cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Estimates of Fixed Effects in a Mixed Linear Model

Abstract Best linear unbiased estimation, or equivalently maximum likelihood under normality, is the method most frequently used in animal breeding for estimation of fixed effects. James and Stein found that maximum likelihood is inadmissible under the mean squared error criterion and proposed a nonlinear, biased estimator that has smaller mean squared error than maximum likelihood throughout the parameter space in normal linear models with more than two uniquely estimable fixed effects. In this paper, several biased estimators of fixed effects in the mixed linear model are considered. Dispersion parameters are assumed to be known. An estimator that minimizes mean squared error in a certain class is derived. Because this estimator regresses the maximum likelihood estimates toward zero, an alternative estimator that “shrinks” these estimates to their mean value is also considered. The two estimators require knowledge of the true values of the fixed effects, so approximations to these are presented, including an extension of the James and Stein estimator to the mixed model. These estimators were compared with maximum likelihood in a simulation study involving a balanced group (fixed) plus sire (random) model. The James and Stein and “minimum mean squared error” estimators gave estimates of group effects with slightly smaller mean squared error than maximum likelihood. Improvement was minimal when the true group effects were far from zero. However, shrinkage of group effects toward their mean value substantially reduced mean squared error of group estimates. Genetic trend (the regression of group effects on time) was considerably underestimated using this type of shrinkage. Care must be exercised when these “improved” statistics are used for estimating some functions of fixed effects.
Diffractive properties of highly birefringent volume gratings: investigation

We have performed a detailed comparison of the predictions of coupled-wave theories of isotropic and anisotropic volume gratings. It is shown that material birefringence can dramatically modify the diffractive properties of volume gratings. The predictions of the coupled-wave theories have also been compared with the diffractive properties of volume gratings fabricated with polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. It is shown that a coupled-wave theory that includes the effects of the birefringence of the liquid crystal must be used to explain the diffraction properties of these highly anisotropic gratings. Information can be obtained about the alignment of the liquid crystal within the composite gratings from comparisons of theory and experiment.
Mix Design and Benefit Evaluation of High Solar Reflectance Concrete for Pavements

The use of cool paving materials, or cool pavements, has been identified as one strategy that can help mitigate the urban "heat island" effect. One method of creating a cool pavement is to increase the solar reflectance, or albedo, of its surface. This increase can be achieved by many existing paving technologies. This study explores alternative ways of creating high-albedo concrete for use in pavement applications. The key approach is to make concrete whiter by replacing cement with whiter constituents. Fly ash and slag are used as the main constituents because they are environmentally friendly, readily available, and already familiar to the concrete industry. Compared with a conventional concrete mix, concrete mixes containing fly ash have lower albedo, whereas concrete mixes containing slag have higher albedo. Of all mixes tested, the mix with 70% slag as cement replacement achieves the highest albedo of 0.582, which is 71% higher than the conventional mix. It also has better compressive strength as te...
Morphology of Platelike Abnormal Grains in Liquid‐Phase‐Sintered Alumina

This paper reports the microstructural features of platelike grains in liquid-phase-sintered Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} investigated. The flat boundaries of platelike grains wetted with a liquid phase were basal planes. After impingement of platelike grains, flat boundaries progressively changed to curved boundaries which consisted of both basal and rhombohedral planes as microscopic facets. Second-phase particles were observed for most doped samples. Small-angle subgrain boundaries inside platelike grains were also observed.
Self-repairable copolymers that change color

Although the last decade has brought self-healing materials to the forefront of scientific interests, combining repair and sensing attributes into one material entity have not been addressed. These studies report the development of poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butylacrylate/2-[(1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-dihydrospiro[indole-2,3′-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazin]-5-yl)amino]ethyl-2-methylacrylate) [p(MMA/nBA/SNO)] copolymer films that upon mechanical scratch undergo color changes from clear to red in the damaged area, but upon exposure to sunlight, temperature and/or acidic vapors, the damaged area is self-repaired and the initial colorless appearance is recovered. The process is reversible and driven by the ring-opening-closure of spironapthoxazine (SNO) segments to form merocyanine (MC), which are recovered back to the SNO form. Upon mechanical damage, SNO segments of the neighboring copolymer segments form inter-molecular H-bonding that stabilizes copolymer backbone, that remains in an extended conformation. External stimuli, such as light, temperature, or acidic environments cause a dissociation of the H-bonded MC pairs, which are converted back to SNO. This process is associated with the p(MMA/nBA/SNO) backbone collapse, thus pulling entangled neighboring copolymers to fill removed mass and repair a scratch. Mechanical nano-indentation analysis combined with molecular modeling and spectroscopic measurements confirm this behavior. The enclosed video clip illustrates molecular repair processes induced by visible light monitored by in situRaman imaging spectroscopy. These materials may find numerous future applications, where coupling of simultaneous color changes and reversible self-repair responses may lead to new technological paradigms.
Polar coronal jets

Abstract We present ultraviolet spectroscopy of polar coronal jets obtained with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory . They correlate with the Extreme—Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope Fe XII (195A) and Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph white—light jet events. We found that the jets typically undergo two phases: at the first phase the O VI lines show a brief intensity enhancement and narrowing, while the H I Lyα line is not enhanced, and the second phase, about 25 minutes later, when the H I Lyα line shows maximum intensity enhancement and narrowing, while the O VI line is relatively unchanged. We modeled the observable properties of the jets from 1997 August 5, detected at 1.71 R ⊙ . We interpret the first phase as the fast, dense centroid of the jet passing by the slit, and the second phase as a passage of cooler, lower density material following the centroid. Possible scenarios of the electron temperature variations needed to account for observed conditions on 1997 August 5 indicate that some heating is required. We computed models of the temperature and nonequilibrium ionization state of an expanding plasma using various forms for the heating rates. We discuss the model results and estimate the initial electron temperature and heating rate required to reproduce the observed O VI ionization state. We also place some constraints on the origin of the jet material based on the inferred plasma properties.
Cardiac MRI of the normal and hypertrophied mouse heart

With the development of recent transgenic techniques, studies involving mice offer opportunities to increase understanding of cardiac disease. This provides motivation for the current study to perform noninvasive evaluation of the normal and hypertrophied mouse heart with MRI. By acquiring ECG and respiratory signals, the MR image acquisition was gated to both the cardiac and respiratory cycles. Combining a spin-warp imaging sequence with an RF surface coil resulted in short-axis images that allowed quantification of in vivo cardiac mass. Excellent agreement between MRI-determined (y) and postmortem heart weight (x) was obtained: y = 0.991x + 1.43 (r = 0.996). Isoproterenol, at 282 micromol/kg body weight (BW) and 573 micromol/kg BW, induced a dose-dependent increase in the ratio of heart weight to BW of 16.8 +/- 1.09% and 24.1 +/- 1.71%, respectively, which was accurately measured by MRI. These results demonstrate the ability of MRI to noninvasively monitor cardiac anatomy in the mouse.
Toxic Phytochemicals and Their Potential Risks for Human Cancer

Consuming plants for their presumed health benefits has occurred since early civilizations. Phytochemicals are found in various plants that are frequently included in the human diet and are generally thought to be safe for consumption because they are produced naturally. However, this is not always the case and in fact many natural compounds found in several commonly consumed plants are potential carcinogens or tumor promoters and should be avoided.
Perceptions and evaluation of the computerized registration examination for dietitians.

Abstract In September 1999, the format for the Registration Examination for Dietitians changed from a paper-and-pencil test to a computerized design. The purpose of this study was to determine how examinees reacted to the computerized exam experience. We surveyed 304 registered dietitians in Region VI states who had been eligible as of August 1, 1999, to earn this credential. The response rate was 61% (n=185). Average time between completing the supervised practice program and taking the exam was 5.7 months. Most (n=125) found the computerized format to be satisfactory even though 54.7% reported having anxiety about taking computerized exams. The major difficulties experienced by the examinees were scheduling problems and poor communication on the part of the testing centers. Exam takers need to be better informed about procedural issues, exam center environment, and the limitations of the testing centers. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101:1453-1455.
Attachment by Mycoplasmas and Its Role in Disease

Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living organisms that will grow on lifeless media. It has been demonstrated that these organisms are extracellular parasites in both animal and human diseases and that they attach to mucosal surfaces. Some of the mycoplasma species have differentiated, terminal attachment organelles. A definitive characterization of host-cell receptors and the binding sites on mycoplasmas should aid in the understanding of disease mechanisms. This information may then be used to develop strategies for prevention of diseases due to mycoplasmas. The role of mycoplasmas as disease-causing agents in animals was established by Nocard and Roux in 1898 [1]. In veterinary medicine, mycoplasmas have been incriminated as etiologic agents of many animal diseases. These microorganisms are extracellular parasites and colonize mucosal surfaces; thus, their ability to attach to host epithelial cells is an important characteristic. Using Koch's postulates, investigators showed that three myco
Optimal interleaving for 3-D zerotree wavelet video packets over burst lossy channels

Burst packet loss imposes significant quality degradation in wireless video streaming applications. This paper proposes a near-optimal packet interleaving method that maximizes the quality of 3D wavelet video streamed over burst lossy channels with error concealment. The proposed method consists of two steps: (1) spatial interleaving is conducted during packetization so that the damage of the packet loss is dispersed; and (2) temporal interleaving is applied to minimize the expected distortion of lost packets at the receiver under given delay constraints. To allow real-time implementation, an iterative exchange-based algorithm is developed to reduce the computational complexity to O(N/sup 2/). In addition, to simplify estimating the characteristics of time-varying channels, a novel measurement, "temporal neighbor packet distance", is proposed as an alternative optimization criterion of the expected distortion. Experimental results show that the proposed interleaving method can improve the effect of error concealment by up to 50%.
The Role of Virtual Experience in Consumer Learning

Through a series of studies designed to explore important aspects of virtual experience, a new type of product affordances—virtual affordances—is proposed and tested empirically. In addition, the existing geometric and material product taxonomy is extended to include mechanical products within the classification structure. Utilizing these new concepts, 3-D product visualization is compared with traditional 2-D product representations and television advertising. The results largely support the proposition that 3-D product visualization is capable of influencing brand attitude and purchase intention for geometric and mechanical products within e-commerce environments.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists Induce MicroRNA-335 Expression and Inhibit Lung Metastasis of Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer Cells

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was initially identified as a receptor that bound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related environmental toxicants; however, there is increasing evidence that the AHR is an important new drug target for treating multiple diseases including breast cancer. Treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231 and BT474 breast cancer cells with TCDD or the selective AHR modulator 6-methyl-1,3,-trichlorodibenzofuran (MCDF) inhibited breast cancer cell invasion in a Boyden chamber assay. These results were similar to those previously reported for the antimetastic microRNA-335 (miR-335). Both TCDD and MCDF induced miR-335 in MDA-MB-231 and BT474 cells and this was accompanied by downregulation of SOX4, a miR-335-regulated (inhibited) gene. The effects of TCDD and MCDF on miR-335 and SOX4 expression and interactions of miR-335 with the 3'-UTR target sequence in the SOX4 gene were all inhibited in cells transfected with an oligonucleotide (iAHR) that knocks down the AHR, thus confirming AHR-miR-335 interactions. MCDF (40 mg/kg/day) also inhibited lung metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in a tail vein injection model, demonstrating that the AHR is a potential new target for treating patients with ER-negative breast cancer, a disease where treatment options and their effectiveness are limited.
The evolution of newer auditorium acoustics measures

Reviews the development of newer types of auditorium acoustics measures that go beyond the conventional reverberation time. Quantities have been developed for speech and music. Two different types of speech measures have been shown to correlate well with speech intelligibility scores. Research has led to a consensus that a small number of quantities explain almost all of the variance in subjective assessments of concert hall acoustics quality. These new quantities involve only simple energy summations over various time intervals or the decay rates of sound energy and can be readily measured in halls
The Extracellular Nuclease Dns and Its Role in Natural Transformation of Vibrio cholerae

Free extracellular DNA is abundant in many aquatic environments. While much of this DNA will be degraded by nucleases secreted by the surrounding microbial community, some is available as transforming material that can be taken up by naturally competent bacteria. One such species is Vibrio cholerae, an autochthonous member of estuarine, riverine, and marine habitats and the causative agent of cholera, whose competence program is induced after colonization of chitin surfaces. In this study, we investigate how Vibrio cholerae's two extracellular nucleases, Xds and Dns, influence its natural transformability. We show that in the absence of Dns, transformation frequencies are significantly higher than in its presence. During growth on a chitin surface, an increase in transformation efficiency was found to correspond in time with increasing cell density and the repression of dns expression by the quorum-sensing regulator HapR. In contrast, at low cell density, the absence of HapR relieves dns repression, leading to the degradation of free DNA and to the abrogation of the transformation phenotype. Thus, as cell density increases, Vibrio cholerae undergoes a switch from nuclease-mediated degradation of extracellular DNA to the uptake of DNA by bacteria induced to a state of competence by chitin. Taken together, these results suggest the following model: nuclease production by low-density populations of V. cholerae might foster rapid growth by providing a source of nucleotides for the repletion of nucleotide pools. In contrast, the termination of nuclease production by static, high-density populations allows the uptake of intact DNA and coincides with a phase of potential genome diversification.
The Impact of Grit on the Relationship Between Hopelessness and Suicidality

Researchers have recently emphasized the need to develop a greater understanding of factors and contexts that facilitate the progression from suicidal thoughts to suicidal behavior. Hopelessness has been implicated in numerous studies as one of the primary cognitive vulnerabilities associated with heightened suicide risk. This study aimed to address the extent to which grit moderates the association between hopelessness and both suicidal ideation and resolved plans and preparations for suicide within an understudied and high-risk population of United States military personnel. Results were consistent with the authors' hypotheses. Specifically, the relationship between hopelessness and current suicidal ideation decreased in magnitude at higher levels of grit. Similarly, whereas the relationship between hopelessness and resolved plans and preparations for suicide was significant and positive at low levels of grit, it was nonsignificant at mean levels of grit and significant and negative at high levels of gr...
Effect of speech-sound cue on ear asymmetry in dichotic listening.

Under conditions of dichotic presentation, subjects were asked to identify (1) the vowels /i, e, o/ produced in isolation and in CV syllables, (2) the voiceless stops /p, t, k/ produced in CV syllables and from consonant-noise cues spliced from CV syllables, and (3) the voiced stops /b, d, g/ from consonant-noise cues and initial formant transition cues spliced from CV syllables and from final formant transition cues spliced from VC syllables. The same stimuli were also presented monaurally with continuous contralateral noise and monaurally with pulsed contralateral noise.Under the dichotic condition, right-ear advantages were found for stops identified from voiced consonant-noise cues (52.2 % v. 46.0%), from voiceless consonant-noise cues (71.2% v. 61.0% and from CV syllables (76.6% ν. 58.7%). The differences between ears were negligible for the vowel and formant transition stimuli. There was evidence of ear dominance under the pulsed contralateral noise condition which was similar to that found for the ...
When a seizure is not a real seizure

We report here 2 cases of methadone induced Torsades de Pointes with a clinical presentation mimicking convulsive seizures in a substance abuser. These cases highlight the importance of being aware of methadone-induced Torsades de Pointes and the occasional atypical clinical presentations of this condition.
β-decay rates and the role of the d32-orbit in light s-d-shell nuclei☆

Abstract The effects of the d 3 2 single-particle orbit in shell model calculations of light s-d-shell nuclei are discussed briefly. It is shown that these effects are significant in the calculation of log ft-values for allowed Gamow-Teller β-decays.
Theoretical (Ideal) Module Cooling and Module Cooling Effectiveness

When contemplating processor module cooling, the notion of maximum cooling capability is not simple or straight forward to estimate. There are a multitude of variables and constraints to consider; some more rigid or fixed than others. This paper proposes a theoretical maximum cooling capability predicated on the treatment of the module heat sink or cold plate as a heat exchanger with infinite conductive and convective behavior. The resulting theoretical minimum heat sink thermal resistance is a function of the bulk thermal transport of the fluid dependent only on the fluid’s density, specific heat (at constant pressure) and volumetric flow rate. An ideal module internal thermal resistance will also be defined. The sum of the two resistances constitutes the theoretical minimum total module thermal resistance and defines the ideal thermal performance of the module. Finally, a module cooling effectiveness relating the actual module thermal performance to the ideal thermal performance will defined. Examples of both air and water cooled modules will be given with discussion on the relevance and utility of this methodology.© 2015 ASME
Promoting Investments on Renewable Energy Through the Feed-In Tariff Scheme: The Case of the Philippines

This essay looks into the formulation and implementation of feed-in tariff policy in the renewable energy sector in the Philippines and the issues and challenges associated with applying this policy to attract investments. Despite the feed-in tariff scheme being a key policy instrument, it took the Energy Regulatory Commission four years to have the scheme finalized and approved. Questions remain on whether the feed-in tariff scheme will lead to more investments and ultimately contribute to achieving energy security and optimal pricing in electricity.
Progress on the Gene of Rice Clustered Spikelets(Cl)Mutant

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the most important crops in the world,and also a model plant for molecular biology research in monocotyledon.Rice reproductive development directly affects yields and quality of rice.Therefore,researches on rice floral organ development showed great theoretical significance and practical application for both molecular developmental biology and rice genetics and breeding.In this review,the research progress of floral organ development was introduced.Meanwhile,the research status of Cl gene and the prospective of application of the gene were elucidated on the basis of traits of rice clustered spikelets,formation mechanism and genetic analysis.
Discovering What Dimensionality Reduction Really Tells Us About RNA-Seq Data

Abstract Biology is being inundated by noisy, high-dimensional data to an extent never before experienced. Dimensionality reduction techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) are common approaches for dealing with this onslaught. Though these unsupervised techniques can help uncover interesting structure in high-dimensional data they give little insight into the biological and technical considerations that might explain the uncovered structure. Here we introduce a hybrid approach—component selection using mutual information (CSUMI)—that uses a mutual information—based statistic to reinterpret the results of PCA in a biologically meaningful way. We apply CSUMI to RNA-seq data from GTEx. Our hybrid approach enables us to unveil the previously hidden relationship between principal components (PCs) and the underlying biological and technical sources of variation across samples. In particular, we look at how tissue type affects PCs beyond the first two, allowing us to devise a principled way of choo...
High-power excimer laser-pumped dye lasers

The wavelength tunability and high efficiencies of laser-pumped dye lasers have led to their use in several prototype photochemical process applications. A dye laser system designed to produce 100 W or 200 mj/pulse at a pulse repetition frequency of 500 Hz, tunable through the 380–410-nm spectral region is currently under phased construction. The system is based on a master oscillator-power amplifier (MORA) dye-laser chain pumped by an array of discharge excimer lasers. We review the overall system design and the currently achieved component performance.
Practice variability exists in the management of high-grade pediatric pancreatic trauma.

Purpose Management of high-grade pancreatic trauma in children is controversial, although recent evidence supports early operation. We sought to evaluate whether practice variability exists regarding the management of these rare and complex injuries.
Politicizing Undocumented Immigrants One Corner at a Time: How Day Laborers Became a Politically Contentious Group

This article examines how undocumented immigrants become politicized and evolved into a relatively powerful group in the United States. It does so by examining the evolution of day laborers from their humble beginnings in a Los Angeles suburb in the early 1990s into an important component of the national immigrant rights movement today. It addresses the issue by examining the strategic importance of the 'urban' in enabling stigmatized individuals like undocumented day laborers to overcome major barriers and establish themselves as a vocal and potent group in the public sphere. It suggests that once this group gained a foothold and a sense of itself through urban relational spaces, it experienced enhanced capacities to make rights claims in local and national political arenas. The article uses a case study of immigrant activism in Pasadena and Los Angeles, California, and draws special attention to the evolution of the National Day Labor Organizing Network (NDLON).
Isomorphism Theory for the Unitary Groups

Let (D, Λ) and (D′, Λ′) be form rings over division rings D and D′. Let V and V′ be non-degenerate, finite dimensional (right) quadratic spaces over (D, Λ) and (D′, Λ′) respectively. Assume that there exists a quadratic semilinear isomorphism α from V onto V′.
Identification of Genomic Somatic Variants in Cancer: From Discovery to Actionability

The perfect method to discover and validate actionable somatic variants in cancer has not yet been developed, yet significant progress has been made toward this goal. There have been huge increases in the throughput and cost of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing technologies that have led to the burgeoning possibility of using sequencing data in clinical settings. Discovery of somatic mutations is relatively simple and has been improved recently due to laboratory methods optimization, bioinformatics algorithms development, and the expansion of various databases of population genomic information. Tiered systems of evidence evaluation are currently being used to classify genomic variants for clinicians to more rapidly and accurately determine actionability of these aberrations. These efforts are complicated by the intricacies of communicating sequencing results to physicians and supporting its biological relevance, emphasizing the need for increasing education of clinicians and administrators, and the ongoing development of ethical standards for dealing with incidental results. This chapter will focus on general aspects of DNA and RNA tumor sequencing technologies, data analysis and interpretation, assessment of biological and clinical relevance of genomic aberrations, ethical aspects of germline sequencing, and how these factors impact cancer personalized care.
Prehistoric Trade and Exchange in the Interior Plateau of Northwestern North America

Prehistoric exchange systems in the Interior Plateau of northwestern North America are examined in this chapter. Trade relationships between the Interior Plateau and adjacent coastal, Great Basin, and Plains regions are well documented at the time of Euro-American contact and provide a reference point for the study of prehistoric exchange systems (Griswold 1954; Ray 1933, 1939, 1942; Spinden 1908; Teit 1900, 1930; Thwaites 1969). Of the commodities included for trade during the ethnographic period, two materials, obsidian and marine shell, are remarkable for their appearance in archaeological sites extending into the prehistoric period. Indeed, these materials form the nucleus of all studies of prehistoric exchange in the Interior Plateau.
Zielgerecht diagnostizieren — schnell handeln

Sowohl urologische als auch chirurgische Erkrankungen konnen ahnliche Symptome hervorrufen. Die genaue Kenntnis der Differenzialdiagnosen, der obligaten Erstdiagnostik und -therapie ist daher von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Physicality constrained compressive sensing algorithm for electromagnetic imaging applications

The goal of many electromagnetic imaging applications is to recover the complex permittivity of an object of interest. In many instances, it is possible to recover the permittivity from a small number of measurements using compressive sensing techniques. This paper presents a novel physicality constrained compressive sensing optimization program, which enforces the fundamental constraints placed on the complex permittivity by the laws of physics. The proposed optimization program is solved using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers. Numerical analysis shows that the physicality constrained program provides reconstruction capabilities superior to those of the standard programs in electromagnetic imaging applications.
A Model of Biological Attacks on a Realistic Population

The capability to assess the impacts of large-scale biological attacks and the efficacy of containment policies is critical and requires knowledge-intensive reasoning about social response and disease transmission within a complex social system. There is a close linkage among social networks, transportation networks, disease spread, and early detection. Spatial dimensions related to public gathering places such as hospitals, nursing homes, and restaurants, can play a major role in epidemics [Klovdahl et. al. 2001]. Like natural epidemics, bioterrorist attacks unfold within spatially defined, complex social systems, and the societal and networked response can have profound effects on their outcome. This paper focuses on bioterrorist attacks, but the model has been applied to emergent and familiar diseases as well.
Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Older Age Bipolar Disorder

There is a growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder. Individuals may continue to experience symptoms and impairment from their illness despite appropriate pharmacologic treatment. Moreover, psychotropic medications can be especially problematic for many older adults with regard to adverse effects, tolerability, and drug interactions. Complementary and alternative therapies may fill the gaps where traditional treatment modalities fall short. Treatment goals may range from alleviating residual symptoms to improving quality of life and general well-being. There is a dearth of research on CAM in older age bipolar disorder but there is growing research in adult psychiatric populations more generally. CAM studies often have methodological limitations, and so findings should be interpreted with caution. This chapter aims to give a general overview of CAM therapies to consider as adjuncts to standard treatment, including several nutraceutical supplements and meditation. CAM offers the opportunity to take a truly integrative approach to psychiatric care. Psychiatrists have the ability not only to treat troubling symptoms, but also to improve patients’ quality of life. Incorporating dietary supplements when indicated, promoting exercise and nutrient rich diets, and teaching mindfulness and acceptance can be key ingredients in achieving wellness for bipolar patients.
Redesigning an Undergraduate HRD Program With Stakeholder Guidance

The ProblemCurriculum for students of human resource development (HRD) has evolved every decade and must continue this adaptive pattern to match the workplace. However, little research seems to be available to guide development of undergraduate HRD programs. Fewer than 100 publications seem to have addressed HRD curriculum. Of that group, few have focused on the undergraduate level. Consequently, this article provides an overview of the process of transforming the undergraduate curriculum for students at a major southwestern university to adapt its fit to the changing work world.The SolutionThe article summarizes the process steps, the curricular changes, and the framework for continuous curriculum change for an undergraduate HRD program. Change may be incremental and continuous or punctuated by major redesign efforts. The latter require input from all stakeholders to generate a curriculum that is relevant and engaging. Details of the design process from the current case can guide other programs working o...
Translesion DNA polymerases in eukaryotes: what makes them tick?

Life as we know it, simply would not exist without DNA replication. All living organisms utilize a complex machinery to duplicate their genomes and the central role in this machinery belongs to rep...
Microstructural investigation of the hardening mechanism in fcc crystals during high rate deformations

Abstract The present paper studies the hardening mechanism in fcc metallic structures during high rate deformations by incorporating the dislocation network properties. The large scale atomistic simulation is used to study the variations of dislocation length distribution and its characteristic lengths as the strain rate changes. First, the dislocation length distributions at different strain rates are studied to qualitatively capture the relation between the material strength and applied strain rate. It is observed that increasing the strain rate decreases the dislocation network lengths. Accordingly, the required stress to activate the dislocation sources increases. Since dislocation movements sustain the imposed plastic flow, higher activation stress leads to material hardening. Furthermore, the results show that the properties of dislocation length distribution at high deformation rates are different from those of lower strain rates due to the activation of cross-slip mechanism at high strain rates. In order to quantitatively describe the relation between the material strength and dislocation network properties as the strain rate varies, the variations of average and maximum dislocation length are investigated in the cases of different applied strain rates. The relation between the material strength and average length of mobile dislocations is captured using an inverse linear equation which shows a good agreement with the atomistic simulation results.
Secure Mobile Cloud Computing and Security Issues

The proliferation of mobile devices, coupled by the increase in their capabilities, have enabled the establishment of a rich mobile computing platform that can be utilized in conjunction with cloud services. In this chapter, we overview the latest mobile computing models and architectures focusing on their security properties. In particular, we study a wide range of threats against the availability, privacy and integrity of mobile cloud computing architectures in which the mobile devices and the cloud jointly perform computation. We then present defense mechanisms that ensure the security of mobile cloud computing architectures and their applications. Throughout the chapter, we identify potential threats as well as possible opportunities for defenses.
Loss, Uncertainty, and Action: Ethnographic Encounters with Families of the Missing in the Central America-Mexico-United States Corridor

This chapter moves the focus of migrant death and repatriation from the US-Mexico borderlands to explore a wider geography of migration-related risk, disappearance, and death. Based on ethnographic research with both transit migrants and the families of missing migrants in Oaxaca, Mexico, it examines how individuals and communities grapple with the daily uncertainty of loved ones who have been detained, have disappeared, or have perished during their journeys to the north. Migrant families are not simply victims but engage state and non-state actors, institutions, and mediums as they confront the emotional, legal, scientific, and financial implications of loss. Increasingly, their actions span across borders, creating new openings for solidarity and engagement. As migrant journeys across the globe become more clandestine and dangerous, it is crucial for social scientists to recognize the ways transnational families are being reshaped not only by family separation and deportation but also by disappearance and death.
Waveguide Grating Couplers in Overlaid Chips: Efficiency Optimization and Angular Misalignment Simulation

Applying reflectors adds 30%~40% to the diffraction efficiencies of binary waveguide gratings. The greatest angular misalignment sensitivity occurs for rotations about the grating groove axis and rotation should be limited to ±3°.
Why Causal Mechanisms and Process Tracing Should Alter Case Selection Guidance.

Advice on case selection in small-N research emphasizes controlling for confounding variables to facilitate inferential tests of a cross-case pattern. Yet many researchers embrace the “mechanismic ...
Two Dimensional E-Field Mapping with Subpicosecond Resolution

With the development of very high speed semiconductor devices which respond in the picosecond regime, such as the heterojunction bipolar transistor, permeable base transistor, GaAs MESFET and TEGFET, the need has arisen for new techniques to directly measure device response on this time scale. The continuing advancement of VLSI circuits also requires the development of new characterization techniques. The recent development of photoconductive [1] and electro-optic [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] sampling techniques has advanced the art of device characterization to meet some of these needs. The latter has been used to measure electrical transients as fast as 0.46 ps with submillivolt sensitivity [ 5, 6, 7].
Metabolism of Spirochaeta aurantia

1. Spirochaeta aurantia fermented glucose-1-14C primarily to ethanol, acetate, CO2, and H2. Most of the 14C-label was recovered from carbon 2 of ethanol and acetate, whereas essentially no radioactivity was present in CO2. Phosphofructokinase, fructosediphosphate aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, and glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase activities were detected in cell extracts. These data indicate that S. aurantia ferments glucose to pyruvate via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. 2. Whole cells and cell extracts exhibited a coenzyme A-dependent CO2-pyruvate exchange. No formate-pyruvate exchange was detected, nor was formate involved in CO2 or H2 production. Acetyl phosphate formation from pyruvate by cell extracts was markedly stimulated by the presence of CoA in reaction mixtures. It was concluded that the organism utilizes a clostridial-type phosphoroclastic system to form acetyl-coenzyme A, CO2, and H2 from pyruvate. Acetyl CoA is metabolized to acetate via phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase, or converted to ethanol by a double reduction involving aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenase activities. 3. A rubredoxin, purified from cell extracts of S. aurantia, exhibited absorption maxima at 275, 376, and 490 nm (oxidized), and 275, 312, and 336 nm (NaBH4-reduced).
Introduction: A Snowy Night in December

Pennino introduces the argument and theoretical framework for the rest of his study: that the British institutional playhouses of the 1980s and early 1990s offered an oppositional historical perspective to the heritage culture narrative promulgated by the Thatcher and Major Governments. The chapter contends that the history presented on stage depicted a larger and more diverse community that included traditionally marginalized voices than did heritage culture projects. It establishes a definition of history as a conversation between past and present and outlines the criteria for the plays/productions—those that directly engage with the events or literature of the British past—under investigation.
Impact of early headache neuroimaging on time to malignant brain tumor diagnosis: A retrospective cohort study.

Background Neuroimaging for headaches is both common and costly. While the costs are well quantified, little is known about the benefit in terms of diagnosing pathology. Our objective was to determine the role of early neuroimaging in the identification of malignant brain tumors in individuals presenting to healthcare providers with headaches. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims data (2001–2014) from a US insurer. Individuals were included if they had an outpatient visit for headaches and excluded for prior headache visits, other neurologic conditions, neuroimaging within the previous year, and cancer. The exposure was early neuroimaging, defined as neuroimaging within 30 days of the first headache visit. A propensity score-matched group that did not undergo early neuroimaging was then created. The primary outcome was frequency of malignant brain tumor diagnoses and median time to diagnosis within the first year after the incident headache visit. The secondary outcome was frequency of incidental findings. Results 22.2% of 180,623 individuals had early neuroimaging. In the following year, malignant brain tumors were found in 0.28% (0.23–0.34%) of the early neuroimaging group and 0.04% (0.02–0.06%) of the referent group (P<0.001). Median time to diagnosis in the early neuroimaging group was 8 (3–19) days versus 72 (39–189) days for the referent group (P<0.001). Likely incidental findings were discovered in 3.17% (3.00–3.34%) of the early neuroimaging group and 0.66% (0.58–0.74%) of the referent group (P<0.001). Conclusions Malignant brain tumors in individuals presenting with an incident headache diagnosis are rare and early neuroimaging leads to a small reduction in the time to diagnosis.
Safety analysis of long-term phenazopyridine use for radiation cystitis.

BackgroundPhenazopyridine is a urinary tract analgesic indicated for short-term treatment of irritation in the lower urinary tract. Despite the lack of evidence for extended use, it is often used i...
Link Prediction via Second Order Cone Programming

Link Prediction has emerged as an important problem with the recent interest in studying large scale social graphs. User interactions on social networks can be represented as signed directed graphs where the links represent nature of their relation. Positive links correspond to trust/friendship among nodes. Negative links typically map to distrust or antagonism among the graph nodes and are useful in analyzing social graphs when coupled along with positive links. In this paper, we study the prediction of positive and negative links in a large scale graph. We propose a classification-afterclustering approach and design maximum margin classifiers which can be formulated as standard Second Order Cone Programs. Our proposed approach is immune to class imbalance and scales to large graphs very well. We apply this to various scenarios of link prediction problems of separating between negative links and positive links, globally and within a neighborhood. Empirical evaluations is reported on a real world social graph.
Etiological Role of Diet in 30-Day Readmissions for Heart Failure: Implications for Reducing Heart Failure–Associated Costs via Culinary Medicine:

Background. Reducing the under-30-day readmission for heart failure (HF) patients is a modifiable quality-of-care measure, yet the role of diet in HF readmissions and cost-effective HF care remain ill-defined. Methods. Medical chart review was conducted to determine cause(s) for HF treatment failure. Randomized controlled trial-backed machine learning models were employed to assess the relationship of culinary medicine education with HF 30-day readmission rate and cost. Results. Of 1031 HF admissions, 130 occurred within 30 days of discharge (12.61%.) Nearly two-thirds of individuals were male (64.02%), while the mean age and median length of stay were 64.33 ± 14.02 and 2, respectively. Medication noncompliance (34.62%) was the most common etiology for 30-day readmissions, followed by dietary noncompliance (16.92%), comorbidity (16.92%), a combination of dietary and medication noncompliance (10%), HF exacerbation (10%), iatrogenic (10%), and drug abuse (1.54%). Medication noncompliance contributed to the highest gross charge by readmission, costing a total of $1 802 096. Compared with traditional care, culinary medicine education for HF patients would prevent 93 HF readmissions and save $3.9 million in an estimated 4-year period. Conclusion. Though pharmacological treatment remains a focal point of HF management, diet-based approaches may improve tertiary HF prevention and reduce HF-associated health care expenditures.
New Observations on the Distribution of Past and Present Hydrothermal Activity in the TAG Area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (26°08′ N)

Seafloor acoustic and photographic imagery combined with high- resolution bathymetry are used to investigate the geologic and tectonic relations between active and relict zones of hydrothermal venting in the TAG (Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse) hydrothermal field at 26°08′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The TAG field consists of a large, currently active, high-temperature mound, two relict zones (the Alvin and Mir zones), and an active low-temperature zone. The active mound and the Alvin relict zone lie along a series of closely-spaced, axis-parallel (NNE-trending) faults in an area of active extension east of the neovolcanic zone. The Alvin zone extends for 2.5 km along these faults from the valley floor onto the eastern wall, and consists of at least five mounds identified using DSL-120 sidescan sonar and bathymetric data. The existence of sulfide structures on most of these mounds is verified with near-bottom electronic still camera (ESC) images from the Argo-II deep-towed vehicle, and is confirmed in at least one case with collected samples. Two of these mounds were previously unidentified. The existence of these mounds extends the length of the Alvin zone by ~0.5 km to the south. Much of the Alvin relict zone appears to be buried by debris from a large mass wasting event on the eastern wall of the median valley. The Mir zone, located on normal fault blocks of the eastern valley wall, cannot be clearly identified in the sidescan data and no structural connections from it to the active mound or Alvin zone can be discerned. The active mound is located at the intersection of an older oblique fault set with the younger axis- parallel faults which extend into the Alvin relict zone, and no fresh volcanics are observed in the vicinity of the mound. The fact that both the active mound and the Alvin relict zone lie along the same set of active, axis-parallel faults suggests that the faults may be a major control on the location of hydrothermal activity by providing pathways for fluid flow from a heat source at the ridge axis.
Brief Report on PROSPER Academic Outcomes: Extended Model of Crossover Effects on Young Adult College Success.

This study examines crossover effects of adolescent substance misuse preventive interventions on academic success in college. It evaluates pathways of influence on college grades, via effects on school engagement, problem-solving skills, and substance misuse in high school. Data were collected as part of an Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) evaluating a multicomponent intervention conducted in 28 school districts with middle school students. At age 19, study participants (N = 1,488) enrolled in college reported on college grades. The model fit the data, supporting hypothesized pathways of intervention impacts. Inclusion of a significant direct effect on college grades further improved model fit. Results support the potential for universal substance misuse preventive interventions delivered by community partnerships during middle school to yield effects on long-term academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]