cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methemoglobinemia from overdose of phenazopyridine hydrochloride

A case of severe methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia following ingestion of 5.6 gm of phenazopyridine with suicidal intent by a 16-year-old woman was successfully treated with intravenous methylene blue. Methemoglobinemia was suspected in this patient because of her intense central cyanosis, chocolate-colored blood, and minimal dyspnea. The patient's peripheral blood smear exhibited "bite cells." To the best of our knowledge, this is only the third such case reported in the literature. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy are reviewed.
Substance use, mental health and incarceration among Mexican-American young adult men with a history of gang membership

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284 e243 resource for tracking marijuana use behaviors and attitudes towards marijuana use in near real-time. Financial support: This publicationwasmadepossible byGrant Numbers UL1 RR024992 andKL2 RR024994 from theNational Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research and by K02DA021237 from the NIH. Other support includes an NIH Career Development Award awarded to Dr. Cavazos-Rehg (NIDA, K01DA025733) and NIDA, R01 DA032843, an NIH Midcareer Investigator Award awarded to Dr. Bierut (K02 DA021237), R01 DA031288 awarded to Dr. Grucza. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.126 Substance use, mental health and incarceration among Mexican-American young adult men with a history of gang membership Alice Cepeda1, Avelardo Valdez1,2, Kathryn M. Nowotny3 1 School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States 2 Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States 3 Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder,
Outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus wound infections among "lipotourists" from the United States who underwent abdominoplasty in the Dominican Republic.

Background Some US residents travel abroad to undergo cosmetic surgery for fat removal, a practice referred to as "lipotourism." Mycobacterium abscessus can cause postsurgical wound infection. Methods US residents who developed M. abscessus wound infection after undergoing cosmetic surgery in the Dominican Republic in 2003 and 2004 were identified using the Emerging Infections Network listserv. Results Twenty returning US travelers with M. abscessus infection were detected. Eight patients had matching isolates, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and repetitive element polymerase chain reaction. All 8 patients, who had previously been healthy Hispanic women, underwent abdominoplasties at the same clinic in the Dominican Republic. Symptoms first developed 2-18 weeks after the procedure (median interval, 7 weeks). Only 2 of the 8 patients received a correct diagnosis at the initial presentation. Most patients presented with painful, erythematous, draining subcutaneous abdominal nodules. Seven patients underwent drainage procedures. Six patients received a combination of antibiotics that included a macrolide plus cefoxitin, imipenem, amikacin, and/or linezolid; 2 received clarithromycin monotherapy. All patients but 1 were cured after a median of 9 months of therapy (range, 2-12 months). Because of a lack of access to the surgical clinic, the cause of the outbreak of infection was not identified. The patients who were infected with nonmatching isolates underwent surgeries in different facilities but otherwise had demographic characteristics and clinical presentations similar to those of the 8 patients infected with matching isolates. Conclusions This case series of M. abscessus infection in US "lipotourists" highlights the risks of traveling abroad for surgery and the potential role of the Internet in identifying and investigating outbreaks.
Ore-Forming Fluids

Ore-forming (hydrothermal) fluids, consisting largely of H2O, CO2, and NaCl, formed most of Earth's ore deposits. The fluids exist as largely unconfined systems in meteoric, seawater, and basinal settings, or locally and intermittently confined systems in magmatic, metamorphic, and basinal settings, and they are driven largely by differences in temperature, elevation or density. Temperatures are highest (∼600°C) in magmatic and lowest in basinal and meteoric (∼100°C) systems. Salinities well above that of seawater are reached by boiling, evaporation, and evaporite dissolution, largely in magmatic and basinal systems. Today, research is focused on establishing the concentrations of metals in these fluids, the volume and duration of hydrothermal flow, and the links between ore systems and larger, regional fluid systems.
Two-stage sintering inhibits abnormal grain growth during β to α transformation in SiC

Free sintering of SiC with Al, B, and C additions in two successive stages, first under nitrogen and then under argon, produced a near full-density ceramic with equiaxed grain structure. The beta to alpha transformation proceeded to completion; however, the grain shape remained equiaxed due to the action of nitrogen present during the first stage of sintering. It is found that the beta to alpha transformation is necessary but not sufficient for producing the microstructure of interlocking plates found in high-toughness SiC.
Effects of suckling and low doses of estradiol on luteinizing hormone secretion during the postpartum period in beef cows

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test if suckling acutely suppressed circulating levels of LH during the postpartum period in beef cows. In addition, the influence of exogenous administration of low concentrations of estradiol on LH secretion during the postpartum period was evaluated. Twelve mature cows were randomly assigned before parturition to one of three treatments. Four intact cows were used as controls (INT). Eight cows were ovariectomized within the first 7 days following parturition. Four of these cows received a silastic 17β-estradiol implant subcutaneously at the time of ovariectomy (OVX-E); the remaining four cows received no further treatment (OVX). All cows were allowed to nurse one calf for 30 min daily between 1200 and 1230 hours for the duration of the experiment. Blood samples were collected at 12 min intervals for 6 hr before and 6 hr after suckling on days 9, 30, 44 and 58 postpartum. Mean interval (mean ± SE) to the first increase in peripheral progesterone concentrations indicative of the onset of ovarian luteal activity was detected in INT cows 37 ± 4.9 days postpartum. An acute effect of suckling on LH secretion did not occur in INT and OVX cows but mean LH concentrations were reduced in OVX-E cows following suckling on days 44 and 58. Mean LH concentrations remained low in INT cows; whereas, in OVX and OVX-E cows LH concentrations increased linearly (P
Comparisons of multivariate analytical techniques for use in pre-quaternary plant paleoecology

Abstract Multivariate analyses are often used in ecology and have proved to be useful in plant paleoecology and palynology. A variety of different methods are available, but these methods have different mathematical bases and different assumptions about the data to be analyzed, which must be kept in mind when analyzing a particular data set. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of different methods used to analyze a set of fossil megaspore data from the Cretaceous Dakota Formation and discusses the methods from the point of view of the peculiarities of fossil plant data. Since fossil plant data are often not normally distributed, non-metric methods, such as those based on rank-order or presence/absence, can be useful. The Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient, when used with unweighted pair group average cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling, was found to give results that were more satisfactory than those obtained using other distance measures. If the investigator wishes to take absolute abundances into account, then minimum-variance cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis can be recommended, although the data may need to be log-transformed to reduce skewness. Principal components analysis gave the least satisfactory results. No one method can be considered “the best”; different methods should be used with different types of data. Any investigator using these methods is strongly urged to investigate different methods, their mathematical bases and assumptions and their performance on a certain data set before making a final choice as to the method to use in analyzing the data.
A dispersed multigene family encoding tubulin in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract We have used cloned chicken cDNA sequences for α- and β-tubulin to investigate tubulin gene organization in Drosophila melanogaster. Experiments using genomic Drosophila DNA from several sources indicate that there are at least four copies each of the α-tubulin gene and the β-tubulin gene. In situ hybridization experiments show that both the α- and β-tubulin multigene families have dispersed arrangements on the chromosome. Genes for α-tubulin have been localized at chromosomal bands 67C, 84B/C, 84D and 85E, while genes for β-tubulin have been detected at bands 60A/B and 85D. α-Tubulin and β-tubulin chicken cDNA sequences can be used to select a specific mRNA species from a complex mixture which translates in vitro into α- or β-tubulin protein. RNA blot hybridization using the cloned chicken cDNA sequences as probes shows that the α- and β-tubulin messages detected are clearly different in length, with the message for α-tubulin measuring approximately 2000 bases and the message for β-tubulin containing approximately 1800 bases.
Solar p-Modes in a Vertical Magnetic Field: Trapped and Damped pi -Modes

The linear oscillations of a semi-infinite polytropic atmosphere threaded by a uniform vertical magnetic field are studied in the ideal dissipationless limit. For a prescribed real horizontal wavenumber, k, there are an infinite number of discrete complex eigenfrequencies ω n −iΓ n , n=0, 1, 2,..., corresponding to oscillations which decay in time due to radiative damping by quasi-Alfvenic slow-modes (s-modes) propagating along the magnetic field lines in the direction of increasing fluid density
The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve as a highly suitable autograft donor for the digital nerve.

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous and digital nerves were compared by a histomorphometric method in each patient from a series of patients in whom a digital nerve was grafted with the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve as donor. Statistical analysis by the paired Student's t test of paired data sets from all patients showed that there was no significant difference between the two nerves in regard to the following parameters: fascicular area, area of the entire nerve bundle, and percent of the nerve bundle occupied by the actual nerve fascicles. These data, together with other observations reported here, strongly support the hypothesis that the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve closely resembles the original fascicular pattern of the digital nerve and is, therefore, a highly suitable donor for the digital nerve.
Network generation using the Prufer code

Abstract This paper describes the development and implementation of an interactive program for generation of generalized (e.g. maximum flow, minimum cost flow, shortest path), tripartite (i.e. transshipment) and bipartite (i.e. transportation and assignment) network problems. The generator is based on the Prufer code which is a numeric code that uniquely characterizes a tree. It has been implemented in BASIC on the IBM PC and makes extensive use of data structures and subroutines in order to promote modularity.
Dynamic lexical acquisition in Chinese sentence analysis

Dynamic lexical acquisition is a procedure where the lexicon of an NLP system is updated automatically during sentence analysis. In our system, new words and new attributes are proposed online according to the context of each sentence, and then get accepted or rejected during syntactic analysis. The accepted lexical information is stored in an auxiliary lexicon which can be used in conjunction with the existing dictionary in subsequent processing. In this way, we are able to process sentences with an incomplete lexicon and fill in the missing info without the need of human editing. As the auxiliary lexicons are corpus-based, domain-specific dictionaries can be created automatically by combining the existing dictionary with different auxiliary lexicons. Evaluation shows that this mechanism significantly improves the coverage of our parser.
Foliar uptake of atmospheric organic nitrates

[1] Increasing nitrogen deposition to forests can impact the balance between the carbon and nitrogen cycles. This nitrogen source, if taken up and used by forests, can increase growth and carbon storage. While previous findings have suggested that nitrogen deposition is not an important source of nitrogen for a forest ecosystem, the possibility of canopy uptake was not considered. Foliar uptake and utilization of inorganic nitrogen, such as NO2 and NH3, has been shown to occur, but utilization of organic nitrogen has not been demonstrated directly. Here we show for the first time that atmospheric organic nitrates (RONO2), one form of organic nitrogen, can be taken up by foliage and incorporated into the leaf amino acids, and we discuss possible uptake mechanisms.
Alignment during preproject planning

Many projects suffer when project participants are in disagreement as to the proper success emphasis or goals for the project. These differences in success emphasis are a result of poor team alignment. Alignment can be defined as the condition where appropriate project participants are working within acceptable tolerances to develop and meet a uniformly defined and understood set of project objectives. This paper outlines a recent exploratory research study aimed at identifying the important characteristics of alignment during the preproject phase of industrial capital projects. Included in this paper are a description of alignment, its relationship to the project team and corporate project approach, and its key drivers. Through workshops, interviews and project-specific data collection, 10 critical alignment issues were identified. A composite alignment effort index demonstrated a positive, measurable effect on the performance measure of a sample of 20 capital projects. Conclusions and implications for p...
Transverse momentum broadening of a fast quark in a Script N = 4 Yang-Mills plasma

We compute the momentum broadening of a heavy fundamental charge propagating through a = 4 Yang Mills plasma at large t' Hooft coupling. We do this by expressing the medium modification of the probe's density matrix in terms of a Wilson loop averaged over the plasma. We then use the AdS/CFT correspondence to evaluate this loop, by identifying the dual semi-classical string solution. The calculation introduces the type ``1'' and type ``2'' fields of the thermal field theory and associates the corresponding sources with the two boundaries of the AdS space containing a black hole. The transverse fluctuations of the endpoints of the string determine κT = (γλ)1/2T3π—the mean squared momentum transfer per unit time. (γ is the Lorentz gamma factor of the quark.) The result reproduces previous results for the diffusion coefficient of a heavy quark. We compare our results with previous AdS/CFT calculations of .
Hypothalamic site of action for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) on LH secretion

Abstract Excitatory amino acids have been shown to increase luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion following ventricular or systemic administration. In the present study we attempted to determine possible hypothalamic sites of action for the potent excitatory amino acid agonist, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The ability of NMDA to enhance LH release was tested in male rats following infusion into the medial preoptic nucleus (MPO), anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHY), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), and arcuate nucleus (ARC). In the MPO, infusion of 50 or 500 pmole NMDA increased pituitary LH secretion, resulting in a 2–7 fold increase in plasma LH. The 50 pmole dose was selected to test more caudal hypothalamic sites. Plasma LH levels were not affected following microinfusion of NMDA (50 pmole) into the AHY, VMH, and ARC. The present results indicate a regional specificity for NMDA in the enhancement of LH secretion. This regional specificity may reflect either a greater density of LHRH perikarya in the MPO or the presence of specific amino acid receptors on neuronal elements in the MPO, but not on neuronal elements in the other areas tested.
Consensus in the presence of partial synchrony

The concept of partial synchrony in a distributed system is introduced. Partial synchrony lies between the cases of a synchronous system and an asynchronous system. In a synchronous system, there is a known fixed upper bound D on the time required for a message to be sent from one processor to another and a known fixed upper bound P on the relative speeds of different processors. In an asynchronous system no fixed upper bounds D and P exist. In one version of partial synchrony, fixed bounds D and P exist, but they are not known a priori. The problem is to design protocols that work correctly in the partially synchronous system regardless of the actual values of the bounds D and P. In another version of partial synchrony, the bounds are known, but are only guaranteed to hold starting at some unknown time T, and protocols must be designed to work correctly regardless of when time T occurs. Fault-tolerant consensus protocols are given for various cases of partial synchrony and various fault models. Lower bounds that show in most cases that our protocols are optimal with respect to the number of faults tolerated are also given. Our consensus protocols for partially synchronous processors use new protocols for fault-tolerant “distributed clocks” that allow partially synchronous processors to reach some approximately common notion of time.
Antecedents of causal uncertainty and perceived control: a prospective study

Perceptions of lack of control have been thought to be closely related to causal uncertainty, or uncertainty about the causes of events (Weary and Edwards, 1994). A 6-week prospective study tested the notion that perceived lack of control results in higher levels of later causal uncertainty. This prediction was confirmed. It also was found that time 1 causal uncertainty was associated with higher levels of time 2 perceptions of lack of control. Feelings of lack of control, causal uncertainty, and levels of depressive symptomatology were concurrently related at both time periods. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
cAMP-induced stellation in primary astrocyte cultures with regional heterogeneity

It is well known that increased cAMP levels in cultured astrocytes can convert flat polygonal shaped astrocytes into process-bearing, stellate astrocytes. In this study, we have examined the possible existence of astrocyte regional heterogeneity in morphological changes in response to cAMP stimulation. Primary astrocyte cultures were prepared from six different regions of neonatal rat brains, including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, brain stem, mid brain, cerebellum, and hypothalamus. After about 2 weeks in culture, the astrocyte culture medium was changed to DMEM containing various concentrations of 8-CPT-cAMP, a membrane permeable cAMP analog, for 2 h. We found that 250 μM 8-CPT-cAMP produced a maximum effect causing >95% stellation in all regional astrocytes except hypothalamic astrocytes (56% stellation). At lower cAMP concentrations, cell stellation most effectively occurred in cerebellar astrocytes. To examine further the regional heterogeneity of astrocyte morphological changes, glutamate was added together with 8-CPT-cAMP to block cAMP-induced astrocyte stellation. Interestingly, glutamate blockage on cAMP-induced astrocyte stellation was brain region-specific in that cerebral and hippocampal astrocytes were effectively blocked by glutamate when compared to other regional astrocytes. Furthermore, glutamate inhibited isoproterenol-induced astrocyte stellation in a region-specific manner similarly as in cAMP-induced stellation. The present study demonstrates that astrocytes derived from different regions of the neonatal rat brain maintain different levels of morphological plasticity in culture.
Dynamical allosterism in the mechanism of action of DNA mismatch repair protein MutS.

The multidomain protein Thermus aquaticus MutS and its prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologs recognize DNA replication errors and initiate mismatch repair. MutS actions are fueled by ATP binding and hydrolysis, which modulate its interactions with DNA and other proteins in the mismatch-repair pathway. The DNA binding and ATPase activities are allosterically coupled over a distance of ∼70 A, and the molecular mechanism of coupling has not been clarified. To address this problem, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of ∼150 ns including explicit solvent were performed on two key complexes—ATP-bound and ATP-free MutS⋅DNA(+T bulge). We used principal component analysis in fluctuation space to assess ATP ligand-induced changes in MutS structure and dynamics. The molecular dynamics-calculated ensembles of thermally accessible structures showed markedly small differences between the two complexes. However, analysis of the covariance of dynamical fluctuations revealed a number of potentially significant interresidue and interdomain couplings. Moreover, principal component analysis revealed clusters of correlated atomic fluctuations linking the DNA and nucleotide binding sites, especially in the ATP-bound MutS⋅DNA(+T) complex. These results support the idea that allosterism between the nucleotide and DNA binding sites in MutS can occur via ligand-induced changes in motion, i.e., dynamical allosterism.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA in normal and dystrophic neurons.

Abstract Base ratios of RNA were determined separately on nuclei and cytoplasm from anterior horn cells obtained by free-hand dissection. The nuclei were separated from the cytoplasm by micromanipulation and the extraction was done with ribonuclease followed by microhydrolysis, microelectrophoresis and microdensitometry.
Sorafenib Cardiotoxicity Increases Mortality after Myocardial Infarction

Rationale: Sorafenib is an effective treatment for renal cell carcinoma, but recent clinical reports have documented its cardiotoxicity through an unknown mechanism. Objective: Determining the mechanism of sorafenib-mediated cardiotoxicity. Methods and Results: Mice treated with sorafenib or vehicle for 3 weeks underwent induced myocardial infarction (MI) after 1 week of treatment. Sorafenib markedly decreased 2-week survival relative to vehicle-treated controls, but echocardiography at 1 and 2 weeks post MI detected no differences in cardiac function. Sorafenib-treated hearts had significantly smaller diastolic and systolic volumes and reduced heart weights. High doses of sorafenib induced necrotic death of isolated myocytes in vitro, but lower doses did not induce myocyte death or affect inotropy. Histological analysis documented increased myocyte cross-sectional area despite smaller heart sizes after sorafenib treatment, further suggesting myocyte loss. Sorafenib caused apoptotic cell death of cardiac- and bone-derived c-kit+ stem cells in vitro and decreased the number of BrdU+ (5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine+) myocytes detected at the infarct border zone in fixed tissues. Sorafenib had no effect on infarct size, fibrosis, or post-MI neovascularization. When sorafenib-treated animals received metoprolol treatment post MI, the sorafenib-induced increase in post-MI mortality was eliminated, cardiac function was improved, and myocyte loss was ameliorated. Conclusions: Sorafenib cardiotoxicity results from myocyte necrosis rather than from any direct effect on myocyte function. Surviving myocytes undergo pathological hypertrophy. Inhibition of c-kit+ stem cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis exacerbates damage by decreasing endogenous cardiac repair. In the setting of MI, which also causes large-scale cell loss, sorafenib cardiotoxicity dramatically increases mortality. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-65}
SCREENING FOR SPATIAL DEPENDENCE IN REGRESSION ANALYSIS

A technique of analysis is presented that is designed to circumvent the problem of finding wasy to estimate parameters of spatially stochastic independent variables. It is based on 1) a type of second-order analysis that describes the spatial association among weighted observations, and 2) a screening procedure that removes most of the spatial dependence in the dependent variable. The approach is illustrated by a study of the incidence of certain crimes in 49 districts of Columbus, Ohio. It is concluded that spatial justaposition of observations plays a large role in regression analyses that are based on spatial series.
Weekly cisplatin induction chemotherapy in the treatment of recurrent cervical carcinoma.

Abstract Sixty-nine patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma were treated with weekly cisplatin induction chemotherapy. A 27% objective response was obtained in 67 evaluable patients. The highest responses were seen in liver (33%), supraclavicular nodes (40%), and lung (48%), whereas only one out of 24 (4.2%) patients with central recurrence responded. Consolidation therapy with cisplatin combinations administered on a monthly basis did not enhance response to cisplatin. Cisplatin induction therapy was well tolerated With minimal toxicity.
Diabetes remission and glycemic response to pre-bariatric surgery diet.

Abstract Background Before bariatric surgery, some patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience improvement in blood glucose control and reduced insulin requirements while on a preoperative low-calorie diet (LCD). We hypothesized that patients who exhibit a significant glycemic response to this diet are more likely to experience remission of their diabetes in the postoperative period. Materials and methods Insulin-dependent T2DM patients undergoing bariatric surgery between August 2006 and February 2011 were eligible for inclusion. Insulin requirements at day 0 and 10 of the LCD were compared. Patients with a ≥50% reduction in total insulin dosage to maintain appropriate blood glucose control were considered rapid responders to the preoperative LCD. All others were non–rapid responders. We analyzed T2DM remission rates up to 1 y postoperatively. Results A total of 51 patients met inclusion criteria and 29 were categorized as rapid responders (57%). The remaining 22 were considered non–rapid responders (43%). The two groups did not differ demographically. Rapid responders had greater T2DM remission rates at 6 (44% versus 13.6%; P = 0.02) and 12 mo (72.7% versus 5.9%; P Conclusions Insulin-dependent T2DM bariatric surgery patients who display a rapid glycemic response to the preoperative LCD are more likely to experience early remission of T2DM postoperatively and greater weight loss.
Chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal cells elicited by bone matrix in vitro

Abstract Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) induces development of bone in vivo via the endochondral mode of development. Early events in this inductive process involve the appearance of mesenchymal cells (day 3) followed by chondrogenic differentiation (day 7) after subcutaneous implantation of DBM. In this investigation the chondrogenic potential in vitro of day 3 and day 4 mesenchymal cells from a DBM-induced implant has been explored. Immunofluorescent examination of day 3 cell cultures maintained for 4 days revealed the presence of type II collagen and cartilage-specific proteoglycans only in spherical or polyhedral cells. Micromass cultures and agarose suspension cultures showed toluidine-blue metachromasia in only a small population of cells. Biochemical estimation of 35SO4-labeled proteoglycans from suspension cultures of day 3 and day 4 cells maintained for 3 days indicated the presence of 29% and 38% large cartilage-specific proteoglycans, respectively. Addition of bone-inductive guanidine extract of DBM to the cultures did not significantly increase the percentage of large proteoglycans. These observations suggest that day 3 and day 4 cells can undergo chondrogenic differentiation in vitro without the continued presence of the bone-inductive guanidine extract. The presence of guanidine extract in cultures did not enhance chondrogenic expression or promote the recruitment of mesenchymal cells and their transformation to the chondrogenic phenotype.
Mathematics Majors' Perceptions of Conviction, Validity, and Proof

In this paper, 28 mathematics majors who completed a transition-to-proof course were given 10 mathematical arguments. For each argument, they were asked to judge how convincing they found the argument and whether they thought the argument constituted a mathematical proof. The key findings from this data were (a) most participants did not find the empirical argument in the study to be convincing or to meet the standards of proof, (b) the majority of participants found a diagrammatic argument to be both convincing and a proof, (c) participants evaluated deductive arguments not by their form but by their content, but (d) participants often judged invalid deductive arguments to be convincing proofs because they did not recognize their logical flaws. These findings suggest improving undergraduates' comprehension of mathematical arguments does not depend on making undergraduates aware of the limitations of empirical arguments but instead on improving the ways in which they process the arguments that they read.
Value of the american College of Cardiology/American Heart association stenosis morphology classification for coronary interventions in the late 1990s

The goal of this study was to reassess the accuracy of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) stenosis morphology classification for predicting coronary intervention success and complications in the era of new devices. Previous studies performed in the early part of this decade for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease found that these criteria were predictive of success rates but not complication rates. Data for 957 consecutive coronary interventions in 1,404 lesions from June 1994 to October 1996 were prospectively classified according to ACC/AHA guidelines and entered into a database. Ninety-one and 9/10 of coronary interventions were successful, defined as <50% residual stenosis of each vessel attempted in the absence of major in-hospital complications, including Q-wave myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, need for emergency coronary artery bypass surgery, or death. Success rates did not differ between A (186 of 193, 96.3%), B1 (211 of 221, 95.5%), and B2 (676 of 711, 95.1%) lesions, but each was more successful than C (246 of 279, 88.2%) lesions (p <0.003, p < 0.004, and p = 0.0001, respectively). The class of lesion (A, B, or C) did not predict device (atherectomy, rotablator, and stent) use but specific morphologic characteristics of lesions within these classes were predictive of which device was used. Multiple regression analysis revealed that total occlusion and vessel tortuosity were predictive of procedure failure. Lesion type (A, B, or C) was not predictive of complications, but bifurcation lesions (p = 0.0045), presence of thrombus (p = 0.0001), inability to protect a major side branch (p = 0.0468), and degenerated vein graft lesions (p = 0.0283) were predictive. Thus, the ACC/AHA grading system is predictive of successful coronary intervention outcome, particularly of C-type characteristics, but not of complications or device success rate and selection. Although lesion type (A, B, or C) was not predictive of complications, specific lesion morphologies were predictive of adverse events and device use.
Transfer of experimental glomerulonephritis in chickens by mononuclear cells.

Transfer of experimental glomerulonephritis in chickens by mononuclear cells. We have produced experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG) in histocompatible SC chickens by immunization with different types of glomerular antigen. The development of EAG was time, but not antigen, dependent. Transfer of mononuclear cells from spleens and kidneys of nephritic animals resulted in EAG in naive recipients. Transferred EAG developed earlier than in immunized donors and was not associated with circulating or bound anti-GBM antibodies. Control recipients did not develop disease from control cells alone, soluble antigen, or antigen plus control cells. The cells which transferred EAG appeared morphologically by light and electron microscopy to be lymphocytes, sedimented as lymphocytes, were positive with anti-serum to thymocytes but negative with anti-bursa anti-serum, stained as T-cells with monoclonal antibodies and underwent blast transformation in response to mitogen and GBM antigen. Other organ specific diseases have been transferred by cells alone; to our knowledge this is the first description of glomerulonephritis transferred by cells alone. This new pathogenetic process may play an important role in the development of glomerulonephritis in other animal models as well as in humans.
Reactive Ion Etching of Thin Gold Films

Reactive ion etching of thin gold films using chlorine , carbon tetrafluoride , carbon tetrachloride , and a mixture of these gases was investigated. Etch rates were studied by changing the etching gas composition, pressure, and power in a parallel‐plate reactive ion etcher. Reactive ion etching of gold using or yields a low etch rate and a carbon residue formation on etched surfaces. The introduction of to the did not improve the etch rate. However, the addition of to was found to etch the carbon residue and significantly enhance the etch rate of gold. The etch rate of gold varies from 30 A/min using a chlorine plasma to 990 A/min using a mixture of and . For a mixture of and , the etch rate of gold was found to be twice the etch rate of positive photoresist, suggesting that positive photoresist is a practical mask for most applications involving the reactive ion etching of thin gold films.
Diet and physical activity of U.S. adults with heart disease following preventive advice

Abstract Background . The extent to which persons with heart disease have been told to engage in and follow recommended preventive lifestyle actions is unknown. Methods . Receipt of advice for and levels of reported fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity were analyzed among people with heart disease in 25 states/territories in the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone-based survey of US adults. Results . Overall, 7392 of 113,795 people reported a heart attack or coronary heart disease. Among these, 54.4% of respondents with heart disease were told to eat more fruits and vegetables; 24.7% met recommended 5 servings per day. In multivariable analyses, those told to eat more fruits and vegetables were somewhat more likely than those not advised to meet recommended intake (Odds ratio [OR] 1.30, confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.55). Some 53.2% were told to be more physically active; 33.2% met recommended physical activity levels and 30.8% were sedentary. In multivariable analyses, having been told to engage in physical activity was not related to the likelihood of meeting recommended levels (OR: 1.09, 95%; CI: 0.93–1.27). In sub-analyses, receipt of cardiac rehabilitation after heart attack was associated with meeting both dietary (OR: 1.50, CI 1.18–1.92) and activity recommended levels (OR 1.47, CI 1.20–1.82). Conclusion . Dietary and physical activity advice and patient actions remain suboptimal. Further efforts to identify effective patient education techniques and barriers to behavior change are needed to improve secondary prevention of heart disease.
One man's view of the ideal APL system

By this time it must be clear that in principle APL can be used for programming in any field. Its algorithmic power is unquestioned, and its productivity advantage over other languages is generally conceded. Nevertheless, its use has not swept the industry. There are many reasons for this, ranging from inertia and prejudice to high cost and limited availability. In this talk I want to address the question of what I think is required of APL systems to help overcome these problems and change the situation.
Is amblyopia spatial frequency or retinal locus specific

The visual deficit associated with amblyopia is thought to be both spatial frequency and retinal locus dependent. However, most data that have been obtained can be accounted for by either of these factors or by a combination of both. We have tried to distinguish between these three possibilities by measuring contrast sensitivity at different retinal loci using discrete localized patches of grating. For five of nine amblyopes, we find the contrast sensitivity deficit to be constant across the retina for a given spatial frequency. In only two cases were there substantial changes as a function of retinal eccentricity. Therefore, most of our data suggest that the visual deficit in amblyopia is primarily spatial frequency and not retinal locus specific.
The role of vitamin D in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analytic approach.

Objective To determine if vitamin D is more effective than no therapy or calcium alone in the management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, and to determine how vitamin D compares with other osteoporosis therapies, e.g., bisphosphonates, calcitonin, or fluoride, for this condition. Methods We evaluated all formulations of vitamin D, including its active metabolites and analogs. A systematic search for published and unpublished studies was conducted using MEDLINE (1966–December 1997), bibliographic references, abstracts from proceedings of recent national meetings, and contact with pharmaceutical companies and content experts. We included all randomized controlled trials lasting at least 6 months (and reporting extractable results), of patients receiving oral corticosteroids, that compared vitamin D with either 1) no therapy or calcium alone, or 2) bisphosphonates, calcitonin, or fluoride. The primary outcome measure of interest was change in lumbar spine bone mineral density. Results We found a moderate beneficial effect of vitamin D plus calcium versus no therapy or calcium alone (9 trials) (effect size 0.60; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.34, 0.85; P < 0.0001). In comparisons of vitamin D with other osteoporosis therapies, bisphosphonates were more effective than vitamin D (6 trials) (effect size 0.57; 95% CI 0.09, 1.05). Calcitonin was similar in efficacy to vitamin D (4 trials) (effect size 0.03; 95% CI −0.39, 0.45). Fluoride was more effective than vitamin D, but there were only 2 trials. Conclusion Vitamin D plus calcium is superior to no therapy or calcium alone in the management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Vitamin D is less effective than some osteoporosis therapies. Therefore, treatment with vitamin D plus calcium, as a minimum, should be recommended to patients receiving long-term corticosteroids.
Loss of Maternal ATRX Results in Centromere Instability and Aneuploidy in the Mammalian Oocyte and Pre-Implantation Embryo

The α-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked protein (ATRX) is a chromatin-remodeling factor known to regulate DNA methylation at repetitive sequences of the human genome. We have previously demonstrated that ATRX binds to pericentric heterochromatin domains in mouse oocytes at the metaphase II stage where it is involved in mediating chromosome alignment at the meiotic spindle. However, the role of ATRX in the functional differentiation of chromatin structure during meiosis is not known. To test ATRX function in the germ line, we developed an oocyte-specific transgenic RNAi knockdown mouse model. Our results demonstrate that ATRX is required for heterochromatin formation and maintenance of chromosome stability during meiosis. During prophase I arrest, ATRX is necessary to recruit the transcriptional regulator DAXX (death domain associated protein) to pericentric heterochromatin. At the metaphase II stage, transgenic ATRX-RNAi oocytes exhibit abnormal chromosome morphology associated with reduced phosphorylation of histone 3 at serine 10 as well as chromosome segregation defects leading to aneuploidy and severely reduced fertility. Notably, a large proportion of ATRX-depleted oocytes and 1-cell stage embryos exhibit chromosome fragments and centromeric DNA–containing micronuclei. Our results provide novel evidence indicating that ATRX is required for centromere stability and the epigenetic control of heterochromatin function during meiosis and the transition to the first mitosis.
A mesoscale model study of summertime atmospheric circulations in the north polar region of Mars

[1] The Oregon State University Mars MM5 was used in a comprehensive high-resolution study of northern polar summertime circulations. Three simulations (Ls = 120, Ls = 135, and Ls = 150) characterize the changing circulation. The atmosphere is dry, and model dynamics are hydrostatic. A modified TES thermal inertia map provides a realistic simulation of the polar thermal environment. The highest-resolution nest (18 km) resolves complex flows near the cap; zonal-mean easterlies (∼10 m/s) and zonal-mean katabatic winds (∼5 m/s) near the surface are relatively steady during this study. Katabatic flows are shallow (∼300 m); the easterlies are deeper (∼1.5 km). Transient eddies are very important within the first scale height; they are excited by mechanisms, and at locations, that change dramatically during this short study period. At Ls = 120 they form along the residual cap edge with a zonal wave number one structure, producing strong excursion winds (10–15 m/s) that blow consistently across the cap. By Ls = 135, strong eddies are seen to form on the northern slopes of Alba Patera and Tharsis. These eddies are quite suggestive of the large annular cloud structures seen in Hubble Space Telescope and Mars Orbital Camera imagery at this location and season and can traverse the high latitudes to reach the residual cap before dissipating. Eddies in the earlier two simulations appear to be primarily excited by energetic flows near the surface. By Ls = 150 an early fall polar jet causes strong winter-like baroclinic eddies to develop. The transient eddies found in this study are probably important in the water cycle of the northern residual cap.
Hilary of Poitiers’ De Trinitate and the Name(s) of God

“Hilary of Poitiers’ De Trinitate and the Name(s) of God” investigates the implications of the ancient nomos/physis debate to Trinitarian theology. While the Cappadocians, countering Heteroousians, eventually demonstrated that naturalist understanding of naming did not work for Christian theology, Hilary still assumed that it did. Hilary is usually grouped with naturalists who held that names were not arbitrary and conventional impositions, but that they corresponded to the nature of what they designated. Yet, there are several complications with such a grouping, because not all naturalists (e.g., Cratylus, Stoics, Origen, Eunomius) say the same thing, focus on same issues, have theological interest in names, or agree with Hilary. Accordingly, this paper will argue that Hilary can be called a “naturalist” only in a qualified sense.
Pagetoid Spread of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

In addition to bronchial and mediastinal involvement by a carcinoma arising in the left lung in a 78-yearold man, lymphatic invasion of the subcutaneous tissues of the neck was extensive. Malignant cells were also present intradermally, thereby producing a pagetoid type of cellular dissemination similar to that seen in true Paget's disease of extramammary origin.
BubbleUp: low latency fast-scan for media servers

Interactive multimedia applications require fast response time. Traditional disk scheduling schemes can incur high latencies, and caching data in memory to reduce latency is usually not feasible, especially if fast-scans need to be supported. In this study we propose a disk-based solution called BubbleUp. It significantly reduces the initial latency for new requests, as well as for fast-scan requests. The throughput of the scheme is comparable to that of traditional schemes, and it may even provide better throughput than mechanisms based on elevator disk scheduling. BubbleUp incurs a slight disk storage overhead, but we argue that through effective allocation, this cost can be minimized.
Reversibility of the reproductive toxicity of gossypol in peripubertal bulls

Gossypol has been shown to impair sperm production in male ruminants. The purpose of this study was to determine if the adverse effects of gossypol on spermatogenesis in peripubertal bulls were reversible. Twenty-eight crossbred Angus bulls were allocated into treated and control groups at 11 months of age. For 8 weeks, treated bulls were fed a ration containing 8 mg of free gossypol per kilogram of body weight per day while control bulls were fed a soybean meal ration free of gossypol. At 28-days intervals, scrotal circumference was measured and semen collected to assess sperm motility and morphology. Seven control and seven treated animals were castrated 56 days after the start of the experiment and the testes were examined histologically. The remaining bulls were fed a gossypol-free diet for 210 days prior to castration. There were significant increases in primary and secondary sperm abnormalities in treated bulls 28 and 56 days after gossypol feeding. The number of sperm with proximal droplets was significantly higher in gossypol-treated bulls, suggesting testicular degeneration. There was no significant effect on the sperm motility, scrotal circumference, or histopathological characteristics of the testes. Four weeks after the end of gossypol feeding, primary and secondary abnormalities were still increased in gossypol-treated bulls, however in subsequent collection periods the percentage of abnormalities were similar between groups. At 210 days, there was no treatment effect on scrotal circumference, and histological characteristics of the testes were not different between groups. The deleterious effects of gossypol on the morphological characteristics of spermatozoa were reversible. Gossypol (8 mg/kg per day for 56 days) increased sperm abnormalities but the effects were reversible.
Binding of In and Pb surfactants on Cu{1 1 1} surfaces

Surfactants generally affect both diffusion and nucleation on surfaces, and their function depends on their spatial distribution. Using density-functional-theory based ab initio calculations, the authors have determined the binding energies of In and Pb surfactants at various surface sites of Cu{1 1 1}. The calculation results show that In surfactant prefers incorporation inside/near surface steps or inside top terrace layer, in contrast to at adatom positions. The relative preference among step and terrace sites depends on the availability of surface vacancies, which form either during deposition without sufficient diffusion or by thermal activation. The preference of In surfactant inside top terrace layer makes it effective in the generation of strain on terrace and the slow-down of Cu adatom diffusion. In contrast, incorporation of Pb surfactant inside top terrace is energetically less preferable. As a result, Pb surfactant is less effective in the generation of strain on terrace.
Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: response to steroid therapy.

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, myelopathy, cognitive impairment [2], and, as recently proposed, by polyradiculopathy [8]. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows persistent xanthochromia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates hemosiderin deposits mainly in the leptomeninges, cerebellum and spinal cord [2].A source of bleeding can not be detected in up to half of the patients. A treatment of this rare, often progressive disorder is unknown. We present a forester aged 66-years with ataxia, myelopathy, and bilateral hearing loss due to superficial CNS siderosis associated with anti-Ri antibodies whose condition improved impressively after steroid therapy. Case report