cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pore size characterization of monolith for electrochromatography via atomic force microscopy studies in air and liquid phase

This paper investigates the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the characterization of monoliths used in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) while focusing on the nature of the information available from both techniques. SEM imaging revealed a compact structure of non-porous micrometer sized particles homogeneously agglomerated. With a simple AFM methodology, we found by direct observation that the same material exhibits mesopores in the nanometer range while SEM showed non-porous surfaces. These results obtained by AFM clearly showed that micrometer sized particles shrank and micrometer sized pores increased in the monolith when wetted. Thus, AFM was capable of demonstrating the morphological differences between wet and dried monolithic materials that are not possible by other imaging methods at micrometer resolution.
Cajal, Retzius, and Cajal-Retzius cells.

The marginal zone (MZ) of the prenatal cerebral cortex plays a crucial role in cellular migration and laminar patterning in the developing neocortex and its equivalent in the adult brain - layer I, participates in cortical circuitry integration within the adult neocortex. The MZ/layer I, which has also been called the plexiform layer and cell-poor zone of Meynert, among others, is home to several cell populations including glia, neurons, and Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells. Cajal once said that the MZ is one of the oldest formations in the phylogenetic series, and that the characteristics of layer I in human are similar in all vertebrates except fish (Ramon y Cajal, 1899). Despite the presence of CR cells in the MZ/layer I of all developing and adult vertebrate brains, and more than one hundred years of research, the phenotype and function of layer I cells have still not been clearly defined. Recent technological advances have yielded significant progress in functional and developmental studies, but much remains to be understood about neurons in MZ/layer I. Since the time of Retzius and Cajal, and continuing with modern era research from the likes of Marin-Padilla, the study of CR cells has been based on their morphological characteristics in Golgi staining. However, since Cajal's initial description, the term "CR cell" has been applied differently and now is often used to indicate reelin (Reln)-positive cells in MZ/layer I. Here we review the history of work by Cajal, Retzius, and others pertaining to CR cells. We will establish a link between original descriptions of CR cell morphology by Cajal, Retzius, and others, and current understandings of the cell populations that reside in MZ/layer I based on the use of cellular markers. We propose to use the term "CR cell" for the class of neurons that express Reln in the MZ/layer I in both prenatal, developing and adult cerebral cortex.
On 2-factors with given properties in claw-free graphs

Let G be a claw-free graph such that (i) \(k(G) \geq 2\), (ii) \(|V (G)| \geq 8\) and (iii) \(\delta(G) \geq 4\). For every pair of edges e1, e2 of G the graph \(G^* = G - \{e_1, e_2\}\) has a 2-factor.
Metasomatic replacement in the Skærgaard Intrusion, East Greenland: Preliminary observations☆

Abstract Several unusual types of replacement structures in the Layered Series and Marginal Border Series of the Skaergaard Intrusion indicate that metasomatic changes have altered the modal proportions, and in places, the mineral composition of the gabbro. The geometrical forms and compositional patterns of these features indicate that they result from reactive fluids moving through the rocks at high temperatures shortly after the magma had reached an advanced stage of crystallization. The principal effect of metasomatism has been to produce strongly contrasting mafic and felsic rocks.
Which medications are safe and effective for improving sleep at high altitude

Abstract Luks, Andrew M. Which medications are safe and effective for improving sleep at high altitude? High Alt. Med. & Biol. 9:195–198.—Given the well-established problems with sleep at high altitude, it is not uncommon for people planning trips to the mountains to seek advice from clinicians regarding pharmacologic options for improving sleep during their trip. This review article considers the various medications that have been studied for this purpose at high altitude with an emphasis on both their efficacy and safety. The available data support the use of either acetazolamide, temazepam, zolpidem or zaleplon in this environment. Other agents commonly used at sea-level such as eszopiclone and diphenhydramine have not been studied at high altitude but are likely safe to use given their mechanism of action and known side effects. Limited evidence suggests diazepam may cause hypoventilation at high altitude and its use in this environment should be discouraged. Insufficient data exist to determine which...
The importance of audiologic red flags in patient management decisions.

Background: It is essential that nonbenign forms of hearing impairment are recognized and addressed before audiological management is entertained. Purpose: To present an illustrative case and focused literature review of early red flag indicators for retrocochlear impairment, as might be discerned from a patient’s history or physical examination. Results: The presenting history and clinical course of a female patient with fatal adenocarcinoma presenting as a suspected retrocochlear mass is reviewed over the last four months of her life. Clinical signs, symptoms and test results pointing to the diagnosis of ‘‘acoustic neuroma’’ and then ‘‘metastatic neoplasm’’ are reviewed along with selected supporting reference literature. The ambiguous clinical pictures at various points in her history are analyzed, with an effort to point out how early audiological decisions may significantly impact patient’s overall health. Conclusions: Clear communication with primary care physicians, vigilance when audiological results are ambiguous for active disease, and pre-established referral relationships with practitioners in the neurologic and otologic disciplines are stressed as important requirements for audiologists who serve as entry points into hearing healthcare.
Some Pharmacological Properties of the Monoanilide of Aconitic Acid

SummaryThe monoanilide of aconitic acid appears to have no advantages over acetanilide as an analgesic or antipyretic agent. The activity of the monoanilide seems to be related to the aniline in the molecule, as is the case with acetanilide4. No additional pharmacological actions were noted which could be ascribed to the propene group of the aconitic acid.
Welding of Materials for Energy Applications

Materials will play a critical role in power generation from both new and existing plants that rely on coal, nuclear, and oil/gas as energy supplies. High efficiency power plants are currently being designed that will require materials with improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance under conditions of elevated temperature, stress, and aggressive gaseous environments. Most of these materials will require welding during initial fabrication and plant maintenance. The severe thermal and strain cycles associated with welding can produce large gradients in microstructure and composition within the heat-affected and fusion zones of the weld, and these gradients are commonly accompanied by deleterious changes to properties. Thus, successful use of materials in energy applications hinges on the ability to understand, predict, and control the processing–microstructure–property relations during welding. This article highlights some of the current challenges associated with fusion welding of materials for energy applications.
Dental pain in Maryland school children.

Objective: To describe the lifetime prevalence of dental pain among Maryland's school age children. Methods: Data come from the Survey of Oral Health Status of Maryland School Children conducted in 2000–01. History of dental pain, as reported by an adult respondent, was analyzed for 2,411 kindergarten and third grade students. Percentages with their 95% confidence interval were calculated to obtain state representation of the distribution of dental pain by sociodemographic characteristics and caries status. Results: Overall, 11.8 percent of Maryland school age children in kindergarten and third grade have had some dental pain. Among children who have had caries, the report of dental pain increases to 28.2 percent. Children from families with low educational attainment or eligible for free or reduced meals or covered by Medicaid were more likely to have experienced dental pain. Conclusion: Almost a third of Maryland kindergartens and third graders who have caries have experienced dental pain.
DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION OF FLUX CREEP IN A SUPERCONDUCTING-CERAMICS MODEL

Abstract A general expression for the escape probability of a vortex from a pinning domain is derived for a Brownian motion model. In the context of a representative two-dimensional pinning potential (triangular trench) and under specified conditions, it is shown that the corresponding escape probability equals that of an “effective” one-dimensional pinning potential. This result is termed dimensional reduction. Grain and twin boundary geometries in YBCO ceramics satisfy in general the conditions for the dimensional-reduction approximation. As an application of dimensional reduction, we consider a two-dimensional YBCO ceramic model, which constitutes a random, triangular-trench pinning-potential network. The analytical and numerical analysis of this model vindicate the validity of a one-dimensional description, as often applied to the analysis of current transport in the flux-creep regime. The generality of these results is briefly discussed.
Gene expression changes in BVDV2-infected MDBK cells

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a ubiquitous viral pathogen of cattle. The virus exists as one of two biotypes, cytopathic and non-cytopathic, based on the ability to induce cytopathic effect in cell culture. The non-cytopathic biotypes are able to establish non-apparent, persistent infections in both cell culture and in bovine foetuses of fewer than 150 days gestation. The mechanism by which viral tolerance is established is unknown. To examine the changes in gene expression that occur following infection of host cells with BVDV, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), a global gene expression technology was used. SAGE, a sequence-based technology, allows quantification of virtually every transcript in a cell type without prior sequence information. Transcript expression levels and identities are determined by DNA sequencing of libraries composed of 14 base DNA fragments (tags) derived from the 3′ end of each cellular mRNA transcript. Comparison of data obtained from non-infected and BVDV2-infected cell libraries revealed a number of changes in gene expression. Many of these transcriptional changes could be placed into distinct biochemical pathways or functions. Both α and β tubulins were downregulated, indicating possible dysfunction in cell division and other functions where microtubules play a major role. Expression of several genes encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism were downregulated, indicating possible decreased ATP synthesis. Genes encoding proteins involved in protein translation and post-translational modifications were generally upregulated. These data indicate that following infection with BVDV, changes in gene expression occur that are beneficial for virus replication while placing the cell at a metabolic disadvantage.
Methotrexate improves biochemical tests in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who respond incompletely to ursodiol

Abstract Background & Aims: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of presumed autoimmune etiology. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), methotrexate, and colchicine each have shown promise in its treatment. The value of combining 2 or 3 of these drugs is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine whether addition of methotrexate to the treatment regimen improves results of liver biochemical tests in patients with antimitochondrial antibody–positive PBC who responded incompletely to treatment with UDCA and colchicine. Methods: Methotrexate was added to the treatment regimen of 10 consecutive patients with antimitochondrial antibody–positive PBC who had an incomplete response to therapy with UDCA alone or in combination with colchicine. The primary end point was biochemical response. Symptoms and histological changes were also recorded. Results: Addition of methotrexate to the UDCA plus colchicine regimen was associated with a significant reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels beyond those found with UDCA and colchicine alone or in combination. Median ALP concentration was 389 IU (range, 247-1013 IU) at baseline, 300 IU (range, 155-467 IU) after treatment with UDCA plus colchicine, and 120 IU (range, 66-351 IU) after treatment with methotrexate. Conclusions: Addition of methotrexate to a regimen of UDCA and colchicine may be beneficial for patients with PBC who respond incompletely to treatment with UDCA and colchicine.
Radio scene analysis using trilinear decomposition

We consider a scenario with multiple radio sources performing packet based transmissions. The sources belong to heterogeneous networks and their signals may overlap in time and frequency. Each source is characterized by its power spectral density and an on/off activity sequence. A network of sensors performs measurements, where each sensor computes spectrogram of the received signal with certain time and frequency resolution. Spectrograms from different sensors are collected and arraigned in a three-way array, whose three dimensions correspond to space, time, and frequency indices. We show that, under certain rank conditions of the three-way array, it is possible to recover sources to sensors channel gain coefficients, power spectral densities and on/off activity sequences of the sources by decomposing the three-way array into rank-one components. The recovery process is illustrated with simulation examples involving 802.11b/g and Bluetooth sources whose signals overlap in time and frequency.
A review of the genus Mabuya in southeastern Africa (Sauria : Scincidae) : original article

Abstract The taxonomy of twenty‐one evolutionary species of Mabuya from southeastern Africa is reviewed, using the general lineage concept and several diagnostic characters not previously used for this genus. This has resulted in two insular populations, M. casuarinae Broadley and M. albotaeniata Boettger (Pemba Island), being recognised as full species rather than subspecies of M. maculilabris (Gray). In addition, M. punctulata Bocage is given specific status, and in the M. striata complex the “subspecies” punctatissima (A. Smith), wahlbergii (Peters) and sparsa Mertens are recognised as distinct species and M. mlanjensis Loveridge is revived from synonymy.
A new method for the assay of glutaminase activity: direct measurement of product formation by an ammonia electrode.

Abstract A simple, reliable procedure is described for the quantitative assay of glutaminase reaction by measuring product formation using an ammonia electrode. The ammonia electrode is a gas-detecting electrode, sensing the level of dissolved ammonia in aqueous solutions. Ammonia concentration can be read from calibration curves after converting ammonium ion to ammonia by adding sufficient base. Sample color and turbidity do not affect measurements, and samples need not be distilled. The concentrations of the three glutaminase isoenzymes from rat tissues measured by this method are strictly comparable to those measured by other methods.
Electronic structure in confined volumes using spatially resolved electron energy loss scattering

Abstract The instrumental requirements, spectral processing and interpretation for spatially resolved electron energy loss scattering appropriate for electronic structure determinations are reviewed. As an example, the recent Si L 2, 3 absorption spectra obtained with 0.2 eV resolution in GeSi alloy layers 5–50 nm thick are discussed.
Consensus-based method for risk adjustment for surgery for congenital heart disease.

Abstract Objective: The aim was to develop a consensus-based method of risk adjustment for in-hospital mortality among children younger than 18 years after surgery for congenital heart disease (designated RACHS-1). Methods: An 11-member national panel of pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons used clinical judgment to place surgical procedures into six risk categories. Categories were refined after review of information from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium and three statewide hospital discharge data sets. The effects of including additional clinical variables were explored by comparing areas under receiver-operator characteristic curves. Results: Among 4602 surgical patients in the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium data set and 4493 in the hospital discharge data, 3767 (81.9%) and 3832 (85.3%), respectively, had a single cardiac procedure, and 98.5% and 89.2%, respectively, were able to be assigned to one of six risk categories defined by the panel. Mortality rates showed expected trends ( P Conclusion: The RACHS-1 method should adjust for baseline risk differences and allow meaningful comparisons of in-hospital mortality for groups of children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease.
Smoking history, and not depression, is related to deficits in detection of happy and sad faces.

Abstract Introduction Previous research has demonstrated that chronic cigarette smoking and major depressive disorder (MDD) are each associated with cognitive decrements. Further, these conditions co-occur commonly, though mechanisms in the comorbid condition are poorly understood. There may be distinct, additive, or overlapping factors underlying comorbid cigarette smoking and MDD. The present study investigated the impact of smoking and MDD on executive function and emotion processing. Methods Participants (N = 198) were grouped by diagnostic category (MDD and healthy controls, HC) and smoking status (ever-smokers, ES and never-smokers, NS). Participants completed the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT), a measure of emotional processing, and the parametric Go/No-go task (PGNG), a measure of executive function. Results FEPT performance was analyzed using ANCOVA with accuracy and reaction time as separate dependent variables. Repeated measures MANCOVA was conducted for PGNG with performance measure and task level as dependent variables. Analyses for each task included diagnostic and smoking group as independent variables, and gender was controlled for. Results for FEPT reveal that lower overall accuracy was found for ES relative to NS, though MDD did not differ from HC. Post-hoc analyses revealed that ES were poorer at identifying happy and sad, but not fearful or angry, faces. For PGNG, poorer performance was observed in MDD relative to HC in response time to Go targets, but there were no differences for ES and NS. Interaction of diagnosis and smoking group was not observed for performance on either task. Conclusions The results of this study provide preliminary evidence for distinctive cognitive decrements in smokers and individuals with depression.
Management of tactical ad hoc networks with C2 data models

The Army Research Laboratory is investigating the use of pre-loaded reference data for solving problems in tactical network management. A tactical database, such as the Joint Common Database (JCDB), contains information about the tactical situation that can be used manage the reconfiguration of ad hoc networks. Because the structure of current networks closely follows organizational structure, the concept of default operational organizations (DOO) is used as a starting point for this study. The DOO concept is used to address the problem of managing IP addresses in rapidly changing ad hoc organizations while minimizing overhead traffic on congested or low-capacity networks. This investigation applies the concept of universal surrogate keys (USK) to the management of network data within the JCDB based upon unique organization identifiers (Org-ID). The network management data can thus be linked to tactical situational awareness data and to operational plans and orders. Proposed modifications to the Joint Data Model, the IDEFIX data model associated with the JCDB, have been developed to accommodate network management data and to relate the data to ad hoc and default organizations. A working model of the proposed database design has been developed using the Microsoft Access/spl trade/ database management system. It was populated with notional trial data, and exercised with simple network data management tools.
Genetic Analyses with Oat-Maize Addition and Radiation Hybrid Lines

Oat-maize addition lines, with individual maize (Zea mays L.) chromosomes added to the oat (Avena sativa L.) genome via wide hybridization and embryo rescue, simplify the maize genome by 10-fold. Radiation hybrids, derived through gamma irradiation of monosomic addition lines, have less than a complete maize chromosome in an oat genomic background. Maize genes and gene families can be readily located to their respective physical chromosome or chromosome segment by rapid, high-throughput, and straight-forward PCR experiments. Polymorphisms are not required to map a maize DNA fragment with this system. Numerous non-mapping uses of these lines currently underway are described. Seed and/or DNA of the addition lines in various oat and maize backgrounds are available as well as approximately 650 radiation hybrid lines.
The growth of the kidneys in children with vesicoureteric reflux.

. In a retrospective study, 69 kidneys with VUR were divided into 2 groups: One group (A) where VUR stopped within 1 year after operation or conservative treatment and a second group (B) where VUR continued for more than 1 year. Group A had somewhat more severe grades of reflux than group B. The number of infections were practically the same in the two groups. The length of the kidneys was measured at the time of diagnosis and compared with the length at the most recent urography after VUR stopped (group A) on average 2 years and 3 months later and with the most recent urography while VUR was still present (group B) on average 1 year and 9 months later. It was found that 85% in group A had increased in absolute length while the figure was 60% in group B. If the relative growth is calculated (the kidneys' length in relationship to L1 - L3 distance), 60% in group B had decreased while only 30% in group A had decreased.
A review of: “The photovoltaic and photorefractive effects in non-centrosymmetric materials. Boris I. Sturman and Vladimir Fridkin, Volume 8 in the series: Ferroelectricity and related phenomena Editor, George W. Taylor, Gordon and Breach Science publishers (1992)”

(1993). A review of: “The photovoltaic and photorefractive effects in non-centrosymmetric materials. Boris I. Sturman and Vladimir Fridkin, Volume 8 in the series: Ferroelectricity and related phenomena Editor, George W. Taylor, Gordon and Breach Science publishers (1992)”. Integrated Ferroelectrics: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 93-95.
Interactive session model-eliciting activities: a framework for posing open-ended engineering problems

This interactive session is for engineering and technology faculty interested in curriculum reform, real-world engineering problem-solving, addressing ABET criteria, and empowering under-represented populations of students. Participants will take part in a model-eliciting activity (MEA) group problem-solving session and learn the fundamental principles for developing a MEA. Participants will gain an understanding of the process involved in making advanced engineering content accessible to undergraduate students through a well-formulated MEA. They will also map the components of a MEA to the ABET criteria and learn how MEAs serve under-represented populations.
Polymorphism, superheating, and amorphization of silica upon shock wave loading and release

We present a detailed and quantitative examination of the thermodynamics and phase change mechanisms (including amorphization) that occur upon shock wave loading and unloading of silica. We apply Debye-Gruneisen theory to calculate both the Hugoniot of quartz and isentropic release paths. Quartz converts to stishovite (or a stishovite-like phase) between 15 and 46 GPa, and persistence of the solid phase above its liquidus (i.e., superheating) is confirmed between 77 and 110 GPa. Calculations compare favorably to measurements of shock and post-shock temperatures. For silica, the method of measuring post-shock temperature is insensitive to predicting whether phase transitions actually occur during release. Measurements of release states in pressure-particle velocity space are compared to computed frozen-phase release paths. This comparison suggests transformation of a stishovite-like phase to lower density phases including quartz, liquid, or dense amorphous glass. Transformations to liquid or glass occur upon release from peak pressure of 26 GPa and above. The isentropic release assumption appears to be approximately valid. A shock pressure-temperature scale relating metamorphism of silica in shock-loaded quartz is proposed. Neither recovery of coesite nor substantial quantities of crystalline stishovite-like phases upon shock loading of quartz is predicted. Trace amounts of crystalline stishovite-like phases from shock loading between 15 and 26 GPa are expected.
Angina relief with percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical therapy for chronic stable angina

Commentary on: HC Wijeysundera, BK Nallamothu, HM Krumholz, et al.. Meta-analysis: effects of percutaneous coronary intervention versus medical therapy on angina relief.Ann Intern Med2010;152:370–9.
Taking blood pressure: too important to trust to humans?

■ ABSTRACT The measurement of blood pressure in the physician’s office is subject to a number of observer errors and also to the “white-coat effect.” Automatic devices that measure blood pressure without a human observer in the room can eliminate many of these problems. We argue for greater use of these devices in the physician’s office.
Contraceptive Use and Discontinuation: The Social Meaning of Side-Effects

In what follows I offer two sets of comments about contraceptive side-effects studies. The first is methodological, and concerns the appropriateness of generalizing from the type of follow-up study that is most commonly carried out. The second is conceptual, and presents a brief critique of the frameworks that are used to interpret the findings of contraceptive continuation studies. In discussing these points, I will draw mainly upon two disciplinary areas, epidemiology, and social science.
Rural Students’ Social Capital in the College Search and Application Process

Although the growing mandate for higher education creates challenges for students in rural areas, rural high school graduates currently attend college at a rate similar to their peers in other locale types. Prior research has attributed this accomplishment to family, school, and community social capital, yet the processes through which students translate social capital into educational attainment remain unspecified. This study examines how successful rural students access and engage various forms of social capital during the college search and application process. Analysis of semistructured interviews with 30 college graduates from communities throughout one predominantly rural state showed that family social capital provided most students with generalized support, but college-specific guidance tended to correlate with parental education and income. Most students benefited from school social capital, primarily through pro-college climate, peer networks, teachers, guidance counselors, and academic tracking. Students accessed community social capital through supportive youth and adult interactions, extended family ties, and a caring community, but these forms of social capital did not explicitly support the college search process. Although quantitative studies have operationalized family, school, and community social capital as distinct concepts, this study argues that these constructs cannot be disentangled given the interconnectedness of rural families, schools, and communities.
Cabozantinib-induced thyroid dysfunction: a review of two ongoing trials for metastatic bladder cancer and sarcoma.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is a common adverse event associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), but its underlying pathophysiology is unclear. Cabozantinib is a novel TKI currently Food and Drug Administration approved for advanced medullary thyroid cancer and tested in clinical trials on solid tumors including prostate, liver, bladder, breast, and ovarian cancer. Methods: We analyzed the thyroid function of patients enrolled in two phase 2 clinical trials using cabozantinib at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Two cases of thyroiditis associated with cabozantinib therapy are presented in detail, and a systematic review of the literature on TKI-associated thyroid dysfunction is also discussed. Results: Between September 2012 and September 2013, 33 patients were treated with cabozantinib, and follow-up thyroid function tests were available for 31 (20 males, 11 females; age 59±1 years). Thyroid dysfunction was recorded in the majority of patients (93.1%), with a predominance of ...
Theory of domain wall motion mediated magnetoelectric effects in a multiferroic composite

A model is discussed for magnetoelectric (ME) interactions originating from the motion of magnetic domain walls (DWs) in a multiferroic composite of orthoferrites $R{\mathrm{FeO}}_{3}$ $(R\text{FO}$) with magnetic stripe domains and a piezoelectric such as lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT). The DWs in $R\text{FO}$ can be set in motion with an ac magnetic field up to a critical speed of 20 km/s, the highest for any magnetic system, leading to the excitation of bulk and shear magnetoacoustic waves. Thus, the ME coupling will arise from flexural deformation associated with DW motion (rather than the Joule magnetostriction mediated coupling under a static or quasistatic condition). A $c$ plane orthoferrite with a single N\'eel-type DW in the $bc$ plane and an ac magnetic field $H$ along the $c$ axis is assumed. The deflection in the bilayer due to DW motion is obtained when the DW velocity is a linear function $H$ and the resulting induced voltage across PMN-PT is estimated. It is shown that a combination of spatial and time harmonics of the bending deformation leads to (i) a linear ME coefficient defined by ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}=E/H$ and (ii) a quadratic ME coefficient ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{EQ}}=E/{H}^{2}$. The model is applied to yttrium orthoferrites (YFO) and a PMN-PT bilayer since YFO has one of the highest DW mobility amongst the orthoferrites. The coefficient ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}$ is dependent on the DW position, and it is maximum when the DW equilibrium position is at the center of the sample. In YFO/PMN-PT the estimated low-frequency ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}$ \ensuremath{\sim} 30 mV/cm Oe and resonance value is 1.5 V/(cm Oe). Since orthoferrites (and PMN-PT) are transparent in the visible region and have a large Faraday rotation, the DW dynamics and the ME coupling could be studied simultaneously. The theory discussed here is of interest for studies on ME coupling and for applications such as magnetically controlled electro-optic devices.
Fertility in Ewes Treated with Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor

SummaryThe effect of synthetic lutenizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) on ovulation and fertility was investigated in the cyclic ewe. Twenty ewes were given 10 mg progesterone sc daily from Day 10 through Day 19 (estrus-Day 0) of the estrous cycle. Of these, 13 were also given 50 μg synthetic LRF iv on Day 23. Serum LH levels were measured by radioimmunoassay on blood samples taken on Days 22 and 23. Ewes which did not exhibit estrus were mated 24 hr after LRF; the rest were mated 12 hr after onset of estrus. Ova were examined for cleavage 72 hr after mating. In the control group, 6 of 7 ewes ovulated (86%) and 4 of 6 recovered ova (67%) were fertilized. Estrus occurred in nine of 13 ewes before or on the day of LRF administration. Eight of these ovulated (89%) with 5 of 8 oya fertilized (63%). Of the 4 ewes which did not exhibit estrus 3 ovulated (75%) but no ova were fertilized. Another 10 ewes were given 3 mg progesterone daily from Day 10 through Day 19 and 50 μg LRF on Day 21. They were mated 24 hr...
Random Triangles in n Dimensions

(1996). Random Triangles in n Dimensions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 103, No. 4, pp. 308-318.
The Biology of Schizaspidia Tenuicornis Ashm., A Eucharid Parasite of Camponotus.

During the summer of 1921, while engaged in the study of the parasites of Popillia japonica at Koiwai, Iwate-ken, Japan, the writer occasionally made miscellaneous collections of parasitic Hymenoptera by sweeping. Among those secured was found at times numbers of a large metallic-green Eucharid. Realizing that the biology of this very interesting family of Chalcids had never been studied in detail, an effort was made to determine the habits of this species. In the localities where the parasite was abundant the large Camponotus herculeanus sub-sp. japonicus Mayr was very numerous, and was the only species of sufficient size to serve as host to the Eucharid. Several nests were therefore excavated, and the presence of the parasite in numbers in the cocoons was at once established.
Electrolyte alterations in human plasma and erythrocytes associated with chronic alcoholism.

SummaryPlasma and erythrocyte Na, K and Cl have been determined in 64 long-term chronic alcoholics before administration of therapy. Plasma Na, K, Cl and red blood cell Cl were significantly reduced below control values. Erythrocyte K was significantly elevated, while Na remained unchanged. Plasma protein concentration and hematocrit were significantly reduced from control values.
Mollack: a web server for the automated creation of conformational ensembles for intrinsically disordered proteins.

UNLABELLED Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play central roles in many biological processes. Consequently, an accurate description of the disordered state is an important step towards a comprehensive understanding of a number of important biological functions. In this work we describe a new web server, Mollack, for the automated construction of unfolded ensembles that uses both experimental and molecular simulation data to construct models for the unfolded state. An important aspect of the method is that it calculates a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty in the constructed ensemble, thereby providing an objective measure of the quality of the final model. Overall, Mollack facilitates structure-function studies of disordered proteins. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://cmstultz-mollack.mit.edu CONTACT cmstultz@mit.edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Modal reconstruction methods with Zernike polynomials.

Purpose To compare the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques for fitting Zernike polynomials to surfaces. Methods Two different methods, Orthogonal Projection and Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, are compared in terms of speed and performance at fitting a complex object. Results Orthogonal Projection provides an extremely rapid fitting of a surface, but leaves residual high frequency noise. The Gram-Schmidt technique provides a more accurate fit of the original object, but consumes much more computing time. Orthogonal Projection, and its associated noise, may be tolerated in classifying corneal topography. Conclusions Orthogonal Projection has a distinct advantage in calculation time over other methods for fitting surfaces. This advantage may be exploited in cases where accurate surface fitting is not necessary, but only general features need to be extracted for classification. If fit accuracy is needed, then slower fitting techniques, such as Gram-Schmidt, should be used.
Adaptively Secure Broadcast Encryption with Small System Parameters.

We build the first public-key broadcast encryption systems that simultaneously achieve adaptive security against arbitrary number of colluders, have small system parameters, and have security proofs that do not rely on knowledge assumptions or complexity leveraging. Our schemes are built from either composite order multilinear maps or obfuscation and enjoy a ciphertext overhead, private key size, and public key size that are all poly-logarithmic in the total number of users. Previous broadcast schemes with similar parameters are either proven secure in a weaker static model, or rely on non-falsifiable knowledge assumptions.
An efficient simulation method using VisualSim to assess autonomous power systems

Autonomous power system (APS) that exploits local renewable energy sources has potential to provide useful energy at lower costs when compared with conventional energy. Modern APS involves the control of renewable energy systems with intermittent power production; interaction with conventional energy generation; and management of energy storage and consumption. The system configuration of an APS is often complex due to the mix of energy generations and desire to optimize the utilization of the renewable energy. The fact that a large amount of data must be processed within a very short period of time makes the APS very challenging. In this paper, we introduce a modeling and simulation methodology to analyze autonomous power systems. We develop a simulation platform using VisualSim software package to create simulation programs. We model an APS for hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) with solar energy, thermoelectricity, and conventional fuel energy using various communication mediums. Simulation results for solar panels are comparable with real results from a solar plant. The proposed simulation platform is easy and reliable to assess the components required in modern APSs. Regarding communication mediums, simulation results suggest that controller area network (CAN) bus outperforms FlexRay and Bluetooth.
The Strong Magnetic Field Galactic Center-AGN-Quasar Model

The energy storage and dynamics at the center of galaxies is explained using a new construct, the gravitationally bound current loop (GBCL), produced when the galaxy formed under gravitational collapse. Thin toroidal plasma around the slender intense relativistic current loop is bound to it by the Maxwell “frozen-field” condition, and also binds gravitationally to the central object (presumably a black hole). The Strong Magnetic Field model (SMF) explains directly the Milky Way (MW) galactic center radio observations of a vertical magnetic field perpendicular to the galactic disk and the extended radio arcs, as well as the production of successive radio blobs ejected from the compact cores of active galactic nuclei (AGN) or quasars.
Bearing witness to California genocide

Benjamin Madley has written an intensely disturbing and invaluable account of the genocide that white Americans carried out against California’s Indian peoples in the late nineteenth century. Madle...
A priori checking of the light-response and data quality before extended data collection in pump–probe photocrystallography experiments

In picosecond and slower pump–probe diffraction experiments, collection of response–ratio correlation sets prior to full data collection provides an invaluable confirmation of the existence of a light-induced signal prior to full data collection. If a response to light exposure is observed, the quality of the data being collected can be assessed. A number of such correlation plots both for synchrotron and in-house pump–probe data collection are presented.
Single molecule RNA sequencing uncovers trans-splicing and improves annotations in Anopheles stephensi.

Single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing has recently been used to obtain full-length cDNA sequences that improve genome annotation and reveal RNA isoforms. Here, we used one such method called isoform sequencing from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) to sequence a cDNA library from the Asian malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi. More than 600 000 full-length cDNAs, referred to as reads of insert, were identified. Owing to the inherently high error rate of PacBio sequencing, we tested different approaches for error correction. We found that error correction using Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) generated more data than using the default SMRT pipeline. The full-length error-corrected PacBio reads greatly improved the gene annotation of Anopheles stephensi: 4867 gene models were updated and 1785 alternatively spliced isoforms were added to the annotation. In addition, six trans-splicing events, where exons from different primary transcripts were joined together, were identified in An. stephensi. All six trans-splicing events appear to be conserved in Culicidae, as they are also found in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. The proteins encoded by trans-splicing events are also highly conserved and the orthologues of these proteins are cis-spliced in outgroup species, indicating that trans-splicing may arise as a mechanism to rescue genes that broke up during evolution.
Mathematical Modeling of Equatorial Atmospheric Waves Similar to Those Travelling along a Hexagon-shaped Path at the North Pole of Saturn

Hexagon-shaped atmospheric circulation around the north pole of Saturn is modeled by means of the Cauchy–Poisson free boundary problem corresponding to large-scale perturbations of the incompressible perfect atmospheric structure that extend coherently around a full longitude circle. The problem is to determine the unknown free boundary representing the path that is followed by an atmospheric stream. Since the free boundary representing the atmospheric path is unknown, the atmospheric stream is confined in an unknown domain. The objective is to find the inverse conformal mapping of the unknown free-boundary domain onto the domain with fixed boundaries.
Strong 3D and 1D magnetism in hexagonal Fe-chalcogenides FeS and FeSe vs . weak magnetism in hexagonal FeTe

We present a comparative theoretical study of the hexagonal forms of the Fe-chalcogenides FeS, FeSe and FeTe with their better known tetragonal forms. While the tetragonal forms exhibit only an incipient antiferromagnetism and experimentally show superconductivity when doped, the hexagonal forms of FeS and FeSe display a robust magnetism. We show that this strong magnetism arises from a van Hove singularity associated with the direct Fe-Fe c-axis chains in the generally more three-dimensional NiAs structure. We also find that hexagonal FeTe is much less magnetic than the other two hexagonal materials, so that unconventional magnetically-mediated superconductivity is possible, although a large T c value is unlikely.
Highly selective A3 adenosine receptor agonists relieve chronic neuropathic pain.

It has come to our attention that two recent papers [1,2] that appeared in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents (EOTP) covering the patent landscape on novel approaches to target neuropathic pain ...
EFFECTS OF SCAPHOLUNATE LIGAMENT INJURY AND SURGICAL REPAIR ON WRIST CARTILAGE T2 RELAXATION TIME

Purpose: Our objective was to investigate the effects of injury and surgical repair on T2 relaxation time, as a non-invasive biomarker of changes in the biophysical and biochemical status of the cartilage in the wrist. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using 3T scanners. Nine subjects attended scan sessions for both their injured wrist and contralateral (normal) wrist pre-operation and post-operation. T2 relaxation times were individually calculated by each cartilage surface of the radioscaphoid, radiolunate, capitoscaphoid and capitolunate articulations. Results: T2 relaxation times were not found to vary significantly according to injury state. Overall, findings were not dependent on which cartilage surface was analyzed. Pre-operative and post-operative normal wrist T2 values were not significantly different. Conclusions: Articular cartilage changes due to scapholunate dissociation do not appear to result in changes of T2 relaxation times measured by MRI. The lack of significant findings was possibly a result of thin wrist cartilage and limited image resolution. Further development of MRI capabilities may allow for more accurate determination of the time progression of T2 changes with injury (if any) and/or establish the change in T2 values after surgery.
Red Cell Function at Extreme Altitude

the relationship between the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin (saturation) and the oxygen physically dissolved in solution [oxygen tension (Po2)] under equilibrium conditions is the familiar oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC) of hemoglobin. Its position is often denoted by the value P50, the Po2 at which saturation is 50%. If oxygen affinity increases, the OEC shifts left and P50 is reduced. If oxygen affinity decreases, the OEC shifts right and P50 is increased. The principal effectors of hemoglobin function [Ht, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and carbon dioxide] all shift the OEC to the right.
Recurrent Myxoid Liposarcoma

Myxoid liposarcoma is the second most common subtype of liposarcoma and accounts for 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. PET in combination with MRI is excellent at differentiating recurrent tumor from edema, inflammation, and scarring in the patient that has undergone surgery and radiation therapy. Follow-up PET/MR imaging can provide information on changes in tumor size, metabolism, and tumor necrosis and determine response to therapy with decreasing metabolic activity being favorable.
The reactions of RuCl3(NO)(PPh3)2 and RuCl3(NO)·H2O with Ph2P(CH2)nP(O)Ph2, n = 1, 2, or 3: Crystal structures of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes containing monodentate and chelating Ph2P(CH2)nP(O)Ph2 ligands

Abstract The reaction of RuCl3(NO)(PPh3)2 or RuCl3(NO)·H2O with Ph2P(CH2)nP(O)Ph2 (n = 1, 2, or 3) yields trans-RuCl3(NO)[Ph2P(CH2)nP(O)Ph2]2. Depending on conditions {RuCl2(NO)[Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2]2}Cl, which contains one chelating and one monodentate ligand, can also be obtained. Reactions of RuCl3(NO)[Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2]2 with AgBF4 form {RuCl2(NO)[Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2]2}BF4, which contains the same cation as {RuCl2(NO)[Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2]2}Cl, and RuCl(NO)[Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2]2}(BF4)2, in which both ligands chelate. The reaction of RuCl3(NO)[Ph2P(CH2)2P(O)Ph2]2 with AgBF4 has led to {RuCl2(NO)[Ph2P(CH2)2P(O)Ph2]2}(BF4), where one ligand chelates and the second is monodentate, and to{RuCl2[Ph2P(CH2)2P(O)Ph2]2}(BF4)2, a Ru(III) complex that no longer contains an nitrosyl ligand. With the exception of trans-RuCl3(NO)[Ph2P(CH2)3P(O)Ph2]2 and {RuCl2(NO)[Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2]2}(BF4) crystal structures of these compounds have be obtained.
Expertise and Individual Differences

There are several types of expert knowledge, including factual (declarative), skills (procedural), and tacit knowledge. Expertise represents a high level of achievement in one or more of these domains. These types of knowledge are described, along with how they are acquired, and how they are maintained. The structure of cognitive individual-differences constructs of achievement, aptitude, and intelligence is also examined. Together with interests and motivation, investment of cognitive resources represents important determinants of both the level and domains of expertise that may be acquired. Strategies for identifying student potential for acquiring expertise are reviewed, along with the use of various types of assessments, and expectations for talent identification for medium-term and long-term predictions.
Hadamard Transform Spectrometry: Application to Biological Systems, a Review

Hadamard transform spectrometry (HTS) using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) as a stationary encoding mask is shown to be a viable technique for visible and Raman spectrometry. HTS is a multiplexing method that has many advantages similar to Fourier transform spectrometry. The theory of HTS is presented in simple detail using weighing designs to show the inherent advantages of the technique. Visible Hadamard transform Raman (HT-Raman) spectra are obtained and spectral subtraction is performed on a two liquid mixture.