cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VACATION DISCREPANCY: CORRELATES OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND OUTCOMES

Summary.-This paper examines individual differences and individual and organizational outcomes as correlates of vacation discrepancy. Vacation discrepancy, the degree to which actual and ideal vacation characteristics are discrepant, is operationalized by five vacation indices-duration, usage, nature, sacrifice, and banking and cash payment. These vacauon disurpancy indices are seen to be related to five individual difference characteristics-age, job level, Type A behavior, adherence to pmtestant work ethic ideals, and valence of vacations-and to six individual and organizational outcomes-job growth satisfaction, perceived fairness of vacations, vulnerability to stress, health, absenteeism and performance. Suggestions for research on vacation discrepancy in particular, and on the effects of vacation policies in general, are presented. There can be little doubt that vacations are a typical feature of organizational life and, as such, are important to both organizations and employees. Vacations carry high costs to organizations in allowing employees paid time off the job, while similarly they are significant to employees in rewardmg them for time spent performing on the job. In addition, vacations are a fascinating and unusual "linkage" variable in the sense that they are provided by rhe organization and, as such, are a work reward; yet, they explicitly provide for employees a temporary release from such work.
Application of expectation maximization algorithms for image resolution improvement in a small animal PET system

Modern positron emission tomography (PET) systems, offering high counting rate capabilities, high sensitivity, and near-submillimeter coordinate resolution, require fast image reconstruction software that can operate on list-mode data and take into account most of finite resolution effects such as photon scattering, positron range in tissue, and detector features. It has already been demonstrated that the expectation maximization (EM) method with extended system matrix modeling looks very attractive for image resolution recovery in PET imaging studies. In this paper, the performance of EM-based algorithms (in particular, their ability to improve the image resolution) is evaluated for a small animal PET imager with several phantoms. The achievement of a substantial decrease in processing time using an EM deblurring procedure is shown, as is an approach to successfully treat what are essentially nonspace-invariant resolution effects within a shift-invariant model.
Acute rheumatic fever in children in the Ankara area in 1990–1992 and comparison with a previous study in 1980–1989

Two hundred and twenty-eight patients with acute rheumatic fever (ARF), who were admitted to Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital between January 1990 and November 1992, were evaluated. Compared with the 1980s, an increase in the frequency of the disease was observed. The majority of patients (56.5%) were between 9 and 12 years old and 36.8% were admitted in winter. One hundred patients had arthritis only, 59 carditis and 40 chorea; 5 had carditis and chorea and 24 had arthritis and carditis. Nineteen percent of patients had a history of a previous attack. Seven of 84 patients with carditis had congestive heart failure and 2 had pericarditis. Cardiomegaly was present in 36 patients. The mitral valve was affected in 77 patients, tricuspid valve in 1 patient and both miral and aortic valves in 6 patients. One patient died as a result of severe congestive cardiac failure. Twenty-one patients had a recurrent attack. We observed that ARF is still a significant cause of morbidity in our country. As the disease is preventable by the eradication of streptococcus, we conclude that more effort should be made in the early detection and treatment of streptococcal infections.
Management of failed biliary repairs for major bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Abstract Background Many bile injuries are managed without referral to tertiary centers. Management of patients referred for a primary repair, or after a failed repair, was reviewed to compare outcomes. Study design Retrospective review of data collected in prospective database. Results A total of 133 patients had been treated over 12 years ending in December 2002. Forty-six (35%) were treated for failed earlier repairs and 40 (30%) had their primary surgical repair at our institution. Patients with a failed repair were referred at a longer interval (165 versus 9 days, p Conclusions Management of a failed major bile duct repair requires multiple modalities, but eventually the majority of repairs require surgical revision. Good results can be expected for all surgical biliary repairs at tertiary centers.
Verification of the Variational-Asymptotic Sectional Analysis for Initially Curved and Twisted Beams

The variational–asymptotic method is a powerful mathematical method to construct asymptotically correct models of dimensionally reducible structures. Variational–asymptotic method is used to rigorously split a general three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity problem into a two-dimensional linear cross-sectional analysis and a onedimensional nonlinear beam analysis. This operation results in the replacement of a three-dimensional model with a reduced-order model in terms of an asymptotic series of certain small parameters inherent to the structure. Variational–Asymptotic Beam Sectional Analysis (VABS) is an engineering software package that uses the variational–asymptoticmethod to perform a generalized cross-sectional modeling of any initially twisted and curved anisotropic beam having arbitrary cross-sectional geometry, with transverse shear and Vlasov refinements. Several new cases of verification are presented. The capability of VABS to recover pointwise three-dimensional stressfields is demonstrated for an orthotropic cantilever and verified against known solutions from anisotropic elasticity theory. Next, a form of verification is proposed for beams with either initial twist or curvature by using two different modeling approaches: one based on curvilinear coordinates and the other on Cartesian coordinates for initially twisted beams or piecewise-Cartesian coordinates for initially curved beams. Excellent correlation of results between the two approaches indicates the correct modeling of effects of initial curvature and twist in both cross-sectional and global beam analyses. Further, a numerical verification of results for initially twisted and/or curved beams is provided by comparing values of one-dimensional variables extracted from three-dimensional finite element analyses with results from a one-dimensional, nonlinear beam analysis (using cross-sectional constants fromVABS). Finally, numerical examples are shown to highlight the importance of including curvature measures in the crosssectional modeling by comparing with finite element results.
Clenched fist syndrome with palmar lichen planus.

A 16-year-old girl had a 4-year history of hyperkeratosis and fissures on the palm. The skin lesions had gradually progressed to thick hyperkeratosis with mild pruritus, diffusely covering the right palm, and leading to flexion contractures of the fingers with mild pain. There was no family history of similar lesions. Her father had died 4 years previously. Dermatologic examination revealed hyperkeratosis, scaling, a mild yellow color, fissures, and maceration on the palm and volar surface of the fingers of the right hand (Fig. 1). There was an approximately 3 cm × 4 cm hyperkeratotic lesion on the palm of the left hand. Figure 1. Hyperkeratosis with a mild yellow color, scaling, fissures, maceration on the palm and palmar surface of the fingers, and flexed fingers of the right hand Flexion contractures were found at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the three fingers of the right hand (Fig. 1). There was no pain, tenderness in the joints of the fingers, or palpable nodular lesions on the palmar surface of the hand. Forced extension was difficult, and there was pain with passive extension. Radiography of the patient's hands revealed no abnormality, other than the clenched fingers. Electromyography of the upper extremities was normal. There were no lesions of the oral mucosa. The nails and scalp were normal. The patient showed very poor eye contact, and responded tersely and somewhat reluctantly to questions about her medical history. The patient was evaluated by psychiatry, but did not meet the diagnostic criteria for any mental disorder. There was a schizoid personality characteristic on both the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV personality disorders (SCID-II) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). In addition, there was an increase in scores on the hostility and resentment/aggression subscales of the MMPI. The results of routine laboratory tests were within normal limits or negative, including the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test. A skin biopsy specimen showed histopathologic changes of lichen planus (orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, focal hypergranulosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and vacuolization with dense lymphocytic reaction at the dermo-epidermal junction) (Fig. 2). Figure 2. Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis, and vacuolization with dense lymphocytic reaction at the dermo-epidermal junction (hematoxylin and eosin, × 100) The patient was treated with topical 5% salicylic acid and 0.1% methylprednisolone aceponate ointment. Static splinting plus stretching was used for hand therapy. Active assisted motion was employed. The treatment produced a remarkable reduction in the skin lesions (Fig. 3), but no improvement in the flexion posture of the hand. The psychiatric and clinical findings were thought to be consistent with clenched fist syndrome and lichen planus. Figure 3. Normal appearing left hand after treatment
Role of contextualizing a crisis scenario on the performance of a cricothyrotomy procedural task.

Simulation is an important alternative to evaluate cricothyrotomy, a rare life-saving procedure. This crossover study aimed to determine whether contextualization of a crisis scenario would impact the performance of a cricothyrotomy procedural task. Sixty-five anesthesia assistants and emergency medicine and anesthesia residents underwent a teaching session in surgical cricothyrotomy using one of two sets of cricothyrotomy kits: the Portex 6.0 and Melker 3.5 (n = 32) or the Portex 6.0 and Melker 5.0 (n = 33). Within six weeks following the session, the participants performed cricothyrotomies on a full-body patient mannequin simulator coupled with a porcine larynx (tissue-mannequin simulator) using the assigned two kits in a “cannot intubate, cannot ventilate” (CICV) contextualized scenario (CS) and in a CICV verbalized non-contextualized scenario (NCS). Each participant performed a total of four cricothyrotomies using the two kits in the two scenarios. The primary outcome measure was insertion time, and secondary outcome measures were severity of injuries and failure rate. Outcome measures were compared between scenarios for each kit. Mean (SD) insertion time for a successful cricothyrotomy was not significantly different between NCS and CS for the Melker 3.5 [83.0 (45.0) sec vs 63.3 (36.1) sec, respectively; P = 0.96; mean difference (MD), 19.7 sec; 95% confidence interval (CI), −1.9 to 41.3], the Melker 5.0 [86.5 (36.8) sec vs 107.1 (55.6) sec, respectively; P = 0.11; MD, −20.6 sec; 95% CI, −44.9 to 3.7], and the Portex 6.0 [59.5 (35.5) sec vs 59.0 (35.0) sec, respectively; P = 0.95; MD, 0.5 sec; 95% CI, −13.2 to 14.2]. Failure rate and severity of injuries, measured as mean average injury score for each kit, were also similar between scenarios. Contextualization of a crisis scenario did not affect the performance of a cricothyrotomy procedural task on a tissue-mannequin simulator. These findings may have implications when considering the feasibility and cost-effectiveness for assessing the performance of cricothyrotomy procedural tasks.
Developmental Regression as an Early Manifestation of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Loss of previously attained developmental milestones in an infant is often associated with central nervous system tumor, neuromuscular disease, or an inborn metabolic error. An infant with developmental regression and involuntary movements who was found to be vitamin B12 deficient on the basis of unrecognized maternal vitamin B12 deficiency is described. The infant had a dramatic neurologic recovery after receiving vitamin B12. The case and a review of similar cases is presented.
CREB: A Major Mediator of Neuronal Neurotrophin Responses

Neurotrophins regulate neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic function. To understand how neurotrophins elicit such diverse responses, we elucidated signaling pathways by which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activates gene expression in cultured neurons and hippocampal slices. We found, unexpectedly, that the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is an important regulator of BDNF-induced gene expression. Exposure of neurons to BDNF stimulates CREB phosphorylation and activation via at least two signaling pathways: by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV)-regulated pathway that is activated by the release of intracellular calcium and by a Ras-dependent pathway. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized, CaMK-dependent mechanism by which neurotrophins activate CREB and suggest that CREB plays a central role in mediating neurotrophin responses in neurons.
Capture of magnetic carriers within large arteries using external magnetic fields.

Our overall research goal is to advance the safety and effectiveness of acute ischemic stroke therapy by improving the benefit/risk ratio of thrombolysis and hence, the long-term outcome of acute ischemic stroke victims. Our approach is the development of a novel tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) delivery system based on t-PA-loaded magnetic nano- and microcarriers guided directly to the site of vascular occlusion by external magnetic fields. Such a t-PA delivery system would conveniently combine the advantages of both intravenous (systemic) and intraarterial (catheter-facilitated) thrombolysis: non-invasiveness—the magnetic t-PA carriers can be injected intravenously and targeted, as drug delivery is magnetically guided to and t-PA focally released at and within the vascular clot to induce lysis. The focus of our discussion are the two necessary, fundamental and interrelated bioengineering steps: the research and development of well-characterized, biocompatible, functionally active and t-PA-loaded (enc...
Effects of Haptic Brake Pulse Warnings on Driver Behavior during an Intersection Approach

Intersection crashes account for nearly a quarter of all police reported crashes, and 39% of these result in injury or death. In this experiment, haptic warnings were explored as an alternative to auditory and visual warnings as part of an overall effort to reduce the number of intersection related crashes. The study objective was to determine the haptic brake pulse warning candidate that most often results in the driver successfully stopping for an intersection. Five candidate brake pulse warnings were tested; these varied with respect to length and number of pulses. Significant differences were found between haptic conditions for peak and constant deceleration. Participants receiving the haptic warning were 38 times more likely to stop than those receiving no warning.
Introducing multi-core programming using OpenMP into the undergraduate curriculum: conference tutorial

Recent hardware improvements are derived by adding additional processing cores to the microprocessor package. For software developers, this change raises many challenges. No longer will programmers be able to "ride the wave" of increasing performance without explicitly taking advantage of -parallelism. For computer science educators, this change will require radical shifts in the way computer science is taught. Parallelism will need to be introduced early in the curriculum, preferably in many different classes in the sequence. This workshop will summarize the OpenMP approach to multi-threading, and illustrate how it can be used to introduce parallelism into the undergraduate curriculum to novice and intermediate C/C++ programmers.
Progress and Challenges in the Development of Detonation Engines for Propulsion and Power Production

The scientific study of detonation stretches over a century and the potential to harness detonations for propulsion and power was recognized for almost as long. It is only in the past two decades that detonation applications have received intense attention. Attractions for utilizing detonations include the higher theoretical thermodynamic efficiency compared to deflagration-based systems, high power-to-weight or volume ratio and lack of moving parts. Despite these attractive features, a number of fundamental physics and engineering challenges must be overcome before such systems can be practical. Some of these include the ability to achieve consistent and reliable detonations in a practical arrangement, understanding of the unsteadiness, and integration with ancillary systems. Illustrations will be provided on how some of these issues were understood and overcome. Potential challenges are also highlighted.
Butyl Networks Containing Unattached Polyisobutylene Chains: Part II, Correlation of Tear, Tensile, and Hysteretic Properties

Abstract Butyl networks containing either unattached polyisobutylene chains or a low-molecular-weight plasticizer have been made by crosslinking butyl rubber in the presence of one of these diluents. With dodecane as a plasticizer, tear strength is reduced both because of a decrease in the density of load-bearing chains and diminished hysteresis. On the other hand, when the diluent is a high-molecular-weight polyisobutylene, tear strength is enhanced if the test rate is sufficiently high. In this case, the polyisobutylene chains are load bearing (at least initially) before slipping at higher strains to relieve local crack-tip stresses and blunt the propagating tear. This hysteretic mechanism delays the onset of crack propagation, thereby enhancing the fracture energy. However, at low tear rates, in which there is adequate time for the unattached chains to relax such that they bear little load and hysteresis is minimized, tear strength decreases with increasing free-chain content—much the same as occurs wi...
What molecular events underlie heterologous desensitization? Focus on “Receptor phosphorylation does not mediate cross talk between muscarinic M3 and bradykinin B2 receptors”

g protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise one of the largest families of signaling molecules and play physiologically important roles in every cell type. Thousands of GPCRs are predicted to exist. Indeed, even in the tiny worm Caenorhabditis elegans , there are predicted to be ∼650 different
Persistent Trigeminal Artery in Endonasal Resection of Skull Base Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Background Primitive persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is an uncommon embryologic vascular communication between the carotid and basilar arteries, which can be intimately involved by skull base tumors (SBT). Owing to its rarity, skull base surgeons should familiarize themselves with the anatomical variations of PTA to avoid catastrophic complications. Objective To appraise and summarize the available evidence of PTA involved by SBTs while advocating a standardized algorithm for the surgical planning of these patients. Methods MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched using keywords pertaining to PTA and SBTs. Demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, outcomes, and adverse events were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 13 cases between 1973 and 2015 were identified. The mean patient age at presentation was 43 years with predilections toward females and pituitary adenomas. Headaches and endocrine abnormalities were the most common symptoms. The tumors were more frequently associated with Salas medial-type PTA (70%) and Saltzman type-I PTA (31%) than seen in the general population in angiographic studies. We also present a new case of atypical meningioma with Saltzman type-1 PTA. Conclusion With endoscopic approaches to SBTs becoming more commonplace, surgeons may encounter this anatomical abnormality more frequently. It is important for both otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons to gain a complete understanding of the anatomical variations and neurointerventional capabilities for the successful endoscopic management of these situations. Level of Evidence: 4.
Imprisoned royalty: Defensive failure and reconstitution on an inpatient unit

Treatment of schizophrenic patients in an inpatient setting has become evermore challenging over time. Patients move in and out of hospital systems quickly, and the severity of patients’ illnesses ...
Management activities in community dietetics practice.

Information on the management activities of community dietitians was obtained through a mail survey of 350 randomly selected community dietitians. Subjects provided information on their management level, the importance to their job performance of 83 management activity statements, and the percent of time they spent performing management activities in each of nine categories. Twenty-nine percent of the respondents indicated job responsibilities in lower-level management; 45% had mid-level and 26% had upper-level management responsibilities. Numbers of activities rated essential or very important increased as management levels increased. Kinds of activities changed from technical to human to conceptual as management levels increased. Mid-level management subjects, while still spending time working with clients, reported spending considerable time on coordinating, investigating, and evaluating, often reporting as much time spent on those activities as did upper-level management subjects. Definitions provided by respondents indicated great diversity in job requirements and settings. J Am Diet Assoc 89:373-377, 1989.
Community-Engaged Faculty: A Must for Preparing Impactful Ed.D. Graduates.

Since its inception nine years ago, CPED members have re-envisioned and implemented a new purpose for the professional practice doctorate in education, or Ed.D. This new purpose is grounded in the goal of preparing doctoral students to serve as scholarly practitioners, those who engage community as stakeholders in the process of improving problems of practice. Forming practitioners to be leaders in their communities under the CPED framework requires faculty who look beyond traditional roles by embEd.D.ing themselves in communities to work alongside practitioners working to transform their communities. Unfortunately, at many institutions, community-engagement is considered counter-normative to the traditional interpretation of research, teaching, and service, though it need not be. This paper will discuss the implications of CPED's community-engagement principle for Ed.D. programs, institutional policies, and academic environments in which community-engaged faculty do their work and the importance of these faculty members in the design of the Education Doctorate.
Integrated Photonics at Exceptional Points

Exceptional point is a fundamental notion in quantum field theories and enables new functionalities in photonics. In this talk, I will discuss harnessing parity-time (PT) symmetry to realize optical exceptional points using the state-of-the-art integrated nanophotonics technology for novel opto-electronic functionalities. I will present unidirectional light transport for effective control of cavity resonant modes for stable and exotic waveguide and lasing performances on silicon-on-insulator and III-V semiconductor platforms.
Highly effective hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol on Pt/TiO2: Promoter effects

Abstract This work investigated Mg and Mo effect on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol over Pt/TiO 2 catalyst. The Pt-based catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation technique, and tested at 285 °C and 4 MPa in a fixed bed reactor system. The properties of the catalysts were characterized by CO pulse chemisorption, H 2 -TPD, NH 3 -TPD, and XRD. The characterization results reveal that Mg or Mo species on Pt/TiO 2 increase Pt dispersion, and reduce the surface acidity of Pt/TiO 2 . Moreover, Mg species lower the hydrogenolysis activity of Pt/TiO 2 , while Mo species, on the contrary, activate more hydrogen in the reaction. Both Mg and Mo modified Pt/TiO 2 catalyst increase guaiacol conversion from 70% to 94% without catalyst deactivation. Mg does not improve the cyclohexane yield. Instead, more carbonaceous species deposit and even graphitic coke are observed on the catalyst after reactivity test. On the contrary, Mo increases the cyclohexane yield from 23.5% to 57.7% with only more active carbon formation on the catalyst after reactivity test, which indicates the active hydrogen species from metal sites and metal-support interface may play a critical role for deep HDO. For the possible reaction pathways, Mg inhibits dehydration and hydrogenolysis pathway from phenol to cyclohexane. However, Mo species favor hydrogenolysis while suppress dehydration to cyclohexane. Thus, Pt-Mo/TiO 2 is a promising catalytic system for HDO, and further optimization of its properties may lead to an effective catalyst for the HDO of real and complex pyrolysis bio-oils.
Structural and Functional Trends in Dehydrating Bimodules from trans-Acyltransferase Polyketide Synthases.

In an effort to uncover the structural motifs and biosynthetic logic of the relatively uncharacterized trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases, we have begun the dissection of the enigmatic dehydrating bimodules common in these enzymatic assembly lines. We report the 1.98 A resolution structure of a ketoreductase (KR) from the first half of a type A dehydrating bimodule and the 2.22 A resolution structure of a dehydratase (DH) from the second half of a type B dehydrating bimodule. The KR, from the third module of the bacillaene synthase, and the DH, from the tenth module of the difficidin synthase, possess features not observed in structurally characterized homologs. The DH architecture provides clues for how it catalyzes a unique double dehydration. Correlations between the chemistries proposed for dehydrating bimodules and bioinformatic analysis indicate that type A dehydrating bimodules generally produce an α/β-cis alkene moiety, while type B dehydrating bimodules generally produce an α/β-trans, γ/δ-cis diene moiety.
Student Perceptions of College Faculty Who Use OER

Research indicates that students find open educational resources (OER) favorable, but there is no research regarding students’ perceptions of faculty who use open textbooks. In the present study we examined this topic experimentally with two undergraduate psychology courses at a small public university. Participants read two passages—one about an instructor using an open textbook and another using a traditional copyrighted textbook—and rated each instructor on a range of characteristics through closed- and open-ended questions. Participants rated faculty using an open textbook higher on kindness, encouragement, and creativity than faculty using a traditional copyrighted textbook, and were more likely to want to take a class with faculty using an open textbook. Participants frequently mentioned textbook cost in their justifications.
Abstract TP5: Long Term Experience Using the ADAPT Technique for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: The ADAPT technique has been introduced as a simple and fast method for achieving good angiographic and clinical outcomes using large bore aspiration catheters. We present a single center’s long term experience with the ADAPT technique. Methods: Retrospective analysis from a prospectively maintained database was gathered on patients undergoing stroke thrombectomy with the ADAPT technique at the Medical University of South Carolina. Specific parameters captured included age, gender, NIHSS score at presentation, time to presentation from last normal, and modified Rankin Scale score at 90 day follow-up. Radiological and angiographic imaging was reviewed to document the location of the vascular occlusion, TICI flow post procedure, and procedural complications. Results: 175 consecutive patients who suffered an acute ischemic stroke treated with the ADAPT technique were reviewed. 88 were female, and the average age was 66.8 years. Patients presented with a mean NIHSS score of 15.6, and 69 patients received IV tPA. The average time from onset to puncture was 7.75 hours. The average time for recanalization was 40 minutes. TICI 2B or better recanalization was achieved in 166 (94.9%) patients. 90 day mRS on average was 2.7, and 82 (50.31%) patients had an mRS of 0-2 at 90 days. Direct aspiration alone was performed in 130 of cases, and 45 cases required the additional use of a stent retriever. There was no significant difference in presenting NIHSS, average time to presentation, average mRS at 90 days, or 90 day mortality between the two groups. Time to recanalization was 33.8 minutes for direct aspiration, as compared to 58 minutes in cases that required adjunct devices (p= 0.000036). 67 (63.21%) patients who underwent direct aspiration only achieved a good outcome at 90 days (mRS 0-2), compared to 15 (44.12%) who underwent adjunct therapies (p-value=0.021). Conclusions: The ADAPT technique is an effective method to achieve good clinical and angiographic outcomes. The ADAPT technique serves as a useful first line method for revascularization.
Calculus in ℝ n

This chapter discusses Taylor's theorem in n variables. Taylor's theorem is not difficult to apply, but it does become tedious when computing higher-order terms of a function of n variables. It is true that if f ( x ) is a polynomial of degree m , then f ( x ) = p m ( x ). If Ω is a subset of ℝ 2 , then a function or mapping f from ℝ n to ℝ m is a rule that assigns to each x = ( x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n ) in Ω a unique vector f ( x ) in ℝ m . The set Ω is called the domain of f . The set { f ( x ): x ∈ Ω} is called the range of f .
Abstract 12982: Abnormal P-Wave Axis is Associated With an Increased Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: P-wave indices, such as prolonged p-wave duration and abnormal p-wave terminal force in V1, have been associated with incident AF. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that abnormal p-wave axis (aPWA) is associated with AF independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and tested our hypothesis in the ARIC study, a community-based prospective cohort study. Methods: We included in 15,319 participants without prevalent AF (age, 54.2 ± 5.7 yrs, 55.2% women, 26.5% blacks) who attended the baseline exam (1987-89). We defined aPWA as any value outside 0-75 degrees using 12-lead ECGs obtained during the baseline exam. Incident AF was identified by hospital discharge records, death certificates, and ECGs obtained during the study examinations. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of aPWA for AF. Results: During a mean follow-up of 19.8 years (1987-2012), there were 2377 incident AF cases. aPWA was independently associated with a 1.41-fold (95% CI, 1.22-1.62) increased risk of AF in the multivariable model (Table). Conclusions: aPWA is independently associated with incident AF in the general population. Further research is warranted to evaluate the ability of this readily available ECG measure in improving risk prediction of AF.
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disease in Spondyloarthritis

The association of inflammatory arthritis with intestinal pathology extends back more than 100 years. This association is now supported by epidemiologic studies demonstrating an elevated prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in spondyloarthritis and vice versa, compared with the general population. Genetic and intestinal microbiome studies have further linked these diseases. Although diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease disproportionately affect individuals with psoriatic arthritis, diseases of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and liver are not particularly common in spondyloarthritis. Clinicians should be aware of the differential diagnosis and the appropriate diagnostic tools available when evaluating digestive and hepatic disorders in spondyloarthritis.
Distress intolerance moderation of motivated attention to cannabis and negative stimuli after induced stress among cannabis users: an ERP study.

Prevalence of cannabis use is increasing, but many regular users do not develop cannabis use disorder (CUD); thus, CUD risk identification among current users is vital for targeted intervention development. Existing data suggest that high distress intolerance (DI), an individual difference reflective of the ability to tolerate negative affect, may be linked to CUD, but no studies have tested possible neurophysiological mechanisms. Increased motivated attentional processing of cannabis and negative emotional stimuli as indexed by neurophysiology [i.e. the late positive potential (LPP)], particularly during acute stress, may contribute to CUD among high DI users. Frequent cannabis users with high (n = 61) and low DI (n = 44) viewed cannabis, negative, and matched neutral images during electroencephalography (EEG) recording before and after a laboratory stressor. Cannabis cue-elicited modulation of the 1000- to 3000-milliseconds LPP was larger in high DI users at post-stressor only, although the effect was only robust in the 1000- to 2000-milliseconds window. Further, modulation magnitude in the high DI group covaried with stress-relief craving and some CUD indices in the 400- to 1000-milliseconds and 1000- to 3000-milliseconds windows, respectively. No significant effects of DI on negative stimuli-elicited LPP modulation were found, although inverse associations with some CUD indices were observed. Finally, exploratory analyses revealed some evidence for DI moderation of the relation between subjective stressor reactivity and negative stimuli-elicited LPP modulation such that greater stressor reactivity was associated with blunted versus enhanced modulation in the high and low DI groups, respectively. Negative and cannabis stimuli-elicited LPP modulation appear to index distinct, CUD-relevant neural processes in high DI cannabis users.
Group Supervision for Psychiatric Residents During Pregnancy and Lactation

With the increasing number of women psychiatrists come more pregnancies during medical training. In addition to administrative problems, a pregnancy can cause friction among colleagues and increased acting out among patients. This paper discusses the use of group supervision to deal with the added complexities the pregnant trainee faces. Included is an extensive bibliography examining therapy issues of transference, countertransference, and termination, the developmental stages of pregnancy and the neonatal period, and the impact of pregnancy on career and family dynamics.
Use of the Cornea to Assay for Angiogenic Activity

A major difficulty facing investigators of angiogenesis has been the lack of a specific, sensitive, in vivo bioassay system for angiogenic factors. A wide variety of systems have been used in assays for angiogenic factors. These include implantations into rabbit ear chambers (138,659,815), hamster cheek pouch chambers (416,674), the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) (23,33,44,223,241,482,642,686,757), the rat kidney capsule (336,623), polyester sponges (10), healing rabbit bone grafts (154,200), the subcutaneous air “pouch” of Selye (625,626,643), epididymal fat pads seeded onto confluent cultures of myofibroblastic cells (660) as well as the subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl alcohol sponge discs (211,821) or alginate beads containing sequestered cells (602). Vascular endothelial cell cultures derived from different sources have also been used to assess cell replication, DNA synthesis, cell migration, capillary-like tubular structure formation (239,821) as well as other cellular responses to putative angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. All of these methods suffer from significant shortcomings not the least of which is a difficulty in quantitation. Assay systems that involve cultured vascular endothelial cells also pose major problems. Because endothelial cells represent a heterogeneous population (210) the responses by certain endothelial cells to biologically active substances may not necessarily reflect reactions of the microvasculature from which new blood vessels arise.
Carbon Monoxide and Heme Oxygenase in the Regulation of Pulmonary Vascular Function and Structure

Accumulating evidence indicates that antioxidant and/or stress response genes play a critical, cytoprotective role in the systemic and pulmonary vasculature. One of these genes is heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 is a microsomal enzyme that is ubiquitously distributed and strongly induced by several stressors, including oxidative, environmental, and hemodynamic stresses. HO-1 catalyzes the oxidative degradation of free heme to biliverdin (BV), free iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). BV is reduced to bilirubin (BR), a potent endogenous antioxidant with potential anti-inflammatory properties, whereas iron is sequestered by ferritin, leading to additional antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. CO is a gaseous molecule with increasingly recognized biological properties, including anti-inflammatory effects, vasodilation, and neurotransmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It shares many similarities with nitric oxide (NO) as an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels and causing vasodilation. Like NO, CO is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. These properties of HO-1 and its enzymatic products make it a suitable candidate to orchestrate regulatory functions in the lung and to potentially be a key mediator of the pathways underlying the control of lung vascular homeostasis. This chapter focuses on the protective effects of HO-1 and its products, CO and BR, in pulmonary hypertension and in the maintenance of cardiovascular function.
Evaluating Preparation Programs for Special Education Teachers

During the last two decades, the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) has led the way in developing standards for the preparation of teachers to meet the needs of children with handicapping conditions. A professional code of ethics and standards developed by CEC provides guidance in professional development that will eventually produce competent and well-qualified special education teachers (CEC, 1987). Those standards have been adopted by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and are to be used in program planning and also in preparing for review by NCATE and other accrediting agencies.
Altered Proliferation of Retinal Microvascular Cells on Glycated Matrix

Purpose. To investigate the effect of nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of basement membranes (BM) and isolated BM proteins on the growth of retinal pericytes and retinal endothelial cells. Methods. Type IV collagen, laminin, Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor basement membrane (EHS-BM) and bovine retinal basement membrane (RBM), after incubation in the presence of reducing sugars to induce glucose-mediated modifications, or in the absence of any sugar (control), were used as a substrate to culture bovine retinal microvascular cells. Cell growth on the nonenzymatically glycosylated and the corresponding control substrates was measured daily, using an automated cell counter. Results. Retinal pericytes seeded on glycated type IV collagen proliferated consistently more slowly than on control type IV collagen (P = 0.02), showing a 20% to 33% decrease throughout most of the growth curve, whereas on glycated laminin the difference from control was not significant. In contrast, proliferation increased by 16% to 25% for retinal endothelial cells on glycated laminin compared with control substrate (P = 0.025), whereas on glycated type IV collagen the growth curve was not significantly different from the curve for the control. When seeded on whole glycated EHS-BM or RBM, proliferation of pericytes decreased by 20% to 30% (P = 0.04); the endothelial cells showed no difference on glycated EHS-BM, however, the growth rate increased on glycated RBM by 25% to 30% more than it did for the control (P = 0.01). Conclusions. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of intact BM or individual BM macromolecules resulted in reduced proliferation of retinal pericytes and increased proliferation of retinal endothelial cells. These in vitro observations resemble some of the pathologic changes of the retinal microvascular cells observed in situ, when diabetic retinopathy develops. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:2358-2367. JLJiabetic retinopathy is among the most common diabetic complications and one of the leading causes of vision loss in industrialized countries. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is strongly associated with the duration of diabetes. Epidemiologic studies have concluded that ophthalmologically apparent retinopathy develops in 50% to 98% of persons with diabetes 15 years after the diagnosis of diabetes. 1 ' 2
Prognostic Impact of Adverse Pathologic Features in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives This study aimed to describe the impact of adverse clinical and pathologic features in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Design This study is designed with retrospective chart review. Setting present study conducted at a tertiary care institution. Participants All patients treated surgically for sinonasal SCC at our tertiary care institution between January 2006 and December 2013. Main Outcome Measures Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) are the final measurement of this study. Results Forty-eight patients were identified. Mean age at surgery was 65.8 years, and mean follow-up time was 40.7 months. Eighteen patients (38%) had T1–T3 disease, while 30 patients (63%) had T4 disease. Seven patients (8.3%) had nodal disease at presentation. At 2, 5, and 10 years, OS was 71, 54, and 48%, respectively, while DFS was 64, 51, and 45%, respectively. Twelve patients (25%) experienced local recurrences with mean time to recurrence of 15.3 months. Twenty-five patients (52%) had positive margins, 24 (50%) had high-grade tumors, 18 (38%) had perineural invasion (PNI), and 15 (31%) had lymphovascular invasion (LVI). In the univariate analysis, T4 disease (risk ratio [RR] = 2.7) and high grade (RR = 2.4) had a significant association with DFS. In the multivariate analysis, high grade (RR = 4.0 and 4.5) and LVI (RR = 4.1 and 4.7) had a significant association with OS and DFS. Conclusion Our single-institution experience of 48 patients suggests that high grade and LVI are independently associated with survival outcomes in sinonasal SCC, while PNI and microscopically positive margins do not have a significant impact.
Abstract 104: Identification of the molecular components required for the protumorigenic effect of MSLN in pancreatic cancer

Mesothelin (MSLN) is a GPI-linked protein expressed in >90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) but not in healthy pancreas nor in the parenchyma of other vital organs. Due to this differential expression, multiple antibody-based therapies are targeting MSLN. The physiologic role of MSLN is yet unknown. The MSLN gene encodes for a precursor protein which is cleaved to produce mature MSLN protein and soluble Megakaryocyte Potentiating Factor (MPF), both of which can be secreted or shed. Previous reports suggested that overexpression of MSLN precursor protein increases tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of PDAC. Here, we have used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to delete MSLN from the KLM-1 pancreatic cancer cell line (ΔMSLN) and have examined the growth of these cells compared to mock deleted cells (Mock). The ΔMSLN and Mock cells grew at the same rate both in cell culture and as subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, but ΔMSLN had significantly impaired growth when inoculated into the mouse intraperitoneal (IP) cavity as well as when injected orthotopically into the pancreas. Histological analysis (HE 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 104.
A Bayesian Approach to Predict Sub-Annual Beach Change and Recovery

The upper beach, between the astronomical high tide and the dune-toe, supports habitat and recreation along many beaches, making predictions of upper beach change valuable to coastal managers and the public. We developed and tested a Bayesian network (BN) to predict the cross-shore position of an upper beach elevation contour (ZlD) following 1 month to 1-year intervals at Fire Island, New York. We combine hydrodynamic data with series of island-wide topographic data and spatially limited cross-shore profiles. First, we predicted beach configuration of ZlD positions at high spatial resolution (50 m) over intervals spanning 2005–2014. Compared to untrained model predictions, in which all six outcomes are equally likely (prior likelihood = 0.16), our prediction metrics (skill = 0.52; log likelihood ratio = 0.14; accuracy = 0.56) indicate the BN confidently predicts upper beach dynamics. Next, the BN forecasted three intervals of beach recovery following Hurricane Sandy. Results suggest the pre-Sandy training data is sufficiently robust to require only periodic updates to beach slope observations to maintain confidence for forecasts. Finally, we varied input data, using observations collected at a range of temporal (1–12 months) and spatial (50 m to > 1 km) resolutions to evaluate model skill. This experiment shows that data collection techniques with different spatial and temporal frequencies can be used to inform a single modeling framework and can provide insight to BN training requirements. Overall, results indicate that BNs and inputs can be developed for broad coastal change assessment or tailored to a set of predictive requirements, making this methodology applicable to a variety of coastal prediction scenarios.
A Novel Pathogenic UGT1A1 Variant in a Sudanese Child with Type 1 Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are key enzymes responsible for the body's ability to process a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Significant gains in understanding UGT function have come from the analysis of variants seen in patients. We cared for a Sudanese child who showed clinical features of type 1 Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CN-1), namely severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia leading to liver transplantation. CN-1 is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by damaging mutations in the gene for UGT1A1, the hepatic enzyme responsible for bilirubin conjugation in humans. Clinical genetic testing was unable to identify a known pathogenic UGT1A1 mutation in this child. Instead, a novel homozygous variant resulting in an in-frame deletion, p.Val275del, was noted. Sanger sequencing demonstrated that this variant segregated with the disease phenotype in this family. We further performed functional testing using recombinantly expressed UGT1A1 with and without the patient variant, demonstrating that p.Val275del results in a complete lack of glucuronidation activity, a hallmark of CN-1. Sequence analysis of this region shows a high degree of conservation across all known catalytically active human UGTs, further suggesting that it plays a key role in the enzymatic function of UGTs. Finally, we note that the patient's ethnicity likely played a role in his variant being previously undescribed and advocate for greater diversity and inclusion in genomic medicine.