cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family-based QTL mapping of heat stress tolerance in primitive tetraploid wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.)

Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and markers associated with heat and drought tolerance is warranted for marker-assisted selection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs in areas prone to these abiotic stresses. Our study used a family-based mapping approach in which 19 families consisting of 384 individuals were developed by three-way crosses involving the heat tolerant, tetraploid cultivated emmer (Triticum turgidum L. var dicoccum) genotype IG45069 and ten heat susceptible tetraploid genotypes, IG44999, IG44961, IG45413, IG83047, IG45441, IG127682, IG45448, IG110572, IG88723 and IG54073, in order to detect QTL and markers associated with heat tolerance. The 384 individuals were phenotyped for physiological traits associated with heat tolerance and genotyped by SSR markers. The QTL associated with heat stress tolerance, as measured by chlorophyll content, flag leaf temperature depression (FLTD) and individual kernel weight (IKW) were mapped on chromosomes 1B (QChlc.tamu-1B), 2B (QFlt.tamu-2B), and 5A (QIkw.tamu-5A), respectively, using linkage analysis. Alleles from IG45069 possessed the highest associations with the phenotypic data for the studied traits. This study demonstrates that a family-based mapping approach can be utilized in rapid detection of QTL associated with heat tolerance in wheat based on linkage and association analyses.
Analysis of NMR and conductivity-relaxation measurements in glassy Li2S-SiS2 fast-ion conductors.

$^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ nuclear spin-lattice relaxation (NSR) and Li-ion electrical-conductivity relaxation (ECR) data of (${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$S${)}_{0.56}$(${\mathrm{SiS}}_{2}$${)}_{0.44}$, a glassy fast-ionic conductor, have been reanalyzed. Both NSR and ECR data are fitted by using a stretched exponential, exp[-(t/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$], for the correlation function in each relaxation. It is found that ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ for NSR can be several orders of magnitude longer than ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ for ECR at the same temperature, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{\mathit{s}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}$ are not the same with ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{\mathit{s}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}$, and the activation energy ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{s}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ is significantly larger than ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$. In this contribution we show how these pronounced differences of the parameters in the correlation functions of NSR and ECR are explained in the framework of the coupling model. An additional predicted relation: ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{\mathit{s}}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{s}}^{\mathrm{*}}$=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ is found to be consistent with the experimental data and the common value of the two products is identified naturally with the true single ion activation energy. The constraints that these experimental data impose on any viable theory of the dynamics of carriers in glassy ionic conductors are discussed.
Piezomagnetism and fatigue

Piezomagnetism refers to a change in the intrinsic magnetization of a material subjected to mechanical actions such as tension or compression. In a ferromagnet such as a mild steel these effects are easily measured: typically a stress of or 140 MPa induces a magnetic moment of the order of emu or , resulting in flux densities in the range 10 mG or T in the vicinity of the specimen. Since piezomagnetic effects are due to interactions between the mechanical and magnetic mesostructure of materials microplastic processes that alter the arrangement of the ferromagnetic domain structure affect the intensity of the associated magnetic fields. The progressive degradation of such materials under cyclic loading can therefore be tracked by following the evolution of the piezomagnetic field. Specifically, if the measurements are displayed as loci in a three-dimensional stress - strain - field (B) space, the approach to fatigue failure is paralleled by a series of conspicuous geometric transformations of these curves. Complementary information also appears in continuous-time records of B(t): these magnetograms clearly show the abrupt incidence of `infarcts' (microcracks) and the cumulation of phase shifts as the material degrades.
White-light velocimetry

RADIATION reflected from a moving object experiences a Doppler shift in its frequency. This basic phenomenon underlies practical interferometric techniques for remote velocity measurement used widely in meteorology and law enforcement, as well as in medicine1 (using acoustic waves) and other fields of science and engineering2–5. Existing velocimetric techniques use coherent quasi-monochromatic sources of illumination, which, for optical applications, generally limits practical sources to lasers operating in single-frequency mode. Such sources are not, however, sufficiently powerful for applications where simultaneous velocity measurements at many points on a target are desired. Here we describe a technique for remote velocity measurement that uses broadband incoherent illumination. The viability of this technique is demonstrated by measuring the velocity of a target moving at 16 m s−1 using white light from an incandescent source. Powerful, compact and inexpensive radiation sources (such as flash and arc lamps, or lasers operating at several wavelengths) can now be exploited for high-power applications of remote-target velocimetry.
Temperature and Residence Time Controls on an Estuarine Harmful Algal Bloom: Modeling Hydrodynamics and Alexandrium fundyense in Nauset Estuary

A highly resolved, 3-d model of hydrodynamics and Alexandrium fundyense in an estuarine embayment has been developed to investigate the physical and biological controls on a recurrent harmful algal bloom. Nauset estuary on Cape Cod (MA, USA) consists of three salt ponds connected to the ocean through a shallow marsh and network of tidal channels. The model is evaluated using quantitative skill metrics against observations of physical and biological conditions during three spring blooms. The A. fundyense model is based on prior model applications for the nearby Gulf of Maine, but notable modifications were made to be consistent with the Nauset observations. The dominant factors controlling the A. fundyense bloom in Nauset were the water temperature, which regulates organism growth rates, and the efficient retention of cells due to bathymetric constraints, stratification, and cell behavior (diel vertical migration). Spring-neap variability in exchange altered residence times, but for cell retention to be substantially longer than the cell doubling time required both active vertical migration and stratification that inhibits mixing of cells into the surface layer by wind and tidal currents. Unlike in the Gulf of Maine, the model results were relatively insensitive to cyst distributions or germination rates. Instead, in Nauset, high apparent rates of vegetative cell division by retained populations dictated bloom development. Cyst germination occurred earlier in the year than in the Gulf of Maine, suggesting that Nauset cysts have different controls on germination timing. The model results were relatively insensitive to nutrient concentrations, due to eutrophic conditions in the highly impacted estuary or due to limitations in the spatial and temporal resolution of nutrient sampling. Cell loss rates were inferred to be extremely low during the growth phase of the bloom, but increased rapidly during the final phase due to processes that remain uncertain. The validated model allows a quantitative assessment of the factors that contribute to the development of a recurrent harmful algal bloom and provides a framework for assessing similarly impacted coastal systems.
Defense spending and the macroeconomy

Given Kinsella's (1990, 1991) appeal for analysis to be pursued using sub‐annual level of data, we pursue such an endeavor in this paper. We examime the effect of defence spending on real output, the unemployment rate, price level, and interest rate covering a quarterly time frame 1960:1 to 1988:1 using an unrestricted vector autoregression framework. Our results parallel the findings of Kinsella in that there appears no causal relationship in either direction between defence spending and economic performance.
Gasoline price predictability in a border metropolitan economy

This study examines the predictability of local retail gasoline prices in the El Paso metropolitan economy. Given its location on the border with Mexico, the potential influence of cross-border economic variables on gasoline prices in El Paso is taken into account. The study uses monthly frequency time series data from 2001 to 2013. Because historical consumption data are not available, the error correction econometric model employs a reduced form equation in which gasoline prices are functionally dependent on several explanatory variables. Out-of-sample price simulations are compared against random walk and random walk with drift benchmarks. Results obtained indicate that the econometric approach performs fairly well relative to both benchmarks.
IF JERUSALEM STOOD: THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM AND CHRISTIAN ANTI-JUDAISM

Asking what would have been the case had the Jewish War of 66-70 CE not ended with the destruction of the Temple demonstrates the momentous consequences of those events for the history of Christianity and of anti-Judaism in Western culture. That the war might not have occurred or might have been nipped in the bud is a consensus view of Jewish, Roman and primitive Christian authors. That its consequences fueled a perception of Jews as abominable or rightly abandoned by their own God can be documented in both Roman and Christian texts. But the most disastrous consequence of the events of 66-70 CE was the anti-Judaism which is embedded in the Christian imagination through the canonical Gospels. Their accounts of the divinely authorized breech between followers of Jesus messiah and fellow Jews would never have been credible had moderate Jewish voices quelled the rebellion. Christianity would have remained a Jewish movement which incorporated Gentiles into God's people and anti-Judaism would not have been inscribed on the Western imagination.
Sight word instruction for students with autism: an evaluation of the evidence base.

This paper reviews the evidence on sight word instruction as a method of teaching students with autism and significant cognitive and verbal limitations to read printed words. Nine single-subject studies were rated using Reichow et al.’s (J Autism Dev Disord 38:1311–1319, 2008) evaluative method for identifying evidence-based practice, and studies with at least adequate methodology were analyzed to identify common intervention features. Results yielded evidence in support of a massed trials approach featuring student response to a succession of items, differential positive reinforcement, systematic prompting, and use of visual supports. Across studies, students learned to identify printed words, even those with limited oral language and no prior reading instruction. However, no studies addressed the effects of sight word instruction on broad literacy outcomes.
Development of a capillary zone electrophoresis assay to examine the disposition of [D-pen2,5]enkephalin in rats.

Abstract A novel capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) assay method was developed to evaluate the systemic disposition of [ d -pen 2,5 ]enkephalin (DPDPE) in rats. DPDPE was recovered from serum samples (200 μl) by solid-phase extraction. Complete resolution of DPDPE and the internal standard ([ d -ser 2 ]leucine-enkephalin; DSLET) from other serum components was achieved within 15 min on a 50-μm I.D. capillary column with borate buffer (25 m M , pH 8.3). The peak-height ratio (DPDPE to DSLET) was linear through 100 μg/ml, with a detection limit of 250 ng/ml in serum, when absorbance of the column eluent was monitored at 210 nm. Serum samples obtained from rats after a 10 mg/kg intravenous bolus dose of DPDPE were analyzed with the present CZE method. The results suggest that CZE is a useful technique for quantitating therapeutic peptides in biological matrices.
Grazing Research in the Humid East: A Historical Perspective

A historical perspective of the major developments in grazing research for the humid Eastern USA was addressed. Consideration was given to the emergence of the area of grazing research relative to the initial structure of agricultural institutions, the orientation of scientist within the constraints of the institutional boundaries (departments) and the carry-through noted today. Early grazing research was constrained to the informal literature and discussed as informational, demonstrational, and experimental. The milestones that have been achieved, including statistical application, conceptual assessment, description of grazing management, methods of computing pasture yields, the origin and use of put-and-take stocking, pasture and animal biomass relationships, choice of stocking method, flexible grazing, and measurements in recent grazing research are presented and discussed relative to their origin and application. Furthermore, consideration was given to a number of important innovations with origin in the humid East that have contributed to the advancement of grazing research. Finally, brief consideration is given to future priority areas of grazing research and associated constraints.
A molecule carrier.

We found that anthraquinone diffuses along a straight line across a flat, highly symmetric Cu(111) surface. It can also reversibly attach one or two CO 2 molecules as “cargo” and act as a “molecule carrier,” thereby transforming the diffusive behavior of the CO 2 molecules from isotropic to linear. Density functional theory calculations indicated a substrate-mediated attraction of ∼0.12 electron volt (eV). Scanning tunneling microscopy revealed individual steps of the molecular complex on its diffusion pathway, with increases of ∼0.03 and ∼0.02 eV in the diffusion barrier upon attachment of the first and second CO 2 molecule, respectively.
A Study of Marketing Standardization and Performance of Australian, Japanese, and U.S. Firms

Given the continued importance of the globalization era, there is an ever-increasing interest in the correlation between marketing mix standardization and the firm's market performance. This issue focuses on the firm's pursuit of global markets in an environment conditional to internal and external market factors. The research examines factors on multinational firm's marketing mix (program and process marketing) from Australia, Japan, and the United States and the impact on market performance. The results are mixed providing some support for marketing standardization and profit performance.
GROWTH-DIRECTION DEPENDENCE OF STEADY-STATE SAFFMAN-TAYLOR FLOW IN AN ANISOTROPIC HELE-SHAW CELL

Selection of steady-state fingers has been measured in a Hele-Shaw cell perturbed by having a square lattice etched onto one of the plates. Flows at different orientations \ensuremath{\theta} between the direction of flow and the lattice axes have been studied, in a wide range of observable tip velocities where the perturbation was made microscopic in the sense that the capillary length of the flow was much greater than the etched lattice cell size. The full range of dynamically interesting angles for the square lattice was examined, and above a threshold, the microscopic perturbation always results in wider fingers than are selected in the unperturbed case. There is some dependence of the width of the fingers on the orientation of the flow, with fingers at \ensuremath{\theta}=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} being the widest with respect to the unperturbed fingers, and fingers at 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} being the least wide, although still wider than the unperturbed fingers. All observed solutions are symmetric, centered in the channel, and have the relation between tip-curvature and finger width expected of members of the Saffman-Taylor family of solutions. Selected solutions narrow again at tip velocities where the perturbation can no longer be considered microscopic. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) and ANA profile tests in children with autoimmune disorders: A retrospective study

The study objective was to determine the clinical value of positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) and ANA profile tests in children with autoimmune disorders. A retrospective chart review was carried out of all patients under 18 years of age with a positive ANA test (HEp-2 cell substrate, titre > or =1:40) and ANA profile (ELISA) referred to the paediatric rheumatology service at the authors' institution between 1992 and 1996. Of 245 children with a positive ANA test, 134 (55%) had an autoimmune disease, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (n = 49), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 40) and others (n = 45). The remaining 111 patients did not have identifiable autoimmune diseases. Patients with autoimmune disorders had significantly higher ANA titres of > or = 1:160 (chi2 = 16, P or = 1:640 (chi2 = 5.7 , P or =1:160. However, a positive ANA profile was strongly correlated with an ANA titre > or =1:640 and highly indicative of an autoimmune disorder (100%). We suggest that in order to reduce cost, an ANA profile should not be performed on all patients with positive ANA, but reserved for those with an ANA titre of > or =1:640 and/or those with a high clinical index of suspicion for autoimmune disorder, especially SLE.
Antibiotic production by marine algae isolated from the New York/New Jersey coast

The objective of this research was to undertake a screening of macroalgae from the New York/New Jersey coast for the production of antimicrobials
Effects of age, sex, and diet upon carcass and liver fatty acid composition of pitman-moore miniature pigs

Fatty acid composition of carcass and liver and proximate analysis of liver were studied in 14–28 day old Pitman-Moore miniature pigs, 26 sow-reared and 30 fed a semisynthetic diet in which the fat was lard. With increasing age, fat of carcass, but not of liver, became significantly more unsaturated. The percentage of palmitic acid (16∶0) and total saturated fatty acids was significantly greater and the percentage of linoleic acid (18∶2) and total unsaturated fatty acids significantly less in carcasses of male than of female pigs. No sex-related differences in proximate or fatty acid composition of the liver were noted. Carcasses of sow-reared pigs contained significantly greater percentages of myristic (14∶0), palmitoleic (16∶1), and linoleic acids and significantly lesser percentages of stearic (18∶0) and oleic (18∶1) acids than did those of pigs fed the semisynthetic diet. Diet-related differences in fatty acid composition of liver closely paralleled those of carcass, although liver contained markedly greater percentages of stearic and arachidonic (20∶4) acids and lesser percentages of palmitoleic and oleic acids than did carcass. Diet-related differences in fatty acid composition of carcass and liver are discussed in relation to the fatty acid composition of dietary fat (sow milk and lard).
What do these clinical trial results mean? How product efficacy judgments are affected by data partitioning, framing, and quantification

Abstract Organizations often present data related to clinical trials, and other product efficacy information, in partitioned or aggregated formats, as successes or failures, and as frequencies or percentages. We examine how such different data presentation formats might interact to influence product efficacy judgments. The results of five experiments indicate that partitioned (vs. aggregated) frequency data affect judgments regarding perceived product efficacy and these effects are moderated by data frames (success vs. failure) and quantification (frequencies vs. percentages). Specifically, success-framed, partitioned, frequency data enhance product efficacy judgments and choice, while failure-framed, partitioned, frequency data have the opposite effects. However, these effects get attenuated when data are aggregated or presented as percentages.
Primary extracranial meningioma of the pelvis: a light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study.

Abstract Background Extracranial meningiomas are rare tumors which have been described in head and neck. The occurrence in mediastinum and retroperitoneum is even rarer. This presented case records a unique location, a meningioma arising in pelvis. Case A 52-year-old woman presented with an ovarian mass. The histology of the resected tumor revealed sheets of bland epithelioid cells arranged in prominent whorls with psammoma bodies typical of meningothelial meningioma. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated diffuse strong positivity for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). There was moderate reactivity for cytokeratin, estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. By electron microscopy, the tumor cells expressed desmosomes and abundant intermediate filaments. Conclusion According to our review of literature, this is the first reported case of a primary pelvic meningioma. Its benign appearance and 4-year disease-free survival without clinical or radiological evidence of intracranial disease favors the pelvis as the primary site.
Tailoring of composite wing structures for elastically produced camber deformations

Structural concepts have been created which produce chordwise camber deformation that results in enhanced lift. A wing box can be tailored to utilize these concepts with composites. In attempting to optimize the aerodynamic benefits, it is found that there are two optimum designs that are of interest. There is a 'weight' optimum which corresponds to the maximum lift per unit structural weight. There is also a 'lift' optimum that corresponds to maximum absolute lift. Experience indicates that a large weight penalty accompanies the transition from weight to lift optimum designs. New structural models, the basic deformation mechanisms that are utilized and typical analytical results are presented. It appears that lift enhancements of sufficient magnitude can be produced to render this type of wing tailoring of practical interest.
β3-Adrenergic Signaling Acutely Down Regulates Adipose Triglyceride Lipase in Brown Adipocytes

Mice exposed to cold rely upon brown adipose tissue (BAT)-mediated nonshivering thermogenesis to generate body heat using dietary glucose and lipids from the liver and white adipose tissue. In this report, we investigate how cold exposure affects the PI3 K/Akt signaling cascade and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and trafficking in BAT. Cold exposure at an early time point led to the activation of the PI3 K/Akt, insulin-like signaling cascade followed by a transient decrease in adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) gene and protein expression in BAT. To further investigate how cold exposure-induced signaling altered ATGL expression, cultured primary brown adipocytes were treated with the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonist CL 316,243 (CL) resulting in activation of PI3 K/Akt, ERK 1/2, and p38 signaling pathways and significantly decreased ATGL protein levels. ATGL protein levels decreased significantly 30 min post CL treatment suggesting protein degradation. Inhibition of PKA signaling by H89 rescued ATGL levels. The effects of PKA signaling on ATGL were shown to be independent of relevant pathways downstream of PKA such as PI3 K/Akt, ERK 1/2, and p38. However, CL treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes did not decrease ATGL protein and mRNA expression, suggesting a distinct response in WAT to β3-adrenergic agonism. Transitory effects, possibly attributed to acute Akt activation during the early recruitment phase, were noted as well as stable changes in gene expression which may be attributed to β3-adrenergic signaling in BAT.
Use of tin plating instrument to strengthen the bond between metal and a resin luting agent.

The advantages of electrolytic deposition of tin on a conductive metal alloy to produce a stronger mechanochemical bond between the metal and a resin luting agent have been reported. IT6 Hydrolyzed (3% hydrogen peroxide) tin coating produces increased surface area for mechanical attachment and an oxidized surface for chemical bonding. If silane is used as an interface between the tin oxide and luting cement, the bifunctional molecular characteristic of the silane allows chelating activity on the oxide surface and copolymerization with the resin surface. The readily available devices associated with the tin plating procedure are often cumbersome, complex, and range in cost from $119 to $800. This article describes an extraoral plate instrument capable of producing 9 volts DC at 300 milliamps, which can be made from stock components that can be purchased for less than $24 and assembled in less than 30 minutes.
Premonitory Urges as “Attentional Tics” in Tourette's Syndrome

The author, a graduate student with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, proposes that pre-tic sensory experiences result from a specific attentional deficit. Based on his own introspective case study, the author argues that the premonitory urges that precede tics are not unique sensory events, but rather are manifestations of somatosensory hyperawareness which serves as the aversive stimulus toward which tics are purposively directed. An "attentional tic" theoretical framework for the study of Tourette's syndrome is suggested and discussed in reference to inhibitory theories of attention.
Completeness of states, shadow states, Heisenberg condition, and poles of the S-matrix

A study of the connection between poles of the S-matrix and states of the Hamiltonian of non-relativistic quantum mechanical systems is made with a view to elucidate the concept of shadow states which have been used by one of the authors for the elimination of divergences in quantum field theory with the aid of an indefinite metric. By specific examples we demonstrate that there exist non-relativistic systems for which the S-matrix has poles which correspond to shadow (redunant) states which are not needed in the completeness relation. Systems with such states do not fulfill a condition on S-matrix which was derived by Heisenberg. It is further shown that there exist phase equivalent systems in which these very poles of the S-matrix correspond to genuine bound states which are absolutely necessary to complete the set of states of the system, and these discrete states may have positive or negative norm depending on the choice of the S-matrix.
Slowing the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide : a biological approach

Planting trees to act as carbon sinks has been suggested as a way to slow the increase of atmospheric CO2. Forestry growth and yield models were used to estimate that it would take 192 million hectares of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) or 250 million hectares of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) to capture and store the United States' anthropogenic carbon emissions for an assumed period of 50 yr, at current emission rates. Although maximum growth rates are similar for both species, Douglas-fir requires less area because of its greater ability to store carbon, and its ability to maintain a high growth rate for a longer period of time. The usefulness of a particular species also depends in part on the length of the planning horizon and the forestry project. For periods of 50 or more years, it is important to consider a species' cumulative carbon storage potential rather than its potential maximum growth rate at some point during its life cycle. Forestation (reforestation and afforestation) appears to be feasible as a possible component of a comprehensive strategy for managing the CO2 problem, but it must be practiced globally to be effective.
Ultrastructural cytochemical analysis of intranuclear arsenic inclusions.

To establish the chemical composition of the arsenic inclusion, freshly isolated preparations of inclusions and epon-embedded thin sections of inclusions were subjected to ultrastructural cytochemical analysis. Intranuclear inclusions are composed of amorphous, arsenic-containing subunits aligned linearly to form a coiled complex. Lipase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, trypsin, pepsin, protease, amylase, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to digest or chelate these inclusions. Following enzymatic digestion or chelation, the electron opacity of inclusions was compared with that of control sections exposed for equal times to equivalent solutions lacking the enzymes. Exposure to amylase caused a consistent reduction in the electron opacity of thin sections of inclusions and almost complete digestion of the freshly isolated preparations of inclusions. This was indicative of the presence of a carbohydrate moiety within arsenic inclusions. Incubation of inclusions with EDTA resulted in solubilization of freshly isolated and thin-sectioned embedded material. These data indicated that the intranuclear arsenic inclusion is composed of both metallic and carbohydrate moieties, confirming earlier studies which identified arsenic within inclusions using instrumental neutron activation analysis and x-ray microprobe analysis.
Honeybee olfactory sensilla behave as integrated processing units

Honeybee placode sensilla contain 18-35 olfactory receptor neurons. In insects, such neurons are thought to not interact with one another before reaching the central nervous system. Extracellular, multiunit recordings were made from the placodes and separated into spike shape classes, termed subplacode units. An analysis of the response spectra of subplacode units demonstrated that subplacode units with similar response spectra were more likely to be found in different placodes than in the same placode. An analysis was made of the mean interspike intervals and its variation for whole placodes and subplacode units. The coefficient of variation for whole placodes was less than that for subplacode units. Whole placode spike trains are therefore more uniform than subplacode spike trains, indicating that neurons might not be firing independently of each other.
A fractured fable: The three little pigs and using multiple paradigms

Paradigms aid organizational researchers in their quest to find the ‘truth’ of a particular event, phenomenon, activity, or topic and by providing them a framework with which to make assumptions about the nature of society and reality. According to Burrell and Morgan (1978), organizational researchers use one of four paradigms: functionalist, interpretivist, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. However, there is a growing body of research which postulates that multiple paradigms can be used to interpret organizational phenomenon (Lewis & Grimes, 1999). Nevertheless, truly understanding and applying these four primary paradigms is challenging, so before they can be used in an integrative manner , HRD scholars need to find a means to help professionals learn about and make sense of the concept of paradigms. We contend that a highly effective means of learning about complex phenomena are popular culture artifacts such as fables and fairy tales. Thus, this paper presents a fable of the aftermath of the Three Little Pigs fairy tale as a vehicle for presenting the concept of paradigms in an accessible way by relating the four paradigms as presented by Burrell and Morgan (1978) to each of the characters in the fable. The paper then concludes by offering suggestions for using multiple paradigms in sensemaking, teaching and learning, and organizational research.
The structure of the Dead ringer–DNA complex reveals how AT‐rich interaction domains (ARIDs) recognize DNA

The AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) is a DNA-binding module found in many eukaryotic transcription factors. Using NMR spectroscopy, we have determined the first ever three-dimensional structure of an ARID–DNA complex (mol. wt 25.7 kDa) formed by Dead ringer from Drosophila melanogaster. ARIDs recognize DNA through a novel mechanism involving major groove immobilization of a large loop that connects the helices of a non-canonical helix–turn–helix motif, and through a concomitant structural rearrangement that produces stabilizing contacts from a β-hairpin. Dead ringer’s preference for AT-rich DNA originates from three positions within the ARID fold that form energetically significant contacts to an adenine–thymine base step. Amino acids that dictate binding specificity are not highly conserved, suggesting that ARIDs will bind to a range of nucleotide sequences. Extended ARIDs, found in several sequence-specific transcription factors, are distinguished by the presence of a C-terminal helix that may increase their intrinsic affinity for DNA. The prevalence of serine amino acids at all specificity determining positions suggests that ARIDs within SWI/SNF-related complexes will interact with DNA non-sequence specifically.
Rapid purification of bacterial plasmids and coliphage M13 RF without CsCl centrifugation.

Abstract A simple and rapid procedure for the purification of plasmids from Escherichia coli K12 has been developed. Bacterial cells are subjected to the boiling procedure [D. S. Holmes, and M. Quigley Anal. Biochem.114, 193–197 (1981)] followed by removal of contaminating RNA by chromatography on Sepharose 2B and of genomic DNA by acid-phenol extraction. Plasmids are recovered with good yield. They can be restricted and ligated and will transform host cells. A simple modification of the procedure allows it to be used for the isolation of coliphage M13 RF DNA.
Water balance of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, throughout its development with comparative observations between field-collected and laboratory-reared ticks

Water balance characteristic data are compiled and determined for each non-fed instar of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, vector of tularaemia and spotted fever rickettsia, comparing wild-caught and laboratory-colonized populations, to establish how habitat influences D. variabilis dehydration resistance. In contrast to ticks from the field, laboratory-colonized ticks show a progression in percentage body water content from a low of 59% in the egg to a high of 68% in the adult (all instars from the field population have similar values, averaging 63%) and are less tolerant of water stress (2–6% reduction in dehydration tolerance (DT)). We presume that these are colony artefacts as a product of relaxing selective pressure by rearing under optimal conditions of temperature, relative humidity (RH) and host quality. For field-collected and laboratory-colonized populations, larvae survive down to 75–85% RH [critical equilibrium humidity (CEH)], but nymphs and adults require moist air of 85–93% RH,...
Multilinear principal component analysis for face recognition with fewer features

In this study, a method is proposed based on multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) for face recognition. This method utilized less features than traditional MPCA algorithm without downgrading the performance in recognition accuracy. The experiment results show that the proposed method is more suitable for large dataset, obtaining better computational efficiency. Moreover, when support vector machine is employed as the classification method, the superiority of the proposed algorithm reflects significantly.
DOWNWARD TRANSLOCATION OF PHOSPHORUS IN SEPARATED MAIZE ROOTS

THE DOWNWARD translocation in the root system of phosphorus, which is normally absorbed by the roots and translocated to the shoot, can best be investigated either by shoot-injection of the tracer phosphorus or by the method of root separation. A successful leaf-injection method was developed by Biddulph (1941) for his work on the downward translocation of phosphorus in stems. However, the root-separation method permits an uptake of phosphorus under natural conditions. The roots are divided between two independent culture solutions so that the tracer phosphorus enters the plant in a natural manner through a part of the root system but can be withheld from the remainder. Merrill (1915) reported that the root-separation method was employed by J. Macaire in 1832. Lead acetate was supplied to half the roots of a plant, and was eventually detected in the separated roots. Macaire also observed an efflux of lead acetate from the separated roots into their independent culture solution. Others were unable to repeat this work, and attributed Macaire's findings to the capillary movement of the solute over the adjacent lips of the two containers. Gile and Carrero (1917, 1921) summarized the many applications of the root-separation method and reported their own study of the phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium absorption by corn and pea seedlings grown with various fractions of their roots deprived of one, two, or all of these elements. They concluded that plants cannot attain their maximum growth unless the roots have access to all three substances. Among the more recent applications of the root-separation method is the work of Maze (1936) on the inorganic requirements of corn. The early work on the efflux of inorganic substances from plant roots was reviewed by Merrill (1915). Jenny and Overstreet (1938), using excised barley roots and radioactive tracers, initiated a series of studies which have shown that the efflux of cations always involves an exchange of cations between the root and its environment, and that there is normally no simple "excretion" of inorganic salts. Overstreet and Jacobson (1946) extended this study to the rubidium cation and the phosphate anion. They found a considerable exchange of the rubidium ion, but found the phosphate ion to be strongly bound in the roots. The present study employs the root-separation
Perimortem caesarean section: Rethinking the resuscitation codes?

Perimortem cesarean section is being recommended in pregnant women beyond 20-week gestation who are in extremis or cardiac arrest and in whom resuscitation appears to be failing. Aortocaval compression is removed by the delivery that promotes cardiac output in response to chest compressions. Feto-maternal outcome is thought to improve if the delivery is accomplished within 5 min of arrest. We describe the use of a public call announcement to minimize the time to delivery by bringing together a multidisciplinary team with the required equipment to the patients location and are able to perform a timely perimortem cesarean delivery if required, potentially improving the survival.
The radiation chemistry of mixtures of ethane and hexaflouroethane in the gas phase

Abstract In the gas phase radiolysis of C 2 F 6 -C 2 H 6 mixtures at 50 torr (6.7) kPa pressure, 25°C, and hydrocarbon compositions 0–100%, the major radiolysis products were H 2 , CH 4 , C 3 H 8 , n -C 4 H 10 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , CF 3 H, C 2 F 5 H, CF 2 CH 2 and HF. Minor products included CH 3 CF 3 , CH 3 C 2 F 5 and CF 3 C 2 H 5 , as well as several C 3 -C 6 alkane and alkene hydrocarbons. Addition of 10% O 2 reduced yields of saturated hydrocarbons, enhanced yields of unsaturates, and eliminated formation of CF 3 CH 3 , CF 2 CH 2 , CF 3 C 2 H 5 and CH 3 C 2 F 5 . Yields of HF, CF 3 H and C 2 F 5 H, were almost unaffected. Product distributions and scavenger effects indicate that protection of the hydrocarbon by e - transfer to the flourocarbon is unimportant in this system, whereas sensitized decomposition via energy or charge transfer from the flourocarbon to the hydrocarbon is a major effect.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Moisture Effects on the Bond Fracture Energy of FRP/Concrete Joints

This study experimentally investigates the mechanism of deterioration for the bond between CFRP plate and concrete due to moisture attack. The debonding failure in the concrete structures with externally bonded FRP has two major modes: cohesive failure in the concrete surface layer and adhesion failure at the adhesive/concrete interface. A modified double cantilever beam (MDCB) test was used to measure the interfacial fracture energy for the CFRP plate debonding from concrete substrate under Mode I loading. A simple method was developed to measure the value of interface region relative humidity (IRRH). The relation between IRRH and the bond fracture energy was then obtained. By quantitatively measuring the residual thickness of concrete (RTC) on the detached plate, it was found that RTC was directly related to the value of IRRH. Based on the experimental data, a constitutive relation between RTC and IRRH was obtained. Using this relation and virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), the bond fracture energy...
Estimating Short-Term LC50 Values

The authors discuss correlations of LC50 data and suggest that one possible use of them may be in the design of toxicity test procedures.
Influence of Distal Resistance and Proximal Stiffness on Hemodynamics and RV Afterload in Progression and Treatments of Pulmonary Hypertension: A Computational Study with Validation Using Animal Models

We develop a simple computational model based on measurements from a hypoxic neonatal calf model of pulmonary hypertension (PH) to investigate the interplay between vascular and ventricular measures in the setting of progressive PH. Model parameters were obtained directly from in vivo and ex vivo measurements of neonatal calves. Seventeen sets of model-predicted impedance and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) show good agreement with the animal measurements, thereby validating the model. Next, we considered a predictive model in which three parameters, PVR, elastic modulus (EM), and arterial thickness, were varied singly from one simulation to the next to study their individual roles in PH progression. Finally, we used the model to predict the individual impacts of clinical (vasodilatory) and theoretical (compliance increasing) PH treatments on improving pulmonary hemodynamics. Our model (1) displayed excellent patient-specific agreement with measured global pulmonary parameters; (2) quantified relationships between PVR and mean pressure and PVS and pulse pressure, as well as studiying the right ventricular (RV) afterload, which could be measured as a hydraulic load calculated from spectral analysis of pulmonary artery pressure and flow waves; (3) qualitatively confirmed the derangement of vascular wall shear stress in progressive PH; and (4) established that decreasing proximal vascular stiffness through a theoretical treatment of reversing proximal vascular remodeling could decrease RV afterload.
Context matters: Experimental evaluation of home-based tutoring for youth in foster care

Abstract A large body of work has documented significant educational delays and other challenges among children in foster care. In response, child welfare agencies have developed different policies and practices to help monitor, support, and advocate for foster children's educational needs. An important example of these efforts is tutoring programs for children in foster care. The current study uses random assignment to evaluate the impact of an individualized, home-based tutoring program on the academic performance and educational outcomes of a group of adolescent foster youth in Los Angeles County, CA. Data were collected via multi-wave, in-person interviews of 465 foster youth. No statistically significant impacts are found on any included measures of academic ability or other educational outcomes. Substantial proportions of both control and program groups report receipt of tutoring from school, which may partly account for the finding of no effect.
MANAGEMENT OF TRANSECTED PANCREAS IN CHILDREN

The pancreas is the fourth most commonly injured intra-abdominal organ in children who sustain blunt abdominal trauma. Appropriate management of the injured pancreas has been controversial. With the advent of the computerized tomography scan, paediatric surgeons have tended to manage pancreatic injuries non-operatively. However, if pseudocysts develop, non-operative management may necessarily entail a long hospital course involving total parenteral nutrition, drainage procedures and attendant morbidity. The critical element in planning therapy is to determine the status of the pancreatic duct. We have recently encountered five children who suffered blunt pancreatic injury where the main pancreatic duct was determined to have been transected. These children underwent spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy with resultant shorter hospital stays and minimal long-term morbidity. We suggest that in children with pancreatic injury where the main pancreatic duct has been transected early operative management rather than non-operative therapy is the procedure of choice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should be used to determine the status of the pancreatic duct. This modality can be both diagnostic and therapeutic in appropriate circumstances.
The general status of group work training in accredited counseling programs

Abstract In a national survey, CACREP -accredited counseling programs were assessed for compliance with the 1990 Association for Specialists in Group Work standards for group work training, including knowledge and skill standards for core training, and the four group work specializations (task and work groups, psycho educational groups, counseling groups, and psychotherapy groups).
Hormonal regulation of leptin receptor expression in primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes.

Abstract A study was conducted to elucidate hormonal control of leptin receptor gene expression in primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from pigs (52kg) and seeded into collagen-coated T-25 flasks. Monolayer cultures were established in medium containing fetal bovine serum for 1 day and switched to a serum-free medium for the remainder of the 3-day culture period. To establish basal conditions hepatocytes were maintained in serum-free William's E medium containing 10nM dexamethasone and 1ng/ml insulin. For the final 24h, insulin (1 or 100ng/ml) or glucagon (100ng/ml), were added in the presence or absence of 100nM triiodothyronine (T3). RNA was extracted and quantitative RT-PCR was performed with primers specific for the long form and total porcine leptin receptors. Leptin receptor expression was calculated relative to co-amplified 18S rRNA. Expression of the long form of the leptin receptor was confirmed under basal conditions. Insulin, glucagon and synthetic human proteins (ghrelin and GLP-1) at 100ng/ml had no influence on leptin receptor expression; the addition of T3 was associated with a marked increase ( P
Dynamic algorithm selection for runtime concepts

A key benefit of generic programming is its support for producing modules with clean separation. In particular, generic algorithms are written to work with a wide variety of types without requiring modifications to them. The Runtime concept idiom extends this support by allowing unmodified concrete types to behave in a runtime polymorphic manner. In this paper, we describe one implementation of the runtime concept idiom, in the domain of the C++ standard template library (STL). We complement the runtime concept idiom with an algorithm library that considers both type and concept information to maximize performance when selecting algorithm implementations. We present two implementations, one in ISO C++ and one using an experimental language extension. We use our implementations to describe and measure the performance of runtime-polymorphic analogs of several STL algorithms. The tests demonstrate the effects of different compile-time vs. run-time algorithm selection choices.