cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Applications and Interactions

Diverse applications of algebraic theories have already been offered in the text and exercises. In this chapter we present a detailed account of some interactions between algebraic theories and problems originating in topological dynamics and in automata theory. The latter is at the forefront of the research frontier.
Magnetic field line braiding in the solar atmosphere

Using a magnetic carpet as model for the near surface solar magnetic field we study its effects on the propagation of energy injectected by photospheric footpoint motions. Such a magnetic carpet structure is topologically highly non-trivial and with its magnetic nulls exhibits qualitatively different behavior than simpler magnetic fields. We show that the presence of magnetic fields connecting back to the photosphere inhibits the propagation of energy into higher layers of the solar atmosphere, like the solar corona. By applying certain types of footpoint motions the magnetic field topology is is greatly reduced through magnetic field reconnection which facilitates the propagation of energy and disturbances from the photosphere.
Predicting toll-like receptor structures and characterizing ligand binding

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-binding domains comprise 18-25 tandem copies of a 24-residue motif known as the leucine-rich repeat (LRR). Unlike other LRR proteins, TLRs contain significant numbers of non-consensus LRR sequences, which makes their identification by computer domain search programs problematic. Here, we provide methods for identifying non-consensus LRRs. Using the location of these LRRs, hypothetical models are constructed based on the known molecular structures of homologous LRR proteins. However, when a hypothetical model for TLR3 is compared with the molecular structure solved by x-ray crystallography, the solenoid curvature, planarity, and conformations of the LRR insertions are incorrectly predicted. These differences illustrate how non-consensus LRR motifs influence TLR structure. Since the determination of molecular structures by crystallography requires substantial amounts of protein, we describe methods for producing milligram amounts of TLR3 extracellular domain (ECD) protein. The recombinant TLR3-ECD previously used to solve the molecular structure of TLR3-ECD has also been used to study the binding of TLR3-ECD to its ligand, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In the last section, we describe the preparation of defined TLR3 ligands and present methods for characterizing their interaction with TLR3-ECD.
Theory and Practice: An Unsteady Dichotomy?

The traditional problem of the relation of theory and practice runs strongly through Lewis Feuer’s work. It surfaces particularly in specific studies where he gives us striking explanatory revelations. Throughout the decades of the now receding ‘Age of Analysis’ he pursued genetic inquiry into ideas, coming, by repeated researched examples, to grips with the dominant isolation of philosophical ideas as if they could be dealt with purely in their own theoretical terms without reference to sources, functions and consequences in the circumambient life. Much of this work is intellectually liberating. For example, in his early dealing with Marxian theory, in the midst of efforts to locate determinisms of ideas, he offered instead the analysis that the economic is the problem-generating factor, leaving ample room for other influences to bend the ideas proposed to resolve the problems at issue. In the case of Freud, when the philosophical atmosphere was most oppressive, Feuer not only looked for an emotional decision-base of philosophic ideas but even tried to work out a sense in which a philosophic idea might be genetically explained away. In writing of Spinoza, the philosopher so often worshipped for intellectual purity, Feuer skillfully used historical evidence to pinpoint the events of Dutch political turmoil that were almost isomorphic with the structure of Spinoza’s free man and his intellectual love of God.
The Cell Discretization Algorithm; An Overiew

This non-conforming extension of the finite element method is illustrated with a model elliptic problem and other applications are sketched. New results concerning domain decomposition and the construction of a solenoidal basis for the Stokes equations are described.
Facts and Artifacts from IEEE 1310-2012

The ability of IEEE 1310–2012 test method to simulate the possible insulation aging mechanisms of a generator working under repetitive start-stops was studied. Real stator bars, previously aged under service by about 10,000 start-stops were characterized in the laboratory and then submitted to a limited number of thermal cycles according to IEEE 1310–2012 for comparison. The results suggest that a small number of lab thermal cycles is sufficient to create defects that did not exist in the bars aged solely under operation conditions. It is also found that the lab cycles tend to propagate the very few existing defects towards areas where such features were not present in the original condition, such as the inner portion of the stator core. Therefore, depending on how exactly the test results generated by IEEE 1310–2012 are interpreted, there is a risk that the final assessment of any set of tested bars/coils is partially influenced by such test artifacts.
Leveraging the Electronic Health Record to Create an Automated Real-Time Prognostic Tool for Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Background Automated individualized risk prediction tools linked to electronic health records (EHRs) are not available for management of patients with peripheral arterial disease. The goal of this ...
Self-Assembly of a Class of Infinitesimally Shape-Similar Frameworks

Formation control strategies are fundamentally impacted by the sensing modalities present in the multi-robot team. Infinitesimal shape-similarity describes frameworks for which maintaining the relative angles between robots in formation also maintains the shape up to translation, rotation, and uniform scaling; however, ensuring invariance of the formation to these motions requires that the robots measure a sufficient number of angles, which means that the topology of the frame-work must be carefully designed. In this paper, we investigate the self-assembly of a class of infinitesimally shape-similar frameworks by robots equipped with bearing-only sensors. To accomplish self-assembly, we introduce a rank condition on the shape-similarity matrix for analyzing frameworks; we then use this rank condition to show that triangulations are infinitesimally shape-similar. A graph grammar is presented to assemble triangulations, and a controller is designed to achieve self-assembly of a team of differential-drive robots.
The Family Context and Adolescent Dating Violence: A Latent Class Analysis of Family Relationships and Parenting Behaviors

Adolescent dating violence is a persistent public health concern, impacting many youths during their initial and formative relationships during middle school. Despite theoretical and empirical studies highlighting the essential role of family relationship dynamics and parenting practices in relation to youth violence, substantially less research has focused on associations between these factors and rates of adolescent dating violence. The current study examined aspects of the family context in relation to dating violence outcomes among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of middle school students from economically disadvantaged communities, a group of adolescents at a high risk for exposure to risk factors for dating violence. Participants included 495 adolescents (66% male; 63% African American). Data were collected at the beginning of sixth grade and three subsequent spring waves through eighth grade. The current study identified patterns of family factors using a latent class analysis and examined these classes in relation to dating violence and dating violence norms. Three classes emerged: a positive family context with mixed messages about parental support for fighting and nonviolence (42%), an average family context with consistent parental support for nonviolent responses to conflict (24%), and a poor family context with parental support for fighting (34%). The classes with average and positive family contexts showed the lowest levels of dating violence and dating violence norms. These findings support the development and integration of family context factors into adolescent dating violence prevention programs, especially within high-burden contexts where families may be more likely to endorse mixed messages about how to handle conflict and youth may be at a higher risk for dating violence outcomes.
Pharmacological cognitive enhancers

Abstract Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a significant health problem, and novel pharmacological targets are needed to improve treatment outcomes. Given that chronic use of alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamine, cannabis, and tobacco is often associated with significant cognitive deficits, pharmacological treatments targeting these impairments may offer a new approach to treat SUDs. This chapter reviews the rationale for utilizing pharmacological cognitive enhancement as a treatment strategy for SUDs and presents potential mechanisms to target in treatment to address the impaired cognitive functioning related to SUDs. Furthermore, the chapter presents discussion of possible candidate medications for cognitive enhancement for substance use.
Studies on the Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Function I. Cardiac Output and Mean Circulation Time

Fortechnical reasons, themeasurement ofcardiac output during brisk walking isdifficult. Byusing aslight modification oftheHamilton dye-dilution method, suchmeasurements, andmeasurements ofmean circulation time, were madeatrestandattheendofa moderate workloadinnormal subjects. A motor-driven treadmill was usedfortheexercise. Itwas found that thecardiac output increases 1.7to1.9times andthe mean circulation timedecreases about 34percentinnormal young men andwomen after a 10minute walkat3miles perhourand5percentgrade.
Developing computer-aided diagramming tools to mine, model and support students’ reasoning processes

Despite the last 40 years of research showing that computer-aided diagramming tools improve student learning, very little research reveals the cognitive processes that explain why and how diagramming tools and specific features of the tools affect learning. This study developed a tool that graduate students used to diagram and analyze arguments as the tool mined each students’ actions. The mined data was used to develop algorithms to operationalize and measure the use of backward, forward, breadth, depth-first reasoning. Regression models were then compared to identify which algorithm produced measures that best predicted diagram scores, and to determine the combined and relative impact of each reasoning process on diagram scores. The findings show that observing the placement and location of the first five nodes moved and positioned on screen in relation to the location of the previously moved node provides sufficient data to generate backward/forward and breadth/depth-first ratio scores that predict diagram scores, while individual frequency counts of each of the four processes do not predict scores. The best-fit regression model using the ratio scores show that students using more backward and depth-first processing construct diagrams with higher scores – scores based on criteria that gauge the depth of analysis and not just the number of correct diagram links. This study presents new tools, methods, and new lines of inquiry to advance research on ways to integrate learning analytics into computer-aided diagramming tools.
Radical cystectomy in a cohort of octogenarians managed in the ERAS era.

Abstract Objectives To describe contemporary perioperative outcomes for octogenarians managed under an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol. ERAS protocols have improved outcomes in radical cystectomy (RC), though outcomes for octogenarian patients undergoing RC in the modern ERAS era are not well researched. ERAS components have been gradually implemented into our clinical care pathways over the past 10 years. Methods and materials Octogenarians undergoing RC at our institution were retrospectively identified between 2009 and 2019. Cox proportional hazards models examined changes in time to hospital discharge and time to bowel movement over time, and logistic regression models examined differences in 90-day readmissions and discharge dispositions over time. Secondary analyses examined the effect of alvimopan on time to hospital discharge and time to bowel movement using log-rank tests, along with 90-day readmissions and discharge dispositions using Chi-squared tests. Results Seventy octogenarian patients underwent RC during the study period. Median time to bowel movement was 6 days, while median time to hospital discharge was 9 days. Two-thirds of patients were discharged to home and 22% were readmitted within 90 days. There were no statistically significant associations between year of surgery and perioperative outcomes. Patients taking alvimopan had decreased time to hospital discharge (hazard ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [1.5, 5.0], P = 0.002), but showed no difference in other perioperative outcomes. Conclusions Octogenarians treated with RC had no significant changes in perioperative outcomes during the implementation of ERAS components at our institution. However, octogenarians taking alvimopan were observed to have decreased time to hospital discharge.
Civil Law Compromise, Common Law Accord and Satisfaction: Can the Two Doctrines Coexist in Louisiana?

Prior to 2007, Louisiana law was wrought with confusion regarding the civil law doctrine of compromise and the common law doctrine of accord and satisfaction. Although the Louisiana Civil Code only expressly provided for parties to end or prevent litigation through compromise, some Louisiana courts also utilized accord and satisfaction to determine if parties had settled their disputes. In jurisprudentially incorporating the common law institution, courts were inconsistent as to whether the doctrine led to the same result as the doctrine of compromise. Such inconsistency was troublesome because courts gave no guidance as to when the civilian doctrine of compromise applied instead of the common law doctrine of accord and satisfaction, and vice versa. In 2007, the Civil Code was revised to include both the civil law doctrine of compromise and the common law doctrine of accord and satisfaction. This comment examines whether the 2007 revision successfully harmonized the discord between the two settlement mechanisms.
Association between operational positive depression symptom screen scores on hospital admission and 30-day readmissions.

Abstract Background Positive scores on inpatient depression symptom screens have been found to be associated with readmissions, yet most studies have used depression screens collected as part of research studies. Objective We evaluated whether the relationship between depression severity and readmission persisted when depression screening data was obtained for operational purposes. Design Retrospective analysis studying prospective use of PHQ data. Setting Large academic medical center. Intervention Ward nurses obtained depression screens from patients soon after admission. Patients who answered ‘yes’ to at least one Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2 question were screened using the PHQ-9. Main outcomes and measures We examined the association between depression severity and 30-day readmissions using logistic regression, adjusting for known predictors of hospital readmission. Results From July 2014–June 2016, 18,792 discharged adult medicine inpatients received an initial depression screen (PHQ-2) and 1105 patients (5.90%) had at least one positive response. Of this group, 3163 patients (6.32%) were readmitted within 30 days. 1128 patients received the PHQ-9. Compared to patients with no depression, patients with moderately-severe depression had 3.03 higher odds (95%CI, 1.44–6.38) and patients with severe depression had 1.63 higher odds (95%CI, 0.70–3.78) of being readmitted, after adjusting for known predictors of hospital admission. Adding PHQ-9 results did not significantly improve the predictive power of a readmissions model. Conclusions Our mixed results call into question whether PHQ data obtained for operational purposes may differ compared to data obtained for research purposes. Differences in training of screening staff or patient discomfort with discussing depression in the hospital could explain our findings.
From novice to expert: methods for transferring implementation facilitation skills to improve healthcare delivery

There is substantial evidence that facilitation can address the challenges of implementing evidence-based innovations. However, facilitators need a wide variety of complex skills; lack of these can have a negative effect on implementation outcomes. Literature suggests that novice and less experienced facilitators need ongoing support from experts to develop these skills. Yet, no studies have investigated the transfer process. During a test of a facilitation strategy applied at 8 VA primary care clinics, we explored the techniques and processes an expert external facilitator utilized to transfer her skills to two initially novice internal facilitators who became experts. In this qualitative descriptive study, we conducted monthly debriefings with three facilitators over a 30-month period and documented these in detailed notes. Debriefings with the expert facilitator focused on how she trained and mentored facilitation trainees. We also conducted, recorded, and transcribed two semi-structured qualitative interviews with each facilitator and queried them about training content and process. We used a mix of inductive and deductive approaches to analyze data; our analysis was informed by a review of mentoring, coaching, and cognitive apprenticeship literature. We also used a case comparison approach to explore how the expert tailored her efforts. The expert utilized 21 techniques to transfer implementation facilitation skills. Techniques included both active (providing information, modeling, and coaching) and participatory ones. She also used techniques to support learning, i.e., cognitive supports (making thinking visible, using heuristics, sharing experiences), psychosocial supports, strategies to promote self-learning, and structural supports. Additionally, she transferred responsibility for facilitation through a dynamic process of interaction with trainees and site stakeholders. Finally, the expert varied the level of focus on particular skills to tailor her efforts to trainee and local context. This study viewed the journey from novice to expert facilitator through the lens of the expert who transferred facilitation skills to support implementation of an evidence-based program. It identified techniques and processes that may foster transfer of these skills and build organizational capacity for future implementation efforts. As the first study to document the implementation facilitation skills transfer process, findings have research and practical implications.
Hostile heartland: racism, repression, and resistance in the Midwest: by Brent M.S. Campney, Urbana, IL, University of Illinois Press, 2019, 240 pp., $27.95 (paperback), ISBN: 0252084306, 978-0252084300

Brent Campney’s Hostile Heartland joins a small but growing literature on collective violence and race in Midwestern settings. The book makes a number of useful contributions, although certain aspe...
Incisionless Synovectomy of the Knee

Knee arthroscopy has evolved greatly from its inception in the twentieth century. Arthroscopic synovectomy is performed in the case of infection or significant synovitis. We continue to develop more minimally invasive procedures and the Nanoscope (Arthrex, Naples, FL) has provided a new generation of possibilities. The system does not require the use of a standard incision or portal and with the use of the Graftnet (Arthrex, Naples, FL) we can harvest tissue with a standard shaver for further evaluation. This technique provides an option to perform a synovectomy and biopsy without the use of a standard arthroscopy portals through an incisionless approach.
Hospitalised heat-related acute kidney injury in indoor and outdoor workers in the USA.

Objectives To characterise heat-related acute kidney injury (HR-AKI) among US workers in a range of industries. Methods Two data sources were analysed: archived case files of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Office of Occupational Medicine and Nursing from 2010 through 2020; and a Severe Injury Reports (SIR) database of work-related hospitalisations that employers reported to federal OSHA from 2015 to 2020. Confirmed, probable and possible cases of HR-AKI were ascertained by serum creatinine measurements and narrative incident descriptions. Industry-specific incidence rates of HR-AKI were computed. A capture–recapture analysis assessed under-reporting in SIR. Results There were 608 HR-AKI cases, including 22 confirmed cases and 586 probable or possible cases. HR-AKI occurred in indoor and outdoor industries including manufacturing, construction, mail and package delivery, and solid waste collection. Among confirmed cases, 95.2% were male, 50.0% had hypertension and 40.9% were newly hired workers. Incidence rates of AKI hospitalisations from 1.0 to 2.5 hours per 100 000 workers per year were observed in high-risk industries. Analysis of overlap between the data sources found that employers reported only 70.6% of eligible HR-AKI hospitalisations to OSHA, and only 41.2% of reports contained a consistent diagnosis. Conclusions Workers were hospitalised with HR-AKI in diverse industries, including indoor facilities. Because of under-reporting and underascertainment, national surveillance databases underestimate the true burden of occupational HR-AKI. Clinicians should consider kidney risk from recurrent heat stress. Employers should provide interventions, such as comprehensive heat stress prevention programmes, that include acclimatisation protocols for new workers, to prevent HR-AKI.
Rubeola and Rubella

I would like to respond to Dr. Lewak9s letter1 concerning the "nibeola-rubella" confusion. This problem is not limited only to the layman. Dr. Miriam G. Wilson and I began a surveillance program of possible fetal sequelae after inadvertent rubella vaccine administration to women shortly before or early in pregnancy.* Our preliminary findings will be published soon (J.A.M.A., in press). A surprising finding among the first 29 mothers was that two of them, in fact, received rubeola vaccine early in pregnancy!
How Many Cell Types Are in the Kidney and What Do They Do

The kidney maintains electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance, eliminates foreign and waste compounds, regulates blood pressure, and secretes hormones. There are at least 16 different highly specialized epithelial cell types in the mammalian kidney. The number of specialized endothelial cells, immune cells, and interstitial cell types might even be larger. The concerted interplay between different cell types is critical for kidney function. Traditionally, cells were defined by their function or microscopical morphological appearance. With the advent of new single-cell modalities such as transcriptomics, epigenetics, metabolomics, and proteomics we are entering into a new era of cell type definition. This new technological revolution provides new opportunities to classify cells in the kidney and understand their functions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Activation of the guinea pig granulocyte NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide generating enzyme: localization in a plasma membrane enriched particle and kinetics of activation.

The subcellular localization, kinetics of activation, and substrate specificity of the guinea pig granulocyte superoxide (O2-) generating system was investigated. Membrane-enriched particles (podosomes) were made from granulocytes by mild sonication and differential centrifugation. These podosomes are enriched threefold for known plasma membrane markers, 5′-nucleotidase, and adenylate cyclase. Podosomes made from resting granulocytes have very little NAD(P)H-dependent O2- production. Podosomes made from cells stimulated with digitonin are equally enriched for membrane markers but have a 15- to 20-fold increase in NAD(P)H-dependent O2- production. The KmAPP for NADPH is one-tenth that for NADH, but the Vmax is the same. The kinetics of digitonin-stimulated whole-cell O2- production parallel the changes in enzyme activity in these podosomes. Temperature affects both the rate and extent of activation of this enzyme. The pH optimum for the enzyme, the pH optimum for activation, and the pH optimum for whole-cell O2- production are all 7.5. Enzyme activity is increased if the cells are treated with glucose and cyanide, inhibited in cells treated with 2- deoxyglucose (2-DOG), and requires the presence of calcium for activation. These effects are similar to those found for granulocyte O2- production. Thus, the granulocyte O2- generating enzyme system is located on a fraction enriched for plasma membrane markers, and the kinetics of granulocyte production are directly related to the rate and amount of activation of this enzyme.
Implementation and initial assessment of the enterprise program at Michigan Tech

In 1998 we received funding from the National Science Foundation through the Action Agenda program to assist us in a major overhaul of our engineering curricula. One of the key features of our successful grant application was the implementation of a program we called the Enterprise. Students elect to join an Enterprise at the beginning of their sophomore year and continue to participate within the organization through graduation. As they work in the Enterprise, they should take on increasing responsibility for its operation and management. It is our intent that by the time students are seniors, they will be the enterprise leaders- directing, managing, encouraging, and supervising the sophomores and juniors on the team. This paper describes how we went about developing the overall program, highlights our lessons learned, and details some preliminary assessment data obtained.
The effect of channel dimensions on the millimeter-wave power performance of a pseudomorphic HEMT

The authors study the effect of channel dimensions on the millimeter-wave power performance of a double-recessed pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT). The choice of channel recess dimension, specifically the gate to drain n+ ledge separation (Lgd), seemed to have the most pronounced effect on transistor's power performance. Gate-drain capacitance, output conductance, drain delay (unity current gain frequency) and reverse breakdown voltage were all strong functions of Lgd. With this parameter optimized, a PHEMT exhibited the best power performance yet reported at Ka-band and state-of-the-art performance at Q-band. A Q-band MMIC power amplifier using an existing design was also realized. The two-stage amplifier exhibited 500 mW of ouput power with 7 dB gain and 15% PAE at 40 GHz. This result is the best published performance for a MMIC at this frequency. >
A Parallel Architecture for Stateful, High-Speed Intrusion Detection

The increase in bandwidth over processing power has made stateful intrusion detection for high-speed networks more difficult, and, in certain cases, impossible. The problem of real-time stateful intrusion detection in high-speed networks cannot easily be solved by optimizing the packet matching algorithm utilized by a centralized process or by using custom-developed hardware. Instead, there is a need for a parallel approach that is able to decompose the problem into subproblems of manageable size. We present a novel parallel matching algorithm for the signature-based detection of network attacks. The algorithm is able to perform stateful signature matching and has been implemented only using off-the-shelf components. Our initial experiments confirm that, by making the rule matching process parallel, it is possible to achieve a scalable implementation of a stateful, network-based intrusion detection system.
Partial Purification of a Membrane-Associated Deoxyribonucleic Acid Complex from Mycoplasma gallisepticum

A Mycoplasma gallisepticum subcellular fraction (P2), which contains the deoxyribonucleic acid replication complex, can be isolated by differential centrifugation of freeze-thaw-lysed cells. The nascent deoxyribonucleic acid is released from P2 by Lubrol-WX, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Pronase, and deoxyribonuclease, but not by saponin, ribonuclease, phospholipase C, or high-frequency sonic treatment. Sonic treatment further fractionates the cell ghost and allows partial purification, on sucrose density gradients, of a deoxyribonucleic acid replication complex attached to the cells' polar membrane-bleb-infrableb structures.
Methods of Analysis

In this chapter, we look at archaeological chemistry from another angle, specifically in terms of the kinds of analyzes that are common in the field and the kinds of tools – the instruments – that are normally used. We discuss specific kinds of analyses that are done involving magnification, elemental analysis, isotopic analysis, organic analysis, and mineral/compound analysis. This chapter is intended to document the general categories of investigation that go on in laboratories of archaeological chemistry.
Left Main Disease Progression Following Left Branch Vessel Percutaneous Intervention in Patients Who Are Referred for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background and Aim of the Study We studied patients presenting for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with significant left main coronary artery disease (LMD) despite previously documented minimal or no LMD at percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for left-sided branch coronary artery disease. Methods Patients undergoing CABG for LMD with previous PCI were separated into fast or slow stenosis progression using percent change in LMD from first PCI to CABG divided by time (progression velocity). Outcomes and Kaplan–Meier survival were compared between the two groups. Results Between September 1997 and June 2010, 4837 patients underwent CABG with 1235 of them having previous PCI of which 118 had LMD and previous left-sided branch PCI. Using median progression velocity fast and slow progression groups were identified (0.53 ± 0.18 and 4.5 ± 4.8%/month, p < 0.001). Mean follow-up was 4.9 ± 3.6 years and 6.9 ± 3.9 years, respectively. Fast progression patients were younger (p = 0.042), with higher baseline LMD at PCI (16.4% vs. 9% stenosis, p = 0.025), and a mean of 2.5 years to LMD compared to 10.6 years for the slow group (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in number or type of PCI and number or type of vessel intervened. Kaplan–Meier survival was similar at one, three, and five years. Conclusions Fast LMD progression patients were younger and made up 4.7% (59/1235) of patients undergoing CABG with a history of PCI. Rapid progression was not related to number, type of PCI, or branch vessel intervened. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12460 (J Card Surg 2015;30:35–40)
Toxigenic Clostridium perfringens from a Parvovirus-Infected Dog

A strain of Clostridium perfringens, type A, has been isolated from the intestine of a dog which died from parvovirus infection. This Clostridium strain produces a toxin which can be detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, using C. difficile antitoxin, and produces cytotoxicity in WI-38 cell culture. Cytopathology can be blocked by C. difficile antitoxin. Its role in canine parvovirus infection is unknown.
Effect of prednisone on abnormal menstrual function.

Abstract Prednisone reduces or eliminates excess hair growth in women with "idiopathic hirsutism" 1 or, a preferable term, "adrenal virilism." 2 While studying this phenomenon, we noted concurrent improvement in the menstrual status of patients with amenorrhea, menometrorrhagia, anovulation, and infertility. Intrigued by this desirable development, we treated women with menstrual abnormalities, with and without hirsutism, by this means, and the purpose of this paper is to report our observations.
Changes in the relative organ weights in the fetal dog.

Changes in the relative percentage weights of the organs in 187 fetal and 24 newborn dogs are presented. Nine organs increase less in total weight during fetal life than total body weight. These are, in increasing order: spinal cord, brain, suprarenals, testes, hypophysis, heart, thyroid, urinary bladder and liver. Increasing more than body weight and in increasing order are: ovaries, digestive system, uterus, spleen, lungs, thymus, digestive tube, kidneys and pancreas. No adult weights were found for seven of these, but the increases to adult weight are shown for the other organs. The organs increasing less than body weight decrease in relative percentage weight rapidly at first and then more slowly throughout fetal life and all of these, except the heart and spinal cord, decrease in percentage weight in the adult. Organs increasing more than body weight have their most marked increase in the early part of fetal life. Thus the relative organ weights are changing most rapidly in early fetal life with more gradual changes toward the end. The spleen and pancreas manifest the most marked and continued increase, while the cord, suprarenals, brain and testes decrease most precipitously in early fetal life. The kidneys, lungs and ovaries have their maximum percentages at birth. These relative changes are compared with similar relative changes in man and in the cat.
Network systems design

1. Wormhole Data Routing in Multiprocessors: Performance Simulation 2. Modeling and Analysis of Multi-access Mechanisms in SUPERLAN 3. A New Traffic Control Mechanism for Continuous Media Communications 4, An Improved Model of Heterogeneous Elevator (SCAN) Polling 5. Modeling Techniques for PCS Networks 6. Modeling of a Multimedia System for VOD Services
Chronobiological Factors in Drug Abuse

Numerous experiments have shown that chronological events (i.e., biological rhythms) play a significant role in partially determining an individual’s responsivity to a wide variety of drugs. Among the many chemical agents reported to be affected by circadian rhythms are; ethanol, barbiturates, opiates, etc., with each drug presumed to have its own unique chronobiological rhythm.
Pleistocene drainage patterns on the floor of the Chukchi Sea

Abstract It is proposed that the lack of bathymetric continuity in a submarine valley crossing a continental shelf is the result of deltaic deposition and may therefore be used to recognize periods of a lesser rate of sea-level rise or a period of sea-level stillstand. Using this criterion three stillstands may be recognized in the bathymetry of the Chukchi Sea: ( 1 ) present sea level (past 3,000–6,000 years); ( 2 ) −18 to −24 fathoms (12,000 years B.P.) and ( 3 ) −29 fathoms (estimated between 13,000 and 17,000 years B.P.).
The locus coeruleus in the rat: an immunohistochemical delineation

Abstract The noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus in the albino rat have been mapped and characterized morphologically with the unlabeled peroxidase anti-peroxidase method employing an antiserum to rat dopamine β-hydroxylase. A comprehensive series of low-power photomicrographs of immunocytochemically stained sections is presented depicting the full extent of this nucleus in relationship to other structural landmarks. The paper provides the first detailed atlas of dopamine β-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells in the pontine and mesencephalic tegmentum of the rat. In addition, this study provides for the first time (1) a description of dopamine β-hydroxylase-positive cells in the periaqueductal gray of the caudal midbrain, that have not previously been visualized, (2) illustrations of dopamine β-hydroxylase-positive cells in the roof of the IVth ventricle that extend their dendrites between ependymal cells to the ventricular surface, (3) a depiction of the extensively ramified dendrites that characterize noradrenergic cells in the ventral division of the locus coeruleus, and (4) morphological evidence that cells of the locus coeruleus group can be divided into four contiguous but cytologically distinct sets. The data presented in this paper provide a guide for planning and interpreting studies of the locus coeruleus, in particular, for the elucidation of its afferents and efferents, the electrophysiologic characteristics of its cells, and the behavioral effects of lesions.
Spontaneous Aortic Lesions in Rabbits II. Relationship to Experimental Atherosclerosis

Lesions in the rabbit aorta that occur spontaneously and contain no lipid consist of intimal mesenchymal proliferation and of medial sclerosis. Although the relationship of diet-induced atheroma to the intimal mesenchymal alterations is still not clear, our experiments have established that (a) the morphologic characteristics of diet-induced atheroma and of the spontaneous medial lesions are dissimilar at all stages of their development, and (b) the presence of spontaneous medial lesions clearly influences the development of atheroma. This influence is related to (a) an increased tendency for atheroma formation at the raised proximal and lateral borders of nodular medial lesions projecting from the luminal surface, (b) the absence of atheroma formation at sites of medial calcification, and (c) a propensity for lipid deposition in areas of acid mucopolysaccharide accumulation within spontaneous medial lesions.
Concomitant Effects of Growth Hormone on Secretion of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Progesterone by Cultured Porcine Granulosa Cells*

The observation that GH deficiency delays the onset of puberty has raised the question of the effect of GH on gonadal development. In addition, recent studies in the rat have indicated that GH is able to elevate ovarian levels of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I (iIGF-I) in vivo and enhance FSH-induced granulosa cell differentiation in vitro. To evaluate further the possibility of direct effects of GH on ovarian function, we have studied the action of GH on the secretion of iIGF-I and progesterone by cultured porcine granulosa cells from immature follicles. The effects of GH were compared with those of estradiol (E2) and FSH, hormones previously shown to stimulate steroidogenesis and iIGF-I production in this system. GH-stimulated cultures secreted 7.8 times as much iIGF-I per cell as control cultures, while cultures treated with E2 plus FSH secreted 4.5 times as much, and the combination of all three hormones produced an additional increment. The GH-dependent immunoreactivity was localized to two peaks on gel filtration which coeluted with authentic IGF-I and with an IGF-binding protein. In contrast to the results with iIGF-I secretion, GH was a relatively ineffective stimulator of progesterone secretion, resulting in levels 2.6 times the control value, compared to levels 7.4-fold the control value in cultures treated with E2 plus FSH. However, when the three agonists were combined, a synergistic interaction was observed which resulted in progesterone values 33.3 times the control value. In parallel studies, PRL was unable to mimic the effects of GH on iIGF-I or progesterone secretion. In summary, GH has direct stimulatory actions on porcine granulosa cells. Compared to E2 and FSH, established stimulators of these cells, GH is at least comparable in effectiveness with regard to iIGF-I secretion, but less effective as a stimulator of steroidogenesis. However, GH dramatically enhances the effects of E2 and FSH on progesterone secretion. These effects of GH could be important during the onset of puberty, when GH levels in plasma are elevated.
Modeling Children's Understanding of Quantitative Relations in Texts: A Developmental Perspective

This article describes developmental models of word problem solving that are grounded in the notion of general developmental constraints of the mind. These models were constructed based on the assumption that differences in children's word problem-solving performance are due, at least in part, to developmental differences in their conceptual structures in the quantitative domain. Three levels of knowledge were identified and modeled. The simplest model represents quantitative relations as an ordered array of mental objects. The next level of the model represents numbers as objects of manipulations open two mental number lines that are coordinated in a tentative fashion. The most complex model represents numerical operations as objects of manipulations on two mental number lines that are well-coordinated with explicit, functional rules. These models were implemented as production systems. The accuracy of the predictions resulting from the simulations of the models was tested in an empirical study. Global t...
RCS of three-dimensional scatterers using the symmetrical condensed TLM method

The calculation of the radar cross-section of threedimensional scatterers using a numerical near-to-far field transformation of TLM near-field data is described. Results for some simple scatterers are shown to be in agreement with results from the literature.
Solubilization of quantum dots with a recombinant peptide from Escherichia coli.

The molecular interfacing of biomolecules with advanced materials, such as semiconductor nanocrystals, carbon nanotubes, and conducting polymers, has enormous potential in the field of biomedical applications and optoelectronics.[1–4] Currently, combinatorial biology approaches, such as phage display and cell-surface display methods, permit better study of these interactions.[5–9] Computational modeling combined with phage display of selected septapeptides with different affinities for metallic platinum revealed the importance of interface-reactive side chains, and their special arrangement and backbone stereochemistry for peptide-interface recognition.[10–12] Genetic engineering of phage display has been employed to interface peptides with semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs).[8] Selective modification of the physiological conditions of prokaryotic Escherichia coli resulted in capping and controlled growth of CdS nanocrystals,[13] although nanocrystal formation in bacteria has not yet been found in nature.[14, 15] In addition, high-affinity metal–ligand clusters have been shown to promote the formation of CdS and ZnS nanocrystals in the presence of cysteine and glutathione thiolates in vitro.[16–18] A classical organic–inorganic interaction has evolved in eukaryotic yeast, where the presence of heavy-metal stress results in increased accumulation of glutathione and glutathione-like peptides, termed phytochelatins.[19] Phytochelatins are thiolate peptides which, in the presence of sulfide anions, sequester toxic metal ions by forming QD–peptide complexes in the cell cytoplasm.[20, 21] These intracellular peptide-coated nanocrystals appear to be very stable and have photophysical properties similar to those of QDs synthesized chemically.[21] We previously showed that rationally designed phytochelatin-related synthetic peptides can bind and stabilize CdSe–ZnS core–shell QDs.[22]
Polyfluorene Terpolymers Containing Phenothiazine and Fluorenone: Effects of Donor and Acceptor Moieties on Energy and Intrachain Charge Transfer Processes in the Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence of Multichromophore Copolymers

Five new conjugated terpolymers containing 9,9-dihexylfluorene, 10-hexylphenothiazine (HPT) donor, and 9-fluorenone (FLO) acceptor were synthesized by Suzuki copolymerization and used to study the effects of competing energy and intramolecular charge transfer processes on the photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) of multichromophore copolymers. The HPT and FLO moieties were found to act as emissive exciton traps on the terpolymer chains, leading new blue-green (475−485 nm) and green (520−525 nm) emission bands in addition to the blue (415 nm) emission of the fluorene segments. Additional charge transfer excited states and associated nonradiative decay channels resulting in factors of 2−4 decrease in the solution PL quantum yields of the terpolymers emerged due to the HPT moieties. As the emissive materials in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the terpolymers showed green to yellow EL with luminances of 1900−8970 cd/m2 and efficiencies of 0.5−3.5 cd/A that varied with terpolymer composition. As a...
AES investigations of fracture surfaces of aluminium doped sintered molybdenum rods

The addition of aluminium to K, Si-doped molybdenum leads to higher potassium and silicon contents in the final sintered rods. The increase is proportional to the Al-concentration. The increase of potassium and silicon is caused by the formation of potassium-alumosilicates and potassium aluminates which were identified by AES. The addition of A13+ surprisingly shows a strong gettering effect on grain boundaryoxygen. The long interconnected system of pores in the sintered rod, causing splitting etc., is destroyed by addition of aluminium.
Lateral Hypothalamic Stimulation Inhibits Dentate Granule Cell LTP: Direct Connections

We discovered that angiotensin II (Ang II) applied directly to the dentate gyrus inhibited LTP induction in medial perforant path-dentate granule cell synapses and that the inhibition can be blocked by losartan, an Ang II AT1 receptor specific antagonist. In the first part of this study we found that electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) inhibits LTP in these synapses and the inhibition can be blocked by pretreating the animals with losartan, indicating that LH angiotensin-containing neurons project to the dentate gyrus. Results of the second part of the study demonstrate clearly that some angiotensin-containing LH neurons project directly to dentate granule cells. LH neurons were identified by retrograde tracers applied to the granule cell layer. Double-labeled neurons containing angiotensin and HRP were sparsely distributed and both fusiform and multipolar LH neurons appeared in a small cluster lateral and ventral to the fornix at the level of the paraventricular nucleus. Large numbers of angiotensin staining neurons were observed in the hypothalamus. Results support our hypothesis that some angiotensin containing LH neurons project directly to the dentate gyrus.
Salt: an emerging water concern for the global mining and minerals industries

Water scarcity represents a sustainability challenge affecting economies, societies and ecosystems globally, and this challenge is increasingly exacerbated by salt, or total dissolved solids (TDS), loading in fresh waters. For the mining and minerals industries, there is a growing need to recognise TDS as a potential concern, and to strategize and innovate solutions. This paper examines the mechanisms by which these industries may contribute to TDS loading, the possible implications for environmental and socioeconomic well being, as well as those for industry itself, and the control and treatment options that currently exist. Finally, several case studies of management approaches in different parts of the world are presented in order to highlight the importance of site specific parameters, and the global commonality of the issue.
Path integrals and lower bounds for density matrices

Feynman has established a variational principle for the coordinate space representation of the canonical density matrix. It uses real trial actions in place of the actual real action. This principle is extended by dividing the original temperature interval, using matrix multiplication, and trial actions that depend on the end points. The result is a series of better lower bounds. A detailed analysis is made of the soluble harmonic oscillator case using free particle and mean path trial actions.