cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social context during non-suicidal self-injury indicates suicide risk

The link between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide is complex. Previous research indicates that self-injurers endorsing automatic/intrapersonal functions (as opposed to social/interpersonal functions) for NSSI are more likely to have considered and attempted suicide. Subsequent research suggests that those endorsing automatic/intrapersonal functions are more likely to self-injure exclusively while alone. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the social context during NSSI (i.e., the extent to which one self-injures alone versus around others) represents an easily measurable and theoretically meaningful marker for suicide risk among those who self-injure. Participants were 205 young adults who had performed one or more NSSI behaviors and completed several clinical measures. In general, self-injurers scored higher on measures of suicidality and suicide risk factors (i.e., depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder symptomatology) than a non-injuring control sample (n = 596). In addition, self-injurers who engage in NSSI alone were more likely to report a history of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts compared to other self-injurers. Endorsement of automatic/intrapersonal functions only partially explained the relationship between the social context during NSSI and suicidality. Consistent with the study hypothesis, social context during NSSI appears to be a marker for suicide risk in individuals who engage in NSSI.
Circadian change of adenylate cyclase activity in rabbit ciliary processes.

Purpose. To characterize in vivo changes of adenylate cyclase activity in rabbit ciliary processes during the circadian cycle. Methods. After removal of vitreous, lens, retina and choroid from freshly enucleated rabbit eyes, the anterior segment and attached sclera was chilled in cold buffer containing the non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Then ciliary processes were excised and homogenized in ice cold trichloro-acetic acid (TCA) 2.5 min after IBMX treatment. Increased cyclic AMP in response to PDE inhibition was measured in ciliary processes at six times during the circadian cycle, after preganglionic section of the cervical sympathetic trunk (decentralization, DX), and after topical instillation of hydroxyamphetamine, timolol, brimonidine, rauwolscine or a soluble derivative of forskolin. Results. The increase of rabbit ciliary process cyclic AMP levels in response to PDE inhibition with IBMX was enhanced at night. Much of the enhanced nocturnal increas...
The Bin-Occupancy Filter and Its Connection to the PHD Filters

An algorithm that is capable not only of tracking multiple targets but also of ldquotrack managementrdquo-meaning that it does not need to know the number of targets as a user input-is of considerable interest. In this paper we devise a recursive track-managed filter via a quantized state-space (ldquobinrdquo) model. In the limit, as the discretization implied by the bins becomes as refined as possible (infinitesimal bins) we find that the filter equations are identical to Mahler's probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, a novel track-managed filtering scheme that is attracting increasing attention. Thus, one contribution of this paper is an interpretation of, if not the PHD itself, at least what the PHD is doing. This does offer some intuitive appeal, but has some practical use as well: with this model it is possible to identify the PHD's ldquotarget-deathrdquo problem, and also the statistical inference structures of the PHD filters. To obviate the target death problem, PHD originator Mahler developed a new ldquocardinalizedrdquo version of PHD (CPHD). The second contribution of this paper is to extend the ldquobin-occupancyrdquo model such that the resulting recursive filter is identical to the cardinalized PHD filter.
New Latest Cretaceous Mammals from Northeastern Colorado with Biochronologic and Biogeographic Implications

ABSTRACT Few latest Cretaceous mammalian faunas are known from the central part of the Western Interior of North America. Here we report a collection of 28 mammalian fossils (23 isolated teeth, 5 dentulous jaw fragments) from five Upper Cretaceous localities in and around the Pawnee National Grassland (Weld County) in the Cheyenne Basin, northeastern Colorado. At least 10 taxa are represented, including two new multituberculates, a neoplagiaulacid Parikimys carpenteri and a ?cimolomyid Paressonodon nelsoni, which has greatest affinities to Essonodon browni. The new specimens combine with a previously reported sample for a total of 40 mammalian specimens from the area. Using a subsurface model based on geophysical log data, we stratigraphically arranged the fossil localities relative to the top of the Fox Hills Sandstone. Our stratigraphically lowest site is 95 m above the datum and likely near the top of the Laramie Formation. Presence of Meniscoessus collomensis at this site implies a late ‘Edmontonian’ ...
Motivational Strategies with Alcohol-Involved Older Adults: Implications for Social Work Practice

Social workers and other health care professionals address problem drinking by older adults inconsistently. Reasons include client-related variables (for example, denial and poor information), practitioner-related factors (for example, inadequate knowledge about addictive behaviors, underdeveloped assessment tools, and limited empirically validated treatment options), and societal factors associated with "ageism." This article explores the nature and extent of problem drinking among older adults and barriers to assistance. The article outlines practice strategies that draw on motivational interviewing principles and a client's motivational readiness to change for reaching out to older adults, assessing their needs, and encouraging them to seek assistance.
The role of the endothelium in severe sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Severe sepsis, defined as sepsis with acute organ dysfunction, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The development of novel therapies for sepsis is critically dependent on an understanding of the basic mechanisms of the disease. The pathophysiology of severe sepsis involves a highly complex, integrated response that includes the activation of a number of cell types, inflammatory mediators, and the hemostatic system. Central to this process is an alteration of endothelial cell function. The goals of this article are to (1) provide an overview of sepsis and its complications, (2) discuss the role of the endothelium in orchestrating the host response in sepsis, and (3) emphasize the potential value of the endothelium as a target for sepsis therapy.
A simple cost reduction strategy for small liquidity traders: Trade at the opening

We extend the market microstructure literature by examining trading strategies of a small discretionary liquidity trader in call and continuous markets. Our investigation of trading strategies uses intraday market and limit orders, and introduces the market-at-open order as an alternative strategy for a small liquidity trader. We find that a small trader can reduce transaction costs by trading at the opening. Using tick-by-tick transaction data, we demonstrate that the market-at-open order consistently produces better prices than market and limit orders executed during the trading day. I. Introduction Traders have an economic incentive to act strategically. In this study, we examine three types of submission strategies for small liquidity traders: the marketat-open order, intraday market orders, and intraday limit orders. Our objective is to determine if any particular strategy consistently outperforms the other strategies in receiving better prices for a small discretionary liquidity trader. We use tickby-tick transaction data to simulate order executions. Our results demonstrate that the market-at-open strategy benefits a small liquidity trader. We contribute to the existing literature in that we empirically contrast trading strategies in a continuous market and a call market and provide empirical support for the theoretical trading models that show liquidity traders have a preference to band together when submitting orders to trade. The first set of strategic trading models concentrates on the optimal trading behavior of informed traders. For example, Kyle (1985) looks at a sequential batchtrading market in which informed traders and liquidity traders submit orders to a risk-neutral market maker. Attention is paid to the strategic trading patterns of
Temperature Measurement in Fluid Directly at the Surface with High Spatial Resolution Using a Covalently Attached Fluorescent Dye

Measurement of temperatures with high spatial resolution in fluid is a challenging topic with many useful applications. This work presents a novel technique for extracting the temperature a few nanometers away from the surface with extremely high spatial resolution via the use of a covalently attached fluorescent dye, 5(6) carboxyfluorescein. The emission characteristics of the dye are highly temperature dependent, which allows the construction of a calibration curve that can be used to measure unknown temperatures directly at surfaces with spatial resolution only limited by the size of the employed fluorophores.
High Glucose–Induced Alterations in Subendothelial Matrix Perlecan Leads to Increased Monocyte Binding

Objective— Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients, although the link between the two is unknown. These studies were designed to model effects of high glucose on an early event in atherogenesis: the binding of monocytes to subendothelial matrix (SEM). Methods and Results— SEM was prepared from human bovine aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) cultured in the presence of low (5 mmol/L) or high (30 mmol/L) glucose for 3 to 5 days. Monocyte binding was significantly higher ( P 35 S]sulfate incorporation into SEM HSPG produced by cells incubated in 30 mmol/L versus 5 mmol/L glucose, whereas no glucose-associated differences were measured in [ 35 S]methionine incorporation into proteoglycans (PGs) or non-PG proteins. Autoradiography revealed 2 high-molecular weight SEM HSPGs. One was a hybrid PG that contained both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate chains. Both PGs were identified by Western blotting as perlecan. Conclusions— These results illustrate that hyperglycemia-induced structural changes in perlecan may result in a SEM that is more favorable to retention of monocytes.
Enhancing Quality of Life through Telerehabilitation

Telerehabilitation is an emerging method of delivering rehabilitation services that uses technology to serve clients, clinicians, and systems by minimizing the barriers of distance, time, and cost. The driving force for telerehabilitation has been as an alternative to face-to-face rehabilitation approaches to reduce costs, increase geographic accessibility, or act as a mechanism to extend limited resources. A rationale for telerehabilitation is the potential to enhance outcomes beyond what may result from face-to-face interventions by enabling naturalistic, in vivo interventions. There is considerable support for the value of interventions delivered in the natural environment, ranging from addressing efficacy concerns by addressing problems of generalization, to increasing patient participation, including environmental context in rehabilitation, and increasing patient satisfaction. Further clinical and research exploration should explore telerehabilitation as a tool for the delivery of rehabilitation services in vivo.
Development of model libraries for embedded passives using network synthesis

This paper discusses the synthesis and simulation of RF circuits using integral passive components embedded in a packaged substrate. For any one- or two-port structure, a function approximating its response is first obtained in a rational function representation using simulated or measured data. The equivalent lumped circuit is then synthesized from the rational function. The results show that the equivalent circuits can be used to reveal the parasitic effects associated with the physical layout of the structure and simulate the response of the structure. Using both the rational functions and synthesized equivalent circuits, an RF filter has been simulated to show the accuracy.
Some problems in interracial communication: An interracial group case study

An interracial group case study has revealed that sensitization, lack of shared experience, stereotyping, racial intragroup pressures, and variables in physical environment all contribute in varying degrees to the problems arising in interracial interaction.
Pregnancy-induced changes in ovine cerebral arteries

We examined the effects of pregnancy on the ovine cerebral vasculature by comparing several characteristics of isolated endothelium-intact segments of three intracranial arteries including the middle cerebral (MCA), posterior communicating (PC), and basilar (BAS) arteries taken from pregnant sheep (138-143 days gestation, term approximately 145 days) and nonpregnant controls. For comparison, segments of the extracranial common carotid (COM) artery were also studied. With pregnancy, vessel water content increased (5.4-5.8%) in all arteries except the PC. Additionally, cellular protein content increased in all arteries (4.4-50.0%). Arterial stiffness, as determined by passive stress-strain determinations, was significantly decreased during pregnancy in the MCA but not in the larger arteries. Maximum contractile responses, when normalized to vessel wall cross-sectional area, were consistently greater in arteries from pregnant than in those from nonpregnant animals (10.1-49.7%). Relaxation to the endothelium-independent guanylate cyclase stimulator S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) increased with pregnancy only in the distal MCA (approximately 17%). Endothelium-dependent relaxation to the calcium ionophore A23187 decreased only in the larger and more proximal COM (-39%). Thus pregnancy was associated with an increase in production of contractile force, a decrease in peripheral vascular stiffness, a decrease in the relaxant response to A23187 in the COM, and an increase in the relaxant response to SNAP in the MCA. Together, these findings indicate that pregnancy has widespread and important vessel specific cerebrovascular consequences that affect not only arterial composition, but also contractility and endothelial reactivity.
Back to the past in schizophrenia genomics.

Conclusive evidence for defective neurodevelopment in schizophrenia is lacking. Two DNA methylation studies now draw a link between fetal brain epigenomes, epigenetic alterations in the adult diseased brain and genetic risk for the disease.
Location Discovery in Sensor Networks

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Location Discovery Concepts Issues on Localization in Sensor Networks Localization Using Ranging in Sensor Networks Localization Using Angle Estimation in Sensor Networks Other Localization Techniques Conclusion Exercises Bibliography
The Impact of Federal Sentencing Reforms on African Americans

African Americans are disproportionately found in the inmate population of federal penal institutions. Although composing 12.1% of the total United States population (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992, p. 17), African Americans constituted 33.8% of all federal inmates in 1993 (Maguire & Pastore, 1994, p. 628). The overrepresentation of African Americans in federal prisons raises an interesting question: What effect have the U.S. sentencing guidelines, which emerged from the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, and mandatory minimum statutes had on African Americans?' Before reviewing the relevant empirical research, however, a succinct overview of recent sentencing reform is in order.
METABOLIC SENSING OF CELLULAR OXYGEN TENSION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses metabolic sensing of cellular oxygen tension. In the study described in the chapter, the measurements were done using suspensions of cultured neuroblastoma C-1300 cells. For this purpose, a spectrophotometer cuvette was designed, which allowed simultaneous measurement of cytochrome c reduction and oxygen consumption in a stirred suspension of cells. The chapter presents the result of a typical experiment is shown in the chapter. As the oxygen tension falls progressively below about 120 Torr, there is a continuous reduction of cytochrome c , which rapidly accelerates below approximately 5 Torr attaining nearly complete reduction at zero oxygen. The rate of respiration begins to decrease slightly below 16 Torr, but the precipitous decline usually associated with oxygen limitation occurs below approximately 3 Torr. Reoxygenation of the suspension causes reoxidation of cytochrome c to the level previously observed for that oxygen tension. Thus, this process is fully reversible and if oxygen is added at any point, cytochrome c is quickly reoxidized to the level for the new oxygen tension.
Potential neuroprotective strategies against tauopathy.

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases, including AD (Alzheimer9s disease) and FTLD-T (tau-positive frontotemporal lobar degeneration), with shared pathology presenting as accumulation of detergent-insoluble hyperphosphorylated tau deposits in the central nervous system. The currently available treatments for AD address only some of the symptoms, and do not significantly alter the progression of the disease, namely the development of protein aggregates and loss of functional neurons. The development of effective treatments for various tauopathies will require the identification of common mechanisms of tau neurotoxicity, and pathways that can be modulated to protect against neurodegeneration. Model organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans , provide methods for identifying novel genes and pathways that are involved in tau pathology and may be exploited for treatment of various tauopathies. In the present paper, we summarize data regarding characterization of MSUT2 (mammalian suppressor of tau pathology 2), a protein identified in a C. elegans tauopathy model and subsequently shown to modify tau toxicity in mammalian cell culture via the effects on autophagy pathways. MSUT2 represents a potential drug target for prevention of tau-related neurodegeneration.
Multifunctional polyetherimide nanocomposite foam

Polyetherimide/multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposite foams were fabricated and their electrical and mechanical properties characterized. The composites with 0.5–3 wt% of carbon nanotube loadings were fabricated using a solution-based method. Different foaming conditions were studied along with the residual solvent effects. It was found that the residual solvent significantly affected the mechanical properties of the nanocompsites. Electrical conductivity of the composite foams with the same wt% loading of carbon nanotubes was found to be dependent on the relative density of the foams. Foams with a higher relative density had a higher electrical conductivity. The fabricated polyetherimide nanocomposite foam is thermally stable, with a glass transition temperature close to that of the neat polyetherimide. Despite the volume expansion due to foaming, the polyetherimide nanocomposite foams achieved an electrical conductivity of 10−7 S/cm at 2 wt% carbon nanotube loading and 45% relative density. This makes...
Ion-selective electrodes with colloid-imprinted mesoporous carbon as solid contact.

A new type of solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC-ISE) has been developed that uses colloid-imprinted mesoporous (CIM) carbon with 24 nm diameter, interconnected mesopores as the intermediate layer between a gold electrode and an ionophore-doped ISE membrane. For a demonstration, valinomycin was used as K+ ionophore, and a good Nernstian response with a slope of 59.5 mV/decade in the range from 10–5.2 to 10–1.0 M was observed. The high purity, low content of redox-active surface functional groups and intrinsic hydrophobic characteristics of CIM carbon prepared from mesophase pitch lead to outstanding performance of these sensors, with excellent resistance to the formation of a water layer and no interference caused by light, O2, and CO2. When a redox couple is introduced as an internal reference species, calibration-free SC-ISEs can be made with a standard deviation of E° as low as 0.7 mV. Moreover, the interconnected mesopore structure of ISE membrane-infused CIM carbon facilitates both ion and ele...
Characterization of the microstructure of the compositionally complex alloy Al1Mo0.5Nb1Ta0.5Ti1Zr1

Electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and tomographic reconstructions were used to characterize a high entropy alloy predominantly composed of refractory elements. The intragranular microstructure was found to consist of a periodic two phase mixture, where a disordered bcc phase is aligned orthogonally in an ordered B2 phase. The phases were found to exhibit continuous lattice registry and an orientation relationship given by bcc// B2, {001}bcc//{001}B2. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to determine the compositions of the phases, and spectral images were used in the tomographic reconstruction of the alloy to reveal the morphology and the elemental partitioning between phases.
Clinical risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia in neonates

Objective The incidence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has increased in recent years.A case-control study was designed to investigate the clinical risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia.Methods From August 2007 through April 2008 at Beijing Children′s Hospital,severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was diagnosed when a newborn infant had a peak serum bilirubin level≥342 μmol/L within 14 days after birth.Only those with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia(unconjugated bilirubin/total bilirubin ≥80%) were enrolled.The control subjects were selected in neonates who had peak serum bilirubin levels less than 342 μmol/L,but more than 220.6 μmol/L or 256.5 μmol/L in full-term or premature infant respectively.Newborn infants who had liver disease or positive hepatitis B surface antigen were excluded.All data were analyzed by the statistic software SPSS 13.0.Odds ratio(ORs) were estimated for severe hyperbilirubinemia of various clinical risk factors by using logistic regression models.Clinical risk factors include infection,asphyxia,cephalohematoma,premature birth,ABO or Rh incompatibility,hereditary metabolic disease and unexplained reason.Results 79 neonates who had severe hyperbilirubinemia were selected.Of the seven risk factors,the most prevalent was infection,followed by unexplained reason,premature birth,ABO or Rh incompatibility,asphyxia,etc.The statistically significant clinical risk factors identified were premature birth and unexplained reason.Conclusion There was significant change in clinical risk factors for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with unexplained reason may be the focus in future study.
Microbiological Safety of Commercial Prime Rib Preparation Methods: Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella in Mechanically Tenderized Rib Eye.

Boneless beef rib eye roasts were surface inoculated on the fat side with ca. 5.7 log CFU/g of a five-strain cocktail of Salmonella for subsequent searing, cooking, and warm holding using preparation methods practiced by restaurants surveyed in a medium-size Midwestern city. A portion of the inoculated roasts was then passed once through a mechanical blade tenderizer. For both intact and nonintact roasts, searing for 15 min at 260°C resulted in reductions in Salmonella populations of ca. 0.3 to 1.3 log CFU/g. For intact (nontenderized) rib eye roasts, cooking to internal temperatures of 37.8 or 48.9°C resulted in additional reductions of ca. 3.4 log CFU/g. For tenderized (nonintact) rib eye roasts, cooking to internal temperatures of 37.8 or 48.9°C resulted in additional reductions of ca. 3.1 or 3.4 log CFU/g, respectively. Pathogen populations remained relatively unchanged for intact roasts cooked to 37.8 or 48.9°C and for nonintact roasts cooked to 48.9°C when held at 60.0°C for up to 8 h. In contrast, ...
Vivian Carter Mason and Interracial Cooperation During the Massive Resistance Era in Virginia

Vivian Carter Mason successfully utilized her social work skills during the Massive Resistance Era in Virginia. Through organizational strategies with black and white women, her leadership was indispensable, as a social worker who focused on human and civil rights. Her skills were not merely a substructure of the civil rights movement, rather her work provided a major dimension of women’s leadership through the creation of the Women’s Council for Interracial Cooperation. It engaged in community mobilization and made public education a priority for all children. This interracial model has implications for work and can be conducted today among women social workers.
Table of Contents: New York Residential Landlord-Tenant Law and Procedure—2012-2013 (5th Ed. 2013).

This book, now in its fifth edition, covers substantive and procedural landlord-tenant law across New York State.
FORCED MOTIONS OF A HALF-SPACE

This chapter explains the pulses generated in elastic bodies by the distributions of body forces or surface disturbances by means of integral transform techniques. The dynamic response of elastic bodies to time-varying external loads is investigated in an efficient manner by the use of integral transform techniques. These techniques are useful in solving partial differential equations. To operate effectively with integral transforms, some knowledge of complex variable theory is required. The chapter presents a summarization of the definitions and theorems that are needed in the sequel. Integral transforms are based on the Fourier integral theorem. The chapter highlights some of the integral transforms whose kernels are not exponential functions. The methods of stationary phase and steepest descent are the two methods that are used in numerous wave propagation problems. These two methods are related in that they both involve concentrating the integration in the vicinity of the stationary point of the exponent appearing in integrals of the form. The chapter also discusses these methods.
Don’t Blame the Trees: Using Data to Examine How Trees Contribute to Air Pollution

Ground-level ozone is a greenhouse gas, a human health hazard, and negatively affects plant productivity resulting in billions of dollars in crop losses globally. Ground-level ozone is a secondary air pollutant formed through chemical reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight. While the emissions of most NOx gasses are the result of anthropogenic activities, VOCs have both anthropogenic and natural sources. In this learning activity, students will evaluate data from governmental reports and peer-reviewed literature to become familiar with factors influencing the production of ground-level ozone with an emphasis on the role of VOC-emitting trees in North America. After completing this activity, students should be able to (1) distinguish between primary and secondary air pollutants and identify precursor chemicals that lead to the formation of ground-level ozone, (2) interpret figures and tables that document temporal and spatial changes in the concentration of ground-level ozone and its precursors, (3) explain the relative contributions of anthropogenic and natural emissions to the formation of ground-level ozone, and (4) evaluate different management approaches for reducing air pollution.
Ritual as a Heuristic Device in Studies of Organizational Discourse

(1993). Ritual as a Heuristic Device in Studies of Organizational Discourse. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 16, Communication Yearbook 16, pp. 104-111.
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic bladder augmentation in the pediatric patient

Summary Introduction Bladder augmentation is a common surgical intervention for neuropathic bladder dysfunction, and has conventionally been an open procedure. We present a robotic ileocystoplasty to demonstrate the feasibility of an entirely intracorporeal approach in a pediatric patient. Methods The patient was a 6 year old (18.5 kg) boy with a neurogenic bladder secondary to lumbar myelomeningocele. Urodynamics revealed a small capacity and poorly compliant bladder and he was incontinent between frequent catheterizations. A robotic augmentation cystoplasty was performed. Results At one-month postoperatively, a cystogram revealed no urine leak, and the suprapubic tube was removed. The patient resumed CIC every 3 h during the day and once overnight until postoperative urodynamic studies confirmed safe dynamics, after which the CIC interval was lengthened. Conclusion Robotic bladder augmentation is safe and feasible in a select pediatric population. The entire procedure including preparation of the bowel segment can be completed intracorporeally, even in smaller children.
Multicarrier transmission in a frequency-selective channel

Abstract This chapter covers the history of frequency division multiplexing and then focuses on modern OFDM. It covers modulation, transmission, and diversity issues in a frequency-selective channel.
Palliative Care in the Elderly Injured Patient

The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date insight into the current practices of palliative care in elderly trauma patients. The use and need of palliative care programs have grown substantially throughout the USA in both public and not-for-profit hospitals. The geriatric trauma outcome score has been proposed as a tool to help better explain to patients and their stakeholders the likelihood of mortality in injured geriatric trauma patients. The study of frailty and the differences between patients of similar age has become a focus of many surgical societies. Recent studies also address how to improve end-of-life communication through training programs for health-care professionals. Palliative care in trauma and other populations is evolving. Adequately trained staff are needed for facilitating care in this vulnerable patient population, while also providing education on best practices for appropriate discussion of palliation and end-of-life care in the trauma population.
Transverse-mode instability mitigation using photonic-lantern adaptive spatial mode control

We report on mitigating transverse mode instability using a photonic-lantern all-fiber-based adaptive spatial mode control (ASMC) system. We demonstrate control of polarization, phase, and amplitude to combat optical disturbances.
Mutual solubility of scandium oxide-hematite magnetic nanocomposites: Mössbauer spectroscopy investigation

Abstract xSc 2 O 3 -(1-x)α-Fe 2 O 3 (x = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) nanocomposite systems were successfully synthesized by mechanochemical activation of Sc 2 O 3 and α-Fe 2 O 3 mixtures for 0–12 h of ball milling time. Mossbauer investigations were performed to study the structural and magnetic properties of xSc 2 O 3 -(1-x)α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticle systems during the mechanochemical activation treatment. The Mossbauer studies showed that the spectrum of the mechanochemically activated composites evolved from a sextet for hematite to sextets and a doublet upon duration of the milling process with scandium oxide. Mutual solubility was achieved at the nanoscopic level only. A comprehensive Mossbauer study was performed by recording the recoilless fraction f as function of the ball milling time using our dual absorber method. The results obtained indicate that prolonged ball milling times favor formation of the Fe:Sc 2 O 3 non-magnetic phase and decrease of the grain sizes for both magnetic and non-magnetic components, leading to a maximum in the recoilless fraction followed by its decay.
Coincidence of two solutions to Nash’s bargaining problem

Abstract In 1950, John Nash gave an elegant solution to the bargaining problem using his somewhat controversial IIA axiom. Twenty-five years later, Ehud Kalai and Meir Smorodinsky gave a different solution replacing the IIA condition with their own Monotonicity condition. While the two solutions obviously coincide under certain conditions (e.g. when the problem is symmetric), they do not in general agree. This paper presents a complete account of the precise conditions under which the two solutions coincide.
Simulation of femtosecond laser absorption by metallic targets and their thermal evolution

The interaction of femtosecond laser with initially cold solid metallic targets (Al, Au, Cu, Mo, Ni) was investigated in a wide range of laser intensity with focus on the laser energy absorption efficiency. Our developed simulation code (FEMTO-2D) is based on two-temperature model in two-dimensional configuration, where the temperature-dependent optical and thermodynamic properties of the target material were considered. The role of the collisional processes in the ultrashort pulse laser–matter interaction has been carefully analyzed throughout the process of material transition from the cold solid state into the dense plasma state during the pulse. We have compared the simulation predictions of the laser pulse absorption with temperature-dependent reflectivity and optical penetration depth to the case of constant optical parameters. By considering the effect of the temporal and spatial (radial) distribution of the laser intensity on the light absorption efficiency, we obtained a good agreement between the simulated results and available experimental data. The appropriate model for temperature-dependent optical parameters defining the laser absorption efficiency will allow more accurate simulation of the target thermal response in the applications where it is critical, such as prediction of the material damage threshold, laser ablation threshold, and the ablation profile.
CodonExplorer: an interactive online database for the analysis of codon usage and sequence composition.

The analysis of DNA composition and codon usage reveals many factors that influence the evolution of genes and genomes. In this chapter, we show how to use CodonExplorer, a web tool and interactive database that contains millions of genes, to better understand the principles governing evolution at the single gene and whole-genome level. We present principles and practical procedures for using analyses of GC content and codon usage frequency to identify highly expressed or horizontally transferred genes and to study the relative contribution of different types of mutation to gene and genome composition. CodonExplorer’s combination of a user-friendly web interface and a comprehensive genomic database makes these diverse analyses fast and straightforward to perform. CodonExplorer is thus a powerful tool that facilitates and automates a wide range of compositional analyses.
CHAPTER X – Entropy, Information, and Energy

“One if by land, two if by sea.” Paul Revere and his fellow citizens did not know information theory, but they knew and utilized what is at the basis of information theory, namely, the principle of the representation of intelligence.
Feedback and revision in cloud-based writing: Variations across feedback source and task type

Collaborative writing is one of the twenty-first century writing competencies critical for college and career success. Technology-enhanced writing platforms, such as Google Docs, can serve as effective media for written collaboration. Although cloudbased tools such as Google Docs are increasingly used in secondary schools, little is known about how students collaboratively write in these environments, including how feedback sources and types of tasks affect collaborative writing patterns. This study examined the content of feedback and revision in 424 Google Docs written by 145 sixth grade students to understand the variations in feedback and revision patterns across key contextual factors: the source of feedback (i.e., teacher vs. peer) and assigned task type (i.e., argumentative, narrative, report). We conducted a qualitative content analysis of feedback and revision, followed by Chi-square and ANCOVA analyses. With regards to variations across feedback sources, we found that teacher feedback addressed more macro-level features (e.g., content, organization) whereas student feedback focused more on micro-level features (e.g., mechanics, conventions), and neither teacher nor peer feedback led to subsequent revisions. With regards to variations across task types, we found that among the three writing genres, the narrative genre had the greatest number of coauthors and feedback activities, and most of these activities consisted of affective feedback or direct edits. In contrast, in the report genre, the feedback activities tended to focus on content and organization, and the language functions of both feedback (e.g., advice, explanation) and revision (e.g., acknowledging, clarifying) were most evident in the report genre. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design and implementation of technology-based collaborative writing tasks in academic settings, as well as the limitations and directions for future studies.
A Critique of the Continuum Normalization Method used for Biological X-Ray Microanalysis

X-rays observed by the energy-dispersive detector in an analytical electron column instrument arise from two types of inelastic, or energy-loss, interactions between fast beam electrons and target atoms. In one case a beam electron interacts strongly with a core electron and imparts enough energy to remove it from the atom. The ejected core electron can have any energy up to the beam energy less the characteristic shell energy. The beam electron is depreciated in energy by whatever kinetic energy the ejected electron has acquired plus the characteristic energy required to remove it. A characteristic x-ray is occasionally emitted when the ionized atom relaxes to a lower energy state by the transition of an outer-shell electron to the vacancy in the core shell.
Dense and Dynamic Polyethylene Glycol Shells Cloak Nanoparticles from Uptake by Liver Endothelial Cells for Long Blood Circulation.

Research into long-circulating nanoparticles has in the past focused on reducing their clearance by macrophages. By engineering a hierarchical polyethylene glycol (PEG) structure on nanoparticle surfaces, we revealed an alternative mechanism to enhance nanoparticle blood circulation. The conjugation of a second PEG layer at a density close to but lower than the mushroom-to-brush transition regime on conventional PEGylated nanoparticles dramatically prolongs their blood circulation via reduced nanoparticle uptake by non-Kupffer cells in the liver, especially liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Our study also disclosed that the dynamic outer PEG layer reduces protein binding affinity to nanoparticles, although not the total number of adsorbed proteins. These effects of the outer PEG layer diminish in the higher density regime. Therefore, our results suggest that the dynamic topographical structure of nanoparticles is an important factor in governing their fate in vivo. Taken together, this study advances ou...
Effects of noise exposure on auditory brainstem response and speech-in-noise tasks: a review of the literature

Objective: Short-term noise exposure that induces transient changes in thresholds has induced permanent cochlear synaptopathy in multiple species. Here, the literature was reviewed to gain translat...
Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and outcome of adult horses with equine coronavirus infection at a veterinary teaching hospital: 33 cases (2012-2018).

Abstract Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is a recently described enteric virus with worldwide outbreaks; however, there are little data available on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcome. The study objective was to document case management of ECoV in adult horses presented to a referral hospital and compare to a cohort of horses that tested negative for ECoV. A retrospective case series was performed based on positive real-time quantitative PCR results for ECoV on faeces from horses treated at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 1 March 2012 to 31 March 2018. Horses negative for ECoV were matched to the ECoV-positive group as controls. Data collected included signalment, history, exam findings, diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up. Thirty-three horses (median age, 11 years; range, 2–37 years) tested ECoV-positive, including three horses with co-infections. Presenting complaints for ECoV-infected horses included historic fevers (n = 25/30; 83%), anorexia (n = 14/30; 47%), and colic (n = 13/30; 43%). ECoV-positive horses had significantly lower white blood cell (median, 3.0 × 109/L; range, 0.68–16.2 × 109/L), neutrophil (median, 1.26 × 109/L; range, 0.15–14.4 × 109/L), and lymphocyte (median, 0.86 × 109/L; range, 0.42–3.47 × 109/L) counts than ECoV-negative horses. Electrolyte and metabolic derangements and scant faeces were common. Twenty-seven horses were hospitalised for a median of 5 days (range, 0.5–14 days), with 26/27 (96%) horses surviving to discharge. ECoV infection should be a differential diagnosis for adult horses with fever, colic, anorexia, and leukopenia. The disease has a low mortality rate, but horses may require intensive care to resolve severe leukopenia, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances.
On the Power of In-Network Caching in the Hadoop Distributed File System

The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is a network file system used to support multiple widely-used big data frameworks that can scale to run on large clusters. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of using in-network caching on switches in HDFS-supported clusters in order to reduce per-link bandwidth usage in the network. We discovered that some applications featured large amounts of data requested by multiple clients and that, by caching read data in the network, the average per-link bandwidth usage of read operations in these applications could be reduced by more than half. We also found that the choice of cache replacement policy could have a significant impact on caching effectiveness in this environment, with LIRS and ARC generally performing the best for larger and smaller cache sizes, respectively. Moreover, given the structure of HDFS write operations, we developed a mechanism to reduce the total per-link bandwidth usage of HDFS write operations by replacing write pipelining with multicast. In order to evaluate in-network caching potential, we developed a simulator to replay real traces through a fat tree network simulating the caching architecture used in the Named Data Networking (NDN) information-centric networking (ICN) architecture. Our results suggest that ICN-style in-network caching can provide significant benefits to HDFS-supported big data clusters, justifying future work to apply ICN architectures to cluster environments.
Sinusoidally Modulated AC-Link Microinverter Based on Dual-Active-Bridge Topology

In this article, a bidirectional single-stage ac-link microinverter is proposed with a novel sine pulsewidth modulation. The proposed microinverter operates on the principles of dual-active-bridge converter modulation and thus allows seamless bidirectional power flow with soft switching. Contrary to the traditional two-stage microinverter interfacing a variable input voltage source, the proposed converter integrates dc–dc and dc–ac into a single stage, retaining functionality over a wide input-to-output voltage ratio. The synthesis of the sinusoidal output is achieved by applying a new composite modulation scheme that utilizes phase-shift modulation schemes used in the dual-active-bridge converter. Different parameters of the phase-shift modulation (namely, triple-phase-shift modulation) affect the overall composite modulation in terms of its ability to achieve soft switching and the average power flow. The mode analysis was carried out to demonstrate different modulation segments and its overall effect on the output power, efficiency, total harmonic distortion, etc. Previous works on a similar topology requires computationally intensive optimal modulation methods, which update every switching cycle. However, the proposed modulation parameters are analytically determined; hence, the controller only updates every line cycle, which is a significant reduction of control complexity. The proposed converter modulation scheme is designed and simulated in PSIM environment, which supports the theoretical analysis. A prototype was built for an experimental study. Results verifying the modulation scheme and the working principles of the converter are presented.
Pan-Tumor Pathologic Scoring of Response to PD-(L)1 Blockade

Purpose: Pathologic response assessment of tumor specimens from patients receiving systemic treatment provides an early indication of therapeutic efficacy and predicts long-term survival. Grading systems for pathologic response were first developed for chemotherapy in select tumor types. Immunotherapeutic agents have a mechanism of action distinct from chemotherapy and are being used across a broad array of tumor types. A standardized, universal scoring system for pathologic response that encompasses features characteristic for immunotherapy and spans tumor types is needed. Experimental Design: Hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides from neoadjuvant surgical resections and on-treatment biopsies were assessed for features of immune-related pathologic response (irPR). A total of 258 specimens from patients with 11 tumor types as part of ongoing clinical trials for anti-PD-(L)1 were evaluated. An additional 98 specimens from patients receiving anti-PD-(L)1 in combination with other treatments were also reviewed, including those from three additional tumor types. Results: Common irPR features (immune activation, cell death, tissue repair, and regression bed) were present in all tumor types reviewed, including melanoma, non–small cell lung, head and neck squamous cell, Merkel cell, and renal cell carcinoma, among others. Features were consistent across primary tumors, lymph nodes, and distant metastases. Specimens from patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1 in combination with another agent also exhibited irPR features. Conclusions: irPR features are consistent across tumor types and treatment settings. Standardized, pan-tumor irPR criteria (irPRC) are defined and associated specimen-handling considerations are described. Future, prospective studies are merited to validate irPRC in larger datasets and to associate pathologic features with long-term patient outcomes.
Toward a theory of justicecraft: language, narratives, and justice in restorative community conversations

In this article, I take up the call of restorative justice scholars, Mara Schiff and David Hooker, to examine the language and narratives about justice in restorative practices, both to identify wa...