cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response to "not all hard work leads to learning".

To the Editor. In their letter, “Not all hard work leads to learning,” Persky and colleagues highlighted the need to teach students how to learn if they are to live up to the demands of a graduate-level pharmacy program and a successful life after graduation. As a recent pharmacy school graduate who struggled until being taught how to learn, I whole-heartedly agree that while learning takes hard work, “not all hard work leads to learning.” Pharmacy students are expected to function at a higher level of learning than ever before and their previously successful learning strategies may no longer work for them. While this mismatch can result in less meaningful learning for many students, some may adopt new learning styles that allow them to be more successful. Speaking from experience, the process of adapting without direction is a slow, inefficient, and often painful process, such that even adaptable students spend more time spinning their wheels in trial and error than would be necessary if there had been an initial nudge in the right direction. This pattern mentioned by Persky and colleagues became even more evident to me through my tutoring and peer mentoring responsibilities. A small minority of the dozens of students I worked with actually needed help understanding concepts. Instead, most students wanted to be taught how to learn efficiently. A few of these students knew what their learning styles were and this awareness enabled them to succeed after a brief discussion on how to apply their learning styles to curriculum requirements. Those who lacked this knowledge had to settle for using their old study habits even when alternative approaches would have better served. I benefitted from some direction at the start of my second year of pharmacy school, which made an immense difference. This direction came in the form of a learning styles workshop presented to our class. Prior to the workshop, we were directed to take an online learning styles test and bring our results to the session. The workshop began with a brief lecture defining different learning styles and some learning strategies that complemented each style. After the lecture, the students were divided into groups of similar learners where we shared studying strategies that did or did not work for us. The session was especially beneficial because our learning styles had been pre-identified to maximize impact and relevance of the lecture. A collaborative learning atmosphere was cultivated by providing an opportunity to learn from our peers. In the short span of 1 hour, I gained the knowledge to make the learning process more efficient and successful. This enabled me to devote much more time to professional and community service activities, while maintaining a high grade point average. Teaching incoming pharmacy students how to learn requires minimal effort from educators and has the potential for a big payoff in successful graduates who are better prepared for life-long learning.
Spectral imaging for complex clinical breast structures

We have imaged several breast cancer patients at multiple intervals during her neoadjuvant chemotherapy to assess the capability of microwave tomography as a therapy monitoring device. For the patient discussed here, we illustrate the spectral behavior of our tomographic approach in the context of a complex imaging situation with a large scattering tumor along with less frequently encountered structures such as thickened skin in the tumor vicinity. These results demonstrate that the microwave technology is sensitive to dielectric property perturbations associated with treatment-induced physiological changes. In addition, it also confirms previously hypothesized notions that the lower frequency images provide lower resolution but useful counterparts to the enhanced resolution, higher frequency images. This spectral data can be instructive for both UWB radar approaches and multi-frequency or time-domain tomographic approaches. The chemotherapy patients are unique with respect to breast cancer imaging cases in that they usually involve electrically large tumors along with other non-standard features such as extra-thick skin (easily as thick as 1 cm). These large, high contrast features are quite challenging for all types of microwave imaging (radar and tomography-based) and form an important benchmark for testing imaging techniques. For our efforts, we have developed a log transformation as part of the image reconstruction process which we have shown to have superior convergence behavior (i.e. no local minima) while retaining phase wrapping information that is generally lost when only considering more classical minimization criteria. As we will show, this technique requires broadband scattering data which we provide from measurements using our ultrawideband monopole antennas
A METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TANNINS IN FOODS BY MEANS OF IMMOBILIZED PROTEIN

Immobilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) binds tannins selectively at pH 4. Monomeric polyphenolic substances such as gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and catechol do not interact with the protein under these conditions. The protein-tannin complexes are dissociated by organic solvents such as methanol or dimethylformamide and the released tannins may be recovered in pure form. These principles have been utilized in the design of an analytical method which utilizes small columns of Sepharose-BSA to achieve separation between the two groups of compounds.
Risperidone: How Good Is the Evidence for Efficacy?

This article reviews the published literature evaluating the efficacy of risperidone. The literature includes three multicenter, double-blind studies that compared risperidone, haloperidol, and placebo, as well as three comparisons of risperidone with a standard neuroleptic. Efficacy of risperidone is reported, but most studies involved chronically hospitalized patients who were relatively refractory; the response to standard neuroleptics was not robust. Also, the reported superiority of risperidone on negative symptoms may be artifactual, since standard neuroleptics, because of extrapyramidal symptoms, can mimic or exacerbate negative symptoms. Finally, risperidone may have an antidepressant effect. It is as yet unclear whether risperidone is as effective as standard neuroleptics for positive schizophrenia symptoms in neuroleptic-responsive patients.
Picturing terrorism through Arabic lenses: a comparative analysis of Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya

This study examines the coverage of terrorism in two leading Arab news websites, Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya from 11 September 2009 to 10 September 2010. It finds that the stereotype that ‘the terrorist is a Muslim’ continues in terrorism coverage, despite the fact that some terrorists are non-Muslims. However, the two sites manage to send out the message that ‘the majority of terrorism victims are Muslims.’ In addition, the findings reveal that too much media focus is placed on disseminating and supporting official positions and decisions, and humanitarian sufferings from terrorism are seldom brought to the attention of the public.
Effect of container adsorption on the210Pb/210Bi secular equilibrium relationship in spiked aqueous solutions

Aqueous Pb(II) samples, spiked with210Pb/210Bi in secular equilibrium to study container adsorption, can provide some helpful insights if one takes advantage of the Cherenkov effect. While both radionuclides give high efficiencies when counted in a scintillator cocktail medium, only210Bi has a sufficiently energetic β-particle to yield an appreciable count rate in a water medium. Thus, monitoring the cocktail-to-water count rate ratio can provide important clues as to what happens during adsorption. A significant change in the ratio indicates not only disturbance of the secular equilibrium relationship, but indicates which nuclide is preferentially adsorbed.
A Systematic Review of Sleep in Pediatric Pain Populations

Abstract:Objective:The primary aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence for a pain-sleep relationship in children with persistent pain by reviewing studies using single and mixed pediatric persistent pain samples.Methods:Electronic searches of Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane Database
The rise and fall of Heilig–Meyers

Abstract This two-part instructional case examines an auditor’s reporting decision in a complex, actual situation and the auditor’s liability to shareholders under US federal securities laws. Part One of the case describes the history and operations of furniture retailer Heilig–Meyers. Students use information from Heilig–Meyers’ fiscal 2000 annual report to decide whether the auditors should have expressed substantial doubt about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Part Two describes a shareholder lawsuit accusing Heilig–Meyers’ auditors of violating Rule 10(b)(5) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Students evaluate the plaintiffs’ charges and the defenses the auditors used to have most of the complaint dismissed.
Comparisons between magnetic field exposure indices in an automobile transmission plant.

Personal monitoring of extremely low frequency magnetic fields was conducted at a large automatic transmission plant for a case-control study of primary brain cancer. Current workers were selected to represent the jobs most commonly held by study subjects. Several exposure indices, corresponding to different plausible biological mechanisms, were computed for each of 81 workers who wore the monitoring instrument for one-half shift. Average exposures covered a range from 0.16 to 46 mG; median exposure was 1.3 mG. Nonparametric correlations were estimated to learn whether all of these indices rise and fall together. Results were mixed, in that indices sensitive to high values showed correlations above 0.7, but other correlations were between 0.4 and 0.6. Different indices may thus identify different groups as “highly” exposed. The authors also tested whether indices based on the fraction of time spent above hypothesized thresholds were accurately predicted by a lognormal model. For 47% of the workers, the ob...
A Review of the External Positions of the Oil-Importing Developing Countries and their Relationship to the World Oil Market

Many oil-importing developing countries faced greater difficulties coping with the second oil shock (1979–80) than with the first (1973–74). The recent decline in oil prices has offset only a small part of the adverse effect of the earlier increases, and a number of these countries continue to face severe problems in servicing their external debt. This paper explores the reasons for these difficulties, which are associated in part with the higher levels of real interest rates in recent years and with the slowdown in economic activity in industrial countries. Estimates are provided of the effects of changing oil prices on the net real cost of oil imports in developing countries. The paper concludes with an assessment of the medium-term prospects for the financing of external deficits.
What we say about research : Rhetoric and argument in library and information science

Criticisms of library and information science (LIS) research abound and most focus on method, in the broad sense. This article examines the discourse on LIS from the standpoint of rhetoric and argument. Rhetorical and argumentative strategies are used in almost all formal communication, and these strategies themselves communicate purpose and point of view. Particular aspects of discourse on LIS are analyzed: science and scientific method, objectivity and neutrality, alternative approaches, and theory. The employment and the effect of rhetoric and argument demonstrate not only epistemological uses of research but also social uses and elements.
Impacts of CO2-induced climate change: Strategic issues and their treatment

Abstract Following a summary of the expected nature and societal consequences of the global climatic warming that can be anticipated to result from large-scale use of fossil fuel energy, a plea is made for intensive research devoted to determining the degree of urgency of this potential environmental threat. The research should center on means for rationally analyzing far-off events, of potentially high, but very uncertain costs, and include study of the social and economic structural elements involved for a transition of the world's primary energy resource base.
Biogeochemistry of terrestrial soils as influenced by short-term flooding

Many terrestrial soils in the US Midwest are temporally flooded during the spring. The effects of short-term flooding on biogeochemical processes that occur in these soils are not fully understood and are the subject of this study. To evaluate these processes we investigated the redox-induced changes in the soil solution for three-cultivated and three-uncultivated/forest soils with different organic matter concentrations. The soils were flooded for 1, 3, 7, and 14-days under anoxic conditions in a biogeochemical reactor. Samples were analyzed for Eh; pH; NO3 −; NH4 +; total dissolved Mn and Fe; soluble P; dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC–DIC); and evolved CO2. We found strongly contrasting responses of the terrestrial soils to flooding. Reducing conditions were established quickly in the uncultivated and more slowly in the cultivated soils. Concomitant changes in pH were higher for the uncultivated soils. The uncultivated soils showed a higher increase in the amount of NH4 +, P, Fe, Mn than the cultivated soils over the 14-day incubation. The total amount of carbon decomposed was much greater for the uncultivated soils with approximately 900 μg C (CO2 + DOC + DIC) decomposed per gram of soil compared to a total decomposition of 240 μg C g soil −1 for the cultivated soils indicating differences in the type of carbon decomposed. The rapid onset of reducing conditions for the uncultivated soils is attributed to a reactive carbon component that is either absent or occluded in the cultivated soils. This study demonstrates that the biogeochemically-induced changes in carbon dynamics in terrestrial soils are strongly influenced by short-term flooding and the history of soil management.
Method Evaluations for Escherichia coli and Coliforms Detection in Northern New Jersey Water Bodies

Biological organisms can pose a threat to water quality and can be responsible for waterborne diseases. Because it is very expensive and time consuming to test for each pathogenic organism, coliform bacteria and E. coli, which originate in environmental and animal sources, serve as good pathogenic indicator organisms. This study focused on evaluation of water quality in New Jersey water bodies by monitoring both E. coli and coliform using different methods. Water samples were taken over two months at different sites. Three different methods used in this study are membrane filtration, PetrifilmTM and IDEXX methods to compare and determine which one or in combination methods are the most efficient and reliable way to identify and quantify bacterial contamination. It was concluded that areas that were highly urbanized, specifically high urban and agriculturally developed areas, had an increased level of contamination. Our study suggested that modified membrane filter method in combination of IDEXX Colilert® System provide the best results. Further research, such as Microbial Source Tracking (MST), will be conducted to identify the origin of fecal contamination.
Practical lessons for successful long-term cropping systems experiments

Many lessons in long-term cropping systems experiments are learned from practical experience. I have conducted largescale, long-term, multidisciplinary dryland and irrigated cropping systems experiments with numerous colleagues at university and government research stations and in farmers’ fields in the USA and in developing countries for 25 years. Several practical lessons learned through the years are outlined in this short commentary. While some of these lessons learned may be intrinsically obvious, results of many cropping systems experiments have not been published in scientific journals due to fatal flaws in experimental design, improper transitioning between phases of the experiment and many other reasons. Ongoing active support by stakeholders is critical to maintain funding for long-term cropping systems studies. Problems and unexpected challenges will occur, but scientists can often parlay these into opportunities for discovery and testing of new hypotheses. Better understanding and advancement of stable, profitable and sustainable cropping systems will be critical for feeding the world’s projected 10 billion people by the mid-21st century.
Calibration of an impedance probe for estimation of surface soil water content over large regions

Large region surface soil moisture estimates are important for both hydrologic modeling and remote sensing applications. For soil moisture monitoring, gravimetric soil moisture sampling is reliable; however, it requires a significant effort to gather and process samples. Portable impedance probes serve as a valuable alternative to destructive gravimetric sampling. These probes measure the dielectric properties of the soil–water–air mixture from which we can infer the volumetric soil moisture. As part of recent large-scale experiments in the summers of 2002 and 2003, three different methods for calibrating impedance probes were investigated with the support of coincident gravimetric samples. Field specific calibration improved the accuracy of the probe from greater than ±5% volumetric soil moisture (using the generalized calibration) to less than ±4%. In addition, a significant amount of bias (∼2%) was eliminated. It was also determined that field specific calibration removes a bias due to bulk density variations. Based upon these results it was concluded that the generalized calibration is adequate for estimation of diverse conditions. For studies with more stringent accuracy requirements, field specific calibration is necessary because of reduced bias and error.
Moving proofs-as-programs into practice

Proofs in the Nuprl system, an implementation of a constructive type theory, yield "correct-by-construction" programs. In this paper a new methodology is presented for extracting efficient and readable programs from inductive proofs. The resulting extracted programs are in a form suitable for use in hierarchical verifications in that they are amenable to clean partial evaluation via extensions to the Nuprl rewrite system. The method is based on two elements: specifications written with careful use of the Nuprl set-type to restrict the extracts to strictly computational content; and on proofs that use induction tactics that generate extracts using familiar fixed-point combinators of the untyped lambda calculus. In this paper the methodology is described and its application is illustrated by example.
Targeted Genome-Wide Methylation and Gene Expression Analyses Reveal Signaling Pathways Involved in Ovarian Dysfunction after Developmental EDC Exposure in Rats

Transient exposure to methoxychlor (MXC), an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical, during fetal and neonatal stages causes ovarian dysfunction in pubertal, adult, and aging animals. Adult animals have reduced number of ovulations and abnormal follicular composition associated with altered gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. To test the hypothesis that the ovarian epigenomic changes induced by MXC are detectable following the exposure period, leading to altered gene expression by adulthood, we conducted a targeted genome-wide methylation study using Nimblegen 3x720K CpG Island Plus RefSeq Promoter Arrays. Control (vehicle), low-dose MXC (20 μg/kg/day), or high-dose MXC (100 mg/kg/day) treatments were administered between Embryonic Day 19 and Postnatal Day (PND) 7. Ovaries were collected at PND 7 immediately after exposure or at adulthood, PND 60. Array hybridizations were conducted with genomic DNA after methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and the array data were analyzed. DNA methylation events were functionally annotated, and candidate loci common to all the treatments or unique to some treatments were identified. Specific loci encoding signaling molecules such as the regulatory subunit p85 of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene, insulin receptor, and forkhead box protein O3 were identified to be hypermethylated in MXC-treated ovaries at PND 7 and/or PND 60. Examination of gene expression changes with TaqMan low-density arrays revealed that nearly 25% of the genes that were assayed were downregulated. These data demonstrate that key molecules in specific signaling pathways such as PTEN signaling, IGF-1 signaling, or rapid estrogen signaling are epigenetically altered in MXC-exposed ovaries, which is associated with ovarian dysfunction and female infertility.
Abstract ED01-04: Advancing the science of recruitment and retention of ethnically diverse populations.

We highlight two critical challenges that must be addressed to accelerate the advancement of the science of recruitment and retention of ethnically diverse populations into clinical research. First, we present evidence of the relative lack of attention by researchers to recruitment and retention of ethnically diverse populations. Then, we present data on the inadequacy of dedicated funding to advance systematically this field. To begin to address these challenges, we describe strategies used by the National Institute on Aging (NIA)-funded Resource Centers on Minority Aging Research and other NIA-funded programs to advance the science of recruitment and retention. Finally, we propose broad recommendations for generating a body of evidence on successful methods of recruitment and retention of ethnically diverse populations in clinical research. To eliminate cancer health disparities in ethnically diverse populations, much more research is needed on effective strategies for increasing minority enrollment in cancer research. Experimental studies in the recruitment literature that rigorously test recruitment or retention methods are an exception despite the valuable evidence they contribute. Comparative effectiveness research on recruitment and retention methods designed to address mechanisms of underrepresentation in clinical research will require dedicated funding and concerted efforts by investigators. Citation Format: Anna M. Napoles. Advancing the science of recruitment and retention of ethnically diverse populations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr ED01-04.
Nonlinear AC response and noise of a giant magnetoresistive sensor

We compare bridge voltage response measurements to ac magnetic fields from a giant magnetoresistive sensor with noise measurements on the same sensor. The small-signal response (for applied ac magnetic fields between 0.1 mOe rms and 30 mOe) is much less than is the slope of a dc voltage versus field curve, because of hysteretic effects. Noise statistics are used to estimate the size and number of the sites at which domain realignments occur near the response peak. Similar estimates are made by using fine-structure on the ac response curve. For ac fields of about 0.3 mOe rms, sharp spikes appear in the field-dependent response, giving rise to large harmonic distortion, varying in an irregular way with the ac amplitude. Domain sizes are estimated for the regions, giving these nonlinear response spikes, and for the domains, giving the magnetic noise, and a comparison based on a fluctuation-dissipation relation of the noise, and the response shows the importance of hysteresis.
The Role of Aerobic Fitness in Cortical Thickness and Mathematics Achievement in Preadolescent Children

Growing evidence suggests that aerobic fitness benefits the brain and cognition during childhood. The present study is the first to explore cortical brain structure of higher fit and lower fit 9- and 10-year-old children, and how aerobic fitness and cortical thickness relate to academic achievement. We demonstrate that higher fit children (>70th percentile VO2max) showed decreased gray matter thickness in superior frontal cortex, superior temporal areas, and lateral occipital cortex, coupled with better mathematics achievement, compared to lower fit children (<30th percentile VO2max). Furthermore, cortical gray matter thinning in anterior and superior frontal areas was associated with superior arithmetic performance. Together, these data add to our knowledge of the biological markers of school achievement, particularly mathematics achievement, and raise the possibility that individual differences in aerobic fitness play an important role in cortical gray matter thinning during brain maturation. The establishment of predictors of academic performance is key to helping educators focus on interventions to maximize learning and success across the lifespan.
Extending Divsalar's bound to nonbinary codes with two dimensional constellations

Closed form upper bounds to error probabilities of nonbinary coded systems with two and higher dimensional constellation over the additive white Gaussian noise channel are derived. Computation of these bounds do not require integrations nor parameter optimizations. These bounds are the extension of bounds derived by Divsalar in 1999 for binary codes with binary modulations. The proposed bounds require only the knowledge of the average pairwise Euclidean distance enumerator of the code words when certain symmetry conditions do not hold. The bounds are tight for large block lengths. We also briefly discuss how to extend the pairwise Euclidean distance enumerators to ensembles of nonbinary protograph codes using the notion of frequency weight enumerators.
J-R curve calculation with the normalization method for toughened polymers

The method of normalization is used to develop the J-R curve fracture toughness characterization for polymeric materials. This method can develop J-R curves directly from load vs. displacement records without a need for an on-line crack monitoring system. It was used previously to develop J-R curves for metallic materials and is applied here for the first time to polymer materials. Single edge notched bend specimens of rubber toughened nylon 6/6 and rubber toughened amorphous nylon are used in this study. The J-R curves from the method of normalization are compared with the results obtained from the multiple specimen method of ASTM Standard E813. The results show that the method of normalization gives reasonable J-R curves; both methods show agreement over the early J-R curve region. In addition the JIc values are determined for each method and compared. Based on this work it is suggested that the method of normalization could be used as a general test method to develop J-R curves for polymeric materials.
Synthesis and structural determination of two triphenyltin thiosalicylates

Two structurally different triphenyltin complexes of thiosalicylic acid were obtained depending on the amine used. Bis(triphenyltin) thiosalicylate was obtained when diethylamine was used while dicyclohexylammonium thiosalicylatotriphenylstannate resulted with dicyclohexylamine. Their structures have been characterized by IR and multi-nuclear (1H, 13C, 119Sn) NMR spectroscopies. In the solid state, both tins in the bis(triphenyltin) thiosalicylate complex are four-coordinate while the tin in dicyclohexylammonium thiosalicylatetriphenylstannate is five-coordinate. However, in solution, dissociation occurs in the dicyclohexylammonium thiosalicylatotriphenylstannate complex reducing the coordination of tin to four. The coordination of the tin atoms in the two triphenyltin complexes is confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies.
Uncovering middle managers' role in healthcare innovation implementation

Middle managers have received little attention in extant health services research, yet they may have a key role in healthcare innovation implementation. The gap between evidence of effective care and practice may be attributed in part to poor healthcare innovation implementation. Investigating middle managers' role in healthcare innovation implementation may reveal an opportunity for improvement. In this paper, we present a theory of middle managers' role in healthcare innovation implementation to fill the gap in the literature and to stimulate research that empirically examines middle managers' influence on innovation implementation in healthcare organizations. Extant healthcare innovation implementation research has primarily focused on the roles of physicians and top managers. Largely overlooked is the role of middle managers. We suggest that middle managers influence healthcare innovation implementation by diffusing information, synthesizing information, mediating between strategy and day-to-day activities, and selling innovation implementation. Teamwork designs have become popular in healthcare organizations. Because middle managers oversee these team initiatives, their potential to influence innovation implementation has grown. Future research should investigate middle managers' role in healthcare innovation implementation. Findings may aid top managers in leveraging middle managers' influence to improve the effectiveness of healthcare innovation implementation.
The diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with myocardial perfusion imaging

A 67-year-old male with a history of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus type 2, obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity was referred for evaluation of an abnormal ECG. At presentation, the patient was asymptomatic and denied prior cardiac symptoms. Resting 12-lead ECG demonstrated marked ST and T-wave abnormalities consistent with anterolateral ischaemia (Figure 1A). On single-photon emission CT myocardial perfusion (SPECT) wall motion images, the left ventricular chamber was noted to have a peculiar ‘spade-shaped’ contour (Figure 1B,C, online supplementary media clip 1). …
Relationships among Athletic Identity, Coping Skills, Social Support, and the Psychological Impact of Injury in Recreational Participants

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to examine athletic identity, coping skills, and social support as moderators of mood disturbance and physical self-esteem with the occurrence of injury in recreational participants. Thirty participants, who sustained an injury that prohibited physical activity for at least 6 weeks, completed a battery of questionnaires including measures of social support (Sarason, Levine, Basham, & Sarason, 1983), coping skills (Smith, Smoll, & Ptacek, 1990), athletic identity (Brewer, Van Raalte, & Linder, 1993), mood state (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1971), and physical self-esteem (Fox & Corbin, 1989). Results from multiple regression analysis revealed that individuals' satisfaction with their social support network was significantly related to mood disturbance with increased satisfaction leading to lower levels of mood disturbance. No other relationships were significant. Results are discussed within the context of cognitive appraisal models of adjustment in ord...
A method of measuring noise and detecting glitches in magnet power supplies at the APS storage ring

Goals for Advanced Photon Source reliability and orbit stability make it important to quickly identify and replace individual converters that may glitch or have relatively noisy output. The many converters involved and the limitations of the standard EPICS control interface makes it difficult to detect these converters. This paper presents our approach for quantifying noise and identifying glitches in individual converters. Implementation of the algorithms in the local power supply controller is addressed with concern for resource limitations such as bandwidth, sampling rate, and processing power.
Designing pulmonary arterial hypertension trials for detecting change in right ventricular function using cardiovascular magnetic resonance: what is the appropriate sample size?

Background Right ventricular (RV) failure is a major complication of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately quantify RV volume and function. Short-term changes in CMR measurements of RV size and function in PAH patients on individualized therapy have not been extensively studied; therefore, the required sample size for detecting a certain change in RV size and function in response to therapy is unknown. This study was designed to (1) assess changes in RV size and function in patients on individualized PAH treatment, and (2) to estimate sample sizes needed to detect a change in RV function in future PAH drug trials without discontinuing standard therapy.
The Mission and Dialogue of Encounter

In the past two centuries, the Algerian church has witnessed a number of Christians who have demonstrated that gospel living requires promoting peace and respect for all people. The stories of the Trappists of Staoueli, Charles de Foucauld, Leon Duval, Christian de Cherge, and the Trappists of Tibhirine indicate in various ways that mission and dialogue entail loving encounter of one’s neighbor in concrete ways in the daily interactions of life. Their legacy finds expression in some contemporary views on missiology.
Sulfate status in soil solution and in surficial groundwater of sandy soils under citriculture 1

Abstract Sulfate status in soil solution at various depths in the vadose zone and in surficial groundwater were evaluated in sandy soils under intensive citrus production in central Florida. Sulfate in the vadose zone was evaluated using soil solution sampled from suction lysimeters at 60, 120, and 240 cm depths. Sulfate distribution and movement in the soil profile were closely monitored following the fertilizer application by weekly profile soil sampling up to the depth of soil groundwater interface. Sulfate status was evaluated by sampling the surficial aquifer either using a monitor well at the top 150 cm depth or using a multi‐level sampler at 60 cm intervals at the top 600 cm depth. The sulfate concentrations in the soil solution occasionally exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL), i.e., 500 mg SO4 ‐2 L‐1 Soil profile sulfate distribution data indicated rapid downward movement of sulfate following the application of fertilizer mixture containing sulfate as sulfate of potash magnesia. However, ...
The Boston Case of Charles Merrill Mount: The Archivist's Arch Enemy

The theft of valuable letters and documents by Charles Merrill Mount from the Library of Congress Manuscript Division and the National Archives and Records Administration brings to the forefront, once again, the question of collection security in our nation's archives. This study examines the Mount case and shows how the government was able to prove the charges of interstate transportation of stolen property against him. It suggests possible failures in the security systems of these two institutions and the subsequent changes they have made.
Ovicidal activity of noviflumuron when fed to adult German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).

Ovicidal activity of the benzoylphenylurea noviflumuron was evaluated in the laboratory on three adult groups (virgin females, virgin males, and fertilized, nongravid females) of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), through ingestion of treated bait. Noviflumuron caused significant ovicidal effects at concentrations ranging from 10 to 5,000 ppm after 5-d feeding exposure to virgin and fertilized females. Untreated females produced little or no viable oothecae when mated with virgin males that had previously ingested bait (5-d exposure) with 1,000 ppm or 5,000 ppm noviflumuron. The highest tested concentration of noviflumuron (5,000 ppm) caused 100% ovicidal activity through two ovarian cycles for all three adult groups. Noviflumuron seems to have broader ovicidal activity against B. germanica than reported for other benzoylphenylurea insecticides and can potentially impact cockroach populations through a combination of nymphal mortality and ovicidal activity.
Biotransformations of Mercury Compounds

The ability of bacteria to convert inorganic and organic mercury compounds to less toxic, volatile elemental mercury is among the most widely found plasmid-determined bacterial phenotypes. It is the best understood microbial metal transformation at levels of analysis from molecular genetics and biochemistry to population biology (4, 14). Mercury compounds are important contaminants in some environmental sites.
Person or Property? On the Legal Nature of the Bankruptcy Estate

This article addresses the legal nature of the bankruptcy estate: whether the bankruptcy estate is a collection of property interests, like the traditional conception of a decedent's estate, or whether the estate is the legal person in which such property interests vest, analogous to a corporation, a partnership, or an individual. The legal nature of the bankruptcy estate becomes most important when a corporation which files a chapter 11 petition becomes a debtor in possession. Suppose Acme Corporation files a chapter 11 bankruptcy petition and becomes a debtor in possession; Acme's property becomes the bankruptcy estate. What is Acme Corporation's current relationship to its property? Under what I will call the "property view," that property remains vested in Acme Corporation, a corporation in bankruptcy, with Acme subject to new rights and obligations as a debtor in possession. Under what I will call the "new person view," the commencement of the bankruptcy case (1) creates a new legal person, the Acme Estate, (2) causes Acme Corporation's property to be transferred from Acme Corporation to the Acme Estate, and (3) places Acme Corporation, the debtor in possession, as representative of the Acme Estate. The new person view is actually a new variant of a rather metaphysical legal doctrine, the "new entity" view. Part I examines relevant provisions of the Code and the tax laws, and concludes that the statutory support for the new person view is, at best, ambiguous. Part II discusses executory contracts, the area of bankruptcy law in which the new person view, and its predecessor, the new entity view, developed. Part III examines the effects of the new person view on analysis of corporate governance issues and the appropriate use of the corporate powers of the debtor during bankruptcy. Part IV turns from doctrinal analysis to legal theory and discusses whether the new person view is necessary for a noneconomic theory of bankruptcy.
No Matter What: The Inevitability of Mexican-US Migration and its Lessons for Border Control Strategies

Since the mid 1980s, immigration reform has always included a mix of increased access to legal status for undocumented workers and escalation of border enforcement strategies. Recent events including the economic recession and Arizona’s passage of its own immigration enforcement regime have brought the border enforcement strategies more squarely into the public debate. Unfortunately, the debate continues to be grounded in the unsupported assumption that increased enforcement measures will decrease the number of unauthorized migrants that enter the country each year. This article critiques that assumption and argues instead that immigration policy must be seen in a larger context of international development, economic integration and historical ties between the U.S. and Mexico in particular. The article traces the work of several sociologists documenting the highly durable reasons that people migrate to the United States and the enduring patterns of migration despite enormous investments in border enforcement and despite the dangers migrants face in crossing the U.S. border. It concludes based on this work that the U.S. must shift away from traditional notions of sovereignty that have require defense of the border to the exclusion of all other concerns and move towards a more comprehensive approach that de-centers sovereignty and focuses on the economic and social concerns that force people to migrate in the first place.
MRI evaluation prior to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI): When to acquire and how to interpret

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is increasingly being used in patients with severe aortic stenosis who are not candidates for surgery. ECG-gated CT angiography (CTA) plays an important role in the preoperative planning for these devices. As the number of patients undergoing these procedures increases, a subset of patients is being recognized who have contraindications to iodinated contrast medium, either due to a prior severe allergic type reaction or poor renal function. Another subgroup of patients with low flow and low gradient aortic stenosis is being recognized that are usually assessed for severity of aortic stenosis by stress echocardiography. There are contraindications to stress echocardiography and some of these patients may not be able to undergo this test. Non-contrast MRI can be a useful emerging modality for evaluating these patients. In this article, we discuss the emerging indications of non-contrast MRI in preoperative assessment for TAVI and describe the commonly used MRI sequences. A comparison of the most important measurements obtained for TAVI assessment on CTA and MRI from same subjects is included. Teaching Points • MRI can be used for preoperative assessment of aortic annulus. • MRI is an alternate to CTA when iodinated contrast is contraindicated. • Measurements obtained by non-contrast MRI are similar to contrast enhanced CTA. • MRI can be used to assess severity of aortic stenosis.
Simultaneous Correlation of Multiple Well Logs

Well log correlation is an important step in geophysical interpretation, but as the number of wells increases, so does the complexity of the correlation process. We propose a new method for automatic and simultaneous well log correlation that provides a globally optimal alignment of all logs, and in addition, is relatively insensitive to large measurement errors common in well logs. First, for any number of well logs, we use a new variant of the dynamic warping method, requiring no prior geologic information, to find for each pair of logs a set of corresponding depths. Depths in one log may have one or more corresponding depths in another log, and many such pairs of corresponding depths can be found for any pair of well logs. Requiring consistency among all such pair-wise correlations gives rise to an overdetermined system of linear equations, with unknown depth shifts to be computed for each log sample. A least-squares solution of these equations, found using the conjugate gradient method, yields for every well log a sequence of depth shifts that optimally align all well logs.
IGF-1R Expression in Normal Breast Tissue, Benign, Proliferative, In-Situ Breast Lesions, and Invasive Breast Carcinoma.

There is dearth of studies analyzing IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry in breast carcinoma. This biomarker analysis will be important for pharmacologic interventions that target the IGF system.IGF-1R expression pattern was first analyzed in normal breast tissue and a variety of breast lesions (71 diagnoses from 35 patients), followed by analysis in 191 invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs) represented with 3-fold redundancy on tissue microarrays. The IBCs were classified using immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogate (to molecular classes) markers-estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2. ER and PR were scored using a semi-quantitative H-score like scoring method with a dynamic range of 0-300. An H-score of >10 was considered as positive result and an H-score of 200 or higher was considered as strongly positive. HER2 was considered positive only if 3+ by IHC or amplified (HER2 to chromosome 17 ratio of >2.2) by FISH. The tumors were divided in 6 groups as follows: luminal A (LUMA; strong ER+, any PR, HER2 negative); luminal B (LUMB; weak/moderate ER+ or PR+, HER2 negative); triple negative (TN; ER and PR negative, HER2 negative); ERBB2 (ER and PR negative, HER2+); luminal A-HER2 hybrid (LAHH; strong ER+, any PR, HER2+); luminal B-HER2 positive (LBHH; weak/moderate ER+ or PR+, HER2+). IGF-1R expression was also semi-quantified using an H-score like method but with a dynamic range of 0-400.IGF-1R is expressed at moderate level in normal breast tissue (mean score of 197, median of 200 and stdev of 8). Therefore, normal expression (NE) was defined as IGF-1R IHC scores between 150 and 250, with low expression (LE) below 150 and overexpression (OE) greater than 250. IGF-1R expression in benign, proliferative and in-situ lesions is shown in table 1 and expression level in IBCs is shown in table 2. IGF-1R expression levels among different molecular classes were statistically assessed using chi-square test (SPSS software version 16.0). IGF-1R is differentially expressed in breast cancer molecular classes as determined by IHC (p value Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3051.
Advances in FCC Stripper Technology

The progress in FCC stripper,including the flowing behavior of gas-solid in baffles stripper,annular stripper and packing stripper,was introduced.The characterization of gas-solid flowing in the annular stripper and packing stripper were introduced,and the reason they were prior to baffles stripper was given.Due to reducing coke burning amount at high catalyst flux,packing stripper was fit for oil becoming heavier and olefin producing via FCC.
The Orbit of X Persei and Its Neutron Star Companion

We have observed the Be/X-ray pulsar binary system X Per/4U 0352+30 on 61 occasions spanning an interval of 600 days with the PCA instrument on board the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). Pulse timing analyses of the 837 s pulsations yield strong evidence for the presence of orbital Doppler delays. We confirm the Doppler delays by using measurements made with the All Sky Monitor (ASM) on RXTE. We infer that the orbit is characterized by a period Porb = 250 days, a projected semimajor axis of the neutron star ax sin i = 454 lt-s, a mass function f(M) = 1.61 M?, and a modest eccentricity e = 0.11. The measured orbital parameters, together with the known properties of the classical Be star X Per, imply a semimajor axis a = 1.8-2.2 AU and an orbital inclination i ~ 26?-33?. We discuss the formation of the system in the context of the standard evolutionary scenario for Be/X-ray binaries. We find that the system most likely formed from a pair of massive progenitor stars and probably involved a quasi-stable and nearly conservative transfer of mass from the primary to the secondary. We find that the He star remnant of the primary most likely had a mass 6 M? after mass transfer. If the supernova explosion was completely symmetric, then the present orbital eccentricity indicates that 4 M? was ejected from the binary. If, on the other hand, the neutron star received at birth a kick of the type often inferred from the velocity distribution of isolated radio pulsars, then the resultant orbital eccentricity would likely have been substantially larger than 0.11. We have carried out a Monte Carlo study of the effects of such natal kicks and find that there is less than a 1% probability of a system like that of X Per forming with an orbital eccentricity e 0.11. We speculate that there may be a substantial population of neutron stars formed with little or no kick. Finally, we discuss the connected topics of the wide orbit and accretion by the neutron star from a stellar wind.