cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Destruction of Tars in Biomass-Derived Gases

The Biofuels and Municipal Waste Technology Division of the U.S. Department of Energy is sponsoring studies (under Contract DE-AC06-76RL0 1830) at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory on catalytic destruction of condensible hydrocarbons (tars) in biomass-derived gases. Currently gasifiers generate a significant amount of tars in the product gases. These tars create problems with plugging in downstream equipment and with wastewater treatment.
Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches

Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) has been extensively modified with traditional transgene methods for the vaccine development. The reduced efficacies of these traditionally modified Ad5 vectors in clinical trials could be primarily correlated with Ad5 pre-existing immunity (PEI) among the majority of the population. To promote Ad5-vectored vaccine development by solving the concern of Ad5 PEI, the innovative Antigen Capsid-Incorporation strategy has been employed. By merit of this strategy, Ad5-vectored we first constructed the hexon shuttle plasmid HVR1-KWAS-HVR5-His6/pH5S by subcloning the hypervariable region (HVR) 1 of hexon into a previously constructed shuttle plasmid HVR5-His6/pH5S, which had His6 tag incorporated into the HVR5. This HVR1 DNA fragment containing a HIV epitope ELDKWAS was synthesized. HVR1-KWAS-HVR5-His6/pH5S was then linearized and co-transformed with linearized backbone plasmid pAd5/∆H5 (GL) , for homologous recombination. This recombined plasmid pAd5/H5-HVR1-KWAS-HVR5-His6 was transfected into cells to generate the viral vector Ad5/H5-HVR1-KWAS-HVR5-His6. This vector was validated to have qualitative fitness indicated by viral physical titer (VP/ml), infectious titer (IP/ml) and corresponding VP/IP ratio. Both the HIV epitope and His6 tag were surface-exposed on the Ad5 capsid, and retained epitope-specific antigenicity of their own. A neutralization assay indicated the ability of this divalent vector to circumvent neutralization by Ad5-positive sera in vitro. Mice immunization demonstrated the generation of robust humoral immunity specific to the HIV epitope and His6. This proof-of-principle study suggested that the protocol associated with the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation strategy could be feasibly utilized for the generation of Ad5-vectored vaccines by modifying different capsid proteins. This protocol could even be further modified for the generation of rare-serotype adenovirus-vectored vaccines.
Reoperative Hypospadias Surgery and Management of Complications

Re-operative hypospadias surgery is often complicated by the general lack of healthy tissue for urethroplasty and skin coverage. The penile skin that is present is typically scarred and has a variable and poorly defined blood supply. Each case is different and demands individualized evaluation and care. Re-operation is delayed at least 6 months after the last repair, in order to maximize tissue healing and vascularity. Earlier attempts at definitive repair are often fraught with more complications. Common post hypospadias repair complications are urethrocutaneous fistula, urethral diverticulum, persistent chordee, and ure-thral stricture. Successful reconstruction of such refractory, post-surgical strictures, requires the whole surgical armamentarium, namely vascu-larized onlay flaps, buccal mucosal grafts, and planned staged procedures.
Does Nitric Oxide Help Explain the Differential Healing Capacity of the Anterior Cruciate, Posterior Cruciate, and Medial Collateral Ligaments?*:

This study compared the ability of rabbit medial collateral ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and anterior cruciate ligament tissue to synthesize nitric oxide, and determined its effects on matrix synthesis, an important component of ligament repair. It is not known whether ligament cells can produce nitric oxide and, if so, whether it influences healing of ligament injuries. The anterior cruciate and posterior cruciate ligament tissue produced large amounts of nitric oxide in response to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1. Medial collateral ligament, in contrast, produced only modest amounts of nitric oxide. Furthermore, anterior cruciate ligament and, to some degree, posterior cruciate ligament synthesized nitric oxide spontaneously in culture, whereas medial collateral ligament never did so. When nitric oxide was supplied to these tissues, it strongly inhibited collagen synthesis by the two cruciate ligaments, but had little effect on collagen synthesis by the medial collateral ligament. Endogenously synthesized nitric oxide was also able to inhibit collagen synthesis as well as proteoglycan synthesis by the two cruciate ligaments, but had little effect on matrix synthesis by the medial collateral ligament. We propose a novel hypothesis, based on nitric oxide production and matrix synthesis, that may help explain why the two cruciate ligaments have such limited healing capacity compared with the medial collateral ligament.
Frequency and Appropriateness of Fasting Orders in the Hospital

Abstract Objective To evaluate the frequency and appropriateness of nil per os (nothing by mouth) (NPO) orders and determine the number of meals missed because of these orders among hospitalized patients. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed inpatient NPO orders at an academic institution in the United States. The frequency and duration of NPO orders and the number of meals missed because of these orders were assessed for adult patients admitted to the hospital medicine services from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2013, with a hospital stay of 2 or more and 30 or fewer days. Two blinded reviewers assessed if the order could be avoided or the period shortened for a random sample of NPO orders of 120 or more minutes' duration that were written for patients on the general medicine ward. Results A total of 3641 NPO orders were identified. At least one NPO order was placed in 46.6% of the admissions (2211 of 4743). The median duration of NPO orders was 12.8 hours (interquartile range, 9.2-17.3 hours), resulting in 2 (interquartile range, 1-4) missed meals. Of 1130 NPO orders reviewed, 263 (23.3%; 95% CI, 20.9%-25.8%) were deemed avoidable (κ statistic, 0.68), and 482 (42.7%) were unavoidable but led to more missed meals than needed. Taken together, patients could have had 44.8% of the meals (1085 of 2424; 95% CI, 42.8%-46.7%) missed due to NPO orders. Conclusion Approximately half of the patients admitted to the hospital medicine services experienced a period of fasting. One in 4 NPO orders and nearly half of missed meals could have been avoided. Further study is warranted to assess the generalizability of our findings.
Toward a mentoring model for fluency specialty recognition

Abstract A mentoring relationship is a basic feature of the Special Interest Division for Fluency and Fluency Disorders’ (SID-4) proposal for fluency specialty recognition. The mentoring aspect of the proposal was influenced by Schockett & Haring 1985 eight-function model of the mentoring process. In order to provide an empirical basis for eventual refinement of the SID-4 mentoring model, an instrumental replication of Schockett & Haring 1985 study was conducted on questionnaire data from 147 SID-4 members. Demographics had no bearing on desirability level of any of the eight mentoring functions. Factor analysis resulted in adjusting and development factors, and functions associated with the development factor were more highly valued by respondents than were the adjusting functions. Educating was significantly more desirable than other functions, and protecting was significantly less desirable than other functions.
Using remote sensing and geostatistics to map137Cs-derived net soil flux in south-west Niger

Abstract A small (760 m × 740 m) study area in south-west Niger was sparsely sampled for 137 Cs which was modelled to provide measurements of net soil flux. A variogram of net soil flux was computed and a model fitted using weighted least squares. The parameters of the variogram were used to solve kriging equations to provide net soil flux estimates and estimation variances over 20 m × 20 m blocks throughout the study area. At the sample locations net soil flux was substituted for the block-averaged net soil flux estimates in order to compute additional auto- and cross-variograms of intensively sampled SPOT satellite data (20 m × 20 m). These variograms were modelled as before and the parameters used to solve co-kriging equations to provide net soil flux estimates and estimation variances. The co-kriging estimation variances were considerably smaller than those for ordinary kriging, suggesting that problems of accurately mapping net soil flux can be overcome by making use of the additional sampling intensity of the spatially interdependent data in SPOT band XS3. This methodology has considerable potential for accurate and cheap net soil flux mapping over very large areas with limited 137 Cs ground measurements.
Global magnetic phase diagram and local quantum criticality in heavy fermion metals

We address the global magnetic phase diagram of Kondo lattice systems. Through the distinct Fermi surface properties of the various phases at zero temperature, we argue that the phase diagram supports two quantum critical point (QCP) classes. One of these describes a direct transition from a magnetic metal phase with localized f-electrons to a paramagnetic one with itinerant f-electrons. This result provides the context for the picture of local quantum criticality, in which the Fermi surface jumps across the QCP and the quasiparticle residue vanishes as the QCP is approached from either side. Some of the unusual experiments, concerning the phases and QCPs of heavy fermion metals, are discussed from the present perspective. These developments have implications in broader contexts. In particular, they form a part of the growing evidence for quantum criticality that goes beyond the orthodox description in terms of order-parameter fluctuations.
microRNA Target Predictions across Seven Drosophila Species and Comparison to Mammalian Targets

microRNAs are small noncoding genes that regulate the protein production of genes by binding to partially complementary sites in the mRNAs of targeted genes. Here, using our algorithm PicTar, we exploit cross-species comparisons to predict, on average, 54 targeted genes per microRNA above noise in Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the functional annotation of target genes furthermore suggests specific biological functions for many microRNAs. We also predict combinatorial targets for clustered microRNAs and find that some clustered microRNAs are likely to coordinately regulate target genes. Furthermore, we compare microRNA regulation between insects and vertebrates. We find that the widespread extent of gene regulation by microRNAs is comparable between flies and mammals but that certain microRNAs may function in clade-specific modes of gene regulation. One of these microRNAs (miR-210) is predicted to contribute to the regulation of fly oogenesis. We also list specific regulatory relationships that appear to be conserved between flies and mammals. Our findings provide the most extensive microRNA target predictions in Drosophila to date, suggest specific functional roles for most microRNAs, indicate the existence of coordinate gene regulation executed by clustered microRNAs, and shed light on the evolution of microRNA function across large evolutionary distances. All predictions are freely accessible at our searchable Web site http://pictar.bio.nyu.edu.
Comparison of Phytohemagglutinin-Induced Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Reactions in the Interdigital Skin of Broiler and Layer Chicks

Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) responses elicited by intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) were evaluated in the interdigital skin of broiler and layer chicks. Five- and 10-day-old broiler and layer chicks were injected intradermally in the interdigital skin between the third and fourth digits of the right foot with 25, 50, or 100 micrograms of PHA-P. The PHA-P-elicited CBH responses were evaluated by determining interdigital skin thickness before injection and 12 and 24 hr after injection. The effect of treatment with the T-lymphocyte-suppressing drug cyclosporin on the CBH responses was determined in chicks treated daily for 4 days before skin-testing at 10 days of age. Injection of PHA-P caused significant increases (P less than 0.005) in skin thickness at all dose amounts, with the maximum CBH response elicited by 100 micrograms PHA-P. The CBH response was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in broilers than in layers. Treatment with cyclosporin significantly suppressed (P less than 0.01) the CBH response in 10-day-old chicks of both types. Results indicate that the interdigital skin-test is a rapid, simple means of assessing normal and suppressed T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response in broiler and layer chicks.
Cobalt-mediated cyclic and linear 2:1 cooligomerization of alkynes with alkenes: a DFT study.

The mechanism of the cobalt-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of two alkynes to one alkene to give CpCo-complexed 1,3-cyclohexadienes (cyclic oligomerization) has been studied by means of DFT computations. In contrast to the mechanism of alkyne cyclotrimerization, in which final alkyne inclusion into the common cobaltacyclopentadiene features a direct “collapse” pathway to the complexed arene, alkene incorporation proceeds via insertion into a Co−C σ-bond rather than inter- or intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition. The resulting seven-membered metallacycle 7 is a key intermediate which leads to either CpCo-complexed cyclohexadiene 5 or hexatriene 13. The latter transformation, particularly favorable for ethene, accounts, in part, for the linear oligomerization observed occasionally in these reactions. With aromatic double bonds, a C−H activation mechanism by the cobaltacyclopentadiene seems more advantageous in hexatriene product formation. Detailed investigations of high- and low-spin potential energy su...
Adaptive detection in subspaces

Considers subspace based adaptive detection in the context of the likelihood ratio test studied by Kelly (1986). The probability of false alarm for this test depends only on the subspace dimension while the probability of detection is a function of the subspace. The authors propose choosing the transformation onto the subspace to maximize the probability of detection over a likely class of noise and interference scenarios. An approximate solution to this optimization problem is described. The approach can lead to dramatic increases in the probability of detection given a fixed number of data observations due to a large gain in the statistical stability associated with the reduced dimension subspace. The relationship between subspace design for adaptive detection and partially adaptive beamformer design is explored. Simulations verify the analysis. >
Ionization, charge exchange, and excitation in F + Ar and F + Kr collisions

We have measured projectile and target x-ray cross sections for F + Ar and F + Kr collisions using fluorine beams of charge states 7+, 8+, and 9+ with energies from 20 to 76 MeV. Pronounced enhancements for the Ar K and Kr L vacancy cross sections using F9+ ions compared to those for the 7+ projectile can be explained by charge exchange as described by an empirically scaled Brinkman-Kramers theory. The Ar L, Kr K, and Kr M cross sections are found to exhibit features expected for Coulomb ionization. The projectile K x- ray production for the 9+ ion is accounted for by charge exchange processes. Predictions of the first Born approximation for direct single-step excitation to bound states by the target nucleus overestimate the observed cross sections for F7+ and F8+.
High-throughput comparative proteome analysis using a quantitative cysteinyl-peptide enrichment technology.

A new quantitative cysteinyl-peptide enrichment technology (QCET) was developed to achieve higher efficiency, greater dynamic range, and higher throughput in quantitative proteomics that use stable-isotope labeling techniques combined with high-resolution liquid chromatography (LC)−mass spectrometry (MS). This approach involves 18O labeling of tryptic peptides, high-efficiency enrichment of cysteine-containing peptides, and confident protein identification and quantification using the accurate mass and time tag strategy. Proteome profiling of naive and in vitro-differentiated human mammary epithelial cells using QCET resulted in the identification and quantification of 603 proteins in a single LC−Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS analysis. Advantages of this technology include the following: (1) a simple, highly efficient method for enriching cysteinyl-peptides; (2) a high-throughput strategy suitable for extensive proteome analysis; and (3) improved labeling efficiency for better quantitative...
The ultrastructural morphology of endotoxins and lipopolysaccharides.

Endotoxins and LPS are constituents unique to the outer surface of gram-negative bacteria. Cell-associated endotoxins are now readily observable on the cell outer membrane with labelled monoclonal antibodies. These probes are not only more specific than those used in the past, but also easier to see. Interest in free endotoxin as a method to generate outer membrane proteins without contamination with other cell constituents is also increasing (Gamazo and Moriyon, 1987). The morphologic identification and characterization of LPS by electron microscopy has been facilitated recently by advances in chemical extraction and purification techniques. LPS, originally thought to be heterogenous, exists in forms that are dependent upon (1) the method of its extraction, (2) its chemical composition, and (3) the physical or chemical conditions of its environment. New models were proposed on the arrangement of LPS molecules in molecular aggregates (i.e. discs, vesicles or ribbons) and a schematic was presented on the dissociation from one morphologic type to another. Morphologic studies on endotoxins and LPS will continue in the future. Using molecular biological techniques, carbohydrate epitopes of LPS from one bacterial species will be expressed with increasing frequency in other bacterial species (Manning et al., 1986; Stein et al., 1988). Electron microscopy will help visualize the distribution of the 'new' LPS on the recipient cell surface. Labelled monoclonal antibodies will also differentiate host cell LPS from the recombinant LPS. As molecular model programming becomes more complex, new schematics will help visualize the arrangement of LPS in membranes to explain recombinant LPS structure as well as other characteristics (i.e. membrane permeability to various antibiotics).
A complete solution for the suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings

Fiber Bragg gratings have increasingly become a critical technology for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems.
Information processing efficiency and regulation at five months

Infants with short look durations are generally thought to have better attentional capabilities due to their efficient information processing. Although effortful attention is considered a key component of developing regulatory abilities, little is known about the relation between speed and efficiency of processing and self-regulation. In this study, 5-month-old infants with shorter look duration had greater EEG power values than infants with longer look duration during baseline, as well as during a distressing task and a post-distress attentional processing task. These short looking infants also demonstrated higher heart rate, relative to long looking infants, during post-distress information processing. Behaviorally the two groups differed in the amount of distraction during distress. These data provide evidence for an association between the efficiency of information processing and beginning regulatory abilities in early infancy.
Creative Advertising and the von Restorff Effect

22 men and 38 women in an undergraduate psychology class (M age 19.25 yr.) served in an experiment designed to assess whether a von Restorff effect for advertising slogans could be obtained in an incidental learning situation. The control group rated lists of nine ordinary slogans. The experimental groups rated equal-length lists with a distinctive slogan in the middle of the list. One experimental group rated a slogan considered distinctive because it was of high quality, the other experimental group rated a distinctive slogan considered to be clearly substandard. No mention was made of a test of memory until the rating task and a subsequent distractor task were completed. A significant von Restorff effect was obtained with the high-quality slogan but not with the substandard slogan. A significant relationship between subjects' ratings of slogan distinctiveness and recall was observed.
Sex and the ‘recently single’: perceptions of sexuality and HIV risk among mature women and primary care physicians

Primary care physicians may mistakenly conclude that sexual issues are unimportant to divorced or widowed mature women, based on age and gender biases. Although research suggests that many single mature women are sexually active, physicians are often reluctant to discuss sexual matters with them. Structured and open‐ended interviews explored perceptions regarding mature women's sexuality and HIV‐related risk for patient‐physician communication among 44 ‘recently single’ mature women aged 45–68 and 31 primary care physicians. Age and ethnic group comparisons with the mature women suggest that younger and African‐American women reported higher HIV and STI risk perception than older and White women. Many mature women (64%) believed that they were at‐risk for HIV and STIs, whereas physicians considered younger patients most at‐risk and that risk declined with patients' advancing age and with female status. Mature women and physicians had different expectations regarding initiation of clinical sexual health di...
Spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering in long low loss fibers

This paper considers the problem of forward Raman scattering process in a single transverse mode fiber. Both pump wave depletion and spontaneous scattering are considered in the analysis. Analytic solutions of the governing differential equations are obtained. We examine the conditions under which a nondepleted pump approximation is valid. Expressions are derived for the maximum fiber loss and the minimum fiber length which allow significant pump to Stokes wave conversion. It is shown that for a given fiber length there is an optimal pumping power, or at a given pump power there is an optimal fiber length that yields maximum first-order Stokes power output. Good agreement with published experimental results in the threshold power prediction is obtained.
Divergent effects of diltiazem in patients with exertional angina

Fifteen patients with exercise-induced angina were studied at rest and during symptom-limited upright exercise with a Swan-Ganz catheter and an arterial line in place. Cardiac output was measured using the direct Fick principle. The patients were classified on the basis of the mean pulmonary capillary pressure at maximal exercise. In Group I (eight patients) the mean pulmonary capillary pressure was less than 16 mm Hg and in Group II (seven patients) it was greater than 16 mm Hg. Patients in Group II were older and heavier and had more severe angina during exercise and exhibited greater S-T depression at maximal exercise before treatment. Each patient received 120 mg of oral diltiazem and exercise was repeated 1 hour later. In both groups exercise duration was prolonged (Group I, 5.8 ± 3 versus 6.8 ± 3 minutes [mean ± standard deviation], p −5 , p
Qualitative and quantitative features of axons projecting from caudal to rostral inferior temporal cortex of squirrel monkeys.

On the basis of cortical and subcortical connections and architectonics, inferior temporal (IT) cortex of squirrel monkeys consists of a caudal region, IT C , with dorsal (ITCd) and ventral (ITCv) subdivisions ; a rostral region, IT R ; and possibly a third region intermediate to IT C and IT R , IT I (Weller & Steele, 1992 ; Steele & Weller, 1993). The present study qualitatively and quantitatively examined the terminal arborizations of 26 axons in IT R and IT I labeled by injections of biocytin or, in one case, horseradish peroxidase, in ITCv. The majority of axons gave rise to a single terminal arbor, with a small number branching into two overlapping or nearby arbors. Presumptive terminal specializations consisted of rounded, bead-like swellings, most often located en passant. All axons terminated in layer 4 of cortex, and most had additional terminations in layers 3 and 5. The total extent of each axon's terminal arbor was 125-750 μm dorsoventrally (mean = 360.6 μm) and 150-725 μm anteroposteriorly (mean = 328.1 μm ; all values uncorrected for shrinkage). In most axons, especially those with larger terminal fields, boutons were not uniformly distributed, but formed 2-4 clumps (mean = 2.2), with a mean width of 149 μm, separated by narrower regions of fewer boutons. Based on a cluster analysis of characteristics of the 26 axons, axons projecting from caudal (ITCv) to rostral (IT R or IT I ) IT cortex of squirrel monkeys comprised three groups that we called Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I axons, the smallest in areal extent of terminal arbor, terminated predominantly in dorsal IT R . Type III axons, largest in areal extent, and Type II axons, intermediate in areal extent, terminated in ventral IT R and throughout IT I The three classes of axons may correspond to different types of visual information entering rostral IT cortex. The clumping of boutons suggests that individual axons terminate in limited patches within their terminal fields.
Increased Intensities of YOYO-1–labeled DNA Oligomers Near Silver Particles¶

Abstract DNA detection is usually performed using fluorescence probes. Using a DNA oligomer stained with the widely used dye 1,1′-[1,3-propanediylbis[(dimethylimino)-3,1-propanediyl]]bis[4-[(3-methyl-2(3H)-benzoxazolylidene)methyl]]-quinolinum tetraiodide (YOYO-1), we show that a substrate containing silver particles can lead to a greater than 10-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity. Proximity to silver particles also increases the photostability of YOYO-1–DNA. These results suggest that substrates or gels containing silver particles may be used for increased sensitivity in DNA detection.
An integrated architecture, methods and some tools for creating more sustainable and greener enterprises

Sustainable green engineering design and manufacturing are changing every aspect of our life. This is because the climate is changing and customers are demanding sustainable green products and processes. Since many methods, designs and systems have to be changed, this is a complex field of integrated science and engineering, and we are only at the beginning… Sustainable green engineering has already attracted a wide area of research topics, including all aspects of energy management in every process step throughout the system's lifecycle, renewable energy creation and storage, all sorts of waste reduction methods, new approaches to risk analysis and customer requirements analysis, new biodegradable materials, sustainable non-toxic manufacturing processes and machinery, new levels of optimization in control systems, advanced digital design/manufacturing system simulation methods, sustainability statistics, human and machine error prevention, reuse, recycling, and others. In this paper we offer an overview, as well as some methodology and concrete results.
An experimental study of temperature effect on modal parameters of the Alamosa Canyon Bridge

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Dr Charles R. Farrar and Dr Scott W. Doebling of the Los Alamos National Laboratory for providing the experimental data of the Alamosa Canyon Bridge. This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMS- 95261-2 and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NAG2-1065.
Calcitonin-gene-related peptide activates the muscarinic-gated K+ current in atrial cells.

A high density of nerve fibers containing calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in the atria. Recently CGRP was reported to open ATP-sensitive K channels in arterial smooth muscle cells. This study examines whether CGRP activates a similar K+ channel in cardiac cells. In voltage-clamped whole cells loaded with GTP and ATP, CGRP reversibly evoked an inwardly rectifying K+ current. To identify the K+ channel that gives rise to this current, three types of K+ channel (resting, ATP-sensitive and acetylcholine-activated) were examined. CGRP failed to activate or inhibit the ATP-sensitive or the resting K+ channel. However, CGRP (0.1–1 μM) caused activation of single channels with kinetics similar to that of the muscarinic K+ channel (35–40 pS conductance and approx. 1 ms mean open time in symmetrical 140 mM K+). In excised, inside-out (CGRP in pipette) or in outside-out (GTP in pipette) patches, the K+ current was activated by perfusion with GTP or CGRP, respectively, suggesting that CGRP activated the muscarinic K+ channel via GTP-binding protein. Treatment with pertussis toxin inhibited the activation of the K+ channel, suggesting that CGRP receptor may be coupled to a Gi or a Go type of GTP-binding protein. Together with previous findings, these results suggest that CGRP modulates several types of ion channels to produce its cellular effects.
Improved antenna-array multi-user OFDM in slow-fading frequency-selective channels based on oversampling

Multi-user orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with antenna arrays has been extensively investigated in the past with success. However, the performance of this type of OFDM in realistic multipath fading environments is limited when the number of carriers is small (i.e. less than 128 carriers are employed). In addition, the space correlation between different antenna elements was neglected in the past studies of this system. In this paper, a technique based on over-sampling at the receiver is employed to improve the performance of antenna array multi-user OFDM over slow-fading, frequency-selective (i.e. time-dispersive) channels. This oversampling technique improves the performance of both the channel estimation and data detection by several dB, under both independent antenna elements and dependent ones. Two multi-user receivers are employed: linear decorrelating receivers (LDR) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) ones. The oversampling technique increases the complexity of the receiver linearly with the oversampling factor used. In addition, by using different oversampling factors in the pilot (channel estimation) and data detection modes respectively, the system complexity can be kept to a minimum value.
The observation of coherent triplet excitons and density of states functions in molecular crystals

Abstract The observation of coherent triplet Frenkel excitons is reported in a molecular crystal 1, 2, 4, 5 tetrachlorobenzene. The results can be interpreted in terms of a one-dimensional model in which the largest intermolecular exchange interaction is associated with the translationally equivalent molecules along the a axis. Using the theory developed in the previous paper, the bandwidth, coherence length and density of states functions have been determined from a zero field optically detected microwave experiment for the lowest triplet band in tetrachlorobenzene at temperatures below 4.2°K.
Effect of selection for coleoptile length in rye, Secale cereale L.

Two hundred and forty seedlings from each of three diverse populations were measured for coleoptile length. Significant differences between populations were found for mean coleoptile length. Considerable variability was obtained within each population with coefficient of variation values ranging from 32 to 42%. Forty seedlings from each population were placed into one of three selection groups: random (0); shortest 20% (S20); and longest 20% (L20). The plants within each group in each population were allowed to interpollinate. The coleoptile length of 100 seedlings from each group obtained from the interpollination was then measured. This experiment was repeated in each of two successive years. Positive response to selection was found in all populations in both years. The means of the L20 selection group were significantly higher than the means of the 0 group in 6 out of 6 comparisons. The means of the S20 group were significantly lower than the means of the 0 group in only 2 out of 6 comparisons. Selection response values also reflected these results. Therefore, selection for long coleoptile length was considerably more effective and consistent than selection for short coleoptile length. These results suggest that short coleoptile length may be partially dominant to long coleoptile length. No significant correlation between seed weight and coleoptile length was found indicating that selection for coleoptile length on the basis of seed weight would probably be ineffective.
A novel cathode configuration for organic light-emitting devices

Bilayers of aluminum (Al) and alkali fluoride (such as sodium fluoride) are well-known top cathode contacts for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) in which the alkali fluoride is inserted in between the Al and organic materials. However, the configuration, to date, has never been successfully applied as bottom cathode contacts. In this article, we describe a novel bilayer bottom cathode contact for OLEDs utilizing the same materials but with a reversed structure, i.e. the Al rather than the alkali fluoride contacts the organic material. Electron-only devices were fabricated showing enhanced electron injection from this bottom contact with respect to an Al-only contact. Kelvin probe, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy experiments and thermodynamic calculations suggest that the enhancement results from n-doping of the organic material by dissociated alkali metals.
International asset prices and portfolio choices under Bayesian learning

Abstract We calculate equilibrium asset prices and portfolio choices from a two-country OLG international asset pricing model under the assumption that investors are on a Bayesian learning path. Investors from both countries receive identical information flows, but domestic investors start off with less precise priors concerning foreign fundamentals. Learning is shown to produce first-order effects on the properties of asset prices, in the form of increased equity returns, volatility clustering, and time-varying correlations across national stock markets. Moreover, on a learning path, estimation risk generates portfolio biases similar to those observed empirically, i.e. a strong preference towards domestic securities and excessive turnover in foreign securities. These findings are robust to changes in prior beliefs, the calibration of initial information asymmetries, and the parameterization of the model. We use real GDP data for the US and Europe to calibrate the model and show that in the event of a financial liberalization during the 1970s, high excess returns, time-varying volatility, substantial home bias, and excess turnover should have been observed.
"I Live Hopi, I Just Don't Speak It"—The Critical Intersection of Language, Culture, and Identity in the Lives of Contemporary Hopi Youth

Despite having been immersed in the Hopi culture throughout their lives, many of today's Hopi youth do not understand or speak their heritage language. This article highlights the notion of “affective enculturation”—the development of an emotional commitment to Hopi ideals—cultivated through the myriad practices that comprise the Hopi oral tradition. This ethnographic study focusing on the cultural and linguistic experiences of 3 Hopi youth revealed that (a) even without a strong origin in the language, youth learn to act, think, and feel Hopi through their active participation in their Hopi world and (b) language is only one of the many ways to experience and learn one's culture. Nevertheless, these youth contend that the Hopi language is fundamental to “fully” participating in and understanding the Hopi way of life—a finding that offers hope for reinvigoration and (re)acquisition of the language among all generations.
Two novel RUNX1 mutations in a patient with congenital thrombocytopenia that evolved into a high grade myelodysplastic syndrome

Here we report two new RUNX1 mutations in one patient with congenital thrombocytopenia that transformed into a high grade myelodysplastic syndrome with myelomonocytic features. The first mutation was a nucleotide base substitution from guanine to adenine within exon 8, resulting in a nonsense mutation in the DNA-binding inhibitory domain of the Runx1 protein. This nonsense mutation is suspected a de novo germline mutation since both parents are negative for the mutation. The second mutation identified was an in-frame six nucleotide base pair insertion in exon 5 of the RUNX1 gene, which is predicted to result in an insertion in the DNA-binding runt homology domain (RHD). This mutation is believed to be a somatic mutation as it was mosaic before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and disappeared after transplant. As no other genetic mutation was found using genetic screening, it is speculated that the combined effect of these two RUNX1 mutations may have exerted a stronger dominant negative effect than either RUNX1 mutation alone, thus leading to a myeloid malignancy.
Copper(III) Pyrophosphate Complexes in Aqueous Solution. A Pulse Radiolysis Study at Ambient and High Pressure

The reaction between OH radicals and [CuII(P2O7)2(H2O)2]6- results in the formation of a Cu(III) complex. No reaction is observed with N3• or Br2•-, whereas SO4•- initiates the same steps as seen with •OH. This suggests that the mechanism probably involves a ligand interchange or H• atom abstraction process. The Cu(III) complex undergoes a rapid first-order reaction, probably loss of a P2O74- chelate, followed by addition of OH- (pKOH ≈ 10) to yield a Cu(III) complex that is predominantly hydroxylated and has a relatively long half life. The effect of pressure (up to 150 MPa) on the formation and subsequent reactions of the Cu(III) complex is used to help elucidate the mechanism of the different steps.
In-Service Diagnostics of a Highway Bridge from a Progressive Damage Case Study

Development of diagnostic and prognostic routines for application to in-service measurements from highway bridges necessitates analysis of experimental measurements from in-service highway bridges under natural or prescribed induced damage. This is generally limited to the unique opportunity of investigating end-of-service life bridges prior to reconstruction and consequently only a limited library of such case studies exist. This paper documents a field test of an end-of-service bridge span with prescribed progressive damage to a bearing as well as several diaphragm connections. Thirty dual-axis accelerometers were distributed across the bridge span with data acquisition and transmission facilitated by a real-time lossless wireless sensor network. A highway department service truck applied traffic excitation to the structure through routine passes on a consistent lane of traffic. Output-only system identification was applied to the baseline time history response to develop a state-space model of the brid...
SOME KINEMATIC ASPECTS OF FRONTAL ZONES

Abstract It is possible that the technique of wind analysis, developed long ago by Sandstrom and V. Bjerknes, may supplement the standard isobaric and frontal analysis of surface weather maps. A first approximation to a theory concerning the relation between asymptotes in the wind field and frontal zones suggests that the technique might reveal, by simple inspection of the separate frontal and wind analyses, the speed of movement of frontal zones, changes in their intensity and the sign of the vertical motion in their neighborhood.
A model for electrochemical and electrokinetic coupling in inhomogeneous porous media

Abstract A theoretical analysis of transport phenomena in inhomogeneous charged porous media has been presented using a two-dimensional network model. The network as well as the series and parallel models allows us to calculate the streaming potential and modified potential across inhomogeneous charged porous media. The work presented provides insight into the relationships among pore structure, flow properties, and coupling coefficients.
The Moravians during the French and Indian War

In 1754 the English colonies were concentrated along the Atlantic seaboard and the river valleys leading thereto. To the west of this more-or-less densely populated strip lay a vast wilderness permanently inhabited only by Indians and dotted with the isolated military garrisons and trading posts of the French. Because of conflicting claims and a faulty knowledge of geography, neither England nor France had been successful in convincing the other nation of the validity of her territorial claims. Three wars—King William's (1689–1697), Queen Anne's (1702–1713), and King George's (1744–1748) had been fought in an effort to solve this troublesome question, but in 1754 the problem was much the same as it had been in 1689.
The Arabidopsis Cell Plate-Associated Dynamin-Like Protein, ADL1Ap, Is Required for Multiple Stages of Plant Growth and Development

Dynamin and dynamin-like proteins are GTP-binding proteins involved in vesicle trafficking. In soybean, a 68-kD dynamin-like protein called phragmoplastin has been shown to be associated with the cell plate in dividing cells (Gu and Verma, 1996). Five ADL1 genes encoding dynamin-like proteins related to phragmoplastin have been identified in the completed Arabidopsis genome. Here we report that ADL1Ap is associated with punctate subcellular structures and with the cell plate in dividing cells. To assess the function of ADL1Ap we utilized a reverse genetic approach to isolate three separate Arabidopsis mutant lines containing T-DNA insertions in ADL1A. Homozygous adl1A seeds were shriveled and mutant seedlings arrested soon after germination, producing only two leaf primordia and severely stunted roots. Immunoblotting revealed that ADL1Ap expression was not detectable in the mutants. Despite the loss of ADL1Ap, the mutants did not display any defects in cytokinesis, and growth of the mutant seedlings could be rescued in tissue culture by the addition of sucrose. Although these sucrose-rescued plants displayed normal vegetative growth and flowered, they set very few seeds. Thus, ADL1Ap is critical for several stages of plant development, including embryogenesis, seedling development, and reproduction. We discuss the putative role of ADL1Ap in vesicular trafficking, cytokinesis, and other aspects of plant growth.
Pathologic risk factors of occult malignancy in endoscopically unresectable colonic adenomas.

Abstract BACKGROUND: With the advent of new endoscopic and laparoscopic techniques, the likelihood of colonoscopically unresectable adenomas harboring occult malignancy influences management. While prior studies have evaluated polyp size and morphology in assessing the risk of malignancy, the relative risk of cancer based on the presence or absence of high-grade dysplasia has not been systematically studied. METHODS: For all lesions preoperatively diagnosed as adenomas without invasive cancer, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to elicit independent variables associated with malignancy in the resected specimen. RESULTS: One hundred patients underwent a colectomy for preoperatively diagnosed adenomatous lesions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed size, degree of dysplasia, and left-sided location to be independent predictors of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: In colonic adenomas which are not amenable to simple colonoscopic resection, the most useful predictors of the lesion harboring a malignancy are polyp size and the presence of high-grade dysplasia, and these factors can help determine management.
Urolithiasis in renal and combined pancreas/renal transplant recipients.

AbstractPurpose: Urological complications in renal transplant recipients will become more common with increasing numbers of transplantations as well as increased graft survival secondary to improvements in immunosuppression. Urinary stone disease may be one of those complications. We determine the current incidence of urinary stone disease in renal transplant patients based on contemporary immunosuppressive regimens.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 1,730 renal and 83 pancreas/renal transplantations performed during the cyclosporine era and identified 8 recipients (0.4%) with urinary stone disease, including 3 with renal pelvic stones, 1 with multiple ureteral stones and 4 with bladder calculi.Results: Treatment ranged from conservative observation to open pyelolithotomy, and included percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. The ureteral stones were removed with antegrade and retrograde ureteroscopy. The 4 bladder stones were treated with cystolithalopaxy. No...
Surface Tension Driven Flow in Glass Melts and Model Fluids

Experiments on surface tension driven flow in nominally cylindrical columns of a glass melt and silicone oils are described and results are presented. Predictions from an appropriate theoretical model are included. Conclusive proof has been obtained for the dominance of surface tension driven flow in these systems under the conditions of the present investigation.
International cancer care: what is the role of oncology nursing?

Comprehensive cancer care continues to improve in the United States, but many developing countries carry a high cancer burden. With limited resources, nurses in such countries often are unable to improve cancer detection and treatment or relieve patient suffering. The Oncology Nursing Society has developed collaborative relationships with many international organizations to educate nurses around the world. Global partnerships have the potential to improve cancer care internationaily and encourage more oncology nurses to use their expertise and become "citizens of the world.".
Subpicosecond Thomson scattering measurements of optically ionized helium plasmas.

We present the first subpicosecond time-resolved temperature measurements of plasmas produced by high-intensity optical ionization. Thomson scattering is used to measure electron and ion temperatures of helium plasmas created by 125 fs, 800 nm laser pulses focused to an intensity of 2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{17}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. We find that the electron temperature is accurately predicted by a tunneling ionization model. The measured ion temperature is consistent with direct heating by the laser pulse.