cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Romanticism, rhetoric, and the search for the sublime by Craig R. Smith. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2018, 335 pp., $119.95 (Hardcover), ISBN-10: 1527515958 (English) ISBN-13: 978-1527515956

Dr. Craig R. Smith’s Romanticism, Rhetoric, and the Search for the Sublime sets out to develop a Neo-Romantic theory of rhetoric for modern times. Smith’s primary argument throughout this book is t...
The Role of Glycosaminoglycans in Protection from Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review

Necrotizing enterocolitis, a potentially fatal intestinal inflammatory disorder affecting primarily premature infants, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. While the etiology of the disease is, as yet, unknown, a number of risk factors for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis have been identified. One such risk factor, formula feeding, has been shown to contribute to both increased incidence and severity of the disease. The protective influences afforded by breastfeeding are likely attributable to the unique composition of human milk, an extremely potent, biologically active fluid. This review brings together knowledge on the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and current thinking on the instrumental role of one of the more prominent classes of bioactive components in human breast milk, glycosaminoglycans.
Low-order estimation of the velocity, hydrodynamic pressure, and acoustic radiation for a three-dimensional turbulent wall jet

Abstract A method for the experimental characterization of the velocity, hydrodynamic pressure, and acoustic generation in a subsonic ( Re H = 25 , 500 ), three-dimensional, turbulent wall jet is presented. An acoustic analogy formulated for the turbulent wall jet shows that the far-field acoustics relate to the Reynolds stress fluctuations of the velocity field or the product of the hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations and the rate-of-strain field. As these quantities cannot be measured directly with sufficient resolution, low-order reconstructions of the velocity field based on the use of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Stochastic Estimation are developed. Reconstruction of the three-dimensional field is accomplished using spanwise-aligned, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements, obtained at 16 streamwise locations synchronously with an array of 32 surface pressure transducers. The velocity field reconstruction is then used to calculate the fluctuating pressure field (via Poisson’s equation) allowing for the evaluation of coupled pressure-velocity terms in addition to an acoustic analogy for the acoustic far-field. Application of these methods show that the large-scale motion throughout the shear layer is captured by the velocity and hydrodynamic pressure field estimates and features of the acoustic far-field are recovered.
Controlled epitaxial growth of hybrid halide perovskites for photovoltaics (Rising Researcher) (Conference Presentation)

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have demonstrated tremendous potential for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their remarkable carrier dynamics. Current studies are focusing on polycrystals since the controlled growth of high-quality single crystals is extremely challenging. Here I will discuss the first chemical epitaxial growth of single-crystal hybrid halide perovskites with controlled locations, morphologies, and orientations, using combined strategies of advanced microfabrication and low-temperature solution method. By controlling the lattice mismatch between the substrate and epilayer, strain magnitude and a wide range of functional properties can be readily tuned. This approach opens up broad opportunities for hybrid halide perovskite materials based high performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. A single crystalline hybrid halide perovskite-based solar cell with enhanced photoconversion efficiency is demonstrated.
Average symptom severity and related predictors of prolonged recovery in pediatric patients with concussion.

The purpose of this study is to compare the predictive utility of total number of individual symptoms endorsed, total symptom severity, and average symptom severity on prolonged recovery among chil...
Investigation of Empirical Deck Design in Bridge Widening

Abstract This paper presents the results from an investigation into the performance of concrete bridge decks designed with the empirical design method. Compressive membrane/arching action (CMAA) be...
A new, minimally invasive procedure for dogs with encapsulated Ahmed drainage implants and elevated intraocular pressures: A case series.

Objective To describe a novel, minimally invasive method for re-establishing aqueous humor outflow in dogs with refractory glaucoma after fibrous encapsulation of their Ahmed drainage implants. Procedure Three dogs (4 eyes) underwent trans-capsular implantation of an Alcon EX-PRESS® glaucoma filtration device under sedation (2 dogs) or general anesthesia (1 dog). After rotating the eye downwards, a 2 mm incision was made in the conjunctiva/Tenon's capsule overlying the encapsulated Ahmed plate, and later closed with absorbable suture. All eyes received subconjunctival mitomycin-C 0.02 mg. Results Mean post-operative follow-up was 341 days (range: 77-530). All eyes were hypertensive pre-operatively (mean IOP: 31.25 ± 7.14 mmHg) despite receiving topical latanoprost (4/4), timolol (4/4), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (4/4), and demecarium bromide (2/4). Two eyes (dogs 1 and 2) were visual pre-operatively, while 2 eyes (dog 3) displayed equivocal or no vision. Post-operatively, all eyes received timolol and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Other anti-hypertensive medications were discontinued. Immediately following surgery, all eyes were mildly hypotensive (mean IOP: 5.75 ± 1.71 mm Hg). Two of 4 eyes were normotensive and visual until days 90 (dog 2) and 530 (dog 1) (IOP range: 10-16 mm Hg). One eye (dog 3) was normotensive for approximately 150 days, and then hypertension returned. One eye (dog 3) from the start displayed severe uveitis, hypertensive episodes, and was phthisical by the end of follow-up. Conclusions Trans-capsular EX-PRESS® implantation is a minimally invasive procedure for treatment of refractory glaucoma in dogs with encapsulated Ahmed drainage implants, and further investigation is warranted.
Book Review: Philippe Sands, East West Street: On the Origins of ‘Genocide’ and ‘Crimes Against Humanity’ (Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 2016)

Philippe Sands's East West Street is a milestone among recent writings on international law, expanding the stylistic possibilities available to the discipline, even if its role in advancing substantive knowledge of legal topics is modest in comparison. It offers glimpses into intellectual history and legal history, and links these effectively to the immediate social and political stakes of the ideas and doctrines. What the book lacks has been covered elsewhere, both in scholarly texts and works intended for general audiences. What it adds, however, can be found nowhere else.
Moving everything out – a risk assessment: Off-site storage for the Frick Art Reference Library, analysed by an ARIAH-RIHA Professional Exchange Fellow

In the fall of 2019, I received the ARIAH-RIHA Professional Exchange Fellowship, which gave me the opportunity to spend time in New York City, working on a project that aligned with my research and practice interest in emergency preparedness. The Frick Art Reference Library hosted me for three weeks, during which I could apply some of my theoretical knowledge and gain practical experience, while contributing to their preparedness by assessing risks related to an impending move of the collection. Working on prevention and preparedness in my own institution at the time, I wanted to get a sense of the steps that another library, similar in size and scope, was taking to ensure the integrity of its holdings in preparation of such a complex activity as a relocation of the entire collection.
Epigenetic deregulation in myeloid malignancies

Epigenetic deregulation is now a well-recognized although not yet fully understood mechanism that contributes to the development and progression of myeloid malignancies. In the past 15 years, next-generation sequencing studies have revealed patterns of aberrant DNA methylation, altered chromatin states, and mutations in chromatin modifiers across the spectrum of myeloid malignancies. Studies into the mechanisms that drive these diseases through mouse modeling have helped identify new avenues for therapeutic interventions, from initial treatment to resistant or relapsed disease. This is particularly significant when chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents remains the general standard of care. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent findings of epigenetic mechanisms and how these are informing the development of more targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention in myeloid malignancies.
Cricopharyngeal Myotomy in National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP): Complications for Otolaryngologists Versus Non-otolaryngologists

OBJECTIVE Comparing outcomes after cricopharyngeal myotomy (CM) performed by otolaryngologists (OTO) and non-otolaryngologists (NO). METHODS A retrospective analysis of the 2014-19 ACS-NSQIP database (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) of patients who underwent open CM (CPT code 43030) as their primary procedure. Analyzed variables include medical comorbidities, operative time, the total length of stay, readmission, reoperation, concurrent procedures, postoperative complications, and postoperative diagnoses. 183 patients were included, 97 (53%) females and 86 (47%) males. 120 had surgery by OTO and 63 by NO. Results: There were no differences in preoperative morbidity. OTO had more outpatient surgeries compared to NO (p .05). NO had more postop diagnoses of acquired diverticula and achalasia of the stomach cardia, while OTO had more diagnoses of dysphagia and muscular dystrophy (p<.001). Conclusion: There were differences in the surgical setting, length of procedure, concurrent procedures, and postop diagnoses between NO and OTO surgeons but similar complication rates.
Abstract T MP81: Are 30-Day Stroke Readmissions Preventable?

Introduction: Stroke has a high risk of recurrence and known complications. The expected readmission rate and number of preventable readmissions are difficult to determine. We sought to identify preventable readmissions at an academic medical center in anticipation of CMS pay-for-performance inclusion of 30-day readmission rate as a quality measure. Methods: Fiscal year 2013 readmissions data were obtained from the Office of Clinical Practice Evaluation. Administrative readmissions were removed and individual chart reviews completed for NIHSS, clinical diagnosis at readmission, and potential contributing factors. Cases were evaluated by a Nurse Practitioner and Neurologist specializing in stroke to determine if the readmission was preventable. Consensus was reached on all cases. Results: The 30-day readmission rate was 7.47% with 48 readmissions in 46 patients. When compared to all ischemic stroke patients, the readmitted patients were younger (mean age 56 yrs vs 68 yrs) with higher LOS (median 8 days vs ...
Computational Modeling of Neoclassical and Resistive MHD Tearing Modes in Tokamaks

Numerical studies of the linear and nonlinear evolution of magnetic tearing type modes in three-dimensional toroidal geometry are presented. In addition to traditional resistive MHD effects, where the parameter {Delta}{prime} determines the stability properties, neoclassical effects have been included for the first time in such models. The inclusion of neoclassical physics introduces and additional free-energy source for the nonlinear formation of magnetic islands through the effects of a bootstrap current in Ohm`s law. The neoclassical tearing mode is demonstrated to be destabilized in plasmas which are otherwise {Delta}{prime} stable, albeit once an island width threshold is exceeded. The simulations are based on a set of neoclassical reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in three-dimensional toroidal geometry derived from the two-fluid equations in the limit of small inverse aspect ratio {epsilon} and low plasma pressure {beta} with neoclassical closures for the viscous force {del} {center_dot} {leftrightarrow}{pi}. The poloidal magnetic flux {psi}, the toroidal vorticity {omega}{sup {zeta}}, and the plasma pressure p are time advanced using the parallel projection of Ohm`s law, the toroidal projection of the curl of the momentum equation, and a pressure evolution equation with anisotropic pressure transport parallel to and across magnetic field lines. The equations are implemented in an initial value code which Fourier decomposes equilibrium and perturbation quantities in the poloidal and toroidal directions, and finite differences them radially based on a equilibrium straight magnetic field line representation. An implicit algorithm is used to advance the linear terms; the nonlinear terms are advanced explicitly. The simulations are benchmarked linearly and nonlinearly against single and multiple helicity {Delta}{prime} tearing modes in toroidal geometry in the absence of neo-classical effects.
δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase II. INDUCTION IN RAT LIVER

Abstract Administration of allylisopropylacetamide to rats causes a marked increase in the hepatic ribonucleic acid-dependent synthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase as evidenced by the fact that this increase is markedly inhibited by administration of actinomycin D or 5-fluorouracil. The half-life of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase following puromycin administration is 67 to 72 min and is independent of the level of the enzyme. The administration of actinomycin D or 5-fluorouracil to rats previously treated with allylisopropylacetamide results in a rapid decline of the hepatic levels of induced δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase. This suggests that the turnover of the messenger RNA for hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase is considerably more rapid than the bulk of rat liver messenger RNA. Glucose markedly inhibits induction of hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase and also the increase of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase produced by allylisopropylacetamide administration.
Effects of Idle Time Restrictions on Excess Pollution from Construction Equipment

AbstractConstruction vehicles and equipment contribute to air pollution. To reduce pollution, numerous state and local jurisdictions limit the amount of time diesel engine vehicles or equipment can run at idle without shutting down. These restrictions vary widely indicating a need for improved understanding of the relationships between pollutant emissions and regulations establishing a maximum idle time in a construction setting. Previous studies have found that a reduction in operational efficiency will increase the amount of excess pollution, that is, the amount of pollution created in excess of that emitted by a construction operation under ideal conditions. Shutting down an engine can create a delay in re-entering the work stream and, therefore, reduce operational efficiency. In another study, the authors found that excess pollution would be minimal with a reasonably well-balanced, minimum or near minimum cost, construction equipment fleet composed of a single wheel loader (WL) working with different ...
The Variation of Dielectric Constant with Temperature. II. Electric Moments of the Ethylene Halides

Both the free and hindered rotation of atoms or groups of atoms about single chemical linkages may be studied with the Debye relation between the molar polarization, $P$, and the reciprocal of the absolute temperature, $\frac{1}{T}$. The quantitative treatment by one of us for the simplest case of a free rotation has been compared with the more recent and more general expressions of Eyring and of Zahn. For the case in which the relation between $P$ and $\frac{1}{T}$ is nonlinear the use of Meyer's equation has been suggested for the calculation of the electric moment of the molecule. An apparatus has been described for measuring the dielectric constant of a vapor as a function of temperature. This apparatus includes a comparatively cheap vapor condenser of Monel metal, a means of obtaining vapor at any desired pressure up to that characteristic of 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, and a method of measuring vapor pressure in an all-glass apparatus. An experimental procedure has been designed to minimize as far as possible the systematic errors due to simplifying assumptions in the capacity equations of the measuring circuit. The results of dielectric constant and density measurements on ethylene chloride and ethylene bromide have been recorded. The experimental values for the total polarizations of these compounds have been plotted against the reciprocals of the absolute temperature. These results have been utilized for the calculation of the several electric moments by the usual methods based on the linear equation of Debye and by the application of Meyer's equation. All of the methods for the calculation of electric moments were found to give results approaching each other at higher temperatures but tending to deviate more and more at lower temperatures. It has also been possible to calculate the characteristic moments of the C - Cl bond and the C - Br bond from the experimental data. The characteristic moments of the bonds were found to bear the same ratio to each other as the moments of the methyl compounds. It has been further shown that Meyer's equation is applicable to the results for vapors and for solutions now existent in the literature. The indications are that the difference between the experimental results for vapors and for solutions may be due to changes in internal structure produced in the molecule by the solvent.
NAG-1/GDF15 transgenic mouse has less white adipose tissue and a reduced inflammatory response.

NAG-1/GDF15 is a TGF-&#x3b2; superfamily member with poorly characterized biological activity proposed to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production. Transgenic mice expressing human NAG-1/GDF15 () are leaner with lower body weight and are resistant to chemically or genetically induced intestinal tumors. Because of the link between obesity, inflammation, and cancer, we examined whether these mice exhibit a reduced response to inflammatory stimuli. The mice had a reduced inflammatory response to LPS based on the serum levels of cytokines KC, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF&#x3b1;. In contrast to literature reports and our in vivo results, NAG-1 did not inhibit LPS-induced cytokine expression in vitro in RAW264.7 cells, mouse peritoneal macrophages, or mouse liver Kupffer cells, suggesting that NAG-1/GDF15 does not directly inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production. However, mice have less white adipose tissue, the major source of inflammatory adipokines including leptin. Basal and LPS-treated serum leptin and mRNA levels in the adipose tissue of mice were lower than those in WT mice. We propose that the reduced white adipose tissue and reduced leptin expression may be responsible, in part, for the reduced inflammatory response to LPS and the decrease in intestinal tumors observed in mice.
The challenges measuring the effectiveness of a statewide Medicaid long-term care managed care programme: the Florida experience

Recent passage of legislation in Florida mandating the development of a statewide Medicaid managed care long-term care plan was initiated to facilitate the utilisation of home- and community-based long-term care services in place of high cost, non-skilled nursing home care. However, programme savings will be limited if the care needs of nursing home residents exceed that currently provided by community-based programmes. This article reports on the challenges that arose from our efforts to compare the care burden of nursing home residents and nursing home-eligible Medicaid waiver programme enrolees. Our experience will better enable policy researchers and managed care plans to design comparative effective studies that address the rebalancing of long-term care resources.
Deposition of deep-sea manganese nodules

Manganese at equilibrium in seawater occurs dominantly as Mn2+ and inorganic complexes at a concentration ratio of about 1:0.72; solubility decreases exponentially with increasing pH or Eh. However, the nodule oxides birnessite and todorokite are at least four orders of magnitude undersaturated relative to the Mn concentrations of seawater, and are metastable relative to hausmannite and manganite. This apparent lack of equilibrium is explicable by the mechanism of precipitation. Surfaces assist Mn precipitation by catalyzing equilibration between dissolved and reactive O2 and simultaneously also by adsorbing ionic Mn species. The effective Eh at the surface becomes 200–400 mV above that of seawater; the oxidation rate of Mn increases about 108 ×, and the activation energies for Mn oxidation decrease ~ 11.5 kcal/mole. Consequently, marine Mn nodules and crusts form by adsorption and catalytic oxidation of Mn2+ and ferrous ions at nucleating surfaces such as sea-floor silicates, oxyhydroxides, carbonates, phosphates and biogenic debris. The resulting ferromanganese surfaces autocatalyze further growth. In addition, Mn-fixing bacteria may also significantly accelerate accretion rates on these surfaces. Mn which accumulates in submarine sediments may be diagenetically recycled in response to steep solubility gradients causing upward migration from more acidic and reducing horizons toward the sea floor. In contrast, the concentrations of the predominant ferric complexes, Fe(OH)30 and Fe(OH)4−, are relatively less sensitive to the Eh's and pH's found in this environment; Fe is therefore not as readily recycled within buried sediments. Consequently, Fe is not so effectively enriched on the sea floor, although it precipitates more readily than Mn because seawater is saturated in amorphous Fe(OH)3. The metastable, perhaps kinetically-related, Mn oxides of nodules have a characteristic distribution: birnessite predominates in oxidizing environments of low sedimentation rate and todorokite where sedimentation rates and diagenetic Mn mobility are higher. Surface adsorption and cation substitution within the disordered birnessite-todorokite structure account for the high trace element content of Mn nodules.
Predictors and complications of blood transfusion in total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Perioperative patient optimization can minimize the need for blood transfusions in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to determine predictors and complications of transfusions. This retrospective review analyzed 1795 patients who underwent primary THA and TKA at our institution between January 2011 and December 2012. Of the 1573 patients ultimately included the rates of transfusion were 9.27% in TKA and 26.6% in THA. Significant predictors for transfusion include: preoperative hemoglobin, age, female gender, body mass index, creatinine, TKA, operating room time, operative blood loss, and intra-operative fluids. The DVT rate was comparable, but deep surgical site infection rate among transfused patients was 2.4% compared to 0.5% in non-transfused patients (P = 0.0065).
Microtremor recordings in Northern Mississippi

Abstract This paper presents the results of 305 single-point microtremor recordings, covering Northern Mississippi that is situated within the Upper Mississippi Embayment area. Both long- and short-term recordings were obtained by a LE-3D/20s seismometer, over a large network of points where the unconsolidated sediment thickness (UST) varies from zero to 1400 m. Applying the Nakamura method, the recordings were processed to determine predominant frequency (f0) and its relation to UST. Initial results of wind influence on the frequency spectra (particularly in low frequency band, 0.05–0.2 Hz), and dominant vibration direction are also presented. It is shown that analysis of systematic microtremor recordings can provide a stable and reliable estimation of the predominant frequency, from which estimates of average shear wave velocity of overall sediment profile can be derived. Predominant frequency (and average shear wave velocity) is reasonably well correlated with UST. Wind and human activities are found to produce peaks over the low frequency band (
In vitro antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces spp. ERI-3 isolated from Western Ghats rock soil (India)

Summary Streptomyces spp. ERI-3 was isolated from forest rock soil sample of the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA studies strongly suggested that this isolate belonged to Streptomyces. Preliminary screening revealed that the isolate was found to be active against bacteria and fungi. The growth parameters such as carbon source, pH and temperature were optimized. Nutritional and cultural conditions for the production of antimicrobial metabolite by this organism under shake-flask conditions have been optimized. The extracts were obtained by partition chromatography using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ether. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using broth microdilution technique. Ethyl acetate extract showed good antibacterial activity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined as 0.25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Xanthomonas spp. and Candida albicans.
Fluorine-18-Labeled Benzamide Analogues for Imaging the σ2 Receptor Status of Solid Tumors with Positron Emission Tomography

A series of fluorine-containing benzamide analogs was synthesized and evaluated as candidate ligands for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the sigma-2 (sigma2) receptor status of solid tumors. Four compounds having a moderate to high affinity for sigma2 receptors and a moderate to low affinity for sigma-1 (sigma1) receptors were radiolabeled with fluorine-18 via displacement of the corresponding mesylate precursor with [18F]fluoride. Biodistribution studies in female Balb/c mice bearing EMT-6 tumor allografts demonstrated that all four F-18-labeled compounds had a high tumor uptake (2.5-3.7% ID/g) and acceptable tumor/normal tissue ratios at 1 and 2 h post-i.v. injection. An analysis of the chemistry and biodistribution data suggested that N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl)-2-(2-[18F]-fluoroethoxy)-5-methylbenzamide ([18F]3c) and N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl)-2-(2-[18F]-fluoroethoxy)-5-iodo-3-methoxybenzamide ([18F]3f) are acceptable compounds for imaging the sigma2 receptor status of solid tumors.
PBES: a policy based encryption system with application to data sharing in the power grid

In distributed systems users need the ability to share sensitive content with multiple other recipients based on their ability to satisfy arbitrary policies. One such system is electricity grids where finegrained sensor data sharing holds the potential for increased reliability and efficiency. However, effective data sharing requires technical solutions that support flexible access policies, for example, sharing more data when the grid is unstable. In such systems, both the messages and policies are sensitive and, therefore, they need to kept be secret. Furthermore, to allow for such a system to be secure and usable in the presence of untrusted object stores and relays it must be resilient in the presence of active adversaries and provide efficient key management. While several of these properties have been studied in the past we address a new problem in the area of policy based encryption in that we develop a solution with all of these capabilities. We develop a Policy and Key Encapsulation Mechanism -- Data Encapsulation Mechanism (PKEM-DEM) encryption scheme that is a generic construction secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks and develop a Policy Based Encryption System (PBES) using this scheme that provides these capabilities. We provide an implementation of PBES and measure its performance.
CSNET protocol software: the IP-to-X.25 interface

CSNET is built on the Department of Defense network (ARPANET), public packet-switched physical networks (Telenet), and a telephone-based relay network (Phonenet). Some CSNET sites have direct connections to ARPANET, some have direct connections to Telenet, and some have connections only to telephone-based relay machines. The chief objective of CSNET is to provide a network interconnection for all groups engaged in Computer Science Research.CSNET has adopted TCP/IP as its standard transport level protocols. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [POST81] is an end-to-end protocol. It establishes communications between two processes that are running on different machines, detects and corrects errors, controls data flow, and provides reliable communications. Application programs call TCP to transfer data across the network. TCP, in turn, uses the Internet Protocol (IP) [POST81] to send data to the appropriate network. CSNET communications such as file transfer, remote login, and process-to-process communication over the network assume that a TCP interface is available at CSNET sites.Since ARPANET sites are required to support the TCP/IP protocols, CSNET sites connected directly to the ARPANET automatically have access to TCP/IP. Phonenet relays connect directly to the ARPANET; they too have access to TCP to relay mail onto the ARPANET. Telenet does not use the TCP/IP protocols. Consequently, CSNET sites that are connected only to Telenet need additional software before they can communicate on CSNET. That software is described in this paper -- it provides an interface between the public packet - switched protocol X.25 [CCITT78] and TCP/IP. Although the design outlined here is applicable to any vendor's system, our implemention is for a Digital Equipment Corporation VAX running the Western Electric UNIX [UNIX78] operating system as modified by the University of California at Berkeley.This report focuses on the technical issues involved in building software to interface TCP/IP and X.25. The tariff structure for public networks is discussed only to the extent that it influences our design. Other issues such as access control, and protocol selection are beyond the scope of this report.
Absolute Determination of Radon in me Marine Troposphere

Abstract A method for the direct determination of radon in the atmosphere was developed to measure radon mixing ratio with high precision at the low levels found in the marine troposphere away from continental air mass contamination. Developed for the DYCOMS atmospheric dynamic and chemical measurement experiment over the eastern Pacific Ocean during July and August, l985 it combines scintillation cell counting with the collection of large volume air samples using low flying aircraft. An equation that combines the growth and decay of radon and radon progeny was written for a microcomputer and is used to compare alpha activity in the cell with the number of radon atoms in a sample. Radon mixing ratios as low as 12 atoms per liter of air have been measured using this method.
Reselection of hard red winter wheat cultivar Lancota for high grain protein content

The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Lancota has genetic potential to produce grain with higher protein content than most other cultivars grown in the hard winter wheat region. It has not consistently expressed full potential for grain protein content outside its area of development. Experiments were conducted to determine genetic variability for grain protein content in Lancota and to utilize that variability to select genotypes with high grain protein content. Approximately 1600 lines were screened to 37 high-protein selections that varied in yield, test weight, flour mixing time, blooming date, height, and reaction to wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (WSBM). Nine promising selections (KS80476, KS80478, KS80480, KS80488, KS80490, KS80491, KS80497, KS80499, and KS80500) had grain protein advantage over Lancota of 0.5 to 1.0% and equalled or exceeded Lancota in yield or test weight. Those selections were resistant to WSBM and satisfactory or better in mixing properties than Lancota. The highest protein selection (KS80496) had a mean protein advantage of 1.5% over Lancota but exhibited a short mixing time of 1 7/8 min. The absence of correlation between some years indicated strong environmental influence on protein content. We concluded that adequate genetic variability existed in the high-grain protein cultivar Lancota to select lines that express the high protein potential better than the original cultivar outside its area of development.
Ward identities for quantum field theories with external fields

The effective action Γ for a quantum action S depending on quantum fields ψa and external fields Xα is shown to satisfy the following Ward identity: ∂Γ∂ψa[δψa]·Γ+∂S∂Xα δXα·Γ=−iℏ[Δ]·Γ Here δψa and δχα are (local or rigid) symmetries of S and [Ω] · Γ denotes all 1PI graphs with precisely one in setion of the local operator Ω. Δ parametrizes the anomalies. An example is given.
Toward the explication of the value contexts of the community psychologies.

Value issues are inseparable from any scientific pursuit and they become particularly influential in the applied scientific areas of community and behavioral community psychology. The explication of value positions is one way of dealing positively with the ubiquity of value issues. The role of values in community mental health, community psychology, and behavioral community psychology are contrasted. Implicit value positions are entrenched in the terminology of community psychology and community mental health theory while theory in behavioral community psychology, because of its functional rather than structural orientation, does not contain the same level of value positions. Traditionally, value positions have been concerned with the quality of life, i.e., what makes up the "good life." However, the worldwide crises of starvation, nuclear armament, and pollution necessitates an orientation to a more fundamental type of value, i.e., survival of the species or the opportunity for life. Through the explication of quality-of-life values, the public and psychologists designing community helping programs can evaluate the compatibility of quality-of-life and opportunity-for-life values.
Multilevel adaptive methods for incompressible flow in grooved channels

Abstract Incompressible moderate-Reynolds-number flow in a periodically grooved channel is investigated by direct numerical simulation using the finite-volume method on a staggered grid. A second-order, fully-implicit time-marching scheme is used together with a multigrid full approximation scheme (FAS) to accelerate the convergence process. Convergence factors of about 0.15 for each V(2,2) cycle are observed. The computational results for steady flow show good agreement with that of Ghaddar (1986). A local fine grid is placed about the cavity to achieve better accuracy, without the need for a global fine grid. Both FAC (see McCormick (1989)) and MLAT (see Brandt (1984)) adaptive techniques show optimal efficiency as solvers for the resulting composite grid problem.
Weakly closed elements of Sylow subgroups. II

The subgroup J(S) was introduced by Thompson in [t0]. Using a slightly different characteristic subgroup of S, Thompson characterized [9] the groups that have normal p-complements for odd primes p. We prove an analogue of his result in Section 7. An element x that satisfies the conclusion of Theorem A is said to be weakly closed in S (with respect to G). We showed in [4] that G is not simple if G is non-cyclic and if a Sylow 2-subgroup S of G contains a non-identity element that is weakly closed in S. We give some applications of Theorem A for p=2 in Section8. Unfortunately, Theorem A cannot be extended to arbitrary finite groups when p=2; the symmetric group of degree four and the simple group of order 168 are counterexamples. Theorem A was originally proved for groups in which the normalizers of non-identity p-subgroups are p-solvable; however, a recent result of Thompson (Theorem 4) serves as a substitute for p-solvability in a minimal counterexample to the general case. We thank Professor Thompson for informing us of his result and for making suggestions which simplified our proofs and led to our results in Theorem A for p = 2. We are grateful to the National Science Foundation for its partial support during the writing of this article.
Implementations of APL on small computers

The purpose of this session is to discuss implementing APL on small computers. The presentations will deal with design decisions associated with the actual implementations of such systems.
Naturalizing Ethics: the Biology and Psychology of Moral Agency

Moral agency is a central feature of both religious and secular conceptions of human beings. In this paper I outline a scientific naturalistic model of moral agency making use of current findings and theories in sociobiology, developmental psychology, and social cognitive theory. The model provides answers to four central questions about moral agency: (1) what it is, (2) how it is acquired. (3) how it is put to work, and (4) how it is justified. J suggest that this model can provide religious and secular moral theories with a basis for a common understanding of moral agency.
Brain injury with prolonged seizures in children and adults.

Some retrospective studies have suggested that there is a relationship between seizures early in life and the development of hippocampal damage (mesial temporal lobe hippocampal sclerosis) leading to intractable temporal lobe epilepsy in late childhood or adulthood. Recent prospective epidemiologic studies have not confirmed such a relationship, however, and many questions remain. Some of these questions are being addressed by animal studies. In adult rats, experimental seizures produce varying degrees of hippocampal damage and subsequent spontaneous seizures; the older the rat, the greater the hippocampal injury. The preponderance of available data indicate that such seizure-induced hippocampal damage may not occur in normally developing rats up to a certain age that may correspond to late childhood in humans. However, if the brain is already compromised, seizures early in life may produce hippocampal damage, depending on the nature of the initial lesion. Thus, the consequences of seizures appear to be a...
Computational Studies of a Protein-based Nanoactuator for Nanogripping Applications

The design hypothesis, architectures, and computational modeling of a novel peptide-based nanoactuator are presented in this paper. We engineered the I±-helical coiled-coil portion of the yeast transcriptional activator peptide called GCN4 to obtain an environmentally responsive nanoactuator. The dimeric coiled-coil peptide consists of two identical approximately 4.5 nm long and approximately 3 nm wide polypeptide chains. The actuation mechanism depends on the modification of electrostatic charges along the peptide by varying the pH of the solution resulting in the reversible movement of helices and, therefore, creating the motion of an actuator. Using molecular dynamics simulations we showed that pH changes led to a reversible opening of up to 1.5 nm which is approximately 150% of the initial separation of the nanoactuator. We also investigated the forces generated by the nanoactuator upon pH actuation, using a new method based on a modified steered molecular dynamics technique. Owing to its open and close motion resembling that of tweezers, the new nanoactuator can potentially be used as a nanogripper in various nanomanipulation tasks such as detection and removal of heavy metal ions during nanofabrication processes or as a molecular switch.
A Power Flow Method Using a New Bus Type for Computing Steady-State Voltage Stability Margins

In steady-state voltage stability analysis, it is well-known that as the load is increased toward the maximum loading condition, the conventional Newton-Raphson power flow Jacobian matrix becomes increasingly ill-conditioned. As a result, the power flow fails to converge before reaching the maximum loading condition. To circumvent this singularity problem, continuation power flow methods have been developed. In these methods, the size of the Jacobian matrix is increased by one, and the Jacobian matrix becomes non-singular with a suitable choice of the continuation parameter. In this paper, we propose a new method to directly eliminate the singularity by reformulating the power flow problem. The central idea is to introduce an AQ bus in which the bus angle and the reactive power consumption of a load bus are specified. For steady-state voltage stability analysis, the voltage angle at the load bus can be varied to control power transfer to the load, rather than specifying the load power itself. For an AQ bus, the power flow formulation consists of only the reactive power equation, thus reducing the size of the Jacobian matrix by one. This reduced Jacobian matrix is nonsingular at the critical voltage point. We illustrate the method and its application to steady-state voltage stability using two example systems.
Vertebral artery injuries associated with cervical spine injuries: a review of the literature.

Study DesignLiterature review.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of vertebral artery injuries (VAIs) in association with cervical spine trauma and investigate the optimum diagnostic and treatment protocols.Summary of Background DataVAIs may result from cervical spine trauma and have the potential t
Equivalent circuit and anodic growth mechanism for the aluminum electrode

Abstract An equivalent circuit of the aluminum electrode containing three RC branches is developed. Based on the current-time behavior of the electrode during a period of the order of a msec after the application of a positive voltage step to the electrode, a new model for ionic transport is proposed. The model is used to explain the anodic sparking phenomenon.
The reaction of diiodoethane with neptunium and plutonium metals

Samarium and ytterbium metals react with tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions of diiodoethane to yield solutions of the respective diiodides [ 1,2]. The blue SmIz solutions are quite stable in the absence of water and oxygen, and the use of SmIz as a reagent in organic reactions has been extensively studied by Kagan [3]. The chemical similarity between lanthanide and actinide metals suggests that alkyl diiodides might also react with actinide metals. Neptunium and plutonium have been found to react with THF solutions of CzH4Jz; thorium and uranium metal did not react. A preliminary study [4] of the reaction between C2H41, and alpha-phase Pu metal has been reported; further work is reported here.
Mother and Preschool Child Interaction: A Sequential Approach

A system for studying sequences of parent-child interaction with a 2− to 3–1/2-year-old child at home is described. The method focuses on parental initiations of interactions with their child, as well as parental responses to child initiations, to negative or oppositional child behaviors, and to their child's distress. The measures developed for these purposes allow an assessment of extended sequences of interaction, a quantified assessment of the style of the interchange, its affective components, and the resolution or outcome of the interactions.
22G-RNAs in Transposon Silencing and Centromere Function

Three recent papers (Gu et al., 2009; Claycomb et al., 2009; van Wolfswinkel et al., 2009) provide evidence that links a new class of small RNAs and Argonaute-associated complexes to centromere function and genome surveillance.
Electrophysiology of spinal motoneurons in the pigeon

In contrast to the wealth of information about the physiological properties of spinal motoneurons in mammals no equivalent data have been reported in birds. In the present study intracellular recording techniques have been applied to pigeons to investigate the properties of spinal motoneurons and to characterize the synaptic activity that may be recorded from them. The results will show that the synaptic activity of pigeon motoneurons is similar in many respects to that of mammalian motoneurons. Experiments were performed on carneaux pigeons that were either anesthetized with methoxyflurane or decerebrated. The animals were paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide, unidirectionally respirated and the temperature was maintained at 41-42 °C. The condition of each animal and the depth of anesthesia were monitored by recording the electrocardiogram. Tachycardia in excess of 300 beats/min was counteracted successfully by intramuscular administration of methoxamine hydrochloride. The enlargements in the brachial or lumbosacral regions of the spinal cord were exposed by a dorsal laminectomy. At lumbosacral levels, the glycogen body was sometimes removed from the rhomboid sinus by suction to facilitate exposure of the spinal cord. Intracellular records were obtained with glass micropipettes filled with 2 M potassium acetate, saturated with Fast Green FCF and having resistances of 5-15 MfL Motoneurons were identified by antidromic stimulation of peripheral nerves with bipolar platinum hook electrodes. In the brachial region, nerves were isolated from the brachial plexus 1. In the hindlimb, divisions of the sciatic nerve 14 were used for antidromic stimulation. In some experiments stimulating electrodes were inserted into the brain stem in order to also stimulate descending pathways which affect motoneurons. When neurons in the ventral horn were impaled, resting potentials appeared abruptly; in a sample of neurons, the maximum resting membrane potential ranged from 42 to 84 mV (mean = 59 :k 11 mV S.D., n = 31). The intracellular potentials recorded in motoneurons of the spinal cord of the pigeon consisted of action potentials and depolarizing and hyperpolarizing synaptic potentials.
Lack of association of lipoprotein(a) levels with coronary calcium deposits in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.

Abstract OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the relationship of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and other cardiac risk factors to coronary atherosclerosis as measured by calcification of coronary arteries in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. BACKGROUND Lipoprotein(a) is considered a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Coronary calcium deposition is believed to be a useful noninvasive marker of coronary atherosclerosis in women. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports of the relationship of Lp(a) to coronary calcium in postmenopausal women. METHODS In 178 asymptomatic postmenopausal women (64 ± 8 years), we measured Lp(a) and other cardiac risk factors: age, hypertension, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity level and duration of hormone replacement therapy. Electron-beam computed tomography was done to measure coronary calcium (calcium score). We analyzed the relationship between calcium score and cardiac risk factors using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Although calcium score correlated with traditional risk factors of age, diabetes, hypertension and smoking, it did not correlate with Lp(a) in the asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Similar multivariate analyses were done in the subjects age >60 years and in the subjects with significant coronary calcium deposit (calcium score ≥50). These analyses also have failed to show an association of levels of Lp(a) with coronary calcium deposits. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in asymptomatic postmenopausal women, Lp(a) levels do not correlate with coronary atherosclerosis as measured by coronary calcium deposits.