cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of Expression of Reference Genes Among Different Lentil ( Lens culinaris ) Genotypes Subjected to Cold Stress, White Mold Disease, and Aphanomyces Root Rot

Precise quantification of differences in gene expression between plants requires the use of “reference” genes, which are stably expressed across different lines and treatments and serve as endogenous controls for normalizing gene expression data. The objectives of this study were to determine the expression stability of several reference genes across five different lentil varieties subjected to either cold stress, inoculation with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold disease, or inoculation with Aphanomyces euteiches, the causal agent of Aphanomyces root rot. Expression stability was examined in the stems and leaves of plants subjected to cold stress or inoculation with S. sclerotiorum and in the roots of plants inoculated with A. euteiches. Real-time PCR assays (SYBR Green) were designed for six different genes: translation initiation factor (TIF), 18S rRNA, actin, β-tubulin-2, β-tubulin-3, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. TIF, actin, and 18S rRNA tended to be the most stably expressed genes, with expression stability (M) values less than 0.5 during cold stress and inoculation with A. euteiches. Two reference genes were required to normalize data from plants exposed to cold stress or inoculated with A. euteiches. The reference genes exhibited the lowest expression stability in plants inoculated with S. sclerotiorum, for which five reference genes were required to normalize data. The reference genes reported in this study appear to have a promise for examining gene expression in lentil foliar and root tissues in response to diverse abiotic and biotic factors.
Immunologic reconstitution in 22q deletion (DiGeorge) syndrome

Adoptive transfer of mature T cells (ATMTC) through bone marrow (BM) transplantation, first attempted over 20 years ago, has recently emerged as a successful therapy for complete 22q deletion syndrome (22qDS). This provides a potential option to thymic transplantation (TT) for immune reconstitution in 22qDS. Compared to thymic transplant, ATMTC is an easier procedure to accomplish and is available at more centers. However, there are differences in the nature of the T-cell reconstitution that results. Predictably, more naive T cells and recent thymic emigrants are present in patients treated with thymus transplant. There are no significant differences in mortality between the two procedures, but the number of patients is too limited to conclude that the procedures are equally effective. Adoptive transfer should be pursued as a reasonable treatment for 22qDS patients requiring immune reconstitution when thymus transplant is not available.
Homotopy-continuation method for stability analysis in the global minimization of the Gibbs free energy

Abstract A new algorithm to determine phase equilibria at the global minimum of the Gibbs free energy is presented. Using the Newton homotopy-continuation method, when checking for phase stability, multiple stationary points of the tangent-plane-distance function (TPDF) are determined. Subsets of these are selected as estimates for the minimization of the Gibbs free energy. The algorithm, implemented in the HOMPEQ computer program, was tested for nine non-ideal mixtures. The homotopy paths, when initialized with nearly pure species, reliably located all of the stationary points of the TPDF. This was accomplished for mixtures that exhibit multiple immiscibility gaps. The combined algorithm located the global minimum for all of the systems involving symmetric and asymmetric models, with a final stability analysis implemented to ensure global minimization. In comparison with Michelsen's programs, HOMPEQ is slower and provides comparable reliability, but is initialized with nearly pure phases, a much less elaborate initialization strategy.
Modeling Cover-Cracking due to Reinforcement Corrosion in RC Structures

Service life of concrete structures is limited by the susceptibility of the reinforcement to corrosion. Oxidation of iron leads to the formulation of various products (such as ferrous and ferric oxides), some of which occupy much greater volume than the original iron that gets consumed by the corrosion process. As corrosion progresses, these products accumulate, thereby generating expansive pressures on the surrounding concrete. The pressure builds up to levels that cause internal cracking around the bar and eventually leads to through cracking of the cover and spalling. Loss of cover marks the end of service life for corrosion-affected concrete structures, because at that stage the reinforcement loses its ability to develop its forces through bond and is no longer protected against further degradation from corrosion. In this paper, a simple analytical model is formulated to demonstrate the mechanical consequences of corrosion-product buildup around the bar. Service life is estimated as the time required ...
Compassionate Use of Omegaven in Preterm Neonates with Parenteral Nutrition Associated Direct Hyperbilirubinemia

Background nbsp Intravenous fish oil based fat emulsions enriched with omega fatty acids such as Omegaven are available through investigational new drug IND and emergency IND eIND applications to ameliorate parenteral nutrition associated liver disease PNALD Objective nbsp To describe changes in conjugated direct bilirubin in the cohort of preterm neonates before and after continuous Omegaven administration Design Methods nbsp Between April and July under compassionate use protocols at St Louis University Cardinal Glennon Children rsquo s Medical Center and George Washington University Children rsquo s National Medical Center preterm neonates receiving parenteral nutrition PN with soybean emulsions were treated with Omegaven and prospectively followed Eligibility requirements included serum direct bilirubin levels mg dL and predicted PN duration of gt days Omegaven stopping criteria were either the serum direct bilirubin level lt mg dL or sufficient tolerance of enteral nutrition prompting PN discontinuation To assure sufficient Omegaven therapeutic exposure only neonates receiving Omegaven for days were included in the data analysis Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess serum direct bilirubin change Results nbsp Data of very low birth weight preterm neonates were analysed over a median of days of Omegaven therapy serum direct bilirubin level decreased significantly mg dl vs mg dl p Importantly followed safety markers were unchanged during therapy Conclusions nbsp Modest yet statistically significant decrease in serum direct bilirubin levels was associated with fish oil based lipid emulsions use in our cohort of cholestatic preterm neonates
The synthesis and transport of SV40 structural proteins.

Abstract The kinetics of the synthesis and transport of viral structural proteins, Vp1 and Vp3, and of actin in SV40 infected TC7 cells were studied. The newly synthesized proteins were found in the NP-40-soluble (Sol) fraction of the cell cytoplasm. The majority of newly synthesized viral structural proteins, destined for the cell nucleus for virion assembly, were transported to the cell nucleus (Nuc) between 10 and 30 min after synthesis, whereas the majority of newly synthesized actin remained in the Sol fraction of the cytoplasm, suggesting that some specific mechanism exists for selecting the proper sites for transport. The synthesis and transport of both Vp1 and Vp3 throughout infected cells were similar. However, there is a difference in the transport properties of these two proteins. Once Vp1 was synthesized, the mature Vp1 was transported to both the cytoskeletal (Csk) and the Nuc fractions in the absence of further protein synthesis, whereas the movement of Vp3 from the Sol to the Csk, but not the Nuc fraction, was partially inhibited in the absence of protein synthesis. Modification of Vp1 occurred in the cell cytoplasm before transport to the cell nucleus. Its modification pattern suggests that the Csk is the site for the modification of Vp1. The efficiency of viral protein transport to the cell nucleus was diminished after 47 hr of infection. This trend was preceded by a decrease in the ability to incorporate label into actin 12 hr earlier in infection. Thus, some marking event appears to have occurred prior to the actual decrease in transport efficiency and the integrity of the cytoarchitecture appears to be important for viral protein transport.
Further studies on mitogenic components of Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin: Subunit structure

Abstract The mitogens of a phytohemagglutinin from red kidney beans contain two types of subunits. These subunits were isolated in fairly large scale using a preparative gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea. One type (α) was made up of a single subunit species of MW 35,000 (a dimer at pH 7), and this molecule kept its mitogenic activity after sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment. The other type (β) which was mitogenically inactive after sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment, appeared to consist of two kinds of subunits with molecular weights of 35,500 and 36,500. Analysis for amino acids and carbohydrates, mapping techniques for tryptic and chymotryptic peptides and molecular weight determination have established structural differences between the two subunits. However, terminal amino acids (NH 2 - and COOH-) of both subunits were identical, suggesting that they had closely related primary structures.
An optimal probabilistic forwarding protocolin delay tolerant networks

Due to uncertainty in nodal mobility, DTN routing usually employs multi-copy forwarding schemes. To avoid the cost associated with flooding, much effort has been focused on probabilistic forwarding, which aims to reduce the cost of forwarding while retaining a high performance rate by forwarding messages only to nodes that have high delivery probabilities. This paper aims to provide an optimal forwarding protocol which maximizes the expected delivery rate while satisfying a certain constant on the number of forwardings per message. In our proposed optimal probabilistic forwarding (OPF) protocol, we use an optimal probabilistic forwarding metric derived by modeling each forwarding as an optimal stopping rule problem. We also present several extensions to allow OPF to use only partial routing information and work with other probabilistic forwarding schemes such as ticket-based forwarding. We implement OPF and several other protocols and perform trace-driven simulations. Simulation results show that the delivery rate of OPF is only 5% lower than epidemic, and 20% greater than the state-of-the-art delegation forwarding while generating 5% more copies and 5% longer delay.
The Paschen-Back Effect. III. S 2 2 P Multiplets in Strong Fields

The Paschen-Back effect of $^{2}S^{2}P$ multiplets has been discussed and the theory verified in detail. In particular, the $^{2}S^{2}P$ multiplet of Li, $\ensuremath{\lambda}6708$, has been resolved in reversal and shows the fine structure predicted but not heretofore observed.
Early cannabinoid exposure influences neuroendocrine and reproductive functions in male mice: I. Prenatal exposure

Maternal exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive constituent in marihuana, or to the non-psychoactive cannabinol (CBN) or cannabidiol (CBD) alters endocrine functions and concentrations of brain biogenic amines in their male offspring. Prenatal CBN exposure on day 18 of gestation resulted in decreased plasma FSH levels, testicular testosterone (T) concentrations, and seminal vesicles weights, but increased plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) post-castration in adulthood. Prenatal exposure to THC significantly enhanced the responsiveness of the testes to intratesticular LH injection in vivo and tended to increase human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated T production by decapsulated testes in vitro. In the CBN-exposed mice, hCG-stimulated T production was enhanced, while CBD exposure had no effect. Prenatal THC exposure altered the negative feedback effects of exogenous gonadal steroids in castrated adults, with lower plasma T and FSH levels after 20 micrograms T than in castrated controls. In contrast, CBD-exposed mice had higher levels of LH in plasma post-castration. In CBN-exposed adults, two weeks post-castration the concentration of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in hypothalamus and remaining brain were reduced, while levels of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite, 5-HIAA, were elevated compared to that in castrated OIL-controls. Prenatal CBD-exposure also reduced NE and elevated 5-HT and 5-HIAA, but did not affect DA levels post-castration. Concentrations of brain biogenic amines were not influenced by prenatal THC exposure in the present study. A single prenatal exposure to psychoactive or non-psychoactive components of marihuana results in long term alterations in the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Changes in the concentrations of brain biogenic amines may be related to these effects of prenatal cannabinoids on endocrine function in adult male mice.
Removal of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone From Contaminated Air by Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter

A laboratory-scale trickle-bed air biofilter was evaluated for the removal of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from a waste gas stream. Six-millimeter (6 mm) Celite pellets (R-635) were used as the biological attachment medium. Effects of MIBK volumetric loading rates on removal efficiency, biofilter reacclimation, biomass growth, and removal kinetics were studied under three different operating conditions, namely, backwashing and two intermittent periods (off chemical—no MIBK input; and off flow-no flow input). Backwashing of the biofilter once a week with full-medium fluidization removed the excess biomass and attained stable long-term performance with over 99% removal efficiency for loading rates less than 3.26 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) ∕ m3 day . The two intermittent periods could also sustain high removal efficiency for loading rates up to 1.09 kg COD∕ m3 day without any backwashing. The recovery time increased with an increase in loading rates. Furthermore, the intermittent operations required a ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Its Association With Multiple Domains of Upper-Extremity Function in Chronic Stroke

Background. Recent work has shown that resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between homotopic, motor-related brain regions is associated with upper-extremity control early after stroke. Objectives. This study examined various patterns of rsFC in chronic stroke, a time at which extensive neural reorganization has occurred. Associations between homotopic somatomotor connectivity and clinical measures, representing separate domains of upper-extremity function, were determined. Methods. A total of 19 persons ≥6 months poststroke participated. Four connectivity patterns within a somatomotor network were quantified using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Upper-extremity gross muscle activation, control, and real-world use were evaluated with the Motricity Index, Action Research Arm Test, and accelerometry, respectively. Results. Connectivity between homotopic regions was stronger than that in the contralesional and ipsilesional hemispheres. No differences in connectivity strength were noted between...
Minicomputer hardware architecture

After a general description of the major hardware elements of a minicomputer, the system is discussed from the viewpoint of a machine-language programmer. It is shown that the machine imposes certain constraints upon the programmer. These constraints are necessary in order to provide computation capability at a reasonable cost. In order to increase the power of the minicomputer without letting the cost become excessive, techniques have evolved whereby an instruction entering the processor for execution need carry only a portion of the total information required. Through previous instructions the processor has been set up for the current instructions. Microprogramming is viewed as a mechanism for increasing the possible power of a given machine instruction. A natural outgrowth of a setup processor and microprogramming is alterable control store.
Epigenetic trigger for tomato ripening.

The maturation of tomato fruits is accompanied by widespread reprogramming of the epigenome.
The resemblance coefficients in group technology: a survey and comparative study of relational metrics

Group formation of machines and parts in cellular manufacturing systems are, in most cases, achieved by using the information on the similarity of operational requirements of parts. To assess the quality of solutions to the cell formation problems, a comprehensive overview of several similarity and dissimilarity coefficients based on different performance measures are covered in this paper. Analysis of the experimental data available shows that there is no similarity coefficient that performs well on all performance measures for problems from either the literature or randomly generated sets. There are very few studies reported in the literature which compare and evaluate different similarity coefficients. In this paper, a number of commonly used similarity and dissimilarity coefficients are reviewed and compared characteristically among themselves to assess their compatibility in different problems. Similarity coefficients other than those mentioned herein could not be analyzed due to the lack of theoretical and experimental results.
Nonpathogenic nematodes in gastrointestinal aspirates obtained during endoscopy

The gastroenterologist must be alert to diagnosing parasitic diseases when collecting intestinal fluid samples or cytologies during endoscopy. Between 1979 and 1982, we identified nematodes in 10 endoscopic specimens. None were Strongyloides stercoralis. We emphasize the importance and technical aspects of distinguishing nonpathogenic nematodes from Strongyloides.
Radiation Dose from Computed Tomography in Patients with Necrotizing Pancreatitis: How Much Is Too Much?

Low-dose ionizing radiation from medical imaging has been indirectly linked with subsequent cancer. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for defining pancreatic necrosis. The primary goal was to identify the frequency and effective radiation dose of CT imaging for patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. All patients with necrotizing pancreatitis (2003–2007) were retrospectively analyzed for CT-related radiation exposure. Necrosis was identified in 18% (238/1290) of patients with acute pancreatitis (mean age = 53 years; hospital/ICU length of stay = 23/7 days; mortality = 9%). A median of five CTs/patient [interquartile range (IQR) = 4] were performed during a median 2.6-month interval. The average effective dose was 40 mSv per patient (equivalent to 2,000 chest X-rays; 13.2 years of background radiation; one out of 250 increased risk of fatal cancer). The actual effective dose was 63 mSv considering various scanner technologies. CTs were infrequently (20%) followed by direct intervention (199 interventional radiology, 118 operative, 12 endoscopic) (median = 1; IQR = 2). Magnetic resonance imaging did not have a CT-sparing effect. Mean direct hospital costs increased linearly with CT number (R = 0.7). The effective radiation dose received by patients with necrotizing pancreatitis is significant. Management changes infrequently follow CT imaging. The ubiquitous use of CT in necrotizing pancreatitis raises substantial public health concerns and mandates a careful reassessment of its utility.
Strong Approximation of the Quantile Processes and Its Applications under Strong Mixing Properties

Given some regularity conditions on the distribution F(·) of a random X1, ..., Xn emanating from a strictly stationary sequence of random variables satisfying a strong mixing condition, it is shown that the sequence of quantile processes {n12f(F?1(s))(F?1n(s) ? F?1(s)); 0 < s < 1} behaves like a sequence of Brownian bridges {Bn(s); 0
Distinct sites on G protein βγ subunits regulate different effector functions

G proteins interact with effectors at multiple sites and regulate their activity. The functional significance of multiple contact points is not well understood. We previously identified three residues on distinct surfaces of Gβγ that are crucial for G protein-coupled inward rectifier K+(GIRK) channel activation. Here we show that mutations at these sites, S67K, S98T, and T128F, abolished or reduced direct GIRK current activation in inside-out patches, but, surprisingly, all mutants synergized with sodium in activating K+ currents. Each of the three Gβ1 mutants bound the channel indicating that the defects reflected mainly functional impairments. We tested these mutants for functional interactions with effectors other than K+ channels. With N-type calcium channels, Gβγ wild type and mutants all inhibited basal currents. A depolarizing pre-pulse relieved Gβγ inhibition of Ca2+ currents by the wild type and the S98T and T128F mutants but not the S67K mutant. Both wild type and mutant Gβγ subunits activated phospholipase C β2 with similar potencies; however, the S67K mutant showed reduced maximal activity. These data establish a pattern where mutations can alter the Gβγ regulation of a specific effector function without affecting other Gβγ-mediated functions. Moreover, Ser-67 showed this pattern in all three effectors tested, suggesting that this residue participates in a common functional domain on Gβ1 that regulates several effectors. These data show that distinct domains within Gβγ subserve specific functional roles.
Change in Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Patterns in Patients with Supraventricular Tachycardia Treated by Radiofrequency Ablation: A Doppler Echocardiographic Study

To evaluate changes in left ventricular diastolic filling patterns resulting from radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), 44 patients with SVT undergoing radiofrequency ablatio
Slater-Koster interpolation of energy bands of complex crystal structures: Tetragonal zirconia.

In this paper we present the results of our Slater-Koster or tight-binding interpolation of the single-particle energy eigenvalues of a complex crystal. The parameters occurring in the model Hamiltonian are determined by fitting the eigenvalues to [ital ab] [ital initio] values. The error in these fits can be reduced to the same value (less than 1 mRy per point), as is usual for simple materials with a highly symmetric structure. We also studied the variation of the parameters in the model Hamiltonian as a function of lattice geometry. Although one expects that these parameters are simple functions of the bond length, our results did not reveal such a simple behavior. Hence, we conclude that Slater-Koster interpolation schemes are very useful tools for calculating electronic properties for a given geometry, but that their use in calculating forces on atoms is suspect.
Children's Perceived Benefits and Barriers in Relation to Eating Breakfast in Schools With or Without Universal School Breakfast

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to identify and compare perceived benefits and barriers related to breakfast consumption and concerns about weight among children in schools with or without a Universal School Breakfast Program (USBP). Design Teacher-administered survey at the end of a 3-year pilot program. Subjects/Settings Fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students in six USBP pilot schools (n = 827) and four control schools (n = 615). Control and pilot sites were matched by geographic location and socioeconomic status of students. Response rates were > 70%. Variables Measured Perceptions of benefits and barriers related to breakfast consumption and weight-related concerns. Statistical Analyses Performed Chi-square tests were used to assess statistical differences in categorical responses to survey items. Results The majority of students perceived that eating breakfast provides benefits of increased energy and ability to pay attention in school. Commonly held perceptions of barriers to eating breakfast were lack of time and not being hungry in the morning. Compared with children in non-USBP schools, those in the USBP schools were less likely to wish they were thinner, to go on a diet, or skip breakfast because it might make them fat and more likely to believe that eating breakfast will give them energy and help them pay attention. Implications Based on the results of this study, nutrition educators may find it helpful to develop educational materials and programs based on the reciprocal determinism construct of Social Learning Theory to promote breakfast consumption. The focus should be on practical strategies to address barriers and encourage behavioral changes for both children and their parents.
Regularization and Renormalization of Semiclassical {QCD}

We continue our discussion of how to consistently approximate QCD by expanding around the multi-instanton set of classical field configurations. Noting the divergences of the diagrammatic expansions in g and in the instanton density, we introduce Pauli-Villars regulators to render the theory finite. This is not manifestly gauge invariant and we discuss how to remedy this problem. Finally, two sample calculations are performed to illustrate the method being proposed.
Production of a reference transcriptome and transcriptomic database (EdwardsiellaBase) for the lined sea anemone, Edwardsiella lineata, a parasitic cnidarian.

The lined sea anemone Edwardsiella lineata is an informative model system for evolutionary-developmental studies of parasitism. In this species, it is possible to compare alternate developmental pathways leading from a larva to either a free-living polyp or a vermiform parasite that inhabits the mesoglea of a ctenophore host. Additionally, E. lineata is confamilial with the model cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, providing an opportunity for comparative genomic, molecular and organismal studies. We generated a reference transcriptome for E. lineata via high-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated from five developmental stages (parasite; parasite-to-larva transition; larva; larva-to-adult transition; adult). The transcriptome comprises 90,440 contigs assembled from >15 billion nucleotides of DNA sequence. Using a molecular clock approach, we estimated the divergence between E. lineata and N. vectensis at 215–364 million years ago. Based on gene ontology and metabolic pathway analyses and gene family surveys (bHLH-PAS, deiodinases, Fox genes, LIM homeodomains, minicollagens, nuclear receptors, Sox genes, and Wnts), the transcriptome of E. lineata is comparable in depth and completeness to N. vectensis. Analyses of protein motifs and revealed extensive conservation between the proteins of these two edwardsiid anemones, although we show the NF-κB protein of E. lineata reflects the ancestral structure, while the NF-κB protein of N. vectensis has undergone a split that separates the DNA-binding domain from the inhibitory domain. All contigs have been deposited in a public database (EdwardsiellaBase), where they may be searched according to contig ID, gene ontology, protein family motif (Pfam), enzyme commission number, and BLAST. The alignment of the raw reads to the contigs can also be visualized via JBrowse. The transcriptomic data and database described here provide a platform for studying the evolutionary developmental genomics of a derived parasitic life cycle. In addition, these data from E. lineata will aid in the interpretation of evolutionary novelties in gene sequence or structure that have been reported for the model cnidarian N. vectensis (e.g., the split NF-κB locus). Finally, we include custom computational tools to facilitate the annotation of a transcriptome based on high-throughput sequencing data obtained from a “non-model system.”
Laminar‐turbulent transitional flow phenomena in isosceles triangular cross‐section ducts

A theoretical analysis of the laminar-turbulent transition phenomenon is presented for the case of steady, isothermal, fully developed flow of Newtonian fluids in straight ducts of constant isosceles triangular cross section. As a result of this analysis, the simultaneous existence of macroscopically large stable regions of laminar and turbulent flow are predicted to occur during the transition phenomenon. The existence of this special type of flow field, which has not been previously predicted theoretically, is shown to be a consequence of the presence of an asymmetric shear stress distribution. The results of an experimental study are also presented. These data verify the predictions made by the theoretical analysis.
Buffered or unbuffered: a case study based on log/sub d/(N,e,p) networks

Two implementation styles (buffered and unbuffered) have been used for constructing multistage interconnection networks for ATM switching. Conventional studies have shown that an unbuffered network, while having a simpler design, produces a lower throughput than a buffered network. But most of these studies, based on the assumption that each cell is routed independently (i.e. per-cell routing), ignored the out-of-sequence transmission problem of a buffered network in a virtual-channel environment. One way to keep the packet sequence for a buffered network without adding additional hardware is to fix the path for each virtual channel. We compute the throughput of this approach in designing nonblocking networks and compare it with that of the unbuffered approach. The base of our comparison is log/sub d/(N,e,p) networks. The results show that a fixed-path-routing buffered network will have a throughput even lower than that of an unbuffered network.
Correction: Transformations of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes exposed to UVC (254 nm) irradiation

Correction for ‘Transformations of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes exposed to UVC (254 nm) irradiation’ by Julie L. Bitter et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2014, 1, 324–337.
Relative effectiveness of galvanic skin response latency, amplitude and duration scores as measures of arousal and habituation in normal and retarded adults.

The comparability of latency, duration and amplitude scores of the first derivative of the galvanic skin response (GSR) in normal and retarded young adults was studied under various conditions of stimulus intensity, duration, and repetition. Duration scores were a measure of the onset-to-peak time of the primary wave and were found to be most sensitive to changes in stimulus conditions, least subject to measurement errors, and least cumbersome to handle statistically. Latency scores were found to be least sensitive, with amplitude scores occupying an intermediate position. The correlations between the three types of responses were low and showed no substantial or meaningful differences between stimulus conditions and subject groups. The authors concluded that for some types of GSR measurement, duration scores can replace the more commonly used amplitude scores.
Ein einfacher lithographischer Ansatz zur Herstellung regelmäßig angeordneter Mulden im Mikrometermaßstab zur Kontrolle des Zellwachstums

Hydrophoben-Alkanthiolat-Boden und Wande aus hydrophilen Dreischicht-Poly(acrylsaure)/Poly(ethylenglycol)-Nanocomposit-Polymeren wurden zur Konstruktion von gitterformig angeordneten Mulden mit Innenabmessungen von 63 μm verwendet. Makrophagenzellen innerhalb dieser Mulden sind nicht in der Lage, uber die Muldenwande hinweg zu wachsen (siehe Bild).
Maternal effects in the soft scale insect Saissetia coffeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

Effects of maternal environment on offspring performance have been documented frequently in herbivorous insects. Despite this, very few cases exist in which exposure of parent insects to a resource causes the phenotype of their offspring to be adjusted in a manner that is adaptive for that resource, a phenomenon called adaptive transgenerational phenotypic plasticity. I performed a two-generation reciprocal cross-transplant experiment in the field with the soft scale insect Saissetia coffeae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on two disparate host plant species in order to separate genetic effects from possible transgenerational plasticity. Despite striking differences in quality between host species, maternal host had no effect on overall offspring performance, and I detected no "acclimatization" to the maternal host species. However, there was a significant negative association between maternal and offspring development times, with potentially adaptive implications. Furthermore, offspring of mothers reared in an environment where scale densities were higher and scales were more frequently killed by fungi were significantly less likely to suffer from fungal attack than were offspring of mothers reared in an environment where densities were low and fungal attack was rare. Although S. coffeae does not appear to alter offspring phenotype to increase offspring fitness on these two distinct plant species, it does appear that offspring phenotype may be responding to some subtler aspects of maternal environment. In particular, the possibility of induced transgenerational prophylaxis in S. coffeae deserves further investigation.
COEXISTING PRIMARY EMPTY SELLA SYNDROME AND ACROMEGALY

SUMMARY The‘empty’sella syndrome is now a more frequent diagnosis due to the increased use of pneumoencephalography in the evaluation of the enlarged pituitary fossa. This syndrome has also been classified into a‘primary’form in which there has been no prior pituitary irradiation or surgery, and a ‘secondary’ form in which the empty sella is found after such procedures. Most patients with the primary empty sella syndrome are found to have normal pituitary function while about 30% have varying degrees of hypopituitarism (Neelon et al., 1973). It is not widely appreciated, however, that the primary empty sella may harbour a pituitary tumour with resultant acromegaly. In this report we describe two such patients who presented with active acromegaly. This entity of pituitary tumour in a primary empty sella merits careful consideration since the coexistence of these two findings may influence the therapeutic approach that might otherwise be appropriate for the pituitary tumour.
A living, breathing revolution: How libraries can use 'living archives' to support, engage, and document social movements

Extracted text; IFLA World Library and Information Congress paper in Singapore. Published in IFLA Sage Journal; Where does and should the future of libraries lie? What were once concrete, brick, and glass structures have since become a third place where community, art, and culture reside. What is next? The #searchunderoccupy exhibit in the Sheila C. Johnson Design Center in New York City is a “living archive” that visually displays the creative and critical responses of the New School’s student community to the Occupy Wall Street movement. It is composed not only of elements such as video, photographs, audio and performance projects, but also text-based works such as live feed tag clouds, posters, and blogs. By their very nature, libraries are poised to become forces for social change and using this exhibit as an example, libraries themselves can show the life of their communities by putting their responses on display to support their involvement in social movements, engage others, and document for the future. There are many iterations of the living archive in libraries such as the digitization of audio-visual materials or allowing people to share their memories, knowledge, photos and opinions through a virtual space. The closest to the #searchunderoccupy exhibit example is capturing the activities and conversations of designer William McDonough for the Stanford University libraries. Unlike these projects, the New School’s method allows for a greater range of self-expression through visual mediums and accounts for the technology of today. Social media is what has helped spread the social movements of the current generation and with its ever changing nature, this version of a living archive presents a future library full of infinite possibilities.
Lamotrigine for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

OBJECTIVE:To describe the available data regarding the clinical efficacy of lamotrigine for the treatment of bipolar disorder.SUMMARY:Anticonvulsants have emerged as alternative mood-stabilizing agents for patients with bipolar disorder who do not respond to lithium. Data regarding the efficacy of lamotrigine have been generated primarily from case reports, small open trials, and one large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. These reports suggest that lamotrigine may be effective for the management of bipolar disorder.CONCLUSIONS:Although current data are limited, treatment-refractory patients with bipolar disorder may benefit from lamotrigine therapy. Several studies are currently underway to determine the appropriate role of lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Rationale and design of a Phase II clinical trial of aspirin and simvastatin for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ASA-STAT

Background—Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease which causes exercise limitation, heart failure, and death. Aspirin and simvastatin are highly effective and safe therapies for other cardiovascular diseases characterized by platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction, but have not been formally studied in PAH. Methods—ASA-STAT is a Phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial of aspirin and simvastatin in patients with PAH. A total of 92 subjects were to be randomized to aspirin or aspirin placebo and simvastatin or simvastatin placebo. The primary outcome is the distance walked in six minutes at six months after randomization. Secondary measures include brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, circulating biomarkers of platelet and
Structural Information from CW-EPR Spectra of Dipolar Coupled Nitroxide Spin Labels

Site directed spin labeling has emerged as a powerful technique for determining structural features of proteins. By incorporating two spin labeled side chains, distances between elements of secondary structure can be determined by quantitation of spin-spin interactions between the probes. Recent advances in methods for extracting both the distance between spin labeled probes and their relative orientations are providing the capability for testing and refining accurate structural models for a wide variety of proteins. These methods take advantage of multifrequency EPR and global non-linear data analysis tools. The capabilities of current analytical methods are described for three relevant models of spin-spin interactions and directions for further refinement of these methods for future applications are described. Reliable structural information can be obtained for interelectron distances ranging from 5 to 20 A and up to 25 A using perdeuterated probes.
Pigmented papillary epithelial neoplasm of the pituitary fossa: a distinct lesion of uncertain histogenesis.

Abstract Primary pigmented intracranial neoplasms are strikingly uncommon. The differential diagnosis is limited and includes both epithelial and nonepithelial tumors, most of which arise within or near the ventricular system. The authors describe a 42-year-old man who presented with a pigmented papillary epithelial lesion that arose within the sella and exhibited suprasellar extension and bony erosion. Following external beam radiotherapy and multiple surgical resections, tumor growth became rapid, necessitating additional debulking procedures. Pathologic evaluation of subsequent lesional tissue samples revealed an anaplastic lesion with malignant epithelial and spindle cell components. Occasional epithelial cells showed features reminiscent of the original papillary lesion, whereas others exhibited oncocytic morphologic features. This case represents the only report, to our knowledge, of a pigmented papillary epithelial neoplasm arising within the pituitary fossa. Although the histogenesis of this tumor...
Observations of Cyclone-Induced Storm Surge in Coastal Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Chiu, S., and Small, C., 2016. Observations of cyclone-induced storm surge in coastal Bangladesh. Water-level measurements from 15 tide gauges in the coastal zone of Bangladesh are analyzed in conjunction with cyclone tracks and wind speed data for 54 cyclones between 1977 and 2010. Storm-surge magnitude is inferred from residual water levels computed by subtracting modeled astronomical tides from observed water levels at each station. Observed residual water levels are generally smaller than reported storm-surge levels for cyclones where both are available, and many cyclones produce no obvious residual at all. Both maximum and minimum residual water levels are higher for west-landing cyclones producing onshore winds and generally diminish for cyclones making landfall on the Bangladesh coast or eastward producing offshore winds. Water levels observed during cyclones are generally more strongly influenced by tidal phase and amplitude than by storm surge alone. In only 7 of the 15 stations does the...
Energy efficiency of ethanol production from cellulosic feedstock

Abstract Biofuel can be a potential supplement to fossil fuel and help in meeting increasing energy demand of the USA as well as rest of the world. However, it is important for the biofuel to be economically competitive and energy efficient to be established as a promising energy source. There has always been an argument about energy efficiency of biofuel production. Some studies have claimed that it requires more energy to produce ethanol then it actually produces as an output. The objective of the study is to determine energy efficiency of growing two potential cellulosic feedstock; switchgrass and Miscanthus and conversion them in to cellulosic ethanol. Energy efficiency was determined by calculating Net Energy Value (NEV), the difference between output energy obtained by ethanol and input energy used in producing ethanol. Input energy consisted of energy required to produce the cellulosic biomass, transporting it to the ethanol processing facility and processing cellulosic biomass in to ethanol. The analysis showed positive The NEV for both switchgrass and Miscanthus. NEV for Miscanthus (12.41 MJ/l of ethanol) was higher in compared to the switchgrass (7.90 MJ/l of ethanol). Monitory benefits of energy savings were also estimated to determine the impact of energy saving to the society. Results from this research showed both switchgrass and Miscanthus as potential biomass feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production.
High‐Throughput Measurement of Binding Kinetics by mRNA Display and Next‐Generation Sequencing

There is great demand for high-throughput methods to characterize ligand affinity. By combining mRNA display with next-generation sequencing, we determined the kinetic on- and off-rates for over twenty thousand ligands without the need for synthesis or purification of individual members. Our results are reproducible and as accurate as those obtained with other methods of affinity measurement.
International English

Technical communicators are learning to use techniques that make documents in English easy to read and understand, even for readers using a phrase book. Some of the techniques, which have evolved in several organizations that operate worldwide, include controlled English, simplified English, and international English. Other techniques have been compared. Applications of international English in operations at Los Alamos National Laboratory are demonstrated. These operations involve international technology transfer and thus demand clarity and technical accuracy. It is emphasized that international English does not replace translation but makes it faster and more accurate. The major advantages of international English are that nonnative speakers of English can read it easily and it makes translation cost effective by reducing the length and complexity of a document. >
Suicide rates in 2009. Do the economy and wars have an effect

Suicide is a public health problem that claims the lives of approximately 1 million people around the world each year. This article describes suicide rates in the United States and Minnesota and discusses potential effects of the economy on the rate, concerns regarding suicides in the Army, and what clinicians can do to make a difference in the lives of patients who may be at risk. Language: en
Nephronophthisis and Renal–Hepatic–Pancreatic Dysplasia of Ivemark

Nephronophthisis is a disease of renal tubular dysfunction that progresses to end-stage renal disease; it can occur in combination with abnormalities of other organs including the liver. Growing knowledge of the genes associated with nephronophthisis indicates that the disease is associated with dysfunction of primary cilia and related structures.
A hospital integrated framework for multimodality image base management

The trend in healthcare information technology is increasingly digital and multimedia oriented. The next generation of health care information systems will consist of a vast network of heterogeneous, autonomous, and distributed imaging scanners, databases, information systems, knowledge intensive applications, and large quantities of multimedia medical data. A key challenge facing system researchers and builders is to provide a new organizational framework that can integrate this varied collection of resources into what appears to be a uniform and logical conglomeration of data and knowledge store in order to increase the availability of global or previously nonaccessible information and to address demanding new information processing requirements for diverse image-assisted medical applications. The purpose of this paper is to present the authors' research toward the development of a hospital integrated framework of multimodality image base management (MIBM) for digital radiology of the future. This evolutionary framework consists of three hierarchical components: a hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication system (HI-PACS), a medical image database system (MIDS), and a set of image-based medical applications that relies on the support of MIDS and PACS. In this paper, the authors describe the system architecture, guiding principles, and design specifications of HI-PACS and MIDS and illustrate their functions and capabilities with three implemented applications, namely, patient folder workflow, distributed object management, and multimodality imaging studies. In addition, the authors conclude their findings with a summary of challenges and research directions.
Numerical Experiments on Finned Bodies

A numerical effort was undertaken in an attempt to better understand experimental anomalies experienced during flight tests of the 155-mm VAPP projectile. The initial efforts presented herein validate the numerical methodology for low angles of attack across the Mach regimes (subsonic, transonic and supersonic) as well as provide a framework through which a greater understanding of the phenomena associated with the experimental anomalies can be pursued. The results showed that a wall function mesh and solution methodology accurately predicted most of the static coefficients and dynamic derivatives. Only the roll induced side moment required use of the solve-to-the-wall mesh and solution methodology for reasonable agreement with experimental results. Agreement between numerical and experimental results is mostly reasonable. The exception is the induced static side moment, which the static simulations predict to be negligible, whereas non-negligible values were included in the experimental data reduction included in order to reproduce the trajectory. As such, the simulations also do not predict the coning reversal observed in the experimental flight tests.