cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF THE CATALASE OF THE FRUITS OF PEAR VARIETIES

This study of the behavior of catalase in the pear was made in an attempt to shed light on the ripening and keeping quality of fruit at both room and storage temperatures. Not all workers are agreed as to the importance that can be attached to catalase in plant tissues. Many, however, as indicated by a review of the more recent literature, believe that catalase is an enzym which plays a significant part in plant metabolism.
The effect of molecular orientation on the mechanical properties of fiber‐filled amorphous polymers

The technology of using glass fibers to increase the modulus and the strength of polymeric systems is well-developed. Much less widely exploited has been the enhancement of properties by orienting the molecules of the polymer itself. The purpose here was to look for a synergistic combination of these two strategies: using glass fiber-filled polystyrene and introducing molecular orientation into the polystyrene matrix. For rheological reasons it is not possible to introduce large stretch ratios in the rubbery state and thus the amount of molecular orientation that can be frozen into the quenched glassy composite is small. Even so, however, the rubbery elongation (which we associate with subsequent molecular orientation) has a very significant effect on the final (room temperature) mechanical properties. Analysis of these properties was made in terms of various theoretical models (those of Brody and Ward, Smallwood-Guth, and Russel and Acrivos for the Young's modulus; and that of Kelly and Tyson, as modified by Lees, for the tensile strength). These comparisons showed that the brittleness of unoriented polystyrene is such that the matrix does not effectively distribute the stress along the length of the fiber and thus the benefit of the length is not realized; whereas the higher ductility of oriented polystyrene allows such transfer and a consequent improvement of properties.
Exploring Baccalaureate Social Work Students' Self-Efficacy: Did it Change over Time?

This study explored baccalaureate social work students' self-efficacy at a rural southern university. Bandura's concept of self-efficacy is used as a theoretical base for the study. Students (N = 43) in introductory social work courses and in the field practicum course completed the Foundation Practice Self Efficacy Scale. Following The Council on Social Work Educations 2008 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards, which recognizes field education as the signature pedagogy of social work education, field students were hypothesized to have higher levels of self-reported self-efficacy than entry-level students. Results suggest that senior level students were more confident in their abilities to practice social work than those students enrolled in an introductory social work course. Implications of this research for social work education are discussed, including the value of using self-efficacy scales in evaluating social work educational program outcomes.
Domestic violence is associated with adult and childhood asthma prevalence in India

BACKGROUND: Little is known on the influence of stressful psychosocial circumstances in predicting asthma. We examine the link between asthma prevalence and domestic violence (DV) in a nationally representative sample of adults and children in India. METHODS: Analyses were based on the 1998-99 cross-sectional nationally representative Indian National Family Health Survey administered in 92 486 households. Individual-level prevalence of asthma was the primary outcome for this study. Exposure to DV was based on women's self-report of DV. RESULTS: In adjusted models, women who experienced DV either recently or in the past were at greater risk of being asthmatic [odds ratio (OR) range 1.26-1.37], compared with those who did not report any abuse. In households where women reported to have experienced DV, asthma risk was higher for all individuals in those households (OR range 1.15-1.19). The association between household DV and individual risk for asthma was also observed in gender-stratified analysis, and also in age-stratified analysis, with strong association observed in age groups of under-five, 5-14, 15-24 and 25-44 years. CONCLUSIONS: We find a consistent association between being exposed to, and having experienced, DV and asthma prevalence. Stress-induced mechanisms, partially captured through violence and social circumstances, may be a critical explanatory link in furthering our understanding of the social disparities in asthma. Language: en
Optimal DMT of dynamic decode-and-forward protocol on a half-duplex relay channel with arbitrary number of antennas at each node

The diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) curve computed for a half-duplex (HD) relay network with arbitrary number of antennas at each node, operating in the dynamic decode-and-forward (DDF) [1] mode. The general case is considered where the source, relay and the destination have m, k and n antennas, respectively. Such a channel is denoted as a (m, k, n)-relay channel, hereafter. Computing the DMT of a (m, k, n)-relay channel requires the joint eigenvalue distribution of two specially correlated central Wishart random matrices. This distribution has been computed recently in [2] using spherical integrals, for the special case where m = n. In this paper, this distribution is computed using an alternate method which is more transparent (for the m = n case) and valid for arbitrary m, k and n. Using this result for the distribution, a complete characterization of the optimal DMT curves of a DDF protocol on a general (m, k, n)-relay channel (the special case of (n, k, n)-relay channel has been considered in [3]) is provided employing a numerical method and compared with the optimal DMTs of half-duplex static compress-and-forward (HD-SCF) and full-duplex decode-and-forward (FD-DF) protocols analyzed in [4]. Interestingly, simulation results show that, for some class of channel configurations such as (m, k, n ≫ k)-relay channels, the HD-DDF and FD-DF protocols have identical optimal DMTs. For other channel configurations, the optimal diversity orders of the HD-DDF protocol are only marginally lower than those of the FD-DF protocol at high multiplexing gains whereas, at low multiplexing gains, the optimal diversity orders of both these protocols coincide. Our result also shows that for some channel configurations at low multiplexing gains the optimal diversity orders of HD-DDF protocol is greater than that of HD-SCF protocol, which was proved to attain the optimal DMT on a static HD relay channel([4]).
Improving Transient Performance of Automated Convoy Vehicles using Command Shaping

This paper documents the effectiveness of command shaping techniques on the vehicle spacing and velocity control of automated vehicle convoys. The control approach is based only on distance measurements between platoon vehicles. The lead vehicle longitudinal control is developed to follow a reference velocity. The follower vehicles maintain the desired spacing using distance measurements to the preceding and following vehicles. When a command shaper is used to modify the reference velocity, errors in vehicle spacing are reduced. This approach leads to more physically realizable controller efforts for the follower vehicles and helps maintain and improve string stability.
A large ultra-clean gas system with closed loop for the high-rate Outer Tracker at HERA-B

Abstract The gas system for the Outer Tracker of the HERA-B experiment at DESY produces the desired counting gas mixture Ar/CF4/CO2 65:30:5 and circulates it through the detector at a flow rate of 20 m 3 / h , i.e. ∼1 vol / h . It controls flows and regulates pressures in all 26 OTR half-superlayers, purifies the gas upon return from the detector, and automatically performs a quantitative analysis of main and trace (O2, N2, H2O) gas components for the common input and the outputs of all half-superlayers. The first running experience and the strategies employed during system construction to avoid any detector aging possibly induced by the gas system are discussed. The large system with major gas purification stations was constructed using only non-outgassing, “clean” materials and devices, such as stainless steel, PEEK, baked Viton, and metal bellows pumps. An epoxy glue was used extensively as a non-outgassing sealing material in applications with up to 100 bar pressure.
CCK-Induced Reduction of Food Intake and Hindbrain MAPK Signaling Are Mediated by NMDA Receptor Activation

The dorsal vagal complex of the hindbrain, including the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), receives neural and humoral afferents that contribute to the process of satiation. The gut peptide, cholecystokinin (CCK), promotes satiation by activating gastrointestinal vagal afferents that synapse in the NTS. Previously, we demonstrated that hindbrain administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor antagonists attenuate reduction of food intake after ip CCK-8 injection, indicating that these receptors play a necessary role in control of food intake by CCK. However, the signaling pathways through which hindbrain NMDA receptors contribute to CCK-induced reduction of food intake have not been investigated. Here we report CCK increases phospho-ERK1/2 in NTS neurons and in identified vagal afferent endings in the NTS. CCK-evoked phospho-ERK1/2 in the NTS was attenuated in rats pretreated with capsaicin and was abolished by systemic injection of a CCK1 receptor antagonist, indicating that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 occurs in and is mediated by gastrointestinal vagal afferents. Fourth ventricle injection of a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, prevented CCK-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in hindbrain neurons and in vagal afferent endings, as did direct inhibition of MAPK kinase. Finally, fourth ventricle administration of either a MAPK kinase inhibitor or NMDA receptor antagonist prevented the reduction of food intake by CCK. We conclude that activation of NMDA receptors in the hindbrain is necessary for CCK-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the NTS and consequent reduction of food intake.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of chemical and biological agent simulants

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of chemical and biological agent simulants, such as dimethyl methylphonate, pinacolyl methylphosphonate, diethyl phosphoramidate, 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide, bacillus globigii, erwinia herbicola, and bacillus thuringiensis were obtained from silver-oxide film-deposited substrates. Thin AgO films ranging in thickness from 50 to 250 nm were produced by chemical bath deposition onto glass slides. Further Raman intensity enhancements were noticed in UV irradiated surfaces due to photo-induced Ag nanocluster formation, which may provide a possible route to producing highly useful plasmonic sensors for the detection of chemical and biological agents upon visible-light illumination.
SPATIAL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN R-CADHERIN EXPRESSION DOMAINS AND RETINAL GANGLION CELL AXONS IN DEVELOPING ZEBRAFISH

Mechanisms underlying axonal pathfinding have been investigated for decades, and numerous molecules have been shown to play roles in this process, including members of the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules. We showed in the companion paper that a member of the cadherin family (zebrafish R-cadherin) is expressed in retinal ganglion cells, and in presumptive visual structures in zebrafish brain, during periods when the axons were actively extending toward their targets. The present study extends the earlier work by using 1,18-dioctadecyl-3,3,38,38, tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) anterograde tracing techniques to label retinal ganglion cell axons combined with R-cadherin in situ hybridization to explicitly examine the association of retinal axons and brain regions expressing R-cadherin message. We found that in zebrafish embryos at 46‐54 hours postfertilization, DiI-labeled retinal axons were closely associated with cells expressing R-cadherin message in the hypothalamus, the pretectum, and the anterolateral optic tectum. These results demonstrate that R-cadherin is appropriately distributed to play a role in regulating development of the zebrafish visual system, and in particular, pathfinding and synaptogenesis of retinal ganglion cell axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 410:290‐302, 1999. r 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hybrid Architectures of Metal Oxide Nanostructures Grown on Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

The ability to fabricate heterogeneous assemblies of nanostructures enables a wide variety of new materials for energy conversion and storage applications, including electrodes for high-performance batteries, capacitors, catalysts, and photovoltaics [1]. Specifically, three-dimensional (3D) hybrid architectures comprising functional metal oxide nanostructures on electrically conductive supports can create structurally durable and electrically addressable devices and materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [2] are particularly attractive as scaffolds and templates for addressing other types of nanostructures due to their high electrical conductivity and superb mechanical robustness. Further, among many metal oxide nanostructures, ZnO nanowires (NWs) [3] have drawn considerable research interest since they exhibit UV-sensitive photoelectricity and piezoelectricity, originating from a wide band-gap (≈ 3.37 eV), large exciton binding energy (≈ 60 meV), and a noncentral symmetric wurtzite crystal structure. We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of 3D hybrid architectures of ZnO NWs (ZNWs) grown on organized CNTs.
Comparative ectoparasite loads of five seabird species in the Galapagos Islands.

Abstract: In this paper we describe the ectoparasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) found on 5 species of seabirds (magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens; great frigatebird Fregata minor; Nazca booby Sula granti; blue-footed booby Sula nebouxii; and red-footed booby Sula sula) on the Galapagos Archipelago. We found 9 species of ectoparasitic lice: 5 species of Pectinopygus ischnocerans, 1 infesting each host; 2 species of Colpocephalum amblyceran lice, 1 on each frigatebird species; and 2 shared amblycerans, Eidmanniella albescens (Piaget, 1880) found on Nazca and blue-footed boobies and Fregatiella aurifasciata (Kellogg, 1899) found on the 2 frigatebirds. We tested the relative importance and interactions of host sex, body size, host, island, host family, and breeding status and found that inter-island differences were the main predictors of prevalence and infestation intensity. These differences could be related to host density or weather, but further evidence is needed.
Agronomic and economic performance of wheat and canola-based double-crop systems

Double-cropping provides a method of diversifying the rotation, maximizing production, and increasing the profit potential of a cropping system. We assessed agronomic and economic performance of five alternative crops in comparison to the no-till wheat-soybean double-cropping system prevalent in the southern Corn Belt. Canola has shown potential as a profitable winter crop, but its effects on the subsequent crop in a no-till double-crop system required further study. Amaranth, buckwheat, sunflower, and pearl millet were planted after the harvest of canola or wheat, or after fallow. Alternative double-crop grain yield, production costs, and net returns were compared with those of double-crop soybean. Wheat yielded more than canola. Sunflower grain yields did not differ significantly after winter-crop treatments at any site. Yields of amaranth, buckwheat, soybean, and pearl millet differed after winter crops at some sites. At three study yield levels, net returns were positive and greatest for double-crop wheat-amaranth, canola-amaranth, wheat-sunflower, and canola-sunflower systems. All double-crop systems except canolapearl millet had positive net returns at median study yield levels. Low or negative net returns resulted from the combination of low yield and low price for some double crops. Canola was shown to be an economically feasible alternative to wheat in a doublecropping system for central and southern Missouri. Buckwheat and sunflower were shown to be agronomically and economically competitive alternatives to soybean following either canola or winter wheat, with buckwheat most valuable in late-season planting conditions.
A Theory of Error-Rate Testing

We have entered an era where chip yields are decreasing with scaling. A new concept called intelligible testing has been previously proposed with the goal of reversing this trend for classes of systems which do not require completely error-free operation. Such error tolerant applications include audio, speech, graphics, video, and digital communications. Analyses of such applications have identified error rate as one of the key metrics for error severity, where error rate is defined as the percentage of vectors for which the value at outputs deviates from the corresponding error-free value. In error-rate testing, every fault with an error rate less than a threshold specified by the application is called an acceptable fault; all other faults are called unacceptable. The objective of error-rate testing is to detect every unacceptable fault while detecting none of the acceptable faults. In this paper we develop a theory of error-rate testing. First we study fanout-free circuits with primitive gates and identify new relationships between error rates and fault equivalence and dominance, develop a new test generation procedure, and prove that in such circuits it is possible to detect every unacceptable fault without detecting any acceptable fault. We then analyze more general circuits, including those containing complex gates and fanouts, and show that the above result may not hold for such circuits. We then use a modified version of a classical test generator and a classical fault simulator to obtain empirical data that show that even in arbitrary circuits, it is possible to detect every unacceptable fault while detecting only a fraction of acceptable faults.
Internet sales of cigarettes to minors.

ContextThere is growing concern that the Internet might become a source of tobacco products for minors. Although researchers have studied tobacco sales to minors at retail outlets for more than a decade, there are no published studies of tobacco sales to minors via the Internet.ObjectiveTo determine the proportion of Internet cigarette vendors that will sell cigarettes to minors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study conducted in April-July 2001. Under adult supervision, 4 adolescents aged 11 to 15 years attempted to purchase cigarettes via 55 Internet cigarette vendors located in 12 states. These minors made a total of 83 purchase attempts, paying by credit card (n = 47) and by money order (n = 36).Main Outcome MeasureProportion of Internet cigarette vendors that sold cigarettes to minors.ResultsMinors successfully received cigarettes for 93.6% of credit card purchase attempts and for 88.9% of money order purchase attempts. Age was never verified for any of these deliveries. Internet vendors sent a total of 1650 packs of cigarettes to the underage adolescents in this study.ConclusionMinors appear to have easy access to cigarettes via the Internet because many Internet vendors have weak or nonexistent age verification procedures.
Compatibility of ITER candidate materials with static gallium

Corrosion tests have been conducted to determine the compatibility of gallium with candidate structural materials for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) first wall/blanket systems, e.g., Type 316 stainless steel (SS), Inconel 625, and Nb-5 Mo-1 Zr. The results indicate that Type 316 SS is least resistant to corrosion in static gallium and Nb-5 Mo-1 Zr alloy is most resistant. At 400/spl deg/C, corrosion rates for Type 316 SS, Inconel 625, and Nb-5 Mo-1 Zr alloy are /spl ap/4.0, 0.5, and 0.03 mm/yr, respectively. Iron, nickel, and chromium react rapidly with gallium. Iron shows greater corrosion than nickel at 400/spl deg/C (/spl ges/88 and 18 mm/yr, respectively). The present study indicates that at temperatures up to 400/spl deg/C, corrosion occurs primarily by dissolution and is accompanied by formation of metal/gallium intermetallic compounds. The growth of intermetallic compounds may control the overall rate of corrosion.
Identifying Model of Industry Clusters Life Cycle Based on RS-ANN

On the basis of integration of rough sets (RS) and RBF Artificial neural network (ANN), a model is constructed to identify the industry clusters life cycle. Firstly, the continuous attribute values are discretized using fuzzy clustering algorithm based on maximum discernibility value (MDV) search method and information entropy. And then the major attributes are reduced by rough sets. At last, taking 138 industry clusters as samples, the RBF neural network is trained with training samples and life cycle stages of testing samples are identified. The empirical results show that the fuzzy clustering algorithm based on MDV and information entropy can improve the discretization performance effectively, and the integration model of rough sets and neural network, the predicting precision of which is high, is an efficient and practical tool to identify industry clusters life cycle.
Femtosecond X-ray pulses from a frequency-chirped SASE FEL

We discuss the temporal and spectral properties of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) utilizing an energy-chirped electron beam. A short temporal pulse is generated by using a monochromator to select a narrow radiation bandwidth from the frequency-chirped SASE. For the filtered radiation, the minimum pulse length is limited by the intrinsic SASE bandwidth, while the number of modes and the energy fluctuation can be controlled through the monochromator bandwidth. Two cases are considered: (1) placing the monochromator at the end of a single long undulator; (2) placing the monochromator after an initial undulator and amplifying the short-duration output in a second undulator. We analyze these cases and show that tens of femtosecond X-ray pulses may be generated for the linac coherent light source.
Counseling the Hispanic Client: Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans.

This article describes a general framework that may be used when counseling Cuban American, Mexican American, and Puerto Rican clients. The psychological and sociocultural characteristics of these populations are described. Both differences and similarities among the 3 groups are reviewed. The identification of the client's worldview, cultural values, and family values provides a specific framework for counseling these clients. Specific and general guidelines are provided for the psychological assessment of Cuban American, Mexican American, and Puerto Rican clients.
Advanced 'contact engineering' for submicron VLSI multilevel metallization

Two contact engineering methods developed for submicron contact openings are described. The two methods, SCOPE (simultaneous contact and planarization etch) and PACE (planarization after contact etch), interchange the process sequences of dielectric planarization and contact etch to achieve uniform contact etch. Both etching processes eliminate the need for oxide reflow thereby minimizing the thermal budget after source/drain formation. Since the dielectric is planarized either during the contact etch (e.g., with SCOPE) or after contact etch (e.g., with PACE), the need for extensive overetching of the oxide due to the dissimilar contact depths is also eliminated. As a result, contact resistance and leakage currents are significantly reduced in comparison to results obtained with dielectrics planarized before etching. In addition, etching of field oxide due to pattern misalignment is minimized since the contacts are of similar depth. >
Five Syndromes (Malformation Complexes) of Pulmonary Symmetry, Congenital Heart Disease, and Multiple Spleens

The most common multiple anomaly complex with pulmonary isomerism and congenital heart disease is the Ivemark asplenia syndrome.’ Regular features of this disorder include: pulmonary isomerism of right lung type, with three lobar bronchi in each lung; congenital heart disease, typically single ventricle and functionally common atria, with the great arteries in the position of transposition, plus pulmonic stenosis or atresia; anomalous pulmonary venous connection and anomalous systemic venous patterns; abnormal visceral situs, with intestinal malrotation and symmetric liver; absence of the spleen; two-thirds predominance of male sex and right aortic arch.2 The proposal that the Ivemark syndrome is the result of “bilateral right-~idedness”~ is supported by: 1. Pulmonary isomerism of right lung type 2. Absence of the spleen, which is the only major viscus that develops entirely on the left side of the body 3. Symmetric entry of the right and left superior venae cavae into the right and left atrial chambers, both of which have the anatomy of right atria4 4. High frequency of extracardiac pulmonary venous connection.2 (In the sense that both atria are embryologically right atria, into which pulmonary veins do not normally enter, both cardiac and extracardiac venous connections are embryologically anomalous in this disorder.)
An experiment on evolutionary design of combinational logic circuits using information theory

This paper explores an approach in which information theory is applied to the evolvable hardware field for auto-design and optimization of combinational logic circuits. In our exploratory experiment, two combinational circuits were extrinsically evolved using genetic programming as the evolutionary algorithm and mutual information as the fitness function. In our experiment using MATLAB, we demonstrated that the proposed method could find all-NAND solutions for circuits, which has not been reported in the literature.
Report of a three-year study on the systemic and articular indexes in rheumatoid arthritis; theoretic and clinical considerations

The author's methods of systemic and articular indexes have been an important advance in the field of evaluating disease activity and response to therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The present paper summarizes his experience with these methods and his present views on this controversial subject.
The need-driven dementia-compromised behavior model-- a framework for understanding the behavioral symptoms of dementia.

By the year 2030, one in every three people on earth will be age 60 or over and at risk for dementia (United Nations, 1999). Currently there is no cure for dementia so many individuals require exte...
“I Have a Voice”: Despatialization, Multiple Alterities and the Digital Performance of Jbala Women of Northern Morocco

The Jbala region of northern of Morocco is one that defies easy categorization, containing dialects, styles of dress and performance genres not found elsewhere. Jbala women, “mountain women”, are often the stuff of folklore and are well known for an inimitable form of local zajal , spoken poetry delivered in Derrija, or Moroccan Arabic. ‘Ayoua is a form of poetry that is traditionally sung outdoors as a way to help pass the monotony of daily gendered tasks such as agricultural work and herding animals and is also used to venerate local saints. This paper focuses on the shift of ‘Ayoua and Jbala women and the genre of ‘Ayoua as it moves from agricultural fields to small local recording studios to the digital spaces of Facebook and YouTube interviews and concert performances.
Productivity Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences

The article reviews the books & "Productivity Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences,& " by Arthur P. Brief and & "Productivity: Problems, Prospects, and Policies,& " by Sar A. Levitan and Diane Werneke.
Amelioration of murine sickle cell disease by nonablative conditioning and γ-globin gene-corrected bone marrow cells

Patients with severe sickle cell disease (SCD) are candidates for gene therapy using autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but concomitant multi-organ disease may contraindicate pretransplant conditioning with full myeloablation. We tested whether nonmyeloablative conditioning, a regimen used successfully for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation of adult SCD patients, allows engraftment of γ-globin gene-corrected cells to a therapeutic level in the Berkeley mouse model of SCD. Animals transplanted according to this regimen averaged 35% engraftment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells with an average vector copy < 2.0. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels ranged from 20 to 44% of total hemoglobin and approximately two-thirds of circulating red blood cells expressed HbF detected by immunofluorescence (F-cells). Gene therapy treatment of SCD mice ameliorated anemia, reduced hyperleukocytosis, improved renal function, and reduced iron accumulation in liver, spleen, and kidneys. Thus, modest levels of chimerism with donor cells expressing high levels of HbF from an insulated γ-globin lentiviral vector can improve the pathology of SCD in mice, thereby illustrating a potentially safe and effective strategy for gene therapy in humans.
Rediscovering the Authentic Scholarly Self: A call for change in academia

The demand for change within academia has grown substantially over the last four decades. This has resulted in in numerous calls to expand and refine what it means to be a scholar. Despite these ca...
The Rise and Decline of the Ariel-Caliban Antithesis in Spanish America

Seldom has a literary device had such international political resonance as the famous Ariel-Caliban contraposition of Jose Enrique Rodo's essay. In the decades immediately following its publication in 1900 Ariel was an exceptionally valued credo for Spanish American youth, not only for its intrinsic grace, but also because it provided a timely answer to a widespread need. To a generation depressed by the frequently pessimistic conclusions of racist doctrines and an uneasy sense of inferiority, and irked by the admonitions of ninteenthcentury “Nordomaniacs,” Ariel offered in sonorous periods a set of values assumed to be peculiarly Latin and therefore the patrimony of Latin America. As Alberto Zum Felde says, “It was the longed-for reply of this weak backward America to the Titanic potentiality of the North: its self-justification, its compensation, its retaliation.” Luis Alberto Sanchez's generation must have derived, as he says he did, its primary image of the United States from Ariel. Arturo Torres-Rioseco describes it as “the ethical gospel of the Spanish-speaking world.”
Principles of management of fractures in sports.

Fractures in athletes are not uncommon. Normal anatomic and functional restoration of the extremity is usually required to allow return to maximum athletic activity. This requires a well-designed plan of fracture treatment following sound biomechanical principles, which includes early soft-tissue rehabilitation.
SU-F-T-653: Radiation Exposure from Cs-131 Permanent Seed Implants

Purpose: Permanent seed implants have traditionally been used to treat prostate, lung and head or neck cancers using I-125 and Pd-103. Cs-131, which has higher dose rate is being used to treat brain, head and/or neck cancers in our clinic, therefore, we chose to monitor the dose received by surgeons during the extensive procedure. The aims of this work are to assess the level of radiation exposure to surgeons and the instantaneous exposure at bedside and 1 m from patients. Methods: Ten patients received Cs-131 implants for recurrent brain,head and/or neck cancer; the median implanted activity, number of implanted seeds and prescription dose at 0.5 cm from the perpendicular plane of the implant were: 54.3 mCi (14.52 – 77); 19 (4 – 24) and 60 Gy (range 42 – 60) respectively. Radiation exposure was recorded at bedside and 1 m from the patient using Victoreen ion chamber (Fluke Biomedical, Cleveland, OH). Exposure to surgeons was measured using TLD (Mirion Technologies (GDS), Inc., USA). Results: The median equivalent dose rate at 1 m and bedside immediately following implantation were 1.49×10-2 mSv/h (8.77×10-3–2.63×10-2) and 7.76×10-2 mSv/h (3.1×10-2– 1.53×10-1) respectively. Median equivalent dose to surgeons’ hands was 0.60 mSv (0.33 – 1.48) and no doses were detected for whole-body. Surgical reconstruction for one patient was performed 71 days post-implant and resulted in zero exposure to surgeons. Conclusion: The recorded exposure rates were low when compared with the literature. Post procedure surveys at bed site and 1 m indicated that all patients were within safe limits for discharge (< 0.05 mSv/h at 1 m). However, as a precautionary measure, patients were advised to avoid direct contact with children and pregnant women within four weeks of the implant and stay at least at 3 ft from other people. Surgeons doses were well within occupational dose limits.
Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis

The world—or at least a large part of it—has let out a big collective sigh of relief. A year ago, at the time of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund annual meetings, there was a real fear of the global financial crisis spinning out of control, devastating not only countries in the developing world, but even encroaching upon the prosperity of developed countries. By then, it was already clear that the rhetoric of the previous year—that countries with weak policies and institutions were the ones that faced economic and financial collapse—was hardly apposite: Even the poster child countries that had followed “sound policies” and had been working to establish “strong institutions” were finding it nigh impossible to raise capital, and if they did, it was at exorbitant interest rates.
Reproducibility of heart rate variability characteristics measured on random 10-second ECG using joint symbolic dynamics

In this paper we employed joint symbolic dynamics (JSD) approach to study reproducibility of heart rate variability characteristics measured on 2 randomly selected 10-second segments within 3-minute resting orthogonal ECG in 170 healthy participants. First, the ECG R-peaks were detected using parabolic fitting. Second, the respiratory signal was derived from orthogonal ECG X-lead using QRS slopes. Third, time series of R-R intervals and respiratory phases (calculated using Hilbert transform), were transformed into tertiary symbol vectors based on their successive changes and words of length ‘3’ were formed. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between measured log-transformed JSD characteristics of HRV, and their reproducibility. Traditional HRV measures such as RR' interval changes showed a very high reproducibility. However, agreement between two 10-second JSD indices of HRV was low. Interestingly, a significant decrease in low-high alterations of HRV dynamics measured using JSD was observed when respiratory phase transition intervals were excluded (10s: 4.7±9.4 vs. 24.8±21.0%, p<0.0001; 3min: 9.8±8.1 vs. 24.8±12.3%, p<0.0001).
Stochastic feeding dynamics arise from the need for information and energy

Animals regulate their food intake in response to the available level of food. Recent observations of feeding dynamics in small animals showed feeding patterns of bursts and pauses, but their function is unknown. Here, we present a data-driven decision-theoretical model of feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans Our central assumption is that food intake serves a dual purpose: to gather information about the external food level and to ingest food when the conditions are good. The model recapitulates experimentally observed feeding patterns. It naturally implements trade-offs between speed versus accuracy and exploration versus exploitation in responding to a dynamic environment. We find that the model predicts three distinct regimes in responding to a dynamical environment, with a transition region where animals respond stochastically to periodic signals. This stochastic response accounts for previously unexplained experimental data.
Method to reduce overvoltage on AC motor insulation from inverters with ultra-long cable

Stator insulation guidelines for allowable dv/dt and peak over-voltage such as NEMA MG-1, Part 31 and GAMBICA are well established. To meet these guidelines inverter output reactors are often used to reduce motor dv/dt and peak over-voltages for inverters with short output cables. However, an output reactor solution using ultra-long motor cables actually substantially increases motor peak over-voltage to damaging levels, depending on drive modulation strategy, carrier frequency and cable characteristics. Thus, an improved output [L-R] filter solution method is described using small 3%–5% output inductor with specially selected parallel damping resistors to reduce motor reflected wave overvoltage having cables up to and beyond 2,000 ft. AC drive modulation factors and motor cable characteristics contributing to the overvoltage transient are first described. Ineffectiveness of output reactor alone solutions is analyzed using theoretical model and simulation results. Effectiveness of output [L-R] filters to mitigate motor overvoltage is also analyzed, simulated, and demonstrated with experiment results. This paper provides guidelines for selecting reactor impedance rating and damping resistor power rating to keep motor PWM overvoltage transients to < 1.3x dc bus, as transmission line cable model length increases to 2,000 ft. Finally, the paper defines the maximum allowable ultra-long cable length limit where even [L-R] filters become ineffective under a pulsed modulated power source, and which sinewave output filters are then required.
Long term stability of Li-S batteries using high concentration lithium nitrate electrolytes

Abstract The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is a very promising candidate for the next generation of energy storage systems required for electrical vehicles and grid energy storage applications due to its very high theoretical specific energy (2500 W h kg−1). However, low Coulombic efficiency (CE) during repeated Li metal plating/stripping has severely limited the practical application of rechargeable Li-S batteries. In this work, a new electrolyte system based on a high concentration of LiNO3 in diglyme (G2) solvent is developed which enables an exceptionally high CE for Li metal plating/stripping and thus high stability of the Li anode in the sulfur-containing electrolyte. The tailoring of electrolyte properties for the Li anode has proven to be a highly successful strategy for improving the capacity retention and cycle life of Li-S batteries. This electrolyte provides a CE of greater than 99% for over 200 cycles of Li plating/stripping. In contrast, the Li anode cycles for less than 35 cycles (with a high CE) in the state-of-the-art 1 M LiTFSI + 0.3 M LiNO3 in 1,3-dioxolane:1,2-dimethoxyethane (DOL:DME) electrolyte under the same conditions. The stable Li anode enabled by the new electrolyte may accelerate the applications of high energy density Li-S batteries in both electrical vehicles and large-scale grid energy storage markets.
Does microtargeting matter? Campaign contact strategies and young voters

In recent elections, campaigns have based their contact decisions on individual microtargeted propensity scores generated using “Big Data” rather than the more traditional geographic-based contacti...
Disparities Associated With Inpatient Palliative Care Utilization by Patients With Metastatic Gynecologic Cancers: A Study of 3337 Women.

Objective:To determine the factors associated with inpatient palliative care (PC) use in patients with metastatic gynecologic cancer.Methods:Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample ...
Docetaxel followed by temsirolimus in suppression of mTOR pathway.

e13535 Background: Mammalian target of rapamicin(mTOR) is a downstream regulatory protein of the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. This is a common pathway for a several cell surface receptors including IGFR (Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor) and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor). The activation of these receptors through PI3K/Akt pathway is essential in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis process. Several therapeutic agents that inhibit these receptors have shown to be active in the treatment of diverse types of cancers. Docetaxel (D) is commonly used in the treatment of lung cancer. We demonstrated previously that the sequence of D followed by mTOR inhibition using temsirolimus (T) in lung cancer cell lines (LCCL) had synergistic effect in suppressing cell proliferation compared with T→D. The exact mechanism of this effect is unknown. We studied the expression of mTOR, Raptor and PI3K in these cell lines treated in different time points to investigate the activity of this pa...
Balancing Privacy and Information Disclosure in Interactive Record Linkage with Visual Masking

Effective use of data involving personal or sensitive information often requires different people to have access to personal information, which significantly reduces the personal privacy of those whose data is stored and increases risk of identity theft, data leaks, or social engineering attacks. Our research studies the tradeoffs between privacy and utility of personal information for human decision making. Using a record-linkage scenario, this paper presents a controlled study of how varying degrees of information availability influences the ability to effectively use personal information. We compared the quality of human decision-making using a visual interface that controls the amount of personal information available using visual markup to highlight data discrepancies. With this interface, study participants who viewed only 30% of data content had decision quality similar to those who had full 100% access. The results demonstrate that it is possible to greatly limit the amount of personal information available to human decision makers without negatively affecting utility or human effectiveness. However, the findings also show there is a limit to how much data can be hidden before negatively influencing the quality of judgment in decisions involving person-level data. Despite the reduced accuracy with extreme data hiding, the study demonstrates that with proper interface designs, many correct decisions can be made with even legally de-identified data that is fully masked (74.5% accuracy with fully-masked data compared to 84.1% with full access). Thus, when legal requirements only allow for de-identified data access, use of well-designed interface can significantly improve data utility.
Adaptive deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease using motor cortex sensing.

Objective. Contemporary deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease is delivered continuously, and adjustments based on patient's changing symptoms must be made manually by a trained clinician. Patients may be subjected to energy intensive settings at times when they are not needed, possibly resulting in stimulation-induced adverse effects, such as dyskinesia. One solution is 'adaptive' DBS, in which stimulation is modified in real time based on neural signals that co-vary with the severity of motor signs or of stimulation-induced adverse effects. Here we show the feasibility of adaptive DBS using a fully implanted neural prosthesis. Approach. We demonstrate adaptive deep brain stimulation in two patients with Parkinson's disease using a fully implanted neural prosthesis that is enabled to utilize brain sensing to control stimulation amplitude (Activa PC + S). We used a cortical narrowband gamma (60–90 Hz) oscillation related to dyskinesia to decrease stimulation voltage when gamma oscillatory activity is high (indicating dyskinesia) and increase stimulation voltage when it is low. Main results. We demonstrate the feasibility of 'adaptive deep brain stimulation' in two patients with Parkinson's disease. In short term in-clinic testing, energy savings were substantial (38%–45%), and therapeutic efficacy was maintained. Significance. This is the first demonstration of adaptive DBS in Parkinson's disease using a fully implanted device and neural sensing. Our approach is distinct from other strategies utilizing basal ganglia signals for feedback control.
Twelve-Step Treatment from a Development Perspective

This article describes important developmental issues that should be considered when treating substance-abusing adolescents in a 12-step program.
Rusk, Howard A

American internist and rehabilitation medicine pioneer Howard A. Rusk (1901–89) was fundamentally responsible for the development of comprehensive multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation in the US Army Air Forces and later across all of the US military services during World War II. Rusk's efforts during and after the war were also instrumental in the development of rehabilitation medicine as a medical specialty, and in the implementation of comprehensive neurorehabilitation for stroke, spinal cord injury, and other neurological conditions in civilian populations after World War II.
Optimized probability sampling of study sites to improve generalizability in a multisite intervention trial.

INTRODUCTION Studies of type 2 translation, the adaption of evidence-based interventions to real-world settings, should include representative study sites and staff to improve external validity. Sites for such studies are, however, often selected by convenience sampling, which limits generalizability. We used an optimized probability sampling protocol to select an unbiased, representative sample of study sites to prepare for a randomized trial of a weight loss intervention. METHODS We invited North Carolina health departments within 200 miles of the research center to participate (N = 81). Of the 43 health departments that were eligible, 30 were interested in participating. To select a representative and feasible sample of 6 health departments that met inclusion criteria, we generated all combinations of 6 from the 30 health departments that were eligible and interested. From the subset of combinations that met inclusion criteria, we selected 1 at random. RESULTS Of 593,775 possible combinations of 6 counties, 15,177 (3%) met inclusion criteria. Sites in the selected subset were similar to all eligible sites in terms of health department characteristics and county demographics. CONCLUSION Optimized probability sampling improved generalizability by ensuring an unbiased and representative sample of study sites.
Sensitivity of neutron observables to the model input in simulations of 252 Cf (sf )

Within the framework of $\mathtt{FREYA}$ event-by-event fission simulations, we study the sensitivity of various neutron observables to the input yield function $Y(A,Z,\mathrm{TKE})$ on which the fission event sampling is based. We first perform a statistical analysis of the available fission data in order to determine the distribution of possible yield functions $Y(A,Z,\mathrm{TKE})$ and we then construct a sample of 15 000 such yield functions. For each of these, $\mathtt{FREYA}$ is used to generate one million fission events, leading to a corresponding ensemble of fission observables, including the neutron multiplicity distribution and its factorial moments, the neutron energy spectrum, and the neutron-neutron angular correlation. This procedure allows us to study the sensitivity of those neutron observables to the uncertainty in the experimental data. Particular attention is given to the pronounced anticorrelation between the mean neutron multiplicity $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ and the mean total fragment kinetic energy $\overline{\mathrm{TKE}}$. Because the former observable is very well determined experimentally, it is possible to exploit that inherent anticorrelation to derive a significantly stricter tolerance on $\overline{\mathrm{TKE}}$. In addition, we study the sensitivity to the various $\mathtt{FREYA}$ parameters and we introduce a method for determining a $A$-dependent $x$ parameter, $x(A)$, based on the measured $A$-dependent neutron multiplicity, $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}(A)$.