cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proton pump inhibitor–induced rhabdomyolysis and hyponatremic delirium ☆

Many consider proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to be devoid of adverse effects; however, PPIs can cause serious adverse effects. We report on the case of an emergency department patient with omeprazole-induced hyponatremic delirium and rhabdomyolysis. Proton pump inhibitors are initially overlooked as a cause of hyponatremia and myopathy in the emergency department, as with our case. This case is also unique because no publication has reported on both hyponatremia and severe myopathy after PPI therapy. The patient recovered completely after cessation of omeprazole and initiation of intravenous saline hydration and desmopressin infusion.
Near-infrared fluorescent nanocapsules with reversible response to thermal/pH modulation for optical imaging.

Polymeric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanocapsules were developed, of which the fluorescence exhibited reversible response to local thermal/pH modulation. Our strategy was to use polymeric mice...
ConfChem Conference on Educating the Next Generation: Green and Sustainable Chemistry—Green Chemistry and Sustainability through the American Chemical Society Education Division and Committee on Environmental Improvement

The Education Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the Joint Board/Council ACS Committee on Environmental Improvement (CEI) have complementary roles in facilitating the incorporation of sustainability and green chemistry principles into the chemistry curriculum at multiple levels. The Education Division provides specific products such as the Chemistry in Context textbook, whose new edition features sustainability integrated throughout, and workshops in green chemistry. CEI crafts environmental policy statements for the Society and promotes the incorporation of sustainability into chemical education through joint programming with the Division of Chemical Education and through specifically targeted projects. This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the ConfChem on Educating the Next Generation: Green and Sustainable Chemistry, held from May 7 to June 30, 2010 and hosted by the ACS DivCHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education (CCCE).
Psychiatry in Medicine: five years of experience with an innovative required fourth-year medical school course.

Objective The author reports on a required fourth-year course, Psychiatry in Medicine, which was started in 1999 at Stony Brook Medical School. The aim was to address two important concerns in medical education at Stony Brook and throughout the United States: 1) the failure to recognize psychiatric pathology in outpatient medical settings and 2) the lack of education about psychosomatic medicine.
Alternative Drug Therapies for Dementia

Drugs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease include acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (i.e., tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and glutamate-modulating (i.e., memantine) drugs. Because these drugs have modest benefits, various alternative drug therapies have been of interest. Drugs with vasodilator activity were originally tried in dementia when it was hypothesized that the condition was due to cerebrovascular insufficiency. Isoxsuprine and ergoloid mesylates are FDA approved for the treatment of dementia, although they have limited evidence of benefit and are rarely used. The hypothesis that free radicals may initiate and maintain mechanisms responsible for neurode-generation in dementia has stimulated interest in investigating various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs. There is no evidence that other drug therapies, including vitamin E, selegiline, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statin drugs, omega-3 fatty acids, estrogen or combined estrogen plus progestin therapy, or B vitamins, are sufficiently effective and safe to justify their clinical use for the treatment of dementing disorders.
Application of aerosol speciation data as an in situ dust proxy for validation of the Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (DREAM)

Abstract The Dust REgional Atmospheric Model (DREAM) predicts concentrations of mineral dust aerosols in time and space, but validation is challenging with current in situ particulate matter (PM) concentration measurements. Measured levels of ambient PM often contain anthropogenic components as well as windblown mineral dust. In this study, two approaches to model validation were performed with data from preexisting air quality monitoring networks: using hourly concentrations of total PM with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ); and using a daily averaged speciation-derived soil component. Validation analyses were performed for point locations within the cities of El Paso (TX), Austin (TX), Phoenix (AZ), Salt Lake City (UT) and Bakersfield (CA) for most of 2006. Hourly modeled PM 2.5 did not validate at all with hourly observations among the sites (combined R N = 24,302 hourly values). Aerosol chemical speciation data distinguished between mineral (soil) dust from anthropogenic ambient PM. As expected, statistically significant improvements in correlation among all stations (combined R = 0.16, N = 343 daily values) were found when the soil component alone was used to validate DREAM. The validation biases that result from anthropogenic aerosols were also reduced using the soil component. This is seen in the reduction of the root mean square error between hourly in situ versus hourly modeled (RMSE hourly = 18.6 μg m −3 ) and 24-h in situ speciation values versus daily averaged observed (RMSE soil = 12.0 μg m −3 ). However, the lack of a total reduction in RMSE indicates there is still room for improvement in the model. While the soil component is the theoretical proxy of choice for a dust transport model, the current sparse and infrequent sampling is not ideal for routine hourly air quality forecast validation.
Analysis of 500 obstetric and gynecologic malpractice claims: Causes and prevention

Five hundred obstetric and gynecologic malpractice litigation claims were analyzed to determine the incidence of claims that could not be defended because of breach of standards of care, problems with documentation, or both. Of the 500 claims, 294 were obstetric and 206 were gynecologic. Of the obstetric claims, 79 (27%) were indefensible because of breaches of standards of care (71 %), problems with documentation (5%), or both (24%). Of the 206 gynecologic claims, 45 (22%) were indefensible because of breaches of standards of care (62%), problems with documentation (24%), or both (13%). The incidence of indefensible obstetric and gynecologic claims was 25%. Indefensible claims were analyzed to determine the common medical and surgical problems that instigated the malpractice suits. Recommendations are made that should reduce the incidence of indefensible malpractice suits.
A unified view of interior point methods for linear programming

The paper shows how various interior point methods for linear programming may all be derived from logarithmic barrier methods. These methods include primal and dual projective methods, affine methods, and methods based on the method of centers. In particular, the paper demonstrates that Karmarkar's algorithm is equivalent to a classical logarithmic barrier method applied to a problem in standard form.
Paid Agroindustrial Work and Unpaid Caregiving for Dependents: The Gendered Dialectics between Structure and Agency in Colombia

Export-oriented industries, such as floriculture, have long been promoted as tools for international development and economic growth. In addition, women's employment has been promoted as key to improving gender equity and alleviating poverty. Indeed, the floriculture industry in Colombia has been a source of empowerment and security for women, given the absence of employment alternatives and a sociocultural milieu that had proscribed participation by rural women in the formal labor sector. Yet, after three decades of floriculture production, the industry is at a crossroads in terms of worker turnover. The claims of job insecurity still leveled against the industry by labor advocates are quite the opposite in that worker turnover might be compromising the industry's future. Why do workers, in particular women, leave one farm after a few months or 1 or 2 years of working there? This article explores the dialectic of structure and agency issues between the floriculture industry and its workers.
The death sentence in Georgia, 1974-1987 criminal justice or racial injustice?

Statistics regarding the death penalty in the state of Georgia have been interpreted as evidence of racial bias in sentencing procedures. Men who killed white victims were more likely to receive the death penalty than if the victims were black, and this was especially the case if the murderer was black. This study considered two interpretations of these statistics. One proposed that the men receiving the death penalty generally were more dangerous, so that the sentences tended to be merited without regard to race of victim or murderer. The other proposed that racial discrimination had been instrumental in determining who received the death penalty and who received a life sentence. The results, covering a period between 1974 and 1987, were consistent with the dangerousness proposal and suggested that the Georgia system was responding to legitimate criminal justice variables. Language: en
Simulation and control of aggregate surface morphology in a two-stage thin film deposition process for improved light trapping

Abstract This work focuses on the development of a model predictive control algorithm to simultaneously regulate the aggregate surface slope and roughness of a thin film growth process to optimize thin film light reflectance and transmittance. Specifically, a two-stage thin film deposition process, which involves two microscopic processes: an adsorption process and a migration process, is modeled based on a one-dimensional solid-on-solid square lattice. The first stage of this process utilizes a uniform deposition rate profile to control the thickness of the thin film and the second stage of the process utilizes a spatially distributed deposition rate profile to control the surface morphology of the thin film. Kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) methods are used to simulate this two-stage thin film deposition process. To characterize the surface morphology and to evaluate the light trapping efficiency of the thin film, aggregate surface roughness and slope corresponding to length scale of visible light are introduced as the root-mean squares of the aggregate surface height profile and aggregate surface slope profile. An Edwards–Wilkinson (EW)-type equation with appropriately computed parameters is used to describe the dynamics of the surface height profile and predict the evolution of the aggregate root-mean-square (RMS) roughness and aggregate RMS slope. A model predictive control algorithm is then developed on the basis of the EW equation model to regulate the aggregate RMS slope and the aggregate RMS roughness at desired levels. Closed-loop simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model predictive control algorithm in successfully regulating the aggregate RMS slope and the aggregate RMS roughness at desired levels that optimize thin film light reflectance and transmittance.
Increased telomere size in sperm cells of mammals with long terminal (TTAGGG)n arrays

An increase in the length of telomeres in human sperm compared to somatic cells has long been noted and considered within a popular hypothesis involving telomere shortening and cell aging. In the present study we determined telomere length in two species with long terminal TTAGGG arrays--bovine and porcine. Using several independent methods we demonstrate that the telomeres in the sperm of human, porcine and bovine are elongated by 69%, 24%, and 14%, respectively, in comparison with somatic tissues. Therefore, increased sperm telomere length is a feature preserved throughout mammalian evolution. The biological role of this phenomenon is discussed in the context of telomere functions in meiosis and fertilization.
The Non-Steric Origin of Specific Disrotatory Ring—Openings in Solvolyses of Cyclopropyl Derivatives. The 2-Fluorocyclopropyl Bromide System

Abstract The syntheses and acetolyses of trans-and cis-1-fluoro-2-bromocyclopropanes are reported, with the trans/cis relative rate ratio for acetolysis found to be 19 at 100°C.
Transmission in double quantum dots in the Kondo regime: Quantum-critical transitions and interference effects

We study the transmission through a double quantum-dot system in the Kondo regime. An exact expression for the transmission coefficient in terms of fully interacting many-body Green's functions is obtained. By mapping the system into an effective Anderson impurity model, one can determine the transmission using numerical renormalization group methods. The transmission exhibits signatures of the different Kondo regimes of the effective model, including an unusual Kondo phase with split peaks in the spectral function, as well as a pseudogapped regime exhibiting a quantum critical transition between Kondo and unscreened phases.
(Re)Inventing Berlin: Dialectics of Power, Symbols and Pasts, 1990–1995

AFTER GERMAN UNIFICATION East and West Berlin became united, and the once divided city acquired again the status of the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. During this historic moment the urban district of Mitte in former socialist East Berlin became one of the most contested landscapes in the city. From 1990 to 1995 a striking politics of culture was launched, in which street names as carriers of one past were used as instruments in the production of the new past and the new present (eine Vergangenheitsbewaltigung and eine Gegenwartsbewaltigung).
FULLY DEVELOPED HEAT TRANSFER IN A ROTATING NON-ALIGNED STRAIGHT TUBE

Fully developed heat transfer in fluids flowing steadily through a rotating non-aligned straight tube is studied theoretically. A regular perturbation solution of the governing energy equation is developed for a constant wall flux boundary condition; this solution is valid only for “sufficiently mild” Coriolis disturbances. The asymptotic Nusselt number, complete to third order, is obtained from these results. Within the estimated region of validity of this solution the convective heat transfer coefficient depends on three independent dimensionless parameters. The first parameter serves as a Peclet number for energy transfer in the plane of the tube cross-section whereas the second and third parameters are proportional to the axial and transverse components of the Coriolis acceleration. Increasing the Coriolis acceleration will lead to transport enhancement relative to an analogous stationary straight tube exchange device.
The professional relations of the physician

(1938). The professional relations of the physician. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 115-117.
Nutrition of the Developing Embryo and Hatchling

Nutrient needs central to satisfactory egg incubation well-being undergo several major changes from fertilization until the reliance of the chick on feed. Glucose is central, with the initiation of incubation until the chorioallantois accesses O(2) to use for fatty acid oxidation. Nutrient recovery from albumen and yolk is largely commensurate with body assembly through to completion of the embryo by 14 d. Remaining albumen mixes with the amniotic fluid and is orally consumed until initiation of emergence. A portion of the albumen is absorbed by the small intestine to expand body glycogen reserves. The residual not absorbed contains digestive enzyme contributions and enters the yolk sac through its stalk at the jejunum and ileum. Interaction of the albumen-amnion digestive enzyme mixture with yolk sac contents leads to diverse alterations that influence subsequent use of lipids. Rapid removal of very low-density lipoprotein ensues, until pipping with triglycerides, expanding body fat depots while cholesterol deposits in the liver. A concurrent translocation of Ca from shell mineralizes the skeletal system while also crossing yolk sac villi for deposition on phosvitin-based granules accruing in its lumen. Loss of chorioallantois with pipping and the start of pulmonary respiration predispose a dependence on glycolysis to support emergence. Small intestinal villi progressively reorient their enterocytes from macromolecule transfer to competence at digestion and absorption after hatching. Mobilization of body fat complements contributions from the yolk sac to provide fatty acids for generating energy, heat, and water while also combining with hepatic cholesterol for membrane expansion and continued development. Calcified granules evacuate the yolk sac to further skeletal mineralization in the absence of shell contributions. Egg mass, its interior quality, and turning during early incubation directly influence the ability of the embryo to access nutrients and provide resources to support emergence and the transition of the chick to self-sufficiency.
Real-time unsupervised speaker change detection

Information on speaker change point is very useful for speaker tracking and other applications. In this paper, we presented an effective algorithm for automatic speaker change detection based on LSP correlation analysis. Moreover, a general case is considered, in which the speaker and speaker number are both assumed unknown. The algorithm has low complexity and can be processed in real-time with a limit delay. Our experiments have shown that the algorithms produce very satisfactory results.
Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate adult neurogenesis

Omega-3 fatty acids play crucial roles in the development and function of the central nervous system. These components, which must be obtained from dietary sources, have been implicated in a variety of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the presence of omega-6 fatty acids may interfere with omega-3 fatty acid metabolism. The present study investigated whether changes in dietary ratios of omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids influence neurogenesis in the lobster (Homarus americanus) brain where, as in many vertebrate species, neurogenesis persists throughout life. The factors that regulate adult neurogenesis are highly conserved among species, and the crustacean brain has been successfully utilized as a model for investigating this process. In this study, lobsters were fed one of three diets that differed in fatty acid content. These animals were subsequently incubated in 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect cells in S-phase of the cell cycle. A quantitative analysis of the resulting BrdU-labeled cells in the projection neuron cluster in the brain shows that short-term augmentation of dietary omega-3 relative to omega-6 fatty acids results in significant increases in the numbers of S-phase cells, and that the circadian pattern of neurogenesis is also altered. It is proposed that the ratio of omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids may alter neurogenesis via modulatory influences on membrane proteins, cytokines and/or neurotrophins.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin ii receptor antagonists in the treatment of heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Abstract Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in left ventricular systolic dysfunction is a critically important determinant in the pathophysiologic processes that lead to progression of heart failure and sudden death. Angiotensin II, acting at the specific angiotensin receptor (AT 1 -R), activates a series of intracellular signaling sequences which are ultimately expressed within the cardiovascular system as vasoconstriction and associated vascular hypertrophy and remodeling. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition leads to increases in the vasodilatory peptides bradykinin and substance P and at least an initial reduction in angiotensin II concentrations. AT 1 -R blocking drugs prevent access of angiotensin II to the AT 1 -R and thus prevent cellular activation. ACE inhibitors have clearly been demonstrated through a large number of clinical trials to increase survival in congestive heart failure, primarily by reducing the rate of progression of left ventricular dilatation and decompensation. However, this beneficial effect diminishes over time. Preliminary short-term clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of AT 1 -R blocking drugs in the treatment of heart failure have suggested that they elicit similar hemodynamic and neuroendocrine effects as do the ACE inhibitors. The combination ACE inhibitors and AT 1 -R blocking drugs offer the theoretical advantage of increasing bradykinin while blocking the actions of angiotensin II, and thus possibly show a synergistic effect. Again, preliminary studies have yielded encouraging results that are difficult to interpret because neither ACE inhibitor nor the AT 1 -R blocking drug doses were titrated to tolerance. Pharmacological manipulation of the RAAS has led to better understanding of its role in heart failure and improved clinical outcomes. Copyright © 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol. 41, No. 4 (January/February), 1999: pp 265-300
Emerging Epigenetic Targets and Therapies in Cancer Medicine

Abnormalities in the epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure and function can lead to aberrant gene expression and cancer development. Consequently, epigenetic therapies aim to restore normal chromatin modification patterns through the inhibition of various components of the epigenetic machinery. Histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors represent the first putative epigenetic therapies; however, these agents have pleiotropic effects and it remains unclear how they lead to therapeutic responses. More recently, drugs that inhibit histone methyltransferases were developed, perhaps representing more specific agents. We review emerging epigenetic targets in cancer and present recent models of promising epigenetic therapies. Significance: The use of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors in patients has validated the use of drugs targeted to epigenetic enzymes and strengthened the need for development of additional therapies. In this review, we summarize recently discovered epigenetic abnormalities, their implications for cancer, and the approaches taken for discovering small-molecule inhibitors targeting various properties of the epigenetic machinery. Cancer Discov; 2(5) ; 405–13. ©2012 AACR .
The Nuttall Q function - its relation to the Marcum Q function and its application in digital communication performance evaluation

The Nuttall (1972) Q function is introduced and, for the case where the sum of its two order indices is odd, a closed-form expression is derived for it in terms of the Marcum (1950) Q function and modified Bessel functions of the first kind. Alternatively, a finite-range integral expression is also given for it, which has the identical form to that of the generalized Marcum Q function. Finally, digital communication performance applications involving the Nuttall Q function are presented to justify the value of the results.
Mobile News Adoption among Young Adults Examining the Roles of Perceptions, News Consumption, and Media Usage

Using the frameworks of innovation diffusion and technology acceptance model, this study examines the predictors of mobile news consumption among young adults. The results show that the perceived relative advantage (especially content), utility, and ease of use of mobile news are positively related to its adoption. The young adults’ news consumption patterns and preferences, as well as media usage, all play a role in the adoption of mobile news. This study also validates the importance of examining the adoption outcome from multiple perspectives.
A systematic examination of smoke-free policies in multiunit dwellings in Virginia as reported by property managers: implications for prevention.

Abstract Purpose. In most states, smoking has been curtailed to some extent in public buildings, workplaces, and restaurants. The next frontier for smoke-free policies is the multiunit dwelling industry. However, the extent to which smoke-free housing currently is available is unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure the market for smoke-free housing in Virginia and to identify barriers to adopting smoke-free policies. Design. Telephone interviews were conducted with property managers of rental apartments, townhouses, senior housing, and public housing in four Virginia cities. Setting. Four cities in Virginia. Subjects. Two hundred sixty-three property managers in four cities in Virginia (approximately 75 property managers per city). Measures. Property managers were administered a brief telephone survey. Results. Only 33.8% of property managers reported some type of smoke-free policy, with only 15% of those policies prohibiting smoking in residential units. Most property managers without a smoke-...
Material Cultures: Why Some Things Matter.

Material Cultures: Why Some Things Matter. Daniel Miller. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. 244 pp.
Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women

The effects of soy protein (40 g/d) containing moderate and higher concentrations of isoflavones on blood lipid profiles, mononuclear cell LDL receptor messenger RNA, and bone mineral density and content were investigated in 66 free- living, hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women during a 6-mo, parallel-group, double-blind trial with 3 interventions. After a control period of 14 d, during which subjects followed a National Cholesterol Education Program Step I low-fat, low- cholesterol diet, all subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary groups: Step I diet with 40 g protein/d obtained from casein and nonfat dry milk (CNFDM), Step I diet with 40 g pro- tein/d from isolated soy protein containing 1.39 mg isoflavones/g protein (ISP56), or Step I diet with 40 g protein/d from isolated soy protein containing 2.25 mg isoflavones/g pro- tein (ISP90). Total and regional bone mineral content and densi- ty were assessed. Non-HDL cholesterol for both ISP56 and ISP90 groups was reduced compared with the CNFDM group (P < 0.05). HDL cholesterol increased in both ISP56 and ISP90 groups (P < 0.05). Mononuclear cell LDL receptor mRNA was increased in subjects consuming ISP56 or ISP90 compared with those consuming CNFDM (P < 0.05). Significant increases occurred in both bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine but not elsewhere for the ISP90 group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Intake of soy protein at both isoflavone concentrations for 6 mo may decrease the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Howev- er, only the higher isoflavone-containing product protected against spinal bone loss. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68(suppl):1375S-9S.
A Large-Scale Computer Facility for Computational Aerodynamics

As a result of advances related to the combination of computer system technology and numerical modeling, computational aerodynamics has emerged as an essential element in aerospace vehicle design methodology. NASA has, therefore, initiated the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Program with the objective to provide a basis for further advances in the modeling of aerodynamic flowfields. The Program is concerned with the development of a leading-edge, large-scale computer facility. This facility is to be made available to Government agencies, industry, and universities as a necessary element in ensuring continuing leadership in computational aerodynamics and related disciplines. Attention is given to the requirements for computational aerodynamics, the principal specific goals of the NAS Program, the high-speed processor subsystem, the workstation subsystem, the support processing subsystem, the graphics subsystem, the mass storage subsystem, the long-haul communication subsystem, the high-speed data-network subsystem, and software.
Interplay of thermoelectric cooling and electroluminescence refrigeration in LEDs

Vibration-free solid-state optical coolers are promising candidates to replace mechanical Stirling coolers in many applications, especially in satellites and other space based systems. Among the many possible approaches, electroluminescence refrigeration using light emitting diodes (LEDs) is a highly desirable approach since LEDs are easy to integrate with electronic and optical devices to provide local cooling. Since electroluminescence refrigeration in LEDs involves both thermoelectric (TE) and optical processes, the interplay between these effects needs to be understood. In this paper, the study of electroluminescence refrigeration involving TE cooling effects in LEDs is presented. Unlike conventional TE coolers, which only provide heat transfer, electroluminescence coolers can achieve net cooling.
The Job Market's First Steps: Using Research Tools to Simplify the Process

Excitement about the political science job market builds around the time of the Labor Day Annual Meeting of the APSA, when schools start to post their openings for the next year. As we entered the job market, we found ourselves repeatedly collecting information about available positions as we prepared application materials. We monitored APSA's eJobs website, cut and pasted relevant job information into a single spreadsheet, and assembled letters using that information. Here, we introduce free and open-source tools to automate these data collection and letter generation procedures using R and LaTeX. Our system minimizes manual data entry by extracting and creating a spreadsheet from APSA's eJobs information. We walk applicants through the initial job search steps, including using eJobs, compiling position information, and producing attractive letters.
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of the Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Wild Type and p53K317R Knock-in Mouse Thymocytes

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a sequence-specific transcription factor that has crucial roles in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, and DNA repair. Following exposure to a variety of stresses, p53 becomes post-translationally modified with concomitant increases in activity and stability. To better understand the role of acetylation of Lys-317 in mouse p53, the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on the thymocytes of p53K317R knock-in mice was studied at the global level. Using cleavable ICAT quantitative mass spectrometry, the effect of IR on protein levels in either the wild type or p53K317R thymocytes was determined. We found 102 proteins to be significantly affected by IR in the wild type thymocytes, including several whose expression has been shown to be directly regulated by p53. When the effects of IR in the wild type and p53K317R samples were compared, 46 proteins were found to be differently affected (p
Chemoprotection against cancer by induction of Phase 2 enzymes

Induction of Phase 2 enzymes is an effective and sufficient strategy for achieving protection against the toxic and neoplastic effects of many carcinogens. It is proposed that the concept of Phase 2 enzymes as being responsible only for the conjugation of functionalized xenobiotics with endogenous cellular ligands such as glutathione (glutathione S-transferases) and glucuronic acid (UDP-glucuronosyltransferases) be expanded to include proteins with the following common characteristics: (a) coordinate induction by a broad range of chemical agents that all have the capacity to react with sulfhydryl groups; (b) possible regulation by common promoter elements; and (c) catalysis of reactions that lead to comprehensive protection against electrophile and reactive oxygen toxicities, by a wide variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include: conjugation with endogenous ligands, chemical modification of reactive features of molecules that can damage DNA and other macromolecules, and generation or augementation of cellular antioxidants. In addition to the above conjugating enzymes, a provisional and partial list of Phase 2 proteins might include: NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, epoxide hydrolase, dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, heme oxygenase-1, leukotriene B4 dehydrogenase, aflatoxin B1 dehydrogenase, and ferritin.
Novel cylindrical illuminator tip for ultraviolet light delivery

The design, processing, and sequential testing of a novel cylindrical diffusing optical fiber tip for ultraviolet light delivery is described. This device has been shown to uniformly (+/- 15%) illuminate angioplasty balloons, 20 mm in length, that are used in an experimental photochemotherapeutic treatment of swine intimal hyperplasia. Our experiments show that uniform diffusing tips of < 400 micron diameter can be reliably constructed for this and other interstitial applications. Modeling results indicate that this design is scalable to smaller diameters. The diffusing tips are made by stripping the protective buffer and etching away the cladding over a length of 20 mm from the fiber tip and replacing it with a thin layer of optical epoxy mixed with Al 2 O 3 powder. To improve the uniformity and ease of fabrication, we have evaluated a new device configuration where the tip is etched into a modified conical shape, and the distal end face is polished and then coated with an optically opaque epoxy. This is shown to uniformly scatter ~ 70% of the light launched into the fiber without forward transmission. To our knowledge, we are the first to use this device configuration, and we have achieved a uniform cylindrical pattern of laser energy with the uniformity < ± 15% of the average value.
Assessing generic strategies: an empirical investigation of two competing typologies in discrete manufacturing industries

In spite of the extensive empirical evidence supporting Porter's (1980) typology of generic strategies, many researchers have criticized it for its conceptual limitations. To address these criticisms, Mintzberg (1988) proposed an alternative typology of generic strategies. Our findings, based on a survey of executives in manufacturing firms, provide support for Mintzberg's typology and fail to support Porter's typology. Given the findings, we call for further empirical validation of competing typologies to revitalize research on generic strategies.
The Allometric Relationship between Resting Metabolic Rate and Body Mass in Wild Waterfowl (Anatidae) and an Application to Estimation of Winter Habitat Requirements

Abstract We examined the allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR; kJ day−1) and body mass (kg) in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) by regressing RMR on body mass using species means from data obtained from published literature (18 sources, 54 measurements, 24 species; all data from captive birds). There was no significant difference among measurements from the rest (night; n = 37), active (day; n = 14), and unspecified (n = 3) phases of the daily cycle (P > 0.10), and we pooled these measurements for analysis. The resulting power function (aMassb) for all waterfowl (swans, geese, and ducks) had an exponent (b; slope of the regression) of 0.74, indistinguishable from that determined with commonly used general equations for nonpasserine birds (0.72–0.73). In contrast, the mass proportionality coefficient (b; y-intercept at mass = 1 kg) of 422 exceeded that obtained from the nonpasserine equations by 29%–37%. Analyses using independent contrasts correcting for phylogeny did not substantially alt...
Modeling of Hot Tearing and Other Defects in Casting Processes

As computational models mature, their practical benefit to improving casting processes is growing. Accurate calculation of fluid velocities, temperature, microstructure, and stress evolution is just the first step. Achieving tangible improvements to casting processes requires the accurate prediction of actual casting defects and product properties. Defects that form during solidification are important not just to the casting engineer, because they are responsible for many of the defects in final manufactured products, and failures in service. They originate from inclusion entrapment, segregation, shrinkage cavities, porosity, mold-wall interactions, cracks, and many other sources that are process-specific. Casting defects can be modeled by extending the results of casting simulations through post processing, and/or by solving further coupled equations that govern these phenomena. The prediction of defect formation is made difficult by the staggering complexity of the phenomena that arise during commercial casting processes. This chapter introduces some of the concepts involved in modeling some of these solidification defects, and focuses in more detail on hot tearing.
Systematic Review of Ambulatory Transitional Care Management (TCM) Visits on Hospital 30-Day Readmission Rates:

To reduce readmission rates and prevent adverse outcomes after discharge, hospitals have begun implementing "transitional care" initiatives. This systematic review identifies research on the particular set of services now reimbursable by Medicare (transitional care management [TCM]) and evaluates the studies for program effectiveness. Results of 3 databases were screened for peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2004 and 2015 that report on readmissions of adults in the US health care system under the Medicare TCM bundle. ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for funded studies. Of 969 identified studies, 77 met inclusion criteria for relevance to transitional care and appropriateness of population and setting. Of these, only 3 articles incorporated all required elements for TCM service. Although 2 were program improvement designs and none were randomized controlled studies, each report reduced readmission rates. Evidence for TCM effectiveness is limited. Additional study of TCM implementation and programmatic support for TCM is warranted.
Acid-production and other Characters of Bacillus-Coli-Like Bacteria from Feces and Sewage

The ability to decompose carbohydrates with the formation of acid has long been recognized as one of the characteristics of Bacilluscoli-like bacteria. This property of acid-production is the basis for the isolation of B. coli on the Wurtz litmus-lactose-agar plate, and also for the separation of B. coli from its relatives, B. typhosus and B. paratyphosus, on the Conradi-Drigalski agar medium. The ability to ferment various substances has been further utilized as a basis for the subdivision of the colon-aerogenes group. In these studies on classification, however, attention has been focused upon gas-formation rather than upon acid-production. Browne,1 in an extensive study of certain factors influencing acidproduction, points out that Bacillus-coli-like bacteria isolated from oysters formed less acid from carbohydrates than those isolated from human stools, and he attributed the difference to a loss of fermenting power by the organisms in their passage through sewage from the intestines to the oysters. Unfortunately, this investigator did not differentiate the different types of organisms with which he was working. It is entirely probable that the smaller amount of acid observed among the oyster strains was due to a greater incidence of some particular type or species of Bacillus-coli-like microorganism rather than to a loss of fermenting power on the part of the intestinal forms. [After the completion of the experimental work for this paper, an article appeared by Clark and Lubs,2 who pointed out that bovine fecal strains of B. coli give rise to a higher H-f--ion concentration in glucose than do nonfecal (grain) strains.] The present investigation was undertaken to determine the following : 1. Do Bacillus-coli-like organisms from different sources (particularly animal sources) give rise to different amounts of acid in the
Cervical spine injuries, mechanisms, stability and AIS scores from vertical loading applied to military environments.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine injuries to osteo-ligamentous structures of cervical column, mechanisms, forces, severities and AIS scores from vertical accelerative loading. Methods Seven human cadaver head-neck complexes (56.9 ± 9.5 years) were aligned based on seated the posture of military soldiers. Army combat helmets were used. Specimens were attached to a vertical accelerator to apply caudo-cephalad g-forces. They were accelerated with increasing insults. Intermittent palpation and radiography were done. A roof structure mimicking military vehicle interior was introduced after a series of tests and experiments were conducted following similar protocols. Upon injury detection, CT and dissection were done. Temporal force responses were extracted, peak forces and times of occurrence were obtained, injury severities were graded, and spine stability was determined. Results Injuries occurred in tests only when the roof structure was included. Responses were tri-phasic: initial thrust, secondary tensile, tertiary roof contact phases. Peak forces: 1364-4382 N, initial thrust, 165-169 N, secondary tensile, 868-3368 N tertiary helmet-head roof contact phases. Times of attainments: 5.3-9.6, 31.7-42.6, 55.0-70.8 ms. Injuries included fractures and joint disruptions. Multiple injuries occurred in all but one specimen. A majority of injury severities were AIS = 2. Spines were considered unstable in a majority of cases. Conclusions Spine response was tri-phasic. Injuries occurred in roof contact tests with the helmeted head-neck specimen. Multiplicity and unstable nature of AIS = 2 level injuries, albeit at lower severities, might predispose the spine to long-term accelerated degenerative changes. Clinical protocols should include a careful evaluation of sub-catastrophic injuries in military patients.
The Second Coming of Res Gestae: A Procedural Approach to Untangling the 'Inextricably Intertwined' Theory for Admitting Evidence of an Accused’s Uncharged Misconduct

This article deals with a facet of the uncharged misconduct doctrine. On the one hand, the doctrine forbids the prosecution from treating an accused’s uncharged misconduct as circumstantial proof of the accused’s commission of the charged offense. The prosecution cannot rely on the simplistic theory, “He did it once, ergo he did it again.” On the other hand, the doctrine permits the prosecution to offer the evidence on non-character theories of logical relevance such as proof of identity or motive. Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b) codifies the doctrine.The numbers tell the story of the importance of the doctrine. Rule 404(b) generates more published opinions than any other provision of the Federal Rules; it is the most litigated issue on appeal. In many states, errors in the admission of such evidence are the most common ground for appellate reversal. One of the most controversial facets of the doctrine is the “inextricably intertwined” theory. According to this theory, even when the prosecution cannot articulate a conventional non-character theory for introducing evidence of an accused’s uncharged misconduct, the court should admit the evidence if the evidence is “inextricably intertwined” with the prosecution witness’s narrative of the charged crime. The courts have invoked the inextricably intertwined theory in hundreds of cases. The treatise writers and law review commentators have been virtually unanimous in criticizing the theory. The thrust of the criticism is that the substantive test is nebulous, allowing trial judges to admit evidence possessing neither genuine non-character relevance nor a truly inseverable connection to the testimony about the charged offense. Although the criticism of the theory’s substantive test has merit, the thesis of this article is that the substantive criticisms largely miss the mark. The essential decision confronting the judge is an editorial task: Can the references to the uncharged misconduct be redacted from the witness’s account of the charged crime without rendering the witness’s incomprehensible or significantly reducing the narrative’s legitimate credibility? Editing must be done on a sensitive, case-by-case basis. The nature of the task makes it wishful thinking to believe that the courts will ever formulate a bright line substantive test.The real hope for reining in the theory’s excesses lies in procedural reform. The enclosed article proposes four reforms: A requirement for pretrial notice, an exchange of versions of the witness’s narrative between the prosecution and defense, new constraints on the trial judge’s ruling, and a mandate for a limiting instruction on any references to uncharged misconduct submitted to the jury. These reforms would give trial judges the time and procedural tools needed to engage in deliberate, thoughtful editing.
Advance on microbial degradation of organphosphorus pesticides pollution

Organophosphate compounds(OPs) cause serious environmental pollution problems.Microbial degradation is new technology to treat organophosphorous pesticides pollution.The current knowledge of the organophosphorous pesticides microbial degradation such as the varieties of degrading microbes,the degrading mechanisms,the application of degradation is summarized in this paper.Several problems and suggestions were put forward.
Contribution of diffusion to the oxygen dependence of energy metabolism in human neuroblastoma cells.

The oxygen dependence of cellular energy metabolism is normally expressed as a function of the extracellular oxygen pressure. This means it is a function not only of the oxygen dependence of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but also of the diffusion induced oxygen pressure differences which develop between the extracellular medium and the mitochondria. Evaluation of the relative contributions of the oxygen dependence of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and diffusion has proven difficult due to technical limitations in the methods available for measuring oxygen in biological samples. In general, workers have chosen to continuously add oxygen to the the suspensions of mitochondria and cells in order to generate “steady states” in which the oxygen pressure was essentially unchanging and the oxygen measurements could be made over longer times. Unfortunately, in this approach the oxygen pressure is higher at the site of addition than in the rest of the suspension and regional differences in oxygen pressure in the medium were present and not adequately evaluated. An optical method for measuring oxygen has been recently developed which has both high sensitivity (10−3 M to 10−8 M) and rapid response (< 1 msec) (Vanderkooi and Wilson, 1986; Vanderkooi et al, 1987; Wilson et al, 1987; 1988). This method permits accurate measurements under conditions without continuous addition of oxygen and thereby without differences in the oxygen pressure in the extracellular medium.
A new method of robotic rate control near singularities

A novel method of controlling robotic manipulators near singularities is introduced. In traditional rate control, a local first-order approximation of the robot kinematics is used, which may fail at a singularity. However, if the approximation is extended to the second order, it becomes possible to solve for the joint rates. The proposed method uses a multidimensional Newton-Raphson technique to solve the resulting set of coupled, quadratic equations. The method is presented in conjunction with a description of rate control in the complex domain, which allows for end-effector locations outside the manipulators workspace. Two examples employing quadratic rate control are presented for a 6R robot in a singular configuration, and one example applying the method to a closed trajectory is shown. >