cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased protein staining after chemical crosslinking

Reaction of several proteins with the homobifunctional amino group-directed reagents dithiobissuccinimidyl propionate or methylmercaptobutyrimidate is shown to decrease the subsequent Coomassie blue or silver staining of these proteins after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The decreased dye response is not due to the proximity of the crosslinked proteins since the monomers generated after bisection of the crosslinkers with beta-mercaptoethanol show reduced staining. Quantitation of dye absorbance relative to protein content (assayed by radioactivity) indicates that the decreased staining effect is variable, depending on the particular stain, crosslinker, and protein.
Regulatory decision making: structure and agency in the development of the organizational sentencing guidelines

The United States Sentencing Commission promulgated federal organizational sentencing guidelines in 1991. The final product eroded the guidelines’ original severity, as drafts were rejected over a period of 4 years. The initial goal of the Commission was to implement organizational guidelines that were on par with individual-level sanctions in order to remove any suggestion that powerful corporations receive lesser penalties than individuals convicted of “street crimes”. This study analyzes the erosion of the Commission’s stated goal by evaluating the organizational structures, individual and group characteristics, and the social, political, economic, and historical contexts involved in the evolution of federal sentencing guidelines for organizations. Results indicate that, while structural-level variables played a large part in explaining the development of the guidelines, a more accurate and complete understanding of this process is possible by including an analysis of the individual-level characteristics of Commissioners, including their professional backgrounds, ideological perspectives, styles of leadership, and future goals.
Species-specific effects of grass litter mass and type on emergence of three tall grass prairie species

Abstract Because the mat of dead grass stems and leaves, or litter, is a conspicuous feature of grasslands and has been shown to affect various plant processes, I performed a growth chamber experiment on the effect of both grass litter mass (density) and type (species mixes) on emergence of three common prairie grass species. I found that (1) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) emergence decreased significantly at the highest litter density, but different types of litter had no effect; (2) little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) emergence decreased significantly at the highest litter density and with those litter types that included switchgrass litter; and (3) indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) emergence increased significantly at medium density and decreased significantly under its own litter. The results show that the smallest-seeded species had reduced emergence through the litter mat and that amount of litter was more important than type of litter. In conclusion, the full range of litter effects occurred: ...
Heritability patterns in hand osteoarthritis: the role of osteophytes

Introduction The objective of the present study was to assess heritability of clinical and radiographic features of hand osteoarthritis (OA) in affected patients and their siblings.
The Effect of Dietary Lysine Deficiency on the Immune Response to Newcastle Disease Vaccination in Chickens

Abstract SUMMARY. The effect of lysine deficiency on chicken immune function was evaluated using broiler chickens fed a diet with lysine at 67% of the control diet (1.24% lysine). The evaluation of humoral immune function was conducted by measuring the antibody production to a live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccination using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cellular immune function was evaluated through the use of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity test. The antibody response to NDV vaccination was reduced in broiler chickens fed a lysine-deficient diet when measured by ELISA but not when measured by HI. The cell-mediated immune response was also reduced by lysine deficiency.
Recruitment of a Large Community of Pediatricians in a Collaborative Research Project

To investigate the effects of an educational program on the compliance-enhancing behavior of pediatricians and the subsequent regimen adherence of their patients, it was necessary to enlist the participation of a large number of pediatric practitioners. The physicians had to be motivated to attend two evenings of tutorial training; to enroll their patients in the project; and to complete detailed study documents. Ultimately, 90 of the 97 pediatricians practicing in the community took part. The following factors are felt to have contributed to the widespread participation of the pediatricians: 1) the subject was interesting and of relevance to clinical practice; 2) the study was designed so as not to interfere with office routine; 3) major demands were not made on the patients; 4) due consideration was given to the value of the physicians' participation; and 5) communication between the investigators and the practitioners was facilitated by a liaison pediatrician.
The Childlike Question Its Value in Teaching

Questions have long been a basic tool in educational programs. There has, however, been little examination of the kinds of questions that are most productive, particularly for children with learning difficulties. This paper addresses itself to this problem by formulating a set of principles for question asking that are derived from an analysis of the child's natural mode of thinking.
Comparison of different preenrichment broths, egg:preenrichment broth ratios, and surface disinfection for the detection of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Enteritidis in shell eggs

Abstract Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is the leading reported cause of Salmonella infections. Most Salmonella Enteritidis infections are associated with whole shell eggs and egg products. This project attempted to lay the foundation for improving the Food and Drug Administration's current Bacteriological Analytical Manual method for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs. Two Salmonella Enteritidis isolates were used for comparisons among different preenrichment and enrichment media and for the evaluation of egg:preenrichment broth ratios for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs. The effect of surface disinfection on the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs was also investigated. The results indicated that tryptic soy broth (TSB) was similar to TSB plus ferrous sulfate, but significantly (α = 0.05) better than nutrient broth, Universal Preenrichment broth, and buffered peptone water when used for preenrichment of Salmonella in shell eggs. Salmonella Enteritidis populations after enrichment with Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth were 0.40 to 1.11 log cfu/mL of culture lower than those in preenrichment cultures. The reduction was statistically significant (α = 0.05). Egg:broth ratios at 1:9 and 1:2 produced significantly (α = 0.05) higher Salmonella Enteritidis populations after preenrichment with TSB with inoculum levels at 4 cfu/100 g of eggs and 40 cfu/1,000 g of eggs than the ratio at 1:1. Salmonella Enteritidis populations in TSB preenrichment cultures of shell eggs surface-disinfected with 70% alcohol:iodine/potassium iodide solution and untreated control were 9.11 ± 0.11 and 9.18 ± 0.05 log cfu/mL, respectively, for SE 13–2, and 9.20 ± 0.04 and 9.16 ± 0.05 log cfu/mL, respectively, for SE CDC_2010K_1543. Surface disinfection of eggs did not reduce the sensitivity of detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in liquid eggs. These results could improve the Food and Drug Administration's current Bacteriological Analytical Manual method for the detection of Salmonella in shell eggs by simplifying the preenrichment medium and changing the sample handling before enrichment.
Self-Etching Primers Result in Higher Odds of Attachment Failure Than Acid Etch, but Do Result in Modest Time Savings

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Self-etch primers and conventional acid-etch technique for orthodontic bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fleming PS, Johal A, Pandis N. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;142:83-94. Reviewer Anne-Marie Bollen, DDS, MS, PhD Purpose/Question To assess the risk of attachment failure, bonding time, and demineralization adjacent to attachments between 1-stage (self-etch) and 2-stage (acid etch) bonding in orthodontic patients over a minimum follow-up period of 12 months Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Systematic review and meta-analysis Level of Evidence Level 1: Good-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade A: Consistent, good-quality patient-oriented evidence
Disability, Gender and Intimate Partner Violence: Relationships from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Research on women with disabilities has found that the most common perpetrators of violence were current or former intimate partners (Young et al. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 78, S34–S38, 1997; Riddington, Beating the “odds”: Violence and Women with Disabilities (Position Paper 2). 1989). This article examines intimate partner sexual and physical abuse experienced by women with disabilities compared to women without disabilities and men with and without disabilities through chi square analysis and regression analysis using data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Results show that women with disabilities experienced almost twice the rate of all forms of abuse compared to the other populations. Variables increasing the likelihood of abuse include being female, disabled, not employed, uncoupled and younger age. Implications for future research, screening and intervention for rehabilitation professionals are discussed.
Gastric perforation following endoscopic removal of a Bravo pH capsule in a cat

A 7-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for hyporexia and weight loss following endoscopic placement of an intragastric pH monitoring device. Physical examination of the cat was unremarkable, and its blood work was notable for a mild hypoalbuminemia. The cat’s acute hyporexia and weight loss was attributed to discomfort associated with the intragastric pH monitoring device, as has been reported in humans. Endoscopic removal of the intragastric pH monitoring device resulted in gastric perforation. The cat underwent exploratory laparotomy for surgical resection and repair of the perforated area. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gastric perforation secondary to removal of a Bravo pH capsule. Caution may be advised when considering intragastric pH capsule removal in cats.
Modeling Marine Boundary-Layer Clouds with a Two-Layer Model: A One-Dimensional Simulation

A two-layer model of the marine boundary layer is described. The model is used to simulate both stratocumulus and shallow cumulus clouds in downstream simulations. Over cold sea surfaces, the model predicts a relatively uniform structure in the boundary layer with 90%-100% cloud fraction. Over warm sea surfaces, the model predicts a relatively strong decoupled and conditionally unstable structure with a cloud fraction between 30% and 60%. A strong large-scale divergence considerably limits the height of the boundary layer and decreases relative humidity in the upper part of the cloud layer; thus, a low cloud fraction results. The efffects of drizzle on the boundary-layer structure and cloud fraction are also studied with downstream simulations. It is found that drizzle dries and stabilizes the cloud layer and tends to decouple the cloud from the subcloud layer. Consequently, solid stratocumulus clouds may break up and the cloud fraction may decrease because of drizzle.
Rejoinder of “Estimating structured high-dimensional covariance and precision matrices: Optimal rates and adaptive estimation”

We are deeply grateful to the discussants for providing constructive and stimulating comments and suggestions. Our paper gives a survey of recent optimality and adaptivity results on estimating various families of structured covariance and precision matrices in the high-dimensional setting, with a focus on understanding the intrinsic difficulty of the problems. To achieve this goal, we present main results under relative simple and unified assumptions, and hence do not address some practical issues. Several such questions are raised by the discussants, including robustness to outliers, Gaussian assumption, estimation with missing data, estimation with time-dependent observations, alternative bandwidth selection, and hybrid procedures for estimating precision matrices. In this rejoinder we comment on these important points and remark on some challenges that lie ahead.
Tracing Ultrafast Separation and Coalescence of Carrier Distributions in Graphene with Time-Resolved Photoemission

Graphene, a recently discovered two-dimensional form of carbon, is a strong candidate for many future electronic devices. There is, however, still much debate over how the electronic properties of graphene behave on ultrashort time scales. Here by employing the technique of time-resolved photoemission, we obtain the evolving quantum distributions of the electrons and holes: on an ultrashort 500 fs time scale, the electron and hole populations can be described by two separate Fermi–Dirac distributions, whereas on longer time scales the populations coalesce to form a single Fermi–Dirac distribution at an elevated temperature. These studies represent the first direct measure of carrier distribution dynamics in monolayer graphene after ultrafast photoexcitation.
LONG-TERM PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS FOR ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS: A 6-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF 1,226 ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER INTERNATIONAL CONFIRM STUDY

The long-term prognostic benefit of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) findings of coronary artery disease (CAD) in asymptomatic population is unknown. From the prospective multicenter international CONFIRM long-term study (N=17,181), we evaluated asymptomatic subjects without known
Electrically Tunable Metasurface Perfect Absorbers for Ultrathin Mid-Infrared Optical Modulators

Dynamically reconfigurable metasurfaces open up unprecedented opportunities in applications such as high capacity communications, dynamic beam shaping, hyperspectral imaging, and adaptive optics. The realization of high performance metasurface-based devices remains a great challenge due to very limited tuning ranges and modulation depths. Here we show that a widely tunable metasurface composed of optical antennas on graphene can be incorporated into a subwavelength-thick optical cavity to create an electrically tunable perfect absorber. By switching the absorber in and out of the critical coupling condition via the gate voltage applied on graphene, a modulation depth of up to 100% can be achieved. In particular, we demonstrated ultrathin (thickness < λ0/10) high speed (up to 20 GHz) optical modulators over a broad wavelength range (5–7 μm). The operating wavelength can be scaled from the near-infrared to the terahertz by simply tailoring the metasurface and cavity dimensions.
Humanitarian Activities Carried Out Across Borders in Times of Armed Conflict in the Light of State Sovereignty and International Humanitarian Law

The purpose of this chapter is to clarify the extent to which a State may exercise its discretion to decide whether to allow humanitarian organizations to carry out humanitarian activities across borders in times of armed conflict in the light of the principle of State sovereignty and international humanitarian law. In particular, this chapter discusses the interplay between the principle of sovereignty and international humanitarian law and clarifies the extent to which the applicable rules of international humanitarian law limit the exercise of the sovereign right to control the entry of humanitarian organizations into a State’s territory. The chapter concludes that, in times of armed conflict, the consent of the State is required in order to carry out humanitarian activities in the territory of that State, including in those parts that are controlled by the enemy State or an armed group, but that the State’s discretion to withhold consent is limited by specific rules of international humanitarian law as well as by binding decisions of the Security Council.
Analysis On The Prevalence State Of Malaria And The Evaluation The Control Measures In Fuyang City From 2001 To 2009

Objective To study the prevalence state of malaria in Fuyang city from 2001 to 2009,and evaluate the effects of the current measures in controlling the epidemic of malaria,and provide evidence for guiding the future work.Methods Data of malaria cases in Fuyang city from 2001 to 2009 were collected systematically from the internet-based reported system,and analyzed the epidemic state of malaria.And the implementation of various control measures were investigated and used to make comprehensive assessment.Results From 2001 to 2007,the incidence of malaria increased year by year.Through the implementation of various control measures,such as eliminating infectious source and protecting against mosquito or killing mosquito,the quick upward tendency of the incidence was under control after August,2007,and the incidence was significantly decreased in 2009.Conclusion The effective implementation of control measures was the key of the malaria control.In order to control malaria effectively,we should conduct the various prevention-measures earnestly,based on the principles of specific guidance and point-highlighting.
Roger Yate Stanier, 1916-1982: a transcendent journey.

The Tenth International Symposium on Phototrophic Prokaryotes (Barcelona, 26–31 August 2000) was the latest in a series of conferences initiated by Roger Stanier in 1971 to create ties within the community of scientists working with cyanobacteria or green and purple bacteria. Consonant with Stanier's own work, the subjects of these conferences range broadly from systematics and ecology through genetics, biochemistry and physiology. The effort to define comprehensively the place of bacteria in the living world was the leitmotif in Stanier's work, the subject of one of his earliest papers (in 1941), and revisited for the final time in his autobiographical memoir of 1980. Salvador Luria noted that Stanier "...always pursued broad naturalistic interests along with chemical ones, deliberately emphasizing morphology and ecology side by side with biochemistry." Chronologically, Stanier's work addressed taxonomic and nutritional aspects of the cytophagas, enzyme induction and patterns of regulation of enzyme synthesis, aromatic degradative pathways, characterization of what would subsequently be called 70S bacterial ribosomes, the regulation of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis by nonsulfur purple bacteria, protection by carotenoids against photooxidative damage, the path of carbon in heterotrophy, the molecular basis of streptomycin dependence, the life cycle of Caulobacter, the taxonomy of pseudomonads, and, for the last 12 years of his life, wide-ranging studies of the cyanobacteria.
Case Report: Infectious Mononucleosis and Acute Hemolytic Anemia; Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

1. Two cases of infectious mononucleosis complicated by acute hemolytic anemia are presented. One of these patients had, in addition, an underlying Mediterranean anemia. 2. Hemolytic anemia is a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis. 3. Thirteen similar cases have been collected from the literature, and the cumulative data summarized. 4. Recovery occurred in all cases. Splenectomy was considered necessary in only two. 5. The etiology of hemolytic anemia in infectious mononucleosis is obscure but there is good evidence to indicate it may be different in different cases. Hypersplenism initiated by infectious mononucleosis could best explain the authors’ cases whereas the elaboration of hemolytic antibodies would best explain some of the reported cases.
Notes from the Associate Editor

(1994). Notes from the Associate Editor. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 88-88.
High Variability in the Reported Management of Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease in Children after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a potentially fatal complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients with VOD are often critically ill and require close collaboration between transplant physicians and intensivists. We surveyed members of a consortium of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and transplant physicians to assess variability in the self-reported approach to the diagnosis and management of VOD. An internet-based self-administered survey was sent to pediatric HSCT and PICU providers from September 2014 to February 2015. The survey contained questions relating to the diagnosis and treatment of VOD. The response rate was 41% of 382 providers surveyed. We found significant variability in the diagnostic and management approaches to VOD in children. Even though ultrasound is not part of the diagnostic criteria, providers reported using reversal of portal venous flow seen on abdominal ultrasound in addition to Seattle criteria (70%) or Baltimore criteria to make the diagnosis of VOD. Almost 40% of respondents did not diagnose VOD in anicteric patients (bilirubin
Sydenham’s Chorea Therapy

Five patients with chorea successfully treated with carbamazepine at plasma levels of 6.5 - 8.8 mcg/ml are reported from the Dept of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and EEG Service, Hospital Infantil Vall d’Hebron, Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain.
Specific microRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network of Colon Cancer Invasion Mediated by Tissue Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6.

Abstract Metastatic colon cancer is a major cause of deaths among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Elevated expression of kallikrein 6 (KLK6), a member of a kallikrein subfamily of peptidase S1 family serine proteases, has been reported in CRC and is associated with low patient survival rates and poor disease prognosis. We knocked down KLK6 expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells to determine the significance of KLK6 expression for metastatic dissemination and to identify the KLK6-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) signaling networks in metastatic colon cancer. KLK6 suppression resulted in decreased cells invasion in vitro with a minimal effect on the cell growth and viability. In vivo, animals with orthotopic colon tumors deficient in KLK6 expression had the statistically significant increase in survival rates ( P =.005) and decrease in incidence of distant metastases. We further performed the integrated miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiling to identify functional miRNA-mRNA interactions associated with KLK6-mediated invasiveness of colon cancer. Through bioinformatics analysis we identified and functionally validated the top two up-regulated miRNAs, miR-182 and miR-203, and one down-regulated miRNA, miRNA-181d, and their seven mRNA effectors. The established miRNA-mRNA interactions modulate cellular proliferation, differentiation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in KLK6-expressing colon cancer cells via the TGF-β signaling pathway and RAS-related GTP-binding proteins. We confirmed the potential tumor suppressive properties of miR-181d and miR-203 in KLK6-expressing HCT116 cells using Matrigel invasion assay. Our data provide experimental evidence that KLK6 controls metastasis formation in colon cancer via specific downstream network of miRNA-mRNA effectors.
Institutional Type and Campus Recreation Department Staff as a Mediating Factor for Diversity/Multicultural Training

The main purpose of this study was to identify what factors restrict campus recreation departments from performing diversity/multicultural training. This study addressed the lack of research on diversity/multicultural training programs within campus recreation departments and examined the relationship between type of institution, department size, and the number and types of diversity/multicultural training programs offered in an academic year. Of the 210 campus recreation departments surveyed, 52% indicated they did not have enough time to give the necessary attention to diversity/multicultural training and any related strategies and initiatives. Of the 108 institutions that offer diversity/multicultural training, limited staff (47%), limited expertise/knowledge (46%), and other constraints (41%) hindered their ability to carry out effective diversity/multicultural training. By identifying diversity/multicultural training as a priority, campus recreation administrators could focus on what they are capable...
Combined rotation profile and plasma stored energy control for the DIII-D tokamak via MPC

Tokamak plasma rotation is widely recognized for its importance to heat confinement and plasma stability. In this work we consider control of the plasma rotation profile with the aim of building a control strategy suitable for testing various rotation profiles for stability characteristics and reaching desired operating conditions. To obtain a control-oriented model of the toroidal rotation profile evolution, a simplified version of the momentum balance equation is combined with scenario-specific models for the momentum sources. Various momentum sources including on-axis and off-axis neutral beam injection and the non-axisymmetric field coils, which provide rotation damping, allow not only control of the bulk plasma rotation, but also control of the profile shape. A feedback controller is designed in a model predictive control framework to regulate the rotation profile while satisfying constraints associated with the desired plasma stored energy and β (kinetic to magnetic pressure ratio) limits.
Do Bedside Visual Tools Improve Patient and Caregiver Satisfaction? A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background Although common, the impact of low-cost bedside visual tools, such as whiteboards, on patient care is unclear. Purpose To systematically review the literature and assess the influence of bedside visual tools on patient satisfaction. Data sources Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL, and CENTRAL. Data extraction Studies of adult or pediatric hospitalized patients reporting physician identification, understanding of provider roles, patient-provider communication, and satisfaction with care from the use of visual tools were included. Outcomes were categorized as positive, negative, or neutral based on survey responses for identification, communication, and satisfaction. Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of study bias. Data synthesis Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Visual tools included whiteboards (n = 4), physician pictures (n = 7), whiteboard and picture (n = 1), electronic medical record-based patient portals (n = 3), and formatted notepads (n = 1). Tools improved patients' identification of providers (13/13 studies). The impact on understanding the providers' roles was largely positive (8/10 studies). Visual tools improved patient-provider communication (4/5 studies) and satisfaction (6/8 studies). In adults, satisfaction varied between positive with the use of whiteboards (2/5 studies) and neutral with pictures (1/5 studies). Satisfaction related to pictures in pediatric patients was either positive (1/3 studies) or neutral (1/3 studies). Differences in tool format (individual pictures vs handouts with pictures of all providers) and study design (randomized vs cohort) may explain variable outcomes. Conclusion The use of bedside visual tools appears to improve patient recognition of providers and patient-provider communication. Future studies that include better design and outcome assessment are necessary before widespread use can be recommended.
Leisure and Work. Stanley Parker

(1984). Leisure and Work. Stanley Parker. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 275-276.
Mobile Technology and Academic Libraries: Innovative Services for Research and Learning . Robin Canuel and Chad Crichton, eds., for the Association of College and Research Libraries. Chicago: American Library Association. 2017. 284p. $68.00.

Providing content, collections, and services to mobile users is increasingly important in contemporary libraries. In Mobile Technology and Academic Libraries: Innovative Services for Research and Learning , Robin Canuel and Chad Crichton curate a collection of practical case studies of libraries adapting technologies, piloting new initiatives, and building new tools to meet the needs of mobile users. This volume is oriented toward academic libraries but is diverse within this constraint. Canuel is the Head of the Humanities and Social Sciences Library at McGill University, and Crichton is a Liaison Librarian at the University of Toronto Scarborough. Both have presented and published on the use of mobile technologies in libraries. The case studies come from academic institutions, but the selection features libraries of different types, including research libraries, archives, law libraries, and health sciences libraries. The volume also includes examples from functional units across the library, including public services, collections, web services, and instruction.
The Effect of CHAMP on Physical Activity and Lesson Context in Preschoolers: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose: This feasibility study compared the effects of 2 movement programs, traditional and mastery climate (i.e., the Children’s Health Activity Motor Program [CHAMP]), on lesson context and chil...
How do Test Scores at the Ceiling Affect Value-Added Estimates?

Some educators are concerned that students with test scores at top of the test score distribution will negatively affect the value-added estimates of teachers of those students. A conventional wisd...
Prima del decollo: la checklist pre-operatoria

Come nel caso di un pilota militare o commerciale, prima di ogni volo, anche voi dovete esaminare una “checklist”. In realta, il bisogno ossessivo di controllare ogni cosa e piu importante per voi che per un pilota. Mentre il pilota e circondato da una squadra esperta di tecnici della manutenzione, voi vi ritroverete spesso circondati soltanto da idioti. Non vogliamo essere offensivi o rudi, ma siamo realisti! Alle 2 di mattina il vostro interne o specializzando si preoccupa piu del sonno perso che della prospettiva di un intervento chirurgico. E l’anestesista? Il vostro caso urgente e soltanto una spina nel (suo) fianco. Prima potra somministrare il gas al paziente e prima potra mollarlo nella sua stanza o in terapia intensiva e ristrisciare cosi sotto le coperte– dove desidera di piu stare. E gli infermieri? Lasciateli perdere! Non per niente vengono adesso chiamati tecnici di sala (Fig. 9.1).
MDP-SPECT Versus Hybrid MDP-SPECT/CT in the Evaluation of Suspected Pars Interarticularis Fracture in Young Athletes.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To assess benefits of hybrid (single photon emission computerized tomography [SPECT]/computed tomography [CT]) imaging over SPECT imaging only in the management of young athletes with low back pain (LBP) due to suspected pars interarticularis fracture. METHODS Retrospectively reviewed medical records of 163 consecutive patients who had radionuclide SPECT imaging for evaluation of LBP between January 1, 2010 and December 30, 2015. All enrolled patients were divided into two groups (group 1: patients with radionuclide SPECT imaging only and group 2: patients with radionuclide hybrid imaging). Radiation dose, cost benefits, and mean duration of delay in complete diagnosis were assessed and compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A total of 91 patients were enrolled after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The volume CT dose index and dose length product (DLP) estimated for a scan length of 10 cm (DLP 10) were significantly lower for patients in group II (CTDIvol ) (P = .001 and P = .001). Although, there was no significant difference in actual DLP (P = .52). There was a median delay of 7 days (interquartile range 2-10 days) for complete diagnosis in group I patients. Least expensive imaging for early definitive diagnosis required for the treatment decisions was in patients who had a radionuclide Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan with limited lumbar spine planar and SPECT imaging followed by a thin slice, limited CT performed only when SPECT imaging was positive for an active pars interarticularis fracture. No significant difference in the management of patients between the groups (P = .47). CONCLUSION Hybrid imaging should be preferred over SPECT only imaging for initial evaluation of suspected pars interarticularis fracture in young athletes with LBP.
Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships of Heterocyclic Topoisomerase Iand II Inhibitors

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that are involved in diverse cellularprocesses, such as replication, recombination, transcription, and chromosome segregation. These enzymessolve topological problems related to DNA double helical structure by breaking and rejoining DNA strands.There are two major classes of topoisomerases: topoisomerase I (topo I), which breaks and resealsone strand of DNA, and topoisomerase II (topo II), which alters DNA topology by catalyzing thepassage of an intact DNA double helix through a transient double stranded break made in a secondhelix. A variety of heterocyclic antitumor agents currently used in chemotherapy or evaluated in clinicaltrials are known to inhibit either DNA topo I or II. The clinical use of these inhibitors is limiteddue to sever toxic effects on normal cells. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in discoveringand developing novel heterocyclic molecules that inhibit topo I or II or both, and which have the abilityto spare normal cells. Interest in the application of the quantitative structure–activity relationship(QSAR) has steadily increased in recent decades because it has repeatedly proven itself to be a low-cost,high-return investment. Potential use of QSAR models for screening of chemical databases or virtual librariesbefore their synthesis appears equally attractive to chemical manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies, andgovernment agencies. We hope it may also be useful in the design and development of new heterocyclic topo Ior II inhibitors. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to collect the inhibitory data on differentseries of heterocyclic compounds against topos I and II, and to discuss it in terms of QSAR to understandthe chemical–biological interactions.
Casualties and Public Support for Military Conflict with North Korea

What explains the American public’s support for military conflict with North Korea? Despite increased rhetoric, few analyses address American public opinion or whether priming the public to consider casualties influences their perceptions. The results of an experimental survey design suggest that mentioning the human cost—even without explicit references to American casualties—reduces support for American military action against North Korea but not broader perceptions of North Korea.
An approach to designing sustainable urban infrastructure

This article offers a conceptual understanding and easily applicable guidelines for sustainable urban infrastructure design by focusing on the demand for and supply of the services provided by seven urban infrastructure systems. For more than 10,000 years, cities have evolved continuously, often shaped by the challenges they had to face. Similarly, we can imagine that cities will have to evolve again in the future to address their current challenges. Specifically, urban infrastructure will need to adapt and use less energy and fewer resources while becoming more resilient. In this article, starting with a definition of sustainability, two urban infrastructure sustainability principles (SP) are introduced: (i) controlling the demand and (ii) increasing the supply within reason, which are then applied to seven urban infrastructure systems: water, electricity, district heating and cooling and natural gas, telecommunications, transport, solid waste, and buildings. From these principles, a four-step urban infrastructure design (UID) process is compiled that can be applied to any infrastructure project: (i) controlling the demand to reduce the need for new infrastructure, (ii) integrating a needed service within the current infrastructure, (iii) making new infrastructure multifunctional to provide for other infrastructure systems, and (iv) designing for specific interdependencies and decentralizing infrastructure if possible. Overall, by first recognizing that urban infrastructure systems are inherently integrated and interdependent, this article offers several strategies and guidelines to help design sustainable urban infrastructure systems.
Functional Analysis and Challenging Behavior

Many children diagnosed with ASD engage in challenging behavior, which can interfere with relationships, academic success, and daily functioning, or pose a safety risk to the individual or others (e.g., aggression, self-injury). Challenging behavior may develop and persist because of the consequences it produces, such as gaining access to attention or activities or ending undesired situations. When treating challenging behavior, therapists often perform assessments to identify why the behavior occurs (i.e., the function). A variety of functional behavior assessment (FBA) methods are discussed in this chapter, including indirect assessments (e.g., interviews), descriptive assessments (e.g., naturalistic observation of a client’s behavior), and functional analysis (i.e., manipulation of the environment to determine reinforcers maintaining challenging behavior). Functional assessments help therapists identify interventions that are likely to be effective and avoid those that would be contraindicated or ineffective. We recommend that therapists incorporate the function of challenging behavior into intervention planning, particularly when behavior is maintained by idiosyncratic variables or is not quickly responsive to well-established manualized interventions.
Geo4LibCamp 2019 Conference Highlights

Geo4LibCamp is a week-long meeting for anyone interested in how libraries can manage and provide access to geospatial resources. Hosted by Stanford University, the primary theme of the event is bui...
Macroepidemiology As It Affects Decision Making In Animal Health

The purpose of this paper is to present the new concept of macroepidemiology, to draw parallels with herd health and clinical epidemiology, and to provide examples of macroepidemiology in action.
Political ideology and diurnal associations A dual-process motivated social cognition account

Social scientists have begun to uncover links between sleep and political attitudes and behaviors. This registered report considers how diurnal morning-night associations relate to political ideology using data from the Attitudes, Identities, and Individual Differences Study, a large-scale online data collection effort. Measures encompass perceived cultural attitudes and social pressures regarding diurnal preferences and explicit and implicit measures of both morning-night attitudes and morning-night self-concepts. Together, the analyses demonstrate a relationship between morning orientation and conservatism for explicit morning-night self-concepts and, to a lesser extent, explicit morning-night attitudes. This relationship is not present for implicit associations, and associations with perceived cultural attitudes and social pressure are also largely absent. This study reinforces the notion that morningness and eveningness as explicit identities are associated with political ideology.
Hearing Preservation Surgery in the Sitting Position for Grade 3B Hannover Classification Vestibular Schwannoma: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

Surgical treatment of large vestibular schwannomas is challenging. Both facial and cochlear nerves should be preserved in patients who have no neurological deficit preoperatively. In this 3-dimensional video, we present a 35-yr-old patient who presented with documented increase in the size of a known vestibular schwannoma over the span of 3 yr. Surgery was favored among all treatment options due to his young age and the tumor size. Informed consent was obtained. Semisitting surgery allowed for bimanual microdissection of the tumor capsule from the surrounding arachnoid and cranial nerves with 2 micro dissectors. The precision of microdissection is enhanced in the sitting position. Facial nerve stimulation remained stable at 0.05 mA. The auditory evoked potential remained unchanged during the surgery. Complete resection of the tumor and preservation of facial and cochlear nerves was achieved. The patient had a stable hearing grade B and a normal facial nerve function at 3-mo follow-up.
Evolution of Management and Outcomes of Patients with Myocardial Injury During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Cardiac involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been established. This is manifested by troponin elevation and associated with worse patient prognosis. We evaluated whether patient outcomes improved as experience accumulated during the pandemic. We analyzed COVID-19-positive patients with myocardial injury (defined as troponin elevation) who presented to the MedStar Health system (11 hospitals in Washington, DC, and Maryland) during the "Early Phase" of the pandemic (March 1 - June 30, 2020) and compared their characteristics and outcomes to the COVID-19-positive patients with the presence of troponin elevation in the "Later Phase" of the pandemic (October 1, 2020 - January 31, 2021). The cohort included 788 COVID-19-positive admitted patients for whom troponin was elevated, 167 during the "Early Phase" and 621 during the "Later Phase." Maximum troponin-I in the "Early Phase" was 13.46±34.72 ng/mL versus 11.21±20.57 ng/mL in the "Later Phase" (p = 0.553). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the "Later Phase" (50.3% vs. 24.6%; p<0.001), as were incidence of intensive-care-unit admission (77.8% vs. 46.1%; p<0.001) and need for mechanical ventilation (61.7% versus 28%; p<0.001). In addition, more "Early Phase" patients underwent coronary angiography (6% vs. 2.3%; p=0.013). Finally, 3% of "Early Phase" and 0.8% of "Later Phase" patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (p=0.025). In conclusion, treatment outcomes have significantly improved since the beginning of the pandemic in COVID-19-positive patients with troponin elevation. This may be attributed to awareness, severity of the disease, improvements in therapies, and provider experience.
Functionalization of silicon surfaces with small molecule bioreceptors to enable fieldable biosensing

We present our work of a surface modification method to universally incorporate molecular bioreceptors onto silicon surfaces through azidation and a Cu-free click reaction. The method is exemplified against streptavidin with biotin as the receptor.
Distinguishing de Novo Second Cancer Formation from Tumor Recurrence: Mutational Fingerprinting by Microdissection Genotyping

Address requests for reprints to Sydney D. Finkelstein, M.D., Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, PUH A610.2, Pittsburgh PA 15213. E-mail: finkelsteind@msx.upmc.edu.
γ N Δ form factors and Wigner rotations

For more than 50 years the $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ nucleon resonance isobar transition form factors ${G}_{M}^{*}({q}^{2})$, ${G}_{E}^{*}({q}^{2})$, and ${G}_{C}^{*}({q}^{2})$ have been studied experimentally, theoretically, and phenomenologically. Although there has been substantial progress in understanding their behavior, there remains much work to be done. The \ensuremath{\Delta} resonance mass position and width remain ambiguous. A major tool used in many investigations is the Jones-Scadron \ensuremath{\Delta} rest frame parametrization of the three $\ensuremath{\Delta}N\ensuremath{\gamma}$ form factors. We point out that many studies utilizing this parametrization and related formulations and which utilize the \ensuremath{\Delta} rest frame (c.m. frame) may not account for Wigner rotations and the consequent helicity mixing that ensues when the \ensuremath{\Delta} is not at rest (lab frame) thus adversely affecting the accurate and precise determination of these form factors.
Ubiquitination of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM5α and its potential role

HIV-1 efficiently infects susceptible cells and causes AIDS in humans. Although HIV can also enter the cells of Old World monkeys, it encounters a block before reverse transcription. Data have shown that this species-specific restriction is mediated by tripartite motif (TRIM)5α, whose molecular function is still undefined. Here, we show that TRIM5α functions as a RING-finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase both in vitro and in vivo and ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. In addition to the self-ubiquitination, we show that TRIM5α is ubiquitinated by another E3 ubiquitin ligase, Ro52, and deubiquitinated by YopJ, one of the pathogenic proteins derived from Yersinia species. Thus, the ubiquitination of TRIM5α is catalyzed by itself and Ro52 and downregulated by YopJ. Unexpectedly, although TRIM5α is ubiquitinated, our results have revealed that the proteasome inhibitors MG115 and MG132 do not stabilize it in HeLa cells, suggesting that the ubiquitination of TRIM5α does not lead to proteasomal degradation. Importantly, TRIM5α is clearly conjugated by a single ubiquitin molecule (monoubiquitination). Our monoubiquitin-fusion assay suggests that monoubiquitination is a signal for TRIM5α to translocate from cytoplasmic bodies to the cytoplasm.
Formulation and implementation of nonstationary adaptive estimation algorithm with applications to air-data reconstruction

The dynamics model and data sources used to perform air-data reconstruction are discussed, as well as the Kalman filter. The need for adaptive determination of the noise statistics of the process is indicated. The filter innovations are presented as a means of developing the adaptive criterion, which is based on the true mean and covariance of the filter innovations. A method for the numerical approximation of the mean and covariance of the filter innovations is presented. The algorithm as developed is applied to air-data reconstruction for the space shuttle, and data obtained from the third landing are presented. To verify the performance of the adaptive algorithm, the reconstruction is also performed using a constant covariance Kalman filter. The results of the reconstructions are compared, and the adaptive algorithm exhibits better performance.
The Transcriptional Repressor MYB2 Regulates Both Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Proanthocyandin and Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Medicago truncatula

Accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) is limited to specific cell types and developmental stages, but little is known about how antagonistically acting transcriptional regulators work together to determine temporal and spatial patterning of pigmentation at the cellular level, especially for PAs. Here, we characterize MYB2, a transcriptional repressor regulating both anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis in the model legume Medicago truncatula. MYB2 was strongly upregulated by MYB5, a major regulator of PA biosynthesis in M. truncatula and a component of MYB-basic helix loop helix-WD40 (MBW) activator complexes. Overexpression of MYB2 abolished anthocyanin and PA accumulation in M. truncatula hairy roots and Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, respectively. Anthocyanin deposition was expanded in myb2 mutant seedlings and flowers accompanied by increased anthocyanin content. PA mainly accumulated in the epidermal layer derived from the outer integument in the M. truncatula seed coat, starting from the hilum area. The area of PA accumulation and ANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE expression was expanded into the seed body at the early stage of seed development in the myb2 mutant. Genetic, biochemical, and cell biological evidence suggests that MYB2 functions as part of a multidimensional regulatory network to define the temporal and spatial pattern of anthocyanin and PA accumulation linked to developmental processes.