cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of time delays on the stability of load balancing algorithms for parallel computations

A deterministic dynamic nonlinear time-delay system is developed to model load balancing in a cluster of computer nodes used for parallel computations. The model is shown to be self consistent in that the queue lengths cannot go negative and the total number of tasks in all the queues and the network are conserved (i.e., load balancing can neither create nor lose tasks). Further, it is shown that using the proposed load balancing algorithms, the system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov. Experimental results are presented and compared with the predicted results from the analytical model. In particular, simulations of the models are compared with an experimental implementation of the load balancing algorithm on a distributed computing network.
PTEN at a glance

Since its discovery in 1997 ([Li and Sun, 1997][1]; [Li et al., 1997][2]; [Steck et al., 1997][3]), the phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3] phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has been established as one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes in human
Yangians in string theory and Yang-Mills theory

In recent years, higher loop integrability has been the object of much attention. An important part of that discourse is to check that the Yangian symmetry survives at higher loops. We offer a brief update of the progress in this area.
« Le français louisianais hors de l'Acadiana »

De maniere generale, les entretiens effectues dans la peripherie de l'Acadiana semblent renforcer la notion qu'un nivellement linguistique a eu lieu dans la region. Pourtant, concernant la variation entre les pronoms interrogatifs inanimes qui et quoi, les donnees provenant de la paroisse des Natchitoches pourraient suggerer egalement que le francais dit « cadien » correspond en fait a un francais populaire dont l'aire linguistique, des l'origine, depassait les limites de l'etendue geographique traditionnellement associee a la population acadienne, mettant ainsi en cause, du moins en partie, la notion de nivellement. Par ailleurs, certaines donnees provenant de la Grande-Ile et des Plaquemines suggerent que le francais de prestige associe a l'apogee de la societe plantocratique laisse encore des traces.
Current Ideas in the Philosophy of Testing Electrical Contacts

In computer equipment, the large number of connector type contacts alone require a very reliable component. There is a definite need for obtaining a better understanding of the modes of failure in real-life environments so that new and better test methods can be developed. This paper reviews testing methods and the philosophy of evaluating electrical contacts.
The materials digital library: MatDL.org

The Materials Digital Library project, as part of the National Science Foundation's National Science Digital Library program, researches efficient creation and dissemination of materials information using a multifaceted approach: collection of materials content, with an emphasis on soft matter; construction of authoring tools for improved delivery, and; use of materials content in a digital library.
The role of the lymphatic system in coronary atherosclerosis

Arguments are presented to support the hypothesis that the integrity of the coronary lymphatic system is an important factor in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. It is proposed that the lymphatic drainage of the epicardial coronary arteries is genetically inadequate, and that the flow of lymph from the heart is further impaired by gravitational factors due to man's upright position. Arguments are presented to support the concept that the intramural coronary arteries are protected from atherosclerosis because of a highly effective pericoronary lymphatic and venous capillary system and that the internal thoracic (internal mammary) artery is similarly protected from atherosclerosis because of its close relationship to an extensive lymphatic chain. It is proposed that the failure of the cardiac lymphatic system in the allogenic transplanted heart is a cause of the accelerated atherosclerosis in both epicardial and intramural coronary arteries.
The Audio‐Motor Unit in the Language Lab: Time‐Saver and Evaluation Tool

The audio-motor unit, a successful listening comprehension strategy composed of a series of oral commands which elicit physical responses, demonstrates student comprehension of meaning. The purpose of this article is to describe a new approach to this proven strategy. In order to conserve time and have an objective means of evaluating audio-motor units, the author proposes a method for using these units in the language lab.
City Managers’ Policy Leadership in Council-Manager Cities

City managers’ policy leadership has drawn great attention from scholars of public administration. However, what factors explain variation in managers’ policy-making roles has not been systematically explored. This study investigates the mechanisms leading elected officials to defer to the manager in policy making. Survey data from Florida council-manager cities indicate that noninstitutional factors-such as mayors’ political experience, managers’ professionalism, and concordance of manager and council preferences-influence the likelihood that a council will allow a manager to exercise policy influence. The data reveal that city managers earn policy-making leadership at the expense of their administrative authority. Thus, managers must reconcile inherent tensions between responsibility and compliance.
Erectile Function after Open or Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair has been reported to be associated with impairment of sexual function in men, most likely because of autonomic nerve injury and pelvic blood flow changes. Endovascular aneurysm repair does not involve dissection in the area of the iliac bifurcation and therefore may be associated with lower incidence of sexual dysfunction as compared to open repair. We conducted a retrospective study of males after open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair to determine if there is a significant difference in the incidence of sexual dysfunction between the two procedures. A modified International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire was used to access sexual function before and after aneurysm repair. The questionnaire was mailed to all male patients who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair from January 1, 1999 to July 15, 2002. The questionnaire asked patients questions regarding their sexual function before and 3 months after the repair. Questionnaire scores for domains of sexual function (erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction) as well as the total questionnaire score were analyzed. The chi-square and Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test were used for statistical comparisons, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Logistic regression was used to examine association. Two hundred ninety-three questionnaires were mailed and 90 were returned completed. There was no difference for the total questionnaire score or the erectile function score before the procedure. Based on the questionnaire score, erectile function worsened after open AAA repair (p = 0.002). Orgasmic function also deteriorated after open AAA repair (p = 0.001). Endovascular repair was not accompanied by decreased erectile or orgasmic function (p = 0.057 and p = 0.068, respectively). Impairment of erectile function was not associated with age, diabetes, or the number of patent hypogastric arteries after aneurysm repair, but there was a significant association between impaired erectile function and open aneurysm repair (p = 0.036). Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is associated with significantly less impairment of erectile and orgasmic function than that with open repair. Preservation of sexual function after endovascular as compared to open repair should be among the factors considered when weighing treatment options for an abdominal aortic aneurysm in a sexually active male.
Global gray and white matter metabolic changes after simian immunodeficiency virus infection in CD8‐depleted rhesus macaques: proton MRS imaging at 3 T

To test the hypotheses that global decreased neuro-axonal integrity reflected by decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and increased glial activation reflected by an elevation in its marker, the myo-inositol (mI), present in a CD8-depleted rhesus macaque model of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. To this end, we performed quantitative MRI and 16 × 16 × 4 multivoxel proton MRS imaging (TE/TR = 33/1400 ms) in five macaques pre- and 4–6 weeks post-simian immunodeficiency virus infection. Absolute NAA, creatine, choline (Cho), and mI concentrations, gray and white matter (GM and WM) and cerebrospinal fluid fractions were obtained. Global GM and WM concentrations were estimated from 224 voxels (at 0.125 cm3 spatial resolution over ~35% of the brain) using linear regression. Pre- to post-infection global WM NAA declined 8%: 6.6 ± 0.4 to 6.0 ± 0.5 mM (p = 0.05); GM Cho declined 20%: 1.3 ± 0.2 to 1.0 ± 0.1 mM (p < 0.003); global mI increased 11%: 5.7 ± 0.4 to 6.5 ± 0.5 mM (p < 0.03). Global GM and WM brain volume fraction changes were statistically insignificant. These metabolic changes are consistent with global WM (axonal) injury and glial activation, and suggest a possible GM host immune response. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New immunizations for children.

Routine immunizations for children have markedly changed the epidemiology of many infectious diseases in the United States. Diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis are rare occurrences, and measles, mumps, and rubella have declined substantially. These successes have encouraged research into vaccines to prevent other serious bacterial and viral diseases. Although many vaccines are currently being developed, only four (those against Haemophilus influenzae , varicella, pertussis, and rotavirus) will be discussed in this article. They have been chosen because they have received considerable publicity and generated many questions from parents and physicians. HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE Although exact incidence figures are not available in the United States, H influenzae causes about 20,000 serious illnesses per year in young children, with significant mortality and morbidity. Newer antibiotics and more Sophisticated intensive care have not reduced the death rate or the incidence of serious sequelae caused by H influenzae meningitis. Epiglottitis responds well to intubation and appropriate antibiotics but is life threatening without proper medical facilities. Invasive disease is seen almost exclusively with type b H influenzae and is correlated with the capsular polyribophosphate (PRP) of the organism. Antibody to its PRP provides protection from infection by the organism. Localized illness such as otitis media is frequently caused by non-type b organisms. The incidence of such infections would not be affected by anti-PRP antibody.
Detection of tumor response to radiation therapy by in vivo proton MR spectroscopy

Abstract Purpose: These studies were performed to investigate the effects of radiation on levels of metabolites such as lactate and choline compounds detected by 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The purpose was to determine the ability of spatially localized 1 H MRS to detect tumor response to radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: Proton spectroscopic images were obtained from RIF-1 tumors with voxel spatial resolutions of 8–16 mm 3 before and at 24 and 48 h following 2, 4, and 20 Gy of γ-radiation. Results: Lactate levels decreased significantly for all doses by 48 h. Tumors irradiated with 2 and 4 Gy showed a significant decrease by 48 h, but not at 24 h. A group of sham-irradiated control animals demonstrated no significant changes in lactate over the period of observation. Conclusions: Changes in lactate observed in this study are consistent with an increased blood flow observed in previous studies (15) in the same tumor model following 20 Gy X-irradiation. These studies point to the feasibility of detecting response to clinical doses of fractionated radiation therapy by 1 H MRS.
Comparison of the predischarge exercise thallium-201 perfusion defect after myocardial infarction with myocardium at risk measured during acute infarction with technetium-99m sestamibi imaging

Abstract Background Exercise thallium-201 imaging provides a noninvasive estimate of the amount of myocardium presumed to be at risk of infarcting should a complete occlusion of the coronary stenosis occur. The relationship between the size of the exercise thallium perfusion defect and the extent of myocardium supplied by a diseased coronary artery has not been established. This study evaluates that presumed correlation. Methods Patients were injected intravenously with technetium-99m sestamibi during acute myocardial infarction before thrombolysis or conventional therapy to quantify the myocardium at risk. Twenty-six patients who underwent risk-area assessment subsequently underwent clinically driven, predischarge, submaximal exercise imaging with thallium-201. The exercise testing was performed on day 7 ± 2 days. A conventional polar map display was used to quantify the perfusion defect. Results The myocardium at risk determined by technetium-99m sestamibi at the time of infarction was 30% ± 20% of the left ventricle. The mean exercise thallium-201 defect was 34% ± 22% of the left ventricle. The exercise defect tended to be slightly larger than the myocardium at risk (4% ± 10% of the left ventricle, P =.05). There was a close correlation between the 2 measurements ( r = 0.89, SE=9.4, P Conclusions This study shows a close correlation between the myocardium "at risk" assessed acutely by technetium-99m sestamibi and the "presumed at-risk area" determined by thallium-201 imaging on predischarge exercise testing. This finding supports the concept that the size of the exercise thallium defect caused by coronary stenosis indicates the likely size of a myocardial infarction resulting from occlusion of that stenosis. (Am Heart J 2003;145:357-63.)
High resolution seismic data coupled to Multibeam bathymetry of Stromboli island collected in the frame of the Stromboli geophysical experiment: implications with the marine geophysics and volcanology of the Aeolian Arc volcanic complex (Sicily, Southern Tyrrhenian sea, Italy)

New high resolution seismic data (Subbottom Chirp) coupled to high resolution Multibeam bathymetry collected in the frame of the Stromboli geophysical experiment aimed at recording active seismic data and tomography of the Stromboli Island are here presented. The Stromboli geophysical experiment has been already carried out based on onshore and offshore data acquisition in order to investigate the deep structure and the location of the magma chambers of the Stromboli volcano. A new detailed swath bathymetry of Stromboli Island is here shown and discussed to reconstruct an up-to-date morpho-bathymetry and marine geology of the area compared to the volcanologic setting of the Aeolian Arc volcanic complex. Due to its high resolution the new Digital Terrain Model of the Stromboli Island gives interesting information about the submerged structure of the volcano, particularly about the volcano-tectonic and gravitational processes involving the submarine flanks of the edifice. Several seismic units have been identified based on the geologic interpretation of Subbottom Chirp profiles recorded around the volcanic edifice and interpreted as volcanic acoustic basement pertaining to the volcano and overlying slide chaotic bodies emplaced during its complex volcano-tectonic evolution. They are related to the eruptive activity of Stromboli, mainly poliphasic and to regional geological processes involving the intriguing geology of the Aeolian Arc, a volcanic area still in activity and needing improved research interest.
Melphalan and purine analog–containing preparative regimens: reduced-intensity conditioning for patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation

A reduced-intensity preparative regimen consisting of melphalan and a purine analog was evaluated for allogeneic transplantation in 86 patients who had a variety of hematologic malignancies and were considered poor candidates for conventional myeloablative therapies because of age or comorbidity. Seventy-eight patients received fludarabine 25 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days in combination with melphalan 180 mg/m(2) (n = 66) or 140 mg/m(2) (n = 12). Eight patients received cladribine 12 mg/m(2) continuous infusion for 5 days with melphalan 180 mg/m(2). The median age was 52 years (range, 22-70 years). Disease status at transplantation was either first remission or first chronic phase in 7 patients, untreated first relapse or subsequent remission in 16 patients, and refractory leukemia or transformed chronic myelogenous leukemia in 63 patients. Nonrelapse mortality rates on day 100 were 37.4% for the fludarabine/melphalan combination and 87.5% for the cladribine/melphalan combination. The median percentage of donor cells at 1 month in 75 patients was 100% (range, 0%-100%). The probability of grade 2-4 and 3-4 acute graft-versus-host disease was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.38-0.60) and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.18-0.41), respectively. Disease-free survival at 1 year was 57% for patients in first remission or chronic phase and 49% for patients with untreated first relapse or in a second or later remission. On multivariate analysis the strongest predictor for disease-free survival was a good or intermediate risk category. In summary, fludarabine/melphalan combinations are feasible in older patients with associated comorbidities, and long-term disease control can be achieved with reduced-intensity conditioning in this population.
Photoconductive switches for AC circuit protection

The basic suitability of the photoconductive circuit element (PCE) for protective switching applications in AC power transmission and distribution circuits is examined. Specific applications include circuit breakers and fault-current limiters. This work considers a hybrid switching mechanism, which consists of a parallel arrangement of the PCE with a low-capacity mechanical switch. Electrical, optical, and thermal models are developed for the PCE device, which are incorporated in a system-level computer simulation of a power test circuit. Simulation results show the feasibility of the hybrid switching concept, although device sizes appear to be relatively large due to thermal dissipation requirements. >
Prediction of velocity profiles and longitudinal dispersion in salt marsh vegetation

To predict the behavior of solutes and suspended particles in wetlands, it is necessary to estimate advection and longitudinal dispersion. To better understand these processes, measurements were taken of stem frontal area, velocity, vertical diffusion, and longitudinal dispersion in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh in the Plum Island Estuary in Rowley, Massachusetts. Vegetation volumetric frontal area peaked at 0.067 6 0.007 cm 21 near 10 cm from the bed. If the velocity profile in a dense emergent marsh canopy depends on the local balance between pressure forcing and vegetation drag, the velocity will vary inversely with canopy drag (i.e., velocity is minimum where the frontal area is maximum). In fact, the minimum velocity was observed at 10 cm from the bed. The momentum balance therefore provides a way to predict the velocity profile structure from canopy morphology. The vertical diffusion coefficient also depends on canopy characteristics, such that the vertical diffusion coefficient normalized by the velocity and stem diameter had a constant value of 0.17 6 0.08 at this study site. The canopy morphology also controls the longitudinal dispersion, observed in this study to be 4 to 27 cm 2 s 21
Characterization of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Specimens with a Positive Hemagglutinin 1 Signal in the Luminex xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel Assay

This retrospective review analyzed Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel (RVP) results for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus specimens. Comparing median fluorescence intensity (MFI) signals for the influenza A virus and hemagglutinin 1 (H1) reactions for specimens with very low positive (MFI < 1,000) or “no-call” H1 results reliably distinguished 2009 H1N1 from seasonal virus.
What the Research Quarterly Says About Warm-Up.

(1969). What the Research Quarterly Says about Warm-Up. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 75-78.
HCV among The Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital Adult ED Patients

The Emergency Department (ED) appears to be an ideal place to conduct hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of prior HCV test positivity among adult (18–64 year-old) patients at The Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital EDs, as well as the undiagnosed HCV antibody seroprevalence among patients with any self-reported injection or non-injection drug use who agreed to undergo rapid HCV antibody testing. The prevalence of prior HCV test positivity among 8,500 adult ED patients was approximately 4.6%, and the previously undiagnosed HCV antibody seroprevalence among 621 drug-using adult ED patients was 1.6%. Among the ten ED patients with a positive rapid HCV antibody test not previously diagnosed, eight were born after 1965 and six never had injected drugs. If current HCV screening recommendations were followed exclusively in this setting, this practice would have missed half of those with a positive rapid HCV antibody test.
Selective reduction of PVR by inhalation of a cGMP analogue in a porcine model of pulmonary hypertension.

Selective reduction of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) remains a therapeutic goal for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, but current therapeutic options remain limited. Although the gas n...
The HNF3beta-target 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is a candidate antiangiogenic tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 1784 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta (HNF3beta), also named Foxa2, belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors. This transcription factor is essential in foregut development and the regulation of lung-specific genes. Previously we showed that HNF3beta was a tumor suppressor in lung cancers and also identified 15-PGDH, a critical metabolic enzyme of proliferative prostaglandin and an antagonist to COX2 in colon cancers, as one of the major downstream targets of HNF3beta. 15-PGDH was previously shown to be a bona fide tumor suppressor in colon cancer. We had further demonstrated direct regulation of the promoter of the 15-PGDH gene by HNF3beta. In the present study, we demonstrate downregulation of 15-PGDH expression in the majority (69%) of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and show loss of 15-PGDH in 63% of human lung cancer tissues by the use of an immunohistochemical assay, compared to strong 15-PGDH expression in type I pneumocytes from normal human lung tissues. Interestingly, loss of 15-PGDH was observed significantly more commonly in squamous cell cancers (87.5%) as compared to adenocarcinomas (46.7%). Demethylation studies revealed significant upregulation of 15-PGDH in a number of lung cancer cell lines upon treatment with deoxyazacytidine suggestive of promoter methylation as a mechanism of silencing. In in vitro proliferation and apoptosis assays with transiently transfected non-small cell lung cancer cells (H358) we observe no cell-autonomous tumor suppressor activity of 15-PGDH. In further studies on the other hand we demonstrate that 15-PGDH overexpression significantly lowers extracellular PGE2 levels and find significant in vivo tumor suppressor activity of 15-PGDH using in vivo xenograft tumorigenesis assays of stably transfected H358 lung cancer cells (H358- empty vector versus H358-15-PGDH). Microvessel density evaluation of xenograft tumors and comparison of VEGF levels between H358 cells with or without 15-PGDH overexpression further corroborates that the in vivo tumor suppressor activity of 15-PGDH is mediated via an anti-angiogenic mechanism analogous to its role in colon cancer, likely through PGE-2 regulation of VEGF levels. In summary, we identify 15-PGDH as a direct downstream effector of HNF3β and demonstrate that 15-PGDH acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer via an antiangiogenic mechanism.
Graph Applications to RNA Structure and Function

RNA’s modular, hierarchical, and versatile structure makes possible diverse, essential regulatory and catalytic roles in the cell. It also invites systematic modeling and simulation approaches. Among the diverse computational and theoretical approaches to model RNA structures, graph theory has been applied in various contexts to study RNA structure and function. Here, we describe graph-theoretical approaches for predicting and designing novel RNA topologies using graphical representations of RNA secondary structure, clustering tools, and a build-up procedure. Recent applications to noncoding RNA classification, RNA structure analysis and prediction, and novel RNA design are also described. As evident from the work of many groups in the mathematical and biological sciences, graph-theoretical approaches offer a fruitful avenue for discovering novel RNA topologies and designing new structural classes of RNAs.
Energy-Efficient All-Spin Cache Hierarchy Using Shift-Based Writes and Multilevel Storage

Spintronic memories are considered to be promising candidates for future on-chip memories due to their high density, nonvolatility, and near-zero leakage. However, they also face challenges such as high write energy and latency and limited read speed due to single-ended sensing. Further, the conflicting requirements of read and write operations lead to stringent design constraints that severely compromises their benefits. Recently, domain wall memory was proposed as a spintronic memory that has a potential for very high density by storing multiple bits in the domains of a ferromagnetic nanowire. While reliable operation of DWM memory with multiple domains faces many challenges, single-bit cells that utilize domain wall motion for writes have been experimentally demonstrated [Fukami et al. 2009]. This bit-cell, which we refer to as Domain Wall Memory with Shift-based Write (DWM-SW), achieves improved write efficiency and features decoupled read-write paths, enabling independent optimizations of read and write operations. However, these benefits are achieved at the cost of sacrificing the original goal of improved density. In this work, we explore multilevel storage as a new direction to enhance the density benefits of DWM-SW. At the device level, we propose a new device--multilevel DWM with shift-based write (ML-DWM-SW)--that is capable of storing 2 bits in a single device. At the circuit level, we propose a ML-DWM-SW based bit-cell design and layout. The ML-DWM-SW bit-cell incurs no additional area overhead compared to the DWM-SW bit-cell despite storing an additional bit, thereby achieving roughly twice the density. However, it requires a two-step write operation and has data-dependent read and write energies, which pose unique challenges. To address these issues, we propose suitable architectural optimizations: (i) intra-word interleaving and (ii) bit encoding. We design “all-spin” cache architectures using the proposed ML-DWM-SW bit-cell for both general purpose processors as well as general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs). We perform an iso-capacity replacement of SRAM with spintronic memories and study the energy and area benefits at iso-performance conditions. For general purpose processors, the ML-DWM-SW cache achieves 10X reduction in energy and 4.4X reduction in cache area compared to an SRAM cache and 2X and 1.7X reduction in energy and area, respectively, compared to an STT-MRAM cache. For GPGPUs, the ML-DWM-SW cache achieves 5.3X reduction in energy and 3.6X area reduction compared to SRAM and 3.5X energy reduction and 1.9X area reduction compared to STT-MRAM.
The Ballot, the Bimah, and the Tax Code

Under the Internal Revenue Code, synagogues, like other organizations exempt under section 501(c)(3), are prohibited from political campaign intervention, may engage in some lobbying, and are free to take positions on issues of public policy without limit. This essay will explain how the IRS distinguishes these categories. It will include a discussion of direct and indirect endorsement of political candidates. It will also explain when rabbinic speech is deemed that of the individual and when it is attributed to the synagogue. The goal of the piece is to help rabbis understand this area of the law so that they may navigate within its strictures, such as they are. To that end, it will also offer some practical guidelines for commonly encountered situations.
Advancing Toward and Understanding of Sport Rivalry

The concept of rivalry is nearly ubiquitous across sports, and although the term “rival” appears frequently in academic work, researchers have not applied a consistent approach to determine what constitutes a rival. The purpose of this research is to identify key characteristics of a rivalry and the antecedents to rivalry formation. Also explored are the behavioral outcomes of a rivalry and, specifically, how individuals react toward a rival team and its fans. This initialization of a more rigorous conceptualization of rivalry began with a qualitative inquiry to set the foundation for a subsequent survey. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the potential indicators and outcomes of sports rivalry that emerged from the survey.
XXIII. Some experiments with alternating currents

(1895). XXIII. Some experiments with alternating currents. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 39, No. 238, pp. 229-254.
Dewetting of Polymer Bilayers: Morphology and Kinetics

The kinetics of de-wetting a polycarbonate (PC) film from a poly(styrene-coacrylonitrile) (SAN) copolymer film was monitored using optical microscopy. Whereas the SAN layer was stable upon annealing at 190°C, the PC layer dewetted the SAN and formed holes whose diameter increased linearly with time. Auger electron spectroscopy measurements confirmed that PC was fully removed from the interior of the hole. Upon varying the AN content, the dewetting velocity was found to be a minimum near 0.27 weight percent AN. This result is consistent with the interfacial thermodynamics between PC and SAN. Atomic force microscopy was used to provide a unique image of the hole profile.
A late Eocene (Chadronian) mammalian fauna from the White River Formation in Kings Canyon, northern Colorado

Several decades (1940s–2011) of prospecting and collecting of mammalian fossils from late Eocene strata of the White River Formation in Kings Canyon, a high-altitude (∼2,500 m; 8,200 ft) paleovalley incised into the Medicine Bow Mountains near the Wyoming–Colorado border, have produced a significant faunal assemblage that includes at least 14 species (in 13 families). Research by others suggests that Kings Canyon was at least at its present-day elevation during late Eocene time. Study of the fossil vertebrates, therefore, provides a rare glimpse into a late Eocene, high-altitude mammalian fauna. Here, we describe the Kings Canyon fauna that includes: the lagomorph Megalagus ; the rodents Ischyromys , Cylindrodon, Pelycomys , and Paradjidaumo ; the carnivore Hesperocyon ; the artiodactyls Archaeotherium , Bathygenys , Poabromylus, Pseudoprotoceras , and Leptomeryx ; and the perissodactyls Mesohippus , Megacerops , and Rhinocerotidae. The mammalian fauna corroborates the Chadronian (late Eocene) age of the White River Formation in Kings Canyon suggested by others. The co-occurrence of Megalagus brachyodon , Leptomeryx speciosus , and Pseudoprotoceras longinaris suggests a middle to late Chadronian age. Several taxa reported here represent geographic range extensions. Leptomeryx speciosus and Poabromylus are extended south from Wyoming, while the discovery of Bathygenys alpha at Kings Canyon represents the first known occurrence of this species in Colorado (otherwise known from Wyoming, Montana, and Texas). Ranges of Cylindrodon , Hesperocyon , and Archaeotherium are extended slightly westward from northeastern Colorado. Similar to the late Chadronian-aged Florissant fauna from central Colorado, geographically and faunally the Kings Canyon fauna appears to be near the border between the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain Provinces defined by others. Also, like Florissant, the Kings Canyon fauna seems consistent with weakened faunal provinciality during Chadronian time.
A Closer Look at Automation Behavior During a Human-in-the-Loop Simulation

A 2012 Human-In-The-Loop air traffic control simulation investigated a gradual paradigm-shift in the allocation of functions between operators and automation. Air traffic controllers staffed five adjacent high-altitude en route sectors, and during the course of a two-week experiment, worked traffic under four different function allocation concepts aligned with increasingly mature NextGen operational environments. These NextGen time-frames ranged from near current-day operations to nearly fully-automated control, in which the ground systems automation was responsible for detecting conflicts, issuing strategic and tactical resolutions, and alerting controllers to exceptional circumstances. This paper continues the investigations reported in previous publications. Analyses of data surrounding the conflict-resolution task serve as the context in which we investigate the interactions between controllers and the automation.
Electrochemical Transport Phenomena in Hybrid Pseudocapacitors under Galvanostatic Cycling

This study aims to provide insights into the electrochemical transport and interfacial phenomena in hybrid pseudocapacitors under galvanostatic cycling. Pseudocapacitors are promising electrical energy storage devices for applications requiring large power density. They also involve complex, coupled, and multiscale physical phenomena that are difficult to probe experimentally. The present study performed detailed numerical simulations for a hybrid pseudocapacitor with planar electrodes and binary, asymmetric electrolyte under various cycling conditions, based on a first-principles continuum model accounting simultaneously for charge storage by electric double layer (EDL) formation and by faradaic reactions with intercalation. Two asymptotic regimes were identified corresponding to (i) dominant faradaic charge storage at low current and low frequency or (ii) dominant EDL charge storage at high current and high frequency. Analytical expressions for the intercalated ion concentration and surface overpotential were derived for both asymptotic regimes. Features of typical experimentally measured cell potential were physically interpreted. These insights could guide the optimization of hybrid pseudocapacitors. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0441602jes] All rights reserved.
La Relación entre Lenguaje, Cultura y Sociedad: El Posicionamiento de los Profesores de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera en la Sociedad

Este articulo presenta un analisis de las opciones profesionales de los profesores de ingles como lengua extranjera y su posicionamiento social en diferentes regiones del mundo. Las investigadoras realizaron una investigacion cualitativa basada en narrativas con el proposito de analizar, comprender e interpretar la relacion que existe entre lenguaje, cultura y sociedad en el posicionamiento identificado por los profesores de ingles como lengua extranjera en el mundo. La teoria del posicionamiento y la investigacion narrativa fueron usadas como marco teorico para el estudio, y las herramientas de recoleccion de datos incluyeron reflexiones, narrativas y contranarrativas. Las narrativas personales de los profesores reflejan su fuerza ilocucionaria a traves de la cual expresan su posicionamiento como agentes con autoridad y empoderamiento.
The 3'-5' Exonuclease, TREX1, Interacts with Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP1) in Response to DNA Damage

Abstract 1046 Background: Recognition of nucleic acids plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The major 39-59 DNA exonuclease, TREX1, degrades single- and double-stranded DNA to minimize potential immune activation by persistent self or retroelement DNA. Mutations in the human TREX1 gene have been linked to four diseases: SLE; Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS); retinal vasculopathy and cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL); and familial chilblain lupus (CBL). SLE, AGS and CBL have overlapping features characterized by expression of interferon-alpha and autoantibody production, but are distinct clinical conditions. RVCL is a non-inflammatory endotheliopathy. Methods: As part of our efforts to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying TREX1 involvement in the pathogenesis of these diseases, we identified a novel TREX1-binding partner protein by Mass Spectrometry and Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. We examined the interaction domains and the effects of mutations in TREX1 associated with these diseases. Results: We found that TREX1 interacted with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), a nuclear DNA repair enzyme involved in the DNA damage response. The interaction domain of PARP1 was mapped to the amino-terminal zinc finger domains. Subcellular localization analysis showed that TREX1 normally localized to the cytoplasm and cytomembranes, but translocated to the nucleus (with some bound to chromatin) in response to sublethal DNA damage. Co-IP assays revealed that the interaction was increased following DNA damage in concert with the post-translational PARlation of PARP1. Functional studies showed that TREX1 induced the PARlation of PARP1 in a TREX1 dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of TREX1 promoted PARP1 cleavage and loss of PARP1 enzymatic activity, resulting in the induction of apoptosis. We further analyzed the effects of TREX1-PARP1 interaction in relation to the pathogenesis of AGS or RVCL. Co-IP assays revealed that the RVCL-related TREX1-mutant protein, V235fs, bound to PARP1 as well as wild-type TREX1, whereas the AGS-related R114H mutant protein did not bind PARP1. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that TREX1 contributes to the regulation of PARP1 in the DNA damage response and that mutation-induced alterations in the function of TREX1 may be a factor in the development or progression of these autoimmune diseases by affecting PARP1 activity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Transactive control mechanism for efficient management of EVs charging in transactive energy environment

This paper introduces a transactive energy (TE) approach through a transactive control (TC) mechanism for efficient electric vehicle (EV)-grid integration and management with the goal of minimizing the charging cost of EVs and mitigating the adverse effects on the grid. Charging EVs can present undesirable effects, e.g., overload components, in the distribution systems. In the proposed TE+TC approach, the distribution system operator (DSO) generates a distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) for the transactive nodes (TNs) which is then sent to each customer's house, assuming that the TN and the customers have local agents. Based on their needs and the received transactive incentive signal (TIS), consumers will determine their EVs charging hours. Upon execution, the consumer sends the information back to the transformer as a transactive feedback signal (TFS). This information allows the DSO to recalculate its TIS at the TN and adjust the new demand pattern accordingly. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed TE+TC approach, this paper considers a case study of a transformer located at a 6-bus distribution feeder test system.
Black feminism fleshes out the human

The title Habeas viscus neatly encapsulates Alexander Weheliye’s intervention into the long-standing interdisciplinary project of troubling the liberal conception of personhood. He pivots from figu...
Structure of the Clean and Oxygen-Covered Cu(100) Surface at Room Temperature in the Presence of Methanol Vapor in the 10–200 mTorr Pressure Range

Using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) and high pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (HPSTM), we show that in equilibrium with 0.01–0.2 Torr of methanol vapor, at room temperature, the Cu(100) surface is covered with methoxy species forming a c(2 × 2) overlayer structure. In contrast, no methoxy is formed if the surface is saturated with an ordered oxygen layer, even when the methanol pressure is 0.2 Torr. At oxygen coverages below saturation, methanol dissociates and reacts with the atomic oxygen, producing methoxy and formate on the surface, and formaldehyde that desorbs to the gas phase. Unlike the case of pure carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, methanol does not induce the restructuring of the Cu(100) surface. These results provide insight into catalytic anhydrous production of aldehydes.
Pregabalin as adjunctive therapy in benzodiazepine discontinuation.

Purpose The available evidence for the use of pregabalin as adjunctive therapy in the discontinuation of benzodiazepines is reviewed. Summary Pregabalin has been studied as an adjunctive pharmacologic treatment for the discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine use. Unlike carbamazepine, pregabalin has little potential for drug interactions, and its adverse effects are mostly mild and transient. Pregabalin reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters by binding to regulatory subunits of voltage-activated calcium channels. The majority of studies evaluated failed to find a significant difference in benzodiazepine discontinuation rates between pregabalin and comparator groups. The long-term efficacy of pregabalin in benzodiazepine discontinuation is also unknown, as patients were only followed for 0–12 weeks after discontinuing the benzodiazepines. Most studies, however, did observe consistent improvement in withdrawal symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and cognitive function with pregabalin use in benzodiazepine discontinuation. Studies varied in design elements, such as whether past benzodiazepine discontinuation attempts occurred, baseline benzodiazepine use characteristics (agent, dose, duration), benzodiazepine discontinuation strategies previously used, and the use of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and concurrent psychotropics as exclusion criteria. In addition, the literature does not clearly describe whether patients successfully discontinued pregabalin, for which there are reports of substance abuse. Conclusion Based on the current available evidence, pregabalin is not recommended for use in benzodiazepine discontinuation, as the majority of studies did not find a significant difference in benzodiazepine discontinuation rates between pregabalin and comparatory groups despite an improvement in withdrawal and anxiety symptoms.
Extraction of information on macromolecular interactions from fluorescence micro-spectroscopy measurements in the presence and absence of FRET.

Investigations of static or dynamic interactions between proteins or other biological macromolecules in living cells often rely on the use of fluorescent tags with two different colors in conjunction with adequate theoretical descriptions of Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and molecular-level micro-spectroscopic technology. One such method based on these general principles is FRET spectrometry, which allows determination of the quaternary structure of biomolecules from cell-level images of the distributions, or spectra of occurrence frequency of FRET efficiencies. Subsequent refinements allowed combining FRET frequency spectra with molecular concentration information, thereby providing the proportion of molecular complexes with various quaternary structures as well as their binding/dissociation energies. In this paper, we build on the mathematical principles underlying FRET spectrometry to propose two new spectrometric methods, which have distinct advantages compared to other methods. One of these methods relies on statistical analysis of color mixing in subpopulations of fluorescently tagged molecules to probe molecular association stoichiometry, while the other exploits the color shift induced by FRET to also derive geometric information in addition to stoichiometry. The appeal of the first method stems from its sheer simplicity, while the strength of the second consists in its ability to provide structural information.
Potato Peels and Their Bioactive Glycoalkaloids and Phenolic Compounds Inhibit the Growth of Pathogenic Trichomonads

Potato peel, a waste product of the potato processing industry, is high in bioactive compounds. We investigated the in vitro antitrichomonad activity of potato peel powders prepared from commercial...
Malignant Hyperthermia: A Case Report in a Trauma Patient.

Malignant hyperthermia is a rare condition that occurs in susceptible patients exposed to triggering anesthetic agents. It is associated with a high mortality rate if not recognized immediately and treated appropriately. A 52-year-old man presented to our clinic 2 days after an assault for management of jaw pain. A minimally displaced right parasymphyseal fracture and moderately displaced left body fracture of the mandible were diagnosed. There were no known drug allergies. The patient reported no previous difficulty with anesthesia, as well as no known prior adverse reactions to anesthesia in any relatives. The planned surgical intervention was open reduction–internal fixation of bilateral mandibular fractures. The patient received succinylcholine and desflurane during the procedure. A full 70 minutes elapsed before initial signs of hypermetabolism were noted, namely a rise in end-tidal carbon dioxide level. The patient received dantrolene sodium approximately 120 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Signs of hypermetabolism began to abate within 45 minutes of commencement of the malignant hyperthermia treatment protocol. He was subsequently transferred to the surgical intensive care unit for continued management and had a favorable postoperative course. This case underscores the importance of awareness of malignant hyperthermia and its presentation. This condition carries a potential high risk of complications after exposure to triggering anesthetic agents. Taking a complete and detailed history may help to identify potential cases. In this case, it was subsequently discovered that the patient's biological sister had a nearly fatal reaction to general anesthesia several years before this incident. Intraoperative vigilance in the monitoring of vital signs cannot be overemphasized. An increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide values, in addition to other clinical signs that cannot be easily attributed to other causes, should increase the clinical index of suspicion for a diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia.
Driving CAR T cell translation forward

Successes in CAR T cell translation have propelled their commercial launch, but expanding the impact of cancer immunotherapies remains challenging.
Double UP: efficient in utero electroporation via internal controls

In Utero Electroporation is a powerful tool for testing the role of genes in neuronal migration, but this technique suffers from high degrees of variability due to multiple factors. Therefore, we developed Double UP, a novel approach that combines LoxP-flanked reporters and limiting Cre dosages to generate internal controls. This technique allows for more rigorous quantification of migration, while decreasing the number of animals, reagents and time to complete experiments.