cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Origin of thick, first-cycle quartz arenite successions: Evidence from the 1.7 Ga Ortega Group, northern New Mexico

Abstract The 1700-Ma-old Ortega Group in northern New Mexico represents a > 1000-m-thick succession of metamorphosed quartz arenites and subordinate pelites. Published ages of detrital zircon grains from the Ortega Group indicate that the sediments were derived mainly from 1760-1700-Ma-old volcano-plutonic basement rocks and not from the Archean Wyoming Province to the north. Evidence for recycling within the Ortega Group also is lacking. Consequently, the Ortega Group quartz arenites are considered to be first-cycle sediments. The compositional and textural maturity of these sandstones is attributed to intense chemical and mechanical weathering. Abnormally high Al contents of pelites within the Ortega Group imply intense chemical weathering in the provenance similar to present-day low-relief tropical regions. Quartz arenites in the Ortega Group were deposited exclusively within a shallow-marine shelf environment influenced by tide, storm and wave processes. Prolonged sediment transport, especially on the tide-dominated inner shelf, in conjunction with inferred gradual subsidence optimized mechanical destruction of labile grains and rounding of quartz grains. Although the maturity of sediments in the Ortega Group can be accounted for, the mode of origin of > 850 m of quartz arenites remains enigmatic. Thick quartz arenite sequences of global distribution in the Phanerozoic coincide with first-order eustatic sea-level rises. World-wide occurrences of 1700-Ma-old, thick quartz arenite shelf successions suggest that the Ortega Group may have accumulated in response to a similar major eustatic sea-level rise.
A leucine repeat in the carnosinase gene CNDP1 is associated with diabetic end-stage renal disease in European Americans.

Background. Four linkage analyses have identified a region on chromosome 18q22-23 that appears to harbour a diabetic nephropathy (DN) susceptibility locus. A trinucleotide repeat sequence in exon 2 of the carnosinase gene (CNDP1) residing on 18q22.3 was subsequently associated with DN in European Caucasians and Arabs. Methods. We evaluated the role of the CNDP1 5 leucine/5 leucine (5-5) polymorphism (CNDP1 Mannheim) in diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD) susceptibility in 858 European Americans: 294 with type 2 DN-associated ESRD (DN-ESRD), 258 with diabetes mellitus (DM) lacking nephropathy and 306 healthy controls. Results. Subjects with DM lacking nephropathy were significantly more likely to be homozygous for the 5-leucine repeat CNDP1 genotype (5-5), compared with those with DN–ESRD (P ¼ 0.02). Healthy controls were also more likely to be homozygous for the 5-5 genotype, compared with those with DN–ESRD (P ¼ 0.008). No significant difference in 5-5 genotype frequency was observed between healthy controls and DM cases without nephropathy (P ¼ 0.74). Conclusion. European Americans homozygous for the 5-5 leucine repeat polymorphism in the CNDP1 gene are at significantly reduced risk for developing diabetic ESRD. This replicates the CNDP1 gene association with DN that was initially detected in European Caucasians and in Arabs, and further demonstrates that the CNDP1 gene and carnosine pathway appear to play a role in susceptibility to DN.
Effectiveness of motivational interviewing interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change: a meta-analytic review.

Objective This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change. Method Literature searches of electronic databases were undertaken in addition to manual reference searches of identified review articles. Databases searched include PsycINFO, PUBMED/MEDLINE, and Educational Resources Information Center. Twenty-one independent studies, representing 5,471 participants, were located and analyzed. Results An omnibus weighted mean effect size for all identified MI interventions revealed a small, but significant, posttreatment effect size (mean d = .173, 95% CI [.094, .252], n = 21). Small, but significant, effect sizes were observed at follow-up suggesting that MI interventions for adolescent substance use retain their effect over time. MI interventions were effective across a variety of substance use behaviors, varying session lengths, and different settings, and for interventions that used clinicians with different levels of education. Conclusions The effectiveness of MI interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change is supported by this meta-analytic review. In consideration of these results, as well as the larger literature, MI should be considered as a treatment for adolescent substance use.
Extending typestate checking using conditional liveness analysis

The authors present a practical extension to typestate checking, which is capable of proving programs free of uninitialized variable errors even when these programs contain conditionally initialized variables where the initialization of a variable depends upon the equality of one or more tag variables to a constant. The user need not predeclare the relationship between a conditionally initialized variable and its tags, and this relationship may change from one point in the program to another. The technique generalizes liveness analysis to conditional liveness analysis. Like typestate checking, this technique incorporates a dataflow analysis algorithm in which each point in a program is labeled with a lattice point describing statically tracked information, including the initialization of variables. The labeling is then used to check for programming errors such as referencing a variable which may be uninitialized. >
Electrocardiogram of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants.

The electrocardiogram of an infant with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA, Bland-White-Garland syndrome) usually shows typical signs of an anterolateral myocardial infarction, manifested by abnormal Q waves in leads I, avL, V5, and V6, as well as by transient ST changes in these leads. Because 20–45 % of such patients do not show abnormal Q waves, the diagnosis should be strongly suspected if there is an abnormal R wave progression in the chest leads.
Treatment of keratoderma blennorrhagicum with tazarotene gel 0.1

We report near clearing of keratoderma blennorrhagicum following topical application of tazarotene gel 0.1%. This is the first report detailing the use of tazarotene gel for this purpose.
Endogenous Lipogenic Regulators of Spore Balance in Aspergillus nidulans

The ability of fungi to produce both meiospores and mitospores has provided adaptive advantages in survival and dispersal of these organisms. Here we provide evidence of an endogenous mechanism that balances meiospore and mitospore production in the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. We have discovered a putative dioxygenase, PpoC, that functions in association with a previously characterized dioxygenase, PpoA, to integrate fatty acid derived oxylipin and spore production. In contrast to PpoA, deletion of ppoC significantly increased meiospore production and decreased mitospore development. Examination of the PpoA and PpoC mutants indicate that this ratio control is associated with two apparent feedback loops. The first loop shows ppoC and ppoA expression is dependent upon, and regulates the expression of, nsdD and brlA, genes encoding transcription factors required for meiospore or mitospore production, respectively. The second loop suggests Ppo oxylipin products antagonistically signal the generation of Ppo substrates. These data support a case for a fungal “oxylipin signature-profile” indicative of relative sexual and asexual spore differentiation.
Comparison of Keratinocytes and Lymphocytes on Sulfur Mustard-Dependent Changes in Cell Yield and Viability

In comparing the effects of sulfur mustard (SM)-induced cell death in adult cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), we observed an SM concentration- and time-dependent loss of NHEK and PBL viability as measured by propidium iodide exclusion. By this parameter alone, PBL appeared more susceptible to SM-induced cytotoxicity than NHEK, as previously reported. However, there was a concentration- and time-dependent loss of NHEK yield that was not observed in PBL. Keratinocyte yield was approximately 46% and 8% of control cells at 12 and 24 hours, respectively, following exposure to 0.3 mM SM. The decrease in NHEK yield was associated with an increase in trypan blue-stained fragments observed on slides. Fragments were not observed on slides of SM-exposed PBL cultures. These results suggest that SM causes fragmentation of cultured NHEK and subsequently results in a lower cell yield. The fragmented dead NHEK are not included in the total cell count when percent viability is determined by propidium iodide exclusion. Therefore, cytotoxicity of SM in NHEK is greater than that reflected by dye exclusion alone. Actual viable cell count, which considers both propidium iodide exclusion and cell yield, indicates NHEK are more susceptible than PBL to SM-induced cytotoxicity, contrary to previously published reports. Cell yield must be taken into account when using in vitro models to study not only viability, but also any quantitative biochemical changes induced by SM.
Newman's Theory of Health as Praxis:

Newman presents an overview of her theory of health as expanding consciousness in the context of her odyssey for appropriate research methodology. She identifies the perspective that directs her theory and research as the evolving pattern of the whole and credits Rogers' theory of unitary human beings as providing direction for the development of this theory. Bohm's theory of implicate order, Prigogine's theory of dissipative structures, and Young's theory of human evolution are in corporated as supportive to the theory. The author advocates research as praxis and emphasizes process as content. A priori theory is central to the research aimed at recognition of the pattern of evolving conscious ness and its action potential.
Biliary adenocarcinoma in a stranded northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris).

A stranded adult female northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) was admitted to a rehabilitation hospital grossly underweight and lethargic in April 2001. The animal was icteric, had severe bilirubinemia, and elevated serum gamma glutamyl transferase concentrations. Laparoscopy under anesthesia revealed multiple masses up to 3 cm diameter throughout the liver and spleen and the animal was euthanized. Abnormal gross postmortem findings included green serous fluid in the abdominal cavity and 0.5 to 3 cm diameter yellow nodules scattered throughout the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Histopathology revealed a biliary adenocarcinoma with metastases to the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, and pancreas. This is believed to be the first reported case of neoplasia in a northern elephant seal
Renal Dopamine System: Paracrine Regulator of Sodium Homeostasis and Blood Pressure

All of the components of a complete dopamine system are present within the kidney, where dopamine acts as a paracrine substance in the control of sodium excretion. Dopamine receptors can be divided into D 1 -like (D 1 and D 5 ) receptors that stimulate adenylyl cyclase and D 2 -like (D 2 , D 3 , and D 4 ) receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclase. All 5 receptor subtypes are expressed in the kidney, albeit in low copy. Dopamine is synthesized extraneuronally in proximal tubule cells, exported from these cells largely into the tubule lumen, and interacts with D 1 -like receptors to inhibit the Na + -H + exchanger and Na + ,K + -ATPase, decreasing tubule sodium reabsorption. During moderate sodium surfeit, dopamine tone at D 1 -like receptors accounts for ≈50% of sodium excretion. In experimental and human hypertension, 2 renal dopaminergic defects have been described: (1) decreased renal generation of dopamine and (2) a D 1 receptor-G protein coupling defect. Both defects lead to renal sodium retention, and each may play an important role in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension.
Optimization of a two-dimensional photonic-crystal waveguide branch by simulated annealing and the finite-element method

The finite-element method including simulated annealing algorithm is adopted for the analysis and optimization of photonic-crystal waveguiding structures. The dispersion relations of the photonic-crystal waveguides are found by solution of an eigenvalue equation. The waveguide structures including bends and branches are analyzed by use of a scattering formulation. The symmetry of the structure is exploited to classify the modes as well as to reduce the computations. Based on the transmission spectra of a waveguide’s bends and branches, a branch is optimized by use of the simulated annealing algorithm.
Functional interactions of ligand cofactors with Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho. I. Binding of ATP.

Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho is an RNA-dependent ATPase, and ATPase activity is required for all its functions. We have characterized the binding of ATP to the physiologically relevant hexameric association state of rho in the absence of RNA and have shown that there are six ATP binding sites per rho hexamer. This stoichiometry has been verified by a number of different techniques, including ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, and fluorescence titration studies. We have also shown that ATP can bind to isolated monomers of rho when the hexamer is dissociated with the mild denaturant myristyltrimethylammonium bromide, demonstrating that each promoter of rho carries an ATP binding site. The six binding sites that we observe in the rho hexamer are not equivalent; the hexamer contains three strong (Ka approximately 3 x 10(6) M-1) and three weak (Ka approximately 10(5) M-1) binding sites for ATP. The binding constant of the weak binding site is just the reciprocal of the enzymatic Km for ATP as a substrate; thus these weak sites, as well as the strong sites, can, in principle, take part in the catalytic cycle. The asymmetry induced (or manifested) by ATP binding reduces the symmetry of the rho hexamer from a D3 to a pseudo-D3 state. This "breakage" of symmetry has implications for the molecular mechanism of rho, because an asymmetric structure can lead to directional helicase activity by invoking directionally distinct RNA binding and release reactions (see Geiselmann, J., Yager, T.D., & von Hippel, P.H., 1992c, Protein Sci. 1, 861-873).
Enhanced MESFET VCO injection-locking bandwidth using low frequency feedback techniques

A simple scheme for enhancing the locking range and capture range of MESFET VCOs is presented using a low frequency DC-coupled amplifier. This circuit is based on phase-locked loop (PLL) techniques; in the present case the MESFET VCO also provides the function of a mixer or phase detector. A 10 GHz prototype was constructed which demonstrated a locking range more than double that of the isolated VCO injection-locking range over the same range of injected signal power.
Professional Ideologies and Patterns of “Gatekeeping”: Evaluation and Judgment Within Two Art Worlds

Decisions of "gatekeepers" in abstract avantgarde art are characterized by less independence than decisions made by their counterparts in different figurative styles. This difference is seen to' be related to the character of professional ideologies within the framework of which the two sets of "gatekeepers" work. Specifically, the demand for the absolute freedom of artistic expression and the proscription of judgment in the philosophy of avantgarde create a situation in which decisions cannot be based on established criteria. Consequently, such decisions are sought after in the "social reality" of the inner circle of the avantgarde. None of the approaches underlying various figurative styles, in contrast, require absolute openness. The availability of specific criteria for evaluating figurative art renders a similar reliance on "social reality" unnecessary and, accordingly, individual judgment prevails in "gatekeeping" choices. In the Israeli art world, avantgarde and figurative art coexist in two exclusive subsystems and thus provide a unique opportunity to observe in high relief the patterns of judgment characteristic of each. This paper examines the activity of art critics, curators, and dealers-the "gatekeepers" in the two subsystems of the Israeli art world. One subsystem consists of the press and of public art institutions such as museums, and supports avantgarde abstract art; art critics and curators belongto this subsystem. The other subsystem, in which art dealers perform the function of "gatekeepers," is a market comprised of private commercial art galleries; it supports non-avantgarde-figurative or "traditional" art.' Behavior of the gatekeepers-the criteria they use and choices they makeaffects the character of the art world, including artistic creation itself (Becker 1982; Peterson 1976; Wolff 1981).2 In figurative styles these criteria
Potential Value of Plants as Sources of New Antifertility Agents II

Literature on the phytochemical study of plant estrogens is reviewed. The coumestans reportedly have a greater degree of estrogenic activity than the isoflavones. Diethylstilbestrol is the prototype of the synthetic silbene derivatives. Of the natural stilbenes only rhaponticin possesses estrogenic activity though this is not firmly established. 6 4-dihydroxyflavone has also been reported to have estrogenic activity. Coumestrol and genistein have been shown to compete with 17beta-estradiol for binding sites in the uterus of young rabbits. Vinblastine demecolene and podophyllotoxin posses known cyto toxic antifertility properties. Naturally occurring steroid estrogens estrogenic isoflavins coumestans plants with reported estrogenic activity and cytotoxic agents with antifertility properties are listed along with their plant sources.
Racism in the electronic age: Role of online forums in expressing racial attitudes about American Indians

This study investigated racial attitudes about American Indians that are electronically expressed in newspaper online forums by examining the University of North Dakota's Fighting Sioux nickname and logo used for their athletic teams. Using a modified Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methodology to analyze over 1,000 online forum comments, the research team generated themes, domains, and core ideas from the data. The core ideas included (a) surprise, (b) power and privilege, (c) trivialization, and (d) denigration. The findings indicated that a critical mass of online forum comments represented ignorance about American Indian culture and even disdain toward American Indians by providing misinformation, perpetuating stereotypes, and expressing overtly racist attitudes toward American Indians. Results of this study were explained through the lens of White power and privilege, as well as through the framework of two-faced racism (Picca & Feagin, 2007). Results provide support to previous findings that indicate the presence of Native-themed mascots, nicknames, or logos can negatively impact the psychological well-being of American Indians.
Characterization of Epiphycan, a Small Proteoglycan with a Leucine-rich Repeat Core Protein

The epiphysis of developing bones is a cartilaginous structure that is eventually replaced by bone during skeletal maturation. We have separated a dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, epiphycan, from decorin and biglycan by using dissociative extraction of bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage, followed by sequential ion-exchange, gel permeation, hydrophobic, and Zn2+chelate chromatographic steps. Epiphycan is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, contains seven leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), is related to osteoglycin (osteoinductive factor) (Bentz, H., Nathan, R. M., Rosen, D. M., Armstrong, R. M., Thompson, A. Y., Segarini, P. R., Mathews, M. C., Dasch, J., Piez, K. A., and Seyedin, S. M. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 20805–20810), and appears to be the bovine equivalent of the chick proteoglycan PG-Lb (Shinomura, T., and Kimata, K. (1992) J. Biol. Chem.267, 1265–1270). The intact proteoglycan had a median size of ∼133 kDa. The core protein was 46 kDa by electrophoretic analysis, had a calculated size of 34,271 Da, and had two approximately equimolar N termini (APTLES … and ETYDAT …) separated by 11 amino acids. There were at least three O-linked oligosaccharides in the N-terminal region of the protein, based on blank cycles in Edman degradation and corresponding serine or threonine residues in the translated cDNA sequence. The glycosaminoglycans ranged in size from 23 to 34 kDa were more heterogeneous than those in other dermatan sulfate small leucine-rich proteoglycans and were found in the acidic N-terminal region of the protein core, N-terminal to the LRRs. A four-cysteine cluster was present at the N terminus of the LRRs, and a disulfide-bonded cysteine pair was present at the C terminus of the protein core. The seventh LRR and an N-linked oligosaccharide were between the two C-terminal cysteines. An additional potential N-glycosylation site near the C terminus did not appear to be substituted at a significant level.
Development of abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to tumor lysis in an infant with disseminated stage 4 neuroblastoma despite decompressive laparotomy

Abstract A 7-week-old girl presented with disseminated stage 4 neuroblastoma complicated with massive hepatomegaly and signs of liver failure. She underwent wedge liver biopsy and decompressive laparotomy with GORE-TEX ® patch placement prior to the administration of chemotherapy. Her fluid losses during chemotherapy were so severe that her GORE-TEX ® patch became tense and filled with ascites resulting in abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). A negative pressure dressing system was applied after opening the patch to assist in the quantification of the fluid losses and to allow decompression. Unfortunately, in spite of favorable histology, the patient failed to adequately respond to chemotherapy resulting in persistent hepatomegaly. Soon after, she developed respiratory, renal insufficiency and disseminated intravascular coagulation, leading to her death 12 days after the initiation of treatment.
A regional approach to optimizing the location of rural handpumps

Many rural water supply projects in sub-Saharan Africa are based on the installation of public handpumps. One of the key benefits of these projects is distance and time savings. Surprisingly, references to rural water planning rarely provide systematic approaches to optimizing distance-related benefits. This paper develops a conceptual model to identify the number and location of point sources that maximizes benefits to consumers, thereby serving as an aid to decision makers in identifying good alternatives. The proposed model is based on willingness to pay, a location model to identify optimal locations of sources, and a cost–benefit analysis. The model shows that as the number of sources increases, the distance between households and sources decreases but the user fee must increase to generate the revenue required to maintain them. Higher fees will dissuade households from using the point sources and hence reduce the aggregate distance savings that accrue. This suggests that there is an optimal number and location of point sources.
Procalcitonin Levels in Acute Respiratory Infection.

Abstract Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker of inflammation that is used to help make clinical decisions, like starting antibiotics or admitting a patient to the hospital. While PCT levels have been widely studied in pneumonia, levels in less severe acute respiratory infections (ARI) have not been well studied. To measure PCT levels in otherwise healthy adults during ARI, we followed 99 healthy adults during the cold and flu season, collecting blood specimens for PCT testing at baseline, and when participants presented with ARI. Ninety-six percent of the ARI samples had PCT levels <0.05 ng/mL. The remaining 4% were <0.25 ng/mL. These data suggest that PCT is not a useful test in ARI of mild-to-moderate severity.
RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF INTERNEURONS OF THE CRICKET CERCAL SENSORY SYSTEM ARE CONSERVED IN SPITE OF CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL RECEPTORS DURING MATURATION

During postembryonic development of the cricket, the total number of filiform hair sensilla in the cereal sensory system increases approximately 40-fold. In addition, individual receptor hairs grow in size, changing the transducer properties of the sensilla and, thereby, the information transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS) by the sensory neurons. Interneurons MGI and 10–3 receive monosynaptic inputs from these sensory neurons and send outputs to anterior ganglia. We show that, in spite of the changes in the periphery, the response properties of these interneurons are relatively constant during development. The two interneurons differ in their frequency response, intensity response and rate of response decrement. Their respective response properties are conserved during the postembryonic period. The results suggest that systematic rearrangement of the sensory neuron-to-interneuron synapses plays an important role in maintaining a constant output of this sensory system to higher centers of the CNS during maturation of the cricket.
Reimagining peace, reimagining education: Peace educational potential of social media

Abstract In this paper I examine the potential of blogosphere for civic education. My main argument is that in in-crisis societies such as Pakistan the blogosphere is a space where conversations and multilogues on issues that are crucial to societal regeneration are taking place. These conversations and multilogues in/through the blogosphere are democratic and inclusive in that they are not confined by the traditional articulations of ‘expertise’, privilege and subject positioning. Neither the writer nor those who participate in the ensuing conversation are or have to be experts in a disciplinary sense. They are not privileged by credentials or by their positioning in the ‘knowledge’ hierarchy. Any and all agents of the civil society can either start or engage in these multilogues, many of which directly or indirectly, focus on issues of national and societal self-regeneration. Abstrak Dalam makalah ini saya meneliti potensi ruang-blog (blogosphere) untuk pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Argumen utama saya adalah bahwa dalam masyarakat yang sedang dilanda krisis seperti Pakistan ruang-blog (blogosphere) merupakan ruang di mana percakapan dan interaksi percakapan tentang isu-isu yang sangat penting bagi regenerasi sosial, berlangsung. Percakapan dan multilogues melalui ruang-blog ini bersifat demokratis dan inklusif karena tidak dibatasi oleh artikulasi tradisional yang mencirikan 'keahlian', pengaturan posisi berdasarkan hak istimewa dan subjek masalah. Baik penulis maupun orang-orang yang berpartisipasi dalam percakapan tidak harus ahli dalam disiplin tertentu. Mereka tidak diberi hak istimewa atas dasar prestasi atau posisi mereka dalam hirarki 'pengetahuan' . Setiap dan semua masyarakat sipil dapat memulai atau terlibat dalam interaksi percakapan ini, banyak di antara mereka yang baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, berfokus pada isu-isu regenerasi diri di tingkat nasional dan masyarakat. How to Cite : Naseem, M., A. (2015). Reimagining Peace, Reimagining Education: Peace Educational Potential of Social Media. TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society, 2 (1), 1-11. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1474. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i1.1474
Gauging events that influence students' perceptions of the medical school learning environment: findings from one institution.

PurposeThe medical school learning environment (LE), encompassing the physical, social, and psychological context for learning, holds significant influence on students’ professional development. Among these myriad experiences, the authors sought to gauge what students judge as influencing their perc
Gasometric determination of hydrogen peroxide.

SummaryDeterminations of the peroxide content of irradiated broth using catalase in a Warburg respirometer were found to be inaccurate. In the presence of excess catalase the oxygen evolved approaches a value of twice that indicated by the accepted general equation for enzymatic decomposition of H2O2; if too little enzyme is used the reaction is slow and incomplete. The method is unsatisfactory for the quantitative determination of peroxide.
Bibliotheca Missionum: A Case of Benign Neglect

“[The historian] ignores this … impeccable bibliography at his (or her) peril.”In this brief note I hope to draw effective attention to Bibliotheca Missionum, a bibliography which, in its scope, reliability, and accessibility stands unequalled among bibliographies of any kind. More important, though, than its superior technical attributes is the fact that Bibliotheca Missionum provides entree to a vast but largely dormant body of source materials -- materials which are as little used as they are indispensable to the proper study of the African past. With all fairness, it can be said that Bibliotheca Missionum's superiority is rivaled only by our disregard of it.Bibliotheca Missionum was conceived by Robert Streit, a missionary of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. The first volume in the series appeared in 1917 and since then twenty-nine others have appeared. Initially the volumes appeared more or less under the auspices of the Oblates, but in the late 1920s the project was taken over by the newly-established Pontificia Biblioteca Missionaria in Rome. Streit was succeeded by Johannes Dindinger in 1930 and other Editors have since held office, but Bibliotheca Missionum continues to be referred to as “Streit and Dindinger.” Of the thirty volumes so far published, six (volumes 15 to 20) relate directly to Africa. All were published between 1951 and 1954 and include the following: In addition, Vols. 1, 22, and 23 are devoted to work of general missiological import and naturally contain much that relates to Africa.
Expanding the measurement of police integrity

Purpose – Klockars et al. use scenario methodology to measure perceived seriousness, level of discipline warranted, and willingness to report fellow officers engaged in various negative behaviors. These data are used to characterize the occupational culture of integrity in a given agency, relative to other agencies. What remains unclear is whether these agency-level findings mask important meso- and micro-level variation in the data (i.e. at the precinct/district and officer levels) that may contribute to a more complete understanding of an agency’s culture of integrity. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study replicates and extends Klockars et al.’s work using data from a survey administered to 499 Philadelphia police officers, with the goal of both validating their methodological approach and exploring the need for multi-level theory in the study of police integrity. In addition to comparing the results from Philadelphia to those obtained by Klockars et al., the ...
Literature and the arts in medical education.

Editor’s Note: In this column, teachers who are currently using literary and artistic materials as part of their curricula will briefly summarize specific works, delineate their purposes and goals in using these media, describe their audience and teaching strategies, discuss their methods of evaluation, and speculate about the impact of these teaching tools on learners (and teachers). Submissions should be three to five double-spaced pages with a minimum of references. Send your submissions to me at University of California, Irvine, Department of Family Medicine, 101 City Drive South, Building 200, Room 512, Route 81, Orange, CA 92868-3298. 949-824-3748. Fax: 714456-7984. jfshapir@uci.edu.
Capillary electrophoretic measurement of tissue metabolites

A method for the measurement of tissue metabolites from rabbit urinary bladder using capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been developed. The method generates a reproducible electropherogram containi...
Fighting Back: Inner-City Community Responses to Food Insecurity

This study investigated perceptions of stigma stemming from food insecurity experienced by residents of an inner-city community described as a food desert. Sixty inner-city residents were interviewed about their difficulty in providing healthy food for their families. The study measured four kinds of structural barriers which contributed to the experience of stigma. Participants agreed that welfare created a barrier and reported experiencing health disparities, neighborhood stigma, and welfare stigma. Participants who read high-stigma messages agreed more with health-stigma beliefs compared with participants who read low-stigma messages. Low-income White residents perceived more nutritional and neighborhood barriers compared with other racial groups. In spite of these perceptions of being stigmatized, the people included in this study engaged in stigma resistance in their efforts to secure nutritious food for their families.
Reversal of the stereospecificity of the citrate synthase of Clostridiumkluyveri by p-chloromercuribenzoate☆

Abstract The stereospecificity of citrate synthase in extracts of Clostridium kluyveri (Barker strain) can be changed reversibly from the (R)-type to the (S)-type by treatment with p-chloromercuribenzoate. It is proposed that sulfhydryl groups are essential for the (R)-type stereospecificity of the enzyme and their incomplete oxidation or reduction accounts for mixed labelling patterns in citrate.
Marine Resource Exploitation and Diversity in Kahikinui, Maui, Hawaii: Bringing Together Multiple Lines of Evidence to Interpret the Past

This paper presents information from an ecological marine faunal survey conducted in the traditional district of Kahikinui, Maui, Hawaii. The survey documented coastal environments throughout the district and described the faunal diversity and abundance of vertebrates and invertebrates. These modern data are used as a comparative base for zooarchaeological data, and to identify areas that were potentially useful to Hawaiians for fishing and collecting in the past. Comparative analysis of zooarchaeological remains from Kahikinui demonstrates that considerable variability exists among social groups in regard to strategies of animal exploitation; elites had a specialized subsistence strategy while commoners maintained a more generalized strategy. Both groups targeted specific marine resources that are still available in Kahikinui. Elites located their largest coastal chiefly household and ritual complex in an area with great faunal diversity and abundance, and with a well-developed bay, providing easy access to the sea, while commoners lived in more marginal areas. Differences in consumption patterns between elites and commoners can be explored through an ecological framework and explained by combining multiple lines of evidence – modern ecological, ethnographic, and archeological. This paper focuses on the ecological survey and the use of ethnographic data to explain differences in subsistence patterns.
On Intellectualism in the Theory of Action

This paper examines intellectualism in the theory of action. Philosophers use ‘intellectualism’ variously, but few question its application to views on which knowledge of facts—expressible in that-clauses—is basic for understanding other kinds of knowledge, reasons for action, and practical reasoning. More broadly, for intellectualists, theoretical knowledge is more basic than practical knowledge; action, at least if rational, is knowledge-guided, and just as beliefs based on reasoning constitute knowledge only if its essential premises constitute knowledge, actions based on practical reasoning are rational only if any essential premise in it is known. Two major intellectualist claims are that practical knowledge, as knowing how, is reducible to propositional knowledge, a kind of knowing that, and that reasons for action must be (propositionally) known by the agent. This paper critically explores both claims by offering a broad though partial conception of practical knowledge and a pluralistic view of reasons for action. The aim is to sketch conceptions of knowing how and knowing that, and of the relation between knowledge and action, that avoid intellectualism but also do justice to both the importance of the intellect for human action and the distinctive character of practical reason.
The Secret Origins of Comics Studies: by Matthew J. Smith and Randy Duncan (eds.), New York, Routledge, 2017, 301 pp., US$150.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9,781,138,884,519

In The Secret Origins of Comics Studies, editors Matthew J. Smith and Randy Duncan provide an in-depth study of the pioneers of the Comics Studies field. While Comics Studies have been around for s...
Accessing Word Meanings

How lexical meanings are accessed depends on multiple variables including input modality, morphosyntactic structures, perceptual features, and degree of abstractness. Sensory- and category-specific disorders can be predicted by cascade processes within an amodal lexical conceptual system. Lexical meanings are represented and distributed. Even if the meaning mainly consists of perceptual attributes, conceptual mediation processes may be involved in accessing the relevant meanings. Which cortical areas are recruited depend on process demands and the kind of content associated with a lexical entry. For instance, fMRI data show that Brocaʼs area will be recruited when access to idiomatic phrases involve higher process demands. We further assume that Geschwindʼs territory (supramarginal and angular gyrus), which represents the interface between prefrontal and temporo-occipital regions, is crucial for integrating multi-sensory experiences. This region, which gradually expanded in the human lineage, may be also responsible for attentive–conscious processes.
Keynote Speech: “Foundations of Experimental Economics, Economic Design and Applications”

I want to begin with a couple of quotations. And in fact, here and there in the paper I will be using quotations from David Hume, Adam Smith or Hayek. This is not because I started as a classical economics scholar. It’s also not because I started with an interest in Friedrich Hayek, an Austrian economist. The special value of their contributions is what I discovered after having a long career in experimental economics. And in fact, without my experience as an experimentalist I don’t think there’s any way that I could have been able to appreciate the full significance of these quotations that I’m going to use. I now see them as enormously insightful in terms of what we have learned from experimental economics. What astonishes me is that Hayek and some of these 18th century scholars could have gotten to this level of understanding without doing experiments. I could not have done that.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Virology, Reverse Genetics, and Pathogenesis of Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus of family Paramyxoviridae. RSV is the most complex member of the family in terms of the number of genes and proteins. It is also relatively divergent and distinct from the prototype members of the family. In the past 30 years, we have seen a tremendous increase in our understanding of the molecular biology of RSV based on a succession of advances involving molecular cloning, reverse genetics, and detailed studies of protein function and structure. Much remains to be learned. RSV disease is complex and variable, and the host and viral factors that determine tropism and disease are poorly understood. RSV is notable for a historic vaccine failure in the 1960s involving a formalin-inactivated vaccine that primed for enhanced disease in RSV naive recipients. Live vaccine candidates have been shown to be free of this complication. However, development of subunit or other protein-based vaccines for pediatric use is hampered by the possibility of enhanced disease and the difficulty of reliably demonstrating its absence in preclinical studies.
Competitive binding of monoclonal antibody monomer-dimer mixtures on ceramic hydroxyapatite

Abstract The internal structure of ceramic hydroxyapatite CHT Type I and Type II and the adsorption behavior of a monoclonal antibody in monomeric and dimeric forms are determined. Both CHT types contain elongated nanocrystals with size about 20 x 100 nm for Type I and about 50 x 200 nm for Type II. Internal porosities and apparent pore radii based on inverse size exclusion chromatography are 0.73 and 30 nm for Type I and 0.70 and 49 nm for Type II. Adsorption isotherms show maximum capacities of 95 and 110 mg/mL of particle for monomer and dimer on Type I and of 55 and 67 mg/mL of particle on Type II, in approximate agreement with the ratio of surface areas. The isotherms are dependent on the Na+ concentration consistent with an electrostatically driven mechanism. Mixture adsorption shows selectivity toward the dimer, with mean α-values of 4.3 and 5.8 for Type I and II, respectively. Effective pore diffusivities for non-binding conditions are 0.54 × 10−7 and 0.33 × 10−7 cm2/s for monomer and dimer in CHT Type I increasing to 0.94 × 10−7 and 0.66 × 10−7 cm2/s as a result of the larger pore size of Type II. Effective pore diffusivities for strong binding conditions, obtained by confocal microscopy, are much smaller than the non-binding values for Type I but essentially the same for Type II, indicating that diffusional hindrance by the bound protein is greater in the smaller pores of Type I. Mixture confocal adsorption experiments show that the competitive binding kinetics is largely controlled by pore diffusion in both CHT types with the dimer readily displacing the monomer even for strong binging conditions, but is much faster on Type II.
Secure and Efficient Multi-Party Directory Publication for Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing

In the era of big-data, personal data is produced, collected and consumed at different sites. A public directory connects data producers and consumers over the Internet and should be constructed securely given the privacy-sensitive nature of personal data.
Improving ozone simulations in the Great Lakes Region: The role of emissions, chemistry, and dry deposition

Abstract The Great Lakes Region of the US continues experiencing exceedances of the ozone (O3) standards, despite years of emissions controls. In part, this is due to interactions between emissions from surrounding large cities (e.g., Chicago) and meteorology, which is heavily influenced by the presence of the Great Lakes. These complex meteorology-emissions interactions pose a challenge to fully capture O3 dynamics, particularly near shores of the lakes, where high O3 levels are often experienced. In a simulation with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, using inputs as typically constructed, the model tends to be biased high. A literature review indicated that NOx emissions from mobile sources, possibly overestimated in the 2011 National Emission Inventory (NEI), or the version of the Carbon Bond chemical mechanism used in CMAQ could be responsible for high biases of O3. As such, a series of sensitivity tests was conducted to identify potential causes for this bias, including emissions biases (e.g., biogenic VOCs, anthropogenic NOx), chemical mechanism choice, and O3 dry deposition to fresh water, for high O3 periods in July 2011. The base model/emissions configuration used the following: Carbon Bond mechanism CB05, biogenic emissions using Biogenic Emission Inventory System (BEIS), and anthropogenic emissions from the 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI). Meteorological inputs were developed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (version 3.8.1). Simulated daily maximum 8-h average O3 without and with a cutoff of 60 ppb (referred to as MDA8 O3 and elevated MDA8 O3 hereafter, respectively) were evaluated against measurements. The evaluation showed a high bias in MDA8 O3 across the domain, particularly at coastal sites (by ∼6 ppb), while elevated MDA8 O3 (i.e., greater than 60 ppb) was biased low, with exceptions centered along the shore of Lake Michigan. Using the CB6 chemical mechanism or 50% reduction of NOx emissions from on-road mobile sources led to substantial domain-wide decreases in O3 from the base case, and the model performance improved, particularly along the Lake Michigan shoreline and for the western domain. However, elevated MDA8 O3 was more biased against measurements, compared to the model performance in the base case, except at a few sites along the shoreline. Using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) instead of BEIS to estimate biogenic emissions, or increasing dry deposition of O3 to fresh water by a factor of ten (which is unrealistic), had minor impacts on simulated O3 over land. But, combining MEGAN with CB6 resulted in improved elevated MDA8 O3 simulation along the western coast of Lake Michigan. Finally, using CB6 combined with a 30% reduction of on-road mobile NOx emissions and MEGAN led to the best performance. Two companion papers investigate how meteorological modeling can be improved. Together, the recommended modeling system could serve as a starting point for future O3 modeling in the region.
Comparison of radiation treatment volumes for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

440Background: Optimal radiation target volumes for downstaging and local control in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPCa) are undefined. Most local recurrences are near the...
Preliminary Study: Depriving Piglets of Maternal Feces for the First Seven Days Post-Partum Changes Piglet Physiology and Performance before and after Weaning

Coprophagy has been described in piglets although its importance has not been fully assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate how deprivation of maternal feces influenced piglet physiology, behavior, and performance. Eight litters were randomly assigned to one of two treatments. Control (CON) litters had access to maternal feces while deprived (DEP) litters were deprived of maternal feces for the first 7 d post-partum. Piglet behavior was quantified for 24 h at 7 d of age. Blood samples were collected from one male and female from each litter at 0, 7, and 21 d for hematological analyses, and post-weaning performance was assessed until 123 d post-weaning. No treatment effects were observed on piglet behavior. DEP piglets had 25% lower leukocyte counts (p < 0.01). Relative to DEP litters, CON litters had increased post-weaning feed intake (0.998 vs 0.901 kg/d; p = 0.02) and weight gain (0.536 vs 0.483 kg/d; p < 0.01). At 123 d post-weaning, CON pigs were 9.3 ± 2.3 kg heavier than treatment pigs (p < 0.01). These results suggest that access to maternal feces improves immunocompetence and growth performance. Further studies are needed to explore the physiological mechanisms through which maternal feces improve growth performance, including nutritional and microbial factors, or the presence of maternal semiochemicals.