cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P6-09-05: No evidence of association between mammographic breast density and risk of breast cancer in women with atypical hyperplasia

Background Women with atypical hyperplasia (AH) are at an approximately four-fold increased risk of subsequent breast cancer (BC). Mammographic breast density (MBD) is a well-established risk factor for BC, but its contribution to BC risk in women with AH remains an open question. We previously reported no association between MBD [measured by Wolfe9s parenchymal pattern (PP)] and BC risk in a cohort of 147 women with AH. Here, we present results in an expanded cohort of 459 women diagnosed with AH between 1985 and 2001. Methods The Mayo Clinic Benign Breast Disease Cohort includes 13,485 women who had benign core and/or excisional biopsy 1967-2001. Biopsy tissues were reviewed by our study pathologist to determine presence of AH. MBD was available from clinical records starting in 1985, coded as PP (the standard for 1985-1996) or BI-RADS (1997-2001) density criteria. The original four-level PP (N1-fatty, P1-ductal prominence 25%, DY-dysplasia) and BI-RADS (fatty, scattered densities, heterogeneously dense, extremely dense) measures were re-categorized as low, moderate or high MBD by combining the middle two categories for each. BC events and clinical information were obtained by questionnaires, medical records and the Mayo Clinic Tumor Registry. Women were followed from benign biopsy to date of BC, death or last contact. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were generated overall and within subgroups defined by density measure (PP vs. BI-RADS), number of atypical foci, and BMI by dividing the observed number of BCs by population-based expected values. Cox regression was used to estimate MBD hazard ratios after adjustment for demographic and clinical variables. Results Of the 551 women diagnosed with AH between 1985 and 2001, 459 (83%) had MBD data within 1 year prior to biopsy. Of these, 68 (15%) had low, 221 (48%) had moderate, and 170 (37%) had high MBD, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 11.7 years, 80 BCs were observed. SIRs for breast cancer did not differ significantly across density categories, overall or within any subgroups examined (see Table). Cox regression adjusting for age, BMI and density measure (PP vs. BI-RADS) also failed to identify an association with MBD (p=0.55). Conclusions We found no evidence of an association between MBD and subsequent BC in women with AH. Citation Format: Vierkant RA, Degnim AC, Hartmann LC, Frank RD, Radisky DC, Visscher DW, Frost MH, Winham SJ, Ghosh K, Vachon CM. No evidence of association between mammographic breast density and risk of breast cancer in women with atypical hyperplasia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-05.
Systematic Review of Integrated General Medical and Psychiatric Self-Management Interventions for Adults With Serious Mental Illness

Objective:Adults with serious mental illness are disproportionately affected by general medical comorbidity, earlier onset of disease, and premature mortality. Integrated self-management interventions have been developed to address both general medical and psychiatric illnesses. This systematic review examined evidence about the effect of self-management interventions that target both general medical and psychiatric illnesses and evaluated the potential for implementation.Methods:Databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, were searched for articles published between 1946 and July 2015. Studies evaluating integrated general medical and psychiatric self-management interventions for adults with schizophrenia spectrum or mood disorders and general medical comorbidity were included.Results:Fifteen studies (nine randomized controlled trials and six pre-post designs) reported on nine interventions: automated telehealth, Health and Recovery Peer program, Helping Old...
Advice: Expanding the Communication Paradigm

Advice is a ubiquitous form of support and influence, exchanged in diverse contexts. Communication scholars have examined how advice recipients evaluate advice, but have done less to explore the breadth of effects it can have. We contrast the “message paradigm” for advice research with three alternative paradigms, each developed primarily by scholars from other disciplines. We then spotlight five directions for future research, integrating elements of the alternative paradigms with communication questions, perspectives, and methods of inquiry. By acquainting our discipline with existing theory and research on advice, we encourage bolder exploration of this consequential interpersonal phenomenon.
Atypical TRP Channel Pharmacology in Schistosomes

Parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma cause schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting over 200 million people. Only one drug is available for treatment and control, and there is an urgent need for new or repurposed antischistosomal agents. Ion channels are validated targets for current anthelmintics, but the roles and pharmacological sensitivities of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are essentially unexplored in schistosomes and other parasitic helminths. We are using TRP channel modulators, RNA interference, and heterologous expression to examine the function and pharmacology of TRP channels in schistosomes. Though the S. mansoni genome predicts representatives of most TRP channel subfamilies, TRPV channels are notably absent. Despite this lack of TRPV-like channels, both adult and larval schistosomes exhibit dramatic hyperactivity in response to selective activators of mammalian TRPV1 such as capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. Capsaicin also causes rapid separation of paired adult males and females, perhaps indicative of a nociceptive response. The response to capsaicin is blocked by selective TRPV1 antagonists, further evidence for TRPV1-like pharmacology. Surprisingly, the capsaicin-induced hyperactivity in adult worms is virtually eliminated by knockdown of SmTRPA, a schistosome TRPA1-like channel. The TRPA1 activator AITC also elicits significant hyperactivity that is abolished by knockdown of SmTRPA1, indicating that SmTRPA exhibits mixed TRPV1/TRPA1-like pharmacology. Consistent with this hypothesis, exposure of SmTRPA-expressing mammalian cells to capsaicin or AITC elicits an influx of calcium, as measured by Fura-2 ratiometric imaging. These results suggest that some TRPV1-mediated sensory functions may be fulfilled by schistosome TRP channels from other subfamilies, and that at least one schistosome TRP channel has atypical pharmacological sensitivities that could be selectively targeted for development of new antischistosomal therapeutics. Other schistosome TRP channels might also be exploitable for targeting.
L-CNN: Exploiting labeling latency in a CNN learning framework

A supervised learning system requires labeled data during the training phase. Obtaining labels can be an expensive process, especially in medical imaging applications where a qualified expert may be needed to carefully analyze images and annotate them. This constrains the amount of labeled data available. This study explores the possibility of incorporating labeling behavior (viz., labeling latency) in a supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) framework in order to improve its performance in the presence of limited labeled data. The problem of “spot” detection in MRI scans is considered in this work. In this two-class problem, (a) labeling behavior is available only during the training phase unlike traditional features that are available both during training and testing; and (b) the labeling behavior is associated with only one class (the positive samples) unlike other side information that is available for all classes. To address these issues, a new CNN architecture referred to as L-CNN is designed. The proposed method utilizes the labeling behavior of the expert to cluster the labeled data into multiple categories; a source CNN is then trained to distinguish between these categories. Next, a transfer learning paradigm is used where a target CNN is initialized using this source CNN and its weights updated with the limited labeled data that is available. Experimental results on an existing MRI database show that the proposed L-CNN performs better than a conventional CNN and, further, significantly outperforms the previous state-of-the-art, thereby establishing a new baseline for “spot” detection in MRI.
mTOR in Multiple Sclerosis: The Emerging Role in the Regulation of Glial Biology

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which neuroinflammation, sustained mostly by lymphocytes and activated glial cells, leads to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and often to permanent disability. The mTOR kinase appears to play a key role in disease pathogenesis, due to its involvement in the regulation of both peripheral and central immune responses. Consistently, mTOR inhibitors exert beneficial effects in different experimental models of MS, due to their ability to reduce T-cell activation, increase T-regulatory cell function and modulate glial responses. In addition, the pathway has been emerging as a central regulator of oligodendrocyte development and myelination, thus suggesting that activation of mTOR in this lineage can foster remyelination after injury. In summary, mTOR may be a novel molecular target to develop effective treatments for MS, which can include selective inhibition or enhancement of mTOR activity in different cell types.
Institutional Support, Programs, and Policies for Postdoctoral Training

Abstract Traditionally, a postdoctoral position in the biomedical sciences, physical sciences, or engineering was the logical next step after completing a doctoral degree on the path to becoming an independent professor. Recent statistics, however, show that only 15% to 20% of PhD graduates attained tenure-track positions within 5 years of earning their doctoral degree (Stephan, 2013; NSF, 2016 Report). Thus, the majority of postdocs pursue nonfaculty careers, necessitating new strategies for optimizing their professional training. This chapter focuses on some of the multifaceted issues (beyond research alone) facing both postdocs and their support system. It is intended to help all involved (postdocs, faculty, institutional leadership, and administration) to appreciate the challenges of effective mentoring and the many perspectives from which postdoctoral training can be viewed. Some key challenges that postdocs confront include self-assessment and identification of additional skills that improve their candidacy for particular jobs, work–life balance, and resources for enhancing their training. The postdoctoral office has emerged as an institutional agent to promote productive discourse between postdoctoral trainees and institutional stakeholders. The office serves as a centralized resource for the institution by: (1) offering career and professional development programs that complement the research training, (2) providing resources and networking opportunities to inform postdocs about various PhD career paths, (3) improving the quality of the postdoctoral experience through support and policy, and (4) tracking career outcomes once the postdocs leave the institution. In addition to institutional support, policy, and programs, this chapter recommends that continued conversations among all key stakeholders are necessary to efficiently utilize a highly trained workforce and to promote their continued development.
Left–Right Asymmetry: Myosin 1D at the Center

While a ciliated organizer generates vertebrate left-right asymmetry, most invertebrates lack an organizer and instead utilize a myosin-based mechanism. A recent study now reveals that this myosin mechanism is conserved in the vertebrate organizer and functions to regulate cilia.
Effects of Environmental Metal and Metalloid Pollutants on Human Health

There is no doubt that exposure of humans to high concentrations of metal and metalloid compounds results in the development of specific diseases and in some cases death. Blackfoot disease, hard metal lung disease, itai-itai and Minamata disease are well characterized diseases that are associated with metal exposure. Acute or chronic exposure to metal and metalloid compounds can result in damage to essentially all organ systems. Metal and metalloid ions are hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and neurotoxic. They can adversely effect the functioning of the endrocrine, hematopoietic, immune, respiratory and reproductive systems. In today’s society, however, exposure to high, cytotoxic concentrations of metal or metalloid compounds is extremely rare. Conversely, everyone is chronically exposed to low non-lethal concentrations of metal and metalloid compounds. While concerns have been raised regarding the potential health risks associated with such exposure, this concept remains controversial. In this chapter, information is presented concerning the potential role(s) that low non-lethal concentrations of metal and metalloid pollutants may have in certain human disease.
Reichenbach, Hans (1891–1953)

Hans Reichenbach (1891–1953), best known for work on probability, gave one of the first logical analyses of ordinary language after C. S. Peirce. Besides his lifetime work on time and space in Einstein's theory of relativity, Reichenbach contributed the verifiability theory of meaning to the philosophy of language.
Intramolecular Dynamics in the Quasiperiodic and Stochastic Regimes

Nonlinear dynamics has been the subject of intense study in recent years. In this review article, we present a summary of our recent work in this field, in which nonlinear dynamics is applied to problems involving molecular behavior. Four aspects are described: (1) semiclassical methods for the calculation of bound-state eigenvalues, (2) classical spectra and correlation functions in the quasiperiodic and “chaotic” regimes, (3) “chaotic” behavior in quantum mechanics, and (4) applications to collisional and laser interactions.
Proteomic and mRNA expression analysis identifies PDL-1 expression as a marker of treatment failure in head and neck cancer.

6042Background: With the exception of human papilloma virus (HPV), there are no effective biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer (HNSCC). To identify novel biomarkers in HPV-negative HNSCC we utilized ...
Brd4's Bromodomains Mediate Histone H3 Acetylation and Chromatin Remodeling in Pluripotent Cells through P300 and Brg1

The pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is defined by its transcriptome and epigenome. The chromatin reader Brd4 determines ESC identity. Although Brd4 regulation in gene transcription has been well described, its contribution to the chromatin landscape is less known. Here, we show that Brd4's bromodomains partner with the histone acetyltransferase P300, increasing its enzymatic activities. Augmenting histone acetylation by Brd4-P300 interaction recruits the chromatin remodeler Brg1 altering chromatin structure. This pathway is important for maintaining the expression and chromatin patterns of pluripotency-associated genes, such as Oct4, Nanog, and the X chromosome regulatory long noncoding RNAs Tsix and Xite. Furthermore, we show that the Brd4-P300 interaction regulates the de novo formation of chromatin marks during ESC differentiation, as exemplified by controlling the master regulators of mesoderm formation. Collectively, we delineate the function of Brd4 in organizing the chromatin structure that contributes to gene transcriptional regulation and cell fate determination.
A User Simulator Architecture for Socially-Aware Conversational Agents

Over the last two decades, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged the method of choice for data-driven dialog management. However, one of the limitations of RL methods for the optimization of dialog managers in the context of virtual conversational agents, is that they require a large amount of data, which is often unavailable, particularly when the dialog deals with complex discourse phenomena. User simulators help address this problem by generating synthetic data to train RL agents in an online fashion. In this work, we extend user simulators to the case of socially-aware conversational agents, that combine task and social functions. We propose a novel architecture that takes into consideration the user's conversational goals and generates both task and social behaviour. Our proposed architecture is general enough to be useful for training socially-aware conversational agents in any domain. As a proof of concept, we construct a user simulator for training a conversational recommendation agent and provide evidence towards the effectiveness of the approach.
Brief of Professor William S. Dodge as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellants, Simon v. Republic of Hungary

This amicus brief was filed with the D.C. Circuit in Simon v. Republic of Hungary, a case brought by Holocaust survivors under the expropriation exception of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act. The district court adopted a doctrine of prudential exhaustion, articulated by the Seventh Circuit, and held that plaintiffs were required to exhaust their domestic remedies in Hungary before bringing suit in the United States. The amicus brief argues that the district court erred in adopting prudential exhaustion as an available ground for dismissal in suits brought under the FSIA. First international law does not require exhaustion of local remedies before filing suit in the domestic courts of another country. The local remedies rule in customary international law requires exhaustion as a precondition only to exercising diplomatic protection or filing claims before an international tribunal. Second, international comity does not require extending an exhaustion requirement to suits brought in domestic courts. Applied to international proceedings, the local remedies rule only delays access, because decisions of domestic courts have no res judicata effect in subsequent international proceedings. Applied to U.S. domestic courts, by contrast, an exhaustion requirement effectively forecloses access to a plaintiff’s preferred forum, because a foreign court’s decision on the merits binds a U.S. court as res judicata. Third, recognizing a doctrine of prudential exhaustion runs against the “virtually unflagging” obligation of the federal courts to exercise jurisdiction. Declining to exercise jurisdiction on grounds of prudential exhaustion is particularly inappropriate for claims brought under the FSIA because Congress has expressly incorporated an exhaustion requirement for one of the FSIA’s exceptions but not for the others.
Perioperative blood transfusion has a dose-dependent relationship with disease recurrence and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Objective Perioperative blood transfusions have been implicated in decreased overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after resection for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the effects of single- and multiple-unit blood transfusions on OS, DFS, and recurrence after anatomic pulmonary resection. Methods From January 1, 2000, to June 30, 2016, 5709 consecutive patients underwent pulmonary resection for NSCLC at our institution. Exclusion criteria were stage IIIB-IV disease, incomplete resections, ill-defined histologic subtypes, and nonanatomic wedge resections. For the 0 versus single-unit analysis, propensity scores were calculated from a logistic regression model that predicted the probability of patients receiving a single-unit transfusion. The resulting matching weights were incorporated into Cox models for OS, DFS, and cumulative incidence of recurrence, to compare no versus single-unit blood transfusion. We determined whether increasing numbers of blood transfusions influenced survival or recurrence using multivariable Cox models. Results Approximately 10% of patients received perioperative blood transfusion (median follow-up, 7.46 years [25th-75th percentile, 3.98-11.8]). There was no difference in OS, DFS, or cumulative incidence of recurrence between patients receiving no transfusion and those receiving single-unit transfusion (P > .05). However, a dose–response relationship was observed, demonstrating worse OS (overall P Conclusions Although a single-unit blood transfusion did not affect survival in patients undergoing resection for NSCLC, greater unit perioperative blood transfusions were associated with significantly decreased long-term outcomes in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting avoidance or minimization of transfusions could improve long-term survival after lung resection.
Ophthalmologic findings in the Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

Background Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital disorder characterized by multisystem abnormalities, including distinct ophthalmologic findings. In recent years, advances in molecular genetics have begun to provide new insight into the characterization of these clinical features and the genetic basis of the syndrome. Materials and methods We included 37 articles that were identified through an electronic search in PubMed and through the reference lists of previously conducted reviews. Studies of 30 or more patients were used to report frequencies of common and less common findings. Genotype-phenotype studies were used to provide additional information when available. Results Ocular anomalies are present in most patients with CdLS. Common findings include long eyelashes, synophrys, hirsutism of the eyebrows, peripapillary pigment ring, and myopia. Less common findings include hyperopia, ptosis, blepharitis, short palpebral fissure length, down-slanting palpebral fissures, mild microcornea, strabismus, nystagmus, and optic nerve abnormalities. Conclusions This review provides a comprehensive summary of the ophthalmologic findings in CdLS. Mutations in certain genes may be associated with specific ocular abnormalities, although future genotype studies are needed to further characterize these relationships.
An investigation of social determinants of health and outcomes in pediatric nonaccidental trauma

Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is a leading cause of pediatric mortality and disability. We examined our institution’s experience with NAT to determine if socioeconomic status is correlated with patient outcomes. NAT cases were reviewed retrospectively. Socioeconomic determinants included insurance status and race; outcomes included mortality, discharge disability and disposition. Correlations were identified using t test, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression. The cohort comprised of 337 patients, with an overall uninsured rate of 5.6%. This rate was achieved by insuring 64.7% of the cohort after admission. Non-survivors were more likely to have no insurance coverage (14.8% versus 4.8%, p = 0.041). Regression revealed that uninsured had 8 times (95% CI 1.7–38.7, p = 0.008) higher in-hospital mortality than those with insurance when controlling for injury severity. Additionally, injury severity score ≥ 15, transfer from outside hospital, need for ICU or operative treatment were predictive of mortality. Adjusted risk factors for severe disability at discharge did not include insurance status or race, while ISS ≥ 15 and ICU stay were predictive. There are significant associations of insurance status with pediatric NAT outcomes, highlighting that determinants other than disease severity may influence mortality and morbidity. High-risk patients should be identified to develop strategies to improve outcomes.
Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity of N,N‘-Difluorobipyridinium and Related Salts and Their Applications as Reactive and Easy-To-Handle Electrophilic Fluorinating Agents with High Effective Fluorine Content1

N,N‘-Difluoro-2,2‘-, -2,4‘-, -3,3‘-, -4,4‘-bipyridinium and substituted N,N‘-difluoro-2,2‘-bipyridinium bis(triflates), bis(tetrafluoroborates), bis(hexafluorophosphates), and bis(hexafluoroantimon...
A unique case of dermatomyositis associated with anti-TIF1γ antibody and chondrosarcoma

Dermatomyositis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by skin inflammation and muscle weakness with an incidence between 0.5 and 1 cases per 100 000 individuals per year, the majority being women in the fifth or sixth decade of life.1 Characteristic skin findings include violaceous and poikilodermatous patches, Gottron sign, Gottron papules, heliotrope sign, periorbital edema, and periungual telangiectasias. The diagnosis of dermatomyositis is associated with an increased risk of malignancy, particularly within 1 year of symptom onset.2 The majority of these malignancies are aerorespiratory or gynecologic in origin.2 Here, we describe a patient with paraneoplastic dermatomyositis associated with chondrosarcoma of the humerus.
Insights into the evolutionary and demographic history of the extant endemic rodents of the Galápagos Islands

Evolutionary radiations stemming from colonization of archipelagos provide valuable insights into mechanisms and modes of speciation. For this reason, the fauna inhabiting the Galapagos Islands has been the focus of numerous emblematic ecological and evolutionary studies. However, studies focused on rodents have been scarce. Rice rats radiated in situ into at least seven endemic species: Aegialomys galapagoensis, Nesoryzomys narboroughi, N. swarthi, N. fernandinae, N. indefessus, N. darwini and Megaoryzomys curioi. Only the first four species remain extant on the archipelago. These species are considered vulnerable, mainly due to human activities and invasive species. Despite their interesting evolutionary history, questions surrounding phylogenetic relationships, colonization events, genetic diversity and demography of populations remain unresolved. We used the D-loop region of mtDNA to infer phylogenetic relationships, colonization events, date divergences, and conduct population genetic analyses of the four extant endemic species inhabiting the Galapagos Islands. We found that all species were monophyletic. A. galapagoensis is sister to A. xanthaeolus from the continent, and both of them are the sister clade of the genus Nesoryzomys. Our results also showed that there were two colonization events to the islands. The first event was the arrival of the ancestor of Nesoryzomys during the Pliocene, when divergences between genera occurred. The second was Aegialomys during middle Pleistocene, when species diversification began. Populations on each island show high genetic diversity and most show signals of recent expansion. However, future studies are needed to accurately assess the conservation status of these populations. We suggest ongoing monitoring of these vulnerable endemic species, including ecological and population genetic studies. In addition, future studies using genome-wide molecular markers and additional species from the continent, as well as sampling extinct species from the islands, will improve our knowledge about the origin and relationships of the endemic rodents of the Galapagos Islands.
iJava - an online interactive textbook for elementary Java instruction: demonstration

iJava is an online interactive textbook for elementary Java instruction. Its principal feature is an embedded evaluator, which means that throughout the text students are asked to solve simple coding problems that reflect textbook material. The text is integrated with a remote-server-based automated homework system and learning management system -the OWL system.
Opening the black box of the group‐based trajectory modeling process to analyze medication adherence patterns: An example using real‐world statin adherence data

PURPOSE The rationale for choosing a final group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) specification and evaluations of patient adherence patterns within groups are often omitted in the GBTM medication adherence literature. We aimed to (1) reveal the complexity of GBTM and (2) assess model discrimination of patient medication adherence patterns. METHODS Medicare administrative claims were used to measure statin medication adherence as a continuous value in the 6 months before an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalization. Different GBTM specifications beyond default settings were constructed and compared with the Bayesian information criterion. Spaghetti plots were used to compare individual adherence patterns with group averages. RESULTS Overall, 113,296 prevalent statin users met eligibility criteria. Four adherence groups were identified: persistently adherent, moderately adherent, progressively nonadherent, and persistently nonadherent. Spaghetti plots showed the persistently adherent and persistently nonadherent groups had relatively homogeneous adherence patterns that matched predicted trajectories well. Spaghetti plots also showed that, while adherence patterns in the progressively nonadherent group were not as homogeneous, most patients in this group appeared to be discontinuing statin therapy pre-AMI. CONCLUSIONS Subjective decisions are necessary to identify a final trajectory model. Greater transparency and disclosure of these decisions in the medication adherence literature are needed. Individual patient adherence patterns from spaghetti plots provided additional diagnostic information about trajectory models beyond standard model-fit assessments to determine if group-average adherence estimates represent homogeneous patterns of medication adherence.
Synthesis and crystal structure of [(η5-C5H5)2HfO]3·C6H5Me

The crystal structure of [(η5-C5H5)2HfO]3·C6H5Me has shown that the compound is not isostructural with its zirconium analog. The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupCmcm with well-refined parameters associated with the organometallic moiety and the toluene molecule, whereas [(η5-C5H5)2ZrO]3·C6H5Me has been reported to belong to the monoclinic space groupP21/c with a badly disordered molecule of crystallization. The hafnium derivative exhibits unit cell constantsa=12.322(3),b=17.473(4),c=17.836(4) A, andZ=4 forD c =1.84 g cm−3. Full-matrix least-squares refinement gave a finalR value of 0.062 for 1243 independent observed reflections. The trimer resides on a site of crystallo-graphicmm symmetry. The (η5-C5H5)2Hf units are bridged together by oxygen atoms at an average Hf-O distance of 1.95(2) A.
De la carta a la papeleta: el ‘menú del día’ entre la dictadura y la democracia en España, 1964–1981

La reciente consagracion de la gastronomia como parte de la Marca Espana ha estimulado el interes del publico hacia las practicas cotidianas del consumo de la comida. Un hilo de estas conversacione...
Does ADR's

Over the last forty years, ADR processes, in particular mediation and arbitration, have been advanced as vehicles to secure access to justice for individual litigants and to improve efficiency in overburdened court systems. These processes have functioned as alternatives to the court adjudication of disputes, complementing the judicial system, and operating in what has been famously described as “the shadow of the law. The primary benefits promised by ADR were party autonomy and empowerment. ADR processes would allow parties to “fit the forum to the fuss.” These processes would give parties the opportunity to create their own mosaic of justice, personalized and individualized justice, not unlike the fairness remedies that equity courts had historically provided. I argue that claims about ADR’s ability to provide access to justice should be more modest. As it turns out, ADR falls short on its original promises, giving short shrift to the value of consent. Over the last few decades, party autonomy has diminished in both mediation and arbitration, and it is not clear that ADR has resulted in greater efficiencies for the courts. In this Article, I question whether ADR processes have provided the kind of access to justice envisioned by proponents, or whether they have been stumbling blocks to achieving that goal. My skepticism is prompted by the withering away of consent in arbitration and mediation, two of the most commonly used ADR processes.
Sensible Objects: Intercorporeality and Enactive Knowing Through Things

This chapter integrates ethnographic techniques, cognitive science, and enactive theory to examine the phenomenology dynamics that emerge during spontaneous interaction during a newly developed practice called banding. Specifically, participants are connected to each other via large rubber bands. An enactivist analysis of participants’ journals reveals participants undergo intense intercorporeal experiences with properties that: are disorienting; are multi-scale; conjure intercorporeal surprise and discovery; undergo patterns of change, in both groups and individuals; give rise to intercorporeal trust; and they entail intercorporeal shifts in identity. The paper analyses how these properties might reflect the intercorporeal nature of everyday experiences.
Deep learning the astrometric signature of dark matter substructure

We study the application of machine learning techniques for the detection of the astrometric signature of dark matter substructure. In this proof of principle a population of dark matter subhalos in the Milky Way will act as lenses for sources of extragalactic origin such as quasars. We train ResNet-18, a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network to classify angular velocity maps of a population of quasars into lensed and no lensed classes. We show that an SKA -like survey with extended operational baseline can be used to probe the substructure content of the Milky Way.
Interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab increases Tregs and reduces T effector cytokines in renal graft inflammation: A randomized controlled trial.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine and key regulator of Treg: T effector cell (Teff) balance. We hypothesized that IL-6 blockade with tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody to IL-6R, would increase Tregs, dampen Teff function, and control graft inflammation. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial (2014-2018) of clinically stable kidney transplant recipients on calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone, with subclinical graft inflammation noted on surveillance biopsies during the first year posttransplant. Subjects received tocilizumab (8 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks; 6 doses; n = 16) or no treatment (controls; n = 14) on top of usual maintenance immunosuppression. Kidney biopsies pre- and post-treatment were analyzed using Banff criteria. Blood was analyzed for serum cytokines, Treg frequencies, and T cell effector molecule expression (IFN-γ, IL-17, granzyme B) post-stimulation ex vivo. Tocilizumab-treated subjects were more likely to show improved Banff ti-score (62.5% vs. 21.4%, p = .03), increased Treg frequency (7.1% ± 5.55% vs. 3.6% ± 1.7%, p = .0168), and a blunted Teff cytokine response compared to controls. Changes in Banff i- and t-scores were not significantly different. The treatment was relatively well tolerated with no patient deaths or graft loss. Blockade of IL-6 is a novel and promising treatment option to regulate the T cell alloimmune response in kidney transplant recipients. NCT02108600.
Long-term evaluation of restoring understories in Wyoming big sagebrush communities with mowing and seeding native bunchgrasses

Abstract Restoring degraded plant communities is a global challenge and a major priority for land managers and conservationists. Degraded Wyoming big sagebrush communities (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S.L. Welsh) have high sagebrush cover with a depleted perennial herbaceous understory. They are widespread in western North America and are a priority for restoration because they provide habitat for sagebrush-associated species and an important forage base for livestock production. Mechanically reducing sagebrush with mowing has been attempted to restore the understory in these communities but often fails because large native perennial bunchgrasses do not increase and exotic annual grasses proliferate. Seeding large native perennial bunchgrasses after mowing sagebrush may increase their density or cover and thereby limit exotic annual grasses. Native perennial bunchgrasses are slow growing; thus, long-term studies are needed to evaluate this treatment strategy. We evaluated mowing followed by drill-seeding large native perennial bunchgrasses in southeastern Oregon for 11 yr post treatment. Large bunchgrass cover and density were approximately 2 × greater with mowing followed by seeding compared with the untreated control. However, mowing, with and without seeding, increased exotic annual grasses and decreased biological soil crusts. Sagebrush cover was less in mowed treatments compared with the untreated control, but sagebrush cover increased over time. Mowing and seeding native bunchgrasses was less successful than desired, particularly since exotic annual grasses increased substantially. This treatment may be improved by reducing the disturbance associated with mowing and drill seeding, decreasing exotic annual grass competition, and increasing the establishment of native perennial bunchgrasses. The results of our study indicate that seeding native bunchgrasses into degraded Wyoming big sagebrush communities has potential as a restoration treatment but needs refinement to improve success.
Redesigning a "Writing for Chemists" Course Using Specifications Grading.

The Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Irvine (UCI), instituted an upper-division “Writing for Chemists” course in fall 2017 that fulfills part of UCI’s writing graduation requirement. During the 2019–2020 school year, the course was redesigned using a specifications grading system with the following goals: (1) to teach students how to develop their own writing practice, while mastering chemistry discipline-specific writing conventions; (2) to provide students with frequent and constructive instructor and teaching assistant (TA) feedback by providing ample revision opportunities; (3) to increase transparency in how students can achieve course SLOs; and (4) to provide students with consistent and clear assessment rubrics. This specifications grading approach uses a high-pass, low-pass, unsatisfactory system predicated on whether students meet a certain number of criteria for each assignment. Achievement of student learning outcomes (SLOs) was assessed using criteria instead of points so that instructors and students could more objectively measure student learning. Standardized rubrics and a student grade tracker helped students understand the relationship among meeting criteria, achieving SLOs, and earning grades. Students completed surveys at the end of the course to determine if their writing habits and attitudes toward writing changed. After the course, students self-reported increased propensities to prewrite and edit, and several students mentioned that they appreciated the transparency of the specifications rubrics and the control the specifications system gave them over their grades.
Parental rights in education under international law: nature and scope

The parental right to influence or control their children’s instruction is guaranteed by all major human rights instruments that address education (the parental right in international law is, henceforth, the Parental Right, or Right). This guarantee reflects the essential role that parental involvement in education plays in the development and formation of children, in the thriving of their community and their state, and in the parents’ own self-fulfillment. Interpreting the Parental Right – i.e., the nature of the obligations it confers on the state, as well as in relation to the right of the child to receive education – is therefore, understandably, a matter of vigorous disputes given the acute ideological disagreement over the best educational means, conditions, and ends. The stakes in the recognition of the Parental Right are high. Many issues crucially depend on the parental share in designing the curriculum and the learning environment for the state’s children today (and constituency tomorrow), including: the strength of a state’s democratic institutions, its respect of freedom of thought and other human rights, its degree of tolerance and social cohesion, its economic policies, or its cultural and/or religious minorities’ abilities to preserve their identity and defend their interests. What renders the interpretation of the Right even more challenging are several factors related to the historical transformations in the perception of education, and the special characters of the Parental Right and of the child’s right to education. These include: the growing recognition of the child as the main beneficiary of educational rights; the paradigm shift in the conceptualization of parental authority over children; the Right’s exceptionality in granting one individual significance over the future of another (under established international law children do not have agency to independently determine their education). In the face of these challenges, this chapter contributes to the understanding of the Parental Right and of the international law framework in which it operates. It describes the debates and predominant interpretations of the nature and of the scope of the Parental Right. The chapter proceeds as following: Section I discusses the nature of the Parental Right, examining its possible interpretations as a negative or a partially positive; Section II addresses the Parental Right’s scope in public and private educational institutions.
Individualism and Egalitarianism Can Kill: How Cultural Values Predict Coronavirus Deaths Across the Globe

While in some countries, many people have died due to the coronavirus (COVID-19), in other countries, only a few have died. Based on the cultural values theory, our first hypothesis was that in countries that are predominantly individualistic, the number of deaths will be high, whereas in countries with predominantly collectivist values, the number of deaths will be low. Our second hypothesis was that countries with high power distance and hierarchy will have fewer deaths compared to countries with low power distance and egalitarianism. The hypotheses were tested by referring to two different value studies (Hofstede's study of 76 countries and Schwartz's study of 75 countries) while also controlling for GDP per capita, Gini index, population density, median age per country, and BMI per country. Of the five control variables GDP and BMI significantly predicted coronavirus deaths. Taking into account GDP, Gini index, population density, median age, and BMI, hierarchical regression analyses confirmed the first hypothesis on individualism and the second hypothesis on egalitarianism. Therefore, in the case of this current pandemic, group-oriented and collectivist values and low egalitarianism values lead to specific health-related behaviors that ultimately keep more people alive.
Bond Risk’s Role in the Equity Risk-Return Tradeoff

Recent research finds no appreciable or reliable linear relation between VIX and the equity premium, but instead suggests a nonlinear linkage. We reexamine this risk-return issue in a multi-risk framework with VIX and T-bond risk (MOVE). We find that the partial relation between MOVE and the equity premium varies with economic conditions, especially becoming more negative in late 1997. And, accounting for this economic variation uncovers a reliable positive linear relation between VIX and the equity premium, in a partial sense. Our results are robustly evident in alternative specifications and in subperiod analysis.
Time-Varying Conditional Skewness and the Market Risk Premium

Single factor asset pricing models face two major hurdles: the problematic time-series properties of the ex ante market risk premium and the inability of the risk measure to account for a substantial degree of the cross-sectional variation of expected excess returns. We provide an explanation for the first failure using the following intuition: if investors know that the asset returns have conditional skewness given the information known today, the expected excess returns should include rewards for accepting skewness. We formalize this intuition with an asset pricing model which incorporates conditional skewness. We decompose the expected excess returns into components due to conditional variance and skewness. Our results show that conditional skewness is important and, when combined with the economy-wide reward for skewness, helps explain the time-variation of the ex ante market risk premiums. Conditional skewness has greater success in explaining the ex ante risk premium for the world portfolio than for the U.S. portfolio.
The oversuppression syndrome

Abstract Evidence that suggests an etiologic relation between the use of oral contraceptive steroids and the development of the oversuppression syndrome is reviewed. Investigation and management of factors probably responsible for the syndrome are presented. It is suggested that the problem is one of hypothalamopituitary dysfunction created by estrogen-progestin combinations. Condistions such as premature menopause, adrenal tumors, and Stein-Leventhal syndrome must be ruled out before a diagnosis of oversuppression is made. Clomiphene was found to be effective in restoring normal ovulatory function.
Validation of the Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index: characterizing disease severity and assessing responsiveness to clinical change

Summary Background The Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index (CDASI) was developed for use in clinical trials and longitudinal patient assessment. Objectives To characterize disease severity using the CDASI and assess the responsiveness of this instrument to clinically meaningful changes in disease activity. Methods Patients with cutaneous dermatomyositis at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn, n = 93) and Stanford University (Stanford, n = 106) were prospectively evaluated using the CDASI, physician global assessment (PGA) Likert scales and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Data was analysed using logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves to select cut-offs. Results Baseline CDASI activity scores for the patients evaluated at UPenn ranged from 0 to 47 (median 17), and baseline PGA VAS scores ranged from 0 to 9·6 (median 1·1). At UPenn a CDASI activity score of 19 differentiated mild from moderate and severe disease. At Stanford baseline CDASI scores ranged from 0 to 48 (median 21), baseline PGA VAS scores ranged from 0 to 9·7 (median 4·2) and CDASI activity scores of 14 or less characterized mild disease. When a 2-cm change in the PGA VAS was regarded as a clinically significant improvement, a 4-point (UPenn) or 5-point (Stanford) change in CDASI reflected a minimal clinically significant response. Conclusions The CDASI is a valid and responsive measure that can be used to characterize cutaneous dermatomyositis severity and detect improvement in disease activity. Variations in cut-offs may be due to differences in disease severity between the two populations or inter-rater variations in the use of the external gold measures.
Design of a home multi-robot system for the elderly and disabled

Home-based assistive robotic care for the elderly and disabled has long been a goal of robotics researchers. Unfortunately, no single group has solved the problem of making robots that will perform a set of tasks sufficient enough to warrant the cost to the end consumer. Numerous advances and improvements in computing, communication and related robotic technologies have been paving the way towards cheaper, more capable robots. We propose a home robot system consisting of a set of heterogeneous robots with different task spaces, cloud computing to enhance the abilities of the system, integration with existing home infrastructure, and compatibility with mobile technology. A high level of integration with the open source software of the Robot Operating System (ROS) is proposed to accelerate the design process. For the exact types of robots, we propose to use an enhanced floor cleaning robot and a mobility and vision assistance robot in the form of an improved rollator walker.