cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Religiosity, Homogamy, and Marital Adjustment: An Examination of Newlyweds in First Marriages and Remarriages

This article explores the relationship between religiosity, denominational homogamy, religiosity homogamy, and marital adjustment. Using a statewide sample of spouses in first marriages (N = 1,394) and remarriages (N = 601), the authors find that within-group differences in religiosity, denominational homogamy, and religiosity homogamy are not as prevalent for spouses in remarriages. Overall, husbands and wives in first marriages who are very religious have significantly higher marital adjustment scores than spouses who are less religious. Similarly, husbands and wives in first marriages who share the same religious denomination report higher marital adjustment scores than spouses who report different denominations. For spouses in both first marriages and remarriages, those who report that they are “both religious” have higher marital adjustment scores than spouses where both partners are not religious, or where only the wife is religious. Possible reasons for the within-group similarities and differences...
Assessment of major airway obstruction using image analysis of digital CT information

Major airway obstruction (trachea, right and left main bronchi) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Management requires adequate assessment of the position, extent and severity of the obstructing or stenotic segment. The objective of this study was to evaluate 3D reconstruction of the major airways using volumetric image display and analysis (VIDA), in subjects with major airflow obstruction. We have evaluated five subjects with major airway obstruction using Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT) with a contiguous 3 mm slice thickness at total lung capacity. The digital information was transferred to a Sun Workstation (SPARC 5) for data analysis using VIDA. From this data set, the airway dimensions were calculated using a method for airway centerline determination and slice reformatting so as to section the airway perpendicular to its local long axis. Once appropriately sectioned, a number of different methods were used in edge finding. The airways were also presented as a surface rendered 3D image in either still or movie format. Finally, all subjects underwent flexible bronchoscopy to assess the abnormalities by direct visualization, with results of the bronchoscopic assessment being compared to the VIDA measurements. In all subjects, the volumetric image display and analysis gave anatomically correct and detailed images, which could be accurately measured. This information enabled appropriate pre-planning of operative corrective procedures, that included laser therapy, stent placement and balloon bronchoplasty. We conclude that the volumetric image display and analysis provides useful and reliable information for the management of major airflow obstruction.
Mammary epithelial cell transformation: insights from cell culture and mouse models

Normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) have a finite life span and do not undergo spontaneous immortalization in culture. Critical to oncogenic transformation is the ability of cells to overcome the senescence checkpoints that define their replicative life span and to multiply indefinitely – a phenomenon referred to as immortalization. HMECs can be immortalized by exposing them to chemicals or radiation, or by causing them to overexpress certain cellular genes or viral oncogenes. However, the most efficient and reproducible model of HMEC immortalization remains expression of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes E6 and E7. Cell culture models have defined the role of tumor suppressor proteins (pRb and p53), inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (p16INK4a, p21, p27 and p57), p14ARF, telomerase, and small G proteins Rap, Rho and Ras in immortalization and transformation of HMECs. These cell culture models have also provided evidence that multiple epithelial cell subtypes with distinct patterns of susceptibility to oncogenesis exist in the normal mammary tissue. Coupled with information from distinct molecular portraits of primary breast cancers, these findings suggest that various subtypes of mammary cells may be precursors of different subtypes of breast cancers. Full oncogenic transformation of HMECs in culture requires the expression of multiple gene products, such as SV40 large T and small t, hTERT (catalytic subunit of human telomerase), Raf, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Ral-GEFs (Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors). However, when implanted into nude mice these transformed cells typically produce poorly differentiated carcinomas and not adenocarcinomas. On the other hand, transgenic mouse models using ErbB2/neu, Ras, Myc, SV40 T or polyomavirus T develop adenocarcinomas, raising the possibility that the parental normal cell subtype may determine the pathological type of breast tumors. Availability of three-dimensional and mammosphere models has led to the identification of putative stem cells, but more studies are needed to define their biologic role and potential as precursor cells for distinct breast cancers. The combined use of transformation strategies in cell culture and mouse models together with molecular definition of human breast cancer subtypes should help to elucidate the nature of breast cancer diversity and to develop individualized therapies.
Registration of N30-N56, N741, N743, N745, N747, U362, U363, U367, U369-U374, U389-U394, U396-U398, and U500 sweetclover genetic stocks.

Forty-nine white-flowered sweet clover (Melilotus alba) genetic stocks and a yellow-flowered sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) genetic stock (N56) were developed jointly by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Research Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln and were jointly released in May 2004. The genetic stocks, which contain unique combinations of genes and traits, were developed over more than 3 decades of cooperative sweet clover research. The 49 sweet clover genetic stocks include a set of 16 lines (N30-N45), which represent all possible homozygous combinations of 4 allelic pairs, Y/y, C/c, Cu/cu and B/b. The Y/y alleles affect seed colour and the C/c alleles are concerned with both seed and seedling colour. The Cu/cu and B/b genes affect coumarin (more accurately o-hydroxycinnamic acid β-D-glucoside) content and β-glucosidase activity, respectively. The other genetic stocks were N46-N53, N54-N55, N741, N743, N745, N747, U362, U363, U367, U369-U374, U389-U394, U396-U398 and U500. Registration of these genetic stocks supplements 3 previously released and registered biennial, yellow-flowered sweet clover germplasms (N27, N28 and N29).
Efficient generation of lens progenitor cells and lentoid bodies from human embryonic stem cells in chemically defined conditions

The eye lens is an encapsulated avascular organ whose function is to focus light on the retina. Lens comprises a single progenitor cell lineage in multiple states of differentiation. Disruption of lens function leading to protein aggregation and opacity results in age-onset cataract. Cataract is a complex disease involving genetic and environmental factors. Here, we report the development of a new 3-stage system that differentiates human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into large quantities of lens progenitor-like cells and differentiated 3-dimensional lentoid bodies. Inhibition of BMP signaling by noggin triggered differentiation of hESCs toward neuroectoderm. Subsequent reactivation of BMP and activation of FGF signaling stimulated formation of lens progenitor cells marked by the expression of PAX6 and alpha-crystallins. The formation of lentoid bodies was most efficient in the presence of FGF2 and Wnt-3a, yielding approximately 1000 lentoid bodies/30-mm well. Lentoid bodies expressed and accumulated lens-specific markers including alphaA-, alphaB-, beta-, and gamma-crystallins, filensin, CP49, and MIP/aquaporin 0. Collectively, these studies identify a novel procedure to generate lens cells from hESCs that can be applied for studies of lens differentiation and cataractogenesis using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from various cataract patients.
Theoretical aspects of multiresolutional autonomy

The phenomenon of autonomy is equivalent to assigning and producing a system of complicated goals that frequently form a multiresolutional hierarchy stemming from the concept of survival. Thus, autonomy of a system dwells upon the multiresolutional (multigranular, multiscale) world representation within the intelligent system and upon the associated computational mechanisms that enable the existence of MR-representation and its use. The issue of realization and/or rationality of autonomous intelligent control systems is a complicated one. It seems to be typical for animated nature but as far as engineering of autonomous systems are concerned, not all premises of the concept of autonomy are universally accepted by the scientific community. In the paper, the topics are discussed, which require additional research before the persuasive theory can be introduced.
The mixed function oxidase system of bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus: Correlation of activities in experimental and wild fish

Environmental conditions can affect the metabolic transformation and accumulation of pollutants in aquatic organisms. Changes in temperature and feeding regimes had marked effects on the hepatic O-deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin (EROD) activity in bluegill sunfish. Animals that were denied food and acclimated for 2 weeks to 4, 13 or 26°C water exhibited low and relatively uniform EROD activity at all temperatures. In contrast, fed fish acclimated at 26°C exhibited a sevenfold higher level of activity compared with those acclimated to 4°C. Starved fish acclimated to 26°C were capable of EROD induction following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Doses of 10 and 20 mg BaP kg−1 body weight increased EROD activity to 100 and 300 nmol min−1 mg−1 respectively, compared with 10 nmol min−1 mg−1 in fish injected with corn oil. Wild fish obtained from various stations along a polluted stream exhibited EROD activity levels comparable with those in laboratory fish injected with 20 mg BaP kg−1 fish. When starved fish were injected i.p. with a Purina Trout Chow extract, EROD activity was induced to levels comparable with those in laboratory-fed (Trout Chow) fish; this suggests the presence of an inducer in the Trout Chow. Exposure of fed fish to pH 5, 7 and 9 for a 2-week period at 26°C had no effect on the mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity in fish liver microsomes. The results of this study indicate that environmental variables can affect the levels of MFO activity. A better understanding of these effects is needed before these indicators can be used routinely as environmental monitors.
Proper Holomorphic Maps

Let X and Y be topological spaces. A continuous map f: X → Y is said to be proper if f −1(K) is compact in X for every compact K ⊂ Y.
Observability and Constructibility for Time-Invariant Discrete-Time Systems

In this section, we develop the discrete-time analogues of the concepts of observability and constructibility, which were described in §15 for continuous-time systems. Once again, each result has, along with its “abstract” version, a corresponding statement in terms of matrix pairs (A, C). We shall again be referring to the equations $$[\begin{gathered} x\left( {k + 1} \right) = Ax\left( k \right) + Bu\left( k \right),k{\text{2A7E}}{k_o} \hfill \\ x({k_o}) = {x^o} \hfill \\ y(k) = Cx(k) = Du(k), \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ (xxx) and to the time-invariant system with state space R n which they define as in Example 6.6. We begin with a pair of definitions which parallel Definitions 15.1 and 15.2.
Information or Speculation: What Motivates Pre-Earnings Announcement Option Activity?

Following prior studies that suggest that option volume contains information about underlying stock prices, we examine option activity prior to earnings announcements. Results in this study show that put (call) volume relative to total option volume is higher prior to unfavorable (favorable) announcements. However, we find that the ability of put (call) ratios to predict negative (positive) future returns weakens during the pre-announcement period, thus questioning the level of informativeness of pre-announcement option activity. Interestingly, pre-announcement put ratios are driven by stocks with low last-quarter skewness, while pre-announcement call ratios are driven by stocks with high last-quarter skewness. While prior studies argue that pre-announcement option activity contains private information, our findings indicate that pre-announcement option trading is also motivated by speculation which may adversely affect the level of informed trading in the options market.
Disjointness of the KMS-states of different temperatures

1. Araki, H.: Multiple time analyticity of a quantum statistical state satisfying the KMSboundary condition. To appear.2. — Miyata, H.: On KMS boundary condition. To appear.3. Dixmier, J.: Les algebres d'operateurs dans Γespace hilbertien. Paris: Gauthier-Villars2e edition 1969.4. Haag, R., Hugenholtz, N. M., Winnink, M.: On the equilibrium states in quantumstatistical mechanics. Commun. Math. Phys. 5, 215—236 (1967).5. Hugenholtz, N. M., Takesaki, M., Winnink, M.: Local normality of the KMS-statesin quantum statistical mechanics, in preparation.6. — Wieringa, J. D.: On locally normal states in quantum statistical mechanics.Commun. Math. Phys.
Graphene as a Massless Electrode for Ultrahigh-Frequency Piezoelectric Nanoelectromechanical Systems

Designing “ideal electrodes” that simultaneously guarantee low mechanical damping and electrical loss as well as high electromechanical coupling in ultralow-volume piezoelectric nanomechanical structures can be considered to be a key challenge in the NEMS field. We show that mechanically transferred graphene, floating at van der Waals proximity, closely mimics “ideal electrodes” for ultrahigh frequency (0.2 GHz < f0 < 2.6 GHz) piezoelectric nanoelectromechanical resonators with negligible mechanical mass and interfacial strain and perfect radio frequency electric field confinement. These unique attributes enable graphene-electrode-based piezoelectric nanoelectromechanical resonators to operate at their theoretically “unloaded” frequency-limits with significantly improved electromechanical performance compared to metal-electrode counterparts, despite their reduced volumes. This represents a spectacular trend inversion in the scaling of piezoelectric electromechanical resonators, opening up new possibilitie...
Developmentally regulated expression of cytochrome-c oxidase isoforms in regenerating rat skeletal muscle.

The developmental expression of tissue-specific isoforms of cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) subunit VIII [heart (COX VIII-H) and liver (COX VIII-L)] and the influence of innervation were examined in reg...
Increasing referral rate for screening colonoscopy through patient education and activation at a primary care clinic in New York City.

Abstract Objective Colorectal cancer could be prevented through regular screening. Individuals age 50 and older are recommended to get screened via colonoscopy. Because physician referral is a major predictor of colonoscopy completion, two low-cost, evidence-based interventions were tested to increase referrals by activating patients to self-advocate. Methods This study compared the impact of a pre-visit educational handout that prompts patients to discuss colonoscopy with their physician with the handout plus brief counseling through exit interviews and chart reviews. The main outcome was physician referral. Results Medical charts were reviewed for eligibility: 130 control patients (Arm 1), 45 patients who received the educational handout and health counseling (Arm 2), and 50 patients who received only the handout (Arm 3). Colonoscopy referral rates increased from 24.6% in Arm 1 to 44.4% and 52.0% in Arms 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.001). The proportion of exit interview participants who discussed colonoscopy with their doctor increased from 68.8% in Arm 1 to 76.5% and 88.9% in Arms 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusions Results indicate that both interventions are effective at increasing colonoscopy referrals. Practical implications : Results suggest that an educational handout alone is sufficient in prompting patient-initiated discussions about colonoscopy.
Experimental Investigation of Rotor Vortex Wakes in Descent

Flow visualization is done using air bubbles and fluorescent dye injected tangentially from the blade tips to mark the vortex core, showing the development of both short-wave and longwave instabilities on the helical vortices in the wake. Strain gages are used to record transient loads, allowing a correlation between the rotor thrust performance and the development of the vortex wake. The data indicate that as the instability develops, the adjacent vortices merge and form thick vortex rings, especially during descent. Periodic shedding of vorticity from the wake associated with vortex ring state is observed, resulting in peak-to-peak thrust fluctuations of up to 95% of the mean and occurring at regular intervals of 20 − 50 rotor revolutions, depending on flow parameters.
Raman Spectroscopy for Analysis of Thorium Compounds

The thorium fuel cycle is an alternative to the uranium fuel cycle in that when 232 Th is irradiated with neutrons it is converted to 233 U, another fissile isotope. There are several chemical forms of thorium which are used in the Th fuel cycle. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has become a very portable and facile analytical technique useful for many applications, including e.g. determining the chemical composition of different materials such as for thorium compounds. The technique continues to improve with the development of ever-more sensitive instrumentation and better software. Using a laboratory Fourier-transform (FT)-Raman spectrometer with a 785 nm wavelength laser, we were able to obtain Raman spectra from a series of thorium-bearing compounds of unknown origin. These spectra were compared to the spectra of in-stock-laboratory thorium compounds including e.g. ThO 2 , ThF 4 , Th(CO 3 ) 2 and Th(C 2 O 4 ) 2 . The unknown spectra showed very good agreement to the known standards, demonstrating the applicability of Raman spectroscopy for detection and identification of these nuclear materials.
Sedimentation microfacies of He-3 I reservoir of Shuanghe Oilfield

Study on sedimentation microfacies of lake basin abrupt slope fan delta of He-3 I reservoir of Shuanghe Oilfield indicates that the sedimentation microfacies of the studied area includes underwater distributary channel,mouth bar,underwater overbank sandbody,frontal sheet sand,inter bay between distributary channel,density current sandbody and front delta mud.Sand bodies that compose reservoirs of the studied horizon are mainly underwater distributary channel sandbody,mouth bar sandbody,frontal sheet sand sandbody and underwater overbank sandbody.The typical electrofacies model has been determined according to rock-electric correlations and through which,electrofacies model of the studied horizon is established.Based on the electrofacies model,sedimentation microfacies of each single layer could be identified and the plane distribution of sedimentation microfacies and its influences on heterogeneity could be studied.
Management control of drug administration programs

The relationship between type of drug administration (pharmacy technician versus nurse) and the efficiency and effectiveness of managerial control systems was studied. The sample included pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nurses working at one hospital that used technicians for drug administration for 9 of 22 units. Pharmacists and technicians completed a questionnaire for a unit where technicians administered drugs and for a unit where they provided all pharmaceutical services except drug administration. Nurses completed one questionnaire regarding their patient unit. A total of 368 questionnaires were distributed; the response rate was 83.7%. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, type of drug administration was the independent variable and complexity and variability of patient-unit technology were moderators of its effects on nine dependent variables. There was no main effect of type of drug administration or moderating effect of technology on number or percentage of medication errors. Pharmacists reported exercising more behavior control when supervising nurses than technicians. Nurses and technicians perceived that pharmacists exercised greater control on units where nurses performed drug administration tasks of low variability. While technicians and nurses provided drug administration services of similar quality, this study suggests that pharmacists can mange technicians more efficiently than nurses in drug administration tasks on units where the tasks are relatively routine.
Rubella in pregnancy.

Currently available facts concerning risk ethics and existing statutes regarding the problems of a patient with alleged rubella in pregnancy are summarized. Rubella in early pregnancy is associated with a high risk of serious congenital anomaly: deafness brain damage eye disease heart disease thrombocytopenic purpura hepatitis encephalitis and other disorders occurring singly or in combination. There is also a significantly higher death rate in infancy. Although some children make excellent adjustments the suffering and exhausting care requirements that rubella defects produce and the life style imposed on the handicapped child and his family often lead to family disruption and early institutionalization. Types and frequency of defects vary with gestational age of the fetus at time of maternal infection. Risk has been placed between 10 and 90% for first trimester infection. When maternal rubella has been confirmed during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy significant congenital anomalies have been present in more than 40% of full term infants and rubella virus detectable in 60-90% of products of conception obtained at therapeutic abortion. Risk is greatly decreased when maternal infection occurs later in pregnancy. After Week 18 no anomalies were noted among 500 children but other observers have reported congenital defects as late as Week 22. Subsequent pregnancies are not affected. If a woman in her first trimester has a serologically confirmed rubella infection her physician should explain to her the risk of congenital anomalies. This is his legal and medical responsibility even if he is personally opposed to therapeutic abortion. In most communities such abortions are legal in accredited hospitals.
Geographically distributed real-time digital simulations using linear prediction

Abstract Real-time (RT) simulator is a powerful tool for analyzing operational and control algorithms in electric power systems engineering. For understanding the dynamic and transient behavior of a power systems, significant RT computation capabilities are essential. A single unit of RT simulator has limited simulation capabilities. The most common way of augmenting simulation capability is using a bank of locally connected RT simulators. However, creating a large-sized bank of RT simulators involves significant financial investments and hence may not be feasible at all research facilities. Power and energy systems research facilities that use RT simulators are at diverse physical locations. In addition to RT simulators, research facilities around the world house an array of facilities with unique power, energy, and control systems for innovative research. To leverage these unique research facilities, geographically distributed RT simulation based on Wide Area Network (WAN) is required. Typical RT simulators perform simulations with time-steps in the order of milliseconds to microseconds, whereas data latency for communication on WAN may be as high as a few hundred milliseconds. Such communication latency between RT simulators may lead to inaccuracies and instabilities in geographically distributed RT simulations. In this paper, the effect of communication latency on geographically distributed RT simulation is discussed and analyzed. In order to reduce the effect of the communication latency, a Real-Time Predictor (RTP), based on linear curve fitting is developed and integrated into the distributed RT simulation environment. Two geographically distributed digital RT simulators are used to perform dynamic simulations of an electric power system with a fixed communication latency and the predictor. Empirical results demonstrate the effects of communication latency on the simulation and the performance of the RTP to improve the accuracy of simulations.
Characterization of the upper pouch tracheo–oesophageal fistula in oesophageal atresia

Abstract Aim A small proportion of infants with oesophageal atresia (OA) are thought to have a proximal tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF). Failure to recognize these can hamper mobilization of the upper pouch and lead to life-threatening episodes of aspiration once oral feeding starts. We reviewed our experience of upper pouch fistulae to identify characteristic features of proximal TOF. Methods A retrospective review of TOF/OA patient notes and bronchoscopy photographs and videos, identified from our database from 01/01/2006 to 12/31/2015, was performed. Results Eight (6.1%) infants were identified (M:F 5:3) from a total population of 131 newly diagnosed TOF/OA infants during the period. Their median gestational age was 33 (range 28–39) weeks, and median birth weight was 1647g (range 1100–3400g). Five were initially diagnosed with pure OA and 3 with a distal TOF. All patients underwent rigid bronchoscopy at the initial surgery but only one proximal fistula was identified. The 7 missed proximal fistulae were subsequently found either during on-table oesophagograms for gap assessment (n=2), at the time of thoracotomy when mobilizing the upper pouch (n=3), or during subsequent bronchoscopy for symptoms post OA repair (n=2). Two patients needed a further operation to divide the fistula. Review of the bronchoscopy videos identified four characteristic differences between upper and lower pouch fistulae. Proximal fistulae are found just distal to the vocal cords, are very small, often no more than a pit, do not open and close with ventilation, and are best identified by insufflation of the esophagus. Conclusion Upper pouch fistulae are relatively easy to miss because of different characteristics compared with H-type or distal fistulae that have not previously been mentioned in the literature. Level of evidence: level IV.
LTR Retrotransposon Dynamics and Specificity in Setaria italica

The distributions of different LTR retrotransposon families and structures were analyzed across the ~400 Mb assembly for the ~500 Mb genome of Setaria italica. The results indicated different genomic distributions for all five of the highly abundant LTR retrotransposon families that were investigated. Unequal recombination and illegitimate recombination appeared to be more active in LTR retrotransposon removal in the gene-rich regions towards the ends of all chromosomes. In striking contrast to this result, LTR retrotransposon ages did not differ dramatically across the assembled genome, suggesting that LTR retrotransposon removal rates are not dramatically influenced by genomic location. These two, largely incompatible, observations indicate that the dynamics of LTR retrotransposon activation, insertion, and removal all need a great deal of additional investigation, including highly detailed intraspecies analyses and interspecies comparisons.
MEMBERDAYAKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MAHASISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA MATA KULIAH BIOLOGI DASAR

Memberdayakan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Melalui Pembelajara Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Mata Kuliah Biologi Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Dick and Carey untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran mata kuliah biologi dasar dengan pendekatan pembelajaran inkuri terbimbing. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 6 bulan pada mahasiswa peserta mata kuliah Biologi Dasar tahun akademik 2015/ 2016, dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing, dan memperoleh data empiris mengenai keunggulan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dalam memberdayakan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perangkat pembelajaran yang dihasilkan, yaitu satuan acara perkuliahan (SAP), lembar kerja mahasiswa (LKM), dan media pembelajaran mendapat kategori valid. Mahasiswa juga memberikan respon yang baik terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran, serta penerapan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terbukti dapat memberdayakan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Kata kunci: Berpikir kritis, inkuiri terbimbing
Predictors of disability in a childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus cohort: results from the CARRA Legacy Registry.

Objective Few descriptions of physical disability in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) exist. We sought to describe disability in a large North American cohort of patients with cSLE and identify predictors of disability. Methods Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Legacy Registry for patients with cSLE enrolled between May 2010 and October 2014. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) was used to assess disability and physical functioning. Chi-square tests were used for univariate analyses, and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predictors of disability. Results We analyzed data for 939 patients with cSLE. The median and mean CHAQ scores were 0 and 0.25, respectively, and 41% of the cohort had at least mild disability. Arthritis and higher pain scores were significantly associated with disability as compared to those without disability ( p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, low annual income, arthritis, and higher pain scores were associated with disability at baseline. Conclusions Disability as measured by baseline CHAQ was fairly common in cSLE patients in the CARRA Legacy Registry, and was associated with low household income, arthritis, and higher pain scores. In addition to optimal disease control, ensuring psychosocial supports and addressing pain may reduce disability in cSLE. Further study is needed of disability in cSLE.
Algorithm based adaptive parametric testing for outlier detection and test time reduction

Parallel test capability, enabled by numerous independent measurement channels has significantly increased throughput in parametric testing. It involves testing of numerous devices simultaneously synchronously or asynchronously. The number of devices tested for a given pad layout is increased by using higher dimensional arrays, the hallmark of which is pad sharing. Parallel testing of multiple devices with shared pads is vulnerable to device fails, where a failing device adversely affects measurement of all other devices. Information about this failing device or compromised measurement would only be evident at post analysis where a retest with a recipe change can then be ordered. In some cases retest is impossible as wafers would have already moved on to subsequent processing steps, thereby losing valuable learning opportunity. On the other hand, having to wait for post analysis requires time. Ideally failure detection and subsequent re-measure is done dynamically while the device is under test. This would require that decision making capability to be implemented in an automated tester equipment. In this work, we will discuss an algorithm based approach to adaptively change the test program allowing testing or skipping devices based on data collected real time while device is under test. The adaptive algorithm is also extended to aid in test time efficiency by eliminating tests based on measurement results of preceding tests.
Plasma-Based Pulse Shortening In The Recirculating Planar Magnetron*

RF pulse shortening is a long-standing issue in high power microwave (HPM) devices. Several causes have been observed or proposed over the years, including cathode and anode plasma expansion, multipactor RF window breakdown, poor RF contacts, and generator impedance mismatch. In our recirculating planar magnetron (RPM) experiments at the University of Michigan [1], we routinely encounter this phenomenon, and have previously attributed it to expanding cathode plasma, which modifies the synchronism condition and disrupts magnetron operation. Using an ultra-fast intensified 12-frame camera, we have now imaged the plasma formation and evolution within the magnetron. These images provide insight into the probable sources of pulse shortening in the RPM.
Quality and quantity control of gene expression by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is one of the best characterized and most evolutionarily conserved cellular quality control mechanisms. Although NMD was first found to target one-third of mutated, disease-causing mRNAs, it is now known to also target ~10% of unmutated mammalian mRNAs to facilitate appropriate cellular responses — adaptation, differentiation or death — to environmental changes. Mutations in NMD genes in humans are associated with intellectual disability and cancer. In this Review, we discuss how NMD serves multiple purposes in human cells by degrading both mutated mRNAs to protect the integrity of the transcriptome and normal mRNAs to control the quantities of unmutated transcripts. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality and quantity control mechanism for degrading mutated mRNAs to protect the integrity of the transcriptome and proteome and unmutated mRNAs to control their quantity. NMD dysfunction in humans is associated with intellectual disability and cancer.
Branching Ratios and Rate Constants for Decomposition and Isomerization of β-Hydroxyalkoxy Radicals Formed from OH Radical-Initiated Reactions of C6–C13 2-Methyl-1-Alkenes in the Presence of NOx

A series of C6–C13 2-methyl-1-alkenes were reacted with OH radicals in the presence of NOx in a Teflon environmental chamber, and molar yields of the 2-ketone products were measured using gas chromatography. Yields were corrected for secondary reactions with OH radicals and for gas-wall partitioning of the 2-methyl-1-alkene and 2-ketone, with the latter correction being determined from measurements of gas-wall partitioning of 2-ketone standards. Molar yields of 2-ketones decreased with increasing 2-methyl-1-alkene carbon number from a maximum of 0.82 for C6 to a minimum of 0.34 ± 0.02 for C9–C13, which after normalization for the fraction of reaction that occurred by OH radical addition to the C═C double bond (with the rest occurring by H atom abstraction) were 0.86 and 0.39 ± 0.01. These yields were combined with branching ratios determined previously for site-specific OH radical addition to the C═C double bond and for formation of β-hydroxynitrates to determine branching ratios for decomposition and iso...
Mammary Paget’s Disease of the Male Breast: A Rare Case With an Unusual Immunohistochemical Profile:

Mammary Paget's disease is rare and comprises about 0.62% of all breast cancer cases, only 1.65% of which occur in male patients. This case report involves a 76-year-old man who presented to his primary care physician with an itching, scaly, unilateral lesion involving the nipple skin. He underwent wide local excision of the lesion for a diagnosis of Bowen's disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ). Histologic examination of the specimen revealed mammary Paget's disease with ductal carcinoma in situ in the underlying breast tissue. A panel of immunohistochemical stains revealed the Paget cells to be positive for cytokeratin 7, MUC1, GATA3, and androgen receptor and negative for cytokeratins 5/6, p63, SOX10, and MART-1/Melan-A. Paget cells were also negative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and positive for HER2/neu. However, the underlying ductal carcinoma in situ was positive for both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and negative for HER2/neu. This discordance, supported by the current literature, suggests an alternative etiology for Paget's disease in certain cases that cannot be explained by the well-established epidermotropic and transformative theories of Paget's disease evolution.
Metallic Degradation and the Biological Environment

Abstract Degradation of metals in the body represents a serious and near-universal concern. Such degradation processes are mainly the result of corrosion and wear processes, and the conjoint interaction of the two which is called tribocorrosion. This chapter lays out the basic degradation mechanisms seen in metallic biomaterials in the body. This includes a discussion of the effect of inflammatory conditions on the corrosion process and the role of corrosion on the local cells adjacent to the metal surface. Mechanically assisted corrosion, where a combination of tribological or other mechanical factors (e.g., fatigue, elastic strain, etc.) combine with oxide film disruption and increased corrosion reactions are presented in metals retrieved from patients and the underlying physical-chemical-biological processes for this conjoint degradation mechanism is explained.
Coronavirus VS Market: Investment Opportunities Lies Underneath the Epidemic

In the era of the novel coronavirus, we try to think how we could still build strategies to generate positive return under economic stagnation. We focus on two industries, use stock analysis and sentiment analysis to find several firms’ stocks that we believe could bring benefits. Then we apply four methods (Equal Weighted, Market Value Weighted, Global Minimum Variance, Maximum Sharpe Ratio) for constructing portfolio. We conduct back-test for the strategy and give evaluation. The final results support our assumption well that firms with a higher “GB ratio” as well as market perfomance could generate higher returns. We have confidence to recommend our strategies since we could still generate benefits during economic stagnation. In the end, we made conclusions and recommendations for our stocks.
Proximity-dependent labeling methods for proteomic profiling in living cells: An update

Characterizing the proteome composition of organelles and subcellular regions of living cells can facilitate the understanding of cellular organization as well as protein interactome networks. Proximity labeling-based methods coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) offer a high-throughput approach for systematic analysis of spatially restricted proteomes. Proximity labeling utilizes enzymes that generate reactive radicals to covalently tag neighboring proteins. The tagged endogenous proteins can then be isolated for further analysis by MS. To analyze protein-protein interactions or identify components that localize to discrete subcellular compartments, spatial expression is achieved by fusing the enzyme to specific proteins or signal peptides that target to particular subcellular regions. Although these technologies have only been introduced recently, they have already provided deep insights into a wide range of biological processes. Here, we provide an updated description and comparison of proximity labeling methods, as well as their applications and improvements. As each method has its own unique features, the goal of this review is to describe how different proximity labeling methods can be used to answer different biological questions. This article is categorized under: Technologies > Analysis of Proteins.
A neuronal circuit for vector computation builds an allocentric traveling-direction signal in the Drosophila fan-shaped body

Abstract Many behavioral tasks require the manipulation of mathematical vectors, but, outside of computational models1–8, it is not known how brains perform vector operations. Here we show how the Drosophila central complex, a region implicated in goal-directed navigation8–14, performs vector arithmetic. First, we describe neural signals in the fan-shaped body that explicitly track a fly’s allocentric traveling direction, that is, the traveling direction in reference to external cues. Past work has identified neurons in Drosophila12,15–17 and mammals18,19 that track allocentric heading (e.g., head-direction cells), but these new signals illuminate how the sense of space is properly updated when traveling and heading angles differ. We then characterize a neuronal circuit that rotates, scales, and adds four vectors related to the fly’s egocentric traveling direction–– the traveling angle referenced to the body axis––to compute the allocentric traveling direction. Each two-dimensional vector is explicitly represented by a sinusoidal activity pattern across a distinct neuronal population, with the sinusoid’s amplitude representing the vector’s length and its phase representing the vector’s angle. The principles of this circuit, which performs an egocentric-to-allocentric coordinate transformation, may generalize to other brains and to domains beyond navigation where vector operations or reference-frame transformations are required.
Association of Rituximab Use With Adverse Events in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Importance Rituximab is among the most frequently used immunotherapies in pediatrics. Few studies have reported long-term adverse events associated with its use for children. Objective To describe the use of rituximab and to assess whether its use is associated with short- or long-term adverse events, infections, or time to immune reconstitution in a diverse group of young people. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included 468 patients aged younger than 21 years who received rituximab for diverse indications between October 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, at Texas Children’s Hospital, a large pediatric referral hospital. Patterns of adverse events, infections, and immune recovery are described. Data analyses were conducted from December 2019 to June 2020. Exposure One or more doses of rituximab. Main Outcomes and Measures Adverse drug events (eg, anaphylaxis), incidence of mild and severe infections, and time to recovery of B lymphocyte subset counts and immunoglobulin levels. Survival models and logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated risk factors of infectious and noninfectious adverse drug events. Results We identified 468 patients receiving at least 1 dose of rituximab. The total follow-up time was 11 713 person-months. Of the 468 patients, 293 (62.6%) were female, the median (interquartile range) age at receipt of dose was 14.3 (9.9-16.8) years, and 209 (44.7%) were self-reported White Hispanic. Adverse events associated with rituximab infusion occurred in 72 patients (15.4%), and anaphylaxis occurred in 17 patients (3.6%). Long-term adverse events, such as prolonged neutropenia and leukoencephalopathy, were absent. Infections occurred in 224 patients (47.9%); 84 patients (17.9%) had severe infections, and 3 patients (0.6%) had lethal infections. Concurrent use of intravenous chemotherapy, treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, neutropenia, and use of intravenous immunoglobulin were associated with increased risk of infection. Among 135 patients (28.8%) followed up to B cell count recovery, CD19+or CD20+cell numbers normalized in a median of 9.0 months (interquartile range, 5.9-14.4 months) following rituximab use; 48 of 95 patients (51%) evaluated beyond a year had low-for-age B cell counts. Recovery of CD27+memory B cell number occurred in a median of 15.7 months (interquartile range, 6.0-22.7 months). Among patients with normal baseline values, low immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels developed in 67 of 289 patients (23.2%) and low IgM levels in 118 of 255 patients (40.8%); of these patients evaluated beyond 12 months from rituximab, 16 of 117 (13.7%) had persistently low IgG and 37 (33.9%) of 109 had persistently low IgM. Conclusions and Relevance Rituximab is well tolerated among young people and is associated with few serious adverse events, but infections are common, corresponding to a prolonged period of B cell count recovery often lasting for longer than a year. Further examination of strategies to prevent infections following rituximab should be pursued.
The Building Site, Redux

In pursuit of a broader disciplinary understanding of the building site as a social artifact, this experimental seminar undertook the design of prototypical approaches to the representation of hist...
Comparison of computed tomography angiography and physical exam in the evaluation of arterial injury in extremity trauma.

Abstract Background CT angiography (CTA) is increasingly used in the evaluation of arterial injury in extremity trauma. While it may provide additional objective data, it comes with inherent risks and expense. The purpose of this study was to compare CTA to physical exam in the evaluation of arterial injury in extremity trauma. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent CTA for evaluation of upper or lower extremity trauma at a Level 1 trauma center over a 10 month period. Patients were classified based on initial vascular exam (normal, soft signs, hard signs), and arterial injury on CTA was classified as major (named arteries) or minor (un-named arteries). We evaluated rates of vascular intervention in each group and compared the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) for physical exam and CTA in identifying arterial injury requiring intervention. Results A total of 135 CTA studies were included. On initial vascular exam, 71% of patients had a normal exam, 22% had soft signs, and 6% had hard signs. The NPVs for arterial injury requiring intervention of a normal physical exam and negative CTA were both 100%. The PPVs for arterial injury requiring intervention of major injury on CTA and hard signs on physical exam were 35% and 50%, respectively. Conclusion A normal physical exam can likely rule out the need for vascular intervention and eliminate the need for CTA. Additionally, the presence of hard signs on physical exam is potentially superior to CTA in predicting the need for vascular intervention.
Making Room for Change through Rest

The author reflects on the value of slowness and rest to the library profession and library service in 2021 in light of the experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Topics discussed include the significance of the slow and deliberate start of the American Library Association Core Technology Section Leadership Team, benefit of reviewing the procedures and systems implemented during the pandemic, and the importance of spending time to reflect on the collective trauma caused by the pandemic.
Stabilized resonances are no less exciting.

Excited anion states provide doorways for molecular electron capture. Now, two-dimensional photoelectron spectroscopy of cluster anions has been shown to be a powerful tool for revealing the role of the local environment in facilitating the process.
Successful Treatment of Inguinal Lymphocele After Angiomyomatous Hamartoma Resection During Inguinal Hernia Repair.

INTRODUCTION Lymphocele is a relatively common complication following lymphadenectomy of the inguinal lymph nodes; however, it is less common after open inguinal hernia repair. Postoperative lymphocele is usually caused by unrecognized injury to lymphatic vessels during surgical dissection and commonly requires reoperation to ligate the leaking lymphatics. Angiomyomatous hamaromas are rare lymphatic formations of unknown cause that can be treated with aspiration, sclerotherapy, and drain placement, but surgical intervention is often required. This finding is associated with replacement of parenchymal lymph tissue with vascular and smooth muscle cells. CASE REPORT The authors report the case of a 59-year-old African American male who underwent open inguinal hernia repair and was found to have incidentally an angiomyomatous hamartoma, which was excised but complicated with a postoperative lymphocele. The patient was successfully treated with the aid of negative pressure wound therapy. CONCLUSIONS Negative pressure wound therapy has rarely been used to treat postoperative lymphocele. To the authors' knowledge, this case is the first to document use of negative pressure wound therapy for lymphocele following angiomyomatous hamartoma excision.