cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
308 Administration of targeted therapy in children with NTRK rearranged mesenchymal neoplasms

The aim of this report is to present 2 patients diagnosed with neoplasm of mesenchymal origin, in whom NTRK inhibitor entrectinib was succesfully administered. The first patient presented at the age of 9 months as reccurent chalazion. During subsequent clinical and radiological follow-up a diagnosis of right upper eyelid tumor was made. Taking into account tumor localization, surgical procedure of a maximum possible tumor reduction was performed, unfortunately with positive resection margins. Histopthological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of „NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm’ according to the new 2020 WHO classification of soft tissue tumors. The neoplasm was charachterized by increased cellularity and relatively low mitotic activity. The possibility of an aggressive clinical course could not be excluded. Molecular analysis (FusionPlex Sarcoma Kit SAR6) verified an LMNA-NTRK fusion and oral entrectinib therapy was initiated. The patient has tolerated the medication very well and is without the radiological signs of eventual local relapse (magnetic resonance imaging). The second patient is a 12-year-old boy presenting with a solid expansive lesion of the lesser pelvis extending towards the groin and anterior abdominal wall (locoregional disease). Tumor tissue sampling comfirmed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy according to the EpSSG-NRSTS protocol and radiotherapy accomplished only partial reduction of the tumor mass prompting next generation sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (FoundationOne®Heme) that confirmed LMNA-NTRK1 fusion. Oral entrectinib has been initiated leading to tumor shrinkage that enabled complete surgical resection. The adverse effects registered in this case are one forearm fracture and increased appetite accompanied by significant weight gain that are diminished after medication dose reduction. In conclusion, implementation of the targeted therapy has enabled avoidance of mutilating surgery and adverse effecets of conventional cytostatic agents in the first case. Excellent control of malignant mesenchymal tumor has been achieved in the second case.
Environmental variability and longevity predict the speed of the acute glucocorticoid response across birds

The acute glucocorticoid response is a key mediator of the coordinated vertebrate response to unpredictable challenges. Rapid increases in glucocorticoids initiate a series of changes that can allow animals to effectively cope with or avoid stressors. It has become clear that the scope of the GC response--defined here as the absolute increase in GCs--is often associated with among-individual differences in performance and fitness and varies across species based on environment and life history. In addition to varying in scope, GC responses can differ enormously in speed; however, relatively little is known about whether speed and scope covary or how selection shapes variation in speed. We used a database of corticosterone samples collected at 5 time points from 1,750 individuals of 58 species of birds to ask i) how the speed and scope of the GC response covary among individuals and species and ii) whether variation among species in the speed of the response is predicted by environmental context or key life history traits. As predicted by a recent optimality model, faster absolute GC responses were strongly associated with a larger scope both among-individuals and among-species. Despite this covariation, the relative speed of the GC response (as a percentage of scope) varied independently of scope, suggesting that selection could operate on both features of the response independently. Species with faster relative GC responses lived in locations with more intra-season variation in temperature and had shorter lifespans. Our results suggest that rapid changes associated with the speed of the GC response, such as those occurring through non-genomic receptors, might be an important determinant of coping ability and we emphasize the need for studies explicitly designed to measure speed independently of scope.
Exploratory Analysis of Human-, Organizational-, and Project-Based Reworks: Challenges and Strategies

AbstractReworks are unavoidable during the design and construction phases of construction projects and significantly increase the time and cost required to complete projects. Several studies have b...
Mosaicism in Traditional Mendelian Diseases

Somatic mutations are post-zygotic mutational event that leads to generation of two or more genotypes within an individual. With the recent advances in genomic technologies, there is an increasing recognition of the role of somatic mosaicism in Mendelian disease. Somatic mutation can occur at the chromosomal or the DNA sequence level and the distribution of somatic mosaicism among tissues depends on the timing of the mutation during fetal development. Certain types of somatic mutations are lethal when present in the germline and hence, are only seen in the somatic state, while there are other somatic mutations that have a milder phenotype than when present in the germline. Presence of somatic mutations can also modulate the clinical phenotype of an individual in certain diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent updates on somatic mosaicism in Mendelian diseases, types of somatic mutations, and methods to detect these somatic mutations.
MD Simulations of Dusty Plasma Crystal Formation: Preliminary Results

In this paper we present some preliminary calculations of plasma crystal formation using molecular dynamics (MD) methods. A Yukawa potential is used to model the interaction of the charged grains shielded by the plasma, while an external potential is added to model effects imposed by the discharge. The external potential is based on the forces (electric, ion drag, gravity) experienced by charged grains in the trap regions and is modeled as a (asymmetric) Morse potential in the direction normal to the electrode. This is in contrast to the models that assume a parabolic potential. At present, our calculations do not include the effect of shielding due to ions streaming toward the electrodes. This process has been shown via particle orbit studies and crystal formation simulations that include ion dynamics to be a potentially important effect to explain the observed crystalline structure.
Implementing a complete control curriculum in the classroom

As the turn of the century approaches, we are entering a new realm in the field of automation and control. Personal computers (PCs) have become an integral part of the engineer's toolbox for providing a complete control solution. Controllers have become more sophisticated and the task of programming and designing systems that acquire and process data has become increasingly complex. Man-machine interfaces (MMI) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems have become the rule rather than the exception. This paper describes how, as these systems become commonplace in the industry, educators are being asked to provide a curriculum to produce graduates with the skills required to implement SCADA and MMI systems as part of an automated system design.
CTCP: a transparent centralized TCP/IP architecture for network security

Many nework security problems can be solved in a centralized TCP (CTCP) architecture, in which an organization's edge router transparently proxies every TCP connection between an internal host and an external host on the Internet. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a CTCP router prototype that is built on the Linux kernel. By redirecting all packets targeting at nonexistent or nonopen-to-public ports to a CTCP socket which pretends to be the original receivers, CTCP could confirm the real identification of the packet sources, collect suspicious traffic from them, and make an illusion that the scanned target ports are all open, thus renders port scanning an useless effort. Under CTCP architecture, external hosts only interacts with a secure CTCP router; therefore, any OS fingerprinting attempt and DoS/DDoS attack targeting at TCP/IP implementation bugs could be thwarted. Moreover, By further checking traffic originating from confirmed scanners, the CTCP router can actually identify buffer overflow attack traffic. Finally, the CTCP router solves the TCP connection hijacking problem by introducing an additional check on the sequence number filed of incoming packets. Despite providing a rich variety of protection, the CTCP architecture does not incur much overhead. On a 1.1 GHz Pentium-3 machine with gigabit Ethernet interfaces, the throughput of the CTCP router is 420.3 Mbits/sec, whereas the throughput of a generic Linux router on the same hardware is only 409.1 Mbits/sec.
Creating a virtual company and keeping it "in the black"

The Wireless Communication Enterprise (WCE) is one of 17 "virtual companies" in Michigan Tech's Enterprise Program, launched in the fall of 2000. The WCE consists of about 70 second to fourth year students committed to developing their entrepreneurial and R&D contract experience -for credit - in wireless and photonics technologies. While the author is the faculty advisor for the WCE, the students run the company, create their own product development ideas, negotiate contracts, hire and fire "employees," participate in profit sharing, and build very strong resumes before they graduate. The WCE business model is to create cash flow through R&D contracts with industry, and use the profits for internal product development initiatives. Ownership of the virtual company is very much in the hands of the students. This paper describes both the philosophical and practical aspects of the implementation and sustained growth of our virtual company.
Extension of a temperature effects model for capillary pressure saturation relations

[1] A series expression describing the effect of temperature on capillary pressure saturation relations was derived from the chemical thermodynamics of interfaces. Most systems studied could be described well by truncations of the series expression that retained one or two parameters. The one-parameter expression was appropriate for describing capillary pressures of soils experiencing modest changes in temperature. Thevan Genuchten [1980] equation modified with the one-parameter expression could be fitted precisely to 36 of 41 water-air capillary pressure saturation relations determined at more than one temperature. The residuals of the fitted equation were unaffected by degree of saturation. The one-parameter expression could describe equally well the effect of temperature on capillary pressures of homogeneous synthetic and natural heterogeneous porous media, for which a theoretical explanation was proposed. Asymptotic standard errors of the estimates for nonlinear regression analysis for the one-parameter expression fitted to water-oil and water-NAPL systems were of the order of the parameters themselves. This lack of fit may be more due to the wide temperature ranges studied for many of the water-oil and water-NAPL systems than the nature of the nonwetting phase. The two-parameter expression was appropriate for systems, such as petroleum reservoirs, subjected to pronounced changes in temperature. When compared to nonlinear regression fits to the one-parameter model, fits of van Genuchten's equation modified with the two-parameter expression generally reduced the errors of the parameter estimates but yielded only slight improvement in the mean square errors of the predicted values. A theoretical derivation indicates that the one-parameter expression should be appropriate also to describe the effect of temperature on the capillary pressures in very dry soils.
The origin of optical absorptions in heavy-metal fluoride glass. II, Surface-layer and bulk absorptions

Abstract HF degradation of the fluoride network in heavy-metal fluoride glass, in either the surface layer or bulk, is shown to reproduce the most significant optical absorption bands previously attributed to the OH− impurity arising from H2O degradation. A working model is developed, based on the postulate that the OH− impurity is unstable in the fluoride matrix because the H is abstracted to produce HF2−. The authors believe the antisymmetric-stretch mode of vibration of HF2− at different fluoride-fluoride separations explains the experimental results.
Role of apoptosis in acute neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract Many toxic factors are generated during stroke that contribute directly to the death of neurons. Several recent studies suggest that a suicide-like phenomena similar to apoptosis or programmed cell death also contributes to the loss of neurons in stroke. The evidence implicating apoptosis in stroke can be divided into three categories; biochemical, molecular and pharmacological. Biochemical evidence: One hallmark of apoptosis is the early activation of destructive enzymes, including endonucleases and proteases. Endonuclease-mediated DNA fragmentation can be observed within 4 h after focal cerebral ischemia and precedes morphological evidence of cell death. Cells with damaged DNA appear to concentrate in the salvageable tissue of the penumbra while necrosis predominates in areas where the sustained lack of blood flow may make tissue salvage impossible. Molecular evidence: Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic gene that confers the ability to block apoptosis from a wide variety of stimuli. The levels of bcl-2 can be enhanced by viral gene delivery or transgenic methodology. In cortical tissue where bcl-2 was elevated, neurons were protected from a subsequent ischemic attack. In contrast to bcl-2, p53 is a pro-apoptotic protein. Levels of p53 are elevated after cerebral ischemia and transgenic p53 knockouts exhibit smaller infarcts than wild type control mice. Pharmacological evidence: The process of apoptosis typically involves the activation of enzymes and genes, leading to an irreversible committment to die. Inhibition of new protein synthesis by cycloheximide reduces brain damage after a stroke, suggesting that newly synthesized proteins are contributing to the death of neurons. In addition, inhibition of calpain (an enzyme implicated in certain forms of apoptosis) protects neurons in models of global ischemia, focal ischemia, and hypoxia. In conclusion, the observation that an apoptotic-like process contributes to stroke may have important therapeutic implications since therapies that inhibit apoptosis improve outcome in experimental stroke.
Evaluation of 15-420 kV substation lightning arresters after 25 years of service

Surges caused by lightning and switching overvoltages in power systems continue to be a major loss for electrical utilities and customers. To reduce the losses of power system equipment caused by lightning and switching surges and to improve the reliability of power system operations, it is particularly important to evaluate the lightning arrester performances after some specified years of service. In this paper, some gapped SiC arresters rated from 15 kV to 420 kV have been evaluated after being in service for 25 years. According to ANSI/IEEE Std. C62.1-1984 and IEEE C62.11-1989 standards, power-frequency sparkover voltage, maximum 1.2/50 /spl mu/s lightning impulse sparkover voltage and front-of-wave impulse sparkover voltage have been studied. It is found that some of the tested arresters were still fitting well with the standard requirements, while some of them failed the evaluation. If these arresters are still to be used in power systems, it is a great economical benefit for utilities and customers. At the end of this paper, some failure reasons regarding gapped SiC arresters are discussed.
Floral-specific polypeptides of the Japanese morning glory.

Polypeptides from stems, leaves, sepals, corollas, stamens and pistils of the Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil Roth (Pharbitis nil Chois.)) were separated by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. The majority of polypeptides were expressed in two or more organs, while those specific to only one organ were comparatively rate. Among the polypeptides of the former class were two which appeared to be floral-specific. A 46-kDa (kilodalton) polypeptide was expressed in corollas, stamens and pistils, whereas a 32-kDa polypeptide was observed only in extracts prepared from reproductive organs. Polypeptide spots from the various organs were compared with those from leaves, and it was found that sepals and stems shared 40–50% of their polypeptides with leaves, whereas corollas, stamens and pistils shared 20% or less. The latter organs shared 120 polypeptides or roughly 15% of those identified in the floral extracts. Floralorgan-specific polypeptides comprised nearly 10% of the total floral polypeptides identified.
Experimental search for dynamic current oscillations in the quantum hall effect

Abstract We report on our search for the equivalent of a Josephson effect in the quantum Hall effect regime. The negative result of the experiment allows us to set an upper limit on such effects of ∼2×10 −4 of the predicted magnitude.
Symmetry breaking, diradicals, and Coping with and Coping without Ernest Davidson

This paper describes a collaboration between Professor Ernest Davidson and the author, which began in 1976 and lasted until Ernest left the University of Washington in 1984. During those 9 years we co-authored a total of 34 papers that described the results of ab initio calculations on a variety of different types of organic molecules, These included anti-aromatic annulenes, carbanions, carbenes, conjugated radicals and radical cations, and non-Kekle hydrocarbon diradicals. Our collaboration led to insights about symmetry breaking, both real and artefactual, which formed the basis for a frequently-cited review article on this subject that we co-authored. However, our most often-referenced paper was concerned with predicting the sizes and signs of the singlet-triplet splittings in diradicals, based on whether or not the non-bonding Huckel molecular orbitals of a diradical can be chosen so that they are confined to disjoint sets of atoms. In 1984, we co-authored a paper on the Cope rearrangement. Since then...
Creation of dense hydroxyapatite (synthetic bone) by hydrothermal conversion of seashells

Abstract Strombus gigas (conch) shells and Tridacna gigas (Giant clam) shells have dense, tailored structures that impart excellent mechanical properties to these shells. In this study, conch and clam seashells were converted to hydroxyapatite (HAP) by a hydrothermal method at different temperatures and for different conversion durations. Dense HAP structures were created from these shells throughout the majority of the samples. High temperatures were found to accelerate the conversion process, however, cracks were found on the surface of the samples converted at high temperature or for very long conversion times. The conversion at 180 °C, refreshing the diammonium hydrogen phosphate [(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ] solution every 2 days, produced samples of good quality. Different morphologies of HAP were found in different regions of the converted shells, which may be caused by different structural morphologies and in different amounts of porosity in the original shells. Partially converted shell samples with dense HAP layers on the surface growing inward and original shell structures inside have an average fracture stress about 137–218 MPa, which is close to the mechanical strength of compact human bone.
Synthesis of waveguide mode control devices based on aperiodic gratings

Various applications of the scattering optimization method for the design of mode control devices are presented. These include the design of a highly efficient (97.86%) and compact aperiodic grating for TE02- to TE01-mode conversion in a circular waveguide, the design of a waveguide transition or taper, and the design of an efficient mode filter. Dielectric waveguide applications of the method are also discussed.
Earth systems science: An analytic framework

Earth Systems Science (ESS) is emerging rapidly as a discipline and is being used to replace the older earth science education that has been taught as unrelated disciplines—geology, meteorology, astronomy, and oceanography. ESS is complex and is based on the idea that the earth can be understood as a set of interacting natural and social systems. An analytic, metalevel framework is needed to understand the complexity. The framework specifies a set of metalevel essential ideas and analytic concepts that can be applied to understand the substantive structures of ESS—the essential ideas describe the general nature of earth systems, and the analytic concepts describe types of discipline-specific concepts such as the materials, processes, and variables of earth systems. An analysis for the phenomenon of carbon cycling is provided as an example. The framework allows one to determine whether what is to be taught is complete and coherent and can be used to conduct research and evaluations of curriculum, teachers' knowledge, and students' knowledge in a systematic manner. Sets of studies completed using the ESS analytic framework will allow comparability across subjects that is currently lacking. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:1066–1085, 2011
Gaussian limit theorems for diffusion processes and an application

Abstract Suppose that L=∑ i, j=1 d a ij (x)∂ 2 /∂x i ∂x j is uniformly elliptic. We use X L ( t ) to denote the diffusion associated with L. In this paper we show that, if the dimension of the set {x : [a ij (x)]≠ 1 2 I} is strictly less than d, the random variable (X L (T)−X L (0))/ T converges in distribution to a standard Gaussian random variable. In fact, we also provide rates of convergence. As an application, these results are used to study a problem of a random walk in a random environment.
Paradox of simultaneous intestinal ischaemia and hyperaemia in inflammatory bowel disease

This review has focused on evidence regarding intestinal perfusion of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Basic investigation has defined an altered microvascular anatomy in the affected IBD bowel, which corresponds with diminished mucosal perfusion in the setting of chronic, long-standing inflammation. Diminished perfusion is linked to impaired wound healing, and may contribute to the continued refractory mucosal damage, which characterizes IBD. Alterations in vascular anatomy and physiology in IBD suggests additional possible mechanisms by which micro-vessels may contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of IBD. This begs the following questions: will angiogenesis within the gut lead to sustained inflammation, does the growing vasculature generate factors that transform the surrounding tissue and does angiogenesis generate vascular anastomosis within the gut, with shunting of blood away from the mucosal surface, impairment of metabolism and potentiation of gut damage? Further studies are required to define the mechanisms that underlie the vascular dysfunction and its role in pathophysiology of IBD.
Clinical factors associated with dense and wedge-shaped nephrograms detected 24 h after chemoembolization.

This investigation aimed to evaluate patient characteristics and procedural factors associated with abnormal nephrograms encountered on noncontrast computed axial tomography (CAT) obtained 24-h after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies. Sixty hepatic chemoembolization procedures were performed in 29 patients who had a median age of 63 years (range 42–79). The male-to-female ratio was 16:13. Noncontrast CAT scans were obtained approximately 24 h after TACE as part of our institutional protocol and were examined for persistent renal nephrograms. These findings were compared with clinical and procedural parameters to determine whether there was any association with these factors or with the occurrence of acute renal failure (ARF). Abnormally persistent CAT nephrograms were observed 24 h after 28 of 60 (46.7%) TACE procedures, of which 14 (23.3%) were persistent, bilaterally dense, global nephrograms, and 14 (23.3%) were small, wedge-shaped, and focal nephrograms. The change in serum creatinine from baseline to 24 h was significantly greater (p = 0.031) in the global nephrogram group. The presence of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh score, procedure time, baseline renal insufficiency, and lower periprocedural mean arterial blood pressure were also statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of bilateral globally dense nephrograms. The procedure time was statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of wedge-like focally persistent nephrograms. Global, persistently dense nephrograms and wedge-shaped focally persistent nephrograms are not infrequently observed after TACE. Persistent global nephrograms can be an important clinical indicator of ARF. The wedge nephrogram may represent focal renal ischemia.
Cholinergic modulation of trace conditioning trained in serial compound : A developmental analysis

Abstract In four experiments the effects of serial compound conditioning on responding to a trace-conditioned CS were evaluated using a fear conditioning paradigm. The subjects were 18- and 25-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats, previously shown to exhibit little or no trace fear conditioning. Here, animals as young as 18 days of age were shown to be capable of trace conditioning between a visual CS1 and a shock US, provided the trace interval was filled with a non-target CS2 during serial conditioning trials (CS1 → CS2 → US). To explore cholinergic mechanisms involved in trace and serial conditioning, additional experiments assessed conditioned responding following pre-training administration of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine. Scopolamine produced a dose-dependent reduction in responding to the trace CS1, regardless of whether subjects were trained with standard trace (CS1 → trace interval → US) or serial (CS1 → CS2 → US) trials. Responding to CS2 was unaffected by scopolamine. These data suggest that central cholinergic systems are functional in the young animals, but are not normally sufficiently activated by standard trace conditioning procedures. The results suggest that serial compound conditioning can promote trace conditioning in young rats, as it does in adults, perhaps by enhancing cholinergic activity during training. Implications for the late ontogenetic emergence of trace conditioning as it relates to maturation of neural pathways and their role in the potentiating effects of a gap filler are discussed.
Ultrastructural changes in the nymphal salivary glands of the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, during feeding.

Abstract Changes occurring in the salivary glands of the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris , during feeding have been investigated by light and electron microscopy. Anatomically, the salivary glands consist of two glandular masses, lying in the lateral regions of the body cavity, which are composed of numerous alveoli of two distinct types: (1) non-granule-containing, and (2) granule-containing alveoli, referred to as type I and II alveoli respectively. Type I alveoli lack granules and appear to contribute very little to the salivary secretion, whereas type II alveoli contain two granule types in unfed ticks and three types in actively feeding ticks. Histochemical staining was used in the tentative determination of the chemical composition of some of the granules present in the type II alveoli and possible functions of these granules are considered in relation to feeding mechanisms in ixodid ticks. Also discussed is the possible functional significance of type I alveoli in water transport and ionic regulation as these relate to concentration of the blood meal.
Establishment of the Coast Range ophiolite microbial observatory (CROMO): drilling objectives and preliminary outcomes

Abstract. This project aimed to establish a subsurface microbial observatory in ultramafic rocks, by drilling into an actively serpentinizing peridotite body, characterizing cored rocks, and outfitting the boreholes for a program of long-term observation and experimentation to resolve the serpentinite-hosted subsurface biosphere. We completed drilling in August 2011, drilling two boreholes with core recovery and possibility for down-hole experimentation, and six smaller-diameter monitoring wells arrayed around the two primary holes, in the Coast Range ophiolite (CRO) locality in the UC-Davis McLaughlin Natural Reserve, Lower Lake, CA. Every effort was made during drilling to keep the cores and wells as free of drilling-induced contamination as possible: clean, purified water was used as drilling fluid, fluorescent microbead tracers were suspended in that water for quantification of drilling fluid penetration into the cores, and high resolution next generation sequencing approaches were used to characterize the microbial populations in the drill fluids and core materials. In December 2011, we completed installation of well pumps (slow flow bladder pumps) in the monitoring wells, and have deployed a set of in situ incubation experiments in the two uncased boreholes. Preliminary findings illustrate natural variability in actively serpentinizing strata, and confirm distinct groundwater flow regimes and microbial ecosystems in (a) shallow, surface-impacted soil water horizons and (b) deeper, ultramafic bedrock-sourced formation fluids.
Prey capture in frogs: alternative strategies, biomechanical trade‐offs, and hierarchical decision making

Frogs exhibit flexible repertoires of prey-capture behavior, which depend primarily on visual analysis of prey attributes. We review three examples of how visual cues are used to modulate prey-capture strategies. (1) Dyscophus guineti modulates tongue aiming in response to prey location. These frogs turn only their heads to apprehend prey located at azimuths 40°, the frogs switch from this strategy to one in which both head and tongue are aimed toward prey. (2) Rana pipiens modulates its feeding behavior in response to prey size, using tongue prehension for capturing small prey but switching to jaw prehension to capture large prey. (3) In Cyclorana novaehollandiae, visual processing of prey attributes involves hierarchical decision making. These frogs first assess prey size. For large prey, they ignore velocity but not shape. For small prey, they ignore shape but not velocity. Alternative prey-capture strategies are associated with biomechanical trade-offs that result from the interaction between the feeding apparatus and varying attributes of prey. Alternative strategies likely exist because biomechanical constraints prevent any one strategy from being effective over a range of prey attributes. Taken together, these studies emphasize the requirement that predators must somehow tune prey-capture kinematics simultaneously to multiple attributes of prey. In frogs, the choice among alternative prey-capture strategies involves a hierarchical decision-making process. Hierarchical decision making is expected to be widespread among animals. However, no previous studies were found except for humans, who frequently use this type of approach to make complex decisions.
Memorial Agon: An interpretive tour of the national civil rights museum

In 1991, the Lorraine Motel—infamous site of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination—reopened to the public under a refurbished name and identity: the National Civil Rights Museum. Although the remodeled interior looks nothing like it did in 1968, the balcony and motel rooms where the assassination took place have been preserved as a shrine to Dr. King. This essay explores the symbolic tension between the museum and Jacqueline Smith, a former resident of the Lorraine Motel who has protested the museums appropriation of King's memory since her eviction in 1988. Although Smith disrupts the community constituted in the museum, this disruption opens a space that encourages a more critical approach to King's memory and the museum's discourse. As a representation of African American heritage and identity, the National Civil Rights Museum underscores the rhetorical complexity of public memorializing when the distinction between official and vernacular cultural expression is obscured.
Requirement for Progesterone Priming and Its Long-Term Effects on Implantation in the Mouse

AbstractAt least 48 hr of progesterone (P4) priming has been documented to be essential for P4 and estrogen to initiate implantation in the rat. However, the length of this P4 priming requirement f...
Modification of cardiac activity in response to dehydration in the terrestrial slug, Limax maximus

The level of body hydration in the terrestrial slug Limax maximus modifies several aspects of behavior such as pneumostome activity, feeding responsiveness, huddling, and contact-rehydration. The relationship between water balance and pneumostome activity and respiratory function suggested that cardiac activity might also be affected. To pursue this possibility, intact slugs and isolated heart-central nervous system (CNS) preparations were used to investigate cardiac responses to the increase in hemolymph osmolality which occurs during dehydration. In intact animals, heart rate increased in response to progressive air-dehydration and to increases in hemolymph osmolality resulting from injections of hyperosmotic solutions of mannitol or NaCl. In isolated preparations, the heart or CNS were separately exposed to hyperosmotic saline. Exposure of the heart alone to hyperosmotic saline resulted in decreased heart rate while exposure of only the CNS resulted in an increase in heart rate. These observations suggest that the increase in heart rate that is observed in intact air-dehydrated slugs is primarily mediated by the CNS.
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION : XXI. THE PURIFICATION OF RENIN

1. Extraction of finely ground fresh hog kidney with distilled water adjusted to pH 7.8 with sodium hydroxide, followed by successive treatment, as described, with trichloroacetic acid and acetone, gives renin in good yield of a purity suitable for physiological studies and a good starting material for further purification. It contains 15 dog units per mg. N. 2. Further successive purification of this material with ethyl alcohol and ammonium sulfate gives a preparation containing 130 dog units per mg. N. The purest preparation hitherto reported (15) contained 16.0 to 20.8 units per mg. N. Preliminary Tiselius electrophoresis studies suggest homogeneity, but further studies to establish purity are in progress. 3. The properties of the most purified renin indicate that it is a protein. Its chemical and physiological properties correspond to those of the material in crude renal extract which induces an elevation of blood pressure when it is injected intravenously.
Evaluation of bipolar electrocoagulation in canine stomachs.

Can a bipolar electrode effectively induce hemostasis while minimizing tissue damage? First, the coagulating effects of bipolar and unipolar electrodes were compared in a systematic series of applications to normal canine mucosa. In histologic sections there was consistently less muscle necrosis following coagulation by the bipolar electrode. Coagulation of inflamed tissue was evaluated using 5-day-old artificial ulcers. There was no difference in depth of necrosis between control and coagulated lesions. Finally, using a bleeding ulcer model, the bipolar electrode was shown to induce hemostasis without significant muscle necrosis. The bipolar electrode is safe and effective in the models used and offers distinct advantages over the unipolar electrode.
Adverse effect of a sucrose-based semipurified diet on development and postnatal growth of fischer rats

A commercially prepared semipurified diet (Bio-Serve No. 0006Q) composed of chemically defined ingredients was fed to male and female F344 rats before mating, to females during gestation, and to the offspring after weaning. Compared to rats treated similarly but fed a standard, cereal-based chow (Agway CR RMH 3000), offspring on the semipurified diet exhibited markedly retarded growth. At 12 weeks of age, the deficits in body weight were accompanied by decreased absolute organ weights, increased organ-to-body weight ratios, increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and development of hepatic periportal lipidosis in both male and female offspring on the semipurified diet. The deficits in body weight are explained, in part, by decreased intake of the semipurified diet, most likely attributable to its high sucrose content. Investigators are cautioned about the inadequacy of certain semipurified diets for development and postnatal growth of F344 rats.
Wavering Equilibriums Subsystem Dynamics and Agenda Control

A wavering equilibrium theory of subsystem politics is developed to distinguish between three types of subsystem politics. I suggest that subsystem players' ability to control the policy agenda var...
Design and Synthesis of a Transferable Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Analogue to Ras by Protein Farnesyltransferase

The posttranslational addition of a farnesyl moiety to the Ras oncoprotein is essential for its membrane localization and is required for both its biological activity and ability to induce malignant transformation. We describe the design and synthesis of a farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) analogue, 8-anilinogeranyl pyrophosphate 3 (AGPP), in which the ω-terminal isoprene unit of the farnesyl group has been replaced with an aniline functionality. The key steps in the synthesis are the reductive amination of the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde 5 to form the lipid analogue 6, and the subsequent conversion of the allylic alcohol 7 to the chloride 8 via Ph3PCl2 followed by displacement with [(n-Bu)4N]3HP2O7 to give AGPP (3). AGPP is a substrate for protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) and is transferred to Ras by FTase with the same kinetics as the natural substrate, FPP. AGPP is highly selective, showing little inhibitory activity against either geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGTase I) (Ki = 0.06 μM, IC50 = 2...
Angina caused by reduced vasodilator reserve of the small coronary arteries

To study the mechanism of chest pain in patients vvith insignificant large vessel coronary artery disease, 22 patients underwent great cardiac vein flow, coronary resistance and lactate determinations at rest and with coronary sinus pacing followed by coronary arteriography. Nine patients experiencing chest pain with pacing demonstrated significantly lesser increase in flow from base-line values (45 ± 30versus86 ± 50% [mean ± standard deviation], p After administration of ergonovine, 0.15 mg intravenously, 2 of 20 patients experienced spontaneous chest pain, which was associated with the greatest decrease in flow ( - 13 and -21%, respectively) and increase in resistance ( + 26 and +39%, respectively) of any patient. Pacing resulted in chest pain in 10 of the remaining 18 patients, including 5 patients who had not experienced chest pain during the control pacing study. Although none of these patients exhibited significant epicardial coronary artery narrowing on arteriography, their flow increased less (38 ± 12 versus 126 ± 68%, p These findings suggest that some patients with atypical chest pain have inappropriate coronary arteriolar or small coronary artery constriction with abnormal vasodilator reserve in response to atrial pacing. The abnormality can be unmasked or exacerbated in some patients by vasoconstrictor stimuli, but cannot be identified with standard angiographic assessment of “spasm” because abnormal vasoconstriction occurs in vessels too small to be visualized by angiography.
An expert system for statistical consulting

The authors have developed an expert system for the analysis of variance to provide guidance to the data analyst on preparing data, selecting statistical methods and choosing computer programs. This system queries the user on the type of data, sampling method and design considerations. It then suggests an appropriate analysis of variance routine and statistical package. The system provides help in understanding the computer output and with model evaluation. The primary user is a scientist with some knowledge of statistics. This system gives the user easy access to statistical expertise and frees the consultant from some important but routine tasks. It may also be a tool to train users and statistical consultants. A significant benefit of this exercise was an increased understanding of the statistical strategies used by consultants and the complexity of the statistical consulting process between humans. This paper will focus on the problem formulation, acquisition of the knowledge base, the model structure...
Analysis of electrically-small metamaterials with lumped tuning elements through a time domain coupled EM-circuit solver

A time domain integral equation based EM-circuit coupled solver is used to simulate metamaterials with lumped circuit elements, and physical properties are then extracted through a generalized constitutive relation. The simulation results point to the possible flexibility of tuning and scaling of metamaterial elements with a consequent effect on the required size of radiating structures and antennas. The proposed method is sufficiently general to model arbitrary active and passive loads.
TRICHO-RHINO-PHALANGEAL (TRP) SYNDROME: VARYING EX- PRESSIVITY AND PROGRESSION OF SKELETAL ABNORMALITIES

TRP syndrome includes pear-shaped nose; thin, slowly-growing hair and clinobrachydactyly with cone-shaped epiphyses. Most reports have dealt either with few affected individuals within a family or with sporadic cases, thus limiting the recognition of the scope of manifestations of the syndrome and the definition of its mode of determination. This records the first pedigree involving multiple affected members in three generations. Fifty percent of individuals born to an affected parent had TRP syndrome, sex ratio was 1:1 and there was male to male transmission, confirming autosomal dominant inheritance. Evaluation of 21 affected individuals (ages newborn to 65 years) demonstrated variability in expression with most of the characteristic features present in 18 and lack of hair changes or facial abnormalities with minimal hand involvement and normal stature in the rest. Pattern profile of the hands helped corroborate the diagnosis in mildly affected patients. Older individuals showed progressive kyphoscoliosis, pectus carinatum and protrusio acetabulae. Epiphyseal changes other than coning, such as small size, fragmentation and aseptic necrosis, were observed in several individuals. A 34-year-old patient with aseptic necrosis of the femoral heads required bilateral hip prosthesis. Our observations emphasize the need to periodically evaluate the extent of skeletal involvement in affected individuals and to examine parents of presumably sporadic cases to detect minimal expressivity.
Introducing gender to the critique of privatized public space

Urban design scholars denounce the recent trend towards the privatization of US public space. Critics emphasize the negative consequences of privatized public space, tied to private ownership, an emphasis on consumption, leisure and security, a targeted audience, and controlled behaviour and design. Yet these key qualities of privatized public spaces have meaning only in the context of one's identity. The same qualities shape experiences of privatized public spaces that can be understood as constrained, as constraining or as a form of resistance, depending on one's gender, race, class and sexuality. This paper challenges the prevailing design critique by examining women's experience of privatized public spaces, drawing on interviews with 43 middle‐class women and behavioural mapping in five privatized public spaces in Orange County, California. Recommendations address changes to research and practice to better reflect and accommodate diverse experiences of public space.
Impedance studies of polycrystalline tin oxide

Polycrystalline SnO2 samples prepared in the laboratory were irradiated with 2 MeV He ions having doses of 3.62 · 10 15 ion/cm 2 . The ac small- signal electrical data acquired for the polycrystalline SnO2 in the frequency (f) range 100 Hz £ f £ 1 MHz and temperature (T) range 26 � C £ T £ 100 � C revealed one semicircular relaxation in the impedance plane for the He implanted sample. However, two semicircular relaxations were obtained in the same plane for the samples without He implantation. The He implantation indicated enhancement in the donor density in the polycrystalline SnO2 as depicted via terminal conductance (or resistance).
Auxiliary power supply for Solid State Transformers

In contrast to traditional 60 Hz transformer, solid state transformer (SST) offers power flow control, integration of renewables and maintaining grid stability in high renewable penetration scenario. Like a typical power converter, SST requires low voltage (24 V dc) power for its control and sensing circuits. In running condition, this power is derived from its low voltage dc bus at 400 V. But it is challenging to derive it during start-up, because the only source available during start-up is the distribution grid at 7.2 kV, 60 Hz. Due to high input voltage (7.2 kV, 60 Hz), deriving a control supply of about 150 W, even for just start-up duration of about 200 ms, presents a novel power electronics problem. In this paper, two solutions have been proposed to address this issue, by taking a 20 kVA, 6.5 kV Si IGBT and 15 kV SiC MOSFET based SSTs as the reference converters. The first solution is generic and is based on storing the required start-up energy in a dc capacitance. This is based on developing a cost-effective high voltage switch using low voltage IGBTs with self-driven functionality. The second solution, applicable only to SST topologies with high voltage ac capacitive filter, is to tap the energy from the capacitor itself. The fundamental constraints considered for both the solutions are practical feasibility at high voltage (7.2 kV ac or over 10 kV dc), power loss, size, weight and cost-effectiveness. Experimental validation of extracting continuous power for the IGBT gate driver ICs from the snubber is presented with 200 V input. And, the results of the auxiliary power derivation from the filter capacitor are shown with 5.7 kV ac input.
Enhanced Protein Synthesis in a Cell-Free System from Hypertrophied Skeletal Muscle

Hypertrophy of the rat soleus muscle was induced by tenotomy of the synergistic muscles. Four days after the operation, the weight of the muscle had increased by 30 percent. The hypertrophied muscle had an increased concentration of DNA and RNA, when compared to the contralateral control soleus. Although the amount of myofibrillar protein increased during the 4-day period, the concentration of this component decreased. Microsomes prepared from hypertrophied muscle had an increased RNA concentration. The combined microsomes and pH-5 enzyme from hypertrophied muscle supported a faster rate of protein synthesis in vitro than the same system prepared from an equal weight of contralateral muscle which was used as a control.
Support and Temperature Effects in Platinum Clusters. 1. Spatial Structure

The effects of Bronsted acidity on the spatial structure and electronic properties of platinum clusters supported on zeolite Y have been examined with X-ray absorption (XANES and EXAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The clusters contain 10−25 Pt atoms on average, with a nearest-neighbor distance of 2.70 ± 0.01 A. Static disorder in the atomic distribution−while certainly present in the supported metal−is shown to be symmetric on average. Increasing Bronsted acidity of the zeolite support has no measurable systematic effect on the spatial structure of the clusters but results in reproducible 5−10% enhancement of near-edge features in the L2,3 X-ray absorption spectra, as well as 0.2−0.3 eV shifts in Pt 4f and 4d core-level binding energies and valence-band thresholds. Evidence is presented that the interaction between the electronic levels of the cluster and the support is not dominated by charge-transfer effects but results in the creation of unoccupied antibonding states above the Fermi level. St...