three avian species. These antibodies do not cross-react with either rat or guinea pig myofibril Z lines. Similarly, they do not cross-react with avian or mammalian nonmuscle cells grown in tissue culture and known to contain cytoplasmic 100 A filaments. These results demonstrate that desmin is highly conserved within avian muscle cells and within mammalian muscle cells. It is, however, both biochemically and immunologically distinguishable between avian and mammalian muscle cells, and between muscle and nonmuscle cells. We conclude that there are biochemically and immunologically specific forms of desmin for avian and mammalian muscle cells. Furthermore, within a particular vertebrate species, there are at least two separate classes of 100 A filaments: the muscle class whose major component is desmin, and the nonmuscle class whose major component is distinct from desmin. Taking into consideration the immunological specificity reported by other laboratories for the 100 A filaments in glial cells, for neurofilaments and for the epidermal 80 A keratin filaments, we propose that a given vertebrate species contains at least four major distinguishable classes of 100 A filaments: muscle 100 A filaments (desmin filaments), glial filaments, neurofilaments and epidermal keratin filaments.
Solder development and fabrication techniques for coolant tube bonding in toroidal field conductors for the National Spherical Torus experiment

The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is being enhanced to significantly expand the operational space for plasma conditions that are essential for next step Spherical Torus (ST) engineering and scientific development. Improvements to this leading, high performance ST include doubling the magnetic toroidal field (TF) and plasma current with a tenfold increase to the plasma discharge flat top duration. This requires a Center Stack Upgrade (CSU) with almost double the current capability of the TF inner conductors. Bonding water cooling tubes in these new TF Conductors required developing nonionic solder flux and a controlled, repeatable heating technique.
Dead girls do it better: Gazing rights and the production of knowledge in Othello and Oroonoko

(2003). Dead girls do it better: Gazing rights and the production of knowledge in Othello and Oroonoko. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 99-117.
Interleukin-10 and Immunity against Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Intracellular Pathogens

The generation of an effective immune response against an infection while also limiting tissue damage requires a delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has potent immunosuppressive effects and is essential for regulation of immune responses. However, the immunosuppressive properties of IL-10 can also be exploited by pathogens to facilitate their own survival. In this minireview, we discuss the role of IL-10 in modulating intracellular bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. Using information from several different infection models, we bring together and highlight some common pathways for IL-10 regulation and function that cannot be fully appreciated by studies of a single pathogen.
Experimental evidence of homing to site of incubation by mature sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

Fish of the family Salmonidae (salmon, trout and charr) are famous for their ability to learn (‘imprint’) olfactory information as juveniles and to use those odour memories as adults to home to their natal site for reproduction years later. However, the spatial scale at which salmonids home has not been determined, and this is important not only for an understanding of the imprinting and homing processes but also because homing determines the spatial scale at which salmon populations are structured. To test the hypothesis that salmon home to specific habitat units within a single small creek, we induced banding patterns on the otoliths (ear bones) of pre-hatch sockeye salmon embryos by altering the temperatures at which they were incubated. Thermally marked embryos were buried in a small pond associated with Hansen Creek, in southwestern Alaska, and allowed to complete development and migrate. In the year when the salmon were expected to return to the creek, examination of otoliths from carcasses revealed that 12 of 324 salmon in the pond were marked, whereas all 138 salmon examined in the creek were unmarked. This distribution of marked fish indicates that more of the experimental salmon returned to the pond than would have occurred by chance, although we cannot be certain that all surviving salmon did so. These results contribute to the growing literature indicating the capacity for very fine-scale populations structure in salmon.
The Personal and Professional Impact of the Future of Nursing Report

Perioperative nurses can apply the four key messages outlined in the Institute of Medicine report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health from personal and professional perspectives. Advocating to remove barriers to practice and educating the public about the perioperative nurse's role can help nurses practice to the full extent of their education and training. Nurses can achieve higher levels of education and training by taking advantage of new educational opportunities that offer a more seamless progression to an advanced degree. To act as full partners with other health professionals, nurses can participate in interdisciplinary teams and implement evidence-based practice, and they can contribute to effective workforce planning and policy making by helping to collect and analyze data that will improve practice environments. The key messages of the report address all nurses, whether they are direct care providers, advanced practice RNs, educators, or administrators.
Chemical and electronic properties of size selected metal clusters: XPS studies of gold clusters

Abstract Small unsupported (gas phase) transition metal clusters exhibit strong variations in their chemical, physical, and electronic properties as a function of the exact number of constituent atoms. Similarly, early results suggest that small supported (deposited) Pt and Au clusters have unusual chemical and electronic properties. Using high energy rare gas ion sputtering of metal targets, high currents of mass selected transition metal clusters can be produced and deposited at low kinetic energy upon substrates, e.g. silica or carbon. The clusters are then characterized using a variety of techniques, e.g. UPS, XPS, STEM, STM and chemisorption. In this paper we will discuss UV and x-ray photoemission measurements of the 4f7/2 core level energies Au (1–5) atom clusters deposited on silica. From such studies we are beginning to understand how electronic structure, cluster stability and mobility depend on (deposited) cluster size, surface coverage, and substrate temperature.
A simple phantom for learning EUS-guided FNA

Background : The learning curve for EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) is formidable. Development of a phantom to assist in teaching the technique may be beneficial. This study assessed the feasibility of using a low-cost phantom made of commonly available materials to practice EUS-FNA. Methods : A 2500-mL barium enema bag was modified by running a plastic tube (3-mm inner diameter) through it and sealing one end. One hundred grams of standard agar were suspended in 4 liters of tap water. The borth was heated slowly to boiling. The dissolved agar was then transferred to the barium enema bag after mixing in diced carrots, elbow macaroni, peas, and fingertips of surgical gloves filled with 5 mL of normal saline solution (6 of each) to simulate solid and cystic lesions. Immersion of the phantom in a basin of water provided acoustic coupling. One end of the 3-mm plastic tubing was attached to the nozzle of a water jet device and the other end to its reservoir to create a closed system allowing water recirculation. A linear array echoendoscope and a fine needle were used to perform EUS-FNA. The analysis is descriptive. Observations : The phantom was readily made with inexpensive components (total cost Conclusions : Once validated, an EUS phatom made of simple components may become an invaluable educational tool for teaching EUS-FNA. Further studies are needed to determine how it affects the skills of gastroenterologists with and without EUS experience.
The molecular weight dependence of polymer surface tension

Abstract The surface tensions of a series of poly(isobutylenes) in the molecular weight range 400–3000 have been determined at 24°C. These results, together with surface tension values from the literature for poly(dimethyl siloxanes) and three series of different pure chain-molecule homologues, are found to exhibit a linear dependence on (molecular weight) −2 2 . A simple free-volume argument seems to be consistent with this empirical observation.
The effects of free surfaces on martensite microstructures: 3D phase field microelasticity simulation study

The phase field microelasticity approach to coherent phase transformations is extended to the case of a finite sample with free surfaces. The 3D simulation model is based on numerical solution of exact elasticity equation. No ad hoc assumptions on the microstructure morphology along evolution path are made. It is used to investigate the effects of free surfaces on multi-variant martensitic transformations in AuCd and FeNi alloys. The simulation shows that formation of free surfaces changes the martensite microstructures mostly in the surface layers, the thickness of these layers being commensurate with the size of martensite domains. It also shows that the free surfaces affect the microstructures of the high-symmetry FeNi more significantly than that of the low-symmetry AuCd because the latter has more orientation variants and can achieve better stress accommodation.
Divergence in the anti-apoptotic signalling pathways used by nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in PC12 cells: rescue by bFGF involves protein kinase C delta.

The mechanisms whereby nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) block apoptosis in serum-deprived PC12 cells were investigated. NGF, but not bFGF, strongly activated Akt/protein kinase B, a downstream effector of phosphoinositide (phosphatidylinositol) 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). In addition, inhibition of PI 3-kinase by LY294002 partially blocked inhibition of apoptosis by NGF, but not that by bFGF, suggesting divergence in NGF and bFGF anti-apoptotic signalling pathways. Both growth factors strongly activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, but blockade of signalling through this pathway, either by the expression of dominant-negative Ras or by treatment with the MAP kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126, partially inhibited only bFGF, but not NGF, anti-apoptotic signalling. Use of isoform-specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors such as bisindoylmaleimide-I and Go 6983 suggested that PKC delta is a likely component of bFGF trophic signalling. A role for PKC delta was confirmed in PC12 cells expressing a dominant-negative PKCdelta fragment, in which reversal of apoptosis by bFGF was partially blocked. The PKC delta signal was not mediated by the MAP kinase cascade, as bFGF activation of this pathway was not affected in cells expressing the dominant-negative PKC delta fragment. Full inhibition of bFGF anti-apoptotic signalling occurred when both the PKCdelta and Ras/MAP kinase pathways were inhibited. Together, these data demonstrate that inhibition of apoptosis by bFGF in PC12 cells operates differently from that mediated by NGF, requiring the addition of signals from both the Ras/MAP kinase and PKC signalling pathways.
Thermal Spray Applications in Electronics and Sensors: Past, Present, and Future

Thermal spray has enjoyed unprecedented growth and has emerged as an innovative and multifaceted deposition technology. Thermal spray coatings are crucial to the enhanced utilization of various engineering systems. Industries, in recognition of thermal spray’s versatility and economics, have introduced it into manufacturing environments. The majority of modern thermal spray applications are “passive” protective coatings, and they rarely perform an electronic function. The ability to consolidate dissimilar material multilayers without substrate thermal loading has long been considered a virtue for thick-film electronics. However, the complexity of understanding/controlling materials functions especially those resulting from rapid solidification and layered assemblage has stymied expansion into electronics. That situation is changing: enhancements in process/material science are allowing reconsideration for novel electronic/sensor devices. This review critically examines past efforts in terms of materials functionality from a device perspective, along with ongoing/future concepts addressing the aforementioned deficiencies. The analysis points to intriguing future possibilities for thermal spray technology in the world of thick-film sensors.
The occurrence and metabolism of protein-bound phosphoinositides in several lipid-protein complexes from brain.

Phosphoinositides have been found to occur bound to brain proteins not only in phosphatidopeptides but also in proteolipids and in a water-soluble viscous protein fraction extracted from the lipid-free tissue residue with dilute aqueous acid. In these fractions, the incorporation of 32P into the inositol phosphatide occurs at the relatively rapid rate previously demonstrated for phosphatidopeptides. The incorporation of labeled phosphate in vivo into phosphatidopeptides has been studied in rats of different ages and in adult rats at different times after injection. Comparison of this incorporation with the parallel incorporation into water-soluble phosphate fractions and the total lipid fraction suggested that the incorporation is not limited by the rate of passage of labeled phosphate into the brain from the blood. Maximum specific activity occurs at about 4 h. The pattern of incorporation at different ages and times indicated that, despite the fact that these protein-bound phosphoinositidesare more abundant in white matter, they are not a stable constituent of myelin. The data presented here correlate reasonably well with previously published data for the phosphorus metabolism of the phosphoinositides obtained from total lipid extracts. It is suggested that and protein-bound phosphoinositide acts as a bridge between the protein and less closely associated lipids in some of the membrane structures of brain white matter and that the phosphorus metabolism may reflect membrane activity during function.
Reprint of: Delaunay refinement algorithms for triangular mesh generation

Abstract Delaunay refinement is a technique for generating unstructured meshes of triangles for use in interpolation, the finite element method, and the finite volume method. In theory and practice, meshes produced by Delaunay refinement satisfy guaranteed bounds on angles, edge lengths, the number of triangles, and the grading of triangles from small to large sizes. This article presents an intuitive framework for analyzing Delaunay refinement algorithms that unifies the pioneering mesh generation algorithms of L. Paul Chew and Jim Ruppert, improves the algorithms in several minor ways, and most importantly, helps to solve the difficult problem of meshing nonmanifold domains with small angles. Although small angles inherent in the input geometry cannot be removed, one would like to triangulate a domain without creating any new small angles. Unfortunately, this problem is not always soluble. A compromise is necessary. A Delaunay refinement algorithm is presented that can create a mesh in which most angles are 30° or greater and no angle is smaller than arcsin [ ( 3 / 2 ) sin ( ϕ / 2 ) ] ∼ ( 3 / 4 ) ϕ , where ϕ ⩽ 60 ° is the smallest angle separating two segments of the input domain. New angles smaller than 30° appear only near input angles smaller than 60°. In practice, the algorithm's performance is better than these bounds suggest. Another new result is that Ruppert's analysis technique can be used to reanalyze one of Chew's algorithms. Chew proved that his algorithm produces no angle smaller than 30° (barring small input angles), but without any guarantees on grading or number of triangles. He conjectures that his algorithm offers such guarantees. His conjecture is conditionally confirmed here: if the angle bound is relaxed to less than 26.5°, Chew's algorithm produces meshes (of domains without small input angles) that are nicely graded and size-optimal.
The `Indymedia' Experiment: The Internet as Movement Facilitator Against Institutional Control

The history of the Indymedia network - a group of open-domain web sites around the world, which grew rapidly from its inception in late November 1999 to more than 140 sites by May 2004 - embodies opposition to strategies of propertarian information control by agents of a radical ‘anarchic’ perspective hostile to ‘corporatism’. This binary tension, however, fails to capture the range of implications of ‘peer to peer’ - p2p - web exchange that Indymedia embodies. By weaving together a theoretical framing showing the inadequacy of conceiving p2p exchange in terms of ‘corporate-anarchist’ binaries, on the one hand, with empirical analysis of interviews with key figures from three continents who helped create Indymedia, on the other, the history of Indymedia developed here clarifies how to map struggles over control of the Internet as a communication technology. Such issues speak not only of understanding contested models of access to new communication technologies - exemplified by the tension between the p2p ...
A search for gravity waves by means of the earth eigen vibrations

From international conference on gravitation and relativity; Copenhagen, Uenmark (Jul 1971). It was observed that in certain regions of the spectrum, even eigen vibrations of the earth with quadrupole and multipole moments have higher energy content than odd eigen vibrations. Since it is difficult to explain this parity effect as being due to an internal source, it is speculated that the effect is caused by intense gravitational radiation. In order to maintain the parity structure, it is estimated that gravitational radiation would have to provide energy to the earth's eigen vibrations at a rate of about 10/sup 9/ to 10/sup 10/ ergs sec. The necessary gravitational flux density, however, has not yet been estimated, since the cross sections of these eigen vibrations are unknown. At the moment, further investigation is needed to determine whether the anomalous parity structure appears occasionally or is present continuously. (UK)
Unusual site of graft erosion after abdominal sacrocervicopexy

Large fasciomuscular damage of the feminine pelvic floor resulting in pelvic organ prolapse constitutes a challenge for surgical reconstruction.Between 2005 and 2010, ten women aged 47-75 years were treated by abdominoperineal implantation of polypropylene mesh for modified sacral perineocolporectopexy and subsequently followed up. They were suffering from enterocele (9), genital prolapse (8), descending perineum (5), rectal prolapse (4), and rectocele (3). Five women were incontinent (mean Wexner 9) and six had incomplete rectal evacuation. Defecography revealed enterocele III (5) and II (4). Magnetic resonance (MR) diagnosed descending perineum in five patients (mean 3.8 cm).Permanent reconstruction of the pelvic floor and remission of organ prolapse was achieved at 12-months of follow-up in all except one patient. There were two small vaginal mesh erosions and one hematoma within the pelvic floor. Improvement at rectal emptying and anal incontinence (mean Wexner 4) were found.Modified sacral perineocolporectopexy is effective in the treatment of complex pelvic floor anatomical defects and organ prolapse. Improvements in rectal emptying, pelvic feeling of heaviness, and dyspareunia were achieved. The procedure was safe and characterized by good implant tolerance and a low rate of complications.
Renal Concentrating Ability in Mice: A Model for the Use of Genetic Variation in Elucidating Relationships between Structure and Function

In Os/+ mice of the XVIII strain, nephron number was reduced by 80% and GFR by 50%. Plots of (U/P)Osm against percentage filtered solute load excreted showed that the consequent osmotic diuresis per nephron was a sufficient explanation for the mild concentrating defect in XVIII Os/+ mice. This conclusion was confirmed by the fact that subtotal nephrectomy mimicked the effect of the Os gene in this strain. However the same experiments demonstrated that there was an additional qualitative impairment of the renal concentrating mechanism in mice of the DI strain having oligosyndactyly (DI Os/+). Observations on a genetically segregating backcross generation showed that a reduction in mean length of short loops of Henle, but not the absence of a pars recta of the proximal tubule, was probably responsible for the severe concentrating defect in DI Os/+ mice. The usefulness and specific limitations of genetic variation in physiological investigations are discussed.
A 13-item score predicted survival to discharge with good neurologic status after CPR for in-hospital cardiac arrest

Source Citation Ebell MH, Jang W, Shen Y, Geocadin RG; Get with the Guidelines–Resuscitation Investigators. Development and validation of the Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation (GO-FAR)...
Respiratory disease associated with occupational inhalation to hop (Humulus lupulus) during harvest and processing.

Abstract Background There is little published evidence for occupational respiratory disease caused by hop dust inhalation. In the United States, hops are commercially produced in the Pacific Northwest region. Objective To describe occupational respiratory disease in hop workers. Methods Washington State workers' compensation claims filed by hop workers for respiratory disease were systematically identified and reviewed. Incidence rates of respiratory disease in hop workers were compared with rates in field vegetable crop farm workers. Results Fifty-seven cases of respiratory disease associated with hop dust inhalation were reported from 1995 to 2011. Most cases (61%) were diagnosed by the attending health care practitioner as having work-related asthma. Seven percent of cases were diagnosed as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the remaining cases were diagnosed as allergic respiratory disorders (eg, allergic rhinitis) or asthma-associated symptoms (eg, dyspnea). Cases were associated with hop harvesting, secondary hop processing, and indirect exposure. The incidence rate of respiratory disease in hop workers was 15 cases per 10,000 full-time workers, which was 30 times greater than the incidence rate for field vegetable crop workers. A strong temporal association between hop dust exposure and respiratory symptoms and a clear association between an increase in hop dust concentrations and the clinical onset of symptoms were apparent in 3 cases. Conclusion Occupational exposure to hop dust is associated with respiratory disease. Respiratory disease rates were higher in hop workers than in a comparison group of agricultural workers. Additional research is needed before hop dust can be confirmed as a causative agent for occupational asthma.
Low temperature acclimation of root fatty acid composition, leaf water potential, gas exchange and growth of soybean seedlings.

Abstract Root fatty acid composition, photosynthesis, leaf water potentials, stomatal resistances, leaf specific weights, and root: shoot ratios of soybean were measured in two temperature regimes. Groups of soybean plants were grown in controlled chambers of the Duke University Phytotron under two thermoperiods. One group of the plants was grown from seed for 3 weeks in either 29/23°C or 17/11°C thermoperiods, and another group was grown for 2 weeks in 29/23°C and then transferred to the 17/11°C thermoperiod where it remained for 8 days. Broccoli was also grown in either 29/23°C or 17/11°C thermoperiods. Soybean roots contained more unsaturated fatty acids than broccoli roots, although broccoli roots showed a larger increase in unsaturation than soybean roots with decreased temperature. The fatty acid unsaturation in the roots of soybean began to increase rapidly after the temperature regime was changed. The increase was in the new roots produced in the cold regime rather than in the pre-existing roots. The soybean leaf water and osmotic potentials decreased about 0.4 MPa, beginning one day after the transfer from 29/23°C to 17/11°C, but recovered significantly after 8 d. Plants grown at 17/11 °C had lower rates of photosynthesis and adaxial stomatal resistances, but higher root: shoot ratios and specific leaf weights compared to plants grown at 29/23°C. Plants grown and maintained at 29/23°C showed a steady increase in photosynthetic rates over the 8-d experimental period, whether rates were measured in 1 mol m−3 or 9 mol m−3 oxygen. Plants transferred to 17/11°C however maintained constant rates of photosynthesis at 1 mol m−3 O2, whereas at 9 mol m−3 rates declined for 2 d then were constant for the remaining 6 d of the experimental period. These results suggest that changes in membrane fatty acid unsaturation is an important aspect of plant acclimation to chilling temperatures in terms of maintaining root permeability and water uptake. However, the degree of unsaturation is not a good indicator of differences in chilling tolerance among species. The apparent acclimation of photorespiration to a constant percentage of photosynthesis suggests a role of photorespiration in the plant.
Immobilization of α1-acid glycoprotein for chromatographic studies of drug-protein binding

A new method for preparing immobilized alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) for use in drug-protein binding studies was developed and optimized. In this approach, periodate was used under mild conditions to oxidize the carbohydrate chains in AGP for attachment to a hydrazide-activated support. The final conditions chosen for this oxidation involved the reaction of 5.0 mg/mL AGP at 4 degrees C and pH 7.0 with 5-20 mM periodic acid for 10 min. These conditions helped maximize the immobilization of AGP without significantly affecting its activity. This method was evaluated by using it to attach AGP to silica for use in high-performance affinity chromatography and self-competition zonal elution studies. In work with R- and S-propranolol, only one type of binding site was observed for both enantiomers on the immobilized AGP, in agreement with previous studies using soluble AGP. The association equilibrium constants measured for the immobilized AGP with R- and S-propranolol at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C were 2.7 x 10(6) and 4.2 x 10(6) M(-1), respectively, with linear van't Hoff plots being obtained between 5 and 37 degrees C. Work performed with other drugs also gave good agreement between the behavior seen for immobilized AGP and that for soluble AGP. The same immobilization method described in this work could be used to attach AGP to other materials, such as those used for surface plasmon resonance or alternative biosensors.
Trade and Democracy: A Factor-Based Approach

We study the relationship between trade openness and democracy using a data set with capital-labor ratios, trade flows, and regime type for 142 countries between 1960 and 2007. We are among the first to test a prediction that emerges from the model of Acemoglu and Robinson (2006): Relative factor endowments determine whether trade promotes democracy or not. The statistical results from two-stage least squares estimation indicate that trade is positively associated with democracy among labor-abundant countries but that trade has a negative effect on democracy in capital-abundant countries. The results are not robust, however, and thus we conclude that the evidence in support of their argument is relatively weak.
Schleiermacher on Justification: A Departure From the Reformation?

In his 1923–4 lectures on the theology of Friedrich Schleiermacher, Karl Barth offered a strikingly negative verdict on Schleiermacher's doctrine of justification, lamenting that it was radically discontinuous with the theology of the Reformation. The core purpose of this article is to assess this verdict in detail. The introduction presents in outline Barth's criticism of Schleiermacher's doctrine of justification from these lectures. The first section of the article provides a summary of the doctrine of justification as it is found in Schleiermacher's mature work, The Christian Faith, together with a brief consideration of the related doctrines of conversion and sanctification, and an exposition of the dogmatic location and inter-relation of the three loci. In the second section, the article proceeds to investigate closely whether three of the central criticisms of Barth pertaining to Schleiermacher's doctrine of justification reflect an accurate reading and adjudication of the underlying material. The criticisms explored are: that for Schleiermacher there is no justification as a free act of God but only a justification which takes place according to the law of nature; that in the event of justification Schleiermacher considers both God and the human being to be active; and that the doctrine of Schleiermacher repeats the heresy of essential righteousness after the fashion of Andreas Osiander. The common theme underlying each charge is that Schleiermacher has departed significantly (and lamentably) from the tradition of the Reformation. The third section of the article proceeds to explore these charges carefully in light of a close reading of Schleiermacher's dogmatic work on justification and related doctrines. In the case of each of the criticisms directed at his doctrine of justification, it is argued that there are strong grounds for asserting that Barth's concerns may be rather misplaced and that – true to his word – Schleiermacher indeed remains in broad dogmatic continuity with the Reformation tradition. In the conclusion, two further theological possibilities are noted. First, it is suggested that, far from leaving the Reformation tradition behind, Schleiermacher's work on justification resonates strongly with one particular reading of Calvin's work which has much currency in contemporary theology. And second, it is suggested that, far from Schleiermacher being the one to depart from the Reformation tradition on justification, it might actually – ironically – be Barth who is more guilty of that charge in view of his own doctrine of justification in the Church Dogmatics.