cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of yeast extract in reducing intestinal Clostridium perfringens levels in broiler chickens

The etiological agent of necrotic enteritis is Clostridium perfringens. Traditionally, necrotic enteritis is controlled with in-feed antibiotics. However, increasing consumer demand for drug-free poultry has fostered the search for nonantibiotic alternatives. Yeast extract contain nucleotides that are immunomodulatory and also essential for cellular functions. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NuPro yeast extract (Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) in reducing intestinal C. perfringens levels in broiler chickens. One hundred ninety-two 1-d-old male broiler chicks were obtained and randomly assigned to 6 treatments in a battery cage trial. Treatment 1 consisted of chicks fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (BD) without added bacitracin methylene disalicylate or NuPro. Treatment 2 consisted of chicks fed BD into which bacitracin methylene disalicylate was added at 0.055 g/kg. Treatment 3 consisted of chicks fed BD supplemented with NuPro at a 2% level for the first 10 d of the experiment. Treatments 4 (PX), 5, and 6 (PN) consisted of chicks that were challenged with 3 mL of the C. perfringens inoculum (~10(7) cfu/mL) on d 14, 15, and 16 of the experiment and fed diets similar to treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. On d 1 and 7 postchallenge, intestinal C. perfringens levels, lesion scores, and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed. On d 1 postchallenge, C. perfringens level in treatment 5 (2.09 log(10) cfu/g) was lower (P < 0.05) compared with the PX treatment (4.71 log(10) cfu/g) but similar to the PN treatment (2.98 log(10) cfu/g). A similar trend was observed on d 7 postchallenge. NuPro supplementation enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) in C. perfringens-challenged chicks and appeared to reduce intestinal lesion scores. Although dietary supplementation of NuPro in the PN treatment reduced C. perfringens levels by 1.73 and 0.68 log(10) cfu/g compared with the PX treatment on d 1 and 7 postchallenge, respectively, these reductions were not significant. Extending the period of NuPro supplementation beyond the first 10 d of life should be considered for achieving significant reduction in intestinal C. perfringensg levels.
Detection of changes in material-specific memory following temporal lob ectomy using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised

To determine the utility of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) in measuring material-specific memory changes, within-subject comparisons of the Verbal-Visual Memory Index discrepancy and discrepancy scores using short-term and delayed Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests from the WMS-R were studied prior to and following temporal lobectomy among 30 patients with left temporal lobectomy, 30 with right temporal lobectomy, and 50 epileptic, non-surgical controls. The groups were matched on age, sex, handedness, age at seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, and presurgical Verbal and Performance IQ; the right temporal group had a higher mean educational level (p <.05). All surgical patients were left hemisphere dominant for speech; those who had persistent postoperative seizures were excluded from study. On retesting, left temporal lobectomy was associated with a marked change in short-term and delayed memory discrepancy scores primarily due to a drop in verbal memory. Right temporal lobectomy was not associated with a drop in visual memory, suggesting that the WMS-R appears to reflect decrements in material-specific memory following left but not right temporal lobectomy. The nonsurgical controls showed increases in both short-term and delayed memory discrepancy scores due to increases in short-term and delayed verbal memory. Relative to these controls, the absence of comparable increases in verbal memory among the right temporal patients suggests that right temporal lobectomy may be associated with risk to verbal memory.
Using Sport for Social Change: Theory into Practice

Research suggests that sport can be used for social change. Unfortunately, sexism, racism, elitism, and homophobia are still often seen in sport settings. This article offers one example of how a situation in sport can create teachable moments and really bring about social change.
Mechatronic system design at Rensselaer

Fast-paced industry technologies originally demanded more of a mechatronic education than the academic arena was easily and comprehensibly able to provide: Traditional curricula in mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering are mutually exclusive, and within these disciplines the area of control system design is largely split among them, resulting in either a highly specialized or disparately bridged educational experience. However, emerging technologies increasingly demand conceptualization, communication, design, and fabrication skills in each field simultaneously. As a polytechnic institute, Rensselaer is meeting this challenge by augmenting students' educational experience with the necessary principles of mechatronic design and recruiting industry to provide direct motivation through interactive collaboration on relevant, current-day problem solutions under the mechatronic paradigm. In this article we present some of the tactics and examples we have successfully used to extend the practical knowledge and skills of our graduates to fluency and proficiency in synergistic, mechatronic design. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of overt and silent study on recall of visual information by head-injured patients.

A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to examine the immediate recall of traumatic head-injured and hospitalized controls under two conditions of study. Subjects recalled details from pictures that wer...
Biogenesis and function of fibrillin assemblies.

Fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 are large cysteine-rich glycoproteins that serve two key physiological functions: as supporting structures that impart tissue integrity and as regulators of signaling events that instruct cell performance. The structural role of fibrillins is exerted through the temporal and hierarchical assembly of microfibrils and elastic fibers, whereas the instructive role reflects the ability of fibrillins to sequester transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) complexes in the extracellular matrix. Characterization of fibrillin mutations in human patients and in genetically engineered mice has demonstrated that perturbation of either function manifests in disease. More generally, these studies have indicated that fibrillins are integral components of a broader biological network of extracellular, cell surface, and signaling molecules that orchestrate morphogenetic and homeostatic programs in multiple organ systems. They have also suggested that the relative composition of fibrillin-rich microfibrils imparts contextual specificity to TGFβ and BMP signaling by concentrating the ligands locally so as to regulate cell differentiation within a spatial context during organ formation (positive regulation) and by restricting their bioavailability so as to modulate cell performance in a timely fashion during tissue remodeling/repair (negative regulation). Correlative evidence suggests functional coupling of the cell-directed assembly of microfibrils and targeting of TGFβ and BMP complexes to fibrillins. Hence, the emerging view is that fibrillin-rich microfibrils are molecular integrators of structural and instructive signals, with TGFβ and BMPs as the nodal points that convert extracellular inputs into discrete and context-dependent cellular responses.
Outcomes after suboccipital decompression without dural opening in children with Chiari malformation Type I.

OBJECT Symptomatic pediatric Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is most often treated with posterior fossa decompression (PFD), but controversy exists over whether the dura needs to be opened during PFD. While dural opening as a part of PFD has been suggested to result in a higher rate of resolution of CM symptoms, it has also been shown to lead to more frequent complications. In this paper, the authors present the largest reported series of outcomes after PFD without dural opening surgery, as well as identify risk factors for recurrence. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of 156 consecutive pediatric patients in whom the senior authors performed PFD without dural opening from 2003 to 2013. Patient demographics, clinical symptoms and signs, radiographic findings, intraoperative ultrasound results, and neuromonitoring findings were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for recurrence of symptoms and the need for reoperation. RESULTS Over 90% of patients had a good clinical outcome, with improvement or resolution of their symptoms at last follow-up (mean 32 months). There were no major complications. The mean length of hospital stay was 2.0 days. In a multivariate regression model, partial C-2 laminectomy was an independent risk factor associated with reoperation (p = 0.037). Motor weakness on presentation was also associated with reoperation but only with trend-level significance (p = 0.075). No patient with 90%) of children with symptomatic CM-I will have improvement or resolution of symptoms after a PFD without dural opening. A non-dural opening approach avoids major complications. While no patient with tonsillar herniation < 8 mm required reoperation, children with tonsillar herniation at or below C-2 have a higher risk for failure when this approach is used.
Eosinophils Preserve Parasitic Nematode Larvae by Regulating Local Immunity

Eosinophils play important roles in regulation of cellular responses under conditions of homeostasis or infection. Intestinal infection with the parasitic nematode, Trichinella spiralis, induces a pronounced eosinophilia that coincides with establishment of larval stages in skeletal muscle. We have shown previously that in mouse strains in which the eosinophil lineage is ablated, large numbers of T. spiralis larvae are killed by NO, implicating the eosinophil as an immune regulator. In this report, we show that parasite death in eosinophil-ablated mice correlates with reduced recruitment of IL-4(+) T cells and enhanced recruitment of inducible NO synthase (iNOS)-producing neutrophils to infected muscle, as well as increased iNOS in local F4/80(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) macrophages. Actively growing T. spiralis larvae were susceptible to killing by NO in vitro, whereas mature larvae were highly resistant. Growth of larvae was impaired in eosinophil-ablated mice, potentially extending the period of susceptibility to the effects of NO and enhancing parasite clearance. Transfer of eosinophils into eosinophil-ablated ΔdblGATA mice restored larval growth and survival. Regulation of immunity was not dependent upon eosinophil peroxidase or major basic protein 1 and did not correlate with activity of the IDO pathway. Our results suggest that eosinophils support parasite growth and survival by promoting accumulation of Th2 cells and preventing induction of iNOS in macrophages and neutrophils. These findings begin to define the cellular interactions that occur at an extraintestinal site of nematode infection in which the eosinophil functions as a pivotal regulator of immunity.
Pyarthrosis of the small joints of the hand resulting in arthrodesis or amputation.

Purpose A septic joint is a cartilage-threatening emergency requiring prompt treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes of septic arthritis of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with joint infection between 1976 and 2008. The end point included the number of arthrodeses and amputations performed. Results Septic joints were identified in 110 patients. All patients had incision and irrigation and debridement (I and D) of the joint. The infection was successfully treated in 83 of 110 patients. The majority of septic joints (73 of 83 patients) treated successfully with I and D had only a penetrating joint injury. Forty-eight of these patients required more than one I and D to eradicate the infection. The remaining 27 of 110 patients required either arthrodesis (13 patients) or amputation (14 patients) despite I and D. Among the 13 patients requiring arthrodesis, postoperative infection (7 patients) accounted for the majority of septic joints. Of the 14 patients requiring amputation, penetrating joint injury accounted for the majority of septic joints. Overall, those patients requiring more than 3 I and D procedures were at higher risk of arthrodesis or amputation. Increasing comorbidities correlated with worsening outcomes. Conclusions Pyarthrosis can often be treated successfully with 1 or more I and D procedures. Despite multiple I and D procedures, 27 patients required either arthrodesis or amputation. The time to diagnosis and treatment, the number of I and D procedures, patient comorbidities, and postoperative infection following non-joint surgery are major factors influencing outcome. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic III.
A study of nail bed injuries: Causes, treatment, and prognosis

Two hundred ninety-nine nail bed injuries were studied over a 5 1/2-year period. Methods of repair were described. Follow-up was obtained for 184 injuries. The injuries were defined, categorized, and analyzed according to defined result categories and results were graded from excellent to poor. Ninety percent of the repaired nail beds were graded good to excellent. Poorer results occurred with crush or avulsion injuries, with injuries of both nail bed and nail fold, and with associated infection.
Quantitative study of spin-flip cotunneling transport in a quantum dot

We report detailed transport measurements in a quantum dot in a spin-flip cotunneling regime and quantitatively compare the data to microscopic theory. The quantum dot is fabricated by lateral gating of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure, and the conductance is measured in the presence of an in-plane Zeeman field. We focus on the ratio of the nonlinear conductance values at bias voltages exceeding the Zeeman threshold---a regime that permits a spin flip on the dot---to those below the Zeeman threshold, when the spin flip on the dot is energetically forbidden. The data obtained in three different odd-occupation dot states show good quantitative agreement with the theory with no adjustable parameters. We also compare the theoretical results to the predictions of a phenomenological form used previously for the analysis of nonlinear cotunneling conductance, specifically in the determination of the heterostructure $g$ factor, and find good agreement between the two approaches. The ratio of nonlinear conductance values is found to slightly exceed the theoretically anticipated value and to be nearly independent of dot-lead tunneling coefficient and dot energy level.
Stability of Silicon-Oxygen-Fluorine and Carbon-Fluorine Low-K Dielectrics with Respect to Attack by Water

Ab initio configuration interaction calculations have been previously used to account for the relatively large decreases in the static dielectric constant of Si-O-F alloys with low alloy concentrations of F-atoms, ~ 22%for F concentrations of ~ 10 at.%. The present study addresses the stability of these alloy films and carbon-fluorine films with respect to attack of Si-F bonds or C-F bonds by water molecules. The present calculations show that the reaction: H20 + 2 Si-F - 2 HF + Si-O-Si is exothermic byabout 0.7 eV. However, the reaction of H20 + 2 C-F - 2 HF + CO-C is calculated to be endothermic by 1.6 eV. Our calculations focus on the reaction energetics and geometries as a function of the distance between the F-atoms of the Si-F and C-F groups and water molecule.
Probe beam amplification and phase conjugation self-oscillation in a Kerr medium

In a highly-nonlinear thin Ker medium, the intersection of a strong pump beam and a much weaker probe beam produces a sizeable diffracted beam whose presence changes both the transmitted probe beam gain and the phase conjugation self-oscillation thresholds. An analytical calculation of these effects involving degenerate multiwave mixing processes is presented. >
Economic Reasons for the Nonhindrance of Creditors Per Se Rule? A Reply

This paper examines a recently proposed per se rule to automatically treat as equity secured loans granted by shareholders to the corporation on the eve of insolvency. It shows that arguments based on the dual quality of the lendershareholder are insufficient by themselves to propose such a rigid rule, which would curb potentially socially beneficial loans. Further empirical research is needed to shed light on this issue.
Agreement, agreement distributions, and distance

Data collected by ordered category, i.e. a Likert scale, can be both challenging to understand and difficult to compare with other similar kinds of data. Building on the agreement measure we extend the application to include the calculation of a distance by which comparisons between agreement distributions can be made. This is useful in decision making when it is necessary to determine group positional changes over time, or proximity to agreement among separate teams.
U.S. and Korean children's comprehension of fraction names: a reexamination of cross-national differences.

Two experiments tested the claim that the transparency of Korean fraction names promotes fraction concepts (Miura, Okamoto, Vlahovic-Stetic, Kim, & Han, 1999). In Experiment 1, U.S. and Korean first and second graders made similar errors on a fraction-identification task, by treating fractions as whole numbers. Contrary to previous findings, Korean children performed at chance when a whole-number representation was included. Nonetheless, Korean children outperformed their U.S. peers overall. In Experiment 2, U.S. children's performance improved when fraction names were used that explicitly referred to part-whole relations like Korean fraction names. U.S. children's scores actually exceeded those of Korean children. Thus, although the differences in fraction names may influence children's performance, this may not account for the reported cross-national differences.
Triplet Phase Invariants from Single Isomorphous Replacement or One-Wavelength Anomalous Dispersion Data, Given Heavy-Atom Information

Certain general algebraic formulas for computing triplet phase invariants become accessible when structural information is available concerning the replacement atoms in isomorphous replacement or the predominant type of anomalously scattering atoms in one-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiments. The formulas of interest are presented and subjected to a number of test calculations to obtain insight into their accuracy and to determine the effects of errors in the data. The formulas are simple to calculate and some possible strategies for their use are discussed.
Wada basins and qualitative unpredictability in ecological models: a graphical interpretation

The capability of ecological models to make precise predictions was questioned with the discovery of chaos. Here it is shown that an alternative form of unpredictability is associated with some nonlinear models. The notion of a Wada basin, in which three or more basins share complexly interdigitated boundaries, represents this new form of unpredictability. It signifies that a single point seemingly balanced between two basins of attraction may in fact just as easily travel to a third, seemingly unconnected, basin. A circle map approximation to coupled predator prey pairs is used to demonstrate certain qualitative properties associated with the equilibria within the basins. Most important is the demonstration that the ultimate basin in which a trajectory comes to lie may not be confidently predicted from detailed knowledge of the point of initiation. Furthermore, when Wada basin boundaries become large, a small amount of stochastic forcing may create chaos-like behavior (though not formally chaotic) in a system that has, mathematically, only stable equilbria. The generation of Wada basins is discussed, using piecewise linear maps.
Distributed target tracking in multiple widely separated radar architectures

Tracking the location of a maneuvering target by a set of widely separated multiple transmit and receive radars can be done in a centralized way, where all raw measured data is communicated to a fusion center (FC), in a decentralized manner, or in a distribute approach. In this paper a distributed operational mode is proposed, in which a local tracker is implemented at each receive radar, offering redundancy, in addition to communication savings. All receivers share the set of available transmit antennas. The information exchanged among the local trackers, or local FCs, is limited to the predicted target state. Each local predictor is updated based on predictions collected from all other FCs, treated as a set of experts' advice. An exponential weighted average forecaster is derived, resulting in a local prediction loss that is upper-bounded by the best expert performance with a minimal cost in term of information exchange.
An Ultra-Wideband Low Power-Consumption Low Noise-Figure High-Gain RF Power-Efficient DC–3.5-GHz CMOS Integrated Sampling Mixer Subsystem

An ultra-wideband CMOS integrated sampling mixer subsystem was designed and fabricated using Jazz Semiconductor's 0.18-mum enhanced RF CMOS process. A two-stage switching strategy is implemented to synchronously merge a low-noise amplifier (LNA) with a sampler to achieve high gain, fast sampling, low noise figure, low power consumption, and enhanced RF power efficiency. The LNA and sample-and-hold capacitor are switched using two synchronized strobes generated on-chip. Characteristics of the sampling strobe, the sampling clock jitter, and their effects on the sampling bandwidth are discussed. Measured results show unprecedented performance of 9-12-dB voltage conversion gain, 16-25-dB noise figure, and power consumption of only 21.6 mW (with buffer) and 11.7 mW (without buffer) across dc to 3.5 GHz with 100-MHz sampling frequency.
Propagation of radio signals inside buildings at 150, 450 and 850 MHz

A comprehensive study designed to characterize the propagation of radio frequency signals inside buildings is presented. Propagation curves at 150, 450 and 850 MHz are generated for a large office building in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. The measurement apparatus is computer driven, to enable rapid integration of a large number of samples from a test location. The representation of the signals in the time domain provides for a good characterization of multipath fading for the different frequency bands. The number of samples needed for repeatable and accurate power averaging, are determined empirically. The vast amount of data is used to document the attenuation due to office walls and building floors. Probability distributions and standard deviations for the three frequency bands are also presented.
Surgical and Endoscopic Approaches to GERD

It is estimated that gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms are seen in up to 40% of adults in the USA. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus [1].
The OHearns: Estate Planning In The Presence Of Long-Term Care Considerations

This case exposes students to issues surrounding estate planning when one or both spouses contemplate a need for costly long-term care. The role of Medicare and especially Medicaid in paying for such care is emphasized. The case addresses such issues as whether or not to purchase long-term care insurance and what factors to consider when transferring assets. In addition to addressing legal and technical issues, the case also addresses ethical issues (e.g., the ethics of impoverishing oneself through the transfer of assets in order to qualify for Medicaid). It may be used in any undergraduate or graduate level course that includes some emphasis on estate planning.
River Basin Management: Conclusions and Implications

What has been learned from this worldwide survey of river basin organizations and these eight case studies? What can be said, based on this study, about integrated river basin management at the lowest possible level – when and why does it work or not work? This study was stimulated by two recommendations in the water resource management literature. The first recommendation is the integration of water resource management at the river basin level, which has been advocated in order to achieve improved management through a more comprehensive approach that combines supply allocation, demand management, quality protection, and ecological preservation or restoration. The second recommendation is the decentralization of river basin management to the lowest level, which has been advocated in order to achieve improved management through better adaptation to local conditions, better use of local knowledge and institutions, and greater involvement of stakeholders from the range of sectors involved in water use. In many locations around the world, pursuing both goals – integration and decentralization – has led to the establishment of river basin organizations. These organizations became the focus of this study. Examining river basin organizations is one way to pose and answer questions such as:
Simulation of toe thermal responses to cold exposure while wearing protective footwear

A mathematical model utilizing the measured thermal resistance of footwear to predict toe temperature was developed. A lumped system represents the toe region as a single "toe" and a heat balance equation was established. The simulation was validated with measured physiological data obtained from human testing wearing the same footwear. The model prediction agreed with measured values within one standard deviation. The proposed approach, which consists of a heated thermal foot test and then modeling, is a cost effective alternative to human testing. The model has application for military planning, cold injury risk prediction and the selection of adequate protective footwear.
Optimal Irreversible Electroporation Techniques in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Liver and Pancreatic Cancer

Initially diagnosed stage 3 (locally advanced) Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC) remains an aggressive tumor with an overall poor prognosis (current median survival chemotherapy and radiation therapy of 9-12 months). Improvement in survival can be achieved in the small percentage that can undergo an R0 resection or where all macroscopic tumor can be cleared by local ablation. Long duration (>4-6 months) chemoradiotherapy is not tolerated by all patients and still fails to prolong survival alone. Neoadjuvant treatment also has limited results on pain control or tumor downstaging since most current modalities do not shrink or downsize the tumor. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of local ablative therapy for the treatment of nonresectable tumours in various organs. Ablation techniques are based on direct application of chemical, thermal, or electrical energy to a tumor, which leads to cellular necrosis without removal of the tumor. With ablation, local control, and relief from symptoms can be obtained in the majority of the patients when appropriate patient selection and technique is utilized. LAPC has been treated by various ablation techniques in the last few years with promising results. We present the current status of local ablative therapies in the treatment of LAPC and investigate on the efficiency and future trends.
Low latency, ultrafast fiber loop mirror switch using orthogonally polarized signal and control solitons

We present an ultrafast nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) switch based on multiple collisions between orthogonally polarized signal and control solitons in highly birefringent optical fiber. The 8-m circumference switch has an on/off ratio of 80: 1 and exhibits tolerance to timing jitter of 1.2 ps.
Abstract 3137: Epigenetic regulators influencing dual histone reader TRIM24 in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Nuclear receptor-mediated regulation of gene expression, including estrogen-receptor-alpha (ERα), relies on a complex network of proteins that impose either repression or activation of gene expression. Among these, epigenetic “reader” proteins recognize combinatorial PTMs on histones, through distinct structure domains such as tandem plant homeodomains (PHD) and bromodomains (Bromo). We recently reported that tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24), by means of its C-terminal tandem PHD finger and Bromo domains, recognizes unmethylated histone H3 lysine K4 (H3K4me0) and acetylated histone H3 lysine K23 (H3K23ac) within the same histone tail. In the presence of estrogen, dual chromatin reader TRIM24 preferentially recognizes these two histone marks, binds to ERα and regulates estrogen-dependent target genes. Depletion of TRIM24 inhibits breast cancer cell growth and enhances tamoxifen-induced growth inhibition. In addition, overexpression of TRIM24 correlates with decreased overall survival in breast cancer patients. We believe that TRIM24 can be a potential biomarker for breast cancer development, as well as a target for therapeutic treatment. The goal of my research is to target TRIM24 in breast cancer by identifying upstream epigenetic regulators that may influence TRIM24's function in ERα-regulated transcriptional activation. For TRIM24-regulated ERα target genes, estrogen stimulation results in a global loss of H3K4me2 at estrogen-responsive elements (EREs), where TRIM24 and ERα are recruited. Global binding profile of TRIM24 by ChIP-seq also shows that TRIM24 preferentially binds to regions depleted of H3K4me2, suggesting that upstream regulators may determine TRIM24 binding to chromatin. Demethylation of histones is mediated by specific enzymes called histone demethylases (HDMs). When we increase H3K4me2 at EREs by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of HDM, recruitment of both TRIM24 and ERα to target genes is diminished. As a result, activation of TRIM24-regulated estrogen-responsive genes is impaired. Previous work has suggested that the presence of threonine T6 phosphorylation on histone H3 (H3T6ph) prevents HDMs from demethylating H3K4me2. H3T6ph may therefore impose an inhibitory mark for LSD1-mediated demethylation of H3K4me2, and serves as an added layer of regulation for TRIM24 binding to histones, affecting subsequent function of TRIM24 as an ERα coactivator. These results may give insights into future therapeutic studies of targeting TRIM24 in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3137. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3137
The Evolving Science of Microbial Source Tracking

Section X of the Manual of Environmental Microbiology addresses the burgeoning area of microbial source tracking (MST), a collection of methodologies and approaches whose aim is to determine the dominant source(s) of fecal contamination of water bodies. Many health- and management-related areas can benefit from MST analyses, including total maximum daily load (TMDL) determinations, beach and water resource management, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), and epidemiology. This chapter provides a brief overview of the rationale for and theory of MST, followed by chapters that detail MST methodologies and practice. This chapter also suggests future directions for a field that has changed considerably over the last two decades - as it has evolved from an emphasis on building large databases of bacterial phenotypes or genotypes toward the use of culture-independent methods that focus on single genetic targets or microbial community structure. The field is in the process of adopting high-throughput DNA sequencing methods that allow consideration of genomic and metagenomic data to identify host-associated microorganisms and/or patterns in communities that may contribute to accurate identification of fecal pollution sources in the environment.
FPGA-Based Approach to Level-1 Track Finding at CMS for the HL-LHC

The high luminosity upgrade of the LHC is expected to deliver luminosities of 7.5 × 10 34 cm −2 s −1 , with an average of 140–200 overlapping proton-proton collisions in each bunch crossing at a frequency of 40 MHz. To maintain manageable trigger rates under these conditions track reconstruction will be incorporated in the all-hardware first level of the CMS trigger. A track-finding algorithm based on seed tracklets has been developed and implemented on commercially available FPGAs for this purpose. An overview of the algorithm is presented, results are shown of its expected performance from simulations, and an implementation of the algorithm in a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA for a hardware demonstrator system is discussed.
Habitat association of Klebsiella species.

The genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).
R&D-based Calibrated Growth Models with Finite-Length Patents: A Novel Relaxation Algorithm for Solving an Autonomous FDE System of Mixed Type

The statutory patent length is 20 years in most countries. R&D-based growth models, however, often presume an infinite patent length. In this paper, finite-length patents are embedded in a non-scale R&D-based growth model, while allowing any patent's effective life to be terminated prematurely, subject to two idiosyncratic hazards from imitation and creative destruction. This gives rise to an autonomous system of mixed-type functional differential equations (FDEs) that had never been encountered in the growth literature. Its dynamics are driven by current, delayed and advanced states. We present a relaxation algorithm to solve these FDEs by solving a sequence of standard boundary value problems for systems of ordinary differential equations. We use this algorithm to simulate a calibrated U.S. economy's transitional dynamics by making discrete changes from the baseline 20 years patent length. We find that if transitional impacts are taken into account, the switch to the long-run optimal patent length can incur a welfare loss, albeit rather small.
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans in Children

AbstractBalanitis xerotica obliterans is a chronic inflammatory process in male subjects, resulting in sclerotic epithelial changes of the glans penis, prepuce and urethral meatus individually or collectively. Four pediatric cases are presented, including the first case of balanitis xerotica obliterans involving the glans penis and urethral meatus in a child. This lesion may be misdiagnosed or ignored in the young boy. The suggested method of treatment is surgical extirpation of the lesion when possible, wedge meatotomy when needed and sublesional corticosteroids if the lesion cannot be completely excised.
Components of the Engulfment Machinery Have Distinct Roles in Corpse Processing

Billions of cells die in our bodies on a daily basis and are engulfed by phagocytes. Engulfment, or phagocytosis, can be broken down into five basic steps: attraction of the phagocyte, recognition of the dying cell, internalization, phagosome maturation, and acidification. In this study, we focus on the last two steps, which can collectively be considered corpse processing, in which the engulfed material is degraded. We use the Drosophila ovarian follicle cells as a model for engulfment of apoptotic cells by epithelial cells. We show that engulfed material is processed using the canonical corpse processing pathway involving the small GTPases Rab5 and Rab7. The phagocytic receptor Draper is present on the phagocytic cup and on nascent, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P)- and Rab7-positive phagosomes, whereas integrins are maintained on the cell surface during engulfment. Due to the difference in subcellular localization, we investigated the role of Draper, integrins, and downstream signaling components in corpse processing. We found that some proteins were required for internalization only, while others had defects in corpse processing as well. This suggests that several of the core engulfment proteins are required for distinct steps of engulfment. We also performed double mutant analysis and found that combined loss of draper and αPS3 still resulted in a small number of engulfed vesicles. Therefore, we investigated another known engulfment receptor, Crq. We found that loss of all three receptors did not inhibit engulfment any further, suggesting that Crq does not play a role in engulfment by the follicle cells. A more complete understanding of how the engulfment and corpse processing machinery interact may enable better understanding and treatment of diseases associated with defects in engulfment by epithelial cells.
Using Network Models of Proteins to Predict Functionally Linked Interfaces of Proteins (FLIPs) at the Residue Level

Proteins perform numerous cellular activities either individually or by interacting with other proteins. The function carried out by participating oligomers is representative of their structural stability and interaction specificity. One general goal of our research is to identify the properties of interacting amino acid residues that guide formation of Functionally Linked Interfaces of Proteins (FLIPs) upon oligomerization. In this work, proteins are represented as networks (Residue Interaction Networks, RINs) where residues are the nodes and residue proximity (both bonded and non-bonded interactions) define the edges. Prior studies of RINs by others have shown that network properties aid identification of active sites and residues important for protein folding. In our prior work, we could distinguish known FLIPs from Functionally unCorrelated structures (FunCs) using RINs with ∼73% accuracy and found FLIPs were generally much more organized than FunCs. In this work, we expand this concept to identify the threshold values of network features for individual residues participating in a FLIP interface such that potential FLIP interface regions can be predicted at the residue level.
Seeking Safety and the 12-Step Social Model of Recovery: An Integrated Treatment Approach

ABSTRACTA comparison study examined the effects on coping styles that occur when an evidence-based treatment, Seeking Safety (SS), is added to an established 12-step social model of recovery. While involved in a 12-step program, 52 participants volunteered to engage in 8 sessions of SS group therapy to determine how participation impacted self-reported use of adaptive and maladaptive coping styles. Overall, findings support the hypothesized enhancements with significant improvement noted in 15 of the 17 coping styles assessed. The current study provides foundational data on the benefits of incorporating evidence-based treatment with the 12-step model.
Newspaper Presentations of Homosexuality across Nations: Examining Differences by Religion, Economic Development, and Democracy:

A lot of research attention has been devoted to understanding cross-national differences in attitudes about homosexuality. A key finding has been that richer, more democratic, and less religious na...
“Bio-looping” and the Psychophysiological in Religious Belief and Practice: Mechanisms of Embodiment in Candomblé Trance and Possession

This chapter explores the processes that mediate the relationship between sociocultural experiences and bodily responses, in the context of religious devotion. Using ethnographic and psychophysiological data from a study of spirit possession (Brazilian Candomble), I offer a close examination of interactions among enactments of roles and meanings, and bodily states of mediums. In doing so, I offer insight into the mechanisms of what anthropologists call “embodiment.” In particular, I provide a novel and accessible account of how psychophysiology is implicated in embodiment, providing evidence that embodied learning involved in trance/possession is reflected in distinct patterns of autonomic nervous system regulation among mediums. The concept of “bio-looping” is introduced to capture circular and reinforcing processes through which religious meanings and practices shape bodily experience and functioning.
On p-Adic Topological K-Theory

An exposition of the p-adic approach to topological K-theory is given, based on some simple facts about power series over the p-adic integers. As an application, the cohomology of certain spaces attached to p-adic L-functions is computed. These spaces are related to the algebraic K-theory of the integers.
The Role of Biogenic Amines in the Progression of Cerebral Ischemia and Edema: Modification by p-Chlorophenylalanine, Methysergide, and Pentoxyfilline

Disorders of monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine, may play some part in the early development of edema and in the progression of ischemia. This early edema seems potentially reversible if ischemia is relieved but continued ischemia leads to profound depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters and cyclic AMP in brain, coupled with progressive edema.
Adolescents’ Endorsement of Communal and Agentic Conflict-Management Strategies with Friends and Romantic Partners

To investigate contextual influences on gender differences and similarities, we compared adolescents’ endorsement of gender-typed communal/other-focused and agentic/self-focused conflict-management strategies in three relationship contexts: same-gender friends, other-gender friends, and other-gender heterosexual romantic partners. Our 2 Participant Gender (between-subjects) × 3 Relationship Context (within-subjects) mixed factorial design addressed whether findings of prior research (Keener and Strough 2017) with college-aged participants would generalize to adolescents. Participants (n = 103; 47 male adolescents; 56 female adolescents, 14–17 years-old) from the U.S. South Atlantic and Middle Atlantic regions read nine hypothetical conflict scenarios (three per each relationship context) and rated their likelihood of using gender-typed strategies. Young women and men endorsed communal and agentic strategies significantly more in same- and other-gender friendships than in romantic relationships. Across all three relationship contexts, young women reported using significantly more agentic strategies than young men did. In contrast to previous research on college students (Keener and Strough 2017), the predicted Participant Gender x Relationship Context interaction was not significant in the present study. Our findings suggest that developmental processes such as age differences in gender socialization and lack of experience with romantic relationships might explain why findings from college students did not generalize to adolescents.
Does ACM’s code of ethics change ethical decision making in software development?

Ethical decisions in software development can substantially impact end-users, organizations, and our environment, as is evidenced by recent ethics scandals in the news. Organizations, like the ACM, publish codes of ethics to guide software-related ethical decisions. In fact, the ACM has recently demonstrated renewed interest in its code of ethics and made updates for the first time since 1992. To better understand how the ACM code of ethics changes software-related decisions, we replicated a prior behavioral ethics study with 63 software engineering students and 105 professional software developers, measuring their responses to 11 ethical vignettes. We found that explicitly instructing participants to consider the ACM code of ethics in their decision making had no observed effect when compared with a control group. Our findings suggest a challenge to the research community: if not a code of ethics, what techniques can improve ethical decision making in software engineering?
Ideologies of the Real in Title Sequences, Motion Graphics and Cinema

This book explores the question of realism in motion pictures. Specifically, it explores how understanding the role of realism in the history of title sequences in film can illuminate discussions raised by the advent of digital cinema. Ideologies of the Real in Title Sequences, Motion Graphics and Cinema fills a critical and theoretical void in the existing literature on motion graphics. Developed from careful analysis of Andre Bazin, Stanley Cavell, and Giles Deleuze’s approaches to cinematic realism, this analysis uses title sequences to engage the interface between narrative and non-narrative media to consider cinematic realism in depth through highly detailed close readings of the title sequences for Bullitt (1968), Kolchak: The Night Stalker (1974), The Number 23 (2007), The Kingdom (2008), Blade Runner: 2049 (2017) and the James Bond films. From this critique, author Michael Betancourt develops a modal approach to cinematic realism where ontology is irrelevant to indexicality. His analysis shows the continuity between historical analogue film and contemporary digital motion pictures by developing a framework for rethinking how realism shapes interpretation.
A Fluorogenic RNA-Based Sensor Activated by Metabolite-Induced RNA Dimerization

Summary Corn is a fluorogenic RNA aptamer that forms a high-affinity quasi-symmetric homodimer. The Corn dimer interface binds DFHO, resulting in highly photostable yellow fluorescence. Because of its photostability, Corn would be useful in RNA-based small-molecule biosensors, where quantitative accuracy would be affected by photobleaching. Here we describe a strategy for converting the constitutive Corn dimer into a small-molecule-regulated fluorescent biosensor that detects S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in vitro and in living cells. We fused the Corn aptamer into a helical stem that was engineered by circularly permuting the SAM aptamer from the SAM-III riboswitch. In the absence of SAM, the Corn portion of this fusion RNA is unable to dimerize. However, upon binding SAM, the RNA dimerizes and binds DFHO. This RNA-based biosensor enables detection of SAM dynamics in living mammalian cells. Together, these data describe a class of RNA-based biosensor based on small-molecule-regulated dimerization of Corn.