cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dose-dependent fluoxetine effects on boldness in male Siamese fighting fish

As the use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) continues to rise, these compounds enter the environment in increasing frequency. One such PPCP, fluoxetine, has been found in detectable amounts in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, where it may interfere with the behavior of exposed organisms. Fluoxetine exposure has been found to influence boldness and exploration in a range of fish species; however, how it might alter behavior in multiple contexts or over time is rarely examined. To this end, the effects of fluoxetine on boldness over time were studied in male Siamese fighting fish. Three different groups of males (0, 0.5 and 5 µg l(-1) fluoxetine) were tested in multiple boldness assays (empty tank, novel environment and shoal) once a week for 3 weeks to collect baseline measures and then at three different time points post-exposure. The effects of these varying exposure amounts on behavior were then examined for overall response, consistency and across-context correlations. Unexposed males were bolder in all contexts, were more consistent within a context, and had stronger between-context correlations than exposed males. Fluoxetine had dose-dependent effects on behavior, as males that received the higher dose exhibited greater behavioral effects. This study stresses the potential fitness consequences of fluoxetine exposure and suggests that examining behavioral effects of PPCPs under different dosing regimens and in multiple contexts is important to gain an increased understanding of how exposure affects behavior.
Abstract A36: Identification of chromatin-based patterns across lung cancer grades

A hallmark of the transformed phenotype is altered chromosomal structure. The development and progression of lung cancer, one of the most common cancers, is driven by the interplay of genetic and epigenetic changes. Although there have been numerous studies on chromosomal aberrations in lung cancer, and cancer in general, broad assessment of chromatin structure information has been understudied, and its role in malignant transformation remains poorly characterized. Cancer progression is classified by tumor grade, which is determined by examining morphological changes that cells undergo as they de-differentiate. Given that chromosomal aberrations are well-documented in nearly all cancers, it is surprising that there is currently no information on the role of chromatin structure in the progression of cancer. We have identified chromatin-based patterns across different lung adenocarcinoma cancer grades. To address the role of chromatin structure in the progression of cancer, we compared the chromatin structure from primary lung adenocarcinomas of grades one, two and three to their normal adjacent tissue, from multiple individuals, using an innovative microarray strategy. We measured chromatin structure across cancer grades between normal and tumor samples at three levels of resolution: nucleosome distribution, chromatin accessibility and three-dimensional molecular cytology. We used micrococcal nuclease (MNase) as a surrogate for highly diffusible molecules such as transcription factors, mobile elements, replication and repair machinery, and small RNAs. Our work indicates that grade one lung adenocarcinomas have greatly altered nucleosome distributions compared to the adjacent normal tissue, but nearly identical chromatin accessibility. Conversely, the grade three samples show massive disruptions in chromosomal accessibility, but only modest changes in nucleosome distribution when tumor and normal samples are compared. This data has allowed us to develop a model in which we propose that early grade lung adenocarcinomas are linked to changes in nucleosome distributions, while later grade cancers are linked to large-scale chromosomal changes. These results indicate that we should be able to use these chromatin structural changes to identify grade sub-type specific cancer biomarkers. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A36.
Preoperative intra-aortic balloon pumping in high-risk cardiac surgery patients

Intra-aortic balloon pumping increases myocardial oxygen supply and decreases myocardial oxygen demand by inflation and deflation of the balloon. This leads to increased perfusion of the coronary arteries during diastole. This technology has been used for critically ill cardiac patients for more than 30 years. The literature suggests that preoperative use of an intra-aortic balloon pump can be effective in high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Preoperative benefits of this technology may yield positive outcomes in terms of hemodynamic effect, decreased length of stay in both the intensive care unit and the hospital, and the reduction of complications. However, the intra-aortic balloon pump must be used with a profound understanding of proper mechanism and function, monitoring, and observation for potential complications. This requires excellent critical care nursing management.
High-resolution α and electron spectroscopy of Cf 98 249

$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle spectra of $^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$ have been measured with a double-focusing magnetic spectrometer and with passivated implanted planar silicon (PIPS) detectors. The conversion-electron spectra of $^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$ have been measured with a cooled Si(Li) detector and with a room-temperature PIPS detector. Precise energies of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ groups in the decay of $^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$ have been measured with respect to the known energy of $^{250}\mathrm{Cf}$. In addition, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-electron, $\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence measurements were also performed to determine the spin-parity of the previously known 643.64-keV level. From electron intensities, conversion coefficients of transitions in the daughter $^{245}\mathrm{Cm}$ have been determined. The measured ${L}_{3}$ conversion coefficients of the 333.4- and 388.2-keV transitions are found to be in agreement with the theoretical conversion coefficients for pure $E1$ multipolarity. On the other hand, the $K,{L}_{1}+{L}_{2},M$, and $N$ conversion coefficients are approximately twice the theoretical values for pure $E1$ transitions. These measurements indicate anomalous $E1$ conversion coefficients for the 333.4- and 388.2-keV transitions, as has been pointed out in earlier measurements. The measured conversion coefficient of the 255.5-keV transition gives an $M1$ multipolarity for this transition which establishes a spin-parity of 7/${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and the 7/${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}[743]$ single-particle assignment to the 643.64-keV level.
What’s the Score? Walkable Environments and Subsidized Households

Neighborhood walkability can influence individual health, social interactions, and environmental quality, but the relationships between subsidized households and their walkable environment have not been sufficiently examined in previous empirical studies. Focusing on two types of subsidized housing developments (Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) and Public Housing (PH)) in Austin, Texas, this study evaluates the neighborhood walkability of place-based subsidized households, utilizing objectively measured Walk Score and walking-related built environment data. We also used U.S. Census block group data to account for the socio-demographic covariates. Based on various data, we employed bivariate and multivariate analyses to specify the relationships between subsidized households and their neighborhood walkable environment. The results of our bivariate analyses show that LIHTC households tend to be located in car-dependent neighborhoods and have more undesirable walking-related built environment conditions compared with non-LIHTC neighborhoods. Our regression results also represent that LIHTC households are more likely to be exposed to neighborhoods with low Walk Score, less sidewalk coverage, and more highways and major roads, while there are no significant associations for PH households. These findings imply that more attention and effort toward reducing the inequitable distributions of walkable neighborhood features supporting rather than hindering healthy lifestyles must be provided to subsidized households.
Configuring and Verifying Reverberation Chambers for Testing Cellular Wireless Devices

Reverberation chambers provide a repeatable test environment for laboratory over-the-air testing and represent a viable solution for testing large-form-factor wireless devices. Such tests often involve “imperfect chamber” configurations in which the chamber is loaded with RF absorbing material. We provide step-by-step guidance on configuring and verifying chamber performance for over-the-air tests of single-antenna cellular wireless devices. We illustrate these methods with numerous examples, highlighting the tradeoffs in various chamber configurations. We conclude by calculating total radiated power and total isotropic sensitivity for a cellular-enabled wireless router and discuss methods for assessing uncertainty in estimates of these quantities.
Simulation Platform for Adaptive Front-Lighting System

Based on the theory of parallel mechanism, a spatial simulation platform with three-dimensional-of-freedom for the Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) was designed, and a mathematics model for solving the inverse kinematics of the simulation platform was also proposed to be applied to control the platform moving exactly. The luffing and heeling of cat body can be simulated on the platform, and the principle of AFS as well as PID control algorithm also can be validated based on the platform. The effectiveness of the simulation platform is successfully verified through the experiment by exerting the actuation function on the three axis of the platform.
INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL IMPACT OF LONGITUDINAL STENT DEFORMATION AFTER THE PROMUS ELEMENT PLATINUM CHROMIUM-EVEROLIMUS ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION

The PROMUS Element platinum-chromium everolimus-eluting stent (PtCr-EES) has a novel metal and stent design intended to improve deliverability, comformability, and radial strength, whereas such features might have the trade-off of reducing longitudinal stent strength, which would account for the
Correlation of fecundability and serum estradiol after danazol treatment in patients with advanced endometriosis

Objective To examine the relationship between pregnancy incidence and the level of serum E 2 during danazol therapy. Design Danazol was given by 200 mg four times daily for 3 months. Serum E 2 level was checked after completing the therapy, but before stopping medication. Patients then were advised to conceive at the appropriate time over a 6-month period. Setting Reproductive and Endocrine Laboratory of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan. Patients Infertile women with invasive endometriosis receiving conservative surgery and danazol treatment. Interventions Serum E 2 is checked before medication and at the end of danazol therapy, but before stopping medication. Main Outcome Measures Whether pregnancy is related to the change of serum E 2 caused by danazol therapy. Results There were 24 pregnancies in 38 patients with invasive endometriosis after treatment. Pregnant patients had significantly lower serum E 2 levels as compared with the nonpregnant patients. Conclusions After conservative surgery for invasive endometriosis associated with infertility, the therapeutic period of danazol treatment could be shortened to 3 months. Because there is significant correlation of fecundability and serum E 2 after danazol medication, serum E 2 could be a guideline for predicting pregnancy or for prolonging or changing of treatment after danazol therapy.
Demonstration of the existence of canine prostatic lymphatics by radioisotope techniques

Radioactive 198Au colloid injected into the canine prostate through an opened bladder to avoid violating the prostatic capsule was observed to migrate from the prostate to the regional lymph nodes. Significant isotope uptake in the kidney, liver, rectus muscle and distant lymph nodes was not detected, thus indicating direct spread of the isotope to the regional lymph nodes.
Analyzing Power in the \( ^{206}Pb{\left( {\vec p,{p_0}} \right)^{206}}Pb \) Reaction Near the 3p1/2 Isobaric Analog Resonance

Recent S-matrix theoretical predictions1 indicate that, under a few very general assumptions, the following relation exists among the parameters of an isoboric analog resonance (IAR): $$ \Gamma \geqslant 2\overline {\cos \left( {2{\phi _c}} \right)} \mathop \sum \limits_c {\Gamma _c} $$ (1) where Γc and oc are the partial width and resonance mixing phase, respectively of the IAR in the channel c and Γ is the total width of the IAR.
Recent progress in first-principles simulations of anode materials and interfaces for lithium ion batteries

Lithium ion batteries are currently a principal power source for small portable electronics. However, in order to extend their effective use as large-scale energy storage systems for electric vehicles and renewable energy, there is an imminent need to further increase the energy density, power density, and cycle life while retaining safety and cost at an affordable range. This fundamentally represents a knowledge and materials challenge that needs to develop a deeper understanding of electrode and electrolyte materials as well as their interfaces. Here, we briefly review recent progress in first-principles computational studies on the lithiation behavior of anode materials and the structural and chemical evolution of anode/electrolyte interfaces.
Das Schicksal des Wasserstoffions in der Niere

Als wir das Saulendiagramm der Serumelektrolyte bei metabolischer Acidose (Kap. 8) betrachteten, wurde uns klar, das die Lungen unfahig sind, die acidotische Zusammensetzung in eine normale zu verwandeln. In dem Beispiel der Abb. 8.3 hatte Chlorid einen Teil des Bicarbonates ersetzt. Wir waren uns einig: Das im Verhaltnis zu Na+ zusatzliche Chlorid muste fur die Wiederherstellung eines normalen HCO3 −-Spiegels ausgeschieden werden. Cl− kann jedoch nicht allein den Korper verlassen.
Environmental Justice Research: Contemporary Issues and Emerging Topics

Environmental justice (EJ) research seeks to document and redress the disproportionate environmental burdens and benefits associated with social inequalities. Although its initial focus was on disparities in exposure to anthropogenic pollution, the scope of EJ research has expanded. In the context of intensifying social inequalities and environmental problems, there is a need to further strengthen the EJ research framework and diversify its application. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) incorporates 19 articles that broaden EJ research by considering emerging topics such as energy, food, drinking water, flooding, sustainability, and gender dynamics, including issues in Canada, the UK, and Eastern Europe. Additionally, the articles contribute to three research themes: (1) documenting connections between unjust environmental exposures and health impacts by examining unsafe infrastructure, substance use, and children’s obesity and academic performance; (2) promoting and achieving EJ by implementing interventions to improve environmental knowledge and health, identifying avenues for sustainable community change, and incorporating EJ metrics in government programs; and (3) clarifying stakeholder perceptions of EJ issues to extend research beyond the documentation of unjust conditions and processes. Collectively, the articles highlight potentially compounding injustices and an array of approaches being employed to achieve EJ.
Suwannee River flow variability 1550-2005 CE reconstructed from a multispecies tree-ring network

Abstract Understanding the long-term natural flow regime of rivers enables resource managers to more accurately model water level variability. Models for managing water resources are important in Florida where population increase is escalating demand on water resources and infrastructure. The Suwannee River is the second largest river system in Florida and the least impacted by anthropogenic disturbance. We used new and existing tree-ring chronologies from multiple species to reconstruct mean March–October discharge for the Suwannee River during the period 1550–2005 CE and place the short period of instrumental flows (since 1927 CE) into historical context. We used a nested principal components regression method to maximize the use of chronologies with varying time coverage in the network. Modeled streamflow estimates indicated that instrumental period flow conditions do not adequately capture the full range of Suwannee River flow variability beyond the observational period. Although extreme dry and wet events occurred in the gage record, pluvials and droughts that eclipse the intensity and duration of instrumental events occurred during the 16–19th centuries. The most prolonged and severe dry conditions during the past 450 years occurred during the 1560s CE. In this prolonged drought period mean flow was estimated at 17% of the mean instrumental period flow. Significant peaks in spectral density at 2–7, 10, 45, and 85-year periodicities indicated the important influence of coupled oceanic-atmospheric processes on Suwannee River streamflow over the past four centuries, though the strength of these periodicities varied over time. Future water planning based on current flow expectations could prove devastating to natural and human systems if a prolonged and severe drought mirroring the 16th and 18th century events occurred. Future work in the region will focus on updating existing tree-ring chronologies and developing new collections from moisture-sensitive sites to improve understandings of past hydroclimate in the region.
A Personal Perspective on the State of the Art in Research in Glomerulonephritis

During the 20 years in which I have been personally involved in research on glomerulonephritis, the field has undergone a remarkable transformation. From the initial probing excursions into the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in the early 1960s a highly sophisticated discipline has arisen. Wide application of electron microscopic and immunofluorescent techniques to human biopsy material has taught us much, focused our interest on aberrant immune processes, and brought an ever-increasing complexity to the classification of human glomerular diseases. Paradigms developed during this period have, after a time of widespread acceptance, recently shown unmistakable signs of being replaced by a new and more richly varied set of dogmas. To the clinician, not directly involved in research in this area, the field seems to be ever more populated with an often bewildering variety of spontaneous and induced models of glomerular disease in experimental animals. However, experimental approaches in animals have been the bedrock of investigation into the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, and this work has taught us much about the ways in which aberrant immune processes bring about glomerular injury and the factors that mediate the injury itself. Highly sophisticated procedures such as direct micropuncture of glomerular capillaries and even isolated perfusion of individual glomeruli, tissue culture and cell cloning of glomerular constituents, receptor binding and enzyme kinetics, and very recently the development of monoclonal antibodies as probes of glomerular structure promise to add exciting new dimensions to our understanding of a structure that less than a decade ago was viewed as only a passive ultrafilter serving primarily to provide a rich supply of water and ions to the tubules for reabsorption.
Reconciling Data from Different Sources: Practical Realities of Using Mixed Methods to Identify Effective High School Practices

Background/ContextMixed methods research conveys multiple advantages to the study of complex phenomena and large organizations or systems. The benefits are derived from drawing on the strengths of ...
Geobotanical influence of talus movement on the distribution of caulescent Andean rosettes

Summary The distribution of caulescent Andean rosettes ( Coespeletia timotensis Cuatr. forma lutescens ) was studied on a talus cone in the Venezuelan Andes in relation to substrate stability. Debris movement was measured for a decade on the talus with painted stones placed along four transects. Marker shift decreased toward the footslope, and was also inversely correlated with particle size. Areas below bedrock outcrops and boulders moved less than those of open talus. Following the trends in slope stability, plant density was higher on the footslope and on coarse-debris areas. Most rosettes on the active talus were growing on blocks or directly below boulders firmly embedded in the slope. Soil shearing strength measurements showed that the talus surface below boulders is more stable than the bare sandy areas at the sides of the rock dams, which are recurrently disturbed by shallow dry slides. Wandering-quarter transects indicated that rosette populations on both the upper and the basal slope are strongly clumped. The upper, geomorphically active talus has a lower rosette density, and fewer and more diffuse clumps, which contain fewer plants than the clumps on the stable basal talus. Population structure differed between the two slope segments. Rosettes on both areas showed a pronounced seedling ‘gap’, but the upper talus had fewer seedlings and more tall plants, which reached a maximum-frequency peak at the 80–140 cm height-classes. The basal talus population had more seedlings, and a frequency peak at the 40–60 cm class. The full ecological explanation for the association of Andean rosettes with rocky talus habitats must be sought in a combination of factors, which include the vital role of blocks in maintaining high soil moisture, the protection against needle-ice heaving that rocks afford seedlings, and the greater stability of coarse-debris talus. All these allow a greater chance of survival to seedlings attempting to colonize the harsh talus habitat.
The common practice of “curbside consultation”: A systematic review

Purpose Point-of-care information needs for nurse practitioners are tremendous. A phenomenon often referred to as curbside consultation (CC) with colleagues is an information source for point-of-care clinical decision making. This literature review was conducted to describe: (a) characteristics of CC, (b) consistency of CC definition, and (c) attitudes about CC among health professionals using this information source for point-of-care clinical decision making. Methods This literature review includes research conducted from 1980 to 2016 concerning CC among health professionals. Data bases including PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Business Source, and Cochrane Library were searched resulting in 15 articles for inclusion in this review. Fink's recommendations were used to assess study bias risk. Conclusions Only studies including physician samples met inclusion criteria. These studies, primarily from consultant perspectives, were conducted in varied settings and were considered highly valuable. CC s averaging 9.4 min were defined as informal advice and information-seeking without formal consultation. Implications for practice A paucity of information exists concerning CC use among nurse practitioners. An assessment of CC processes among nurse practitioners is indicated to inform education and practice for research dissemination ultimately promoting patient care quality.
Learning to Lead from Chaos and Disruption & Offsetting For the Associated Negative Effects

This paper explores what we know about how leaders learn from their experience in environments where high levels of uncertainty, disruption and even chaos are present. While there are many theories about learning from experience there is a dearth of studies explaining how leaders learn when situations of uncertainty and disruption prevail. Yet, leaders require their learning experiences to be relevant when operating with the uncertainty that prevails in their world of work. Also, leaders benefit from the capacity to make sense of disruptive and unpredictable learning events, in breaking out of old regressive patterns and fostering new behaviors. Despite the potential benefits, learning from disruption in the context of leadership is negatively associated with difficult practices, such as being overwhelmed by anxiety producing events, or loss of psychological safety. I explore the intersection of the relevant bodies of literature on leadership education and experiential learning to see what insights they p...
From the History to the Theory of Administrative Constitutionalism

Legal scholars and historians have shown growing interest in how agencies interpret and implement the Constitution, what is called “administrative constitutionalism.” The points of contact between the history and theory of administrative constitutionalism are sufficiently extensive to merit systematic analysis. This chapter focuses on what history can offer the theory of administrative constitutionalism. It argues that historical accounts of administrative constitutionalism invite a more robust normative defense of the practice than theorists have thus far provided. There is much to the transparent, participatory versions of administrative constitutionalism that its defenders have primarily focused on thus far. This chapter is a preliminary effort to develop historically informed theoretical arguments that administrative constitutionalism can be virtuous even when it lacks those attributes. Also, while critics have reason to worry that administrative constitutionalism can be insufficiently deferential to courts and Congress, I contend that administrative constitutionalism can even be defensible if it varies from court doctrine and is contrary to congressional command.
Passive continuous electrocardiogram monitoring of firemen using non-contact electrodes

Firefighters have an increased risk for cardiac arrest while responding to incidences of significant magnitude. Current procedures in firefighting standards require several rehab activities such as measuring body temperature and electrocardiogram (ECG) for prescribed intervals during incidences. In this work, we developed a novel wirelessly powered, non-contact electrode (NCE) bio-potential sensor system with wireless communication for continuous ECG monitoring of firefighters. The system includes a passive flexible NCE ECG unit to be embedded in the base layer of the fire suit and an external unit to carry out wireless power transfer (WPT) via inductive coupling. The battery unit located on the fire entry suit provides power through a class-E amplifier operating at 1 MHz. WPT and real-time ECG acquisition were demonstrated and characterized. Our proposed method can also be implemented to obtain other physiological parameters, such as motions and body temperature, thus holding promise to promote safety of firefighters.
Regime Implications of Legislative Institutionalization in Post-Authoritarian Societies

The paper discusses regime implications of legislative institutionalization in post-authoritarian societies. Specifically, it addresses the role of legislatures in the process of democratic transition and consolidation. It contributes to explaining roles of legislatures in post-authoritarian societies after they complete the process of legislative institutionalization and develop full institutional capacity. The paper makes a case for the importance of theory development to address the needs of post-authoritarian societies in their democratic pursuits. It builds on well-established theories of evolutionary and historic institutionalism and contributes to further development of these theories by offering an additional perspective – compassionate institutionalism.
Preliminaries: Stochastic Processes

We begin with some preliminary review material on stochastic processes, fixing some of the vocabulary at the same time. The standard reference is Doob [2], supplemented by Gikhman-Skorokhod [3] where sometimes an updated presentation is helpful. Naturally we shall only touch upon aspects of direct concern to us.
How Membership in the Collegiate Recovery Community Maximizes Social Support for Abstinence and Reduces Risk of Relapse

According to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University, a 2005 survey revealed that 68% of full-time American college students (vs. 59% of nonstudents) reported alcohol use within the past month, with 83% having drunk within the past year. For illicit drugs, 37% of students reported use within the past year (CASA, 2007). In this risky environment, with both substances and users widely available, it is especially important for students who wish to recover from drug and alcohol problems to have a safe place in which to do so. The principal mission of the Center for the Study of Addiction and Recovery (CSAR) at Texas Tech University (TTU) is to provide such an environment for young men and women who wish to maintain abstinence and build a strong recovery while pursuing a college education (CSAR, 2008).
Improving Adherence and Promoting Behavioral Change

Treatment adherence consists of behaviors employed to follow recommendations by healthcare professionals with the goal of appropriate management or primary prevention of a disease state. Medication compliance is most commonly associated with treatment adherence. Other examples include lifestyle and behavior changes, such as following specific diet or exercise recommendations, complying with referrals to specialists and adhering to primary preventive practices like vaccinations. Identification of adherence problems is essential for medical providers as part of ongoing medical treatment and planning. Nonadherence can lead to significant medical repercussions and high medical costs (Brody 2017). Multiple factors contribute to treatment nonadherence. Among these factors are forgetfulness, cost, medication side effects, health-belief models, illness response and severity, as well as a myriad of intersecting psychosocial and healthcare system factors. Addressing these issues is a critical component to improving adherence.
Ultrasound elastography in neuromuscular and movement disorders

The purpose of this review is to summarize main pathophysiology of neuromuscular and movement disorders, present published evidence of ultrasound elastography in the assessment of common neuromuscular and movement disorders, and discuss what role ultrasound elastography modality can play in respect to neuromuscular and movement disorders.
Party Polarization, Ideological Sorting and the Emergence of the US Partisan Gender Gap

This article argues that the modern American partisan gender gap – the tendency of men to identify more as Republicans and less as Democrats than women – emerged largely because of mass-level ideological party sorting. As the two major US political parties ideologically polarized at the elite level, the public gradually perceived this polarization and better sorted themselves into the parties that matched their policy preferences. Stable pre-existing policy differences between men and women caused this sorting to generate the modern US partisan gender gap. Because education is positively associated with awareness of elite party polarization, the partisan gender gap developed earlier and is consistently larger among those with college degrees. The study finds support for this argument from decades of American National Election Studies data and a new large dataset of decades of pooled individual-level Gallup survey responses.
Catherine the great: selected letters: translated by Andrew Khan and Kelsey Rubin-Detlev, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2018, 434 pp., £ 12.99, ISBN 9 78019 8736 462

This new edition of letters by Catherine the Great (1729–1796) is unique. The book provides readers with a rare opportunity to get acquainted with a large corpus of excellently translated and richl...
Numerical analyses of rigid and flexible pavements responses under heavy vehicles’ loading

In an attempt to better understand the interaction between heavily loaded trucks and the pavement structure; rigid and flexible pavements’ responses (stresses, strains and deflections) were evaluat...
Precomputation Methods for Faster and Greener Post-Quantum Cryptography on Emerging Embedded Platforms.

Precomputation techniques are useful to improve realtime performance of complex algorithms at the expense of extra memory, and extra preparatory computations. This practice is neglected especially in the embedded context where energy and memory space is limited. Instead, the embedded space favors the immediate reduction of energy and memory footprint. However, the embedded platforms of the future may be different from the traditional ones. Energy-harvesting sensor nodes may extract virtually limitless energy from their surrounding, while at the same time they are able to store more data at cheaper cost, thanks to Moore’s law. Yet, minimizing the run-time energy and latency will still be primary targets for today’s as well as future real-time embedded systems. Another important challenge for the future systems is to provide efficient public-key based solutions that can thwart quantum-cryptanalysis. In this article, we address these two concepts. We apply precomputation techniques on two post-quantum digital signature schemes: hash-based and lattice-based digital signatures. We first demonstrate that precomputation methods are extensible to post-quantum cryptography and are applicable on current energy-harvesting platforms. Then, we quantify its impact on energy, execution time, and the overall system yield. The results show that precomputation can improve the run-time latency and energy consumption up to a factor of 82.7× and 11.8×, respectively. Moreover, for a typical energy-harvesting profile, it can triple the total number of generated signatures. We reveal that precomputation enables very complex and even probabilistic algorithms to achieve acceptable real-time performance on resource-constrained platforms. Thus, it will expand the scope of post-quantum algorithms to a broader range of platforms and applications.
INFLUENCE OF THE MEDICAL AND DENTAL HISTORY ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION

Background Medical history can have a positive influence on a radiologists’ interpretations, leading to a more useful report for the clinician. However, the medical history should not dictate the radiologic interpretation. We conducted a pilot study among the dentists practicing at the University of Florida to observe the influence of the patients’ medical and dental histories on the differential radiologic interpretation. Objective(s) The aim of this study was to observe the influence of the medical and dental histories on radiologic interpretation, and the variation depending on the dental specialty and the dentist's years of experience; and to encourage the dental practitioner to follow a systematic diagnostic strategy to avoid bias caused by the patient's medical and dental histories during radiologic interpretation. Study Design Dentists practicing at the University of Florida College of Dentistry were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of equal number. A survey email was sent to these groups, containing a case presentation with a pantomograph, intraoral photographs, and a medical history. The medical history was intentionally changed in each group to observe if this influenced the answers chosen by the dentists. Results A percentile-based descriptive analysis and a χ2 analysis demonstrated that the majority of the participating dentists were biased by the medical and dental histories provided. A correlation analysis revealed a weak relationship between the answers chosen by the participating dentists and their dental specialty and years of experience. Discussion/Conclusions Knowledge of oral and maxillofacial radiology and accurate medical and dental histories are indispensable for an appropriate radiologic interpretation. However, to avoid bias from the medical and dental histories during radiologic interpretation, the dentist should strategically do the radiologic interpretation first, correlate with clinical findings, come up with potential differential interpretations, and finally correlate the medical history with the interpretation to establish the final diagnosis.
Differential susceptibility to misleading flat earth arguments on YouTube

YouTube has been influential in propagating Flat Earth Ideology, but not everyone is equally susceptible to the effects of watching these videos. In an experiment with a participant pool restricted...
Bioplastics production from agricultural crop residues

Bio-based plastics have a huge market and a wide range of applications and then have become increased in economy and research. Due to the environmental hazard on all organisms and the pollution that happens in all natural resources such as air, water, plants and soil pollution and the limitation of quantity of fossil resources on our planet, the future cannot depend on petro-plastics. All fossil products should be replaced by bio-based products. The petro-plastics are one of the fossil products which should be replaced by bio-based plastics. In this study, potato peels were used to produce bioplastics by the extraction of the starch from the peels and adding some ingredients such as water, glycerin, vinegar and industrial colors with different ratios and in biochemical reaction under heating. This process produced a wide range of bioplastics samples with different properties such as texture, hardness and coherence. It was found that when the glycerin ratio increases the produced bioplastic becomes more flexible and vice versa when the glycerin ratio decreases the produced bioplastic becomes hard. It was concluded that the bio-based materials can be used effectively to process bioproducts such as bioplastics.
Threshold Pressure Sensing Using Parametric Resonance in Electrostatic MEMS

This study illustrates the concept of threshold pressure sensing using the parametric resonance of an electrostatic levitation mechanism. The electrostatic levitation allows the oscillations in the opposite direction of the substrate, thereby not limited to small gaps. The pressure sensor detects the pressure drop below a threshold value by triggering the parametric resonance with significant peak to peak dynamic amplitude changes (~ 25 μm). This detection relies on the fact that the instability region expands when the pressure drop forces the amplitude jump up to the higher oscillation branch. This significant change in the resonator amplitude can be related to a large capacitance variation indicating the threshold pressure. A mathematical model of the resonator is presented to show the working principle of the sensor through frequency response. Our experimental results show that the threshold pressure the sensor detects, can be adjusted by the AC voltage it receives.
Heterogeneity in the properties of burst-forming units of erythroid lineage in sickle cell anemia: DNA synthesis and burst-promoting activity production is related to peripheral hemoglobin F levels.

Circulating 14-day erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) from 28 sickle cell anemia (SS) patients with hemoglobin F (HbF) levels ranging from 2% to 16% were studied to determine their sensitivity to [3H] thymidine kill and burst-promoting activity (BPA)-like factor production. We find that the proportion of BFU-E sensitive to 3H-dT kill, and hence active in DNA synthesis, was inversely correlated with the percent of peripheral HbF when light density (LD) mononuclear cells were used for plating. Regression analysis showed that the correlation between HbF level and BFU-E kill was highly significant (r = .88; P less than .00003). We confirmed the BPA-like factor(s) production by LD mononuclear cells of SS patients, and found, in addition, that this phenomenon is restricted to the population of SS patients with HbF levels lower than 9%. Circulating BFU-E of patients with high HbF levels are not sensitive to 3H-dT, and their mononuclear cells do not release BPA-like factor. In summary, SS patients exhibit differences in the capacity of their mononuclear cells to produce BPA activity according to their peripheral HbF level, as well as to the DNA synthesis-state of their circulating BFU-E. We conclude that erythroid progenitors differ among SS patients in relation to their peripheral HbF level.
EIGHT – TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how to recognize as to which functions can be integrated in the sense of finding a recognizable indefinite integral. There are many techniques that have evolved over a period of decades. The chapter discusses a collection of tricks. Each trick was discovered in response to the need to calculate a particular integral. The definite integral of any continuous function can be calculated to any number of decimal places of accuracy by a variety of numerical techniques. The chapter discusses some of these techniques and reviews the basic formulas of integration. The most powerful method is called integration by parts; it is derived from the product rule of differentiation written in terms of differentials. The trick in using integration by parts is to rewrite an expression that is difficult to integrate in terms of an expression for which an integral is readily obtainable. The chapter discusses how to integrate some classes of trigonometric functions. There are many different kinds of substitutions that allow to integrate more easily.
Donation After Circulatory Death Is Associated With Similar Posttransplant Survival in All but the Highest-Risk Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Liver transplantation (LT) recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receive a higher proportion of livers from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors compared with non-HCC etiologies. Nevertheless, data on outcomes in patients with HCC receiving DCD grafts are limited. We evaluated the influence of DCD livers on post-LT outcome among HCC patients. We identified 7563 patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database who underwent LT with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score exceptions from 2012 to 2016, including 567 (7.5%) who received a DCD donor organ and 6996 (92.5%) who received a donation after brain death (DBD) donor organ. Kaplan-Meier probabilities of post-LT HCC recurrence at 3 years were 7.6% for DCD and 6.4% for DBD recipients (P = 0.67) and post-LT survival at 3 years was 81.1% versus 85.5%, respectively (P = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, DCD donor (hazard ratio, 1.38; P = 0.005) was an independent predictor of post-LT mortality. However, a survival difference after LT was only observed in subgroups at higher risk for HCC recurrence including Risk Estimation of Tumor Recurrence After Transplant (RETREAT) score ≥4 (DCD 57.0% versus DBD 72.6%; P = 0.02), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥100 (60.1% versus 76.9%; P = 0.049), and multiple viable tumors on last imaging before LT (69.9% versus 83.1%; P = 0.002). In this analysis of HCC patients receiving DCD versus DBD livers in the UNOS database, we found that patients with a low-to-moderate risk of HCC recurrence (80%-90% of the DCD cohort) had equivalent survival regardless of donor type. It appears that DCD donation can best be used to increase the donor pool for HCC patients with decompensated cirrhosis or partial response/stable disease after locoregional therapy with AFP at LT <100 ng/mL.
Economic Analysis of Tax Regulations: An Assessment of the First Year

This article reviews the quality of the economic analyses for the most important (economically significant) tax regulations reviewed by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the past year. The primary strength in the IRS economic analysis of these regulations is that it recognizes that many important benefits and costs of tax regulations flow from tax-induced distortions (or prevention of distortions) in private parties’ decision-making. The analysis also acknowledges the economic inefficiency of expenditures by individuals or organizations to capture or avoid wealth transfers (that is, tax avoidance). But there is also significant room for improvement. The IRS needs to assess the economic efficiency of statutory provisions before it can know whether its regulations help or hinder economic efficiency. It should stop trying to justify “clarity” as a benefit of tax regulations and instead strive to quantify the number of affected taxpayers, tax revenue, effective changes in marginal tax rates, and benefits or costs that arise from changes in behavior from tax rate changes.
Cost and Complications of Single-Level Lumbar Decompression in Those Over and Under 75: A Matched Comparison.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database analysis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare costs and complication rates following single-level lumbar decompression in patients under age 75 versus patients aged 75 and older. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Lumbar decompression is a common surgical treatment for lumbar pathology; however, its effectiveness can be debated in elderly patients because complication rates and costs by age group are not well-defined. METHODS The Medicare database was queried through the PearlDiver server for patients who underwent single-level lumbar decompression without fusion as an index procedure. The 90-day complication and reoperation rates were compared between age groups after matching for sex and comorbidity burden. Same day and 90-day costs are compared. RESULTS The matched cohort included 89,388 total patients (n = 44,694 for each study arm). Compared to the under 75 age group, the 75 and older age group had greater rates of deep venous thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.443, P = 0.042) and dural tear (OR 1.560, P = 0.043), and a lower rate of seroma complicating the procedure (OR 0.419, P = 0.009). There was no difference in overall 90-day reoperation rate in patients under age 75 versus patients aged 75 and older (9.66% vs. 9.28%, P = 0.051), although the 75 and older age group had a greater rate of laminectomy without discectomy (CPT-63047; OR 1.175, P < 0.001), while having a lower rate of laminotomy with discectomy (CPT-63042 and CPT-63030; OR 0.727 and 0.867, respectively, P = 0.013 and <0.001, respectively). The 75 and older age group had greater same day ($3329.24 vs. $3138.05, P < 0.001) and 90-day ($5014.82 vs. $4749.44, P < 0.001) mean reimbursement. CONCLUSION Elderly patients experience greater rates of select perioperative complications, with mildly increased costs. There is no significant difference in overall 90-day reoperation rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
An Etude on a Putnam Problem

The purpose of this article is to answer the following question: what is the smallest constant Cn such that the inequality ∫01|f(t)|dt≤Cnsupt∈[0,1]|f(t)| holds for all real polynomials f of degree ...
The infrastructures of White settler perception: A political phenomenology of colonialism, genocide, ecocide, and emergency:

Emergencies are an element of perception. Far from a private and personal affair, perception is social, structured by a process of “inculcation.” Perception has a material-political infrastructure ...