cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal power control in multiple access fading channels with multiple antennas

This paper characterizes the optimal power control method for maximum sum capacity in a multiple access fading channel with multiple transmitter and receiver antennas when perfect channel side information is available at both the transmitters and the receiver. The profound benefit of multi-antenna diversity is demonstrated by a dimension counting argument. The optimal power allocation strategy in a system with n transmit antennas for each user and m receive antennas is a combination of successive cancellation and a TDMA-like scheme where in each time slot the rank of the transmit signals r/sub k/ for all users must satisfy /spl Sigma//sub k/r/sub k/(r/sub k/+1)/spl les/m(m+1). Thus, the total number of users that are allowed to transmit simultaneously is constrained by the number of receiver antennas. Receiver diversity increases the total number of dimensions thus allowing more users to transmit at the same time. By contrast, transmitter diversity allows a single user to occupy multiple dimensions as to benefit its own transmission, thus having the effect of precluding simultaneous transmission by other users.
New designs for priority queue machine

Two novel designs for performing a group of priority queue operations on a set of elements are presented. Processors in either design are connected together to form a linear chain. The first machine, called a binary heap machine, is based on a heap data structure. The algorithms for XMAX and INSERT operations are different from their sequential counterparts in that they both perform the restructuring process from the top. The second machine is called a banyan heap machine. The algorithms for this machine are the generalization of heap algorithms to a more general acyclic graph called a banyan. This design requires fewer processors than the heap machine in order to meet the same capacity requirement, and unlike some of the existing designs, processors do not have geometrically varying memory sizes, resulting in a completely homogeneous system. The key advantage of the banyan heap machine is that it is possible to retrieve elements at different percentile levels. >
Random and Deterministic Digit Permutations of the Halton Sequence

The Halton sequence is one of the classical low-discrepancy sequences. It is effectively used in numerical integration when the dimension is small, however, for larger dimensions, the uniformity of the sequence quickly degrades. As a remedy, generalized (scrambled) Halton sequences have been introduced by several researchers since the 1970s. In a generalized Halton sequence, the digits of the original Halton sequence are permuted using a carefully selected permutation. Some of the permutations in the literature are designed to minimize some measure of discrepancy, and some are obtained heuristically.In this paper, we investigate how these carefully selected permutations differ from a permutation simply generated at random. We use a recent genetic algorithm, test problems from numerical integration, and a recent randomized quasi-Monte Carlo method, to compare generalized Halton sequences with randomly chosen permutations, with the traditional generalized Halton sequences. Numerical results suggest that the random permutation approach is as good as, or better than, the “best” deterministic permutations.
The server at home model: a distance learning/research model and project implementation on the Web

In 1995, Nova Southeastern University (NSU) formed a research group of post graduate students to study the application of Internet/Web tools for bringing multimedia to the distance learning environment. Scigliano, Levin, and Horne (1995) reported the effort to improve interaction on the NSU distance learning network through some of these new Web tools (e.g. hypertext markup language or HTML). Faculty and students are now authoring with HTML extensively thus developing a nonlinear knowledge base that resides on the NSU server and which facilitates collaborative learning and research. But the very nature of such a collaborative learning environment is that it is not centralized and we see this in the way the Internet is evolving and structured today. Consequently, the multimedia research group formed a special project team to investigate the possibility of distributing the learning environment under a concept known as "server-at-home". This paper reviews the problems and vision that led to the establishment of the project team and how some preliminary results from them spawned an environment of computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) which is being applied in other related research team efforts under the multimedia research group at NSU.
Requirements for robust natural language interface: the languagecraft™ and XCALIBUR experiences

Natural Language interfaces to data bases and expert systems require the integration of several crucial capabilities in order to be judged h a b i t a b l e by their end users and p r o d u c t i v e by the developers of applications. User habitability is measured in terms of linguistic coverage, robustness of behavior and speed of response, whereas implementer productivity is measured by the amount of effort required to connect the interface to a new application, to develop its syntactic and semantic grammar, and to test and test and debug the resultant system assuring a certain level of performance• These latter criteria have not been addressed directly by natural language researchers in pure laboratory settings, with the exception of user-defined extensions to an existing interface (e.g., NanoKLAUS [4], v e x [6]). But, in order to amortize the cost of developing practical, robust and efficient interfaces over multiple applications, the implementer productivity requirements are as important as user habitability. We treat each set of criteria in turn, drawing from our experience in XCALIBUR [2] and in LanguageCraft TM [5], a commercially available environment and run time module for rapid development of domain-oriented natural language interfaces, f In our discussion we distill the general lessons accrued from several years of experience using these systems, and conducting several small-scale user studies.
Enantioselective, rhodium catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanations of homoallylic diazoacetates.

Abstract The homoallylic diazoacetates 3a–j underwent enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation with the rhodium catalyst Rh 2 (5 S -MEPY) 4 ( 1 ) to give the oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes 4a–j in 71–90% enantiomeric excess and in 55–80% chemical yield.
The foundations of corporate responsibility

The thesis of this paper is that corporate activity can best be understood on analogy with the acitivity of persons. The ground for this analogy lies in the nature of activity itself which is common to both and to find a ground therein an analysis of the features of activity is presented based upon a comparison of ‘activity’ and ‘process’ by Alburey Castell. Activity is said to be bi-polar with one pole the purpose or goal to be handled in utilitarean fashion and the other pole concerned with the maintenance of the presuppositions of activity.
The radar-glory theory for icy moons with implications for radar mapping

The anomalous radar echoing properties of three ice-clad moons of Jupiter appear to be due to glory-like backscattering from buried craters. The enormous glare from these sources would impair geologic studies based on standard methods of radar mapping. It is not known whether similar or different problems will arise in the radar study of other icy surfaces in the outer solar system, or of the unseen surface of Titan. In any event, the results from the moons of Jupiter illustrate the role of exploratory measurements and the importance of possible bistatic radar-mapping techniques based on the use of separated transmitters and receivers.
Thioridazine plasma levels and clinical response.

Summary o 1. The relationship between indices of plasma thioridazine concentration (half-life, area under curve, peak level) and clinical response was examined over a 10-day period in 25 patients with severe to moderately severe acute schizophrenia following a single oral dose (on day one) of a placebo and of thioridazine, 4 mg/kg (on day 6). This was a preliminary study, and the findings obtained here are being tested in continuous dose studies of schizophrenic patients. 2. Significant improvement in only 2 of 18 Overall-Gorham BPRS items occurred predrug (days 1–6), namely, in Guilt ( p p 3. Following the single dose of thioridazine, a significant average decrease was noted within 24 hr in the social alienation-personal disorganization scores, and within 48 hr in nine subscales of the BPRS, two of four factor scores of the BPRS, three of four Hamilton Depression Rating Scale factors, and one of six Wittenborn Rating Scale factors. The manifestations of the schizophrenic syndrome showing such significant improvement included Thought Disorder, Conceptual Disorganization, Apathy, Anxiety, and Depression. 4. Significant correlations were found between indices of plasma thioridazine levels and favorable clinical responses on certain behavioral and psychologic features of the schizophrenic syndrome. 5. Suggestive evidence was obstained which points to some predrug behavioral and clinical laboratory data that may serve as predictors of thioridazine pharmacokinetics.
The Influence of Diet on Urinary Stone Disease

AbstractPurpose: Conflicting data on the role of diet in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis prompted us to review the relevant literature regarding the impact of diet on urinary stone disease.Materials and Methods: MEDLINE searches were obtained from 1966 to date using a variety of key words, including urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, diet, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, oxalate, phosphate, magnesium, sulfate, citrate, sodium, potassium, fiber, fluids, alcohol and vitamins. References earlier than 1966 were obtained through bibliographies of these MEDLINE searches. The search included in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies.Results: Of the extracted articles 83 percent addressed the issue of nephrolithiasis and diet, and were included in this report. All articles were independently reviewed by each of us. The reviews were summarized and compiled according to each dietary component.Conclusions: Appropriate dietary manipulation may be beneficial in the prevention of recurrent urolithiasis in only...
Impact of CRISPR immunity on the emergence and virulence of bacterial pathogens

CRISPR-Cas systems protect prokaryotes from viruses and plasmids and function primarily as an adaptive immune system in these organisms. Recent discoveries, however, revealed unexpected roles for CRISPR loci as barriers to horizontal gene transfer and as modulators of gene expression. We review how both of these functions of CRISPR-Cas systems can affect the emergence and virulence of human bacterial pathogens.
Small Wideband Antenna with non-Foster Loading Elements

The paper demonstrates a new way of overcoming the fundamental limit imposed on the fractional bandwidth of small antennas in relation to antenna volume by means of using a non-Foster (active) network. Unlike the techniques known in literature that use non-Foster matching circuits to broaden the operating bandwidth of electrically small antennas, the present approach utilizes the specific antenna structure with an additional port which is loaded by a non-Foster reactive element. The combination of properties of the specific two port antenna structures and the reactive loads produces an extremely wideband response not achievable with passive antennas of the same volume.
Variations in the density of lipophorins during late larval and early pupal development of Manduca sexta

The density of lipophorin was determined in individual Manduca sexta during development from the second day of the fifth larval instar to the second day of the pupal stage. Lipophorin formed defined bands when subjected to density gradient ultracentrifugation. All lipophorin observed was high density lipophorin; however, the densities varied from 1.100 to 1.184 g/ml, and 40% of the animals had more than one density form of lipophorin. The lipophorins were divided into five density classes: class 1 from 1.100 to 1.113 g/ml, class 2 from 1.114 to 1.132 g/ml, class 3 from 1.133 to 1.145 g/ml, class 4 from 1.146 to 1.162 g/ml, and class 5 from 1.163 to 1.184 g/ml. In feeding larvae, classes 2 and 3 were the most abundant. Larvae of the first day of wandering had either lipophorin in class 2 or in classes 2 and 5. Later during wandering the variation increased, but on the third day most of the lipophorin was in class 2. In first day pupae, only lipophorins of classes 4 and 5 were detected, while on the second day of the pupal stage, classes 2 and 3 were predominant. Class 1 lipophorin was abundant in larvae injected with Manduca adipokinetic hormone (M-AKH), and rare in young feeding larvae. In no other stage was class 1 lipophorin observed. Our results show that the density of lipophorin is much more variable than previously reported which makes it difficult to ascribe any lipophorin density to a developmental stage. These results also show that adipokinetic hormone decreases the density of lipophorin in larvae. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inclusion body myositis: Review of recent literature

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a progressive inflammatory skeletal muscle disease of unknown cause and without effective treatment. This article discusses existing literature, emphasizing disease mechanisms and models. In particular, it addresses limitations in the β-amyloid-mediated theory of IBM myofiber injury, flawed rationales of animal models of this disease, and recent reports regarding treatment.
Phase Transitions in the Canted Antiferromagnet

We have made a theoretical study of the transitions induced by a magnetic field for the two-sublattice canted antiferromagnet at 0 K. The Hamiltonian for the system includes isotropic and anisotropic exchange, uniaxial single-ion anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya D\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${\mathrm{S}}_{1}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ antisymmetric exchange. The problem is solved in the molecular-field approximation with D perpendicular to the antiferromagnetic easy axis. The equations of equilibrium and stability are solved numerically by computer. The antiferromagnetic to spin-flop transition occurs when the net moment reaches a critical angle ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{sh}}({h}_{D})$. The paramagnetic transition is destroyed by the Dyzaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction unless the field is applied parallel to D. For H not parallel to D, we observe a quasiparamagnetic transition which manifests itself as an inflection point in the susceptibility.
Short-Cut Multiple Comparisons for Balanced Single and Double Classifications: Part 1, Results

Methods are provided for the rapid analysis of data in balanced single and double classifications. Sums of ranges provide short-cut measures of variability with only slight loss of efficiency. Tables of factors are provided to convert these sums directly into widths of simultaneous confidence intervals for simple comparisons of group totals. Two illustrative examples are treated in detail. The proposed procedures are recommended for routine use in initial analyses, though not to the exclusion of more refined procedures. The paper includes a general discussion of multiple comparison procedures: when they should and should not be used, the importance of confidence procedures and their advantages over significance procedures, choice among multiple comparisons confidence procedures, choice and description of error rates. It does not attempt to compare multiple comparison and multiple decision procedures.
An 11-month-old with anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease is an autoimmune disease that has rarely been described in children, and no cases have previously been described in a patient younger than 2.5 years of age. We report an 11-month-old infant girl who developed anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and progressed to end-stage renal disease and eventual renal transplantation. Although it has been suggested that this disease does not occur in infants, the possibility of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure and glomerulonephritis in an infant. The characteristic linear pattern of immunofluorescent studies for Immunoglobulin (Ig) G is important in suggesting the diagnosis, which can be confirmed by serologic testing for antibody titers.
Data analysis for classification of UXO filler using pulsed-neutron techniques

Irradiating substances with pulsed neutrons results in several types of interactions which cause the emission of gamma rays. The energy of these gamma rays is characteristic of the nuclei with which the reaction occurred, and can therefore be used as an indicator of the presence of an atomic species. The PELAN system uses a pulsed neutron generator, which makes it possible to separate the gamma spectra into inelastic and capture components that are easier to interpret. Historically, the analysis of PELAN data has been based on a least squares method to extract the contribution of different elemental species present in the sample. The approach uses measured response functions for each element of interest, followed by decision rules for the identification of the materials. We have investigated an alternative approach that does not require a model and response functions. Instead, the approach determines features directly from a number of spectra of substances of interest, e.g. explosives and hazardous chemicals. The PCA method has been used to obtain indicators from the spectra. These indicators are then used for detection and identification of substances using the GLRT algorithm. The performance of the data analysis is assessed through ROC curves. A comparison of the two approaches indicates that PCA followed by GLRT technique has better performance and is more robust than the previous approach.
Auroral origin of a component of Jupiter's decametric radiation

Simultaneous observations at about 22 MHz of an Io-unrelated component of Jovian decametric radiation from Voyagers 1 and 2 and from a ground-based observatory are analyzed to investigate the beam structure of the radiation and to locate the radio-emitting region. It is concluded that the radiation of this component is emitted in quasi-continuous beams that corotate with the Jovian inner magnetosphere and that each beam can be approximated by a sector of a hollow cone. The source locations are geometrically determined by fitting a hollow-cone beam model, based on the O4 magnetic field model, to the observations. The result indicates that the radio sources lie above the northern hemisphere and on the field lines that are connected with the ultraviolet aurora of the so-called active sector.
Impact of HIV-1 pol diversity on drug resistance and its clinical implications.

Purpose of reviewHIV knowledge is based on subtype B, common in resource-rich settings, whereas globally non-B subtypes predominate. Inter-subtype pol diversity encompasses multiple genotypic differences among HIV variants, the consequence of which is unknown. This review summarizes publications fro
Analysis of the multistep solidification process in polymer blends

The multistep solidification process of various ternary blends has been correlated to the chain dynamics and crystallization kinetics of individual components. These blends include a noncrystallizable poly(propylene glycol), an acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl methacrylate), and crystallizable polyesters such as poly(hexamethylene adipate) or poly(hexamethylene sebacate). When the sample temperature is lowered from the molten state, the contribution of each component in the solidification process can be readily recognized. The viscosity increase takes place in two steps. The initial increase is due to reduced segmental mobility. The second is due to the increase in crystallinity. On the basis of the data obtained for binary blends, the contribution of the crystallizable component in the viscosity change can be deduced. Although only minor structural differences exist between two polyesters, their phase diagrams differ considerably. As expected, these differences in phase diagrams led to diffe...
A culture and biochemical assay system for Trypanosoma lewisi.

Abstract Trypanosoma lewisi was cultivated as forms which appeared to be physiologically similar to those found in vivo . The medium consisted of 1.0 g peptone, 1.0 g glucose, 10 ml rat serum, 10,000 units penicillin G, 10,000 μg streptomycin and 90 ml Hank's Balanced Salt Solution. It was supplemented with 8.0 × 10 8 rat erythrocytes per milliliter. In the complete medium trypanosomes multiplied for 48–72 hr. Cultured forms were lethal to newborn rats and infective to adults. Adsorbed early immune serum inhibited the growth of the trypanosomes in vitro and the percentage of reproductives declined from 66 to 45%. The cultured trypanosomes were also susceptible to both trypanocidal antibodies.
ONTOGENESIS OF AUTONOMIC INNERVATION IN MAMMILIAN MYOCARDIUM

Indomethacin (IND) has recently been shown effective in closing the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in small premature infants. However, this mode of therapy has not been evaluated in older infants or children. We have given IND to 6 patients (pts.) with isolated PDA's ranging in age from 51 days to 6 years. All pts. had typical auscultatory findings of a PDA, widened pulse pressure and 5 pts. had electrographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Four pts. demonstrated cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary blood flow on chest x-ray. Three pts. had the diagnosis of PDA confirmed by cardiac catheterization to exclude associated cardiac anomalies. Echocardiography in 5 pts. revealed LA/AO ratios ranging from 1.2 to 2.0. IND was given orally in a dose ranging from 0.2 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg (1 pt.). Four pts. received 0.3 mg/kg for 2 doses 24 hours apart. In all 6 pts., the clinical & laboratory findings of a PDA remained after the course of IND was completed. Documentation of the patency of the PDA was demonstrated at surgery in 3 pts.; 3 additional pts. are awaiting surgical ligation. Our data suggest that there is an age-related mechanism for prostaglandin inhibition which was probably absent after 50 days of age in our pts. At the present time there seems to be no role for IND in the medical therapy of PDA's in older infants and children.
Building the information infrastructure required for managed care.

Purpose: To describe the information used by health care purchasers, policymakers, and administrators when making the decisions required in a managed-care environment and what the profession must do to develop an information infrastructure to demonstrate its contribution to patient outcomes. Scope: Managed care has created a competitive environment for all health care organizations in which they must offer the best value for their dollar. The purchasing processes germane to managed care rely heavily on information for the selection of cost-effective providers and the provision of efficient care. lnformation used in these processes is derived from transaction systems that largely describe physician and other health care worker's services, but not nursing care. Data analysis by computers requires that data be obtained using a standardized language. Currently, nursing lacks a unified approach to the use of a standardized nursing language. Conclusions: Individual nurses, nurse managers, executives, and educators should strive to develop an information infrastructure that will overcome barriers. Nurses should both adopt a unified approach to a standardized language, and develop a nationwide information infrastructure that will demonstrate nursing's contribution to patient outcomes.
Narrative of a Five Years Expedition Against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam

Narrative of a Five Years Expedition Against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam. JOHN GABRIEL STEDMAN. Edited, and with an Introduction and Notes, by Richard Price and Sally Price. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. 808 pp. $95.00 (cloth). ISBN 0–8018–3416–3.
Psychophysical threshold variability in cochlear implant subjects.

The dramatic differences observed when comparing auditory neural responses to electrical and acoustic stimulation may illustrate one of the important mechanisms underlying the sometimes poor speech recognition abilities of individuals with cochlear implants. Recent research has suggested that the absence of a stochastic component in neural responses to electrical activation may be an important potential mechanism for this degradation in speech recognition performance. There are few psychophysical data, however, demonstrating that this stochastic behavior can be measured directly in implant subjects. In this study, variability in psychophysical threshold was investigated as a measure of the stochastic nature of the underlying neural response in human and non-human subjects implanted with intracochlear electrode arrays. Threshold data collected in both monopolar and bipolar stimulation modes at several phase durations from cat and human subjects are presented. The nature of the neural input/output curve suggests that threshold variability should increase as the slope of the input/output curve is decreased, i.e. as phase duration is increased. These predictions are confirmed by the pattern of psychophysical results measured experimentally in cat and human subjects. Furthermore, the data may suggest that subjects with higher threshold variability, i.e. a relatively greater stochastic component, are more likely to have higher speech recognition scores.
On the non-spherical structure of the nova nebulosity

The observed nonspherical structure of the material ejected during a nova outburst is explained by considering a component of the cataclysmic binaries ignored in previous theories - the ring of material which lies in the equatorial plane and surrounds the white dwarf. When the expanding shell collides with the ring, a shock is formed which heats the material in the ring and in the portion of the shell striking the ring. There is enough energy and density in the expanding shell for it to sweep the ring along, but with a final velocity somewhat lower than the shell moving perpendicular to the ring. The result is a prolate ellipsoid with the long axis perpendicular to the plane of the binary orbit. As the nebulosity evolves, the density remains greater in the equatorial plane than at the polar axis. This hypothesis is supported by calculations of the forbidden emission line ratios which also imply a higher equatorial density.
Experimental verification of a theoretical model of an active-cladding optical fiber fluorosensor

Experiments were conducted to verify a theoretical model on the injection efficiency of sources in the cladding of an optical fiber. The theoretical results predicted an increase in the injection efficiency for higher differences in refractive indices between the core and cladding. The experimental apparatus used consisted of a glass rod 50 cm long, coated at one end with a thin film of fluorescent substance. The fluorescent substance was excited with side illumination, perpendicular to the rod axis, using a 476 nm Argon-ion laser. Part of the excited fluorescence was injected into the core and guided to a detector. The signal was measured for several different cladding refractive indices. The cladding consisted of sugar dissolved in water and the refractive index was changed by varying the sugar concentration in the solution. The results indicate that the power injected into the rod, due to evanescent wave injection, increases with the difference in refractive index which is in qualitative agreement with theory.
An integrated surface-plasmon source

A compact and versatile source of coherent surface-plasmon polaritions (SPPs) is demonstrated by end-coupling a laser diode operating at 1.46 μm to a plasmonic waveguide integrated on the same microchip. With an optimized overlap between the spatial-modes of the laser and a planar-stripe waveguide, a high coupling efficiency of ~36% is achieved, that computations show could approach ~60% with smaller, readily achievable gaps between laser and waveguide. This integrated and electrically-activated source, with an available SPP power limited only by the laser diode, appears ideally suited for directly driving plasmonic circuitry or surface-enhanced sensors.
Women Administrators in Christian Universities: Making Family and Career Co-Central.

The purpose of this study was to explore how women in administrative positions in Christian higher education integrate their professional and personal lives. Six women in leadership positions in small, faith-based liberal arts colleges were interviewed. Levinson's (1996) concept of gender-splitting was used as a lens to analyze the data. The women in this study have experienced a number of influences that moderate strict notions of gender-splitting: coming from non-traditional homes with working mothers, husbands who provide substantial support with domestic duties, strong personal motivation to achieve, and mentors who provided support and guidance. The women spoke freely of their work as a ‘calling’ and used their faith in God when meeting a variety of challenges. While gender-splitting was a prevailing influence in the lives of the women in this study there was substantial evidence to show that they were resilient and flexible enough to create pathways to negotiate the commitment to family and the comm...
Does rain help the Republicans? Theory and evidence on turnout and the vote

Conventional political wisdom holds that inclement weather on election day reduces turnout, and helps elect Republican candidates. Analysis of National Climatic Data Center weather records and National Election Studies (NES) survey data for 1984, 1986, and 1988 refutes the latter hypothesis: interaction variables based on various measures of partisanship and election-day rainfall show no evidence of partisan differences in the turnout-deterring impact of inclement weather. Furthermore, rainfall does not significantly reduce the probability of voting for the NES samples as a whole, but only among those respondents scoring low on the standard NES civic duty indicator.
T-DNA insertion mutagenesis in Arabidopsis: going back and forth

T-DNA insertion mutagenesis in Arabidopsis has been instrumental in advancing our knowledge of the physiology, biochemistry and development of plants. In just a few years plant biology, the late starter of molecular genetics, has placed itself at the forefront of science in large measure as a result of the more than 20000 T-DNA transformants that have been generated in Arabidopsis. To date, approximately 4000 mutants have been identified and more than 40 genes have been isolated via the T-DNA tag. The large population of transformed lines in now being subjected to a PCR-based reverse genetics strategy to identify new insertion mutants in sequences of interest.
The 1959 and 1960 eruptions of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, and the construction of walls to restrict the spread of the lava flows

A summit eruption of Kilauea volcano took place in Kilauea Iki crater, immediately adjacent to Kilauea caldera, from November 14 to December 20, 1959. Approximately 61 million cubic meters of lava was poured into the crater during 16 short eruptive episodes. Following each of the later episodes nearly as much lava drained back into the vent as had been poured out. On January 13, 1960, eruption commenced on the east rift zone of Kilauea about 40 kilometers east of the caldera. This eruption continued until February 19, liberating 113 million cubic meters of lava, and burying approximately 5.6 square kilometers of land surface, including much agricultural land and most of the village of Kapoho. Several walls were built, to try to prevent or lessen the southward encroachment of the lava. These walls were dams, impounding the lava, not diversion barriers. Lava overflowed the dams, but it is believed that the amount of southward spreading of the lava was sufficiently reduced to more than justify their construction; and it was demonstrated that such walls, properly constructed, will adequately withstand the thrust of even thick lava flows of the type characteristic of Hawaiian eruptions.
A novel integrated optimal battery energy management control architecture considering multiple storage functions

In this paper we proposes a complete battery energy storage management scheme that include three functions of energy storage a) energy arbitrage b) PV smoothing c) voltage regulation. The proposed methodology enhances coordination of ancillary services applications like voltage support with Energy Time Shift (ETS) and Renewables Capacity Firming (RCF) applications and thus provides much higher value for battery energy storage devices. The design is tested on an EMTP simulation platform which indicates that the proposed architecture provides optimal control strategy for grid level storage for various functions proposed.
Perlecan knockdown in metastatic prostate cancer cells reduces heparin-binding growth factor responses in vitro and tumor growth in vivo

Perlecan (Pln) is a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) of extracellular matrices and bone marrow stroma. Pln, via glycosaminoglycans in domains I and V, acts as a co-receptor for delivery of heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) that support cancer growth and vascularization. Specifically, glycosaminoglycans bind HBGFs and activate HBGF receptors, including those for FGF-2 and VEGF-A. The contribution of Pln to prostate cancer growth was tested using a ribozyme approach to knockdown Pln expression levels. Transfection into the androgen-independent, bone targeted prostate cancer line, C4-2B, and efficient stable knockdown of Pln was demonstrated by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Three individually isolated subclones with 75-80% knockdown in Pln mRNA, protein expression and secretion into ECM were used to study in vitro growth responses to FGF-2 and VEGF-A. While cells with normal Pln levels responded to both HBGFs, knockdown cells responded poorly. All lines responded to serum growth factors and IGF-I. Anchorage-independent growth assays showed reduced colony size and cohesiveness by all Pln deficient subclones compared to parental C4-2B cells. In vivo effects of Pln knockdown were measured by inoculating knockdown and control ribozyme transfected cell lines into athymic mice. A reduced growth rate, smaller tumor size, diminished vascularization and failure to elevate serum PSA characterized mice bearing Pln knockdown C4-2B cells. Poor vascularization correlated with reduced levels of VEGF-A secreted by Pln knockdown lines. We conclude that Pln is an essential ECM component involved in growth responses of metastatic prostate cancer cells to HBGFs deposited in local and metastatic microenvironment.
Anorexia treatment based on extinction of a taste aversion: an addendum to Bernstein and Borson (1986).

The speculative theorizing of Bernstein and Borson, that anorexia in man can be due to conditioned taste aversions, is reviewed. Animal studies demonstrating hastened extinction of taste aversions ...
Uncoating and Development of Vaccinia Virus in Miniature Cells induced with an Extract from Marine Algae

DISSECTION of individual cells by microsurgery into nucleate and anucleate cytoplasm provides an effective means for the delineation of nuclear participation during virus infection1. Recently, we described2 the formation of aberrant cells and mitotic anomalies after treatment of tissue cultures with a biologically active concentrate derived from marine algae. The induced abnormalities included mixed populations of micronucleate and miniature cells. The sequence of their formation was recorded by time-lapse, phase cinematography. Micronucleation presumably occurred by a process similar to that obtained with colchicine3. Following metaphase, miniature cells were formed by multiple cytokinesis. Three to eight or more discrete daughter cells were usually produced from each mother cell thus affected. Each miniature cell contained one or more nuclear-like structures and hence only part of the total chromosomal complement of the mother cell. Occasionally, cytoplasmic fragments without nuclear material were noted which were, however, usually shortlived in our experimental conditions. This communication describes the development of vaccinia virus in preformed populations of miniature cells.
The living memory box: function, form and user centered design

The Living Memory Box project examines how to research and design user-centered system to support the collection, archiving and sharing of moments from a child's life. This research has provided us with details of key features to enhance our user-centered design and encompass all aspects of the system. We plan to use these findings to influence the development of ubiquitous capture and access methods. It is our contention that this method of desing can yield a strong foundation for the development of user-centered design throughout all aspects of the system.
Annulated heterocycles through a radical-cation cyclization: synthetic and mechanistic studies

The wide range of chemical transformations possible with furans and thiophenes, especially reactions leading to dearomatization of the nucleus, make them highly versatile synthons for complex molecule construction. As part of a program to exploit this intrinsic reactivity, we have developed a convenient method to prepare annulated versions of these heterocycles. The strategy is based on a two-step annulation involving the initial conjugate addition of a heteroaryl organometallic to an enone with trapping of the enolate as the silyl enolether. Anodic oxidation of this molecule leads to the initial formation of a radical-cation that is trapped in a heteroaryl-terminated cyclization to give the annulated products.
IMPEDANCE MICROBIOLOGY TO SCREEN VARIOUS ANTIMICROBIALS ON WHOLE AND FILLET CHANNEL CATFISH

Whole (deheaded and eviscerated) channel catfish were dipped in 1 or 2% lactic acid or sodium percarbonate (Pergenox ®). Whole and fillets were also washed with high-pressure water or 8% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Impedance detection time (IDT) was recorded for rinsates of the products. Fish dipped in 2% lactic acid had higher initial IDT than those dipped in 1 % lactic acid. Regardless of lactic acid concentration, IDT were the same in products held more than one day at 4C. Similar results were achieved for products dipped in Pergenox®. Fillets spray-washed in STPP had higher IDT than those dipped or spray-washed with water; the difference being pronounced after six days at 4C. For whole fish, STPP had a very significant initial reduction in microbial counts (higher IDT). Exposing the product to high-pressure spray wash for a short time did not have a significant effect on IDT, but the addition of STPP in the water did increase IDT, thus shelf-life.
Interaction between inorganic nutrients and organic matter in controlling coral reef communities in Glovers Reef Belize

We studied the responses of algae, corals, and small fish to elevated inorganic fertilizer, organic matter, and their combination over a 49-day summer period in cages that simulated the coral reef in the remote Glovers reef atoll, Belize. The addition of organic matter reduced while fertilization had no effect on the numbers of herbivorous damsel and parrotfishes. All measures of algal biomass were influenced by fertilization. The combined inorganic and organic enrichment produced the highest algal biomass, which is most likely due to the combined effect of higher nutrients and lower herbivory. The cover of turf and total algae were influenced by all treatments and their interactions and most strongly and positively influenced by fertilization followed by organic matter and the combination of organic matter and inorganic fertilizer. The inorganic and combined treatments were both dominated by two turf algae, Enteromorpha prolifera and Digenia simplex, while the nonfertilized treatments were dominated by brown frondose algae Lobophora variegata, Padina sanctae, and Dictyota cervicornis. The organic matter treatment had greater cover of P. sanctae and D. cervicornis than the untreated control, which was dominated by Lobophora variegata, also the dominant algae on the nearby patch reefs. Crustose corallines grew slowly (∼2.5 mm/49 days) and were not influenced by the treatments when grown on vertical surfaces but decreased on horizontal coral plates in the combined organic matter and fertilization treatment. No mortality occurred for the two coral species that were added to the cages. Porites furcata darkened in the fertilized cages while there was a mix of paling and darkening for a small amount of the coral tissue of Diploria labyrinthiformes. Inorganic fertilization stimulates small filamentous turf algae and Symbiodinium living in coral but inhibits brown frondose algae. Organic matter inhibits small herbivorous fish, L. variegata, and encrusting coralline algae when growing on horizontal surfaces.
Lights, Camera, Hemorrhage: Using Creative Learning Strategies to Engage Nurses

Childbearing Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the number one killer of women in the postpartum period, despite the fact that the United States spends more on health care than any other country. The need for education on PPH identification and management in our department was recognized because a number of nurses who were new to the specialty were hired. Communication issues between the labor and delivery unit and the blood bank, as well as confusion in ordering blood products after the implementation of computerized provider order entry also were identified. A final issue was inconsistency in nurses' ability to recognize and respond to PPH in a coordinated manner. Proposed Change To reduce mortality and morbidity due to PPH, the labor and delivery Nurse Practice Council (NPC) developed and presented two simulation scenarios. The first depicted common deficits in knowledge, skills, and communication leading to denial and delay, whereas the second demonstrated best practices. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation The NPC developed two scenarios depicting PPH. Night shift chose a scenario showing denial of signs and symptoms of PPH, delay in management, and poor communication with physician, team members, and patient/family. Day shift chose a scenario demonstrating best practices. Each group recruited actors and developed their script in collaboration with the educator, unit medical director, anesthetist, and the blood bank educator. The educator worked with the NPC to develop skill stations that reinforced the objectives: no denial, no delay, and consistent weighing of blood loss. Forty members of the department attended the presentation. Attendees were actively involved in debriefing after each scenario and participated in the skill stations. The research department provided breakfast and paid for the nurses to attend. Nurse interviews 3 months after the event indicated the following changes: increased use of the PPH cart, consistent weighing of blood loss, articulation of risk factors for PPH during shift huddles, and an increase in critical thinking. Most importantly, nurses had clear role expectations, which has improved teamwork during a PPH. Implications for Nursing Practice Engagement of direct care nurses in teaching each other is an effective method for changing practice to align with current recommendations for eliminating preventable deaths from PPH. Active learning, including simulation, with adequate debriefing provides education in a safe environment. The hospital has applied to participate in the Florida Perinatal Quality Collaborative's quality improvement initiative for obstetric hemorrhage management to assist us in achieving this goal.
Comparison of silastic and proplast implants in the temporomandibular joint after condylectomy for osteoarthritis

This study was undertaken to compare the long-term stability of Silastic and proplast when used as alloplastic implants following high condylectomy. Twelve patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were treated either unilaterally or bilaterally. The follow-up period ranged from one to four years. In all ten TMJs that received Silastic implants and in ten that received Proplast implants, there were no discernible differences relative to comfort, masticatory function, or TMJ mobility. Although Silastic and Proplast had similar functional characteristics, Proplast implants had better long-term stability than the Silastic implants.
Renormalizability of the functional schrödinger picture in Robertson-Walker space-time

Abstract We study free and self-interacting scalar quantum field theories in a flat Robertson-Walker metric in the functional Schrodinger picture. We discuss Schrodinger picture quantization, relating it to conventional Heisenberg picture quantization. For the interacting theory, we introduce the time-dependent Gaussian approximation to study time evolution of pure and mixed states and we establish renormalizability of the approximation. We also study the question of computing a finite, renormalized energy-momentum tensor for both the free and the interacting theory in the Gaussian approximation. Using the adiabatic expansion, we show that the entire subtraction necessary to make the energy-momentum tensor finite in the free theory can be written in terms of covariantly conserved tensors. We further show that the same subtraction is sufficient to make the energy-momentum tensor finite in the Gaussian approximation for the interacting theory provided that the mass and coupling constants are renormalized.
AID is expressed in germinal center B-cell-like and activated B-cell-like diffuse large-cell lymphomas and is not correlated with intraclonal heterogeneity.

AID is expressed in germinal center B-cell-like and activated B-cell-like diffuse large-cell lymphomas and is not correlated with intraclonal heterogeneity
A combined molecular-pathologic score improves risk stratification of thyroid papillary microcarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid papillary microcarcinoma (TPMC) is an incidentally discovered papillary carcinoma that measures ≤1.0 cm in size. Most TPMCs are indolent, whereas some behave aggressively. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether the combination of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutation and specific histopathologic features allows risk stratification of TPMC. METHODS: A group aggressive TPMCs was selected based on the presence of lymph node metastasis or tumor recurrence. Another group of nonaggressive tumors included TPMCs matched with the first group for age, sex, and tumor size, but with no extrathyroid spread. A molecular analysis was performed, and histologic slides were scored for multiple histopathologic criteria. A separate validation cohort of 40 TPMCs was evaluated. RESULTS: BRAF mutations were detected in 77% of aggressive TPMCs and in 32% of nonaggressive tumors (P = .001). Several histopathologic features differed significantly between the groups. By using multivariate regression analysis, a molecular-pathologic (MP) score was developed that included BRAF status and 3 histopathologic features: superficial tumor location, intraglandular tumor spread/multifocality, and tumor fibrosis. By adding the histologic criteria to BRAF status, sensitivity was increased from 77% to 96%, and specificity was increased from 68% to 80%. In the independent validation cohort, the MP score stratified tumors into low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk groups with the probability of lymph node metastases or tumor recurrence in 0%, 20%, and 60% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BRAF status together with several histopathologic features allowed clinical risk stratification of TPMCs. The combined MP risk stratification model was a better predictor of extrathyroid tumor spread than either mutation or histopathologic findings alone. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.