cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further ultrastructural studies on the temporomandibular joint of the guinea pig.

A light and electron microscope study of the temporomandibular joint indicated the following. The articular disc can be readily divided into three zones: the superior, and the inferior articular zones, and the central zone. The central zone contains small islands of cartilage surrounded by crisscrossing bundles of collagen fibers. The supraosseous tissue lining the articular fossa consists of three zones: a superficial zone, zone I, a dense fibrous zone, zone II, and a highly cellular zone which abuts on the underlining osseous tissue and appears to be concerned with bone formation. The articular surfaces of the disc and the fossa are limited by a thin layer of dense amorphous material subjacent to which is an open network of small collagen fibrils about 200 A in diameter. The matrix in the deeper part of the fossa and the disc contain interwoven bundles of tightly packed collagen fibers, the diameter of the fibrils ranging from 200 to 1800 . The significance of these findings is discussed.
Relative Transfer and Binding of Estradiol-6,7-3H and Estriol-16-14C by the Guinea Pig Placenta

During the in situ perfusion of guinea pig placenta, estradiol-3H was extracted from the perfusion circulation more effectively than estriol-14C. However, estradiol- 3H was bound to placental tissue to a greater extent than estriol-14C, so that the transfer of the 2 compounds through the placenta to the mother was comparable. On equilibrium dialysis, estradiol-3H was bound to a greater extent by placental and renal tissue than estriol-14C. On fractionation, estrogens were distributed in the 1200 × g, 10,000 × g and supernatant, subcellular fractions, but the particulate fractions had significantly higher ratios of 3H to 14C. The relation of these 2 sets of observations and the possible effect on physiological activity are indicated. (Endocrinology 74: 949, 1964)
Prenatal cocaine decreases the trophic factor S-100β and induced microcephaly: Reversal by postnatal 5-HT1A receptor agonist

In utero exposure to cocaine results in neurobehavioral abnormalities in both clinical and laboratory studies. Cocaine administration from embryonic day 13 to parturition disrupts the distribution of S-100-positive astrocytes in the hippocampus and subplate region of the cortex in cocaine-exposed animals. Postnatal treatment with ipsapirone, a 5-HT1A agonist, shown to stimulate glial release of S-100, alleviated the cellular disruptions and growth retardation caused by prenatal cocaine exposure.
Short-term cues used by foraging trout in a California stream

Stream salmonids choose foraging locations to maximize the energy benefit of foraging within the constraints of size-mediated dominance hierarchies and predation risk. But, because stream habitats are temporally variable, fish must use a search process to monitor changing habitat conditions as a means of locating potentially-better foraging locations. I explored the cues used by the cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki clarki, when searching for food at the pool scale by artificially increasing prey availability at different locations by using special feeders and by manipulating pool velocities. Behavior of individually marked fish was monitored from stream bank platforms under unmanipulated control conditions and under seven experimental sets of conditions involving different combinations of feeder location and velocity manipulation. Under natural conditions fish elected to forage in the deepest (>50 cm), fastest (0.10–0.25 m s−1) locations and within 1 m of structure cover, but would readily move to shallower (<30 cm) water away from cover if velocities were manipulated to be highest there. Although fish did not locate feeders unless they were placed in high-velocity areas, when high velocity was provided fish would move into very shallow water (<20 cm) if prey were delivered there. Responses of individual trout to manipulations indicated that water velocity was the main physical cue used by fish to decide where to forage, and that fish could also learn about new food sources by observing conspecifics. Overall, results indicated fish were not “perfect searchers” that could quickly locate new food resources over short time scales, even when the new resources were within a few meters of the fish’s normal foraging location. When given the correct cues, however, fish could detect new food sources and defend them against subordinate fish. Movement of new fish into and out of the study pools during the ten-day observation period was common, consistent with the idea that trout used movement as a means of exploring and learning about habitat conditions at the reach scale.
Elements for Building a Participatory, Ecosystem-Based Marine Reserve Network

This article offers a case study of the process involved in the development of a national network of marine reserves to protect multispecies reef fish spawning aggregation sites. There are two guiding principles that engendered success for this unprecedented conservation event. First was the broad participation of a diverse group of stakeholders, particularly the local fishermen providing their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). The second involved the search for patterns in geomorphology and its association to the biology of exploited species. Using diverse and patchy sets of data including published peer-reviewed papers, gray literature reports from Belize and other Caribbean nations, remotely sensed images, coarse bathymetric maps, new bathymetric data collected with a single-beam sonar, and reports of fishermen from various parts of the country, we developed a conceptual understanding summarized by the multispecies promontory hypothesis, which suggests a common geomorphology of spawning sites for...
Derivative expansion and the induced Chern-Simons term at finite temperature in 2+1 dimensions

We apply the method of derivative expansion of fermion determinants to compute the induced Chern-Simons term in (2+1)-dimensional field theories. The temperature dependence of the Chern-Simons term computed using real-time and imaginary-time methods is shown to be compatible with gauge invariance.
Occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Soybean Fields in East-Central Illinois and Enumeration of Inocula in Soybean Seed Lots

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of soybean is an important disease in the northern soybean-production areas of the United States. In Illinois, the occurrence of SSR has been limited to the northern-most soybean-production areas. In this study, soybean fields in east-central Illinois were surveyed for incidence of SSR. Of 68 fields surveyed, 31 contained SSR. Of the fields with SSR, 25 had between 1 and 5% SSR incidence, while 6 fields had more than 5% SSR incidence. The pattern of the disease in one field was mapped, and the spatial distribution of SSR was aggregated with a Lloyd's index of 1.4. In addition to field incidence of SSR, seed lots suspected of being contaminated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia were obtained from the Illinois Crop Improvement Association. Sclerotia and seeds were separated, and seeds were germinated to determine the level of seedborne infection by S. sclerotiorum. Sclerotia were recovered from 71 of 81 seed lots. Most of the seed lots were from the north-central area of Illinois, but one seed lot was from Madison County in the southwestern area of the state, and three and six seed lots contaminated with sclerotia were from Iowa and Wisconsin, respectively. Sclerotia counts ranged from 0 to 363 per seed lot. Normal-appearing seeds from the 81 seed lots (100 to 200 seeds per lot) were tested for germination and incidence of seedborne infection by S. sclerotiorum. Eight seed lots had at least one infected seed, and the incidence of seed infection ranged from 0.07 to 0.1%. From 10 randomly selected seed lots of the 81, discolored, shriveled seeds were selected and germinated to determine the incidence of seedborne infection. Seed infection rates ranged from 0 to 70%. The occurrence of SSR throughout Illinois and the importance of seedborne infection as a source of inoculum dispersal need further documentation.
Mass spectra of methyl sterculate and malvalate and 1,2-dialkylcyclopropenes.

Abstract The mass spectra of 1,2-dipropyl-, 1,2-dipentyl-, 1,2-dihexyl-, 1,2-diheptyl-, and 1,2-dioctyl-cyclopropene, methyl malvalate, methyl sterculate, malvalyl alcohol, 1,2-dipropyl-, 1,2-dipentyl-, and 1,2-dihexylcyclopropene-3-carboxylic acid, and methyl-9,10-(carbethoxymethano)-9-octadecenoate are presented. A noticable feature of the 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropene spectra is the total absence of a cyclopropenium ion. The cyclopropenes with a carboxyl group in the 3-position yield cyclopropenium ions in the mass spectra. β-Cleavage to a allylic ion appears to be important.
Antegrade Delivery of Stent Grafts to Treat Complex Thoracic Aortic Disease

Background Thoracic aortic disease involving the aortic arch presents a challenge to cardiovascular surgeons. The purpose of this study was to establish the safety and efficacy of antegrade delivery techniques of aortic stent grafting for the treatment of high-risk, complex thoracic aortic disease. Methods From April 2007 to December 2009, 38 patients underwent stent graft repair of complex thoracic aortic diseases not otherwise amenable to standard retrograde delivery. Chart review, query of the Social Security Death Index, and three-dimensional analysis of computed tomography was performed. Indications were elective (n = 17), urgent (n = 11), or emergent (n = 10). Causes included coarctation (n = 1), acute aortic dissection (n = 4), traumatic transection (n = 2), and aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm (n = 31), of which 6 were ruptured. Sites of delivery included axillary (n = 4), ascending aorta (n = 18), and direct aortic placement (frozen elephant trunk, n=16). Eleven were performed off-pump, 4 were performed on pump with a beating heart, 3 with cardiac arrest, and 20 under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Delivery was facilitated by transesophageal echocardiography alone (n = 14), or with fluoroscopy (n = 24). All devices used were commercially available (TAG, 18; Talent, 1; TX2, 19). Concomitant procedures were performed in 26 patients including 17 ascending repairs, 16 coronary artery bypass graftings, and 4 aortic valve replacements. Results Technical success was achieved in 97% (37 of 38 patients). Hospital mortality was 10% (n = 4), and serious complications included stroke (n = 4), paraparesis (transient n=3, persistent n=1), renal failure (n = 4), and respiratory failure (n = 12). Mean length of hospital stay was 14.7 days (range, 4 to 36 days), and 6.7 days (range, 1 to 20 days) in the intensive care unit. Overall survival was 74% at median follow-up of 1.2 ± 0.8 years. Ten endoleaks in 9 patients (8 type II, 2 type I) required 3 late reinterventions. Conclusions Antegrade delivery of commercially available stent grafts to treat high-risk, complex thoracic aortic diseases is feasible with a high rate of technical success and good intermediate-term outcomes. Further evaluation of these alternative stent graft delivery techniques is warranted.
Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy

Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy. By Nadia Urbinati. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. 326p. $45.00. Nadia Urbinati begins her new book, Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy, with the observation that while we call certain contemporary western governments “democratic,” any historical glance at their political institutions will as readily show that they were “designed to contain rather than encourage democracy” (p. 1). She takes as one “main point of reference” (p. 9) for her argument, Bernard Manin's claim in The Principles of Representative Government (1997) that the practice of contemporary democracy is still constrained by the fact that “there has been no significant change in the institutions regulating the selection of representatives and the influence of the popular will on their decisions in office” (p. 229, n. 2). For many, this view of unchanged institutions simply reflects either the more defensive observation that modern governments continue to need Schumpeterian neutralizing restrictions on participation or, conversely, the critical claim that modern democracy continues to fall short of an ideal (or perhaps idealized) Athenian standard of direct self-rule. On both of these views, Urbinati notes, representative democracy is seen as an oxymoron (p. 4). However, she quite forcefully disagrees, and what is more, she believes both the times and contemporary democratic theorizing are on her side.
A coupled FDTD‐artificial neural network technique for large‐signal analysis of microwave circuits

We propose a first-order global modeling approach of Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMIC) by modeling the active device with a neural network based on a full hydrodynamic model. This neural network describes the nonlinearities of the equivalent circuit parameters of an MESFET implemented in an extended Finite Difference Time Domain mesh to predict large-signal behaviors of the circuits. We successfully represented the transistor characteristics with a one-hidden-layer neural network, whose inputs are the gate voltage Vgs and the drain voltage Vds. The trained neural network shows excellent accuracy and dramatically reduces the computational time in comparison with the hydrodynamic model. Small-signal simulation is performed and validated by comparison with HP-Libra. Then large-signal behaviors are obtained, which demonstrates the successful use of the artificial neural network. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12: 25–36, 2002.
Bubble shapes in nucleate boiling

An attempt is made to explain the differently shaped bubbles observed growing on a surface during nucleate boiling of water. Some of the bubbles photographed were very close to the spherical shape, while others were close to the hemispherical. Also, a number of bubbles had intermediate shapes and were called oblate bubbles. Measurements of bubble dimensions and growth rates obtained from high-speed films were analyzed. By using a modified Rayleigh equation, the relative importance of the inertial and surface tension forces was computed. it appeared that the differences in shapes among bubbles can be explained on the basis of the relative importance of these forces. It was found that for spherical bubbles inertial forces are small because of the slow growth rate and surface tension is clearly the dominant force. For hemispherical bubbles, however, the fast growth rate causes a very large inertial force which is greater than surface tension. For the oblate bubbles neither of the forces was found to be dominate and inertia as well as surface tension determines the shape.
Progesterone initiation of the human sperm acrosome reaction: the obligatory increase in intracellular calcium is independent of the chloride requirement

Abstract The progesterone-initiated human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) requires a rise in intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ), extracellular Cl − and apparently increased Cl − flux through a unique steroid receptor/Cl − channel resembling but not identical to a GABA A /C1 − channel complex. The present study uses fura-2 loaded human sperm, GABA A /CL − channel blockers (picrotoxin and pregnenolone sulfate) and Cl − -containing and Cl − -deficient media to determine whether the progesterone-mediated increase in [Ca 2+ ] i is dependent on the Cl − requirement. There was no significant difference between the progesterone-mediated increases of [Ca 2+ ] i obtained in Cl − -containing and Cl − -deficient media. Picrotoxin did not significantly inhibit the progesterone-mediated increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , and pregnenolone sulfate increased [Ca 2+ ] i to the same extent as progesterone. These results strongly suggest that the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i essential to the AR is independent of the AR Cl − requirement and could be explained by the existence of two different sperm plasma membrane progesterone receptors.
Extending lookahead for LR parsers

Abstract A practical method is presented for extending the lookahead of LR parsers, by the addition of “reduce-arcs.” Applied to an LR(0) parser, this gives a machine which is close in size to the corresponding LALR(1) machine, but is capable of making use of unbounded lookahead. The class of grammars parsable by this method is a subset of the LR-regular grammars which is shown to be properly included in the LALR( k ) grammars, if limited to k symbols of lookahead, but also includes non-LR grammars if no such limit is imposed. Application is foreseen to error recovery in LALR(1) parsers, as well as the handling of occasional non-LALR(1) situations in normal parsing.
Analysis of blood clearance and labeled metabolites for the estrogen receptor tracer [F-18]-16α-Fluorestradiol (FES)

[F-18] 16α-Fluoroestradiol (FES) has been shown to be a tracer of estrogen receptor content in breast tumors; however, quantitative analysis of FES images is complicated by the rapid metabolism of the tracer in vivo. To optimize FES PET imaging studies and to provide an input function for the quantitative analysis of the tracer FES uptake in breast tumors, we studied the clearance and metabolism of FES in 15 breast cancer patients. FES clearance, protein binding, and metabolite production and limited assays to determine the identity of labeled metabolites were performed. These studies show that FES was rapidly cleared from the blood and metabolized; at 20 min only 20% of the circulating radioactivity was unmetabolized FES, and much of this was protein bound. The detectable metabolites in either blood or urine are conjugation products, largely the glucuronide and the sulfate of FES, and these are excreted through the kidneys at a rate comparable to their introduction into the circulation. After 20 min postinjection the blood levels of radioactivity remain fairly constant. Our results, the first report on human metabolites, are in close agreement with previous animal studies of FES metabolism. These studies show that because FES clearance is rapid and metabolite background is nearly constant, imaging starting at 20 to 30 min after injection may provide good visualization of estrogen-containing tissues. Labeled metabolites need to be accounted for in quantifying FES uptake.
The Yeatsian Refrain in Paul Muldoon's Moy Sand and Gravel

(2006). The Yeatsian Refrain in Paul Muldoon's Moy Sand and Gravel. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 50-56.
Low-loss integrated planar chalcogenide waveguides for microfluidic chemical sensing

Chalcogenide glasses are an ideal material candidate for evanescent biochemical sensing due to their mid and far-infrared transparency. We have fabricated and tested, to the best of our knowledge, the first microfluidic device monolithically integrated with planar chalcogenide glass waveguides. High-index-contrast channel waveguides have been defined using plasma etching in thermally evaporated Ge23Sb7S70 films, followed by microfluidic channel patterning in photocurable resin (SU8) and channel sealing by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cover. Using this device, N-methylaniline can be detected using its well-defined absorption fingerprint of the N-H bond near 1496 nm. Our measurements indicate linear response of the sensor to varying N-methylaniline concentrations and a sensitivity of this sensor down to N-methylaniline concentration of 0.7 vol. %. Thermal reflow has been employed as an effective method to smooth chalcogenide waveguide sidewall roughness from 6.1 nm to 0.56 nm. Given the low-cost fabrication process and robust device configuration, our integration scheme provides a promising device platform for infrared chemical sensing applications.
Monitoring the algal bloom event in Lake Okeechobee, Florida under Tropical Cyclone Fay impacts using MODIS/Terra images

Lake Okeechobee, Florida is the largest freshwater lake in the southeastern U.S. It is a key component in the hydrologic system of South Florida providing water supply for agriculture, the environment, and urban areas. Excessive phosphorus loads, from the Okeechobee watershed over the last few decades have led to increased eutrophication of this lake. Much of the excess phosphorus has been sequestered into the sediments. Sediment water interactions, including diffusive fluxes and sediment resuspension are a source of available phosphorus for phytoplankton. As a consequence, nutrient-enriched lake water has led to phytoplankton blooms from time to time. These blooms are often quantified by measurement of chlorophyll-a concentrations. While the in-situ water quality monitoring is time-consuming, sporadic, and costly, multispectral remote sensing sensors onboard satellites can detect chlorophyll-a contained in most phytoplankton efficiently. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of MODIS/Terra Surface Reflectance 1- Day images to capture the unique algal bloom event one week after the landfall of the hurricane Fay in mid-Sept. 2008. Use of the genetic programming model permits sound information retrieval for spatial mapping of chlorophyll-a concentrations, which help explain the mechanism as to why the algal bloom event occurred.
Isgur-Wise function and Vcb from Bethe-Salpeter equations.

We calculate the Isgur-Wise function from the solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equations. The shape of the Isgur-Wise function thus calculated is a prediction of the Bethe-Salpeter equations and does not depend on undetermined parameters. We develop a best fit to the numerically computed Isgur-Wise function in the form \ensuremath{\xi}(\ensuremath{\omega})=\ensuremath{\eta}[1-${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}^{2}$/\ensuremath{\eta}(\ensuremath{\omega}-1)+a(\ensuremath{\omega}-1${)}^{3/2}$], where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}^{2}$=1.279, a=0.91, \ensuremath{\eta}=0.9942, and \ensuremath{\omega} is the recoil velocity. The Isgur-Wise function is then used to obtain ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{b}}$ from the recent experimental data of B\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{*}}$l\ensuremath{\nu}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} decay. Our best estimate of ${\mathit{V}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{b}}$ is (34.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$, which is comparable to some of the latest estimates in the literature.
Detection of Polyatomic Species in Non-Premixed Flames Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Abstract Quantitative determinations of polyatomic species in laboratory-scale hydrocarbon diffusion flames using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is discussed. The diode laser used in these studies pumped the ν 4 fundamental of methane and the ν 4 + ν 5 combination band of acetylene in the 1260-1290 cm −1 range in two different burner systems which supported both methane/air and ethylene/air non-premixed flames. For both molecules, the sensitivity of the measurement was a strong function of the local flame temperature, falling off rapidly as temperatures approached 2000 K. The detection limits for acetylene were lower than those for methane because of lower spectral line density in the former experiments.
Analysis of Consecutive Pseudo-First-Order Reactions II: Calculation of the Rate Constants from the Co-product or Co-reactant Data

The co-product or co-reactant data for a two-step pseudo-first-order consecutive reaction gives unique shape profiles for the natural logarithm of the concentration versus time plots, based on the ratio of two rate constants (k2/k1), for theoretical data without error. But, in the presence of a ± 2.0% random error in the simulated data, the ability to distinguish between different shapes disappears. A comprehensive analysis shows that accurate rate constants can be obtained only in a limited range of k2/k1 ratios. Reliable rate constants can be obtained when k2/k1 0.5, the calculated parameters are extremely sensitive to experimental errors, and other techniques involving the concentrations of starting material and intermediate should be used to obtain the rate constants.
Follicle development in grafted mouse ovaries after cryopreservation and subcutaneous transplantation

Abstract Objective: Our aim was to determine the impact of freezing, thawing, and subcutaneous transplantation on follicular development in grafted mouse ovaries. Study Design: The mice were divided into 3 groups: control (group 1), frozen-thawed grafting (group 2), and frozen-thawed grafting with human menopausal gonadotropin injection (group 3). After freezing and thawing, the ovaries were transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue. Two weeks after transplantation, grafted ovaries and blood samples were collected. Results: Ovaries from group 3 contained significantly more follicles (246 ± 43 follicles) than group 2( P Conclusion: In mice, gonadotropin treatment before subcutaneous grafting improved the survival of growing follicles. Subcutaneous ovarian transplantation may restore ovarian function and could obviate many of the problems that are related to ovarian banking for humans. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:370-4.)
Reaction Pathway and Stereoselectivity of Olefin Metathesis at High Temperature

Abstract The reactions of ethylene and propylene catalyzed by molybdenum model catalysts are examined at high temperature (800–880 K). Hydrocarbon products up to C 6 are present in measurable amounts for both reactions, and products up to C 8 are observed. The product distributions obtained are well described by a Schulz–Flory distribution, where a plot of ln(r n /n) versus n yields a straight line, indicating that products are formed by a chain-polymerization mechanism. Analysis of the slopes and intercepts of the Schulz–Flory distributions allows the kinetic parameters for high-temperature metathesis to be estimated. For ethylene, degenerate metathesis is determined to proceed with a reaction order of 1.3±0.2 and an activation energy of 55±7 kcal/mol. The metathesis of propylene is determined to have a reaction order of 1.02±0.05 and an activation energy of 53±3 kcal/mol. Propylene metathesis exhibits stereoselectivity for cis-2-butene formation that is two to three times greater than that predicted thermodynamically. This is suggested to be the result of the geometry necessary for methylcarbene recombination in the context of the proposed mechanism.
Notes on social indicators: Promises and potential

Widespread interest in social indicators—indeed, what may be characterized as a new social movement—has developed among both social scientists and policymakers. The concept of social indicators, however, continues to be diffuse and there are exaggerated claims of the utility of indicators. Deficiencies in both conceptualization and method limit the potential of indicators for such tasks as priority setting and program evaluation. Moreover, the development of social accounts, based on the analogy with economic accounts, is fallacious. Redirection in effort and more realistic claims can reduce the possibility of an eventual decline in work on indicators and enhance the value of the movement for both policymakers and social scientists concerned with the analysis and prediction of social change.
Nipple fluid cytology

With increasing emphasis on public awareness of breast cancer and screening mammography, more women seek consultation for breast symptoms, including nipple discharge. The presence of nipple discharge is distressing for the patient; however, its origin is fortunately most often benign. Nipple discharge associated with a recognizable mass requires sampling and surgical excision. Currently, clinical breast examination, cytology, ductography, mammogram, and ultrasound are commonly used to evaluate patients who have nipple discharge. Ductal lavage and ductoscopy, in association with emerging new technology, may be of help in increasing the sensitivity of nipple fluid cytology. In addition, nipple fluid cytology may offer a new way to study the spectrum of premalignant breast lesions, and to identify women at risk for breast cancer.
Superconductivity in Zr-3d metallic glasses

Abstract We report the results of T c and H c2 (i) measurements in Zr 70 X 30 metallic glasses. The relation between D(E F ) and X is discussed in terms of recent UPS measurements. A strong depression of T c is observed for X = Fe, Mn, and Cr which we attribute to the formation of localized magnetic moments and spin fluctuations.
Research on Vibration Test Method of the Whole NC Machine Tool

Vibration test of the whole machine has become an important measure to solve vibration problem of NC machine tool, because it can evaluate anti-vibration performance and check the validity of vibration analysis. In the paper, on basis of confirming the vibration test contents for NC machine tool, the vibration test method and flow of the whole machine are proposed from the need of engineering, which include planning experiment instruments, confirming test contents, putting up test system, vibration test, analyzing experiment data etc. At last, taking a NC boring machine which is built by Shenyang machine tool group as study case, the whole machine vibration test is done. The practice indicates that the method is effectual.
Anomalous behavior of nickel-gallium substitutions in YBa2Cu3O7-δ

Abstract Substitution of Ni and Ga together for Cu in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ is found to produce markedly different changes in superconducting transition temperatures than would be expected from the individual dopants. These elements were selected for their physical similarity to copper, so that any anomalous behavior might be interpreted as due primarily to the differing valences and the nickel magnetic moment. Substitutions of Zn and Ga were also studied, and the smaller deviation from the individual dopant behavior suggests that the magnetic nature of Ni may be significant perturbation to the high-temperature superconducting state. These results are consistent with a transition temperature decrease from the Ni magnetic moment competing with an increase from the NiCu valence difference.
MEMBRANE LIFTING TECHNIQUE FOR RAPID DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 IN INOCULATED GROUND MEATS

A membrane lifting technique was developed for direct rapid detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in inoculated ground meats. Duplicate groups of 2 meatballs were inoculated with volumes of 0.1-ml of a serial dilution (1:10) of E. coli 0157:H7 or a mixed culture containing one strain of E. coli 0157:H7 and a non-0157:H7E. coli serotype (E. coli ATCC 25922). Each meatball was sampled by sandwiching with 2 pieces of nitrocellulose membranes and pressing against each other to the center of the meatball. The membranes were in contact with the meats for 10 min to lift the bacteria. The membranes were removed and incubated on MacConkey-sorbitol agar plates with the meat contact side up. After 18 h incubation at 37C, an immunostain was performed directly on the membranes for detection of the presence or absence of E. coli 0157:H7. This method was found to be sensitive enough to detect as few as 1 to 2 cells of E. coli 0157:H7 inoculated on surfaces of 18-g meatballs. This method might be used as a rapid presumptive test for E. coli 0157:H7.
Illusory conjunctions of forms, objects, and scenes during rapid serial visual search.

"Temporal migration" describes a situation in which subjects viewing rapidly presented stimuli (e.g., 9-20 items/s) confidently report a target element as having been presented in the same display as a previous or following stimulus in the sequence. Four experiments tested a short-term buffer model of this phenomenon. Experiments 1 and 4 tested the hypothesis that subjects' errors are due to the demands of the verbal report procedure rather than to perceptual integration. In Experiment 1, 12 color objects were presented at a rate of 9/s. Prior to each sequence, an object was named and subjects responded "yes" or "no" to indicate whether the target element (a black frame) occurred with that object. Consistent with the perceptual hypothesis, the yes/no procedure yielded the same results as the verbal report procedure. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that the direction of migration depends on "frame" detection time. Results showed that reaction time to frame detection was significantly faster in trials in which subjects reported the frame on a preceding rather than a following picture. Experiments 3 and 4 used the standard naming procedure and the yes/no procedure to test temporal migration using more complex, interrelated stimuli (objects and scenes). Implications for the use of the temporal migration effect to study visual integration within eye fixations are discussed. Language: en
Automatic Page Composition with Combined Image Crop and Layout Metrics

Automatic layout algorithms simplify the composition of image-rich documents, but they still require users to have sufficient artistry to supply well cropped and composed imagery. Combining an automatic cropping technology with a document layout system enables better results to be produced faster by less-skilled users. This paper reviews prior work in automatic image cropping and automatic page layout and presents a case for a combined crop and layout technology. We describe one such technology in a system for interactive publication design by amateur self-publishers and show that providing an automatic cropping system with additional information about the layout context can enable it to generate a more appropriate set of ranked crop options for a given image. Furthermore, we show that providing an automatic layout system with sets of ranked crop options for images can enable it to compose more appropriate page layouts.
Elevated interleukin-6 levels in the ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome: Ovarian immunohistochemical localization of interleukin-6 signal

Objective To examine the production and immunolocalization of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Methods The study group consisted of patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (n=9) from whom serum and ascites samples were obtained. The control samples used were serum (n=10) and peritoneal (n=16) and follicular fluids (n=8) from healthy individuals. Follicular fluid (n=40) and serial serum samples were also obtained from patients undergoing menotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) before (n=10) and after ovulation (n=34). Interleukin-6 measurements were performed with a sensitive immunoassay and confirmed with a bioassay. Immunohistochemical localization of IL-6 was performed with a mouse monoclonal antibody in normal premenopausal (n=5) and postmenopausal ovaries (n=5), as well as with cells from stimulated follicular fluid aspirates (n=3). Results We found significantly higher serum and ascites IL-6 levels in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (mean 18.8 ± 1.1 and 810.8 ± 60.7 pg/mL, respectively) compared with postovulatory serum and peritoneal fluid from normal controls (mean 4.4 ± .69 and 44.7 ± 7.5 pg/mL, respectively) (P Conclusion Interleukin-6 levels are markedly elevated in the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome when compared with controls. The higher follicular fluid IL-6 levels seen suggest local secretion of this cytokine. Immunohistochemical correlation demonstrated IL-6 within ovarian theca cells. These findings suggest a local role for IL-6 both in normal and stimulated ovarian function. Whether IL-6 is directly responsible for the clinical manifestations of this syndrome is unclear. However, when produced in massive amounts, the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-6 may contribute to its pathogenesis and perhaps serve as a marker for the disease.
The activation energies associated with superplastic flow

Abstract A sigmoidal relationship was observed between strain rate and stress in the Zn-22% Al eutectoid alloy, dividing the behavior into three distinct regions. At high strain rates (region III), the activation energy was similar to that anticipated for lattice diffusion, and the results support the suggestion that the behavior in this region arises from an intragranular creep process. At intermediate strain rates (region II), the activation energy decreased to a value similar to that anticipated for grain boundary diffusion; whereas at very low strain rates (region I), the activation energy again increased to a value close to that for lattice diffusion. This trend was confirmed using two different modes of deformation (tensile and shear) and three different experimental procedures (strain rate cycling, stress cycling and a change in temperature technique). The results suggest that regions I and II arise through the sequential operation of two different processes.
Turning to learn: Screen orientation and reasoning with small devices

While the prevalence and use of mobile devices to gather important information is increasing rapidly, a critical question is whether information gathering and reasoning with these devices produces acceptable levels of performance, especially relative to more traditional desktop environments? Across two studies, participants were evaluated on their ability to not only remember information conveyed on small devices, but also reason with said information in complex ways. Results indicated that, when compared to a full-size display, there is a reasoning deficit when using a small device. However, changing the small device to landscape orientation effectively eliminated this performance decrement. Further, this orientation manipulation appears to most support individuals who are lower in working memory capacity, as these individuals have been shown previously to struggle with learning from scrolling interfaces. This suggests that consideration of learner differences, through adaptive design, can promote optimal use of small technologies.
A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Infancy Research and Social Issues

This article focuses on two issues: (1) the extent to which information generated by cross-cultural psychologists in the field of infant behavior and development is applicable to developing countries, and (2) how relevant this information is to social issues confronting these countries. Among critical issues that need to be addressed more systematically in cross-cultural research with infants are (a) demographic constraints, (b) risk factors affecting the survival and quality of life of young children, (c) the changing context of infant care, and (d) the consequences of intervention programs that rely on transfer of Western technology to the developing world. The limits of developmental models that originated in Europe and the United States need to be tested in cross-cultural studies.
Corporate Governance and East Asia

This paper explores the role of corporate governance in the Asian crisis countries: Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. It argues that the focus in an analysis of corporate governance should be on the provision of external equity finance--the position of outside minority shareholders. The proportion of equity finance in the capital structure of firms is highly correlated with the status of corporate governance. In economies with extensive and concentrated family ownership of publicly traded companies, the mechanisms of corporate governance are likely to be weak. These propositions are examined in a review of the four countries. The paper concludes by recommending that strengthening of the effective limits on conflict of interest transactions by those in control of the firm would be of more immediate benefit than efforts to create managerial monitoring through development of a market for corporate control.
BEYOND TERRITORIALITY AND DEFERRAL: THE PROMISE OF "MANAGED AND CONTROLLED"

In the new version of his Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act, Senator Carl Levin (D-Mich) once again proposed to modify the definition of residence for domestic corporations to treat companies "whose management and control occur primarily in the United States as U.S. domestic corporations for income tax purposes.” Adopting this proposal would further deter inversions, and would make it difficult for U.S.-based hedge funds and nonprofits to use “blockers” to avoid effectively connected income and UBTI without actually operating the blockers offshore. These are significant improvements over the current system. But the biggest impact will be on Subpart F. The debate between opponents and proponents of deferral and territoriality seems unlikely to produce real reform anytime soon. But if we adopted “managed and controlled”, it would become much more difficult for U.S. multinationals to avoid Subpart F merely by creating shell companies overseas and using one of the myriad loopholes in the existing rules.
Polymer (SU-8) optofluidic device with embedded hydrogel oxygen sensing elements

The SU-8 photopolymer is an excellent alternative for traditional materials used in fluidic devices such as glass- or silicon-based inorganic materials. We describe a new chemically-anchored, lithographically-patterned hydrogel sensing element embedded in a completed SU-8 fluidic channel structure after the channel bonding process. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel films incorporating oxygen-responsive ruthenium-complex fluorophores are grafted and patterned by photopolymerization of solution-phase precursors on the modified SU-8 channel surface. The optofluidic sensing platform with this embedded sensing elements exhibited excellent performance in measuring dissolved oxygen content. A unique advantage of this method is the selective growth of various functional films in situ by sequentially injecting different precursors. This fluidic sensing platform will be a viable component for both electrochemical and optical bioanalytical assays.
Testosterone treatment increases thromboxane function in rat cerebral arteries

We previously showed that testosterone, administered in vivo, increases the tone of cerebral arteries. A possible underlying mechanism is increased vasoconstriction through the thromboxane A2 (TxA2...
The normal parathyroid gland at autopsy: the significance of stromal fat in adult patients.

Traditionally half of the cell population of the adult parathyroid gland is considered to be stromal fat. A marked decrease of stromal fat has been observed at autopsy of adult patients, the functional significance of which is unknown. In order to investigate this phenomenon, the stromal and parenchymal fat of the parathyroid glands of 33 adult patients who died with no known hormonal abnormalities were evaluated. Stromal fat was much less than 50 per cent, i.e., less than 10 per cent., in the majority of cases, while parenchymal fat was ample in all cases. This finding, especially if compared to cases with hyperparathyroidism, indicates the lack of functional specificity of change in stromal fat, whereas, alteration in parenchymal fat appears to be a better anatomical register of normal or abnormal parathyroid function.
The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment: laboratory fire measurements and synthesis of campaign data

As part of the Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE), tropical forest fuels were burned in a large, biomass-fire simulation facility and the smoke was characterized with open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton-transfer reaction mass spec- trometry (PTR-MS), gas chromatography (GC), GC/PTR- MS, and filter sampling of the particles. In most cases, about one-third of the fuel chlorine ended up in the parti- cles and about one-half remained in the ash. About 50% of the mass of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) emitted by these fires could be identified with the available instrumentation. The lab fire emission factors (EF, g com- pound emitted per kg dry fuel burned) were coupled with EF obtained during the TROFFEE airborne and ground-based field campaigns. This revealed several types of EF depen- dence on parameters such as the ratio of flaming to smol- dering combustion and fuel characteristics. The synthesis of data from the different TROFFEE platforms was also used to derive EF for all the measured species for both primary deforestation fires and pasture maintenance fires - the two main types of biomass burning in the Amazon. Many of the EF are larger than those in widely-used earlier work. This is mostly due to the inclusion of newly-available, large EF for the initially-unlofted smoldering emissions from resid- ual logs in pastures and the assumption that these emissions make a significant contribution ( 40%) to the total emissions from pasture fires. The TROFFEE EF for particles with aero- dynamic diameter <2.5 microns (EFPM2.5) is 14.8 g/kg for primary deforestation fires and 18.7 g/kg for pasture main- tenance fires. These EFPM 2.5 are significantly larger than a previous recommendation (9.1 g/kg) and lead to an estimated pyrogenic primary PM2.5 source for the Amazon that is 84% larger. New regional budgets for biogenic and pyrogenic emissions were roughly estimated. Coupled with an estimate of secondary aerosol formation in the Amazon and source ap- portionment studies, the regional budgets suggest that 5% of the total mass of the regionally generated NMOC end up as secondary organic aerosol within the Amazonian bound- ary layer within 1-3 days. New global budgets confirm that biogenic emissions and biomass burning are the two largest global sources of NMOC with an estimated production of ap- proximately 1000 (770-1400) and 500 (250-630) Tg/yr, re- spectively. It follows that plants and fires may also be the two main global sources of secondary organic aerosol. A limited set of emission ratios (ER) is given for sugar cane burning, which may help estimate the air quality impacts of burning this major crop, which is often grown in densely populated areas.
A dynamic en-route filtering scheme for data reporting in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, adversaries can inject false data reports via compromised nodes and launch DoS attacks against legitimate reports. Recently, a number of filtering schemes against false reports have been proposed. However, they either lack strong filtering capacity or cannot support highly dynamic sensor networks very well. Moreover, few of them can deal with DoS attacks simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a dynamic en-route filtering scheme that addresses both false report injection and DoS attacks in wireless sensor networks. In our scheme, each node has a hash chain of authentication keys used to endorse reports; meanwhile, a legitimate report should be authenticated by a certain number of nodes. First, each node disseminates its key to forwarding nodes. Then, after sending reports, the sending nodes disclose their keys, allowing the forwarding nodes to verify their reports. We design the hill climbing key dissemination approach that ensures the nodes closer to data sources have stronger filtering capacity. Moreover, we exploit the broadcast property of wireless communication to defeat DoS attacks and adopt multipath routing to deal with the topology changes of sensor networks. Simulation results show that compared to existing solutions, our scheme can drop false reports earlier with a lower memory requirement, especially in highly dynamic sensor networks.