cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximating Behavioral HW Accelerators through Selective Partial Extractions onto Synthesizable Predictive Models

This work presents a method to selectively extract portions of a behavioral description to be synthesized as a hardware accelerator using High-Level Synthesis (HLS) onto different predictive models in order to trade-off the accuracy of the accelerators' outputs with area and power. Because the main aim of this work is to synthesize the newly approximated behavioral description, we investigate the use of different predictive models, mainly linear regression (LR) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), highlighting the trade-offs of using one over the other. In addition, we further extend the search space by reducing the precision of the predictive models' coefficients, thus, leading to a wider range of solutions. Experimental results using a variety of benchmarks from different domains show that our proposed method works well compared to another state of the art approximate solution.
Iontophoresis, magnetophoresis, and electroporation

Abstract Three distinct types of physical enhancement strategies (iontophoresis, magnetophoresis, and electroporation) for transdermal drug delivery are examined in this chapter. Iontophoresis is the use of a mild electric current for the delivery of charged drug molecules across the skin. In the presence of an electric potential difference, ions diffuse through the epidermis and the dermis, ultimately reaching systemic circulation. An advantage of iontophoresis is that it can be controlled because drug delivery is proportional to electric current, which can be easily modified. The major mechanisms involved in transdermal iontophoretic transport are electromigration, electroosmosis, and passive diffusion. In electromigration, the anode repels positively charged cations and the cathode repels negatively charged anions. Transdermal electroosmosis is the convective flow of a solvent across the skin under the influence of an electric field. The second phenomenon discussed in this chapter is magnetophoresis. Magnetophoresis refers to the utilization of a magnetic field (5–300 mT) for enhanced drug penetration across the skin. In this instance, diamagnetic medications such as lidocaine are repelled from the magnetic field into the skin. The main mechanisms driving magnetophoresis are magnetokinesis and magnetohydrokinesis. Magnetokinesis refers to forced movement of drug molecules under an applied magnetic field. Magnetohydrokinesis-assisted drug permeation is caused by water flux across a membrane due to an external magnetic field. The chapter also focuses on electroporation (applying high-voltage electric pulses to the skin to facilitate drug delivery). Specific examples illustrating the use of these techniques are also described in the chapter.
Maximal couplings of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm

Couplings play a central role in the analysis of Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms and appear increasingly often in the algorithms themselves, e.g. in convergence diagnostics, parallelization, and variance reduction techniques. Existing couplings of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm handle the proposal and acceptance steps separately and fall short of the upper bound on one-step meeting probabilities given by the coupling inequality. This paper introduces maximal couplings which achieve this bound while retaining the practical advantages of current methods. We consider the properties of these couplings and examine their behavior on a selection of numerical examples.
Foreword: Diversity in the Legal Academy After Fisher II

Overview of articles arising from AALS conference addressing challenges to greater diversity in the legal academy in the aftermath of Fisher II.
Upgrades to the ion cyclotron emission diagnostic on the DIII-D tokamak.

The ion cyclotron emission diagnostic on the DIII-D tokamak comprises seven single-turn loops that measure high-frequency (1–100 MHz) magnetic field fluctuations that are often excited by energetic particles in the plasma. The raw voltage signals induced in the loops in response to these fluctuations travel through a series of cables, isolation transformer DC blocks, low-pass filters, and finally a digitizer before being analyzed in frequency space. The diagnostic has been recently upgraded, most notably to include four additional graphite tile loops and a new eight-channel digitizer. The previous three loops are all on the low-field side of the tokamak. The measurement capabilities of the system have been expanded by the addition of a new horizontally oriented loop on the low-field side, an additional toroidal loop on the low-field side, and two toroidal loops on the high-field side. These loops will be used to provide approximate mode polarization, improved toroidal mode number calculations, and information on modes in inward-shifted plasmas, respectively.
Negroponte: The Man Who Would Change the World, But Everything Went Wrong

Negroponte creates the OLPC Project, a magical idyllic world where technology was to be the determining factor to change the educational model, based on the Prussian-industrial model. The sustainability of the idea was null, the prototype promised but it was not viable to manufacture it and changes were made, the cost of $ 100 was just smoke. But the model that was implemented in several countries and communities, after many experiments and adjustments, and with local improvements, far from OLPC, achieved significant success in one place. Beyond all the considerations that we can mention, OLPC changed the vision of technology in education, opened doors of exploration to new ways of approaching work in the classrooms of study, questioned the preparation of teachers and challenged the educational corporation, This was a mistake when looking for supports. Negroponte's ideas inspired many who today try to change the world, he was just a starting point, curiously the father of the idea abandoned the boat in the worst way. OLPC was a resounding failure, but its motivations are still alive. Let's learn from all this.
Narrating life in the military: Links between veterans' narrative processing of service experiences and their posttraumatic stress symptoms and well-being.

Military veterans frequently experience traumatic, highly stressful events; thus, it is especially important for them to find positive ways of making meaning from these experiences. The present study used the methods of narrative personality psychology to investigate the associations between veterans' narrative processing of highly stressful and significant events from their military service and postdischarge functioning, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). United States military veterans (N = 154; M age = 64.28 years, 86.4% men, 57.8% deployed) completed an online survey in which they wrote narratives about one "highly stressful" and one "key scene" military service memory and completed questionnaires to assess PTSS, symptoms of depression and anxiety, functional impairment, and well-being. Narratives were coded for personal growth from the experience, themes of agency and interpersonal communion, affective tone, and coherence. In the highly stressful narratives, small-to-moderate negative associations emerged between both growth and agency and PTSS, depression and anxiety, and functional impairment; growth was also modestly positively associated with well-being. In contrast, affective tone and communion were each only associated modestly with one outcome, and coherence with none, and narrative processing of the key scene narrative was not linked with any mental health outcomes. These findings suggest that (1) the theory and methods of narrative identity research are relevant for studying trauma narratives, and (2) veterans who narrate themselves as growing from and exerting control over their most stressful service experiences may achieve better mental health and day-to-day functioning.
The Scanning Patterns of Human Infants: Implications for Visual Learning

The study analyzes the visual scanning characteristic of infants from the time of birth to five months of age, an interval of rapid advances in visul encoding capabilities. The work is based on the assumption that what an infant learns about the visual world will depend to a large degree on the manner in which it is examined. The volume draws upon recent findings from the neurosciences to aid in the interpretation of the behavioral data on infant scanning characteristics.
Motion Modeling and Prediction

The trajectory of a moving object can be used to understand the motion pattern and predict future motion. In this chapter, we investigate the issues related to motion modeling, understanding and prediction. Based on dynamics, a locally constant angular momentum (LCAM) model is introduced. The model is local in the sense that it is applied to a limited number of image frames at a time. Specifically, the model constrains the motion, over a local frame subsequence, to be a superposition of precession and translation. Thus, the instantaneous rotation axis of the object is allowed to change with time. The trajectory of the rotation center is approximated by a vector polynomial. The parameters of the model evolve in time so that they can adapt to long term changes in motion characteristics. Based on the assumption that the motion is smooth, object positions and motion in the near future can be predicted, and short missing subsequences can be recovered.
Penalizing Diversity: How School Rankings Mislead the Market

This Article demonstrates how faulty information in the marketplace creates misperceptions about school quality and makes diverse schools appear less desirable than their competitors. This distorts parental choices about where to purchase a home and, in turn, contributes to the de facto housing segregation that continues to characterize the United States.To date, the diversity penalty and resulting harms this Article identifies have received little attention in the legal literature. Through empirical analysis of popular school rankings from Illinois, New Jersey, and Ohio, the Article fills the gap by showing how aggregated proficiency testing data masks demographic differences and reinforces the myth that schools comprised of mostly economically-advantaged and White students are better than those that serve a diverse mix of students. The Article next analyzes school report cards and accountability metrics from 18 states and concludes that most state-sponsored messages about school quality also emphasize such data, with the inevitable effect of making diverse schools appear less effective than any rational assessment of their outcomes would justify. This dynamic creates a cascade of social harms, including promoting residential and school segregation, and making it more difficult to close the achievement gap between disadvantaged and more advantaged students. The Article proposes ways that federal and state policy makers can utilize school outcome data to encourage rational parental choices and thereby contribute significantly to both better and more diverse schools.
Cope, Edward Drinker (1840–1897)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: Cope, Edward Drinker (American naturalist); the primary factors of organic evolution (1896)
Nanoelectronics Research Gaps and Recommendations: A Report from the International Planning Working Group on Nanoelectronics (IPWGN) [Commentary]

Nanotechnology exploded in scientific publications in the year 2000. It became clear in the subsequent years that the magnitude and opportunities offered in nanotechnology research and development exceeded the research capabilities of any single entity or any single region, and a new cooperative approach was needed. The first step to this approach consisted of fostering communication among leading researchers with the intent of facilitating subsequent cooperation. As such and as applicable to semiconductors and nanoelectronics, international cooperation and research coordination was instigated via the International Nanotechnology Conference on Communication and Cooperation (INC) initiative, leading the quest to narrow "research to a new product cycle" via a coordinated research strategy and funding initiatives towards solving the grand challenges.
The Magnetic Field at the Center of the Galaxy

The polarization of the 100 μm emission from the 3 pc dust ring at the center of the Galaxy has been measured at five points. The magnetic field inferred from the measurements lies in the plane of the ring but does not appear to be toroidal. We estimate a field B ≈ 10−2 gauss.
Morphology of the Local Supercluster

The intent of this brief note is to summarize some of the fundamental properties of the region, rich in galaxies, in which we live. A more complete account can be found in The Astrophysical Journal, 257, p. 389, 1982.
Centering economic affairs on justice and the person: A vision for the European Union

Vaclav Havel in 1994 expressed great concern that the Maastricht Treaty and other public documents which constitute the formal basis for the economic unification of Europe pay too little heed to the social values which for more than 2,000 years have shaped and formed European civilization and culture. What is missing is a vision for the European economic union beyond the specifics, as Havel puts it, of “how many carrots can be exported”. Drawing heavily from the public statements of John Paul II, this article seeks to offer such a vision by making those social values more visible. Centrally important to this vision are justice and person about which John Paul has written extensively. The rights and duties set forth in this article derive from these two concepts, and are intertwined with them. Indeed, there is no justice without rights which are respected and duties which are lived, and human beings are not fully persons if their rights are not affirmed. Further, while rights and duties may be expressed somewhat differently from one cultural setting to the next, they are the same in principle for all.
An Approach to Software Testing of Machine Learning Applications

Some machine learning applications are intended to learn properties of data sets where the correct answers are not already known to human users. It is challenging to test such ML software, because there is no reliable test oracle. We describe a software testing approach aimed at addressing this problem. We present our findings from testing implementations of two different ML ranking algorithms: Support Vector Machines and MartiRank.
A computer simulation study of the melting and freezing properties of a system of Lennard-Jones particles

An investigation of the thermodynamic and structural properties of a system of LJ particles around the solid-liquid transition has been performed using isobaric-isothermal (NPT) moleclar dynamics computer simulation techniques. A sharp first-order phase transition is observed. However, the solid is shown to superheat considerably giving an apparent melting temperature ∼ 14 per cent too high at zero pressure. Extensive tests of the simulation run, etc., were made to separate simulation artifacts from genuine physical phenomena. We conclude that the observed superheating is a real effect resulting in a metastable state. A comparison of these results with previous computer simulation studies were made. An investigation of apparent diffusion coefficient, the isothermal compressibility, and the constant pressure specific heat was also made.
An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution, 2nd edn., by Dina Prialnik

An Introduction to the Theory of Stellar Structure and Evolution, 2nd edn., by Dina Prialnik, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009, 330 pp., £37.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-521-86604-0. Scope:...
Evolution of supraorbital ossification in Charadriiformes

ABSTRACT Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data on 92 species in the order Charadriiformes showed that increased supraorbital ossification (SO) has evolved independently at least 4 times in this clade. Principal component analysis of size-corrected skeletal measures showed that an evolutionary increase in SO was associated with a body plan in which the cranium, humerus, and sternum were relatively large. A mass-corrected measure of the axial length of the eye was positively correlated with a mass-corrected measure of cranium length, both in the raw data and in phylogenetically independent contrasts. By revealing an association between the evolution of SO and increased relative size of the eye and flight-associated skeletal elements, these results support the hypothesis that an increased reliance on visually guided foraging in flight or diving has been a major selective factor favoring the evolution of increased SO in Charadriiformes.
Muscle sarcomere lesions and thrombosis after spaceflight and suspension unloading.

Spaceflight (flight) and tail suspension-hindlimb unloading (unloaded) produced significant decreases in fiber cross-sectional areas of the adductor longus (AL), a slow-twitch antigravity muscle. H...
Novel endoscopic therapeutic modalities for superficial neoplasms arising in Barrett's esophagus: a primer for surgical pathologists

This review introduces some of the novel endoscopic modalities used for the treatment of superficial neoplasms arising in the setting of Barrett's esophagus, namely endoscopic mucosal resection and photodynamic therapy. We describe the appropriate technical details for pathologists to know to effectively communicate with the gastroenterologists as well as the pitfalls in the evaluation of endoscopic mucosal resection specimens and post photodynamic therapy follow-up biopsies.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Coupled with Cryogenic Trapping for the Study of Laser-Desorbed Species

The feasibility of using cryogenic trapping techniques combined with infrared spectrometry to study the products of laser desorption is demonstrated. A prototype system for cryogenically trapping transient species desorbed during the laser desorption process is described. The products produced by a high-power pulsed carbon dioxide laser (10.6 μm) are cryogenically trapped on an infrared transmitting substrate attached directly to a closed-cycle helium refrigerated coldhead via an OFHC copper holder whose temperature is maintained at approximately 18 K. The sample is then rotated into the beam of a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, and conventional transmission spectra are obtained. System performance is described, and representative results obtained for a sample of rhodamine B dye and a polyethylene glycol polymer are presented. The rhodamine B dye is shown to significantly fragment as a result of laser desorption (consistent with the known behavior of the ionic products studied by laser desorption mass spectrometry), while the polyethylene glycol sample produces almost exclusively intact neutral species (also in agreement with laser desorption mass spectrometry results).
Intravascular (catheter) NMR receiver probe: Preliminary design analysis and application to canine iliofemoral imaging

This investigation explores the feasibility of a catheter-based receiver probe for NMR study of arterial walls. Simulations and phantom experiments demonstrate the spatial response of several "inside-out" probe coil designs, including loop, "birdcage," "multipole," "center return," and opposed solenoids. For a target defined by an annulus in a plane perpendicular to B0, the opposed solenoid design provides substantially superior homogeneity to other designs considered. Canine iliofemoral artery images were acquired using a catheter probe in a whole-body, 1.5-T clinical imaging system. In situ (cadaver) images acquired with TE 70, TR 2400, 2-mm slice thickness, and 78 x 78-microns in-plane voxel size in 10-min acquisition times show vessel wall structures identified as intima, internal elastic lamina, media, and adventitia. In vivo images from similar acquistion conditions are much more poorly resolved, presumably due to motion, despite the use of cardiac gating and gradient moment nulling, so the feasibility of obtaining high-resolution in vivo MR images of the arterial wall remains in doubt.
Low budget plasma assisted chemical cleaning of optical substrates at the LANL optical fabrication laboratory

Abstract A low-cost system for plasma assisted cleaning of optical substrates is described. It comprises a vacuum belljar with a baseplate and a commercially available microwave oven.
Tissue-specific genes for respiratory proteins

All but one of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes are composed of products of both the mitochondrial and the nuclear genomes. The recent isolation of cDNAs for several nuclear-encoded respiratory proteins reveals that some of them are present in at least two forms. Although some of these forms are traditional in differing somewhat in amino acid sequence, a new class, termed silent isoforms, differs in the presequence but contains identical processed proteins. What are the roles of tissue isoforms in oxidative metabolism?
Collection terms and preschoolers' use of the cardinality rule☆

Abstract Three experiments examined the effect of class (e.g., pigs) versus collection (e.g., pig family) terms in preschool children's giving of their last counting word in response to an inquiry as to how many objects there were in an array (the operational definition of the cardinality rule). In Experiment 1 children gave the last counting word to the how-many question as often when the array was described with class terms as with collection terms, and these terms did not interact with set size or homogeneity of appearance of the array objects to affect cardinality-rule performance. Experiments 2 and 3 also failed to show any effect of class vs collection terms on children's giving of last counting word responses to the how-many question. Counting accuracy in all three experiments also was unaffected by class-collection terms. Thus these experiments failed to replicate the collection term effect on the cardinality principle. Three lines of argument are advanced to suggest that this failure to replicate is limited to the cardinality-rule task and does not extend to set comparison tasks (e.g., conservation of number, class inclusion).
Building black holes, gravitational waves, and relativistic fluid flows: supercomputer cinema

We have constructed a new computer code to solve Einstein's equations of general relativity for the dynamical evolution of a relativistic star cluster. The cluster may contain a large number of stars that move in a strong gravitational field at velocities approaching the speed of light. Unstable star clusters undergo catastrophic collapse to black holes. The collapse of an unstable cluster to a supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy may explain the origin of quasars and active galactic nuclei. By means of a supercomputer simulation and color graphics, the whole process can be viewed in real time on a movie screen.We have also written a multidimensional, relativistic hydrodynamics code to determine the flow of gas onto such black holes. This problem has defied solution for 45 years. Even the generation of gravitational waves can now be calculated on a supercomputer. Longstanding theoretical questions such as the validity of the Cosmic Censorship Hypothesis and the Hoop Conjecture may soon be settled by numerical simulations.
Telomerase Activity in Human Gliomas

OBJECTIVE: Telomerase activity, which is undetectable in most mature normal tissues, has been identified in many types of human cancers, including neuroblastomas and oligodendrogliomas. These findings suggest that a novel mechanism in addition to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes may play an important role in tumorigenesis. The goal of the present study was to assess and correlate the telomerase activity in astrocytic gliomas of different grades. METHODS: Telomere repeat amplification protocol and Southern blot hybridization with telomere-specific probes were used to detect telomerase activity and to measure terminal restriction fragment length, respectively. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in 3 of 9 (33%) low-grade astrocytomas (World Health Organization Grade II), 5 of 11 (45%) anaplastic astrocytomas (World Health Organization Grade III), 36 of 41 (89%) glioblastomas multiforme (World Health Organization Grade IV), 3 of 4 (75%) oligodendrogliomas, and none of 4 normal brain specimens. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that telomerase activity is absent in normal brain tissues while present in most glioma samples (72%). The frequency of such activity increases with malignancy. These results suggest that telomerase activity may be used as a tumor marker and that the activation of telomerase may correlate with initiation and malignant progression of astrocytic tumors.
Comparison of classical, new corrected-classical, and semiclassical IR spectra of non-rotating H2O with quantum calculations

Abstract Model infrared spectra for non-rotating H 2 O are calculated at 0 K, based on exact quantum, standard classical and semiclassical calculations. An accurate potential energy surface is used along with a realistic dipole function. An analysis of the classical and quantum spectrum in the harmonic approximation is presented at 0 K. This clearly reveals that the magnitude of the classical intensities is essentially arbitrary, depending on the total energy. Thus, the intensity of classical harmonic spectrum disagrees with the corresponding quantum one. A very simple correction to the classical spectrum is suggested that largely restores agreement with the harmonic quantum spectrum. A second, more general classical correction is also suggested, which, however, requires knowledge of the normal modes.
Perspectives on Global-Change Archaeology

In this article, I explore the characteristics of global-change archaeology as an emerging field of research. Global-change archaeology seeks to document and apply historical knowledge of past human–environmental interactions to the understanding of contemporary environmental problems and management and planning for future sustainability. It takes place within an interdisciplinary research structure and is situated within the explanatory contexts of historical science and humanistic history with close links to historical and political ecology. Both history and agency play important roles in the practice of global-change archaeology. Past human decision making in the context of cultural attitudes and perceptions also has a significant role in the archaeology of global change.
Multimodal optical device for early childhood caries: a clinical prototype

Abstract There is currently a need for a saf e and effective way to detect and diagnose early childhood caries. We have developed a multimodal optical clinical prototype for testing in vivo. The device can be used to quickly image and screen for any signs of demineralized enamel by obtaining high-resolution and high-contrast surface images using a 405-nm laser as the illumination source, as well as obtaining autofluorescence and bacterial fluorescence images. Then, when a suspicious region is located, the device can perform dual laser fluorescence spectroscop y using 405-nm and 532-nm laser excitation which is used to compute an autofluorescence ratio. This ratio can be used to quantitatively diagnose enamel health. The device is tested on four in vivo test subjects as well as 17 extracted teeth with clinically diagnosed carious lesions. The device was able to provide detailed images which served to screen for suspected early caries. The autofluorescence ratios obtained from the extracted teeth were able to discriminate between healthy and unhealthy enamel. Therefore, the clinical prototype demonstrates feasibility in screening for and in quantitativel y diagnosing healthy from demineralized enamel. Keywords: caries detection, multimodal device, clinical prototype, autofluorescence, laser-induced fluorescence, near-ultraviolet, light scattering, scanning fiber endoscope 1. INTRODUCTION Childhood caries is one of the most common pr eventable diseases and is on the rise worldwide
Dopamine D3-Like Receptors Modulate Anxiety-Like Behavior and Regulate GABAergic Transmission in the Rat Lateral/Basolateral Amygdala

Central among the brain regions that regulate fear/anxiety behaviors is the lateral/basolateral amygdala (BLA). BLA output is tightly controlled by the relative activity of two populations of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, local feedback cells distributed throughout the nucleus, and feedforward cells found along the lateral paracapsular border of this subdivision. Recent studies suggest that dopamine (DA) can modulate the BLA GABAergic system, thus linking fear/anxiety states with mesolimbic reward/attentional processes. However, the precise dopaminergic mechanisms regulating the activity of the two BLA GABAergic neuron populations have not been fully explored. We therefore examined the effects of DA D3-like receptors on BLA-dependent anxiety-like behavior and neurophysiology. After confirming the presence of D3-like receptors within the BLA, we found that microinjection of a D3-selective antagonist into the BLA decreased anxiety-like behavior expressed in both the light/dark transition test and the elevated plus maze. Consistent with this, we found that in vitro D3-like receptor activation selectively inhibits synaptic transmission at both BLA feedback and feedforward GABAergic interneuron populations, with no effect on glutamatergic transmission. This inhibition of GABAergic transmission is a result of a D3-like receptor-mediated, dynamin-dependent process that presumably reflects endocytosis of postsynaptic GABAA receptors found on principal BLA neurons. Because environmental cues alter both DA release and relative activity states of the BLA, our data strongly suggest that DA, potentially acting through D3-like receptors, may suppress the relative contribution by inhibitory processes in the BLA and modify the expression of BLA-related behaviors.
Scalability of SOI CMOS technology and circuit to millimeter wave performance

This paper presents the high-frequency performance of the 130 and 90-nm SOI technologies as well as its integration capabilities and scalability. With a measured 303-GHz Ft, 1.6-mS//spl mu/m gm, and sub 1.1-dB NFmin up to 26-GHz the SOI NMOS transistors exhibits performances ahead of the ITRS roadmap. Passives are integrated in the microprocessor back-end, and the 1.8fF//spl mu/m/sup 2/ capacitance density of the vertical native capacitor (VNCAP) in a 90nm SOI CMOS improves by 28%, as compared to a 120 nm SOI CMOS. In the circuit design section, we will show how this high-level of performance will expand the use of CMOS to high-performance millimeter-wave applications with examples of such circuits for frequency generation, and amplification.
Associations between older adults' spoken interactive health literacy and selected health care and health communication outcomes.

Recent trends in the conceptualization of health literacy lead toward expansive notions of health literacy as social practice, rather than as a narrower cognitive capacity to understand health-related texts and materials. These expansive and complex constructions of health literacy demand tools for assessing individuals’ propensities to actively seek information in their interactions with health care professionals and other health information sources. This study proposes a measure of this information-exchange component of health literacy and examines its capacity to predict outcomes and processes such as satisfaction with health care and comprehension of spoken health messages. Results for this sample (n = 334) of low socioeconomic status older adults (mean age = 74.70 years) reveal that indices derived from the Measure of Interactive Health Literacy (MIHL) do contribute unique variance—apart from document-based health-literacy—on several criterion measures such as satisfaction with health care services. ...
QoS Aware Scheduling and Cross-Radio Coordination in Multi-Radio Heterogeneous Networks

Multi-radio heterogeneous networks (Het-Nets) are an important focus area for next generation cellular standards, with the 3GPP community actively developing WiFi/LTE interworking solutions for small-cell deployments. This paper explores coordinated usage of multiple radios (e.g., LTE and WiFi) to improve quality of service (QoS) in multi- radio heterogeneous networks. We focus on heterogeneous network deployments based on co- located WiFi-LTE small cells that allow for tighter multi-radio coordination. To evaluate QoS enhancements, we consider on-time throughput, a metric that captures the deliverable data rate for traffic with delay deadlines. A QoS-aware scheduling algorithm is designed to optimize on-time throughput. Cross-RAT coordination schemes are also explored to further enhance QoS. Through combining the QoS-aware scheduling algorithm and intelligent radio link assignment, we observe significant improvement in per user on-time throughput. Our results indicate that tightly coupled integrated LTE-WiFi small cell architectures can significantly increase the number of user achieving their targeted QoS.
NMR Solution Structure of the Integral Membrane Enzyme DsbB: Functional Insights into DsbB-Catalyzed Disulfide Bond Formation

We describe the NMR structure of DsbB, a polytopic helical membrane protein. DsbB, a bacterial cytoplasmic membrane protein, plays a key role in disulfide bond formation. It reoxidizes DsbA, the periplasmic protein disulfide oxidant, using the oxidizing power of membrane-embedded quinones. We determined the structure of an interloop disulfide bond form of DsbB, an intermediate in catalysis. Analysis of the structure and interactions with substrates DsbA and quinone reveals functionally relevant changes induced by these substrates. Analysis of the structure, dynamics measurements, and NMR chemical shifts around the interloop disulfide bond suggest how electron movement from DsbA to quinone through DsbB is regulated and facilitated. Our results demonstrate the extraordinary utility of NMR for functional characterization of polytopic integral membrane proteins and provide insights into the mechanism of DsbB catalysis.
The effects of schedules of reinforcement and gradual or abrupt increases in reward magnitude on resistance to extinction

During an initial phase of acquisition training, rats were given 41 trials (1 trial/day). The continuous-gradual group received one 45-mg food pellet on each trial during this phase, as did the continuous-abrupt group. Two partial groups, the partial-gradual and partial-abrupt groups, were maintained on a 50% partial reinforcement schedule during this initial phase, with one food pellet as reward on reinforcement trials. In a subsequent 11-day acquisition phase, the continuous-abrupt and partial-abrupt groups were shifted immediately to a 12-pellet reward magnitude administered according to the reinforcement schedule received during Phase 1. The continuous-gradual and partial-gradual groups also continued on their respective reinforcement schedules but experienced gradual increases in reward magnitude up to 12 pellets. Finally, all subjects were given 20 trials of extinction training. The extinction results showed that with partial reinforcement training, gradual increases in magnitude of reward produced greater resistance to extinction than did abrupt increases in reward amount. The theoretical significance of these data was discussed.
Cochlear implantation in children with labyrinthine anomalies and cochlear nerve deficiency: implications for auditory brainstem implantation.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Compare outcomes among children with inner ear malformations and/or cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) who have received a cochlear implant (CI). Study Design: Individual retrospective cohort study from 1993 to 2010. Methods: A select cohort of 76 children was identified. Imaging characteristics, operative findings, complications, mapping parameters, and performance were assessed. Comparisons among the different groups were undertaken. Results: Surgery was mostly uncomplicated. Nearly all children demonstrated behavioral responses to CI stimulation irrespective of inner ear morphology or the presence of CND. Children with CND had higher pure tone averages (PTAs) and required greater charge for stimulation than other malformation types. Open-set speech perception was achieved in 100% of children with incomplete partition-enlarged vestibular aqueduct (IP-EVA), 50% of those with hypoplastic malformations, and 19% of CND cases. Robust responses on eighth nerve compound action potential (ECAP) testing through the implant was associated with higher levels of speech perception. Manually supplemented communication strategies were more common among children with hypoplastic malformations (69%) and CND (95%) than those with IP-EVA (18%). Conclusions: Children with IP-EVA malformations have an excellent prognosis for developing open-set speech perception and using oral communication modes following CI. On the contrary, children with severe malformations or CND may have elevated charge requirements for attaining sound detection alone. These children's prognosis for obtaining open-set speech understanding, using exclusive oral communication, and participating in mainstream education is more limited. These findings have important implications for considering alternative forms of intervention such as auditory brainstem implantation and/or supplementation with visually based communication strategies.
Screening for alcoholism by life-style risk assessment in a community hospital.

In a community hospital, physicians identified with unusually high frequency (90%) the alcoholics they admitted to a medical-surgical service when life-style risk assessment was performed routinely. Identification rates were retrospectively evaluated based on chart documentation; 100 consecutive admissions receiving assessment interviews were compared with 100 consecutive admissions for a period 6 months later. During the screening period, plans addressing alcohol-related problems routinely appeared in the discharge summaries (71%), referral recommendations were frequently made for residential alcoholism treatment (52%), and intentions were stated to follow-up alcohol abuse problems in the office (43%). Decreases in these rates were observed when life-style risk assessment was not performed. Identification was made in 57% of patients; plans were stated concerning alcohol-related problems in 29%; residential referral was recommended in 5%; and office follow-up was arranged for 24%. The risk assessment program was economical and well received by the patients, the physician staff, and the hospital administration. No specialized program for physician education was utilized. ( Arch Intern Med . 1991;151:958-964)
Rapid formation of hyperpycnal sediment gravity currents offshore of a semi-arid California river

Abstract Observations of sediment dispersal from the Santa Clara River of southern California during two moderately sized river discharge events suggest that river sediment rapidly formed a negatively buoyant (hyperpycnal) bottom plume along the seabed within hours of peak discharge. An array of acoustic and optical sensors were placed at three stations 1 km from the Santa Clara River mouth in 10-m water depth during January–February 2004. These combined observations suggest that fluid mud concentrations of suspended sediment (>10 g/l) and across-shore gravity currents (∼5 cm/s) were observed in the lower 20–40 cm of the water column 4–6 h after discharge events. Gravity currents were wave dominated, rather than auto-suspending, and appeared to consist of silt-to-clay sized sediment from the river. Sediment mass balances suggest that 25–50% of the discharged river sediment was transported by these hyperpycnal currents. Sediment settling purely by flocs (∼1 mm/s) cannot explain the formation of the observed hyperpycnal plumes, therefore we suggest that some enhanced sediment settling from mixing, convective instabilities, or diverging plumes occurred that would explain the formation of the gravity currents. These combined results provide field evidence that high suspended-sediment concentrations from rivers (>1 g/l) may rapidly form hyperpycnal sediment gravity currents immediately offshore of river mouths, and these pathways can explain a significant portion of the river-margin sediment budget. The fate of this sediment will be strongly influenced by bathymetry, whereas the fate of the remaining sediment will be much more influenced by ocean currents.
Preprocessors for noisy speech

The objective of this project is to develop a preprocessor for speech recognition systems operating in noisy environments. The preprocessor, consisting of a nonlinear inhomogeneous transmission line, will be realized in software, although realization in hardware in FY91 should be possible. More specifically we will:1) Develop a nonlinear transmission line preprocessor that accurately simulates the mechanics of the mammalian inner ear at all sound pressure levels.2) Preprocess speech with the nonlinear transmission line and show that there is a substantial improvement in the signal to noise ratio.3) Assess the desirability and feasibility of implimenting either a digital or analog transmission line on a chip and using it as a preprocessor in the CMU, BBN, or MIT DARPA funded speech recognition systems.
Ultrasonic Phased Array Evaluation of Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) Nozzle Interference Fit and Weld Region

Ultrasonic phased array data were collected on a removed-from-service CRDM nozzle specimen to assess a previously reported leak path. First a mock-up CRDM specimen was evaluated that contained two 0.076-mm (3.0-mil) interference fit regions formed from an actual Inconel CRDM tube and two 152.4-mm (6.0-in.) thick carbon steel blocks [1,2]. One interference fit region has a series of precision crafted electric discharge machining (EDM) notches at various lengths, widths, depths, and spatial separations for establishing probe sensitivity, resolution and calibration. The other interference fit has zones of boric acid (crystal form) spaced periodically between the tube and block to represent an actively leaking CRDM nozzle assembly in the field. Ultrasonic phased-array evaluations were conducted using an immersion 8-element annular 5.0-MHz probe from the tube inner diameter (ID). A variety of focal laws were employed to evaluate the interference fit regions and J-grove weld, where applicable. Responses from the mock-up specimen were evaluated to determine detection limits and characterization ability as well as contrast the ultrasonic response differences with the presence of boric acid in the fit region. Nozzle 63, from the North Anna Unit-2 nuclear power plant, was evaluated to assess leakage path(s) and was destructively dismantled to allow a visual verification of the leak path(s).Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Silent networking for energy-constrained nodes

This paper proposes Silent Networking - a new method to significantly increase the lifetimes of energy-constrained nodes, networks, and mobile user devices. With Silent Networking, each network element powers off some or all of its radio interfaces during their naturally occurring silent periods, i.e., time periods when it does not expect to originate, receive, or relay traffic through those interfaces even if these interfaces are powered on. Each node makes its own autonomous decisions on whether, when, and for how long to power down which of its network interfaces, i.e., without exchanging any explicit or implicit signaling messages with other nodes. Second, network nodes and user devices make such power-down decisions in a way that is transparent to the networking protocols and user applications so that existing and new networking protocols can be used without modifications to support networking as they are used today. Silent networking increases the network and user device lifetimes, adding to energy savings achieved from energy-efficient networking protocols and applications. We present results of laboratory experiments to show that the proposed Silent Networking approach can significantly increase the lifetime of energy-constrained networks and mobile user devices.
Sub-micron chip ESD protection schemes which avoid avalanching junctions

Because of leakage problems related to avalanche breakdown of salicided junctions, an array of ESD protection methods has been developed and tested which depend on forward biased diodes and normal MOSFET conduction. These methods include the case of multiple power supplies, the case where the pad voltage can exceed the power supply voltage, and the case where the pad voltage both exceeds the power supply voltage and the process voltage limit. These methods result in parts made in 0.8 and 0.6 /spl mu/m salicided technologies routinely passing our upper division spec. of /spl plusmn/4500 V HBM without any discernible increase in pin leakage. Also, split supply salicided parts pass 1 kV of CDM with no discernible pin leakage increase and 2 kV with pin leakage increase but within spec. (10 /spl mu/A).
A Thermophilic, Acidophilic Mycoplasma Isolated from a Coal Refuse Pile

A thermophilic, acidophilic procaryote lacking a cell wall has been isolated from a coal refuse pile which had undergone self-heating. Electron micrographs, chemical assays for hexosamine, and the inability of vancomycin to inhibit growth confirm the lack of a cell wall. The apparent ability of the organism to reproduce by budding and the low guanine plus cytosine content of its DNA indicate a relation to the mycoplasmas. The temperature optimum of the organism is 59°C, and growth occurs over a range of 45° to 62°C. No growth occurs at 37°C or at 65°C. The optimum pH for growth is between 1 and 2, and growth occurs between pH 0.96 and 3.5 but does not occur at pH 0.35 and only poorly at pH 4.0. We propose to call this organism Thermoplasma acidophila. The existence of this organism extends considerably the range of habitats in which mycoplasma may occur.
Relation between Mastitis Test Score, Mineral Composition of Milk, and Blood Electrolyte Profiles in Holstein Cows ~

The relationship between mastitis, mineral composition of milk, and blood electrolyte profiles was investigated in 54 Holstein cows. Sodium potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride in blood and milk were compared under two indices of mastitis, a milk quality test and a milk somatic cell count. Milk from cows with evidence of udder infection had higher sodium and chloride and lower potassium than cows free of mastitis. Although there was a correlation between blood calcium and milk calcium and between milk calcium and milk somatic cell count, as well as differences in mean potassium and calcium in blood between mastitic and nonmastitic cows, there was no direct relationship between the indices of mastitis and electrolyte profiles of blood.
Fabrication of Complex Metallic Nanostructures by Nanoskiving

This paper describes the use of nanoskiving to fabricate complex metallic nanostructures by sectioning polymer slabs containing small, embedded metal structures. This method begins with the deposition of thin metallic films on an epoxy substrate by e-beam evaporation or sputtering. After embedding the thin metallic film in an epoxy matrix, sectioning (in a plane perpendicular or parallel to the metal film) with an ultramicrotome generates sections (which can be as thin as 50 nm) of epoxy containing metallic nanostructures. The cross-sectional dimensions of the metal wires embedded in the resulting thin epoxy sections are controlled by the thickness of the evaporated metal film (which can be as small as 20 nm) and the thickness of the sections cut by the ultramicrotome; this work uses a standard 45° diamond knife and routinely generates slabs 50 nm thick. The embedded nanostructures can be transferred to, and positioned on, planar or curved substrates by manipulating the thin polymer film. Removal of the e...