cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TELEVISION ROLE MODELS AND ADOLESCENT OCCUPATIONAL GOALS

Editor's Note: With this issue we begin a new section of HCR which is devoted to brief reports of research. This section is devoted to research which is designed to replicate previous work, papers which report new measures for which insufficient validity data are yet available, and studies which are meaningful but do not permit major advancement of communication theory. “Brief Reports” are held accountable for both conceptual and methodological adequacy and are reviewed by the regular HCR editorial board. Submission requires that the author provide a full-length paper for editorial review and, should the paper be accepted for publication, provide copies of the full paper to HCR readers who request same. Submission of ‘Brief Reports’ is actively encouraged by the editor. For submission guidelines, see the Fall 1978 issue of HCR (vol. 5, pp. 2–3).
Effect of subchronic administration of methyl parathion on in vivo protein synthesis in pregnant rats and their conceptuses.

Abstract Pregnant rats received daily po doses of the organophosphate methyl parathion (MPTH) from Day 6 through Day 15 or 19 of gestation at doses causing no (1.0 mg/kg) or minimal (1.5 mg/kg) signs of maternal toxicity. Following the dose of MPTH on Day 15 or 19, in vivo protein synthesis was measured 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 hr after sc injection of l -[1- 14 C]valine at a dose of 5 μCi/mmol/100 g body wt. The specific activity of [ 14 C]valine in the free amino acid pool and protein bound pool was significantly reduced in various regions of maternal brain and in maternal viscera, placenta, and whole embryos (Day 15), and in fetal brain and viscera (Day 19). The inhibitory effect of MPTH on net protein synthesis was dose dependent, greater on Day 19 than 15 of gestation and more pronounced in fetal than in maternal tissues.
β-adrenergic control of cell volume and chloride transport in an established rat submandibular cell line

Rat submandibular cells treated with methylcholanthrene are able to be propagated in continuous culture while retaining beta-adrenergic responsiveness. A specific clone, RSMT-A5, has been isolated and studied in detail. RSMT-A5 cells possess beta-adrenergic receptors (BARS) as judged by [3H]-dihydroalprenolol ([3H]-DHA) binding studies. [3H]-DHA binds to RSMT-A5 membranes in a specific and saturable manner with respect to time and [3H]-DHA concentration. Specific binding is saturable within three min of incubation, and a Scatchard analysis reveals a single class of high affinity binding sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.62 +/- 0.03 nM and a receptor density of 101 +/- 4 fmole/mg protein. Antagonist competition studies indicate that the BARs are primarily of the beta 2-subtype. The BARs are functional since isoproterenol stimulation results in an increased intracellular cAMP content, marked morphological change, and decreased cell volume and chloride content. These same responses can be evoked by treating RSMT-A5 cells with 8-bromo-cAMP. Ion transport inhibitors such as bumetanide (an inhibitor of Na/K/Cl cotransport), SITS and DIDS (inhibitors of chloride-bicarbonate exchange), amiloride (an inhibitor of Na-H exchange), ouabain (an inhibitor of Na/K-ATPase), and dipyridamole and 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (chloride channel blockers) fail to inhibit the isoproterenol-stimulated change in chloride content. The effects of either isoproterenol or 8-bromo-cAMP on both chloride content and cell volume can be inhibited by the chloride channel blocker N-phenylanthranilic acid, however. Taken together, our results indicate that RSMT-A5 cells possess a beta-adrenergic receptor system which controls intracellular volume and chloride content by modulating transport processes that are 1) cAMP-responsive and 2) inhibitable by the putative chloride channel blocker N-phenylanthranilic acid.
Primary meningococcal pneumonia diagnosed by pleural fluid culture.

Sir .—Primary pneumonia due to Neisseria meningitidis is infrequently reported in the pediatric population. The diagnosis is difficult because of the inability of children to expectorate adequate sputum specimens. Of the pediatric patients described in the recent literature, two were adolescents who had meningococci isolated from expectorated sputum, 1,2 and two were infants with alveolar infiltrates on chest roentgenograms and blood cultures that yielded the organism. 3 I recently saw in consultation a child who had group B meningococcal pneumonia, with the organism isolated from a small pleural effusion. Patient Report .—The patient was a previously healthy 4⅓-year-old boy with a three-week history of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and a nonproductive cough. He presented to the emergency room with fever and tachypnea. His medical history was noncontributory. A physical examination showed a tired and pale youngster with a temperature of 38.2 °C, a pulse rate of 120 beats per
Xyleborus glabratus attacks and systemic colonization by Raffaelea lauricola associated with dieback of Cinnamomum camphora in the southeastern United States

Summary Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, is responsible for extensive mortality of redbay and other American members of the Lauraceae in the southeastern United States. Raffaelea lauricola is a mycangial symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus), and the beetle and fungus were accidentally introduced from Asia. Branch dieback of camphortree (Cinnamomum camphora), an Asian member of the Lauraceae, has been occasionally observed in areas where laurel wilt has decimated redbay populations, and R. lauricola was isolated from such camphortrees. However, the role of X. glabratus and R. lauricola in this branch dieback remains unclear. Examination of camphortrees on Jekyll Island, Georgia showed that healthy-appearing trees and those with branch dieback had been attacked by X. glabratus, but the trees with branch dieback had four times as many beetle attacks. Raffaelea lauricola was routinely isolated from discoloured xylem near beetle tunnels in healthy trees and those with dieback. Single-point inoculations with R. lauricola on stems of mature, healthy camphortree trees failed to induce wilt-like symptoms or branch dieback, although areas of discoloration were scattered throughout the xylem, and R. lauricola was reisolated irregularly at various heights in some inoculated trees. In growth chamber experiments, single-point inoculations with R. lauricola resulted in systemic colonization but no wilt symptoms or branch dieback in camphortree saplings. In contrast, inoculations at multiple points along the stem (simulating multiple attacks by the vector) caused branch dieback and wilt-like symptoms, including a brownish, diffuse discoloration of the xylem. Camphortree appears to be more resistant than American species of Lauraceae to the vascular wilt caused by R. lauricola. The fungus does colonize camphortrees systemically, however, and can apparently cause branch dieback. This suggests that the fungus may provide brood material for X. glabratus in Asia as it does in the southeastern United States.
Guns, Murder, and Plausibility: Can Historians Trust the LaFree Hypothesis?

The most astonishing item in Randolph Roth's massive new book, American Homicide, is not encountered until pages 450–51. Here the reader comes across figures 9.4 and 9.5, the author's usefully tabu...
New Concepts Used In The Murchison Field Submerged Production System

New concepts were used to install three satellite subsea wells at Conoco's Murchison field, located in 510 feet of water in the North Sea. Originally drilled as exploratory wells, they were re-entered and completed. The sequence of events in bringing the wells to production incorporate the following concepts: Completion with dual 3/one-half/sub d/ouble prime/ tubing retrievable safety valves inside 9 5/8/double prime/-47 pound casing; subsea controllers were not used; flowline bundles were constructed onshore and towed below the surface 264 miles to the field; six high-pressure lines were connected at one time using metal to metal gaskets while the flowline bundle was buoyant nine feet off the seafloor. Production from two satellite subsea wells demonstrated the viability of using exploratory wells for field development.
Molecular clones of endogenous murine leukemia virus-related DNA sequences from Balb/c mice: Characterization of integration sites

Abstract Eight recombinant DNA clones of endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related DNA sequences have been isolated from a lambdaphage genomic library of Balb/c mouse DNA. Each clone contains LTR (long terminal repeat) and gag -related sequences, as well as 5′ cellular DNA sequences. The virus-related sequences in each clone show an organization similar to that of integrated proviruses; those clones with the greatest length of MuLV-related sequences also contain pol and env gene-related sequences. One clone appears to contain an intact endogenous provirus. Unique cellular DNA segments from three of these clones were subcloned and used as specific “integration site” hybridization probes. Restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were observed for these integration sites in the DNA of a number of different inbred mouse strains. One provirus-containing fragment was observed only in Balb/c mice while two others were observed in some but not all of the inbred mouse strains tested. Further restriction enzyme mapping of these three loci in the genomic DNA of Balb/c and C3H/HeJ or C57BL/6 mice indicated that the observed RFLPs were due to the presence of proviral DNA sequences in the Balb/c strain at these three integration sites which were lacking in the other mouse strains. The strain distribution of these three provirus insertions suggests that the BE 1 and 7 proviruses were widely, although not universally, present among the progenitors of modern inbred mouse strains, while the BE 16 provirus may be a recent addition to the genome of Balb/c mice.
Phylogenetic relationships among the skunks: A molecular perspective

Phylogenetic relationships among the three recognized genera of skunks (Mephitis, Spilogale, andConepatus) were examined using allozymes and nucleotide sequence data from portions of the cytochromeb gene and displacement loop of the mitochondrial genome. The data sets indicated thatMephitis andSpilogale shared a common ancestor after they diverged fromConepatus. Intrageneric relationships revealed that the level of genetic divergence between the two species ofSpilogale was equal to the level of divergence between the two species ofMephitis, with the two North American species ofConepatus possessing the least amount of genetic divergence.
RR31. Peak Perioperative Troponin I Levels With The Revised Cardiac Risk Index Predict Outcomes Following Vascular Surgery

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative DynaCT (IODCT) to asses for successful aneurysm exclusion during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods: Patients with EVAR who underwent IODCT were retrospectively evaluated. IODCT was performed with the 8sDSA protocol using 10s contrast injection and a 20s image acquisition time on Artis zeego with syngo DynaCT (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany). Findings were compared with post-procedural multi slice detector CT (MDCT). 2D images and 3D post-processing reconstructions (Aquarius Workstation, TeraRecon, San Mateo, United States) were reviewed. Radiation dose was documented and contrast doses were compared between the two modalities. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired T-test. Results are expressed as mean standard error of the mean. Results: On table, completion IODCT was performed on 12 patients undergoing EVAR (one infrarenal, 2 juxtarenal, 9 thoracoabdominal) and 5 patients undergoing treatment for persistent endoleaks (2 type Ia, 3 type III). 12 cases did not show an endoleak on completion IODCT, and this was confirmed on follow-up MDCT. In 5 cases, IODCT detected an endoleak at the completion of the procedure (one type Ia, one type II and 3 type III endoleaks). Type I and III endoleaks were immediately treated and were not detected on follow-up MDCT. The type II endoleak was not visualized on follow-up MDCT. No branch occlusions, stent fractures or component separations were noted on IODCT, and this correlated with follow-up MDCT. Mean skin dose was 0.552Gy ( 0.0099) for IODCT and dose length product was 2.665 Gy*cm ( 0.200) for MDCT. Mean contrast dose was 40cc for IODCT compared to 105.29cc ( 26.248) for MDCT (p 0.001). Conclusions: IODCT is of sufficient quality to serve as an imaging modality for evaluating aneurysm exclusion in EVAR with lower contrast dose than MDCT. It could potentially replace the need for follow-up MDCT.
Synthesis and Characterization of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Carbon/Titania Nanoparticle Composites

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) carbon/titania nanoparticle composites were prepared in a program aimed at developing methods for assembling integrated multifunctional porous materials. The host material, 3DOM carbon, was synthesized by colloidal crystal templating with poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres, using a resorcinol−formaldehyde sol as a carbon source. This 3DOM support was pretreated with nitric acid to enhance the surface charge, and surface functional groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and acid−base titration. The modified support was then precoated with multiple layers of polyelectrolytes and finally coated with TiO2 nanoparticles using the hydrothermal reaction of an aqueous solution of titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide (TAL) at varying concentrations, temperatures, and reaction times. Higher hydrothermal reaction temperatures favored the formation of larger TiO2 crystallites. The coating thickness increased at higher titanium precu...
Sexual Dimorphism of Pancreatic β-Cell Degeneration in Transgenic Mice Expressing an Insulin-ras Hybrid Gene*

The human H-ras oncogene induces cell degeneration and diabetes when expressed in pancreatic beta-cells in transgenic mice. The disease develops predominantly in male mice between 5-8 months of age. Most transgenic female mice do not manifest this phenotype, even at much greater ages. However, ovariectomy induces female beta-cell degeneration similar to that in the males. In contrast, castration or the presence of the testicular feminization mutation do not alter the course of the disease in males. Treatment of males and ovariectomized females with estrogen prevents the development of diabetes. These results suggest that testicular androgens and a functional testosterone receptor are not required for the increased susceptibility of male beta-cells to the effects of the Ras oncoprotein, and that the relative resistance of female beta-cells is mediated by estrogen. In addition, a genetic component of female beta-cell resistance to Ras is revealed by crossing the transgenic mice with C3HeB/FeJ mice, which results in a pronounced increase in the incidence of female diabetes.
Quaternary uplift of the peruvian coast related to the subduction of the Nazca Ridge: 13.5 to 15.6 degrees south latitude

Abstract Marine terraces between 13.5 and 15.6°S. latitude on the Peruvian coast preserve a history of Quaternary sea-level fluctuations and forearc movement above the subducting Nazca Ridge. Field mapping and amino acid racemization/epimerization, electron spin resonance, radiocarbon, and uranium-series disequilibrium ages from mollusk shells from terrace deposits are used to define a marine terrace chronology. Terraces on the Peruvian coast formed during global high stands of Quaternary sea level, in a similar way to the marine terraces on the west coast of the United States, and Baja California, Mexico. A last interglacial marine terrace (125 ka) is preserved on nearly every terrace flight. Along the coast from northeast to southwest, each terrace varies in elevation because of variations in the rate of coastal uplift. Variations in uplift rate from northeast to southwest in the study area are explained by a simple geometric model in which the variables are the rate of plate convergence, morphology of the Nazca Ridge, and orientation of the ridge relative to the Peruvian coast. The oblique northeastward orientation of the ridge relative to the east-west direction of plate convergence results in a ca. 70 mm/yr southeastward migration of the zone of Nazca Ridge subduction beneath the Peruvian coast. The coastal area above the northern flank and crest of the Nazca Ridge is stable or has undergone net subsidence, while the coast above the ridge crest is rising at about 0.3 m/kyr. Above the southern flank of the Nazca Ridge, the coast is rising at a rate of ca. 0.5 m/kyr, the fastest rate determined from studies of marine terraces on the coasts of Peru and Chile. South of the influence of the Nazca Ridge, uplift rates are ⩽ 0.2 m/kyr. The pattern of faster uplift above the southern flank and slower uplift above the northern flank of the ridge is a predictable consequence of oblique ridge subduction.
Monotone method for second order periodic boundary value problems

IN RECENT years, there has been an extensive study of the existence of periodic solutions [l, S-11, 14, 151. In [8, 111, the existence of solutions of first and second order PBVP (period boundary value problems) has been obtained by a novel approach of combining the classical method of lower and upper solutions and the method of alternative problems (LyapunovSchmidt method), which provide conditions that are easily verifiable and which covers previous known results of other authors. As a constructive method for obtaining extremal solutions of initial and boundary value problems, the monotone iterative procedure has been employed by several researchers [5-7, 11-13, 151. The objective of this paper is to employ this useful technique for second order PBVP to obtain the minimal and maximal solutions as limits of monotone iterates. Our method can be used to study semilinear parabolic initial boundary value problems and other problems at resonance.
Hybrid Computing Techniques for Collaborative Control of UCAVs

This paper presents a new approach to collaborative control of multiple Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs) using hybrid soft and hard computing techniques. The approach develops a hierarchical architecture, which consists of four separate layers. The first layer describes the navigational system responsible for mission planning/re-planning, target priority, target distribution among individual UCAVs, and communication/collaboration between all UCAVs in the battlefield. The second layer describes the sensor fusion/definition on each individual UCAV. The third layer describes a fuzzy interpretation system (FIS) in which static and dynamic threat avoidance, and real-time path planning are outlined. The fourth and final layer contains the individual UCAV plant dynamics, autopilot, and navigation subsystem which accepts heading, altitude, and velocity commands. Extensive simulations are given to validate the proposed approach for any number of UCAVs flying in the battlefield.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
THE WORD “CERAMIC”*

Absrract A case is presented for wider acceptance of the word “ceramic” as a noun in the singular sense to complement the more common use of the word as a plural noun or singular adjective.
Zn2+ inhibition of recombinant GABAA receptors: an allosteric, state-dependent mechanism determined by the gamma-subunit.

1. The gamma-subunit in recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors reduces the sensitivity of GABA-triggered Cl- currents to inhibition by Zn2+ and transforms the apparent mechanism of antagonism from non-competitive to competitive. To investigate underlying receptor function we studied Zn2- effects on macroscopic and single-channel currents of recombinant alpha 1 beta 2 and alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 receptors expressed heterologously in HEK-293 cells using the patch-clamp technique and rapid solution changes. 2. Zn2+ present for > 60 s (constant) inhibited peak, GABA (5 microM)-triggered currents of alpha 1 beta 2 receptors in a concentration-dependent manner (inhibition equation parameters: concentration at half-amplitude (IC50) = 0.94 microM; slope related to Hill coefficient, S = 0.7) that was unaffected by GABA concentration. The gamma 2 subunit (alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 receptor) reduced Zn2+ sensitivity more than fiftyfold (IC50 = 51 microM, S = 0.86); increased GABA concentration (100 microM) antagonized inhibition by reducing apparent affinity (IC50 = 322 microM, S = 0.79). Zn2+ slowed macroscopic gating of alpha 1 beta 2 receptors by inducing a novel slow exponential component in the activation time course and suppressing a fast component of control desensitization. For alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 receptors, Zn2+ accelerated a fast component of apparent desensitization. 3. Zn2+ preincubations lasting up to 10 s markedly increased current depression and activation slowing of alpha 1 beta 2 receptors, but had little effect on currents from alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 receptors. 4. Steady-state fluctuation analysis of macroscopic alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 currents (n = 5) resulted in control (2 microM GABA) power density spectra that were fitted by a sum of two Lorentzian functions (relaxation times: 37 +/- 5.6 and 1.41 +/- 0.15 ms, means +/- S.E.M.). Zn2+ (200 microM) reduced the total power almost sixfold and accelerated the slow (23 +/- 2.8 ms, P < 0.05) without altering the fast (1.40 +/- 0.16 ms) relaxation time. The ratio (fast/slow) of Lorentzian areas was increased by Zn2+ (control, 3.39 +/- 0.55; Zn2+, 4.9 +/- 0.37, P < 0.05). 5. Zn2+ (500 microM) depression of previously activated current amplitudes (% control) for alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 receptors was independent of GABA concentration (5 microM, 13.2 +/- 0.72%; 100 microM, 12.2 +/- 2.9%, P < 0.8, n = 5). Both onset and offset inhibition time courses were biexponential. Onset rates were enhanced by Zn2+ concentration. Inhibition onset was also biexponential for preactivated alpha 1 beta 2 receptors with current depression more than fourfold less sensitive (5 microM GABA, IC50 = 3.8 microM, S = 0.84) relative to that in constant Zn2+. 6. The results lead us to propose a general model of Zn2+ inhibition of GABAA receptors in which Zn2+ binds to a single extracellular site, induces allosteric receptor inhibition involving two non-conducting states, site affinity is state-dependent, and the features of state dependence are determined by the gamma-subunit.
Current methodologies for translational bioinformatics

Since the completion of human and model organism genomes, integration of computational methods in biomedical research is accelerating and becomes an inexorable facet of the 21th century biomedical research. Translational bioinformatics, which aims at developing storage, analytic, and interpretive methods to optimize the transformation of increasingly voluminous biomolecular data into proactive, predictive, preventive and participatory health[1], has rapidly evolved from an emerging field into a complex multidisciplinary science intersecting with nearly all areas of biological, biomedical and clinical research. Indeed, molecular bioinformatics and clinical informatics plus statistical genetics and genomic medicine – the core areas of translational bioinformatics –jointly are enticed to play an ever-increasing role in accelerating the translation of knowledge discovery from genome-scale studies to hypothesis-driven biological modeling or effective treatment as well as tailored disease management or prevention.
Shared and Closed-Shell O−O Interactions in Silicates

Bond paths of maximum electron density spanning O−O edges shared between equivalent or quasiequivalent MOn (n > 4) coordination polyhedra are not uncommon electron density features displayed by silicates. On the basis of the positive values for the local electronic energy density, H(rc), at the bond critical points, rc, they qualify as weak “closed-shell” interactions. As observed for M−O bonded interactions (M = first and second row metal atoms), the electron density, ρ(rc), and the Laplacian of the electron density increase in a regular way as the separation between the O atoms, R(O−O), decreases. A simple model, based on R(O−O) and the distances of the Si atoms from the midpoint between adjacent pairs of O atoms, partitions the O−O bond paths in the high-pressure silica polymorph coesite into two largely disjoint domains, one with and one without bond paths. The occurrence of O−O bond paths shared in common between equivalent coordination polyhedra suggests that they may be grounded in some cases on fa...
A game model of ASEAN trade liberalization

This paper presents a descriptive game model of economic cooperation in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN's members appear in the game as Bayesian players, who maximize expected national welfare and who revise their expectations on the basis of new information. A payoff matrix is constructed through a comparative historical analysis of the players' perceptions of two different policy alternatives: one to liberalize trade quickly with across-the-board tariff cuts; the other to liberalize trade slowly on a commodity-by-commodity basis. The concept of risk dominance provides a solution to the game that explains why in 1977 ASEAN chose a joint strategy of slow trade liberalization. Payoffs revised on the basis of an analysis of events since 1977 yield a new solution that explains why ASEAN stepped up the pace of liberalization in 1987. The paper concludes with an analysis of implications for the future of trade liberalization in ASEAN, and puts forward a falsifiable hypothesis that trade liberalization within ASEAN may continue to accelerate.
Policy making for more effective academic advisement in two-year colleges

A state survey of all two-year colleges in New York focused on the assessment of academic advising in order to facilitate recommendations for institutional policy making. Questions were asked about pre-service training of academic advisers, in-service training of advisers, and the evaluation of advisers and the advising process. Responses were obtained to 10 literature-based statements using a six-point Likert-type scale. A zero-order correlation matrix and a common factor analysis showed relationships between and among variables. It was emphasized that there does not appear to be a single prescription for those institutions who wish to formulate policy for academic advisement.
Voice Disorders and Personality: Understanding Their Interactions

This article will address some of the theory and research in personality psychology that are used to answer questions associated with the relation between personality and voice disorders. The study...
An innovative approach to teaching resuscitation skills.

We report the impact of a monthly educational exercise for residents that emphasized practical skills and equipment usage rather than knowledge of advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols. Residents were divided into groups of approximately four that rotated through three stations. Each station included several objectives, most of which related to specific types of equipment. The exercise was held six times from July 2003 to June of 2004. Sixty-seven residents participated and completed a questionnaire prior to and following the exercise. The questionnaire elicited comfort level with basic tasks including using an automated external defibrillator (AED), attaching leads and paddles to read a cardiac rhythm, delivering unsynchronized shocks with monophasic and biphasic defibrillators and imple- menting the pacing function on a defibrillator. There were significant differences in the pre- and post-answers to each question. The largest difference was found in the question asking how comfortable participants were delivering unsynchronized shocks with a defibrillator. Importantly, responses for the question 'How comfortable are you being a code leader?' showed significant improvement. Simple skills such as attaching tubing to the oxygen tank, turning on the defibrillator and entering appropriate charge, or positioning paddles and monitor leads properly often caused significant difficulty. Cardiopulmonary arrests tend to generate anxiety among house staff, despite certification in ACLS and adequate knowledge of protocols. Exercises, such as the one presented here, will reduce anxiety by specifically addressing this skill. We conclude that residents benefit from additional teaching and practice in actual performance of basic skills used during cardiac arrests. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that comfort levels among house officers increase when they are given the opportunity to practice these skills.
Duality of Linear Input-Output Maps

This paper is concerned with the duality of linear input-output maps and makes precise in what sense the dual of a linear input-output map gives rise to a dual linear state-space system and how reachability and observability of the original system corresponds to observability and reachability of the dual system.
Rapid change in pulmonary vascular hemodynamics with pulmonary edema during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that pulmonary edema occurs in half of all pre-hospital cardiac arrest victims who cannot be successfully resuscitated and is a major cause of hypoxemia and poor lung compliance during resuscitation. Pulmonary vascular hypertension and elevation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure have been observed during cardiac resuscitation in humans. To further define the time course of the pulmonary hemodynamic changes, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAd) was measured on a computerized trend recorder prior to, during, and immediately after arrest in three adult patients. Prior to arrest, PADP was 20.9 ± 3.1 mm Hg. The PADP rose in all three patients by an average of 30.6% after 5–10 minutes and 71.3% after 10–15 minutes of CPR. Peak PADP reached 35.8 ± 5.1 mm Hg (difference from pre-arrest level significant, P
Evaluating a Science Diversity Program at UC Berkeley: More Questions than Answers.

For the past three decades, much attention has been focused on developing diversity programs designed to improve the academic success of underrepresented minorities, primarily in mathematics, science, and engineering. However, ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in science majors and careers. Over the last 10 years, the Biology Scholars Program (BSP), a diversity program at the University of California (UC), Berkeley, has worked to increase the participation and success of students majoring in the biological sciences. A quantitative comparison of students in and out of the program indicates that students in BSP graduate with a degree in biology at significantly higher rates than students not in BSP regardless of race/ethnicity. Furthermore, students who are in BSP have statistically lower high school grade point averages (GPAs) and Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT) scores than students not in BSP. African-American and Hispanic students who join BSP graduate with significantly higher UC Berkeley biology GPAs than non-BSP African-American and Hispanic students, respectively. Majority (Asian and White) students in BSP graduate with statistically similar UC GPAs despite having lower SAT scores than non-BSP majority students. Although BSP students are more successful in completing a biology degree than non-program members, the results raise a series of questions about why the program works and for whom.
Concave Minimization Via Collapsing Polytopes

We present a procedure for globally minimizing a concave function over a bounded polytope by successively minimizing the function over polytopes containing the feasible region, and collapsing to the feasible region. The initial containing polytope is a simplex, and, at the kth iteration, the procedure chooses the most promising vertex of the current containing polytope to refine the approximation. The method generates a tree whose ultimate terminal nodes coincide with the vertices of the feasible region, and accounts for the vertices of the containing polytopes.
The Content of Color Experience

According to the central thesis of Seeing, Doing, and Knowing, sensory systems are automatic sorting machines that classify distal stimuli for the purposes of physical manipulation and investigation. The results of this classificatory activity are changed associative dispositions and conscious memories. The book is a detailed working out of the implications of this thesis, with an emphasis on perception of color. The central thesis is important and the arguments for it persuasive. Moreover, the book is rilled with a host of fascinating detail. But an important feature of the account the relativity of colors, and sense features more generally, to actions or tasks leads to serious trouble. According to the account developed in Seeing, Doing, and Knowing, colors are sense features:
16 tesla Nb/sub 3/Sn dipole development at Texas A&M University

A 16 Tesla Nb/sub 3/Sn block-coil dual dipole is being developed to extend the available field strength for future hadron colliders. The design incorporates several novel features. Current programming of 3 independent coil elements is used to control all multipoles over a 20:1 dynamic range of dipole field. Stress management, comprising a lattice of ribs and plates integrated into the coil structure, is used to distribute preload and Lorentz forces so that the stress in the coil never exceeds 100 MPa. Distributed cooling, utilizing spring elements in each coil block, intercepts heat generated by synchrotron radiation and beam losses. Rectangular pancake coil geometry accommodates simple fabrication and direct preload in the direction of Lorentz forces. The bore diameter can be optimized for collider requirements (2.5 cm for 50 TeV/beam vs, 5 cm for 8 TeV/beam), so that a 16 Tesla block-coil dipole for 50 TeV/beam requires the same amount of superconductor/TeV as the 8.5 Tesla LHC dipole for 8 TeV/beam. A first model of the dipole is currently being built.
The perinexus: Sign-post on the path to a new model of cardiac conduction?

The perinexus is a recently identified microdomain surrounding the cardiac gap junction that contains elevated levels of connexin43 and the sodium channel protein, Nav1.5. Ongoing work has established a role for the perinexus in regulating gap junction aggregation. However, recent studies have raised the possibility of a perinexal contribution at the gap junction cleft to intercellular propagation of action potential via non-electrotonic mechanisms. The latter possibility could modify the current theoretical understanding of cardiac conduction, help explain paradoxical experimental findings, and open up entirely new avenues for antiarrhythmic therapy. We review recent structural insights into the perinexus and its potential novel functional role in cardiac-excitation spread, highlighting presently unanswered questions, the evidence for ephaptic conduction in the heart and how structural insights may help complete this picture.
Quantitative analysis of xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids in hops and beer by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A method for quantitation of six prenylflavonoids (xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, desmethylxanthohumol, 6- and 8-prenylnaringenins and 6-geranylnaringenin) in hops and beer by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed. The method allows direct analysis of beer and crude methanolic extracts of hops. After HPLC separation, prenylflavonoids were detected by positive ion multiple-reaction monitoring using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a heated nebulizer--atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. The accuracy and precision were evaluated by replicate analyses of (spiked) samples. Thirteen commercial beers were analysed with the method. Isoxanthohumol, formed by isomerization of xanthohumol during the brewing process, was the most abundant flavonoid in hopped beers, ranging from 0.04 to 3.44 mg/l.
Longitudinal study of intraneural perineurioma—a benign, focal hypertrophic neuropathy of youth

The natural history of intraneural perineurioma has been inadequately studied. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, electrophysiologic and imaging features and outcome of intraneural perineurioma. We ask if intraneural perineurioma is a pure motor syndrome that remains confined to one nerve and should be treated by surgical resection. We examined the nerve biopsies of cases labelled perineurioma and selected those with diagnostic features. Thirty-two patients were identified; 16 children and 16 adults; 16 males and 16 females. Median age of onset of neurological symptoms was 14 years (range 0.5-55 years) and median age at evaluation was 17 years (range 2-56 years). All patients had motor deficits; however, mild sensory symptoms or signs were experienced by 27 patients; 'prickling' or 'asleep numbness' in 20, mild pain in 13 and sensory loss in 23. The sciatic nerve or its branches was most commonly affected in 15, followed by brachial plexus, radial nerve and ulnar nerve (four each). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated nerve enlargement (29/32), T1 isointensity (27/32), T2 hyperintensity (25/32) and contrast enhancement (20/20). Diagnoses were made based on targeted biopsy of the focal nerve enlargement identified by imaging. Neurological impairment was of a moderate severity (median Neuropathy Impairment Score was 12 points, range 2-49 points). All patients had focal involvement with 27 involving one nerve and five involving a plexus (one bilateral). Long-term follow-up was possible by telephone interview for 23 patients (median 36 months, range 2-177 months). Twelve patients also had follow-up neurologic evaluation (median 45 months, range 10-247 months). The median Neuropathy Impairment Score had changed from 12.6 to 15.4 points (P = 0.19). In all cases, the distribution of neurologic findings remained unchanged. Median Dyck Disability Score was 3 (range 2-5) indicating a mild impairment without interfering with activities of daily living. Ten patients judged their symptoms unchanged, nine slightly worse and four slightly better. We conclude intraneural perineurioma is a benign hypertrophic (non onion bulb) peripheral nerve tumour that presents insidiously in young people and is motor predominant with mild sensory involvement. It is most often a mononeuropathy, but a plexopathy can occur. Diagnosis of this condition requires clinical suspicion, imaging, targeted fascicular biopsy of the lesion and expertise of nerve pathologists. As these tumours are static or slowly progressive, remain confined to their original distribution and have low morbidity, they probably should not be resected routinely. Because intensive evaluation is needed for diagnosis, intraneural perineurioma is probably under-recognized.
16x16 Multiuser MIMO Testbed Employing Simple Adaptive Modulation Scheme

Recently, the multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) system has attracted much attention as a technology that enhances the total system capacity by generating a virtual MIMO channel between a base station and multiple terminal stations. Although extensive evaluations are needed because the number of system parameters in MU-MIMO is much larger compared to the single user (SU)-MIMO, the performance of MU-MIMO in actual environments is still not well understood. This paper describes the features and effectiveness of a 16times16 multi-user (MU)- MIMO testbed in an actual indoor environment. Moreover, we propose a simple adaptive modulation scheme for MU-MIMO-OFDM transmission that employs a bit interleaver for the frequency and space domains. Finally, we evaluate the frequency efficiency by obtaining the bit error rate of this testbed in an actual indoor environment. We clarify that 16times4times4-user MU-MIMO transmission using the proposed modulation scheme achieves the frequency utilization of 870 Mbps and 1 Gbps (SNR: 31 and 36 dB) with 20 MHz bandwidth, respectively.
Influence of Thermally Induced Chemorheological Changes on the Inflation of Spherical Elastomeric Membranes

When an elastomeric material is deformed and subjected to temperatures above some chemorheological value Tcr (near 100°C for natural rubber), its macromolecular structure undergoes time and temperature dependent chemical changes. The process continues until the temperature decreases below Tcr. Compared to the virgin material, the new material system has modified properties (often a reduced stiffness) and permanent set on removal of the applied load. A recently proposed constitutive theory is used to study the influence of chemorheological changes on the inflation of an initially isotropic spherical rubber membrane. The membrane is inflated while at a temperature below Tcr. We then look at the pressure response assuming the sphere's radius is held fixed while the temperature is increased above Tcr for a period of time and then returned to its original value. The inflation pressure during this process is expressed in terms of the temperature, representing entropic stiffening of the elastomer, and a time dependent property that represents the kinetics of the chemorheological change in the elastomer. When the membrane has been returned to its original temperature, it is shown to have a permanent set and a modified pressure-inflated radius relation. Their dependence on the initial inflated radius, material properties and kinetics of chemorheological change is studied when the underlying elastomeric networks are neo-Hookean or Mooney–Rivlin.
Optimum pre- and postfilters for quantization

We consider the optimization of pre- and post filters surrounding a uniform quantizer such that the mean square error due to quantization is minimized. Unlike some previous work, the postfilter is not restricted to be the inverse of the prefilter. With no order constraint on the filters, we present closed form solutions for the optimum pre- and post filters. Using these optimum solutions, we obtain a coding gain expression for the system under study. We then repeat the same analysis with first order pre- and post filters in the form 1+/spl alpha/z/sup -1/ and 1/(1+/spl gamma/z/sup -1/) providing some examples where we compare coding gain performance with the case of /spl alpha/=/spl gamma/.
Management of Penetrating Trauma to the Soft Palate: A Case Report

Patients with penetrating intraoral injuries are seen in emergency departments and are referred to oral and maxillofacial surgeons for evaluation and management. The pediatric population is especially prone to such injuries because of developing motor coordination and the propensity to place objects in the mouth. 1,2 Recognizing the proximity of vital anatomic structures to the oral cavity, clinicians should have a high suspicion to vigilantly rule out potential adverse, even catastrophic sequelae from penetrating oral injuries. 3,4 A case is presented of a pediatric patient who sustained a penetrating injury to the soft palate with an antenna from a toy car. A treatment protocol, with a recommended algorithm, is provided.
Quantitative imaging using genetically encoded sensors for small molecules in plants

Summary Quantitative imaging in live cells is a powerful method for monitoring the dynamics of biomolecules at an excellent spatio-temporal resolution. Such an approach, initially limited to a small number of substrates for which specific dyes were available, has become possible for a large number of biomolecules due to the development of genetically encoded, protein-based sensors. These sensors, which can be introduced into live cells through a transgenic approach, offer the benefits of quantitative imaging, with an extra advantage of non-invasiveness. In the past decade there has been a drastic expansion in the number of biomolecules for which genetically encoded sensors are available, and the functional properties of existing sensors are being improved at a dramatic pace. A number of technical improvements have now made the application of genetically encoded sensors in plants rather straightforward, and some of the sensors such as calcium indicator proteins have become standard analytical tools in many plant laboratories. The use of a handful of probes has already revealed an amazing specificity of cellular biomolecule dynamics in plants, which leads us to believe that there are many more discoveries to be made using genetically encoded sensors. In this short review, we will summarize the progress made in the past 15 years in the development in genetically encoded sensors, and highlight significant discoveries made in plant biology.
A Perspective on Multi-scale Simulation: Toward Understanding Water-silica

We discuss the conceptual and practical developments that evolved over the past seven-plus years when our multidisciplinary team took on the challenge of understanding a single complex system – water and silica – through multi-scale modeling and simulation. The discussion provides the context for the ten contributions, from various groupings of the team, that make this coordinated special issue. In the evolution of our project, we have come to appreciate the need for a framework that essentially defines the intellectual basis of computational science. We have found that the usual utilitarian notion of simulation is lacking a conceptual counterpart: by itself, it does not address the scientific challenge of analyzing complex phenomena, such as chemo-mechanical processes, across various length scales. The problem of water and silica is prototypical with regard to many complex systems of current interest. In them, the effects of chemical activity and dynamical stress are involved simultaneously and essentially. This essential dependence presents opportunities for a multi-scale strategy that combines quantum and classical methods of simulation. As often is the case with “obvious” approaches, one encounters many subtle aspects. We summarize the issues we have encountered, thus laying the ground work for the detailed topical papers that follow.
Who Is a Mentor? A Review of Evolving Definitions and Implications for Research

The authors’ review of the mentoring literature describes how the construct has changed since Kram’s influential work in the early 1980s, the implications of such changes for the field, and suggestions for the future. In addition to highlighting changes over time in the topics mentoring researchers have studied, the authors provide an in-depth review of the way researchers have defined mentoring and the implications of those definitions. They identified approximately 40 different definitions used in the empirical literature since 1980. The discussion of definitions is followed by a delineation of the core attributes of all mentoring relationships and recommendations for specific information that researchers should collect about the relationship. The authors conclude by describing research trends and directions for future mentoring research.
Sensitivity of meiotic yeast cells to ultraviolet light

ABSTRACT Sporulating cells of Szccharomyces cereuisiae show an increasing sensitivity to ultraviolet irradiation. Maximum sensitivity is reached at a time comparable to meiotic prophase. Sensitivity is expressed as reduced sporulation after the irradiation. The uv effect can be efficiently reversed by photoreactivating light. Viability is also morc severely affected during premeiotic DNA synthesis and during meiosis than in earlier stages in sporulation. Cells left in sporulation medium after the irradiation show a reduced viability compared with the cells plated immediately after the irradiation. Non-sporulating diploids do not acquire sensitivity when exposed to sporulation medium, hence the sensitivity is related to the sporulation process. That meiosis itself is affected, rather than spore formation alone, is evident from experiments in which the uv irradiation interferes with the uncovering of a recessive marker and with commitment to meiosis. It is proposed that during meiotic prophase, the DNA repair system is different from that found in vegetative cells.