cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules with Non-Diagnostic Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules is commonly performed, and despite the use of ultrasound (US) guidance, the rate of non-diagnostic FNAs is still significant. The risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules with a non-diagnostic FNA is not clearly defined. However, most studies exclude the majority of patients without a repeat biopsy or surgery, thus increasing the likelihood of selection bias. The aims of this study were to determine the malignancy risk in nodules with an initial non-diagnostic FNA, and to identify the factors associated with malignancy. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with thyroid nodules who underwent US-guided FNA between 2004 and 2010 and had a non-diagnostic result. Patients were followed until confirmatory diagnosis of the nature of the nodule was made. The outcome of malignant or benign disease was based on one of the following: (i) final surgical pathology following thyroidectomy; (ii) repeat biopsy; (iii) clinically, based on repea...
Dysregulated Bone Wound Repair and Marrow Functions in Senescence Accelerated Mice (SAMP6)

Abstract Abstract 3415 Introduction: The Senescence Accelerated-Prone mouse (SAMP6) shows normal growth followed by rapid aging, development of osteopenia and shortened lifespan, compared with control R1 mice. The bone defect has been attributed to reduced osteoblast potential of marrow stromal cells. We compared in vivo repair of tibial bone wounds. We compared in vitro hematopoiesis, irradiation sensitivity, stromal cell biology, and osteoblastogenesis with SamP6 and R1 marrow. We tested the hypothesis that SAMP6 mice have poor healing of osseous wounds and that in vitro properties of SAMP6 marrow are abnormal. Methods: As a model for spontaneous bone repair, a 2-mm unicortical wound was made in each proximal tibia. At intervals, wound diameter was measured on radiographs. Long term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) were established from other SAMP6 and R1 mice to measure hematopoiesis and to establish marrow stromal cell lines (MSCLs) for analysis. MSCL gene expression and sensitivity to irradiation were measured; osteoblastogenic potential was determined by culture in osteoblastogenic medium (1% FBS, 10 nM dexamathasone, 5 mM b-glycerophosphate, 50 mg/mL ascorbate-2-phosphate) and gene expression analysis for osteoblast markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), PTH-receptor-1 (PTHR1), and Osteocalcin (OC). Results: There was a faster rate of closure of the tibial wounds in R1 than in SAMP6 mice; at day 21, wounds in R1 mice were 47% the size of those in SAMP6 mice (p = 0.032). For the first 24 weeks, SAMP6 LTBMCs had significantly greater hematopoiesis than R1, shown by more cobblestone islands (sites of stem cell activity) and by more multilineage colonies from nonadherent cells transferred to semisolid medium. After 24 weeks, however, hematopoiesis ceased in SAMP6 cultures but continued in the SAMR1 cultures for 40 weeks. There was constitutive upregulation of TGF-b, an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, in SAMP6 MSCLs, compared with R1 cells. SAMP6 MSCLs were more sensitive to radiation (Do of 1.5 ± 0.1 Gy), compared with R1 (Do of 4.0 ± 0.4 Gy; p = 0.0080). There was unexpected constitutive expression of ALP, PTHR1, and OC in SAMP6 MSCLs, compared with R1. In osteoblastogenic medium, there was greater expression of osteoblast marker genes in the SAMP6 line compared to R1. Conclusion: SAMP6 showed delayed bone wound repair. Marrow from SAMP6 mice showed shortened in vitro hematopoiesis and greater radiation sensitivity, indicative of greater oxidative stress, but the unexpected finding of constitutive expression of osteoblast genes suggest that in vivo factors are more important than innate cellular defects in marrow to account for impaired bone healing. Acknowledgments: This project was supported by NIAID U191A168021-06 and NIA R21AG034254. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The economics of greening Romania’s energy supply system

Despite the declining trends in total energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, energy intensity, and emission intensity over the past two decades, Romania still emits more greenhouse gas per unit of output than many other members of the European Union. The country is looking for further greening of its energy supply system to achieve the clean energy and climate change mitigation goals included in the European Union’s 2030 target and 2050 Roadmap. Using an energy supply optimization model, TIMES, this study develops energy supply mixes for Romania under a baseline scenario that satisfies the European Union’s current energy and climate targets for 2020, a green scenario that satisfies the European Union’s 2030 energy and climate targets, and a super green scenario that satisfies the European Union’s prospective 2050 energy road map. The study finds that although Romania could achieve the green scenario at a moderate cost, it would be challenging and costly to achieve the super green scenario.
Late Relapses Characterize Autologous Transplantation (ASCT) in First Complete Remission (CR) for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (PTCL).

With the exception of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), standard-dose chemotherapy is curative in a minority of patients (pts) with PTCL, and most pts have progressive disease less than 2 years from completing treatment. Several studies suggest that ASCT in 1st CR significantly improves the short-term outcome of pts with PTCL, but its long-term efficacy is not known. To address this, we assessed the outcome of sequential patients who underwent ASCT in 1st CR (n=15). Histologic subtypes were PTCL, unspecified, in 6 pts, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in 5 pts, ALK-negative ALCL in 3 pts and hepatosplenic gamma delta T-cell lymphoma in 1 pt. Induction chemotherapy was CHOP (n=2) or CHOP-ICE hybrid (n=12) in 93% of pts. The age-adjusted IPI (AAIPI) was 2–3 in 9 of 14 assessable patients (64%), and 11 pts (73%) had stage III–IV disease. The conditioning regimen consisted of BEAM or CBV in 10 pts and TBI/Cy/VP-16 in 5 pts. All patients received peripheral blood progenitor cells for hematopoietic support. The median follow-up of all patients is 24 months (range 4.5–70). Five pts (33%) have progressed, with a median time to progression of 50 months (range 10–70). Four of the 5 pts who progressed did so more than 2 years from ASCT; they comprise 57% of patients with more than 2-years of follow-up. Four of 5 patients with progressive disease have died, with a median time from progression to death of 1 month (0.6–14.6). In this small series the AAIPI was not predictive of PFS or OS. While our results confirm the that ASCT in 1st CR significantly delays the time to progression, they suggest that it may not be curative in the majority of patients. If confirmed in ongoing larger prospective studies, this observation warrants trials of post-ASCT maintenance treatment and, for younger patients, trials of allogeneic transplantation in 1st CR or sequential ASCT followed by allogeneic transplantation.
Valnoctamide, which reduces rat brain arachidonic acid turnover, is a potential non-teratogenic valproate substitute to treat bipolar disorder.

Background Valproic acid (VPA), used for treating bipolar disorder (BD), is teratogenic by inhibiting histone deacetylase. In unanaesthetized rats, chronic VPA, like other mood stabilizers, reduces arachidonic acid (AA) turnover in brain phospholipids, and inhibits AA activation to AA-CoA by recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (Acsl-4) in vitro. Valnoctamide (VCD), a non-teratogenic constitutional isomer of VPA amide, reported effective in BD, also inhibits recombinant Acsl-4 in vitro.
Reduced Smad4 expression and DNA topoisomerase inhibitor chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective Smad4 is a tumor suppressor that transduces transforming growth factor beta signaling and regulates genomic stability. We previously found that Smad4 knockdown in vitro inhibited DNA repair and increased sensitivity to DNA topoisomerase inhibitors. In this study, we assessed the association between reduced Smad4 expression and DNA topoisomerase inhibitor sensitivity in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and evaluated the relationship between genomic alterations of Smad4 and molecular alterations in DNA repair molecules.
Abstract MIP-072: IDENTIFICATION OF THE SIGNALING PATHWAYS DOWNSTREAM OF PTEN LOSS IN FALLOPIAN TUBE LEADING TO INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF HGSOC

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common histotype of ovarian cancer with the highest mortality rate. The lethality of these tumors is due mainly to the difficulty in detecting the disease at early stages. The findings of early lesions in the fallopian tube suggest that HGSOC may originate from the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and metastasize to the ovary. Recent transgenic animal models of FTE-derived HGSOC have pointed out the critical role of loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) in generating HGSOC when in combination with p53 mutation and alteration of BRCA1/2, but not by itself. Our lab was the first to show that deletion of PTEN alone in FTE is sufficient to lead to tumor formation and peritoneal dissemination suggesting that the importance of PTEN in the early events of the tumorigenic cascade may have been underestimated. Indeed, it has been found that loss of PTEN is a common alteration in STIC lesions. Recent studies revealed that loss of PTEN is predicted to be much more common (30% more) in HGSOC when the DNA contribution from stroma is excluded from tumor DNA analysis. The understanding of the sequence of the molecular alterations behind the genesis of HGSOC from FTE remains poorly defined and pivotal to early detection of HGSOC. The purpose of this study was to identify the markers of cancer initiation and progression altered upon loss of PTEN in FTE. Our data revealed increased mRNA levels of signaling components of the non-canonical (βcatenin-independent) WNT pathway. βcatenin was indeed not activated upon loss of PTEN, however inhibition of the WNT canonical and non-canonical pathway blocked PTEN-induced migration and ovarian colonization suggesting that the WNT non-canonical pathway is mediating loss of PTEN-induced tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Angela Russo, Joanna E. Burdette. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SIGNALING PATHWAYS DOWNSTREAM OF PTEN LOSS IN FALLOPIAN TUBE LEADING TO INITIATION AND PROGRESSION OF HGSOC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr MIP-072.
Health Insurance Expansion and Incidence of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Study in a US Metropolitan Community.

BackgroundHealth insurance has many benefits including improved financial security, greater access to preventive care, and better self‐perceived health. However, the influence of health insurance o...
Gallery Walk: An Activity in Flat Patternmaking for Practice and Critical Thinking about the Application of Darts and Dart Equivalents

The innovative strategy for a flat patternmaking course was to incorporate a Gallery Walk for students to practice applying their knowledge of darts and dart equivalents as an in-class exercise. The purpose in introducing the Gallery Walk in the flat patternmaking class was to engage students in critical thinking and problem-solving about darts and dart manipulations. This Gallery Walk displayed pictures of darts and dart equivalents for students to identify. This allowed student to analyze the similarities and differences of darts and dart equivalents and determine the correct placement of the pictures within the gallery. The findings revealed the Gallery Walk helped students "better define darts and dart equivalents, recognize variations when using dart equivalents in garment designs,and ways to utilize dart equivalents in my original designs."
Evaluation of Potential Fungal Species for the in situ Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Cellulosic Material

Three fungal species were evaluated for their abilities to saccharify pure cellulose. The three species chosen represented three major wood-rot molds; brown rot (Gloeophyllum trabeum), white rot (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) and soft rot (Trichoderma reesei). After solid state fermentation of the fungi on the filter paper for four days, the saccharified cellulose was then fermented to ethanol by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The efficiency of the fungal species in saccharifying the filter paper was compared against a low dose (25 FPU/g cellulose) of a commercial cellulase. Total sugar, cellobiose and glucose were monitored during the fermentation period, along with ethanol, acetic acid and lactic acid. Results indicated that the most efficient fungal species in saccharifying the filter paper was T. reesei with 5.13 g/100 g filter paper of ethanol being produced at days 5, followed by P. chrysosporium at 1.79 g/100 g filter paper. No ethanol was detected for the filter paper treated with G. trabeum throughout the five day fermentation stage. Acetic acid was only produced in the sample treated with T. reesei and the commercial enzyme, with concentration 0.95 and 2.57 g/100 g filter paper, respectively at day 5. Lactic acid production was not detected for all the fungal treated filter paper after day 5. Our study indicated that there is potential in utilizing in situ enzymatic saccharification of biomass by using T. reesei and P. chrysosporium that may lead to an economical simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process for the production of fuel ethanol.
BENTHIC DETRITUS IN A SALTMARSH TIDAL CREEK

ABSTRACT A new benthic sampling device was developed to permit convenient, quantitative collection of organic detritus from submerged sediment surfaces. The apparatus was used to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of benthic detritus in a tidal, saltmarsh creek adjacent to the York River, Virginia. Diurnal, monthly, and seasonal samples were collected and partitioned into detrital size fractions. Each size fraction was analyzed to determine the percentage of root, stem, and leaf tissue contributed by the dominant marsh plants. The standing stock and composition of detritus varied in a characteristic manner across the width and along the length of the tidal creek. Temporal differences were also evident, especially those associated with periodic storms. The data indicate apparent relationships between the morphology of the creek, current velocities, substrate texture, and the distribution and composition of the benthic detritus.
A personal learning apprentice

Personalized knowledge-based systems have not yet become widespread, despite their potential for valuable assistance in many daily tasks. This is due, in part, to the high cost of developing and maintaining customized knowledge bases. The construction of personal assistants as learning apprentices -- interactive assistants that learn continually from their users -- is one approach which could dramatically reduce the cost of knowledge-based advisors. We present one such personal learning apprentice, called CAP, which assists in managing a meeting calendar. CAP has been used since June 1991 by a secretary in our work place to manage a faculty member's meeting calendar and is the first instance of a fielded learning apprentice in routine use. This paper describes the organization of CAP, its performance in initial field tests, and more general lessons learned from this effort about learning apprentice systems.
Safety Monitor for Cryogenic Storage Vessels

Under certain conditions the vents of cryogenic storage vessels can become plugged with frozen air. This paper describes a safety monitor which detects and gives an alarm when the vent on a. liquid-hydrogen or liquid-helium storage vessel becomes plugged. The sensing element is a thermal conductivity gas analyzer operating in an unbalanced bridge; this makes the monitor fail-safe.
Quantitative restoration targets for fish and wildlife habitats and populations in the Lower Green Bay and Fox River AOC

Abstract The Lower Green Bay and Fox River Area of Concern (LGB&FR AOC) is one of the most ecologically diverse but demonstrably impaired AOCs in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We outline a transparent, quantitative process for setting targets to remove two fish and wildlife-related beneficial use impairments (BUIs). The method identifies important habitats and species/species groups and weights them according to ecological and socioeconomic criteria. These weights are paired with standardized estimates of current condition ranging from 0 (worst possible) to 10 (best possible). A weighted average of the condition scores gives an overall AOC condition for each BUI, creating a baseline for setting future restoration or BUI removal targets. Weighted averages for the LGB&FR AOC yielded a current condition of 3.60 for fish and wildlife habitats and 4.65 for species/species groups. Based on achievable restoration scenarios and discussions with local experts and stakeholders, we propose removal targets of 6.0 for the “loss of fish and wildlife habitat” BUI and 6.5 for the “degradation of fish and wildlife populations” BUI. This quantitative approach illuminates multiple pathways for reaching restoration targets and facilitates informed discussions about cost effective restoration projects. According to our results, species and species groups in this AOC are generally in better current condition than habitats when compared on the same 0–10 scale. This suggests that many (though not all) desirable fish and wildlife populations in the LGB&FR AOC are able to survive in relatively degraded habitats or are able to use these habitats productively during part of their life cycle.
Phosphoproteomics Illuminates Opioid Actions

Opioids are widely used analgesic medications with a high potential for tolerance and dependence and represent a frequent cause of death due to overdose. Opioids mediate their actions via a family of opioid G protein coupled receptors. Elucidating the biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for both the therapeutic and deleterious side effects of opioids could provide a biochemical roadmap for selectively targeting therapeutic signaling pathways. Here we provide a perspective on emerging findings, which illuminate these signaling pathways via unbiased and quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis. What emerged from these studies is the discovery that certain deleterious actions mediated by the κ opioid receptors appear due to specific activation of mTOR pathways. The findings imply that designing drugs, which bypass mTOR signaling, could yield safer and more effective analgesics.
Influence Contours in Linear Regression

A graphical method to study influence measures in linear regression is proposed. The approach is based on adding a new observation to an existing data set. An influence contour is defined as the solution to $${\rm{Influence (new observation) }} = {\rm{ Constant}}{\rm{. }}$$ Influence contours are derived and discussed for Cook’s Distance, DFFITS, DFBETAS, and R. Example contour plots are given for each measure. Influence contours are shown to be a useful tool for understanding and comparing the regions of influence for the various influence measures.
Repair of Anomalous Right Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery Using the Modified Trapdoor Technique.

Background:Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is rare. Unique anatomical characteristics observed include tethering secondary to the extensive collater...
Coordinated-Transitional Care for Veterans with Heart Failure and Chronic Lung Disease.

Objectives Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) account for most 30-day hospital readmissions nationwide. The Coordinated-Transitional Care (C-TraC) program is a telephone-based, nurse-driven intervention shown to decrease readmissions in Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA hospitals. The goal of this project was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of adapting C-TraC to meet the needs of complex patients with CHF and COPD in a large urban tertiary care VA medical center. Design We used the Replicating Effective Programs model to guide the implementation. The C-TraC nurse received intensive training in cardiology and pulmonology and worked closely with both inpatient and outpatient providers to coordinate care. Eligible patients were admitted with CHF or COPD and had at least one additional risk for readmission. Setting The nurse met patients in the hospital, participated in their discharge planning, and then provided intensive case management for up to 4 weeks. Participants Over its initial 14 months, the program successfully enrolled 299 veterans with good fidelity to the protocol. Measurements A total of 43 (15.8%) C-TraC participants were rehospitalized within 30 days compared with 172 (21.0%) of historical controls matched 3:1 on age, risk of 90-day hospital admission, and discharge diagnosis. Results Participants were 54% less likely to be rehospitalized (odds ratio = .46; 95% CI = .24-.89). Conclusion The program was financially sustainable. The total cost of care in the 30-day postdischarge period was $1842.52 less per C-TraC patient than per controls, leading the medical center to sustain and expand the program.
Anger’s Volumes: Rhetorics of Amplification and Aggregation in #MeToo

AbstractBuilding an archive of avowed public engagements with anger in the #MeToo movement, this article lends conceptual specificity to understanding anger regulation through the rhetorical vocabu...
Feasibility of Telehealth-Delivered Home Safety Evaluations for Caregivers of Clients With Dementia:

Video telehealth can increase access to home-based care, thus allowing older adults to maintain functional independence and age-in-place. This is particularly salient for persons with dementia whose cognitive changes increase home safety risk. Little is known about the technological and safety challenges of in-home assessment via video. This feasibility study explored the process and resource requirements of a remotely delivered telehealth occupational therapy home safety evaluation from a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) site. A total of 10 caregivers of veterans with dementia received home safety evaluations using videoconferencing technology using a variety of portable computing devices. Most telehealth evaluations experienced technological difficulties, but formal technical support was only required twice. Videoconferencing is a feasible service delivery option for home safety evaluations; however, infrastructure must support technological needs and client or provider gaps in knowledge. Implications for non-VHA settings and other interventions using videoconferencing are discussed.
Contested terrain: International development projects and countervailing power for the excluded

Abstract Conventional international development project approaches to enable participation of the excluded often fall short of building countervailing power, which is key for accountability. This study analyzes possible exceptions to identify causal pathways, as well as long-term effects beyond projects. The methodology combines the identification of positive outliers, process tracing and comparative analysis of five World Bank projects from the 1990s that were also the focus of subsequent academic research. Tangible openings from above that enabled countervailing power took two main forms: 1) institutionalized power-sharing over allocation of social funds — at local, subnational and national levels and 2) support for autonomous, multi-level social organizations, including collective titling of ethnic territories. Over the longer term, projects lacked strong national allies and their most innovative contributions were reversed, watered down or at best contained - though these differences mattered to social actors on the ground. The most analytically significant finding is that projects can have not only contested and uneven outcomes (“mixed results”), but also contradictory interaction effects. This poses the methodological challenge of how to measure and explain the relative weights of both countervailing power shifts and elite capture.
Glasdegib as maintenance therapy for patients with AML and MDS patients at high risk for postallogeneic stem cell transplant relapse.

Posttransplantation, glasdegib maintenance therapy in patients at high risk for relapse did not meaningfully reduce relapse incidence. Use of glasdegib in the posttransplantation setting was complicated by adverse events requiring drug holds and occasional discontinuation.
Optical gain in Er doped GaN multiple quantum wells

Driven by the strong need for cheap and integrable Si-based optoelectronic devices for a wide range of applications, continuing endeavors have been made to develop structures for light emission, modulation, and detection in this material system. Here, we report the realization of room-temperature stimulated emission in the technologically crucial 1.5 micron wavelength range from Er-doped GaN/AlN multiple-quantum wells on silicon and sapphire. Employing the well-acknowledged variable stripe technique, we have demonstrated an optical gain up to 170 cm-1 in the multiple-quantum well structures. The observation of the stimulated emission is accompanied by the characteristic threshold behavior of emission intensity as a function of pump fluence, spectral linewidth narrowing and excitation length. The demonstration of room-temperature lasing at the minimum loss window of optical fibers and in the eye-safe wavelength region of 1.5 micron are highly sought-after for use in many applications including defense, industrial processing, communication, medicine, spectroscopy and imaging. As the synthesis of Er-doped GaN epitaxial layers on silicon and sapphire has been successfully demonstrated, the results laid the foundation for achieving hybrid GaN-Si lasers providing a new pathway towards full photonic integration for silicon optoelectronics.
Opportunity Gains Overlooked

In the most recent issue of Academic Emergency Medicine, Hausfater et al describe the impact of point-of-care testing (POCT) on patient throughput, patient and provider satisfaction, and health economics. This well-designed study found a significant reduction in time-to-result (51 minutes), but no statistically significant decrease in overall length of stay (9 minutes). Direct cost savings were estimated to be €31 per length of stay hour. While these results are promising, the positive impact of POCT may have been underestimated by the authors.
Fermented rice bran: an alternative ingredient in baking

The idea that associated agro-industrial by-products only with the production of animal feed has been gradually being replaced, as the scientific community is interested in these products, as low-cost nutrients for the composition of food and/or culture media in research biotechnological to increase or improve nutrients or characteristics inherent in the raw material. Thus, this work aims to characterize input for baking with claim of natural fortification from the fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For this, biomass was characterized in terms of its composition (ashes, fibers, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds. The results show an increase in nutrients such as ash, proteins and fibers, in addition the free and bound phenolic compounds present in the biomass showed antioxidant potential. Therefore, fermented rice bran is a potential input to be used in baking.
Get the balance right

Building an academic career increasingly calls for greater public engagement, particularly in subjects with more societal relevance such as climate change. Leah Stokes discusses some of the difficulties she has faced in striking a balance between her academic responsibilities and her public work.
For Future Development of Situation-Specific Theories

Since situation-specific theories were proposed as a new type of nursing theories in 1990s, an increasing number of situation-specific theories have been developed. Now, situation-specific theories are widely accepted to closely link nursing theory to research and practice. However, the scholars’ works have been limited to dissemination of their own situation-specific theories, and many of the proposed situation-specific theories have been developed even without being recognized as situation-specific theories. Therefore, there is a dire need for further clarification on situation-specific theories and for providing directions for future development of situation-specific theories. In this chapter, background information on situation-specific theories such as philosophical roots and properties is concisely provided, and the integrative approach for development of situation-specific theories is briefly illustrated. Then, several examples of situation-specific theories that were developed from a middle-range theory—Transitions theory—are discussed with the commonalities in their development process. Current trends in development of situation-specific theories in general are also discussed while linking them to the commonalities found in the example theories. Finally, based on the discussion, future directions for development of situation-specific theories are proposed.
Association of "#covid19" Versus "#chinesevirus" With Anti-Asian Sentiments on Twitter: March 9-23, 2020.

Objectives. To examine the extent to which the phrases, “COVID-19” and “Chinese virus” were associated with anti-Asian sentiments.Methods. Data were collected from Twitter’s Application Programming...
Iterative Linear State Estimation Using a Limited Number of PMU Measurements

State estimation (SE) in transmission systems is commonly carried out based on the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system measurements. The solution involves a recursive process due to the non-linearity of the measurement equations. However, the SCADA-based SE is prone to ill-conditioning which may lead to convergence issues. This paper presents an alternative and computationally robust method which uses primarily SCADA measurements plus a limited number of voltage measurements provided by phasor measurement units (PMUs). This is accomplished by first converting the power flow measurements into equivalent current phasors followed by a linear state estimation solution. Instead of updating the jacobian and gain matrix in each iteration, in this approach, the current phasors will be updated using the estimated phase angles from the previous iteration. Numerical examples will be presented to illustrate the performance of the method when applied to typical power systems.
Artificial Neural Networks for Package Thermal Analysis

Thermal analysis is used to predict operating temperatures in electronic packages. Thermal analysis is deterministically conducted using finite element, control volume, finite difference, or analytical methods. Input parameters include package geometry, material properties, and cooling conditions. Accuracy of the predicted temperatures depends on the accuracy of the material properties and the imposed heat transfer coefficient. The run-time for a thermal model depends on the complexity of the package geometry. For a complex computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the run-time may extend over several hours.In this paper, we utilize a predictive model using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The forward and backward propagation steps of the neural network model are programmed using MATLAB, with a cost function that minimizes the error between the inferred and the input data generated using a finite element model. The input data are randomized and then normalized so that the ANN weights can be reasonably determined.The input data are generated using analytical and ANSYS thermal models of a chip-on-substrate geometry applicable to electronic packaging. The chip size, the TIM bond thickness, the heat spreader thermal conductivity and thickness, and the heat transfer coefficient imposed on top of the heat spreader are varied in the thermal model. The imposed heat transfer coefficient combines the effect of the cooling fluid and the extended surface area of a heat sink or cold plate attached to the lid.Various input sets are analyzed to co-optimize the size of the training set, the number of hidden layers in the ANN model, and the inference error. It is demonstrated that ANN methods can be effectively used to predict package operating temperatures.
Progression of depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology in the United States.

PURPOSE Women who utilize assisted-reproductive technology (ART) to achieve pregnancy experience unique circumstances before and during their pregnancy. This study aims to examine the progression of mental health in pregnant women who conceived via various methods of ART to understand gestational time periods of emotional stability or risk specific to these populations. METHODS Secondary analysis of the Yale Pink and Blue Study - a prospective cohort involving women from 137 obstetrical practices in the northeastern United States between 2005-2009. Depressive and anxiety symptoms among spontaneous, planned pregnancies were compared to ART pregnancies using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and its anxiety subscale (EPDS-3A), respectively. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to compare group changes (EPDS and EPDS-3A score threshold ≥10) at timepoints of <17 weeks (T1), 28(±2) weeks (T2), and 8(±4) weeks postpartum (T3). RESULTS 1,466 spontaneous, planned pregnancies were compared to 191 pregnancies conceived via ART. Prevalence of depressive symptoms were similar between conception groups. Change in prevalence over time differed significantly between those groups (from T1 to T3 (β 0.59), as well as between spontaneous pregnancies compared to autologous gamete ART pregnancies (from T1 to T2 (β 0.48) and T1 to T3 (β 0.65). Course of anxiety did not differ between conception groups. CONCLUSIONS Women who conceive via ART have different rates of change in depressive symptoms throughout gestation compared to women with spontaneous pregnancies.
Fluorescent nanodiamonds for characterization of nonlinear microscopy systems

Characterizing the performance of fluorescence microscopy and nonlinear imaging systems is an essential step required for imaging system optimization and quality control during longitudinal experiments. Emerging multimodal nonlinear imaging techniques require a new generation of microscopy calibration targets that are not susceptible to bleaching and can provide a contrast across the multiple modalities. Here, we present a nanodiamond-based calibration target for microscopy, designed for facilitating reproducible measurements at the object plane. The target is designed to support day-to-day instrumentation development efforts in microscopy laboratories. The images of a phantom contain information about the imaging performance of a microscopy system across multiple spectral windows and modalities. Since fluorescent nanodiamonds are not prone to bleaching, the proposed imaging target can serve as a standard, shelf-stable sample to provide rapid reference measurements for ensuring consistent performance of microscopy systems in microscopy laboratories and imaging facilities.
Export Processing Zones in Cuba

In a radical shift of policy, Cuba inaugurated in 1997 a number of export processing zones (EPZs). Despite generous tax incentives and an abundant supply of educated labour, investors have not rushed to the EPZs, except for one firm which has its eye on national rather than export markets. This paper argues that Cuba's EPZs have failed not because they face a United States trade embargo, but rather because employers must pay US $1.50 an hour for labour that receives take-home wages equivalent to only 4 US cents an hour.
Assessment of time dependency in face recognition: an initial study

As face recognition research matures and products are deployed, the performance of such systems is being scrutinized by many constituencies. Performance factors of strong practical interest include the elapsed time between a subject's enrollment and subsequent acquisition of an unidentified face image, and the number of images of each subject available. In this paper, a long-term image acquisition project currently underway is described and data from the pilot study is examined. Experimental results suggest that (a) recognition performance is substantially poorer when unknown images are acquired on a different day from the enrolled images, (b) degradation in performance does not follow a simple predictable pattern with time between known and unknown image acquisition, and (c) performance figures quoted in the literature based on known and unknown image sets acquired on the same day may have little practical value.
Male germline transmits fetal alcohol epigenetic marks for multiple generations: a review

Alcohol exposure during fetal and early postnatal development can lead to an increased incidence of later life adult-onset diseases. Examples include central nervous system dysfunction, depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and an inability to deal with stressful situations, increased infection and cancer. Direct effects of alcohol leading to developmental abnormalities often involve epigenetic modifications of genes that regulate cellular functions. Epigenetic marks carried over from the parents are known to undergo molecular programming events that happen early in embryonic development by a wave of DNA demethylation, which leaves the embryo with a fresh genomic composition. The proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene controls neuroendocrine-immune functions and is imprinted by fetal alcohol exposure. Recently, this gene has been shown to be hypermethylated through three generations. Additionally, the alcohol epigenetic marks on the Pomc gene are maintained in the male but not in the female germline during this transgenerational transmission. These data suggest that the male-specific chromosome might be involved in transmitting alcohol epigenetic marks through multiple generations.
Studies on chloroplast development and replication in Euglena: II. Identification of two different deoxyribonucleases

Abstract Extracts of Euglena contain at least two DNases. One, referred to as “Euglena acid DNase,” has a pH optimum of 4.6, and exhibits enzymic and purification properties similar to DNase II-like enzymes. The second DNase, referred to as “Euglena alkaline DNase,” has a pH optimum of 9.4, requires Ca 2+ , and acts preferentially on heat-denatured DNA. Euglena alkaline DNase is either absent, present in low activity, or inhibited in dark-adapted cells; in addition, the activity of this DNase increases during light-induction of chloroplast development. We hypothesize that Euglena alkaline DNase is a chloroplast-related enzyme.
Clutters with t 2 =2t

Abstract Motivated by Lehman's characterization of the minor-minimal clutters without the MFMC property, we propose a conjecture about the minor-minimal clutters with τ k k τ, where k ⩾2 is a fixed integer. We prove, without using Lehman's theorem, this conjecture for the case k =2. We introduce diadic clutters, which are defined as clutters H with the property that | A ∩ B |⩽2 for all edges A of H and B of b ( H ). For diadic clutters, we present explicitly all of the minor-minimal clutters with τ 2
A study of thirty-eight cases of hydatidiform mole at the Pennsylvania Hospital.

Abstract 1. 1. A total of 38 cases of hydatidiform mole were encountered at the Pennsylvania Hospital during the past 22 years. 2. 2. Two of 38 were of the malignant or invasive variety. There were no cases of chorionepithelioma. 3. 3. The signs and symptoms of hydatidiform mole have been discussed, the problems of diagnosis emphasized, and the difficulties in follow-up stressed.
Ultrafast carrier thermalization dynamics in amorphous semiconductor materials

Summary form only given. Amorphous semiconductors are of interest for both their technological applications and the underlying physics of the unusual properties that result from the departure from crystalline order. Amorphous silicon in particular has become the prototype material for understanding the electronic properties of disordered systems. Previous time-resolved studies of photoexcited carriers in this and related materials have revealed complex carrier dynamics and have shown that, at moderately high carrier densities, the time-resolved response is dominated by bimolecular recombination on picosecond time scales. However, important questions remain about the detailed mechanisms of the carrier dynamics, and especially the initial energy relaxation processes. In this work, we have carried out systematic studies of amorphous silicon and silicon-germanium alloys as a function of excitation density, temperature, and material composition. The high time resolution of the measurements has allowed us to directly address the initial relaxation dynamics.
Chromosomal organization of Xenopus laevis oocyte and somatic 5S rRNA genes in vivo.

Abstract We describe the chromosomal organization of the major oocyte and somatic 5S RNA genes of Xenopus laevis in chromatin isolated from erythrocyte nuclei. Both major oocyte and somatic 5S DNA repeats are associated with nucleosomes; however, differences exist in the organization of chromatin over the oocyte and somatic 5S RNA genes. The repressed oocyte 5S RNA gene is protected from nuclease digestion by incorporation into a nucleosome, and the entire oocyte 5S DNA repeat is assembled into a loosely positioned array of nucleosomes. In contrast, the potentially active somatic 5S RNA gene is accessible to nuclease digestion, and the majority of somatic 5S RNA genes appear not to be incorporated into positioned nucleosomes. Evidence is presented supporting the stable association of transcription factors with the somatic 5S RNA genes. Histone H1 is shown to have a role both in determining the organization of nucleosomes over the oocyte 5S DNA repeat and in repressing transcription of the oocyte 5S RNA genes.
Sexual Abuse Mimics

Sexual abuse is diffi cult to diagnose since there may be no physical findings on the patientâ€™s exam to confi rm the diagnosis. Often numerous other conditions mimic sexual abuse. It is important for the individuals who take care of children to become familiar with such conditions, as well as the variations of normal pediatric genital exam that can be particularly confusing for non-medical professions. In this article the author presents clinical case reports likely to be confused with sexual abuse in pediatric practice.
A method for measurement of sodium and potassium in erythrocytes and whole blood.

The analysis of concentration of cations in erythrocytes and plasma, in theory, offers a means of identifying disease states in peripheral blood. Technical difficulties associated with cation analysis in erythrocytes and whole blood have resulted in a lack of precision and accuracy. This lack has increased the difficulties of using the analysis of blood in the diagnosis of disease. It is felt that the technic discussed in this paper with its increased precision, in combination with previously mentioned research in the diagnosis of disease, will increase the clinical significance of the analysis of red cells and whole blood for the diagnosis of disease states.
Analysis of current-regulated voltage-source inverters for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives in normal and extended speed ranges

For a high-performance PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) drive, appropriate choice of the power converter and of the controller is achieved using computer simulation of the drive system. The generation of a smooth torque at low speeds and the system operating limits in the high and extended-speed ranges are investigated. A numerical simulation of the drive is used to study various control strategies. Simulation results for ramp, hysteresis, and space-vector-type current controllers are presented to illustrate important performance characteristics of each. The nature of current regulator saturation is described and a flux weakening algorithm is discussed in order to achieve extended torque-speed characteristics above the rated speed. >
GENETICS OF LUPINUS. II. THE SELECTIVE DISADVANTAGE OF THE PINK FLOWER COLOR MUTANT IN LUPINUS NANUS.

The flower color of Lupinus nanus Dougl. is normally blue except for the white area in the center of the banner. Burlingame (19 21) reported the occurrence of pink-flowered variants which Harding and Mankinen (1967) found to be Mendelian recessives (pp). Their frequency is low, generally less than 10-3, but a few populations have been observed with as many as 1 or 2% pink-flowered plants. These frequencies are characteristic of several flower color mutants and suggest a selective disadvantage of variant flower color. The purpose of the present study is to compare relative fitness values and two fitness components, viability and reproductive fertility, of the pink and wildtype genotypes in natural populations. In order to obtain estimates of relative fitness values, outcrossing rates and genotypic frequencies are estimated.
Bromine exchange in graphite-bromine lamellar compounds

Abstract A kinetic study of the exchange of normal and radioactive bromine in graphite-bromine lamellar compounds has been made at temperatures of 30° to 50°C. Natural and synthetic powders were investigated. Two alternative mechanisms for the exchange, volume diffusion and surface exchange, were considered. The data were in better agreement with the diffusion mechanism. Diffusion coefficients of 10−9–10−8 cm2/sec and an activation energy of 11–14 kcal/mole were calculated for the natural graphite powders. The diffusion coefficients increased with increasing bromine content. Reversibly absorbed bromine exchanged more rapidly than irreversibly absorbed bromine.
Preparation of metaphase chromosomes in cell cultures derived from an aquatic reptile

Cell cultures (GTS) of epithelioid nature derived from the skin of a green sea turtle,Chelonia mydas, were treated with colchicine at a final concentration of 0.5 μg/ml for 16 h. Mitotic cells were harvested by brief treatment with trypsin-Versene, subjected to hypotonic solution (1% sodium citrate) and fixed in (1∶3) acetic acid: methanol. Giemsa stained preparations were photographed on High Contrast Copy film under phase contrast optics using a bluegreen filter. The result was significant enhancement of the microchromosome portion of the complement morphologically characteristic of reptilian metaphase chromosomes. By this method it was determined that the GTS cell line retains the female diploid number of the Chelonia species.
Simultaneous inference based on rank statistics in linear models

A class of simultaneous tests based on the aligned rank transform (ART) statistics is proposed for linear functions of parameters in linear models. The asymptotic distributions are derived. The stability of the finite sample behaviour of the sampling distribution of the ART technique is studied by comparing the simulated upper quantiles of its sampling distribution with those of the multivariate t-distribution. Simulation also shows that the tests based on ART have excellent small sample properties and because of their robustness perform better than the methods based on the least-squares estimates.