cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil with Hydrogen Gas

Soybean oil has been partially hydrogenated in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrochemical reactor, with H2 gas as the anode feed and source of hydrogen. The reactor is similar in design to that used in a H2/O2 fuel cell, with a membrane electrode assembly composed of a Pd-black powder cathode and a Pt-black powder anode fixed to the opposite surfaces of a Nafion 117 cation-exchange membrane. The PEM reactor was operated at a moderate temperature (6090 °C) and 1 atm of pressure using commercial-grade soybean oil as the cathode feed. The effects of the current density, temperature, and oil flow rate on oil hydrogenation current efficiency and product selectivity were investigated. The oil hydrogenation current efficiency (the efficiency of electrogenerated H2 addition to fatty acid double bonds) increased with temperature, decreased with current density, and ranged from 45 to 97%. Partially hydrogenated oil products were characterized by a low percentage of trans-fatty acid isomers (which are known contributors to coronary heart disease) and a moderately high concentration of saturated stearic acid (typical of nonselective, precious metal hydrogenation catalysts). An improvement in fatty acid hydrogenation selectivity was achieved by increasing the oil feed flow rate and inserting a turbulence promoter into the oil feed channel of the PEM reactor. The use of a bimetallic cathode (Pd/Co or Pd/Fe) increased the selectivity of the hydrogenation process, at the expense of a drop in current efficiency and an increase in the trans isomer content of hydro-oil products.
Closed-loop transfer recovery with observer-based controllers. II - Design

The paper focuses on the design problem related to the recovery of a target closed-loop transfer function using both full-order and reduced-order observer-based controllers. Design schemes for the reduced-order observer-based controllers are similar to those of full-order controllers; hence, for simplicity, only the case for full-order observer-based controller designs is given. Three types of design schemes are discussed in detail. The first one is an asymptotic time-scale eigenstructure assignment method, and the other two are optimization-based methods where a certain norm of the recovery matrix is minimized. Asymptotic behavior associated with each design method is highlighted. Relative advantages and disadvantages of both the ATEA and optimization-based schemes are discussed. A numerical example is used to illustrate the design possibilities from each of these methods, the available design freedom, and the significance of selecting the limit of the recovery matrix, especially in the case of a nonrecoverable design.
The cell surface of mouse lymphoid dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells are irregularly shaped lymphoid cells that adhere to glass or plastic. They stimulate allogeneic and syngeneic mixed leucocyte reactions and serve as accessory cells in immune responses in vitro . This review summarises the surface properties useful in distinguishing and separating dendritic cells from other lymphoid types and in understanding their lineage and function. Monoclonal antibodies have recently identified the first dendritic-cell-specific surface marker.
Update in addiction medicine for the generalist.

Generalist physicians can play a critical role in identifying and treating patients with addictions to alcohol, nicotine, and/or other drugs of abuse. In the United States, nicotine dependence and unhealthy alcohol use are the first (18.1%) and third (3.5%) leading causes, respectively, of preventable deaths.1 Primary care physicians have not traditionally treated substance use despite the harmful effects that addiction can cause in their patients. The objective of this paper is to present recent evidence on recognizing and treating addiction disorders that is relevant for generalist physicians. We conducted an electronic database (PubMed) search to systematically identify recent (January 1, 2003, to June 1, 2006), human subject, English language, peer-reviewed, research articles or publications that impact generalist care for patients with addiction disorders. The search strategy and consensus deliberations were used to identify important articles in the categories of screening strategies for patients with alcohol problems and use of specific pharmacotherapies for patients with alcohol, nicotine, and opioid dependence.
The effect of Brownian diffusion on shear-induced coagulation of colloidal dispersions

The effect of a small amount of Brownian diffusion on shear-induced coagulation of spherical particles has been calculated. This has been accomplished by considering the binary collision process between a test sphere and identical spheres interacting with the test sphere through induced-dipole attraction, electrostatic repulsion and hydrodynamically induced forces. The effect of diffusion is found by means of an expansion in inverse Peclet number. Specific calculations were performed for uniaxial extension and for laminar shear flow. It is found that Brownian diffusion, the effect of which is nonlinearly coupled with flow type and strength, can act to increase or decrease the coagulation rate.
The Ethical Genogram: A Tool for Helping Therapists Understand their Ethical Decision-Making Styles:

The purpose of this article is to address the underlying emotional factors that contribute to therapists’ difficulties in making decisions in accordance with ethical codes as well as introduce a mechanism for assessing the family-of-origin dynamics that shape therapists’ ethical decision-making processes. The ethical genogram can allow therapists to gain insights into the emotionally driven forces that can lead to difficulty making tough ethical decisions. Using the ethical genogram may help guide supervisees as they wrestle with ethical questions and develop their ethical decision-making skills. Suggestions for using the ethical genogram in training and supervision are included.
Implementation of electronic data capture systems: Barriers and solutions

Although increasing in pace, the conversion to Electronic Data Capture (EDC) has been a slow progression. The use of EDC systems should confer improved data integrity, cost savings and a shorter time to study database closure. This will reduce the time to market and cost of new medications. With the current sentiment of the industry suggesting the cost analysis has been accepted to be in favor of EDC, the likely limitation to disseminated use is an inability to implement these systems. If the leadership at the sponsor, clinical research organization and investigator site is cognizant of the barriers to implementation, they can anticipate and mitigate them prior to the users becoming disgruntled and resistant to the new method of data capture. Once understood, barriers such as user input, technical support, user motivation, regulatory requirements, communication with users, timing of implementation, software installation, graphical user interface, identification of bridgers, patient participation, availability of technology, and costs can be better addressed at the beginning of the implementation process and successfully averted. This review discusses these barriers and potential solutions that can assist the clinical trial industry in achieving more wide-spread EDC use and the resulting improvement in operating efficiencies.
The Role of Flank Face Interference in Improving the Accuracy of Dynamic Force Predictions in Peripheral Milling

An enhanced model for the dynamic behavior of the peripheral milling process is described. The model predicts the cutting forces and cutter deflections by including the effects of the flank face interference mechanism in addition to the chip removal effects. The interference mechanism is accounted for by considering the flank interference forces to be proportional to the interference volume. The volume of interference is estimated numerically. The total force acting on the tool is a combination of the forces due to the cutting action and forces due to the interference. Experiments performed on 6061-T6 Aluminum validate the simulation results.
Review of Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys by Philip M. Bromberg

Awakening the Dreamer: Clinical Journeys by Philip Bromberg, published by The Analytic Press, is a dream read, both in terms of its substance and its feeling tone. It is the follow-up book to Bromb...
Contradictions of Economic Growth in the Neoliberal Era: Accumulation and Crisis in the Contemporary U.S. Economy

In the neoliberal form of capitalism, economic expansion tends to be accompanied by rising profits and stagnant wages, creating a potential problem of overproduction. This obstacle to expansion has been overcome in the U.S. economy in the neoliberal era through rising household debt and the emergence of asset bubbles. However, certain trends in the U.S. economy suggest that the past methods of promoting expansion and averting severe crises in the neoliberal era may be becoming nonviable. JEL classification:E32, N12, E11
Effect of heating temperature, pH, concentration and starch/whey protein ratio on the viscoelastic properties of corn starch/whey protein mixed gels

The viscoelastic properties of corn starch (CS) gels were more dependent on heating temperature, while the properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) gels were more dependent on pH. Thus heating temperature (75, 85, 95 °C) and pH (5, 7, 9) were varied to obtain a series of mixed gels with interesting viscoelastic properties. WPI gels showed extensive stress relaxation (SR) indicative of a highly transient network structure, while CS gels relaxed very little in 2000 s. Based on SR results, it appeared that CS/WPI mixed gels with 25 and 50% CS formed compatible network structures at 15% total solids only at pH 9. This supposition was supported by SEM microstructures obtained for dehydrated gels and a synergistic increase in the large-strain fracture stress for these gels. Some synergy was also found for mixed gels at 30% total solids at pH 9, while at pH 7 the mixed gels seemed to contain separate additive WPI and CS networks unlike the case for pH 7 at 15% total solids. In both cases (15 and 30% total solids) the degree of elasticity of the mixed gels decreased as the WPI content increased. Mixed gels (CS:WPI = 0.5) at pH 9 showed increased fracture stress and fracture strain relative to the same gels at pH 7. This suggests that a unique chemical compatibility exists at pH 9 and results in gels that combine the elasticity of CS and the internal stress dissipation of WPI. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Complete polarization mode control of long-wavelength tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers over 65-nm tuning, up to 14-mW output power

We experimentally demonstrate a stable polarization mode operation in long-wavelength tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers over a 65-nm tuning range and the entire output power range (< 14.6 mW) at room temperature. The polarization mode control was achieved by utilizing anisotropic gain properties of quantum wells due to the difference in bond lengths between the constituent atoms at the interfaces combined with uni-axial external strain induced by a stressor. The experiments were conducted to verify this newly proposed polarization control scheme based on the spin flip model (SFM) developed to incorporate the detailed gain properties, cavity standing wave effect, self-heating effect, and strain effect. The experimental results on the tuning characteristics of polarization switching behavior and output powers were reproduced in highly agreeable manner by simulations. The relative importance of the external strain, interfacial strain at quantum wells, and the wavelength dependence of gain anisotropy are also discussed. It is also shown that the fast spin relaxation times for InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) was responsible for the inhibition of elliptic polarization states often observed for GaAs-based VCSELs. The effectiveness of the polarization control scheme was highlighted by the observed high polarization suppression ratio of 34 dB maintained for the entire wavelength and pump power ranges during the reliability testing over 2000 h. The influence of the elliptic polarization state for the optical pump laser was detected which could be explained as a memory effect of the spin-polarized electrons, supporting the validity of the SFM.
The influence of abutment screw tightening on screw joint configuration

Abstract Statement of Problem. Limiting abutment-to-implant hexagonal discrepancies and rotational movement of the abutment around the implant to less than 5 degrees would result in a more stable screw joint. However, the exact relationship after abutment screw tightening is unknown, as is the effect of a counter-torque device in limiting abutment movement during screw tightening. Purpose. This study examined the orientation of the abutment hexagon to the implant hexagon after tightening of the abutment screw for several abutment systems with and without the use of a counter-torque device. Material and Methods. Thirty conical self-tapping implants (3.75 × 10.0 mm) and 10 wide-platform Branemark System implants (5.0 × 10.0 mm), along with 10 abutment specimens from the CeraOne, Estheticone, Procera, and AuraAdapt systems, were selected for this investigation. The implants were placed in a holding device prior to tightening of the abutments. When the tightening torque recommended for each abutment system was reached with the use of a torque controller, each implant abutment specimen was removed from the holding device and embedded in a hard resin medium. The specimens were sectioned in a horizontal direction at the level of the hexagons and cleansed of debris prior to examination. The hexagon orientations were assessed as the degree and direction of rotation of the abutment hexagon around the implant hexagon. Results. The range of the maximum degrees of rotation for all 4 abutment groups tightened with or without the counter-torque device was slightly more than 3.53 degrees. The absolute degrees of rotation for all 4 abutment groups were less than 1.50 degrees with or without the use of the counter-torque device. Conclusion. The hexagon-to-hexagon orientation measured as rotational fit on all abutment systems was below the 5 degrees suggested as optimal for screw joint stability. The absolute degrees of rotation for all 4 abutment groups were less than 1.50 degrees regardless of whether the counter-torque device was used. (J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:74-9.)
Anharmonic phonons and the anomalous isotope effect in La2-xSrxCuO4

A model for the variation of an interionic potential near the orthorhombic to low-temperature-tetragonal structural phase transition in La-Sr-Cu-O can explain variations both above and below 0.5 in the superconducting isotope-effect parameter \ensuremath{\alpha}. In particular, we posit a quadrupolar potential in which the four outer wells deepen as the phase transition is approached. This model can reproduce the experimentally observed variations in both ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and \ensuremath{\alpha}.
Benign proliferative epithelial disorders of the breast: a review of the epidemiologic evidence

Benign breast disease (BBD) is a heterogeneous condition consisting of many histological entities [1], including ductal epithelial proliferations, adenomas and papillomas, and fibroadenomas [2]. Some of these lesions are thought to represent progressive changes in the stepwise sequence of histological changes leading to the development of breast cancer. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that non-atypical proliferative forms of BBD, proliferative disease with atypia, and in situ cancer represent successive steps preceding the development of invasive breast carcinoma [3]. This hypothesis is supported by experimental and epidemiologic evidence. Experimentally, xenografts of MCF10AneoT cells have been shown to progress from intraductal proliferative changes to lesions resembling atypical hyperplasia of the human breast and ultimately to lesions resembling carcinoma in situ [4]; this step-wise development of breast cancer has also been demonstrated using transgenic rat [5] andmouse [6] models. Epidemiologic studies have shown that women with proliferative epithelial disorders affecting the small ducts and the terminal ductal lobular units of the breast are at increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, particularly when the epithelial proliferation is accompanied by evidence of atypia [1, 7–9]. Risk is increased approximately 1.5–2 fold for those with epithelial proliferation without atypia [7–9] and 4–5 fold for those with proliferative disease with atypia [8, 10]. The higher risk associatedwith atypia is consistent with the notion that it ismore proximal to carcinoma thanproliferative disease without atypia. Given these findings, benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED) of the breast are considered to have malignant potential [11]. Our focus in the remainder of this review is on BPED of the breast.
Plaquette ordered phase and quantum phase diagram in the spin-1/2 J(1)-J(2) square Heisenberg model.

We study the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the square lattice with first- and second-neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions J_1 and J_2, which possesses a nonmagnetic region that has been debated for many years and might realize the interesting Z_2 spin liquid. We use the density matrix renormalization group approach with explicit implementation of SU (2) spin rotation symmetry and study the model accurately on open cylinders with different boundary conditions. With increasing J_2 , we find a Neel phase and a plaquette valence-bond (PVB) phase with a finite spin gap. From the finite-size scaling of the magnetic order parameter, we estimate that the Neel order vanishes at J_2 /J _1 ≃0.44. For 0.5<J_2 /J_1 <0.61, we find dimer correlations and PVB textures whose decay lengths grow strongly with increasing system width, consistent with a long-range PVB order in the two-dimensional limit. The dimer-dimer correlations reveal the s -wave character of the PVB order. For 0.44<J_2 /J_1 <0.5, spin order, dimer order, and spin gap are small on finite-size systems, which is consistent with a near-critical behavior. The critical exponents obtained from the finite-size spin and dimer correlations could be compatible with the deconfined criticality in this small region. We compare and contrast our results with earlier numerical studies.
Cardiovascular effects of ethanol in rats selectively bred for high or low sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of ethanol.

The cardiovascular effects of acute ethanol administration were studied in rats selectively bred for high (HAS) or low sensitivity (LAS) to the acute hypnotic effect of ethanol. In chronically cannulated, conscious animals, the intravenous administration of 1 g/kg of ethanol caused moderate hypotension and tachycardia in both HAS and LAS rats. The phenylephrine-induced reflex bradycardia and the baroreflex slope were significantly reduced by ethanol only in HAS and not in LAS rats. In urethane-anesthetized HAS rats, the baroreflex inhibitory action of ethanol was present under control conditions, but it was absent after depletion of endogenous GABA by treatment of the rats with 100 mg/kg of 3-mercaptopropionate. These findings confirm the role of endogenous GABA in the baroreflex inhibitory action of ethanol, and are compatible with the documented differential sensitivity of the GABA A receptor complex to ethanol in HAS and LAS rats.
Intensities and widths of H2O lines between 1800 and 2100 cm-1

Abstract A non-linear, least-squares program was used to obtain the line intensities and widths of 91 air-broadened lines in the ν2 rotation-vibration band of water vapor in the region from 1800 to 2100 cm-1. The values obtained for the line intensities are, on the average, about 7% stronger than the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (AFCRL) Atmospheric Absorption Line Parameters Compilation. The experimental values for the half widths of the H2O lines are, on the average, 4% higher than the calculated AFCRL values. The measurements have confirmed the narrow widths of some high J transition lines measured by tunable diode laser spectroscopy.
Explicit form of the hyperbolic term in the Selberg trace formula for Sl(3, Z) and Pell's equation for hyperbolics in Sl(3, Z)

Abstract This paper gives a version of the hyperbolic term in the Selberg trace formula for Sl(3, Z )⧹PSl(3, R )/SO(3, R ) which is detailed enough to contain information about class numbers and regulators of totally real cubic number fields. Also a diophatine equation is given which partially characterizes the hyperbolic elements of Sl(3, Z ).
Finite element simulation of the orthogonal metal cutting process for qualitative understanding of the effects of crater wear on the chip formation process

Abstract The orthogonal cutting of oil hardening tool steel O1 is simulated using a fully coupled thermomechanical finite element model. ABAQUS program is the computational tool in this model. Emphasis is placed on the effects of the geometric variations of the tool rake face, resulting from crater wear, on the cutting process. Johnson–Cook’s model is employed as the constitutive equation for the workpiece material. The sticking and sliding tool–chip frictional behavior is described by Coulomb’s law, and the chip separation by a critical stress criterion. Four cases are simulated, which are associated with three distinct tool face geometries, i.e., flat tool and two types of cratered tools. Representative results, including deformed meshes, contours of the von Mises equivalent plastic strain, the von Mises equivalent stress and cutting temperature, distributions of the contact stresses on the tool–chip interface, and cutting forces, are provided for each case and are compared with each other. The cutting forces produced with the flat tool agree well with the experimental data.
Some gentlemen prefer bonds

Blondes in Venetian Paintings, the Nine-Banded Armadillo, and Other Essays in Biochemistry. ByKonrad Bloch Yale University Press: 1995. Pp. 261. $30, £17.95.
A seasonal progression of Si limitation in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

We conducted kinetic experiments using the radioisotope 32Si to assess Si limitation in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean between 53° and 71°S from early December 1997 through mid March 1998. A diatom bloom developed near the edge of the pack ice in late November or early December and then propagated southward, depleting silicic acid in surface waters from >45 to <5 μM, and occasionally to <1 μM in an area that extended from ∼61° to 65°S. We performed kinetic experiments of two kinds: 26 multiple-concentration experiments in which the specific rate of silicic acid uptake (V) was measured as a function of the extracellular silicic acid concentration ([Si(OH)4]), and 61 two-concentration experiments in which V was measured only at the ambient concentration ([Si(OH)4]a) and one concentration 30–70 μM above ambient. The rate of Si uptake was almost always limited by [Si(OH)4]a in the Si-depleted waters within the bloom and to its north. In those waters V increased with [Si(OH)4] in accordance with the Michaelis-Menten saturation function, and [Si(OH)4]a often limited V to <40% of its potential maximum (Vmax). Si-limiting conditions followed the bloom southward during spring and summer, and extended ∼500 km south of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) by late January. Seventeen of the 87 kinetic experiments showed no Si limitation. All but three of those non-limiting sites were in Si-rich waters south of the APF. However, there was occasional, relatively weak limitation of Si uptake even south of the APF, at [Si(OH)4]a >40 μM. This unexpected result was caused by very low affinity for Si uptake (high KS in the Michaelis–Menten function). Seventy percent of all measured KS values (49 of 70) were between 0.7 and 10 μM, a range only about twice that reported from elsewhere, but the remaining 21 KS values ranged from 10.7 to 61 μM. Eleven of these were >20 μM, which is extraordinarily high in comparison with most values from other oceans. There was no clear tendency for KS to change with latitude or with [Si(OH)4]a, but there was an apparent seasonal progression in which both the highest KS values and the variability in KS increased with time. The initial slopes of the kinetic curves, (Vmax/KS, a measure of the ability to exploit low concentrations) for the Southern Ocean diatom assemblages were very low compared to other regions of the ocean. In the Southern Ocean data 52 of 73 initial slopes (71%) are <2 (mM h)−1 while only one of 37 initial slopes (3%) from other systems is that low. The lowest slopes were observed south of the APF, which may be a consequence of the high silicic acid concentrations that prevail in that region. The ability to compete for silicic acid at low concentrations appears not to impart a significant competitive advantage in the Si-rich system south of the APF.
Influence of dietary energy intake and substrate addition on the In vitro metabolism of glucose and glutamine in Rumen epithelial tissue

Abstract 1. 1. Ten Holstein steers were fed either 14.2 or 26.2 Mcal ME for 28 days prior to investigating the effect of dietary energy on epithelial metabolism. 2. 2. Rumen papillae were incubated in vitro with glucose (5 mM) or glutamine (1 mM) as well as additional energy substrates. 3. 3. Increased dietary intake increased production of 14CO2 from glucose and glutamine, increased uptake and net lactate production from glucose, and decreased net glutamate and alanine production from glutamine. 4. 4. At these substrate concentrations, rates of glucose oxidation to 14CO2 were sevenfold higher than glutamine.
Drip-applied metam potassium and herbicides as methyl bromide alternatives for Cyperus control in tomato

Abstract Field trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides and metam potassium (metam-K) on density of a mixed stand of Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Treatments consisted of a combination of doses and application methods of the herbicides napropamide + S-metolachlor (2.3 + 1.5 kg a.i./ha) and EPTC (4.0 kg a.i./ha), as well as the presence or not of drip-applied metam-K (400 kg a.i./ha). A non-treated control and a grower standard (methyl bromide + chloropicrin) were added. Results indicated that drip-applied EPTC was injurious to tomato, while the drip-applied combination of napropamide + S-metolachlor was ineffective against the weed. The best combinations were obtained with bed top applications of either napropamide + S-metolachlor or EPTC followed by metam-K, which provided similar levels of Cyperus control and tomato yields to methyl bromide + chloropicrin treated plots.
A multiplicity theorem for hyperbolic systems

Abstract In this paper we show, for a class of hyperbolic systems, that the dimension of the range of the spectral projection corresponding to a single characteristic root λ 0 , is equal to the multiplicity of the spectral point λ 0 , as root of the characteristic equation.
Pentose shunt activity in developing chick retina and pigment epithelium: a switch in biochemical expression in cultured pigment epithelial cells.

Abstract Pentose shunt activity in developing chick retina and pigment epithelium was studied by measuring the rate of 14 CO 2 evolution from glucose selectively labelled in the C-1 and C-6 positions. In the retina, shunt activity declines from appreciable levels at stages 29–31 to minimal activity in the 2-week-old hatched chick. Overall retinal metabolism also declines up to stage 45, but dramatically increases again after hatching. Developing chick pigment epithelium has minimal shunt activity at all stages studied. In contrast, cultured chick pigment epithelium has appreciable shunt activity which is constant over a period of several weeks in culture. This appears to be a switch in biochemical differentiation which could form the basis at least in part for subsequent changes in cell types observed in cultured pigment epithelial cells by Eguchi and Okada (1973) .
Superfluidity of Nuclear Matter

A criterion for the superfluidity of infinite nuclear matter was given in the form of a variational principle by Cooper, Mills, and Sessler, (Phys. Rev. 114, 1377 (1959)). Computations are reported which are an iraprovement over those in CMS in three respects: the effective mass approxirmtion was removed, more realistic two-body potentials were employed, and superior total functions were obtained. (W.D.M.)
Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer

A major challenge for the immune system is to recognize and eliminate cells undergoing carcinogenesis. Immune defense against tumors is complex. It can be mediated early by the innate immune system (i.e., phagocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, cytokines, and complement proteins) and later by the adaptive immune system (i.e., B cells and T cells). The eight articles in this Review series on tumor immunology discuss the mechanisms underlying immune surveillance of tumors, the regulation of carcinogenesis by immune inflammatory mediators, current approaches to controlling tumor growth through immunotherapy, and novel targets of immunotherapy.
Prion protein detection using nanomechanical resonator arrays and secondary mass labeling.

Nanomechanical resonators have shown potential application for mass sensing and have been used to detect a variety of biomolecules. In this study, a dynamic resonance-based technique was used to detect prion proteins (PrP), which in conformationally altered forms are known to cause neurodegenerative diseases in animals as well as humans. Antibodies and nanoparticles were used as mass labels to increase the mass shift and thus amplify the frequency shift signal used in PrP detection. A sandwich assay was used to immobilize PrP between two monoclonal antibodies, one of which was conjugated to the resonator's surface while the other was either used alone or linked to the nanoparticles as a mass label. Without additional mass labeling, PrP was not detected at concentrations below 20 μg/mL. In the presence of secondary antibodies the analytical sensitivity was improved to 2 μg/mL. With the use of functionalized nanoparticles, the sensitivity improved an additional 3 orders of magnitude to 2 ng/mL.
The effect of CD47 modified polymer surfaces on inflammatory cell attachment and activation

CD47 is a transmembrane protein that is a marker of "self". CD47 binding to its cognate receptor in leukocytes and macrophages, signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), causes inhibition of inflammatory cell attachment. We hypothesized that immobilization of recombinant CD47 on polymeric surfaces would reduce inflammation. Recombinant CD47 was appended to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane (PU) surfaces via photoactivation chemistry. Cell culture studies showed that CD47 immobilization significantly reduced human neutrophil (HL-60) and human monocyte derived macrophage (MDM) (THP-1) attachment to PVC and PU respectively. A neutralizing antibody, directed against SIRPα, inhibited THP-1 and HL-60 binding to PU and PVC surfaces respectively. This antibody also increased the level of SIRPα tyrosine phosphorylation, thereby indicating a direct role for SIRPα mediated signaling in preventing inflammatory cell attachment. Studies using human blood in an ex vivo flow-loop showed that CD47 modified PVC tubing significantly reduced cell binding and neutrophil activation compared to unmodified tubing or poly-2-methoxy-ethylacrylate (PMEA) coated tubing. In ten-week rat subdermal implants, CD47 functionalized PU films showed a significant reduction in markers of MDM mediated oxidative degradation compared to unmodified PU. In conclusion, CD47 functionalized surfaces can resist inflammatory cell interactions both in vitro and in vivo.
Manipulating the critical temperature for the superfluid phase transition in trapped atomic Fermi gases

We examine the effect of the trapping potential on the critical temperature ${T}_{C}$ for the BCS transition to a superfluid state in trapped atomic gases of fermions. ${T}_{C}$ for an arbitrary power-law trap is calculated in the Thomas-Fermi approximation. For anharmonic traps, ${T}_{C}$ can be increased by several orders of magnitude in comparison to a harmonic trap. Our theoretical results indicate that, in practice, one could manipulate the critical temperature for the BCS phase transition by shaping the traps confining the atomic Fermi gases.
Interrelationships among subgroups of serum lipoproteins in normal human subjects.

Abstract Analytic ultracentrifugation of serum lipoproteins from 80 men and 54 women aged 27–66 was used to determine if specific segments of the high density (HDL), low density (LDL) and very low density (VLDL) lipoprotein schlieren curves could be defined so as to reveal significant correlations among them. Differences in correlations resulted in division of LDL into three subgroups based on flotation rate (S0f 0–7, 7–12, and 12–20) and division of HDL into two subgroups (F01.20 0–1.5 and 2–9). HDL of F01.20 2–9 (designated HDL2–9) correlated negatively with LDL of S0f 0–7 (LDL0–7) for all groups, positively with LDL of S0f 7–12 except in women aged 27–46, and negatively with VLDL except in men aged 47–66, HDL of F0f 0–1.5 (HDL0–1.5) correlated positively with LDL0–7 except in men aged 27–46 and with VLDL in all but older men. Some correlations were reduced to non-significant levels by controlling for LDL0–7 or VLDL. Correlations of HDL and LDL flotation subgroups yielded no significant net correlation between total HDL and LDL. Total HDL was directly correlated with HDL1–9 (r > 0.97) but not with HDL0–1.5. The foregoing suggests that decreased HDL represents reduced HDL2–9 and may be accompanied by increased LDL0–7 and VLDL. LDL0–7 may represent an “atherogenic” LDL subclass in part responsible for increased coronary risk associated with low HDL.
Separation of limited tryptic fragments of human ceruloplasmin by gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography

Limited tryptic proteolysis of human ceruloplasmin rapidly produces several large, protease-resistant fragments, suggesting that the molecule consists of several domains. In order to locate the sites of proteolytic cleavage in the whole molecule, we used gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the optimum conditions for fragment separation. Using a buffer containing 8 M urea, the 67,000-daltons tryptic fragment from single-chain ceruloplasmin was isolated in a sufficiently pure state for amino acid sequence analysis to determine its location in the uncleaved molecule. These results have been used in conjunction with amino acid sequence data to develop a schematic model of the domain structure of human ceruloplasmin.
Alignment Technique for Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid-Crystal Displays

In high-definition thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT-LCDs), it is important to establish the stability of liquid-crystal molecule alignment. In this paper, we describe the relation between pretilt angle and reverse tilt disclination in the high-definition TFT-LCD at 60°C. We conclude that a pretilt angle of more than 3° is required to prevent the occurrence of the reverse tilt disclination. Next, we consider this result, using a brief computer simulation on the electric field distribution in the TFT-LCD. Then, we describe the temperature dependence of the pretilt angle. We conclude that we can control the magnitude of pretilt angle by changing liquid crystal, polyimide material and process conditions, but the pretilt angle decreases at the same rate as the temperature becomes higher, without dependence on these parameters.
Epstein-Barr virus and persistent graft dysfunction after liver transplantation

Epstein-Barr virus infection has been associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, depending on the immune status of the host. In this report, we describe two liver transplant patients who received hepatic allografts from donors serologically positive for Epstein-Barr virus and who experienced primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus associated with prolonged liver graft dysfunction. In both patients, Epstein-Barr serologies converted within 3 mo of liver transplantation, and hepatic histological study revealed mononuclear infiltration of the sinusoids evolving to pronounced immunoblastic features suggestive of evolving lymphoma. In both cases, in situ hybridization studies confirmed the presence of Epstein-Barr virus genome in the liver. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that high levels of Epstein-Barr virus DNA were present in biopsy specimens obtained during the episode of acute hepatitis that followed Epstein-Barr virus seroconversion. The degree of Epstein-Barr virus DNA estimated by polymerase chain reaction appeared to increase in parallel with the progression of parenchymal lymphocytic infiltrates. In one patient, a biopsy sample from a cervical node also revealed high levels of Epstein-Barr virus DNA estimated using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Furthermore, in these patients, Epstein-Barr virus DNA levels appeared to decrease dramatically after discontinuing azathioprine administration and beginning treatment with acyclovir. These two cases illustrate the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus immune regulation and confirm chronic hepatic allograft dysfunction related to Epstein-Barr viral infection. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:282–286.)
A Hemorrhagic Condition in Chicks Fed Simplified Rations

Abstract SIMPLIFIED rations have been used successfully by many workers in broiler chick nutrition studies. In the course of an investigation with such rations at this Station, a considerable mortality in the experimental birds was attributed to a hemorrhagic condition. This condition resembled the avitaminosis K syndrome described by Dam (1935) and by Almquist and Stokstad (1935 a, b). Since rations similar to those employed in this work are commonly used by other investigators and in commercial broiler production, an evaluation of this hemorrhagic condition seemed advisable. EXPERIMENTAL New Hampshire chicks hatched from the University flock were used in these experiments. The layers were maintained on deep litter and received a standard laying ration which contained 3 percent alfalfa meal. According to the work of Cravens et al. (1941) this level of alfalfa meal in the laying flock ration should provide an adequate intake of vitamin K. When the chicks were …
Site - 2548 of the leptin gene is associated with gender-specific trends in newborn size and cord leptin levels

Objective. Circulating leptin levels positively correlate with adult BMI and size at birth. Previous studies found gender-specific associations between polymorphisms in the leptin gene and postnatal obesity-related traits or circulating leptin levels. We examined the relationships among leptin gene polymorphisms, size for gestational age, umbilical cord leptin, and gender. Methods. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in the leptin gene in 261 newborns (72 low birth weight Caucasians, 189 randomly-selected African-Americans). In African-Americans, umbilical cord leptin and free testosterone levels were measured. Linear regression was used to identify significant predictors of size for gestational age or cord leptin levels and gender×genotype interaction effects. Results. There is a significant interaction between gender and genotype at site −2548 (A/G). Among low birth weight Caucasians, the A allele was associated with an increase in female size for gestational age, while the A allel...
Semantic Priming of Motor Task Performance in Young Adults: Implications for Occupational Therapy

OBJECTIVE. To investigate whether the performance of a multisegment motor task is influenced by reading a segment-specific action word. METHOD. Twenty-four participants performed tasks that involved reaching for a bottle, grasping it, lifting and placing it on a shelf, and returning their hand to the starting position. At the initiation of each task, participants read either aloud or silently five randomly provided, task-related words (reach, grasp, lift, place, and return). RESULTS. Reading task-related words significantly affected the reach and lift/place segments in the direction of the hypothesis (p < 0.05) but not the return segments. Grasp times were shorter and grasp velocities were higher when participants read aloud or silently the words grasp and place for the grasp segment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION. The results suggest that in young adults, motor performance may be influenced by precuing or priming the brain with performance-related words. A meaning of a motor performance can be manipulated by contextually relevant language, which can facilitate performance
Maternal Bone Lead Contribution to Blood Lead during and after Pregnancy

We examined bone lead contribution to blood lead in a group of 311 immigrant women, 99% from Latin America, during the third trimester of pregnancy and 1 to 2 months after delivery. We measured in vivo tibia and calcaneus (heel) bone lead concentration in the postdelivery period with K shell X-ray fluorescence. Prenatal and postnatal geometric mean (range) blood lead level was 2.2 microg/dL (0.4 to 38.7) and 2.8 microg/dL (0.4 to 25.4), reflecting low current exposure. Postnatal blood lead level was significantly higher than prenatal (P<0.0001). Mean (range) tibia and calcaneus lead concentration was 6.7 microg/g (-33.7 to 62.2) and 8.4 microg/g (- 30.1 to 66.4), reflecting varying but elevated past lead exposure. Mean calcaneus lead concentration was significantly higher than mean tibia lead concentration (P = 0.055). Variance-weighted multiple regression and structural equation models showed that both calcaneus and tibia lead were directly associated with prenatal blood lead but only calcaneus lead was associated with postnatal blood lead. Increasing natural log years in the United States independently predicted decreasing calcaneus and third-trimester blood lead. The data suggest that while some exogenous lead sources and modulators of blood lead level, such as use of lead-glazed pottery and calcium in the diet, control lead exposure during and after pregnancy, endogenous lead sources from past exposure before immigration continue to influence blood lead levels in this sample.
Le comportement politique des Québécoises lors de la campagne référendaire de 1995 : une application de la théorie du dépistage

L’hypothese centrale est que les femmes sont plus sensibles que les hommes a certains messages des gouvernements et que les deux groupes entretiennent des rapports differents avec l’Etat. Dans le contexte du referendum quebecois de 1995, cette hypothese a ete soumise a un modele d’analyse socioculturel de la dynamique electorale, la theorie du depistage. Celle-ci retrace le processus cognitif par lequel les electeurs arrivent a determiner leurs intentions de vote apres des etapes d’observation, d’evaluation, de discussion et de decision. Dans le cas precis de l’appui partisan des Quebecoises entre 1994 et 1995, le modele permet de mieux comprendre pourquoi les femmes francophones ont legerement favorise le camp du OUI a la fin de la campagne referendaire.
Neonates with tongue-based airway obstruction: a systematic review.

Objective. In this systematic review, the authors summarize the current evidence in the literature regarding diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes in neonates with tongue-based airway obstru...
Modeling of wind power production forecast errors for wind integration studies

In wind integration studies, accurate representations of the wind power output from potential wind power plants and corresponding representations of wind power forecasts are needed, and typically used in a production cost simulation. Two methods for generating “synthetic” wind power forecasts that capture the statistical trends and characteristics found in commercial forecasting techniques are presented. These two methods are based on auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) models and the Markov random walk method. Statistical criteria are suggested for evaluation of wind power forecast performance, and both synthetic forecast methods proposed are evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The forecast performance is then compared with a commercial forecast used for an operational wind power plant in the Northwestern United States evaluated using the same statistical performance measures. These quantitative evaluation parameters are monitored during specific months of the year, during rapid ramping events, and at all times. The best ARMA based models failed to replicate the auto-regressive decay of forecast errors associated with commercial forecasts. A modification to the Markov method, consisting of adding a dimension to the state transition array, allowed the forecast time series to depend on multiple inputs. This improvement lowered the artificial variability in the original time series. The overall performance of this method was better than for the ARMA based models, and provides a suitable technique for use in creating a synthetic wind forecast for a wind integration study.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Carboxypeptidase inhibitor from ripened tomatoes; Purification and properties

A polypeptide which inhibits pancreatic carboxypeptidases has been purified from extracts of tomato fruit (Lycopersicum esculentum). The purification procedure involves chromatography on immobilized carboxypeptidase A and gel filtration, and yields homogeneous inhibitor as judged by disc gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. The inhibitor from tomatoes contains 38 amino acid residues and is related to one from potato tubers as determined by a comparison of their amino acid compositions and by cross-reactivity against anti-potato inhibitor antibodies. Inhibition studies indicate that bovine carboxypeptidase A, porcine carboxypeptidase B, and a carboxypeptidase from Streptomyces griseus bind to the inhibitors from tomato and potato with approximately the same free energy of association.
Spatial and temporal variability in South San Francisco Bay (USA). II. Temporal changes in salinity, suspended sediments, and phytoplankton biomass and productivity over tidal time scales

Short-term variability of a conservative quantity (salinity) and two nonconservative quantities (chlorophyll a, suspended particulate matter) was measured across a sampling grid in the South San Francisco Bay estuary. Surface measurements were made every 2 h at each of 29 (or 38) sites, on four different dates representing a range of tidal current regimes over the neap-spring cycle. From the distribution of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) and turbidity (SPM), we also estimated daily productivity and its variability at each site over the four tide cycles. As a general rule, both chlorophyll a and SPM concentrations varied about 50% from their tidal-means. However derived daily productivity varied less (about 15% from the mean) over a tidal cycle. Both chlorophyll a and SPM varied periodically with tidal stage (increasing on ebbing currents), suggesting that the short-term variability results simply from the tidal advection of spatial gradients. Calculation of the advective flux (current speed times spatial gradient) was used to test this hypothesis. For surface salinity, most (70–80%) of the observed intratidal variability was correlated with the tidal flux, both in the deep channel and over the lateral shoals. However the short-term variability of SPM concentration was only weakly correlated with the advective flux, indicating that local sources of SPM (resuspension) are important. Hourly changes in chlorophyll a were highly correlated with the advective flux in the deep channel (implying that phytoplankton biomass is conservative over short time scales there); however, chlorophyll a variability was only weakly correlated with the advective flux over the shoals, implying that local sources/sinks are important there. Hence, the magnitude and mechanisms of intratidal variability differ among constituents and among bathymetric regimes in this estuary.