cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fad, Pseudoscientific, and Controversial Interventions

Mere tolerance of untested, disproven, and pseudoscientific interventions has too often created significant setbacks, immeasurable difficulties, and countless obstacles for children with autism and their families. The professions associated with autism have been plagued by subscription to and application of dubious interventions. New fads arise and dissipate with astonishing speed while disproven methods like facilitated communication regain popularity and unproven interventions like sensory integration proliferate widely. Previous chapters in this text outline various models derived from the scientific process in ways that reflect increasing emphasis on evidence-based practices for improving outcomes of children with autism and their families. However, delimiting these models, the associated methods and strategies, and the underlying theoretical constructs from which they are derived is insufficient for deterring adoption of unproven and disproven interventions. Accordingly, this chapter represents an attempt to contribute to the discussions about why autism continues to be fertile ground for pseudoscientific and fad interventions while also educating readers about conditions that sustain discredited and unproven practices. We overview some fundamental philosophical tenets of science and contrast them with tactics used by snake oil peddlers and charlatans. We then shift to provide an overview of historical and contemporary of examples of fad, pseudoscientific, and controversial interventions to illustrate the absence of evidence, fallacious logic, and otherwise irrational beliefs associated with them.
Opportunistic Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections in Leukemia: Oral Manifestations During Myelosuppression

A high percentage of patients with acute leukemia succumb to infections before completing an adequate course of cancer chemotherapy. The majority of infections are produced by Gram-negative bacilli whose pathogenicity in other circumstances is low. The organisms may invade the oral mucosa at sites of local trauma and precipitate extensive cellulitis and bacteremia. This article describes the clinical characteristics and treatment of the oral lesions.
A Brief Overview of the STP 35th Annual Symposium on the Basis and Relevance of Variation in Toxicologic Responses.

The title of the 2016 Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) Symposium was the “Basis and Relevance of Variation in Toxicologic Responses.” Many factors may contribute to variation in toxicologic r...
A new framework for sensor interpretation: planning to resolve sources of uncertainty

Sensor interpret.ation involves the determination of high-level explalliations of sensor data. Blackboard-based interpretation systems have usually been limited to incremental hypothesize and test strategies for resolving uncertainty. We have developed a new interpretation framework that supports the use of more sophisticated strat1egies like differential diagnosis. The RESUN framework has two key components: an evidential represent,ation that includes explicit, symbolic encodings of the sources of uncertainty (SOUs) in the evidence for hypotheses and a script-based, incremental control planner. Interpretation is viewed as an incremental process of gathering evidence to resolve particular sources of uncertainty. Control plans invoke actions that examine the symbolic SOUs associated with hypotheses and use the resulting information to post goals to resolve uncertadnty. These goals direct the system to expand methods appropriate for resolving the current sources of uncertlLinty in the hypotheses. The planner's refocusing mechanism makes it possible to postpone focusing decisions when there is insufficient information to make decisions and provides opportunistic control capabilities. The RESUN framework has been implemented and experimentally verified using a simulated aircraft monitorilllg application.
Harming as Causing Harm

This paper argues that non-identity actions are wrong because they cause harm to people. While non-identity actions also typically benefit people, failure to act would similarly benefit someone, so considerations of benefit are ineligible to justify the harm. However, in some non-identity cases, failure to act would not benefit anyone: cases where one is choosing whether to procreate at all. These are the hard non-identity cases. Not all “different-number” cases are hard. In some cases, we don’t know whether acting would result in more or fewer people; this paper argues that this epistemological factor makes acting in these cases wrong.
Managing Uncertainty: Using Social Media for Risk Assessment during a Public Health Crisis

Recently, diseases like H1N1 influenza, Ebola, and Zika virus have created severe crises, requiring public resources and personal behavior adaptation. Crisis Informatics literature examines interconnections of people, organizations, and IT during crisis events. However, how people use technology to cope with disease crises (outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics) remains understudied. We investigate how individuals used social media in response to the outbreak of Zika, focusing on travel-related decisions. We found that extreme uncertainty and ambiguity characterized the Zika virus crisis. To cope, people turned to social media for information gathering and social learning geared towards personal risk assessment and modifying decisions when dealing with partial and conflicting information about Zika. In particular, individuals sought local information and used socially informed logical reasoning to deduce the risk at a specific locale. We conclude with implications for designing information systems to support individual risk assessment and decision-making when faced with uncertainty and ambiguity during public health crises.
A clinical instrument to guide brief interventions for adolescents with substance use concerns

ABSTRACTBackground: Adolescent substance use is an important public health problem in New Mexico and the United States. The New Mexico Department of Health school-based health centers (SBHCs) universally administer a validated screen, the CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble), for adolescent substance use concerns; however, quality assurance efforts revealed that SBHC providers needed more information at the point of screening to initiate brief interventions for students with positive CRAFFT screens. The CHISPA (Cocaine, Heroin, IV drugs, Synthetic pot, Pot, Alcohol) was developed to gather specific information on recent substance use experience to guide brief interventions. This paper describes the development and initial reliability and validity of data obtained using the CHISPA instrument. Methods: In 2015, 99 high school–aged SBHC users in Albuquerque, New Mexico, completed the CRAFFT and CHISPA twice over 2 weeks using standard test-retest methods. Using the CHISPA, students reported f...
Data Interpretation in Laboratory Medicine

Abstract The interpretation and application of clinical and laboratory data is an essential component of the job of a laboratory medicine practitioner or Transfusion Medicine director. Such data may be generated from assays within one’s own laboratory or may arise in the form of published studies. Ultimately, such data will often be incorporated into routine practice and therefore, a clear understanding of data interpretation is critical. This chapter will provide a review of common scenarios faced by laboratorians and physicians where data interpretation is at the forefront of the clinical challenge.
Natural Disasters and the Rhetorical Construction of American Values: Community Exceptionalism as Representative Anecdote

ABSTRACTThis study examines the rhetoric of U.S. senators and representatives regarding natural disasters in their home states. Using Kenneth Burke’s dramatism, we examine four model speeches by members of Congress and identify the representative anecdote of community exceptionalism. This anecdote portrays disaster-affected communities as exemplars of rugged individualism, patriotism, and faith, and thus worthy of national praise and federal aid. In this anecdote, aid becomes partly contingent upon the exhibition of a set of values rather than simply upon the material conditions of the disaster. Moreover, the term community exceptionalism—like any term—creates both unity and division, as linguistic concepts cannot be understood without contrasting dialectical terms. Thus, following Burke’s conceptions of order, hierarchy, and perfection, the representative anecdote points toward American exceptionalism, where conceptions of American uniqueness and moral superiority are sustained and renewed by the subtle ...
Betwixt and Amidst: Mixed Genres of Sophia

What emerges from these responses to A Philosophy of the Unsayable as the major issue that is raised but left unresolved Franke translates as the question of the universalism of apophasis as a way or a path of thinking. This issue is raised particularly under the rubric of “philosophy.” Philosophy, since its inception in Greece, with the discovery of the Logos by Heraclitus and Parmenides (not to mention by Thales and Anaximander), has had a vocation to universality, to unveiling truths that are true for all humans. This vocation, Franke suggests, is passed on to apophatic thinking as a result of certain limits on the ability of philosophy as such to deliver on this promise. Philosophy in the deepest sense must answer to a call to being infinitely self-critical and even to divesting itself of itself in order to attain to the truly universal. Franke contends that it does that precisely by turning apophatic. The truly universal is not what can be said but what is aimed at and intended in saying and in relinquishing the claim of any particular word or discourse or philosophy or theology, or any other logos, for that matter, to be the (whole) truth. Since words and discourse are differential and based on opposition, they always tend to delimit the truth that they have intuited, and thereby also to falsify it.
Improving prognosis and reducing decision regret for pancreatic cancer treatment using artificial neural networks

Abstract Cancer is a worldwide health problem with extremely high morbidity and mortality. Pancreatic cancer specifically is the fourth leading cause of death by cancer in the United States and is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The optimal treatment for pancreatic cancer is resection surgery, but even with surgery many patients suffer high morbidity and mortality, leading to regret in physicians over whether or not the optimal course of treatment with regard to the patient's quality of life was made. Patients also suffer regret concerning the morbidity associated with treatment. An artificial neural network is developed to predict 7-month survival of pancreatic cancer patients that achieves over a 91% sensitivity and an overall accuracy above 70%. The artificial neural network outcome predictions may be used as an additional source of information to assist physicians and patients in selecting the treatment that provides the best quality of life for the patient and reduces treatment decision regret.
ADHD Medication Use During Pregnancy and Risk for Selected Birth Defects: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1998-2011:

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of, and maternal characteristics associated with, ADHD medication use before and during pregnancy, and associations between early pregnancy ADHD medication use and risk for 12 selected birth defects. Method: We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1998-2011), a U.S. population–based case-control study examining risk factors for major structural birth defects. Results: There was an increase in ADHD medication use from 1998-1999 (0.2%) to 2010-2011 (0.5%; p < .001). Early pregnancy ADHD medication use was more commonly reported by mothers of infants/fetuses with gastroschisis (crude odds ratio [cOR]: 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.2, 6.9]), omphalocele (cOR: 4.0, 95% CI = [1.2, 13.6]), and transverse limb deficiency (cOR: 3.3, 95% CI = [1.1, 9.6]). Conclusion: ADHD medication use before and during pregnancy was rare, but the prevalence of use has increased over time. In this analysis, early pregnancy ADHD med...
Jürgen Habermas and the Dialectical Perspective on Argumentation

Habermas' treatment of epistemological problems in his pursuit of a critical social theory may help us to understand the nature, significance, and promise of a dialectical perspective in the study of argumentation. This perspective is contrasted with logical and rhetorical perspectives, and its utility is explored within the context of Habermas' critical theory.
Managing Maternal Mortality: On-the-Ground Practices of Traditional Birth Attendants in Southern Belize

The training of “traditional birth attendants” [TBAs] has been a global public health strategy to lower mortality rates in developing countries. Based on anthropological fieldwork in southern Belize, this chapter ethnographically explores the practices of two TBAs to understand how local cultural actors enact these purportedly acultural global strategies. This chapter describes research conducted in the Toledo district, an ethnically diverse and linguistically complex region that is the poorest and least developed with some of the most remote and difficult to access villages in the country. Containing large numbers of indigenous Kekchi- and Mopan-speaking Maya, it is also the area in Belize marked by the highest rates of fertility and intentional home births. Within their practices TBAs must navigate relationships of power, categories of knowledge, and gender constructs in order to provide relevant and effective maternity care. In 2006 the author conducted anthropological fieldwork among the TBAs in Toledo, with official follow-up research in 2007–2008. This chapter describes the on-the-ground practices of two TBAs who were trained by Giving Ideas for Tomorrow [GIFT], a United States-based nongovernmental organization, in the years 2000 and 2001. Through these case studies, this chapter considers local beliefs about birth, maternal risk, and a discourse of fear to assess the successes and failures of TBA presence.
Mandated Treatment: Lessons from Research with Drinking and Driving Offenders

Institutions, such as the courts, have been mandating referrals to alcoholism treatment with increasing frequency in recent decades. Because of this trend, defining the differences between mandated and voluntary treatment goals and effectiveness has become more important.
Methylidyne Complexes: Structures, Spectra, and Bonding

The nature of the M≡C bond has been probed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR, electronic, and Raman spectroscopic studies of methylidyne complexes of the type trans-W(≡CH)L4X.
Zinc as a Key Meiotic Cell-Cycle Regulator in the Mammalian Oocyte

Mammalian oogenesis is a discontinuous process that begins during fetal development, arrests at birth, and then resumes on a cyclical basis from puberty to menopause to produce fully mature oocytes that are competent for fertilization . Females are born with a fixed number of oocytes arrested at the prophase I stage of meiosis . This arrest is maintained until oocytes are selected to resume growth by gonadotropins, which are released from the pituitary upon entering puberty. At the time of ovulation, a fully grown oocyte completes maturation and arrests again at metaphase of meiosis II until fertilization occurs. Sperm binding triggers egg activation and release from metaphase II arrest. This entire process is tightly controlled, as it has a significant impact on egg quality and the developmental potential of the resulting embryo . The underlying mechanisms regulating oocyte meiotic entry, arrest, and exit—which can occur over a span of decades—have always been of great interest in the reproductive biology field, and many groundbreaking discoveries have revealed the existence of a dynamic network of hormones, receptors, kinases, and second messengers that control this process. Recent work has expanded this regulatory network to include the transition metal zinc , which adds a new level of complexity and fine-tuning to the regulation of the oocyte meiotic cell cycle . Dynamic accrual, sequestration, and exocytosis of zinc through controlled pathways are crucial for appropriate timing of the meiotic cell cycle as oocytes progress through maturation and activation. This work is important to our general understanding of oocytes and will have implications for reproductive interventions in the future.
Virus-erythrocyte interactions.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the experimental evidence bearing on the nature of virus-erythrocyte reactions characteristic of several taxonomic groups.. Such evidence is culled from (1) the study of conditions necessary for hemagglutination; (2) the examination of specific factors affecting either the cell or the virion to enhance, alter, or abolish the reaction; and (3) the direct physicochemical analysis of cells, viruses, and “receptor analogs.” The hemadsorption phenomenon also provides evidence for virus-erythrocyte interactions, which is based on the attachment of erythrocytes to infected cells in culture having hemagglutinin at their surfaces. This phenomenon reflects the interaction between erythrocytes and viral envelope components. The major virus groups that react with erythrocytes include myxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, pseudomyxoviruses, adenoviruses, arboviruses, reoviruses, enteroviruses, and miscellaneous hemagglutinating viruse (rubella virus, coronaviruses, rhabdoviruses, and oncogenic viruses). The agglutination of erythrocytes by the direct action of viral particles was first described in connection with myxoviruses. This led directly to the discovery of viral neuraminidase—a property unique to myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. A number of viruses unrelated to myxoviruses have since been shown to agglutinate erythrocytes of various species. The visible result of viral hemagglutination is the “pattern” formed at the bottom of a test tube or well plate by lattices of red cells lightly conjoined by viral hemagglutinin. Hemagglutination serves as a useful direct means of titering intact viral particles or hemagglutinating subunits.
Mortality among tuberculosis patients in New York City.

Objectives To quantify tuberculosis (TB) related mortality among TB patients in New York City (NYC), NY, USA, and identify risk factors associated with TB-related mortality. Design We performed a retrospective analysis of verified TB patients in NYC, 2004-2013. NYC Office of Vital Statistics death certificate data and TB surveillance data were matched. Death certificate data were used to identify TB-related deaths. Risk factors for TB-related death for US-born and non-US-born populations were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Results Of 8209 TB patients in NYC, 168 (2%) suffered TB-related deaths before or during anti-tuberculosis treatment. Of these, 62% occurred among non-US-born patients, and 38% occurred among US-born patients. Among the latter, TB-related death was associated with increased age (65 vs. 18-44 years, adjusted OR [aOR] 8.27, 95%CI 3.47-19.71), being culture-positive (aOR 6.79, 95%CI 2.10-21.97), and having both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease (aOR 5.06, 95%CI 1.91-13.40). The same factors were also significant among non-US-born patients; TB-related death was also associated with male sex (aOR 1.80, 95%CI 1.11-2.91), history of TB disease (aOR 3.16, 95%CI 1.28-7.77), alcohol use (aOR 1.85, 95%CI 1.00-3.43), homelessness (aOR 2.66 95%CI 1.15-6.19), and unknown human immunodeficiency virus status (aOR 3.91, 95%CI 2.43-6.29). Conclusion Different risk factors between the US- and non-US-born populations were identified. Interventions specific to each population may be needed for reducing TB-related mortality.
Language Differentiation Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication: An Investigation of Spanish–English Bilingual Children With and Without Language Impairments

Purpose Children with severe speech and language impairments growing up in dual language environments may communicate in more than one language using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This study investigated predictors of bilingual children's ability to differentiate between Spanish and English using an AAC iPad app during a cued language-switching task and examined whether switching between languages using AAC incurred a cognitive cost. Method Participants were 58 Spanish-English bilingual children ages 4;0-6;11 (years;months; 23 with language impairments). Children received standardized language and cognitive assessments and completed an experimental language-switching task in which they were asked to differentiate between languages using an AAC iPad app containing English and Spanish vocabulary layouts paired with voice output. Results Results of a binary logistic regression indicated that, when controlling for age, processing speed significantly predicted whether children were classified as high or low performers on the experimental task. Nonparametric tests indicated that switching between languages did not incur a cognitive cost as evidenced by similar response times on trials where participants were required to switch between languages compared to trials where they did not switch. Conclusion This study contributes to the understanding of how young bilingual children with and without language impairments conceptualize and discriminate between languages represented in a visual-graphic modality paired with speech output. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13289330.
P-028 Prolapse of the pipeline embolization device in aneurysms: incidence, management, and outcomes

Background The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) is frequently used in the treatment of anterior circulation aneurysms, especially around the carotid siphon, with generally excellent results. However, PED has its own unique technical challenges, including the occurrence of device foreshortening or migration leading to prolapse into the aneurysm. We sought to determine the incidence of this phenomenon, the rescue strategies, and outcomes. Methods Four institutional databases of neuroendovascular procedures were reviewed for cases of intracranial aneurysms treated with PED. Patient and aneurysm data as well as angiographic imaging were reviewed for all cases involving device prolapse into the aneurysm. Results A total of 413 intracranial aneurysms were treated with PED during the study period, by 5 neurointerventionalists. Large and giant aneurysms comprised 32 of these aneurysms. Among these, prolapse into the aneurysm occurred in 3 patients, with one of these being rescued and the other two left in situ . All 3 patients had aneurysms of 2 cm or larger. No patients suffered any neurological complications. The two patients in whom PED was left in situ were left on antiplatelet therapy. Conclusions The Pipeline Embolization Device may foreshorten or migrate during or after deployment, leading to prolapse into the aneurysm. This phenomenon appears to be associated with large and giant aneurysms, vessel tortuosity, short landing zones, and use of balloon angioplasty. Future study and follow-up is needed to evaluate this further, but some of the observations and techniques described here may help to prevent or salvage prolapsed devices. Disclosures V. Srinivasan: 1; C; Microvention. A. Carlson: None. M. Mokin: None. J. Cherian: None. S. Chen: None. A. Puri: None. P. Kan: 1; C; Microvention. 2; C; Medtronic, Stryker.
Neuroinflammation and B-Cell Phenotypes in Cervical and Lumbosacral Regions of the Spinal Cord in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Absence of Pertussis Toxin.

Objectives The active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model is often initiated using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunization followed by pertussis toxin (PTX) to study multiple sclerosis. However, PTX inactivates G protein-coupled receptors, and with increasing knowledge of the role that various G protein-coupled receptors play in immune homeostasis, it is valuable to establish neuroimmune endpoints for active EAE without PTX. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 peptide in Complete Freund's Adjuvant and neuroinflammation, including central nervous system B-cell infiltration, was compared to saline-injected mice. Since it was anticipated that disease onset would be slower and less robust than EAE in the presence of PTX, both cervical and lumbosacral sections of the spinal cord were evaluated. Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed that EAE without PTX induced immune infiltration, CCL2 and VCAM-1 upregulation. Demyelination in the cervical region correlated with the infiltration of CD19+ B cells in the cervical region. There was upregulation of IgG, CD38, and PDL1 on B cells in cervical and lumbosacral regions of the spinal cord in EAE without PTX. Interestingly, IgG was expressed predominantly by CD19- cells. Conclusions These data demonstrate that many neuroimmune endpoints are induced in EAE without PTX and although clinical disease is mild, this can be used as an autoimmune model when PTX inactivation of G protein-coupled receptors is not desired.
Prominent Contribution of Hydrogen Peroxide to Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Generated upon Exposure to Naphthalene Secondary Organic Aerosols

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) can induce the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in biological systems. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) make up a substantial fractio...
Bonding Coordination Defects in Selenium

A great variety of experimental phenomena have been attributed to under- or over-coordinated sites in chalcogenide glasses. The electronic structure of these bonding coordination defects has proven to be an interesting but very difficult theoretical problem. We have recently succeeded in developing a realistic approach which delivers new information about the origin, character, energy, and localization of the electronic defect statesp]. We calculate the electronic structure of bond coordination defects in selenium using self-consistent pseudopotential (SCPSP) and tight binding (TB) techniques. The SCPSP is applied to periodic ‘superlattice’ configurations containing defects; a TB model is then fitted to these results. The simpler TB Hamiltonian is applied to more realistic non-periodic structures, for which it can still be solved exactly. The TB model includes nearest-neighbor interactions and overlaps between s and p valence orbitais; in addition, we find we must include ~1.2 eV shifts in the diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements on 1-fold and 3-fold sites. The origin of these shifts will be discussed shortly.
Surrogate-assisted determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in fish by electron capture capillary gas chromatography

Surrogate spiking the sample with 1000 parts per trillion (pptr) 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1378-TCDD) has doubled analytical throughput in determining toxic 2378-TCDD (analyte) at the low part-per-trillion level in fish, using multicolumn high resolution liquid chromatographic cleanup before quantitation by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The 1378- and 2378-TCDD were recovered equally and were well separated by the capillary column so that the earlier-eluting surrogate did not interfere with the quantitation of levels of analyte many-fold lower. Matrix interference contributed less than 1% bias in surrogate quantitation. Using surrogate recovery to correct for analyte losses during analysis, accuracy averaged (n = 7) 105% in determining 18 or 45 pptr 2378-TCDD added to fish without detectable bioincurred analyte. Analyses of selected fish with bioincurred 2378-TCDD gave results comparable to earlier work where recovery correction required a second analysis of sample fortified with analyte. With surrogate fortification, repeatability of determination (n = 3 or 4) improved markedly to less than 5% relative standard deviation at 37-46 pptr.
THE STRUCTURAL ROLE OF USER CLASS IN CHAT INTERACTIONS ON TWITCH

Twitch.tv has become an important platform for video streaming, especially of games, with more than 100 million monthly users. The structure of content on the platform, which merges live video feeds with chat rooms for user feedback, problematizes existing theoretical frameworks for understanding the roles and hierarchies of different types of users. Combined with efforts to monetize user engagement for the benefit of both platform owners and user-generators of content, there is a need for greater understanding of the new interaction paradigm introduced by the platform. The present study introduces a framework for systematic, quantitative analysis of user interactions in the chat rooms associated with Twitch channels, as well as a preliminary data set. Social network analysis techniques are used to analyse the centrality and homophily of different classes of users, and the theoretical significance of these observations is briefly discussed.
Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

Signs and symptoms representative of a systemic condition can manifest in the oral cavity and orofacial region. Such conditions may be previously diagnosed, or the orofacial manifestation may be the presenting sign of an acute or chronic systemic condition not previously diagnosed. Pathologic processes in the mouth, jaws, and contiguous structures could have a direct and indirect impact on the patient's overall systemic condition. Moreover, systemic conditions may result in compromised function of the orofacial region or impact patients' oral health profile. This article reviews selected systemic conditions that present or impact on the oral cavity and orofacial region.
Nontraditional Transesophageal Echocardiographic Views to Evaluate Hepatic Vasculature in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation and Liver Resection Surgery.

Background Utilization of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is expanding annually in high-volume transplant centers. During OLT intraoperative TEE is used to gather real-time information on cardiovascular function and intravascular volume status. Although standardized TEE views exist, there are nontraditional views described in the literature which have the potential to diagnose evolving pathology and define normal variants of hepatic vasculature. Methods A literature review was completed utilizing the PubMed database for English-only, peer-reviewed publications discussing nontraditional use of intraoperative TEE during OLT and hepatic vascular-related surgeries from 2009 to 2019. Both case reports and review articles were considered. Results The PubMed literature search offered 8 publications for analysis, including 7 case reports and 1 article review, revealing several nontraditional TEE views not included in a comprehensive transesophageal echocardiographic examination. These nontraditional views were generally obtained using modifications to the transgastric and bicaval views to visualize liver vasculature. We present the various techniques for obtaining these views from the 8 articles identified. Conclusions At high-volume transplant centers, TEE use during OLT is increasing. Intraoperative TEE is a valuable tool to assess hepatic vascular structures critical to allograft/organ function without interruption of the surgical procedure. Nontraditional use of TEE to diagnose intraoperative noncardiac pathology in OLT appears underutilized and underreported. The modified hepatic and modified transgastric views we describe can be used to evaluate hepatic vasculature, influence surgical decision-making and ultimately improve patient care.
Social Norms vs. fear Appeals: Mixing Alcohol with Prescription Drugs - a Message Testing Study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the perceived effectiveness of a social norms message to a fear appeal message regarding prescription drug use and alcohol interactions among college studen...
An Efficient Method for Generating Equilibrium Phase Diagrams of Isostructural and Heterostructural Two-Dimensional Alloys from First Principles

Alloying is a successful strategy for tuning the phases and properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). To accelerate the synthesis of new TMDC alloys, we present a method for generating temperature-composition equilibrium phase diagrams by combining first-principles total energy calculations with thermodynamic solution models. This method is applied to three representative 2D TMDC alloys: an isostructural alloy, MoS2(1-x)Te2x, and two heterostructural alloys, Mo1-xWxTe2 and WS2(1-x)Te2x. We show that the mixing enthalpy of the entire composition range of these binary alloys can be reliably represented using a sub-regular solution model fitted to the total energy of a small number of compositions that are calculated using density-functional theory on special quasi-random structures. The sub-regular solution model uses a cubic fit that captures three-body effects that are important in these TMDC alloys having hexagonal structures. By comparing both isostructural and heterostructural phase diagrams generated with this method to those calculated with cluster expansion methods, we demonstrate that this method can be used to rapidly design phase diagrams of TMDC alloys, and related 2D materials.
Trends in the treatment of lumbar spine fractures in the United States: a socioeconomics perspective: clinical article.

Object The objective of this study was to investigate a national health care database and analyze demographics, hospital charges, and treatment trends of patients diagnosed with lumbar spine fractures in the US over a 5-year period. Methods Clinical data were derived from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the years 2003 through 2007. The NIS is maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and represents a 20% random stratified sample of all discharges from nonfederal hospitals within the US. Patients with lumbar spine fractures were identified using the appropriate ICD-9-CM code. Data on the number of vertebral body augmentation procedures were also retrieved. National estimates of discharges, hospital charges, discharge patterns, and treatment with spinal fusion trends were retrieved and analyzed. Results More than 190,000 records of patients with lumbar spine fractures were abstracted from the database. During the 5-year period, there was a 17% increase in hospitalizations for lu...
Politics of the Dokdo/Takeshima Issue

Because of the legacies of incomplete conclusion of the Pacific War and the effect of political liberalization in both South Korea and Japan, the island dispute over Dokdo/Takeshima is unlikely to be peacefully and permanently resolved in near future.
Perturbation theory for kinks

In this paper we prove the validity of formal asymptotic results on perturbation theory for kink solutions of the sine-Gordon equation, originally obtained by McLaughlin and Scott. We prove that for appropriate perturbations, of size β in an appropriate norm, slowly varying in time in the rest frame of the kink, the shape of the kink is unaltered in the L°° norm to 0(e) for a time of 0 ί - 1 . The kink parameters, which represent its velocity and centre, evolve slowly in time in the way predicted by the asymptotics. The method of proof uses an orthogonal decomposition of the solution into an oscillatory part and a one-dimensiona l "zero-mode" term. The slow evolution of the kink parameters is chosen so as to suppress secular evolution of the zero-mode.
Hispanic consumers' shopping orientation and apparel retail store evaluation criteria

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate Hispanic consumers' shopping orientations and their apparel retail store evaluation criteria and to examine age and gender differences in their shopping orientations and retail store evaluation criteria.Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data on the variables in the study. The questionnaire was developed both in English and Spanish. Factor analysis was employed to identify Hispanic consumers' shopping orientations and their retail store evaluation criteria. Pillai's trace multivariate analyses of variance were used to examine the hypotheses.Findings – Six shopping orientation constructs and three constructs of store evaluation criteria were identified. The results revealed that males and females have different shopping orientations and apparel retail store evaluation criteria. Shopping orientation and apparel retail store evaluation criteria also varied across the age groups.Research limitations/implicatio...
Finite field ab initio calculations of the dipole polarizabilities and first and second hyperpolarizabilities using multiple sets of polarization funct

Abstract Calculated values of the static dipole polarizability and the first and second hyperpolarizability tensors are presented for the water molecule at the Hartree-Fock level using the finite field method proposed by Cohen and Roothaan for atoms. The effects of correlation at the MP2 level are also presented for the dipole polarizabilities. Multiple p and d polarization functions were needed on both the oxygen and hydrogen. Adding f functions on the oxygen had little effect in the presence of enough AOs of lower angular momenta. The values obtained using the largest basis (6s6p7d/3s3p3d) for the first hyperpolarizabilities differed considerably from previous results, while the average value of the second hyperpolarizability ( γ ) was 10% larger than the value obtained in previous studies, which all used a smaller set of polarization functions. The MP2 result for the polarizability differed from the experiment by only 3% but the anisotropy is still poorly represented.
Oxandrolone for the treatment of bone marrow failure in Fanconi anemia.

Background A majority of Fanconi anemia (FA) patients will experience bone marrow failure (BMF) and androgen therapy (most often oxymetholone) may be utilized as a treatment to improve BMF-related cytopenias. However, oxymetholone is associated with toxicities making identification of other agents of interest. In this study we aimed to evaluate the toxicity profile and hematologic response in patients with FA who are treated with low-dose oxandrolone, a synthetic non-fluorinated anabolic steroid, similar to oxymetholone, with known dosing thresholds for virilization. Procedure A single arm, Phase I/II study was designed to treat patients on low-dose oxandrolone. If no toxicity or hematologic response was noted at 16 weeks, a single dose escalation was offered. Subjects were regularly assessed for toxicity, including determinations of virilization, behavioral changes, and liver and kidney function. At 32 weeks, those who demonstrated hematologic response were allowed to continue study treatment, and those without improvement were deemed non-responsive. Results Nine subjects completed the study and were followed for a median of 99 weeks (46–136 weeks). Three (33.3%) subjects developed mild sub-clinical virilization and continued treatment with a dose reduction. None (0%) had adverse behavioral changes. Two (22.2%) developed elevated liver function tests at 42 and 105 weeks. Seven (77.8%) subjects had a hematologic response. Conclusion Oxandrolone appears to be well-tolerated, has limited toxicities at the administered doses in FA with patients, and may be an alternative androgen for the treatment of BMF in FA. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:11–19. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of an endogenous galactose-binding lectin correlates with neoplastic progression in the colon.

Background. Galectin-3 is an endogenous galactose-binding protein that is expressed in a wide range of normal and neoplastic tissues and is thought to be involved in cellular adhesion and growth regulation. Conflicting data have been reported regarding the expression of galectin-3 during carcinogenesis in the colon. Methods. The authors studied the expression of galectin-3 in 153 tissue specimens, including 29 adenomas containing early cancer, 66 colon carcinomas of known Dukes' stage with available long term patient survival data, and 23 additional primary carcinomas with 35 associated metastases. An immunohistochemical scoring system was used that considers tumor heterogeneity and yields an integrated numeric score subject to statistical analysis. Genetically related colon cancer cells with different metastatic capabilities also were compared by Western blot analysis. Results. Galectin-3 expression was significantly higher in high grade dysplasia and early invasive cancers compared with the adenomatous tissues from which they evolved (mean staining score, 2.33 vs. 1.15; P = 0.001). Galectin-3 expression in invasive cancers varied according to Dukes' stage, indicating a linear relationship with advancing stage (P = 0.008). Enhanced expression correlated with decreased long term patient survival (P = 0.021). Metastases expressed a higher level of galectin-3 compared with the primary cancers from which they evolved (P < 0.005) as did cultured cells of high metastatic capability compared with their counterparts with low metastatic potential. Conclusion. Galectin-3 expression in colonic mucosa is related to neoplastic transformation and metastatic progression. Cancer 1995;75:2818–26.
Mutuality in couples therapy: Addressing the effects of sexism in the marital relationship

Abstract Using concepts from social science disciplines as well as social work and couples therapy, this article advocates a therapeutic stance for mutuality between husband and wife. The authors' premise is that sexist attitudes in our society have mitigated against the development of mutual relationships. The paper discusses issues accompanying sexism, such as domination and subordination and gender identification as a basis for conflict. Husband-wife therapists recount their approach to altering the expressions of sexism that mar their clients' relationships.
Integration of spore-based genetically engineered whole-cell sensing systems into portable centrifugal microfluidic platforms

Bacterial whole-cell biosensing systems provide important information about the bioavailable amount of target analytes. They are characterized by high sensitivity and specificity/selectivity along with rapid response times and amenability to miniaturization as well as high-throughput analysis. Accordingly, they have been employed in various environmental and clinical applications. The use of spore-based sensing systems offers the unique advantage of long-term preservation of the sensing cells by taking advantage of the environmental resistance and ruggedness of bacterial spores. In this work, we have incorporated spore-based whole-cell sensing systems into centrifugal compact disk (CD) microfluidic platforms in order to develop a portable sensing system, which should enable the use of these hardy sensors for fast on-field analysis of compounds of interest. For that, we have employed two spore-based sensing systems for the detection of arsenite and zinc, respectively, and evaluated their analytical performance in the miniaturized microfluidic format. Furthermore, we have tested environmental and clinical samples on the CD microfluidic platforms using the spore-based sensors. Germination of spores and quantitative response to the analyte could be obtained in 2.5–3 h, depending on the sensing system, with detection limits of 1 × 10−7 M for arsenite and 1 × 10−6 M for zinc in both serum and fresh water samples. Incorporation of spore-based whole-cell biosensing systems on microfluidic platforms enabled the rapid and sensitive detection of the analytes and is expected to facilitate the on-site use of such sensing systems.
Potential impacts of ultra-high-pressure (UHP) technology on NFPA Standard 403

Abstract Ultra-high-pressure (UHP) technology as well as compressed air foam (CAF) and combined agent firefighting systems (CAFFS) have proven to enhance the performance of firefighting equipment using water and aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). UHP systems are capable of producing small water droplets at high velocity. As droplet size is reduced, surface area relative to mass increases, improving heat transfer. Smaller droplets however, experience greater drag, reducing throw distance. Findings indicate that on average, 150 m/s exit plane velocities result in maximum throw distances of between 4600 and 5600 orifice diameters. UHP prototype and full-scale testing conducted from 2004 to 2006 found that exit plane velocities of 150 m/s were found to produce 90–100 μm droplets, sizes considered optimal for fire extinguishment. In addition, UHP systems were able to extinguish two-dimensional fuel fires ranging in area from 81.6 to 613.8 m 2 using one-third the agent when compared to baseline AFFF tests, and one-tenth the NFPA 403 standard.
SU-E-I-27: Establishing Target Exposure Index Values for Computed Radiography

Purpose: To develop a standard set of target exposure index (TEI) values to be applied to Agfa Computed Radiography (CR) readers in accordance with International Electrotechnical Committee 62494-1 (ed. 1.0). Methods: A large data cohort was collected from six USAF Medical Treatment Facilities that exclusively use Agfa CR Readers. Dose monitoring statistics were collected from each reader. The data was analyzed based on anatomic region, view, and processing speed class. The Agfa specific exposure metric, logarithmic mean (LGM), was converted to exposure index (EI) for each data set. The optimum TEI value was determined by minimizing the number of studies that fell outside the acceptable deviation index (DI) range of +/− 2 for phototimed techniques or a range of +/−3 for fixed techniques. An anthropomorphic radiographic phantom was used to corroborate the TEI recommendations. Images were acquired of several anatomic regions and views using standard techniques. The images were then evaluated by two radiologists as either acceptable or unacceptable. The acceptable image with the lowest exposure and EI value was compared to the recommended TEI values using a passing DI range. Results: Target EI values were determined for a comprehensive list of anatomic regions and views. Conclusion: Target EI values must be established on each CR unit in order to provide a positive feedback system for the technologist. This system will serve as a mechanism to prevent under or overexposures of patients. The TEI recommendations are a first attempt at a large scale process improvement with the goal of setting reasonable and standardized TEI values. The implementation and effectiveness of the recommended TEI values should be monitored and adjustments made as necessary.