cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Auditory Discrimination as a Predictor of Reading for Bilingual Mexican-American Migrant Children.

The performance of 61 bilingual Mexican-American migrant children, ages 8 to 14 yr., was compared for Spanish and English formats of the Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test. The two formats correlated significantly with each other and both were predictive of reading recognition as measured by the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. The data suggest that auditory discrimination as measured by the popular Wepman test may not be a pure perceptual skill but may be language bound. Consequently auditory discrimination as a pure perceptual skill may not be accurately assessed in bilingual or monolingual Spanish-speaking children if the Wepman test is used in its published format. A Spanish-based alternative is suggested for assessing auditory discrimination for uses other than reading prediction.
The effect of predetermined thrombotic potential of the recipient on small-caliber graft performance

Abstract This study was designed to establish the influence of the recipient's thrombotic potential on the patency of small-caliber prostheses and to evaluate the subsequent improvement of graft performance by medicinally altering the prostaglandin balance in subjects predisposed to graft occlusion. Mongrel dogs were pretested and classified as low and high responders according to their thrombotic potential, measured as prostaglandin metabolite balance and platelet aggregability. High responders were randomly divided into two groups. Those assigned to serve as the medicated subjects were pretreated 1 week before surgery with a single oral daily administration of combined dazmegrel (UK-38, 485) and aspirin in equal dosages of 3 mg/kg. Medication was continued throughout the experiment. Dacron grafts were implanted bilaterally in the carotid artery site in all subjects. Following a 3-week implantation period, the patency rate for the group with low thrombotic potential was 100%. In the animals with high thrombotic potential the patency rate was 10% for nonmedicated subjects and 100% for medicated subjects. These data support the concept that the thrombotic potential largely determines the capacity of the recipient's blood to thrombose small-caliber prostheses. Effective medicinal alteration of prostaglandin balance results in exceptionally increased patency of synthetic grafts. (J VASC SURG 1986;3:311-21.)
Hands on What? The Relative Effectiveness of Physical versus Virtual Materials in an Engineering Design Project by Middle School Children

Hands-on'' activities play an important, but controversial, role in early science education. In this study we attempt to clarify some of the issues surrounding the controversy by calling attention to distinctions between: (a) type of instruction (direct or discovery); (b) type of knowledge to be acquired (domain-general or domain-specific); and (c) type of materials that are used (physical or virtual). We then describe an empirical study that investigates the relative effectiveness of the physical-virtual dimension. In the present study, seventh and eighth grade students assembled and tested mousetrap cars with the goal of designing a car that would go the farthest. Children were assigned to four different conditions, depending on whether they manipulated physical or virtual materials, and whether they had a fixed number of cars they could construct or a fixed amount of time in which to construct them. All four conditions were equally effective in producing significant gains in learners' knowledge about causal factors, in their ability to design optimal cars, and in their confidence in their knowledge. Girls' performance, knowledge, and effort were equal to boys' in all conditions, but girls' confidence remained below boys' throughout. Given the fact that, on several different measures, children were able to learn as well with virtual as with physical materials, the inherent pragmatic advantages of virtual materials in science may make them the preferred instructional medium in many hands-on contexts. ! 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 183-203, 2007 The merits and definitions of ''hands-on'' activities in early science education have been debated for over a century (Deboer, 1991; Huxley, 1899). Advocates for hands-on science argue that it promotes learning because it is consistent with the concrete-to-abstract nature of cognitive development, because it provides additional sources of brain activation via kinesthetic involvement, and because its intrinsic interest increases motivation and engagement (Flick, 1993; Haury & Rillero, 1994). Such arguments have led the National Science Teachers Asso- ciation to recommend that the minimal amount of science instruction time devoted to hands-on
Coronary calcium progression rates with a zero initial score by electron beam tomography

Abstract Background A review of existing literature shows that for individuals with initial coronary calcium scores (CCS) of zero it would be reasonable to consider follow-up scanning no sooner than 3 years from the initial evaluation, however the data is very limited. In this study, we sought to determine the rate of new calcifications in patients initially presenting with a zero initial score on electron beam tomography (EBT). Methods and results We evaluated 710 physician-referred participants (253 women and 448 men, mean age=56±9 years [range=29 to 93]) with no coronary artery calcium (CAC) at baseline electron beam tomography (EBT) scan. The participants underwent a follow-up scan at least 12 months apart. In our study, 248 (35%) were followed for 1–3 years, 256 (36%) for 3–5 years and 204 (29%) for >5 years, respectively. Overall, more than half of the individuals (62%) did not develop any CAC (score remained zero) in the interim period, whereas only 2% had CAC progression >50 during the follow-up. The overall median (interquartile range) and mean±S.D. change/year in these individuals was 0 (0–0.8) and 1±3, respectively. Only 11 (2%) had CAC progression/year of 11–50, whereas 3 (1%) had CAC change/year >50. It is interesting to note that even among individuals with long-term follow-up (>5 years), very few individuals (2%) had CAC progression >50. Individuals with follow-up 3–5 years did not have a significantly higher odds ratio for CAC change >10 ( p =0.17) as compared to the reference group (follow-up of 1–3 years). All the other individuals who had a longer follow-up (>5 years) had a significantly higher likelihood of CAC progression >10 (OR=6.6, 95% CI=2.6–16.9, p Conclusion In individuals with no detectable coronary calcium on an initial EBT scan, a repeat scan can be recommended no sooner than 5 years.
DCJ-Indel sorting revisited

The introduction of the double cut and join operation (DCJ) caused a flurry of research into the study of multichromosomal rearrangements. However, little of this work has incorporated indels (i.e., insertions and deletions of chromosomes and chromosomal intervals) into the calculation of genomic distance functions, with the exception of Braga et al., who provided a linear time algorithm for the problem of DCJ-indel sorting. Although their algorithm only takes linear time, its derivation is lengthy and depends on a large number of possible cases. We note the simple idea that a deletion of a chromosomal interval can be viewed as a DCJ that creates a new circular chromosome. This framework will allow us to amortize indels as DCJs, which in turn permits the application of the classical breakpoint graph to obtain a simplified indel model that still solves the problem of DCJ-indel sorting in linear time via a more concise formulation that relies on the simpler problem of DCJ sorting. Furthermore, we can extend this result to fully characterize the solution space of DCJ-indel sorting. Encoding indels as DCJ operations offers a new insight into why the problem of DCJ-indel sorting is not ultimately any more difficult than that of sorting by DCJs alone. There is still room for research in this area, most notably the problem of sorting when the cost of indels is allowed to vary with respect to the cost of a DCJ and we demand a minimum cost transformation of one genome into another.
A Simple Theoretical Argument for A¢ rmative Action

We consider a society which is jointly committed to the principle of equal opportunity and to increasing aggregate wealth. However, the society faces the vestiges of past discrimination in the form of a historically skewed distribution of social resources. We consider the problem of allocating the existing quantity of social inputs, and we contrast two policy instruments to redress past differences: redistributing resources in order to compensate for, or offset, the effect of the asymmetry on productive abilities, or granting preferential treatment in employment to members of the disadvantaged group (affirmative action). We show that society is generally better off with affirmative action than without it, and, indeed, that a socially optimal policy may rely solely on affirmative action.
Sudden death in a young female with an under-recognised coronary anomaly

Anomalies of coronary number and course represent an opinion-dividing topic in cardiopathology, particularly for their relationship with sudden cardiac death. To the best of our knowledge, we herein report the first fatal case of a young female whose coronary anatomy was characterised by the absence of any septal perforator branch in the proximal segment of the LAD. This case could be useful for pathologists, coronary angiographers, and interventional cardiologists in detecting this infrequent anomaly, thus providing a more accurate estimation of its incidence. The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/3570015858473043
Using Interactive Animations to Enhance Teaching, Learning, and Retention of Respiration Pathway Concepts in Face-to-Face and Online High School, Undergraduate, and Continuing Education Learning Environments

One major tool set teachers/instructors can use is online interactive animations, which presents content in a way that helps pique students' interest and differentiates instructional content. The Virtual Cell Animation Collections (VCAC), developed from the Molecular and Cellular Biology Learning Center, has developed a series of online interactive animations that provide teacher/instructors and students with immersive learning tools for studying and understanding respiration processes. These virtual tools work as powerful instructional devices to help explain and reinforce concepts of metabolic pathways that would normally be taught traditionally using static textbook pages or by neumonic flashcards. High school, undergraduate, and continuing education students of today learn and retain knowledge differently than their predecessors. Now teachers face new challenges and must engage and assess students, within a small window during classroom instruction, but also have the skills to provide useful content in distance learning environments. Educators have to keep up with changing trends in education as a result of technological advances, higher student/teacher ratios, and the influence of social media on education. It is critical for teachers/instructors to be able to present content that not only keeps students interested but also helps bridge learning gaps. VCAC provides high school, undergraduate, and continuing education biology or life science teachers/instructors with classroom strategies and tools for introducing respiration content through free open source online resources. VCAC content supports the development of more inquiry-based classroom and distance-learning environments that can be facilitated by teachers/instructors, which helps improve retention of important respiration subject content and problem-based learning skills for students.
Inpatient hospital admission and death after outpatient surgery in elderly patients: importance of patient and system characteristics and location of care.

Hypothesis: Surgery at different outpatient care locations in the higher-risk elderly (age 65 years) population is associated with similar rates of inpatient hospital admission and death. Design: Claims analysis of patients undergoing 16 different surgical procedures in a nationally representative (5%) sample of Medicare beneficiaries for the years 1994 through 1999. Setting: Hospital-based outpatient centers, freestanding ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), and physicians’ office facilities. Patients: Medicare beneficiaries older than 65 years. Main Outcome Measures: Rate of death, emergency department risk, and admission to an inpatient hospital within 7 days of outpatient surgery. Results:We studied 564267 outpatient surgical procedures: 360780 at an outpatient hospital, 175288 at an ASC, and 28199 at a physician’s office. There were no deaths the day of surgery at a physician’s office, 4 deaths
A highly directive, broadband, bidirectional distributed amplifier

Design considerations for developing a highly directive broadband bidirectional distributed amplifier are discussed. Through effective binomial scaling of the individual device transconductances, directivities on the order of -25 to -35 dB have been demonstrated using computer simulation and measured S-parameter data for the NEC 9000 transistor. The circuit is broadband, with the potential for operation over an octave or more in frequency. Finally, it is noted that the circuit is bidirectional in that it may be driven from both ends of the gate line simultaneously with high directivity exhibited at each respective port on the drain line. >
Liberal learning in nursing education—Connecting career with service

HhEN THE EDUCATION of nurses moved from ospital settings into colleges and universities, nurse educators embraced the fundamental principles of a liberal education as foundational to the academic preparation of professional nurses. Nurses were to be prepared for active participation not only in their discipline but also for working with others to shape and lead the democratic socie~ Graduates of a liberal nursing education were expected to both know themselves and feel compelled to act, to move beyond skill development to understanding and acting on their responsibilities for justice and magnanimit~ Toda?; these traditional purposes of a liberal education often are buried under the pressure to provide the vocational education nurses need for their careers. Faculty push for additional time to accommodate the delivery of vast amounts of disciplinespecific information to learners. Few opportunities are available for students to link their liberal education experiences and reflections with their professional studies. In fact, students often experience dichotomized educational environments wherein their liberal education is virtually forgotten, much less bridged or connected to their future life work.
Expanding the Conversation on High-Throughput Virome Sequencing Standards To Include Consideration of Microbial Contamination Sources

We thank Ladner and colleagues for their conversation about standardizing viral genome sequences derived from high-throughput (HT) sequencing technology. In their editorial “Standards for Sequencing Viral Genomes in the Era of High-Throughput Sequencing,” published in the May-June 2014 issue of mBio (1), they raise standardization issues and propose the development of categories to define viral genome assemblies. These are timely discussion points that will likely foster more robust repositories of viral genome sequences. At the same time, their discussion will likely raise additional issues that are important to address in the coming years. Among a number of issues, Ladner et al. describe the use of HT sequencing as an approach to globally screen viral stocks for microbial contamination. Contamination is an important issue here since the isolation …
A silicon MOS MMIC upconverter for CATV applications

We present the design and performance of a new silicon MOS upconverter designed for use in CATV tuners and related components. The upconverter contains a double balanced mixer, a VCO, and a buffer amplifier. It converts frequencies in the CATV band from 50-860 MHz to an IF in the range of 1000-1250 MHz. The silicon upconverter is an economical alternative to GaAs parts, and shows comparable performance.
Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and adoptive transfer of peripheral blood lymphocytes combined with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Objective: To examine the role of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood lymphocyte infusions combined with zidovudine in the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency v...
Exact large-signal lumped-network representation of a semiconductor

An exact 1-lump integral representation of a semiconductor layer of thickness w and its circuit model are obtained for large-signal and arbitrary steady-state levels. The dielectric capacitance is isolated from the distributed network. The application to p-n junctions is given as an illustration.
The Link Between Parents' Perceptions of the School and Their Responses to School Bullying: Variation by Child Characteristics and the Forms of Victimization

A growing number of researchers encourage parents to notify the school when their children are bullied and work collaboratively with the school to resolve the situation. However, there is limited research on factors that are associated with parents' responses to their child's victimization. Using data from an online survey of 773 parents of victimized students enrolled in 93 schools (elementary, middle, and high), the current study employed structural equation modeling to examine the association between parents' perceptions of the school's climate and parents' responses to their child's victimization. The results indicated that the more favorable parents' perceptions of the climate were, the less likely they were to contact their child's school or talk to their child in response to the victimization. The parents' perception of the climate and response choice also varied as a function of the child's age and the form of bullying experienced. These findings suggest that parents' perceptions of the school are associated with their responses to their child's victimization.
Basal Slip and Twinning in Sapphire (α-Al 2 O 3 )

Dislocation slip is an important mode of plastic deformation in sapphire (α-Al2O3) above its brittle to ductile transition temperature (≈ 1100°C). Three dislocation slip system have been identified, (0001) 1/3 \( \left\langle {2\bar 1\bar 10} \right\rangle \) † basal slip, \( \left\{ {\bar 12\bar 10} \right\}\left\langle {10\bar 10} \right\rangle \) prism plane slip, and \( \left\{ {\overline 1 101} \right\}\frac{1}{3}\left\langle {101\overline 1 } \right\rangle \) (and/or \( \left\{ {\overline 1 012} \right\}\frac{1}{3}\left\langle {10\overline 1 1} \right\rangle \) and/or \( \left\{ {\overline 1 \overline 1 23} \right\}\frac{1}{3}\left\langle {10\overline 1 1} \right\rangle \) ) pyramidal slip.1–15 It has further been shown that at elevated temperatures basal slip (|b B| = 0.476nm) is the easy slip system, whereas prism plane slip (|b Pr| = 0.822nm) is the secondary slip system and pyramidal slip (|b py | = 0.513nm) is the most difficult slip system to activate at all temperatures. At low temperatures, however, prism plane slip is preferred over basal slip,12–14 and both basal2, 16, 21 and rhombohedral twinning,22–26 become important deformation mechanisms. Thus, it is important to understand how the different deformation mechanisms are related to each other, and of particular interest in this paper is the relationship between basal slip and basal twinning
Dissecting diversity in the social brain

Soon after launching an ambitious 25-year study of the population cycles of rodents in the fields and prairies near the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1971, Lowell Getz saw something strange. Adult male and female prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster ) often appeared in the same live trap, unlike the meadow vole, whose sexes were more segregated. Moreover, the same pairs were often retrapped months later. Using radio tracking, Getz and his co-workers found that most trapped pairs were long-term partners living together in underground nests and sharing common home ranges ( 1 ). So began almost 50 years of pathbreaking research into the biology of prairie vole monogamy, in one of fewer than 5% of mammalian species with a monogamous lifestyle ( 2 , 3 ). On page 1371 of this issue, Okhovat et al. ( 4 ) use the prairie vole model system to investigate individual differences in this social behavior. Differences in social behavior are widely observed but poorly understood in most species.
Silicic acid HPLC of cardiolipin, mono- and dilysocardiolipin, and several of their chemical derivatives.

A silicic acid HPLC system in hexane-2-propanol-1 mM H3PO4 50:50:3.5 (v/v/v) is described for the analysis and/or purification of cardiolipin (CL), monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), dilysocardiolipin (DLCL), and several of their chemical derivatives. Derivatives that have been successfully analyzed include CL that is acetylated, succinylated, or tetrahydropyranylated at the 2-hydroxyl; MLCL acetylated at the 2 and 2‘-hydroxyls; DLCL acetylated at the 2-hydroxyl and both 2‘-hydroxyls; and MLCL tetrahydropyranylated at only the 2-hydroxyl. Water can replace 1 mM H3PO4 in the eluting solvent, but prior conditioning of the silicic acid column with the phosphoric acid solvent is necessary for acceptable chromatography. The most significant factor affecting the elution times of these compounds is the percentage of aqueous component, i.e., water or 1 mM H3PO4.
Investigation of the Learning Demands of the Graduates of Traditional Chinese Medicine

To evaluate the teaching quality objectively and provide the theoretical foundation for educational reform.The questionnaire was used to investigate the learning demands of the graduates of Traditional.The authors analyzed the learning effect of some courses studied in school and their learning demands for the related knowledge.
Surveillance quality control assessment analysis of food-borne pathogenic bacterium of Qingdao in 2011

Objective Comprehensively and objectively reflect the testing capability and technical level of the laboratory,to guarantee the reliability of the national food-borne pathogenic bacterium surveillance results.Methods To conduct the test according to National Microbiological Examination of Food Standards GB 4789.Results Escherichia coli O157 ∶ H7,enterobacter sakazakii,Lysteria monocytogenes,and Bacillus cereus were isolated from the quality control samples,the test results were completely correct confirmed by CDC of China.Conclusions The microbial detection ability of Qingdao CDC has reached the standard of the nation,can provide correct and reliable data for the food-borne pathogenic bacterium surveillance.
The Effectiveness of an Educational Game for Teaching Optometry Students Basic and Applied Science.

Purpose To compare the effectiveness of an educational board game with interactive didactic instruction for teaching optometry students elements of the core optometric curriculum. Methods Forty-two optometry students were divided into two GPA-matched groups and assigned to either 12 hours of game play (game group) or 12 hours of interactive didactic instruction (lecture group). The same material from the core optometric curriculum was delivered to both groups. Game play was accomplished via an original board game. Written examinations assessed change in knowledge level. A post-intervention opinion survey assessed student attitudes. Results There was no significant difference in pre- or post-intervention test scores between the lecture and game groups (Pre-test: p = 0.9; Post-test: p = 0.5). Post-intervention test scores increased significantly from baseline (Game group: 29.3% gain, Didactic group: 31.5% gain; p<0.001 for each). The score increase difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.6). The post-intervention attitude survey did not reveal any significant between group differences (p = 0.5). Conclusions Our results indicate that an educational game and interactive didactic instruction can be equally effective in teaching optometry students basic and applied science. Furthermore, both modes of instruction have the potential to be equally engaging and enjoyable experiences.
Cardiac rehabilitation in Germany.

The concept of cardiac reconditioning centers for the prevention and rehabilitation of coronary patients has been tremendously successful in Germany over the past 20 years. At least 40 such centers are located throughout the country. Physicians, nurses, and physical therapists work closely together in the various facets of the rehabilitation process. The financial backing for these facilities is primarily through governmental and regional insurance companies, whose officials are apparently convinced that in the long run supporting preventive measures is financially sound. Objective data supporting their convictions come from studies such as that of Brusis, who showed that such as that of 1,500 employees was diminished by nearly 70 percent during a two-year period after cardiac reconditioning, as compared to a similar time period before the rehabilitation experience. Subjective benefits, which are extremely difficult to quantitate in meaningful terms, were nonetheless expressed by nearly all the patients with whom I conversed. Perhaps they have experienced the same feelings that Mark Twain did when he observed that "all frets and worries and chafings sank to sleep in the presence of the benignant serenity of the Alps; the Great Spirit of the Mountains breathed his own peace upon their hurt minds and sore hearts and healed them."
Stability-Indicating Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Method for Determination of S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine in Tablets

We present a simple, accurate, stability-indicating nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for determining active (S,S) and inactive (R,S) epimers of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) in tablets. The SCH3 resonances of SAM epimers were well resolved at 300 MHz. Individual assays of 5 SAM tablets gave SAM values of 101.3 +/- 1.7% of declared amounts. Tablet solutions were assayed at a level of 8.0 mg/mL, but the method was linear for SAM concentrations ranging from 64 to 1 mg/mL (correlation coefficient, 0.9996). Reproducibility was indicated by a relative standard deviation of 0.33% for 6 replicate assays for total SAM at a concentration of 8 mg/mL. In contrast to the propietary liquid chromatographic (LC) method, which requires SAM as an external standard, the NMR method uses sodium trimethylsilylpropionate-d4 (TSP) both as an internal standard and as a chemical shift reference. The method was used to test the stability of SAM analytes under various pH levels and temperatures. We found 8% inactivation of SAM due to epimerization over a 24 h period at room temperature and pH 5. SAM solutions showed no detectable inactivation after 14 days when stored below 0 degrees C.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

This chapter discusses the incidence, epidemiology, pathologic classification, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatments of non-Hodgkin disease. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) results from malignant proliferation of cells of lymphocytic lineage. Although malignant lymphomas are generally restricted to lymphoid tissue, such as lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen, it is not uncommon to find bone marrow involvement in children. World Health Organization (WHO) classification of neoplastic diseases of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues are precursor B cell neoplasm, mature B cell neoplasm, precursor T cell neoplasm, and mature T cell neoplasms. The symptoms of NHL depend mainly on the location of the tumor and may present in a variety of ways, occasionally providing a diagnostic dilemma because of the protean manifestations of its presentation. The epidemiologic, immunologic, and molecular features of endemic and sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) are abdomen, head and neck, mediastinum, other primary sites, and constitutional symptoms. Chemotherapy is the therapeutic mainstay because of the multicentric origin of NHL. There are four different classifications i.e., stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV. Two potentially life-threatening complications, which are seen in children with NHL, are superior vena cava syndrome or critical airway obstruction with a large mediastinal tumor. This is most often seen in lymphoblastic lymphoma and tumor lysis syndrome because metabolic complications of chemotherapy are most often found in Burkitt or Burkitt like NHL. Different therapies are given to patients of NHL as a treatment, which include surgical therapy, prognosis, and radiation therapy.
Accuracy of Weight Perception Among American Indian Tribal College Students

Introduction National data indicate a higher prevalence of obesity among American Indian (AI) populations and greater disparity of morbidity and mortality among younger age groups compared with other ethnicities. Diet and physical activity are important obesity preventive behaviors, but no published data exist that describe these behaviors in relation to obesity in AI young adults at tribal colleges. Study purposes were to: (1) identify fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity practices of AI young adults from three U.S. tribal colleges according to BMI categories; (2) identify the accuracy of body weight perceptions; and (3) identify predictor variables for weight misperception. Methods In this observational study during 2011–2014, a total of 1,256 participants were recruited from three participating U.S. tribal colleges to complete an online survey addressing issues related to diet, physical activity, and weight perception. Reported height and weight were used to calculate BMI categories, and differences between BMI categories were examined. Gender differences related to accuracy of weight perception by BMI categories were also examined. Analyses were conducted in 2016. Results Based on self-reported height and weight, 68% of the sample was overweight or obese (BMI ≥25) and mean BMI was 28.9 (SD=6.9). Most did not meet recommendations for fruit intake (78.7%), vegetable intake (96.6%), or physical activity (65.6%). More than half (53.7%%) who were overweight/obese underestimated their weight category. Men more often underestimated their weight category (54.2%) than women (35.1%). Conclusions Interventions are needed to improve weight-related lifestyle behaviors of AI tribal college students.
Electromagnetic tweezers with independent force and torque control

Magnetic tweezers are powerful tools to manipulate and study the mechanical properties of biological molecules and living cells. In this paper we present a novel, bona fide electromagnetic tweezer (EMT) setup that allows independent control of the force and torque applied via micrometer-sized magnetic beads to a molecule under study. We implemented this EMT by combining a single solenoid that generates force (f-EMT) with a set of four solenoids arranged into a symmetric quadrupole to generate torque (τ-EMT). To demonstrate the capability of the tweezers, we attached optically asymmetric Janus beads to single, tethered DNA molecules. We show that tension in the piconewton force range can be applied to single DNA molecules and the molecule can simultaneously be twisted with torques in the piconewton-nanometer range. Furthermore, the EMT allows the two components to be independently controlled. At various force levels applied to the Janus bead, the trap torsional stiffness can be continuously changed simply by varying the current magnitude applied to the τ-EMT. The flexible and independent control of force and torque by the EMT makes it an ideal tool for a range of measurements where tensional and torsional properties need to be studied simultaneously on a molecular or cellular level.
Confronting “The Conditions” of Sénégalese Higher Education: Reframing Representation and Activism

This chapter explores collective student agency at Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Senegal’s largest university, through examining the ways students actively confront ideological and material conditions present at this under-resourced university. Interviews with students and professors, document analysis, surveys, participant observation and journaling were utilized to analyze how students conceptualize and produce agency within the university political environment, which is highly influenced by the inter/national context of educational policymaking and media representations within Senegal. The chapter highlights how students overcome “the rule of failure” on campus through community organizing and nonviolent student protest. In this process students enact agency that discursively and actively produce their identity and representation, as potentially transformative future leaders for the nation.
Genome-Wide Fitness and Genetic Interactions Determined by Tn-seq, a High-Throughput Massively Parallel Sequencing Method for Microorganisms

The lagging annotation of bacterial genomes and the inherent genetic complexity of many phenotypes is hindering the discovery of new drug targets and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. This unit presents Tn-seq, a method that has made it possible to quantitatively determine fitness for most genes in a microorganism and to screen for quantitative genetic interactions on a genome-wide scale and in a high-throughput fashion. Tn-seq can thus direct studies on the annotation of genes and untangle complex phenotypes. The method is based on the construction of a saturated transposon insertion library. After library selection, changes in the frequency of each insertion mutant are determined by sequencing flanking regions en masse. These changes are used to calculate each mutant's fitness. The method was originally developed for the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, a causative agent of pneumonia and meningitis, but has now been applied to several different microbial species.
C. elegans detect the color of pigmented food sources to guide foraging decisions.

Here we establish that contrary to expectations, Caenorhabditis elegans nematode worms possess a color discrimination system despite lacking any opsin or other photoreceptor genes. We found that simulated daylight guides C. elegans foraging decisions with respect to harmful bacteria that secrete a blue pigment toxin. By absorbing yellow-orange light, this blue pigment toxin alters the color of light sensed by the worm, and thereby triggers an increase in avoidance of harmful bacteria. These studies thus establish the existence of a color detection system that is distinct from those of other animals. In addition, these studies reveal an unexpected contribution of microbial color display to visual ecology.
The Importance of Early Orthodontic Treatment In Cleft Palate Planning

Abstract No Abstract Available. From the Department of Orthodontia, Eastman Dental Dispensary Rochester, New York Presented at the reunion meeting of the Graduate Department of Orthodontia, University of Illinois, March, 1956, Chicago, Illinois.
Thinking Like a Psychologist Introductory Psychology Writing Assignments: Encouraging Critical Thinking and Resisting Plagiarism

Teaching the general psychology course provides instructors with the opportunity to invite students to explore the dynamics of behavior and mental processes through the lens of theory and research. Three innovative writing assignments were developed to teach students to think like a psychologist, operationalized as enhancing critical thinking, applying research concepts, and resisting plagiarism. The assignments were evaluated with two samples of general psychology students. In Sample 1, student reactions to the assignments were uniformly positive. In Sample 2, students were assessed directly on their critical thinking skills using a set of three scenarios. An increase in students’ ability to think critically was found. Therefore, these assignments were successful in helping develop our students’ ability to think like a psychologist.
P002 Patient outcomes following liver-kidney transplantation with donor specific antibodies

Aim Simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation (SLKT) remains as the gold standard for patients with chronic renal and liver diseases. Pre-transplant donor-specific antibody (DSA) to class I antigens have been shown to decrease following SLKT; whereas, DSA to class II antigens may remain detrimental to long term graft survival. Methods We analyzed a cohort of SLKT performed at our institution from 2011 to 2017. We ran both flow and cytotoxic crossmatches pre-transplant and crossmatch positive samples were rerun in the post transplant period. We monitored for DSA both pre and post transplant using a single antigen bead assay. (One Lambda). Results There were 30 SLKT performed, of which 11 had pre-formed DSA (four class I and II DSA, five class I DSA only, two class II only). Strong donor specific anti-HLA antibodies were eliminated following SLKT for class I and II specificities while preserving anti-HLA antibodies against antigens that were not expressed on the donor. The presence of DSA lead to six positive flow cytometry crossmatches of which three were cytotoxic crossmatch positive. Repeat crossmatching with recipient serum post SLKT was found to be negative which correlated with the sharp decrease in DSA MFI detectable in recipient serum. Whether DSA in recipient serum was against class I, II or both antigens there was no significant difference in one-year patient or graft survival. Conclusions The liver absorbed the impact of DSA in our cohort of SLKT recipients. The SLKT recipient did well following transplant in the presence of DSA to class I, II or both. Given the high priority SLK patients receive, having strong DSA no matter the class with a positive XM result should not be a contraindication to transplant.
The evolving role of volumetric PET/CT parameters for prognostication in patients with lung cancer

1912 Learning Objectives 1. To review and summarize the benefit of PET/CT for prediction of the prognosis and outcome in lung cancer patients 2. To discuss the prognostic value of volumetric PET parameters such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in lung cancer patients. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide. PET/CT has an important role for diagnosis, restaging, treatment planning and evaluating treatment response. Volumetric PET parameters such as MTV and TLG have been shown to be independent biomarkers for prognosis assessment such as predicting overall survival, progression-free survival and disease-free survival as well as response to treatment. In this exhibit, we will discuss following topics: 1. Role of volumetric PET parameters in treatment monitoring, prediction of the treatment outcome and treatment response 2. Value of volumetric PET parameters as prognostic predictor at diagnosis, after induction therapy and for recurrent disease 3. Advantages of volumetric PET parameters over standard uptake value (SUV)
Edge-assisted content and computation-driven dynamic network selection for real-time services in the urban IoT

Supporting city-wide exchange of information in Urban Internet of Things (IoT) systems using existing communication infrastructures is extremely challenging especially when traditional services operate in the same network resource. Additionally, the most advanced Urban IoT services focus on real-time data processing, which shifts the perspective and goal of the network when transporting data. In this paper, the notion of Quality of Computing (QoC) is introduced to capture the level of support the communication infrastructure provides to this family of computation applications. In this context, we propose a dynamic network selection mechanism based on Software Defined Networks (SDN) designed to provide QoC in Urban IoT scenarios where the heterogeneous network resources are shared. The proposed mechanism dynamically assigns portions of data from IoT streams over licensed and unlicensed bands to guarantee QoC while minimizing cost of operations and licensed band occupation. Instrumental to our technique is the recently proposed edge-computing architecture, where computational resources placed at the edge of wireless access networks enable the interconnection of network management to processing. We consider a real-time monitoring scenario, where sensors transmit a video stream which is processed to identify and classify objects. The supporting wireless infrastructure consists of WiFi that operates in unlicensed frequency bands and cellular communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) operating in licensed bands. We demonstrate the performance by means of real-world experiments on a testbed with WiFi and LTE networks built with hostapd and OpenAirInterface.
Cost-Effectiveness of Single Versus Confirmatory Urinalysis in the Evaluation of Asymptomatic Microhematuria

Abstract Introduction In 2012 the American Urological Association released asymptomatic microhematuria guidelines that resulted in criticisms of overtreatment and improper risk stratification, particularly in women. Specifically, concerns have been raised regarding overtreatment in low risk female patients. Evaluating trade-offs between cost and effectiveness can provide valuable insight into the applicability of these guidelines in different patient populations. Methods We used a decision analysis model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a microhematuria evaluation according to the 2012 guidelines, using varying strategies according to whether confirmatory urinalysis was obtained and stratifying by sex. Where applicable, model parameter values were from prospective observational trials. Costs were estimated based on U.S. databases. Results Up-front evaluation costs 20% more than confirmatory evaluation ($792.76 vs $662.65). When considering costs per quality adjusted life-year, up-front evaluation costs $125,105 per quality adjusted life-year gained in the overall population. When stratified by sex, up-front evaluation costs $94,777 per quality adjusted life-year gained in male patients and $390,954 per quality adjusted life-year gained in female patients. At a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100,000 per quality adjusted life-year, up-front evaluation is cost-effective in male but not in female patients or the overall population compared to a delayed evaluation. Conclusions Up-front microhematuria evaluation may be economically justifiable in men but not in women or in the overall population. Sex specific risk stratification and confirmatory urinalyses may have a role in populations with a lower risk of urinary tract malignancy.
Parameterization of Mixed Layer and Deep-Ocean Mesoscales including Nonlinearity

AbstractIn 2011, Chelton et al. carried out a comprehensive census of mesoscales using altimetry data and reached the following conclusions: “essentially all of the observed mesoscale features are nonlinear” and “mesoscales do not move with the mean velocity but with their own drift velocity,” which is “the most germane of all the nonlinear metrics.” Accounting for these results in a mesoscale parameterization presents conceptual and practical challenges since linear analysis is no longer usable and one needs a model of nonlinearity. A mesoscale parameterization is presented that has the following features: 1) it is based on the solutions of the nonlinear mesoscale dynamical equations, 2) it describes arbitrary tracers, 3) it includes adiabatic (A) and diabatic (D) regimes, 4) the eddy-induced velocity is the sum of a Gent and McWilliams (GM) term plus a new term representing the difference between drift and mean velocities, 5) the new term lowers the transfer of mean potential energy to mesoscales, 6) th...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly progressive cancer that often debilitates patients within months of detection and quickly becomes refractory to the limited options of therapy. While SCLC is not generally considered an immunogenic tumor, clinical experience suggests that patients with robust immune response manifesting as paraneoplastic syndrome are more likely to present with limited stage of the disease and tend to have a better prognosis. Monoclonal antibodies targeting critical negative regulators of immune response, so called immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) have expanded the application of immune-based therapies to increasing number of advanced stage cancers. These agents overcome the inhibitory immune signals leading to a heightened immune response against cancer cells. These immune checkpoint inhibitors have established efficacy leading to regulatory approval for their use in many cancer types including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Evaluation of the CTLA-4 inhibitor, ipilimumab and PD-1 inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab in SCLC have shown encouraging signal but definitive studies are still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the rationale behind the use of checkpoint inhibitors in SCLC, contextualize the results of early trials of immunotherapy agents in SCLC and project the future evolution of this strategy.
Cardiac MRI for the evaluation of oncologic cardiotoxicity

Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a well-established adverse effect resulting from a number of cancer therapeutics. Newer immunotherapy has been associated with cardiomyopathy and myocarditis making comprehensive imaging useful for early recognition. Cardiac MRI (CMR) offers a comprehensive evaluation to detect CTRCD. Established guidelines for monitoring left ventricular ejection fraction for potential cardiotoxicity have recently incorporated CMR. We will review the utility of CMR in contemporary evaluation for potential oncologic cardiotoxicity.
Management of a nonathlete with a traumatic groin strain and osteitis pubis using manual therapy and therapeutic exercise: A case report

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Without a definitive single pathoanatomical origin for groin pain, management is difficult. The purpose of this case report is to describe the differential diagnosis and manag...
Management of Hypertriglyceridemia Induced Acute Pancreatitis

Hypertriglyceridemia is an uncommon but a well-established etiology of acute pancreatitis leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The risk and severity of acute pancreatitis increase with increasing levels of serum triglycerides. It is crucial to identify hypertriglyceridemia as the cause of pancreatitis and initiate appropriate treatment plan. Initial supportive treatment is similar to management of other causes of acute pancreatitis with additional specific therapies tailored to lower serum triglycerides levels. This includes plasmapheresis, insulin, heparin infusion, and hemofiltration. After the acute episode, diet and lifestyle modifications along with hypolipidemic drugs should be initiated to prevent further episodes. Currently, there is paucity of studies directly comparing different modalities. This article provides a comprehensive review of management of hypertriglyceridemia induced acute pancreatitis. We conclude by summarizing our treatment approach to manage hypertriglyceridemia induced acute pancreatitis.
Predictive factors for patients receiving intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Purpose:To determine whether anemia and other demographic or laboratory “risk factors” impact anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in diabetic macular edema patients.Methods:This is a ...