cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hemolysis as a contributing factor in the bilirubin rebound after exchange transfusion.

Summary Data on 54 exchange transfusions in 40 infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia related to Rh incompatibility, ABO incompatibility, or of unknown causes have been presented. With the rate of disappearance of haptoglobin from the infant's blood after exchange transfusion as an index to the rate of erythrocyte destruction in that period, evidence of hemolysis was found in 15 of 19 exchanges followed by a subsequent rise in bilirubin to a degree necessitating a second procedure. Although many factors may contribute to this bilirubin rebound, apparently hemolysis is important in the majority of infants requiring a repeat exchange.
Bis­(acetato-κO)[bis(2-pyridyl­methyl)­amine-κ3N,N′,N′′]­zinc(II)–acetic acid (1/2)

The title compound, [Zn(C2H3O2)2(C12H13N3)]·2C2H4O2, consists of a five-coordinate trigonal–bipyramidal zinc complex (one N,N′,N′′-tridentate donor and two O-monodentate donors) and two acetic acid mol­ecules. The acetic acid mol­ecules hydrogen bond with the coordination complex. The coordination complex is located on a twofold axis that passes through the Zn atom and the secondary amine N atom is disordered across that axis.
Octupole correlations in Z or N =88 nuclei

A systematic study of nuclei with Z, N~64, 88 and 88, 134 in terms of the spdf-Interacting Boson Approximation model is presented. Various properties are reproduced with a very simple Hamiltonian which predicts an onset of strong octupole correlations at medium spin.
The icosahedral to crystalline transformation in Al51Cu12.5Li16.5Mg20 melt-spun ribbons

The results of experiments on the icosahedral to crystalline transformation of melt-spun Al51Cu12.5Li16.5Mg20 are reported. The microstructural characteristics of the alloy, in all stages of the transformation, have been determined using a combination of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The as-spun alloy consists of icosahedral grains with a low volume fraction of quenched-in crystallites. The quasilattice constant is calculated to be 0.505 nm. Upon annealing at 394 °C for 20 min, the icosahedral phase completely transforms to Al5Cu(Li, Mg)3 (a b c c phase), aluminium and a hexagonal phase. The orientation relationships and chemical compositions of all phases involved are established. Electron microscopy reveals planar defects in all the crystalline phases (except aluminium). The planar defects in the b c c phase are on {1 1 0} and {1 0 0}-type planes. Defects in the hexagonal phase are found to be on {0001} and {11 ¯20}-type planes.
Time in philosophy and in physics: From Kant and Einstein to Gödel

The essay centers on Godel's views on the place of our intuitive concept of time in philosophy and in physics. It presents my interpretation of his work on the theory of relativity, his observations on the relationship between Einstein's theory and Kantian philosophy, as well as some of the scattered remarks in his conversations with me in the seventies — namely, those on the philosophies of Leibniz, Hegel and Husserl — as a successor of Kant — in relation to their conceptions of time.
Sensitivity Analysis of Parameterized Variational Inequalities

In this paper we discuss local uniqueness, continuity, and differentiability properties of solutions of parameterized variational inequalities (generalized equations). To this end we use two types of techniques. One approach consists in formulating variational inequalities in a form of optimization problem based on regularized gap functions, and applying a general theory of perturbation analysis of parameterized optimization problems. Another approach is based on a theory of contingent (outer graphical) derivatives and some results about differentiability properties of metric projections.
Does TV Advertising Really Affect Sales? The Role of Measures, Models and Data Aggregation

Traditional econometric models suggest that advertising has a clear and significant positive effect on sales in the current period. However, recent studies using scanner data indicate that the estimated effects of TV advertising on households' brand choices are weak and rarely significant. Do those findings mean that TV advertising does not really have an impact on current brand choices and sales? Or are the discrepant findings due to differences among the measures, models and aggregation levels used by different researchers? The authors address these issues. Their analysis indicates that aggregating data over time and households may create a false impression of advertising having a statistically significant effect on sales.
Impact of Diabetes and its Treatment on Bone

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with increased fracture risk and higher bone density (BMD), suggesting that diabetic bone is more fragile for a given density. The changes in bone quality that accompany T2DM are still not fully delineated but potential factors include more rapid bone loss, differences in cortical bone and bone structure, and changes in material properties of bone collagen due to accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Increased fracture risk appears to be concentrated among patients with longer duration of diabetes while those with recent onset or with impaired glucose tolerance may instead be protected from fracture risk. Characteristics of T2DM have contradictory effects on bone strength and fracture risk. Bone strength is generally increased with larger body size and hyperinsulinemia. Features of T2DM that lead to increased bone fragility are not clearly understood but are likely to include hyperglycemia. Higher levels of glucose result in the accumulation of AGEs. In addition, hyperglycemia may have direct and indirect effects on osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts resulting in weaker bone. Treatment of T2DM may have generally favorable effects on bone through improvements in glycemic control. However, use of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in particular causes increased fracture risk in women, due to decreased bone formation and increased bone loss. In sum, substantial evidence now indicates that T2DM results in bone that is more fragile for a given BMD. Further research is needed to understand the specific changes in diabetic bone that cause reduced strength, to clarify the effects of hyperglycemia, and to identify other factors associated with T2DM that reduce bone quality.
Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for endometrial cancer: clinical outcomes and hospital charges.

Abstract Objective. Our objective was to compare the clinical outcomes and associated hospital charges between two methods of hysterectomy for patients with early-stage endometrial cancer. Methods. Retrospective chart review of 320 patients with early-stage endometrial cancer treated by laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) or total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) was performed for the period of July 1, 1991, to September 30, 1996, at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Results. Sixty-nine patients (22%) were treated by LAVH, and 251 (78%) were treated by TAH. The majority of the patients (80%) had Stage I disease. The mean age was similar for both groups: 60 years for the LAVH vs 61 years for TAH. The mean weight was significantly lower for the LAVH group, 71 kg (range 43–117 kg), than for the TAH group, 82 kg (range 38–200 kg), ( P P P P P P = 0.91). Conclusion. Patients treated by LAVH for early-stage endometrial cancer had significantly shorter hospitalization and fewer complications, resulting in less overall hospital charges when compared to patients treated by TAH. Long-term outcome was similar. Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy is an attractive alternative for selected patients with early-stage endometrial cancer.
Micronucleus-specific DNA sequences in an amicronucleate mutant of Tetrahymena☆

DNA from the amicronucleate Tetrahymena cell line BI3840 was probed for DNA sequences which are limited to the micronucleus in wild-type cells. Four micronucleus-specific DNA sequences were not detectable in DNA from the amicronucleate cell line. Two of the six micronucleus-specific DNA sequences tested hybridized to DNA from amicronucleate cells. Both the number of fragments homologous to these sequences and the intensity of hybridization were reduced in the DNA from the amicronucleate cells relative to DNA from a wild-type cell line, indicating that less than one micronucleus equivalent of the micronucleus-specific DNA sequences was retained in the amicronucleate cell line. Thus many micronucleus-specific DNA sequences were eliminated from the developing macronucleus of BI3840 as they are in wild-type cells, but in at least two cases the elimination was incomplete. In situ hybridization suggested that the DNA sequences which are limited to the micronucleus in wild-type cells are present in the macronucleus of the amicronucleate cell line. Southern blots of DNA from the amicronucleate cell line were also probed with DNA sequences which are retained in the macronucleus. At least two types of genome rearrangements occurred in the BI3840 macronucleus as they do in wild-type cells. No spurious rearrangements were observed.
Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease: Nonamnestic Subtypes and Type 2 AD

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative dementia, are usually elderly; however, ∼4–5% develop early-onset AD (EOAD) with onset before age 65. Most EOAD is sporadic, but about 5% of patients with EOAD have an autosomal dominant mutation such as Presenilin 1, Presenilin 2, or alterations in the Amyloid Precursor Protein gene. Although most Alzheimer's research has concentrated on older, late-onset AD (LOAD), there is much recent interest and research in EOAD. These recent studies indicate that EOAD is a heterogeneous disorder with significant differences from LOAD. From 22–64% of EOAD patients have a predominant nonamnestic syndrome presenting with deficits in language, visuospatial abilities, praxis, or other non-memory cognition. These nonamnestic patients may differ in several ways from the usual memory or amnestic patients. Patients with nonamnestic EOAD compared to typical amnestic AD have a more aggressive course, lack the apolipoprotein E ɛ 4 (APOE ɛ 4) susceptibility gene for AD, and have a focus and early involvement of non-hippocampal areas of brain, particularly parietal neocortex. These differences in the EOAD subtypes indicate differences in the underlying amyloid cascade, the prevailing pathophysiological theory for the development of AD. Together the results of recent studies suggest that nonamnestic subtypes of EOAD constitute a Type 2 AD distinct from the usual, typical disorder. In sum, the study of EOAD can reveal much about the clinical heterogeneity, predisposing factors, and neurobiology of this disease.
Carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, ropes, and a universal graphitic potential

The potential energies of interaction between two parallel, infinitely long carbon nanotubes of the same diameter, and between ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and a nanotube in various arrangements, were computed by assuming a continuous distribution of atoms on the tube and ball surfaces and using a Lennard-Jones (LJ) carbon-carbon potential. The constants in the LJ potential are different for graphene-graphene and ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ interactions. From these, the constants for tube-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ interactions were estimated using averaging rules from the theory of dispersion forces. For tubes in ropes, the cohesive energy per unit length, the compressibility, and the equilibrium separation distance were computed as a function of tube radius. For a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule interacting with tubes, the binding energy inside a tube was much higher than on a tube or at the tube mouth. Within a tube, the binding energy was highest at a spherically capped end. The potential energies for tubes of all radii, as well as for interactions between ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules, for a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule outside of a nanotube, between a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule and a graphene sheet, and between graphene sheets, all fell on the same curve when plotted in terms of certain reduced parameters. Because of this, all the potentials can be represented by a simple analytic form, thereby greatly simplifying all computations of van der Waals interactions in graphitic systems. Binding-energy results were all consistent with the recently proposed mechanism of peapod formation based on transmission electron microscopy experiments.
Effect of Penicillin on Growth and Bone Ash of Chicks Fed Different Levels of Vitamin D and Phosphorus

Abstract THE sparing action of antibiotics on water-soluble vitamins has been reported by several investigators (Oleson, Hutchings and Whitehill, 1950; Stokstad and Jukes, 1951; and Biely and March, 1951); however, very little work has been done on the effect of dietary antibiotics on the requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. Burgess et al. (1951) found that penicillin increased the storage of vitamin A in the liver and the level of serum carotenoids, indicating a sparing action of penicillin on vitamin A and its precursors. The work of Burgess et al. suggested the possibility that other fat-soluble vitamins may be spared by antibiotics, and therefore the following study on vitamin D was undertaken. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of penicillin on growth and bone calcification in chicks fed graded levels of vitamin D in the presence of a low and high level of inorganic phosphorus. In addition, the effect …
Endotoxin depression of hepatic mixed function oxidase system in C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice

The effect of endotoxin to depress the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity has been studied in the C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN strains of mice. The C3H/HeJ mouse strain is generally considered to be unresponsive to the biological effects of endotoxin. However, injection of these mice with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of E. coli endotoxin (Westphal extracted) produced a decrease in the rate of N-demethylation of ethylmorphine and in the levels of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 comparable to that observed in the endotoxin-sensitive C3H/HeN mouse strain. Although the mechanism of endotoxin action to decrease hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing activity is presently unknown, the results suggest that: 1) the C3H/HeJ mouse strain is responsive to this endotoxin effect, and 2) that cellular constituents other than B-cells or macrophages are probably involved in eliciting the response, since these cells of the C3H/HeJ mouse are unresponsive to endotoxin.
Five Levels of PACS Modularity: Integrating 3D and Other Advanced Visualization Tools

The current array of PACS products and 3D visualization tools presents a wide range of options for applying advanced visualization methods in clinical radiology. The emergence of server-based rendering techniques creates new opportunities for raising the level of clinical image review. However, best-of-breed implementations of core PACS technology, volumetric image navigation, and application-specific 3D packages will, in general, be supplied by different vendors. Integration issues should be carefully considered before deploying such systems. This work presents a classification scheme describing five tiers of PACS modularity and integration with advanced visualization tools, with the goals of characterizing current options for such integration, providing an approach for evaluating such systems, and discussing possible future architectures. These five levels of increasing PACS modularity begin with what was until recently the dominant model for integrating advanced visualization into the clinical radiologist's workflow, consisting of a dedicated stand-alone post-processing workstation in the reading room. Introduction of context-sharing, thin clients using server-based rendering, archive integration, and user-level application hosting at successive levels of the hierarchy lead to a modularized imaging architecture, which promotes user interface integration, resource efficiency, system performance, supportability, and flexibility. These technical factors and system metrics are discussed in the context of the proposed five-level classification scheme.
PRIORITIES IN THE MULTIPLE TRAUMA PATIENT

The primary goal in caring for the traumatized patient is to provide effective resuscitative interventions while minimizing the time from injury to definitive care. The emergency physician is often called on to provide the initial stabilization and resuscitation. This is done most effectively if one is well versed in trauma care and has an organized approach to the multiply injured patient. This article discusses several current controversies in the emergent care of the multiply injured patient. Most of the issues are currently under investigation, whereas others have been addressed only as opinion in the medical literature. A balanced view of these topics is presented so that the reader will be better informed on how to care for these patients.
DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAMMING

After a period of teaching dental sociology at the University of Detroit's School of Dentistry, Dr. Hoffmann migarated to Santa Fe as the dental director of New Mexico. With an abundant supply of sociological notions and experience to guide him, he now reports his notions of dental programming and dental administration in action.
Mycoplasma iowae associated with chondrodystrophy in commercial turkeys

Opportunistic observations of and necropsies from selected commercial (meat) turkey flocks revealed skeletal lesions consistent with chondrodystrophy, characterized by leg and vertebral deformities, occurring at very low incidences in turkeys from two primary breeds and various multiplier breeder flocks. Mycoplasma organisms were cultured and identified as Mycoplasma iowae by immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction from some of the vertebral lesions but not from leg joints. This is the first detailed description of the gross and microscopic lesions of vertebral chondrodystrophy associated with M. iowae, which should now be considered in the differential diagnosis of turkeys with these lesions.
Chiasma formation: chromatin/axis interplay and the role(s) of the synaptonemal complex

Meiotic recombination proceeds in biochemical complexes that are physically associated with underlying chromosome structural axes. In this study, we discuss the organizational basis for these axes, the timing and nature of recombinosome/axis organization with respect to the prophase program of DNA and to structural changes, and the possible significance of axis organization. Furthermore, we discuss implications and extensions of our recently proposed mechanical model for chiasma formation. Finally, we give a broader consideration to past and present models for the role of the synaptonemal complex.
Late Quaternary Biostratigraphy of Cores from Beneath California Current: ABSTRACT

A study of deep-sea cores, which approximate the extent of the California Current, indicates that faunal changes occur at or near the lithologic Pleistocene-Holocene boundary off San Francisco and Los Angeles, California, but generally below this boundary off Cedros Island, Baja California. In upper Pleistocene rocks there are (1) a marked increase of radiolarian tests per gram of dry sediment; (2) a sharp decrease in both planktonic foraminiferal tests per gram of dry sediment and in the median size of Turborotalia pachyderma, except off Los Angeles, where the trend is reversed; (3) an increase in the percentage of dextral-coiling Turborotalia pachyderma; (4) an influx of several rare planktonic foraminiferal species; and (5) a decrease in the relative abundance of Globi erina bulloides off San Francisco, of Turborotalia pachyderma off Los Angeles, and of Globigerina quinqueloba off Cedros Island, with a corresponding increase in relative abundance of Globigerina quinqueloba off San Francisco and Los Angeles and an increase of both Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Turborotalia pachyderma off Cedros Island. A period of seasonal warming in the early Wisconsin is indicated in the temperate Pacific Ocean. This assumption is based on the abundance of large temperate planktonic foraminiferal species per gram of dry sediment in the cores from off Los Angeles. This warming period correlates with the "warm interval" reported elsewhere. End_of_Article - Last_Page 559------------
A unified phenomenological theory for micellization and solubilization

Abstract Since micelles, and oil solubilized micelles and microemulsions occupy the same regions in phase diagrams, their unified thermodynamics is presented here. A common basis has been chosen such that the Gibbs free energies of formation can be written in all cases as the sum of hydrophobic effect and the stretching-bending energies of the surfactant film. The results predict satisfactorily the experimental observations made on micellization and solubilization.
The Anti-tumorigenic Properties of Peroxisomal Proliferator-activated Receptor α Are Arachidonic Acid Epoxygenase-mediated *

Prevalence and mortality make cancer a health challenge in need of effective and better tolerated therapeutic approaches, with tumor angiogenesis identified as a promising target for drug development. The epoxygenase products, the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, are pro-angiogenic, and down-regulation of their biosynthesis by peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) ligands reduces tumor angiogenesis and growth. Endothelial cells lacking a Cyp2c44 epoxygenase, a PPARα target, show reduced proliferative and tubulogenic activities that are reversed by the enzyme's metabolites. In a mouse xenograft model of tumorigenesis, disruption of the host Cyp2c44 gene causes marked reductions in tumor volume, mass, and vascularization. The relevance of these studies to human cancer is indicated by the demonstration that: (a) activation of human PPARα down-regulates endothelial cell CYP2C9 epoxygenase expression and blunts proliferation and tubulogenesis, (b) in a PPARα-humanized mouse model, activation of the receptor inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth, and (c) the CYP2C9 epoxygenase is expressed in the vasculature of human tumors. The identification of anti-angiogenic/anti-tumorigenic properties of PPARα points to a role for the receptor and its epoxygenase regulatory target in the pathophysiology of cancer, and for its ligands as candidates for the development of a new generation of safer and better tolerated anti-cancer drugs.
Is Futility a Futile Concept

This paper distinguishes four major types of futility (physiological, imminent demise, lethal condition, and qualitative) that have been advocated in the literature either in a patient dependent or a patient independent fashion. It proposes five criteria (precision, prospective, social acceptability, significant number, and non-agreement) that any definition of futility must satisfy if it is to serve as the basis for unilaterally limiting futile care. It then argues that none of the definitions that have been advocated meet the criteria, primarily because their proponents have not paid sufficient attention to the problematic nature of the data supporting the use of their definitions.
Increased Temporo-Spatial Dispersion of Repolarization During Double Premature Stimulation in the Intact Ventricle

The degree of temporo-spatial variation of repolarization during single (S2) and double (S3) premature stimulation was evaluated in five closed-chest anesthetized dogs. Monophasic action potentials (MAP) were simultaneously recorded with contact electrode and MAP duration (MAPD) restitution curves constructed from right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) endocardial sites. At a given coupling interval, S3 was associated with significantly greater dispersion of MAPD then S2 (spatial dispersion, i.e., between RV and LV). Similarly, at a given diastolic interval, S3 at RV and LV sites, was associated with significantly greater dispersion of MAPD then S2 (temporal dispersion). It is concluded that S3 is associated with greater temporo-spatial dispersion of repolarization then S2.
Software and Scanner: A Comparison of Procedures in University of California, San Diego's Interlibrary Loan and Course Reserves Units

The Document Delivery Services/Interlibrary Loan Unit and the Course Reserves Unit at the University of California, San Diego's Access Services Department both utilize the Konica Minolta PS7000 book scanner to deliver requested documents and post electronic reserve items. Though the hardware is the same in both units, unique service goals and software—Ariel Interlibrary Loan Document Transmission Software for DDS/ILL and Adobe Photoshop for Course Reserves—result in different issues and challenges. This article discusses the shared practices of the Document Delivery Services/Interlibrary Loan and Course Reserves Units and how each unit utilizes the Konica Minolta PS7000 book scanner to offer better service for their patrons.
Coronary heart disease in black populations II. Risk factors

Abstract Despite the fact that coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death among United States blacks, few data are available in the literature about the strength and consistency of the statistical associations of blood pressure, blood lipid levels, smoking habits, and other CHD risk factors in whites as observed in black populations. Consequently, no single or multivariate risk score exists that is applicable to blacks. Although considerable information is available about population prevalence of hypertension, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia among blacks, prevalence data are inadequate for most other potential risk factors (type A behavior pattern, physical inactivity, and dietary composition). This lack of information is a serious impediment to full understanding of the cause of CHD as well as to primary and secondary prevention of CHD in the black population. Seven types of research are outlined that we consider urgently needed.
Testing the neural sensitization and kindling hypothesis for illness from low levels of environmental chemicals.

Abstract Sensitization in the neuroscience and pharmacology literatures is defined as progressive increase in the size of a response over repeated presentations of a stimulus. Types of sensitization include stimulant drug-induced time-dependent sensitization (TDS), an animal model related to substance abuse, and limbic kindling, an animal model for temporal lobe epilepsy. Neural sensitization (primarily nonconvulsive or subconvulsive) to the adverse properties of substances has been hypothesized to underlie the initiation and subsequent elicitation of heightened sensitivity to low levels of environmental chemicals. A corollary of the sensitization model is that individuals with illness from low-level chemicals are among the more sensitizable members of the population. The Working Group on Sensitization and Kindling identified two primary goals for a research approach to this problem: to perform controlled experiments to determine whether or not sensitization to low-level chemical exposures occurs in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) patients; and to use animal preparations for kindling and TDS as nonhomologous models for the initiation and elicitation of MCS.
Uniqueness and existence for perturbed focal boundary value problems

Assuming a uniqueness assumption on the variational boundary value problems, uniqueness and existence is established for problems which generalize focal boundary value problems.
Purification and properties of the uracil DNA glycosylase from Bloom's syndrome

Bloom's syndrome uracil DNA glycosylase was highly purified from two non-transformed cell strains derived from individuals from different ethnic groups. Their properties were then compared to two different highly purified normal human uracil DNA glycosylases. A molecular mass of 37 kDa was observed for each of the four human enzymes as defined by gel-filtration column chromatography and by SDS-PAGE. Each of the 37 kDa proteins was identified as a uracil DNA glycosylase by electroelution from the SDS polyacrylamide gel, determination of glycosylase activity by in vitro biochemical assay and identification of the reaction product as free uracil by co-chromatography with authentic uracil. Bloom's syndrome enzymes differed substantially in their isoelectric point and were thermolabile as compared to the normal human enzymes. Bloom's syndrome enzymes displayed a different Km, Vmax and were strikingly insensitive to 5-fluorouracil and 5-bromouracil, pyrimidine analogues which drastically decreased the activity of the normal human enzymes. In particular, each Bloom's syndrome enzyme required 10-100-fold higher concentrations of each analogue to achieve comparable inhibition of enzyme activity. Potential mechanisms are considered through which an altered uracil DNA glycosylase characterizing this cancer-prone human genetic disorder may arise.
The Role of Competence Level in the Self-Efficacy-Skills Relationship: An Empirical Examination of the Skill Acquisition Process and Its Implications for Information Technology Training

The role of computer training has long been critical in organizations as reliance on technology for strategic advantage increases in importance. How to most effectively conduct such training has clear implications for organizations. This study examines one area of training which is not well understood: the role that competence level plays in the self-efficacy–competence relationship (if indeed it plays a role at all) during skill acquisition. Two opposing conceptual positions are presented from the literature, one that suggests the relationship between self-efficacy and competence will be stronger early in the skill acquisition process (when competence is minimal), the other suggesting the strength of the relationship will be stronger at mastery. Using a sample of over 600 and structural equation modeling, the relationship between self-efficacy and competence for six different computing application domains is tested by dividing respondents in each domain in half, according to competence level. Results empirically demonstrate that level of competence makes a significant difference in the domains, that those higher in ability typically have a stronger relationship with self-efficacy. Results also show that the relationship is weaker for those new to the application and those who have mastered the application. The important implications for training are discussed.
A SAS-based solution to evaluate study design efficiency of phase I pediatric oncology trials via discrete event simulation

Previous exploration of oncology study design efficiency has focused on Markov processes alone (probability-based events) without consideration for time dependencies. Barriers to study completion include time delays associated with patient accrual, inevaluability (IE), time to dose limiting toxicities (DLT) and administrative and review time. Discrete event simulation (DES) can incorporate probability-based assignment of DLT and IE frequency, correlated with cohort in the case of DLT, with time-based events defined by stochastic relationships. A SAS-based solution to examine study efficiency metrics and evaluate design modifications that would improve study efficiency is presented. Virtual patients are simulated with attributes defined from prior distributions of relevant patient characteristics. Study population datasets are read into SAS macros which select patients and enroll them into a study based on the specific design criteria if the study is open to enrollment. Waiting times, arrival times and time to study events are also sampled from prior distributions; post-processing of study simulations is provided within the decision macros and compared across designs in a separate post-processing algorithm. This solution is examined via comparison of the standard 3+3 decision rule relative to the ''rolling 6'' design, a newly proposed enrollment strategy for the phase I pediatric oncology setting.
The FASTBUS Software Resource Guide

A summary is given of the software requirements for FASTBUS system development which are covered in the FASTBUS Software Resources Guide. These include System Manager functions for System initialization, description data base, logical name linkage and multiprocessor control functions as well as subroutine standards and register and bit assignments. Also included are processor-interface designs and diagnostic facilities.
Con: Immediate Extubation for Liver Transplantation

s m f u e e w a s F THE TERMS ambulatory and minimally invasive are the health care bywords of the last decade coined to market rogressive surgical care, surely fast track implies more, an ctivity racing far ahead of traditional care. Yet, another level bove extraordinary, immediate extubation, presumes even ore, an urgent activity designed to intercept an otherwise nevitable poor outcome. Is this the case? What complication urks ready to confront patients who are not offered immediate xtubation? The advantages suggested by advocates of immediate extuation are extensive. From a clinical perspective, immediate xtubation after liver transplantation implies a reduction in ostoperative intensive care, which has been advocated as nabashedly appealing, a trend that reform-minded clinicians imply must embrace. From a patient perspective, early extuation sounds humanitarian. From the perspective of the graft, mproved splanchnic flow must be beneficial. From an ecoomic perspective, it appears to be an obvious step forward. ow can anyone who does not adopt such a change appear nything but antediluvian? Ah, but as usual, the devil is in the details. Although the efinition of early extubation varies, immediate extubation efers to extubation in the operating room at the conclusion of he procedure. This stance, the most aggressive, has been dvocated for adult recipients of cadaveric liver grafts,1-3 adult ecipients of living donor grafts,4 and pediatric recipients of full ize and reduced liver grafts.5,6 Others have allowed variable eriods of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit ICU).7,8 Among the studies advocating immediate extubation after iver transplantation, none are randomized trials. All are either etrospective reviews2,6 or case series of selected patients.1,4,5,9 lthough exclusion criteria varied among the case series, reransplantation, preoperative mechanical ventilation, and acute iver failure typically resulted in exclusion from enrollment and nalysis. The largest case series of adult recipients is from Italy.1 hese investigators found that a preoperative Model for Endtage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 11 predicted successul rapid extubation. However, transplants are rarely performed n the United States for patients with such low MELD scores. y using the same MELD score criterion, approximately one enth of deceased donor and a quarter of living donor transplant ecipients in the United States would have qualified in the most ecently tracked 12-month period.10
Systematic absorbance errors with technicon autoanalyzer II colorimeters

Abstract Technicon AutoAnalyzer II colorimeters have spectrophotometric flowcells with curved optical ends. Light passing through these flowcells is refracted severely at the non-perpendicular ends. Curved ends therefore cause differences in apparent absorbance measured at the phototube which are related to differences in the refractive indices of the solutions in the cells. This can cause significant error in the colorimetric analysis of solutions with different refractive indices (caused, for example, by variations in salinity). This effect is responsible for a systematic error which, for typical AutoAnalyzer determinations of phosphate in seawater or estuarine waters, can approximate 0.2 μM.
Surface impregnation of concrete bridge decks with polymers

Polymer-impregnated concrete has proven to be a strong and environmentally resistant material with many potential uses. One such application is to impregnate the surface of highway bridge decks to improve their durability. This paper reports on various aspects of research directed toward the objective of developing a practical and economical process for surface treating bridge decks with liquid monomers which subsequently are polymerized. This work has included (1) selection and tailoring the monomer–initiator system, (2) development of application and curing systems, and (3) evaluation of the resulting treatments by many different testing procedures. Considerable progress has been made toward increasing the durability of concrete slabs as shown by laboratory and small-scale field tests and toward developing a practical method of application. Selected aspects of the fundamentals of surface treatments of highway bridge decks and details of the process and product as they have been developed to date will be presented here.
Determination of Protein Denaturation of Muscle Foods Using the Dielectric Properties

Both the dielectric constant and loss factor increased at a temperature that appeared to match the DSC denaturation temperature for collagen in beef, chicken breast, chicken thigh, perch, cod, and salmon. When the sample was reheated the change did not reoccur, indicating that the dielectric properties were measuring an irreversible change. At lower frequencies the increase in the dielectric properties was larger. When collagen and actomyosin denature, the muscle shrinks, expelling water and minerals. This makes the water and ions more mobile. The dielectric constant and loss factor measure the mobility of water and ions; therefore they may be able to determine the temperature of protein denaturation. La liberation de l'eau lors du chauffage du muscle produit des modifications des proprietes dielectriques. Une correlation entre la temperature de denaturation du collagene de muscle de boeuf, de poulet et de poisson et les constantes dielectriques est recherchee. Elle permet de mesurer la mobilite de l'eau et des ions lors de la denaturation.
II. Frege as Idealist and then Realist

Michael Dummett argued that Frege was a realist while Hans Sluga countered that he was an objective idealist in the rationalist tradition of Kant and Lotze. Sluga ties Frege's idealism to the context principle which he argues Frege never gave up. It is argued that Sluga has correctly interpreted the pre‐1891 Frege while Dummett is correct concerning the later period. It is also claimed that the context principle was dropped prior to 1891 to be replaced by the doctrine of unsaturated entities.
A comparison of international short-term rates under no arbitrage condition

Abstract The short-term interest rate is an important economic variable and its time series properties have been the subject of numerous empirical studies. This paper provides empirical evidence on the behavior of short-term rates in seven industrialized countries and the Euro zone under the no-arbitrage condition. Under such conditions the expected change in the short-term rate is related to the current slope of the term structure of interest rates. Previous estimates of the short-term rate process fail to account for this relationship, which imposes certain restrictions on the drift of the short-term rate. We show that when such restrictions are taken into account, the estimate of the short-term rate volatility is affected. Also, the no-arbitrage restriction allows us to estimate the market price of interest risk. We use the GMM approach to estimate the model for US, UK, Canada, Japan, Australia, Denmark, Sweden and the Euro zone. Our estimates show that no single model can explain the short-term process for all of these countries. Also, our results show that the market price of interest rate risk is highly non-linear but generally increasing in the level of the short-term rate.
The genius is in the implementation

Pinpoints strategy implementations as a most important part of company practice. Lists out a number of implementation pitfalls that are deeper in effect than others: strategic inertia; lack of stakeholder commitment; strategic drift; strategic dilution; strategic isolation; failure to understand progress; initiative fatigue; impatience; and not celebrating success. States that strategy must drive planning. Unfortunately, in too many companies it does not. Closes by stating the task of creating and implementing strategy is not for the faint‐hearted.
High intensity lasers for gamma-gamma colliders

Abstract Compton backscattering of laser photons near the interaction point of an e+ e− or e− e− collider can be used to produce a γ-γ or γ-e− collider. This paper describes the laser requirements, including pulse duration, intensity, energy, and wavelength, for such a collider. For most of the proposed, next generation, e+ e− colliders, the laser wavelength should be in the near-infrared, with a pulse duration of 1 ps or less and an energy of ∼ 1 J per pulse. Current chirped pulse amplification laser systems in solid state lasing materials are well suited to meet these requirements. These systems are described.
Clinical cardiomyoplasty: Preoperative factors associated with outcome

Abstract Dynamic cardiomyoplasty has been used clinically to augment the ventricular function of a failing heart. Fifteen clinical dynamic cardiomyoplasties have been performed at Allegheny General Hospital since 1985. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved in long-term survivors from a preoperative value of 0.23 ± 0.02 to 0.32 ± 0.05 with postoperative cardiomyostimulation ( p p 4 / 15 ), and early mortality (within 6 months after operation) was 20% ( 3 / 15 ). Significant preoperative differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were found in right ventricular ejection fraction (0.53 ± 0.03 versus 0.30 ± 0.07; p p p p
Oocyte cryopreservation in a patient with sickle cell disease prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: first report

Purpose To report the first occurrence of successful ovarian stimulation, oocyte retrieval and oocyte cryopreservation for fertility preservation in an adolescent with severe sickle cell disease scheduled to undergo a hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Injustice Frames, Legality, and the Everyday Construction of Sexual Harassment

This paper examines the frames that women use to understand their experience with sexual harassment. While legal frames do provide crucial guidance to women evaluating the behavior of their colleagues and supervisors, working women deployed a number of other interpretive frames when deciding whether they had been harmed by such behavior. Some of those frames emerge from feminist messages about discrimination and male abuse of power in the workplace; some emerge from management ideology that emphasizes efficiency and productivity; and some emerge from the criticism of sexual harassment policies as an unnecessary limitation on women's sexual freedom. But feeling a sense of harm does not automatically translate into the use of the label sexual harassment. Rather, women also employed an objective standard that compared their experience to some threshold of harassing behaviors. Only when the behaviors met this standard of offensiveness and were perceived as harmful did women consider their experiences sexual harassment.
Identification of an X-linked deletion syndrome through comparative genomic hybridization microarray.

We present a single case of a young man with multiple congenital anomalies. For years, a unifying diagnosis could not be made. As his case developed, more clues came to light, but still no recognizable pattern could be identified. Ultimately, the combination of orofacial clefting, neurosensory hearing loss, choroideremia, and cognitive delays were shown to be due to an Xq28 micro-deletion as seen on comparative genomic hybridizations studies. A review of the genes contained in this region clearly explain his constellation of findings.
A tool for creating predictive performance models from user interface demonstrations

A central goal of many user interface development tools has been to make the construction of high quality interfaces easy enough that iterative design approaches could be a practical reality. In the last 15 years significant advances in this regard have been achieved. However, the evaluation portion of the iterative design process has received relatively little support from tools. Even though advances have also been made in usability evaluation methods, nearly all evaluation is still done “by hand,” making it more expensive and difficult than it might be. This paper considers a partial implementation of the CRITIQUE usability evaluation tool that is being developed to help remedy this situation by automating a number of evaluation tasks. This paper will consider techniques used by the system to produce predictive models (keystroke level models and simplified GOMS models) from demonstrations of sample tasks in a fraction of the time needed by conventional handcrafting methods. A preliminary comparison of automatically generated models with models created by an expert modeler show them to produce very similar predictions (within 2%). Further, because they are automated, these models promise to be less subject to human error and less affected by the skill of the modeler.
Multicomponent effects in the pressure-driven membrane separation of dilute solutions of nonelectrolytes

Abstract The rejection of mannitol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1-pentanol from dilute binary and ternary aqueous solutions was measured using asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes. For the binary systems, mannitol rejection was greater than 1,6-hexanediol rejection, which was in turn greater than 1-pentanol rejection. The presence of either 1,6-hexanediol or l-pentanol caused an increase in mannitol rejection; the presence of mannitol caused a decrease in 1-pentanol rejection, l-Pentanol rejection is independent of the presence of 1,6-hexanediol. 1,6-Hexanediol rejection is independent of the presence of either mannitol or l-pentanol. The observed multicomponent effects are not caused by frictional coupling of solute fluxes; a physical model for the membrane that is consistent with the observed multicomponent effects is proposed.
Changes in freshman engineers' attitudes-a cross institutional comparison: what makes a difference?

The Freshman Engineering Attitude Instrument, developed at the University of Pittsburgh, was administered to the 1995-96 freshman engineering classes at two campuses at the beginning of the year (the pre-survey). The survey was then repeated later in the first year (the post-survey). This paper discusses the results and demonstrates the potential effectiveness of the survey instrument for evaluating freshman engineering programs. This study serves as a pilot for a larger, more comprehensive national survey.