cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Priming With Questionnaire Content on Grip Strength in Patients With Hand and Upper Extremity Illness.

Background Grip strength is a performance-based measure of upper extremity function that might be influenced by priming (the influence of a response to a stimulus by exposure to another stimulus). This study addressed the influence of questionnaire content on performance measurements such as grip strength between patients who complete the standard Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) compared with patients who complete a positively adjusted PCS. Methods Between June 2015 and August 2015, we enrolled 122 patients who presented to 3 hand surgeons at 3 outpatient offices. They were randomized to 2 groups: the control group, which completed the PCS, and the intervention group, which completed a positively phrased version of the PCS. Before and after completion of the questionnaire, we measured each patient's grip strength 3 times by alternating between hands. Two patients were excluded after participation. We calculated both the preintervention and postintervention mean and maximum grip strengths. Results There was no significant difference between groups on mean or maximum grip strength before completion of the questionnaires. There was a greater improvement in mean grip strength of both hands in the intervention group compared with the PCS group. This improvement was statistically significant in the affected hand. The maximum grip strength showed a statistically significant greater improvement in both hands in the positive PCS group compared with the control group. Conclusions Positive priming through a questionnaire leads to an increase in mean and maximum grip strength when compared with the standard questionnaire that uses negative terms rather than positive.
Experiences With “Acute” Food Insecurity Among College Students:

This study sought to understand which racial/ethnic student groups experience food insecurity and the extent to which other external insecurities and challenges are predictive of acute food insecur...
Anticipation and environmental regulation

Abstract When agents expect a change in regulation to change the relative price of new durable goods they may shift purchases forward to avoid compliance costs. In the context of new-vehicle emission standards, prior analyses have not considered this adjustment margin. We model the effects of anticipation on sales and retirements of durable goods, and test our theory's predictions empirically using the 2007 implementation of heavy-duty emission standards. We find evidence that anticipation caused a sales spike just before the policy took effect and a symmetric sales slump after implementation, which resulted in 31,164 more freight-truck sales ahead of the new standard and as much as $118 million in environmental damages over the lifetimes of those vehicles.
Using Synchronized Audio Mapping to Track and Predict Velar and Pharyngeal Wall Locations during Dynamic MRI Sequences

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a novel innovative computational modeling technique to 1) track velar and pharyngeal wall movement from dynamic MRI data and to 2) examine the utility of using recorded participant audio signals to estimate velar and pharyngeal wall movement during a speech task. A series of dynamic MRI data and audio acoustic features were used to develop and inform a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) model. Methods : One adult male subject was imaged using a fast-gradient echo Fast Low Angle Shot (FLASH) multi-shot spiral technique to acquire 15.8 frames per second (fps) of the midsagittal image plane during the production of “ansa.” The nasal surface of the velum and the posterior pharyngeal wall was identified and marked using a novel pixel selection method. The error rate was measured by calculating the accumulation error and through visual inspection. Results : The proposed model traced and animated dynamic articulators during the speech process in real-time with an overall accuracy of 81% considering one pixel threshold. The predicted markers (pixels) segmented the structures of interest in the velopharyngeal area and were able to successfully predict the velar and pharyngeal configurations when provided with the audio signal. Conclusion : This study demonstrates a novel and innovative approach to tracking dynamic velopharyngeal movements. Discussion of the potential application of a predictive model that relies on audio signals to detect the presence of a velopharyngeal gap is discussed.
Models, Crystals, and Chemistry

We begin by defining the vocabulary of the subject. Most of this section should be familiar to you from other courses.
Control Variable in Research

Control variables refer to variables whose effects on an outcome variable are statistically adjusted in order to estimate independent effects of an explanatory variable. In its conventional usage, the term is limited to variables that are actually observed. This article discusses methods of controlling for both observed and unobserved sources of confounds. Regression and propensity score are presented as methods of controlling observed confounds in the context of various research designs. In randomized experiments, control variables increase the power to detect treatment effects by reducing the residual variance. In quasi-experimental settings, the use of control variables makes experimental conditions probabilistically equal with respect to controlled variables. Control variables are also used to evaluate the possibility of differential treatment effects. The observed variable methods assume that all sources of potential confounds are measured and included in the analysis. These methods produce biased estimates of the effects of explanatory variables in the presence of unobserved confounds. In this case, unbiased effects can be identified if additional variables are available that are assumed to be independent of the unobserved confounds. Instrumental and mediator variables are presented as methods for isolating effects of the primary explanatory variables in the presence of such confounds.
Measurement Error, Unobserved Variables

This chapter discusses the common measurement error in models where there are unobserved variables. This is a very large topic. Indeed, almost the whole of psychometrics can be seen as a frontal assault on the problem of errors in variables. In sociology, substantial efforts to estimate error have been made in some survey research organizations. Moreover, sociologists have long been sensitized to the indicator problem—the often loose epistemic link-age between the variable specified in the theory and even the most plausible of the available empirical measures of it. The chapter discusses the problems raised by models where one proposes to take explicit account of errors in variables.
P-Selectin and Platelet Clearance

P-selectin is an adhesion receptor for leukocytes expressed by activated platelets and endothelial cells. To assess a possible role of P-selectin in platelet clearance, we adapted an in vivo biotinylation technique in mice. Wild-type and P-selectin-deficient mice were infused with N-hydroxysuccinimido biotin. The survival of biotinylated platelets was followed by flow cytometry after labeling with fluorescent streptavidin. Both wild-type and P-selectin-deficient platelets presented identical life spans of about 4.7 days, suggesting that P-selectin does not play a role in platelet turnover. When biotinylated platelets were isolated, activated with thrombin, and reinjected into mice, the rate of platelet clearance was unchanged. In contrast, storage of platelets at 4 degreesC caused a significant reduction in their life span in vivo but again no significant differences were observed between the two genotypes. The infused thrombin-activated platelets rapidly lost their surface P-selectin in circulation, and this loss was accompanied by the simultaneous appearance of a 100-kD P-selectin fragment in the plasma. This observation suggests that the platelet membrane P-selectin was shed by cleavage. In conclusion, this study shows that P-selectin, despite its binding to leukocytes, does not mediate platelet clearance. However, the generation of a soluble form of P-selectin on platelet activation may have biological implications in modulating leukocyte recruitment or thrombus growth.
Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spine and Adult Deformity: Surgical Technique and the Evidence

Abstract Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) has become an increasingly popular technique utilized for the treatment of lumbar pathology. MIS-TLIF has exhibited a wide range of indications in both lumbar degenerative disease and adult spinal deformity. Due to its reduction in soft tissue trauma, this technique has also been demonstrated to minimize operative blood loss and postoperative pain when compared to open spinal fusions. Additionally, patient reported outcomes and fusion rates following MIS-TLIF have been promising. The present review investigates the current literature regarding MIS-TLIF techniques, outcomes, complications, and costs.
Overcoming Resistance in Clinical and Forensic Interviews

Reactance is one of the most common underlying causes of resistance. Reactance, a term coined by Brehm, is the reaction that occurs when a person feels their freedom of choice is threatened. Reacta...
Commonality and Individual Differences in Vocabulary Growth.

We live in an era of high-tech everyday life. Computer chips can be found in automobiles, toys, washing machines and toasters. The study of language use and acquisition is no exception. Among the techniques currently in fashion are computerized analysis of language samples (MacWhinney, 2000), split video monitors with a soundtrack that matches one image for the study of language comprehension (Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff, 1996), evoked-potential recording to trace the division of labor between the two hemispheres in language processing (Mills, Coffey-Corina & Neville, 1997), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify the brain locus of specific aspects of language processing (Raichle, 1994), and molecular genetic techniques to identify and characterize the influence of specific genes on language (Plomin & Dale, 2000; Meaburn, Dale, Craig & Plomin, 2002).
On Using Chatbots to Promote Smoking Cessation Among Adolescents of Low Socioeconomic Status

Reducing youth tobacco use is critical for improving child health since tobacco use is associated with respiratory problems, and nicotine may interfere with healthy brain development. While tobacco regulation has contributed to declines in cigarette use among youth, these declines have occurred more quickly for youth of high socioeconomic status (SES) compared to youth of low SES. A major barrier to smoking cessation for adolescents of low SES is coordination of access and transportation to in-person treatment sessions. Low-SES youth may have family obligations that limit their ability to access in-person treatment. At the same time, mobile use among adolescents is high: 85% have smartphones. Additionally, adolescents engage in texting at high rates, suggesting that they are well-suited for mobile instant messaging interventions. Mobile interventions have shown promise for youth, but their use remains low. Thus, more research is needed to develop effective and engaging mobile interventions to increase quit rates. In this paper, we provide a brief review of approaches to adolescent smoking cessation and describe the promise of chatbots for smoking cessation.
The effect of sex on multiple sclerosis risk and disease progression.

Sex differences in the incidence or severity of disease characterize many autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple sclerosis is a complex disease with both autoimmune and neurodegenerati...
The effect of cognitive dual-tasks on dynamic postural sway during gait using inertial measurement units.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of cognitive dual-tasks on dynamic postural sway variability, measured with a single inertial measurement unit, in healthy collegiate athletes during dual-task gait. APPROACH Thirty-four athletes ambulated down and back a 10-meter course. Root mean square values of postural sway acceleration were calculated for four sway-planes. Single and dual-task trial times were calculated from gait initiation to termination. Single and dual-task root mean square values were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests for each sway plane to determine significance. The relative difference between each sway measures and trial times for single and dual-task gait (i.e. dual-task cost was calculated). Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the association between dual-task cost of sway and trial time data. MAIN RESULTS During dual-task conditions, participants ambulated slower and demonstrated a significant reduction in root mean square sway in all planes of motion. The greatest decreases were in the medial-lateral (Z = -4.83, p < 0.001, ES = -0.83) and superior-inferior planes (Z = -4.93, p < 0.001, ES = -0.85). Increased trial time cost was associated with a decrease in dual-task cost of postural sway (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Performing a cognitive task while ambulating decreased postural sway variability in task-relevant planes of motion compared to single-task conditions. Reduced dual-task cost of sway variability during gait was associated with maintained trial times between single and dual-tasks. These data support the use of instrumented dual-task gait assessment to evaluate postural sway variability.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cyanobutadiene Isomers-Molecules of Astrochemical Significance.

Four cyanobutadiene isomers of considerable interest to the organic chemistry, molecular spectroscopy, and astrochemistry communities were synthesized in good yields and isolated as pure compounds:...
Effects of ferritin heavy chain of Clonorchis sinensis on human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant protein ferritin heavy chain of Clonorchis sinensis (CsFHC) on human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. Methods LX-2 cells were cultured in vitro by the cell culture method. Cell proliferation/toxicity detection kit (CCK-8) was used to detect the cell proliferation activity of LX-2 cells stimulated with CsFHC recombinant protein [0 (control), 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 nmol/L] at 48 h and 72 h, respectively, and the effect of CsFHC recombinant protein on cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry; a semi quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of type I collagen (Collagen I), type Ⅲ collagen (Collagen Ⅲ) and α smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Results The effects of CsFHC on proliferation of LX-2 cells (48 h: 0.987 ± 0.042, 1.315 ± 0.105, 1.298 ± 0.078, 1.432 ± 0.089, 1.781 ± 0.040, 1.581 ± 0.056; 72 h: 1.050 ± 0.030, 1.503 ± 0.111, 1.671 ± 0.102, 1.769 ± 0.123, 1.927 ± 0.067, 1.492 ± 0.081) between groups were significantly different statistically (F = 1 892.133, 534.136, P < 0.05). The quiescent stage/DNA synthesis (G0/G1) cells in 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 nmol/L CsFHC recombinant protein groups (74.93 ± 4.05, 75.87 ± 4.16, 76.73 ± 5.03, 78.57 ± 5.51, 74.90 ± 3.61) were significantly higher than that of control group (54.90 ± 3.61, P < 0.05); the synthesis phase (S) + DNA synthesis late/mitotic (G2/M) cells (22.24 ± 3.06, 24.13 ± 2.00, 18.54 ± 1.53, 18.71 ± 1.53 and 21.17 ± 3.06) were lower than that of control group (33.26 ± 2.65, P < 0.05). In control and 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 nmol/L CsFHC recombinant protein groups, the differences of mRNA expression levels of Collagen I, Collagen Ⅲ and αSMA were statistically significant (48 h: F = 81.419, 14.417, 70.456; 72 h: F = 79.224, 50.461, 41.872, P < 0.05). Conclusion The CsFHC recombinant protein can stimulate the proliferation and activation of LX-2 cells in vitro, the CsFHC involved in the process of hepatic fibrosis induced by Clonorchis sinensis. Key words: Clonorchis sinensis; Hepatic fibrosis; Ferritin heavy chain; Hepatic stellate cell
Iodine nutritional status in high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Tianjin

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of children and women of childbearing age in high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Tianjin in 2008-2010 and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Hangu District was selected as survey point from 2008 to 2010,Dagang District and Jingan County were increased in 2010.Hangu District was divided into five areas,one township(town) that was not high iodine was selected from each area,four administrative villages were selected from each township(town),and 15 households were selected from each administrative village.Three township(town) were selected from Dagang and Jingan County,respectively.Two administrative villages were selected from each township(town),and 20 households were selected from each administrative village.Iodine level of salt samples from each household was determined.In 2009,one primary school was selected from each survey township(town),thyroid volume of 40 8-10-year-old students was examined,and urine iodine of 20 students was tested.In 2010,three township(town) were selected from each survey point,two primary school were selected from each survey township(town),40 8-l0-year-old students were selected from each primary school,urine iodine and thyroid volume of the students were determined.150,50 and 60 women of childbearing age from Hangu District were selected from 2008 to 2010,and 60 were selected from Dagang District and Jingan County,respectively.Urine iodine of the women was tested.Iodine content of salt was tested by a semi-quantitative test kit; diagnosis of endemic goiter was based on the "Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Goiter" (WS 276-2007); urinary iodine test was based on the "Arsenic Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometry" (WS/T 107-2006).Results Coverage rates of iodized salt in Hangu District in the 3 years were 65.0％ (195/300),70.3％ (211/300) and 90.8％ (274/300),respectively.Coverage rates of iodized salt in Dagang District and Jinghai County were 40.0％(48/120) and 38.3％(46/120).In 2009,the median urinary iodine of children aged 8-10 in Hangu District was 205.4 μg/L and in 2010,the medians urinary iodine of children aged 8-10 of the three survey point were 193.0,293.1 and 216.8 μg/L.Goiter rates of children aged 8-10 in Hangu District were 4.24％(9/212) and 3.59％ (9/251),and in Dagang District and Jinghai County were 3.60％ (9/250) and 5.44％(13/239).The medians urinary iodine in women of childbearing age in Hangu District in the 3 years were 134.9,196.1 and 229.5 μg/L,respectively.The medians urinary iodine in women of childbearing age in Dagang District and Jinghai County were 316.9 and 190.9 μg/L.Conclusions The nutritional status of high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Tianjin are better than the national limit of enhanced iodine requirements.Due to higher water iodine in the same areas,some people are iodine excess,to which we should pay more attention. Key words: Iodine; Deficiency diseases; Goiter, endemic; Urine; Salts
Trees in Early Irish Law and Lore: Respect for Other-Than-Human Life in Europe's History

In contrast to modern Western society's treatment of plants as non-sentient beings to be used or killed at will for our own benefit, the complex legal system used in Ireland from prehistory up unti...
Developing and Modeling a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (PEH) for Highway Pavements

This paper describes a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) that uses PZT or lead zirconate titanate (Pb[Zr(x)Ti(1 − x)]O3) elements to convert mechanical energy from moving vehicles to electricity. The PEH consists of a rectangular metal housing supported by four PZT stacks located at its corners. It is sized to capture the right wheel path of the weaving traffic. Each PZT stack consists of six PZT cylindrical elements connected in parallel. Extensive laboratory tests were performed to properly characterize and model the stacks. An electromechanical model of the stacks was developed to translate its mechanical properties to electrical properties. This model was implemented into Matlab/Simulink in order to optimize the power harvesting circuitry. The output power depends on the applied stress and the loading frequency. The power output of one of the PZT stacks is in the order of 10 mW and 1.4 W for a car axle and a truck axle, respectively. In addition to generating power, the PZT stacks can be used as axle load sensors by utilizing the output voltage to back calculate the stress using the developed model.
Chronic graft-versus-host disease in pancreas after kidney transplant recipients - An unrecognized entity.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a common complication after peripheral blood stem cell or bone marrow transplantation, rarely occurs in kidney and pancreas transplant recipients. The true incidence may be confounded by the rarity of the disorder, with a resultant lack of appreciation of the diagnosis as a potential cause of common clinical manifestations such as cytopenias and immune dysfunction. Reports of GVHD in kidney and pancreas transplant recipients almost uniformly describe patients in the early posttransplant period (days to months) with the typical manifestations of acute GVHD involving the skin, liver, and intestines. In contrast, reports of solid organ transplant recipients with clinical features more consistent with chronic GVHD (cGVHD) are lacking, raising concern of underrecognition of this severe complication. Occurrence later after transplant may be even more likely to result in lack of recognition. We report 2 cases of possible cGVHD occurring in recipients of pancreas after kidney transplantation, which were diagnosed at 5.5 and 42 months after pancreas transplant. Both patients presented with severe pancytopenia, multiple opportunistic infections, and features suggestive of cGVHD. Transplant professionals should be aware of the possibility of acute and cGVHD in pancreas after kidney transplant recipients and be able to recognize the clinical manifestations.
Revision Discectomy with or without Fusion for the Treatment of Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Nationwide Analysis of Risk Profiles and Short-Term Outcomes.

Objective We compared the demographics, risk factors, and complications for adult patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH) undergoing revision discectomy with or without concurrent fusion. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients who had undergone revision discectomy with or without simultaneous fusion. The demographic variables and various peri- and postoperative complications were compared between these 2 patient groups. Results A total of 6901 discectomy patients were included in the present study, of whom 2996 (43.4%) had undergone revision discectomy with fusion and 3905 (56.6%) had undergone revision discectomy alone. The revision discectomy with fusion group was significantly more likely to be older, female, and White or Black and to have a higher average body mass index than was the revision discectomy alone group. The discectomy with fusion group had longer hospital lengths of stay and was more likely to have a diagnosis of hypertension, insulin-dependent and non–insulin-dependent diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, the patients who had undergone discectomy with fusion were significantly more likely to develop pneumonia, require ventilation for >48 hours, require a blood transfusion, and to develop urinary tract infection, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism compared with the patients who had undergone revision discectomy only. Conclusions Our findings reveal that older patients with more comorbidities were more likely to undergo revision discectomy with fusion. Also, this surgical group experienced more adverse events after their procedure compared with the revision discectomy only group.
Historical effective population size of North American hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and challenges to estimating trends in contemporary effective breeding population size from archived samples.

Background Hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) are among the bat species most commonly killed by wind turbine strikes in the midwestern United States. The impact of this mortality on species census size is not understood, due in part to the difficulty of estimating population size for this highly migratory and elusive species. Genetic effective population size (Ne) could provide an index of changing census population size if other factors affecting Ne are stable. Methods We used the NeEstimator package to derive effective breeding population size (Nb) estimates for two temporally spaced cohorts: 93 hoary bats collected in 2009-2010 and an additional 93 collected in 2017-2018. We sequenced restriction-site associated polymorphisms and generated a de novo genome assembly to guide the removal of sex-linked and multi-copy loci, as well as identify physically linked markers. Results Analysis of the reference genome with psmc suggested at least a doubling of Ne in the last 100,000 years, likely exceeding Ne = 10,000 in the Holocene. Allele and genotype frequency analyses confirmed that the two cohorts were comparable, although some samples had unusually high or low observed heterozygosities. Additionally, the older cohort had lower mean coverage and greater variability in coverage, and batch effects of sampling locality were observed that were consistent with sample degradation. We therefore excluded samples with low coverage or outlier heterozygosity, as well as loci with sequence coverage far from the mode value, from the final data set. Prior to excluding these outliers, contemporary Nb estimates were significantly higher in the more recent cohort, but this finding was driven by high values for the 2018 sample year and low values for all other years. In the reduced data set, Nb did not differ significantly between cohorts. We found base substitutions to be strongly biased toward cytosine to thymine or the complement, and further partitioning loci by substitution type had a strong effect on Nb estimates. Minor allele frequency and base quality bias thresholds also had strong effects on Nb estimates. Instability of Nb with respect to common data filtering parameters and empirically identified factors prevented robust comparison of the two cohorts. Given that confidence intervals frequently included infinity as the stringency of data filtering increased, contemporary trends in Nb of North American hoary bats may not be tractable with the linkage disequilibrium method, at least using the protocol employed here.
Cardiac arrhythmia spot light: Detection of ventricular fibrillation—Not all ICDs are created equal

Intracardiac device electrograms demonstrating differing VF sensing performance between two manufacturer ICD generators.
The composition of social support networks of URM graduate students at predominantly white institutions

In this study, a social support framework was adopted to investigate the structure and makeup of the social support networks of underrepresented minority (URM) graduate students at predominantly white institutions (PWIs). Support networks are a critical need for URM students, especially at PWIs. Graduate students from URM groups face isolation, hostility, and estrangement in environments where they are excluded and minoritized, leading to high dropout rates. Low degree attainment is catastrophic for the scientific community as it loses diverse perspectives from entire groups of academic scholars. This study focuses on the social support networks of sixteen Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino/a/x graduate students as they persisted through graduate school at three different PWIs. Three social networking surveys were used to collect data about their network composition, and six interviews provided qualitative data about specific personal experiences related to their support networks. The combination of this data is critical to the analysis of their support networks as they persisted through their graduate programs to help future graduate students from URM groups at other PWIs. By knowing the composition of persisting URM graduate students’ social support networks and their personal experiences, institutions can emphasize the importance of having support networks and provide opportunities to form and strengthen support networks.
The October 1905 pogroms and the Russian authorities

This article analyzes the October 1905 pogroms in the Russian Empire. It explores the reasons for the pogroms, the perpetrators, the victims, and the consequences for the Jewish population. The article shows the differences and peculiarities of the pogroms, which occurred in the cities and shtetls, rural areas, on the railroads, and in the ports. The article also explores the attitude and involvement of the higher and local authorities, police, and troops in the pogroms. Historians continue to debate whether these pogroms occurred spontaneously or were organized by the Tsarist authorities. This article provides considerable evidence that the October 1905 pogroms were not a spontaneous reaction of conservatives to the revolutionary events, but rather was the policy of the Russian government directed toward the suppression of the revolutionary movement.
What Is Theological about Practical Theology

AbstractThis article reconceives the prevailing methodology of contemporary practical theology by bringing the crosscultural situation to bear on it. Through the seminal work of missiologist Lamin Sanneh's notion of the Gospel's linguistic translatability, Hunsinger's bilingual concept is extended so as to reconceive theology as that primal/primary language that in the hospitality of its Pentecostalness frees disciplines/languages (in this case, psychology) to full expression in aiding theology in its therapeutic enterprise. Reconceiving theology as a primal language of Pentecostal openness allows the echoes of other disciplinary languages (in this case, psychology) to be heard within theology itself. When viewed in this way, the relation of theology and psychology moves beyond either the correlational or the prevailing integration model. A primal linguistic framework conceives of them more like the interrelatedness-through-distinction of the triune persons in Trinitarian theology (perichoresis). The cros...
Reconstitution of mammalian CDK-activating kinase

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the reconstitution of mammalian CDK-activating kinase. To a large degree, understanding eukaryotic cell cycle regulation means understanding the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that drive cell cycle transitions. The ability to reconstitute active CDK-cyclin complexes in vitro from recombinant, over expressed subunits has been of tremendous importance in building that understanding. CAK is required to phosphorylate an activating threonine residue conserved in all mammalian CDKs involved in cell cycle progression; full activation of the CDK-cyclin complex depends on this modification. Early analyses of CDK activation in vitro relied on CAK supplied by crude or partially purified fractions of metazoan cell extracts.
Design and testing of the 2 MV heavy ion injector for the Fusion Energy Research Program

The Fusion Energy Research Group at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has constructed and tested a pulsed 2 MV injector that produces a driver size beam of potassium ions. This paper will describe the engineering aspects of this development which were generated in a closely coupled effort with the physics staff. The details of the ion source and beam transport physics are covered in another paper at this conference. This paper will discuss the design details of the pulse generator, the ion source, the extractor, the diode column, and the electrostatic quadrupole column. Included will be the test results and operating experience of the complete injector.
Probing small x QCD in ultraperipheral collisions at LHC

We summarize current evidence for onset of the Black Disk limit at the HERA energies and and argue that ultraperipheral collisions at LHC will provide unique new oportunities for studing of small x phenomena in the interactions with nucleons and nuclei in the energy range W ⩽ TeV allowing to extend the x range of HERA by a factor of ten.
Tradeoffs between coupling small and large processors for transaction processing

A methodology is developed to determine the number of processors needed to satisfy transaction throughput and response time requirements for processors of different MIPS (sizes). The minimum MIPS per processor required to satisfy response time and throughput constraints in a transaction processing complex of N coupled systems is also determined. For realistic overhead assumptions, despite large assumed cost advantages on a per-MIPS basis, it is found that very small systems may not match up to the cost/performance of some larger systems, when required to meet the same throughput and response-time constraints. If transactions running on smaller systems were allowed a larger response-time constraint, then it may be possible to construct a lower-cost system from smaller and less expensive processors, generally with lower supportable maximum throughput. Besides the coupling degradation between multiprocessor systems, there is a small systems effect. The cost criterion indicates that there is an optimum processor size below which total system costs would increase appreciably. >
Molecular characterization of an apical early endosomal glycoprotein from developing rat intestinal epithelial cells.

The apical endosomal compartment is thought to be involved in the sorting and selective transport of receptors and ligands across polarized epithelia. To learn about the protein components of this compartment, we have isolated and sequenced a cDNA that encodes a glycoprotein that is located in the apical endosomal tubules of developing rat intestinal epithelial cells. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a protein of 1216 amino acids with a molecular mass of 133,769 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence together with aminoterminal amino acid sequencing indicate that there is a cleaved 21-amino acid signal sequence at the NH2-terminal portion of the molecule. There is a single hydrophobic region near the carboxyl terminus that has the characteristics of a membrane-spanning domain and a 36-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. We have found that the major form of this protein in intestinal epithelial cells has a molecular mass of 55-60 kDa, which is significantly smaller than the size predicted from the cDNA sequence, suggesting that the protein is synthesized as a large precursor and processed to the smaller form. The smaller form remains associated with the membrane, however, possibly through noncovalent association with the transmembrane portion of the molecule or with another membrane protein. The extracytoplasmic domain is cysteine-rich, with three cysteine-rich repeats that are similar to cysteine repeats present in several receptor proteins. However, there is no other significant similarity to other proteins in the GenBank. The cytoplasmic tail contains a possible internalization motif and several consensus motifs for serine/threonine kinases. Northern blot analysis suggests a single abundant message, and Southern blot analysis is consistent with a single gene and the absence of pseudogenes for this unique endosomal protein.
Perioperative care of the lung transplant patient

Improvements in the perioperative management of lung transplant recipients have produced a 90% survival in the first 30 days following surgery. Detailed attention to donor organ procurement and preservation of the allograft are important in ensuring an early successful outcome. Early antibacterial administration based on donor or pretransplant cultures and antiviral therapy in CMV-negative recipients assist in avoiding early infectious complications. Development of hypoxemia or hemodynamic instability in the perioperative period requires a rapid, systematic evaluation with attention to mechanical, immunologic, or infectious causes. Nonpulmonary complications are not infrequent in lung transplant recipients.
Diabetes mellitus is independently associated with more severe cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease

Background There is increasing interest in interactions between metabolic syndromes and neurodegeneration. Diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to cognitive impairment in the elderly but its effect in Parkinson disease (PD) is not well studied.
From Functional Phospholide Ions to Bifunctional 1,1′-Diphosphaferrocenes

Both the 2-ethoxycarbonyl and the 2-benzoyl phospholides (1 and 2) react with FeCl2 in the presence of ZnCl2 to give the corresponding 2,2′-difunctional 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes as mixtures of meso...
Vibration analysis of a partially covered double sandwich cantilever beam with concentrated mass at the free end

Abstract A cantilever beam, partially covered by damping and constraining layers, with concentrated mass at the free end is studied. Euler beam theory is employed to derive the equations of motion of the system and the resonant frequency and loss factor of the system are analysed. The resonant frequency and system loss factor for different geometrical and physical parameters are determined. Variation of these two parameters are found to strongly depend on the geometrical and physical properties of the constraining layers and the mass ratio.
Behavior of primary and serially transplanted estrogen-dependent renal carcinoma cells in monolayer and in collagen gel culture.

When estrogen is present in culture medium, enzyme-dissociated cells from estrogen-induced primary renal tumors in Syrian hamsters and from 1st to 4th serially transplanted carcinomas in monolayer culture contain progesterone receptor levels that are similar and comparable to those in tumors in vivo (i.e., 2 pmol/3×106 cells). Despite the similarity of receptor levels in cultured cells isolated from primary and transplanted tumors, the ability of cells to be maintained in culture differs considerably from one tumor stage to another. When cultured as monolayers in plastic flasks, isolated cells from primary tumors exhibit a marked decline in cell number after 4 to 6 d in culture. On the other hand, monolayer-cultured cells from first and second transplantation tumors remain essentially constant in cell number over a 2 wk culture period and cells from third transplantation tumors undergo a two- to threefold increase in cell number during 2 wk in culture. When primary tumor cells are cultured in collagen gels, the decline in cell number over a 2 wk culture period is prevented and progesterone receptor levels remain elevated. Cells cultured from first transplantation tumors exhibit a delayed decline in cell number beginning after 2 wk in monolayer culture. The decline in cell number in monolayer culture, like that for cells from primary tumors, can be prevented by culturing cells from first transplantation tumors in collagen gels. Neither cells from primary nor first transplantation tumors exhibit significant increases in cell number in collagen gels. Increasing the serum concentration of growth medium to 30% does not stimulate growth of cells under these conditions. Cells isolated from fourth transplantation tumors undergo a fourfold increase in cell number over a 1 month culture period whether cells are cultured as monolayers or in collagen gels.
Glutamate-dependent active-site labeling of brain glutamate decarboxylase.

A major regulatory feature of brain glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is a cyclic reaction that controls the relative amounts of holoenzyme and apoenzyme [active and inactive GAD with and without bound pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (pyridoxal-P, the cofactor), respectively]. Previous studies have indicated that progression of the enzyme around the cycle should be stimulated strongly by the substrate, glutamate. To test this prediction, the effect of glutamate on the incorporation of pyridoxal-P into rat-brain GAD was studied by incubating GAD with [32P]pyridoxal-P, followed by reduction with NaBH4 to link irreversibly the cofactor to the enzyme. Adding glutamate to the reaction mixture strongly stimulated labeling of GAD, as expected. 4-Deoxypyridoxine 5′-phosphate (deoxypyridoxine-P), a close structural analogue of pyridoxal-P, was a competitive inhibitor of the activation of glutamate apodecarboxylase by pyridoxal-P (K1= 0.27 μM) and strongly inhibited glutamate-dependent labeling of GAD. Analysis of labeled GAD by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed two labeled proteins with apparent molecular masses of 59 and 63 kDa. Both proteins could be purified by immunoaffinity chromatography on a column prepared with a monoclonal antibody to GAD, and both were labeled in a glutamate-dependent, deoxypyridoxine-P-sensitive manner, indicating that both were GAD. Three peaks of GAD activity (termed peaks I, II, and III) were separated by chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, labeled with [32P]pyridoxal-P, purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Peak I contained only the 59-kDa labeled protein. Peaks II and III contained the both the 59- and 63-kDa proteins, but in differing proportions. The 59-kDa protein predominated in peak II and the 63-kDa protein in peak III. A similar pattern of proteins was observed with each of the immunoaffinity-purified peaks of enzyme activity on silver-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gels. 32P-Labeled peak-I GAD and the 59- and 63-kDa bands of peak III were each exhaustively digested with chymotrypsin and chromatographed on sulfopropyl and reverse-phase HPLC columns. The elution profiles of the digests were very similar, and each contained a single major peak of radioactivity, as would be expected if the same active-site peptide was labeled. The strong stimulation by glutamate of labeling with [32P]pyridoxal-P is entirely consistent with the mechanism of GAD inferred from previous studies and provides further evidence for the glutamate-dependent cyclic interconversion of the apo- and holoenzymes.
Personality and adolescent pregnancy outcomes

Aims To examine the relationship between personality, pregnancy and birth outcomes in adolescents. Background Personality has been shown to be a strong predictor of many health outcomes. Adolescents who become pregnant have worse birth outcomes than adults. Design Cross-sectional study using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (baseline, 1994–1995; follow-up, 2007–2008). Methods The study sample was 6529 girls, 820 of whom reported on pregnancy outcomes for a teenage birth. Personality data were taken from the Mini International Personality Item Pool personality tool, which measures the five-factor personality traits of neuroticism, conscientiousness, intellect/imagination, extraversion and agreeableness. Logistic regression was used to predict teen pregnancy and linear regression was used to predict birth weight and gestational age with adjustment for confounders and stratification by race. Results Agreeableness and intellect/imagination were associated with a reduced likelihood of becoming pregnant as an adolescent, while neuroticism, conscientiousness and extraversion were all associated with an increased likelihood of becoming pregnant. Higher neuroticism was associated with lower birth weight and gestational age among Black girls, but not non-Black. Conscientiousness was associated with lower gestational age among non-Black girls. No relationships were found with extraversion or agreeableness and birth outcomes. Receiving late or no prenatal care was associated with higher intellect/imagination. Conclusions Personality is understudied with respect to pregnancy and birth outcomes compared with other health outcomes. Such research could help professionals and clinicians design and target programmes that best fit the characteristics of the population most likely to need them, such as those with high neuroticism.
Metal and nutrient behavior in the Raritan estuary, New Jersey, U.S.A.: The effect of multiple freshwater and industrial waste inputs

Abstract A geochemical analysis of the Raritan estuary during high and low river flow is presented. Several statistical and graphical approaches, in addition to a hydrodynamic model of the Raritan estuary, are used to demonstrate the effects of lateral inputs on trace-element distribution in a complicated fluvial-marine system. Results from factor and cluster analysis show that nutrient-salinity distributions on both sampling dates are controlled primarily by freshwater-saltwater mixing. Industrial and municipal waste sources within the estuary are important in controlling dissolved organic carbon (at low flow) and dissolved and bottom sediment trace metals. Biological and physico-chemical reactions have a significant, but secondary effect on nutrient and trace-metal distributions with salinity. Apparent flux calculations and property-property plots show that for dissolved phosphate, nitrate and inorganic carbon, the Raritan estuary can be divided into two mixing zones, with the Raritan River controlling nutrient concentrations in the lower-salinity stretches and the South River controlling their distributions at intermediate and higher salinities. High enrichment factors of most metals in estuary bottom sediment reveal that this is an important and semi-permanent sink for trace metals in the Raritan system. Previous work on suspended sediment in the estuary and river substantiates that this load is also an important sink for trace metals; however, many of these metals are in leachable modes which are more susceptible to release and incorporation into the food chain.
Biochemical properties of A-homovitamin D derivatives: 1,4-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-A-homo-19-nor-9, 10-secocholesta-5,7-dienes.

Abstract A study has been made in the chick of the stereostructural requirements of A-ring-functionalized vitamin D analogs which elicit vitamin D 3 and 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 -dependent biological responses of intestinal calcium absorption (ICA) and bone calcium mobilization (BCM). Ring expansion of vitamin D 3 to produce (1 S ,4 S ), (1 S ,4 R ), or (1 R ,4 S )-(7 E )-1,4-dihydroxy-3-deoxy-A-homo-19-nor-9,10-secocholesta-5,7-dienes resulted in the loss of both ICA and BCM biological activity at dose levels of steroid of up to 650 nmol/0.1 kg birds. Accordingly the three A-homo analogs of vitamin D 3 were assessed for their ability to inhibit or increase the ICA or BCM responses of D 3 and 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 . Only (1 R ,4 S )-(7 E )-diol-C, maintaining a cis -β,β-hydroxyl orientation showed antagonistic biological activity. Intraperitoneal doses (65–325 nmol) of diol-C administered in conjunction with D 3 (0.8–3.25 nmol) inhibited the BCM responses selectively and had no effect on the ICA response. Doses of analog-C (16.3-3.25 nmol) injected before and after the active hormone 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 (0.13–01.30 nmol) stimulated the ICA response of the latter above its normal levels (a synergistic response) when administered alone.
Observation of hyperfine splitting on an x-ray laser transition.

We report the first observation of hyperfine splitting on an x-ray laser transition. Hyperfine splitting can have a major impact on laser gain and help explain anomalous behavior and poor performance of x-ray lasers with odd [ital Z]. In our experiments we measure the line shape of the [ital J]=0[r arrow]1, 3[ital p][r arrow]3[ital s] transition in Ne-like Nb and Zr and observe a 28 mA splitting between the two largest hyperfine components in the Nb ([ital Z]=41) line at 145.9 A, in good agreement with theory. As predicted, no splitting is observed in Zr ([ital Z]=40).
Inhibitory effect of red alga lectin and skipjack fat on the growth of the red tide plankton Chattonella antiqua

Abstract Lectin prepared from Gracilaria verrucosa and fish fat extracted from skipjack muscle were investigated for their activities against the growth of the red tide plankton Chattonella antiqua . Addition of the seaweed lectin at 50 μg/ml altered the morphology of the plankton cells, which became shrunken form, and their growth was completely suppressed. Skipjack fat not only inhibited microalgal growth but also destroyed the cells within 5 min at 20 μg/ml. These marine materials are promising candidates for restraining the action of red tide planktons.