cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid in cattle with induced coliform mastitis

Ceftiofur (CEF) is a third-generation cephalosporin that is the most widely used antimicrobial in the dairy industry. Currently, violative meat residues in cull dairy cattle are commonly associated with CEF. One potential cause for violative residues is altered pharmacokinetics of the drug due to disease, which could increase the time needed for the residue to deplete. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the absolute bioavailability of CEF crystalline-free acid (CFA) in healthy versus diseased cows; (b) to compare the plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of CEF between healthy dairy cows and those with disease; and (c) to determine the CEF residue profile in tissues of diseased cows. For this trial, disease was induced through intramammary Escherichia coli infusion. Following disease induction and CEF CFA administration, for plasma concentrations, there was not a significant effect of treatment (p = 0.068), but the treatment-by-time interaction (p = 0.005) was significant. There was a significantly greater concentration of CEF in the plasma of the DIS cows at T2 hr (p = 0.002), T8 hr (p < 0.001), T12 hr (p = 0.001), and T16 hr (p = 0.002). For PK parameters in plasma, the slope of the terminal phase of the concentration versus time curve was significantly lower (p = 0.007), terminal half-life was significantly longer (p = 0.014), and apparent volume of distribution during the elimination phase was significantly higher (p = 0.028) diseased group. There was no difference in plasma protein binding of CEF and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics. None of the cows had kidney CEF residues above the US tolerance level following observation of the drug's withdrawal period, but one cow with a larger apparent volume of distribution and longer terminal half-life had tissue residues slightly below the tolerance. Whereas these findings do not support the hypothesis that severely ill cows need longer withdrawal times, alterations in the terminal half-life suggest that it is theoretically possible.
Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are among the most common infectious agents of man. There are at least two distinct serotypes (HSV-1 and HSV-2), which have different modes of transmission. HSV- 1 is transmitted chiefly via a nongenital route, whereas HSV-2 is most often transmitted venereally or from a mother’s genital infection to the newborn. The mode of spread of each of the two virus types is reflected by its relative prevalence at different ages and by its pattern of clinical distribution within the host. Thus HSV-1 infections occur most frequently during childhood and usually affect body sites above the waist. HSV-2 infections, on the other hand, occur most often during adolescence and young adulthood and involve body sites below the waist, primarily the genitals. Most infections in newborns are also caused by HSV-2.
Alteration of Apparent Physical Properties of Fruit for Harvest

Fruit for the processing industry, for the most part, are harvested by mass removal techniques and handled in bulk as a matter of common practice. For the fresh market, fruit continues to be hand picked. Yet there are many obvious limitations to both methods and purposes linked to the physical properties of the fruit, which suggest the need for new approaches.
Proven strategies that increase participation of high school students in computing: tutorial presentation

Much has been written about the decrease in the number of students pursuing computing in colleges. Unfortunately, most students form their (usually negative) opinions of computing long before they reach college [1], so it is beneficial for university faculty who want to increase college enrollment to do outreach promoting aimed at a younger audience. This session will present ideas on how colleges can work with high school teachers and others to promote computer science to high schools students.
Hartmannella: culture growth and cell-substratum contact.

Abstract Growth of Hartmannella castellanii in synthetic medium and silicone coated flasks depends on the size of inoculum. This is caused by cell breakage and suppression of divisions of cells in contact with freshly siliconed glass surface. Silicone surface must be “conditioned” by amoebae to permit growth. A large number of amoebae in the inoculum condition the substratum rapidly; growth starts right after inoculation. A small number of cells may survive for weeks without growth as if the medium was not adequate. Substances which presumably protect cell surface from direct contact with silicone (agar, albumin, gelatin, phytohaemagglutinin) make growth independent of inoculum size.
Increased National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Goal Attainment

To contain costs, the US Department of Defense instituted a mandated statin formulary conversion program, designating cerivastatin and simvastatin as the ‘preferred statins’. This study examines the effectiveness, safety, and statin cost effectiveness following conversion to cerivastatin and simvastatin. Retrospective analysis. Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC), Tacoma, Washington, USA. Men and women treated and filling their statin prescriptions at MAMC with records of statin conversion between October 1999 and April 2000 (n = 1303). Age, gender, and lipid parameter measurements assessed pre-conversion (earliest measurement prior to conversion) and ≥21 days post-conversion were recorded. Pre- and post-conversion attainment of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel II (NCEP-ATP H)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) goals, lipid parameters, and estimated statin cost per patient attaining NCEP-ATP II/ADA goals, were analysed. Conversion to cerivastatin (n = 1038) elevated goal attainment (18.2%), and reduced low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by 15.4 mg/dl, total cholesterol (TC) by 13.5 mg/dl and triglycerides (TG) by 10.2 mg/dl, and elevated high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol (HDL-C) levels by 3.8 mg/dl (all p < 0.002). Similar results occurred in NCEP-ATP II patient subgroups [secondary prevention; primary prevention: with diabetes mellitus, ≥2 risk factors (RF), and <2 RF]. Patients receiving simvastatin (n = 265) exhibited improvement in NCEP-ATP II/ADA goal attainment and LDL-C, TC, and HDL-C levels [all p < 0.05, except HDL-C in the <2 RF subgroup (nonsignificant)]. The estimated pre-conversion annual pharmacy statin cost per patient attaining and NCEP-ATP II/ADA goals was $US681 ($US56.77 per patient per month), compared with the post-conversion annual cost of $US355 ($US29.62 per patient per month), driven primarily by the cerivastatin conversion (2000 values). Post-conversion adverse events [rash (n = 3), dizziness (n = 1), and gastrointestinal upset (n = 1)] were rare. There were no reported clinically significant elevations of liver function tests or creatine kinase, or cases of myositis or myalgia. Statin conversion at MAMC to cerivastatin and simvastatin is an effective and well tolerated method for improving NCEP-ATP II/ADA goal attainment and lipid parameters while containing pharmacy costs.
Microwave imaging of etching-induced surface impedance modulation of graphene monolayer

Impact of processing-induced structural defects on the electrical properties of a graphene monolayer has been investigated using scanning microwave microscopy (SMM). Graphene sheets grown on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition were transferred to a silicon wafer covered with a 300 nm thick thermal SiO2 layer and then patterned into a grating structure using the standard lithography technique. Raman spectroscopy and SMM were employed to monitor the defect generation and the induced surface impedance change on graphene. Correlation of the SMM image contrast shows that the etching-induced defects cause a decrease of the electrical conductivity and permittivity of the graphene monolayer. In addition, the SMM image contrast shows a frequency dependency: at higher frequencies, the permittivity of the graphene monolayer plays an important role, resulting in the SMM phase imaging contrast reversed from the low frequency measurements. Numerical simulations were performed, which are in very good agreement with the experimental results.Impact of processing-induced structural defects on the electrical properties of a graphene monolayer has been investigated using scanning microwave microscopy (SMM). Graphene sheets grown on copper foil by chemical vapor deposition were transferred to a silicon wafer covered with a 300 nm thick thermal SiO2 layer and then patterned into a grating structure using the standard lithography technique. Raman spectroscopy and SMM were employed to monitor the defect generation and the induced surface impedance change on graphene. Correlation of the SMM image contrast shows that the etching-induced defects cause a decrease of the electrical conductivity and permittivity of the graphene monolayer. In addition, the SMM image contrast shows a frequency dependency: at higher frequencies, the permittivity of the graphene monolayer plays an important role, resulting in the SMM phase imaging contrast reversed from the low frequency measurements. Numerical simulations were performed, which are in very good agreement with...
Atmospheric pressure plasma jets onto a reactive water layer over tissue: pulse repetition rate as a control mechanism

The use of plasma jets to treat tissue in the context of plasma medicine often involves a thin intervening liquid layer on top of the tissue. Plasma activated species first transport through and react in the liquid layer prior to reaching the tissue. Of the many parameters that can be used to control this process, pulse repetition frequency (PRF) stands out. Results from a computational investigation of multiple pulses at varying PRF from an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) onto a reactive liquid layer are discussed, and three key trends are made clear. First, a high PRF (short time between pulses) enables the gaseous species produced during the previous pulse to remain in the vicinity of the plasma at the onset of the next pulse, thereby increasing the inventory of (H)N x O y and O3 in the gas phase. These species then solvate into the liquid, water in this case, and produce higher densities of aqueous ozone, nitrate, and peroxynitrite. With a lower PRF, reactants produced on a previous pulse are convected away prior to the next discharge pulse with more spatial separation of reactants both above and within the water. As a result, more of the hydroxyl anion (), ozone anion () and nitric oxide (NOaq) reach the tissue beneath the water. The second trend is that the production of H2O2aq and its fluence to the underlying tissue are relatively independent of the PRF. The precursors for H2O2aq are primarily produced by the surface ionization wave (SIW) on the top of the liquid, which then directly solvate into the liquid. Lastly, when the plasma plume touches the liquid, the SIW on the water layer increases the production of all aqueous species compared to configurations where the plasma plume does not touch the liquid. These trends are true for all PRF.
ACIP Approves 2019 Adult and Childhood/Adolescent Immunization Schedules.

The 2019 adult and childhood/adolescent immunization schedules have been approved by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy: Summary of the 2014 SITC primer

The pioneers of tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy, including the late William B. Coley and Lloyd J. Old, have championed the potential for immunotherapy for over a century. Finally, advances in our understanding of the fundamentals of tumor immunology are translating into clinical success, with recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of several immunotherapies that improve clinical outcomes across prostate cancer, metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and lymphocytic leukemia. In tandem with these clinical successes, new technologies such as high-throughput DNA/RNA sequencing, genetic engineering, and streamlined ex vivo cell culturing have paved the way for the next generation of immunotherapies and provided new tools for investigating potential biomarkers of response to existing therapies. During the November 2014 Annual Meeting of the Society of the Immunotherapy of Cancer, leaders in tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy convened at the second annual SITC Primer to review both current knowledge and future directions in the field. Here, we will review the key discussions across a variety of topics, including innate immunity, adaptive immunity, dendritic cells, adoptive T cell therapy, anti-tumor antibodies, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, challenges to immunotherapy, monitoring immune responses, and immunotherapy clinical trial design.
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis

Desmoid-type fibromatosis (aggressive fibromatosis, musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis, deep fibromatosis, or desmoid tumor; hereafter, in this article, referred to simply as ‘fibromatosis’) is a fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm of deep soft tissue. This tumor is characterized by invasive growth into adjacent normal tissue, a feature that lends it a high propensity for local recurrence even after apparently adequate surgical removal. Despite this locally aggressive behavior, fibromatosis lacks the potential for distant metastasis and is thus best regarded as a tumor of intermediate biologic potential rather than a bona fide malignancy. The absence of metastatic potential, however, does not imply that fibromatosis is not a serious disease; depending on the anatomic location from which it arises, fibromatosis can cause significant morbidity and, in rare cases, even death. Many cases of this tumor are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis/Gardner syndrome, a heritable cancer syndrome that predisposes the patient to colon cancer and a variety of other tumors and abnormalities.
Challenging Problems of Shunt Management in Spina Bifida

Hydrocephalus in the context of spina bifida may represent the most complicated and confusing form of congenital hydrocephalus. Essentially all patients with spina bifida aperta have an associated Chiari II malformation. In some, especially those with very low lesion levels, this malformation may be very mild. Experimental evidence suggests that the Chiari II malformation results from in utero loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the amniotic fluid and subsequent failure of distension of the fetal head leading to a very small posterior fossa and severe herniation of the hindbrain [1]. One of the major indications for prenatal repair of the myelomeningocele is to minimize this descent of the cerebellum and brainstem and therefore maximize the chance that the patient may be able to thrive without a shunt [2, 3, 4].
Rheumatoid synovium: its proliferation, heterogeneity and polarization.

Abstract All of the changes observed suggest that a viral agent may form the basis for these alterations [in rheumatoid synovium]. However, studies to date have failed to isolate or identify the putative causative virus and the search continues.
Tessellations and Descartes disk configurations

An intriguing correspondence between certain finite planar tessellations and the Descartes circle arrangements is presented. This correspondence may be viewed as a visualization of the spinor structure underlying Descartes circles.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Adherence to Voice Therapy for Muscle Tension Dysphonia and Employment, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction

Summary Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a relationship exists between employment status, perception of life quality (ie, vocal impairment, health, life satisfaction, and social support), and adherence to voice therapy for persons with muscle tension dysphonia (MTD). This study extends recent work as it evaluates investigating the impact of social support and life satisfaction on adherence to voice therapy for MTD. Method A cross-sectional study of 45 individuals diagnosed with MTD who participated in voice therapy between January 2014 and December 2015 at the University of Arkansas for Medical Science's Voice and Swallowing Center in Little Rock, Arkansas participated in this study. Participants provided information regarding employment status and completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Quality of Relationships Inventory. Result Sixty percent of participants completed voice therapy. Patients who completed voice therapy were more likely to report gainful employment (P = 0.038) or less confidence in a specific and significant personal relationship (P = 0.004). Conclusion This study discovered a moderate effect between employment status and adherence to voice therapy for MTD as well as relationship confidence and adherence.
Recent Progress in Treg Biology and Transplant Therapeutics

Regulatory T cell (Treg) biology continues to evolve at a rapid pace. The role of Tregs in solid organ transplantation offers a unique window into Treg ontogeny and function as well as limitless possibilities for clinical application. Here we review recent significant discoveries and key translational work. Advances in transplantation deepen understanding of Treg differentiation, expansion, transcription, co-stimulation, and signaling. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and single-cell analytics allow unprecedented insight into Treg repertoire diversity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Efforts to replace conventional immunosuppression with Treg adoptive immunotherapy are underway and coalescing around strategies to increase efficiency through development of donor-reactive Tregs. Adoptive immunotherapy with Tregs is a leading tolerogenic strategy. Early clinical trials suggest that Treg infusion is safe and reports on efficacy will soon follow.
Relevance first: relocating similarity in counterfactual semantics

The last several decades of research on counterfactual conditionals in the fields of philosophy and linguistics have yielded a predominant paradigm according to which the notion of similarity plays the starring role. Roughly, a counterfactual of the form A > C (if A were the case, C would be the case) is true iff the closest A-worlds are all Cworlds, where the closeness of a world is a function of its similarity, in a certain sense, to the actual world. I argue that this is deeply misguided. In some cases we may only care about the closest A-worlds, but quite often we care about some broader variety of A-worlds varying in closeness. After presenting several problem cases for the similarity-based paradigm, some new and some known, I propose an alternative paradigm for the semantics of counterfactuals, which introduces the notion of Ascenarios, understood roughly as different ways of making A true. According to this view, A > C is true iff all the contextually relevant ways of making A true also make C true. I then more carefully spell out a working view that formalizes this idea with greater precision, and explore the consequences of that version of the view.
Some Notes about Puff

Puff that mighty dragon: where is he? He lies, brooding, the sorry beast, in his lousy cave. Sad, true, for Jackie Paper is gone, old companion, old pride. Why did he leave? Puff doesn't know. Puff is utterly without reasons. In fact, he rarely thinks at all. ,Yet Puff knows many things, things Jackie Paper has for gotten. Or never knew. Cannot learn. He knows this, for example: Jackie will return. To play again perhaps. Or to wreak his vengeance, to court the impossible ?never mind why. Because he must, that's all. Because dragons live forever. Puff snorts with brute joy, briefly lighting up the dismal cave, and lashes its damp walls with his excited tail.
Sleep health of incoming army trainees and how it changes during basic combat training.

Abstract Objective To examine the sleep health of incoming Army trainees and how it is impacted during basic combat training (BCT). Design Prospective. Setting BCT site (Fort Jackson, SC). Participants A total of 1349 trainees (936 = male, 413 = female, 20.73 ± 3.67 years). Measurements Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale at the start of BCT and a modified PSQI at the end of BCT. Results At baseline, trainees reported an average sleep duration of 7.65 ± 1.68 hours per night, with 81.8% rating their sleep quality as “Very Good or Fairly Good.” The mean reported Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire score was 50.63 ± 8.11 and the mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale was 8.60 ± 4.02. Reported sleep duration was significantly less during BCT (6.73 ± 0.90 hours) compared to baseline (P Conclusions Army BCT trainees in this large sample reported good sleep health characteristics at entry to training, including achieving recommended sleep amounts (>7 hours per night) and reporting good sleep quality. During BCT, negative changes were observed in reported sleep duration and quality in trainees. Further investigation into the factors contributing to changes in trainees’ sleep health during BCT and the implications on subsequent readiness, injury risk, and performance is warranted.
Antitumor γδ T cells need oxygen to function.

Brain tumors respire more oxygen, causing a hypoxic microenvironment that impairs innate γδ T cell–mediated antitumor activity. Reducing oxygen consumption by brain tumors or inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in γδ T cells reinvigorates γδ T cell tumor-killing activity, leading to prolonged survival in brain-tumor-bearing mice.
A Unique Gene Module in Thermococcales Archaea Centered on a Hypervariable Protein Containing Immunoglobulin Domains

Molecular mechanisms involved in biological conflicts and self vs nonself recognition in archaea remain poorly characterized. We apply phylogenomic analysis to identify a hypervariable gene module that is widespread among Thermococcales. These loci consist of an upstream gene coding for a large protein containing several immunoglobulin (Ig) domains and unique combinations of downstream genes, some of which also contain Ig domains. In the large Ig domain containing protein, the C-terminal Ig domain sequence is hypervariable, apparently, as a result of recombination between genes from different Thermococcales. To reflect the hypervariability, we denote this gene module VARTIG (VARiable Thermococcales IG). The overall organization of the VARTIG modules is similar to the organization of Polymorphic Toxin Systems (PTS). Archaeal genomes outside Thermococcales encode a variety of Ig domain proteins, but no counterparts to VARTIG and no Ig domains with comparable levels of variability. The specific functions of VARTIG remain unknown but the identified features of this system imply three testable hypotheses: (i) involvement in inter-microbial conflicts analogous to PTS, (ii) role in innate immunity analogous to the vertebrate complement system, and (iii) function in self vs nonself discrimination analogous to the vertebrate Major Histocompatibility Complex. The latter two hypotheses seem to be of particular interest given the apparent analogy to the vertebrate immunity.
Introductory overview: Evapotranspiration (ET) models for controlled environment agriculture (CEA)

Abstract Evapotranspiration (ET) is the total amount of water lost from evaporation and transpiration via plant growing media and plant surfaces. ET models have been widely researched for outdoor plants, forests, and wetlands. However, studies on ET models for controlled environment agriculture (CEA) are limited. Reliable predictions of ET in CEA are essential for quantifying the performance of CEA systems. This review focused on evaluating the twelve existing ET models that have been used for indoor ET estimation. Also, we provided an overview of the key parameters that affect ET in existing ET models and different calibration methods for ET models. We summarized existing studies on crop coefficient and stomatal conductance and reviewed case studies that utilized ET models for different CEA applications. We identified research gaps in ET modeling and highlighted research needs for ET parameter interdependence, validation of existing models for indoor farming, and a comprehensive crop resistance model.
Herbivorous Caterpillars and the Green Leaf Volatile (GLV) Quandary

Several herbivorous caterpillars contain effectors in their oral secretions that alter the emission of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) produced by the plants upon which the caterpillars are feeding. These effectors include an isomerase, a fatty acid dehydratase (FHD), and a heat-stable hexenal trapping (HALT) molecule. GLVs serve as signaling compounds in plant-insect interactions and inter-and intra-plant communication. However, it is not known whether these GLV-altering effectors are common among herbivorous caterpillars, or the evolutionary context of these effectors in relation to GLV emission by host plants in response to feeding damage. Here, we examined the distribution and activity of the isomerase, FHD, and HALT effectors across 10 species spanning 7 lepidopteran families. Six of the 10 species possessed all three effectors in their oral secretions. Activity from the HALT and FHD effectors was observed in all examined caterpillar species, while activity from the isomerase effector varied in some species and was absent in others. There was no discernable pattern in effector activity based on evolutionary divergence, since individual species within a family did not possess similar mechanisms to alter GLV emission. These data, demonstrating the GLV-altering effectors acting at different steps in the GLV biosynthetic pathway and present in the examined caterpillar species at different combinations with different activities, highlight the importance of these effectors in changing the emission of these compounds during caterpillar herbivory. Understanding the prevalence and roles of GLV-altering effectors and GLV emission itself will open new research areas in the dynamics of plant-insect interactions.
Tissue Engineering for Neurogenic Bladder

Failure to store urine due to a neurologic condition or insult can be addressed with multiple modalities. Recently, the role and variety of pharmacologic interventions, neuromodulation, and intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injection have increased. Augmentation cystoplasty retains a place in the treatment algorithm; however, its role has seemingly diminished owing to the morbidity incurred with the use of enteric segments. The chief concern is that these tissues are not created for, and thus are not optimal for, urinary storage. The introduction of tissue engineering strategies by incorporating scaffolds and cell cultures has the potential to remediate the deficiencies seen in enteric segments. Theoretically, this technology may also optimize the bladder’s ability to regenerate and restore its original structure and function. The goal of this chapter is to focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to tissue engineering for the bladder and summarize the key details detailing the progress of the field.
Transmural imaging of ventricular action potentials and post-infarct substrates in swine hearts

Transmural electrophysiological imaging (TEPI) using surface measurements is an ill-posed problem that does not have a unique solution in its general unconstrained form. We previously developed and preliminarily validated a Bayesian approach to TEPI that incorporates physiological, spatiotemporal priors through probabilistic integration of dynamic electrophysiological models. The main contribution of this study is to generalize this method of TEPI, which previously considers data from body-surface electrocardiograms (ECG), to use inputs from electroanatomical voltage mapping (EAVM) on heart surfaces. Feasibility of this new application of TEPI is positively verified on two swine hearts. Furthermore, we involve multiple reference data in forms of in-vivo EAVM and ex-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the post-infarct scar, allowing a detailed comparison of the three different modalities (EAVM, MRI & TEPI) for imaging/mapping post-infarct substrates. On the two swine models shared by STACOM 2011 EP simulation challenge, we are able to preliminarily demonstrate that, compared to the low-voltage surface scar area detected by EAVM, the 3D scar volume detected by TEPI is more consistent with scar volume delineated in MR images.
Asymmetry in children's salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase in the context of marital conflict: links to children's emotional security and adjustment.

Recent research supports the promise of examining interactive models of physiological processes on children's adjustment. The present study investigates interactions between children's autonomic nervous system activity and adrenocortical functioning in the context of marital discord; specifically, testing models of concurrent responses proposed by Bauer et al. ([2002] Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 23:102–113) in the prediction of children's behavioral responses to conflict and adjustment. Asymmetry and symmetry in children's salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol were examined in 195 children (M age = 8 years) in response to viewing conflict vignettes. Results were partially consistent with an interactive model in the context of high marital discord; asymmetry among higher alpha-amylase and lower cortisol related to higher emotional insecurity and concurrent and subsequent maladjustment. In contrast, patterns of symmetrical responses were related to greater maladjustment for children exposed to lower levels of marital discord, supporting an additive model. Findings support the importance of a multisystem approach to investigating the adaptiveness of children's physiological stress responses, while also highlighting the value of considering physiological responses in the context of family risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 836–849, 2014.
Study of coexistence between 5G small-cell systems and systems of the fixed service at 39 GHz band

This paper presents simulation results in 39 GHz small cells through analysis of required frequency rejection. We calculate two types of interference amounts collected at a fixed service (FS) receiver, i.e., the aggregation of interference into an FS receiver occurred by every transmission (i) from base stations (BSs) to their associated mobile stations (MSs); (ii) from MSs and their associated BSs. The results determine how much interference rejection would be needed to protect FS operation.
Cutting Edge: Lupus Susceptibility Interval Sle3/5 Confers Responsiveness to Prolactin in C57BL/6 Mice

Prolactin is of interest in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because almost 25% of SLE patients display hyperprolactinemia, and serum prolactin correlates with disease activity in some patients. Furthermore, hyperprolactinemia causes early mortality in lupus-prone mice and induces a lupus-like phenotype in nonspontaneously autoimmune mice. We show here that the immunomodulatory effects of prolactin are genetically determined; hyperprolactinemia breaks B cell tolerance and causes a lupus-like serology in BALB/c mice expressing a transgene encoding the H chain of an anti-DNA Ab but not in C57BL/6 transgenic mice. In C57BL/6 mice that express both the H chain transgene and the lupus susceptibility interval Sle3/5, prolactin induces increased serum titers of anti-DNA Ab and glomerular Ig depositions. The increase in costimulation due to prolactin-mediated up-regulation of both CD40 on B cells and CD40L on T cells would appear to play a central role in lupus induction in this model.
The Necessity of Biosemiotics: Matter-Symbol Complementarity

Biosemiotics distinguishes life from inanimate matter by its dependence on material construction controlled by coded symbolic information. This irreducible primitive distinction between matter and symbol is necessary for open-ended evolvability and the origin of life as we know it. This type of subject/object distinction is reestablished at many levels throughout all of evolution. In physics this becomes the distinction between material laws and symbolic measurements and models; in philosophy this is the distinction between brain and mind. These are all emergent epistemic distinctions, not ontological dualisms. The origin of life requires understanding the origin of this symbolic control and how inanimate molecules become functional messages. I discuss the necessary physical conditions that would allow such evolvable symbolic control of matter to arise.
Nuclear Phospholipase D in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells GUANOSINE 5′-O-(THIOTRIPHOSPHATE)-STIMULATED ACTIVATION IS MEDIATED BY RhoA AND IS DOWNSTREAM OF PROTEIN KINASE C

We have recently demonstrated the existence of an ATP-activated phospholipase D (PLD) in the nuclei of MDCK-D1 cells (Balboa, M. A., Balsinde, J., Dennis, E. A., and Insel, P. A. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 11738-11740). We have now found that nuclear PLD is synergistically activated by guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) and ATP in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, but these compounds do not alter the sensitivity of the enzyme to activation by Ca2+. The synergistic stimulation of PLD activity could be blocked by addition of the protein kinase C inhibitors chelerythrine and calphostin C. Stimulation by GTP gamma S was abolished by guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate). Incubation of isolated nuclei with Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme inhibited the potentiating effect of GTP gamma S on ATP-dependent nuclear PLD activity. Moreover, use of the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor to extract Rho family G proteins from cell nuclei also inhibits PLD activity. Western blot analyses of isolated nuclei revealed the presence of the small G protein RhoA, but not of RhoB or the ADP-ribosylation factor. GTP gamma S-stimulated ATP-dependent PLD activity could be reconstituted in Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor-washed nuclei by addition of recombinant prenylated RhoA, but not by addition of non-prenylated RhoA. Taken together, these results indicate that nuclear PLD activity is modulated via a RhoA-dependent activation that occurs downstream of protein kinase C. Nuclear PLD, which appears to be a previously unrecognized effector regulated by protein kinase C and G proteins, may be involved in the regulation of nuclear function or structure.
Natural resources and economic policy in developing countries

This paper argues for the need to design broad economic policy instruments to reverse the trend in many developing countries toward increasing degradation and destruction of natural resources. The natural resource base, often critical for economic development, is in many cases threatened by a rapid population growth, the effect of which is compounded by inadequately controlled land and water use.
Variations in the Localization of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase in Aerobic Yeast Cells

Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase in aerobic yeast cells localization in microsomal fraction by density gradients
Human factors in crashes of commuter airplanes.

Pilots and frequent travelers on commuter aircraft are exposed to higher risks of death or injury than those on major air carriers. To provide a better understanding of the circumstances of crashes of scheduled commuter airplanes, National Transportation Safety Board data were analyzed for all cases of death, serious injury, or major damage involving commuter airplanes during 1983-1988, when 172 people were killed and 207 injured in 118 events. Three-fourths of cases involved inadequate pilot performance, notably poor handling of emergencies and improper instrument flying procedures. Pilot errors occurred disproportionately in bad weather, which played a role in 30 percent of crashes. Aircraft malfunctions were involved in 42 percent of crashes. Certain airplanes were overinvolved in gear-up landings or in crashes due to fuel mismanagement. Greater priority should be given to applying known preventive measures to the problem of commuter crashes.
A study of suppressed formation of low-conductivity phases in doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnets by in situ neutron diffraction

Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnets, oxide-based solids with good Li+ conductivity and compatibility, show great potential as leading electrolyte material candidates for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries. However, the conductive bulk usually suffers from the presence of secondary phases and the transition towards a low-conductivity tetragonal phase during synthesis. Dopants are designed to stabilize the high-conductive cubic phase and suppress the formation of the low-conductivity phases. In situ neutron diffraction enables a direct observation of the doping effects by monitoring the phase evolutions during garnet synthesis. It reveals the reaction mechanism involving the temporary presence of intermediate phases. The off-stoichiometry due to the liquid Li2CO3 evaporation leads to the residual of the low-conductivity intermediate phase in the as-synthesized bulk. Appropriate doping of an active element may alter the component of the intermediate phases and promote the completion of the reaction. While the dopants aid to stabilize most of the cubic phase, a small amount of tetragonal phase tends to form under a diffusion process. The in situ observations provide the guideline of process optimization to suppress the formation of unwanted low-conductivity phases.
Back to Baseline: Erectile Function Recovery after Radical Prostatectomy from the Patients' Perspective

Abstract Introduction A variety of erectile function recovery (EFR) rates are reported post‐radical prostatectomy (RP), with some suggesting EFR rates over 90% [1]. Clinical experience suggests that patients view EFR as getting back to their baseline (BTB) erectile functioning (EF) without the use of medication. Aim This study explores EFR defined as BTB. Method Men pre‐RP and 24 months post‐RP completed the Erectile Function Domain (EFD) of the International Index of Erectile Function and one question on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) use. Men using a PDE5i at baseline were excluded. Main Outcome Measures At 24 m, "back to baseline" was defined as achieving the baseline EFD score (within 1 point or higher). Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi‐square, and logistic regression. Results One hundred eighty men had an average age at RP of 59 (SD = 7) years. When including men who were using a PDE5i at 24 months, 43% (N = 78, 95% CI: 36–51%) returned BTB. When considering BTB without the use of a PDE5i, 22% (N = 39, 95% CI: 16% to 28%) returned BTB. When focusing on a subset of men with baseline EFD ≥ 24 (N = 132), 36% (N = 47, 95% CI: 28% to 44%) returned BTB at 24 months using a PDE5i and 16% (N = 21, 95% CI: 11% to 23%) without the use of a PDE5i. For this group, there was a significant difference by age ( P P Conclusions Twenty‐two percent of the entire sample and 16% of the men with functional (EFD ≥ 24) baseline erections returned to BTB EF without the use of medication. Only 4% of men who were ≥60 years old with functional erections pre‐surgery achieved BTB EF. Although gaining partial EF is also important, men pre‐RP should be educated on EFR and the chance of "back to baseline" EF.
The effect of plant chemistry on the acceptability of caterpillar prey to the Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilils (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Experiments were performed to test the acceptability of two palatable, cryptic caterpillars, the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta, and the cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni, reared on different diets, to the Argentine ant,Iridomyrmex humilis. Ants preferred larvae reared on artificial diet, groundcherry, or cowpea to tobacco-reared larvae. Ants also preferred larvae reared on artificial diet without nicotine to larvae reared on diet containing nicotine (5% dry wt). Experiments were also performed to test the response of ants to larval extracts and chemicals applied to the surface of palatable prey. Ants did not respond differently to larvae of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella, treated with larval extracts or regurgitate from tobacco-reared larvae compared to artificialdiet-reared larvae, but ants were deterred byP. operculella larvae treated with nicotine compared to untreated larvae. The results of this study indicate that caterpillars can derive at least some degree of chemical protection from their food plant without sequestering and storing plant compounds and without the development of elaborate aposematic characteristics.
Cyclin D1 abnormalities and tobacco exposure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background Amplification of the cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene, which encodes a cell cycle regulating protein, has been described in several solid tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). While correlations between CCND1 amplification and tumor behavior have been suggested, no investigation has focused on risk factor exposure as a potential cause of CCND1 alteration. Methods Southern blotting was used to identify CCND1 amplification in 57 previously untreated HNSCC tumor specimens. Tissue from 27 cases was analyzed for CCND1 mRNA expression by Northern blot analysis. Results In 13/57 (23%) cases, a 2–5 fold amplification of CCND1 was found. CCND1 mRNA expression was higher in amplified than in non-amplified tumors and supported an association between CCND1 amplification and increased expression of CCND1 mRNA. No correlation was found between CCND1 amplification or CCND1 expression and clinical or pathological parameters. However, analysis of risk factor exposure revealed that patients with greater tobacco exposure were more likely to have tumors with CCND1 amplification (p = .037). Also, tobacco exposure was correlated with CCND1 expression in tumors. Conclusion Tobacco exposure is a well-known risk factor for HNSCC. CCND1 amplification and alterations in expression may be causally related to tobacco carcinogen exposure and lead to a loss of cell cycle regulation. HEAD & NECK 1996;18:512–521 © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Leadership and Organizational Culture: Linking CEO Characteristics to Cultural Values

Purpose The purpose of this study was to empirically examine organizational culture theorists’ assertions about the linkages between leadership and the cultures that emerge in the organizations they lead. Specific hypotheses were developed and tested regarding relationships between chief executive officers’ (CEO’s) personality traits, and the cultural values that are shared among their organization’s members.
Behavioral activation, inhibition and mood symptoms in early-onset bipolar disorder

Background Hypomania/mania and depression are hypothesized to correspond to high and low expressions of behavioral activation system (BAS) activity, respectively, in bipolar individuals. In contrast, behavioral inhibition system (BIS) activity is hypothesized to regulate anxiety. The aim of the present study was to examine whether self-reported levels of BAS functioning in bipolar adolescents corresponded with levels of concurrent manic and depressive symptomatology. The secondary aim was to investigate whether self-reported BIS levels were associated with self-reported anxiety symptoms.
Ischemia-Activated Platelets in Normal and in Naturally Occurring Hypertrophied Myocardium

Substantial myocardial platelet aggregations in the coronary microvascula ture of normal and of naturally occurring hypertrophied myocardia have been documented after ischemia and reperfusion. Eleven normal canine (group I) hearts underwent an isolated cardiac bypass preparation and were compared with 5 myocardia (Group II) hypertrophied by congenital aortic stenosis. All 16 hearts experienced transient ischemia during the isolated cardiac bypass and produced platelet aggregations (111 In tagged: p < 0.05). Hypothermic (25°C) potassium crystalloid cardioplegia did not wash out these depositions, and with the onset of reperfusion, both platelet and erythrocyte (99mTc tagged) radioactiv ity profoundly increased (p=0.0101). These increases progressed during the hour of reperfusion (p = 0.0369) and, specifically, in the endocardium.In summary, intracoronary platelets are activated after transient ischemic episodes, in particular the vulnerable hypertrophied myocardium in naturally occurring aortic stenotic he...
Decreased cancer survival in individuals separated at time of diagnosis: Critical period for cancer pathophysiology?

Since George F. Solomon and colleagues published their landmark paper coining the term psychoneuroimmunology1 and Ader & Cohen2 first showed classical conditioning of immune function, there has been an extraordinary volume of research demonstrating the significant role of psychosocial factors in health. Of the many different psychosocial variables, personal relationships have persistently shown a significant role in physical health, specifically that good relationships are beneficial and poor relationships are deleterious3, 4 Social support and more specifically, marital status have been shown to affect physiological mechanisms including natural killer (NK) cell activity5, 6 and other aspects of improved immune function.5, 7 In addition, it has been postulated that increased support, potentially available in marriage, leads to better compliance with therapy. Furthermore, disruption of a close relationship8–11 and abrasive relationships11–13 have a negative effect on the immune system. Hostile interactions also alter pituitary and adrenal hormones.14 Cancer prognosis, in particular, has received intensive investigation with one important psychosocial dimension captured by nearly all outcome studies - the positive relationship between married status and survival. 15–18 Most prior studies, however, have employed a dichotomous characterization of marital status (married versus unmarried). Much less information is available regarding differences in survival among the unmarried population, e.g., analysis of other marital status categories such as separation, divorce, never married, etc. More detailed categorization of the relationship between marital status and cancer survival could yield important clues to the nature of the more global previously established relationship to cancer outcome. We examined this issue using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. In brief, SEER data are collected by the National Cancer Institute on cancer incidence and survival in the United States from population-based cancer registries covering 26 percent of the US population. Data collection of patient demographics, primary tumor site, tumor morphology, and stage at diagnosis began in 1973 and continues to the present. Public use of surveillance data for research is facilitated by web-based access. (URL: http://seer.cancer.gov/) This study used the SEER data to compare relative survival rates among patients who were married, never married*, divorced, widowed, and separated, in an attempt to delineate potential differences among those patients who are unmarried. We hypothesized that for unmarried cancer patients, the specific subtype of marital status at time of diagnosis (divorced, widowed, separated) would have a differential impact on survival, with separation having the poorest outcome.