cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The model selection criterion AICu

Abstract For regression and time series model selection, Hurvich and Tsai (1989) obtained a bias correction Akaike information criterion, AICc, which provides better model order choices than the Akaike information criterion, AIC (Akaike, 1973). In this paper, we propose an alternative improved regression model selection criterion, AICu, which is an approximate unbiased estimator of Kullback-Leibler information. We show that AICu is neither a consistent (Shibata, 1986) nor an efficient (Shibata, 1980, 1981) criterion. Our simulation studies indicate that the behavior of AICu is a compromise between that of efficient (AICc) and consistent (BIC, Akaike, 1978) criteria. Specifically, AICu performs better than AICc for moderate to large sample sizes except when the true model is of infinite order. In addition, it outperforms BIC except when a true model exists and the sample size is large.
Error analysis of reweighted l 1 greedy algorithm for noisy reconstruction

Sparse solutions for an underdetermined system of linear equations ? x = u can be found more accurately by l 1 -minimization type algorithms, such as the reweighted l 1 -minimization and l 1 greedy algorithms, than with analytical methods, in particular in the presence of noisy data. Recently, a generalized l 1 greedy algorithm was introduced and applied to signal and image recovery. Numerical experiments have demonstrated the convergence of the new algorithm and the superiority of the algorithm over the reweighted l 1 -minimization and l 1 greedy algorithms although the convergence has not yet been proven theoretically. In this paper, we provide an error bound for the reweighted l 1 greedy algorithm, a type of the generalized l 1 greedy algorithm, in the noisy case and show its improvement over the reweighted l 1 -minimization.
Is intra-articular pathology associated with MCL edema on MR imaging of the non-traumatic knee?

Edema surrounding the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is seen on MR imaging in patients with MCL injuries and in patients with radiographic osteoarthritis in the non-traumatic knee. Because we noted MCL edema in patients without prior trauma or osteoarthritis, we studied the association between intra-articular pathology and MCL edema in patients without knee trauma. We evaluated the MR examinations of 247 consecutive patients (121 male, 126 female with a mean age of 44 years) without recent trauma for the presence of edema surrounding the MCL, meniscal and ACL tears, medial meniscal extrusion, medial compartment chondromalacia, and osteoarthritis. The percentages of patients illustrating MCL edema with and without each type of pathology were compared using Fisher’s exact test to determine if there was a statistically significant association. We found MCL edema in 60% of 247 patients. MCL edema was present in 67% of patients with medial meniscal tears, 35% with lateral meniscal tears, 100% with meniscal extrusion of 3 mm or more, 78% with femoral chondromalacia, 82% with tibial chondromalacia, and 50% with osteoarthritis. The percentage of patients with edema increased with the severity of the chondromalacia. These associations were all statistically significant ( p <0.02). The mean age of those with MCL edema was 49.7 years compared with 34.9 years without MCL edema ( p <0.001). Patient gender and ACL tear did not correlate with MCL edema. Nine (4%) of the 247 patients had MCL edema without intra-articular pathology. None of these 9 patients had MCL tenderness or joint laxity on physical examination. We confirmed that MCL edema is associated with osteoarthritis, but is also associated with meniscal tears, meniscal extrusion, and chondromalacia. In addition, MCL edema can be seen in patients without intra-articular pathology, recent trauma or MCL abnormality on physical examination.
de Sitter's theory flattens Jupiter

The discrepancy between values of Jupiter's dynamic oblateness as measured by space probes and via 1971 beta Sco occultations is re-examined. The indicated correction to the Io ephemeris is compared to corrections proposed by Aksnes and Franklin (1975, 1976). It is found that the latter corrections reduce the above discrepancy to a marginal level.
Magnetic field melting of the charge-ordered state of La1/2Ca1/2MnO3: A local structure perspective

The local structure about the Mn site in the half-doped system La{sub 1/2}Ca{sub 1/2}MnO{sub 3} was measured in magnetic fields up 10 T to probe the melting of the charge-ordered state. Examination of the Mn-O and Mn-Mn correlations reveals three distinct regions in the structure-field diagram. A broad region with weak field dependence (mainly antiferromagnetic phase below 7.5 T), a narrow-mixed phase region near -8.5 T and a high-field ferromagnetic phase region with strong field-structure coupling are found. At high field the Mn-O radial distribution becomes Gaussian and the Mn-Mn correlations are enhanced -- consistent with the dominance of a ferromagnetic phase. Comparison of the structural measurements with transport and magnetization measurements suggests that the exponential changes in resistivity in the first region are dominated by the reordering of the moments on the Mn sites from CE type antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order with only a weak change in the local distortions of the MnO{sub 6} octahedra.
Optimal matrices describing linear systems.

If it is postulated that vector pairs (uy, vi) are related by the equation Xtii = t?j, where X is a matrix of suitable dimensions which also satisfies other stipulated conditions (for example, orthogonal or symmetric positive-definite), an experimental program, yielding approximations for the vector pairs, may be undertaken for the purpose of determining the matrix A. This paper considers the problem of making an optimal determination of X, several criteria of optimality being considered. A general methodology is shown. The problem has applications to all systems which can be modeled by such a matrix X. Two such applications are to the determination of spacecraft attitudes and to the determination of the stiffness matrix or the compliance matrix of an elastic structure.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients undergoing chronic dialysis.

Very limited data on percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with chronic renal failure is available. We describe the short- and long-term results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in a group of seven patients undergoing chronic dialysis. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was undertaken because of poorly controlled symptoms in five patients and reversible defects on thallium scintigraphy prior to major surgery in two patients. There were five men and two women, the mean age was 51 years (range 36–75). Six patients were on hemodialysis and one was receiving peritoneal dialysis. All seven patients had complicated baseline coronary stenosis morphology (AHA/ACC Class B-1). Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was successful in four patients (57%) and associated with complications in two patients (29%) including one death. Surviving patients were followed for a mean of 6 months (range 3–23 months). Of three surviving patients with initially successful PTCA, two developed restenosis. All three patients with unsuccessful PTCA underwent bypass surgery with one late death. Patients with chronic renal failure compose a high risk population for PTCA with a reduced success rate, an increased complication rate, and a high restenosis rate. (J Interven Cardiol 1993; 6:293–296)
Teachers’ Beliefs about Parent and Family Involvement: Rethinking our Family Involvement Paradigm

This article seeks to provide insights into the role of teacher beliefs about parent and family involvement in supporting or inhibiting parent and family participation in partnerships related to the well being of child and family. The authors aim to offer positive beliefs and strategies for developing nurturing relations between families and schools.
Exploration phenomena and the drive-reduction hypothesis.

(1962). Exploration Phenomena and the Drive-Reduction Hypothesis. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 101-104.
Solid-state physics: An insulator's metallic side

Certain insulators have conducting surfaces that arise from subtle chemical properties of the bulk material. The latest experiments suggest that such surfaces may compete with graphene in electronic applications.
The ESCRT Pathway in HIV Budding and Cell Division

Wes Sundquist, H.A. and Edna Benning Presidential Endowed Chair, Professor & Co-Chair in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Utah presented a lecture on Tuesday, January 31, 2012 from 11:00 AM to 12:00 PM in the Klaus Advanced Computing Building, Room 1116E.
Image processing in swallowing and speech research.

An image processing system for application to studies of the temporal and spatial parameters of movement during swallowing and speech is described. Image sequences from videotape are digitized for computerized manipulation and analysis in an attempt to improve on conventional visual inspection. The system is “interactive” or “event-driven”: after executing a function, the computer waits for guidance from the user who controls the program through keyboard and mouse input, selecting options from menus and responding to prompts. The analyst alters image clarity by the application of filters and heightens contrast through video enhancement. A technique called “remapping” reduces head motion and provides uniform spatial scaling. Animated sequences of images are used, as opposed to frame-by-frame analysis, to preserve temporal context and increase efficiency of measurement. Low cost off-the-shelf personal computer hardware is used along with original software tailored to the application.
Impact of broadband telecommunications on health care

In the health-care industry, medical imaging represents the largest potential application of broadband telecommunications technology. Health care is, of course, an enormous industry that today consumes about 13 % of the nation's gross national product (GNP). Competition in health care is based on service. Patients demand convenient access to medical facilities and prefer outpatient treatment. To facilitate easy access and outpatient care, the health-care industry needs an electronic infrastructure that provides both intraconnectivty and interconnectivity. Electronic local area networks allow imaging equipment to be intraconnected within hospitals and clinics. However, as health- care organizations set up facilities scattered throughout an urban or rural area, such as satellite hospitals, outpatient clinics, health maintenance organizations, and physician offices, these sites need to be electronically interconnected as well. Interconnection can link a specialist in the city with a patient in a rural area, at a military site, in a retirement village, or at a distant hospital or clinic. The infrastructure that provides interconnectivity is based on broadband telecommunications technology, such as frame relay, broadband ISDN (integrated services digital network), SONET/SDH (synchronous optical network/synchronous digital hierarchy), and ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switches.
12/15‐Lipoxygenase deficiency reduces densities of mesenchymal stem cells in the dermis of wounded and unwounded skin

Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote skin healing. 12/15-Lipoxgenase (LOX) is crucial in producing specific lipid mediators in wounded skin. The consequences of 12/15-LOX deficiency in MSC densities in skin are unknown. Objectives To determine the effect of 12/15-LOX deficiency in MSC densities in wounded and unwounded dermis. Methods Full-thickness skin incisional wounds were made to 12/15-LOX-deficient (12/15-LOX(-/-) ) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Wounded skin was collected at 3, 8, or 14 days postwounding (dpw). MSCs were analysed in skin sections using histology. 12S- or 15S-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) was analysed using a reversed-phase Chiral liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-tandem mass spectrometer. Results There were more stem cell antigen (Sca)1(+) CD29(+) MSCs (cells/field) at 3, 8, and 14 dpw, more Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs at 3 and 14 dpw in the wounded dermis, more MSCs in unwounded dermis of WT mice compared with 12/15-LOX(-/-) mice, and more MSCs in the wounded dermis than in the unwounded dermis. For 12/15-LOX(-/-) dermis, Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs peaked and Sca1(+) CD29(+) MSCs reached a flat level at 8 dpw. However, for the WT dermis, MSCs increased from 8 to 14 dpw. There were more Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs than Sca1(+) CD29(+) MSCs in the 12/15-LOX(-/-) wounded dermis at 8 dpw. However, there were more Sca1(+) CD29(+) MSCs in the 12/15-LOX(-/-) than Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs in the WT wounded dermis at 3 dpw, and Sca1(+) CD106(+) MSCs and Sca1(+) CD29(+) MSCs were at comparable levels in other conditions. 12/15-LOX deficiency suppressed levels of 12/15-LOX protein and their products, 12S-HETE and 15S-HETE, in wounds. Conclusions 12/15-LOX deficiency reduces MSC densities in the dermis, which correlates with the suppressed 12/15-LOX pathways in wounded and unwounded skin.
Social disparities in tree canopy and park accessibility: A case study of six cities in Illinois using GIS and remote sensing

Abstract Easy access to green space and the presence of lush tree canopy in neighborhoods provide substantial psychophysical benefits to residents. However, these urban amenities are often unevenly distributed between white and racial/ethnic minority residents. In this study, we investigated racial/ethnic disparities in access to parks and tree canopy using a geographic information system (GIS) and remote-sensing techniques in six Illinois cities. An accessibility index based on a new Google Maps application programming interface (API) was used to calculate walking distances between points of origins and parks, and integrated classification techniques were applied to calculate the amount of tree canopy. Kernel-smoothing function was applied to both canopy and park layers to transform point value to continuous surface value. Both ordinary regression and spatial regression were used to find the relationship. The results of this study show that racial/ethnic minorities have less tree canopy in their neighborhoods, but it did not find significant differences in terms of access to parks. Spatial regression was determined to be an effective modeling approach for the data used in this study. Methods used in this study can be extended to study accessibility to various destinations using different means of transit, and the results can guide intervention programs to help reduce environmental inequity.
Eternal inflation: the inside story

Motivated by the lessons of black hole complementarity, we develop a causal patch description of eternal inflation. We argue that an observer cannot ascribe a semiclassical geometry to regions outside his horizon, because the large-scale metric is governed by the fluctuations of quantum fields. In order to identify what is within the horizon, it is necessary to understand the late time asymptotics. Any given worldline will eventually exit from eternal inflation into a terminal vacuum. If the cosmological constant is negative, the universe crunches. If it is zero, then we find that the observer's fate depends on the mechanism of eternal inflation. Worldlines emerging from an eternal inflation phase driven by thermal fluctuations end in a singularity. By contrast, if eternal inflation ends by bubble nucleation, the observer can emerge into an asymptotic, locally flat region. As evidence that bubble collisions preserve this property, we present an exact solution describing the collision of two bubbles.
The influence of aminopterin administration on choline and formaldehyde oxidation by mouse liver.

Abstract Administration of aminopterin to mice causes a marked reduction in the oxidation of choline and formaldehyde by liver homogenates. The anaerobic oxidation of choline by ferricyanide is affected to only a slight degree. Diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) increases the endogenous respiration of livers from normal and aminopterin-treated mice essentially the same amount. The DPN-stimulation of choline oxidation by livers from aminopterin-treated mice is far below the corresponding value in normal mice. The results suggest that ferricyanide relieves aminopterin inhibition either by non-enzymatic oxidation of DPN or of an unknown component which functions prior to the cytochrome oxidase system. Succinoxidase, cytochrome oxidase, and malic dehydrogenase are not influenced by aminopterin administration.
Intracranial hemorrhage following attempted embolization and removal of large arteriovenous malformations

Two cases of intracranial hemorrhage following staged flow reduction procedures for large arteriovenous malformations are presented. Possible causes of bleeding in these cases are discussed. We suggest that the staged removal of large arteriovenous malformations may not prevent hemorrhagic complications in certain cases.
Interactions Among Calcium, Zinc and Phytate with Three Protein Sources

Various combinations of calcium (4.94 mmol), zinc (0.0071 mmol) and phytate (0.284 mmol) were added either to soy concentrate, casein or torula yeast to determine effects of their interaction on in vitro solubility of protein, calcium, zinc, and phytate (PA). Two Ca sources, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium-citrate-malate complex (CCM) were used. Two pH levels, 2.0 and 5.5, were used to simulate gastrointestinal pH conditions. An increase in pH significantly reduced (P<0.01) Zn solubility in all treatments with all protein sources. The solubility of Ca and PA were significantly decreased (P< 0.01) when both components were present probably due to formation of insoluble Ca-PA complexes. At pH 5.5, with casein and yeast proteins, Zn was significantly more (P< 0.01) soluble in samples with CCM, in the absence of PA, than in those with CaCO3.
Small intestinal stem cell markers

Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine but remain elusive in many tissues, including the small intestine, where it is well accepted that the epithelium is maintained by intestinal stem cells located in the crypts. The lack of established markers to prospectively identify intestinal stem cells has necessitated the use of indirect analysis, e.g. long-term label retention, which is based on the hypothesis that intestinal stem cells are slow-cycling. Several intestinal stem cell markers have been proposed, including Musashi-1, BMPR1α, phospho-PTEN, DCAMKL1, Eph receptors and integrins, but their validity, using functional and/or lineage tracing assays, has yet to be confirmed. Recently, Lgr5 has been identified by lineage tracing as an intestinal stem cell marker. In this review we summarize what is known about the currently reported intestinal stem cell markers and provide a rationale for developing model systems whereby intestinal stem cells can be functionally validated.
Comparison of plateletpheresis with a standard and an improved collection device

A blood cell separator with a specialized separation chamber ([TNX-6]CS-3000 Plus) was developed for the collection of platelet concentrates with higher platelet yields and lower white cell contamination than obtained with the standard blood cell separator (CS-3000). To compare these devices, normal donors were scheduled for paired plateletpheresis procedures spaced 4 weeks apart, with one procedure using the CS-3000 Plus and the other using the CS-3000. Overall, the platelet yield per unit (mean +/- SEM) was 4.3 +/- 0.1 x 10(11) with the CS-3000 Plus versus 3.7 +/- 0.1 x 10(11) with the CS-3000 (p or = 200 x 10(9) per L (n = 21) were studied separately, 76 percent of the collections by the CS-3000 Plus contained > or = 4 x 10(11) platelets versus 34 percent of those by the CS-3000 (p < 0.01), and 93 percent of the collections by the former contained < 5 x 10(6) white cells (69% contained < 1 x 10(6)) versus 0 percent of those by the latter (p < 0.01). Thus, platelet collections with the TNX-6 chamber consistently demonstrated high platelet yields and strikingly low white cell contamination--qualities that justify converting standard devices to devices with a TNX-6 chamber.
Open-air schools.

Open-air schools were initiated in 1908 and maintained through the 1930s to treat children with tuberculosis while meeting their educational needs. During this period, treatment of tuberculosis was accomplished in sanitoriums where patients, both adults and children, were isolated and exposed to fresh air and rest. Isolating and institutionalizing children made it difficult for them to obtain schooling. The open-air schools were seen as a method of educating children with tuberculosis while treating them with fresh air, rest, and nutritious food. Although early reports of the effects of open-air schools were positive, student outcome studies reported conflicting results. Some student health outcomes improved, but reports of academic outcomes were inconsistent, leading to their closure between 1938 and 1941. Nursing roles were limited, but nurses were well prepared to participate in the open-air schools by providing health education, maintaining health records, monitoring student health outcomes, and coordinating the services provided to the students. Nurses can learn from our history and hopefully avoid the missed opportunities of yesteryear.
Documentation: A Hard to Reach Place.

Some educators experience difficulty documenting young children’s work in early childhood settings because of a limited understanding of the importance of documentation, what or how to document, and the effective use of documentation; limited resources (time, tools, and assistance); or predetermined curricular guidelines. Some teachers, especially inexperienced early years teachers, have trouble engaging with children and documenting simultaneously, revealing a crucial misunderstanding about the purpose of documenting. Teachers at Reggio Emilia-inspired schools throughout the United States use many forms of documentation to enhance the qualities of children’s experiences in preschool classrooms. This article addresses the dilemmas teachers face in implementing documentation in order to assist them as they move from standards-based teaching and teacher-determined content to a more constructivist approach to teaching. Ideas for using documentation shared by the authors will allow young children to construct their own knowledge and curiosity, making learning more meaningful to them and more visible to others.
Perioperative risks associated with the operative treatment of clavicle fractures

Abstract Background Clavicle fractures are a common injury among young adults who were historically treated non-operatively with satisfactory outcomes. However, more recent studies have shown a higher nonunion rate for displaced clavicle fractures treated conservatively. The purpose of this study is to investigate the midterm complications, clinical outcomes and overall patient satisfaction after osteosynthesis of midshaft clavicular fractures. Patients and methods A total of 37 patients treated for a clavicle fracture from January 2007 to December 2008 with at least 12 months’ follow-up were identified from a billing code search. At the latest follow-up appointment, the patients completed the Constant Shoulder, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale (DASH) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2.0 (SF36v2) functional outcome surveys as well as a custom questionnaire to assess hand dominance, employment status, the amount of time taken before returning to work, the presence of numbness around the incision site (a surrogate marker of a supraclavicular nerve palsy), whether the patient desired the plate removed and/or if it was worth another surgery. Results With regard to the functional outcome surveys, the average DASH score was 11.8 ± 16.4, the Constant score was 93.3 ± 7.2, the SF36v2 physical component summary (PCS) was 50.7 ± 10.1 and the SF36v2 mental component summary (MCS) 50.6 ± 11.2. From the custom questionnaire, 27 patients (73%) found their cosmetic appearance acceptable while the remaining 10 patients (27%) were bothered by the appearance of the plate. The average time to return to work was 82.1 ± 77.4 days. There were no infections, refractures or nonunions of the clavicle. Conclusion As the relative indications for open reduction and internal fixation of clavicle fractures become more popular, such as cosmetic concerns or faster recovery, we wish to demonstrate that the procedure is not without risks, including implant discomfort requiring a subsequent operation for removal, numbness around the incision site and infection. Despite these risks, patients tend to be satisfied with the procedure and are able to function at levels equal to that of the general population. The purpose of this study is not to recommend for or against operative treatment of clavicle fractures but merely to demonstrate risks associated with the procedure.
On the Wess-Zumino-Witten models on the torus

Abstract We discuss the Ward identities of the Wess-Zumino-Witten models on Riemann surfaces and point out some ambiguities in the description of the zero modes of the currents. In the case of the torus, we show how to describe them and we write the Ward identities in such a way that they become complete. We examine in detail how the Ward identities are related to the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition. As an illustration of this formulation, we present a new proof of the Weyl-Kac character formula. The proof essentially relies on the mixed Virasoro × Kac-Moody Ward identities and explains the relation of the heat equation on the group manifold to the Weyl-Kac character formula.
Molecular Genetics and Its Application to Cardiac Muscle Disease

The application of the techniques of recombinant DNA and molecular biology to molecular genetics has made it possible to identify any disease-related gene in which there is a family of 2 or more generations with 10 or more living affected individuals. Several genes have been identified that are responsible for cardiomyopathies and of particular interest is familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which is the most common cause of death in the athlete. Pre-screening for genetic abnormalities will be possible prior to the development of symptoms and, ultimately, such testing will also be used to specify the type of exercise to be recommended for different types of athletic training or exercise needs.
What variables are associated with successful weight loss outcomes for bariatric surgery after 1 year

Abstract Background Prior evidence indicates that predictors of weight loss outcomes after gastric bypass surgery fall within 5 domains: 1) presurgical factors, 2) postsurgical psychosocial variables (e.g., support group attendance), 3) postsurgical eating patterns, 4) postsurgical physical activity, and 5) follow-up at postsurgical clinic. However, little data exist on which specific behavioral predictors are most associated with successful outcomes (e.g.,≥50% excess weight loss) when considering the 5 domains simultaneously. The objective of this study was to specify the behavioral variables, and their respective cutoff points, most associated with successful weight loss outcomes. Methods Signal detection analysis evaluated associations between 84 pre- and postsurgical behavioral variables (within the 5 domains) and successful weight loss at≥1 year in 274 postgastric bypass surgery patients. Results Successful weight loss was highest (92.6%) among those reporting dietary adherence of>3 on a 9-point scale (median = 5) who grazed no more than once-per-day. Among participants reporting dietary adherence 2 . Success rates also doubled for participants with dietary adherence=3 if attending support groups. No variables from the physical activity or postsurgical follow-up domains were significant, nor were years since surgery. The overall model's sensitivity=.62, specificity=.92. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously consider the relative contribution of behavioral variables within 5 domains and offer clinicians an assessment algorithm identifying cut-off points for behaviors most associated with successful postsurgical weight loss. Such data may inform prospective study designs and postsurgical interventions.
A study of the central auditory processes in stutterers using the Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) Test battery.

The performance of a group of stutterers (n = 14) and a group of nonstutterers (n = 14) was compared on the Synthetic Sentence Identification Test (Speaks and Jerger, 1965). The test is designed to...
Comprehensive Assignments of 1H- and 13C-NMR Signals of End-Functional Polyisobutylenes Using Spin-Lattice Relaxation Times and 2D 1H- 13C Hetcor Spectroscopy

Abstract The analysis of 13C spin-lattice relaxation times (T 1′s) provides a direct method for the assignment of 13C-NMR signals of the end groups of polymers. The 13C T 1′s of polyisobutylenes bearing tert-butyl, tert-chloride, exo-olefin, alcohol, aldehyde, and acetal end groups have been determined, and all the signals in their 13C-NMR spectra were assigned according to the gradient of T 1 along the polymer chain with the minimum in the middle. The assignments are in excellent agreement with those established by other techniques, which indicates the reliability of this novel method for the characterization of various end groups in polyisobutylenes. 13C T 1 analysis has also been used to obtain assignments for internal polyisobutylene segments adjacent to aromatic initiator residues. The method provides insight into the interaction of hydroxyl end groups of alcohol-capped PIBs, and allows identification of the low molecular weight impurities in the polymers. Assignments of all the 1H-NMR signals of the...
Patient Care and Expectations for Recovery After Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization

Transmyocardial laser revascularization is an investigational cardiovascular surgical procedure that has been trialed in the United States since 1991. The procedure involves the use of a high-energy carbon dioxide (CO2) laser to penetrate ischemic myocardium of the left ventricle. The successful formation of patent laser channels results in the formation of a new circulation within the myocardium. This angiogenesis has shown to improve perfusion to the previously oxygen-deprived tissue. To date, more than 500 patients have undergone this procedure in the United States, and approximately 1,500 cases have been performed in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The perioperative nursing care for these patients is multifaceted, including, but not limited to, the need for noninvasive assessment skills, effective pain management, and thorough discharge teaching. Unlike other cardiovascular procedures, this surgery does not immediately repair the ischemic areas; recovery is an insidious process. A realistic understanding of this surgery is needed to assist the patient throughout his or her hospitalization and to properly prepare the individual for expectations of recovery after discharge.
Immunogold localization of actin in developing photoreceptor cilia of normal and rds mutant mice

Abstract Recent immunocytochemical studies have localized actin to the distal cilium of mature vertebrate photoreceptors. Since this is the site where the ciliary plasma membrane evaginates to form new outer segment discs, the results suggest that an actin-mediated contractile mechanism or cytoskeletal network might regulate some aspect of outer segment disc morphogenesis. In the present study, immunoelectron microscopy was used to localize actin to the developing cilia of normal and rds mutant mouse photoreceptors. In normal mice, actin could not be localized to newly projecting cilia, but an actin-rich domain was demonstrated within the distal, bulbous ending of elongated cilia just prior to outer segment development. These results suggest that actin is not important for ciliary growth, but that it may be necessary for the subsequent differentiation of an outer segment. In the rds mutant mouse, there is an absence of outer segment formation, although cilia appear to develop normally. Rhodamine phalloidin staining of cryostat sections demonstrated a normal F-actin distribution within the rds retina. Utilizing immunogold labeling of developing rds photoreceptors, actin was localized to the distal, bulbous ending of elongated cilia. This result indicates that actin is situated within its normal domain in rds cilia.
Single versus multiple sets of resistance exercise: a meta-regression

There has been considerable debate over the optimal number of sets per exercise to improve musculoskeletal strength during a resistance exercise program. The purpose of this study was to use hierarchical, random-effects meta-regression to compare the effects of single and multiple sets per exercise on dynamic strength. English-language studies comparing single with multiple sets per exercise, while controlling for other variables, were considered eligible for inclusion. The analysis comprised 92 effect sizes (ESs) nested within 30 treatment groups and 14 studies. Multiple sets were associated with a larger ES than a single set (difference = 0.26 +/- 0.05; confidence interval [CI]: 0.15, 0.37; p < 0.0001). In a dose-response model, 2 to 3 sets per exercise were associated with a significantly greater ES than 1 set (difference = 0.25 +/- 0.06; CI: 0.14, 0.37; p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference between 1 set per exercise and 4 to 6 sets per exercise (difference = 0.35 +/- 0.25; CI: -0.05, 0.74; p = 0.17) or between 2 to 3 sets per exercise and 4 to 6 sets per exercise (difference = 0.09 +/- 0.20; CI: -0.31, 0.50; p = 0.64). There were no interactions between set volume and training program duration, subject training status, or whether the upper or lower body was trained. Sensitivity analysis revealed no highly influential studies, and no evidence of publication bias was observed. In conclusion, 2 to 3 sets per exercise are associated with 46% greater strength gains than 1 set, in both trained and untrained subjects.
The Dynamic Conformational Cycle of the Group I Chaperonin C-Termini Revealed via Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Chaperonins are large ring shaped oligomers that facilitate protein folding by encapsulation within a central cavity. All chaperonins possess flexible C-termini which protrude from the equatorial domain of each subunit into the central cavity. Biochemical evidence suggests that the termini play an important role in the allosteric regulation of the ATPase cycle, in substrate folding and in complex assembly and stability. Despite the tremendous wealth of structural data available for numerous orthologous chaperonins, little structural information is available regarding the residues within the C-terminus. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations are presented which localize the termini throughout the nucleotide cycle of the group I chaperonin, GroE, from Escherichia coli. The simulation results predict that the termini undergo a heretofore unappreciated conformational cycle which is coupled to the nucleotide state of the enzyme. As such, these results have profound implications for the mechanism by which GroE utilizes nucleotide and folds client proteins.
Spectroscopic investigation of tetrachlorocuprate(II) salts of aminopyridinium cations

Five substituted pyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II) salts have been prepared and characterized. Infrared studies clearly indicate a substantial interaction between the chloro ligands and the pyridinium hydrogens as well as substituent amine hydrogens. Electronic and electron spin resonance spectra both indicate similar distortion from planar (or tetrahedral) symmetry for all five salts. A fit of D2d energy levels with the three possible d–d absorption bands shows that the angle of distortion is between 65 and 67 degrees.
The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood

Abstract To determine whether the effects of low-level lead exposure persist, we reexamined 132 of 270 young adults who had initially been studied as primary schoolchildren in 1975 through 1978. In the earlier study, neurobehavioral functioning was found to be inversely related to dentin lead levels. As compared with those we restudied, the other 138 subjects had had somewhat higher lead levels on earlier analysis, as well as significantly lower IQ scores and poorer teachers' ratings of classroom behavior. When the 132 subjects were reexamined in 1988, impairment in neurobehavioral function was still found to be related to the lead content of teeth shed at the ages of six and seven. The young people with dentin lead levels >20 ppm had a markedly higher risk of dropping out of high school (adjusted odds ratio, 7.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 40.7) and of having a reading disability (odds ratio, 5.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 19.7) as compared with those with dentin lead levels <10 ...
Formation and Properties of Responsive Siloxane‐Based Polymeric Surfaces with Tunable Surface Reconstruction Kinetics

Here, the formation of responsive polymeric materials with tunable response time is reported. These structures are fabricated by chemically modifying poly(vinylmethyl siloxane) (PVMS) networks with alkanethiols bearing a hydrophilic end-group (–COOH or –OH). The response time is facilitated by the liquid nature of the PVMS backbone and increases with increase in length of the methylene spacer (–CH2)n– in the alkanethiol pendent group. While for n ¼2 and 6, the surface reconstructs almost instantaneously, specimens with n ¼11 resist reconstruction because of strong van der Waals forces, leading to the formation of semi-crystalline regions. It is demonstrated that the responsive nature of PVMS–S–(CH2)11OH can be fine-tuned by varying the temperature; it possesses a faster response at temperatures above the melting point of the –S–(CH2)11OH moiety.
Integrating Service Learning and Difficult Dialogues Pedagogy to Advance Social Justice Training

The integration of service learning and difficult dialogues pedagogy is one avenue for enhancing counseling psychology social justice training. We provide an illustration of this integrative model including advocacy and systems perspectives, and propose that the model can be applied to other service learning foci within counseling psychology training. The article presents an ongoing project that provides counseling graduate students the opportunity to implement skills in career and employment counseling with homeless and near homeless individuals, as well as to develop greater cultural sensitivity and humility. The model provides a structural framework for understanding poverty, homelessness, and bureaucratic systems of care as essential to knowledge, awareness, and skill development for social justice advocacy regarding social class and economic inequalities. Difficult dialogues are incorporated during pre-service, engagement, and debriefing stages of the training experience as a means of promoting best ...
The Influence of Hormones and Other Substances on Lens Regeneration in vitro

Culturing the dorsal iris epithelium of a newt with a pituitary gland in organ culture greatly enhances the ability of the iris epithelium to produce advanced lens regenerates in vitro. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which the pituitary enhances lens regeneration irido-corneal complexes from adult newts were cultured in medium to which various substances had been added either singly or in numerous combinations. Prolactin, insulin, hydrocortisone, and thyroxine failed to enhance the production of advanced lens regenerates in any of the doses or combinations tested. Similarly, addition of 50 μg/ml of sodium or calcium ascorbate had no effect on the progress of lens regeneration in vitro. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic-AMP caused an inhibition of depigmentation and regeneration at high doses. The results of these experiments show that the effects of the pituitary cannot be duplicated by hormones which other authors have asserted to be beneficial to limb or tail regenerates in vitro. The results with cyclic AMP suggest that prolonged exposure to high doses of cyclic AMP inhibit regeneration and indicate that further studies on the fluctations in cyclic AMP levels throughout the process of lens regeneration must be done.
ETB PUTS THE SQUEEZE ON PILLAR CELLS

![Figure][1] Endothelians are a family of three peptide hormones (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3) with cardiovascular functions that are mediated by two main receptor subtypes, ETA and ETB. In mammals, ETA is responsible for vasoconstriction in blood vessels while ETB is believed to facilitate their
High-energy, small angle elastic scattering of strongly interacting composite particles

Starting from a simple-minded formulation of the Glauber model of the high energy multiple scattering of strongly interacting composite particles, several generalizations and limiting expressions are derived for the elastic scattering amplitudes at small scattering angles. An extensive discussion of the many possible applications to nucleon-nucleus, nucleus-nucleus and other composite hadron elastic scattering processes is given.
Anticholinergic Drugs in Nonallergic Rhinitis

The parasympathetic nervous system contributes to the pathophysiology of multiple forms of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system leads to glandular activation, which produces watery secretions. In excess, these secretions discharge from the anterior Nares and produce the symptom of watery anterior rhinorrhea. Review of literature. Treatment with topical, intranasal anticholinergic drugs inhibits activation of the nasal mucosal glands and is effective in reducing the watery secretions associated with parasympathetic stimulation of the glands with little, if any, effect on the symptoms of congestion and sneezing. In general, these drugs have no systemic adverse effects, but can cause crusting and local irritation. Anticholinergic drugs are useful for the treatment of anterior rhinorrhea associated with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.
A class of distributions generated from distributions of exponential type

A class of exponential type distributions with special exponential parameters is defined. It is assumed that the exponential parameters vary according to some (known) probability law. It has been shown in this paper that the compound distribution can be easily represented in form involving moment generating function of the mixing distribution. The results obtained in this paper provide an efficient and simple method of obtaining compound failure time distribution with known mixing distributions (uniform, exponential, gamma).
Delay-range-dependent exponential stability for switched time-varying delay systems

In this paper, delay-range-dependent exponential stability for a class of switched time-varying delay systems has been studied. A descriptor representation is given and Lyapunov-Krasovskii technique is used to analyze the switched control systems with time-varying delay in a range. A delay-range-dependent criterion is presented, which guarantee the exponential stability of switched time delay systems. The delay-range-dependent exponential stability is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) solution under a certain switching signal to be designed.
The Strain Index and ACGIH TLV for HAL Risk of Trigger Digit in the WISTAH Prospective Cohort

Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the association between job physical exposure (JPE) and incidence of flexor tendon entrapment of the digits (FTED).Background:FTED, commonly known as trigger digit, is associated with age, gender, and certain health disorders. Although JPE has been suggested as a risk factor for FTED, there are no prospective cohort studies.Method:A cohort of 516 workers was enrolled from 10 diverse manufacturing facilities and followed monthly for 6 years. Worker demographics, medical history, and symptoms of FTED were assessed. JPE was individually measured using the Strain Index (SI) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value for hand activity level (TLV for HAL). Changes in JPE (assessed quarterly) and symptoms (assessed monthly) were recorded during follow-up. FTED was defined as demonstrated triggering on examination.Results:Point prevalence of FTED at baseline was 3.6%. During follow-up there were 23 incident F...
Continuous diagnosis of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition reactors using evidence integration

A diagnostic system is presented that uses the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidential reasoning theory to conduct real-time malfunction diagnosis on semiconductor processing equipment. This is accomplished by combing the continuous stream of information that originates from maintenance status records, from real-time sensor measurements, and from the differences between inline measurements and values predicted by equipment models. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated on an low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor used for the deposition of undoped polysilicon
Source Code Retrieval for Bug Localization Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation

In bug localization, a developer uses information about a bug to locate the portion of the source code to modify to correct the bug. Developers expend considerable effort performing this task. Some recent static techniques for automatic bug localization have been built around modern information retrieval (IR) models such as latent semantic indexing (LSI); however, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a modular and extensible IR model, has significant advantages over both LSI and probabilistic LSI (pLSI). In this paper we present an LDA-based static technique for automating bug localization. We describe the implementation of our technique and three case studies that measure its effectiveness. For two of the case studies we directly compare our results to those from similar studies performed using LSI. The results demonstrate our LDA-based technique performs at least as well as the LSI-based techniques for all bugs and performs better, often significantly so, than the LSI-based techniques for most bugs.
Using "CaveUT" to build immersive displays with the unreal tournament engine and a PC cluster

CaveUT is a set of software modifications to the graphically powerful game Unreal Tournament (UT). This demonstration uses CaveUT to drive a portable PC-based two-screen monoscopic immersive display. (fig 1) Each screen can rest in any orientation to the viewer and will appear to be a window (or window facet) looking into a single virtual world. Each screen is driven by a standard PC running a UT client, with an extra PC acting as both server and operator console. This design demonstrates methods which can be used to build larger displays with up to 32 screens. Hardware consists of standard PCs, low-cost digital projectors and common hardware, much of which could even be borrowed for a temporary installation. Furthermore, UT is an effective software platform for developing VR applications. Advanced authoring tools (3DS Maxx and Maya) built-in authoring support and a great deal of freeware content are available for UT. Researchers have used UT and its competitor "Quake" for scientific research. (Lewis & Jacobson, 2002) CaveUT is open-source freeware available at http://planetjeff.net, while UT itself is inexpensive and partially open source. The purpose of CaveUT is to provide an affordable way for researchers to build immersive displays.
Generation of an intense cold-atom beam from a pyramidal magneto-optical trap: experiment and simulation

An intense cold-atom beam source based on a modified pyramidal magneto-optical trap has been developed and characterized. We have produced a slow beam of cold cesium atoms with a continuous flux of 2.2× 10^9 atoms/s at a mean velocity of 15 m/s and with a divergence of 15 mrad. The corresponding radiant intensity is 1.2×10^13 atom s^−1 sr^−1. We have characterized the performance of our beam source over a range of operating conditions, and the measured values for atom flux, mean velocity, and divergence are in good agreement with results from detailed Monte Carlo numerical simulations.