cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brewing for Students: An Inquiry-Based Microbiology Lab

In an effort to improve and assess student learning, there has been a push to increase the incorporation of discovery-driven modules and those that contain real-world relevance into laboratory curricula. To further this effort, we have developed, implemented, and assessed an undergraduate microbiology laboratory experiment that requires students to use the scientific method while brewing beer. The experiment allows students to brew their own beer and characterize it based on taste, alcohol content, calorie content, pH, and standard reference method. In addition, we assessed whether students were capable of achieving the module learning objectives through a pre-/posttest, student self-evaluation, exam-embedded questions, and an associated worksheet. These objectives included describing the role of the brewing ingredients and predicting how altering the ingredients would affect the characteristics of the beer, amongst others. By completing this experimental module, students accomplished the module objectives, had greater interest in brewing, and were more likely to view beer in scientific terms. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education.
Comparison of CSF Cytology and Spinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Leptomeningeal Disease in Pediatric Medulloblastoma or Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

PURPOSE: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) significantly affects the prognosis and treatment of pediatric patients with medulloblastoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Examination of CSF for malignant cells, detection of LMD on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or both are the methods routinely used to diagnose LMD. A recent study suggested 100% correlation between CSF and MRI findings in children with medulloblastoma. To determine the validity of this hypothesis, we compared the rate of detection of LMD between concurrent lumbar CSF cytology and spinal MRI performed at diagnosis in patients with medulloblastoma or PNET. PATIENTS AND METHODS: As a part of diagnostic staging, 106 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with medulloblastoma or PNET were evaluated with concurrent lumbar CSF cytology and spinal MRI. CSF cytology was examined for the presence of malignant cells and spinal MRI was reviewed independently for the presence of LMD. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (32%) were diagnosed with L...
Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Consumption of Foliage Treated with Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego and Various Feeding Stimulants

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae and adults were not behaviorally deterred from, and in some cases may have been stimulated to increase, feeding initially by the presence of M-One ( Bacillus thuringiensis var. san diego ) on foliage. However, consumption of M-One caused a decrease in subsequent consumption even of untreated foliage. Although certain feeding stimulants including sucrose, Coax, Entice, and a mixture of sucrose, amino acids, chlorogenic acid, and vegetable lecithin all stimulated feeding on foliage in laboratory tests either with or without M-One, this increased consumption did not increase subsequent mortality due to M-One. In a field experiment, increased consumption may have occurred where M-One was combined with Entice, but not to an extent sufficient to cause mortality greater than that on M-One alone.
A Numerical Study of Uncertainty in Stability and Surface Location Error in High-Speed Milling

High-speed milling offers an efficient tool for developing cost effective manufacturing processes with acceptable dimensional accuracy. Realization of these benefits depends on an appropriate selection of preferred operating conditions. In a previous study, optimization was used to find these conditions for two objectives: material removal rate (MRR) and surface location error (SLE), with a Pareto front or tradeoff curve found for the two competing objectives. However, confidence in the optimization results depends on the uncertainty in the input parameters to the milling model (time finite element analysis was applied here for simultaneous prediction of stability and surface location error). In this paper the uncertainty of these input parameters such as cutting force coefficients, tool modal parameters, and cutting parameters is evaluated. The sensitivity of the maximum stable axial depth, blim , to each input parameter at each spindle speed is determined. This enables identification of parameters with high contribution to stability lobe uncertainty. Two methods are used to calculate uncertainty: 1) Monte Carlo simulation; and 2) numerical derivatives of the system eigenvalues. Once the uncertainty in axial depth is calculated, its effect is observed in the MRR and SLE uncertainties. This allows robust optimization that takes into consideration both performance and uncertainty.© 2005 ASME
Investigation on Prevalent Rate of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis in Rural Residents Aged 30-79 in Kaijiang County,Sichuan Province

ObjectiveTo know the prevalence situation and epidemiological characteristics of chronic atrophic gastritis in Kaijiang County to provide scientific data for prevention and treatment measurements.MethodsRandomized cluster sampling was taken to sample residents aged 30 to 79 from 3 administrative villages and towns.Primary screen was carried out with occult blood bead betector,and final diagnosis was made by electronic gastroscope and pathological section examination.ResultsTotally 46 738 residents were checked.There were 102 patients detected with chronic atrophic,with the prevalence rate of 2.18‰ and standard prevalence rate of 1.82‰.There were no obvious differencs in standard prevalence rate among 20 villages and towns(χ2=1.063 9,P0.05).The prevalence rate was 2.50‰ of male and 1.89‰ of female.There was no statistic significance(χ2=1.98,P0.01).The prevalence rate was the highest in the age group of 50-year old both in male and female,then it was in the age group of 60-year old.ConclusionsThe prevalence situation and distribution characteristics of chronic atrophic gastritis are clear.
Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Chronic diseases include conditions such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, respiratory conditions, and arthritis. In high-income countries, chronic diseases have long been the leading causes of death and disability. Globally, more than 70 % of deaths are due to chronic diseases, in the United States, more than 87 % (World Health Organization [WHO] 2011). Almost one in two Americans has at least one chronic condition (Wu and Green 2000). Aside from the cost in terms of human welfare, treatment of chronic disease accounts for an estimated three quarters of U.S. health care spending (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2012). Chronic diseases directly affect overall health care budgets, employee productivity, and economies. Globally, noncommunicable diseases account for two-thirds of the overall disease burden in middle-income countries and are expected to rise to three-quarters by 2030, typically in parallel to economic development (World Bank 2011). Of particular concern to many low- and middle-income countries is that threats to population health occur on two fronts simultaneously: “In the slums of today’s megacities, we are seeing noncommunicable diseases caused by unhealthy diets and habits, side by side with undernutrition” (WHO 2002).
Just a theory

James Randi–sceptic, pseudoscience debunker, and exposer of Uri Geller and other alleged psychics–is sometimes mocked by his victims as a "mere magician". His response: "Magician? Yes! Mere? No!"
Recent Progress in Adaptive-Partitioning QM/MM Methods for Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics

Molecular dynamics simulations based on adaptive QM/MM methods feature on-the-fly reclassifications of atoms and molecular groups as either QM or MM without causing abrupt changes in the trajectory propagations, thus allowing QM subsystems to automatically change over time. Such treatments are not possible in the framework of conventional QM/MM, where the QM and MM partitions are predetermined and immutable throughout the simulation. The present contribution reviews the recent progress in the adaptive QM/MM algorithms developed by ourselves and our collaborators, namely the family of adaptive-partitioning (AP) schemes. Initially developed for the studies of solvated ions and molecules, AP methods have been extended to model large molecules, such as biopolymers, to monitor the exchange of solvent molecules between a protein active site and the bulk solvent, and to describe proton hopping in water via the Grotthuss mechanism.
Introduction: The Authoritarian Dynamic

Some people will never live comfortably in a modern liberal democracy. How they got to be that way, what consequences it has for the rest of us, and the conditions under which we will feel those effects are the subjects of this book. This work focuses on a particular type of person: one who cannot treat with natural ease or generosity those who are not his own kindred or kind, who is inclined to believe only “right-thinking” people should be free to air their opinions, and who tends to see others' moral choices as everybody's business – indeed, the business of the state. It is about the kind of people who – by virtue of deep-seated predispositions neither they nor we have much capacity to alter – will always be imperfect democratic citizens, and only discouraged from infringing others' rights and liberties by responsible leadership, the force of law, fortuitous societal conditions, and near-constant reassurance. This is not a person peculiar to any particular society or era; readers everywhere will recognize this character among their ranks (Greenstein 1987). The only variation is in the designation of “us” and “them” (Tajfel and Turner 1979; 1986; Tajfel 1981; Moscovici 1984; Turner 1987), and of what counts as right and wrong. What remains constant is this familiar triad of racial, political, and moral intolerance: the tendency to glorify some “in-group” and to denigrate “out-groups” (Turner and Brown 1978; Tajfel and Turner 1979; 1986; Tajfel 1981; Turner 1987), to venerate and privilege a set of ideas and practices, and to reward or punish others according to their conformity to this “normative order” (Stenner 1997).
Comparison of Contaminant Transport in Agricultural Drainage Water and Urban Stormwater Runoff

Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural and urban landscapes to surface water bodies can cause adverse environmental impacts. The main objective of this long-term study was to quantify and compare contaminant transport in agricultural drainage water and urban stormwater runoff. We measured flow rate and contaminant concentration in stormwater runoff from Willmar, Minnesota, USA, and in drainage water from subsurface-drained fields with surface inlets, namely, Unfertilized and Fertilized Fields. Commercial fertilizer and turkey litter manure were applied to the Fertilized Field based on agronomic requirements. Results showed that the City Stormwater transported significantly higher loads per unit area of ammonium, total suspended solids (TSS), and total phosphorus (TP) than the Fertilized Field, but nitrate load was significantly lower. Nitrate load transport in drainage water from the Unfertilized Field was 58% of that from the Fertilized Field. Linear regression analysis indicated that a 1% increase in flow depth resulted in a 1.05% increase of TSS load from the City Stormwater, a 1.07% increase in nitrate load from the Fertilized Field, and a 1.11% increase in TP load from the Fertilized Field. This indicates an increase in concentration with a rise in flow depth, revealing that concentration variation was a significant factor influencing the dynamics of load transport. Further regression analysis showed the importance of targeting high flows to reduce contaminant transport. In conclusion, for watersheds similar to this one, management practices should be directed to load reduction of ammonium and TSS from urban areas, and nitrate from cropland while TP should be a target for both.
When incubators evolve: new models to assist innovative entrepreneurs

This paper presents a brief background on business incubators, a historical context across three time periods, business characteristics culled from literature and relevant research findings and its implications. Emerging new models are illustrated with a practical working example of how innovation and entrepreneurship intersect. It ends with conclusions.
Evaluation of fever in the immediate post-operative period following shoulder arthroplasty.

AimsTo determine the incidence and timing of post-operative fevers following shoulder arthroplasty and the resulting investigations performed.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty over a nine-year period. The charts of all patients with a post-operative fever (≥ 38.6°C) were reviewed and the results of all investigations were analysed.ResultsA total of 2167 cases (in 1911 patients) were included of whom 92 (4.2%) had a documented fever. Obese cases had a significantly greater risk for fever (relative risk 1.53; 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.32; p = 0.041). Investigations were performed in 43/92 cases (46.7%), with a diagnosis being made in six cases (6.6% of the total, two of whom had their diagnosis made post-discharge).ConclusionAround one in 25 cases develop a fever following shoulder arthroplasty; most have no infective aetiology. These patients may be being over-investigated; investigations should be performed in patients with pe...
Evaluating different criteria for defining a complete ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recording: data from the Jackson Heart Study.

Objective We determined differences in the prevalence of blood pressure (BP) phenotypes and the association of these phenotypes with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) for individuals who fulfilled and did not fulfill various criteria used for defining a complete ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) recording. Methods We analyzed data for 1141 participants from the Jackson Heart Study. Criteria evaluated included having greater than or equal to 80% of planned readings with more than or equal to one reading per hour (Spanish ABPM Registry criteria), more than or equal to 70% of planned readings with a minimum of 20 daytime and seven nighttime readings (2013 European Society of Hypertension criteria), greater than or equal to 14 daytime and greater than or equal to seven nighttime readings (2003 European Society of Hypertension criteria), more than or equal to 10 daytime and more than or equal to 5 nighttime readings (International Database of Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcome criteria), and greater than or equal to 14 daytime readings (UK National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence criteria). Results Between 45.0% (Spanish ABPM Registry) and 91.8% (UK National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) of the participants fulfilled the different criteria for a complete ABPM recording. Across the various criteria evaluated, 55.5-57.8% of participants had nocturnal hypertension and 62.8-66.8% had nondipping systolic BP. Among participants with clinic-measured systolic/diastolic BP of more than or equal to 140/90 mmHg, 22.9-26.5% had white-coat hypertension. The prevalence of daytime, 24-h, sustained, and masked hypertension differed by up to 2% for participants fulfilling each criterion. The association of BP phenotypes with LVH was similar for participants who fulfilled versus those who did not fulfill different criteria (each P>0.05). Conclusion Irrespective of the criteria used for defining a complete ABPM recording, the prevalence of BP phenotypes and their association with LVH were similar.
The Effect of Health Insurance Coverage Expansions on Auto Liability Claims and Costs

Examines the effect of health insurance coverage expansions on auto liability claims and costs.
Ask Not How Many, But Where They Are: Substituents Control Energetic Ordering of Frontier Orbitals/Electronic Structures in Isomeric Methoxy-Substituted Dibenzochrysenes

Redox properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be modulated by substitution with electron-rich groups. Here we show, using the example of dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC), that substitution position (i.e., meta vs para) alters the energetic ordering of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), leading to cation radicals with altered electronic structures and thereby redox/optical properties. In particular, incorporation of four methoxy groups in parent DBC at meta positions similarly impacts the energies of phenanthrene-like HOMO and biphenyl-like HOMO-1, while their incorporation at para position swaps energetic ordering of HOMO and HOMO-1. We demonstrate that a straightforward analysis of FMOs provides valuable insight toward the rational design of novel PAHs with tailored redox properties.
"Second-look" laparotomy: warranted, or contributor to excessive open abdomens?

The overuse of temporary abdominal closure and second look (SL) laparotomy in emergency general surgery (EGS) cases has been questioned in the recent literature. In an effort to hopefully decrease the number of open abdomen (OA) patients, we hypothesize that reviewing our cases, many of these SL patients could be managed with single-stage operative therapy and thus decrease the number of OA patients. This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from Jun 2013–Jun 2014, evaluating EGS patients managed with an OA who required bowel resection in either index or SL laparotomy. Demographics, clinical variables, complications and mortality were collected. Fisher’s exact t test was used for statistical analysis. During this time frame, 96 patients were managed with OA and 59 patients required a bowel resection. 55 (57%) of those required one bowel resection at the index operation with 4 (4.2%) only requiring one bowel resection at the second operation. In the patients requiring bowel resections, 18 (30%) required a resection at SL. At SL laparotomy, resection was required for questionably viable bowel at the index operation 60% (11), whereas 39% (7) had normal appearing bowel. Indications for resection at SL laparotomy included evolution of existing ischemia, new onset ischemia, staple line revision, and “other”. 23 patients (39%) were hemodynamically unstable, contributing to the need for temporary abdominal closure. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative shock was the only predictor of need for further resection. Complications and mortality were similar in both groups. Almost one-fifth of the patients undergoing SL laparotomy for open abdomen required bowel resections, with 6.8% of those having normal appearing bowel at index operation, therefore in select EGS patients, SL laparotomy is a reasonable strategy.
The Real Trouble with Phenomenal Externalism: New Empirical Evidence for a Brain-Based Theory of Consciousness

The traditional view of the sensible qualities locates them in the head. But within philosophy there has recently been a kind of externalist revolution. While most scientists would still locate the sensible qualities in the head, many philosophers now claim that sensible qualities are really “out there” in the mind-independent physical world and that the function of the brain is just to reveal them to us. In favorable conditions sensory character is determined simply by what mind-independent states you are directly conscious of. The result is a kind of phenomenal externalism. Examples include externalist intentionalism, naive realism, and active externalism. The stakes are high, because many think that phenomenal externalism represents our best shot at naturalizing consciousness and its intentionality.
IN SEARCH OF A MODIGLIANI-MILLER ECONOMY

. We extend this history by examining the relationshipbetweentheModigliani–Millertheoremandquantitativemodelsofcreditrisk.Inthefirstpart of the paper, we sort out the role of the Modigliani–Miller theorem and Merton’sclassicalstructuralmodel.Thismaterialmaybefamiliartosomereaders.Subsequently,weexploretherelationshipbetweentheModigliani–MillertheoremandI
Single position versus lateral-then-prone positioning for lateral interbody fusion and pedicle screw fixation.

Background: To compare perioperative and radiographic outcomes following lateral lumbar interbody fusions in two cohorts of patients who either underwent single position or dual position surgery. Methods: Patients over the age of 18 with degenerative lumbar pathology who underwent a lumbar interbody fusion via lateral access from 2012–2015 from a single surgeon met inclusion criteria. Patients who underwent combined procedures, had a history of retroperitoneal surgery, or had inadequate preoperative imaging were excluded. Patients who remained in the lateral decubitus position for pedicle screw fixation [single-position (SP)] were compared to those turned prone [dual-position (DP)]. Demographics, surgical details, and perioperative outcomes were compared between groups. Results: A total of 42 SP and 24 DP patients were analyzed. The DP group had a 44.4-minute longer operating room time compared to the SP group (P 0.999) or post-operatively (P=0.479), and neither was the pre- to post-operative change (P=0.283). Conclusions: Lateral pedicle screw fixation following lateral interbody fusion decreases operating room time without compromising post-operative lordosis, complication rates, or perioperative outcomes.
Spinodal stratification in ultrathin micellar foam films

We report the discovery of a hitherto unreported mechanism of drainage and rupture of micellar foam films that presents unexplored opportunities for understanding and controlling the stability, lifetime and properties of ubiquitous foams. It is well-known that ultrathin micellar foam films exhibit stratification, manifested as stepwise thinning and coexistence of thin–thick flat regions that differ in thickness by a nanoscopic step size equal to the intermicellar distance. Stratification typically involves the spontaneous formation and growth of thinner, darker, circular domains or thicker, brighter mesas. Mechanistically, domain expansion appears similar to hole growth in polymer films undergoing dewetting by nucleation and growth mechanism that can be described by considering metastable states resulting from a thickness-dependent oscillatory free energy. Dewetting polymer films occasionally phase separate into thick and thin regions forming an interconnected, network-like morphology by undergoing spinodal dewetting. However, the formation of thick–thin spinodal patterns has never been reported for freestanding films. In this contribution, we show that the thickness-dependent oscillatory contribution to free energy that arises due to confinement-induced layering of micelles can drive the formation of such thick-thin regions by undergoing a process we term as spinodal stratification. We visualize and characterize the nanoscopic thickness variations and transitions by using IDIOM (interferometry digital imaging optical microscopy) protocols to obtain exquisite thickness maps of freestanding films. We find that evaporation and enhanced drainage in vertical films play a critical role in driving the process, and spinodal stratification can occur in both single foam films and in bulk foam.
Laser Technology Development for High Peak Power Lasers Achieving Kilowatt Average Power and Beyond

Novel architectures of Petawatt-class, high peak power laser systems that allow operating at high repetition rates are opening a new arena of commercial applications of secondary sources and discovery science. The natural path to higher average power is the reduction of the total heat load induced and generated in the laser gain medium and eliminating other inefficiencies with the goal to turn more energy into laser photons while maintaining good beam quality. However, the laser architecture must be tailored to the specific application and laser parameters such as wavelength, peak power and intensity, pulse length, and shot rate must be optimized. We have developed a number of different concepts tailored to secondary source generation that minimize inefficiencies and maximize the average power. The Scalable Highaverage- power Advanced Radiographic Capability (SHARC) and the Big Aperture Thulium (BAT) laser are examples of two such high average power laser concepts; SHARC is designed for production of ion beams and x-rays, and exploration of high energy density physics at 1.5 kW average power, and BAT is envisioned for driving laser-based electron accelerators at 300 kW average power.
Weight-Bearing CT Scan After Tibial Pilon Fracture Demonstrates Significant Early Joint-Space Narrowing.

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a common and early sequela of tibial pilon fractures resulting in substantial long-term disability. New approaches are needed to objectively and reliably quantify early disease progression in order to critically assess the impact of interventions aimed at preventing or mitigating PTOA. Weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) scans provide a means for measuring joint space while the ankle is in a loaded, functional position. We assessed the interrater and intrarater reliability of a standardized, regional method to quantify joint-space loss following tibial pilon fracture compared with the uninjured contralateral ankle. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 20 patients with intra-articular tibial pilon fractures that were surgically treated at 1 of 2 level-I trauma centers. Six months after injury, bilateral ankle WBCT scans were obtained. Joint space was measured by 4 reviewers at 9 discrete regions of the tibiotalar articulation on sagittal images. Measurements were repeated by reviewers 2 weeks later. To characterize the measurement method, interrater correlation coefficient estimates and test-retest reproducibility were calculated. RESULTS The mean tibiotalar joint space was 21% less in the injured ankles compared with the contralateral uninjured ankles (p < 0.0001). The middle-lateral and middle-central regions of the joint demonstrated the greatest decrease in joint space between injured and uninured ankles. The interrater correlation coefficient of the measurement technique was 0.88, and the test-retest reproducibility was 0.80, indicating good reliability and reproducibility of the method. CONCLUSIONS We developed a simple, standardized, and reliable technique to quantify tibiotalar joint space following tibial pilon fracture on WBCT. Significant loss of joint space is seen 6 months after the injury. This tool can be used to longitudinally quantify loss of joint space following pilon fracture and assess the impact of interventions to reduce PTOA.
Depression as a Comorbid Condition: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Studies analyzing depressive symptoms across chronic disease populations are limited. Our descriptive comparison investigation included two studies on life-limiting conditions: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and breast cancer. In both, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We found a mean depression score of 18.1 (± 11.8) overall (N = 243). Over half (54%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16); 26% reported severe depressive symptoms (CES-D > 24). Disease and years of education were predictors of depressive symptoms. Persons living with breast cancer showed significantly worse depressive symptoms than persons living with HIV (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for disease, fewer years of education predicted worse depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated common determinants of depressive symptoms in both disease populations, suggesting that underlying conditions known to be predictors of depression could be assessed to identify those at higher risk for depression.
Active Noise Control for Harmonic and Broadband Disturbances Using RLS-Based Model Predictive Control.

This paper develops RLS-based MPC (RLSMPC), which uses multiple implementations of recursive least squares (RLS) to perform model predictive control (MPC). RLSMPC uses output-feedback measurements rather than full-state-feedback to construct the control input, thus removing the need for state estimation. To remove the need for an a priori model, RLSMPC uses RLS to perform online, closed-loop identification. This approach is applied to active noise control with unknown sinusoidal and broadband disturbances.
Seqminer2: an efficient tool to query and retrieve genotypes for statistical genetics analyses from biobank scale sequence dataset

SUMMARY Here, we present a highly efficient R-package seqminer2 for querying and retrieving sequence variants from biobank scale datasets of millions of individuals and hundreds of millions of genetic variants. Seqminer2 implements a novel variant-based index for querying VCF/BCF files. It improves the speed of query and retrieval by several magnitudes compared to the state-of-the-art tools based upon tabix. It also reimplements support for BGEN and PLINK format, which improves speed over alternative implementations. The improved efficiency and comprehensive support for popular file formats will facilitate method development, software prototyping and data analysis of biobank scale sequence datasets in R. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The seqminer2 R package is available from https://github.com/zhanxw/seqminer. Scripts used for the benchmarks are available in https://github.com/yang-lina/seqminer/blob/master/seqminer2%20benchmark%20script.txt. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improved Access to Heart Re-Transplantation with the New Heart Transplant Allocation System

Purpose To evaluate the effect of the new heart transplant allocation system on patients listed for re-transplantation. Methods Adult patients, who were listed for heart re-transplant between Jan 1, 2017 and September 30, 2019, enrolled in the UNOS database were included in this study. Patients were classified in the old or new system if they were listed or re-transplanted before or after October 18, 2018, respectively. Results A total of 214 patients were listed for re-transplant in the study period. Of these, 127 and 87 patients were classified in the old and new systems, respectively. Patients listed in the new system had a higher frequency of transplantation within 1 year of listing (HR: 1.63 (1.23-2.17), p=0.001) (Figure 1A). Patient listed for re-transplant in the new system had a higher frequency of ECMO (16.1% vs. 6.8%, p=0.037) and IABP (20.7% vs. 4.7%, p=0.001) support. A total of 72 and 93 patients were re-transplanted in the old and new systems, respectively. Clinical characteristics did not differ between re-transplanted patients in old vs. new systems. The 1-year post-transplant survival was 91.5% and 86.4% for the old and new systems, respectively (Figure 1B, p=0.35). Conclusion With the implementation of the new HT allocation system, Patients listed for re-transplantation have an increased access to a second heart transplant with similar 1-year post-re-transplant survival.
Mind the Difference: Characterizing the Impact of Behavioral Health Disorders on Facial Trauma.

ABSTRACT Background Patients with psychiatric diagnoses are at greater risk for traumatic injury than the general population. Current literature fails to characterize how premorbid behavioral health disorders (BHDs) complicate craniofacial trauma. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with premorbid BHD sustaining facial fractures. Methods All adults in the 2013-2016 Trauma Quality Improvement Program datasets with facial fractures were identified. Demographics, injury characteristics, fracture patterns, and in-hospital outcomes were compared in patients with and without premorbid BHDs. BHDs included major psychiatric illnesses, alcohol or drug use disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or dementia. Results Twenty-five percent of the 240,104 subjects with facial fractures had at least one premorbid BHD. Assault (29.9% versus 23.9%, P Conclusions Patients with BHD represent a subset of facial trauma characterized by different mechanisms and patterns of injury and premorbid health status. BHDs are associated with higher in-hospital complication rates and resource utilization. Understanding the relationship between craniofacial trauma and premorbid BHD creates opportunities to improve morbidity and resource utilization in this group.
Lawyers and Regulation: The Politics of the Administrative Process

This book is a close study of lawyers who practise occupational safety and health law in the United States, using detailed interview and survey data to explore the roles that lawyers have as representatives of companies, unions, and OSHA (the Occupational Safety and Health Administration). Placed in the context of evolving understandings of regulatory politics as a problem of public-private interaction and negotiation, the book argues that lawyers adapt to multiple roles in what prove to be highly complex settings. The core chapters examine stages of the administrative process where various groups attempt to shape the immediate outcomes and the development of OSHA law. These stages include administrative rulemaking, post-rulemaking litigation of government standards, regulatory enforcement, and compliance counseling by lawyers.
Modeling the natural attenuation of benzene in groundwater impacted by ethanol-blended fuels: Effect of ethanol content on the lifespan and maximum length of benzene plumes

[1] A numerical model was used to evaluate how the concentration of ethanol in reformulated gasoline affects the length and longevity of benzene plumes in fuel-contaminated groundwater. Simulations considered a decaying light nonaqueous phase liquid source with a total mass of ∼85 kg and a groundwater seepage velocity of 9 cm d−1 and corroborated previous laboratory, field, and modeling studies showing benzene plume elongation due to the presence of ethanol. Benzene plume elongation reached a maximum of 59% for 20% ethanol content (E20) relative to regular gasoline without ethanol. Elongation was due to accelerated depletion of dissolved oxygen during ethanol degradation and to a lower specific rate of benzene utilization caused by metabolic flux dilution and catabolite repression. The lifespan of benzene plumes was shorter for all ethanol blends compared to regular gasoline (e.g., 17 years for regular gasoline, 15 years for E10, 9 years for E50, and 3 years for E85), indicating greater natural attenuation potential for higher-ethanol blends. This was attributed to a lower mass of benzene released for higher-ethanol blends and increased microbial activity associated with fortuitous growth of benzene degraders on ethanol. Whereas site-specific conditions will determine actual benzene plume length and longevity, these decaying-source simulations imply that high-ethanol blends (e.g., E85) pose a lower risk of benzene reaching a receptor via groundwater migration than low-ethanol blends such as E10.
High precision intelligent apparatus driven by a step motor for measuring liquid level

This paper presents a steel rope float type apparatus driven by a step motor for measuring liquid level. The apparatus consists of a tank top gauge, a pulse power supply, a STD industrial computer (Z80CPU) and a multiplexer. This apparatus has the features of very simple mechanic construction of the top gauge, uncomplicated circuit, highly accurate measurement, almost no influence by surrounding temperature variation, low cost, convenient operation, and easy maintenance. It can be not only used in making a long distance tour of tank group measurements but also can be plugged into a distributed control system (DCS) so as to directly provide data. >
Hemagglutination and hemolysis by : lichen extracts.

Twenty-two species of lichens from 10 different genera possessed a hemagglutinin for one or more of human, sheep, horse, cow, rabbit, guinea pig, and chicken erythrocytes. Hemolysins were also detected occasionally, but these were only active at low dilutions. In those species tested, the hemolytic principle was dialyzable; the hemagglutinating agent was not. Preliminary studies have indicated that the lichen hemagglutinins are nonspecific.
Epidemiology of Lyme Disease

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne illness in North America and Europe. The etiologic agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is transmitted to humans by certain species of Ixodes ticks, which are found widely in temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere. Clinical features are diverse, but death is rare. The risk of human infection is determined by the geographic distribution of vector tick species, ecologic factors that influence tick infection rates, and human behaviors that promote tick bite. Rates of infection are highest among children 5 to 15 years old and adults older than 50 years.
Diel activity and reproductive isolation in a diverse assemblage of Neotropical skippers (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

A sample of over 400 co-occurring species of Neotropical Hesperiidae attracted to artificial lures was used to test for temporal structure among species and explore potential consequences of temporal partitioning within assemblages. Five years of intermittent transect samples at the same site revealed that diel activity was significantly partitioned among subfamilies, genera and species within this species assemblage. Calculations of reproductive isolation indicate that partitions in activity times are sufficient to provide significant prezygotic reproductive isolation among some congeneric species pairs. Temporal patterns in this assemblage are considered in light of field observations and temporal partitions are examined as a potential isolating barrier among insects. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2008, 94, 723–736.
A Serious Suicidal Syndrome Masked by Homicidal Threats

: The individual who talks of killing others, but then kills himself, has received little attention in the psychiatric literature. This paper describes four young men who shared a number of features, including the initial threat of homicide, which the authors feel represent a serious suicidal syndrome. A striking aspect of these cases is the denial of violent potential by all concerned, including the evaluator. The latter's need to deny his own aggressive and hostile impulses may prevent his acknowledging them in others. The paper concludes with recommendations for evaluation of such patients.
The development of international inequality 1960–1985

Data from the International Comparison Project are used to assess the economic development in five regions of the non-Communist world: the North, the South, and three regions in the Tropical Middle (in America, Asia, and Africa). The use of an additively decomposable inequality measure is emphasized. A convenient Lorenz-type graphical procedure is presented.
DARPA super resolution vision system (SRVS) robust turbulence data collection and analysis

Atmospheric turbulence degrades the range performance of military imaging systems, specifically those intended for long range, ground-to-ground target identification. The recent Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Super Resolution Vision System (SRVS) program developed novel post-processing system components to mitigate turbulence effects on visible and infrared sensor systems. As part of the program, the US Army RDECOM CERDEC NVESD and the US Army Research Laboratory Computational & Information Sciences Directorate (CISD) collaborated on a field collection and atmospheric characterization of a two-handed weapon identification dataset through a diurnal cycle for a variety of ranges and sensor systems. The robust dataset is useful in developing new models and simulations of turbulence, as well for providing as a standard baseline for comparison of sensor systems in the presence of turbulence degradation and mitigation. In this paper, we describe the field collection and atmospheric characterization and present the robust dataset to the defense, sensing, and security community. In addition, we present an expanded model validation of turbulence degradation using the field collected video sequences.
PROGESTERONE AND 4-PREGNEN-20±-OL-3-ONE IN THE TISSUES OF PREGNANT RATS1

Concentrations of two progestational hormones, progesterone and 4-pregnen-20±-ol-3-one, were estimated in tissues of pregnant rats in the last third of pregnancy. Measurable quantities of both compounds were obtained from ovaries (progesterone, 7.9¼g. per gm.; 4-pregnen-20±-ol-3-one, 10.1 ¼g. per gm.), blood (progesterone, 0.07 ¼g. per gm.; 4-pregnen-20±-ol-3-one, 0.08¼g. per gm.), and fat (progesterone, 0.12¼g. per gm.; 4-pregnen-20±-ol-3-one, 0.08¼gper gm.). Fetuses, placentae, amniotic fluid and uteri on analyses gave negative findings. The conclusion was reached that ovaries are the major source of progestational hormones in the rat during late pregnancy
The contributions of managed care plans to public health practice: evidence from the nation's largest local health departments.

OBJECTIVE: The authors examine the extent and nature of managed care plans participating in local public health activities. METHODS: In 1998, the authors surveyed the directors of all US local health departments serving jurisdictions of at least 100,000 residents to collect information about public health activities performed in their jurisdictions and about organizations participating in the activities. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to examine organizational and market characteristics associated with managed care plan participation in public health activities. RESULTS: Managed care plans were reported to participate in public health activities in 164 (46%) of the jurisdictions surveyed, and to contribute to 13% of the public health activities performed in the average jurisdiction. Plans appeared most likely to participate in public health activities involving the delivery or management of personal health services and the exchange of health-related information. Managed care participation was more likely to occur in jurisdictions with higher HMO penetration, fewer competing plans, and larger proportions of plans enrolling Medicaid recipients. Participation was positively associated with the overall scope and perceived effectiveness of local public health activities. CONCLUSIONS: Although plans participate in a narrow range of activities, these contributions may complement the work of public health agencies.
Kinetics of isothermal martensitic transformations in an iron-nickel-manganese alloy☆

Abstract The kinetics of isothermal martensitic transformations in an Fe-24Ni-3Mn alloy can be satisfactorily analyzed in terms of autocatalytic nucleation, wherein the nucleation rate first increases and then decreases as a function of reaction time. When the volume per martensitic plate is measured by quantitative metallography, instead of relying on calculation by geometric partitioning, the autocatalytic factor is found to be relatively insensitive to the transformation temperature, and amounts to about 10 10 new embryos per cm 3 of martensite formed. The activation energy characteristic of the overall isothermal reaction (and hence, of the autocatalytic nucleation) decreases with decreasing temperature, and is of the order of 10 kcal/mole, as previously reported for the activation energy corresponding to the initial transformation.
Basal cell carcinoma following chronic otitis media.

: A 36-year-old white woman presented with a gradually enlarging lesion in the right preauricular area of 15 years duration. The patient had a 25-year history of chronic otitis media of the right ear; in spite of multiple courses of systemic antibiotics, she frequently noted a slight discharge from the affected ear, draining across the right preauricular area, causing a mild pruritic eruption. She recalled having had approximately 30 roentgenographs of mastoids, but denied any history of fluoroscopic examination. The patient denied a history of excessive sun exposure or exposure to arsenic or other carcinogenic factors. There was no family history of skin cancer.
Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl detection based on a genetically engineered bioluminescent whole-cell sensing system

The metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), such as hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs), have been identified as environmental contaminants. Various studies have shown that some OH-PCBs can potentially contribute to health problems. Detection of these compounds in environmental and biological samples could provide useful information about their levels and lead to a better understanding of their apparent toxicity. To that end, we have developed a whole-cell sensing system for the detection of OH-PCBs by taking advantage of the recognition of a group of related compounds, i.e., hydroxylated biphenyls, by the product of the hbpR gene in the hbp operon from Pseudomonas azelaica strain HBP1. By fusing the luxAB genes, encoding the reporter protein bacterial luciferase, to the hbp regulator-promoter sequence, a whole-cell sensing system was developed. Here, we describe the optimization and application of this whole-cell sensing system for the detection of a model compound, 2-hydroxy-3',4'-dichlorobiphenyl. A detection limit of 1 x 10(-8) M was achieved using this system. The detection of a broad range of individual OH-PCBs as well as an OH-PCB mixture was investigated. The system can detect OH-PCBs in whole serum samples in a trace amount, which is comparable to the detection of these analytes in medium alone. We envision that the method developed can potentially be employed as a rapid and sensitive way to monitor OH-PCBs for toxicological study in the laboratory, as well as a useful tool to evaluate the presence of bioavailable OH-PCBs in natural environments.
The Role of the Dentist at Crime Scenes

The medical response to a mass casualty further complicates the hectic environment that follows a terrorist event. In addition to providing treatment, medical professionals may discover items or persons of interest to the pending investigation and should be aware of how to handle these situations appropriately. Examples of case law are provided to illustrate how practitioners' actions could help or hinder prosecution. The traditional forensic role of dental professionals is identifying victims through dental records. In this article, the dental professional is considered a member of a disaster response team, and the differences in responsibilities are highlighted.
Number of males in primate groups: Comparative tests of competing hypotheses.

Primate social groups frequently contain multiple males. Male group size has been hypothesized to result from male mating competition, but the selective factors responsible for the evolution of multimale groups are unclear. Short breeding seasons create situations that are not conducive for single males to monopolize mating access to females, and may therefore favor the formation of large male groups. Alternatively, since the costs of mate defense increase with the spatial clumping of females, female group size may be a primary determinant of the number of males in a primate group. We used comparative methods designed to control for the potentially confounding effects of hidden third variables associated with phylogeny to test the breeding season and female group size hypotheses for the evolution of multimale groups. Our results revealed no association between breeding season duration and the number of males in groups. In contrast, we provide support for the female group size hypothesis by demonstrating a strong pattern of correlated evolution between female and male group size. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The intrinsic connections of the basolateral amygdaloid nuclei as visualized with the HRP method.

Abstract Electrophoretic injections of HRP were made in the lateral, basomedial and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei. As a control for possible uptake by injured fibers of passage, a series of control injections was made through a chronically implanted cannula [13]. Both studies demonstrated connections between the lateral and basomedial nuclei and both nuclei received cortical fibers.