cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toe metastasis: A rare pattern of cervical cancer spread☆

BackgroundCervical cancer is locally invasive, spreading primarily throughdirect extension. Lymphatic spread to regional pelvic nodes is lesscommon, and hematogenous spread occurs even less frequently,often occurring in advanced stages of cervical cancer with highgrade tumors that is responsible for metastases to lungs, liver,spleen,brain,andbone(Agarwaletal.,2002).Accordingly,boneme-tastases most commonly involve direct and lymphatic spread to thepelvis and lumbar spine (Dewdney and Selvarajah, 2010). Distal ap-pendicular skeletal metastases, attributable to hematogenous dis-ease dissemination, are rare.Here, we report two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervixmetastatic to the toe, causing pain, edema, and erythema, symptomswhich can mimic infectious etiology. Because toe metastases are rare,both cases were initially thought to be of infectious origin, highlightingthe importance of awareness of this site of metastases.
Common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer) management with soil-applied herbicides in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Abstract Amaranthus rudis can exhibit multiple emergence events during a crop growing season. Control of this species in soybean with soil-applied herbicides can be variable. A 2-yr field research project was conducted to examine the influence of herbicide application timing and dose on efficacy of six soil-applied herbicides for common waterhemp control in soybean. Four weeks after soybean planting, herbicides applied preemergence provided 18% greater common waterhemp control than when herbicides were applied 5 weeks early preplant. Herbicide dose did not significantly influence common waterhemp control, but differences among the six herbicides were evident. Sulfentrazone controlled common waterhemp better and reduced its density more than other herbicides. All herbicides reduced the weed density and dry weight more than the nontreated control.
ARE WE RECOVERING? AN EVALUATION OF RECOVERY CRITERIA UNDER THE U.S. ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT

In 1988, the Endangered Species Act was amended to require that recovery plans include objective criteria for delisting. In this paper, we characterized (1) temporal trends in the use of recovery criteria; (2) patterns of use for different categories of recovery criteria; (3) variability in the use of criteria by taxa and plan type; and (4) the relationship between categories of recovery criteria (population size, population trends, habitat fragmentation, demography, and legal/policy/other) and population status (i.e., declining, stable, improving). Of the 181 species (in 135 recovery plans) analyzed, 91% include at least one criterion, and 81% include at least one quantitative criterion. The total number of recovery criteria specified in plans increased significantly for species with plans approved after 1990. However, the number of recovery criteria characterized as having an unclear relationship to biological information also increased significantly for plans approved after 1990. Population size was the most quantitative and frequently used criterion, and there was a significant increase in the number of “population size” and “population trend” criteria with quantitative metrics after 1990. Species characterized as improving were more likely to include a very clear relationship to biological information. More recovery criteria are being developed for species in recent plans, and there is some evidence that species with improving status have a larger number of recovery criteria.
Design space exploration using time and resource duality with the ant colony optimization

Design space exploration during high level synthesis is often conducted through ad-hoc probing of the solution space using some scheduling algorithm. This is not only time consuming but also very dependent on designer's experience. We propose a novel design exploration method that exploits the duality between the time and resource constrained scheduling problems. Our exploration automatically constructs a high quality time/area tradeoff curve in a fast, effective manner. It uses the MAX-MIN ant colony optimization to solve both the time and resource constrained scheduling problems. We switch between the time and resource constrained algorithms to quickly traverse the design space. Compared to using force directed scheduling exhaustively at every time step, our algorithm provides a significant solution quality savings (average 17.3% reduction of resource counts) with similar run time on a comprehensive benchmark suite constructed with classic and real-life samples. Our algorithms scale well over different applications and problem sizes.
Range-free qualitative navigation

Some recent algorithms developed for qualitative navigation that are completely independent of range estimates to landmarks are summarized. Several distinctions that reflect more realistic application of qualitative navigation algorithms to real robots are introduced. These involve the extent to which landmarks can be identified from very different points of view (called the distinctiveness of landmarks), whether or not a compass is allowed, and distinctions between different types of compasses. >
Carbon Nanotube Based Infrared Detector Array

As a promising nanomaterial, carbon nanotube (CNT) has been studied for infrared sensing with their unique properties such as wide range of band gaps and reduced carrier scattering. However, due to the traditional inefficient and unreliable fabrication processes, the research of CNT based infrared sensors remained on the single pixel study, which significantly limited the further investigation and application of CNTs in infrared sensing. In this study, a reliable and efficient nanomanufacturing process was used to build CNT based infrared detector array. A pixel is fabricated by assembling a single CNT or a small bundle of CNTs onto a pair of microelectrodes to form connections. The assembly process utilizes the dielectrophoresis deposition method to attract CNTs around the microelectrodes and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) nanomanipulation system to position CNTs. Since the process is reliable and controllable, it enables the possibility to fabricate CNT based infrared detector arrays. A three-pixel CNT based infrared detector array with a 10 mum pixel pitch was fabricated in this paper. The electronic and photonic properties of each pixel are tested and characterized. Experimental results have shown that the three pixels have small thermal crosstalk between adjacent pixels, which is an important factor limiting the pixel pitch of infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs). Since the traditional IRFPAs have a pixel pitch in the range of 25-50 mum or even larger, their resolutions are normally very low. The small pixel pitch of the developed CNT detector array makes it possible to fabricate high resolution IRFPAs.
Phylogenetic Hypotheses of the Relationships of Arthropods to Precambrian and Cambrian Problematic Fossil Taxa

A number of Vendian (latest Precambrian) body fossils have traditionally been consid- ered arthropods or arthropodlike organisms. Several Cambrian "weird wonders" have also been linked with the arthropods. However, these relationships are difficult to express in traditional Linnean systematics. I present a morphological cladistic analysis of seven Vendian "arthropodlike" taxa compared with 21 representative Cambrian arthropods, lobopods, and weird wonders. Four arthropods from the later Phanerozoic (a pycnogonid, a monuran, and the problematic Chebnielbn and Arthropleura), five extant tardigrades, two extant kinorhynchs, and an extant priapulid, myr- iapod, pycnogonid, and onychophoran are also included. Monophyly of the Arthropoda is sup- ported, but the anomalocarids and their relatives (Anomalopoda) fall out very close to the base of the traditional Arthropoda and should be included within it. The relationships among arthro- pods with uniramous appendages are not well resolved, but the group does not appear to be monophyletic. The biramous arthropods do form a clade and are divided into a crustaceanomorph clade and an arachnomorph clade that includes the trilobites. Most Vendian arthropodlike fossils form two clades, the Vendiamorpha and the Sprigginidae, in the arthropod stem group. The Lobopoda is a monophyletic clade with three branches: tardigrades, onychophorans, and marine lobopods. An unranked taxonomic scheme is proposed for the major clades identified here. There is no compelling reason to accept the hypothesis that the Vendian organisms included here are not metazoans. (Precambrian; Vendian; Ediacara fauna; Cambrian; problematica; arthropod; lo- bopod.)
Antimicrobial irrigation of deep pockets to supplement oral hygiene instruction and root debridement. I. Bi-weekly irrigation.

Abstract 64 sites with probing pocket depth 6 mm from 11 patients were treated with plaque control instruction and one episode of root planing. Subsequently, selected sites in each patient were irrigated with either chlorhexidine, tetracycline, saline or served as non-irrigated control sites. Irrigation immediately followed instrumentation, and was repealed every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. Healing was monitored at 8, 16, and 24 weeks clinically and at 7, 15, and 23 weeks with subgingival washings for determination of % as well as total number of spirochetes. The following changes were apparent from comparing pooled site means al 24 weeks with pre-treatment data: (1) bleeding sites decreased from 62 of 64 sites initially to 22 of 64 at 24 weeks; (2) spirochetes decreased from 34% to 2%; (3) probing pocket depths decreased from 7.6 to 4.7 mm; (4) probing attachment levels showed a gain of 1.2 mm. The improvement of the chlorhexidine and tetracycline irrigated sites was similar to that of the saltne irrigated and non-irrigated control sites. Thus, biweekly chlorhexidine, tetracycline or saline irrigation of deep pockets did not appear to augment the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Performance analysis of NEMO using city section mobility model

Mobile networks can be formed in bus, train, aircrafts, satellites with a wide variety of on-board IP-enable devices and Network Mobility (NEMO) protocols are required to support uninterrupted services to ongoing sessions. Node mobility has a direct impact on the performance evaluation of various NEMO protocols. However, most of the analysis on mobility protocols used random waypoint mobility model which does not always represent real-world movement patterns in city streets. In this paper, we have used city section mobility model, a realistic street mobility model, to analyze the performance of the basic network-mobility protocol. We have used ns-2 simulation to compare the performance of NEMO using city section and random waypoint models. Results have been obtained for average throughput, packet drop probability, end-to-end delay, handoff frequency, and signaling overhead and show significant deviation between the mobility models. Our analysis thus can help in estimating the various performance metrics of mobile network deployed in city streets.
Relationship Between Atmospheric Temperature and Survival of Airborne Bacteria

Effects of temperatures ranging from -40 to 49 C on the behavior of airborne Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis var. niger were investigated. Aerosol decay rates of B. subtilis spores were not significantly affected by the temperature and remained approximately constant within the temperature range studied. The survival of airborne S. marcescens and E. coli was closely related to the temperature. An increase in temperature from -18 to 49 C resulted in a progressive increase of the biological death rate, and the relationship between the biological death rate and the temperature appeared to be linear. An increase in temperature from 24 to 49 C resulted in significantly reduced aerosol recoveries of the two vegetative organisms. At -40 C, the aerosol recovery of all three agents was consistently lower than at -18 to 24 C.
Mammalian Nonsynonymous Sites Are Not Overdispersed: Comparative Genomic Analysis of Index of Dispersion of Mammalian Proteins

It is often stated that patterns of nonsynonymous rate variation among mammalian lineages are more irregular than expected or overdispersed under the neutral model, whereas synonymous sites conform to the neutral model. Here we reexamined genome-wide patterns of the variance to mean ratio, or index of dispersion (R), of substitutions in proteins from human, mouse, and dog. Contrary to the prevailing notion, we found that the mean index of dispersion for nonsynonymous sites of mammalian proteins is not significantly different from 1. We propose that earlier analyses were biased because the data included disproportionately more protein hormones, which tend to be more dispersed than genes in other functional categories. Synonymous sites exhibit greater degree of dispersion than nonsynonymous sites, although similar to earlier estimates and potentially due to errors associated with correction for multiple hits. Overall, our analysis identifies strong genome-wide generation-time effect and natural selection as important determinants of among-lineage variation of protein evolutionary rates. Furthermore, patterns of lineage-specific selective constraint are consistent with the nearly neutral model of molecular evolution.
Analysis of anomaly correlations

Recognizing correlations between data sets is the basis for rationalizing geophysical interpretation and theory. Procedures are presented that constitute an effective process for identifying correlative features between two or more digital data sets. The procedures include the development of normalization factors from the mean and variance properties of the data sets. Using these factors, the data sets may be transformed so that they have common amplitude ranges, means, and variances, thereby allowing a common graphical representation of the data sets that facilitates the visualization of feature correlations. Anomaly features that show direct, inverse, or no correlations between data sets may be separated by the application of correlation filters in the frequency domains of the data sets. The correlation filter passes or rejects wavenumbers between coregistered data sets based on the correlation coefficient between common wavenumbers as given by the cosine of their phase difference. Standardizing and summing the filtered outputs where directly correlative features have been enhanced yields local favorability indices that optimize the perception of these features. Differencing the standardized outputs where inversely correlative features have been enhanced, on the other hand, provides favorability indices that improve the perception of the inverse correlations. This study includes a generic example, as well as magnetic and gravity anomaly profile examples that illustrate the usefulness of these procedures for extracting correlative features between digital data sets.
Detection limits of intraoperative near infrared imaging for tumor resection

Background and Objectives: The application of fluorescent molecular imaging to surgical oncology is a developing field with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, the detection thresholds and other requirements for successful intervention remain poorly understood. Here we modeled and experimentally validated depth and size of detection of tumor deposits, trade-offs in coverage and resolution of areas of interest, and required pharmacokinetics of probes based on differing levels of tumor target presentation. Methods: Three orthotopic tumor models were imaged by widefield epifluorescence and confocal microscopes, and the experimental results were compared with pharmacokinetic models and light scattering simulations to determine detection thresholds. Results: Widefield epifluorescence imaging can provide sufficient contrast to visualize tumor margins and detect tumor deposits 3‐5 mm deep based on labeled monoclonal antibodies at low objective magnification. At higher magnification, surface tumor deposits at cellular resolution are detectable at TBR ratios achieved with highly expressed antigens. Conclusions: A widefield illumination system with the capability for macroscopic surveying and microscopic imaging provides the greatest utility for varying surgical goals. These results have implications for system and agent designs, which ultimately should aid complete resection in most surgical beds and provide real-time feedback to obtain clean margins. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:758–764. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Congenital Lobar Emphysema and Tension Pneumothorax in a Dog

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) and tension pneumothorax (TPT) are rarely reported in dogs. A case of CLE of the right middle lung lobe predisposing to air trapping, alveolar hyperinflation, and pleural rupture resulting in fatal spontaneous TPT in a 6-month-old mixed breed dog is described. The unique alteration of "bloat line" was observed in this case in addition to compressive atelectasis of all other lung lobes and lack of negative pressure within the thoracic cavity, signifying markedly elevated intrathoracic pressure. Bronchial cartilage hypoplasia and bronchiectasis were confirmed microscopically, which likely led to abnormal dynamic collapse of bronchi during expiration, consequentially leading to increased intrapulmonary pressure, bullous emphysema, and pleural rupture resulting in TPT. TPT consequent to CLE may therefore be considered one of the potential causes of sudden death in young dogs without overt clinical illness.
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics of Unbound Propranolol after Oral Administration

After multiple oral doses, propranolol has been reported to accumulate to a greater degree than expected based on its terminal elimination rate constant and dosage interval. To determine whether the decrease in presystemic elimination can be attributed solely to a decrease in unbound intrinsic clearance or possibly a decrease in unbound fraction, we studied the pharmacokinetics of unbound propranolol in nine healthy subjects who were given 160 mg of regular or sustained-release propranolol orally as single doses, and once daily for 7 d. Unbound propranolol concentrations were calculated by HPLC and equilibrium dialysis on each serum sample. With regular propranolol, the mean unbound oral clearance (CLorat) decreased 29%, from 503 ± 281 after a single dose to 359 ± 143 mL/min/kg at steady state (p < 0.05). Similarly, CLoral decreased 33% with sustained-release propranolol from 1077 ± 514 to 721 ± 385 mL/min/kg (NS). The corresponding accumulation ratios for regular and sustained-release propranolol were 1.39 ± 0.49 and 1.61 ± 0.81, respectively (NS). Therefore, the mean bioavailability of sustained-release relative to that of regular propranolol was 0.52 ± 0.23 and 0.54 ± 0.17 for single doses and at steady-state, respectively. The percent unbound of propranolol ranged from 6.8 to 14.0 with an average of 10.1. Neither the percent unbound nor α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) serum concentrations were statistically different between single and multiple doses. The binding ratio was significantly correlated to AAG concentration (r = 0.776, p < 0.05). The data support a decrease in unbound intrinsic clearance of propranolol with no change in unbound fraction, leading to an increase in bioavailability at steady state.
Foliar Resistance to Fall Armyworm in Corn Germplasm Lines that Confer Resistance to Root- and Ear-Feeding Insects*

ABSTRACT A holistic approach to developing new corn germplasm that confers multiple insect resistance in various plant tissues at different growth stages was examined. Eight corn germplasm lines were examined for their foliar resistance to fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] and natural enemy attraction at V6–V8 (or 6–8 leaf) stages in 2008 and 2009. Four corn germplasm lines with known levels of resistance to root- and ear-feeding insects [‘CRW3(S1)C6’, ‘B37*H84’, ‘SIM6’ and ‘EPM6’], and four germplasm entries with different levels of S. frugiperda resistance (‘Mp708’, ‘Ab24E’, ‘FAW7061’ and ‘FAW7111’) were evaluated in the study. All plants were manually infested with 15–20 neonate S. frugiperda larvae per plant, and injury was rated 7 and 14 d after infestation. Based on cluster analysis of S. frugiperda injury rating and predator survey data, ‘Mp708’ and ‘FAW7061’ were the most resistant, whereas ‘Ab24E’ and ‘EPM6’ were the most susceptible to fall armyworm fee...
Gender Inequality and the Family and Medical Leave Act

In this article, we use feminist theories of the state to examine why the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) has had relatively little impact on increasing men’s caregiving after the birth or adoption of a child. An analysis of witness testimonies and of the language of the proposed bill at three different stages of its development revealed that as the business community became more vocal in its opposition to the bill, benefits for workers were reduced and testimonies discussing how FMLA could help alleviate gender inequality all but disappeared. We argue that making gender inequality in caregiving a focal point of discussions during the development of the bill could result in a policy that encourages men to use it and, in turn, lead to an increase in caregiving by fathers.
The Potential Role for Protein-Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine in Adults: What Is the Supporting Evidence?

Vaccination with protein-conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) provides children with extraordinary protection against pneumococcal disease, although the protective effect may be blunted by the emergence of replacement strains. Studies in adults have compared PCV with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) using surrogate markers of protection, namely, serum anticapsular IgG antibody and opsonic activity. Results suggest that PCV is at least as effective as PPV for the strains covered, but a definitive and consistent advantage has not been demonstrated. Unfortunately, persons who are most in need of vaccine do not respond as well as otherwise healthy adults to either vaccine. Newer formulations of PCV will protect against the most prevalent of the current replacement strains, but replacement strains will create a moving target for PCVs. Unless an ongoing trial comparing 13-valent PCV with placebo (not to PPV) demonstrates a clearly better effect than that seen in the past with PPV, cost-effectiveness considerations are likely to prevent widespread use of PCV in adults.
A Cross-Validation of Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman's International Interaction Game

Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman's version of an expected utility theory of war is one of the most widely cited theories of international conflict. However, the testing of the theory has lagged its theoretical development. To date, the theory has been tested on only 707 dyad-years, all drawn from Europe between 1816 and 1970. We present a broader test of War and Reason's expected utility theory of war using the same methods as Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman. Our tests include the full international system from 1816 to 1984. We find that the theory receives empirical support using the set of politically relevant dyads for testing, but the relationship is less clear among the population of all interstate dyads.
The Effect of PEEP on Cardiac Output

sitive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP) is well established as an integral part ofthe management of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. While PEEP improves pulmonary gas exchange in the majority of patients, it may also decrease cardiac output.’5 As a result, oxygen transport (cardiac output x arterial oxygen content) may not increase and tissue oxygenation, a critical determinant of normal organ function, may be impaired.�’#{176} In 1948, Cournand et al#{176} proposed that PEEP decreased CO by increasing intrathoracic pressure thus impeding venous return to the heart. Since Coumand’s study, basic concepts of cardiac physiology have been refined and expanded. Within this context, more recent studies’�22 of the effect of PEEP on cardiac function have suggested that impairment ofvenous return does not adequately explain the decrease in cardiac output produced by PEEP. Understanding the mechanisms by which PEEP reduces cardiac output may have important therapeutic implications for the management ofpatients with acute respiratory failure. Therefore, in this article we summarize the results of recent studies that have addressed this issue.
Automatic Online Validation of Network Configuration in the Emulab Network Testbed

Emulab is a large-scale, remotely-accessible network and distributed systems testbed used by over a thousand researchers around the world. In Emulab, users create "experiments" composed of arbitrarily interconnected groups of dedicated machines that are automatically configured according to user specifications. In the last year alone, users have run over 18,000 such experiments, expecting consistent and correct behavior in the face of the ever-evolving 500,000 line code base and 3,000 discrete hardware components that comprise Emulab. We have found normal testing to be insufficient to meet these expectations and have therefore provided continuous, automatic validation. This paper describes Linktest, an integral part of our validation framework that is responsible for end-to-end validation during the configuration of every experiment. Developing and deploying such a validation approach faces numerous challenges, including the need for a code path entirely independent of the rest of the Emulab software. We describe our system's motivation, its design and implementation and our experience.
Effects of selected vasoconstrictor agonists on isolated omental artery from premenopausal nonpregnant women and from normal and preeclamptic pregnant women

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the responsiveness of omental resistance arteries from nonpregnant women and from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women to selected contractile agonists. STUDY DESIGN: Omental artery rings with intact endothelium from normotensive premenopausal nonpregnant women and from normal and preeclamptic pregnant women were mounted in Krebs-bicarbonate solution in organ baths for isometric tension recording. After the presence of endothelium was confirmed, cumulative concentrations of norepinephrine, serotonin, U46619, and endothelin-1 were added. Concentration-response curves were constructed and expressed as percentage of a reference 60 mmol/L potassium chloride contraction. Data analysis was by repeated-measures analysis of variance, Newman-Keuls test, and paired or unpaired Student t test, as appropriate. Statistical significance was by two-tailed p RESULTS: Endothelin-1 and U46619 increased tension similarly in all three groups. Norepinephrine increased tension in nonpregnant vessels to a greater extent than in either preeclamptic or pregnant vessels (nonpregnant 114.3 ± 5.42% vs pregnant 65.2% ± 10.5%, p -5 mol/L, 3 × 10 -5 mol/L, 10 -4 mol/L), and preeclamptic vessels developed more tension than that from normal pregnant vessels at 3 × 10 -6 mol/L ( p = 006) and 10 -5 mol/L ( p p CONCLUSIONS: Omental artery segments from nonpregnant, normotensive pregnant and preeclamptic women contract similarly to endothelin-1 and U46619 but exhibit variable responses to norepinephrine and serotonin. (AM J OBSTET GYNECOL 1996;174:687-93.)
The Varieties of Faith-Related Agencies

Although some recent literature suggests religious social service agencies can help governments reach important social program goals, the true social organization and services of the agencies remain in dispute. This article interviews officials in the wide class of “faith-related” agencies in two cities to consider two aspects of this issue: the ties or “coupling” of agencies to faith, and the impact of coupling on agency structure and service programming. The results suggest that many sampled agencies are loosely tied to faith in terms of resources, more tightly coupled in terms of authority, and moderately coupled with respect to culture; that certain aspects of service-delivery technology are heavily secularized in many agencies; that faith is more influential in such matters as the agencies’ choices of services; and that the larger, potentially more secularized agencies that might be least likely to be characterized as faith based balance differing sets of resources and thereby can more fully deliver services that arguably express faith in action. Given this finding and that most agencies profess a focus on protecting the dignity and rights of clients rather than on individual responsibility or other themes that are stressed by some recent policy proposals, governments need to be extremely selective in funding agencies to promote those proposals’ themes.
Kids in Computing (K.I.C.): is there a solution to solve the computer science enrollment problem?

We, as educators, have all seen firsthand that computer science enrollment numbers have gone down during the past few years. Is there a solution that we can employ that will solve the enrollment problem? Although there is no single solution to solve the problem, this paper will present a combination of various ways that could be used to tackle the enrollment problem and hopefully help improve enrollment numbers.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ADDITIONS ON THE VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF A CONSTRUCTED CORDGRASS MARSH

Because tall vegetation can enhance habitat quality in intertidal wetlands, we examined the effects of N fertilization on the height growth of a constructed cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) marsh in San Diego Bay, where plants are short and soil N low. We varied the duration (therefore also the quantity; 30 g N/M2 every month for 1, 2, 4, or 6 mo) and timing (30 g N/M2 in March, April, June, or August) of N additions during 1993. By fertilizing a second set of replicates for the 6-mo treatment during 1994, we were able to examine the persistence of effects from 1993 vs. the effects of amendments in both years. Traditional canopy response measures (total stem length, maximum height, foliar N) increased most with the greatest duration/quantity of additions in 1993. All duration and timing treatments produced canopies with >100 stems/M2 and ?30 stems/M2 taller than 90 cm, considered suitable for nesting by the endangered Light-footed Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris levipes). However, without additional fertilizer in 1994, the previous year's canopy responses were not retained, suggesting insufficient storage of N in belowground tissues. Only plots fertilized in both years continued to produce ?30 tall stems/M2. The coarse dredge-spoil sediments of the constructed marsh had only 1/4 to 1/3 the total N found in the fine-textured soils of a nearby natural marsh, where cordgrass grows tall and clapper rails nest. We recommend that future marsh restoration projects begin with fine soils that promote N retention and accumulation to sustain tall canopies, rather than sug- gesting long-term fertilization.
political economy and social change: the Bissette affair and local-level politics in Morne-Vert

What are the merits and weaknesses of Turner's “action theory”? In the case of local-level politics in Morne-Vert and the Bissette affair, it appears that elucidating Turner's redressive stage of social drama is difficult without first establishing explicit relations between “political fields” and economic production. While Turner and Swartz define political field to include scarce (that is, economic) resources, prizes, or values, the economy—defined as a particular form of production—is conspicuously absent in “actor-oriented” political anthropology. This oversight is a major weakness in an otherwise significant advance over older forms of British social anthropology. Analysis of the Bissette affair in Morne-Vert politics points to the strengths of an alternate political economy perspective. [political anthropology, political economy, social change, Martinique]
Epilepsy at a Summer Camp for Children and Young Adults With Developmental Disabilities: A 3-Year Experience

ABSTRACT The comprehensive care of children with epilepsy involves not only the treatment of seizures but also enhancement of their quality of life. Children with developmental disabilities are often unable to attend traditional summer camps because of safety concerns, as their prevalence of epilepsy is high and tends to be more severe. The goal of the current study is to describe our epilepsy experience at a summer camp adapted for children with developmental disabilities, with which the U. S. military has had a long-standing relationship. A retrospective chart review of all children and young adults attending summer sessions between 2008 and 2010 was performed. A total of 1,526 camp sessions were attended by 818 campers (mean 13.7 years), with 32.3% of campers having epilepsy. Of campers with epilepsy, 46.6% had cerebral palsy, 57.6% intellectual disability, and 28.8% autism spectrum disorders. Seizure frequency was at least weekly in 21.2% and at least daily in 13.3%. A history of status epilepticus wa...
La Canción famosa a un desengaño del padre Juan Arreiola, S. I.

Cuando, pasada la segunda decada del siglo XVIII, el Padre Juan Jose de Arriola imito la famosisima cancion que otro jesuita mexicano, el Padre Matias de Bocanegra, habia escrito mas de un siglo antes, se inicio en Mexico un curioso quehacer poetico. Las varias imitaciones que hacia ese entonces se escriben partiendo de ambos poemas parecen trazar una trayectoria etica y teologicamente peregrina.
Symposium on the biology of cells modified by viruses or antigens. II. On the analysis of antibody synthesis at the cellular level.

The title of this symposium implies a similarity which is not obvious between the cellular responses to virus infection and to antigenic stimulation. In fact, no analogy between these two types of cellular response is apparent either from a consideration of the natures of the stimuli, a specific nucleotide sequence on the one hand and almost any foreign chemical configuration on the other, or from an examination of the products of the response, identical units in the case of the virus and complementary antibody units in the case of the antigen.
Informational Consequences of Agenda Procedures

Agenda procedures are an important aspect of political decision making in legislatures. This paper compares different agenda forms and evaluates them on their ability to amalgamate information. I model voters with private information, but subject to party pressures, voting in a common value environment and use this model to compare different agenda forms. Special attention is paid to two agenda forms commonly used in practice: the amendment agenda and the sequential elimination agenda. I find that amendment agendas select superior outcomes more often than sequential elimination agendas when there is much ex-ante uncertainty; that the amendment agenda is better able to extract information from votes, but this information can be to the detriment of a group if information is of poor quality.
Health information for lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgendered people on the Internet: context and content

ABSTRACT The groundbreaking publication in April 2001 of the Healthy People 2010 Companion Document for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health supplement to the nation's Healthy People 2010 prevention agenda marked a crucial milestone for gay men, as well as other sexual minorities in the United States. Predicated on work done by the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association and scholars at Columbia University, this policy document outlined health concerns for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) people. Antecedents to those concerns, based in the historic and ongoing oppression of sexual minorities in the United States, are described, as are deficits in the nation's health information gathering systems for addressing both the concerns and presupposing social conditions. The document's authors finally make recommendations for correcting research and knowledge deficits, and for the implementation of policies to ensure adequate and appropriate health care services for LGBT people. The Companion D...
Three California Ambrosia Beetles

The habits of the ambrosia beetles differ greatly from those of other members of the family Scolytidae. Three species are discussed in this article: Monarthrum scutellare Lec. and M. detigerum Lee. infesting oaks and Gnathotrichus sulcatus Lee. infesting Douglas fir. Descriptions of the galleries and the ways in which they cultivate and feed on the fungus are given.
The Decision-Making Process for Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection in a Patient Presenting with an Indeterminate Thyroid Nodule on Cytology Assessment: Role of Preoperative Ultrasound and Molecular Marker Testing

Nodular thyroid disease is a common clinical entity in the United States, with an estimated annual incidence of approximately 0.1 % per year. The clinical importance of nodular thyroid disease rests with the need to exclude nodules that are malignant. Although this goal can be achieved in most patients with conventional diagnostic techniques, including ultrasound (US) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy, conventional diagnostic methods cannot provide definitive diagnoses in many situations, and such cases are reported as “indeterminate”. Due to a lack of definitive diagnosis for indeterminate or suspicious thyroid nodules, the majority of these patients usually undergo diagnostic thyroidectomy to establish a histopathologic diagnosis. To detect nonpalpable lymph node metastases in patients undergoing surgical resection, a dedicated cervical US should be performed to evaluate the central and lateral neck compartments. The detection of lymph node metastases in this setting affords the opportunity to move forward with complete initial resection of all tumor tissue, that is, thyroidectomy and comprehensive compartment-oriented neck dissection. However, the role of prophylactic central neck dissection (CND) remains a contentious issue, because high-level evidence is lacking for such an approach. The clinical utilization of molecular markers as diagnostic preoperative adjuncts appears promising in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules. This may enable the tailoring of more effective initial surgical management strategies in this patient population. However, the true impact of these adjuncts on determining the most optimal surgical extent from an oncologic standpoint has yet to be proven, as none of the currently commercially available molecular markers have been demonstrated to be clear, independent prognostic indicators and therefore should not impact the decision for prophylactic CND.
Treatment approaches following foot and ankle injury

A complete and effective rehabilitation program begins with a thorough subjective and objective evaluation of the problem and injury presented. Biomechanical changes, whether they are anatomically induced or as a result of a form of compensation, must be identified and properly addressed. During the initial phase of rehabilitation, the issues of pain and swelling often must be resolved before full range of motion and return to normal strength can be achieved successfully during the more advanced stages. It is important to incorporate the entire lower quadrant in exercises that are designed to improve proprioception and function, using both in open and closed kinetic chain exercises. Finally, the demands to which the patient is returning to must be recognized to successfully complete the recovery phase.
Role of nutrient limitation and competition in controlling the populations of Asterionella formosa and Microcystis aeruginosa in semicontinuous culture1

Ahstruct The nutrient uptake and growth kinetics of the freshwater diatom Asterionellu formosu and the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa under P or Si limitation were determined in batch cultures at 20°C. Asterionellu had a higher maximum growth rate and a lower halfsaturation constant for growth than Microcystis under P limitation. The maximum uptake velocity for P was higher for Asterionellu than for Microcystis while the half-saturation constants for P uptake were similar for the two species. The Monad model of growth predicted a switch from Si limitation to P limitation for Asterionella at Si:P of about 93 (215). I n experiments with the two species grown together at various Si:P ratios, Asterionellu dominated steady state semicontinuous cultures when both species were P-limited, Si:P > 100. Microcystis became dominant when Asterionellu was Silimited, Si:P < 100. The competition experiments showed the importance of the conccntration of nutrients, as well as the ratio of the nutrients and rate of supply, in controlling the cell densities of the algal species.
Fatal and Benign Congenital Myopathies: Differential Diagnosis

Muscle biopsies from four infants with fatal myopathy and four with benign myopathy were examined using biochemical, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques in the Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Genetics, Columbia University, New York; Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; and Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universitat, Marburg, Germany.
The Regulation of the Biosynthesis of α-1,4 Glucans in Bacteria and Plants

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the properties of the bacterial glycogen and plant starch synthesizing systems and also discusses the significance of the various kinetic and physiological data that strongly suggest that control in these systems occurs at the level of adenosine diphosphate-D-(ADP) glucose synthesis. The formation of the α-l, 4-glucosidic linkages of starch was first observed by Leloir's group in 1960. ADP was a glucosyl donor far superior to uridine diphosphate-D (UDP) glucose. Other glucosyl nucleotides were found to be inactive. Since then, many other 4-glucosyl transferases adsorbed to the starch granules have been found. In all cases, the rate of transfer of glucose from ADP-glucose was 4 to 10 times higher than from UDP-glucose. As the enzyme was intimately associated with the starch granules, it was not possible to show primer requirements. However, if oligosaccharides of the maltodextrin series were added to the reaction mixtures containing ADP-glucose- 14 C and the active starch granules, glucose transfer to these oligosaccharides could be observed.
Integrating Scientific Argumentation to Improve Undergraduate Writing and Learning in a Global Environmental Change Course

ABSTRACT We present a strategy for using scientific argumentation in an early undergraduate laboratory course to teach disciplinary writing practices and to promote critical thinking, knowledge transformation, and understanding of the scientific method. The approach combines targeted writing instruction; data analysis and interpretation; formulation of a hypothesis; and construction of an argument. Students submit and receive feedback on two drafts of two different argumentation essays, providing the opportunity for guided practice. Each written argument is intended to draw on several weeks' course material, including short lectures, discussions, readings, and problem sets. Thus our aim with these writing assignments is to help students synthesize content and concepts, deepening their learning. We have found that this inquiry-based approach to writing engages students in course material, and significantly improves both writing and learning. We observed the greatest improvement among students with the lowe...
Impact of Depth and Breadth of Student Involvement on Academic Achievement

We investigate the direct and interaction effects of breadth and depth of student involvement in campus activities on student grade point average. Using data from the Student Engagement Transcripts on 475 students and ordinary least squares regression, we provide evidence for both direct and interaction effects. A more detailed analysis of the interaction effect reveals the positive effect between depth of involvement and student GPA diminishes with increased levels of breadth of involvement.
Competition Between Hot-Electron Cooling and Large Polaron Screening in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Single Crystals

Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are solution processable semiconductors characterized by long carrier lifetimes. Recent studies have suggested that electrons and holes in LHPs interact with phonons to form large polarons on subpicosecond time-scales and polaron formation may also slow down hot carrier cooling. Using femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE) and transient reflectance (TR) spectroscopies, we follow the initial electron cooling and polaron formation dynamics in single-crystal CsPbBr3 perovskite. We find that the hot electrons cool down initially (≤0.2 ps) with rates of −0.64 ± 0.06 eV/ps and −0.82 ± 0.08 eV/ps at 300 and 80 K, respectively. This weakly temperature-dependent rate is attributed to the initial relaxation of unscreened hot electrons by the emission of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons. On longer time scales, we observe dynamic changes in the photoemission cross-section and in the red-shift of the optical bandgap. We attribute these dynamic changes to large pola...
Bioinformatics for prohormone and neuropeptide discovery

Neuropeptides and peptide hormones are signaling molecules produced via complex post-translational modifications of precursor proteins known as prohormones. Neuropeptides activate specific receptors and are associated with the regulation of physiological systems and behaviors. The identification of prohormones-and the neuropeptides created by these prohormones-from genomic assemblies has become essential to support the annotation and use of the rapidly growing number of sequenced genomes. Here we describe a methodology for identifying the prohormone complement from genomic assemblies that employs widely available public toolsets and databases. The uncovered prohormone sequences can then be screened for putative neuropeptides to enable accurate proteomic discovery and validation.
Cdk1-dependent phosphoinhibition of a formin-F-BAR interaction opposes cytokinetic contractile ring formation.

Formin Cdc12 binds the F-BAR Cdc15 to promote Cdc12’s CR localization. We found that Cdk1 phosphorylates Cdc12’s N-terminus to inhibit its interaction with Cdc15 and CR localization. Therefore, Cdk...
Data Driven Analysis of the Potentials of Dynamic Ride Pooling

This paper focuses on the challenge of dynamically pooling multiple ride requests in real time in order to achieve greater overall efficiency for ride sharing/hailing services. A rigorous formulation of this problem and an efficient pooling method is introduced. This paper adopts a data-driven approach and uses an extensive ride-request data set from the real world to evaluate this method. The experimental results based on the data set for three US cities show that close to 50% of all ride requests can be pooled, and there are significant benefits for both riders and services. Furthermore dynamic ride pooling can potentially yield significant societal benefits in reducing total fuel consumption (by 15%) and alleviating traffic congestion by reducing the total vehicle count (by 30%).